{ "profiles": [ { "id": "DZ", "title": "Algeria", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "China-African Union cooperation on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/03/c_1713731793084792.htm", "description": "On 3 April 2024, China and the African Union adopted a joint statement to increase their cooperation in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) research and development. The statement was adopted at the China-Africa Internet Development and Cooperation Forum in China, which focussed on the cooperation between the African Union and China on data protection regulation within the domain of AI development. This statement underscores the commitment of both parties to enhance policy dialogue, prom...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/29560-treaty-0048_-_african_union_convention_on_cyber_security_and_personal_data_protection_e.pdf", "description": "On 8 June 2024, the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection entered into force. The Convention emphasises the importance of developing national cybersecurity policies and strategies to address the evolving threats in the digital landscape. It mandates the implementation of legal measures to criminalise cyber offences such as unauthorised access to computer systems, data breaches, and cyber-enabled fraud. Additionally, the Convention encourages international coo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Data protection authority governance in African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://au.int/sites/default/files/treaties/29560-treaty-0048_-_african_union_convention_on_cyber_security_and_personal_data_protection_e.pdf", "description": "On 8 June 2024, the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection entered into force. The Convention mandates the establishment of national data protection authorities to govern and enforce data protection regulations across its member states. These authorities are tasked with overseeing compliance with data protection laws, handling complaints, conducting audits, and imposing sanctions when necessary. The Convention emphasises the independence and impartiality of th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-12", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law No. 23-20 on the Audiovisual Activity", "url": "https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/115892/DZA-115892.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, Law No. 23-20 on the Audiovisual Activity entered into force. Article 85 established a 12-month transitional period from the law's publication date (2 December 2023), during which existing audiovisual and online communication services were required to align their operations with the law. Article 32 obligates audiovisual services to abstain from broadcasting content that promotes violence, terrorism, racial discrimination, or false information, while Article 69 extends the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-04", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://c4ir.rw/docs/Africa%20Declaration%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligences.pdf", "description": "On 4 April 2025, delegates at the Global AI Summit on Africa signed the Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence. The Declaration outlines commitments to support the adoption of responsible national AI policies and governance frameworks that align with the African Union’s AI Continental Strategy. It also proposes the creation of a continent-wide knowledge-sharing platform to enable the coordination of policy tools, regulatory sandboxes, and best practices in AI governance. Further cooper...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-04", "title": "Data governance in Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://c4ir.rw/docs/Africa%20Declaration%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligences.pdf", "description": "On 4 April 2025, delegates at the Global AI Summit on Africa signed the Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence. The Declaration highlights the establishment of a framework for African open datasets and open AI models, with the goal of improving data collection, digitisation, and interoperability across several sectors such as health, education, agriculture, and climate resilience. In line with the AU Data Policy Framework and relevant national legislation, the Declaration also calls fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-15", "title": "National Data Protection Authority's compliance package for processing personal data", "url": "https://anpdp.dz/%d9%86%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%ac-%d9%88%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-18/", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPDP) released a compliance package consisting of one main guideline and four supporting templates. The primary document, \"Compliance Procedures,\" serves as a step-by-step guideline for implementing Law 07-18, covering requirements such as appointing data protection representatives, forming internal compliance teams, and establishing lawful processing procedures. This is accompanied by templates, a confidentiality and non-disclosure a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Data protection regulation in Law no. 25-11 on data protection", "url": "https://www.arpce.dz/ar/file/e8h7u0", "description": "On 24 July 2025, Law no. 25-11 amending Data Protection Law no. 18-07, including data protection regulation entered into force. The Law establishes a framework for the processing of personal data belonging to natural persons. It defines personal data as any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person, including biometric data and physical, physiological, or behavioural characteristics that permit unique identification of that person. The Law prohibits unlawful process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Law no. 25-11 on data protection", "url": "https://www.arpce.dz/ar/file/e8h7u0", "description": "On 24 July 2025, Law no. 25-11 on data protection, including cross-border data transfer regulation entered into force. The Law establishes conditions under which personal data may be transferred to foreign countries or international organisations, requiring that such transfers only occur when the receiving country or organisation provides adequate safeguards for data protection, including compliance with human rights and fundamental freedoms. Transfers are permitted when necessary for crime p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "Algeria-Rwanda Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in ICT, Innovation, and the Digital Economy", "url": "https://embabuja.mfa.gov.dz/news-and-press-releases/algeria-rwanda-agree-on-enhanced-cooperation-with-aligned-views-on-questions-of-common-interest-4-juin-2025", "description": "On 4 June 2025, Algeria and Rwanda signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on cooperation in information and communication technologies (ICT), innovation, and the digital economy during the official visit of the Rwandan President to Algeria. The MoU, formalised by the Minister of Post and Telecommunications of Algeria and the Rwandan Minister of ICT and Innovation, establishes a framework for collaboration in digital infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and technology development. It promotes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Law regarding the protection of individuals in the processing of personal data (Law No. 18-07)", "url": "https://anpdp.dz/fr/quand-et-a-qui-sapplique-la-loi-n18-07/", "description": "On 12 August 2023, the Algerian Law Relating to the Protection of Individuals in the Processing of Personal Data (Law No. 18-07) entered into force. The law applies to the processing of personal data by both public bodies and private individuals. Under the law, data processing requires either prior notification to the National Data Protection Authority or the Authority’s prior authorisation. In addition, the Law outlines data subjects' rights such as information, access, rectification, and op...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于个人信息处理中个人保护的数据保护法规（第18-07号法律）", "description_zh": "2023年8月12日，阿尔及利亚《关于个人信息处理中个人保护的法律》（第18-07号法律）生效。该法律适用于公共机构和私人对个人数据的处理。根据该法律，数据处理须事先通知国家数据保护机构或获得该机构的事先授权。此外，该法律规定了数据主体的权利，如知情权、访问权、更正权和反对权等。" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "Pall Mall Process on Tackling the Proliferation and Irresponsible Use of Commercial Cyber Intrusion Capabilities", "url": "https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/digital-diplomacy/news/article/the-pall-mall-process-tackling-the-proliferation-and-irresponsible-use-of", "description": "On 6 February 2024, a collaborative statement involving multiple countries and endorsed by technological companies such as Google, Microsoft, and Meta was released. This joint declaration underscored the imperative for enhanced measures to address the malicious exploitation of cyber espionage tools. Signed by 35 nations during a conference hosted by Britain and France, the statement aimed to counter the escalating prevalence and misuse of spyware, which is employed for listening to phone conv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pall Mall Process：应对商业网络入侵能力扩散及不负责任使用", "description_zh": "2024年2月6日，一份由多国联合发布并获得Google、Microsoft及Meta等科技公司支持的声明公布。该联合声明强调亟需加强措施，以应对网络间谍工具的恶意滥用。该声明在英国和法国主办的一次会议上由35个国家签署，旨在遏制间谍软件日益猖獗的流行和滥用，此类软件被用于监听电话通话等。" }, { "date": "11 November 2021", "title": "Decree No. 21-439 on reorganisation of national body for prevention and combating of offences related to information and communication technologies", "url": "https://www.mpt.gov.dz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Decret-presidentiel-n°-21-439.ONPLI_.TIC_.arpour-information.pdf", "description": "On 11 November 2021, Presidential Decree No. 21-439 on the reorganisation of the national body for the prevention and combating of offences related to information and communication technologies entered into force. This independent administrative authority, operating under the President of the Republic, is tasked with defining and implementing the national strategy for preventing and combating such offences. The body is authorised to conduct preventive surveillance of electronic communications...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第21-439号总统令：重组国家信息与通信技术犯罪预防和打击机构", "description_zh": "2021年11月11日，关于重组国家信息与通信技术犯罪预防和打击机构的第21-439号总统令生效。该独立行政机构在共和国总统领导下运作，负责制定和实施预防和打击此类犯罪的国家战略。该机构有权对电子通信进行预防性监控。" }, { "date": "9 October 2023", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 23-314 establishing High Commissariat for Digitisation and outlining its missions, organisation, and functioning", "url": "https://www.mpt.gov.dz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Decret-presidentiel-n°-23-314.Haut-Commissariat-a-la-Numerisation.ar_.pdf", "description": "On 10 September 2023, Presidential Decree No. 23-314 establishing the High Commissariat for Digitisation and outlining its missions, organisation, and functioning enters into force. The Commissariat is responsible for developing the national digitisation strategy in consultation with various sectors, including the private sector, and ensuring its alignment with information system security requirements. The Commissariat's missions include defining priority projects, proposing legal and technic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第23-314号总统令：设立数字化高级专员公署并规定其任务、组织和运作", "description_zh": "2023年9月10日，关于设立数字化高级专员公署并规定其任务、组织和运作的第23-314号总统令生效。该公署负责与包括私营部门在内的各行业协商制定国家数字化战略，并确保其符合信息系统安全要求。公署的任务包括确定优先项目、提出法律和技术建议等。" }, { "date": "26 January 2021", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 20-05 on establishing a national framework for security of information systems", "url": "https://www.mpt.gov.dz/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Decret-presidentiel-n°-20-05.ar_.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2021, Presidential Decree No. 20-05 on establishing a national framework for the security of information systems entered into force. The private operators were required to designate a responsible person for the security of their information systems by 26 January 2021. The decree mandates the Agency for the Security of Information Systems to advise and assist both public and private operators in implementing information system security strategies and to support them in managing s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第20-05号总统令：建立信息系统安全国家框架", "description_zh": "2021年1月26日，关于建立信息系统安全国家框架的第20-05号总统令生效。私营运营商须在2021年1月26日前指定其信息系统安全负责人。该法令授权信息系统安全局为公共和私营运营商提供信息系统安全战略实施的咨询和协助，并支持其进行安全管理。" }, { "date": "2 March 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation guidance in African Union Data Policy Framework", "url": "https://au.int/en/documents/20220728/au-data-policy-framework", "description": "On 3 February 2022, the African Union adopted a declaration establishing a continental framework for data protection regulation. The objective of this framework is to achieve harmonisation of data governance across the member states of the African Union. The framework delineates principles for data classification, protection, and the empowerment of Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) to enforce compliance. In particular, the declaration encourages data controllers and processors to obtain info...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟数据政策框架中的数据保护法规指南", "description_zh": "2022年2月3日，非洲联盟通过了一项宣言，确立了数据保护法规的大陆框架。该框架的目标是实现非洲联盟成员国之间数据治理的协调一致。该框架明确了数据分类、保护的原则，并赋予数据保护机构（DPAs）执法权以确保合规。特别是，该宣言鼓励数据控制者和处理者获取信息主体的同意等。" }, { "date": "13 September 2023", "title": "AI for Sustainable Youth Development in Africa", "url": "https://au.int/en/documents/20240913/artificial-intelligence-ai-sustainable-youth-development-africa-p-o-l-i-c-y-b-r-i", "description": "On 13 September 2023, the African Union adopted a policy brief to promote Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance under the Make Africa Digital (MAD) campaign. It underscores the need for investment in infrastructure, inclusive legislation, public-private partnerships, and digital education to enhance AI adoption across sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, education, trade, and entrepreneurship. The brief identifies challenges such as low internet penetration, lack of digital skills, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲人工智能促进青年可持续发展", "description_zh": "2023年9月13日，非洲联盟在“让非洲数字化”（MAD）运动下通过了一份政策简报，以促进人工智能（AI）治理。该简报强调需要在基础设施、包容性立法、公私合作伙伴关系和数字教育方面进行投资，以加强农业、医疗保健、教育、贸易和创业等领域的人工智能应用。简报指出了互联网普及率低、缺乏数字技能等挑战。" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "African Union Child Online Safety and Empowerment Policy", "url": "https://au.int/en/documents/20240521/african-union-child-online-safety-and-empowerment-policy", "description": "On 21 May 2024, the African Union Executive Council adopted the Child Online Safety and Empowerment Policy. This framework establishes a set of guidelines designed to ensure the protection of children's rights within the digital sphere throughout the African continent. The policy incorporates a 4Cs model to categorise online risks, encompassing content, contact, conduct, and consumer risks. It establishes guiding principles that prioritise child rights, digital safety, and empowerment. The po...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟儿童网络安全与赋权政策", "description_zh": "2024年5月21日，非洲联盟执行理事会通过了《儿童网络安全与赋权政策》。该框架制定了一套指导方针，旨在确保整个非洲大陆数字领域中儿童权利的保护。该政策采用4C模型对网络风险进行分类，涵盖内容、接触、行为和消费风险。该政策确立了以儿童权利、数字安全和赋权为优先的指导原则。" }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "African Union Development Agency AI and Future of Work in Africa White Paper", "url": "https://www.nepad.org/publication/ai-and-future-of-work-africa-white-paper", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) adopted the White Paper on AI and the Future of Work in Africa. This initiative aims to coordinate AI practices across the continent, ensuring ethical standards and aligning technological advances with socio-economic goals. It explores how generative AI can drive productivity, economic growth, and job transformation while posing risks of work disruption, inequality, and technological dependency. It highlights the need for inves...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟发展机构《非洲人工智能与工作未来白皮书》", "description_zh": "2024年6月4日，非洲联盟发展机构（AUDA-NEPAD）通过了《非洲人工智能与工作未来白皮书》。该倡议旨在协调全非洲的人工智能实践，确保伦理标准，并使技术进步与社会经济目标保持一致。白皮书探讨了生成式人工智能如何提高生产力、促进经济增长和推动工作转型，同时带来工作颠覆、不平等和技术依赖等风险。白皮书强调需要投资。" }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Law No. 23-20 on the Audiovisual Activity", "url": "https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/115892/DZA-115892.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, Law No. 23-20 on the Audiovisual Activity entered into force. Article 85 established a 12-month transitional period from the law's publication date (2 December 2023), during which existing audiovisual and online communication services were required to align their operations with the law. Article 15 requires that services of audiovisual communication online must have their hosting “exclusively and physically domiciled” with Algeria's public broadcasting organisation, using ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第23-20号《视听活动法》中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2024年12月3日，第23-20号《视听活动法》生效。第85条规定了自法律公布之日（2023年12月2日）起12个月的过渡期，在此期间，现有视听和在线通信服务须使其运营符合该法律。第15条要求在线视听通信服务的主机必须“排他性地且实际设立于”阿尔及利亚公共广播机构，使用该机构提供的服务。" }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law No. 23-19 on the written press and electronic press", "url": "https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/jo-francais/2023/F2023077.pdf", "description": "On 3 June 2024, Law No. 23-19 on the written press and electronic press entered into force. As per Article 79, periodical publications and electronic press entities were obligated to fully comply with the law's provisions within six months of its publication in the Official Journal on 2 December 2023. Article 68 authorises the Written and Electronic Press Regulatory Authority to suspend publications or websites for up to 30 days if they violate legal obligations, including content that underm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第23-19号《书面新闻与电子新闻法》中的内容审核法规", "description_zh": "2024年6月3日，第23-19号《书面新闻与电子新闻法》生效。根据第79条，期刊出版物和电子新闻实体须在2023年12月2日官方公报公布之日起六个月内全面遵守该法律规定。第68条授权书面与电子新闻监管机构在出版物或网站违反法定义务（包括破坏国家安全等的内容）时，可暂停其出版或网站长达30天。" }, { "date": "26 June 2023", "title": "Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Start-ups, and Micro-Enterprises AI Council", "url": "https://aicouncil.dz/", "description": "On 26 June 2023, the AI Council was established as a scientific advisory body by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Start-ups, and Micro-Enterprises. The AI Council comprises experts from government, industry, and academia, both domestic and international, to provide recommendations for a cross-sectoral AI strategy and foster innovation in artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高等教育部与科学研究部及知识经济、初创企业与微型企业部人工智能委员会", "description_zh": "2023年6月26日，高等教育部与科学研究部及知识经济、初创企业与微型企业部共同设立了人工智能委员会，作为科学咨询机构。该委员会由来自政府、产业界和学术界的国内外专家组成，旨在为跨部门人工智能战略提供建议，并促进人工智能创新。" }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Resolution on developing Guidelines to assist States monitor technology companies in respect of their duty to maintain information integrity through independent fact checking", "url": "https://achpr.au.int/en/adopted-resolutions/achprres630-lxxxii-2025", "description": "On 11 March 2025, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) adopted Resolution ACHPR/Res.630 (LXXXII) 2025 on the development of guidelines to assist states in monitoring technology companies. The resolution requires the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa to develop these guidelines in collaboration with stakeholders such as civil society, regulatory bodies, and technology companies. The aim is to enable States to effectively moni...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲人权和人民权利委员会关于制定指南协助国家通过独立事实核查监督科技公司履行维护信息完整性义务的决议", "description_zh": "2025年3月11日，非洲人权和人民权利委员会（ACHPR）通过了第ACHPR/Res.630 (LXXXII) 2025号决议，关于制定指南以协助国家监督科技公司。该决议要求非洲言论自由和获取信息特别报告员与民间社会、监管机构及科技公司等利益相关方合作制定这些指南。其目的是使各国能够有效监督科技公司履行通过独立事实核查维护信息完整性的义务。" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "Bahrain and Algeria seeks Arab AI regulation deal", "url": "https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/106296.html#google_vignette", "description": "Bahrain and Algeria are advancing efforts to establish an Arab framework agreement aimed at creating unified regulations for artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technology. Discussions took place during the sidelines of the 2024 United Nations Internet Governance Forum in Riyadh.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴林与阿尔及利亚寻求达成阿拉伯人工智能监管协议", "description_zh": "据报道，在2024年联合国互联网治理论坛期间，巴林和阿尔及利亚代表讨论了建立阿拉伯框架协议的努力，旨在为人工智能和数字技术制定统一法规。如果实施，该协议将促使参与国采用共同标准，用于人工智能及相关技术的开发和应用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 December 2024", "title": "Algeria unveils AI Strategy", "url": "https://aicouncil.dz/conference", "description": "Primary source (aicouncil.dz) dated 10 December 2024 in DZ. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿尔及利亚发布人工智能战略", "description_zh": "阿尔及利亚在阿尔及尔举行的第三届非洲初创企业大会上发布了国家人工智能（AI）战略。该倡议旨在开发本地人工智能解决方案，并在各领域实施，以减少对进口技术的依赖。该战略侧重于六个关键领域，包括科学研究、为人工智能创造有利环境、培养本地专业人才，以及协助初创企业提供满足商业需求的解决方案。该人工智能战略遵循阿尔及利亚于2024年初推出的国家数字化转型计划。这些政策共同旨在加速该国的数字化转型，这是自Abdelmadjid Tebboune总统2019年上任以来的优先事项。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='aicouncil.dz', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /conference (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to aicouncil.dz timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 25, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "012" }, { "id": "AFU", "title": "African Union", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-06-19", "title": "Responsible AI in African economic policymaking", "url": "", "description": "Responsible AI principles are vital to African economic policymaking but need to be tailored.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "From risk to resilience: No-code AI governance in the Global South", "url": "", "description": "No-code AI governance empowers the Global South to build local guardrails, bridge skills gaps, and enable inclusive, resilient adoption.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "从风险到韧性：全球南方的无代码人工智能治理", "description_zh": "无代码人工智能治理赋能全球南方建立本地防护机制，弥合技能差距，并实现包容性、韧性的应用。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "Introducing the OECD.AI Policy Navigator", "url": "", "description": "The Policy Navigator simplifies the process of tracking and submitting AI policy information, while dramatically increasing coverage and usability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD.AI政策导航器介绍", "description_zh": "该政策导航器简化了跟踪和提交人工智能政策信息的流程，同时大幅提高了覆盖范围和使用便利性。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "title": "The OECD-African Union AI Dialogue 2.0: From strategy to implementation", "url": "", "description": "The OECD-African Union (AU) AI Dialogue, held in Cairo brought together participants from more than 30 countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD-非洲联盟人工智能对话2.0：从战略到实施", "description_zh": "在开罗举行的OECD-非洲联盟（AU）人工智能对话汇集了来自30多个国家的参与者。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-04", "title": "Building the foundations for collaboration: The OECD-African Union AI Dialogue", "url": "", "description": "The dialogue facilitated discussions on AI governance and addressed joint challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奠定合作基础：OECD-非洲联盟人工智能对话", "description_zh": "该对话促进了关于人工智能治理的讨论，并应对了共同挑战。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-03", "title": "Deliberate, inclusive AI policies to empower women in Africa", "url": "", "description": "For International Women’s Day, we share highlights from a discussion on how AI can empower women in Africa.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "审慎、包容的人工智能政策赋能非洲女性", "description_zh": "在国际妇女节之际，我们分享关于人工智能如何赋能非洲女性的讨论要点。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "China, African nations pledge cooperation on cybersecurity, AI governance", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/28/c_1760606713169654.htm#:~:text=4.2%20China%20will%20put%20into,abusive%20use%20of%20AI%20technologies.", "description": "In August 2021, China launched the Initiative on China-Africa Jointly Building a Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace at the first China-Africa Internet Development and Cooperation Forum. To implement the guiding principles laid out by President Xi Jinping in his congratulatory letter to the Ministerial Meeting of Coordinators on the Implementation of the Follow-up Actions of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) as well as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Action Plan (2025-2027), and to further deepen the pragmatic cooperation with African countries in the digital", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国与非洲国家承诺在网络安全和人工智能治理方面开展合作", "description_zh": "在厦门举行的中非互联网发展与合作论坛上，中国发布了与非洲数字合作的全面计划，题为《中非网络空间命运共同体合作行动计划（2025-2026）》。该计划聚焦五个关键领域：（1）通过投资5G和海底电缆等通信基础设施发展数字经济，创建中国互联网企业的“合作网络”，并扩展“丝路电商”以推广非洲产品；（2）通过加强应急响应合作、对话增进互信，以及应对数据安全和跨境数据流动风险来保障网络安全；（3）通过电子商务、网络安全和人工智能等领域的培训以及举办年度研讨会来建设数字能力；（4）通过对话推进人工智能治理，实施全球人工智能治理倡议，并在联合国和G20等国际论坛协调立场；（5）通过联合采访、产品交流和人才培养加强网络媒体合作，以促进中非叙事和更具包容性的全球传播秩序。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 July 2025", "title": "African Parliament discusses AI and holds an extended meeting with the South African Parliament", "url": "https://ami.mr/en/archives/25680", "description": "The African Parliament has set aside a day of its meetings in Midrand, South Africa, to discuss key issues in the field of artificial intelligence and digital sovereignty in Africa.The experts participating in this meeting called for the establishmen", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲议会讨论人工智能并与南非议会举行扩大会议", "description_zh": "据报道，泛非议会在南非米德兰德的会议中专门留出一天时间，讨论非洲人工智能和数字主权领域的关键问题。出席会议的专家呼吁建立一个基于伦理、包容性和技术主权的大陆框架，强调有必要建立一个保障基本权利保护的框架，特别是在卫生、教育和资金等敏感领域。泛非议会第一副主席Fatima Habib女士在讲话中赞扬了泛非议会与南非议会之间的模范合作，并呼吁促进妇女和青年在非洲各机构和组织中的代表性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 April 2025", "title": "Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence signed", "url": "https://c4ir.rw/docs/Africa%20Declaration%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Primary source (c4ir.rw) dated 8 April 2025 in AFU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《非洲人工智能宣言》签署", "description_zh": "在卢旺达基加利举行的首届全球非洲人工智能峰会上，包括非洲联盟在内的54个签署方签署了《非洲人工智能宣言》。该宣言旨在：（1）利用人工智能的潜力推动创新和竞争力，以促进非洲的经济、产业和社会发展；（2）将非洲定位为伦理、可信和包容性人工智能应用的全球领导者；（3）促进非洲人工智能技术的可持续和负责任的设计、开发、部署、使用和治理。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "African Union, European Union, G20, G7 and United Nations adopted Paris AI Action Statement", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet", "description": "Statement [1] on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet. 1. Participants from over 100 countries, including government leaders, international organisations, representatives of civil society, the private sector, and the academic and research communities gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025 to hold the AI Action Summit. Rapid development of AI technologies represents a major paradigm shift, impacting our citizens, and societies in many ways. In line with the Paris Pact for People and the Planet [2] , and the principles that countries must have ownersh", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟、欧洲联盟、G20、G7及联合国通过《巴黎人工智能行动声明》", "description_zh": "在巴黎人工智能行动峰会之后，非洲联盟、欧洲联盟、G20、G7和联合国通过了《关于为人类和地球实现包容和可持续人工智能的声明》。该声明强调促进人工智能的可及性以弥合数字鸿沟，确保人工智能系统符合伦理且值得信赖，并推进人工智能治理的国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "African Union to deliberate on Continental AI Strategy in Ghana", "url": "https://au.int/en/summit/coordination/6", "description": "Promoting Africa’s growth and economic development by championing citizen inclusion and increased cooperation and integration of African states.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲联盟将于加纳审议大陆人工智能战略", "description_zh": "非洲联盟执行会议定于2024年7月18日至19日在加纳举行，审议《大陆人工智能（AI）战略》和《非洲数字契约》。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 June 2024", "title": "Africa Union adopts the Continental AI Strategy", "url": "https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20240617/african-ministers-adopt-landmark-continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy", "description": "Promoting Africa’s growth and economic development by championing citizen inclusion and increased cooperation and integration of African states.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲联盟通过《大陆人工智能战略》", "description_zh": "非洲联盟通过了《大陆人工智能战略》，该战略（1）旨在加速非洲的数字化转型；（2）旨在利用人工智能的潜力，同时促进伦理使用并应对教育、卫生、农业和治理等领域的各种挑战；（3）强调发展人力资本、培育创新生态系统并创造有利的监管环境；（4）概述了统一利用数字技术促进整个大陆可持续发展和经济增长的方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 April 2024", "title": "G7 Presidency partners with UNDP Africa to advance AI for sustainable development", "url": "https://www.undp.org/africa/press-releases/g7-presidency-partners-undp-africa-advance-ai-sustainable-development", "description": "The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) hosts the G7 Italian Presidency to discuss Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development with African Union officials in Addis Ababa.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7主席国与联合国开发计划署非洲局合作推进人工智能促进可持续发展", "description_zh": "G7意大利主席国与联合国开发计划署（UNDP）合作，与非洲联盟（AU）高级官员、非洲驻非盟大使、欧盟驻非盟特别代表以及私营部门利益相关方举行了一系列高级别会议。会议成果是加强了在人工智能促进可持续发展方面加强合作的承诺，并共同应对确保所有人都能获得人工智能的挑战。特别是，G7和UNDP将在2024年继续与非洲领导人共同设计一个可持续发展人工智能中心。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "China-African Union Statement for Increased Cooperation in AI adopted", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/03/c_1713731793084792.htm", "description": "人工智能是人类发展新领域。当前，全球人工智能技术快速发展，对经济社会发展和人类文明进步产生深远影响，给世界带来巨大机遇。2023年，中国国家主席习近平宣布中方提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》，这是中方积极践行人类命运共同体理念，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议的具体行动。非洲是科技进步的重要参与者，人工智能的发展和应用，对包括中国和非洲国家在内的广大发展中国家具有重要意义。我们充分认识到加强中非人工智能合作的必要性，愿秉持平等相待、真诚友好、合作共赢、共同发展的初心，坚持以人为本、智能向善、公平开放，深化中非人工智能领域友好合作，进一步推动中非全面战略合作伙伴关系高水平发展。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过《中国-非洲联盟关于加强人工智能合作的声明》", "description_zh": "在中非互联网发展与合作论坛上，中国与非洲联盟通过了一项联合声明，以加强双方在人工智能研发领域的合作。要点包括：（1）建立中非人工智能政策对话与合作；（2）促进中非企业间的人工智能技术研发和投资；（3）促进产业合作与发展，特别是在非洲的产业领域；（4）人工智能人才交流与能力建设；（5）深化网络和数据安全合作，特别是人工智能研究与应用中个人隐私和数据安全。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence (2025)", "url": "https://c4ir.rw/docs/Africa%20Declaration%20on%20Artificial%20Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Primary source (c4ir.rw) in AFU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Strategy & Policy", "Safe & Responsible Ai", "Ai Safety" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《非洲人工智能宣言》（2025年）：", "description_zh": "在卢旺达基加利举行的首届全球非洲人工智能峰会上，包括非洲联盟在内的54个签署方签署了《非洲人工智能宣言》。该宣言旨在：（1）利用人工智能的潜力推动创新和竞争力，以促进非洲的经济、产业和社会发展；（2）将非洲定位为伦理、可信和包容性人工智能应用的全球领导者；（3）促进非洲人工智能技术的可持续和负责任的设计、开发、部署、使用和治理。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Continental AI Strategy (2024)", "url": "https://au.int/en/documents/20240809/continental-artificial-intelligence-strategy", "description": "Promoting Africa’s growth and economic development by championing citizen inclusion and increased cooperation and integration of African states.", "categories": [ "Strategy & Policy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《大陆人工智能战略》（2024年）：", "description_zh": "该战略呼吁非洲联盟成员国采取统一的国家层面方法，以应对人工智能驱动变革的复杂性，旨在加强区域和全球合作，并将非洲定位为包容和负责任人工智能发展的领导者。该战略提出了15个行动领域，主要包括：（1）在区域和国家层面建立适当的人工智能治理体系和法规；（2）采用和实施技术标准，以确保整个非洲大陆人工智能系统的安全和保障；（3）加快非洲参与全球人工智能治理。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AUDA White Paper - Regulation and Responsible Adoption of AI in Africa Towards Achievement of African Union Agenda 2063 (2024)", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lNyuB5v5TlA6OB0r0dne0Y3aR2ROYArJ/view?usp=sharing", "description": "Primary source (drive.google.com): AUDA_APET White Paper on AI_Public Version.pdf - Google Drive.", "categories": [ "Strategy & Policy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AUDA白皮书——《非洲人工智能监管与负责任应用：迈向非洲联盟2063年议程》（2024年）：", "description_zh": "非洲联盟发展机构发布的白皮书遵循了2021年人工智能蓝图以及非洲人权和人民权利委员会第473号决议，该决议呼吁以人权为中心的人工智能治理方法。白皮书呼吁采取协调一致的人工智能应用方法，并要求成员国通过国家人工智能战略，强调数据安全、保障和保护，以促进人工智能的伦理使用。白皮书建议：（1）自我监管，通过行业行为准则执行，并提供一定灵活性以适应不断发展的人工智能格局；（2）采用标准和认证以建立行业基准；（3）根据已识别的潜在危害区分硬法和软法监管；（4）建立人工智能监管沙盒，以便在监管监督下进行测试。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Resolution 473 (2021)", "url": "https://achpr.au.int/en/adopted-resolutions/473-resolution-need-undertake-study-human-and-peoples-rights-and-art", "description": "The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Commission) meeting at its 31 st Extraordinary Session held virtually, from 19 to 25 February 2021:", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲人权和人民权利委员会第473号决议（2021年）：", "description_zh": "该决议除其他事项外，（1）呼吁以人权为中心的人工智能治理方法；（2）呼吁非洲联盟和区域机构围绕人工智能技术、机器人技术及其他新兴技术制定区域监管框架；（3）承诺开展研究，以进一步制定指南和规范，应对这些技术对非洲人权的影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Blueprint - Artificial Intelligence for Africa (2021)", "url": "https://smartafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/70029-eng_ai-for-africa-blueprint-min.pdf", "description": "Primary source (smartafrica.org) in AFU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Strategy & Policy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《非洲人工智能蓝图》（2021年）：", "description_zh": "该人工智能蓝图指导成员国在需要人工智能作为首选技术进行干预的事项上可以或应当实施的内容。其目标是：（1）帮助制定政策，以促进全非洲强大且符合伦理的人工智能发展；（2）培养“非洲制造、服务非洲”的人工智能专业知识和解决方案；（3）为开放数据创造有利环境，以促进全非洲范围的人工智能交流、创新和市场创建；（4）确保投资，使人工智能为市场做好准备。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI Regulation in Africa — State of Play Report (March 2024)", "url": "https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4E1FAQGBx8pDXKQ-sA/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1710863047549?e=1711584000&v=beta&t=aUm2HJrbzXxcuwbl3e0NaNd3kvgsjmQ5X6FRtOQ_z3U", "description": "Primary source (media.licdn.com) in AFU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《非洲人工智能监管现状：趋势与发展》（2024年3月）：", "description_zh": "一份关于非洲人工智能政策和监管发展的综合报告。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 20, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "AO", "title": "Angola", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "024" }, { "id": "CLAD", "title": "Latin American Center for Development Administration (CLAD)", "entries": [ { "title": "Ibero-American Charter of Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration (2023)", "url": "https://clad.org/declaraciones-consensos/carta-iberoamericana-de-inteligencia-artificial-en-la-administracion-publica/", "description": "Mantente informado sobre las últimas novedades, investigaciones, eventos, y oportunidades de formación relacionadas con la modernización de las administraciones públicas y la reforma del Estado en Latinoamérica, Europa y África.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《伊比利亚-美洲公共管理人工智能宪章》（2023年）：", "description_zh": "拉丁美洲和加勒比地区行政发展中心（CLAD）成员一致通过了《伊比利亚-美洲公共管理人工智能宪章》，该宪章为在国家、地区和市级政府中实施人工智能提供了标准和工作方式。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "AR", "title": "Argentina", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-07-13", "title": "Report on Application of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures to stablecoin arrangements", "url": "https://www.bis.org/cpmi/publ/d206.htm", "description": "On 13 July 2022, the Bank for International Settlements' Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures and the International Organisation of Securities Commissions published the Guidance on the Application of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures to stablecoin arrangements. The document aims to provide clarity regarding the application of the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructure (PFMI) to stablecoin arrangements that are considered systemically important financial m...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-10", "title": "IOSCO Report on Retail Distribution and Digitalisation", "url": "https://www.iosco.org/library/pubdocs/pdf/IOSCOPD715.pdf", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the Board of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) published the “Report on Retail Distribution and Digitalisation” analysing developments in online marketing and distribution of financial products to financial consumers in IOSCO member jurisdictions. The Report highlights that, while the internet potentially improves consumer access to financial products, it also creates new and potentially harmful marketing practices. On the basis of these find...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-14", "title": "GlobalPolicy.AI unites the work of eight international organisations on artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "Globalpolicy.AI is a chance for the OECD to reiterate its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, human rights and democracy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-20", "title": "Webinar: How can Artificial Intelligence help Latin America and the Caribbean fight the COVID-19 virus?", "url": "", "description": "A webinar on the latest developments on how artificial intelligence has helped to combat COVID-19.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-15", "title": "Guidelines on protection of personal data on video calling platforms", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/recomendaciones-para-videollamadas", "description": "The Agencia de Acceso a la Información Pública (AAIP) publishes its recommendations on how to protect personal data on video calling platforms. The AAIP recommends users of video calling platforms to read the privacy policies and conditions and informs them that companies are obliged to ask for written consent in order to process personal data. Also, the AAIP suggests that on some occasions, when the product is \"free\", companies may use user's personal data for other purposes, whereby they ha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-29", "title": "Data protection regulation in Personal Data Protection Bill", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/mensajeyproyecto_leypdp2023.pdf", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the Argentinian data protection agency (AAIP) submitted its definitive draft for a Personal Data Protection Bill, amending the current Personal Data Protection Act No. 25,326, to the Argentinian Congress. The draft Bill is the result of a process of participatory drafting of standards. The Bill introduces definitions for personal data and lists the categories of data that would be classified as sensitive data, including genetic, biometric and financial data. The Bill outlines...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-06-29", "title": "Data transfer regulation in Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/mensajeyproyecto_leypdp2023.pdf", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the Argentinian data protection agency (AAIP) submitted its definitive draft for a Personal Data Protection Bill amending the current Personal Data Protection Act No. 25.326, to the Argentinian Congress. The draft Bill is the result of a process of participatory drafting of standards. The transfers would be allowed to jurisdictions and organizations that provide an adequate level of protection or the data exporter provides adequate safeguards for the processing of personal da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-06-12", "title": "Resolution 244/2022 on maximum fine allocation under the Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/resoluci%C3%B3n-244-2022-376196", "description": "On 6 December 2022, the resolution 244/2022 clarifying the maximum fines that will be applied for data protection requirements violations, enters into force. The Argentinian data protection authority noted that if an infringement occurs more than once or different infringements are counted on the same level, there is an overall limit to the fines. This decision was made to avoid unreasonable fines that would unnecessarily and unproportionately burden the involved entities. The maximum penalt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "Secretariat for Public Innovation Recommendations for Reliable Artificial Intelligence (Provision 2/2023)", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/287679/20230602", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Department for Information Technologies of Argentina's Secretariat for Public Innovation adopted the Recommendations for Reliable Artificial Intelligence ( Provision 2/2023). The Recommendations outline the principles developers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) should follow and their responsibilities. Furthermore, the Recommendations note that developers should ensure the quality and adequacy of the data used in the development of the systems and provide in a transparent a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-04-13", "title": "AAIP investigation into Google's compliance with Law 25.326 on Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/sites/default/files/rs-2020-25457045-apn-aaip_google.pdf", "description": "On 13 April 2020, the Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) concluded its investigation into Google's compliance with Law 25.326 on Personal Data Protection. The AAIP stated that Google violated Law 25.326 due to its refusal to give an individual access to its personal data, violating her data subject rights. The AAIP imposed a fine of AES 280'000, ARS 180'000 on Google Argentina and AES 100'000 on Google LLC.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-15", "title": "Decree 407/2022, implementing the “MICA ORTEGA” Law, establishes a national program for the prevention and awareness of grooming or cyberbullying against children and adolescents.", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-407-2022-368049", "description": "On 15 July 2022, Decree 407/2022, implementing the “MICA ORTEGA” Law, which establishes a national program for the prevention and awareness of grooming or cyberbullying against children and adolescents, entered into force following the publication in the National Bulletin. The Decree requires the incorporation of awareness messages against grooming or cyberbullying against children on devices with internet access and interactive digital platforms. The awareness messages include information on...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Creation of Artificial Intelligence Supervisory Authority in Bill 2505-D-2023 establishing a Legal framework for the Regulation of the development and use of AI", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2023/PDF2023/TP2023/2505-D-2023.pdf", "description": "On 8 June 2023, Bill 2505-D-2023 establishing a Legal framework for the Regulation of the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI), was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill would create a new agency, the Artificial Intelligence Supervisory Authority, to ensure compliance with the requirements outlined in the Bill.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "AAIP investigation into Worldcoin regarding the treatment of personal data", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/avanza-la-investigacion-de-la-aaip-sobre-worldcoin-y-el-uso-de-datos-personales", "description": "On 11 January 2024, the Argentinian Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) announced the advancement of its investigation into the WorldCoin Foundation's processing of personal data. The investigation, which began in August 2023, is examining potential violations of the Law on Protection of Personal Data. Specifically, WorldCoin has been alleged to scan the face and iris of individuals in exchange for monetary compensation in cryptocurrencies. The AAIP has requested additional documen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-19", "title": "G20 Digital Economy Ministers Meeting 2023", "url": "https://www.g20.org/content/dam/gtwenty/gtwenty_new/document/G20_Digital_Economy_Outcome_Document%20_and_Chair%27s_Summary_19082023.pdf", "description": "On 19 August 2023, the Outcome Document and Chair’s Summary of the G20 Digital Economy Ministers Meeting 2023 were released. The meeting led to a consensus on shaping the digital public infrastructure (DPI) as a means to accelerate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). DPI, defined as secure, interoperable digital systems based on open standards, aims to offer accessible services with governance and community engagement at its core. Guiding principles were adopted, highlighting public ben...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "title": "Program for transparency and protection of personal data in the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/293363/20230904", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the Argentine Data Protection Authority adopted the \"Program for transparency and protection of personal data in the use of Artificial Intelligence\". The Program primarily focuses on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and safeguarding citizens' rights concerning personal data protection within this context. It is structured into three main components. The first focuses on establishing an AI observatory to identify AI field leaders, monitor global AI regulatory ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-09", "title": "G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration", "url": "https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/CPV/G20-New-Delhi-Leaders-Declaration.pdf", "description": "On 9 September 2023, the India Ministry of External Affairs published the adopted G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration, which, among other things, addresses Technological Transformation and Digital Public Infrastructure. The G20 parties emphasised their commitment to leveraging technology for inclusive and sustainable development. In the declaration, they emphasised the importance of digital public infrastructure (DPI) and called for secure, interoperable systems that respect privacy rights an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-10", "title": "AAIP Personal Data Protection Self-Assessment Module", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/la-aaip-lanzo-un-modulo-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-personales-para-acompanar-empresas-e", "description": "On 12 October 2023, Argentina's Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) issued a personal data protection module. The module assists entities in understanding their standing, fostering privacy strategies, and ensuring compliance with existing laws. Integrated into the Integrity and Transparency Register for Companies and Entities (RITE), it includes a toolkit with educational content, templates, and model documents. To access the module, a registration is needed with RITE. This initiat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-17", "title": "Establishment of AI Authority in Bill 1472-D-2023 regulating AI systems", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2023/PDF2023/TP2023/1472-D-2023.pdf", "description": "On 17 April 2023, Bill 1472-D-2023 regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) amending National Law 25.467 was submitted to the Argentine Parliament. The Bill aims to regulate AI systems and proposes the establishment of an AI Authority to ensure compliance with the Bill. The Bill outlines values and principles such as diversity and inclusion and peace and justice, which should guide the advancement of AI. The Bill also allows any individual or entity who considers themselves threatened or harme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Bill establishing regulatory sandboxes (Bill No. 3422-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3422-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Bill on Experimental Regulatory Environments System (Regulatory Sandboxes) was introduced at the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill aims to foster innovation by creating controlled environments for testing new technologies, including Artificial Intelligence and other emerging technologies. The Bill targets businesses developing high-impact projects and establishes a framework for participation in the sandbox. The Bill also empowers the implementing authority to pre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-29", "title": "Law Amending the Criminal Code Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create or Manipulate Audiovisual Content (3955-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3955-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 29 July 2024, the Law Amending the Criminal Code Regarding the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Create or Manipulate Audiovisual Content (3955-D-2024) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Law would amend the Argentine criminal code to criminalise the use of artificial intelligence without consent to create or modify audiovisual content which potentially or actually harms a person's personal and professional activities, public reputation, or creates fictitious scenar...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "AAIP Guide for public and private entities on transparency and personal data protection for responsible artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/guia-de-la-aaip-para-usar-la-inteligencia-artificial-de-manera-responsable", "description": "On 30 October 2024, the Agency of Access to Public Information of Argentina closes a consultation on the preliminary Guide for public and private entities on transparency and personal data protection for responsible artificial intelligence (AI). The Guide applies to public and private organisations developing and using AI. The Guide sets out challenges and risks associated with AI. It sets out principles of lawfulness, consent, and transparency and offers recommendations for implementing such...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-18", "title": "G20 Rio de Janeiro Leaders' Declaration", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/l11hh2mb/g20-rio-de-janeiro-leaders-declaration-final.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the G20 leaders issued a declaration addressing global challenges in artificial intelligence (AI). They emphasised the need for a pro-innovation regulatory and governance approach that upholds human rights, transparency, fairness, accountability, safety, ethics, bias mitigation, privacy, and data protection. The declaration called for international cooperation, leveraging the UN and other fora to incorporate perspectives from both developed and developing nations. Discuss...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-05", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Personal Data Protection Bill (S-0644/2025)", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/644.25/S/PL", "description": "On 5 May 2025, the Personal Data Protection Bill (S-0644/2025) was introduced to the Argentine Senate. The Bill would establish obligations on data controllers and processors to implement technical and organisational measures to ensure the security of personal data. These measures would be required to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data, taking into account the nature of processing and associated risks. The Bill would also require the development of incident respo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-05", "title": "Government access to data provisions in Personal Data Protection Bill (S-0644/2025)", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/644.25/S/PL", "description": "On 5 May 2025, the Personal Data Protection Bill (S-0644/2025) was introduced to the Argentine Senate. The Bill would establish rules governing access to personal data by public authorities. Access would be permitted only when based on law and subject to principles of necessity, proportionality, and purpose limitation. As a general rule, such access would require prior judicial authorisation. The Bill would also include provisions for transparency, accountability, and oversight, allowing for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-06", "title": "Informational Protection Act (2894-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=2894-D-2025", "description": "On 3 June 2025, the Bill on Information Protection (Bill no. 2894-D-2025) was introduced to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. The Bill establishes the right of individuals, without discrimination, to protect their honour and receive accurate information, aiming to support informed public opinion while balancing freedom of expression and press. Media outlets are expected to promote pluralism by presenting diverse perspectives on events. The Bill introduces an “information protection action,” ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "title": "Bill on Personal Data Protection in Artificial Intelligence Systems (No. 4243-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.diputados.gov.ar/comisiones/permanentes/caconstitucionales/proyecto.html?exp=4243-D-2025", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the Bill on Personal Data Protection in Artificial Intelligence Systems (No. 4243-D-2025) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill aims to establish a legal regime applicable to the use of personal data of citizens by natural or legal persons that develop, operate, implement, or commercialise artificial intelligence (AI) systems, covering any personal data processing conducted within Argentine territory or targeting persons in Argentina, irrespective of the operat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Argentina-Brazil Memorandum of Understanding on privacy and personal data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/aaip-da-argentina-e-ponte-estrategica-para-anpd-consolidar-atuacao-na-america-do-sul", "description": "On 18 September 2025, Brazil’s National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Argentina’s Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) to boost cooperation in privacy and personal data protection. The MoU applies to entities involved in cross-border data transfers, public consultations, and Artificial Intelligence regulatory sandboxes. It sets a framework for exchanging regulatory experiences, sharing investigation information, conducting joint ins...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-22", "title": "G20 South Africa Summit Leaders' Declaration", "url": "https://dirco.gov.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/2025-G20-Summit-Declaration.pdf", "description": "On 22 November 2025, the Leaders of the Group of 20 (G20) issued a Declaration following the South Africa Summit, addressing Artificial Intelligence (AI), Data Governance, and Innovation for Sustainable Development. The Leaders welcomed the work of the Task Force on AI, Data Governance and Innovation for Sustainable Development (Task Force) and reaffirmed the G20 AI principles, recalling earlier commitments in the New Delhi and Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Declarations. The Declaration identifies ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "Prohibition on the behavioural profiling of minors in Bill for the protection of cognitive autonomy (7344-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/proyectos/detalle_tp_adjunto/index.html?id=289439", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the Bill for the protection of cognitive autonomy (7344-D-2025), including a prohibition on the behavioural profiling of minors, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill regulates “mass-reaching digital platforms”. The phrase refers to any platform that serves as a digital intermediary in Argentina that meets the thresholds of active user volume or billing established by subsequent regulations. The Bill would prohibit the use of intensive behavioural profiling ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "Advancing human-centric AI: Highlights from the 2025 GPAI-Associated Innovation Workshop in Tokyo", "url": "", "description": "Fresh from the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) Tokyo Innovation Workshop 2025, which took place on 28 and 29 May at NICT in Tokyo, Japan, the event brought together over 170 leading voices in AI policy, research, and innovation from all stakeholder groups of GPAI’s expert community. Overlooking the", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进以人为本的人工智能：2025年GPAI东京创新研讨会亮点", "description_zh": "全球人工智能伙伴关系（GPAI）2025年东京创新研讨会于5月28日至29日在日本东京国立信息通信技术研究所（NICT）举行，该活动汇集了来自GPAI专家社群各利益相关方群体的170多位人工智能政策、研究和创新领域的领军声音。overlooking the", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-17", "title": "The OECD Framework for Classifying AI Systems to assess policy challenges and ensure international standards in AI", "url": "", "description": "The classification framework can help policy makers understand and map the affects of AI systems on societies and economies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD人工智能系统分类框架：评估政策挑战并确保人工智能国际标准", "description_zh": "该分类框架可帮助政策制定者理解和映射人工智能系统对社会和经济的影响。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-02", "title": "Measuring compute capacity: a critical step to capturing AI’s full economic potential", "url": "", "description": "To date, many governments do not know how much compute capacity they need to achieve their AI goals.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "测算算力：释放人工智能全部经济潜力的关键一步", "description_zh": "迄今为止，许多政府并不清楚其实现人工智能目标需要多少算力。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-06", "title": "The 2021 AI Index: AI Industrialization and Future Challenges", "url": "", "description": "In 2020, a new class of large-scale AI models emerged in the research community and one fourth of countries have an AI strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2021年人工智能指数：人工智能工业化与未来挑战》", "description_zh": "2020年，研究界出现了一类新的大规模人工智能模型，四分之一的国家已制定人工智能战略。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-25", "title": "What are the tools for implementing trustworthy AI? A comparative framework and database", "url": "", "description": "The framework helps AI practitioners determine which tool fits their use case and how well it supports the OECD AI Principles for trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实施可信人工智能的工具有哪些？一个比较框架和数据库", "description_zh": "该框架帮助人工智能从业者确定哪种工具适合其用例，以及该工具在多大程度上支持OECD可信人工智能原则。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 May 2021", "title": "Investigation into WhatsApp regarding compliance of new privacy policy with data protection laws", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/investigacion-de-oficio-whatsapp", "description": "On May 14, 2021, the National Directorate for the Protection of Personal Data announced the begin of their investigation into WhatsApp regarding the planned WhatsApp privacy updates that were supposed to happen a day later on May 15, 2021. Originally, WhatsApp was planning on implementing the new policy on February 8, 2021, but then pushed that step back until May 15, 2021. More specifically, the NDPDP will take a closer look at the compliance of WhatsApp's new terms & conditions and privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于WhatsApp新隐私政策是否符合数据保护法的调查", "description_zh": "2021年5月14日，国家个人数据保护总局宣布开始对WhatsApp进行调查，涉及原定一天后（2021年5月15日）实施的WhatsApp隐私更新。WhatsApp最初计划于2021年2月8日实施新政策，但随后将该步骤推迟至2021年5月15日。更具体地说，国家个人数据保护总局将仔细审查WhatsApp的新条款和隐私政策的合规性。" }, { "date": "14 February 2021", "title": "Law 27590 establishing the National Program for the Prevention and Awareness of Cyberbullying against Children and Adolescents", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1046.20/S/PL", "description": "On 14 February 2021, Law 27590, previously Bill 1046/20, establishing the National Program for the Prevention and Awareness of Cyberbullying against Children and Adolescents, entered into force. The Law aims to enhance protection for minors through a national educational campaign and enable the establishment by executive order of requirements to include information on grooming and cyberbullying on smart device's home screens.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第27590号法律：设立国家预防和认识针对儿童及青少年网络欺凌计划", "description_zh": "2021年2月14日，第27590号法律（原第1046/20号法案）《设立国家预防和认识针对儿童及青少年网络欺凌计划》生效。该法律旨在通过国家教育活动加强对未成年人的保护，并授权通过行政命令制定要求，在智能手机主屏幕上显示有关诱骗和网络欺凌的信息。" }, { "date": "30 June 2020", "title": "Regulatory framework for digital advertising in Bill 1358/20", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1358.20/S/PL", "description": "Argentinian Bill 1358/20 is introduced, creating a regulatory framework for advertising by social media influencers, including the requirement to disclose information regarding the advertiser where remuneration is received.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第1358/20号法案中的数字广告监管框架", "description_zh": "阿根廷第1358/20号法案提出，为社交媒体网红的广告行为建立监管框架，包括在获得报酬时须披露广告商信息的要求。" }, { "date": "31 July 2020", "title": "Bill 1663/20 establishing Ombudsman for Internet Users and Social Networks", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1663.20/S/PL", "description": "On 31 July 2020, Bill 1663/20, establishing the Ombudsman for Internet Users and Social Networks, was introduced in the Senate of Argentina. The Ombudsman would be required to assist users in adopting positive behaviours on the internet and social networks. The Ombudsman would also work to protect users' freedom of speech and privacy.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第1663/20号法案：设立互联网用户及社交网络监察专员", "description_zh": "2020年7月31日，第1663/20号法案《设立互联网用户及社交网络监察专员》提交至阿根廷参议院。该监察专员须协助用户在互联网和社交网络上采取积极行为。监察专员还将致力于保护用户的言论自由和隐私。" }, { "date": "16 April 2021", "title": "Central Bank of Argentina cybersecurity guidelines (Communication A 7266)", "url": "http://www.bcra.gov.ar/Pdfs/comytexord/A7266.pdf", "description": "The central bank publishes response and recovery guidelines on cyberincidents. The guidelines explicitely target financial instutions and market infrastructures as well as payment account providers but can be adopted by information technology and communication service providers of the financial system. The guidelines cover the planning and preparation, analysis, mitigation, restoration and recovery, coordination and communication of cyberincidents. The latter are defined as events related to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿根廷中央银行网络安全指南（A 7266号通知）", "description_zh": "中央银行发布了网络事件的响应和恢复指南。该指南明确针对金融机构、市场基础设施以及支付账户提供商，但金融系统的信息技术和通信服务提供商也可采用。该指南涵盖网络事件的规划和准备、分析、缓解、恢复和复原、协调和沟通。后者被定义为与……相关的事件。" }, { "date": "5 June 2020", "title": "Bill 848/20 on protection and defense against illegal content on social media platforms", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/848.20/S/PL", "description": "On 6 May 2020, Bill 848/20 was introduced in the Senate of Argentina with the aim of protecting the victims of fake news and hate speech on social network platforms. Particularly, any social network service provider with more than one million users would be required to establish a flagging mechanism to signal illegal speech on the platform. In the case of suspected \"fake news\" speech, the provider would be required to block the illegal content within 7 days of the reception of the complaint. ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第848/20号法案：社交媒体平台非法内容的保护与防御", "description_zh": "2020年5月6日，第848/20号法案提交至阿根廷参议院，旨在保护社交网络平台上虚假新闻和仇恨言论的受害者。特别是，任何拥有超过一百万用户的社交网络服务提供商都必须建立标记机制，以标示平台上的非法言论。在涉嫌“虚假新闻”言论的情况下，提供商须在收到投诉后7天内屏蔽非法内容。" }, { "date": "16 March 2020", "title": "Bill 0811-D-2020, establishing the Ombudsman for Audiences of Audiovisual Communication Services and Users of Information and Communication Technologies", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/proyectos/proyecto.jsp?exp=0811-D-2020", "description": "On 16 March 2020, Bill 0811-D-2020, establishing the Ombudsman for Audiences of Audiovisual Communication Services and Users of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Ombudsman would be required to promote the right to communication, process queries and complaints, promote a national media literacy plan, and report annually to the Bicameral Commission. The Ombudsman would also have the power to issue recommendations to pr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第0811-D-2020号法案：设立视听通信服务受众及信息通信技术用户监察专员", "description_zh": "2020年3月16日，第0811-D-2020号法案《设立视听通信服务受众及信息通信技术（ICTs）用户监察专员》提交至阿根廷众议院。该监察专员须促进通信权、处理查询和投诉、推动国家媒体素养计划，并每年向两院委员会报告。监察专员还将有权向……提出建议。" }, { "date": "28 June 2022", "title": "Civil lawsuit involving the “right to be forgotten” (Denegri v Google)", "url": "https://www.diariojudicial.com/public/documentos/000/103/231/000103231.pdf", "description": "On 28 June 2022, the Supreme Court of Argentina overturned the ruling of the National Court of Civil Appeals that recognised the \"right to be forgotten\" regarding content linked to the past of a public figure that appears in search engines. The Supreme Court ruled that in the case of information related to public figures or persons linked to events of general interest, freedom of expression must prevail over the right to be forgotten. The Court held that any decision ordering the deindexation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉及“被遗忘权”的民事诉讼（Denegri诉Google案）", "description_zh": "2022年6月28日，阿根廷最高法院推翻了国家民事上诉法院的裁决，该裁决承认了关于搜索引擎中出现的与公众人物过去相关内容的“被遗忘权”。最高法院裁定，在涉及公众人物或与公共利益事件相关人员的信息时，言论自由必须优先于被遗忘权。法院认为，任何要求取消索引的裁决……" }, { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "Argentinian ratification of Council of Europe Convention No. 108 on Data Protection", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/276783/20221130", "description": "On 30 November 2022, Law 27699 ratifying the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Council of Europe Convention No 108 on Data Protection) and its Additional Protocol was implemented after being published in the Argentinian Official Gazette. The Convention 108+ outlines principles regarding data protection, such as the individual's right to access, correct and request deletion of personal data. Additionally, Convention 108+ outline...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿根廷批准欧洲委员会第108号《数据保护公约》", "description_zh": "2022年11月30日，第27699号法律《批准关于个人数据自动化处理的个人保护公约（欧洲委员会第108号《数据保护公约》）及其附加议定书》在阿根廷官方公报公布后实施。第108+号公约概述了数据保护原则，例如个人访问、更正和要求删除个人数据的权利。此外，第108+号公约还概述了……" }, { "date": "12 May 2022", "title": "Resolution 240/2022 increasing fines for violation of Personal Data Protection Act requirements", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/277165/20221205", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the resolution (240/2022) establishing the \"serious\" and \"very serious\" offences under Personal Data Protection Act entered into force following its publication in the Official Journal of Argentina. The resolution specifies that the failure to register with the National Registry of Databases before processing personal data will be considered a \"serious\" offence. The \"serious\" offences include processing data for purposes that were not declared, whereas a \"very serious\" of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第240/2022号决议：提高违反《个人数据保护法》要求的罚款", "description_zh": "2022年12月5日，第240/2022号决议在阿根廷官方公报公布后生效，该决议确立了《个人数据保护法》下的“严重”和“非常严重”违法行为。该决议规定，在处理个人数据前未在国家数据库登记册登记的，将被视为“严重”违法行为。“严重”违法行为包括为未申报的目的处理数据，而“非常严重”违法行为……" }, { "date": "16 December 2022", "title": "Resolution No. 255/2022 expanding definition of sensitive data regarding genetic data", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/277889/20221216", "description": "On 16 December 2022, Resolution 255/2022, expanding the definition of sensitive data under the Personal Data Protection Act to include genetic, ethnic and biometric data and outlining the cybersecurity measures to be implemented for processing such data, enters into force following its publication in the official Gazette. The Resolution notes that changes were made due to technological innovation and the growing use of biometric data in the digital economy. In particular, genetic data is defi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第255/2022号决议：扩大敏感数据定义以纳入基因数据", "description_zh": "2022年12月16日，第255/2022号决议在官方公报公布后生效，该决议扩大了《个人数据保护法》下敏感数据的定义，将基因、种族和生物识别数据纳入其中，并概述了处理此类数据应实施的网络安全措施。该决议指出，由于技术创新和生物识别数据在数字经济中日益广泛的使用，作出了相应修改。特别是，基因数据被定义为……" }, { "date": "9 June 2023", "title": "Communication 7724 outlining minimum requirements for the management and control of technology and information security risks", "url": "https://www.bcra.gob.ar/Pdfs/comytexord/A7724.pdf", "description": "On 6 September 2023, Communication 7724 by the Argentine Central Bank (ACB), outlining minimum requirements for the management and control of technology and information security risks for financial institutions, was implemented. The regulated entities must implement governance programs that include risk management, internal policies, continuous evaluation, internal training, and proper documentation of data and security incidents. Furthermore, financial institutions must create a department o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第7724号通知：概述技术和信息安全风险管理的最低要求", "description_zh": "2023年9月6日，阿根廷中央银行（ACB）发布的第7724号通知实施，该通知概述了金融机构技术和信息安全风险管理和控制的最低要求。受监管实体必须实施治理计划，包括风险管理、内部政策、持续评估、内部培训，以及对数据和安全事件的妥善记录。此外，金融机构必须设立一个部门……" }, { "date": "28 January 2020", "title": "AAIP Guidelines on Data Protection Impact Assessments", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/argentina-y-uruguay-lanzan-la-guia-evaluacion-de-impacto-en-la-proteccion-de-datos", "description": "On 28 January 2020, the Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP), in collaboration with the Regulatory and Control Unit for Personal Data of Uruguay, issued Guidelines on Data Protection Impact Assessments. In particular, the Guidelines provide information regarding practices that could affect the individuals' data rights that entities have to consider when conducting a data protection impact assessments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AAIP数据保护影响评估指南", "description_zh": "2020年1月28日，公共信息获取机构（AAIP）与乌拉圭个人数据监管和控制单位联合发布了《数据保护影响评估指南》。特别是，该指南提供了关于可能影响个人数据权利的实践的信息，实体在进行数据保护影响评估时必须考虑这些实践。" }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "Algorithm design and technical standards in Bill 2505-D-2023 establishing a Legal framework for the Regulation of the development and use of AI", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2023/PDF2023/TP2023/2505-D-2023.pdf", "description": "On 8 June 2023, Bill 2505-D-2023 establishing a Legal framework for the Regulation of the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI), was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill would require the development of AI systems to follow fundamental ethical principles, including respect for \"human dignity, privacy, transparency, responsibility and fairness\", and prohibit the use of AI for illegal, discriminatory, malicious purposes or violating human rights. The use of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第2505-D-2023号法案中的人工智能算法设计和技术标准：建立规范人工智能开发和使用的法律框架", "description_zh": "2023年6月8日，第2505-D-2023号法案《建立规范人工智能（AI）开发和使用的法律框架》提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案要求人工智能系统的开发遵循基本伦理原则，包括尊重“人的尊严、隐私、透明、责任和公平”，并禁止将人工智能用于非法、歧视性、恶意目的或侵犯人权的行为。该法案还规定……" }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "Age verification requirement in Bill 2370-D-2023 on protection of personal data and the privacy of children and adolescents in the use and access to digital platforms", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2023/PDF2023/TP2023/2370-D-2023.pdf", "description": "On 1 June 2023, Bill 2370-D-2023 on protection of personal data and the privacy of children and adolescents in the use and access to digital platforms was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill outlines data protection requirements and algorithm design standards for platforms that are used or can be used by children. The Bill applies to providers of digital products or services, including foreign ones, if they are processing the personal data of minors from Argentina. Th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第2370-D-2023号法案中的年龄验证要求：关于保护儿童及青少年在使用和访问数字平台时的个人数据及隐私", "description_zh": "2023年6月1日，第2370-D-2023号法案《关于保护儿童及青少年在使用和访问数字平台时的个人数据及隐私》提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案概述了儿童使用或可能使用的平台的数据保护要求和算法设计标准。该法案适用于数字产品或服务提供商，包括外国提供商，只要其处理来自阿根廷未成年人的个人数据。该法案……" }, { "date": "3 March 2023", "title": "Bill 184/23 on freedom and equality in online social media", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/184.23/S/PL", "description": "On 3 March 2023, Bill 184/23 on freedom and equality in online social media was introduced in the Senate of Argentina. The Bill would require online platforms, including search engines providers, to remove user-generated content only if it receives a formal order issued by a competent judicial authority, it is \"evident and indisputable\" the content is illegal, or its publication would be a crime or a third party is requesting the removal and provides evidence that the content violates her rig...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第184/23号法案：关于在线社交媒体中的自由与平等", "description_zh": "2023年3月3日，第184/23号法案《关于在线社交媒体中的自由与平等》提交至阿根廷参议院。该法案要求在线平台，包括搜索引擎提供商，仅在收到主管司法机构的正式命令、内容“明显且无可争议地”非法、或发布内容将构成犯罪，或第三方要求删除并提供证据证明内容侵犯其权利……时，才删除用户生成的内容。" }, { "date": "22 June 2022", "title": "Bill S-1440/2022 on the protection and defense against the publications of illegal content on platforms of service providers of social networks", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1440.22/S/PL", "description": "On 22 June 2022, Bill S-1440/2022 on the protection and defense against the publications of illegal content on platforms of service providers of social networks was introduced in the Senate of Argentina. The Bill would require online platforms with over one million users to implement a flagging mechanism to report fake news and hate speech on the platform. In the case of suspected \"fake news\" speech, the provider would be required to block the illegal content within 7 days of the reception o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第S-1440/2022号法案：保护及防御社交网络服务提供商平台上非法内容的发布", "description_zh": "2022年6月22日，第S-1440/2022号法案《保护及防御社交网络服务提供商平台上非法内容的发布》提交至阿根廷参议院。该法案要求拥有超过一百万用户的在线平台实施标记机制，以报告平台上的虚假新闻和仇恨言论。在涉嫌“虚假新闻”言论的情况下，提供商须在收到……后7天内屏蔽非法内容。" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Declaration on data scraping and privacy", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "On 28 October 2024, a coalition of 17 global data protection authorities, including from New Zealand, Canada, Australia, China, Argentina and the UK, among others, issued a follow-up statement on data scraping. The statement builds on a joint statement by the authorities in August 2023 urging social media platforms to implement safeguards against data scraping. The statement specifies additional requirements, including that companies must comply with data protection laws when using personal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于数据抓取与隐私的声明", "description_zh": "2024年10月28日，一个由17个全球数据保护机构组成的联盟发布了关于数据抓取的后续声明，这些机构包括来自新西兰、加拿大、澳大利亚、中国、阿根廷和英国等国的机构。该声明建立在各机构2023年8月联合声明的基础上，敦促社交媒体平台实施针对数据抓取的保障措施。该声明明确了额外要求，包括公司在使用个人……时必须遵守数据保护法。" }, { "date": "18 October 2023", "title": "AAIP Resolution 198/2023 approving Ibero-American Data Protection Network Standard Contractual Clauses", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/296189/20231018", "description": "On 18 October 2023, Resolution 198/2023, adopted by the Argentinian Agency of Access to Public Information (AAIP), approving Ibero-American Data Protection Network Standard Contractual Clauses (SCC), entered into force. The SCC can be used for transfers to jurisdictions without an adequate data protection level. The AAIP acknowledges the aim of the SCCs to simplify procedures, converge different tools and establish a common standard to foster international relations and enable data transfers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AAIP第198/2023号决议：批准伊比利亚-美洲数据保护网络标准合同条款", "description_zh": "2023年10月18日，阿根廷公共信息获取机构（AAIP）通过的第198/2023号决议批准伊比利亚-美洲数据保护网络标准合同条款（SCC），该决议生效。标准合同条款可用于向数据保护水平不足的法域进行数据传输。AAIP认可标准合同条款旨在简化程序、整合不同工具并建立共同标准，以促进国际关系并实现数据传输。" }, { "date": "18 October 2023", "title": "Beijing Initiative on the Belt and Road International Digital Economy Cooperation", "url": "http://in.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgxw/202310/P020231020384763082451.pdf", "description": "On 18 October 2023, the Bejing Initiative on the Belt and Road International Digital Economy Cooperation was launched at the Third Belt and Road Forum. The initiative proposed by several states including China, Argentina, Cambodia, Comoros, Cuba, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Palestine, Sao Tome and Principe and Thailand focuses on international digital cooperation. It outlines several objectives, including improving the development and cooperation of digital trade, e-comm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "“一带一路”国际数字经济合作北京倡议", "description_zh": "2023年10月18日，“一带一路”国际数字经济合作北京倡议在第三届“一带一路”论坛上启动。该倡议由中国、阿根廷、柬埔寨、科摩罗、古巴、埃塞俄比亚、冈比亚、肯尼亚、老挝、马来西亚、缅甸、巴勒斯坦、圣多美和普林西比及泰国等国提出，聚焦国际数字合作。该倡议概述了若干目标，包括改善数字贸易和电子商务的发展与合作……" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "AAIP Resolution 38/2024 on poster design model to be used in the case of digital image collection", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/recoleccion-de-imagenes-digitales-la-aaip-aprobo-el-nuevo-cartel-para-facilitar-el-acceso", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Argentine Agency of Access to Public Information (AAIP) Resolution 38/2024 on the poster design model to be used in the case of digital image collection via video cameras entered into force following its publication in the Official Bulletin. The poster is designed to provide citizens with easy access to the contact details of the data processing officer and the AAIP's communication channels. The poster includes the name, address, website, email, and contact number of t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AAIP第38/2024号决议：关于通过摄像机进行数字图像采集时使用的海报设计范本", "description_zh": "2024年2月2日，阿根廷公共信息获取机构（AAIP）第38/2024号决议在官方公报公布后生效，该决议规定了通过摄像机进行数字图像采集时使用的海报设计范本。该海报旨在使公民能够方便地获取数据处理员的联系信息和AAIP的沟通渠道。海报包括姓名、地址、网站、电子邮件和联系电话……" }, { "date": "17 April 2023", "title": "Registration Requirement in Bill 1472-D-2023 regulating AI systems", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2023/PDF2023/TP2023/1472-D-2023.pdf", "description": "On 17 April 2023, Bill 1472-D-2023 regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) amending National Law 25.467 was submitted to the Argentine Parliament. The Bill seeks to establish principles and values for the ethical operation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and introduces a registration requirement for AI systems at any stage of their life cycle. The Bill also empowers the competent authority to suspend any AI system that violates these principles and values and allows any individual or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第1472-D-2023号法案中的登记要求：规范人工智能系统", "description_zh": "2023年4月17日，第1472-D-2023号法案《规范人工智能（AI）并修订第25.467号国家法律》提交至阿根廷议会。该法案旨在为人工智能（AI）系统的伦理运行确立原则和价值观，并引入了人工智能系统在其生命周期任何阶段的登记要求。该法案还授权主管机构暂停任何违反这些原则和价值观的人工智能系统，并允许任何个人或……" }, { "date": "5 February 2024", "title": "Hiroshima AI Process Friends Group", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/hiroshimaaiprocess/en/index.html", "description": "On 2 May 2024, the Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) issued an update on the adoption of more than 40 countries of the Hiroshima AI Process Comprehensive Policy Framework, establishing the Hiroshima AI Process Friends Group. The Framework, initiated in May 2023 following the G7 Hiroshima Summit, was established to address the rapid development of generative AI and discuss measures to ensure the safe, secure, and trustworthy development of AI. The signatory countries ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "广岛人工智能进程之友小组", "description_zh": "2024年5月2日，日本总务省（MIC）发布了关于40多个国家通过《广岛人工智能进程综合政策框架》并建立广岛人工智能进程之友小组的最新情况。该框架于2023年5月在G7广岛峰会后启动，旨在应对生成式人工智能的快速发展，并讨论确保人工智能安全、可靠和可信发展的措施。签署国……" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Resolution requesting reports from executive branch on the prevention and control actions provided by the Ministry of National Security related to the activities of Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/2385-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Resolution requesting reports from the executive branch on activities of the Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity (Deputies File 2385-D-2024) was introduced to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. The resolution aims to address the executive branch regarding the activities of companies Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity, which involve obtaining biometric data from residents through iris scanning. The resolution requests information from the Ministry of Nation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求行政部门就国家安全部针对Worldcoin基金会和Tools for Humanity活动所采取的预防和管控行动提交报告的决议", "description_zh": "2024年5月17日，要求行政部门就Worldcoin基金会和Tools for Humanity活动提交报告的决议（议员文件2385-D-2024）提交至阿根廷众议院。该决议旨在就Worldcoin基金会和Tools for Humanity公司的活动向行政部门提出质询，这些活动涉及通过虹膜扫描获取居民的生物识别数据。该决议要求国家安全部提供信息……" }, { "date": "6 January 2024", "title": "AAIP Resolution 126/2024 on approval of registers and sanctions in Law No. 25.326", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/308122/20240524", "description": "On 1 June 2024, Resolution 126/2024 adopted by the Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP), enters into force. The resolution establishes the classification of violations and the regime for grading sanctions for violations of Law No. 25,326. Additionally, it creates the national \"Do Not Call\" Registry, its management system, the procedure for the registration, cancellation, and change of ownership of telephone lines, and the form for requesting consultation of those registered in the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AAIP第126/2024号决议：关于批准第25.326号法律中的登记册和处罚措施", "description_zh": "2024年6月1日，公共信息获取机构（AAIP）通过的第126/2024号决议生效。该决议确立了违反第25,326号法律行为的分类以及处罚分级制度。此外，该决议设立了国家“请勿来电”登记册、其管理系统、电话线路登记、注销和所有权变更程序，以及申请查询登记册中人员的表格……" }, { "date": "5 July 2024", "title": "Law for Preventing Gambling Addiction", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/2117-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 7 May 2024, the Bill for Preventing Gambling Addiction was introduced to the Argentine Parliament. The Bill aims at raising awareness about gambling addictions and developing prevention and intervention strategies. The Bill would require websites to publish a health warning message informing about the negative consequences of gambling. Additionally, the Bill would restrict the online advertising and promotion of games of chance.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《预防赌博成瘾法》", "description_zh": "2024年5月7日，《预防赌博成瘾法案》提交至阿根廷议会。该法案旨在提高对赌博成瘾的认识，并制定预防和干预策略。该法案要求网站发布健康警示信息，告知赌博的负面后果。此外，该法案将限制在线广告和机会游戏的推广。" }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Local content requirement in Act amending Bill 26522 on Audiovisual Communication on Digital Platforms including national production quotas", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/1916-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Act amending Bill 26522 on Audiovisual Communication on Digital Platforms, including local content requirement, was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Act would introduce several amendments to the Audiovisual Communication Services Bill 26522. It defines new categories such as subscription broadcasting, on-demand audiovisual services, live and linear content distribution, and digital content distribution services. These definitions aim to encompass m...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第26522号法案修正案中的本地内容要求：关于数字平台上的视听通信，包括国产配额", "description_zh": "2024年4月29日，《关于数字平台上视听通信的第26522号法案修正案》（包括本地内容要求）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案将对《视听通信服务法案》第26522号进行若干修订。它定义了新类别，如订阅广播、点播视听服务、直播和线性内容分发以及数字内容分发服务。这些定义旨在涵盖更……" }, { "date": "6 October 2024", "title": "Design requirement in Bill 3003-D-2024 establishing a legal framework for the regulation of the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3003-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 10 June 2024, Bill 3003-D-2024, establishing a legal framework for the regulation of the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill would establish a legal framework for the responsible use of AI in Argentina, safeguarding citizens' rights and promoting ethical and transparent AI applications. It draws on similar regulatory efforts in the EU, US, UK, OECD, UNESCO, and Latin American countries such as Peru, Mexico, and C...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第3003-D-2024号法案中的设计要求：建立规范人工智能负责任使用的法律框架", "description_zh": "2024年6月10日，第3003-D-2024号法案《建立规范人工智能（AI）负责任使用的法律框架》提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案将为阿根廷人工智能的负责任使用建立法律框架，保障公民权利并促进伦理和透明的人工智能应用。它借鉴了欧盟、美国、英国、OECD、UNESCO以及秘鲁、墨西哥和哥伦比亚等拉美国家的类似监管努力……" }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "Bill requiring watermarking in audiovisual content created with AI representing persons", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/959.24/S/PL", "description": "On 31 May 3024, the Bill requiring watermarking in audiovisual content created with AI representing persons (S-0959/2024) was introduced in the Senate. The Bill would require the National Communications Entity (ENACOM) to annually prepare and present to the National Congress a detailed report on technologies used for digital content falsification, such as deepfakes. The report must cover the technologies, algorithms, and platforms used and assess the potential risks these technologies pose to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求在人工智能生成的代表人物的视听内容中添加水印的法案", "description_zh": "2024年5月31日，要求在人工智能生成的代表人物的视听内容中添加水印的法案（S-0959/2024）提交至参议院。该法案要求国家通信实体（ENACOM）每年编制并向国会提交一份关于用于数字内容伪造技术（如deepfakes）的详细报告。报告必须涵盖所使用的技术、算法和平台，并评估这些技术对……构成的潜在风险。" }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "Bill on Digital Identity (Bill No. 3720-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3720-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 11 July 2024, the Bill on Digital Identity addressing digital identity crimes was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill addresses unauthorised dissemination of intimate images, digital harassment, and identity impersonation. The Bill also introduces penalties ranging from six months to two years for such offences, with aggravated punishments for crimes involving, for example, minors, women, or the use of false identities. The Bill also amends the existing Penal Code ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《数字身份法案》（第3720-D-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年7月11日，针对数字身份犯罪的《数字身份法案》提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案涉及未经授权传播亲密图像、数字骚扰和身份冒充。该法案还对此类犯罪行为处以六个月至两年不等的刑罚，对涉及未成年人、女性或使用虚假身份等犯罪情形加重处罚。该法案还修订了现有的《刑法典》……" }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Bill on digitally retouched advertising (Bill No. 1181-S-2024)", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1181.24/S/PL", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Bill on digitally retouched advertising was introduced in the Senate of Argentina. The Bill regulates advertising that uses images retouched through digital tools or artificial intelligence, requiring that all such advertisements include a visible disclaimer stating that the image of the human person has been digitally retouched and/or modified. The Bill mandates that the disclaimer must be clear in graphical advertisements and displayed long enough in audio-visual advert...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《数字修饰广告法案》（第1181-S-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年7月10日，《数字修饰广告法案》提交至阿根廷参议院。该法案规范使用数字工具或人工智能修饰图像的广告，要求所有此类广告包含可见的免责声明，说明人物形象已经过数字修饰和/或修改。该法案规定，免责声明在平面广告中必须清晰，在视听广告中必须显示足够长的时间……" }, { "date": "7 December 2024", "title": "Bill on Freedom of Expression, the Right to Information, and the Exchange of Ideas on Social Networks and Internet Search Engines (Bill No. 1193-S-2024)", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.ar/parlamentario/comisiones/verExp/1193.24/S/PL", "description": "On 12 July 2024, the Bill on Freedom of Expression, the Right to Information, and the Exchange of Ideas on Social Networks and Internet Search Engines was introduced in the Senate of Argentina. The Bill applies to online social networks and internet search engines operating within Argentina, targeting both horizontal and vertical platforms. The Bill imposes obligations on social networks, which are only allowed to remove content in cases of judicial orders, evident criminal activity, third-pa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《社交网络与互联网搜索引擎上的言论自由、信息权和思想交流法案》（第1193-S-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年7月12日，《社交网络与互联网搜索引擎上的言论自由、信息权和思想交流法案》提交至阿根廷参议院。该法案适用于在阿根廷境内运营的在线社交网络和互联网搜索引擎，针对横向和纵向平台。该法案对社交网络施加了义务，仅允许在司法命令、明显犯罪活动、第三方……情况下删除内容。" }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "FSB Recommendations to Promote Alignment and Interoperability Across Data Frameworks Related to Cross-Border Payments", "url": "https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P16072-1.pdf", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the Financial Stability Board closes a public consultation on Recommendations to Promote Alignment and Interoperability Across Data Frameworks Related to Cross-border Payments. The Recommendations are relevant to financial institutions, payment service providers, and third parties involved in cross-border payments, collectively referred to as cross-border payments market participants, who must adhere to various data frameworks governing the collection, storage, and manage...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "金融稳定理事会关于促进跨境支付相关数据框架协调与互操作性的建议", "description_zh": "2024年9月9日，金融稳定理事会（FSB）结束了关于促进跨境支付相关数据框架协调与互操作性的建议的公众咨询。这些建议适用于金融机构、支付服务提供商以及参与跨境支付的第三方，统称为跨境支付市场参与者，他们必须遵守管理数据收集、存储和管理……的各种数据框架。" }, { "date": "8 September 2024", "title": "Cartagena de Indias Declaration for Governance, the construction of AI ecosystems and the promotion of AI education in an Ethical and Responsible manner in Latin America and the Caribbean", "url": "https://www.minciencia.gob.cl/noticias/subsecretaria-gainza-en-cumbre-de-ia-en-colombia-la-gobernanza-no-es-solo-regulacion-y-marcos-legales-sino-que-principalmente-tiene-que-ver-con-perspectivas-y-principios/", "description": "On 9 August 2024, the “Cartagena de Indias Declaration for Governance, the construction of AI ecosystems and the promotion of AI education in an Ethical and Responsible manner in Latin America and the Caribbean” was signed by the governments of 16 countries of the region (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Curacao, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Surinam, and Uruguay). The Declaration states the commitment to promote AI governance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《卡塔赫纳宣言》：以伦理和负责任的方式在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区推进人工智能治理、生态系统建设及教育", "description_zh": "2024年8月9日，该地区16个国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、库拉索、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、苏里南和乌拉圭）的政府签署了《卡塔赫纳宣言：以伦理和负责任的方式在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区推进人工智能治理、生态系统建设及教育》。该声明承诺促进人工智能治理……" }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "ICO joint statement on a common international approach to age assurance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/joint-statement-on-a-common-international-approach-to-age-assurance/", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published a joint statement on a common international approach to age assurance. The joint statement is signed by the ICO, alongside privacy regulatory bodies from Gibraltar, the Philippines, Canada, Argentina, and Mexico. The joint statement sets out a number of principles which must be observed to ensure that data protection is safeguarded in the implementation of age assurance. Principles include lawfulness of personal inform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室（ICO）关于年龄验证共同国际方法的联合声明", "description_zh": "2024年9月6日，信息专员办公室（ICO）发布了一份关于年龄验证共同国际方法的联合声明。该联合声明由ICO与直布罗陀、菲律宾、加拿大、阿根廷和墨西哥的隐私监管机构共同签署。该联合声明列出了在实施年龄验证时必须遵守的若干原则，以确保数据保护得到保障。原则包括个人信息的合法性……" }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "G20 Maceio Ministerial Declaration on Digital Inclusion", "url": "https://g7g20-documents.org/database/document/2024-g20-brazil-sherpa-track-digital-economy-ministers-ministers-language-g20-dewg-maceio-ministerial-declaration", "description": "On 13 September 2024, the Maceió Ministerial Declaration on Digital Inclusion was adopted by the G20 Ministers responsible for Digital Economy. The Declaration affirms the participants' commitments to achieve universal and meaningful connectivity by addressing affordability, accessibility, and digital literacy. The Declaration also includes commitments to digital public infrastructure, the integrity of online information, and the use of AI for inclusive sustainable development. Specifically, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G20马塞约数字包容部长级宣言", "description_zh": "2024年9月13日，G20数字经济部长通过了《马塞约数字包容部长级宣言》。该宣言确认了与会者通过解决可负担性、可及性和数字素养来实现普遍且有意义的互联互通的承诺。该宣言还包括对数字公共基础设施、在线信息完整性以及利用人工智能促进包容性可持续发展的承诺。特别是……" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "Bill to amend Penal Code criminalising production or distribution of AI-generated child abuse images (No. 327-D-2024)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/diputados/mhuesen/proyecto.html?exp=5327-D-2024", "description": "On 19 September 2024, the Bill to amend the Penal Code criminalising the production or distribution of AI-generated child abuse images (No. 327-D-2024) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill seeks to criminalise the production, distribution, and possession of child abuse images or videos created or manipulated using artificial intelligence (AI). It aims to address the increasing misuse of AI in generating explicit sexual representations of minors, including the modification of im...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《刑法典修正案》：将制作或传播人工智能生成的儿童虐待图像定为犯罪（第327-D-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年9月19日，《刑法典修正案：将制作或传播人工智能生成的儿童虐待图像定为犯罪》（第327-D-2024号法案）提交至众议院。该法案旨在将使用人工智能（AI）制作或操纵的儿童虐待图像或视频的制作、传播和持有定为犯罪。其目的是应对人工智能在生成未成年人露骨性表征方面日益严重的滥用，包括修改图像……" }, { "date": "26 March 2024", "title": "Intellectual property rights in AI Regulatory Framework (Turing Law/Bill no. 1013-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/1013-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulatory Framework (Turing Law/Bill no. 1013-D-2024) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill distinguishes between human-made, AI-generated, and AI-assisted works, specifying that only human-made works receive IP protection.", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能监管框架中的知识产权（图灵法案/第1013-D-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年3月26日，人工智能（AI）监管框架（图灵法案/第1013-D-2024号法案）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案区分了人类创作的作品、人工智能生成的作品和人工智能辅助的作品，规定仅人类创作的作品可获得知识产权保护。" }, { "date": "26 March 2024", "title": "Criminalisation of AI-related sexual abuse in AI Regulatory Framework (Turing Law/1013-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/1013-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulatory Framework (Turing Law/Bill no. 1013-D-2024) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill amends the penal code to criminalise the non-consensual creation or distribution of AI-generated explicit content, with additional penalties in cases involving minors or if the material is used for extortion or harassment.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能监管框架中将人工智能相关性侵犯罪化（图灵法案/第1013-D-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "2024年3月26日，人工智能（AI）监管框架（图灵法案/第1013-D-2024号法案）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案修订《刑法典》，将未经同意制作或传播人工智能生成的露骨内容定为犯罪，对涉及未成年人或将材料用于勒索或骚扰的情形加重处罚。" }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Measures establishing AI Advisory Council in Bill on algorithmic responsibility and the promotion of robotics, green algorithms and artificial intelligence (0805-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/0805-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Bill on algorithmic responsibility and the promotion of robotics, green algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) (0805-D-2024) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill aims to establish regulatory frameworks for artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithmic accountability, including promoting green algorithms and robotics initiatives. The Bill establishes requirements for documentation, explainability of AI decision-making, and transparency prot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第0805-D-2024号法案中设立人工智能咨询委员会的措施：关于算法责任及促进机器人技术、绿色算法和人工智能", "description_zh": "2024年3月18日，第0805-D-2024号法案《关于算法责任及促进机器人技术、绿色算法和人工智能（AI）》提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案旨在为人工智能（AI）和算法问责制建立监管框架，包括促进绿色算法和机器人技术倡议。该法案确立了文档记录、人工智能决策可解释性以及透明性保护的要求……" }, { "date": "12 September 2024", "title": "Guidance on Personal Data Protection Practices of Minors in Digital Environments", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/nuestro-mundo-digital-la-aaip-lanzo-dos-guias-para-fortalecer-la-proteccion-de-datos-de", "description": "On 9 December 2024, the Argentinian National Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) published two guides aimed at strengthening personal data protection practices for teenagers on online platforms. These guides are designed to improve recognition of privacy risks and adopt effective strategies to mitigate them. They also provide parents and educators with practical tools and pedagogical approaches to support teenagers in navigating digital environments safely.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字环境中未成年人个人数据保护实践指南", "description_zh": "2024年12月9日，阿根廷国家公共信息获取机构（AAIP）发布了两份指南，旨在加强在线平台上青少年的个人数据保护实践。这些指南旨在提高对隐私风险的认识，并采取有效策略加以缓解。它们还为家长和教育工作者提供了实用工具和教学方法，以支持青少年安全地浏览数字环境。" }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill on safe digital environments for children and adolescents (Bill 5379-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/5379-D-2024.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the Bill on safe digital environments for children and adolescents including data protection regulation was introduced at the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina. The Bill emphasises that companies offering digital products or services accessible to children and adolescents must prioritise their privacy, dignity, and security over commercial interests when conflicts arise. It also mandates that default privacy settings should be high, unless the company can justify a differ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第5379-D-2024号法案中的数据保护法规：关于儿童及青少年安全数字环境", "description_zh": "2024年9月20日，《关于儿童及青少年安全数字环境法案》（包括数据保护法规）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案强调，当冲突出现时，向儿童及青少年提供可访问的数字产品或服务的公司必须将他们的隐私、尊严和安全置于商业利益之上。该法案还规定，默认隐私设置应为高，除非公司能够证明不同的设置是合理的……" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Bill on amending data protection law (1948-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=1948-D-2025", "description": "On 29 April 2025, the proposed Bill on amending data protection law (1948-D-2025) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. This Bill incorporates cybersecurity regulations, requiring data controllers and processors to implement necessary technical and organisational measures to ensure personal data security and prevent security incidents. It mandates the reporting of such incidents to relevant authorities and affected individuals within 72 hours of becoming aware of the incident. If the res...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第1948-D-2025号数据保护法修正案中的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2025年4月29日，提出的《数据保护法修正案》（第1948-D-2025号法案）提交至众议院。该法案纳入了网络安全法规，要求数据控制者和处理者实施必要的技术和组织措施，以确保个人数据安全并防止安全事件。该法案要求在发现事件后72小时内向相关机构和受影响个人报告此类事件。如果……" }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "Bill on modification of Article 2 of Law 26.637 incorporating computer crimes, digital evidence, and chain of custody (3904-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=3904-D-2025", "description": "On 21 July 2025, the Bill No. 3904-D-2025 was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill aims to amend Article 2 of Law No. 26.637, under the title Bank Security – Modification of Article 2 Incorporating Computer Crimes, Digital Evidence and Chain of Custody. The Bill mandates financial institutions and payment service providers, as defined by the Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (BCRA), to adopt both physical and digital security measures to protect individuals, assets, and sensit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第3904-D-2025号法案：修订第26.637号法律第2条，纳入计算机犯罪、数字证据和保管链", "description_zh": "2025年7月21日，第3904-D-2025号法案提交至众议院。该法案旨在修订第26.637号法律第2条，题为《银行安全——修订第2条以纳入计算机犯罪、数字证据和保管链》。该法案要求阿根廷共和国中央银行（BCRA）定义的金融机构和支付服务提供商采取物理和数字安全措施，以保护个人、资产和敏感……" }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Bill to establish special legal action to protect individuals' image rights against unauthorised content generated by AI (Bill no. 5945-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=5945-D-2025", "description": "On 16 October 2025, the Bill to establish special legal action to protect individuals’ image rights against unauthorised content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced to Argentina’s Chamber of Deputies. The Bill establishes a special legal action to protect individuals’ image rights against unauthorised content generated by artificial intelligence or similar technologies. It allows affected persons, their representatives, or heirs to file a claim digitally before any first-...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第5945-D-2025号法案：设立特别法律行动，保护个人形象权免受人工智能生成的未经授权内容侵害", "description_zh": "2025年10月16日，《设立特别法律行动以保护个人形象权免受人工智能（AI）生成的未经授权内容侵害的法案》（第5945-D-2025号法案）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案设立了一项特别法律行动，以保护个人形象权免受人工智能或类似技术生成的未经授权内容的侵害。它允许受影响者、其代表或继承人通过数字方式向任何一审……提起诉讼。" }, { "title": "Measures recognising US as an adequate jurisdiction for cross-border data transfers in US-Argentina Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and Investment", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/february/ambassador-greer-signs-united-states-argentina-agreement-reciprocal-trade-and-investment", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the United States and Argentina signed the Reciprocal Trade and Investment Agreement, which includes cross-border data transfer regulations. Under the agreement, Argentina committed to recognising the United States as a jurisdiction providing adequate data protection for cross-border data transfers purposes. Further, Argentina agreed to submit its letter of intent to participate as an Associate in the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum and to participate in the Global...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美阿互惠贸易与投资协定》中将美国认定为跨境数据传输充分法域的措施", "description_zh": "2026年2月5日，美国和阿根廷签署了《互惠贸易与投资协定》，其中包括跨境数据传输法规。根据该协定，阿根廷承诺将美国认定为为跨境数据传输目的提供充分数据保护的法域。此外，阿根廷同意提交其作为准成员参与全球跨境隐私规则论坛的意向书，并参与全球……" }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Agency for Access to Public Information investigation into alleged data breach", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/la-aaip-inicio-una-investigacion-de-oficio-ante-presunta-filtracion-masiva-de-datos", "description": "On 19 December 2025, the Agency for Access to Public Information (AAIP) initiated an investigation on its own initiative into an alleged massive leak of personal data of citizens. The AAIP, acting as the authority for Law No. 25,326 on the Protection of Personal Data, launched the inquiry following public reports of a security incident. The investigation aims to identify the entities responsible for processing the compromised data, determine the specific databases involved, and verify whether...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "公共信息获取机构对涉嫌数据泄露事件的调查", "description_zh": "2025年12月19日，公共信息获取机构（AAIP）主动启动了对涉嫌大规模公民个人数据泄露事件的调查。AAIP作为第25,326号《个人数据保护法》的执行机构，在公众报告安全事件后启动了调查。调查旨在确定处理受损数据的责任实体、确定涉及的具体数据库，并核实是否……" }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in United States-Argentina Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and Investment (ARTI)", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/february/ambassador-greer-signs-united-states-argentina-agreement-reciprocal-trade-and-investment", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the United States and Argentina signed the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade and Investment (ARTI). The Agreement provides for cooperation between the Parties to address cybersecurity challenges in the context of facilitating bilateral digital trade. This cooperation is framed as part of the Agreement’s digital trade provisions and does not establish specific technical standards or binding cybersecurity obligations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美阿互惠贸易与投资协定》（ARTI）中的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2026年2月5日，美国和阿根廷签署了《互惠贸易与投资协定》（ARTI）。该协定规定双方在促进双边数字贸易的背景下合作应对网络安全挑战。该合作作为协定数字贸易条款的一部分，并未确立具体的技术标准或具有约束力的网络安全义务。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Consumer protection authority governance in Bill for the protection of cognitive autonomy (7344-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/proyectos/detalle_tp_adjunto/index.html?id=289439", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the Bill for the protection of cognitive autonomy (7344-D-2025), including consumer protection authority governance, was introduced to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. The Bill designates the Agency for Access to Public Information as the Enforcement Authority, operating with technical independence to oversee mass algorithmic recommendation systems, a term not defined in the Bill’s text. The Agency would administer a National Registry of Mass Algorithmic Recommendation ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第7344-D-2025号法案中保护认知自主权的消费者保护机构治理", "description_zh": "2026年2月20日，《保护认知自主权法案》（第7344-D-2025号法案）（包括消费者保护机构治理）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案指定公共信息获取机构为执法机构，以技术独立性运作，监督大规模算法推荐系统（该法案文本中未定义该术语）。该机构将管理国家大规模算法推荐登记册……" }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Design requirement in Bill on preventive mental health regime in digital environments (7340-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/clgeneral/proyecto.html?exp=7340-D-2025", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Bill Preventive Mental Health Regime in Digital Environments (7340-D-2025) was introduced to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would establish design obligations for digital platforms aimed at reducing mental health risks associated with algorithmic recommendation systems, with particular focus on children and adolescents. It would apply to platforms established in Argentina and to foreign platforms targeting the Argentine market with more than 100’000 month...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第7340-D-2025号法案中的设计要求：关于数字环境中的预防性心理健康制度", "description_zh": "2026年2月19日，《数字环境中的预防性心理健康制度法案》（第7340-D-2025号法案）提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案将为数字平台确立设计义务，旨在降低与算法推荐系统相关的心理健康风险，特别关注儿童和青少年。该法案适用于在阿根廷设立的平台以及针对阿根廷市场、月活跃用户超过10万的外国平台……" }, { "title": "Worker monitoring regulation in Legal Framework for algorithmic management of work on digital platforms (7238-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/clgeneral/proyecto.html?exp=7238-D-2025", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Legal Framework for the Algorithmic Management of Work on Digital Platforms (7238-D-2025) was introduced to the Argentine National Congress. The Bill would apply to digital platform companies operating in Argentina that intermediate delivery, messaging, distribution, or passenger transport services. The Bill would regulate the use of algorithmic systems for task allocation, performance evaluation, suspension, and deactivation of workers. The Bill would require platform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第7238-D-2025号法案中的劳动者监控法规：数字平台工作算法管理法律框架", "description_zh": "2026年2月6日，《数字平台工作算法管理法律框架》（第7238-D-2025号法案）提交至阿根廷国会。该法案适用于在阿根廷运营并中介配送、 messaging、分销或客运服务的数字平台公司。该法案将规范算法系统在任务分配、绩效评估、暂停和停用劳动者方面的使用。该法案要求平台……" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Financial Action Task Force report on regulatory recommendations for stablecoins and unhosted wallets", "url": "https://www.fatf-gafi.org/content/dam/fatf-gafi/publications/targeted-report-on-stablecoins-and-unhosted-wallets.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf", "description": "On 3 March 2026, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) published a report on stablecoins, focusing on their use in peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions via unhosted wallets. The report notes that by mid-2025, over 250 stablecoins were in circulation, with a total market capitalisation exceeding USD 300 billion. It identifies stablecoins as increasingly used in illicit activities, including money laundering and terrorism financing. The report encourages jurisdictions to implement legal frameworks ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融行动特别工作组关于稳定币和非托管钱包监管建议的报告", "description_zh": "2026年3月3日，金融行动特别工作组（FATF）发布了一份关于稳定币的报告，重点关注其在通过非托管钱包进行的点对点（P2P）交易中的使用。报告指出，截至2025年中期，已有超过250种稳定币在流通，总市值超过3000亿美元。报告指出稳定币越来越多地被用于非法活动，包括洗钱和恐怖主义融资。该报告鼓励各法域实施法律框架……" }, { "title": "Protocolo para el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en el Poder Judicial de Jujuy", "url": "https://www.justiciajujuy.gov.ar/index.php/jurisprudencia/resoluciones-y-acordadas/acordadas-2025/1109-resolucion-n-31-2025", "description": "AI law in Argentina: Jujuy's AI Protocol, approved in 2025, guides the ethical and efficient integration of AI in its judicial system, ensuring transparency, data protection, and human oversight....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "胡胡伊省司法部门人工智能使用协议", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：胡胡伊省于2025年批准的人工智能协议，指导人工智能在其司法系统中的伦理和高效融合，确保透明性、数据保护和人工监督……" }, { "title": "Resolución 1486/2025 – Implementación de un Asistente Virtual con Inteligencia Artificial en el Portal de Gestión de Causas (Poder Judicial de la Nación / Consejo de la Magistratura)", "url": "https://consejomagistratura.gov.ar/index.php/2025/09/03/avanza-la-implementacion-de-un-asistente-virtual-con-inteligencia-artificial-en-el-poder-judicial/", "description": "AI law in Argentina: Resolution 1486/2025 authorises and approves the development and pilot deployment of an AI-powered Virtual Assistant integrated into the Poder Judicial de la Nación's Case Management Portal (Lex100) to provide automated responses to frequent queries and support operational efficiency. The measure establishes a staged pilot, oversight and technical responsibilities for the Council's IT and training units, and mandates human fallback, logging and confidentiality for the testing phase. (revistaquorum.com.ar)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第1486/2025号决议——在案件管理门户中实施人工智能虚拟助理（国家司法权力机构/司法委员会）", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：第1486/2025号决议授权并批准开发和试点部署一款集成至国家司法权力机构案件管理门户（Lex100）的人工智能虚拟助理，以提供常见查询的自动回复并支持运营效率。该措施确立了分阶段试点、委员会信息技术部门和培训部门的监督和技术责任，并规定在测试阶段必须设置人工后备、日志记录和保密措施。（revistaquorum.com.ar）……" }, { "title": "Protocolo para el Uso Responsable de Inteligencia Artificial Generativa en el Poder Judicial de Santa Fe", "url": "https://www.justiciasantafe.gov.ar/index.php/circular-nro-25-guia-de-buenas-practicas-para-el-uso-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-generativa/", "description": "AI law in Argentina: The Santa Fe Judicial Power's protocol provides guidelines for the responsible and ethical use of generative AI, ensuring human oversight and protecting fundamental rights....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣菲省司法部门负责任使用生成式人工智能协议", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：圣菲省司法部门的协议为生成式人工智能的负责任和伦理使用提供了指南，确保人工监督并保护基本权利……" }, { "title": "Protocol for the Judicial Use of Artificial Intelligence in San Luis Province", "url": "https://www.justiciasanluis.gov.ar/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ACUERDO-N%C2%B0-202-STJSL-SA-2024.pdf", "description": "AI law in Argentina: The San Luis Province judiciary has implemented an AI protocol, integrating IURIX Mind to assist human magistrates while ensuring data protection and ethical use....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣路易斯省司法人工智能使用协议", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：圣路易斯省司法部门已实施一项人工智能协议，整合IURIX Mind以协助人类法官，同时确保数据保护和伦理使用……" }, { "title": "San Juan AI Judicial Protocol", "url": "https://www.jussanjuan.gov.ar/acuerdos/acuer-dos-generales/acuerdo-general-n-102-2024/", "description": "AI law in Argentina: A regulatory framework for the ethical and technical implementation of AI within the judicial branch of San Juan, Argentina.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣胡安人工智能司法协议", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：阿根廷圣胡安省司法部门内人工智能伦理和技术实施的监管框架。" }, { "title": "Protocolo de Buenas Prácticas para el uso de Inteligencia Artificial Generativa", "url": "https://www.justicia.gov.ar/sitios/rionegro/files/Acordada-15-2024-Protocolo-de-buenas-practicas-para-el-uso-de-Inteligencia-Artificial-Generativa-IAGen.pdf", "description": "AI law in Argentina: The Río Negro Protocol establishes guidelines for the ethical use of generative AI in the judicial branch, ensuring human oversight, data protection, and prohibiting AI-driven judicial decisions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式人工智能使用良好实践协议", "description_zh": "阿根廷人工智能法律：内格罗河省协议确立了司法部门生成式人工智能伦理使用的指南，确保人工监督、数据保护，并禁止由人工智能驱动的司法裁决……" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Ortiz Fatima Cecilia v. Booking.com y otros", "url": "/documents/1477/Booking_Juz_Civil___Sanci%C3%B3n_IA.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the JCC de Tucumán. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not verify the cited precedent; provided links were unclear or redirected to other cases and the decision was not found in databases. Outcome: Monetary sanction, bar referral, adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ortiz Fatima Cecilia诉Booking.com等案", "description_zh": "律师出现在图库曼省JCC。伪造：判例法 | 法院无法核实所引用的先例；提供的链接不明确或重定向至其他案件，且未在数据库中找到该判决。结果：经济处罚、律师协会转介、不利费用命令。", "court": "JCC de Tucumán", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction, bar referral, adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "620000 ARS", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 December 2025", "title": "A.M., F.A. c/ C.N.H y otros", "url": "/documents/1429/A.M._F.A._c._C._N.H_y_Otros_Argentina_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Río Negro. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this STJ Río Negro decision as supporting objective liability; court could not locate the precedent and determined it to be nonexistent. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "A.M., F.A.诉C.N.H等案", "description_zh": "律师出现在内格罗河省上诉法院。伪造：判例法 | 律师引用内格罗河省最高法院（STJ Río Negro）的判决作为支持客观责任的依据；法院无法找到该先例并认定其不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Río Negro", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Elías Axel Roberto Rafael s/ Abuso sexual con acceso carnal", "url": "/documents/1476/CSJT__Elias_sancion_IA_1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CSJ de Tucumán. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as authority two decisions that do not exist; court found no corresponding rulings on the dates given. Outcome: Attorney disqualified; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Elías Axel Roberto Rafael案/性侵犯及肉体接触", "description_zh": "律师出现在图库曼省最高法院（CSJ de Tucumán）。伪造：判例法 | 引用两项不存在的判决作为权威依据；法院在给出的日期内未找到相应裁决。结果：律师被取消资格；转交律师协会。", "court": "CSJ de Tucumán", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Attorney disqualified; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Provincia del Chubut v. PRA", "url": "/documents/882/wp-1760559941807.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the Chubut. Misrepresented: Other | The trial judge's written decision contained the phrase 'Aquí tienes el punto IV reeditado, sin citas y listo para copiar y pegar:', indicating use of a generative AI to re-edit Point IV; the panel found omission of citations and lack of disclosure/traceability of the AI p... Outcome: Judgment annuled, new trial before different judge ordered.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丘布特省诉PRA案", "description_zh": "法官出现在丘布特省。歪曲：其他 | 初审法官的书面判决中包含短语“这是重新编辑的第四点，没有引用，可以直接复制粘贴：”，表明使用了生成式人工智能重新编辑第四点；合议庭发现遗漏引用且未披露/追溯人工智能的使用……结果：判决被撤销，命令由不同法官重新审判。", "court": "Chubut", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Judgment annuled, new trial before different judge ordered", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Peugeot Citroen Argentina et al. v. Sumarismo", "url": "/documents/1073/0000059690-original-6.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA General Roca. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited STJ RN precedent 'Cerutti, Juan c/ Inmobiliaria Patagonia S.A. s/ Daños y perjuicios' to be nonexistent after exhaustive searches. Outcome: Counsel's Work not Counted for Fees; Referral to the Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Peugeot Citroen Argentina等诉Sumarismo案", "description_zh": "律师出现在罗卡将军市上诉法院（CA General Roca）。伪造：判例法 | 法院经过详尽搜索后认定所引用的内格罗河省最高法院（STJ RN）先例“Cerutti, Juan诉Inmobiliaria Patagonia S.A.损害赔偿案”不存在。结果：律师工作不计入费用；转交律师协会。", "court": "CA General Roca", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel's Work not Counted for Fees; Referral to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Gabriel v. Mareco", "url": "/documents/804/Vea-sentencia-Camara-de-Apelacion-en-lo-Civil-y-Comercial-de-Moron-1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Buenos Aires. Fabricated: Case Law | Cita reiterada de un supuesto fallo 'Barrios' señalado como causa n.º 61.169 que no pudo localizarse; base central de los agravios. Outcome: Recurso de apelación declarado desierto; costas al apelante; se notificará al letrado y al Colegio de Abogados. No se impusieron sanciones profesionales..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gabriel诉Mareco案", "description_zh": "律师出现在布宜诺斯艾利斯上诉法院（CA Buenos Aires）。伪造：判例法 | 反复引用一个据称的“Barrios”判决，标注为第61,169号案件，但无法找到；这是上诉的核心依据。结果：上诉被驳回；费用由上诉人承担；将通知律师和律师协会。未施加职业处罚。", "court": "CA Buenos Aires", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Recurso de apelación declarado desierto; costas al apelante; se notificará al letrado y al Colegio de Abogados. No se impusieron sanciones profesionales.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "B., V. E. v. C., B. R. Y.", "url": "/documents/1071/BJ-04174.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Córdoba. Fabricated: Case Law | Cita de Cámara local indicada en el recurso que no fue localizada: Cám. Civ. y Com. de 1ª Nom. de Córdoba, 'Pérez, R. c/ S., J. y otros s/ Posesión veinteañal', 05/06/2020. Outcome: Counsel's Work not Counted for Costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "B., V. E.诉C., B. R. Y.案", "description_zh": "律师出现在科尔多瓦上诉法院（CA Córdoba）。伪造：判例法 | 上诉中引用的地方法院判决未找到：科尔多瓦第一民事商事法庭，“Pérez, R.诉S., J.等占有二十年案”，2020年6月5日。结果：律师工作不计入费用。", "court": "CA Córdoba", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel's Work not Counted for Costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Giacomino y Otros v. Montserrat y Otros", "url": "/documents/722/G.C.A._Y_OTROS_c._M.F.D_Y_OTROS_Argentina_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Rosario CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited fabricated precedents, at least one of which was by the same court Outcome: Referral of the issue to the Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Giacomino等诉Montserrat等案", "description_zh": "律师在罗萨里奥上诉法院（Rosario CA）的诉讼中使用了未指明来源的材料。伪造：判例法 | 引用了伪造的先例，其中至少有一项来自同一法院。结果：将问题转交律师协会。", "court": "Rosario CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Referral of the issue to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Facial recognition bill (Bill no. 4420-D-2025) introduced", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=4420-D-2025", "description": "Usted tiene javascript desactivado por lo que es posible que no pueda usar en su totalidad esta pagina", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《面部识别技术规范法案》（第4420-D-2025号法案）已提出", "description_zh": "《面部识别技术开发、实施和使用规范法案》（第4420-D-2025号法案）已提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案适用于将面部识别系统用于犯罪预防、调查和基础设施安全的公共实体，以及为其提供服务的私营供应商。该法案要求在使用此类技术前获得事先授权并进行影响评估。它将使用范围限制在严重犯罪、失踪人员、逮捕令和关键基础设施，禁止大规模监控、常规跟踪和画像分析。生物识别数据被视为敏感数据，禁止建立覆盖全民的数据库。该法案要求透明性、审计、技术文件记录和全程可追溯性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Bill No. 4243-D-2025 introduced, covering use of personal data in AI systems", "url": "https://www.diputados.gov.ar/comisiones/permanentes/caconstitucionales/proyecto.html?exp=4243-D-2025", "description": "Usted tiene javascript desactivado por lo que es posible que no pueda usar en su totalidad esta pagina", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能系统中的个人数据保护法案》（第4243-D-2025号法案）已提出", "description_zh": "《人工智能系统中的个人数据保护法案》（第4243-D-2025号法案）已提交至众议院。该法案旨在建立一个适用于开发、运营、实施或商业化人工智能系统的自然人或法人使用公民个人数据的法律制度。它包括透明性义务，要求运营者披露系统目的、逻辑、自动化程度、个人数据使用情况，并保障数据主体权利的行使。它还要求基于低、中、高风险分类等级进行风险评估，中高风险系统必须强制在国家人工智能系统登记册中登记。主管部门有权进行审计、要求提供文件资料，并暂停构成严重风险的系统，处罚范围从警告到暂停、禁止使用，以及根据营业额、收益、受影响人数和故意或过失程度处以成比例的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "Bill 2397-D-2025 introduced, covering AI", "url": "https://www.diputados.gov.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cppyreglamento/proyecto.html?exp=2397-D-2025", "description": "Usted tiene javascript desactivado por lo que es posible que no pueda usar en su totalidad esta pagina", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能与新技术委员会设立法案》（第2397-D-2025号法案）已提出", "description_zh": "《人工智能与新技术委员会设立法案》（第2397-D-2025号法案）已提交至阿根廷众议院。该法案旨在重新定义现有科学与生产创新委员会的职责，使其负责就科学研究和生产创新问题出具意见，而人工智能与新技术委员会将负责就人工智能及所有其他新兴技术的整个技术生命周期出具意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/g20-parliamentarians-defend-artificial-intelligence-but-call-for-ethical-regulation.phtml", "description": "Argentina the only G20 nation not to sign up to statement calling for "transparent" and "ethical" regulation of Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道G20国家签署关于人工智能的宣言", "description_zh": "据报道，除阿根廷外，G20国家在巴西举行的G20议会主席第十次峰会上签署了一份宣言，主张人工智能是“促进可持续发展”的手段，前提是其受到监管，做到“透明、包容、符合伦理、负责任、可靠并以人为中心”。该宣言尚未向公众发布，但将在2024年11月18日至19日的G20峰会上提交。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构发布关于数据抓取的声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "由17个全球数据保护机构组成的联盟发布了关于数据抓取的后续声明（澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、香港、中国、瑞士、挪威、新西兰、哥伦比亚、泽西、摩洛哥、阿根廷、墨西哥、根西、西班牙、摩纳哥、以色列）。该声明建立在各机构2023年8月联合声明的基础上，敦促社交媒体平台实施针对数据抓取的保障措施。该后续声明明确：（1）组织应部署一系列针对非法抓取的保障措施，并定期审查和更新，以跟上抓取技术和技术的进步；（2）虽然一些复杂的数据抓取者使用人工智能来逃避检测，但人工智能也可以加强对非法抓取的保护；（3）防止非法抓取的义务适用于大型企业和中小企业，服务提供商可协助中小企业采取成本较低的措施；（4）授权抓取个人数据的合同条款本身不能使此类抓取合法，但可作为重要保障；（5）允许抓取个人数据的组织必须确保其具有合法依据、保持透明，并在法律要求时获得同意；（6）组织应实施充分措施，包括合同条款和监控，以确保遵守数据保护和隐私法律；（7）通过API提供访问可使组织更好地控制数据，并有助于检测和减轻未经授权的抓取；（8）组织使用抓取数据或其自有平台数据训练人工智能必须遵守数据保护、隐私法律和人工智能专门法律，遵循现有监管指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Argentina releases guidance on transparency and personal data protection in AI", "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/guia-de-la-aaip-para-usar-la-inteligencia-artificial-de-manera-responsable", "description": "Busca que entidades públicas y privadas que usen estas herramientas garanticen el derecho a la transparencia y a la protección de datos personales de la ciudadanía.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷发布关于人工智能透明度和个人数据保护的指南", "description_zh": "阿根廷公共信息获取机构发布了一份初步指南，针对公共和私营实体，就负责任人工智能的透明度和个人数据保护提供指导，并征求公众意见。该指南（1）适用于开发和使用人工智能的公共和私营组织；（2）确立了合法性、同意和透明原则；（3）提供了将这些原则落实到人工智能生命周期不同阶段（从设计阶段到验证和维护阶段）的建议。公众咨询于2024年10月30日截止。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in AR. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉丁美洲国家通过全面的人工智能宣言", "description_zh": "17个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、库拉索、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、苏里南和乌拉圭）的代表签署了《卡塔赫纳人工智能治理宣言》。该宣言包括：（1）遵守UNESCO在人工智能造福人类全球峰会上提出的伦理建议；（2）与现有的软法文书保持一致，如OECD的人工智能建议；（3）延续此前在蒙得维的亚和圣地亚哥签署的类似人工智能倡议。该宣言文本尚未公开披露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "AAIP receives complaint about Meta's use of personal data in AI training", "url": "https://www.ciberseguridadlatam.com/2024/07/30/argentina-denuncian-a-meta-por-usar-datos-privados-de-whatsapp-y-otras-redes-para-entrenar-su-ia/", "description": "Primary source (ciberseguridadlatam.com) dated 30 July 2024 in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AAIP收到关于Meta使用个人数据训练人工智能的投诉", "description_zh": "阿根廷数据隐私机构公共信息获取机构（AAIP）收到了个人Facundo Malaureille Peltzer和Daniel Monastersky针对Meta的投诉，涉及Meta使用个人数据训练人工智能。该投诉包含22点，要求Meta就其为训练人工智能而收集和使用个人数据的做法作出解释。其中包括：（1）更新后的隐私政策详情及用户同意的证据；（2）根据阿根廷指南进行的影响分析评估（PIA）；（3）关于数据匿名化过程及其不可逆性保证的技术说明；（4）关于如何防止匿名化数据被重新识别的澄清；（5）关于匿名化过程中元数据和敏感数据处理的信息；（6）数据保留和销毁政策的详情。投诉还要求AAIP对Meta在该国的处理流程进行独立审计，并在其作为第25,326号法律执法机构的权力范围内，制定阿根廷可接受的匿名化标准指南。AAIP将评估并回应该投诉。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "Argentina establishes AI security unit", "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/311381/20240729", "description": "Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 26/07/2024 VISTO el Expediente N° EX-2024-72915289- -APN-UGA#MSG, la Ley de Ministerios (texto ordenado por Decreto N° 438 del 12 de marzo de 1992) y sus modificatorias, el Decreto N° 50 del 19 de diciembre de 2019 y sus modificatorios, la Decisión Administrativa Nº 340 del 16 de mayo de 2024, la Resolución del MINISTERIO DE SEGURIDAD Nº 428 del 27 de mayo de 2024, y CONSIDERANDO: Que la Ley de Ministerios (t.o. 1992) establece la competencia del MINISTERIO DE SEGURIDAD en todo lo concerniente a la seguridad interior, a la preservación de la libertad, la vida y el patri", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷设立人工智能安全部门", "description_zh": "根据第710/2024号决议，阿根廷安全部设立了人工智能安全应用部门（UIAAS），这是一个新部门，负责将人工智能整合到犯罪调查中，包括使用实时面部识别分析监控录像、无人机监视、扫描社交媒体、应用机器学习分析历史犯罪数据以预测未来犯罪、收集数据创建嫌疑人画像、搜索暗网和预防网络攻击。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "Argentina introduces bill to establish AI observatory", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3900-D-2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (4.hcdn.gob.ar) dated 24 July 2024 in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷提出设立人工智能观察站的法案", "description_zh": "《设立联邦人工智能观察站法案》（第3900-D-2024号法案）提交至阿根廷众议院。观察站将负责（1）监督和指导人工智能的开发和使用；（2）分析人工智能算法；（3）促进数据保护；（4）评估现有法规；（5）进一步加强与现有公共和私营实体的合作；（6）创建信息传播网站；（7）报告人工智能的社会和伦理影响；（8）提出监管改革建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Bill establishing the Federal Observatory on Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 3900-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3900-D-2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (4.hcdn.gob.ar) dated DRAFT in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《设立联邦人工智能观察站法案》（第3900-D-2024号法案）", "description_zh": "该法案将设立一个人工智能观察站，负责（1）监督和指导人工智能的开发和使用；（2）分析人工智能算法；（3）促进数据保护；（4）评估现有法规；（5）进一步加强与现有公共和私营实体的合作；（6）创建信息传播网站；（7）报告人工智能的社会和伦理影响；（8）提出监管改革建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Disposition 2/2023 - Recommendations for a Reliable Artificial Intelligence (2023)", "url": "https://lermanszlak.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Publicacion-ENG.pdf", "description": "Primary source (lermanszlak.com) in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第2/2023号决定——《可靠人工智能建议》（2023年）：", "description_zh": "该决定确立了涵盖人工智能项目开发周期关键阶段的非约束性指南。遵循UNESCO的方法，该决定提出了在人工智能周期的每个阶段考虑伦理方面的建议，如数据设计和建模、验证和确认、实施、运营和维护。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI National Plan (2019)", "url": "https://oecd-opsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Argentina-National-AI-Strategy.pdf", "description": "Primary source (oecd-opsi.org) in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《国家人工智能计划》（2019年）：", "description_zh": "阿根廷的国家战略，旨在制定政策以促进2020-2030年期间符合伦理和法律原则的人工智能发展。该计划提出了两项倡议：《阿根廷数字议程2030》和《科学、技术与创新国家战略》（STI或西班牙语CTI）“创新型阿根廷2030”。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Bill on Regulation of development, implementation and use of facial recognition technologies (Bill no. 4420-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cjusticia/proyecto.html?exp=4420-D-2025", "description": "Usted tiene javascript desactivado por lo que es posible que no pueda usar en su totalidad esta pagina", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《面部识别技术规范法案》（第4420-D-2025号法案）：", "description_zh": "该法案适用于将面部识别系统用于犯罪预防、调查和基础设施安全的公共实体，以及为其提供服务的私营供应商。该法案要求在使用此类技术前获得事先授权并进行影响评估。它将使用范围限制在严重犯罪、失踪人员、逮捕令和关键基础设施，禁止大规模监控、常规跟踪和画像分析。生物识别数据被视为敏感数据，禁止建立覆盖全民的数据库。该法案要求透明性、审计、技术文件记录和全程可追溯性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Bill establishing the Federal Observatory on Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 3900-D-2024)", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2024/PDF2024/TP2024/3900-D-2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (4.hcdn.gob.ar) in AR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《设立联邦人工智能观察站法案》（第3900-D-2024号法案）：", "description_zh": "该法案将设立一个人工智能观察站，负责（1）监督和指导人工智能的开发和使用；（2）分析人工智能算法；（3）促进数据保护；（4）评估现有法规；（5）进一步加强与现有公共和私营实体的合作；（6）创建信息传播网站；（7）报告人工智能的社会和伦理影响；（8）提出监管改革建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Bill establishing the Committee on Artificial Intelligence and New Technologies (2397-D-2025)", "url": "https://www.diputados.gov.ar/comisiones/permanentes/cppyreglamento/proyecto.html?exp=2397-D-2025", "description": "Usted tiene javascript desactivado por lo que es posible que no pueda usar en su totalidad esta pagina", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能与新技术委员会设立法案》（第2397-D-2025号法案）：", "description_zh": "该法案旨在重新定义现有科学与生产创新委员会的职责，使其负责就科学研究和生产创新问题出具意见，而人工智能与新技术委员会将负责就人工智能及所有其他新兴技术的整个技术生命周期出具意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Ortiz Fatima Cecilia v. Booking.com y otros", "url": "/documents/1477/Booking_Juz_Civil___Sanci%C3%B3n_IA.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not verify the cited precedent; provided links were unclear or redirected to other cases and the decision was not found in databases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation accompanied by SAIJ id/link that corresponded to a different case (Yanson v. Firenze Viajes) and the invoked precedent was not located in databases. || Fabricated: Case Law | No copy or adequate identification supplied; searches in usual jurisprudential databases failed to locate the cited decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Generic citation without sala, jurisdiction or date; not found in consulted jurisprudential databases and no supporting copy provided. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited generically without minimal individualization and not located in standard legal databases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation not accompanied by verifiable copy and not found in the reviewed jurisprudential sources.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ortiz Fatima Cecilia诉Booking.com等案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 法院无法核实所引用的先例；提供的链接不明确或重定向至其他案件，且未在数据库中找到该判决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 引用附有对应另一案件（Yanson诉Firenze Viajes）的SAIJ编号/链接，且所引用的先例未在数据库中找到。|| 伪造：判例法 | 未提供副本或充分标识；在常用判例数据库中搜索未能找到所引用的判决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 泛泛引用，未注明法庭、管辖权或日期；在查阅的判例数据库中未找到，且未提供支持性副本。|| 伪造：判例法 | 泛泛引用，缺乏最低限度的个体化信息，且在标准法律数据库中未找到。|| 伪造：判例法 | 引用未附有可核实的副本，且在查阅的判例来源中未找到。", "court": "JCC de Tucumán", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction, bar referral, adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "620000 ARS", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-12", "title": "A.M., F.A. c/ C.N.H y otros", "url": "/documents/1429/A.M._F.A._c._C._N.H_y_Otros_Argentina_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this STJ Río Negro decision as supporting objective liability; court could not locate the precedent and determined it to be nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this STJ Río Negro decision; court was unable to find it and treated it as a non-existent AI-generated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this STJ Río Negro decision; court could not locate it and concluded it was a fabricated citation likely produced by generative AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this STJ Río Negro decision; court's search found no trace of the precedent and characterized it as an AI 'hallucination'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a provincial/circuit civil appellate decision 'Mosca c/ Vilches' (CNCiv Sala B) as binding support; court could not locate that decision in official repositories and treated it as nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited CSJN Fallos 308:1109 as supporting the proposition; court found the cited CSJN decision (Honorio Juan Luján) exists but determined it was unrelated to the proposition invoked (misuse/misrepresentation of precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "A.M., F.A.诉C.N.H等案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 律师引用该内格罗河省最高法院（STJ Río Negro）判决作为支持客观责任的依据；法院无法找到该先例并认定其不存在。|| 伪造：判例法 | 律师引用该内格罗河省最高法院（STJ Río Negro）判决；法院未能找到并将其视为不存在的生成式人工智能引用。|| 伪造：判例法 | 律师引用该内格罗河省最高法院（STJ Río Negro）判决；法院无法找到并得出结论，认为其是由生成式人工智能产生的伪造引用。|| 伪造：判例法 | 律师引用该内格罗河省最高法院（STJ Río Negro）判决；法院搜索未发现该先例痕迹，并将其定性为人工智能“幻觉”。|| 伪造：判例法 | 律师引用省级/巡回民事上诉判决“Mosca诉Vilches案”（CNCiv Sala B）作为有约束力的支持；法院在官方库中未能找到该判决，并将其视为不存在。|| 歪曲：判例法 | 律师引用CSJN Fallos 308:1109作为支持该命题；法院发现所引用的CSJN判决（Honorio Juan Luján案）存在，但认定其与所援引的命题无关（先例的误用/歪曲）。", "court": "CA Río Negro", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "Elías Axel Roberto Rafael s/ Abuso sexual con acceso carnal", "url": "/documents/1476/CSJT__Elias_sancion_IA_1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as authority two decisions that do not exist; court found no corresponding rulings on the dates given. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as authority a decision that does not exist; court found no match for the citation or text quoted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Asserted that CSJN Fallos 342:1100 supports an acquittal rule in sexual‑assault cases; court found the Fallos reference belongs to a different Telefónica municipal case and the claimed holding is incorrect. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Relied on two existing provincial decisions (Sent. N.º 108/2024 and 217/2024) but attributed to them the rule that art.119(3) cannot be applied without pericial evidence; court held those decisions do not state that. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Same misrepresentation regarding another existing decision cited by the defense; court found no support for the asserted proposition in that ruling. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple additional invented case citations and invented panel members repeated across the brief (approximately 20 instances identified by the court).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Elías Axel Roberto Rafael案/性侵犯及肉体接触", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 引用两项不存在的判决作为权威依据；法院在给出的日期内未找到相应裁决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 引用一项不存在的判决作为权威依据；法院未找到与引用或引文相符的判决。|| 歪曲：判例法 | 声称CSJN Fallos 342:1100支持性侵案件中的无罪规则；法院发现该Fallos引用属于另一市政Telefónica案件，且所声称的判词不正确。|| 歪曲：判例法 | 依赖两项现有的省级判决（Sent. N.º 108/2024和217/2024），但将第119条第3款不能在没有专家证据的情况下适用的规则归因于它们；法院认为这些判决并未如此陈述。|| 歪曲：判例法 | 对辩方引用的另一现有判决存在同样的歪曲；法院发现在该裁决中不存在对所述命题的支持。|| 伪造：判例法 | 诉状中反复出现的多处额外虚构判例引用和虚构合议庭成员（法院认定约20处）。", "court": "CSJ de Tucumán", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Attorney disqualified; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Provincia del Chubut v. PRA", "url": "/documents/882/wp-1760559941807.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Other | The trial judge's written decision contained the phrase 'Aquí tienes el punto IV reeditado, sin citas y listo para copiar y pegar:', indicating use of a generative AI to re-edit Point IV; the panel found omission of citations and lack of disclosure/traceability of the AI prompt and inputs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "丘布特省诉PRA案", "description_zh": "歪曲：其他 | 初审法官的书面判决中包含短语“这是重新编辑的第四点，没有引用，可以直接复制粘贴：”，表明使用了生成式人工智能重新编辑第四点；合议庭发现遗漏引用且未披露/追溯人工智能提示和输入内容。", "court": "Chubut", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Judgment annuled, new trial before different judge ordered", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Peugeot Citroen Argentina et al. v. Sumarismo", "url": "/documents/1073/0000059690-original-6.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited STJ RN precedent 'Cerutti, Juan c/ Inmobiliaria Patagonia S.A. s/ Daños y perjuicios' to be nonexistent after exhaustive searches. || Fabricated: Case Law | DMX2 S.A.'s counsel cited six precedents that the court could not locate (three attributed to the STJ RN and three to Civil Chambers); the court determined these citations do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | The actora's counsel included twenty jurisprudential citations that the court could not find (eighteen attributed to the STJ RN and two to this Chamber); the court deemed them nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Peugeot Citroen Argentina等诉Sumarismo案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 法院经过详尽搜索后认定所引用的内格罗河省最高法院（STJ RN）先例“Cerutti, Juan诉Inmobiliaria Patagonia S.A.损害赔偿案”不存在。|| 伪造：判例法 | DMX2 S.A.的律师引用了六项法院无法找到的判例（三项归因于STJ RN，三项归因于民事法庭）；法院认定这些引用不存在。|| 伪造：判例法 | 原告律师包含了二十项法院无法找到的判例引用（十八项归因于STJ RN，两项归因于本庭）；法院认定它们不存在。", "court": "CA General Roca", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel's Work not Counted for Fees; Referral to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "Gabriel v. Mareco", "url": "/documents/804/Vea-sentencia-Camara-de-Apelacion-en-lo-Civil-y-Comercial-de-Moron-1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cita reiterada de un supuesto fallo 'Barrios' señalado como causa n.º 61.169 que no pudo localizarse; base central de los agravios. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referencia a un supuesto fallo 'Rodriguez' atribuido a la Suprema Corte provincial que no aparece en la base de datos oficial (Juba) ni en registros. || Fabricated: Case Law | Invocación de una causa 'Ortiz' atribuida a esta Sala que no pudo ser localizada en registros internos.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gabriel诉Mareco案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 反复引用一个据称的“Barrios”判决，标注为第61,169号案件，但无法找到；这是上诉的核心依据。|| 伪造：判例法 | 引用一项据称的“Rodriguez”判决，归因于省最高法院，但在官方数据库（Juba）或记录中均未出现。|| 伪造：判例法 | 援引一项归因于本庭的“Ortiz”案件，但在内部记录中未能找到。", "court": "CA Buenos Aires", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Recurso de apelación declarado desierto; costas al apelante; se notificará al letrado y al Colegio de Abogados. No se impusieron sanciones profesionales.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "B., V. E. v. C., B. R. Y.", "url": "/documents/1071/BJ-04174.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cita de Cámara local indicada en el recurso que no fue localizada: Cám. Civ. y Com. de 1ª Nom. de Córdoba, 'Pérez, R. c/ S., J. y otros s/ Posesión veinteañal', 05/06/2020. || Fabricated: Case Law | Sentencia federal citada por la parte no verificada en repertorios: CNCiv., Sala F, 'M., N. c/ M., R. y otros s/ Prescripción Adquisitiva', 14/11/2017. || Fabricated: Case Law | Otra referencia de cámara federal invocada que no pudo comprobarse: CNCiv., Sala G, 'S., F. c/D., M. J. s/ Prescripción Adquisitiva', 28/08/2018. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cita invocada por la recurrente que no pudo comprobarse en repertorios: CSJN, 'Quiroga, Nicasio c/ Provincia de Buenos Aires s/ Usucapión', señalada como Fallos 325:475 del 05/03/2002. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cita jurisdiccional provincial indicada por la recurrente no verificada: TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, 'Pérez, Juan c/ García, María - Usucapión', sentencia del 15/05/2023. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cita señalada pero inexistente en búsquedas: TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, 'Martínez, Ana c/ Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba - Nulidad', sentencia del 18/02/2022. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fallo referido por la parte que no pudo ser corroborado: TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, 'Gómez, Laura c/ Empresa de Transporte - Daños y Perjuicios', Sentencia del 10/04/2024. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referencia jurisprudencial citada por la recurrente no hallada: 'Fernández, Carlos c/ Banco XYZ - Nulidad de Acto Jurídico' (sin fecha ni asiento verificable).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "B., V. E.诉C., B. R. Y.案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 上诉中引用的地方法院判决未找到：科尔多瓦第一民事商事法庭，“Pérez, R.诉S., J.等占有二十年案”，2020年6月5日。|| 伪造：判例法 | 当事方引用的联邦判决在汇编中未核实：CNCiv., Sala F, “M., N.诉M., R.等取得时效案”，2017年11月14日。|| 伪造：判例法 | 另一项援引的联邦法庭参考未能核实：CNCiv., Sala G, “S., F.诉D., M. J.取得时效案”，2018年8月28日。|| 伪造：判例法 | 上诉方援引的引用在汇编中未能核实：CSJN, “Quiroga, Nicasio诉布宜诺斯艾利斯省占有案”，标注为Fallos 325:475，2002年3月5日。|| 伪造：判例法 | 上诉方指出的省级司法引用未核实：TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, “Pérez, Juan诉García, María - 占有”，2023年5月15日判决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 指出但在搜索中不存在的引用：TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, “Martínez, Ana诉科尔多瓦省政府 - 无效”，2022年2月18日判决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 当事方引用的判决未能证实：TSJ, Sala Civil y Comercial, “Gómez, Laura诉运输公司 - 损害赔偿”，2024年4月10日判决。|| 伪造：判例法 | 上诉方引用的司法参考未找到：“Fernández, Carlos诉Banco XYZ - 法律行为无效”（无日期或可核实的案卷）。", "court": "CA Córdoba", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel's Work not Counted for Costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "title": "Giacomino y Otros v. Montserrat y Otros", "url": "/documents/722/G.C.A._Y_OTROS_c._M.F.D_Y_OTROS_Argentina_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited fabricated precedents, at least one of which was by the same court", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Giacomino等诉Montserrat等案", "description_zh": "伪造：判例法 | 引用了伪造的先例，其中至少有一项来自同一法院", "court": "Rosario CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Referral of the issue to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Argentina has developed a National AI Plan to help facilitate the use and development of AI in the country", "url": "", "description": "Argentina has developed a National AI Plan to help facilitate the use and development of AI in the country. Under Resolution 2/2023, Argentina released recommendations for trustworthy and reliable AI directed at the public sector. Argentina's Public Information Access Agency released a Guide to Responsible AI. This document focuses primarily on four points: \"Definition and Characteristics of AI,\" \"Problems and Challenges of AI,\" \"Principles of Transparency and Personal Data Protection,\" and \"Recommendations for Transparency and Data Protection in the Lifecycle of AI.\"", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷制定国家人工智能计划以促进本国人工智能的开发和使用", "description_zh": "阿根廷制定了国家人工智能计划，以促进本国人工智能的开发和使用。根据第2/2023号决议，阿根廷发布了针对公共部门的可信和可靠人工智能建议。阿根廷公共信息获取机构发布了《负责任人工智能指南》。该文件主要关注四点：“人工智能的定义和特征”、“人工智能的问题和挑战”、“透明度和个人数据保护原则”以及“人工智能生命周期中透明度和数据保护的建议”。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Bill on Protection of Privacy, Dignity and Fundamental Rights of People Against the Manipulation of Images with Nudeness or Defamatory Contexts Using Artificial Intelligence (2300-D-2025) was introduced to Chamber of Deputies", "url": "https://www4.hcdn.gob.ar/dependencias/dsecretaria/Periodo2025/PDF2025/TP2025/2300-D-2025.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Bill on Protection of Privacy, Dignity and Fundamental Rights of People Against the Manipulation of Images with Nudeness or Defamatory Contexts Using Artificial Intelligence (2300-D-2025) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill establishes criminal offences against the manipulation of nude images using artificial intelligence. The bill covers all instances in which there occurs a \"digital alteration or creation of an image using any technology, including AI, to in", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《保护隐私、尊严和基本权利免受人工智能操纵裸体或诽谤性图像侵害法案》（第2300-D-2025号法案）提交至众议院", "description_zh": "2025年5月13日，《保护隐私、尊严和基本权利免受人工智能操纵裸体或诽谤性图像侵害法案》（第2300-D-2025号法案）提交至众议院。该法案确立了针对使用人工智能操纵裸体图像的刑事犯罪。该法案涵盖所有出现“使用任何技术（包括人工智能）对图像进行数字修改或创建，以" }, { "title": "Ortiz Fatima Cecilia v. Booking.com y otros", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1477/Booking_Juz_Civil___Sanci%C3%B3n_IA.pdf", "date": "2 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "A.M., F.A. c/ C.N.H y otros", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1429/A.M._F.A._c._C._N.H_y_Otros_Argentina_12_December_2025.pdf", "date": "12 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Elías Axel Roberto Rafael s/ Abuso sexual con acceso carnal", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1476/CSJT__Elias_sancion_IA_1.pdf", "date": "28 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Provincia del Chubut v. PRA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/882/wp-1760559941807.pdf", "date": "15 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Peugeot Citroen Argentina et al. v. Sumarismo", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1073/0000059690-original-6.pdf", "date": "18 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gabriel v. Mareco", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/804/Vea-sentencia-Camara-de-Apelacion-en-lo-Civil-y-Comercial-de-Moron-1.pdf", "date": "15 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "B., V. E. v. C., B. R. Y.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1071/BJ-04174.pdf", "date": "5 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Giacomino y Otros v. Montserrat y Otros", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/722/G.C.A._Y_OTROS_c._M.F.D_Y_OTROS_Argentina_August_2025.pdf", "date": "22 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 134, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "032" }, { "id": "G20", "title": "Group of Twenty (G20)", "entries": [ { "date": "8 April 2026", "title": "UN General Assembly adopts resolution on AI governance and sustainable development", "url": "https://www.un.org", "description": "The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on AI governance and sustainable development, calling on member states to establish national AI strategies, promote equitable access to AI technologies, and develop international norms for responsible AI development aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.", "categories": [ "International Cooperation", "Human Rights", "Ethics" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联合国大会通过关于人工智能治理与可持续发展的决议", "description_zh": "联合国大会通过了关于人工智能治理和可持续发展的决议，呼吁成员国制定国家人工智能战略，促进公平获取人工智能技术，并制定与可持续发展目标相一致的负责任人工智能发展的国际规范。" }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "South Africa Digital Tech Minister urges G20 countries to regulate AI", "url": "https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/minister-solly-malatsi-second-meeting-digital-economy-working-group-and-task-force-ai", "description": "Speech by Minister Solly Malatsi at the G20 DEWG and Task Force on AI, Second meeting of the Digital Economy Working Group Gqeberha, Eastern Cape A Historic Moment for Africa and the G20 Esteemed colleagues, honored guests, it is my great privilege to welcome you to the G20 Digital Economy Working Group and the Task Force on Artificial Intelligence, Data Governance and Innovation.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "南非数字技术部长敦促G20国家监管人工智能", "description_zh": "南非通信和数字技术部长Solly Malatsi在G20数字经济工作组和人工智能 task force会议上发言，呼吁G20国家制定一套规则框架，供成员国用于监管人工智能，特别是优先考虑为低资源语言开发人工智能，并在共享数据和工具方面开展合作，以缩小数字技术中的语言多样性差距。除其他事项外，Malatsi部长强调，南非寻求通过解决互联互通差距、支持中小微企业以及确保人工智能尊重文化多样性同时减轻偏见，来推进全球南方的议程。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "African Union, European Union, G20, G7 and United Nations adopted Paris AI Action Statement", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet", "description": "Statement [1] on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet. 1. Participants from over 100 countries, including government leaders, international organisations, representatives of civil society, the private sector, and the academic and research communities gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025 to hold the AI Action Summit. Rapid development of AI technologies represents a major paradigm shift, impacting our citizens, and societies in many ways. In line with the Paris Pact for People and the Planet [2] , and the principles that countries must have ownersh", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟、欧洲联盟、G20、G7及联合国通过《巴黎人工智能行动声明》", "description_zh": "在巴黎人工智能行动峰会之后，非洲联盟、欧洲联盟、G20、G7和联合国通过了《关于为人类和地球实现包容和可持续人工智能的声明》。该声明强调促进人工智能的可及性以弥合数字鸿沟，确保人工智能系统符合伦理且值得信赖，并推进人工智能治理的国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "G20 Brazil Summit leads to Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Declaration", "url": "https://www.g20.org/en/documents/g20-rio-de-janeiro-leaders-declaration", "description": "Primary source (g20.org) dated 19 November 2024 in G20. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20巴西峰会促成《里约热内卢领导人宣言》", "description_zh": "在巴西里约热内卢举行的第19届G20峰会结束时，G20国家领导人通过了《里约热内卢宣言》，其中除其他事项外，呼吁加强人工智能监管合作，考虑发展中国家的观点——例如“为充分释放人工智能潜力、公平分享其利益并 mitigate 风险，我们将共同努力促进国际合作，并进一步讨论人工智能国际治理，认识到需要纳入发达和发展中国家的声音。”", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "China President Xi tells G20 Summit AI should not be a \"game of rich countries\"", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20241119/368e611184484791a8a2e06bc5b3db2c/c.html", "description": "RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday delivered an important speech at the Session II of the 19th G20 Summit under the title \"Working Together for a Fair and Equitable Global Governance System.\"", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国国家主席习近平在G20峰会上表示人工智能不应成为“富国的游戏”", "description_zh": "中国国家主席习近平在巴西里约热内卢举行的第19届G20峰会第二次会议上发表了题为“携手构建公正合理的全球治理体系”的讲话。习近平主席呼吁G20大家庭“应加强人工智能国际治理与合作，确保人工智能向善、向全，而不是富国和富人的游戏”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/g20-parliamentarians-defend-artificial-intelligence-but-call-for-ethical-regulation.phtml", "description": "Argentina the only G20 nation not to sign up to statement calling for "transparent" and "ethical" regulation of Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道G20国家签署关于人工智能的宣言", "description_zh": "据报道，除阿根廷外，G20国家在巴西举行的G20议会主席第十次峰会上签署了一份宣言，主张人工智能是“促进可持续发展”的手段，前提是其受到监管，做到“透明、包容、符合伦理、负责任、可靠并以人为中心”。该宣言尚未向公众发布，但将在2024年11月18日至19日的G20峰会上提交。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "G20 nations at Brazil launch São Luís Declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.t20brasil.org/en/news/82/sao-luis-declaration-a-joint-statement-from-engagement-groups-to-the-g20-states-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On Tuesday, September 10, the G20 engagement groups C20, L20, T20, and W20 celebrated the launch of their joint statement, the São Luís Declaration: Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20国家在巴西发起《圣路易斯人工智能宣言》", "description_zh": "在2024年G20巴西峰会上，G20国家的 engagement groups 发布了一份联合声明，名为《圣路易斯宣言：人工智能》。该宣言旨在在G20框架内汇集负责任且有效的人工智能战略。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development", "url": "https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/ltd/n24/065/92/pdf/n2406592.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "把握安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能系统促进可持续发展的机遇" }, { "date": "11 March 2024", "title": "UN General Assembly Resolution A/78/L.49 (\"Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development\"", "url": "https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4040897?v=pdf&ln=en", "description": "Resolves to bridge AI and digital divides and promote safe, secure, and trustworthy AI systems to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Encourages regulatory frameworks, capacity building, and international cooperation. Emphasizes human rights, data governance, and inclusive participation in AI governance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合国大会决议A/78/L.49（“把握安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能系统促进可持续发展的机遇”）", "description_zh": "决议致力于弥合人工智能和数字鸿沟，促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能系统，以实现可持续发展目标。鼓励建立监管框架、能力建设和国际合作。强调人权、数据治理以及包容性参与人工智能治理。" } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "AW", "title": "Aruba", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "533" }, { "id": "Europe", "title": "European Union", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-09-29", "title": "Google search terms can say a lot about how countries use artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "OECD.AI extracts search data from Google Trends to identify trending topics in countries and regions around the world.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "Tracking Europe’s progress on AI: Insights from the implementation of the EU Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "", "description": "Since its launch in 2018, the European Union’s Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence has represented a shared vision between the European Commission and EU Member States to develop, deploy and use artificial intelligence (AI) responsibly and strategically across Europe. Revised in 2021, the pl", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "追踪欧洲人工智能进展：欧盟人工智能协调计划实施洞察", "description_zh": "自2018年启动以来，欧盟人工智能协调计划代表了欧盟委员会与欧盟成员国之间在发展、部署和负责任及战略性地使用人工智能（AI）方面的共同愿景。该计划于2021年修订，计划……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "What gets measured gets managed: How the OECD and European Commission quantify AI investment", "url": "", "description": "Artificial intelligence is everywhere, but the extent to which companies and governments invest in AI remains elusive. Despite frequent headlines, political speeches, and corporate press releases touting major AI funding commitments, these figures often lack transparency, consistency, and independen", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD与欧盟委员会如何量化人工智能投资", "description_zh": "人工智能无处不在，但公司和政府投资人工智能的程度仍然难以捉摸。尽管频繁出现的头条新闻、政治演讲和企业新闻稿宣传重大人工智能资金承诺，但这些数字往往缺乏透明度、一致性和独立性……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Making digital regulation work – The crucial role technical standards play in implementing the EU AI Act", "url": "", "description": "Europe’s policymakers must address challenges and imbalances for AI providers revealed by current research.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "让数字监管发挥作用——技术标准在实施欧盟人工智能法案中的关键作用", "description_zh": "欧洲政策制定者必须解决当前研究揭示的人工智能提供商面临的挑战和不平衡问题。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "title": "What is AI? Can you make a clear distinction between AI and non-AI systems?", "url": "", "description": "OECD countries agreed to define the characteristics of machines considered to be AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "什么是人工智能？你能清楚区分人工智能和非人工智能系统吗？", "description_zh": "OECD国家商定了被视为人工智能的机器的特征定义。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-22", "title": "How to handle GDPR data access requests in AI-driven personal data processing", "url": "", "description": "Handling DSARs can be complicated, but there are ways to mitigate the challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "如何处理人工智能驱动的个人数据处理中的GDPR数据访问请求", "description_zh": "处理数据主体访问请求（DSARs）可能很复杂，但有方法可以缓解挑战。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "The therapeutic caveat: Prohibitions on manipulation and persuasion in the EU AI Act", "url": "", "description": "Closing the therapeutic loophole would ensure the safety of European citizens and encourage evidence-based innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "治疗性例外：欧盟人工智能法案中关于操纵和劝诱的禁止", "description_zh": "关闭治疗性漏洞将确保欧洲公民的安全，并鼓励基于证据的创新。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-11", "title": "The European Union could rethink its definition of General Purpose AI Systems (GPAIS)", "url": "", "description": "It is crucial to develop a definition of GPAIS that adequately identifies these technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟可能重新思考通用人工智能系统（GPAIS）的定义", "description_zh": "制定一个能够充分识别这些技术的GPAIS定义至关重要。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-27", "title": "Is it enough to audit recruitment algorithms for bias?", "url": "", "description": "Governments are right to require audits for bias in recruiting algorithms. But what about transparency, safety and privacy?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "审计招聘算法中的偏见是否足够？", "description_zh": "政府要求对招聘算法进行偏见审计是正确的。但透明度、安全和隐私呢？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-05", "title": "A framework to navigate the emerging regulatory landscape for AI", "url": "", "description": "Organizations seeking to responsibly deploy AI systems face a complex and quickly evolving legal landscape.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": " navigating 新兴人工智能监管格局的框架", "description_zh": "寻求负责任部署人工智能系统的组织面临着复杂且快速演变的法律格局。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-01", "title": "How the OECD’s AI system classification work added to a year of progress in AI governance", "url": "", "description": "Despite the COVID pandemic, we can look back on 2020 as a year of positive achievement in progress towards understanding what is needed in the governance and regulation of AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD人工智能系统分类工作如何为人工智能治理进展的一年添彩", "description_zh": "尽管有COVID疫情，我们可以回顾2020年是朝着理解人工智能治理和监管所需内容取得积极成就的一年。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-23", "title": "How private applied AI R&D labs can make AI work for mid-size businesses", "url": "", "description": "Private applied AI R&D labs are the key to keeping European mid-size businesses (MSBs) competitive.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "私人应用人工智能研发实验室如何使人工智能服务于中型企业", "description_zh": "私人应用人工智能研发实验室是保持欧洲中型企业（MSBs）竞争力的关键。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 October 2022", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2022/2065号条例，关于数字服务的单一市场（数字服务法）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2022/2065号条例，关于数字服务的单一市场（数字服务法）" }, { "date": "30 May 2022", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2022/868 on European data governance (Data Governance Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R0868", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2022/868 on European data governance (Data Governance Act)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2022/868号条例，关于欧洲数据治理（数据治理法）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2022/868号条例，关于欧洲数据治理（数据治理法）" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on fair access to and use of data (Data Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on fair access to and use of data (Data Act)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/2854号条例，关于公平获取和使用数据（数据法）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/2854号条例，关于公平获取和使用数据（数据法）" }, { "date": "21 March 2019", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2019/452 establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0452", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2019/452 establishing a framework for screening of foreign direct investments", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/452号条例，建立外国直接投资筛查框架", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/452号条例，建立外国直接投资筛查框架" }, { "date": "19 April 2023", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 establishing a certification framework for carbon removals", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 establishing a certification framework for carbon removals", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/1114号条例，建立碳清除认证框架", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/1114号条例，建立碳清除认证框架" }, { "date": "20 May 2019", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2019/817 on interoperability between EU information systems", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0817", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2019/817 on interoperability between EU information systems", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/817号条例，关于欧盟信息系统之间的互操作性", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/817号条例，关于欧盟信息系统之间的互操作性" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/2851 on the European Health Data Space", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R2851", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2023/2851 on the European Health Data Space", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/2851号条例，关于欧洲健康数据空间", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2023/2851号条例，关于欧洲健康数据空间" }, { "date": "20 May 2019", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2019/818 on the Visa Information System (AI-assisted border checks)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0818", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2019/818 on the Visa Information System (AI-assisted border checks)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/818号条例，关于签证信息系统（人工智能辅助边境检查）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2019/818号条例，关于签证信息系统（人工智能辅助边境检查）" }, { "date": "7 July 2021", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2021/1230 on customs enforcement of IPR (AI-assisted risk analysis)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R1230", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2021/1230 on customs enforcement of IPR (AI-assisted risk analysis)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2021/1230号条例，关于知识产权的海关执法（人工智能辅助风险分析）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：(EU) 2021/1230号条例，关于知识产权的海关执法（人工智能辅助风险分析）" }, { "date": "14 September 2023", "title": "Proposal for a Regulation on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for connected products (CRA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0236", "description": "EU legislation: Proposal for a Regulation on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for connected products (CRA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法规：关于联网产品横向网络安全要求的条例提案（CRA）", "description_zh": "欧盟法规：关于联网产品横向网络安全要求的条例提案（CRA）" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "What the EU AI Act Means for Staffing Businesses", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/what-the-act-means-for-staffing-businesses/", "description": "If your business uses AI to screen, rank, or match candidates, the EU now regulates those tools as high-risk systems. Here is what changed, what it means for your operating model, and what you should be doing about it.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案对人力资源企业意味着什么", "description_zh": "如果您的企业使用人工智能筛选、排名或匹配候选人，欧盟现在将这些工具监管为高风险系统。以下是变化内容、对您的运营模式的意义以及您应该采取的措施。" }, { "date": "11 May 2025", "title": "Modifying AI Under the EU AI Act: Lessons from Practice on Classification and Compliance", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/modifying-ai-under-the-eu-ai-act/", "description": "This is a guest post written by legal compliance professionals Øystein Endal, Andrea Vcric, Sidsel Nag, Nick Malter and Daylan Araz (see section about authors at the end), drawing on their experience from running or consulting businesses integrating AI. For any questions or suggestions, please conta", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在欧盟人工智能法案下修改人工智能：来自实践的关于分类和合规的经验教训", "description_zh": "这是一篇由法律合规专业人士Øystein Endal、Andrea Vcric、Sidsel Nag、Nick Malter和Daylan Araz（作者信息见文末）撰写的客座文章，基于他们运营或咨询整合人工智能企业的经验。如有问题或建议，请联系……" }, { "date": "8 November 2025", "title": "Whistleblowing and the EU AI Act", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/whistleblowing-and-the-eu-ai-act/", "description": "This page aims to provide an overview of the EU Whistleblowing Directive (2019) and how it relates to the EU AI Act, as well as provide useful resources for potential whistleblowers. This resource was put together by Santeri Koivula, an EU Fellow at the Future of Life Institute, and Karl Koch, found", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "举报与欧盟人工智能法案", "description_zh": "本页面旨在概述欧盟举报指令（2019年）及其与欧盟人工智能法案的关系，并为潜在举报者提供有用资源。本资源由未来生命研究所欧盟研究员Santeri Koivula和创始人Karl Koch共同整理。" }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Overview of Guidelines for GPAI Models", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/gpai-guidelines-overview/", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the European Commission published draft Guidelines clarifying key provisions of the EU AI Act applicable to General Purpose AI (GPAI) models. The Guidelines provide interpretive guidance on the definition and scope of GPAI models, related lifecycle obligations, systemic risk criteri", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通用人工智能模型指南概述", "description_zh": "2025年7月18日，欧盟委员会发布了澄清欧盟人工智能法案适用于通用人工智能（GPAI）模型关键条款的指南草案。该指南提供了关于GPAI模型定义和范围的解释性指导、相关生命周期义务、系统性风险标准……" }, { "date": "16 June 2025", "title": "Why Join the EU AI Scientific Panel?", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/scientific-panel/", "description": "The European Commission has published a call for applications for a scientific panel of independent experts. The panel focuses on general-purpose AI (GPAI) models and systems. Its tasks include advising the EU AI Office and national authorities on systemic risks, model classification, evaluation met", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为何加入欧盟人工智能科学小组？", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了征集独立专家科学小组成员申请的公告。该小组专注于通用人工智能（GPAI）模型和系统。其任务包括就系统性风险、模型分类、评估指标……向欧盟人工智能办公室和国家机构提供建议。" }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "AI Literacy Programs in Europe – Supporting Article 4 of the EU AI Act", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ai-literacy-programs/", "description": "As organisations across Europe navigate the implementation of the EU AI Act — including Article 4, which addresses the importance of AI literacy — there is growing interest in accessible and practical training resources. This document presents a non-exhaustive selection of AI literacy programs that", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲人工智能素养项目——支持欧盟人工智能法案第4条", "description_zh": "随着欧洲各地组织推进欧盟人工智能法案的实施——包括涉及人工智能素养重要性的第4条——人们对可及且实用的培训资源的兴趣日益增长。本文件展示了人工智能素养项目的非详尽选择……" }, { "date": "5 February 2025", "title": "AI Regulatory Sandbox Approaches: EU Member State Overview", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ai-regulatory-sandbox-approaches-eu-member-state-overview/", "description": "AI regulatory sandboxes are an important part of the implementation of the EU AI Act. According to Article 57 of the AI Act, each Member State must establish at least one AI regulatory sandbox at the national level by 2 August 2026. This post provides an overview of how different EU Member States ar", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能监管沙盒方法：欧盟成员国概述", "description_zh": "人工智能监管沙盒是实施欧盟人工智能法案的重要组成部分。根据人工智能法案第57条，每个成员国须在2026年8月2日前在国家层面建立至少一个人工智能监管沙盒。本帖子概述了不同欧盟成员国如何……" }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "Small Businesses’ Guide to the AI Act", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/small-businesses-guide-to-the-ai-act/", "description": "Everything you need to know about the AI Act, for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the EU and beyond.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小型企业人工智能法案指南", "description_zh": "欧盟及以外地区中小型企业（SMEs）需要了解的关于人工智能法案的一切。" }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Job Opportunities at the European AI Office for Legal and Policy Backgrounds", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/job-opportunities-european-ai-office/", "description": "The Commission has opened two calls for expression of interest to recruit new members for the European AI Office. Apply now as Legal or Policy Officer for an opportunity to shape trustworthy AI. The deadline for expression of interest is 15 January 2025. The salary for this role is around €4100-8600", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室法律和政策背景职位空缺", "description_zh": "委员会已开放两个意向征集，为欧盟人工智能办公室招募新成员。立即申请法律或政策官员职位，有机会塑造值得信赖的人工智能。意向征集截止日期为2025年1月15日。该职位的薪资约为4100-8600欧元……" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "The AI Office is hiring a Lead Scientific Advisor for AI", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ai-office-hiring-a-lead-scientific-advisor-for-ai/", "description": "This opportunity has now passed. A very important job opening has opened up at the European AI Office: They are hiring for the Lead Scientific Advisor for AI. Application deadline is 13 December 2024. Based on the European Union Employment Advisor, the monthly basic salary for this role (level AD13)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室招聘首席科学顾问", "description_zh": "该机会现已过期。欧盟人工智能办公室发布了一个非常重要的职位空缺：招聘首席科学顾问。申请截止日期为2024年12月13日。根据欧盟就业顾问，该职位（AD13级别）的基本月薪为……" }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "The AI Act: Responsibilities of the European Commission (AI Office)", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/responsibilities-of-european-commission-ai-office/", "description": "If you are unsure who is implementing and enforcing the new digital law and what the specific time frames are, you might find this post—and our post on the responsibilities of the EU Member States—very helpful. The tables below provide a comprehensive list of all obligations and tasks that the AI Ac", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能法案：欧盟委员会（人工智能办公室）的职责", "description_zh": "如果您不确定谁在实施和执行新的数字法律以及具体的时间框架，您可能会发现这篇文章——以及我们关于欧盟成员国职责的文章——非常有帮助。下表全面列出了人工智能法案规定的所有义务和任务……" }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "Why work at the EU AI Office?", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/why-work-at-the-eu-ai-office/", "description": "It’s probably not for everyone, but there are a lot of great reasons to consider, including the potential to have an impact on AI governance worldwide, leveraging the first-mover advantage, and more.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为何在欧盟人工智能办公室工作？", "description_zh": "这可能不适合所有人，但有很多充分的理由可以考虑，包括有可能对全球人工智能治理产生影响、利用先发优势等等。" }, { "date": "24 May 2024", "title": "Robust governance for the AI Act: Insights and highlights from Novelli et al. (2024)", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/robust-governance-for-the-ai-act/", "description": "In their recent publication on robust European AI governance, Claudio Novelli, Philipp Hacker, Jessica Morley, Jarle Trondal, and Luciano Floridi pursue two main objectives: explaining the governance framework of the AI Act and providing recommendations to ensure its uniform and coordinated executio", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Novelli等人（2024年）关于人工智能法案稳健治理的洞察和要点", "description_zh": "Claudio Novelli、Philipp Hacker、Jessica Morley、Jarle Trondal和Luciano Floridi在最近关于欧洲稳健人工智能治理的出版物中追求两个主要目标：解释人工智能法案的治理框架，并提供建议以确保其统一和协调执行。" }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "The AI Office: What is it, and how does it work?", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-ai-office-summary/", "description": "In this overview, we offer a summary of the key elements of the AI Office relevant for those interested in AI governance. We’ve highlighted the responsibilities of the AI Office, its role within the European Commission, its relationship with the AI Board, its national regulators, the scientific pane", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能办公室：它是什么，如何运作？", "description_zh": "在本概述中，我们为对人工智能治理感兴趣的人士提供了人工智能办公室关键要素的摘要。我们重点介绍了人工智能办公室的职责、其在欧盟委员会内的角色、与人工智能委员会的关系、其与国家监管机构、科学小组……的关系。" }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "High-level summary of the AI Act", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/high-level-summary/", "description": "Everything you need to know about the AI Act in ten minutes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能法案高级摘要", "description_zh": "关于人工智能法案的十分钟速览。" }, { "date": "16 December 2022", "title": "Standard Setting", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/standard-setting-overview/", "description": "This page aims to provide an easily accessible overview of AI safety standard setting under the EU AI Act. It covers the broader context and rationale for EU AI standard setting, the standard setting process, and questions of when AI Act standards might be finished.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "标准制定", "description_zh": "本页面旨在提供欧盟人工智能法案下人工智能安全标准制定的易于访问的概述。它涵盖了欧盟人工智能标准制定的更广泛背景和理由、标准制定过程，以及人工智能法案标准何时可能完成的问题。" }, { "title": "Texts adopted - Simplification of the implementation of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Digital Omnibus on AI) - Thursday, 26 March 2026", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2026-0098_EN.html", "description": "We cannot provide a description for this page right now", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过文本——简化人工智能协调规则的实施（人工智能数字一揽子计划）——2026年3月26日，星期四", "description_zh": "我们目前无法提供此页面的描述" }, { "title": "AM\\P10_AMA(2026)0073(109-117)_EN.docx PE783.017v01-00 EN United in diversity EN", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-10-2026-0073-AM-109-117_EN.pdf", "description": "Directive (EU) 2016/680, as applicable.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AM\\P10_AMA(2026)0073(109-117)_EN.docx PE783.017v01-00 EN United in diversity EN", "description_zh": "指令 (EU) 2016/680，在适用范围内。" }, { "title": "Accelerating trustworthy AI for Europe’s energy transition | News | CORDIS | European Commission", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/464159-accelerating-trustworthy-ai-for-europe-s-energy-transition", "description": "How can AI safely power Europe’s green transition? AI-EFFECT is building a pan-European testing facility to validate reliable AI for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加速欧洲能源转型中值得信赖的人工智能 | 新闻 | CORDIS | 欧盟委员会", "description_zh": "人工智能如何安全地为欧洲绿色转型提供动力？AI-EFFECT正在建立一个泛欧洲测试设施，以验证可靠的人工智能……" }, { "title": "PE783.017/ 1 EN 24.3.2026 A10-0073/ 001-083 AMENDMENTS 001-083", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-10-2026-0073-AM-001-083_EN.pdf", "description": "by the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection, Committee on Civil · Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PE783.017/ 1 EN 24.3.2026 A10-0073/ 001-083 修正案 001-083", "description_zh": "由内部市场和消费者保护委员会、公民自由、司法和内政事务委员会……" }, { "title": "AI and Digital platforms - concerns for media pluralism | Other events | Events | LIBE | Committees | European Parliament", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/ai-and-digital-platforms-concerns-for-me/product-details/20260408EOT09323", "description": "All the available information relating to other public LIBE events involving external speakers. Links to programmes and contributions from speakers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能与数字平台——对媒体多元化的担忧 | 其他活动 | 活动 | LIBE | 委员会 | 欧洲议会", "description_zh": "所有涉及外部发言人的其他公开LIBE活动的可用信息。节目和发言人贡献的链接。" }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - When AI Forgets Its Safety: Linguistic Decay and EU AI Act Compliance Gaps", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/da/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/when-ai-forgets-its-safety-linguistic-decay-and-eu-ai-act-compliance-gaps", "description": "What remains is institutional commitment from the European Commission, the AI Office, and African regulatory bodies to treat cross-lingual safety consistency as a non-negotiable condition of EU AI Act compliance, before August 2026 transforms these gaps from governance oversights into legally consequential and politically indefensible enforcement failures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Futurium | 应用人工智能联盟——当人工智能忘记其安全时：语言衰减与欧盟人工智能法案合规差距", "description_zh": "剩下的是欧盟委员会、人工智能办公室和非洲监管机构的制度承诺，将跨语言安全一致性视为欧盟人工智能法案合规的不可谈判条件，否则2026年8月将把差距从治理疏忽转变为具有法律后果和政治上无法辩护的执法失败。" }, { "title": "Règlement IA: application retardée, applications de \"nudification\" interdites | Actualité | Parlement européen", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/fr/press-room/20260323IPR38829/reglement-ia-application-retardee-applications-de-nudification-interdites", "description": "Les députés sont également favorables à donner aux fournisseurs un délai allant jusqu’au 2 novembre 2026 pour se conformer aux règles relatives au marquage numérique des contenus audio, image, vidéo ou des textes créés par l’IA afin d’indiquer leur origine.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法规：应用推迟，“nudification”应用被禁止 | 新闻 | 欧洲议会", "description_zh": "议员们还支持给予提供商最长至2026年11月2日的期限，以遵守关于标记人工智能创建的音频、图像、视频或文本内容的数字标记规则，以表明其来源。" }, { "title": "IA: le Parlement votera sur l'interdiction de la nudification | 25-03-2026 | Actualité | Parlement européen", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/fr/agenda/plenary-news/2026-03-25/2/ia-le-parlement-votera-sur-l-interdiction-de-la-nudification", "description": "Les modifications de la législation sur l’IA comprennent également des mesures visant à soutenir les petites entreprises à moyenne capitalisation, des clarifications sur les chevauchements potentiels avec d’autres règles sectorielles européennes en matière de sécurité des produits et des pouvoirs supplémentaires pour le Bureau de l’IA en ce qui concerne la surveillance des modèles d’IA à usage général. Une fois que la plénière aura approuvé le mandat, les députés pourront entamer des négociat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能：议会将就禁止nudification进行表决 | 25-03-2026 | 新闻 | 欧洲议会", "description_zh": "人工智能立法的修改还包括支持中小型企业的措施、关于与其他欧洲产品安全规则潜在重叠的澄清，以及人工智能办公室在监控通用人工智能模型方面的新增权力。一旦全体会议批准授权，议员们将能够开始谈判……" }, { "title": "EU AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) - Enforcement Phase", "url": "https://legalnodes.com/article/eu-ai-act-2026-updates-compliance-requirements", "description": "The EU AI Act's remaining provisions become applicable on 2 August 2026, with most requirements phased in over 6-36 months. This is the central enforcement milestone for 2026. Most provisions for high-risk AI systems in Annex III (biometrics, critical infrastructure, education, employment, essential services, law enforcement, migration, justice, democratic processes) become fully applicable on this date.", "categories": [ "High-Risk AI", "General Purpose AI", "Enforcement", "Risk-Based Framework" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案（(EU) 2024/1689号条例）——执行阶段", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案的其余条款将于2026年8月2日适用，大多数要求在6至36个月内分阶段实施。这是2026年的核心执行里程碑。针对附件三（生物识别、关键基础设施、教育、就业、基本服务、执法、移民、司法、民主进程）中高风险人工智能系统的大多数要求将于该日期全面适用。" }, { "date": "2 February 2025", "title": "EU AI Act - Chapter I and II Provisions", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/implementation-timeline/", "description": "Chapters I (General Provisions) and II (Prohibited AI Practices) of the EU AI Act have been in force since 2 February 2025. The prohibited practices list includes AI systems that deploy subliminal/manipulative techniques, exploit vulnerabilities, enable social scoring, conduct real-time remote biometric identification in public spaces (with exceptions), and categorize individuals based on sensitive characteristics.", "categories": [ "Prohibited AI", "Fundamental Rights" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案——第一和第二章条款", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案的第一章（一般条款）和第二章（禁止的人工智能实践）自2025年2月2日起生效。禁止的实践清单包括部署潜意识/操纵技术、利用脆弱性、实现社会评分、在公共空间进行实时远程生物识别（有例外）以及基于敏感特征对个人进行分类的人工智能系统。" }, { "title": "EU AI Act - GPAI Transparency Obligations (Article 50)", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/50/", "description": "General Purpose AI (GPAI) transparency obligations under Article 50 of the EU AI Act take effect on 2 August 2026. Providers of GPAI models must disclose training data information, ensure compliance with EU copyright law, and publish summaries of training data content. A Code of Practice on marking and labelling AI-generated content is being developed to support compliance. Article 50 transparency obligations apply across the AI value chain.", "categories": [ "General Purpose AI", "Transparency", "Copyright", "Content Labelling" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案——通用人工智能透明义务（第50条）", "description_zh": "通用人工智能（GPAI）的透明义务根据欧盟人工智能法案第50条于2026年8月2日生效。GPAI模型提供商必须披露训练数据信息、确保遵守欧盟版权法，并发布训练数据内容摘要。正在制定关于标记和标注人工智能生成内容的实践准则以支持合规。第50条的透明义务适用于整个人工智能价值链。" }, { "title": "EU AI Act - High-Risk AI System Requirements (Annex III)", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/article/16/", "description": "High-risk AI system requirements covering biometrics (remote biometric identification, biometric categorization, emotion recognition); critical infrastructure (safety components, utility supply); education and vocational training (determining access, admission, assignment, assessment); employment and HR management (recruitment, selection, promotion, termination, task allocation); access to essential services (credit scoring, risk assessment for insurance); law enforcement (risk profiling, forensic analysis, evidence evaluation); migration and border control (polygraphs, risk assessment, asylum screening); and administration of justice (supporting judicial authority).", "categories": [ "High-Risk AI", "High-Risk AI", "Compliance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案——高风险人工智能系统要求（附件三）", "description_zh": "高风险人工智能系统要求涵盖生物识别（远程生物识别、生物识别分类、情绪识别）；关键基础设施（安全组件、公用事业供应）；教育和职业培训（确定准入、录取、分配、评估）；就业和人力资源管理（招聘、选拔、晋升、终止、任务分配）；基本服务准入（信用评分、保险风险评估）；执法（风险画像、法医分析、证据评估）；移民和边境控制（测谎仪、风险评估、庇护筛查）；以及司法管理（支持司法机构）。" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Enforcement of the AI Act (EP Think Tank)", "url": "https://epthinktank.eu/2026/03/18/enforcement-of-the-ai-act/", "description": "The European Parliament's Members' Research Service published an analysis of the EU AI Act enforcement structure, emphasizing the risk-based framework spanning unacceptable, high, transparency, and minimal risk tiers. The AI Office within the European Commission serves as the coordinator for GPAI models and cross-border cases.", "categories": [ "Enforcement", "Governance" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能法案的执行（欧洲议会智库）", "description_zh": "欧洲议会成员研究服务处发布了对欧盟人工智能法案执行结构的分析，强调跨越不可接受风险、高风险、透明度和最小风险等级的基于风险的框架。欧盟委员会内的人工智能办公室作为通用人工智能模型和跨境案件的协调机构。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Code of Practice on Marking and Labelling of AI-Generated Content (Draft)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/code-practice-ai-generated-content", "description": "The EU published a second draft of the Code of Practice on Marking and Labelling of AI-Generated Content, focusing on voluntary transparency obligations. The code requires AI-generated content to be marked in machine-readable, detectable, and interoperable formats to support compliance with Article 50 of the EU AI Act.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "Content Labelling", "General Purpose AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能生成内容标记和标注实践准则（草案）", "description_zh": "欧盟发布了人工智能生成内容标记和标注实践准则的第二稿，聚焦自愿透明度义务。该准则要求以机器可读、可检测和可互操作的格式标记人工智能生成的内容，以支持遵守欧盟人工智能法案第50条。" }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "EDPS Governance and Enforcement Structure for the AI Act", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/speeches-articles/governance-and-enforcement-structure-ai-act", "description": "The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) outlined its multi-faceted role under the EU AI Act, serving as Market Surveillance Authority (MSA) for AI used by EU institutions, coordinating with national authorities, and contributing to the European AI Office's work on GPAI model oversight.", "categories": [ "Enforcement", "Data Privacy & Protection", "EU Institutions" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护监督员的人工智能法案治理和执行结构", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护监督员（EDPS）概述了其在欧盟人工智能法案下的多方面角色，作为欧盟机构使用人工智能的市场监督机构（MSA），与国家机构协调，并参与欧洲人工智能办公室关于通用人工智能模型监督的工作。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "EDPB and EDPS Joint Opinion 1/2026 on Digital Omnibus on AI", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/edpb-edps-joint-opinion", "description": "The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued Joint Opinion 1/2026 on the European Commission's Digital Omnibus proposal to simplify harmonised AI rules. They supported streamlining efforts but urged stronger safeguards for fundamental rights and data protection. The opinion addresses how GDPR and AI Act interact.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "AI Act", "Regulatory Reform", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDPB和EDPS关于人工智能数字一揽子计划的联合意见1/2026", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会（EDPB）和欧洲数据保护监督员（EDPS）就欧盟委员会简化人工智能协调规则的数字一揽子计划提案发布了联合意见1/2026。他们支持简化努力，但敦促加强基本权利和数据保护保障。该意见涉及GDPR与人工智能法案的交互。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "EDPB and EDPS Support Streamlining AI Act but Call for Stronger Safeguards", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2026/edpb-and-edps-support-streamlining-ai-act", "description": "The EDPB and EDPS endorsed parts of the EU AI Act streamlining efforts (Digital Omnibus) but called for maintaining strong fundamental rights protections. They emphasized the need for clear guidance on the interplay between GDPR and AI Act obligations.", "categories": [ "Fundamental Rights", "Streamlining", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDPB和EDPS支持简化人工智能法案，但呼吁加强保障措施", "description_zh": "EDPB和EDPS支持欧盟人工智能法案简化努力（数字一揽子计划）的部分内容，但呼吁保持强有力的基本权利保护。他们强调需要就GDPR与人工智能法案义务之间的相互作用提供明确指导。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "EDPB on AI-Generated Imagery and Privacy Protection", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2026/ai-generated-imagery-and-protection-privacy", "description": "The European Data Protection Board highlighted its active involvement in AI governance, including joint statements and enhanced enforcement efforts on AI-generated imagery and privacy protection.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "AI-Generated Content", "Enforcement" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于人工智能生成图像和隐私保护", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会强调其积极参与人工智能治理，包括联合声明以及加强对人工智能生成图像和隐私保护的执法力度。" }, { "title": "Joint Guidelines on GDPR-AI Act Interplay (Forthcoming)", "url": "", "description": "The EDPS and EDPB planned to publish joint guidelines on how GDPR and the EU AI Act interact, providing clarity on重叠 areas including data protection impact assessments for high-risk AI systems and lawful bases for processing in AI contexts.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "AI Act", "Guidance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GDPR-AI 法案相互作用联合指南（即将发布）", "description_zh": "EDP​​S 和 EDPB 计划发布关于 GDPR 和欧盟人工智能法案如何相互作用的联合指南，明确重叠领域，包括高风险人工智能系统的数据保护影响评估和人工智能环境中处理的合法基础。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2026", "title": "Transatlantic Cooperation on AI and National Security", "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/transat", "description": "Atlantic Council analysis examines how AI and national security shape US-EU relations, with focus on export controls, semiconductor restrictions, and their implications for China and global AI competition.", "categories": [ "Export Controls", "US-EU", "National Security" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "跨大西洋人工智能与国家安全合作", "description_zh": "大西洋理事会的分析研究了人工智能和国家安全如何影响美欧关系，重点关注出口管制、半导体限制及其对中国和全球人工智能竞争的影响。" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "EU - Big Tech Entire AI Operations Under Antitrust Scrutiny", "url": "", "description": "EU antitrust chief Teresa Ribera warned that the full AI value chain, including data, models, hardware, and services, can entrench corporate power and attract scrutiny. The Commission is examining whether existing competition law tools are sufficient for AI markets.", "categories": [ "Antitrust", "Big Tech", "AI Value Chain", "EU Commission" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟 - 大型科技公司的整个人工智能业务受到反垄断审查", "description_zh": "欧盟反垄断主管特蕾莎·里贝拉警告说，包括数据、模型、硬件和服务在内的完整人工智能价值链可以巩固企业权力并吸引审查。委员会正在研究现有的竞争法工具是否足以满足人工智能市场的需求。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "EU - GDPR Simplification and AI Act Streamlining (Digital Omnibus)", "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/04/eu-simplification-laws/", "description": "The EU's \"Digital Omnibus\" package aims to \"simplify\" AI and data protection laws including the GDPR and the AI Act, with stated goals of boosting competitiveness. Amnesty International criticized the rollbacks to fundamental rights protections.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "AI Act", "Regulatory Reform", "Fundamental Rights" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟 - GDPR 简化和人工智能法案精简（数字综合）", "description_zh": "欧盟的“数字综合”一揽子计划旨在“简化”人工智能和数据保护法律，包括 GDPR 和人工智能法案，其既定目标是提高竞争力。国际特赦组织批评了基本权利保护的倒退。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "GDPR and AI Act 2026 - Dual Regime Compliance", "url": "https://www.innovires.com/en/blog/lichni-danni-izkustven-intelekt-gdpr-ai-act", "description": "Dual regime compliance guidance for AI systems that process personal data: both GDPR and EU AI Act obligations apply simultaneously. Most AI Act provisions take effect by August 2026, requiring integrated compliance programs.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "AI Act", "Dual Compliance" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GDPR 和 AI 法案 2026 - 双重制度合规性", "description_zh": "针对处理个人数据的人工智能系统的双重制度合规指南：GDPR 和欧盟人工智能法案义务同时适用。大多数《人工智能法案》条款将于 2026 年 8 月生效，要求制定综合合规计划。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "US-EU Data Practices and GDPR Conflict", "url": "https://aublr.org/2026/03/ai-and-the-conflict-between-the-patchwork-of-us-dat", "description": "A May 2025 SDNY preservation order against OpenAI to retain ChatGPT output logs highlights a clash between U.S. data practices and EU GDPR requirements, with ongoing conflicts over data retention, deletion, and cross-border AI data flows.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "US-EU Data Conflict", "Cross-Border" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国和欧盟的数据实践和 GDPR 冲突", "description_zh": "SDNY 于 2025 年 5 月针对 OpenAI 发布了保留 ChatGPT 输出日志的保存令，凸显了美国数据实践与欧盟 GDPR 要求之间的冲突，以及数据保留、删除和跨境 AI 数据流方面持续存在的冲突。" }, { "title": "Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ALTAI) — self-assessment tool", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai", "description": "AI law in European Union: ALTAI is a voluntary self-assessment checklist published by the EU High-Level Expert Group on AI to operationalise the Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. Released on 17 July 2020, it offers developers, deployers and procurers an actionable tool to evaluate AI systems against seven key requirements for trustworthy AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "可信赖人工智能评估清单 (ALTAI) — 自我评估工具", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：ALTAI 是欧盟人工智能高级别专家组发布的自愿自我评估清单，旨在实施可信赖人工智能道德准则。它于 2020 年 7 月 17 日发布，为开发人员、部署人员和采购人员提供了一个可操作的工具，用于根据值得信赖的人工智能的七个关键要求来评估人工智能系统......" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Commission Cybersecurity Resilience and Capabilities Package 2026", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-eu-cybersecurity-act", "description": "AI law in European Union: The EU's 2026 Cybersecurity Package proposes a revised Cybersecurity Act and NIS2 amendments to bolster collective resilience and secure ICT supply chains....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会 2026 年网络安全弹性和能力包", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：欧盟 2026 年网络安全一揽子计划提出了修订版网络安全法和 NIS2 修正案，以增强集体弹性并确保 ICT 供应链的安全。" }, { "title": "Communication: Artificial Intelligence for Europe", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-approach-artificial-intelligence", "description": "AI law in European Union: The European Commission Communication 'Artificial Intelligence for Europe' (COM(2018)237, 25 April 2018) sets out a strategic, non‑binding EU approach to boost investment, prepare for socio‑economic change, and ensure an ethical and legal framework for AI. It launches coordination mechanisms (European AI Alliance, High‑Level Expert Group) and proposes a Coordinated Plan with Member States to strengthen research and uptake....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信：欧洲的人工智能", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：欧盟委员会通讯“欧洲人工智能” （COM(2018)237，2018 年 4 月 25 日）制定了一项战略性、不具约束力的欧盟方法，以促进投资、为社会经济变革做好准备，并确保人工智能的道德和法律框架。它启动了协调机制（欧洲人工智能联盟、高级别专家组），并与成员国提出了一项协调计划，以加强研究和吸收……" }, { "title": "Directive (EU) 2024/2853 on liability for defective products (revising product liability to cover software and AI)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2853/oj/eng", "description": "AI law in European Union: Directive (EU) 2024/2853 modernises EU product liability rules to include software, digital manufacturing files and AI systems as 'products', expands the range of liable economic operators, creates presumptions to assist injured natural persons, and requires Member States to transpose the Directive by 9 December 2026. It repeals Council Directive 85/374/EEC and introduces obligations related to post-sale defects, cybersecurity updates and disclosure in court proceedings....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于缺陷产品责任的指令 (EU) 2024/2853（修订产品责任以涵盖软件和人工智能）", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：指令 (EU) 2024/2853 对欧盟产品责任规则进行了现代化改造，将软件、数字制造文件和人工智能系统纳入“产品”，扩大了责任经济运营商的范围，创建了帮助受伤自然人的推定，并要求成员国在 2026 年 12 月 9 日之前转换该指令。它废除了理事会指令 85/374/EEC，并引入了与以下方面相关的义务：售后缺陷、网络安全更新和法庭诉讼中的披露......" }, { "title": "Communication: Fostering a European approach to Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=COM:2021:205:FIN", "description": "AI law in European Union: The European Commission Communication 'Fostering a European approach to Artificial Intelligence' (COM(2021)205) published on 21 April 2021 sets out the EU's integrated policy approach to promote excellence and trust in AI. It presents a package including the Communication itself, a revised 2021 Coordinated Plan on AI and a proposal for a regulatory framework (the Artificial Intelligence Act), outlining enabling conditions, governance, funding, and risk-based regulatory principles....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沟通：促进欧洲的人工智能方法", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：欧盟委员会通讯“促进欧洲人工智能方法” (COM(2021)205) 于 2021 年 4 月 21 日发布，阐述了欧盟促进人工智能卓越和信任的综合政策方法。它提出了一个一揽子计划，包括通信本身、修订后的 2021 年人工智能协调计划和监管框架提案（《人工智能法案》），概述了有利条件、治理、资金和基于风险的监管原则……" }, { "title": "Council Decision (EU) 2024/2218 of 28 August 2024 on the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2024/2218/oj/eng", "description": "AI law in European Union: Council Decision (EU) 2024/2218 authorises, subject to its conclusion, the signing by the European Union of the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. It tasks the European Commission with ensuring the signing on behalf of the Union and enters into force on adoption (28 August 2024)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 8 月 28 日关于代表欧盟签署《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》的理事会决定 (EU) 2024/2218", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：理事会决定 (EU) 2024/2218 授权欧盟签署《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》，但须视其结论而定。它责成欧盟委员会确保代表欧盟签署并在通过后生效（2024 年 8 月 28 日）......" }, { "title": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending certain Union legislative acts", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202401689", "description": "AI law in European Union: The EU AI Act is the world's first comprehensive legal framework for AI, aiming to foster trustworthy AI while safeguarding fundamental rights through a risk-based approach....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会和理事会 2024 年 6 月 13 日颁布的法规 (EU) 2024/1689 制定了人工智能的统一规则并修订了某些欧盟立法法案", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：欧盟人工智能法案是世界上第一个全面的人工智能法律框架，旨在培育值得信赖的人工智能，同时通过基于风险的方法维护基本权利......" }, { "title": "Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence — 2021 review", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence-2021-review", "description": "AI law in European Union: The 2021 Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence is the European Commission and Member States' strategic update to align investments, national strategies and policies to build EU leadership in trustworthy AI. Published on 21 April 2021, it complements the EU AI regulatory proposal and focuses on enabling conditions, excellence from lab-to-market, people-centred AI and strategic sectoral leadership....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能统筹规划——2021年审查", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：2021 年人工智能协调计划是欧盟委员会和成员国的共同目标。战略更新，以调整投资、国家战略和政策，以建立欧盟在值得信赖的人工智能领域的领导地位。它于 2021 年 4 月 21 日发布，补充了欧盟人工智能监管提案，重点关注有利条件、从实验室到市场的卓越性、以人为本的人工智能和战略部门领导......" }, { "title": "Code of Practice on AI-Generated Content Transparency", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-act", "description": "AI law in European Union: This proposed EU Code of Practice aims to ensure transparency in AI-generated content through clear labeling and disclosure, fostering trust and mitigating risks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能生成内容透明度实践守则", "description_zh": "欧盟的人工智能法：拟议的欧盟实践守则旨在通过清晰的标签和披露来确保人工智能生成的内容的透明度，促进信任并降低风险......" }, { "title": "Proposal for a Directive on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence (AI Liability Directive) — Commission proposal withdrawn", "url": "https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/16b4afba-3ff9-11ed-92ed-01aa75ed71a1/language-en", "description": "AI law in European Union: The AI Liability Directive (COM(2022)496) was a European Commission proposal to adapt non-contractual civil liability rules to harms involving AI systems by easing proof burdens and introducing targeted disclosure and causation presumptions. After stalled negotiations the Commission listed the file for withdrawal in its 2025 Work Programme and subsequently confirmed its withdrawal, leaving the EU to rely on existing liability law and the recently adopted AI Act while considering alternative approaches....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于使非合同民事责任规则适应人工智能的指令提案（人工智能责任指令）——委员会提案已撤回", "description_zh": "欧盟的人工智能法：人工智能责任指令 (COM(2022)496) 是欧盟委员会的一项提案，旨在通过减轻举证负担并引入有针对性的披露和因果关系推定，调整非合同民事责任规则，以应对涉及人工智能系统的损害。在谈判陷入僵局后，欧盟委员会在其 2025 年工作计划中列出了撤回文件，并随后确认了撤回，这使得欧盟只能依赖现有的责任法和最近通过的《人工智能法案》，同时考虑其他方法……" }, { "title": "White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0065", "description": "AI law in European Union: The European Commission White Paper published on 19 February 2020 sets out policy options to promote AI excellence and trust across the EU. It proposes a twin-track approach of investment to build an ecosystem of excellence and a risk-based regulatory framework to address specific risks to safety and fundamental rights....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能白皮书：欧洲实现卓越和信任的方法", "description_zh": "欧盟的人工智能法：2020 年 2 月 19 日发布的欧盟委员会白皮书列出了促进整个欧盟人工智能卓越和信任的政策选择。它提出了一种双轨投资方法，以建立卓越的生态系统和基于风险的监管框架，以解决安全和基本权利的特定风险……" }, { "title": "Information Session: Protocols for Text and Data Mining Rights under AI Act and GPAI Code of Practice", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689", "description": "AI law in European Union: This entry documents the European Commission information session and stakeholder consultation on technical protocols to express rights reservations (opt-outs) for Text and Data Mining (TDM) under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the Copyright chapter of the General-Purpose AI (GPAI) Code of Practice. The process is supported by the EUIPO study on generative AI and seeks general agreement on machine-readable opt-out protocols to operationalise Article 53(c) of the AI Act....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息发布会：《人工智能法案》和 GPAI 实践守则下的文本和数据挖掘权协议", "description_zh": "欧盟的人工智能法：本条目记录了欧盟委员会信息会议和利益相关者就技术协议进行的磋商，以根据欧盟人工智能法案和通用人工智能 (GPAI) 实践守则的版权章节表达文本和数据挖掘 (TDM) 的权利保留（选择退出）。该过程得到了 EUIPO 关于生成人工智能的研究的支持，并寻求就机器可读的选择退出协议达成普遍共识，以实施《人工智能法案》第 53(c) 条......" }, { "title": "Template for the public summary of training content for General‑Purpose AI models (training-data transparency template)", "url": "http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj", "description": "AI law in European Union: On 24 July 2025 the European Commission published an Explanatory Notice and a mandatory Template requiring providers of general‑purpose AI (GPAI) models to produce a public summary of the content used for model training. The Template implements Article 53(1)(d) of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and entered into force for new models on 2 August 2025, with a transitional deadline for existing models of 2 August 2027....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用人工智能模型培训内容公开摘要模板（培训数据透明度模板）", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法：2025 年 7 月 24 日，欧盟委员会发布了一份解释性通知和强制性模板，要求通用人工智能 (GPAI) 模型的提供商提供用于模型训练的内容的公开摘要。该模板实施《欧盟人工智能法》第 53(1)(d) 条，并于 2025 年 8 月 2 日对新模型生效，现有模型的过渡期限为 2027 年 8 月 2 日......" }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "Joint Statement on Risk Assessment of Advanced AI Systems (International Network of AI Safety Institutes)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2024/11/20/Joint%20Statement%20on%20Risk%20Assessment%20of%20Advanced%20AI%20Systems.pdf", "description": "Commits to establish a shared scientific basis for AI risk assessments. Requires risk assessments to be actionable, transparent, comprehensive, multistakeholder, iterative, and reproducible. Encourages collaboration among stakeholders and adapting methodologies as AI systems evolve.", "categories": [ "Harms: Ecological harm", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "先进人工智能系统风险评估联合声明（国际人工智能安全研究所网络）", "description_zh": "致力于为人工智能风险评估建立共享的科学基础。要求风险评估具有可操作性、透明性、全面性、多利益相关者、迭代性和可重复性。鼓励利益相关者之间的合作，并随着人工智能系统的发展而调整方法。" }, { "date": "2024-09-23", "title": "Freedom Online Coalition Joint Statement on Responsible Government Practices for AI Technologies", "url": "https://pl.usembassy.gov/freedom-online-coalition-joint-statement-on-responsible-government-practices-for-ai-technologies/", "description": "Urges governments to align AI practices with human rights laws, assess and monitor high-risk AI systems for impacts on equity, fairness, and safety. Requires public disclosure for risks, remedies for harms, support for personnel training, and secure AI procurement processes.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自由在线联盟关于人工智能技术负责任政府实践的联合声明", "description_zh": "敦促各国政府将人工智能实践与人权法结合起来，评估和监控高风险人工智能系统对公平、公正和安全的影响。要求公开披露风险、损害补救措施、支持人员培训以及安全的人工智能采购流程。" }, { "date": "2024-09-08", "title": "Consensus Statement on AI Safety as a Global Public Good", "url": "https://idais.ai/dialogue/idais-venice/", "description": "Recognizes AI safety as a global public good, urging international cooperation on governance. Calls on states to encourage AI Safety Institutes, emergency preparedness, a Safety Assurance Framework, and independent verification research. Emphasizes global coordination, independent audits, and comprehensive verification of AI safety claims.", "categories": [ "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全作为全球公共产品的共识声明", "description_zh": "承认人工智能安全是全球公共产品，敦促国际治理合作。呼吁各州鼓励人工智能安全研究所、应急准备、安全保证框架和独立验证研究。强调人工智能安全声明的全球协调、独立审计和全面验证。" }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/1680afae3c", "description": "Ensures AI activities align with human rights, democracy, and the rule of law and requires measures for transparency, accountability, non-discrimination, and privacy protection. Establishes oversight guidelines and risk management frameworks for signatories and encourages cooperation between signatories and with other states on AI-related issues.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约", "description_zh": "确保人工智能活动符​​合人权、民主和法治，并需要采取透明、问责、非歧视和隐私保护措施。为签署方建立监督指南和风险管理框架，并鼓励签署方之间以及与其他国家在人工智能相关问题上的合作。" }, { "date": "2024-03-11", "title": "Consensus Statement on Red Lines in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://idais.ai/idais-beijing/", "description": "Encourages governance development through domestic regulations and international collaboration to enforce red lines and ensure AI safety.", "categories": [ "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能红线共识声明", "description_zh": "通过国内法规和国际合作鼓励治理发展，以落实红线并确保人工智能安全。" }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "title": "Political Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy", "url": "https://www.state.gov/political-declaration-on-responsible-military-use-of-artificial-intelligence-and-autonomy-2/", "description": "Requires endorsing States to ensure military AI use aligns with international law. Mandates oversight, transparency, and rigorous testing for military AI systems. Urges minimizing bias, implementing safeguards, clear system functions, and staff training. Promotes public commitment and international cooperation for responsible AI deployment.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于负责任地军事使用人工智能和自主权的政治宣言", "description_zh": "要求认可国家确保军事人工智能的使用符合国际法。要求对军事人工智能系统进行监督、透明度和严格测试。敦促最大限度地减少偏见、实施保障措施、明确系统功能和员工培训。促进负责任的人工智能部署的公共承诺和国际合作。" }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "IDAIS-Oxford Statement (2023)", "url": "https://idais.ai/idais-oxford/", "description": "Urges global cooperation between governments and AI developers to manage AI risks through the implementation of mandatory registration, third-party audits for advanced AI models, and immediate shutdown procedures for unsafe AI. Calls on AI developers and government agencies to increase investments into AI safety and governance research.", "categories": [ "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IDAIS-牛津声明 (2023)", "description_zh": "敦促各国政府和人工智能开发商进行全球合作，通过实施强制注册、先进人工智能模型的第三方审核以及针对不安全人工智能的立即关闭程序来管理人工智能风险。呼吁人工智能开发者和政府机构增加对人工智能安全和治理研究的投资。" }, { "date": "2023-10-30", "title": "Hiroshima Process International Guiding Principles for Advanced AI Systems", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/hiroshima-process-international-guiding-principles-advanced-ai-system", "description": "Establishes international guiding principles on AI development and deployment, which include proactive risk identification and mitigation, public disclosure of AI systems' capabilities, information sharing among government, industry, and civil society stakeholders, data privacy protection measures, and content authentication and provenance mechanisms.", "categories": [ "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "广岛进程高级人工智能系统国际指导原则", "description_zh": "制定人工智能开发和部署的国际指导原则，包括主动识别和缓解风险、公开披露人工智能系统的能力、政府、行业和民间社会利益相关者之间的信息共享、数据隐私保护措施以及内容认证和来源机制。" }, { "date": "2022-12-01", "title": "TTC Joint Roadmap on Evaluation and Measurement Tools for Trustworthy AI and Risk Management", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2022/12/04/Joint_TTC_Roadmap_Dec2022_Final.pdf", "description": "Establishes a joint roadmap by the U.S. and EU for AI risk management and trustworthy AI development. Advances shared terminologies, international standardization, and tools for monitoring AI risks. Promotes stakeholder engagement and cooperation on AI governance, standards, and methodologies.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TTC 可信人工智能和风险管理评估和测量工具联合路线图", "description_zh": "美国和欧盟制定人工智能风险管理和值得信赖的人工智能发展联合路线图。推进共享术语、国际标准化和监控人工智能风险的工具。促进利益相关者在人工智能治理、标准和方法方面的参与与合作。" }, { "date": "2019-06-09", "title": "G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy (Annex \"G20 AI Principles\")", "url": "", "description": "Encourages stakeholders to engage in responsible AI development for positive societal outcomes. Requires AI systems to be transparent, robust, secure, and accountable. Promotes public and private investment in AI R&D. Supports international cooperation and the development of global standards.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20贸易和数字经济部长声明（附件《G20人工智能原则》）", "description_zh": "鼓励利益相关者参与负责任的人工智能开发，以取得积极的社会成果。要求人工智能系统透明、稳健、安全且负责任。促进公共和私人对人工智能研发的投资。支持国际合作和全球标准的制定。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "European Commission publishes AI Act implementation guidance for high-risk systems ahead of August deadline", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai", "description": "The European Commission released detailed guidance documents for providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems ahead of the August 2, 2026 enforcement deadline. The guidance covers conformity assessments, technical documentation requirements, and risk management systems under Articles 6-49 of the EU AI Act.", "categories": [ "Standards", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会在 8 月截止日期之前发布针对高风险系统的人工智能法案实施指南", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会在 2026 年 8 月 2 日执行截止日期之前发布了针对高风险人工智能系统提供商和部署者的详细指导文件。该指南涵盖了《欧盟人工智能法》第 6-49 条规定的合格评定、技术文件要求和风险管理系统。" }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "EU Parliament agree on proposals to simplify AI Act and propose clear application dates for high-risk system requirements and a ban on AI “nudifier” systems", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260323IPR38829/artificial-intelligence-act-delayed-application-ban-on-nudifier-apps", "description": "MEPs have agreed on proposals to simplify artificial intelligence rules and propose clear application dates for high-risk system requirements and a ban on AI “nudifier” systems.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟议会同意简化人工智能法案的提案，并提出高风险系统要求的明确申请日期和禁止人工智能“裸体”系统", "description_zh": "欧洲议会以 569 票赞成、45 票反对、23 票弃权的结果通过了修改欧盟人工智能法案的简化提案的立场，这推迟了对高风险人工智能系统的某些规则的应用，以确保为公司准备好指导和标准。欧洲议会议员建议，对于特定的高风险人工智能系统，固定申请日期为 2027 年 12 月 2 日；对于欧盟部门立法涵盖的系统，固定申请日期为 2028 年 8 月 2 日；对于遵守人工智能生成内容的水印规则，固定申请日期为 2026 年 11 月 2 日。此外，欧洲议会议员还寻求禁止“裸露”系统，该系统未经同意即可创建可识别个人的露骨图像，同时允许具有有效安全措施的系统例外。他们支持采取措施，使服务提供商能够处理个人数据，以检测人工智能系统中的偏见，并采取必要的保障措施，将支持措施扩大到中小型企业，并主张对已经受欧盟特定行业法律监管的产品在《人工智能法案》下减少严格的义务。现在可以开始与欧盟理事会就该法律的最终形式进行谈判。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "MEPs support postponement of certain rules under the AI Act", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260316IPR38219/meps-support-postponement-of-certain-rules-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "MEPs agree on proposals to simplify artificial intelligence rules and propose bans on AI “nudifier” systems and clear application dates for high-risk system requirements.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Omnibus" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会议员支持推迟《人工智能法案》下的某些规则", "description_zh": "内部市场和公民自由委员会就修订《欧盟人工智能法》的简化提案采取了联合立场，以 101 票赞成、9 票反对和 8 票弃权，建议将针对特定应用的高风险人工智能系统的某些规则推迟至 2027 年 12 月 2 日，针对欧盟部门立法的规则推迟至 2028 年 8 月 2 日，同时支持将人工智能生成内容加水印的合规期限延长至 2026 年 11 月 2 日。允许服务提供商处理个人数据，以采取必要的保障措施来检测人工智能系统中的偏见，将支持措施扩大到中小型企业，并倡导对已受特定行业法律监管的产品减轻《人工智能法案》规定的严格义务，预计议会授权将于 2026 年 3 月 26 日获得批准后，预计将与理事会进行谈判。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor source on AI Act implementation", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2026-03/26-03-17_edps-compass-under-ai-act-2026-2027_en.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 17 March 2026 for European Union concerning European Data Protection Supervisor adopts strategy for supervising systems under EU AI Act. See the linked edps.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构根据欧盟人工智能法案采取监管系统策略", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 制定了指南，概述了它将如何作为欧盟各机构、团体、办公室和机构使用的人工智能系统的市场监督机构和公告机构，履行《欧盟人工智能法案》下的新任务。它适用于欧盟公共行政部门内部署的人工智能系统，特别是高风险系统，包括生物识别和招聘工具。它建立了一个两级监管框架，结合了对某些高风险系统的事前合格评定和事后市场监督和执法，以及涵盖监管、监管协调、机构能力建设和国际合作的四大战略支柱。据称，EDPS 将引入执行程序、审计、沙盒测试和知识共享机制，同时加强技术专业知识并确保其角色之间的独立性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "European Council agrees position to streamline rules on AI", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/03/13/council-agrees-position-to-streamline-rules-on-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 13 March 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲理事会同意简化人工智能规则的立场", "description_zh": "欧洲理事会已同意一项简化人工智能法案规则的提案，作为“综合七号”立法计划的一部分，旨在简化欧盟的数字立法框架并协调人工智能法规。塞浦路斯欧洲事务副部长 Marilena Raouna 强调了这一提案的紧迫性，以增强欧盟的数字主权，提供更大的法律确定性和相称性，同时确保成员国一致实施。主要修正案包括禁止生成未经同意的性内容、应用高风险人工智能规则的固定时间表以及人工智能系统在欧盟数据库中注册的义务。该提案还将人工智能监管沙箱的建立推迟至2027年12月，并明确了人工智能办公室的监管权限。理事会批准后，与欧洲议会的谈判将开始，以响应欧洲理事会关于简化监管框架以提高竞争力并减轻企业（特别是中小企业）负担的呼吁。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "European Commission opens consultation on draft implementing regulation on conduct of certain proceedings pursuant to EU AI Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16472-Artificial-Intelligence-Act-detailed-arrangements-on-evaluations-and-proceedings_en", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu) dated 12 March 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability", "Ai Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就根据《欧盟人工智能法》开展某些程序的实施条例草案展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就有关《欧盟人工智能法》下诉讼程序实施的实施条例草案展开磋商。草案：(1) 要求人工智能提供商应委员会要求及时提供对 API、源代码和基础设施等必要元素的访问，并可能强制要求禁用可跟踪此类访问的日志记录措施； (2) 规定访问级别必须与提供商员工的访问级别相同，并概述针对通用人工智能模型提供商启动和结束诉讼的程序，包括针对紧急健康或安全风险的临时措施； (3) 包括对收件人的程序保障、保护商业秘密的规则，并规定罚款的五年时效期限； (4) 强制执行数字通信要求，包括合格的电子签名； (5) 为参与评估的专家的独立性制定标准，确保他们不存在利益冲突。咨询将于 2026 年 4 月 9 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "EU set to ban AI nudification apps in wake of Grok scandal", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/next/2026/02/11/european-commission-interpol-and-100-others-call-to-outlaw-ai-nudification-tools", "description": "Primary source (euronews.com) dated 11 March 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Grok 丑闻后，欧盟将禁止人工智能裸体应用程序", "description_zh": "据报道，欧盟正在考虑禁止人工智能驱动的“裸体”工具，例如 X 的 Grok，这些工具已被用来生成未经同意的女性和未成年人的露骨图像。此举是在全球强烈反对 Grok 的“辣味模式”之后做出的，该模式允许用户创建性感的深度赝品。欧盟大使将于周五批准的一项提案将规定，在欧盟销售任何能够生成涉及真人的未经同意的色情视频、图像或音频文件的人工智能系统都是非法的。作为背景，欧盟委员会一直在调查 X（前身为 Twitter）和 Grok 是否可能违反《数字服务法》，并正在考虑将此类人工智能生成的色情图像归类为《人工智能法》下不可接受的风险。此外，包括国际特赦组织和国际刑警组织在内的 100 多个组织呼吁对这些工具采取紧急行动，强调它们对儿童安全和人类尊严的重大威胁。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 406", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "European Commission source on AI governance", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-second-draft-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content", "description": "Official source record dated 5 March 2026 for European Union concerning European Commission opens consultation on second draft Code of Practice on marking and labelling of AI-generated content. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就人工智能生成内容的标记和标签实践准则第二稿展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就人工智能生成内容透明度实践准则第二稿展开磋商。该行为准则规定了《人工智能法》第 50 条规定的人工智能系统生成内容的提供商和部署者的义务。它包括两部分，第一部分涵盖了根据《人工智能法》第 50(2) 和 (5) 条适用于生成人工智能系统提供商的人工智能生成和操纵内容的标记和检测规则，另一部分涵盖了根据《人工智能法》第 50(4) 和 (5) 条适用于人工智能系统部署者的深度伪造品和人工智能生成和操纵的已发布文本的标记规则。第二稿纳入了利益相关者的反馈。 《人工智能法案》规定的透明度义务于 2026 年 8 月 2 日生效。磋商于 2026 年 3 月 30 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "European Commission release guidelines on the ethical use of AI and data in teaching and learning", "url": "https://education.ec.europa.eu/kk/focus-topics/digital-education/action-plan/ethical-guidelines-for-educators-on-using-ai", "description": "Artificial intelligence is becoming more present in everyday education, from tools to learn new languages to course support and lesson preparation. AI offers major opportunities, but also raises ethical, legal and pedagogical questions.", "categories": [ "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会发布关于在教学中道德使用人工智能和数据的指南", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会更新了关于在教学中道德使用人工智能和数据的指南，以解决人工智能在教育中的日益融合、《人工智能法案》等法规的引入，以及对人工智能道德素养日益增长的需求。这些指南为中小学教育工作者提供了实用支持，提供了工具、场景以及《人工智能法案》和《通用数据保护条例》等法律背景的解释。他们的目标是让教师能够做出明智的道德决策，提高他们在管理风险的同时利用人工智能优势的技能，并提高在教育环境中负责任地使用人工智能的意识。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Report examines copyright challenges and opportunities in generative artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-10-2026-0019_EN.html", "description": "Primary source (europarl.europa.eu) dated 25 February 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "报告探讨了生成人工智能的版权挑战和机遇", "description_zh": "欧洲议会发布了一份题为“版权和生成人工智能——机遇与挑战”的报告，由报告员阿克塞尔·沃斯撰写。本报告探讨了版权法和生成人工智能技术的交叉点，强调了人工智能生成内容的潜在好处和挑战。它引用了关键的法律框架，包括《欧盟运作条约》、《欧盟基本权利宪章》以及《伯尔尼公约》和《TRIPS 协议》等各种国际协议。该报告强调需要采取平衡的方法，促进创新，同时确保在不断发展的数字环境中保护知识产权。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Data Protection Authorities adopt joint statement on AI generated imagery raising concerns on defamatory content and harm to vulnerable groups", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/fb1br3d4/20260223-iewg-joint-statement-on-ai-generated-imagery.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ico.org.uk) dated 23 February 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于人工智能生成图像的联合声明，引起人们对诽谤性内容和对弱势群体伤害的担忧", "description_zh": "包括来自澳大利亚、西班牙、香港、新西兰、韩国、新加坡、瑞士和欧洲数据保护委员会在内的 61 个数据保护机构通过了一份联合声明，对人工智能系统在未经同意的情况下生成可识别个人的真实图像和视频的担忧，强调可能出现未经同意的亲密图像、诽谤性内容以及对弱势群体造成伤害。该声明强调了遵守现有隐私和数据保护法的必要性，并指出此类创作在许多司法管辖区可能属于刑事犯罪，并呼吁采取强有力的保障措施、有意义的透明度、可访问的内容删除机制以及加强对儿童的保护，同时申明监管机构致力于协调执法、政策和教育工作。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Commission notifies Meta of possible interim measures to reverse exclusion of third-party AI assistants from WhatsApp", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_310", "description": "The European Commission has sent a Statement of Objections to Meta, setting out its preliminary view that Meta breached EU antitrust rules by excluding third party Artificial Intelligence (‘AI\\') assis", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会通知 Meta 可能采取的临时措施，以扭转第三方人工智能助手被 WhatsApp 排除的情况", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会针对 Meta 的初步调查结果发布了一份反对声明，该调查结果表明该公司将第三方通用人工智能助手排除在 WhatsApp 平台之外，违反了欧盟反垄断规则。继 2025 年 10 月宣布并于 2026 年 1 月实施政策更新后，Meta 据称利用其在 EEA 消费者通信应用市场的主导地位来支持自己的工具 Meta AI，同时有效禁止竞争对手。委员会认为，WhatsApp 是接触消费者的关键切入点，而 Meta 的限制性行为提高了进入壁垒并边缘化了规模较小的竞争对手，从而带来了造成严重且无法弥补的损害的紧迫风险。因此，委员会打​​算根据第 1/2003 号条例第 8(1) 条实施临时措施，以在正式调查继续进行的同时保护市场竞争。这项法律行动覆盖整个欧洲经济区（不包括意大利），意大利国家当局已经采取了行动，并为 Meta 提供了检查调查文件并在就这些保护措施做出任何最终决定之前提出正式辩护的机会。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "European Commission issues opinion on Danish Bill amending Copyright Act, introducing performance protection and protection against digitally generated imitations", "url": "https://technical-regulation-information-system.ec.europa.eu/en/notification/27420", "description": "The TRIS website makes it easy for you or your organization to share your views on any given notification.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就修改版权法的丹麦法案发表意见，引入性能保护和针对数字生成的模仿的保护", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会根据指令 (EU) 2015/1535 第 5(2) 条就丹麦修订《版权法》的法案草案发表了意见，该法案引入了两种新的版权保护形式：一项是禁止在未经同意的情况下向公众提供真实的数字生成的个人特征模仿品的一般权利，另一个是允许表演者控制对其表演的模仿品的公开提供的相关权利。委员会对新相关权的范围、其与现有欧盟版权法的相互作用、拟议的 50 年事后保护期以及在线内容共享服务的责任制度表示担忧。此外，委员会强调需要与《欧盟人工智能法案》保持一致，指出所需的标签不应影响对数字生成仿制品保护的相似性或混淆的评估。委员会敦促丹麦修改该法案草案，以确保符合欧盟版权立法和欧盟人工智能法案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "European Union and Vietnam adopt joint statement on upgrading relations to Comprehensive Strategic Partnership", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_255", "description": "1. The European Union (EU) and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (Viet Nam) (hereinafter referred to as “Both sides”) confirm the importance of a partnership based on common interests and shared valu", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟与越南通过关于将关系提升为全面战略伙伴关系的联合声明", "description_zh": "欧盟和越南通过了一份联合声明，正式将双方关系升级为全面战略伙伴关系，此举加强了EVFTA等现有框架，同时建立了安全和技术合作的新支柱。在该协议中，双方将网络安全和数字化转型确定为关键优先事项，承诺加强执法机构之间的合作，打击跨国有组织犯罪，包括网络犯罪、洗钱和贸易欺诈。此次合作还扩展到数字经济和基础设施领域，特别关注交换技术信息以及确保 5G、半导体和人工智能的供应链安全。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "European Parliament adopts resolution on copyright and generative AI", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260126IPR32636/protect-copyrighted-work-used-by-generative-ai-say-legal-affairs-meps", "description": "Access to high quality data to train generative AI in the EU should go hand in hand with fair remuneration for the creative sector.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会通过关于版权和生成人工智能的决议", "description_zh": "欧洲议会法律事务委员会通过了一项关于版权和生成人工智能的决议 (2025/2058(INI))，以解决人工智能生成内容的法律地位以及在训练数据集中使用受保护作品的问题。该决议敦促欧盟委员会评估当前欧盟版权框架处理法律不确定性和竞争影响的能力，同时确保薪酬机制继续支持艺术创作。主要建议包括对使用受保护内容的通用人工智能模型提供商承担立即报酬义务、根据 CDSM 指令建立“选择退出”机制的机器可读标准，以及为 EUIPO 管理的这些选择退出建立中央登记册。该决议要求人工智能提供商提供严格的透明度和源文件，并提出不可反驳的使用推定，如果不履行这些义务，则需承担法律费用。议会坚持认为，人工智能生成的内容必须仍然没有资格获得版权保护，并属于公共领域，同时责成委员会制定措施，打击人工智能生成输出造成的侵权行为。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Commission investigates Grok and X's recommender systems under the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_203", "description": "The European Commission has launched a new formal investigation against X under the Digital Services Act (DSA).", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会根据《数字服务法》调查 Grok 和 X 的推荐系统", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 对 X 发起了新的正式调查。新的调查将评估该公司是否正确评估和减轻了与将 Grok 的功能部署到欧盟 X 相关的风险。这包括与在欧盟传播非法内容相关的风险，例如操纵的露骨色情图片，包括可能构成儿童性虐待材料的内容。这些风险似乎已经成为现实，使欧盟公民面临严重伤害。有鉴于此，委员会将进一步调查 X 是否遵守其 DSA 义务： (1) 认真评估和减轻系统性风险，包括非法内容的传播、与性别暴力相关的负面影响，以及将 Grok 的功能部署到其平台而对身心健康造成的严重负面影响； (2) 在部署之前，针对 X 服务中的 Grok 功能进行并向委员会提交一份临时风险评估报告，该报告对 X 的风险状况产生重大影响。与此同时，委员会扩大了其于 2023 年 12 月启动的持续调查，调查 X 是否已正确评估和减轻 DSA 中定义的与其推荐系统相关的所有系统性风险，包括其最近宣布转向基于 Grok 的推荐系统的影响。如果得到证实，这些失败将构成违反 DSA 第 34(1) 和 (2)、35(1) 和 42(2) 条的行为。委员会将继续收集证据，例如通过发送额外的信息请求、进行访谈或检查，并且在没有对 X 服务进行有意义的调整的情况下可能会采取临时措施。虽然正式程序的启动不会预先判断其结果，但它授权委员会采取进一步的执法措施，例如通过不遵守决定。委员会还有权接受 X 做出的任何承诺，以纠正诉讼中的事项。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "European Council amends EuroHPC JU to pave the way for the creation of AI gigafactories", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2026/01/16/artificial-intelligence-council-paves-the-way-for-the-creation-of-ai-gigafactories/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 16 January 2026 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲理事会修订 EuroHPC JU 为创建人工智能超级工厂铺平道路", "description_zh": "欧洲理事会通过了管理欧洲高性能计算联合组织 (EuroHPC JU) 活动的法规修正案，扩大了其目标，以促进在欧洲创建人工智能超级工厂，并纳入专门的量子技术支柱。修订后的条例还规定了融资和采购规则，同时维护初创企业和规模化企业的利益。该法规将于 2026 年 1 月 19 日在欧盟官方公报上发布，并于次日生效。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "EMA and FDA set common principles for AI in medicine development", "url": "https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-fda-set-common-principles-ai-medicine-development-0", "description": "EMA and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have jointly identified ten principles for good artificial intelligence (AI) practice in the medicines lifecycle.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EMA 和 FDA 为人工智能在药物开发中的应用制定了共同原则", "description_zh": "欧洲药品管理局 (EMA) 和美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 联合制定了在整个药品生命周期中负责任地使用人工智能的十项原则。这些原则为人工智能在证据生成和监测中的应用提供了广泛的指导，涵盖从早期研究和临床试验到制造和安全监测。这些原则针对药品开发商和营销授权持有者，旨在支持各自管辖范围内的未来人工智能指导，并促进监管机构、技术标准组织和其他利益相关者之间加强国际合作。该举措以 EMA 于 2024 年发布的人工智能反思论文为基础，并与欧盟委员会的生物技术法案提案保持一致，该提案强调了人工智能加快开发安全有效药物的潜力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "European Commission orders X to retain all documents relating to Grok", "url": "https://www.brusselstimes.com/1909533/european-commission-orders-x-to-retain-all-documents-relating-to-grok", "description": "The European Commission has ordered Elon Musk's social media platform X to retain all documents and data relating to its AI chatbot Grok until the end of 2026.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会命令 X 保留与 Grok 相关的所有文件", "description_zh": "据悉，欧盟委员会已下令社交媒体平台 X 保留与其人工智能聊天机器人 Grok 相关的所有内部文件和数据，直至 2026 年底。该指令是在指控 Grok 生成露骨的深度伪造图像（包括涉及未成年人的图像）之后发布的。虽然尚未启动正式调查，但委员会强调了这些指控的严重性，指出此类行为是非法的，侵犯了基本权利。就背景而言，X 于 2025 年 12 月因违反《数字服务法》规定的透明度义务而被罚款 1.2 亿欧元，这是委员会首次实施此类处罚。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "European Commission opens consultation on code of practice on marking and labelling on AI-generated content", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/first-draft-code-practice-transparency-ai-generated-content", "description": "This first draft of the Code addresses key considerations for providers and deployers of AI systems generating content falling within the scope of Article 50(2) and (4).", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就人工智能生成内容的标记和标签行为准则展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会就人工智能生成内容的标记和标签实践准则初稿展开了磋商。该草案旨在帮助提供商和部署者履行《人工智能法案》第 50 条规定的义务，该条款要求提供商以机器可读的格式标记人工智能生成或操纵的内容，并要求用户出于专业目的部署生成人工智能系统，以标记涉及公共利益问题的深度伪造品和人工智能文本出版物。该《实践守则》由两部分组成，第一部分针对生成人工智能系统的提供商，涵盖标记和检测人工智能内容的规则，另一部分针对部署者，解决深度伪造品的标签以及涉及公共利益问题的特定人工智能生成或操纵文本的问题。该准则预计将于 2026 年 6 月完成，《人工智能法案》中涵盖人工智能生成内容的透明度规则将于 2026 年 8 月 2 日生效。咨询将于 2026 年 1 月 23 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "European Commission proposes package of new measures to improve health and the healthcare sector, including some AI-related measures", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/commission-proposes-new-measures-improve-health-and-healthcare-sector-2025-12-16_en", "description": "The European Commission has put forward a raft of new measures that will improve the health of Europeans and contribute to a more modern, efficient, and resilient healthcare sector in the EU.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会提出一揽子改善健康和医疗保健部门的新措施，包括一些与人工智能相关的措施", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会昨天发布了新的健康计划，其中包括对《人工智能法案》如何适用于医疗技术的重大修订。值得注意的是，该提案将把医疗器械法规 (MDR) 和体外诊断法规 (IVDR) 从附件一的 A 节改为 B 节。虽然看似技术性问题，但这一修正案解决了行业长期以来对监管摩擦的担忧；它从要求立即、并行遵守两套法律转向采取更加综合的方法。根据 B 节，合规性将主要通过现有的特定部门制度来实现，并通过未来的二级立法澄清《人工智能法案》的义务，这可能会简化高风险医疗技术的审批流程。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "EU Council approve EuroHPC initiative for start-ups to boost European leadership in trustworthy AI, proceeding to Parliament", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/12/09/ai-council-adopts-position-on-the-updated-regulation-to-create-ai-gigafactories/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 9 December 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟理事会批准针对初创企业的 EuroHPC 倡议，以提升欧洲在可信人工智能领域的领导地位，并提交议会", "description_zh": "欧洲理事会已就修订法规 (EU) 2021/1173 的提案采取了立场，该提案涉及针对初创企业的 EuroHPC 计划，以提升欧洲在可信人工智能领域的领导地位。该修正案为 EuroHPC 联合组织 (EuroHPC JU) 的活动制定了框架，并更新了 EuroHPC JU 治理结构。它的目标是在欧洲建立人工智能超级工厂，并在 EuroHPC JU 的活动中建立量子支柱。人工智能超级工厂将通过公私合作伙伴关系得到支持。该修正案还概述了建立和运营此类超级工厂的框架，以及融资和采购规则。该修正案允许将未使用的欧盟资金重新分配给该项目。最后，修正案引入了对第三国参与的保障措施。下一步，欧洲议会预计将于 2025 年 12 月 17 日给出意见，之后该法规将等待最终通过。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Canada and the European Union enhance digital partnership focusing on AI cooperation", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-union-and-canada-strengthen-their-digital-partnership-focus-artificial-intelligence", "description": "The EU and Canada reinforced their cooperation and reaffirmed shared interests to boost competitiveness, innovation and economic resilience during the first Digital Partnership Council held in Montreal, Canada.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拿大和欧盟加强数字伙伴关系，重点关注人工智能合作", "description_zh": "加拿大-欧盟数字合作委员会召开会议并宣布深化现有合作，特别是在人工智能标准、法规和人才开发领域，同时致力于推进七国集团人工智能采用路线图的实施。该伙伴关系旨在加强基础研究方面的科学合作，促进信息共享，以确保对人工智能治理采取协调一致的方法，并在关键经济部门负责任地采用人工智能系统，进一步巩固跨大西洋数字政策的一致性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "International Network of AI Safety Institutes rebrand away from \"safety\" to focus on scientific measurements", "url": "https://www.uktech.news/ai/ai-safety-institutes-rebrand-to-focus-on-scientific-measurements-20251209", "description": "An international coalition of AI Safety Institutes is rebranding itself to reflect its focus on measurement and evaluation of AI models.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国际人工智能安全研究所网络重塑品牌，从“安全”转向专注于科学测量", "description_zh": "据悉，由澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、日本、肯尼亚、韩国、新加坡、英国和美国等国家组成的国际人工智能安全研究所网络正在更名为国际高级人工智能测量评估和科学网络，以强调其对人工智能模型的科学测量和评估的承诺（在英国主导呼吁摆脱“安全”标签之后）。英国将担任网络协调员的角色，旨在领导开发用于测试先进人工智能系统的严格方法的工作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "European Commission initiates formal investigation into Google on AI training", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2964", "description": "The European Commission has opened a formal antitrust investigation to assess whether Google has breached EU competition rules by using the content of web publishers, as well as content uploaded on th", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对谷歌人工智能培训发起正式调查", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已对谷歌发起正式调查，以评估该公司是否因将网络出版商和 YouTube 的内容用于人工智能目的而违反了欧盟竞争规则。该委员会正在调查谷歌是否通过向出版商和内容创作者施加不公平条款，或授予自己访问内容的特权，从而使竞争对手的人工智能模型开发商处于不利地位，从而扭曲竞争。具体的担忧包括谷歌在其搜索结果页面上使用网络出版商的内容来生成人工智能服务，例如“人工智能概览”和“人工智能模式”，据称没有适当的补偿，也没有出版商拒绝的选项，从而利用了出版商对谷歌搜索的依赖。此外，调查还涉及谷歌使用 YouTube 上上传的视频和其他内容来训练其生成式 AI 模型，但没有向创作者提供补偿或允许他们选择退出，同时阻止竞争对手的 AI 开发人员将 YouTube 内容用于其模型。这些做法正在根据欧盟运作条约 (TFEU) 第 102 条和欧洲经济区 (EEA) 协议第 54 条进行审查，这些条款禁止滥用市场支配地位。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Canada and EU deepen collaboration on AI and digital credentials and trust services", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-the-european-union-to-deepen-their-collaboration-on-artificial-intelligence-and-digital-credentials-and-trust-services.html", "description": "Minister Solomon hosted first meeting of Canada–European Union Digital Partnership Council", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和欧盟深化人工智能、数字证书和信任服务方面的合作", "description_zh": "在蒙特利尔举行的加拿大-欧盟数字合作理事会首次会议上，埃文·所罗门部长和欧盟委员会执行副主席 Henna Virkkunen 签署了两份谅解备忘录，以加强人工智能和数字证书方面的合作。人工智能备忘录旨在通过框架、标准、技能开发、科学研究和战略部门应用方面的共同努力，加速人工智能的采用并促进其负责任的发展。第二份备忘录重点关注数字凭证和信任服务，双方致力于知识共享、技术测试和标准协调，以支持安全、可互操作系统和未来的相互认可。该倡议是更广泛的欧盟-加拿大未来战略伙伴关系的一部分，强调通过数字合作提高竞争力、创新和经济弹性的共同利益。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "European Commission and European Investment Bank Group partner to support AI Gigafactories", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-and-european-investment-bank-group-team-support-ai-gigafactories", "description": "The European Commission and the European Investment Bank Group (EIB Group) has joined forces to make Europe a leading AI Continent.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会和欧洲投资银行集团合作支持人工智能超级工厂", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会和欧洲投资银行集团宣布了一份谅解备忘录，以合作融资和支持在欧盟各地建立“人工智能超级工厂”。这项努力是更广泛的人工智能大陆行动计划和人工智能创新一揽子计划的一部分，旨在通过提供大量投资和结构性支持，将欧洲定位为值得信赖的人工智能的全球领导者，包括为五个初始人工智能超级工厂和另外13个工厂拨款200亿欧元，以促进下一代人工智能模型和基础设施的开发和扩展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "EU Agency for Fundamental Rights publishes report on assessing high-risk AI fundamental rights risks", "url": "https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2025/assessing-high-risk-ai", "description": "You are seeing this because the administrator of this website has set up Anubis to protect the server against the scourge of AI companies aggressively scraping websites. This can and does cause downtime for the websites, which makes their resources inaccessible for everyone.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟基本权利机构发布高风险人工智能基本权利风险评估报告", "description_zh": "欧盟基本权利机构（FRA）发布了一份关于评估高风险人工智能基本权利风险的报告，研究了欧盟人工智能法案如何管理高风险人工智能系统以及这些系统如何影响基本权利。该报告提出了多项建议，包括（1）监管机构对人工智能系统第 3（1）条的定义进行广义解释，以避免将不太复杂的人工智能系统排除在该法案的监管范围之外； (2) 对附件三高风险系统第 6(3) 条的例外情况进行狭义解释，并强调需要持续监测这些例外情况的应用； (3) 在使用基本权利影响评估、建立评估和减轻基本权利风险的证据基础以及由具有基本权利专业知识的机构进行适当监督方面提供更多指导。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Commission opens antitrust investigation into Meta's new policy regarding AI providers' access to WhatsApp", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2896", "description": "The European Commission has opened a formal antitrust investigation to assess whether Meta\\'s new policy on artificial intelligence (‘AI\\') providers\\' access to WhatsApp may breach EU competition rules.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会对 Meta 关于人工智能提供商访问 WhatsApp 的新政策展开反垄断调查", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已启动正式反垄断调查，以评估 Meta 关于人工智能提供商访问 WhatsApp 的新政策是否可能违反欧盟竞争规则。 Meta 于 2025 年 10 月宣布的新政策，当人工智能是提供的主要服务时，禁止人工智能提供商使用允许企业通过 WhatsApp 与客户沟通的工具，即“WhatsApp 商业解决方案”。企业仍可能使用人工智能工具来实现辅助或支持功能，例如通过 WhatsApp 提供的自动客户支持。委员会担心，此类新政策可能会阻止第三方人工智能提供商通过 WhatsApp 在欧洲经济区（“EEA”）提供服务，从而引发反垄断担忧。正式调查将涵盖除意大利以外的欧洲经济区（以避免与意大利竞争管理局就同一事项正在进行的程序重叠）。这项调查是委员会对欧洲经济区人工智能市场持续监控的一部分。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Withdrawal of AI Liability Directive won't face challenge by EU lawmakers", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 3 December 2025) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能责任指令的撤回不会面临欧盟立法者的挑战", "description_zh": "据报道，欧洲议会法律事务委员会的绝大多数议员投票否决了因欧盟委员会撤回人工智能责任指令立法提案而起诉欧盟委员会的动议。该委员会的投票可能会永远结束人工智能责任指令的提案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "European Commission seeks feedback on AI regulatory sandboxes", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/commission-seeks-feedback-draft-implementing-act-establish-ai-regulatory-sandboxes-under-ai-act", "description": "The Commission is collecting feedback on the rules to set for the establishment and operation of AI regulatory sandboxes as mandated by the AI Act.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会寻求有关人工智能监管沙箱的反馈", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就根据《人工智能法案》建立人工智能监管沙箱的实施法案草案发起公众咨询。这些沙箱旨在提供受控环境，人工智能提供商可以在监管监督下（包括适当时的现实条件）开发、训练、验证和测试创新人工智能系统。该倡议旨在促进人工智能创新并支持遵守《人工智能法案》。请利益相关者在五周的咨询期内提交对实施法案草案的反馈。磋商将于 2026 年 1 月 6 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "European Commission opens consultation on guidance on machine-readable opt-out protocols regarding copyright chapter of GPAI Code of Practice", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/Stakeholder_consultation_and_call_for_expression_of_interest_Measure_1_3_of_the_GPAI_CoP", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就有关 GPAI 实践守则版权章节的机器可读选择退出协议指南展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会开展了一次磋商，作为制定通用人工智能 (GPAI) 实践守则版权章节中指定的机器可读选择退出协议指南的举措的一部分。根据《欧盟人工智能法》第 53(1)(c) 条的要求，《实践守则》第 1.3 条措施要求签署方识别并遵守欧洲或国际标准化组织采用的表示选择退出的机器可读协议。磋商会要求利益相关者就现有的权利保留解决方案提供意见，并呼吁表达参与确定选择退出协议的兴趣，委员会将以列表的形式发布这些协议。咨询于 2026 年 1 月 9 日结束", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "European Union and Singapore discuss reinforcing digital cooperation through Digital Partnership Council, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2851#:~:text=Both%20the%20EU%20and%20Singapore,further%20bridging%20the%20digital%20divide.", "description": "Today, the EU and Singapore held their second Digital Partnership Council meeting in Brussels, reiterating their intention to cooperate across a range of digital areas from Artificial Intelligence (AI) to cybersecurity and beyond.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟和新加坡讨论通过数字合作委员会加强数字合作，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "欧盟和新加坡在布鲁塞尔举行了第二次数字合作委员会会议，重申致力于加强各个数字领域的合作，包括人工智能安全、在线消费者保护、信任服务、网络安全弹性、数据流增强以及半导体和量子技术的联合研究。在人工智能方面，双方重申了人工智能安全合作行政安排的重要性，并讨论了人工智能语言模型的未来交流，例如欧盟语言技术联盟欧洲数字基础设施联盟（ALT-EDIC）和新加坡海狮。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "EU AI Act Whistleblower Tool launched", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-act-whistleblower-tool", "description": "The AI Act Whistleblower Tool, empowers individuals to securely submit a report and contribute directly to make AI in Europe safe transparent, and trustworthy.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案举报工具推出", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会推出了人工智能法案举报工具，使个人能够直接向欧盟人工智能办公室秘密报告涉嫌违反人工智能法案的行为。这个安全平台允许举报人以任何欧盟官方语言匿名提交信息，包括支持文件，并在不影响匿名性的情况下监控其报告的进展。该工具旨在识别可能威胁基本权利、健康或公众信任的潜在违规行为，从而有助于欧洲人工智能技术的安全和透明发展。尽管制定了强有力的保密措施，但自 2026 年 8 月 2 日起，《举报人指令》下针对报复的法律保护将适用于《人工智能法》侵权行为；在此之前，保密仍然是举报人的主要保障。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "EU releases digital omnibus to AI, cybersecurity and data rules", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2718", "description": "Europe\\'s businesses, from factories to start-ups, will spend less time on administrative work and compliance and more time innovating and scaling-up, thanks to the European Commission\\'s new digital package.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟发布人工智能、网络安全和数据规则的数字综合集", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会推出了新的数字一揽子计划，其中包括简化人工智能、网络安全和数据规则的数字综合，并辅以数据联盟战略，为人工智能和欧洲商业钱包释放高质量数据，为企业提供单一数字身份，以简化文书工作，并使在欧盟成员国之间开展业务变得更加容易。在《欧盟人工智能法案》中，数字综合提议：（1）时间线变更（第113条）——将高风险人工智能系统义务的适用日期（目前为2026年8月2日）推迟至技术标准批准后6-12个月，或具体日期为2027年12月和2028年8月，具体取决于附件清单； (2) 降低人工智能素养义务（第 4 条）——从对提供者和部署者实施人工智能素养的法律要求转变为要求委员会和成员国促进人工智能素养并鼓励提供者/部署者采取措施； （3）欧盟人工智能办公室范围扩大（第75条）——指定人工智能办公室作为负责监督和执行某些基于通用人工智能模型的人工智能系统的机构，其中模型和系统由同一提供商开发； (4) 限制在欧盟公共数据库中的注册（第 6 条）——如果人工智能系统用于高风险领域（附件三），但提供商由于使用性质而确定并记录为非高风险，则取消提供商在公共数据库中注册人工智能系统的义务，但仍必须根据要求提供此评估的证据； (5) 中小型企业 (SMC) 的比例原则（第 99 条）——对 SMC（员工人数不超过 750 名、年营业额低于 1.5 亿欧元的公司）引入更小、更比例的合规处罚，这补充了中小企业和初创企业现有的比例原则。该提案将在未来几个月内进行三轮谈判。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 November 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor adopt guidance for AI risk management", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/public", "description": "Primary source (edps.europa.eu) dated 11 November 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构采用人工智能风险管理指南", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构（EDPS）采用了《人工智能系统风险管理指南》，旨在指导作为控制者的欧盟机构、机构、办公室和机构（EUI）在开发、采购和部署人工智能系统时识别和减轻因处理个人数据而产生的风险。该指南根据 ISO 31000:2018 概述了风险管理方法，概述了人工智能系统的开发生命周期及其采购所涉及的步骤，并检查了可解释性和可解释性，作为符合指南中涵盖的所有条款的条件的跨领域关注点。它详细介绍了与公平性、准确性、数据最小化、安全性和数据主体权利相关的风险，将这些原则分解为具体风险，并结合控制者可以实施的技术措施来缓解这些风险。该指南由 EDPS 作为数据保护监管机构发布，不影响《欧盟人工智能法》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "European AI Office initiates the drafting of Code of Practice on transparency of AI-generated content", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/CallExpressionInterestArt50AIATransparency", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室启动起草关于人工智能生成内容透明度的行为准则", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室在独立专家全体会议上启动了关于人工智能生成内容透明度的行为准则草案流程。该实践准则旨在详细说明生成人工智能系统的提供者和部署者如何遵守欧盟人工智能法案第 50(2) 和 (4) 条规定的透明度义务。该准则将促进有效履行这些透明度义务，支持价值链上检测机制和合作的实际安排，使公众能够区分人工智能生成的内容，并减少欺骗、操纵和错误信息的风险。起草过程由人工智能系统提供商和部署者组成的工作组参与，预计将持续 7 个月，目标是在 2026 年 6 月、透明度义务生效日期（2026 年 8 月 2 日）之前发布最终的《实践准则》。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "EU releases reporting template for serious incidents involving general-purpose AI models with systemic risk", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ai-act-commission-publishes-reporting-template-serious-incidents-involving-general-purpose-ai", "description": "The publication of this template promotes consistent and transparent reporting and helps providers demonstrate compliance with the commitments set out in Commitment 9 of the GPAI Code of Practice.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟发布涉及具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型的严重事件报告模板", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了涉及具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型的严重事件的报告模板。该模板旨在用作证明遵守艺术的手段。欧盟人工智能法案第 55(1)(c) 条要求具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型的提供商报告严重事件和解决措施。该模板提供了一组供提供商填写的字段，符合通用人工智能实践准则 (GPAI) 承诺 9 中所需的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor publishes orientations for ensuring data protection compliance when using generative AI systems (Version 2)", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2025-10/25-10_28_revised_genai_orientations_en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (edps.europa.eu) dated 28 October 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构发布了确保使用生成式人工智能系统时数据保护合规性的指导方针（第 2 版）", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 发布了第二版指南，为欧盟各机构、机构、办公室和代理机构 (EUI) 提供最新指南，确保使用生成式人工智能系统和处理个人数据时确保数据保护合规性。此修订版提供了实用的建议和说明，以帮助 EUI 应对技术快速进步的挑战并遵守 (EU) 2018/1725 法规规定的义务。关键更新包括生成式人工智能的精确定义、新的面向行动的合规性检查清单，以帮助评估处理的合法性，以及生成式人工智能系统中角色和职责（控制器、联合控制器或处理器）的澄清。此外，该指南还就建立合法的处理基础、遵守目的限制原则以及在此背景下有效管理数据主体的权利提供了详细的建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "EU and Egypt release joint statement on digital connectivity and data governance, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_2490", "description": "We, the leaders of the European Union and the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter Egypt), held our first EU-Egypt Summit in Brussels, Belgium on 22 October 2025 and concluded the following:\\n\\nToday\\'s S", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟和埃及发布关于数字连接和数据治理的联合声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "欧盟和埃及发表关于数字互联和数据治理的联合声明，重申致力于推进数字化转型合作。此次合作旨在调动投资，创建安全可靠的数字连接并增强数据基础设施。重点领域包括推进网络安全、促进人工智能和数据经济的发展。宣言进一步强调人才发展和数字技能的提高。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "European Commission adopts Apply AI Strategy", "url": "https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/c1afd7d0-ff65-4f84-be48-b0e0949596c5_en", "description": "Primary source (research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu): European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Science | Research and innovation.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会通过应用人工智能战略", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会采用了应用人工智能战略，该框架旨在推动医疗保健、制药、能源、移动和制造等战略和公共部门采用人工智能，同时也支持中小企业。该战略旨在利用人工智能的变革潜力，释放社会效益，例如改进医疗诊断，并提高公共服务效率。该战略的措施包括建立人工智能驱动的医疗保健高级筛查中心，并支持制造业和制药等行业前沿模型的开发，并动员了约 10 亿欧元。该战略鼓励“人工智能优先政策”，同时考虑到该技术的好处和风险，并解决诸如加快上市时间、加强欧盟劳动力为人工智能做好准备以及通过前沿人工智能计划促进创新等挑战。将欧洲数字创新中心转变为人工智能体验中心，建立应用人工智能联盟以促进利益相关者协作，以及建立人工智能观察站来监测趋势，以支持实施。 The Commission also launched the AI Act Service Desk to support the implementation of the AI Act.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "European Commission adopts European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science", "url": "https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/c1afd7d0-ff65-4f84-be48-b0e0949596c5_en", "description": "Primary source (research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu): European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Science | Research and innovation.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会通过欧洲科学人工智能战略", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会 (EC) 通过了欧洲科学人工智能战略 - 为欧洲人工智能科学资源 (RAISE) 铺平道路。该战略提出了欧洲协调一致的方法，以加速人工智能在所有科学学科中的应用，重点是建立欧洲领先的人工智能科学模型，解决研究资源的分散问题，并确保获得计算能力、数据集和研究人才。它将 RAISE 建立为一个虚拟的欧洲研究所，汇集计算、数据、卓越和资金，其双重目标是推进科学人工智能技术（“人工智能的科学”）和将人工智能应用于科学发现（“科学中的人工智能”）。该战略主要由 Horizo​​n Europe 提供资金，自 2021 年以来已投资超过 80 亿欧元，并在 2025 年工作计划中额外分配 16 亿欧元，以及下一个多年财务框架下的未来资金。该文件介绍了卓越和人才的措施，包括培养博士网络、通过人工智能工厂和超级工厂进行计算、通过欧洲开放科学云进行数据集成、到2028年将人工智能相关投资增加一倍的资金激励措施，以及连接成员国、私营部门和欧洲人工智能办公室的结构化治理。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "European Commission issues draft guidance on serious incident reporting under the EU AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/ai-act-commission-issues-draft-guidance-and-reporting-template-serious-ai-incidents-and-seeks", "description": "Stakeholders are encouraged to provide feedback and examples on the interplay with other reporting regimes in this public consultation.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会根据欧盟人工智能法案发布严重事件报告指南草案", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会 (EC) 发布了《欧盟人工智能法案》中关于高风险人工智能系统严重事件报告要求的指南草案。作为背景，欧盟人工智能法案第73条针对涉及高风险人工智能系统的“严重事件”建立了分级报告制度。报告时间表从两 (2) 天到十五 (15) 天不等，具体取决于事件的严重程度和类型。虽然这些要求要到 2026 年 8 月才会生效，但新发布的指南草案阐述了委员会的期望。公众咨询开放至 2025 年 11 月 7 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "European Commission approves joint venture between Meta and Reliance Industries in enterprise AI services market", "url": "https://competition-cases.ec.europa.eu/cases/M.12070", "description": "Searches for published decisions can be carried out under policy area, case number, title and date.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会批准 Meta 和 Reliance Industries 在企业人工智能服务市场成立合资公司", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已批准（通过简化的合并程序）Meta Platforms 和 Reliance Industries 成立合资企业。该合资公司将在企业人工智能服务市场开展业务。委员会发现欧洲经济区不存在竞争问题。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "European Parliament publishes briefing on AI continent action plan", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/775923/EPRS_BRI(2025)775923_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (europarl.europa.eu) dated 22 September 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会发布人工智能大陆行动计划简报", "description_zh": "欧洲议会发布了关于欧盟委员会人工智能大陆行动计划的简报，分析了其在使欧盟成为领先的人工智能中心方面的进展和挑战。该简报强调了技术卓越和信任的双重目标，评估了包括成员国和地方当局的作用在内的多层次治理。它指出了正在进行的措施，包括人工智能法案服务台、人工智能工厂和人工智能技能学院。它还强调了欧洲议会在制定即将出台的立法（包括《云和人工智能发展法案》）以及确保该计划的有效实施方面的作用。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "European Commission opens consultation on drafting guidelines on transparency requirements for certain AI systems under EU AI Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/ConsultationArt50AIATransparency", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就《欧盟人工智能法案》下某些人工智能系统透明度要求起草指南展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就《欧盟人工智能法》第 50 条规定的某些人工智能系统的透明度要求制定指南展开磋商。磋商将重点关注：（1）在与人员的直接互动被认为是显而易见的情况下适用的例外情况、其在执法活动中的使用，以及设计透明度系统的实用方法； （2）人工智能生成的内容和评分技术评估标准存在相同问题； (3) 生物识别分类系统、其在执法中的用途以及告知主体其操作的实用方法； (4) 深度造假内容的披露和执法，以及生成文本以告知公众公共利益问题的人工智能系统，以及人工审查或执法时可能出现的例外情况，以及告知公众的最佳实践； (5) 有关《人工智能法》第 50 条的横向问题。磋商将于 2025 年 10 月 2 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "European AI Office opens call for Expression of Interest Code of Practice on transparent generative AI systems", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/CallExpressionInterestArt50AIATransparency", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室开始征集关于透明生成人工智能系统的兴趣表达实践守则", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室已开始征集有意参与起草第一个透明生成人工智能系统实践准则的过程。该实践准则旨在详细说明生成人工智能系统的提供者和部署者如何遵守欧盟人工智能法案第 50(2) 和 (4) 条规定的透明度义务。该准则将促进有效履行这些透明度义务，支持价值链上检测机制和合作的实际安排，使公众能够区分人工智能生成的内容，并减少欺骗、操纵和错误信息的风险。提交截止日期为 2025 年 10 月 2 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "Commission gathers views on how the DMA can support fair and contestable digital markets and AI sector", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/commission-gathers-views-how-dma-can-support-fair-and-contestable-digital-markets-and-ai-sector-2025-08-27_en", "description": "To that end, the Commission published yesterday a call for evidence with additional information on the DMA review process and the public consultation launched on 3 July, as well as an AI questionnaire .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会就 DMA 如何支持公平和可竞争的数字市场和人工智能领域收集意见", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会正在寻求有关《数字市场法案》(DMA) 如何支持公平且可竞争的数字市场（包括人工智能行业）的反馈。委员会发布了证据征集和人工智能调查问卷，旨在评估 DMA 在促进公平数字市场方面的有效性及其对企业（特别是中小企业）和消费者的影响。目标是确定潜在的改进领域并应对新出现的挑战，例如人工智能服务的推出。收集到的反馈将有助于委员会关于 DMA 审查的报告，该报告将于 2026 年 5 月提交给欧洲议会、理事会和欧洲经济和社会委员会。磋商将于 2025 年 9 月 24 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "European Commission opens consultation on European Biotech Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14627-Biotech-Act_en", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu) dated 4 August 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就《欧洲生物技术法案》展开磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就《欧洲生物技术法案》展开磋商，该法案旨在通过解决监管延迟、资金缺口、基础设施分散、劳动力短缺以及计算和数据资源获取有限等问题来支持欧盟生物技术行业的发展。该法案旨在解决生物技术对数据、存储、计算能力和人工智能日益增长的依赖问题（特别是随着人工智能越来越多地用于加速药物开发并降低生物技术滥用的风险）。该法案预计将制定有针对性的欧盟计划，以加快生物技术领域数字和人工智能解决方案的采用，同时确保其安全和合乎道德的使用。磋商将于 2025 年 11 月 10 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2 August 2025", "title": "GPAI obligations under EU AI Act come into effect", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案下的 GPAI 义务生效", "description_zh": "根据第 113(2) 条，欧盟人工智能法案第五章第八章规定的义务现在适用于通用人工智能 (GPAI) 模型的提供商。从即日起，将模型投放到欧盟市场的 GPAI 模型提供商必须遵守义务，包括准备和维护技术文档、提供训练数据集摘要、发布模型评估以及遵守欧盟版权法。对于被确定构成系统性风险的 GPAI 模型，提供商还需要通知 AI 办公室，评估和记录系统性风险，实施缓解措施，并报告严重事件。此外，未在欧盟境内建立的 GPAI 模型提供商必须在将其模型投放到欧盟市场之前指定驻欧盟的授权代表。授权代表必须将技术文件和联系方式的副本保留十年，并根据要求向人工智能办公室或国家当局提供。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "European Commission source on GPAI implementation", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-general-purpose-ai-code-practice", "description": "Official source record dated 1 August 2025 for European Union concerning General-Purpose AI Code of Practice confirmed as adequate voluntary tool. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用人工智能实践守则被确认为足够的自愿工具", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会和人工智能委员会已确认，由独立专家制定的 GPAI 实践准则是 GPAI 模型提供商证明遵守人工智能法案的充分自愿工具。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "EU unveils mandatory AI training data disclosure template", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/explanatory-notice-and-template-public-summary-training-content-general-purpose-ai-models", "description": "The Template annexed to this Explanatory Notice aims to provide a common minimal baseline for the information to be made publicly available in the Summary of Training Content for general-purpose AI models.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟推出强制性人工智能训练数据披露模板", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了期待已久的模板，要求人工智能开发人员披露其模型中使用的训练数据。与自愿性 GPAI 实践守则不同，此披露对于在欧盟运营的所有模型提供商都是强制性的。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Guidelines on the scope of obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models under the AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidelines-scope-obligations-providers-general-purpose-ai-models-under-ai-act", "description": "These guidelines focus on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models laid down in the AI Act, in light of their imminent entry into application on 2 August 2025.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能法案》下通用人工智能模型提供商的义务范围指南", "description_zh": "鉴于《欧盟人工智能法案》即将于 2025 年 8 月 2 日生效，欧盟委员会发布了关于《欧盟人工智能法案》中规定的通用人工智能模型提供商义务范围的指南。这是一项关键的行政指南，规定了欧盟委员会作为唯一执行者的条款的法律解释。值得注意的点如下： (1) GPAI 模型的计算阈值从每秒 10^{22} 次浮点运算 (FLOP) 增加到 10^{23} 次浮点运算 (FLOP)，对于委员会而言，这反映了训练具有 10 亿个参数的模型通常所需的计算量。此外，模型必须能够生成文本、音频、图像或视频； (2) 对于下游修改，阈值设置为用于训练原始模型的计算资源的三分之一。委员会澄清，如果超过了这一门槛，将被视为新型号将投放市场，下游修改者将必须立即遵守《人工智能法案》，因为祖父条款将不适用； (3) 指南解释了如何适用开源豁免，包括一系列不被视为可接受的做法，例如限制使用、要求额外许可或限制参数（包括模型权重）的公开可用性； (4) 对欧盟市场上已上市型号的祖父条款进行了重要澄清，这些型号必须在 2027 年 8 月之前遵守《人工智能法案》。在这些情况下，提供商不应“对模型进行重新训练或取消学习，因为不可能对过去执行的操作执行此操作，有关训练数据的某些信息不可用，或者检索会给提供商带来不成比例的负担。”", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "AI Office invites providers to sign the GPAI Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ai-office-invites-providers-sign-gpai-code-practice", "description": "The AI Office invites providers of general-purpose AI models to sign the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (Code).", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Office 邀请提供商签署 GPAI 行为准则", "description_zh": "人工智能办公室已邀请通用人工智能模型提供商签署通用人工智能实践守则（代码）。签署方将于 2025 年 8 月 1 日公开上市，随后通用人工智能模型提供商的《人工智能法案》义务将于 2025 年 8 月 2 日生效。提供商通过签名表明他们遵守《行为准则》的意图。签署该准则的提供商将简化遵守《人工智能法案》中通用人工智能模型的义务。对于签署方来说，委员会的执行重点是监督其遵守准则的情况，这提供了更大的可预测性并减少了行政负担。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "International network of AI safety institutes align approaches on agentic AI evaluations", "url": "https://sgaisi.sg/wp-api/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/International-Joint-Testing-Exercise_3JT-Eval-Report-v2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sgaisi.sg) dated 17 July 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能安全机构的国际网络统一了代理人工智能评估方法", "description_zh": "来自整个国际网络的参与者，包括来自新加坡、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟委员会、法国、肯尼亚、韩国和英国的代表齐聚一堂，调整他们的代理评估方法。这是第三次演习，基于网络于 2024 年 11 月和 2025 年 2 月进行的两次联合测试演习的见解。这些演习的目的是让网络进一步完善测试先进人工智能系统的最佳实践。第三次练习的目标是推进人工智能代理评估的科学性，并致力于构建测试人工智能代理的通用最佳实践。此次演习分为两部分——常见风险：敏感信息泄露和欺诈（由新加坡 AISI 牵头）和网络安全（由英国 AISI 牵头）。根据各种公共代理基准的任务评估了开放式和封闭式权重模型的组合。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Final version of the GPAI Code of Practice released", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1787", "description": "Today, the European Commission has received the final version of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, a voluntary tool developed by 13 independent experts, with input from over 1,000 stakeholders, including model providers, small and medium-sized enterprises, academics, AI safety experts, rightsholders, and civil society organisations.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GPAI 实践守则最终版本发布", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了通用人工智能（GPAI）实践守则的最终版本。该准则是由 13 名独立专家自愿开发的工具，得到了 1,000 多个利益相关者的意见，其中包括模型提供商、中小企业、学者、人工智能安全专家、权利持有人和民间社会组织。该准则旨在帮助行业遵守《人工智能法案》关于 GPAI 的规则，该规则将于 2025 年 8 月 2 日生效。一年后，委员会人工智能办公室对新模型和两年后对现有模型强制执行这些规则。该准则由三章组成：透明度和版权，均针对 GPAI 模型的所有提供商；安全和保障，仅与少数最先进模型的提供商相关。委员会将在 GPAI 义务生效之前发布关于 GPAI 的指南，以补充该准则。该指南将明确谁在《人工智能法案》的 GPAI 规则范围之内和之外。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "EU AI Office launches €9 million tender for technical support on GPAI safety", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/funding/eu-ai-office-launches-eu9-million-tender-technical-support-gpai-safety", "description": "Official source record dated 10 July 2025 for European Union concerning EU AI Office launches €9 million tender for technical support on GPAI safety. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室启动 900 万欧元招标，为 GPAI 安全提供技术支持", "description_zh": "人工智能办公室已发起招标，为欧盟人工智能法案的执行获取技术支持，重点是评估和监测欧盟层面通用人工智能（GPAI）模型带来的系统性风险。该举措旨在加强人工智能办公室评估和监督《人工智能法案》遵守情况的能力，特别是与可能对公共安全、安保和基本权利构成重大风险的 GPAI 系统相关的能力。该项目将由数字欧洲计划资助，总预算为 900 万欧元。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "European Parliament source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/IUST_STU(2025)774095", "description": "Official source record dated 9 July 2025 for European Union concerning Commissioned study on generative AI and copyright released. See the linked europarl.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式人工智能委托研究及版权发布", "description_zh": "欧盟议会发布了一项关于生成式人工智能和版权的研究，该研究是应法律事务委员会的要求，由欧洲议会司法、公民自由和机构事务政策部委托进行的。该研究探讨了生成人工智能如何挑战欧盟版权法的核心原则。它强调了人工智能培训实践与当前文本和数据挖掘例外之间的法律不匹配，以及人工智能生成内容的不确定状态。这些发展对欧洲创造力的未来构成了结构性风险，欧洲丰富多样的文化遗产取决于对作者的持续保护和公平报酬。该报告呼吁就输入/输出区别、统一的选择退出机制、透明度义务和公平的许可模式制定明确的规则。为了平衡创新和作者权利，欧洲议会预计将领导改革，反映创造力、作者身份和机器生成表达不断变化的现实。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "European Commission source on AI governance", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-ai-tools-online-platform-researchers-and-industry", "description": "Official source record dated 24 June 2025 for European Union concerning European Commission launches AI tools on online platform for researchers and industry. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会在在线平台上为研究人员和行业推出人工智能工具", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会在其 AI-on-Demand 平台上为人工智能研究人员和行业推出了新功能，包括人工智能市场、需要最少编码的人工智能开发工具，以及用于生成人工智能和大型语言模型的安全解决方案。该平台由欧盟资助的项目 AI4Europe 和 DeployAI 联合开发，为研究人员和行业提供值得信赖的人工智能工具和解决方案。创新者将找到一套以研究人员为中心的数据集、工具和计算资源。中小企业、企业和公共部门组织将能够获得针对行业需求量身定制的值得信赖的工具、资源和即用型人工智能模块。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "EU Parliament to criminalise AI-generated child abuse material", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20250613IPR28905/fight-against-child-sexual-abuse-updated-rules-to-address-new-technologies", "description": "On Tuesday, Parliament adopted its position on draft legislation to improve EU countries’ capacity to fight child sexual abuse effectively.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟议会将人工智能生成的虐待儿童材料定为犯罪", "description_zh": "欧洲议会以压倒性多数投票支持一项指令，该指令将修改将使用人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料（CSAM）的创作、拥有和分享定为犯罪行为（599 票赞成，只有 2 票反对，62 票弃权）。拟议的指令还涵盖与诱骗、性勒索和直播虐待相关的犯罪行为，同时解决了整个欧盟的法律定义和同意年龄问题。该指令现在将与欧盟委员会和欧盟理事会进行三方谈判。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 June 2025", "title": "European Commission calls for experts for EU AI Act scientific panel", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_25_1510", "description": "2025 State of the Digital Decade report urges renewed action on digital transformation and technological sovereignty\\nThe European Commission\\'s State of the Digital Decade 2025 report assessed the EU\\'s", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会呼吁专家加入欧盟人工智能法案科学小组", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已开始征集意向书，挑选 60 名独立专家组成科学小组，支持欧盟人工智能法案的实施和执行。该小组将就通用人工智能模型和系统向欧洲人工智能办公室和国家当局提供建议，特别是在系统性风险、模型分类、评估方法和跨境市场监管方面。该小组还将提醒人工智能办公室注意新出现的风险。通话将于 2025 年 9 月 14 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "EU Parliament think tank releases AI Act implementation timeline", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2025)772906", "description": "The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act regulates AI systems according to the risks they pose, and general-purpose AI (GPAI) models according to their capabilities. Published in July 2024, the AI Act should take at least three years to come fully into effect. Guidelines, standards, and codes that complement the act are expected.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟议会智库发布人工智能法案实施时间表", "description_zh": "欧洲议会研究服务处发布了一份文件，列出了欧盟人工智能法案的实施时间表。关键日期为： (1) 2025 年 2 月 2 日——适用一般规定和禁止的人工智能实践章节； (2) 2025 年 5 月 2 日——GPAI 实践守则准备就绪； (3) 2025 年 8 月 2 日 - 第 3 章第 4 节（高风险人工智能系统中的公告机构和公告机构）、第 5 章（GPAI 模型）、第 7 章（治理）、第 12 章（处罚，对 GPAI 模型提供商的罚款除外）、第 78 条（上市后监控中的保密）； (4) 2026年2月2日——提供高风险人工智能系统分类规则实际实施指南； (5) 2026 年 8 月 2 日 - 其余条款生效，包括对 GPAI 模型提供商的罚款，第 6(1) 条除外； (6) 2027 年 8 月 2 日 - 适用关于高风险人工智能系统分类规则的第 6(1) 条和相应义务。请注意，本时间表文件否认其不应被视为代表欧洲议会的官方立场。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "European Commission has launched targeted stakeholder consultation on implementation of AI Act's rules for high risk systems", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/AIhighrisk2025", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就人工智能法案高风险系统规则的实施启动了有针对性的利益相关者咨询", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发起了有针对性的利益相关者咨询，以收集利益相关者对人工智能系统实际例子的意见，以及委员会关于高风险人工智能系统分类的指南和关于高风险要求和义务以及人工智能价值链责任的未来指南中需要澄清的问题的意见。就背景而言，根据《人工智能法》第 6 条第(5)款，委员会必须在 2026 年 2 月 2 日之前提供具体说明第 6 条的实际实施的指南，该条规定了高风险分类的规则。磋商将于 2025 年 7 月 18 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "EDPB publishes guidelines on fundamentals of secure AI systems with personal data", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2025-06/spe-training-on-ai-and-data-protection-technical_en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (edpb.europa.eu) dated 5 June 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 发布有关使用个人数据的安全人工智能系统基础知识的指南", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了有关个人数据安全人工智能系统基础知识的培训指南，旨在为人工智能和网络安全领域的专业人士提供支持。这些指南提供了全面的培训框架，包括人工智能术语、人工智能系统的数据隐私方面、隐私增强技术和最佳实践。该计划旨在为网络安全专业人员和人工智能系统开发人员提供人工智能安全和个人数据保护方面的必要技能，将道德和法律原则融入人工智能部署和开发过程。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "EDPB publishes guidelines on law and compliance in AI security and data protection", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2025-06/spe-training-on-ai-and-data-protection-legal_en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (edpb.europa.eu) dated 5 June 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 发布人工智能安全和数据保护方面的法律与合规指南", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了人工智能安全和数据保护法律与合规指南。该计划旨在为数据保护官员提供全面的培训，以解决人工智能安全和个人数据管理方面的技能差距。该指南提供了一个基础，结合了以 GDPR、欧盟人工智能法案和其他相关欧盟法规为重点的实际案例研究。该指南强调了了解组织内人工智能生命周期的重要性以及对数据保护合规性的影响。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 June 2025", "title": "EU issues International Digital Strategy, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1370", "description": "Today, the European Commission and the High Representative are setting out a joint vision for the EU\\'s external action for digital.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟发布国际数字战略，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会和高级代表发布了欧盟国际数字战略，包括涉及人工智能、量子技术、半导体等新兴技术的措施。该战略的要点包括：（1）将数字政策纳入欧盟对外行动，将数字化转型作为地缘政治和经济的核心关切； (2) 通过人工智能工厂等举措加强安全数字基础设施并推进与合作伙伴的技术合作； （3）认识到人工智能的双重用途性质，将其纳入欧盟的共同外交与安全政策（CFSP）和共同安全与防务政策（CSDP）； (4) 概述量子技术、半导体和网络安全方面的国际合作，以增强经济弹性和国家安全； （5）通过“科技商业优惠”引导公共和私人资源支持数字基础设施、人工智能应用和数字公共产品； (6) 重申对多边数字治理框架的承诺，并推进安全、开放和可互操作技术的全球标准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 June 2025", "title": "European Commission seeks approval to conclude the Council of Europe AI Convention through the EU AI Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2025)265&lang=en", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): Register of Commission Documents.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会寻求批准通过《欧盟人工智能法案》缔结欧洲委员会人工智能公约", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会代表欧盟发布了一份关于缔结《欧洲委员会人工智能、人权、民主和法治框架公约》（《人工智能公约》）的理事会决定的提案。该提案寻求批准通过欧盟现有的人工智能法案缔结（即正式实施）人工智能公约，这将使该公约在欧盟内具有完全的法律效力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "EU and UAE negotiate free trade agreement, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1252", "description": "The European Union and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have formally launched negotiations for a bilateral free trade agreement, opening the possibility of the first comprehensive EU trade deal in the Gulf region.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟与阿联酋就涵盖人工智能的自由贸易协定进行谈判", "description_zh": "欧盟与阿联酋正式启动双边自由贸易协定谈判。该协议旨在降低商品关税，加强双方之间的服务、数字贸易和投资流动。该协议预计将为数字贸易和新兴技术合作奠定基础，包括人工智能、金融科技、先进数字基础设施、空间技术和智能物流", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "EU Parliament adopts opinion rejecting AI Liability Directive", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/IMCO-PA-768056_EN.pdf?ref=eutechloop.com", "description": "Primary source (europarl.europa.eu) dated 20 May 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟议会通过意见否决人工智能责任指令", "description_zh": "欧洲议会内部市场和消费者保护委员会（IMCO）建议拒绝《人工智能责任指令》（AILD），认为该指令是多余的，因为最近颁布的《人工智能法案》和修订后的《产品责任指令》已经对人工智能开发者和用户规定了重大义务。 IMCO 对缺乏市场数据、委员会在影响评估中依赖假设情景以及有关定义和程序的未解决问题表示担忧。该委员会警告说，在不评估现有立法效果的情况下继续实施 AILD 可能会阻碍创新，使国家法律体系紧张，并助长“掠夺性诉讼”。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "EIOPA opens consultation into AI and insurance sector", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/eiopa-surveys-european-insurers-their-use-generative-ai-2025-05-15_en", "description": "The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) has launched a new survey today to assess the adoption of generative AI solutions across the EU’s insurance sector. The survey will gather insights both on the current state of implementation and future plans, as well as the governance frameworks that undertakings are developing to address the specific characteristics of this emerging technology.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EIOPA 就人工智能和保险行业展开咨询", "description_zh": "欧洲保险和职业养老金管理局（EIOPA）已开展咨询，以评估欧盟保险行业中生成式人工智能的使用情况。该咨询适用于各种规模的保险企业，旨在了解当前的采用和未来计划，以及现有的治理和风险管理措施。 EIOPA 打算利用汇总的调查结果为监管实践提供信息，促进负责任地使用该技术，并维护消费者保护标准。磋商将于 2025 年 7 月 15 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "European Commission releases analysis of stakeholder feedback on AI definitions and prohibited practices public consultations", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-commission-releases-analysis-stakeholder-feedback-ai-definitions-and-prohibited-practices", "description": "The Commission published a report, prepared by the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) for the EU AI Office, analysing stakeholder feedback from two recent public consultations.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会发布利益相关者对人工智能定义和禁止做法公众咨询反馈的分析", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了一份由欧洲政策研究中心 (CEPS) 为欧盟人工智能办公室编写的报告，分析了利益相关者最近两次公众咨询的反馈。这些磋商的重点是《人工智能法案》的两项监管义务——人工智能系统的定义和禁止的人工智能实践——这些义务自 2025 年 2 月 2 日起开始实施。委员会根据这些公众咨询和其他来源的反馈，起草了关于人工智能系统的禁止实践和定义的非约束性指南，旨在协助提供商和利益相关者有效应用《人工智能法案》。报告指出，（1）利益相关者呼吁对“适应性”和“自主性”等技术术语进行更清晰的定义，警告不要无意中监管传统软件的风险； (2) 被禁止的做法——例如情感识别、社会评分和实时生物识别——引起了人们的极大关注，利益相关者呼吁提供具体的例子来说明什么是被禁止的，什么是不被禁止的。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 May 2025", "title": "EUIPO publishes report on generative AI and copyright", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2024_2029/plmrep/COMMITTEES/JURI/DV/2025/05-12/2025.05.12_item6_Study_GenAIfromacopyrightperspective_EN.pdf?trk=feed-detail_comments-list_comment-text", "description": "Primary source (europarl.europa.eu) dated 9 May 2025 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EUIPO 发布生成式人工智能和版权报告", "description_zh": "欧盟知识产权局（EUIPO）从版权角度发表了一份关于生成式人工智能的广泛研究报告，欧洲议会法律事务委员会（JURI）将对此进行讨论。报告指出（1）尚未出现单一解决方案供权利持有人根据版权指令的文本和数据挖掘例外表达其保留权； (2) 对于如何识别和披露合成内容的性质缺乏共同标准； （3）虽然本案存在一系列持续的法律纠纷，但权利人与生成人工智能开发者之间已达成多项协议； (4)公共当局应支持保留权数据库的建立。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 April 2025", "title": "EU seeks feedback on new rules for General-Purpose AI Models", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/GPAI_Guidelines_Consultation_2025", "description": "The Commission invites stakeholders to bring their practical experience to shape clear, accessible EU rules on general-purpose AI (GPAI) models in a targeted consultation that will contribute to the upcoming Commission guidelines.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟寻求对通用人工智能模型新规则的反馈", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已展开磋商，以告知其即将发布的有关《欧盟人工智能法案》通用人工智能（GPAI）模型规则的指导方针。委员会的指导方针将补充 GPAI 实践守则，旨在澄清关键概念，例如什么被视为 GPAI 模型、何时投放市场，以及在不同情况下谁将被视为 GPAI 模型提供商。它还将解释实践准则应如何减轻模型提供商的合规负担。反馈截止日期为2025年5月22日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 April 2025", "title": "European Commission launches call for tender to establish AI Act Service Desk", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/funding/commission-launches-call-tender-part-efforts-establish-ai-act-service-desk", "description": "To ensure the smooth implementation of the AI Act and address inquiries on its roll-out, the Commission decided to set up a dedicated AI Act Service Desk.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会发起建立人工智能法案服务台招标", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发起了招标，作为建立新的人工智能法案服务台的努力的一部分，该服务台是支持欧盟人工智能法案顺利推出的核心资源。正如人工智能法案所预见的那样，人工智能法案服务台将包括欧盟委员会的单一信息平台，该平台将提供在线互动工具，帮助利益相关者确定他们是否受到法律义务的约束，并了解他们需要采取哪些步骤来遵守。招标截止日期为 2025 年 5 月 19 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Meta to use European user data for AI training after regulatory pause", "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/04/making-ai-work-harder-for-europeans/", "description": "Today, we’re announcing our plans to train AI at Meta using public content —like public posts and comments— shared by adults on our products in the EU. People’s interactions with Meta AI – like questions and queries – will also be used to train and improve our models. This training, which follows the successful launch of Meta AI in Europe last month, will better support millions of people and businesses in the EU by teaching AI at Meta to better understand and reflect their cultures, languages and history.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "监管暂停后，Meta 将使用欧洲用户数据进行人工智能训练", "description_zh": "Meta 在一份声明中宣布，它将开始使用欧盟用户的公共内容来训练其人工智能模型，这标志着在对数据隐私问题进行了一年的监管审查之后，政策发生了重大转变。在此之前，Meta AI 于 2025 年 3 月在欧盟有限推出，落后于在美国和其他全球市场的首次亮相。声明称，“去年，在监管机构澄清法律要求的同时，我们推迟了使用公共内容训练我们的大型语言模型。我们欢迎 EDPB 在 12 月提供的意见，该意见确认我们最初的方法符合我们的法律义务。从那时起，我们与 IDPC 进行了建设性接触，并期待继续为欧洲人民带来生成式人工智能的全部好处。”", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "European Parliamentary Research Service releases briefing paper on defence and AI", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2025)769580", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming modern warfare. Russia's war on Ukraine has demonstrated AI's critical role in intelligence gathering, autonomous systems, and cyber operations. A global AI arms race is therefore gathering speed, with China and the United States vying for leadership and Russia investing heavily in AI capabilities. The EU Strategic Compass for security and defence underscores the growing importance of defence innovation, recognising its strategic value and emphasising the need to strengthen the EU's emerging military technologies, including AI. The EU and it", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会研究服务发布有关国防和人工智能的简报", "description_zh": "欧洲议会研究服务处发布了一份简报，强调了欧洲议会在人工智能国防方面的关键立场和政策改革思路，特别是：（1）倡导对致命性自主武器（LAWS）进行监管和全球禁止； (2) 通过人类控制、法律责任和道德准则促进负责任的军事人工智能发展； (3) 强调强有力的网络安全以及通过联合国就军事人工智能的军民两用性质开展国际合作； (4) 尽管《人工智能法案》排除了军事应用，但议会敦促欧盟理事会在没有有意义的人类控制的情况下防止人工智能法案的出现，并推动根据《特定常规武器公约》在国际上禁止此类法案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board releases report on AI privacy risks and mitigations in large language models", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/support-pool-experts-projects/ai-privacy-risks-mitigations-large_en", "description": "The AI Privacy Risks & Mitigations Large Language Models (LLMs) report puts forward a comprehensive risk management methodology for LLM systems with a number of practical mitigation measures for common privacy risks in LLM systems. In addition, the report provides use cases examples on the application of the risk management framework in real-world scenarios:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会发布大语言模型中人工智能隐私风险和缓解措施的报告", "description_zh": "作为专家支持计划的一部分，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份关于大型语言模型 (LLM) 中的人工智能隐私风险和缓解措施的报告。该报告主要旨在帮助数据保护当局提出一种全面的风险管理方法，以系统地识别、评估和减轻与法学硕士相关的隐私和数据保护风险。该报告通过实际例子，例如用于客户查询的虚拟助理、用于监控和支持学生进度的法学硕士系统以及用于差旅管理的人工智能助手等，来说明风险管理框架的应用。它还引用了支持开发人员和用户管理风险并确保遵守 GDPR 和 AI 法案的工具和方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "EU launches AI Continent Action Plan", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/ai-continent-action-plan", "description": "The European Union is committed and determined to become a global leader in Artificial Intelligence, a leading AI continent.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure", "Compute", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟启动人工智能大陆行动计划", "description_zh": "欧盟推出了人工智能大陆行动计划，概述了一系列大胆行动，使欧盟成为人工智能领域的全球领导者，包括：（1）建设大规模人工智能数据和计算基础设施（到2026年斥资100亿欧元建设13个人工智能工厂，计划建设更强大的人工智能超级工厂，投资200亿欧元，以及旨在5-7年内将数据中心容量提高两倍的云和人工智能发展法案）； (2) 增加对大量高质量数据的访问（通过数据实验室和数据联盟战略）； (3) 开发算法并促进人工智能在欧盟战略部门的采用（通过医疗保健和制造等领域的应用人工智能战略）； (4) 加强人工智能技能和人才（通过人才库、“MSCA 选择欧洲”、人工智能奖学金、人工智能技能学院、生成式人工智能学位试点以及通过欧洲数字创新中心提供的再培训支持）； (5) 简化法规（通过在 2025 年推出 AI Act Service Desk 并向企业提供免费工具和建议）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "AI Office launches consultation on Apply AI Strategy", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/commission-launches-public-consultation-and-call-evidence-apply-ai-strategy", "description": "The Commission’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) Office is launching a call for evidence and public consultation on its Apply AI Strategy, planned to be published later this year.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能办公室启动应用人工智能战略咨询", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会人工智能办公室已就其计划于 2025 年晚些时候发布的《应用人工智能战略》发起了征集证据和公众咨询活动。该战略将成为欧盟战略部门全面采用人工智能的蓝图，包括先进制造业；航天;安全和国防；农产品；活力;环境和气候；移动性和汽车；制药；生物技术；机器人技术；电子通讯；先进的材料设计；和文化创意产业。特别是，磋商包括有关欧盟人工智能法案实施过程中面临的挑战以及委员会和成员国如何更好地支持利益相关者实施立法（包括可能简化人工智能法案合规性）的具体问题。磋商将于 2025 年 6 月 4 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "European Commission launches consultation on Cloud and AI Development Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/have-your-say-future-cloud-and-ai-policies-eu", "description": "The European Commission seeks feedback on the preparatory work for the Cloud and AI Development Act and the single EU-wide cloud policy for public administrations and public procurement", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会启动云和人工智能发展法案咨询", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发起了一项磋商，寻求有关《云和人工智能发展法案》以及欧盟范围内公共管理和公共采购单一云政策准备工作的反馈。特别是，委员会就以下问题征求不同利益相关者的看法：(1)欧盟在云和边缘计算基础设施方面的能力，特别是考虑到数据量和对计算资源的需求不断增加，这两者都是由计算密集型人工智能服务的兴起推动的； (2) 公共部门云服务的使用。磋商将于 2025 年 6 月 4 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "EU preparing AI security and defence roadmap", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 7 April 2025) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟准备人工智能安全和防御路线图", "description_zh": "据报道，作为欧盟外交部门的欧洲对外行动署将正式制定“人工智能在安全和防务领域的实施路线图”，该路线图将阐述欧盟在外交政策和国防领域对人工智能的态度，重点关注人工智能相关的威胁和挑战（例如人工智能网络攻击、信息操纵）、人工智能能力、全球人工智能治理以及与北约等伙伴的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 April 2025", "title": "EU Commission to seek inputs on simplifying AI Act compliance", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 4 April 2025) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会寻求有关简化人工智能法案合规性的意见", "description_zh": "据报道，欧盟委员会将就如何最大限度地减少对《欧盟人工智能法案》的遵守情况征求反馈，作为即将于 2025 年 4 月 9 日宣布的人工智能行动计划的一部分。目前已知，人工智能行动计划将提出 5 个支柱：监管简化、计算基础设施、数据、工业采用和技能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "EU AI Office opens survey on AI literacy practices", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/new-survey-gather-practices-ai-literacy-living-repository", "description": "With the entry into application of article 4 of the AI Act , the AI Office started a living repository of AI literacy practices .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室启动人工智能素养实践调查", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室开展了一项调查，从各组织收集广泛的人工智能素养实践，并将其汇编成一个存储库，以鼓励知识交流并支持实施《欧盟人工智能法案》第 4 条规定的强制性人工智能素养要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "Meta launches limited version of its AI assistant in the EU", "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/03/europe-meet-your-newest-assistant-meta-ai/", "description": "At Meta, we believe that being at the forefront of innovation means being able to move quickly to adopt new and emerging technologies. Since Meta AI launched in the US in 2023, we’ve seen corners of the world embrace free access to an intelligent and conversational assistant, which has seen rapidly enhanced product experiences.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Meta 在欧盟推出人工智能助手限量版", "description_zh": "在面临长达一年的监管延迟后，Meta 宣布其人工智能虚拟助手 Meta AI 最终将在欧盟推出，但与在美国国内市场提供的功能相比，其功能更为有限。欧盟用户将无法生成图像或将自己的图片上传到 Meta AI 来分析和回答相关问题。欧盟推迟推出的主要原因是对数据隐私法规和 GDPR 合规性的担忧。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "European Commission building network of model evaluators", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 19 March 2025) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会建立模型评估员网络", "description_zh": "据悉，欧盟委员会正在建立一个模型评估者网络，以定义如何根据欧盟人工智能法案和 GPAI 实践守则的法律要求评估具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型。虽然该网络的作用仍需要通过 2025 年 8 月发布的实施法案来正式确定，但参与者还可以提供一份“合格”独立审核员的候选名单，人工智能公司和人工智能办公室可以利用这些名单来代表他们进行模型评估。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2025", "title": "EU selects 6 additional AI factories", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/second-wave-ai-factories-set-drive-eu-wide-innovation#:~:text=Austria%2C%20Bulgaria%2C%20France%2C%20Germany,of%20around%20%E2%82%AC485%20million.", "description": "The European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU) has selected six additional Artificial Intelligence (AI) Factories in the EU.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟增选6家人工智能工厂", "description_zh": "欧洲高性能计算联合组织 (EuroHPC JU) 在欧盟另外选择了六家人工智能工厂。在此之前，我们于 2024 年 12 月首次选定了七个人工智能工厂。奥地利、保加利亚、法国、德国、波兰和斯洛文尼亚将主办新选定的人工智能工厂，并得到国家和欧盟总计约 4.85 亿欧元的投资支持。这些工厂将为人工智能初创公司和中小企业（SME）提供特权，促进增长和更有效地扩大规模。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 March 2025", "title": "Third draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice published", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/third-draft-general-purpose-ai-code-practice-published-written-independent-experts", "description": "The Chairs and the Vice-Chairs of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice present the third draft of the Code.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用人工智能实践守则第三稿发布", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了欧盟通用人工智能模型实践守则（守则）第三稿。与前两稿相比，本版《准则》结构更加精简，承诺和措施更加细化。该草案基于一份简明的高层承诺清单，并提供了更详细的措施来落实每项承诺（即2项承诺涉及所有通用人工智能模型提供商的透明度和版权，另外16项承诺仅涉及被归类为具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型提供商的安全和保障）。该准则还发布在新推出的互动网站 (https://code-of-practice.ai/) 上。第三稿反馈的截止日期为 2025 年 3 月 30 日。最终准则预计将于 2025 年 5 月准备就绪。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "European Commission adopts implementing regulation on establishment of a scientific panel of independent experts in the field of AI", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025R0454", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会通过关于建立人工智能领域独立专家科学小组的实施条例", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会通过了关于根据《欧盟人工智能法案》设立人工智能领域独立专家科学小组的实施条例（“委员会实施条例（EU）2025/454”）。该小组的任务包括发布合格警报并请求人工智能办公室提供协助，重点关注《人工智能法案》义务的影响和执行。该条例还概述了发布和处理合格警报的程序，确保人工智能办公室信息和评估的安全传输。如有必要，这些警报可能会导致进一步的监管行动，并规定处理请求和决策的具体时间表。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "EU model contractual AI clauses to pilot in procurements of AI", "url": "https://public-buyers-community.ec.europa.eu/communities/procurement-ai/resources/eu-model-contractual-ai-clauses-pilot-procurements-ai", "description": "These standard EU model contractual AI clauses have been drafted in assignment of this community and have been peer-reviewed by experts. They are the updated version of the Model Clauses that we have shared in April this year. This community has made these clauses available for public organisations wishing to procure an AI system developed by an external supplier. Considering that the proposed AI Act is still under negotiations, public organisations that decide to use these conditions may do that on a voluntary basis assessing on a case-by-case basis whether the various sections of these stand", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟示范人工智能合同条款将在人工智能采购中进行试点", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了与《人工智能法案》一致的高风险人工智能采购示范合同条款 (MCC-AI-High-Risk)。这些条款为公共当局在采购人工智能时提供了结构化的法律框架，确保供应商履行其法律义务。它们规定了供应商在透明度、风险管理、数据治理、人工监督和网络安全方面的义务，要求在人工智能系统的整个生命周期中进行持续的风险评估、缓解措施、记录、可解释性和持续监控。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "EU and India sign joint statement to strengthen collaboration in AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_643", "description": "The second meeting of the EU-India Trade and Technology Council (TTC) took place in New Delhi on 28 February 2025. Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy Henna Virkkunen", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟和印度签署联合声明加强人工智能合作", "description_zh": "欧盟和印度在贸易和技术理事会（TTC）第二次会议后通过了一份联合声明。具体在人工智能方面，欧盟和印度 (1) 重申了对安全、可靠、值得信赖、以人为本、可持续和负责任的人工智能的承诺； （2）同意深化欧洲人工智能办公室与印度人工智能使命团之间的合作； (3) 致力于关注道德和负责任的人工智能框架的联合项目。这是建立在与自然灾害、气候变化和生物信息学相关的高性能计算应用方面现有的研发 (R&D) 合作的基础上的。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "Court of Justice of the European Union source on automated credit assessment", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-02/cp250022en.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 27 February 2025 for European Union concerning EU Court of Justice makes ruling on automated credit assessments. See the linked curia.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法院对自动信用评估做出裁决", "description_zh": "欧盟法院在案例 C-203/22 中裁定，接受自动信用评估的个人必须得到解释，以便他们理解并质疑该决定。就上下文而言，该案件涉及移动运营商拒绝根据自动信用检查授予合同。法院澄清，控制者必须描述决策中应用的原则，包括个人数据如何影响结果，而不仅仅是披露算法。如果涉及商业秘密或第三方数据，国家当局必须评估透明度和保密性之间的平衡。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "EU Parliament Think Tank releases paper on algorithmic discrimination under the AI Act and the GDPR", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_ATA(2025)769509#:~:text=The%20AI%20Act%20aims%20to,the%20protection%20of%20personal%20data.", "description": "After the entry into force of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act in August 2024, an open question is its interplay with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The AI Act aims to promote human-centric, trustworthy and sustainable AI, while respecting individuals' fundamental rights and freedoms, including their right to the protection of personal data. One of the AI Act's main objectives is to mitigate discrimination and bias in the development, deployment and use of 'high-risk AI systems'. To achieve this, the act allows 'special categories of personal data' to be processed, based on", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟议会智库发布关于《人工智能法案》和《通用数据保护条例》下的算法歧视的论文", "description_zh": "欧盟议会 Think Than 发表了一篇论文，探讨了欧盟人工智能法案与 GDPR 之间的关系。虽然《人工智能法案》主要是一项产品责任法规，但它也引入了值得信赖的人工智能的义务，包括关注歧视、透明度和数据保护。该论文讨论了人工智能法案减少算法歧视的目标与 GDPR 严格的数据保护措施之间的潜在冲突。虽然《人工智能法案》认识到有时需要处理敏感数据来检测和纠正人工智能系统中的偏见，但 GDPR 对此类数据处理的限制可能会阻碍这些努力。通过强调这种紧张关系，该文件强调需要明确性，以确保人工智能系统能够在不违反数据保护法的情况下有效监控歧视情况。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "CNIL source on DeepSeek and data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/coordination-sur-lia-et-protection-des-mineurs-retour-sur-la-derniere-pleniere-du-cepd", "description": "Official source record dated 12 February 2025 for European Union concerning EDPB expands scope of its ChatGPT task force to include DeepSeek. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 扩大其 ChatGPT 工作组的范围，将 DeepSeek 纳入其中", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 扩大了其 ChatGPT 工作组的范围，将其他人工智能系统纳入其中，包括中国人工智能聊天机器人 DeepSeek，以回应国家数据保护机构对数据收集实践的调查。为加强隐私事务协调，EDPB 宣布成立快速响应小组，协助国家执法工作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "EU launches InvestAI initiative to mobilise €200 billion of investment in AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_467", "description": "Today, at the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Summit in Paris, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has launched InvestAI, an initiative to mobilise €200 billion for investment in AI, including a new European fund of €20 billion for AI gigafactories.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟发起 InvestAI 倡议，动员 2000 亿欧元投资人工智能", "description_zh": "在巴黎举行的人工智能行动峰会上，委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩 (Ursula von der Leyen) 启动了 InvestAI，这是一项动员 2000 亿欧元用于人工智能投资的倡议。欧盟的 InvestAI 基金将为欧盟未来的四个人工智能超级工厂提供资金。新的人工智能超级工厂将专门训练最复杂、非常大的人工智能模型。此类下一代模型需要广泛的计算基础设施，才能在医学或科学等特定领域取得突破。这些超级工厂将拥有约 10 万个最新一代人工智能芯片，大约是目前正在建设的人工智能工厂的四倍。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "EU Commission withdraws AI Liability Directive", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/publications/2025-commission-work-programme-and-annexes_en", "description": "Primary source (commission.europa.eu): 2025 Commission work programme and annexes - European Commission.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会撤销人工智能责任指令", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会的 2025 年工作计划已确认人工智能责任指令已被撤销，委员会的评论如下：“没有可预见的协议 - 委员会将评估是否应提出另一项提案或应选择其他类型的方法。”", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "African Union, European Union, G20, G7 and United Nations adopted Paris AI Action Statement", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet", "description": "Statement [1] on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet. 1. Participants from over 100 countries, including government leaders, international organisations, representatives of civil society, the private sector, and the academic and research communities gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025 to hold the AI Action Summit. Rapid development of AI technologies represents a major paradigm shift, impacting our citizens, and societies in many ways. In line with the Paris Pact for People and the Planet [2] , and the principles that countries must have ownersh", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过《巴黎人工智能行动声明》", "description_zh": "继巴黎人工智能行动峰会之后，非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过了《关于造福人类和地球的包容性和可持续人工智能声明》。该声明强调促进人工智能的可及性，以弥合数字鸿沟，确保人工智能系统的道德和可信性，并推进人工智能治理的国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "African Union, European Union, G20, G7 and United Nations adopted Paris AI Action Statement", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet", "description": "Statement [1] on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet. 1. Participants from over 100 countries, including government leaders, international organisations, representatives of civil society, the private sector, and the academic and research communities gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025 to hold the AI Action Summit. Rapid development of AI technologies represents a major paradigm shift, impacting our citizens, and societies in many ways. In line with the Paris Pact for People and the Planet [2] , and the principles that countries must have ownersh", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过《巴黎人工智能行动声明》", "description_zh": "继巴黎人工智能行动峰会之后，非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过了《关于造福人类和地球的包容性和可持续人工智能声明》。该声明强调促进人工智能的可及性，以弥合数字鸿沟，确保人工智能系统的道德和可信性，并推进人工智能治理的国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 February 2025", "title": "European Commission publishes guidelines on AI system definition", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-ai-system-definition-facilitate-first-ai-acts-rules-application", "description": "The guidelines on the AI system definition explain the practical application of the legal concept, as anchored in the AI Act.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会发布人工智能系统定义指南", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了人工智能系统定义指南。该指南包括帮助提供商确定软件系统是否是人工智能系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 February 2025", "title": "European Commission publishes the guidelines on prohibited AI practices", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-prohibited-artificial-intelligence-ai-practices-defined-ai-act", "description": "These guidelines provide an overview of AI practices that are deemed unacceptable due to their potential risks to European values and fundamental rights.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会发布禁止人工智能实践指南", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会发布了《欧盟人工智能法案》所定义的禁止人工智能实践的指南，例如有害操纵、社会评分和实时远程生物识别等。虽然这些指南为欧盟委员会对禁令的解释提供了宝贵的见解，但它们不具有约束力，权威解释保留给欧盟法院 (CJEU)。该指南提供了法律解释和实际示例，以帮助利益相关者理解和遵守《人工智能法案》的要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2025", "title": "EU announces $56 million funding to develop open source AI", "url": "", "description": "For years, the European Union has been quicker to regulate artificial intelligence than invest in it. Now, with the battle for AI supremacy heating up thanks to a powerful new open source model from China’s DeepSeek built for a fraction of the price of its U.S. rivals, it’s stepping off the sidelines. This morning Brussels announced plans to develop an open source AI model of its own, with $56 million in funding to do it.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟宣布拨款 5600 万美元用于开发开源人工智能", "description_zh": "据报道，欧盟正在投资 5600 万美元用于一个项目，开发可与欧盟 30 种语言兼容的开源大语言模型 (LLM)。该计划涉及来自欧盟国家各公司和大学的顶尖研究人员，并将利用来自西班牙和意大利的超级计算机。该项目旨在创建一个符合欧盟价值观并可供欧洲公司和政府借鉴的模式。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 February 2025", "title": "EU AI Act prohibitions come into effect, among other provisions", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1689", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案禁令等条款生效", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案对某些人工智能系统的禁令和确保员工具备足够技术素养的要求的最后期限已正式到期。被禁止的系统包括社交评分系统、实时面部识别和其他形式的生物特征识别（按种族、性生活、性取向和其他属性对人进行分类）以及“操纵性”人工智能工具。违反欧盟人工智能法案的罚款最高可达 3500 万欧元（3580 万美元）或全球年收入的 7%——以较高者为准。不过，罚款将在一段时间内不会生效，因为下一个截止日期是 2025 年 8 月 2 日，欧盟成员国必须在此之前确认主管当局是谁，并实施处罚和罚款规则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "European Commission calls for tenders for study into text and data mining exception, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/tender-details/8726813a-bd9b-4f58-8679-01c80f7a1abf-CN?isExactMatch=true&order=DESC&pageNumber=1&pageSize=50&sortBy=startDate", "description": "The Funding and Tenders Portal is the single entry point (the Single Electronic Data Interchange Area) for applicants, contractors and experts in funding programmes and procurements managed by the European Commission.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会呼吁对涵盖人工智能的文本和数据挖掘例外研究进行招标", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会 (DG CNECT) 启动了一项可行性研究招标，旨在开发一个中央登记处，供权利人在与受版权保护的作品和其他主题相关的文本和数据挖掘 (TDM) 豁免下表达他们的选择退出，并促进人工智能开发人员对其进行识别。该研究将探讨注册管理机构如何根据基于作品的标识符和支持权利保留的相关元数据以及相关的权利许可，支持对单个受版权保护的作品表达 TDM 选择退出。投标截止日期为 2025 年 2 月 27 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 December 2024", "title": "European Commission approves NVIDIA acquisition of Run:ai Labs", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_5623", "description": "La Commission ouvre une procédure formelle à l\\'encontre de Temu au titre de la législation sur les services numériques\\nAujourd\\'hui, la Commission a ouvert une procédure formelle afin d\\'évaluer si Temu", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会批准 NVIDIA 收购 Run:ai Labs", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会 (EC) 无条件批准 NVIDIA 收购 Run:ai Labs (Run:ai) 的提议，认为 (1) NVIDIA 可能在全球数据中心独立 GPU 市场中占据主导地位，但由于缺乏确保兼容性的工具，因此缺乏阻碍兼容性的技术能力和动力； （2）Run:ai在GPU编排软件方面并不占据重要的市场地位，客户可以获得足够的替代品； (3) 因此，拟议的收购不会引起欧洲经济区 (EEA) 或意大利（该国为本次调查提交移交请求）的竞争问题。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 December 2024", "title": "EU AI Office publishes second draft of General-Purpose AI Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/second-draft-general-purpose-ai-code-practice-published-written-independent-experts", "description": "Independent experts present the second draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, based on the feedback received on the first draft, published on 14 November 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室发布通用人工智能实践守则第二稿", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室发布了《通用人工智能（AI）实践守则》第二稿，四轮起草中的第二轮将于 2025 年 4 月结束。与第一稿相比，第二稿 (1) 的长度是第一稿的两倍； (2) 进行了调整，概述了与可能造成系统性风险的通用人工智能模型相关的目标、承诺和措施（取代了之前由目标、措施和子措施组成的结构）； (3) 包括关键绩效指标的初步示例。反馈截止日期为 2025 年 1 月 15 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "EDPB publishes opinion on AI models, stating that GDPR principles support responsible AI", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-opinion-ai-models-gdpr-principles-support-responsible-ai_en", "description": "Brussels, 18 December - The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has adopted an opinion* on the use of personal data for the development and deployment of AI models . This opinion looks at 1) when and how AI models can be considered anonymous, 2) whether and how legitimate interest can be used as a legal basis for developing or using AI models, and 3) what happens if an AI model is developed using personal data that was processed unlawfully. It also considers the use of first and third party data. The opinion was requested by the Irish Data Protection Authority (DPA) with a view to seeking Eu", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 发布关于人工智能模型的意见，指出 GDPR 原则支持负责任的人工智能", "description_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会（EDPB）通过了关于使用个人数据开发和部署人工智能模型的意见。该意见指出：（1）对于被视为匿名的人工智能模型，提取个人数据或从模型输出中获取个人数据的可能性必须是“微不足道的”； (2) 数据控制者必须确定什么是合法利益，评估使用个人数据实现该利益的必要性，并证明数据主体的基本权利不会凌驾于合法利益之上。这种平衡测试必须仔细考虑数据主体的“合理预期”和人工智能带来的独特风险； (3)在某些情况下，用于人工智能开发和人工智能部署的个人数据处理将需要单独的法律依据。此外，利用和部署外部开发的人工智能模型的组织在使用之前需要仔细评估这些人工智能模型的开发和训练是否符合 GDPR 规定。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "EU Commission to issue guidance on legal responsibilities for AI model fine-tuning", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 18 December 2024) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会将发布人工智能模型微调法律责任指南", "description_zh": "据悉，欧盟委员会正在制定一份指导文件，明确通用人工智能模型提供商的哪些义务将转移给微调或修改人工智能模型的下游参与者。该指南预计将于 2025 年夏季发布，但只有在旨在促进遵守相关法律要求的行为准则最终确定后才会发布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2024", "title": "EU and Singapore strengthen collaboration on AI safety with a new Administrative Arrangement", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/singapore/eu-singapore-strengthen-collaboration-ai-safety-new-administrative-arrangement_en?s=178#:~:text=Today%20(20th%20Nov%202024)%2C,and%20Singapore's%20AI%20Safety%20Institute.", "description": "The Administrative Arrangement (AA) on AI safety, which strengthens the existing EU-Singapore Digital Partnership, was exchanged on 20 November 2024 during a bilateral meeting between Margrethe Vestager, European Commission Executive Vice-President and Josephine Teo, Singapore's Minister for Digital Development and Information.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟和新加坡通过新的行政安排加强人工智能安全合作", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会和新加坡数字发展和信息部签署了一项行政安排，标志着欧盟人工智能办公室与新加坡人工智能安全研究所之间合作的开始。根据该协议，两国主管部门同意（1）通过信息交换和最佳实践、联合测试和评估、开发工具和基准、标准化活动以及研究如何推进安全和可信的人工智能来解决通用人工智能模型的安全问题； (2) 就人工智能领域的趋势和未来技术发展交换意见，并保留进一步合作领域的选择。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "New Product Liability Directive published in the Official Journal", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2853/oj", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新产品责任指令在官方公报上发布", "description_zh": "欧盟更新后的产品责任指令 (2024/2853) 现已在官方公报上发布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "EU AI Office publishes draft General-Purpose AI Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/first-draft-general-purpose-ai-code-practice-published-written-independent-experts", "description": "Independent experts present the first draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, which will be discussed with around 1000 stakeholders next week. The AI Office is facilitating relevant AI Act understanding with dedicated questions and answers for stakeholders.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室发布通用人工智能实践准则草案", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室发布了通用人工智能 (AI) 实践守则初稿，截至 2025 年 4 月，完成了四轮起草中的第一轮。该守则指导通用人工智能模型的提供商履行合规义务，并提供了证明合规性和启用人工智能办公室监督的程序。该准则将在全体会议上进行讨论，包括欧盟成员国代表和国际观察员在内的近 1,000 名利益相关者将在会上审查该草案。反馈截止日期为 2024 年 11 月 28 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "European Commission launches consultation on definition of AI systems and prohibited practices", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/Prohibitions-and-Definition-Survey-2024#page0", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): EUSurvey - Survey unavailable.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会就人工智能系统的定义和禁止的做法启动磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会已就人工智能系统定义的应用指南以及《人工智能法案》中规定的禁止人工智能实践展开磋商。磋商将于 2024 年 12 月 11 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 November 2024", "title": "EU Council approves conclusions to strengthen EU's ambitions", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/11/05/artificial-intelligence-ai-council-approves-conclusions-to-strengthen-eu-s-ambitions/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 5 November 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟理事会批准加强欧盟雄心的结论", "description_zh": "欧盟理事会批准了欧洲审计院题为“欧盟人工智能雄心——未来加强治理和增加、更有针对性的投资至关重要”的报告的结论，该报告呼吁加强欧盟的人工智能雄心。值得注意的是，理事会同意法院的建议，即（1）扩大人工智能投资，促进数字基础设施的使用，并培养人才，以确保欧盟在人工智能领域的全球领导地位； （2）在人工智能政策中考虑人工智能系统和高性能计算的环境影响； （3）促进与成员国和国际组织的密切合作，最大限度地发挥投资的影响，实现欧盟在人工智能领域的全球领导地位； (4) 设定可衡量的绩效目标和指标，但要精心设计以避免额外负担。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "EU Commission reviews Nvidia x Run.ai deal", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/MEX_24_5623/MEX_24_5623_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu) dated 31 October 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会审查 Nvidia x Run.ai 交易", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会宣布，已接受意大利提交的请求，根据欧盟合并法规评估 NVIDIA 公司（“NVIDIA”）拟收购 Run:ai Labs Ltd 的交易。委员会承认，该交易可能会严重影响 NVIDIA 和 Run:ai 活跃市场的竞争，这些市场可能至少在整个欧洲经济区范围内，因此包括涉及的国家意大利。委员会还得出结论，鉴于其在相关市场的知识和案例经验，委员会最适合审查该交易。委员会已要求 NVIDIA 通报该交易。在通知委员会并获得委员会批准之前，NVIDIA 无法实施该交易。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 October 2024", "title": "European Commission's Joint Research Centre releases policy brief on harmonised standards for EU AI Act", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/news/harmonised-standards-european-ai-act-2024-10-25_en", "description": "The EU AI Act entered into force on 1 August this year, and the provisions for high-risk AI systems will start to apply after a transition period of two or three years. 1 In line with other pieces of product legislation, technical standards will define concrete approaches to meet legal requirements in practice. Compliance with European harmonised standards, provided they are published in the Official Journal of the European Union, provides a legal presumption of conformity with the regulation. This way, standards support the establishment of a level playing field for the design and development", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会联合研究中心发布有关欧盟人工智能法案统一标准的政策简报", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会联合研究中心发布了一份新的政策简报，讨论了即将推出的“统一标准”的主要特征，这些标准将支持欧盟人工智能法案的实施（由 CEN 和 CENELEC 领导的欧洲标准化组织正在起草）。这些特点是：（1）根据《人工智能法案》量身定制； （2）面向人工智能系统及产品； (3) 规定充分、清晰； （四）跨行业、跨系统适用； (5) 与现有技术水平保持一致； (6) 凝聚力和互补性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "AI Office holds first workshop with GPAI model providers to draft GPAI code of practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/first-workshop-general-purpose-ai-model-providers-code-practice-drafting-process", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the AI Office will hold the first workshop with general-purpose AI model providers and the Chairs and Vice-Chairs to draft the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Office 与 GPAI 模型提供商举办首次研讨会，起草 GPAI 实践守则", "description_zh": "人工智能办公室与通用人工智能模型提供商以及主席和副主席举行了第一次研讨会，起草通用人工智能实践守则。第一个研讨会将涵盖：(1) 系统性风险评估、技术缓解和治理； (2) 透明度和版权相关规则。该准则的初稿预计将在 2024 年 11 月 4 日当周与全体会议的所有参与者（包括提供商）共享。该行为准则的最终版本将在预计于 2025 年 4 月举行的闭幕全体会议上发布并提交。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Latin American delegates visit AI expertise centres in Europe, kickstarting AI regulation dialogue between EU and Latin America", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/chile/delegation-latin-american-public-institutions-visit-ai-expertise-centres-europe_en?s=192", "description": "From October 14 to 18, representatives from public institutions in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay visited AI agencies in Spain and Slovenia in a study trip funded by the TAIEX Instrument. The visit is part of the EU-LAC Digital Alliancewhich fosters cooperation between the EU and Latin America-Caribbean a more human-centric digital transformation. The delegation from Latin America (LA) visited key AI institutions in Barcelona, Madrid, Ljubljana and Maribor with a focus on algorithmic transparency, research and innovation, and the role of supercomputers in advancing AI technologies. Among the insti", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉美代表参观欧洲人工智能专业中心，启动欧盟与拉美之间的人工智能监管对话", "description_zh": "2024年10月14日至18日，来自巴西、智利和乌拉圭公共机构的代表访问了作为欧盟-拉丁美洲和加勒比（EU-LAC）联盟成员的西班牙和斯洛文尼亚的人工智能机构，分享了建立人工智能相关机构和监管政策的见解和最佳实践。此次访问将为即将于 2024 年 11 月在智利圣地亚哥举行的欧盟-拉美数字联盟人工智能政策对话做出贡献，该对话与 eLAC 部长级会议连续举行，从而加强欧盟和拉美和加勒比地区在人工智能关键领域的合作。此次访问的进一步结果（包括任何监管见解）尚未公布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Latin American delegates visit AI expertise centres in Europe, kickstarting AI regulation dialogue between EU and Latin America", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/chile/delegation-latin-american-public-institutions-visit-ai-expertise-centres-europe_en?s=192", "description": "From October 14 to 18, representatives from public institutions in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay visited AI agencies in Spain and Slovenia in a study trip funded by the TAIEX Instrument. The visit is part of the EU-LAC Digital Alliancewhich fosters cooperation between the EU and Latin America-Caribbean a more human-centric digital transformation. The delegation from Latin America (LA) visited key AI institutions in Barcelona, Madrid, Ljubljana and Maribor with a focus on algorithmic transparency, research and innovation, and the role of supercomputers in advancing AI technologies. Among the insti", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉美代表参观欧洲人工智能专业中心，启动欧盟与拉美之间的人工智能监管对话", "description_zh": "2024年10月14日至18日，来自巴西、智利和乌拉圭公共机构的代表访问了作为欧盟-拉丁美洲和加勒比（EU-LAC）联盟成员的西班牙和斯洛文尼亚的人工智能机构，分享了建立人工智能相关机构和监管政策的见解和最佳实践。此次访问将为即将于 2024 年 11 月在智利圣地亚哥举行的欧盟-拉美数字联盟人工智能政策对话做出贡献，该对话与 eLAC 部长级会议连续举行，从而加强欧盟和拉美和加勒比地区在人工智能关键领域的合作。此次访问的进一步结果（包括任何监管见解）尚未公布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "Commission seeks feedback on draft implementing act to establish a scientific panel under the AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/commission-seeks-feedback-draft-implementing-act-establish-scientific-panel-under-ai-act", "description": "The Commission is collecting feedback on the rules to set up a new scientific advisory group of independent experts on artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会寻求对《人工智能法》下设立科学小组的实施法案草案的反馈", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会正在收集对其实施法案草案的反馈，以建立一个由人工智能独立专家组成的新科学咨询小组。作为背景，《欧盟人工智能法案》预计将成立一个由人工智能独立专家组成的科学小组，以协助人工智能办公室和国家当局实施和执行《人工智能法案》。该咨询机构将在治理中发挥关键作用，提供技术建议和执行方面的意见，包括向人工智能办公室通报通用人工智能模型带来的风险的能力。咨询将于 2024 年 11 月 15 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "EU Council adopts new Product Liability Directive, covering goods with AI", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/10/10/eu-brings-product-liability-rules-in-line-with-digital-age-and-circular-economy/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 10 October 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟理事会通过新的产品责任指令，涵盖人工智能商品", "description_zh": "欧洲理事会已通过新的产品责任指令，目前正在等待在欧盟官方公报上发布。自生效之日起，成员国将有两年时间将其纳入本国法律。新指令削弱了指令 85/374/CEE。除其他外，新的产品责任指令适用于“产品”，该“产品”已扩大到包括软件（操作系统和应用程序，包括具有集成人工智能系统的软件），无论是嵌入设备中还是通过云访问。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "European Commission appoints experts to draft AI Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/meet-chairs-leading-development-first-general-purpose-ai-code-practice", "description": "Chairs announced of the four Working Groups of the first General-Purpose AI Code of Practice.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会任命专家起草人工智能实践守则", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会宣布成立一个由来自欧盟、美国和加拿大的 13 名独立专家组成的小组，负责领导通用人工智能实践准则的起草工作，该准则将于 2025 年 4 月准备就绪。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 September 2024", "title": "Over a hundred companies sign EU AI Pact pledges to drive trustworthy and safe AI development", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4864", "description": "The Commission announced today over a hundred companies that are the first signatories of the EU artificial intelligence (AI) Pact and its voluntary pledges.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一百多家公司签署欧盟人工智能协议，承诺推动值得信赖和安全的人工智能发展", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会宣布，包括跨国公司和欧洲中小企业在内的 100 多家公司已签署《欧盟人工智能公约》及其自愿承诺（承诺签署方在正式实施前应用《人工智能法案》的原则）。该协议旨在加强欧盟人工智能办公室与利益相关者之间的接触，并支持行业的自愿承诺。这些自愿承诺呼吁参与公司实施人工智能治理战略，绘制高风险人工智能系统图，并提高员工的人工智能素养。超过一半的签署者还做出了额外的承诺，例如确保人工智能生成的内容的人工监督和透明标签。公司可以随时加入《人工智能公约》并承诺核心和附加承诺，直到《人工智能法案》完全适用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "Study on the EU AI Liability Directive released", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_STU(2024)762861", "description": "In September 2022, the European Commission presented a proposal for a directive on adapting non contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence (AILD), with an accompanying impact assessment. The European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI) requested the present complementary impact assessment of the proposal, which focuses on specific research questions. The study critique identifies key shortcomings in the European Commission's impact assessment, not least an incomplete exploration of regulatory policy options and an abridged cost-benefit analysis, in particular of th", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能责任指令研究发布", "description_zh": "欧洲议会研究服务处（EPRS）发布了一份关于欧盟人工智能责任指令的研究报告，建议责任监管应包括通用和其他“高影响力”的人工智能系统，以及从以人工智能为重点的指令向软件责任监管的过渡，以防止市场碎片化并提高整个欧盟的透明度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 September 2024", "title": "EU Commission withdraws investigation into Microsoft and Inflection deal", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4727", "description": "The European Commission takes note of the withdrawal of the initial referral requests by seven Member States to review under Article 22 of the EU Merger Regulation (‘EUMR\\') the acquisition of certain assets of Inflection AI, Inc. (‘Inflection\\') by Microsoft Corporation (‘Microsoft).", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会撤回对微软和 Inflection 交易的调查", "description_zh": "在七个欧盟国家放弃调查请求后，欧盟委员会宣布将停止调查微软雇佣 Inflection AI 员工是否违反欧盟合并规则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "AI Board holds first meeting to kick off work on the implementation of the AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/artificial-intelligence-board-kicks-work-uptake-ai-eu-and-implementation-ai-act", "description": "The Commission is hosting the first official meeting of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Board, following the entry into force of the AI Act on 1 August.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能委员会召开第一次会议启动人工智能法实施工作", "description_zh": "《欧盟人工智能法案》生效后，欧盟人工智能委员会在布鲁塞尔举行了第一次会议。会议主要审议了：（一）设立人工智能理事会组织机构并通过其议事规则； (2) 欧盟人工智能政策的最新动态和战略讨论，包括 GenAI4EU 倡议和国际人工智能活动； (3) 与《人工智能法》实施相关的委员会首批交付成果的最新进展和讨论； (4) 交流国家人工智能治理和人工智能法案实施方法的最佳实践。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "European Medicines Agency publishes guidance on LLMs", "url": "https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/harnessing-ai-medicines-regulation-use-large-language-models-llms", "description": "Primary source (ema.europa.eu) dated 5 September 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲药品管理局发布法学硕士指南", "description_zh": "欧洲药品管理局 (EMA) 和药品机构负责人 (HMA) 为欧洲药品监管网络 (EMRN) 的所有工作人员在工作中使用大型语言模型发布了指导原则。该指南涵盖了各个方面，从确保数据的安全输入，到应用批判性思维和交叉检查输出，再到知道出现问题时向谁咨询。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 429", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "700 companies keen to join AI Pact to prepare for EU AI Act", "url": "https://au.news.yahoo.com/700-companies-keen-join-pact-074722654.html", "description": "Some 700 companies have shown interest in joining the AI Pact – which are preparatory commitments to help businesses get ready for the incoming AI Act – a spokesperson for the European Commission told Euronews.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "700 家公司热衷于加入 AI Pact，为欧盟 AI 法案做准备", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会报告称，约有 700 家公司表示有兴趣加入人工智能公约。该协议包括帮助企业为《人工智能法案》（该法案于 2024 年 8 月 1 日生效）做好准备的自愿承诺。对《人工智能公约》表示感兴趣的组织已受邀参加 2024 年 9 月举行的研讨会，讨论这些承诺，并就承诺范围更广的新草案提供反馈。下一步将在 2024 年秋季签署自愿承诺。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "EU AI Act comes into force", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4123", "description": "Today, the European Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), the world\\'s first comprehensive regulation on artificial intelligence, enters into force.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案生效", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案现已生效。 《人工智能法案》的大部分规则将于 2026 年 8 月 2 日开始适用。然而，对被视为存在不可接受风险的人工智能系统的禁令将在 6 个月后适用，而针对所谓通用人工智能模型的规则将在 12 个月后适用。成员国必须在 2025 年 8 月 2 日之前指定国家主管机构，负责监督人工智能系统规则的应用并开展市场监督活动。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "EU AI Office initiates consultation on general purpose AI code of practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/ai-act-have-your-say-trustworthy-general-purpose-ai", "description": "The European AI Office is launching a multi-stakeholder consultation on trustworthy general-purpose AI models under the AI Act.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室启动通用人工智能行为准则磋商", "description_zh": "欧盟人工智能办公室已启动制定第一个通用人工智能实践准则的磋商。 《欧盟人工智能法》第 56 条设想了此类行为准则的制定。该行为准则旨在详细说明人工智能法案针对通用人工智能模型提供商的规则。此次磋商将就以下事项寻求意见：（1）通用人工智能模型提供商的透明度和版权相关义务； （2）系统性风险分类、风险评估和缓解措施，以及（3）总结人工智能模型训练内容的模板。磋商将于 2024 年 9 月 10 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "European Commission proposes amendments to AI Liability Directive", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/CM-2726-2024-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "Primary source (data.consilium.europa.eu) dated 26 July 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会提议修订人工智能责任指令", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会根据《人工智能法案》的最终文本，对《人工智能责任指令》提出了实质性修正案。实际的修改尚未公布。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Joint statement on competition in generative AI foundation models and AI products", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/joint-statement-on-competition-in-generative-ai-foundation-models-and-ai-products/joint-statement-on-competition-in-generative-ai-foundation-models-and-ai-products", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于生成式人工智能基础模型和人工智能产品竞争的联合声明", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会、英国竞争市场管理局、美国司法部和美国联邦贸易委员会签署了一份关于生成式人工智能基础模型和人工智能产品竞争的联合声明。该声明概述了与新兴人工智能商业模式相关的竞争风险（即对关键投入的集中控制、在人工智能相关市场中巩固或扩大市场力量以及涉及关键参与者的安排）。该声明随后提出了保护人工智能生态系统竞争的原则，即（1）公平交易（即识别破坏竞争的排他性策略），（2）互操作性（即强调人工智能产品和服务之间的互操作性对于增强竞争和创新的重要性），以及（3）选择（即审查限制选择的锁定方法，或回避合并执行的投资/合作伙伴关系）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 July 2024", "title": "European Commission published AI Pact", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-pact", "description": "The AI Pact encourages and supports organisations to plan ahead for the implementation of AI Act measures.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 发布 AI Pact", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会发布了 AI Pact，这是一项旨在帮助组织为 AI Act 的实施做好准备、鼓励自愿提前合规的倡议。该公约的关键要点包括：(1) 培育协作社区以分享经验和知识；(2) 通过自愿承诺促进透明度和高风险要求；(3) 提供研讨会和资源以帮助理解 AI Act 并为其实施做好准备；(4) 收集和公布承诺以确保可见性、问责性和可信度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "EDPB issues statement on data protection authorities' role in the EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-07/edpb_statement_202403_dpasroleaiact_en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (edpb.europa.eu) dated 16 July 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 就数据保护机构在 EU AI Act 中的角色发表声明", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了 3/2024 号声明，涉及数据保护机构在 EU AI Act 框架内的角色。该声明强调以下方面：(1) 欧盟数据保护法完全适用于人工智能系统全生命周期中的个人数据处理；(2) 成员国在指定与个人数据保护密切相关的领域的主管机构时，需要进行有效监督和协调；(3) 成员国应考虑任命数据保护机构 (DPA) 作为高风险人工智能系统的市场监督管理机构 (MSA)；(4) MSA 与其他监管人工智能系统的实体（包括 DPA）之间开展强有力的合作至关重要。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 July 2024", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2022/2557", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689", "description": "The EU AI Act is the world's first comprehensive legal framework for artificial intelligence, establishing a risk-based classification system (unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal risk) for AI systems placed on the EU market. It imposes obligations on providers and deployers proportionate to risk level, with the strictest requirements — including conformity assessments and human oversight — applied to high-risk systems such as those used in critical infrastructure, employment, education, and law enforcement. The regulation entered into force on 1 August 2024, with provisions applying in phased stages through to August 2027.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Liability & Accountability", "Cybersecurity", "Labor & Workforce", "Healthcare", "Finance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689（European Parliament 和 Council 于 2024 年 6 月 13 日通过，制定人工智能统一规则（Artificial Intelligence Act）并修订多项法规）", "description_zh": "EU AI Act 是全球首部综合性人工智能法律框架，针对投放欧盟市场的人工智能系统建立了基于风险的分级制度（不可接受风险、高风险、有限风险和最小风险）。该法规对提供者和部署者施加与其风险等级相称的义务，最严格的要求——包括合格评定和人工监督——适用于高风险系统，例如用于关键基础设施、就业、教育和执法领域的系统。该法规于 2024 年 8 月 1 日生效，其条款分阶段实施，直至 2027 年 8 月。" }, { "date": "12 July 2024", "title": "EU AI Act published in Official Journal", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU AI Act 在 Official Journal 上发布", "description_zh": "EU AI Act 最终在欧盟 Official Journal 上发布。立法编号为 Regulation (EU) 2024/1689。该法案将于发布之日起 20 天后生效，不同部分将在 3 年内分阶段生效。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "EU Data Protection Board releases AI Auditing project to evaluate GDPR compliance of AI systems", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/support-pool-expert-projects/ai-auditing_en", "description": "The AI Auditing project aims to map, develop and pilot tools that help evaluate the GDPR compliance of AI systems and applications are GDPR compliant.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Data Protection Board 发布人工智能审计项目以评估人工智能系统的 GDPR 合规性", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 宣布启动人工智能审计项目，旨在开发和试点用于评估人工智能系统 GDPR 合规性的工具。该项目包括一份人工智能审计清单、人工智能信息单页提案以及 Algo-scores 提案，旨在帮助各方理解和评估 AI Act 下的数据保护措施，特别是通过定义审计方法并提出增强透明度的工具，协助数据保护机构检查人工智能系统。该项目是 EDPB 2021-2023 年战略下专家支持池 (SPE) 计划的一部分，旨在通过提供法律和技术领域多样化专家资源，增强数据保护机构的能力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "European Commission publishes proposal for the signing of the Council of Europe's AI Convention", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11625-2024-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "Primary source (data.consilium.europa.eu) dated 26 June 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 发布关于签署 Council of Europe AI Convention 的提案", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了一项提案，要求 Council 通过一项决定，授权 Council 代表 European Union 签署 Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law（AI Convention）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "European Commission publishes proposal for the signing of the Council of Europe's AI Convention", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11625-2024-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "Primary source (data.consilium.europa.eu) dated 26 June 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 发布关于签署 Council of Europe AI Convention 的提案", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了一项提案，要求 Council 通过一项决定，授权 Council 代表 European Union 签署 Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law（AI Convention）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 June 2024", "title": "Guidelines for providers of general-purpose AI models — European AI Office (First Draft)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidelines-providers-general-purpose-ai-models", "description": "Published by the European AI Office ahead of the GPAI provisions of the AI Act taking effect, these draft guidelines set out practical obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models including GPT-class systems and open-weight models, covering transparency, copyright compliance, systemic risk assessment, and incident reporting. They distinguish between standard GPAI models and those posing systemic risk (above a defined training compute threshold), with the latter subject to more stringent requirements including red-teaming and adversarial testing. The guidelines were subject to public consultation and further refinement through 2024–2025.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用人工智能模型提供者指南——European AI Office（初稿）", "description_zh": "European AI Office 在 GPAI 条款生效前发布了这些指南草案，为通用人工智能模型（包括 GPT 类系统和开放权重模型）的提供者规定了实际义务，涵盖透明度、版权合规、系统性风险评估和事件报告。指南区分了标准 GPAI 模型与具有系统性风险的模型（超过规定的训练计算阈值），后者须遵守更严格的要求，包括红队测试和对抗性测试。该指南经过公众咨询，并在 2024–2025 年期间进一步完善。" }, { "date": "18 June 2024", "title": "European Commission launches consultation on AI in finance", "url": "https://finance.ec.europa.eu/regulation-and-supervision/consultations-0/targeted-consultation-artificial-intelligence-financial-sector_en", "description": "The targeted consultation will gather input from all financial services stakeholders including companies and consumer associations. Views are particularly welcome from financial firms that provide or deploy/use AI systems. This consultation is designed for respondents developing or planning to develop or use AI applications in financial services.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 就金融领域人工智能应用启动磋商", "description_zh": "European Commission 发起了一项定向磋商和一系列研讨会，以收集利益相关方对金融领域人工智能应用的反馈。该倡议旨在收集有关金融领域中人工智能用例、效益、障碍、风险以及利益相关方需求的信息。反馈意见将协助委员会为 AI Act 在金融市场领域的实施提供行业特定指南。磋商将于 2024 年 9 月 13 日截止。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 June 2024", "title": "European Council adopts regulation on use of supercomputing in AI development", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/06/17/council-adopts-regulation-on-use-of-supercomputing-in-ai-development/", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 17 June 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Compute", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Council 通过关于在人工智能开发中使用超级计算的法规", "description_zh": "Council of the European Union 通过了对 European High-Performance Computing (EuroHPC) 联合企业法规的修正案，将其目标扩展至包括开发和运营“人工智能工厂”。人工智能工厂是提供人工智能超级计算服务基础设施的实体。修订后的法规将进一步使欧盟的超级计算能力供欧洲创新型初创企业和中小企业使用，以训练其人工智能模型并开发项目。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 June 2024", "title": "Publication of EU AI Act delayed to July 2024", "url": "", "description": "NEW: The EU's #AI Act will be signed off on Thursday, but it will only be published in July due to a significant backlog, MLex has learned. That means the entry into force has been further delayed. Full story 👇 | 12 comments on LinkedIn", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU AI Act 发布时间推迟至 2024 年 7 月", "description_zh": "据 MLex 资深人工智能记者报道，EU AI Act 将于 2024 年 6 月 13 日签署，但由于大量积压，将于 7 月才发布。这意味着其生效时间被进一步推迟。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/guidelines/2024-06-03-first-edps-orientations-euis-using-generative-ai_en#:~:text=The%20EDPS%20has%20published%20its%20Orientations%20on%20%E2%80%9Cgenerative,the%20requirements%20of%20the%20data%20protection%20legal%20framework.", "description": "Official source record dated 3 June 2024 for European Union concerning ESPS publishes orientations on generative AI and personal data protection. See the linked edps.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPS 发布关于生成式人工智能与个人数据保护的指导性意见", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Supervisor 发布了《生成式人工智能与个人数据保护指导性意见》，旨在为欧盟机构、机关、办事处和代理机构在使用生成式人工智能系统处理个人数据时提供实用建议和指引，以促进其遵守数据保护法律框架的要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "European Commission establishes AI Office", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_2982", "description": "Today the Commission has unveiled the AI Office, established within the Commission.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 设立 AI Office", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了 AI Office，该办公室设在委员会内部。AI Office 旨在以促进社会经济效益和创新的方式推动人工智能的未来开发、部署和使用，同时降低风险。该办公室将在 AI Act 的实施中发挥关键作用，特别是在通用人工智能模型方面。它还将致力于促进可信人工智能的研究与创新，并使欧盟在国际讨论中处于领先地位。AI Office 将雇佣超过 140 名员工执行其任务，员工包括技术专家、行政助理、律师、政策专员和经济学家。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 May 2024", "title": "EDPB issues report of the work undertaken by the ChatGPT Taskforce", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/report-work-undertaken-chatgpt-taskforce_en", "description": "Primary source (edpb.europa.eu): Report of the work undertaken by the ChatGPT Taskforce | European Data Protection Board.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 发布 ChatGPT Taskforce 工作报告", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了关于 ChatGPT Taskforce 工作的报告。该报告 (1) 详细介绍了 OpenAI 运营的背景；(2) 强调了促进欧盟监管机构 (SA) 之间协调方法的持续努力，包括 Task Force 制定的共同问卷；(3) 阐述了关于 OpenAI 数据处理行为的合法性、公平性和透明性的初步观点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "EU Council approves EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/21/artificial-intelligence-ai-act-council-gives-final-green-light-to-the-first-worldwide-rules-on-ai/?utm_source=brevo&utm_campaign=AUTOMATED%20-%20Alert%20-%20Newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_id=320", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 21 May 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Council 批准 EU AI Act", "description_zh": "EU Council 已批准该法案，预计将在未来数日在欧盟 Official Journal 上发布。该法案将在发布后 20 天生效，合规期限将分阶段设定。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "各国领导人签署 Seoul Declaration 及关于人工智能安全科学国际合作意向的声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、European Union、法国、德国、意大利、日本、Republic of Korea、Republic of Singapore、United States of America 和 United Kingdom 签署了 (1) Seoul Declaration for safe, innovative and inclusive AI 和 (2) Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science。这两份文件共同建立在 Bletchley Declaration 的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和可信的人工智能开发；(b) 应对全球挑战并保护人权；(c) 承诺各国建立人工智能安全研究所，就人工智能安全科学开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "各国领导人签署 Seoul Declaration 及关于人工智能安全科学国际合作意向的声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、European Union、法国、德国、意大利、日本、Republic of Korea、Republic of Singapore、United States of America 和 United Kingdom 签署了 (1) Seoul Declaration for safe, innovative and inclusive AI 和 (2) Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science。这两份文件共同建立在 Bletchley Declaration 的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和可信的人工智能开发；(b) 应对全球挑战并保护人权；(c) 承诺各国建立人工智能安全研究所，就人工智能安全科学开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "European Commission investigates Microsoft regarding implemented measures addressing generative AI risks under DSA", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_2681", "description": "New EU rules criminalising the violation of EU sanctions enter into force \\nAs from 19 May, new rules to harmonise criminal offences and penalties for the violation of EU restrictive measures enter int", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 就 Microsoft 在 DSA 下应对生成式人工智能风险的措施展开调查", "description_zh": "European Commission 已向 Microsoft 发出具有法律约束力的信息请求，涉及 Bing 的生成式人工智能功能（包括“Copilot in Bing”和“Image Creator by Designer”），原因是涉嫌违反 Digital Services Act (DSA)，据称 Microsoft 未采取充分措施应对深度伪造传播以及可能误导选民的服务自动操纵等风险。Microsoft 须在 5 月 27 日前作出回应，提交此前未披露的内部文件和数据。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 April 2024", "title": "Corrigenda of EU AI Act deemed approved", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0138-FNL-COR01_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (europarl.europa.eu) dated 22 April 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU AI Act 勘误表被视为通过", "description_zh": "EU AI Act 勘误表在 IMCO/LIBE 委员会和 ECON 委员会均未要求对勘误表进行表决后被视为通过。这意味着 EU AI Act 的文本已经定稿，将在 Council 表决后在 Official Journal 上发布。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 April 2024", "title": "US-EU Trade and Technology Council joint statement including commitment to a risk-based approach to AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_1828", "description": "\\n\\nIntroduction\\n\\n\\nThe sixth ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (“TTC”) took place in Leuven, Belgium, on 4 and 5 April 2024. It was co-chaired by European Commission Executive Vice", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US-EU Trade and Technology Council 联合声明，包括承诺对人工智能采取基于风险的方法", "description_zh": "美国和欧盟在第六次 TTC (Transatlantic Technology and Trade Council) 部长级会议后发表联合声明，承诺对人工智能采取基于风险的方法，以确保其安全、可靠和可信的开发。要点包括 (1) 继续在 G7、OECD 和联合国进程等国际组织中开展双边和联合参与；(2) 支持 Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for AI developers；(3) EU AI Office 和 US AI Safety Institute 将就各自的监管方法交换信息，并同意建立对话以进一步扩展合作；(4) 实施 Joint Roadmap on Evaluation and Measurement Tools for Trustworthy AI and Risk Management，旨在建立可互操作的国际标准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "EU Commission scrutinises big tech platforms over targeted ads and generative AI", "url": "", "description": "News report (euractiv.com, 14 March 2024) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU Commission 就定向广告和生成式人工智能对大型科技平台展开审查", "description_zh": "European Commission 已向 9 家大型科技平台发出信息请求，涉及其使用定向广告和生成式人工智能的情况，以确保遵守 Digital Services Act (DSA)。委员会要求 Bing、Google Search、Facebook、Instagram、Snapchat、TikTok、YouTube 和 X 提供有关其应对生成式人工智能相关风险策略的详细信息，包括对选举的影响。调查涵盖生成式人工智能内容的传播和创作，各公司须在 4 月 5 日前提交有关生成式人工智能如何影响选举进程的数据。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "REGULATION (EU) 2024/1689 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj", "description": "Implements a risk-based regulatory framework for AI, with specific attention to single-purpose AI systems used in risky contexts and general-purpose AI systems with significant capability. Imposes risk-dependent requirements related to accuracy, cybersecurity, evaluation, monitoring, transparency, and registration. Defines exceptions, penalties, and governance structures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on planning ability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689（European Parliament 和 Council 于 2024 年 6 月 13 日通过，制定人工智能统一规则并修订多项法规（Artificial Intelligence Act））", "description_zh": "实施基于风险的人工智能监管框架，特别关注在风险情境中使用的单一用途人工智能系统以及具有重大能力的通用人工智能系统。施加与风险相关的要求，涉及准确性、网络安全、评估、监测、透明度和登记。定义例外情形、处罚和治理结构。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "EU Parliament approve EU AI Act with overwhelming majority", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/03/13/lawmakers-approve-ai-act-with-overwhelming-majority", "description": "Primary source (euronews.com) dated 13 March 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU Parliament 以压倒性多数批准 EU AI Act", "description_zh": "European Parliament 以 523 票赞成、46 票反对、49 票弃权批准了 AI Act。该法案将于 4 月完成最终正式程序，随后在 Official Journal 上发布。发布 21 天后生效，“被禁止的系统”条款（即不可接受风险层级）将在 6 个月后生效（2024 年底前）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 406", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 March 2024", "title": "EU Commission's use of Microsoft 365 infringes EU data protection law", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2024-03/EDPS-2024-05-European-Commission_s-use-of-M365-infringes-data-protection-rules-for-EU-institutions-and-bodies_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (edps.europa.eu) dated 11 March 2024 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Commission 使用 Microsoft 365 违反欧盟数据保护法", "description_zh": "经调查，European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 认定 European Commission 违反了 Regulation (EU) 2018/1725（欧盟针对欧盟机构、机关、办事处和代理机构的数据保护法）的多项规定，包括向欧盟/欧洲经济区 (EEA) 以外传输个人数据的规定。具体而言，委员会未能提供适当的保障措施，以确保传输至欧盟/EEA 以外的个人数据获得与欧盟/EEA 内基本同等水平的保护。此外，在与 Microsoft 的合同中，委员会未充分说明使用 Microsoft 365 时收集的个人数据类型以及明确的特定目的。委员会作为数据控制者的违规行为还涉及代表其进行的数据处理，包括个人数据传输。EDPS 已决定命令委员会自 2024 年 12 月 9 日起，暂停因使用 Microsoft 365 而产生的所有数据流向 Microsoft 及其位于未获充分性认定的欧盟/EEA 以外国家的关联公司和子处理者。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 February 2024", "title": "Commission Decision Establishing the European AI Office", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-decision-establishing-european-ai-office", "description": "Establishes the European Artificial Intelligence Office to implement and enforce forthcoming AI regulations. Tasks include developing evaluation tools, monitoring AI risks, supporting international cooperation, fostering innovation, and coordinating with stakeholders. Operates under the Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于设立 European AI Office 的委员会决定", "description_zh": "设立 European Artificial Intelligence Office，负责实施和执行即将出台的人工智能法规。任务包括开发评估工具、监测人工智能风险、支持国际合作、促进创新以及与利益相关方协调。该办公室在 Directorate-General for Communication Networks, Content and Technology 下运作。" }, { "date": "21 February 2024", "title": "EU AI Office enters into force", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-office", "description": "The European AI Office is the centre of AI expertise across the EU, that promotes the development and deployment of AI solutions that benefit society and the economy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU AI Office 生效", "description_zh": "EU Commission 已设立 AI Office，该办公室将支持国家机构执行 AI Act。设立 AI Office 的决定于 2024 年 2 月 21 日生效，早于 EU AI Act 的正式通过。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "Committees endorse EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240212IPR17618/artificial-intelligence-act-committees-confirm-landmark-agreement?fbclid=IwAR3ocRLOwh_D4QDzqgoa_Zl0xQ49OLSoYm9GMFacM9Q_lrqF3MYKss66jRM", "description": "MEPs have endorsed at committee level the provisional agreement on the Artificial Intelligence Act that ensures safety and complies with fundamental rights.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会支持 EU AI Act", "description_zh": "Internal Market and Civil Liberties Committees 以 71 票赞成、8 票反对（7 票弃权）的表决结果批准了 EU AI Act 谈判结果。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "EU countries give crucial nod to the EU AI Act", "url": "", "description": "News report (euractiv.com, 2 February 2024) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟成员国对 EU AI Act 给予关键性认可", "description_zh": "欧盟成员国一致批准了 EU AI Act，确认了 2023 年 12 月达成的政治协议。European Parliament 的 Internal Market and Civil Liberties Committees 将于 2 月 13 日通过该法案，随后计划于 4 月 10 日至 11 日进行全体会议表决。届时，部长级层面的批准将完成正式通过程序。该法案将在 Official Journal 上发布后 20 天生效。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Commission Decision of 24 January 2024 establishing the European Artificial Intelligence Office", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024D0390", "description": "This Commission Decision formally established the European AI Office within the Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT), as the body responsible for overseeing and enforcing the AI Act at EU level, particularly for general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. The AI Office is charged with developing technical standards, conducting evaluations of GPAI models, coordinating enforcement across Member States, and advancing international engagement on AI governance. It became operational in February 2024 and represents the EU's central institutional hub for AI regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日关于设立 European Artificial Intelligence Office 的委员会决定", "description_zh": "该委员会决定在 Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT) 内正式设立 European AI Office，作为在欧盟层面监督和执行 AI Act 的机构，特别是针对通用人工智能 (GPAI) 模型。AI Office 负责制定技术标准、评估 GPAI 模型、协调成员国之间的执法，并推进人工智能治理领域的国际参与。该办公室于 2024 年 2 月开始运作，是欧盟人工智能监管的中央机构枢纽。" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "EU Commission outlines strategy for implementing EU AI Act", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/publications/artificial-intelligence-european-commission-aiec-communication_en", "description": "The Communication outlines the strategic vision of the European Commission to foster the internal development and use of lawful, safe and trustworthy Artificial Intelligence systems. With this, the Commission anticipates and prepares internally for the implementation of the EU AI Act, the world’s first comprehensive law on AI. It includes concrete actions about how the Commission will build institutional and operational capacity to ensure safe, transparent, and human-centred use of AI in its work. The Commission is also preparing to work with EU public administrations in their adoption and use", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Commission 概述 EU AI Act 实施战略", "description_zh": "该通讯概述了 European Commission 实施 EU AI Act 的战略愿景和具体行动，包括 (1) 维护人工智能系统和举措登记册；(2) 制定关于人工智能解决方案的工作人员业务指南；(3) 规划、建设并维护具备人工智能技能的劳动力队伍；(4) 复用/贡献开源人工智能；(5) 制定变革管理和沟通框架，以协助工作人员适应和提高人工智能意识；(6) 加强委员会的数据成熟度；(7) 与欧盟机构、机关、代理机构以及成员国开展知识共享与合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "EU plans new laws for AI in the music sector", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240112IPR16773/music-streaming-sector-eu-must-ensure-just-pay-for-artists-and-fair-algorithms", "description": "On Wednesday, the European Parliament called for EU rules to ensure the music streaming sector is fair and sustainable, and to promote cultural diversity.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟计划制定音乐领域人工智能新法", "description_zh": "EU Parliament 呼吁制定欧盟规则，以确保音乐流媒体行业在人工智能时代公平且可持续，包括修订版税制度以及对人工智能生成音乐和深度伪造的标签要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "EU Commission inquiry into competition in Virtual Worlds and Generative AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_24_85", "description": "The European Commission has launched today two calls for contributions on competition in virtual worlds and generative artificial intelligence (‘AI\\') and sent requests for information to several large digital players. \\n", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Commission 就虚拟世界和生成式人工智能领域的竞争展开调查", "description_zh": "EU Commission 就虚拟世界和生成式人工智能领域的竞争发起了两次意见征集，并向多家大型数字企业发出了信息请求。利益相关方须在 2024 年 3 月 11 日前提交对意见征集的回应。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2023", "title": "EU policymakers finally reach agreement on EU AI Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_6473", "description": "The Commission welcomes the political agreement reached between the European Parliament and the Council on the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act), proposed by the Commission in April 2021.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟政策制定者最终就 EU AI Act 达成协议", "description_zh": "欧盟政策制定者就 EU AI Act 达成了政治协议。该法律仍需经过最后几项批准程序，但政治协议意味着其主要框架已确定。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2023", "title": "France, Germany, Italy push for 'mandatory self-regulation' for foundation models in EU's AI law", "url": "", "description": "News report (euractiv.com, 19 November 2023) regarding AI policy activity in Europe. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国、德国、意大利推动在欧盟人工智能法中对基础模型实施“强制性自我监管”", "description_zh": "欧盟三大成员国正在推动对基础模型采取行为守则而非人工智能规则手册中的强制性义务，且初期不设制裁机制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "EU AI Pact", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-pact", "description": "The AI Pact encourages and supports organisations to plan ahead for the implementation of AI Act measures.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU AI Pact", "description_zh": "European Commission 推出了 AI Pact，鼓励企业在法定截止日期前自愿承诺实施 AI Act 中规定的措施。企业可以承诺努力遵守，概述其正在计划或已经实施的流程和实践。有兴趣的组织现在可以表达参与意向，正式启动仪式预计在法案通过后举行。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 October 2023", "title": "EU may fail to pass its AI Act in 2023", "url": "https://www.theverge.com/2023/10/23/23929273/eu-ai-act-generative-regulation-models", "description": "An agreement is not expected for October’s meeting after Spain, the current EU head, proposed new compromises to regulate foundation models like GPT.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟可能未能在 2023 年通过 AI Act", "description_zh": "期待已久的 EU AI Act 仍在辩论中，因为欧洲立法者无法就如何监管基础模型达成一致，且不太可能在 2023 年 12 月前通过该法规。目前担任欧盟轮值主席国的西班牙正在推动对漏洞进行更定期的审查，并建立一个根据模型用户数量确定监管级别的分级制度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 September 2023", "title": "EU model contractual AI clauses to pilot in procurements of AI", "url": "https://public-buyers-community.ec.europa.eu/communities/procurement-ai/resources/eu-model-contractual-ai-clauses-pilot-procurements-ai", "description": "These standard EU model contractual AI clauses have been drafted in assignment of this community and have been peer-reviewed by experts. They are the updated version of the Model Clauses that we have shared in April this year. This community has made these clauses available for public organisations wishing to procure an AI system developed by an external supplier. Considering that the proposed AI Act is still under negotiations, public organisations that decide to use these conditions may do that on a voluntary basis assessing on a case-by-case basis whether the various sections of these stand", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能采购示范合同条款试点", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了标准的欧盟人工智能示范合同条款（由社区起草并经同行评审），以支持公共采购方采购可信、公平和安全的人工智能解决方案。该条款是 2023 年 4 月分享的示范条款的更新版本。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 of the European Parliament and of the Council on machinery (recast) — AI-relevant provisions", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1230", "description": "The recast Machinery Regulation updates the legal framework for machinery safety and is directly relevant to AI because it covers machinery incorporating AI components and autonomous systems, requiring them to meet safety and cybersecurity requirements. It introduces explicit provisions for self-evolving and self-learning machinery, requiring that such systems remain safe throughout their operational life. This regulation interacts with the EU AI Act for machinery classified as high-risk AI systems.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1230（European Parliament 和 Council 通过的机械法规（重订版）——人工智能相关条款）", "description_zh": "重订版《机械法规》更新了机械安全法律框架，并直接适用于人工智能，因为它涵盖包含人工智能组件和自主系统的机械，要求它们满足安全和网络安全要求。该法规对自我进化和自我学习机械引入了明确规定，要求此类系统在整个运行寿命期间保持安全。该法规与 EU AI Act 对归类为高风险人工智能系统的机械部分相互衔接。" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "EU AI Bill passes plenary vote", "url": "https://time.com/6287136/eu-ai-regulation/", "description": "Primary source (time.com) dated 14 June 2023 in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU AI Bill 通过全体会议表决", "description_zh": "EU Parliament 表决通过了 EU AI Bill 的文本。该法案现在将进入欧盟监管程序的最后“三方会谈”阶段。届时，官员们将试图在 EU Parliament 刚刚批准的法案草案、EU Council 倾向的不同版本以及成员国的期望之间达成妥协。如果该法律要在 2024 年欧盟选举前生效，则该程序须在 2024 年 1 月前完成。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 406", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Fourth Ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_2992", "description": "\\nI. Introduction\\nThe fourth Ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (“TTC”) took place in Luleå, Sweden, on 31 May 2023. It was co-chaired by European Commission Executive Vice Preside", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Trade and Technology Council (TTC) 第四次部长级会议", "description_zh": "除其他事项外，欧盟和美国在 TTC 上重申了加强在新兴技术（包括人工智能）领域跨大西洋合作的承诺。在人工智能方面，欧盟和美国一致认为应采取基于风险的方法来推进可信和负责任的人工智能技术。特别是，双方通过启动三个专门的专家组推进了“可信人工智能和风险管理评估与测量工具联合路线图”的实施，重点关注：(1) 人工智能术语和分类法；(2) 就可信人工智能和风险管理的标准与工具开展合作；(3) 监测和衡量现有及新兴的人工智能风险。欧盟和美国还将继续在与 G7 或经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 等多边讨论中开展合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Fourth Ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_2992", "description": "\\nI. Introduction\\nThe fourth Ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (“TTC”) took place in Luleå, Sweden, on 31 May 2023. It was co-chaired by European Commission Executive Vice Preside", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Trade and Technology Council (TTC) 第四次部长级会议", "description_zh": "除其他事项外，欧盟和美国在 TTC 上重申了加强在新兴技术（包括人工智能）领域跨大西洋合作的承诺。在人工智能方面，欧盟和美国一致认为应采取基于风险的方法来推进可信和负责任的人工智能技术。特别是，双方通过启动三个专门的专家组推进了“可信人工智能和风险管理评估与测量工具联合路线图”的实施，重点关注：(1) 人工智能术语和分类法；(2) 就可信人工智能和风险管理的标准与工具开展合作；(3) 监测和衡量现有及新兴的人工智能风险。欧盟和美国还将继续在与 G7 或经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 等多边讨论中开展合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 September 2022", "title": "Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence (AI Liability Directive)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52022PC0496", "description": "This proposed directive aims to make it easier for individuals harmed by AI systems to seek compensation by addressing the evidential difficulties specific to AI-related damage. It introduces a rebuttable presumption of causal link between an AI provider's fault and harm caused, and requires providers of high-risk AI systems to disclose relevant evidence when damage is suspected. The proposal complements the EU AI Act and the revised Product Liability Directive, forming part of the EU's broader AI liability framework. Note: as of mid-2024, the proposal was stalled in trilogue negotiations.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament 和 Council 关于调整非合同性民事责任规则以适应人工智能的指令提案（AI Liability Directive）", "description_zh": "该指令提案旨在使受人工智能系统损害的个人更容易通过解决人工智能相关损害特有的举证困难来寻求赔偿。它引入了提供者过错与造成损害之间可反驳的因果关系推定，并要求高风险人工智能系统的提供者在怀疑造成损害时披露相关证据。该提案是对 EU AI Act 和修订后的 Product Liability Directive 的补充，构成了欧盟更广泛的人工智能责任框架的一部分。注：截至 2024 年中期，该提案在三方会谈谈判中陷入停滞。" }, { "date": "03 March 2022", "title": "AI Liability Directive", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0496", "description": "Establishes rules for disclosure of evidence and burden of proof in civil claims for damages caused by high-risk AI systems. Presumes fault and causal link under specific conditions. Allows national courts to order evidence disclosure and preservation. Requires Member States to implement compatible rules.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Liability Directive", "description_zh": "确立在因高风险人工智能系统造成损害的民事索赔中关于证据披露和举证责任的规则。在特定条件下推定过错和因果关系。允许国家法院下令披露和保全证据。要求成员国实施兼容的规则。" }, { "date": "21 April 2021", "title": "Communication from the Commission — Fostering a European Approach to Artificial Intelligence (COM/2021/205) and revised Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence 2021", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0205", "description": "This communication updated the EU's coordinated plan on AI, aligning it with the European Green Deal, industrial strategy, and digital strategy, and setting out four key objectives: ensuring the EU is the right place to develop and deploy trustworthy AI, making the EU the best place for AI innovation, building the AI ecosystem of excellence, and ensuring AI works for people. It was released on the same day as the proposed AI Act and the updated coordinated plan, together forming the EU's integrated AI policy package for 2021. The coordinated plan called on Member States to update their national AI strategies accordingly.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Commission 通讯——促进欧洲人工智能发展方针（COM/2021/205）及 2021 年修订版人工智能协调计划", "description_zh": "该通讯更新了欧盟的人工智能协调计划，使其与 European Green Deal、产业战略和数字战略保持一致，并确立了四大关键目标：确保欧盟成为开发和部署可信人工智能的合适场所；使欧盟成为人工智能创新的最佳场所；建设卓越的人工智能生态系统；确保人工智能造福人民。该通讯与 AI Act 提案和更新后的协调计划于同一天发布，共同构成了欧盟 2021 年一体化人工智能政策一揽子计划。协调计划呼吁成员国相应更新其国家人工智能战略。" }, { "date": "21 April 2021", "title": "Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) — COM/2021/206", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206", "description": "This is the original Commission legislative proposal for the EU AI Act, which initiated the three-year legislative process culminating in Regulation 2024/1689. It introduced the risk-based framework, defined AI systems, established prohibited AI practices, and set out requirements for high-risk AI systems across multiple sectors. The proposal underwent significant amendment during European Parliament and Council negotiations, particularly regarding general-purpose AI and foundation models, before final adoption in 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament 和 Council 关于制定人工智能统一规则法规提案（Artificial Intelligence Act）——COM/2021/206", "description_zh": "这是 EU AI Act 的原始委员会立法提案，启动了为期三年的立法进程，最终形成 Regulation 2024/1689。该提案引入了基于风险的框架，定义了人工智能系统，确立了被禁止的人工智能实践，并对多个行业的高风险人工智能系统提出了要求。该提案在 European Parliament 和 Council 谈判期间经过了重大修订，特别是关于通用人工智能和基础模型的内容，最终于 2024 年获得通过。" }, { "date": "19 February 2020", "title": "Communication from the Commission — White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European approach to excellence and trust (COM/2020/65)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0065", "description": "This white paper set out the Commission's vision for a regulatory framework for trustworthy AI, introducing the concept of a risk-based approach and outlining the policy options that would ultimately shape the EU AI Act. It distinguished between high-risk and lower-risk AI applications and proposed requirements around training data, transparency, human oversight, robustness, and accuracy. It was accompanied by a European strategy for data and was open for public consultation, directly informing the 2021 AI Act legislative proposal.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Commission 通讯——人工智能白皮书：迈向卓越与信任的欧洲路径（COM/2020/65）", "description_zh": "该白皮书阐述了委员会对可信人工智能监管框架的愿景，引入了基于风险方法的概念，并概述了最终塑造 EU AI Act 的政策选项。它区分了高风险和低风险人工智能应用，并围绕训练数据、透明度、人工监督、稳健性和准确性提出了要求。该白皮书随附欧洲数据战略发布，并公开征求公众意见，直接为 2021 年 AI Act 立法提案提供了参考。" }, { "date": "25 April 2018", "title": "Communication from the Commission — Artificial Intelligence for Europe (COM/2018/237)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0237", "description": "This communication launched the EU's first comprehensive AI strategy, setting out a three-pronged approach to boost the EU's technological and industrial capacity in AI, prepare for socio-economic changes, and ensure an appropriate ethical and legal framework. It called for increased investment, better data access, talent development, and international cooperation, and initiated the process that led to the High-Level Expert Group on AI and the Ethics Guidelines. It established the foundational framing of AI as a strategic priority for Europe's digital economy and society.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Labor & Workforce", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Commission 通讯——欧洲人工智能（COM/2018/237）", "description_zh": "该通讯启动了欧盟首部综合性人工智能战略，提出了三管齐下的人工智能发展方针，以提升欧盟在人工智能领域的技术和产业能力、为社会经济变革做好准备，并确保建立适当的伦理和法律框架。它呼吁增加投资、改善数据获取、培养人才并加强国际合作，并启动了导致 High-Level Expert Group on AI 和 Ethics Guidelines 的进程。该通讯确立了人工智能作为欧洲数字经济和社会战略优先事项的基础框架。" }, { "date": "04 May 2016", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679", "description": "The GDPR is the EU's foundational data protection law and is directly applicable to AI systems that process personal data of EU residents, governing lawfulness of processing, data minimisation, purpose limitation, automated decision-making rights (Article 22), and data subject rights including the right to explanation. The European Data Protection Board has issued guidance confirming that AI systems — including large language models — processing personal data must comply with GDPR, and several national supervisory authorities have issued enforcement actions against AI tools on GDPR grounds. It remains the primary EU legal instrument constraining AI data practices pending full application of the AI Act.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulation (EU) 2016/679（European Parliament 和 Council 于 2016 年 4 月 27 日通过，关于个人数据处理及数据自由流动的自然人保护，并废止 Directive 95/46/EC（General Data Protection Regulation））", "description_zh": "GDPR 是欧盟的基础性数据保护法，直接适用于处理欧盟居民个人数据的人工智能系统，规制处理的合法性、数据最小化、目的限制、自动化决策权（第 22 条）以及数据主体权利，包括解释权。European Data Protection Board 已发布指南，确认处理个人数据的人工智能系统——包括大型语言模型——必须遵守 GDPR，多个国家级监管机构已基于 GDPR 对人工智能工具采取了执法行动。在 AI Act 全面适用之前，它仍是约束人工智能数据实践的主要欧盟法律工具。" }, { "title": "Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation Proposal", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-omnibus-ai-regulation-proposal", "description": "The Commission is proposing targeted simplification measures to ensure timely, smooth, and proportionate implementation of certain of the AI Act’s provisions.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管数字一揽子提案：", "description_zh": "European Commission 公布了其新的数字一揽子计划，其中包括一项简化人工智能、网络安全和数据规则的数字综合法案，并辅以 Data Union Strategy 以释放高质量数据供人工智能使用，以及 European Business Wallets，为企业提供单一数字身份以简化文书工作并使其在欧盟成员国之间开展业务更加便捷。在 EU AI Act 方面，数字综合法案提议：(1) 时间线变更（第 113 条）——将高风险人工智能系统义务的适用日期（目前为 2026 年 8 月 2 日）推迟至技术标准获批后 6 至 12 个月，或根据附件列明的具体日期定为 2027 年 12 月和 2028 年 8 月；(2) 下调人工智能素养义务（第 4 条）——将提供者和部署者实施人工智能素养的法律要求转变为委员会和成员国促进人工智能素养并鼓励提供者/部署者采取措施的要求；(3) 扩大 EU AI Office 的职权范围（第 75 条）——指定 AI Office 为监督和执法机构，负责监督基于通用人工智能模型的某些人工智能系统，其中模型和系统由同一提供者开发；(4) 限制在公共欧盟数据库中登记（第 6 条）——如果人工智能系统用于高风险领域（附件 III），但提供者经评估和记录认定不属于高风险，则取消提供者在公共数据库中登记该系统的义务，但须在要求时提供该评估的证据；(5) 中小型成长企业 (SMC) 的比例原则（第 99 条）——为 SMC（员工不超过 750 人且年营业额低于 1.5 亿欧元的公司）引入规模更小、更相称的合规处罚，这是对现有中小企业和初创企业比例原则的补充。该提案将在未来数月内接受三方会谈谈判。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "EU AI Act (2024/1689) (2024)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU AI Act (2024/1689) (2024)：", "description_zh": "该法案对人工智能系统和模型采用基于风险的方法进行监管，具体如下：(1) 创建“不可接受风险”的人工智能系统被禁止；(2) 对健康、安全或基本权利构成重大风险的“高风险”人工智能系统（例如用于产品安全组件、生物识别、就业、基本服务、教育以及法案规定的其他关键领域）须遵守严格的法律要求；(3) 对与人类交互或生成合成内容且对用户而言并非明显可识别的系统，施加透明度义务（非正式称为“有限风险”应用）；以及 (4) 不属于上述范围的人工智能系统不受特定要求的约束（非正式称为“最小风险”应用）。此外，还将对“通用人工智能”系统和模型制定规则（对具有系统性风险的模型制定更严格的规则）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "New Product Liability Directive (2022/0302/COD)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2853/oj", "description": "Do you want to help improving EUR-Lex ? This is a list of experimental features that you can enable. These features are still under development; they are not fully tested, and might reduce EUR-Lex stability. Don't forget to give your feedback!", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "New Product Liability Directive (2022/0302/COD)：", "description_zh": "这是取代旧版 (85/374/EEC，1985 年通过) 的新 Product Liability Directive。新指令扩大了“缺陷产品”的定义，将软件以及与产品集成的数字服务（包括操作系统和集成人工智能系统的应用程序）纳入其中。对缺陷产品承担经济责任的主体范围扩大，包括制造商、分销商、进口商和在线平台。新指令通过引入缺陷推定和因果关系推定，减轻了受害方的举证负担，尤其适用于人工智能等复杂产品。制造商有责任在产品投放市场后维护其安全性。新指令还延长了某些伤害的诉讼时效，并允许追偿各类损害。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "WITHDRAWN", "title": "AI Liability Directive (2022)", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/doing-business-eu/contract-rules/digital-contracts/liability-rules-artificial-intelligence_en", "description": "In its White Paper on Artificial Intelligence , the Commission undertook to promote the uptake of artificial intelligence and to address the risks associated with certain of its uses.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Liability Directive (2022)", "description_zh": "该指令提案将涵盖现有 Product Liability Directive 范围之外的索赔。例如，因不当行为（包括侵犯隐私）或安全问题造成的损害。该提案旨在确立 (1) 因果关系推定（即如果提供者违反 EU AI Act 下的注意义务，法院可在索赔人能够证明提供者的违约行为与该人工智能系统的输出“合理可能”相关的情况下，推定提供者的违约行为造成了索赔人遭受的损失/损害）；以及 (2) 受害者有权要求国家法院下令披露高风险人工智能系统的信息，使其能够确定应承担责任的正确实体。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Guidelines on the scope of obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models under the AI Act (2025)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidelines-scope-obligations-providers-general-purpose-ai-models-under-ai-act", "description": "These guidelines focus on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models laid down in the AI Act, in light of their imminent entry into application on 2 August 2025.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 AI Act 下通用人工智能模型提供者义务范围指南（2025）：", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了关于 AI Act 规定的通用人工智能模型提供者义务范围的指南，鉴于这些义务即将于 2025 年 8 月 2 日生效。这是一项关键的行政指导文件，阐述了委员会作为唯一执法机构将如何进行法律解释。值得注意的内容如下：(1) 通用人工智能模型的计算阈值从 10^{22} 次浮点运算 (FLOPs) 提高到 10^{23} 次，委员会认为这反映了训练具有 10 亿参数模型通常所需的计算量。此外，该模型必须能够生成文本、音频、图像或视频；(2) 对于下游修改，阈值设定为原始模型训练计算资源的三分之一。委员会明确，如果超过该阈值，将被视为新模型投放市场，下游修改者必须立即遵守 AI Act，因为祖父条款不适用；(3) 指南解释了开源豁免将如何适用，包括一系列不被接受的做法，例如对使用施加限制、要求额外许可或限制参数（包括模型权重）的公开可用性；(4) 对已在欧盟市场上投放的模型的祖父条款作出重要澄清，这些模型须在 2027 年 8 月前遵守 AI Act。在此情况下，提供者无需“在无法对过去已执行的行为进行重新训练或遗忘、部分训练数据信息不可用或检索将造成提供者不成比例负担的情况下，对模型进行重新训练或遗忘”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Guidelines on AI system definition (2025)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-ai-system-definition-facilitate-first-ai-acts-rules-application", "description": "The guidelines on the AI system definition explain the practical application of the legal concept, as anchored in the AI Act.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于人工智能系统定义指南（2025）：", "description_zh": "该指南为提供者提供帮助，以确定软件系统是否属于 EU AI Act 所定义的“人工智能系统”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Guidelines on prohibited AI practices (2025)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-prohibited-artificial-intelligence-ai-practices-defined-ai-act", "description": "These guidelines provide an overview of AI practices that are deemed unacceptable due to their potential risks to European values and fundamental rights.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于被禁止的人工智能实践指南（2025）：", "description_zh": "关于 EU AI Act 定义的被禁止的人工智能实践指南，如有害操纵、社会评分和实时远程生物识别等。尽管这些指南为理解禁令提供了宝贵见解，但它们不具有约束力，权威解释权保留给 Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)。指南提供了法律解释和实际案例，以帮助利益相关方理解并遵守 AI Act 的要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (2025)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/contents-code-gpai", "description": "The code of practice helps industry comply with the AI Act legal obligations on safety, transparency and copyright of general-purpose AI models.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "General-Purpose AI Code of Practice (2025)：", "description_zh": "根据 EU AI Act 第 56 条的设想，本守则涉及通用人工智能模型（包括具有系统性风险的模型）提供者的关键考量。透明度和版权章节为所有通用人工智能模型的提供者提供了一种证明其遵守 AI Act 第 53 条义务的方式。安全与安保章节仅适用于少数最先进的模型提供者，即受 AI Act 第 55 条关于具有系统性风险的通用人工智能模型提供者义务约束的模型。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "The regulation of fine-tuning: Federated compliance for modified general-purpose AI models (4 December 2025)", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212473X25001063", "description": "Primary source (sciencedirect.com) in Europe. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微调监管：修改后通用人工智能模型的联合合规（2025 年 12 月 4 日）：", "description_zh": "本文探讨了在 EU AI Act 及相关法律框架下修改通用人工智能 (GPAI) 模型的监管和责任影响。我们为这一辩论做出了五项主要贡献。首先，分析绘制了对 GPAI 模型进行技术修改的频谱，并提出了这些干预措施及其相关合规负担的详细分类法。其次，讨论明确了修改实体在何种确切情况下构成 AI Act 下的 GPAI 提供者，这显著改变了合规要求。第三，我们开发了一种新颖的混合法律测试，以区分重大修改与非重大修改，该测试将基于计算的阈值与后果扫描相结合，以评估风险的引入或放大。第四，本文审视了修订后的 Product Liability Directive (PLD) 和侵权法下的责任，认为对 GPAI 模型进行重大修改的实体成为 PLD 下的“制造商”，并可能因缺陷而承担责任。本文将两个制度下的“重大修改”概念进行统一，以实现法律一致性，并主张“新提供者”(AI Act) 与“新制造商”(PLD) 之间的一一对应关系。第五，建议为政策制定者和管理者提供了具体的治理策略，提议建立基于基础模型和修改模型联合测试的联合合规结构，实施失效模式与影响分析以及后果扫描，建立 GPAI 模型及修改的新数据库，健全文档记录，并遵守自愿行为守则。该框架还为中小企业提出了简化的合规选项，同时保留其责任义务。总体而言，本文旨在为修改后的 GPAI 模型构建一个相称且风险敏感的监管框架，整合技术、法律及更广泛的社会考量。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 April 2026", "title": "European Commission preliminary findings against Google over search data sharing obligations under the Digital Markets Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_26_825/IP_26_825_EN.pdf", "description": "The European Commission sent preliminary findings to Google outlining proposed measures to comply with the Digital Markets Act, requiring Google to allow third-party search engines to access search data on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 就 Google 在 Digital Markets Act 下搜索数据共享义务的初步认定", "description_zh": "European Commission 向 Google 发送了初步认定，概述了为遵守 Digital Markets Act 而提议的措施，要求 Google 允许第三方搜索引擎以公平、合理和非歧视的条件访问搜索数据。" }, { "date": "16 April 2026", "title": "European Commission guidelines on application of Article 101 of the Treaty to technology transfer agreements", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_809", "description": "The European Commission adopted revised guidelines on the application of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to technology transfer agreements, outlining the framework for assessing licensing arrangements under EU competition law.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 关于将条约第 101 条适用于技术转让协议的指南", "description_zh": "European Commission 通过了修订后的指南，涉及将 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 第 101 条适用于技术转让协议，概述了根据欧盟竞争法评估许可安排的框架。" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "Portugal law implementing Digital Services Act designating competent authorities enters into force", "url": "https://www.parlamento.pt/ActividadeParlamentar/Paginas/DetalheIniciativa.aspx?BID=315445", "description": "The Law implementing the Digital Services Act in Portugal enters into force, designating the National Communications Authority as the national Digital Services Coordinator.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "葡萄牙实施 Digital Services Act 并指定主管机构的法律生效", "description_zh": "葡萄牙实施 Digital Services Act 的法律生效，指定 National Communications Authority 为国家数字服务协调机构。" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "European Commission announced European age verification app for online platforms", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news-and-media/news/european-age-verification-app-keep-children-safe-online-2026-04-15_en", "description": "The European Commission announced that a European age verification app is technically ready and will allow users to prove their age when accessing online platforms without revealing additional personal information.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 宣布推出面向在线平台的欧洲年龄验证应用程序", "description_zh": "European Commission 宣布，一款欧洲年龄验证应用程序已技术上准备就绪，将允许用户在访问在线平台时证明其年龄，而无需透露额外的个人信息。" }, { "date": "14 April 2026", "title": "European Commission consultation on draft implementing regulation on minimum metadata elements for European Health Data Space", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/15673-European-Health-Data-Space-dataset-descriptions_en", "description": "The European Commission opened consultation on draft implementing regulation laying down minimum metadata elements for dataset descriptions for secondary use of electronic health data under the European Health Data Space.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 就 European Health Data Space 最低元数据要素执行法规草案开展磋商", "description_zh": "European Commission 就制定 European Health Data Space 下电子健康数据二次使用数据集描述最低元数据要素的执行法规草案开展了磋商。" }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "ENISA Cybersecurity Exercise Methodology", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/the-enisa-cybersecurity-exercise-methodology", "description": "ENISA adopted the Cybersecurity Exercise Methodology to guide organisations in developing cybersecurity exercises for testing team and system capabilities against emerging cyber threats.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 网络安全演练方法", "description_zh": "ENISA 通过了网络安全演练方法，以指导各组织制定网络安全演练，用于测试团队和系统应对新兴网络威胁的能力。" }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "European Commission report on implementation of user speech rights under the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_26_426", "description": "The European Commission published a summary regarding the implementation of user speech rights under the DSA for the past two years, addressing the impact on online platforms including e-commerce marketplaces, search engines, and social media services.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission 关于 Digital Services Act 下用户言论权利实施情况的报告", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了关于过去两年 DSA 下用户言论权利实施情况的摘要，涉及对在线平台的影响，包括电子商务市场、搜索引擎和社交媒体服务。" } ], "entry_count": 278, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "AT", "title": "Austria", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "Regulation establishing a framework for a European Digital Identity", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1183", "description": "On 20 May 2024, the Regulation establishing a framework for a European Digital Identity (eID) enters into force. The eID aims to allow universal access to secure and reliable electronic identification and authentication through a personal digital wallet on mobile phones to enable individuals to prove their identity without having to use the identification mechanisms provided by commercial providers. The Regulation would require each Member State to approve at least one national Wallet, which ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-02-02", "title": "EU Strategy on Standardisation", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/48598", "description": "On 2 February 2022, the European Commission has published its Strategy on Standardisation, in which it details the need to establish standards in several sectors, including ones linked to the digital market, to avoid future strategic dependencies. The identified sectors include the certification of chips and data standards. In relation to these goals, the Strategy sets out the Commission's plan of action, including establishing new channels of communication and cooperation, reviewing existing...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-14", "title": "European Blockchain Regulatory Sandbox for innovative use cases involving Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/launch-european-blockchain-regulatory-sandbox", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Commission announced the launch of the European Blockchain Regulatory Sandbox for innovative use cases involving Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), also known as blockchain. The project is designed to support innovative use cases involving blockchain technology and to promote the development and innovation of blockchain technology within the European Union by creating the space for a dialogue regulators and innovators. The initiative will operate for thre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-04", "title": "EU consumer authorities investigation into Nintendo concerning the right to repair", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2106", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the European Commission announced that Nintendo had agreed to offer all consumers the right to repair for affected controllers of the “Nintendo Switch” gaming console free of charge. The announcement follows an alert from the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC), which led the European Commission and EU consumer authorities (Network of Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) Authorities) to contact Nintendo to address the recurring technical problem and non-compliance with con...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-17", "title": "EU WTO dispute against India's tariffs on information and communication technology (ICT) products", "url": "https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds582_e.htm", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the World Trade Organization (WTO) published the panel's decision on the \"India-Tariffs on ICT Goods (EU)\" case (DS582). The panel ruled in favour of the EU and found that India's tariffs of up to 20% on certain information and communications technology (ICT) products were inconsistent with India's WTO commitments and could not be justified. In particular, the panel found that India breached Articles II-1(a) and (b) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 on Sched...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Flagging mechanism requirement in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) is implemented. The DSA aims to protect consumers against illicit content or services and protect their basic rights online. Under the DSA, all online platforms that provide hosting services, except for small and micro enterprises, have to set up a notification mechanism for users to report unlawful content. The online platforms that have more than 45 million monthly users in the EU will have to handle complaint...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Transparency reporting requirement in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) is implemented. Under the DSA, the platforms will be required to publish specific information, such as who is paying for the advertisements displayed and who is subject to targeting. Secondly, online platforms will be required to provide transparency reports at least every six months, including the number of accounts suspended, content deleted, and the time dedicated to content moderation. Thirdly, users would b...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-24", "title": "EU Data Governance Act", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CONSIL:PE_85_2021_REV_1&from=EN", "description": "On 24 September 2023, the Data Governance Act is implemented. The Act aims to improve data sharing trust, establish new EU laws on data marketplace neutrality, and make it easier to reuse some public-sector data. In important fields, including health, the environment, energy, agriculture, mobility, finance, manufacturing, public administration, and skills, it will establish common European data spaces.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-20", "title": "European Parliament resolution of 20 October 2020 with recommendations to the Commission on a framework of ethical aspects of artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies (2020/2012(INL))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0275_EN.pdf", "description": "Adoption of legislative resolution by European Parliament, which asks European Commission to establish legal framework of ethical principles for developent, deployment and use of AI, robotics, software, algorithms and data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Establishment of an European Artificial Intelligence Board in Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "On 2 August 2026, the regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), including AI authority governance, is implemented after the lapse of the grace period. The Act includes provisions for the establishment of a European AI Board and AI Office. The AI Office will be assigned the tasks of monitoring and ensuring compliance with the Act, conducting joint investigations, collaborating with national supervisory authorities, and offering guidance o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-02", "title": "Service access restriction on AI systems posing \"unacceptable risk\" in Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "On 2 February 2025, the prohibition on certain AI systems in the regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) is implemented. The Act includes a ban on AI systems posing \"unacceptable risk\". The ban is applicable to cognitive behavioural manipulation, the untargeted scrapping of facial images from the internet or CCTV footage, emotion recognition in the workplace and educational institutions, social scoring, biometric categorisation to infer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-20", "title": "European Parliament resolution on data protection adequacy", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20210518IPR04206/data-protection-meps-call-for-clear-guidelines-on-transfer-of-data-to-the-us", "description": "The European Parliament adopts a resolution urging the European Commission to issue guidelines on making data transfers compliant with ECJ rulings, mainly the Schrems II decision that U.S. data trasfers are inconsistent with the GDPR since U.S. authorities may access personal data in bulk. The resolution further calls on the Commission to integrate the EDPB`s guidelines.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-16", "title": "EU-US Trade and Technology Council", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/statement_22_3108/STATEMENT_22_3108_EN.pdf", "description": "On 16 May 2022, the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and US President Joe Biden released a joint statement after the second ministerial meeting of the EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) in Saclay, France. The two Presidents emphasised the importance of the TTC for enabling trade between the two countries and countering trade-distortive practices. Further, they announced that the ministers involved in the meeting had announced new initiatives in a number of fields, incl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-06-30", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor Strategy 2020-2024", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/20-06-30_edps_shaping_safer_digital_future_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) publishes its strategy for the years 2020-2024. According to the statement, the EDPS will push for `data protection by design`, strengthen the European oversight mechanism, a moratorium on face-recognition software in public places, standard contractual clauses for data controllers, a diversification of communication and software service procurement in the European institutions, standard protection clauses for cross-border data transfer, among ot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-23", "title": "EU Briefing on Artificial Intelligence in smart cities and urban mobility", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/662937/IPOL_BRI(2021)662937_EN.pdf", "description": "On 23 July 2021, the EU Parliament published a Briefing on Artificial Intelligence in smart cities and urban mobility. The briefing highlights difficulties in implementing AI due to the availability of technology and data, the dependency on private third parties, ethical challenges and the difficulty of regulating interdependent infrastructures and data. The paper recommends EU-wide support for digital infrastructures, the inclusion of urban AI in EU research programs and the adoption of inno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Platform content liability in Law to Combat Hate in the Internet", "url": "https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXVII/I/I_00481/index.shtml#tab-Uebersicht", "description": "The Law to Combat Hate in the Internet (German: Hass-im-Netz-Bekämpfungs-Gesetz) has entered into force on 1 January 2021. The law makes the owners/operators of electronic communications platforms liable in damages for a number of torts committed using their platforms (Art.9), including: slander and insult, exposure of highly personal information, identifying of private details resulting in falling victim to a crime, and portrayal of a person suspected but not yet convicted of a crime as guilty.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-17", "title": "European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) Artificial Intelligence report", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/media/news/eiopa-publishes-report-artificial-intelligence-governance-principles_en", "description": "The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) published a report setting out artificial intelligence governance principles for the EU insurance sector. The aim of the report is to provide guidance to insurance companies when putting in place risk-based and proportionate measures. Moreover, the report identifies key principles to implement AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-16", "title": "EPRS study and recommendations on the use of biometrics in the era of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/697191/EPRS_STU(2021)697191_EN.pdf", "description": "The European Parliament Research Service (EPRS) published a study titled \"Person identification, human rights, and ethical principles: Rethinking biometrics in the era of artificial intelligence.\" The study looks at biometrics in the age of artificial intelligence with a focus on the links between personal identity, human rights, and ethical standards. In particular, the study examines key related concepts introduced by the European Commission's proposal for a Regulation on Laying Down Harmon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-07", "title": "European standardisation regulation", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32022R2480", "description": "On 9 July 2023, the European Standardisation Regulation was implemented. The Regulation establishes a framework for the adoption of European standards. The European Commission will be able to require the European Standardisation Organisations to develop standards in line with EU Regulations. Furthermore, the Regulation will enable the participation of representatives of national standardisation bodies in the decision-making processes. Finally, the Regulation will allow for the development of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-01", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor investigation into the legality of EU-US data transfers through Google Analytics", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2022-01/Case%202020-1013%20-%20EDPS%20Decision_bk.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2022, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued its decision regarding the legality of the use of Google Analytics by the European Parliament on its COVID testing webpage. The EDPS opened an investigation into the matter after it received a formal complaint on 29 October 2020 signed by several members of the European Parliament. The EDPS concluded that the use of Google Analytics for data processing violates the General Data Protection Regulation because in this proce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Data governance measures in ePrivacy Regulation", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/strategy-documents/commission-work-programme/commission-work-programme-2025_en", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the European Commission announced a work programme withdrawing the proposal for regulation concerning the respect for private life and the protection of personal data in electronic communications and repealing the Directive 2002/58/EC (ePrivacy Directive). The commission highlighted that no agreement was expected from the co-legislators. It also specified that the proposal became outdated in light of recent developments in both the technological and legislative landscapes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-21", "title": "European Patent Office rejection of AI as inventor in patent applications", "url": "https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/communications/2021/20211221.html", "description": "On 21 December 2021, the European Patent Office's (EPO) Legal Board of Appeal confirmed that, under the European Patent Convention (EPC), an inventor named in a patent application must be a human individual and not a machine. The ruling was made in response to an appeal from the EPO's Receiving Section, which had previously denied two applications in which the artificial intelligence system known DABUS was named as patent inventor. According to the Receiving Section only a human inventor qual...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-22", "title": "EU Parliament’s Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in a Digital Age (AIDA) enquiry report", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220318IPR25801/artificial-intelligence-the-eu-needs-to-act-as-a-global-standard-setter", "description": "On 22 March 2022, the Special Committee on Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Age (AIDA) of the EU Parliament released its final recommendations on artificial intelligence (AI) policy after its 18-months inquiry. The report states that the EU is lagging in the global race for technological leadership and includes a roadmap for the EU to become a global leader in AI. Besides ethical and legal challenges, the text highlights legislative choices that might harness AI's potential in improving...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-21", "title": "EU Regulation on Vehicle Data", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13180-Access-to-vehicle-data-functions-and-resources_en", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the European Commission has closed the consultation on proposed regulation of access to and use of vehicle-generated data. Car data related to repair, vehicle-sharing, and insurance are named as types of data within the proposal's area of concern.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Dark pattern prohibition in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) is implemented. The DSA aims to protect consumers against illicit content or services and protect their basic rights online. The DSA includes a prohibition on several types of targeted advertising, including \"dark patterns\" practices. In particular, online intermediary services are prohibited from nudging users and distorting their choices or decision-making autonomy via the structure, design or functionalities...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-25", "title": "DSB Guidelines on Cookies and Data Protection", "url": "https://www.dsb.gv.at/download-links/FAQ-zum-Thema-Cookies-und-Datenschutz.html#Frage_2", "description": "On 25 May 2022, the Datenschutzbehörde (DSB), Austria's data protection authority, published a set of guidelines on best practices for the use of cookies on websites. The guidelines provide information on the legal framework for the use of cookies under European and Austrian law, as well as specific advice on when cookie banners are required and the design standards that should be met by such banners.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-14", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 07/2022 on certification as a tool for transfers", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-072022-certification-tool-transfers_en", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the “Guidelines 07/2022 on certification as a tool for transfers”. The main purpose of the Guidelines is to provide guidance on the application of Article 46 (2) (f) of the GDPR on transfers of personal data to third countries and international organisations through the mechanism of certification. The Guidelines supplement the already existing general Guidelines 1/2018. In particular, the Guidelines list specific certifica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-07", "title": "ENISA cybersecurity threat landscape methodology", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-threat-landscape-methodology", "description": "On 6 July 2022, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published its cybersecurity threat landscape methodology addressed to public institutions and information security practitioners. The methodology aims to promote consistent and transparent threat intelligence sharing across EU countries and focuses on horizontal, thematic, and sectorial cybersecurity threat landscapes. The ENISA methodology consists of six main steps with feedback foreseen for each of them, notably the direct...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-07", "title": "EDPB statement on data transfers to Russia", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other-guidance/statement-022022-personal-data-transfers-russian_en", "description": "On 12 July 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted Statement 02/2022 on transfers of personal data to the Russian Federation. The EDPB first notes that following the sanctions related to Russia's war in Ukraine and the consecutive exclusion of Russia from the Council of Europe, Russia is no longer a contracting party to the EU legal frameworks and protocols. In addition, the EDPB states that Russia does not benefit from an adequacy decision recognising that it provides an equi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-29", "title": "EDPB and EDPS opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation to prevent and combat child sexual abuse", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2022/proposal-combat-child-sexual-abuse-online-presents-serious-risks-fundamental-rights_en", "description": "On 29 July 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued a joint opinion on the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse. The proposal aims to establish rules for digital service providers, including user content hosting services, messaging services and app stores, regarding the detection of online child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The obligations include using automat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-07", "title": "Opinion on the European Commission's proposal for a Regulation establishing a European Health Data Space (EHDS)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/edpbedps-joint-opinion/edpb-edps-joint-opinion-032022-proposal_en", "description": "On 12 July 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted an opinion on the European Commission's proposal for a Regulation establishing a European Health Data Space (EHDS), which strengthens individuals' control over their health data. The EDPB stressed the importance of clarifying the relationship between the provisions in this proposal and those in the General Data Protection Regulation and Member States' legislation. Furthermore,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-05", "title": "EDPB and EDPS opinion on Data Act", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2022-05/edpb-edps_joint_opinion_22022_on_data_act_proposal_en.pdf", "description": "On 4 May 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued a set of Joint Opinions on the EU Commission's Proposal for a Data Act. The EDPB and EDPS find that additional measures are necessary to ensure that privacy and personal data protection is not lowered in practice. In relation to the rights to access, use and share data, they argue that it should be made clear that access, use and sharing of personal data by non-data subjects rema...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "Directive on adapting civil liability rules to Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://emeeting.europarl.europa.eu/emeeting/committee/en/agenda/202512/JURI", "description": "On 3 December 2025, the European Parliament’s Legal Affairs Committee rejected a proposal to legally challenge the European Commission’s decision to withdraw the draft directive on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence. As a result, the Parliament will not pursue legal action against the Commission for withdrawing the proposal, which had sought to update civil liability rules to address harms involving AI systems. The Commission formally withdrew the propos...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-03", "title": "EDPS opinion on Council of Europe AI Convention", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/press-publications/press-news/press-releases/2024/edps-statement-view-10th-and-last-plenary-meeting-committee-artificial-intelligence-cai-council-europe-drafting-framework-convention-artificial_en", "description": "On 11 March 2024, the 10th and final Plenary Meeting of the Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAI) of the Council of Europe took place, aiming to finalise the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) expressed concerns that the draft Framework Convention might not provide a strong and effective legal framework for the development and uptake of trustworthy AI. The EDPS highlighted the need f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-18", "title": "EU Council Recommendation for strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52022DC0551&from=EN", "description": "On 18 October 2022, the European Commission published the “Proposal for a Council Recommendation on a coordinated approach by the Union to strengthen the resilience of critical infrastructure” (Proposal). The document highlights the importance of strengthening the EU’s capacity to confront potential physical attacks or cyberattacks against critical infrastructure and of ensuring an EU-level coordination, including by improving cybersecurity preparedness in the context of digital infrastructur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-10", "title": "EDPB statement on privacy and data protection in the design of the digital euro", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2022-10/edpb_statement_20221010_digital_euro_en.pdf", "description": "On 10 October 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a document titled “Statement on the design choices for a digital euro from the privacy and data protection perspective (04/2022)”. The Statement emphasises the importance of applying high standards of privacy and data protection in the design of the future digital euro. The EDPB recommends that the technical design of the digital euro should be based on a documented impact assessment of all possible risks taking into acco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-11", "title": "EDPS Opinion on proposed European Media Freedom Act", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/2022-11-11-opinion-on-european-media-freedom-act_en.pdf", "description": "On 11 November 2022, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued Opinion 24/2022 regarding the European Media Freedom Act Proposal (Opinion) in response to a consultation by the European Commission of 16 September 2022. The Opinion sets out several recommendations for EU lawmakers, notably to clarify that the Act does not affect the EU legislation on personal data protection and privacy, in particular the GDPR, the ePrivacy Directive and the Law Enforcement Directive. In addition, i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-15", "title": "European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-declaration-digital-rights-and-principles", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Commission, Parliament and the Council of the European Union signed the European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles. The Declaration promotes a set of principles and values to guide the European path within the digital transformation. In particular, it contains references to the importance of digital education, freedom of choice concerning interactions with algorithms and artificial intelligence, and digital safety and security. The principles are intended a...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-20", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Google compliance with the Right to be Forgotten under GDPR", "url": "https://bit.ly/3Xz3POA", "description": "On 20 July 2022, the Austrian data protection authority, Datenschutzbehörde (DSB) published the Federal Administrative Court's (BVwG) judgment in Case No. W274 2217713-1/6F of 20 July 2022, in which the BVwG largely upheld the DSB decision after a request to be forgotten under Art. 17 of the GDPR. The complainant had asked Google LLC to delete search entries in 2018, and Google refused. The complainant asked for 67 URLs to be removed, and the DSB upheld the complaint for 10 URLs, which were o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-30", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Republic of Korea and European Union Digital Partnership", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3607", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the European Union and the Republic of Korea held the first meeting of the Digital Partnership Council under the Korea-EU Digital Partnership. During the meeting, the parties committed to enhancing information sharing on cybersecurity threats and announced their intention to expand information sharing on cybersecurity policy and explore other ways to cooperate. The parties also declared they will continue implementing the principles of the Declaration for the Future of the In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection measures in Directive on consumer credits", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202302225", "description": "On 20 November 2026, the Consumer Credit Directive, including data protection measures, was implemented. The Directive outlines the data that covered entities, including creditors, credit intermediaries and providers of crowdfunding credit services, are allowed to process in the creditworthiness assessment process. In particular, the covered entities are able to process only personal data related to the individual's financial and economic situation, such as financial, income, repayment, finan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-04", "title": "Initiatives on AI and emerging technologies US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_1828", "description": "On 5 April 2024, the United States and the European Union, following the sixth ministerial meeting of the TTC (Transatlantic Technology and Trade Council), issued a joint statement including a commitment to a risk-based approach to artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure its safe, secure, and trustworthy development. The parties emphasised their bilateral and joint participation in international organisations such as G7, OECD, and UN processes. The parties endorsed the Hiroshima Process Intern...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-12", "title": "EU Agency for Fundamental Rights Report on Artificial Intelligence and Discrimination", "url": "https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2022-bias-in-algorithms_en.pdf", "description": "On 8 December 2022, the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights published a report titled “Bias in algorithms - Artificial Intelligence and discrimination”. The report addresses the practical effects of AI-based algorithms on people and reviews the use of AI in predictive policing and offensive speech detection. The report sets out recommendations for implementing more comprehensive and thorough assessments of algorithms in order to combat bias.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-14", "title": "EU-Malaysia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11732-2022-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the EU and Malaysia signed a \"Framework Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation\" aiming to strengthen the political dialogue between the parties on issues of mutual interest in a wide number of policy areas, including personal data protection. The parties agreed to exchange views and share knowledge in order to promote a high level of protection of personal data based on applicable international standards such as those of the EU and the Council of Europe. The Agreement w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-14", "title": "EU-Thailand Partnership and Cooperation Agreement including cross-border data transfer", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11910-2022-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the European Union (EU) and Thailand signed a \"Framework Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation\" aiming to strengthen the political dialogue between the parties on issues of mutual interest in a wide number of policy areas, including cross-border transfer of personal data. The parties seek to cooperate towards facilitating the flow of personal data in order to further develop trade exchanges. The Agreement will enter into force once it has been ratified by the EU Member...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-02", "title": "EU-Singapore Digital Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/media_releases/mti/press_release/P-20230201-1", "description": "On 1 February 2023, the EU and Singapore formally signed the EU-Singapore Digital Partnership (EUSDP) following the announcement of conclusion of negotiations on 14 December 2022. The EUSDP is a framework for all areas of digital cooperation, including trade facilitation, trusted data flows and data innovation, e-commerce, and merging technologies such as artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "EU Regulation on machinery products", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/05/22/new-rules-for-machinery-council-gives-its-final-approval/", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the Council of the European Union adopted the Regulation on machinery products. The Regulation revises the existing Machinery Directive to address safety issues posed by new technologies and introduces new requirements for autonomous machines, human-machine collaboration and digital technologies, including AI. In particular, the high-risk machinery products listed in the Regulation will be subject to a specific conformity assessment procedure completed by a third party before...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-31", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Meta's service Facebook over data processing operations", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/data-protection-commission-announces-conclusion-two-inquiries-meta-ireland", "description": "On 31 December 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) adopted its ruling in the investigation conducted into Meta Platforms Ireland Limited concerning its service Facebook, a user-generated content platform, for its data processing activities. The DPC fined Facebook EUR 210 million for the identified data protection violations. In its ruling, the DPC directed Meta to change its policies to comply with the transparency data processing obligations within three months. In its investiga...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-01", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into WhatsApp's delivery of services compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-01/instagram_inquiry-18-5-7_final_decision_en.pdf", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Data Protection Commission Ireland (DPC) adopted its final decision in the investigation into WhatsApp's delivery of services compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), issuing a EUR 5.5 million fine. The DPC ordered WhatsApp to change its data processing operations to comply with the GDPR in a maximum of six months. The DPC opened an investigation after receiving a complaint from a German data subject on 25 May 2018. The complaint stated that when ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-18", "title": "European Data Protection Board Cookie Banner Report", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-01/edpb_20230118_report_cookie_banner_taskforce_en.pdf", "description": "On 18 January 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Cookie Banner Taskforce Report, focusing on the handling of \"cookies banner\" complaints received from NOYB. After reaffirming the applicable legal framework, the report focuses on some harmful practices common among cookie banners, such as the lack of a button to reject all cookies in the first layer of the banner, the presence of pre-ticked boxes, the option to refuse cookies only through external links, and the presen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-27", "title": "EU-US Agreement on Artificial Intelligence Collaboration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/01/27/statement-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-the-new-u-s-eu-artificial-intelligence-collaboration/", "description": "On 27 January 2023, the European Union and the United States signed an administrative arrangement on mutual collaboration in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, the arrangement aims to promote advancements in AI to improve five key areas: (i) extreme weather and climate forecasting; (ii) emergency response; (iii) healthcare; (iv) electric grid; and (v) agriculture.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "Artificial intelligence regulation in EU-India Trade and Technology Council", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_643", "description": "On 28 February 2025, the European Union (EU) and India adopted a joint statement following the Trade and Technology Council (TTC) second meeting. On artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, the EU and India reiterated their commitment to safe, secure, trustworthy, human-centric, sustainable, and responsible AI. Both sides agreed to deepen cooperation between the European AI Office and India AI Mission to foster innovation and information exchange on common open research questions for developi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in EU-India Trade and Technology Council", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_643", "description": "On 28 February 2025, the European Union (EU) and India adopted a joint statement following the Trade and Technology Council (TTC) second meeting, emphasised the importance of promoting global connectivity within a cyber-secure digital ecosystem. Both sides committed to strengthening the resilience of semiconductor supply chains and enhancing technological capabilities through sustainable, secure, and diversified semiconductor production capacities. They also agreed to collaborate on the imple...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-14", "title": "Council of the EU decision authorising Member States to ratify the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention)", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/02/14/access-to-e-evidence-council-authorises-member-states-to-ratify-international-agreement/", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the Council of the EU adopted a decision authorising Member States to ratify the Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention). The Protocol foresees enhanced cooperation between parties on cybercrime and electronic evidence and will allow competent authorities in a ratifying state to request the information needed to identify the owner of domain names registered in the territory of another party state for the purposes of a criminal inve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-07", "title": "Implementing regulation on detailed arrangements for the conduct of certain proceedings by the Commission pursuant to Digital Services Act", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2023.159.01.0051.01.ENG", "description": "On 12 July 2023, the implementing regulation on detailed arrangements for the conduct of certain proceedings by the Commission pursuant to the Digital Services Act enters into force. The implementing regulation outlines the procedures the European Commission will follow in its investigations into providers of very large online platforms or of very large online search engines. In particular, the regulation implements the articles regarding the Commission's power to conduct inspections, adopt ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-07", "title": "Data Protection Requirements in EU-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3715", "description": "On 9 July 2023, the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union (EU) and New Zealand was signed. The Agreement aims to facilitate digital trade between the parties. In particular, the Agreement recognises that the protection of personal data and privacy is a fundamental right and states that the parties can adopt and maintain the data protection regulations considered appropriate by the jurisdiction, including applying privacy requirements for the cross-border transfer of personal data. F...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-16", "title": "EDPS Opinion on Proposal for a Regulation on data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2022-12/2022-12-16-opinion-on-data-collection-and-sharing-related-to-short-term-accomadation-rental-services_en.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2022, the Summary Opinion of the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) on the \"Proposal for a Regulation on data collection and sharing relating to short-term accommodation rental services” was issued. The Regulation in question aims to increase transparency in the short-term accommodation rental market by requiring platforms to share data on their rentals every month with local authorities. Notably, the EDPS recommends that the Regulation specify the categories of persona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Online content moderation in Communication Platforms Act", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20011415", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the Austrian Communication Platforms Act entered into force. The Act requires online social media platforms with more than 100’000 users and annual revenue of at least EUR 500’000 to establish an effective and transparent procedure for handling complaints of allegedly illegal content available on the platform.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-18", "title": "European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2186", "description": "On 18 April 2023, the European Centre for Algorithmic Transparency (ECAT) is established. The ECAT was created in compliance with the Digital Services Act (DSA), which imposes risk management requirements for companies designated by the European Commission as “very large online platforms” and “very large online search engines”. In particular, the ECAT will provide the Commission with technical and scientific expertise to ensure that algorithmic systems used by very large online platforms and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-17", "title": "European Data Protection Board Annual Report 2022", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-04/edpb_annual_report_2022_en.pdf", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published its Annual Report 2022. The Report outlines the work done by the EDPB in 2022 and contains a list of the EDPB’s binding decisions, consistency opinions, joint opinions, legislative consultations, guidelines, and supervisory activities. Finally, the Report includes administrative issues such as the EDPB budget, IT communications tools, and activities related to access to documents, among others.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "EDPB Report of the work undertaken by the supervisory authorities within the 101 Task Force", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2023/edpb-promotes-consistent-approach-101-noyb-data-transfers-complaints_en", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the “Report of the work undertaken by the supervisory authorities within the 101 Task Force”. The 101 Task Force was created to promote cooperation and effective exchange of information between the European Supervisory Authorities concerning the “101 complaints” received from the European Center for Digital Rights (NOYB) regarding the implementation of the tools “Google Analytics” and “Facebook Business Tools” on a website ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-25", "title": "European Commission decision designating Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_2413", "description": "On 25 August 2023, the prescribed responsibilities outlined for the 17 Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and 2 Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) under the Digital Services Act (DSA) entered into force. The platforms and search engines are specifically bound to execute systemic risk evaluations aimed at monitoring the propagation of illicit content, determining the adverse implications on fundamental rights, and appraising their effects on democratic processes, public security, gende...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Delegated regulation on data access under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202502050", "description": "On 29 October 2025, the European Commission Delegated Regulation on data access under the Digital Services Act enters into force. The regulation outlines technical requirements and procedures for data sharing by Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs) under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The regulation establishes the DSA data access portal to enable vetted researchers and Digital Services Coordinators to securely access platform data, supporting inv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:22020A1231(01)&from=EN ", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the Free Trade Agreement between the UK and the EU entered into force. In the Agreement, the UK and the EU commit to not restrict cross-border data flows by (a) requiring the use of computing facilities in a certain territory; (b) requiring data localisation; (c) prohibiting the storage or processing in the territory of the other Party; or (d) making the cross-border transfer of data contingent upon the localisation of computing facilities, network elements or data in a par...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-09", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor investigation into Single Resolution Board's data sharing practices (Case T-557/20)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=276483&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=16673054", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled on the appeal brought by the European Data Protection Supervisor concerning the Single Resolution Board’s data-sharing practices with Deloitte. The case centred on whether comments from shareholders and creditors, pseudonymised by the SRB before transfer, qualified as personal data under Regulation (EU) 2018/1725. The Court held that the General Court had erred in law. It confirmed that personal opinions are intrinsically l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-13", "title": "Ireland’s Data Protection Commission investigation into Meta over personal data transfers for its Facebook service", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:62023TN0325", "description": "On 13 June 2023, Meta Platforms Ireland (Meta) filed an annulment action regarding the European Data Protection Board’s (EDPB) binding decision of 13 April 2023 concerning personal data transfers to the United States by Facebook. In particular, Meta claims the EDPB’s decision breaches the rule of law and fundamental rights and presented nine pleas in law in support of its request. Notably, Meta alleges that the EDPB exceeded its competence under Article 65 GDPR and infringed the right to good...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in EU-Korea cooperation agreement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_2863", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the European Union (EU) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the establishment of a cooperation agreement, including cybersecurity regulation, following the 10th Summit between the parties. Under the cooperation agreement, the parties aim to develop policies and mechanisms to prevent, detect, and respond to cyber threats, such as ransomware and cyber attacks. Furthermore, the parties stated that they would restart the Cyber Policy Consultation. Finally, the parties aim to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-31", "title": "Standardisation of critical and emerging technologies in US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC)", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2023/05/us-eu-joint-statement-trade-and-technology-council", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the United States and the European Union, following the fourth ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC), announced an initiative to standardise work on critical and emerging technologies. The parties agreed to set technical standards for critical and emerging technologies and facilitate the development of international standards for additive manufacturing, which involves the digital design of three-dimensional products. Further, the parties agreed to incre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-31", "title": "Content moderation policies in US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC)", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2023/05/us-eu-joint-statement-trade-and-technology-council", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the United States and the European Union, following the fourth ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC), reaffirmed their commitment to enhance collaboration on content moderation policies. In particular, the parties published the \"principles on the protection and empowerment of children and youth and facilitation of data access from online platforms for independent research\" that both support in order to ensure the transparency and accountability of onlin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "title": "ENISA reports on AI cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/is-secure-and-trusted-ai-possible-the-eu-leads-the-way", "description": "On June 6, 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) released four reports addressing key challenges in artificial intelligence (AI). These reports cover cybersecurity practices for AI, privacy concerns in specific use cases, and research needs. They emphasise the importance of robust cybersecurity measures, the balance between security and privacy, and further research to ensure secure and trustworthy AI implementation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Digital Services Act transparency database", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_23_4643", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the obligation for providers of intermediary services to submit data in the Digital Services Act (DSA) transparency database, enters into force. The transparency database offers users the ability to access summary statistics, conduct specific searches for statements of reasons, and download datasets. Under DSA, providers of hosting services are required to provide clear and specific information to users regarding restrictions imposed on content that was classified as il...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "Semiconductors measures in Korea and European Union Digital Partnership", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-republic-korea-digital-partnership-joint-eurepublic-korea-chips-projects-announced", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the European Union (EU) and the Republic of Korea announced four jointly funded semiconductor/chips projects under their Digital Partnership, with a total investment of EUR 12 million, equally shared. In particular, these projects aim to advance heterogeneous integration technologies and neuromorphic computing, combining multiple components on one chip and mimicking human brain functions. The selected projects, ENERGIZE, NEHIL, HAETAE, and ViTFOX, focus on developing energy-e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-18", "title": "Commission Guidelines on the application of Article of Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS 2 Directive)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.C_.2023.328.01.0002.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AC%3A2023%3A328%3ATOC", "description": "On 18 September 2023, the Commission issued guidelines concerning the application of Article 4(1) and (2) of the Directive on measures to achieve a high common level of cybersecurity throughout the European Union (NIS 2 Directive). These guidelines provide clarification on the implementation of these provisions, particularly regarding the relationship between the NIS 2 Directive and existing or future sector-specific Union legal measures addressing cybersecurity risk management and incident r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "Security Requirements for ICT Product Certification", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13382-Cybersecurity-security-requirements-for-ICT-product-certification_en", "description": "On 31 October 2023, the European Commission closed the public consultation on Security Requirements for ICT Product Certification. The voluntary certification is designed to establish a set of security requirements applicable to ICT security products, including firewalls, encryption devices and electronic signature devices. It also covers ICT products with inherent security functionalities, such as routers, smartphones, and bank cards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-10", "title": "European Economic Security Strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4735", "description": "On 3 October 2023, the European Commission issued a recommendation on critical technology areas in line with the European Economic Security Strategy. The recommendation specifically addresses technology risk and leakage, presenting a list of ten critical technology areas. Among these, advanced semiconductors, artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, and biotechnologies are identified as having the highest potential risks. The recommendation outlines guiding principles for collective ris...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-08", "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok Lite's compliance with DSA requirements", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4161", "description": "On 5 August 2024, the European Commission accepted TikTok's commitments in its formal investigation regarding TikTok Lite Rewards under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The investigation was started over concerns regarding the launch of the TikTok Lite Rewards programme as potentially containing addictive elements without proper prior risk assessment. TikTok committed to permanently withdrawing the TikTok Lite Rewards programme from the EU, with a further commitment not to launch further progr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-18", "title": "European Commission recommendation on coordinating responses to incidents arising from dissemination of illegal content", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_5122", "description": "On 18 October 2023, the European Commission announced the approval of a Council Recommendation addressed to EU Member States encouraging them to collaborate in addressing the spread of illegal content, such as terrorist content and hate speech, on online platforms. The Recommendation puts forward suggestions intended to encourage a coordinated response by Member States prior to the deadline of 17 February 2024 set by the Digital Services Act (DSA) to designate Digital Services Coordinators fo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-23", "title": "EDPS opinion on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2023-10/2023-0137_d3269_opinion_en.pdf", "description": "On 23 October 2023, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) published its opinion on the Council and Parliament's positions on the proposed Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). The opinion focuses on legal, technical and institutional aspects related to the future roles and tasks of the EDPS under the AI Act. Namely, EDPS emphasises the importance of \"red lines\" regarding prohibited AI systems and high-risk AI systems and notes that the exceptions proposed by the Council and Parliamen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-19", "title": "DSB investigation into Google regarding Google Fonts' compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.dsb.gv.at/download-links/bekanntmachungen.html", "description": "On 19 October 2023, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) issued a decision in the investigation into Google LLC regarding Google Fonts's compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DSB stated that companies had received a lawyer's letter regarding claims for damages due to the integration of Google Fonts into their websites, and the DSB decided to investigate the processing of personal data associated with Google Fonts. The DSB determined that data is transmitte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-30", "title": "G7 International Code of Conduct for Advanced AI Systems", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/hiroshima-process-international-code-conduct-advanced-ai-systems", "description": "Official source record dated 2023-10-30 for Austria concerning G7 International Code of Conduct for Advanced AI Systems. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-18", "title": "European Commission investigation into AliExpress' compliance with DSA requirements regarding risk assessment and consumer protection measures", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1551", "description": "On 18 June 2025, the European Commission issued preliminary findings regarding AliExpress's compliance with its obligations as a Very Large Online Platform (VLOP) under the Digital Services Act (DSA) and accepted AliExpress’s commitments addressing several concerns. The commitments cover the platform’s monitoring and detection systems, its notice-and-action mechanism, internal complaint procedures, transparency in advertising and recommender systems, trader traceability, and data access for r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-16", "title": "European Commission investigation into Meta's compliance with requirements regarding protection of minors under the DSA", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_2664", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the European Commission announced the opening of a formal investigation into Meta regarding its compliance with the Digital Service Act (DSA), specifically focusing on the protection of minors. The Commission's investigation will focus on the potential behavioural addiction triggers in children resulting from the systems of both Facebook and Instagram, including their algorithms and the possible creation of addictive behaviour. Furthermore, the Commission will investigate Meta...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-12", "title": "Targeted Amendment to the Cybersecurity Act (CSA)", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/02/cybersecurity-package-council-adopts-new-laws-to-strengthen-cybersecurity-capacities-in-the-eu/", "description": "On 2 December 2024, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted amendments to the Cybersecurity Act (EU) 2019/881 as regards managed security services. The intended amendments would facilitate the introduction of European cybersecurity certification schemes specifically for managed security services. The amendment would be an extension to the existing coverage of the Cybersecurity Act, which already includes certification for information and technology (ICT) products, ICT services, and ICT...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-28", "title": "EU Parliament inquiry into European music streaming market", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231127IPR15423/music-streaming-platforms-meps-ask-to-protect-eu-authors-and-diversity", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the European Parliament's Committee on Culture and Education (CULT) adopted a resolution calling for addressing imbalances in the music sector, noting that authors often receive low revenues due to outdated \"pre-digital royalty rates\" and payola schemes. The CULT resolution recommends that the Commission issue a proposal for a Bill that would require streaming platforms to make their algorithms and recommendation tools transparent, ensure visibility and accessibility of E...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-12", "title": "ICJ Judgement concerning administrative fines under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2023-12/cp230184en.pdf", "description": "On 5 December 2023, the European Court of Justices (CJEU) clarified the interpretation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) concerning the ability of national supervisory bodies to penalise an infringement of the GDPR based on two cases from Lithuania and Germany. The CJEU ruled that fines can only be imposed for wrongful conduct committed intentionally or negligently. Furthermore, the CJEU stated that a legal person acting as a data controller is liable for infringements by re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "Provisions related to artificial intelligence regulation in 24th EU-China Summit statement", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/07/24th-eu-china-summit-engaging-to-promote-our-values-and-defend-our-interests/", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the European Union (EU) and China issued a statement following the 24th EU-China Summit, which took place in Beijing. Notably, discussions included the joint responsibility of both parties to establish a transparent and competitive environment for the digital economy. This involved ensuring a level playing field for artificial intelligence(AI) that respects human rights and fundamental freedoms. During the summit, the EU underscored the shared goal of preventing the fragme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "European Commission investigation into Microsoft's investment into OpenAI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_24_85", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the European Commission announced that it was checking Microsoft's investment into OpenAI. The investigation examines whether the partnership has resulted in a relevant merger situation, and whether Microsoft's USD 13 billion investment into OpenAI may be reviewable under the EU Mergers Act.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "title": "EU-US Joint CyberSafe Products Action Plan", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/eu-us-joint-statement-cybersafe-products-action-plan", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the European Union and the United States (US) signed an Administrative Arrangement on a Joint CyberSafe Products Action Plan. The plan aims to advance technical cooperation to support the goal of achieving mutual recognition in the area of cybersecurity requirements for Internet-of-things (IoT) hardware and software consumer products. The agreement was signed by US Deputy National Security Advisor for Cyber and Emerging Technologies Anne Neuberger and Director General Robe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Regulation in Canada-EU Digital Partnership", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_614", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the European Union and Canada announced the start of the work on implementing the Digital Partnership, including artificial intelligence regulation. The parties stated that they will establish channels to exchange information on AI governance and international standards. Under the partnership, the parties aim to exchange regulatory approaches to address AI-related risks and enhance the collaboration on AI in international forums, such as G7, G20, OECD and the Global Partne...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "European Commission guidelines on the mitigation of systemic risks for electoral processes under Digital Service Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_1707", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the European Commission adopted the guidelines on the mitigation of systemic risks for electoral processes under the Digital Service Act (DSA). The guidelines recommend mitigation measures and best practices to be undertaken by very large online platforms (VLOPs) and very large online search engines (VLOSEs) before, during, and after electoral events. In particular, mitigation measures include reinforcing internal processes, implementing elections-specific risk mitigation me...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-30", "title": "Bill amending national legislation to implement Digital Services Act in Austria (DSA-BegG) designating competent authorities and digital services coordinator", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/eli/bgbl/I/2023/182", "description": "On 30 December 2023, the Act (DSA-Begleitgesetz–DSA-BegG) to implement the Digital Services Act (DSA) entered into force. The Act introduces several amendments to existing legislation to comply with the DSA, including amendments to the Electronic Commerce Law, the Civil Code and the Telecommunications Act. Further, the Act appoints the Austrian Communications Authority (KommAustria) as the national Digital Service Coordinator (DSC) and outlines its responsibilities.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications source on artificial intelligence governance (2024)", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000171.html", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-02-20 for Austria concerning Artificial Intelligence Regulation in 29th EU-Japan ICT Policy Dialogue. See the linked soumu.go.jp source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications source on AI governance (2024)", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000171.html", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-02-20 for Austria concerning Cybersecurity Regulation in 29th EU-Japan ICT Policy Dialogue. See the linked soumu.go.jp source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Monitoring requirements in Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "On 2 August 2027, the regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) comes into effect for \"high-risk AI systems\" referred to in Article 6(1) of the Act. The Act includes post-deployment performance monitoring requirements for \"high-risk\" AI systems. The Act requires providers of high-risk AI systems to establish and document a post-marketing monitoring system, through which it actively collects data on the performance of high-risk AI systems ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor investigation into the legality of the European Commission's use of Microsoft 365", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/investigations/2025-07-11-closure-enforcement-proceedings-commissions-use-microsoft-365_en", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) concluded its compliance review of the order concerning the European Commission's use of Microsoft 365. The EDPS identified three contractual, technical, and organisational changes that bring the Commission’s use of the service into compliance with data protection rules. First, the Commission clarified the specific categories of personal data processed through Microsoft 365 and the purposes of the processing. Second, it identifie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "European Commission investigation into 6 very large online platforms and 2 very large online search engines regarding implemented measures addressing generative AI risks under DSA", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_2681", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the European Commission issued a legally binding request for information to Microsoft regarding the generative artificial intelligence (AI) features of Bing, including \"Copilot in Bing\" and \"Image Creator by Designer\". The binding request was issued following an initial inquiry from 14 March 2024, where Microsoft was asked to address specific risks associated with its generative AI technologies. The Commission's request was issued over potential breaches of the Digital Servic...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-06", "title": "European Commission investigation into LinkedIn's targeted advertising practices compliance with Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_24_3172", "description": "On 7 June 2024, LinkedIn announced the discontinuation of its ad targeting functionality based on LinkedIn Group memberships within the EU Single Market. This decision was in response to the European Commission's investigation to determine compliance with the Digital Services Act (DSA), initiated by a civil society complaint. The complaint highlighted concerns that LinkedIn's feature might allow advertisers to target users based on sensitive personal data, potentially breaching DSA regulation...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-15", "title": "BEREC's Report on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Worlds", "url": "https://www.berec.europa.eu/en/news-publications/news-and-newsletters/artificial-intelligence-and-virtual-worlds-berec-adopts-a-high-level-position", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) issued its position on competition dynamics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Virtual Worlds (VW) within the electronic communications networks and services (ECN/ECS) sector. The inquiry assessed key issues related to competition dynamics, internet openness, environmental impact, sustainability, and cybersecurity. According to BEREC, AI technologies can significantly enhance innovation, efficiency, and s...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "European Ombudsman inquiry into European Commission's use of Artificial Intelligence in decision making", "url": "https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/news-document/en/183633", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the European Ombudsman initiated an inquiry into European Commission’s use of artificial intelligence (AI) in decision-making. The inquiry aims to address concerns related to the accuracy, potential bias, explainability, and human oversight of AI. Specifically, the inquiry focuses on the automation of tasks, decision-making concerning the use of AI, transparency of decision-making processes, and accountability. Furthermore, the European Ombudsman requested information on the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "EU-Brazil Digital Dialogue", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/13th-eu-brazil-digital-dialogue-reinforces-digital-cooperation", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the European Union (EU) and the Brazilian Government adopted a joint statement during the 13th Digital Dialogue in Brussels. The EU and Brazil reaffirmed their commitment to digital cooperation by addressing areas such as AI governance, online safety, digital connectivity and the data economy. Both sides endorsed a joint work plan for the next 2 years and underlined the importance of inclusive digital transformation, transparency and respect for fundamental rights in digi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-04", "title": "European Commission Recommendation on a Coordinated Implementation Roadmap for the transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/recommendation-coordinated-implementation-roadmap-transition-post-quantum-cryptography", "description": "On 11 April 2024, the European Commission adopted a recommendation on a coordinated implementation roadmap for the transition to post-quantum cryptography. The recommendation aims to ensure a coordinated and synchronised transition towards post-quantum cryptography across Member States to ensure cybersecurity across the Union's critical digital infrastructures and services. The recommendation outlines the creation of a “post-quantum cryptography coordinated implementation roadmap” to facilita...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-30", "title": "Digital Services Act whistleblower tool", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-whistleblower-tools-digital-services-act-and-digital-markets-act", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the European Commission announced the establishment of the Digital Services Act (DSA) Whistleblower Tool. The tool is designed to allow individuals possessing information about very large online platforms (VLOPs) and search engines (VLOSEs) to report practices that may harm the digital space anonymously. This initiative aims to ensure that platforms and search engines with over 45 million users in the EU comply with the DSA obligations, including measures related to illegal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-05", "title": "5th EU-Japan High Level Economic Dialogue", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_2425", "description": "On 2 May 2024, representatives of the European Commission and Japan's Minister for Foreign Affairs as well as its Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry held 5th EU-Japan High Level Economic Dialogue. The Dialogue contains a number of points, including welcoming the amendment of the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement to include the free flow of data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "ESMA statement on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the provision of retail investment services", "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-provides-guidance-firms-using-artificial-intelligence-investment-services", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) published its statement on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the provision of retail investment services. According to the ESMA, AI poses several possible risks, such as a lack of accountability and oversight, a lack of transparency and explainability, security and data privacy risks, or robustness and data quality risks. The ESMA states that management remains responsible for the company's decisions, regardless of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-06", "title": "DSB Statement on Data Protection in the AI Act", "url": "https://www.dsb.gv.at/download-links/bekanntmachungen.html#KI_privater_Bereich", "description": "On 1 June 2024, the Data Protection Authority (DSB) published a Statement on Data Protection in the AI Act. The DSB emphasises that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) remains applicable even after the Artificial Intelligence Act comes into effect. This applies to both the private and public sectors when personal data is processed using AI systems. In the private sector, companies must comply with GDPR when developing and using AI. They need a valid basis for processing personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-23", "title": "EDPB opinion 10/2024 on the draft decision of the competent supervisory authority of Sweden regarding the approval of the requirements for accreditation of a certification body pursuant to Article 43.3 (GDPR)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-06/edpb_opinion_202410_se-sa_accreditationrequirements_certificationbodies_en_0.pdf", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted its opinion 10/2024 on the draft decision of the competent supervisory authority of Sweden regarding the approval of the requirements for accreditation of a certification body pursuant to Article 43.3 (GDPR). The Swedish Supervisory Authority (SE SA) submitted its draft accreditation requirements for certification bodies under Article 43.1(b) GDPR to the EDPB, which will be performed by the Swedish National Accreditation Body (...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-22", "title": "High-Level Group public statement on Artificial Intelligence for the Digital Markets Act", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/high-level-group-digital-markets-act-public-statement-artificial-intelligence-2024-05-22_en", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the High-Level Group (HLG) for the Digital Markets Act (DMA) issued a public statement on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The HLG notes that AI also affects digital market fairness under the DMA, specifying that gatekeepers must adhere to DMA obligations when integrating AI, with compliance assessments considering AI's impact. The HLG emphasises the need for appropriate regulatory frameworks and coordinated enforcement and states that continued cross-regulatory exchanges are ne...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-06", "title": "ESAs and ENISA MoU to strengthen cooperation and information exchange", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/esas-and-enisa-sign-a-memorandum-of-understanding-to-strengthen-cooperation-and-information-exchange", "description": "On 5 June 2024, the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) announced the conclusion of a multilateral Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at enhancing cooperation and information exchange with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). This MoU formalises the ongoing discussions between the ESAs and ENISA to reinforce their already cooperation, driven by the Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity (NIS2 Directive) and the Digital Operational Resilience Ac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "European Commission investigation into Pornhub over minors protection and illegal content", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_722", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the European Commission issued preliminary findings that Pornhub breached the Digital Services Act (DSA) by failing to protect minors from exposure to pornographic content. The Commission found that Pornhub's risk assessment did not apply objective and thorough methodologies, disproportionately emphasising business-centric concerns over societal risks to minors. The Commission also found that self-declaration of age, page blurring, content warnings, and “restricted to adults...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-13", "title": "European Commission guidance on use of artificial intelligence in finance", "url": "https://finance.ec.europa.eu/regulation-and-supervision/consultations-0/targeted-consultation-artificial-intelligence-financial-sector_en", "description": "On 13 September 2024, the European Commission closes the public consultation on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the financial sector. The initiative aims to collect information on use cases, benefits, barriers, risks, and stakeholder needs related to AI in finance. The feedback will assist the Commission in providing sector-specific guidance for the implementation of the AI Act within the financial market areas. The consultation seeks to inform the Commission about the prac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-17", "title": "Council Regulation amending Regulation 2021/1173 as regards an EuroHPC initiative for start-ups to boost European leadership in trustworthy Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/06/17/council-adopts-regulation-on-use-of-supercomputing-in-ai-development/", "description": "On 17 June 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted an amendment to the regulation on the European High-Performance Computing (EuroHPC) joint undertaking, expanding its objectives to include the development and operation of AI factories. These entities will provide AI supercomputing service infrastructure, making the EU's supercomputing capacity more accessible to European start-ups and SMEs for AI model training and project development. The EuroHPC joint undertaking aims to promote an...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "European Commission investigation into Temu's compliance with Digital Service Act's requirements", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_25_1913/IP_25_1913_EN.pdf", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the European Commission (EC) preliminarily found that Temu breached its obligations under the Digital Services Act (DSA), particularly Article 34, by failing to properly assess and mitigate systemic risks linked to the dissemination of illegal products on its platform. The EC’s findings were based on evidence, including a mystery shopping exercise indicating a high likelihood of non-compliant products, including electronics, being accessible to consumers in the European Union...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-30", "title": "EDPS deliverables on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) risks project", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/support-pool-expert-projects/ai-risks-optical-character-recognition_en", "description": "In September 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued the AI risks project deliverables under its Support Pool of Experts programme, focusing on evaluating data protection risks pertaining to Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Named Entity Recognition (NER) technologies. OCR converts text from images or scanned documents into machine-readable formats, and NER identifies and categorises named entities such as names, organisations, and locations within texts. The project aime...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-07", "title": "European Commission decision designating adult content platform XNXX as Very Large Online Platform under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_3723", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the European Commission designated XNXX, an adult content platform with over 45 million monthly users in the European Union, as a Very Large Online Platform (VLOP) under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The designation, based on the user numbers reported by XNXX, subjects the platform to the DSA's additional obligations. By mid-November 2024, XNXX is required to implement measures for user empowerment and protection, including age-verification tools to prevent minors from acce...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-11", "title": "EDPB Statement 3/2024 on data protection authorities' role in the Artificial Intelligence Act framework", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/letters/edpb-reply-letter-ai-office-edpb-statement-role-data_en", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) responded to a letter regarding its statement on the role of data protection authorities (DPAs) in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act Framework. The response emphasised the need for collaboration with the AI Office and AI Board to ensure a coordinated approach to AI governance, particularly for high-risk AI systems. The EDPB highlighted that it is working on guidelines on the interplay between the GDPR and the AI Act and preparin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Quality of Service requirement in European Commission's General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-general-purpose-ai-code-practice", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-01-08 for Austria concerning Quality of Service requirement in European Commission's General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Code of Practice. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-31", "title": "Austrian Data Protection Authority investigation into Worldcoin", "url": "https://www.dsb.gv.at/download-links/bekanntmachungen.html#Info_Worldcoin", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Austrian Data Protection issued a statement announcing that Tools for Humanity Corporation will enter the Austrian market with its Worldcoin project. The Authority highlighted that participation in the project is voluntary and that it would monitor operations to ensure compliance with the GDPR.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-10", "title": "European Commission review of EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/25695177-8073-4ce3-bf81-eb816dc6b468_en?filename=Report%20on%20the%20first%20periodic%20review%20of%20the%20functioning%20of%20the%20adequacy%20decision%20on%20the%20EU-US%20Data%20Privacy%20Framework.pdf", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the European Commission released a report following its first review of the adequacy decision for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework, which governs the transfer of personal data from the European Union (EU) to organisations in the United States (US). The report finds that US authorities have implemented the necessary components of the framework, including safeguards to ensure that access to personal data by US intelligence agencies is limited to what is necessary and proporti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-27", "title": "Lawsuit on automated decision-making including profiling regarding the assessment of the creditworthiness of a natural person (CK v Dun & Bradstreet Austria, Case C-203/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-02/cp250022en.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-02-27 for Austria concerning Lawsuit on automated decision-making including profiling regarding the assessment of the creditworthiness of a natural person (CK v Dun & Bradstreet Austria, Case C-203/22). See the linked curia.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-16", "title": "High-Level Review of EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) progress", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-and-us-high-level-officials-meet-take-stock-ongoing-cooperation-under-eu-us-trade-and-technology", "description": "On 16 September 2024, high-level officials from the European Union and the United States met to review the progress of the EU-US Trade and Technology Council (TTC) since their last meeting in April 2024. The meeting was co-chaired by Sabine Weyand and Roberto Viola for the EU, and Jose Fernandez, Marisa Lago, and Cara Morrow for the US. In particular, the discussions focused on ongoing collaboration in areas like artificial intelligence, secure digital infrastructure, and next-generation netw...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "European Commission investigation into Snapchat regarding compliance with Digital Service Act requirement for transparency of recommender systems", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_5005", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the European Commission issued a request for information to Snapchat concerning compliance with the Digital Services Act's (DSA) obligations regarding recommender systems. Snapchat is required to provide detailed information on the parameters their algorithm uses to recommend content to users and how these systems contribute to amplifying certain systemic risks. These risks include those related to the electoral process and civic discourse, and users' mental well-being, suc...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "Council Declaration on Combating Antisemitism", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/10/15/fostering-jewish-life-and-combating-antisemitism-council-approves-declaration/", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted a declaration aimed at combating antisemitism across the European Union. The declaration calls on Member states to adopt national strategies to combat antisemitism and the appointment of special envoys or coordinators for this cause. The Council declaration notes the spread of antisemitic hate speech, including Holocaust denial and distortion, is increasingly prevalent online, often without repercussions. The declaration notes that...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-24", "title": "European Commission Harmonised Standards for the European AI Act", "url": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC139430", "description": "On 24 October 2024, the European Commission issued a formal standardisation request to the European standardisation organisations, CEN and CENELEC, to draft harmonised standards for the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act. Adopted in August 2024, the AI Act sets out requirements for high-risk AI systems, ensuring they respect safety, health, and fundamental rights. Following a transition period of two to three years, beginning in August 2026, high-risk AI systems will be re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Commission Guidelines on Application of the Definition of an AI System and the Prohibited AI Practices Established in AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-prohibited-artificial-intelligence-ai-practices-defined-ai-act", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the European Commission published guidelines outlining prohibited artificial intelligence (AI) practices under the EU’s AI Act. These guidelines clarify restrictions under Article 5, which bans AI systems posing unacceptable risks to fundamental rights and EU values. Prohibited practices include manipulative AI exploiting vulnerabilities, social scoring mechanisms, and real-time remote biometric identification in public spaces, all of which conflict with principles outline...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-12", "title": "Approval of Brand Compliance as European Data Protection Seal", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-clarifies-rules-data-sharing-third-country-authorities-and-approves-eu-data_en#", "description": "On 3 December 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EPDB) adopted an opinion to approve the Brand Compliance certification criteria as a a European Data Protection Seal. The decision builds on a September 2023 opinion, where the EDPB approved the Brand Compliance certification criteria for national use in the Netherlands. With this new opinion, these criteria are extended for application across the EU, ensuring consistent standards and enabling organisations to achieve certification under...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "title": "EU Council conclusions on ENISA", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16527-2024-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "On 6 December 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted its conclusions on the role and priorities of the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), highlighting its pivotal role in bolstering cybersecurity resilience across the EU. The Council emphasized the need to strengthen ENISA's advisory and operational functions, particularly in supporting Member States and EU institutions. It also called for improved efficiency in developing and implementing cybersecurity policies, includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-12", "title": "EU-Smart Africa cooperation on digital transformation", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-and-africa-strengthen-cooperation-digital-transformation", "description": "On 3 December 2024, the European Union and Smart Africa, consisting of 40 African countries adopted a declaration to enhance cooperation for a human-centric digital transformation of Africa. The declaration focuses on fostering collaboration in secure connectivity, digital services, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence. It also emphasises strengthening digital capacity through skill development and technical expertise for African Union Member States. It also aims to promote joint initia...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-17", "title": "EDPB opinion on certain data protection aspects relating to processing of personal data in the context of AI models", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-12/edpb_opinion_202428_ai-models_en.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted an opinion on the use of personal data for the development and deployment of AI models. The opinion covered when and how AI models can be considered anonymous, when and how legitimate interest can be used as a legal basis for developing or using AI models, scenarios where an AI model is developed using personal data that was processed unlawfully, and the use of first versus third-party data. The guidance supports a case-by...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "EU-Japan Strategic Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/opin/2024/3092/oj/eng", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the EU and Japan Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA), a bilateral framework to support political and economic cooperation between the two jurisdictions, came into force. The SPA will enhance security cooperation, collaboration in responses to terrorism and other serious international crimes, and actions taken to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It focuses on cybersecurity, other information and communication technologies, space, industrial policy,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "European Commission guidelines defining Artificial Intelligence systems", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-ai-system-definition-facilitate-first-ai-acts-rules-application", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the European Commission adopted guidelines defining Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The guidelines specify that an AI system is machine-based and operates with varying levels of autonomy and the system may learn and change after deployment. It infers how to generate outputs such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions. The guidelines describe techniques including unsupervised, self-supervised, reinforcement, and deep learning, as well as logic- and kno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "European Data Protection Board statement on age assurance", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2025/edpb-adopts-statement-age-assurance-creates-task-force-ai-enforcement-and-gives_en", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted a comprehensive statement on age assurance, aiming to establish a cohesive supranational approach within the European Union. Through this initiative, the EDPB outlines ten guiding principles for age verification processes that prioritise data protection and the safeguarding of minors' rights. These guidelines are relevant for service providers operating across diverse sectors and aim to emphasise compliance with General Da...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Voluntary Code of Practice on Disinformation integrated into Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_505", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the obligations under the Voluntary Code of Practice on Disinformation integrated into the Digital Services Act (DSA) framework enter into force. The compliance with the Code is subject to annual audits, aligned with DSA enforcement measures to ensure accountability and risk mitigation. The signatories of the Code, including Google, Meta, Microsoft, and TikTok, which are classified as Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines (VLOPs and VLOSEs) under the DSA, are require...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "Elections Toolkit for Digital Services Coordinators under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/dsa-elections-toolkit-digital-services-coordinators", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the European Commission (EC) and the European Board for Digital Services published an election toolkit to support compliance with the Digital Services Act (DSA) election guidelines, providing Digital Services Coordinators (DSCs) with practical approaches to safeguard electoral integrity within the European Union. The toolkit outlines methods to mitigate risks in electoral processes, particularly in relation to Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Sear...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "European Union Model Contractual Clauses to support high-risk Artificial Intelligence Procurement", "url": "https://public-buyers-community.ec.europa.eu/communities/procurement-ai/resources/updated-eu-ai-model-contractual-clauses", "description": "On 5 March 2025, the European Commission published the Model Contractual Clauses for the Procurement of High-Risk Artificial Intelligence (MCC-AI-High-Risk) aligned with the AI Act. This follows an initial proposal for MCC-AI published in September 2023 and reflects the final adoption of the EU AI Act on 13 June 2024. These clauses provide a structured legal framework for public authorities when procuring AI, ensuring that suppliers meet their legal obligations. The MCCs set out supplier obli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Commission implementing decision on extension on adequacy decision for United Kingdom", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/a7907f8f-6e1c-4782-a193-d16b2cfe7650_en?filename=JUST_template_comingsoon_standard_26.pdf", "description": "On 27 December 2031, the European Commission's implementing decision amending implementing decision (EU) 2021/1772 to confirm the United Kingdom's continued adequacy status for personal data protection ends. The decision applied to all controllers and processors in the European Union transferring personal data to controllers or processors in the United Kingdom. The Commission found that the United Kingdom's General Data Protection Regulation and Data Protection Act 2018, as amended by the Dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Transparency obligations in European Commission's General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-opinion-assessment-general-purpose-ai-code-practice", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-01-08 for Austria concerning Transparency obligations in European Commission's General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence Code of Practice. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-03", "title": "European Commission and Personal Data Protection Commission of Singapore joint statement on data protection cooperation", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/news-and-events/press-room/2025/03/joint-press-statement-by-european-commissioner-for-democracy-justice-the-rule-of-law-and-consumer-protection-and-acting-commissioner-of-singapores-personal-data-protection-commission", "description": "On 3 March 2025, the European Commission and Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Commission issued a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to strengthening cooperation on data protection and cross-border data flows. The statement acknowledges ongoing cooperation efforts, including the development of the ASEAN Model Contractual Clauses and the EU Standard Contractual Clauses Guide. The statement highlights deepening collaboration through knowledge-sharing, best practices, and the devel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "European Commission Digital Europe Programme", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_907", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the European Commission adopted the work plan for the Digital Europe Programme (DIGITAL) for 2025-2027, allocating EUR 1.3 billion. The initiative aims to support the development and testing of critical technologies that strengthen Europe's technological sovereignty and digital transformation. Priorities include expanding the use of generative AI in sectors such as healthcare, advancing cloud infrastructure, developing data spaces, and enhancing cyber resilience. Support is ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-21", "title": "European Data Protection Supervisor opinion on Digital Trade Agreement between European Union and Singapore", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2025-03/25_03_21_opinion_digital_trade_agreement_eu_singapore_en.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued an opinion on the European Union (EU)-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement, highlighting concerns over changes to the EU’s horizontal provisions on cross-border data flows and personal data protection. The EDPS noted that these modifications could create legal uncertainty and undermine the EU’s ability to enforce its data protection framework. It was emphasised that personal data protection is a fundamental right that should...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "European Artificial Intelligence Office living repository to foster learning and exchange on Artificial Intelligence literacy", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/living-repository-foster-learning-and-exchange-ai-literacy", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the European Artificial Intelligence (AI) Office launched the living repository of AI literacy practices to support the implementation of Article 4 of the European Union's AI Act. The Article requires providers and deployers of AI systems to ensure an adequate level of AI literacy among staff and system users. The repository features examples from AI Pact organisations, categorised by implementation status, including fully implemented, partially rolled out, or planned, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "Apply AI Strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2299", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the European Commission adopted the Apply AI Strategy, a framework designed to drive the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) across strategic and public sectors such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, energy, mobility, and manufacturing, while also supporting small and medium-sized enterprises. The strategy aims to harness AI's transformative potential, unlock societal benefits such as improved healthcare diagnostics, and enhance public service efficiency. The strategy’s ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "Cloud and Artificial Intelligence Development Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/have-your-say-future-cloud-and-ai-policies-eu", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Commission closes a public consultation to support the development of the Cloud and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Development Act. The consultation seeks feedback from cloud and edge service providers, AI developers, public authorities, business users, and civil society. The consultation seeks to gather views on the EU’s capacity to manage rising data volumes and demand for compute resources driven by AI. It also seeks input on the public sector’s use of cloud serv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "Data governance in Cloud and AI Development Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/have-your-say-future-cloud-and-ai-policies-eu", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Commission closes its public consultation on the proposed Cloud and AI Development Act. The Act aims to create the conditions for the EU to incentivise large investments in cloud and edge capacity. It addresses obstacles to building data centres, with a view to at least tripling the EU's data centre capacity within the next five to seven years and bringing it to a level that meets the needs of EU businesses and public administrations by 2035. The Act aims to ensur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Regulation on Revision of Cybersecurity Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14578-The-EU-Cybersecurity-Act_en", "description": "On 20 June 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on potential revisions to the Cybersecurity Act. The review, part of the Commission's effort to enhance the EU’s cyber resilience proposes to clarify the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) mandate, improve the European cybersecurity certification framework (ECCF), and simplify reporting obligations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "EU-Japan declaration on data protection and data flows", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news/joint-press-statement-michael-mcgrath-and-ohshima-shuhei-commissioner-personal-information-2025-04-09_en", "description": "On 9 April 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) of Japan and the European Commission formally adopted a declaration on data protection and data flows, reaffirming their ongoing strategic partnership. The declaration, grounded in the 2019 mutual adequacy arrangement, underscores a commitment to enhancing safe data flows, particularly extending the arrangement to include academia, research, and public sectors. This initiative aims to foster responsible data exchange, lever...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "title": "European Commission guidelines on general-purpose AI models under the AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidelines-scope-obligations-providers-general-purpose-ai-models-under-ai-act", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the European Commission published the Guidelines on the scope of the obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models under Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), ahead of the entry into application of Chapter V of the AI Act on 2 August 2025 (C(2025) 5045 final). These guidelines clarify the obligations applicable to providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models, including those with systemic risk, and aim to assist actors in determining whether a model qualifies as a GPA...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-25", "title": "European Commission's inquiry into implementation of Digital Markets Act", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8ed232e8-a674-4434-a13e-8712ea42b0f5_en?filename=DMA_annual_report_2024.pdf", "description": "On 25 April 2025, the European Commission released its second annual report on the implementation of the Digital Markets Act (DMA), detailing activities undertaken in 2024. The report highlighted the designation of Booking as a gatekeeper for its website service and the addition of Apple's iPadOS to its list of core platform services, bringing the total number of designated gatekeepers to seven and core platform services to 24. Actions included the completion of market investigations, the ini...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "WebGroup Lawsuit against European Commission concerning designation as very large online platform under Digital Services Act (Case T-139/24 R / C-620/24 P(R))", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62024CO0620", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union dismissed an appeal by WebGroup Czech Republic against an order of the General Court denying interim relief concerning the designation of XVideos as a very large online platform under Article 33(4) of the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065). WebGroup had requested the suspension of obligations under Article 39 of the Regulation, which requires very large online platforms to publish a repository of online advertisemen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-28", "title": "European Commission Implementing Regulation on format and specifications for political advertisement labels and notices", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14583-Format-template-and-technical-specifications-of-the-labels-and-transparency-notices-of-political-advertisements_en", "description": "On 28 May 2025, the European Commission closes its consultation on a draft Implementing Regulation concerning the format, template, and technical specifications for labels and transparency notices of political advertisements. The draft implementing regulation is based upon Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on the transparency and targeting of political advertising and aims to establish uniform conditions for how political advertisements must be labelled and accompanied by transparency notices. These r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Data localisation requirements in EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-singapore-digital-trade-agreement-enters-force-2026-02-02_en", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the European Union-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) entered into force. Article 5 prohibits either party from requiring that data be stored, processed, or transmitted using computing facilities located within its territory. This includes bans on localisation requirements as a condition for doing business, or mandates favouring domestic infrastructure. The DTA allows for exceptions only when such measures are necessary to achieve legitimate public policy objectives a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-05", "title": "European Commission AI literacy guidelines", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/faqs/ai-literacy-questions-answers#:~:text=The%20supervision%20and%20enforcement%20of,as%20of%202%20August%202026", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the European Commission published guidelines clarifying the application of AI literacy requirements under Article 4 of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act. The guidelines provide practical recommendations for providers and deployers to ensure their staff and affiliated persons possess the necessary knowledge and understanding to operate AI systems responsibly. The guideline outlines considerations for tailoring AI literacy initiatives based on organisational role, AI system ri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority inquiry into generative AI use by European insurers", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/eiopa-survey-generative-ai-shows-swift-cautious-adoption-among-europes-insurers-2026-02-02_en", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) adopted a report detailing the adoption and implementation of generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) within the insurance sector of the European Union. Based on responses from 347 undertakings across 25 countries to a consultation conducted in 2025, the inquiry noted that nearly two-thirds of insurers are actively utilising the technology, primarily in proof-of-concept stages. The stated aims for adopt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-21", "title": "2025 amendment to the Critical Entities Resilience Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2557) as part of the Simplification Omnibus Bill IV", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/document/download/c78e46d9-8188-4cf0-9f79-02bffb3b7c2c_en?filename=Proposal%20for%20a%20Directive%20-%20Small%20mid-caps.pdf", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the European Commission published a legislative proposal to amend Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities. The proposal would extend the obligation for Member States to describe facilitation measures in their national strategies from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to also include small mid-cap enterprises (SMCs). The Directive also introduces a definition of small mid-cap enterprises (SMCs) as companies with an average market capitalisation b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "European Commission Data Union Strategy to streamline data sharing and governance", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/data-union-strategy-unlocking-data-ai", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the European Commission published the Data Union Strategy - Unlocking Data for AI, presenting a strategic framework that identifies three priority areas for increasing the availability of data for AI development. The three priorities consist of scaling up access to data for artificial intelligence, streamlining data rules to facilitate data sharing, and strengthening the European Union’s global position on international data flows by tackling unjustified trade barriers. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "European Commission investigation into XNXX over alleged breaches of minor protection requirements under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_722", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the European Commission issued preliminary findings that XNXX breached the Digital Services Act (DSA) by failing to protect minors from exposure to pornographic content. The Commission found that XNXX's risk assessment did not apply objective and thorough methodologies, disproportionately emphasising business-centric mattersover societal risks to minors, and misrepresented or did not consider its meetings with civil society organisations specialising in children's rights and...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-27", "title": "European Union-United Arab Emirates Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1252", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the European Union and the United Arab Emirates formally launched negotiations for a bilateral Free Trade Agreement. The decision to launch negotiations was first agreed by the European Commission President and the United Arab Emirates President on 10 April 2025. The agreement aims to reduce tariffs on goods and enhance the movement of services, digital trade, and investment between the parties. The agreement is expected to lay the groundwork for cooperation in digital trade a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "title": "European Commission's guidelines on the classification of high-risk AI systems", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/AIhighrisk2025", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the European Commission closes its consultation on the classification of AI systems as high-risk as part of the implementation of the AI Act’s rules for high-risk AI systems. The consultation aims to collect information on practical examples of AI systems and issues to be clarified in the Commission’s forthcoming guidelines. These guidelines are required by the AI Act to specify the practical implementation of rules for classifying high-risk AI systems under Article 6 and the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in International Digital Strategy for the EU", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1370", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Commission and High Representative issued the International Digital Strategy for the EU. The Strategy outlines plans for international cybersecurity dialogues and highlights the EU’s commitment to a regionally integrated approach to cybersecurity. Cooperation may involve joint operations against cybercrime, investments in security research, and collective efforts to strengthen the security of EU supply chains. The Strategy also prioritises the protection of critic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-14", "title": "European Commission European AI scientific panel supporting Artificial Intelligence Act implementation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_25_1510", "description": "On 14 September 2025, the European Commission closes its call for expression of interest to select sixty independent experts for a scientific panel supporting the implementation and enforcement of the Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). The scientific panel is intended to advise the European AI Office and national authorities, focusing on general-purpose AI models and systems. Its tasks include advising on systemic risks, model classification, evaluation methodologies, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication opinion on European Commission's guidelines to enforce the protection of minors online under the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/sites/default/files/2025-06/Contribution_Arcom_Consultation_Commission_Art28.pdf", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication adopted an opinion on the European Commission's guidelines to enforce the protection of minors online under the Digital Services Act. The authority emphasised the need for independent third-party age assurance tools, specifically for accessing pornography with strong privacy protections and no storage of age proofs on user accounts. It called for acceptance of privacy-preserving age estimation methods, where e...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "European Commission guidance on making available of medical device software apps on online platforms clarifying obligations under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/latest-updates/mdcg-2025-4-guidance-safe-making-available-medical-device-software-mdsw-apps-online-platforms-june-2025-06-16_en", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the European Commission issued guidance on making available of medical device software apps on online platforms, clarifying obligations under the Digital Services Act. The guidance addresses the regulatory obligations for app platform providers distributing medical device software (MDSW) apps in the European Union. The document clarifies how both the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the Digital Services Act (DSA) apply to these platforms. The guidance establishes two prima...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "European Commission guidelines on implementation of declaration functionality for media service providers under European Media Freedom Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidelines-under-article-18-european-media-freedom-act-emfa", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the European Commission adopted guidelines regarding the declaration functionality for media service providers under Article 18 of the European Media Freedom Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1083). The guidelines aim to clarify the obligations of providers of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) to provide a functionality allowing media service providers to declare their status. This mechanism is intended to protect editorial integrity and minimise the impact of content moderation...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "title": "NIS Cooperation Group roadmap on post-quantum cryptography", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/coordinated-implementation-roadmap-transition-post-quantum-cryptography", "description": "On 23 June 2025, the NIS Cooperation Group (NIS CG) published a roadmap on post-quantum cryptography (PQC) for Member States. The guidance details a timeline for the transition to PQC. By 31 December 2026, the Group recommends that all Member States have established national PQC transition roadmaps (including timelines) and initiated pilots for medium- and high-risk use cases. To execute this, the Group also recommends that all Member States identify and involve stakeholders, create inventori...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "European Union-Canada Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_25_1601", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the European Union and Canada agreed to begin negotiations on a Digital Trade Agreement. The agreement aims to align regulatory standards, strengthen cooperation on cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and quantum technologies, and enhance collaboration on AI innovation and infrastructure. The agreement also seeks to promote safer online platforms, interoperable digital identities, and trustworthy AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Council of Europe's HUDERIA Methodology for risk and impact assessment of AI systems under Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/huderia-risk-and-impact-assessment-of-ai-systems", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the Council of Europe launched the HUDERIA Process, introducing the HUDERIA Academy and Platform to implement its methodology for Artificial Intelligence (AI) risk and impact assessment focused on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. The methodology applies to developers and deployers of AI systems worldwide, requiring comprehensive risk assessments, mitigation plans, and ongoing reviews throughout the AI lifecycle to ensure public protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "European Commission guidance to support implementation of Regulation on transparency and targeting of political advertising", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2311", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the European Commission adopted guidelines to support the implementation of the Regulation on the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising, which comes into force on 10 October 2025. The guidelines provide practical instructions for political actors and advertising service providers on identifying political ads and meeting due diligence obligations, while also supporting national authorities’ oversight. The regulation establishes common EU transparency standards ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Joint statement of the European Union-Japan Summit 2025", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_1890", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Joint Statement of the European Union - Japan Summit 2025, including artificial intelligence authority governance was adopted. The statement focuses on strengthening cooperation on digital policy and frontier technologies. The statement applies to sectors including data governance, Artificial Intelligence (AI), online platforms, quantum technologies, and digital identity systems, aiming to advance multilateralism under international standards, including the UN Global Digi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "European Commission's Template for the public summary of training content for general-purpose Artificial Intelligence models", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/explanatory-notice-and-template-public-summary-training-content-general-purpose-ai-models", "description": "On 2 August 2027, the Template for the public summary of training content for general-purpose Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, entered into force. The Template is in accordance with Article 53(1)(d) of the EU AI Act, which requires providers of general-purpose AI models to publish comprehensive summaries of their training data. The Template applies to both commercial and open-source AI model providers. It mandates disclosure through a standardised three-section template, covering general ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-08", "title": "Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models in Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "On 2 August 2025, the obligations under Title VIII, Chapter V of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act) became applicable to providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models, in accordance with Article 113(2). From this date, providers of GPAI models placing models on the Union market are required to comply with obligations, including the preparation and maintenance of technical documentation, the provision of training dataset summaries, public...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "European Commission implementing regulation amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/482 on European Common Criteria-based cybersecurity certification scheme", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14621-EU-cybersecurity-certification-amendment-to-the-scheme-on-common-criteria_en", "description": "On 29 August 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on the implementing regulation amending implementing regulation (EU) 2024/482 on the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/881 on the European Common Criteria-based cybersecurity certification scheme (EUCC). The regulation aims to clarify and expand rules for cybersecurity certification of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products. The regulation applies to ICT manufacturers seeking certification under the European...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "European Biotech Act", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/edpbedps-joint-opinion/edpb-edps-joint-opinion-32026-proposal-european_en", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted a joint opinion on the proposal for a Regulation on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening the Union's biotechnology and biomanufacturing sectors, particularly in the area of health (European Biotech Act). The EDPB and the EDPS support the Proposal's objective to harmonise how sponsors and investigators process personal data in clinical trials under Regulation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "title": "Austrian Data Protection Authority investigation into Google over alleged incomplete provision of personal data under General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2025-08/DSB_Entscheidung_YouTube_geschwärzt.pdf", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) issued its decision on a complaint filed on 18 January 2019 by an individual represented by NOYB (European Center for Digital Rights) against Google regarding the YouTube service. The complaint concerned alleged violations of the right of access under Article 15 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in conjunction with Article 12 GDPR (Decision No. 2025-0.626.844 / Case No. D130.200). The DSB found that Google LLC had p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "European Commission implementing decision on adequate level of protection of personal data by Brazil", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32026D0179&qid=1769615737805", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the European Commission’s implementing decision recognising that Brazil ensures an adequate level of protection for personal data under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) enters into force. The decision confirms that Brazil provides comparable levels of data protection, allowing personal data to be transferred freely between the two jurisdictions without additional authorisations or safeguards. In reaching its decision, the Commission assessed Brazil’s Law No...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-09", "title": "European Commission guidelines on resilience of critical entities", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/communication-guidelines-resilience-critical-entities_en", "description": "On 11 September 2025, the European Commission issued guidelines and a reporting template developed pursuant to Articles 5(5), 6(6), and 7(3) of Directive (EU) 2022/2557 on the resilience of critical entities. The guidelines aim to support Member States in strengthening the resilience of critical infrastructure across the European Union by providing recommendations and practical instructions to identify critical entities in 11 sectors, including energy, transport, drinking and wastewater, food...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "European Commission's Digital Omnibus focusing on digital simplification", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/7568284-Digital-package-digital-omnibus-_en", "description": "On 14 October 2025, the European Commission closes a consultation on the Digital Omnibus, focusing on digital simplification. The consultation applied to companies providing digital services or products with a digital component in the European Union, including small and medium-sized enterprises and mid-cap data-driven businesses. The Digital Omnibus will propose amendments through a Directive and a Regulation to reduce compliance costs and clarify rules. The focus areas includes the Data Gove...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "European Parliament's briefing on Artificial Intelligence continent action plan", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2025/775923/EPRS_BRI(2025)775923_EN.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2025, the European Parliament published a briefing on the European Commission’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) continent action plan, analysing its progress and challenges in making the European Union a leading artificial intelligence hub. The briefing highlights the dual objective of technological excellence and trust, assessing multi-level governance that includes the roles of Member States and local authorities. It also reviews stakeholder views from industry and civil societ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "European Commission's investigation into proposed joint venture between Meta Platforms and Reliance Industries (Case No. M.12070)", "url": "https://competition-cases.ec.europa.eu/cases/M.12070", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the European Commission approved a joint venture between Meta Platforms and Reliance Industries. The joint venture will operate in the enterprise Artificial Intelligence services market. The Commission found no competition concerns in the European Economic Area. The review used the simplified merger procedure.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "title": "European Commission guidance on Article 73 of AI Act on incident reporting of high-risk AI systems", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/ai-act-commission-issues-draft-guidance-and-reporting-template-serious-ai-incidents-and-seeks", "description": "On 7 November 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on its draft guidance and reporting template on serious AI incidents under Article 73 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Artificial Intelligence Act). The consultation aims to gather feedback on the proposed guidance, which specifies reporting obligations for providers of high-risk AI systems in cases of serious incidents or widespread infringements. These obligations are designed to create an early warning system, ensure accounta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-10", "title": "European Data Protection Board recommendations on calculating audit cycle in EU Large-Scale IT Systems", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/csc-documents/recommendations-calculating-audit-cycle-eu-large-scale_en", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the recommendations on calculating the audit cycle in EU Large-Scale IT Systems, which set out guidance for Supervisory Authorities and Schengen evaluation teams on the application of the audit frequency requirements established in EU regulations governing the Schengen Information System (SIS), the Visa Information System (VIS), the interoperability framework, the Entry/Exit System (EES) and the European Travel Information a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Microsoft over alleged violation of GDPR in handling of children's data", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2025-10/Microsoft_Education_365_Bescheid_bk.pdf", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the Austrian Data Protection Authority ruled on a complaint regarding Microsoft’s handling of children's data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Authority found that the Federal High School and the Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Research, acting as joint controllers, violated the complainant’s right of access (Article 15 GDPR) and right to be informed (Article 13 GDPR) by failing to provide complete and timely information on data processed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "European Parliament resolution on protection of minors online (2025/2060(INI))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2025-0299_EN.pdf", "description": "On 26 November 2025, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the protection of minors online as part of an own-initiative-procedure on the topic (2025/2060(INI)). The resolution calls for the implementation of an EU-wide harmonised digital minimum age of 16 for accessing social media, video-sharing platforms and AI companions without parental consent, with 13 as the minimum age for any social media use by children even with parental consent. Further, the report reviews the existing st...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-20", "title": "Cybersecurity regulations in Cloud Sovereignty Framework", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/document/09579818-64a6-4dd5-9577-446ab6219113_en", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the European Commission implemented cybersecurity regulations in the Cloud Sovereignty Framework. The Framework provides criteria for public authorities to evaluate sovereignty assurance and effectiveness of cloud infrastructure providers seeking government contracts. The Framework establishes that cloud sovereignty supplements security and mandates that core cybersecurity functions, including \"Security Operations Centres and response teams,\" must operate \"exclusively unde...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-25", "title": "European Commission's adoption of United Nations Convention against Cybercrime", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_25_2523", "description": "On 25 October 2025, the European Commission signed the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime on behalf of the European Union. The Convention aims to strengthen international cooperation in addressing specific crimes committed through information and communications technology systems and to facilitate the exchange of electronic evidence relating to serious crimes. It applies to criminal investigations and proceedings concerning offences established under its provisions, harmonising a li...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-11", "title": "Guidance for Risk Management of Artificial Intelligence Systems", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/guidelines/2025-11-11-guidance-risk-management-artificial-intelligence-systems_en", "description": "On 11 November 2025, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted the Guidance for Risk Management of Artificial Intelligence Systems, aiming to guide EU Institutions, Bodies, Offices and Agencies (EUIs) acting as controllers in identifying and mitigating risks raised by the processing of personal data when developing, procuring and deploying AI systems. The Guidance presents an overview of the risk management methodology according to ISO 31000:2018, outlines the development lifecyc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Digital Omnibus Regulation (EU 2025/0360)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2026-02/edpb_edps_jointopinion_202602_digitalomnibus_en.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted a joint opinion on the proposal for a Regulation as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework (Digital Omnibus). The EDPB and EDPS acknowledge the Proposal’s objectives to streamline compliance, enhance individuals’ rights, and support innovation, as well as aspects that may contribute to greater harmonisation, legal certainty, and reduced administrat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation (2025/0359)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-omnibus-ai-regulation-proposal", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the European Commission announced a Proposal for the Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation (2025/0359), which amends the EU AI Act to reinforce the governance and enforcement role of the EU Artificial Intelligence Office (AI Office). The draft Regulation would make the AI Office the exclusive authority for supervising and enforcing AI Act obligations for AI systems based on general-purpose AI models under certain conditions. In carrying out this function, the AI Office's power...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "European Commission inquiry on Digital Fitness Check", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/15554-Digital-fitness-check-testing-the-cumulative-impact-of-the-EUs-digital-rules_en", "description": "On 11 March 2026, the European Commission closes its consultation as part of the Digital Fitness Check inquiry. The initiative is the second step of the Commission's simplification of the EU digital regulatory framework, following the adjustments put forward by the Digital Omnibus. The initiative aims to evaluate the complementarity, efficiency, and effectiveness of the legal framework. The initial call for evidence specifically seeks input on the cumulative impact of digital rules on people,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Act whistleblower tool", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-whistleblower-tool-ai-act", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the European Commission announced the launch of a whistleblower tool for the AI Act. According to the Commission, the tool provides a confidential channel for direct reporting of AI Act breaches to the EU AI Office. The whistleblower tool is intended to provide a mechanism that can help the AI Act in detecting violations as early as possible.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "European Union-Republic of Korea joint statement following third meeting of Digital Partnership Council", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/joint-statement-third-meeting-eu-republic-korea-digital-partnership-council", "description": "On 28 November 2025, the Republic of Korea and the European Union issued a joint statement following the third meeting of the Digital Partnership Council. The statement outlined cooperation to advance emerging digital technologies, competitiveness, innovation, resilience, and economic security, and reaffirmed a human-centric and values-based approach to global digital governance. It noted the conclusion of equivalence recognition, enabling the free flow of personal data based on mutual adequa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Implementing Regulation on AI Regulatory Sandboxes", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/15952-Implementing-Regulation-on-AI-Regulatory-Sandboxes_en", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on the draft Implementing Regulation on Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Sandboxes. The draft regulation establishes rules for the creation, operation, and supervision of AI regulatory sandboxes under the EU AI Act. It outlines general terms and conditions for participation, prioritising Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), including start-ups, with free participation for them, while allowing for cost recovery for la...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "Agency for Fundamental Rights assessment on identification of risks to fundamental rights", "url": "https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2025/assessing-high-risk-ai", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published a report on assessing high-risk Artificial Intelligence (AI) Fundamental Rights Risks, examining how the Artificial Intelligence Act governs high-risk AI systems and how these systems affect fundamental rights. The report makes a number of recommendations. These recommendations include the application of a broad interpretation by regulators of the Article 3(1) definition of an AI system to avoid the exclusio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "title": "European Union-Canada Memorandum of Understanding on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2974", "description": "On 8 December 2025, the European Union and Canada signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Artificial Intelligence (AI) to advance cooperation on trustworthy AI that supports fundamental rights, innovation, and economic growth. The parties will work together on AI standards, regulatory approaches, skills development, and adoption in strategic sectors. The parties also plan to collaborate on large AI infrastructures, improve access to compute capacity for industry and academia, and explore join...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "European Commission European Open Digital Ecosystem Strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16213-European-Open-Digital-Ecosystems_en", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the European Commission closes a consultation in its inquiry on setting out a new European Open Digital Ecosystem Strategy. The Strategy aims to establish a strategic approach to the EU open source sector addressing its contribution to technological sovereignty, security and competitiveness, and aiming to strengthen the use, development, and reuse of open digital assets. The Strategy also seeks to ensure that the EU is not dependent on external actors and non-transparent t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Council Regulation on amending Council Regulation 2021/1173 as regards Artificial Intelligence gigafactories", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32026R0150", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the Council Regulation on amending Council Regulation 2021/1173 as regards Artificial Intelligence gigafactories enters into force, one day following its publication in the Official Journal. The Council Regulation sets the framework for the activities of the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC JU), as well as updates the EuroHPC JU governance structure. It aims to establish Artificial Intelligence gigafactories in Europe and establish a quantum pillar in the activities of t...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "User/subject rights in Digital Networks Act (2026/0013(COD))", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-digital-networks-act-dna", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the European Commission adopted its proposal for the Digital Networks Act, which will be presented to the European Parliament and the Council for approval. The Act aims to simplify and harmonise rules, reinforcing competitiveness and fostering a more integrated single market. The Act would introduce provisions aimed at promoting consumer rights. Internet and voice communication service providers would be required to implement features allowing users to control expenditure ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Quality of service requirement in Digital Networks Act (2026/0013(COD))", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-digital-networks-act-dna", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the European Commission adopted its proposal for the Digital Networks Act, which will be presented to the European Parliament and the Council for approval. The Act aims to simplify and harmonise rules, reinforcing competitiveness and fostering a more integrated single market. The Act would introduce quality of service requirements for internet access and voice communications service providers by providing that all Union consumers are entitled to affordable and adequate ser...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "Guidance on EU-US Data Privacy Framework for European businesses", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2026-01/edpb_dpf_faq-for-businesses_v2_en.pdf", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the European Data Protection Board adopted the updated version of its guide for European businesses regarding the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF). The DPF operates as a self-certification mechanism for companies in the United States, and the European Commission has determined that transfers to certified companies enjoy an adequate level of protection for personal data transferred from the European Economic Area (EEA). The guide clarifies that only US businesses subject ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "Rules of Procedure for the Informal Panel of EU Data Protection Authorities according to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (Version 2.0)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other-guidance/rules-procedure-informal-panel-eu-dpas-according-eu-0_en", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the European Data Protection Board adopted version 2.0 of the rules of procedure for the informal panel of EU Data Protection Authorities according to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. The rules establish procedural arrangements for the handling of unresolved complaints concerning compliance by US organisations self-certified under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework, in relation to personal data transferred from the European Union and the European Economic Area. The rules de...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "European Commission specification proceeding to support Google to comply with interoperability obligations under Digital Markets Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_202", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the European Commission opened a specification proceeding into Google over its alleged failure to comply with interoperability obligations under the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The proceeding addresses Article 6(7) of the DMA, which requires Google to offer third-party developers free and effective interoperability with hardware and software features within the Android operating system. The Commission intends to define how Google should provide third-party AI service provid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "European Commission specification proceeding to support Google comply with obligation to share search data under Digital Markets Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/ip_26_825/IP_26_825_EN.pdf", "description": "On 1 May 2026, the European Commission closes its consultation on preliminary findings sent to Google, outlining proposed measures to ensure compliance with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) in the context of specification proceedings opened on 27 January 2026. The proposed measures would require Google to allow third-party search engines, referred to as data beneficiaries, to access search data, including ranking, query, click, and view data, on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory terms. Th...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Microsoft over alleged violation of GDPR concerning use of tracking cookies in Microsoft 365 Education", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2026-01/Standarderledigung%20Bescheid_geschwärzt.pdf", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the Austrian Data Protection Authority upheld a complaint filed by a pupil, represented by the European Center for Digital Rights (noyb), against Microsoft regarding the use of tracking cookies in Microsoft 365 Education. The decision relates to the installation and use of non-essential cookies on the device of a minor using Microsoft 365 Education at an Austrian school. The Authority found that Microsoft had processed personal data through tracking cookies without a valid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "European Parliament resolution on copyright and generative artificial intelligence (2025/2058(INI))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260126IPR32636/protect-copyrighted-work-used-by-generative-ai-say-legal-affairs-meps", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the European Parliament adopted a resolution regarding copyright and generative artificial intelligence (AI) (2025/2058(INI)) to address the use of protected works in training datasets and the status of AI-generated content. The resolution recommends that the European Commission conduct an assessment of whether the current European Union (EU) copyright framework addresses legal uncertainties and competitive effects from the use of protected works for training AI systems. T...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "title": "Council decision on conclusion of EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32026D0125", "description": "On 8 December 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted a decision approving the conclusion of the EU–Singapore Agreement on Digital Trade. The Agreement governs cross-border digital trade between the EU and Singapore. The decision authorises the Commission to conclude the Agreement and establishes a legal framework to facilitate digital trade.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Signatory Taskforce of General-Purpose AI Code of Practice", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/pages/signatory-taskforce-gpai-code-practice", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the AI Office announced the establishment of the Signatory Taskforce of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice, with the aim of facilitating the coherent application of the Code as a voluntary tool supporting compliance with European Union rules for general-purpose AI models under the Artificial Intelligence Act. The Taskforce is chaired by the AI Office and provides participating Signatories with a forum to exchange views relevant to implementation of the Code. It may pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "European Data Protection Board report on international data protection enforcement cooperation", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/support-pool-experts-projects/report-international-data-protection_en", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the Report on International Data Protection Enforcement Cooperation under the Support Pool of Experts programme. The report sets out findings on cross-border cooperation between European Economic Area (EEA) data protection authorities (DPAs) and DPAs in third countries, with a focus on jurisdictions that hold a European Union (EU) adequacy decision. It concludes that international enforcement cooperation is less developed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok concerning risk assessments and addictive design features under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_312", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the European Commission issued preliminary findings in its investigation into TikTok, concluding that the platform breached its obligations under the Digital Services Act with regard to the assessment and mitigation of the addictive design of its service. The Commission found that TikTok had failed to adequately assess the systemic risks arising from the design and operation of its service. These risks were associated with features such as infinite scrolling, autoplay, pus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "European Commission Action Plan on Drone and Counter Drone Security", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/action-plan-drone-and-counter-drone-security", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the European Commission adopted the Action Plan on Drone and Counter-Drone Security to establish a coordinated approach to drone threats across the European Union. The plan covers five areas. It includes public procurement measures, such as a voluntary EU counter-drone joint and cross-border purchasing initiative, including technologies for protecting critical infrastructure. It sets out measures to increase research and development in counter-drone technology, including ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "ICT Supply Chain Security Toolbox", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/eu-launches-new-toolbox-strengthen-ict-supply-chain-security", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the NIS2 Cooperation Group, comprising European Union Member States, the European Commission, and the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), published the ICT Supply Chain Security Toolbox to provide a common framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating cybersecurity risks across information and communication technology supply chains. The instrument establishes a horizontal and non-binding approach based on an all-hazards methodology, defining important ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "European Ombudswoman inquiry into possible discrepancies between guidelines on AI Act and AI Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/news-document/en/220721", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the European Ombudswoman opened an inquiry (Case 3162/2025/MIK) into possible discrepancies between the guidelines on the AI Act and the AI Code of Practice. The inquiry follows a complaint from a Member of the European Parliament. While the AI Act mandates that providers maintain current information on energy consumption during the development of general-purpose AI models, the Code of Practice allegedly contains exemptions for certain circumstances. The complainant raise...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "EU Internet Forum", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/d8cee954-5df6-4566-a520-6d59cfef347e_en?filename=ProtectEU%20-%20Agenda%20to%20prevent%20and%20counter%20terrorism.pdf", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the European Commission announced the development of a new workstream within the EU Internet Forum (EUIF) to strengthen user support mechanisms and positive interventions aimed at preventing online radicalisation, as set out in the Communication “ProtectEU: Agenda to Prevent and Counter Terrorism' (COM(2026) 101 final). Launched in 2015, the EU Internet Forum is a voluntary public–private cooperation platform that brings together the ministries of EU Member States, law en...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Recommendations to protect copyrighted creative work in the age of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260306IPR37511/protecting-copyrighted-work-and-the-eu-s-creative-sector-in-the-age-of-ai", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the European Parliament adopted a series of recommendations aimed at protecting copyrighted creative work from use by artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The recommendations, passed by 460 votes to 71, state that European Union copyright law should apply to all generative AI systems on the market, regardless of where they were trained. The recommendations aim to ensure transparency and fair remuneration for rights holders whose protected content is used in AI training proc...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Enforcement procedures in Implementing regulation on detailed arrangements for conduct of certain proceedings by Commission pursuant to Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16472-Artificial-Intelligence-Act-detailed-arrangements-on-evaluations-and-proceedings_en", "description": "On 9 April 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on the draft Implementing Regulation on detailed arrangements for the conduct of certain proceedings pursuant to the Artificial Intelligence Act. The draft outlines the procedures for initiating and concluding proceedings against providers of general-purpose AI models. It also provides for the possibility of interim measures in urgent situations where risks to health or safety may arise. The draft sets out procedural safeguards,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Strategy for supervising systems under Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2026-03/26-03-17_edps-compass-under-ai-act-2026-2027_en.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2026-03-17 for Austria concerning Strategy for supervising systems under Artificial Intelligence Act. See the linked edps.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "European Commission agreement with Intellectual Property Office on intellectual property rights enforcement under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.euipo.europa.eu/en/news/the-euipo-and-the-european-commission-join-forces-to-fight-counterfeiting-and-piracy-online", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the European Commission signed a five-year agreement with the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) to support the enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The agreement aims to strengthen the Commission's capabilities to take enforcement actions under the DSA to address systemic risks affecting IP rights posed by very large online platforms and search engines (VLOPs and VLOSEs), including the dissemination of IP-inf...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 February 2023", "title": "Specific compliance rules for large platforms in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the obligation of online platforms to report the number of monthly users outlined in the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) is implemented. The European Commission will designate, based on the platforms reports, the \"very large online platforms\" (VLOPs) and \"very large search engines\" (VLOSEs). The very large platforms, defined as platforms with over 45 million users in the European Union, are obliged to pursue systemic risks assessments to monitor t...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Services Act (DSA) 中大型平台的特定合规规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 17 日，Single Market for Digital Services Regulation (DSA) 规定的在线平台报告月活跃用户数量的义务生效。European Commission 将根据平台报告指定“超大型在线平台”(VLOP) 和“超大型搜索引擎”(VLOSE)。超大型平台定义为在欧盟拥有超过 4,500 万用户的平台，须进行系统性风险评估，以监测 t..." }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Digital oversight board in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) is implemented. The DSA aims to protect consumers against illicit content or services and protect their basic rights online. Under the DSA, a new European Board for Digital Services is established. The Board will support EU member states and their new national Digital Services Coordinators (DSc) in their investigations and analysis of \"very large online platforms and search engines\" reports and audits. Furtherm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Services Act (DSA) 中的数字监督委员会", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 17 日，Single Market for Digital Services Regulation (DSA) 生效。DSA 旨在保护消费者免受非法内容或服务的侵害，并保护其在线基本权利。根据 DSA，设立了新的 European Board for Digital Services。该委员会将支持欧盟成员国及其新设立的国家数字服务协调机构 (DSc) 对“超大型在线平台和搜索引擎”的报告和审计进行调查和分析。Furtherm..." }, { "date": "18 June 2021", "title": "EDPB guidelines on cross-border personal data transfers", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/edpb_recommendations_202001vo.2.0_supplementarymeasurestransferstools_en.pdf", "description": "European Data Protection Board publishes the final version of its guidelines for data exporters on privacy protections for cross-border transfer of personal data to third countries after the ECJ Schrems II decision.\nThe guidelines include a step-by-step instruction on how to proceed when transferring personal data to third countries. The individual steps are:\n(1) Know your transfers, (2) verify the transfer tool is permitted, (3) assess the situation on data handling in the third country, (4)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于跨境个人数据传输的指南", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 发布了其关于在 ECJ Schrems II 裁决后向第三国跨境传输个人数据时数据出口商隐私保护指南的最终版本。\n该指南包括向第三国传输个人数据时如何逐步操作的说明。具体步骤为：\n(1) 了解您的传输，(2) 核实传输工具是否被允许，(3) 评估第三国的数据处理情况，(4)..." }, { "date": "12 October 2020", "title": "ENISA Guideline on Security Measures under the EECC", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/new-guidelines-for-telecom-and-5g-security", "description": "The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) publishes a revised security guideline, focussing on the implementation of art. 40/41 of the EECC regarding security of networks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 关于 EECC 下安全措施指南", "description_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了一份修订后的安全指南，重点关注 EECC 第 40/41 条关于网络安全实施的问题。" }, { "date": "17 December 2021", "title": "EU-South Korea adequacy decision", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/decision-adequate-protection-personal-data-republic-korea-annexes_en", "description": "The EU Commission ruled that the Republic of Korea provides an adequate level of data protection corresponding to EU standards, following the European Data Protection Board opinion on the issue. As a result, data transfers from the EU to Korean data controllers and processors can take place without needing any additional authorisation. The EU Commission scrutinized the Korean data protection regime composed of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), the Act on the Use and Protection o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-韩国充分性认定决定", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 就此问题发表意见后，EU Commission 认定 Republic of Korea 提供了与欧盟标准相应的充分数据保护水平。因此，从欧盟向韩国数据控制者和处理者的数据传输无需任何额外授权即可进行。EU Commission 审查了韩国的数据保护制度，包括 Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA)、Act on the Use and Protection o..." }, { "date": "28 June 2021", "title": "Commission implementing decision on adequate protection of personal data by the United Kingdom", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/decision_on_the_adequate_protection_of_personal_data_by_the_united_kingdom_-_general_data_protection_regulation_en.pdf", "description": "On 28 June 2021, the European Commission published its decision on the adequacy of the UK data protection regime with the EU GDPR and Law Enforcement Directive. In the decision, the EC finds that the UK ensures an adequate level of protection for personal data transfers from the EU to the UK. This means that data transfer from the EU to the UK can continue. Unless extended the decision shall expire on 27 June 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会关于英国个人数据充分保护的执行决定", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 28 日，European Commission 发布了关于英国数据保护制度与 EU GDPR 和 Law Enforcement Directive 充分性的决定。在该决定中，EC 认定英国确保了从欧盟向英国传输个人数据的充分保护水平。这意味着从欧盟向英国的数据传输可以继续进行。除非延期，否则该决定将于 2025 年 6 月 27 日失效。" }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:22020A1231(01)&from=EN ", "description": "The Free Trade Agreement between UK and EU enters into force. The agreement covers a broad range of areas including data protection. The Agreement establishes that the transfer of personal data from the EU to the UK will constitute a transfer of personal data to a third country. For this reason, the EU has to adopt a decision on the UK adequacy of the data protection regime. On the other side, the UK will keep considering EU countries' laws as adequate for the transfer of personal data from t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "英国与欧盟之间的自由贸易协定生效。该协定涵盖广泛领域，包括数据保护。协定规定，从欧盟向英国传输个人数据将构成向第三国传输个人数据。因此，欧盟必须就英国数据保护制度的充分性作出决定。另一方面，英国将继续视欧盟国家的法律为充分，以便从 t..." }, { "date": "25 March 2022", "title": "EU-US Negotiations on Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/en/statement_22_2043/STATEMENT_22_2043_EN.pdf", "description": "On 25 March 2022, the European Commission published a statement by Commission President Ursula von der Leyen with US President Joe Biden, which announced the agreement in principle on a transatlantic data transfer pact between the EU and the US. According to the statement, the pact will allow for \"predictable and trustworthy data flows between the EU and US, safeguarding privacy and civil liberties\". The statement does not provide details on the agreement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-美国关于跨大西洋数据隐私框架的谈判", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 25 日，European Commission 发布了 Commission President Ursula von der Leyen 与 US President Joe Biden 的联合声明，宣布欧盟与美国就跨大西洋数据传输协议原则上达成一致。根据该声明，该协议将允许“欧盟与美国之间可预测且可信的数据流动，保障隐私和公民自由”。声明未提供该协议的详细内容。" }, { "date": "7 December 2021", "title": "Inquiry into complaints after CJEU \"Schrems II\" decision", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/694678/IPOL_STU(2021)694678_EN.pdf", "description": "The European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties published a report on the \"Exchanges of Personal Data After the Schrems II Judgment\". According to the report, no US federal or state privacy law is likely to provide a data protection level equivalent to the EU GDPR in the near future. Nevertheless, the report formulates recommendations to facilitate data transfers between EU-US under a new institutional arrangement: firstly, the EU should adopt stop-gap measures (e.g., audits, logs, rep...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 CJEU “Schrems II”裁决后投诉的调查", "description_zh": "European Parliament 的 Committee on Civil Liberties 发布了一份关于“Schrems II 裁决后的个人数据交换”的报告。根据该报告，近期没有任何美国联邦或州隐私法可能提供与 EU GDPR 相当的数据保护水平。尽管如此，该报告就如何在新的制度安排下促进欧盟-美国数据传输提出了建议：首先，欧盟应采取临时措施（例如审计、日志、rep..." }, { "date": "16 July 2020", "title": "Invalidation of US-EU data transfer mechanisms in CJEU \"Schrems\" decisions", "url": "http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document_print.jsf?docid=228677&text=&dir=&doclang=EN&part=1&occ=first&mode=lst&pageIndex=0&cid=9710274", "description": "With the \"Schrems II\" decision on 16 July 2020, the CJEU invalidates the U.S.-EU Privacy Shield. The decision finds that the United States data surveillance laws and compliance requirements for data processors (in particular, Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and Executive Order 12333) prevent data processors to ensure that the personal data of EU citizens receive equivalent protections when transferred in the US. The decision upholds the Standard Contractual Clauses as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU “Schrems”裁决中废止美欧数据传输机制", "description_zh": "随着 2020 年 7 月 16 日“Schrems II”裁决，CJEU 废止了 U.S.-EU Privacy Shield。该裁决认定，美国的数据监控法律和对数据处理者的合规要求（特别是 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 第 702 条和 Executive Order 12333）使数据处理者无法确保欧盟公民的个人数据在传输至美国时获得同等保护。该裁决支持 Standard Contractual Clauses 作为..." }, { "date": "25 November 2020", "title": "EC proposal for Action Plan on Intellectual Property", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0760&from=EN", "description": "European Commission publishes proposal for a EU Action Plan on Intellectual Property for the European Parliament and Council.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EC 知识产权行动计划提案", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了一项面向 European Parliament 和 Council 的欧盟知识产权行动计划提案。" }, { "date": "18 December 2020", "title": "ESMA Cloud ourtsourcing guidelines", "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma50-157-2403_cloud_guidelines.pdf", "description": "The European Securities and Markets Authority publishes guidelines on outsourcing to cloud service providers, including risk assessment, due dilligence, control frameworks and the notification of certain information to competent authorities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ESMA 云服务外包指南", "description_zh": "European Securities and Markets Authority 发布了关于外包给云服务提供商的指南，包括风险评估、尽职调查、控制框架以及向主管机构通知某些信息。" }, { "date": "21 April 2021", "title": "BEREC inquiry into harmonised definitions for indicators regarding OTT services", "url": "https://berec.europa.eu/eng/news_consultations/ongoing_public_consultations/8162-public-consultation-on-berec-draft-report-on-harmonised-definitions-for-indicators-regarding-ott-services-relevant-to-electronic-communications-markets", "description": "The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) closes the public consultation for its draft report on harmonised definitions for indicators regarding OTT services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BEREC 就 OTT 服务指标统一定义展开的调查", "description_zh": "Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) 结束了其关于 OTT 服务指标统一定义的 draft report 的公众咨询。" }, { "date": "20 October 2020", "title": "European Parliament resolution of 20 October 2020 on intellectual property rights for the development of artificial intelligence technologies (2020/2015(INI))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0277_EN.pdf", "description": "Adoption of non-legislative resolution by European Parliament, which recommends to the European Commission to conduct an impact assessment of AI regarding IP and to adapt the regulatory framework to reap benefits of AI.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament 2020 年 10 月 20 日关于人工智能技术发展知识产权的决议 (2020/2015(INI))", "description_zh": "European Parliament 通过了一项非立法性决议，建议 European Commission 就人工智能对知识产权的影响进行评估，并调整监管框架以获取人工智能的效益。" }, { "date": "19 February 2020", "title": "EC Report on the safety and liability implications of Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics, accompanying AI White Paper", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/publications/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en", "description": "European Commission accompanying report on safety and liability framework regarding AI, Internet of Things and robotics is published, considering ex ante testing, transparency and training requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EC 关于人工智能、物联网和机器人的安全与责任影响报告（随附 AI White Paper）", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了关于人工智能、物联网和机器人安全与责任框架的随附报告，考虑了事前测试、透明度和培训要求。" }, { "date": "20 October 2020", "title": "European Parliament resolution of 20 October 2020 with recommendations to the Commission on a civil liability regime for artificial intelligence (2020/2014(INL))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0277_EN.pdf", "description": "Adoption of legislative resolution by European Parliament, which aims to harmonise the legal framework for civil liability claims and impose strict liability on operators of high-risk AI systems", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament 2020 年 10 月 20 日关于人工智能民事责任制度的决议 (2020/2014(INL))", "description_zh": "European Parliament 通过了一项立法性决议，旨在协调民事责任的法律框架，并对高风险人工智能系统的运营者施加严格责任。" }, { "date": "6 July 2022", "title": "Regulation on dissemination of online terrorist content", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32021R0784&qid=1621999611660", "description": "Regulation 2021/784 on addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online goes into force one year after it was published in the official journal. The regulation requires social media companies in the EU to take down online terrorist content within one hour of notification. The regulated content also includes material that provides guidance on how to make and use explosives, firearms and other weapons for terrorist purposes. If no reasons for non-compliance are given, fines of up to 4% ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于在线恐怖主义内容传播的法规", "description_zh": "2021/784 号法规《关于打击在线恐怖主义内容传播的法规》在 Official Journal 上发布一年后生效。该法规要求欧盟社交媒体公司在接到通知后一小时内删除在线恐怖主义内容。受监管的内容还包括提供如何制造和使用爆炸物、枪支及其他用于恐怖主义目的的武器指导的材料。如果未给出不合规的理由，最高可处以 4% ..." }, { "date": "12 September 2020", "title": "EC Communication: A Counter-Terrorism Agenda for the EU: Anticipate, Prevent, Protect, Respond\"", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/pdf/09122020_communication_commission_european_parliament_the_council_eu_agenda_counter_terrorism_po-2020-9031_com-2020_795_en.pdf", "description": "Publication of EC Communication on Counter-Terrorism Agenda for EU, which aims to counter terrorist ideologies online through several legislative proposals, including the Regulation on addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online and the Digital Services Act.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EC 通讯：《欧盟反恐议程：预见、预防、保护、应对》", "description_zh": "发布 EC 关于欧盟反恐议程的通讯，旨在通过多项立法提案（包括关于打击在线恐怖主义内容传播的法规和 Digital Services Act）打击网络上的恐怖主义意识形态。" }, { "date": "24 July 2020", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in EU Security Union Strategy", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1596452256370&uri=CELEX:52020DC0605", "description": "Publication of EU Security Union Strategy for 2020-2025, which includes measures to fight cybercrime.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Security Union Strategy 中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "发布 2020-2025 年 EU Security Union Strategy，其中包括打击网络犯罪的措施。" }, { "date": "15 January 2021", "title": "EDPS and EDPB joint decision on standard contractual clauses", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2021/edpb-edps-adopt-joint-opinions-new-sets-sccs_en", "description": "EDPB and EDPS adopt joint opinions on standard contractual clauses regarding controller-processor contracts and data transfers to third countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPS 和 EDPB 关于标准合同条款的联合决定", "description_zh": "EDPB 和 EDPS 通过了关于控制者-处理者合同以及向第三国数据传输的标准合同条款的联合意见。" }, { "title": "Data protection measures for \"high-risk\" AI systems in Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "On 2 August 2027, the regulation laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), including data protection measures for \"high-risk\" AI systems prescribed by Annex III of the Act, enters into force. The AI Act is based on a risk-based management approach and introduces data protection obligations depending on the level of risk associated with the AI system. The Act includes a ban on cognitive behavioural manipulation, the untargeted scrapping of facial im...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于制定人工智能统一规则法规（AI Act）中“高风险”人工智能系统的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2027 年 8 月 2 日，关于制定人工智能统一规则的法规（Artificial Intelligence Act），包括法案附件 III 规定的“高风险”人工智能系统的数据保护措施，正式生效。AI Act 基于风险管理方法，根据人工智能系统的风险等级引入数据保护义务。该法案禁止认知行为操纵、无针对性的大规模面部图像采集 ..." }, { "date": "9 February 2021", "title": "EU consultation on Declaration of Digital Principles", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13017-Declaration-of-Digital-Principles-the-%E2%80%98European-way%E2%80%99-for-the-digital-society_en", "description": "The European Commission set the closing date for the consultation on the Declaration of Digital Principles to September 2, 2021. It aims to propose a set of principles to guide the European way for the digital society, which acts as reference point for policy makers and digital operators.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟关于数字原则宣言的咨询", "description_zh": "European Commission 将数字原则宣言咨询的截止日期定为 2021 年 9 月 2 日。该咨询旨在提出一套指导欧洲数字社会发展的原则，作为政策制定者和数字运营者的参考点。" }, { "date": "19 May 2021", "title": "EDPB statement on the consistency of the proposed EU Data Governance Act with the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/edpb_statementondga_19052021_en_0.pdf", "description": "In an official statement following a plennary session, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) calls on European legislators to ensure consistency of the emergent Data Governance Act (DGA) with the GDPR. Legislators shall avoid the risk of two conflicting sets of rules by finding common definitions, referencing the GDPR as the legal basis for all data protection measures in the DGA and ensuring a single oversight mechanism for both GDPR and DGA.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于拟议 EU Data Governance Act 与 GDPR 一致性的声明", "description_zh": "在一次全体会议后的官方声明中，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 呼吁欧洲立法者确保新兴 Data Governance Act (DGA) 与 GDPR 的一致性。立法者应通过寻找共同定义、将 GDPR 作为 DGA 中所有数据保护措施的法律基础，并确保 GDPR 和 DGA 由单一监督机制监管，以避免两套规则冲突的风险。" }, { "date": "26 September 2023", "title": "Algorithm disclosure in European Code of Practice on Disinformation", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/code-practice-disinformation-new-reports-available-transparency-centre", "description": "On 26 September 2023, the European Commission announced that the Code of Practice on Disinformation signatories delivered new reports and new signatories joined. The four new signatories are Alliance4Europe, Newtral, EFCSN, and Seznam. The second round of reports on the implementation of the Code of Practice on Disinformation has been submitted by online platform signatories, which include Google, Meta, Microsoft, and TikTok. The reports that platforms have to submit will have to include safe...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Code of Practice on Disinformation 中的算法披露", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 26 日，European Commission 宣布 Code of Practice on Disinformation 的签署方提交了新的报告，并有新的签署方加入。四个新签署方为 Alliance4Europe、Newtral、EFCSN 和 Seznam。在线平台签署方（包括 Google、Meta、Microsoft 和 TikTok）已提交关于实施 Code of Practice on Disinformation 的第二轮报告。平台必须提交的报告须包括 safe..." }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Data protection and access measures in Regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202302854", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act), including data protection and access measures, is implemented. The Act aims to facilitate access to data and review the rules on the legal protection of databases to balance the rights to access data and the incentives to invest in data within the current data protection rules. The Act provides a framework for accessing and sharing data. Specifically, the Act sets out under which circumstanc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于公平获取和使用数据统一规则法规（Data Act）中的数据保护和获取措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 12 日，关于公平获取和使用数据统一规则的法规（Data Act），包括数据保护和获取措施，正式实施。该法案旨在促进数据获取，并审查数据库法律保护的规则，以在当前数据保护规则下平衡数据获取权与投资激励。该法案提供了获取和共享数据的框架。具体而言，该法案规定了在何种情况下 ..." }, { "date": "19 May 2021", "title": "EDPB recommendations 02/2021 on credit card data storage", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-05/recommendations022021_on_storage_of_credit_card_data_en_1.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board issues recommendation 2/2021 on the legal basis for the storage of credit card data. The purpose is the facilitation of online transactions with sufficient data protection. The recommendations encourage a harmonised application of data protection rules regarding credit card data storage following transactions. It concludes that for such storage consent (art. 6(1)(a) GDPR) is the sole appropriate legal basis. The consent must be free, specific, informed and u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 2021/02 号关于信用卡数据存储的建议", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 发布了 2/2021 号建议，关于存储信用卡数据的法律依据。其目的是在充分数据保护的前提下促进在线交易。该建议鼓励在交易后关于信用卡数据存储方面统一适用数据保护规则。结论认为，此类存储的同意（GDPR 第 6(1)(a) 条）是唯一适当的法律基础。该同意必须是自由、具体、知情且 u..." }, { "date": "6 April 2021", "title": "Guidance on Article 17 of Directive 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/guidance-article-17-directive-2019790-copyright-digital-single-market", "description": "The European Commission publishes its guidance on art. 17 of the EU DSM Directive, the main issue being the compatibility of automated content recognition technology (upload filters) with fundamental EU rights. Art. 17(4) DSM Directive introduces platform liability for copyright infringements, causing platforms to use automated content recognition (upload filters) for content flagged by rightsholders, while art. 17(7) prohibits the blocking of content that does not infringe copyright due to t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Digital Single Market 版权指令 (Directive 2019/790) 第 17 条的指南", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了关于 EU DSM Directive 第 17 条的指南，主要问题是自动内容识别技术（上传过滤器）与欧盟基本权利的兼容性。DSM Directive 第 17(4) 条引入了平台对版权侵权的责任，导致平台对权利人标记的内容使用自动内容识别（上传过滤器），而第 17(7) 条禁止因 t... 而阻止不侵犯版权的内容。" }, { "date": "27 December 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation tools in standard contractual clauses Implementing Decision (EU) 2021/914", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2847", "description": "The two sets of standard contractual clauses adopted by the European Commission in June 2021 are now implemented. There had been a grace period since September 2021. The first clause is to be used between controllers and processors, while the second clause was adopted with the purpose of facilitating personal data transfer to third countries all while ensuring high-quality data protection for citizens.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "标准合同条款执行决定 (EU) 2021/914 中的数据保护监管工具", "description_zh": "European Commission 于 2021 年 6 月通过的两套标准合同条款现已实施。自 2021 年 9 月起设有宽限期。第一套条款用于控制者与处理者之间，而第二套条款旨在促进向第三国传输个人数据，同时确保公民获得高质量的数据保护。" }, { "date": "6 March 2021", "title": "CISPE Code of Conduct for IaaS", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000043632207", "description": "The Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) approves the Code of Conduct for IaaS submitted by the industry association Cloud Infrastructure Service Providers Europe (CISPE). The sector-specific Code of Conduct has pan-European effect and invokes various requirements for IaaS in order for them to be compliant with the GDPR. The code consists of remarks concerning scope definitions, data protection requirements, transparency duties, adherence, and governance obligations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISPE IaaS 行为守则", "description_zh": "Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) 批准了行业协会 Cloud Infrastructure Service Providers Europe (CISPE) 提交的 IaaS 行为守则。该行业特定的行为守则具有全欧洲效力，并对 IaaS 提出多项要求以使其符合 GDPR。该守则包括关于范围定义、数据保护要求、透明度义务、遵守和治理义务的说明。" }, { "date": "19 October 2021", "title": "EU Joint Cyber Unit", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/10/19/cybersecurity-council-adopts-conclusions-on-exploring-the-potential-of-a-joint-cyber-unit/#", "description": "On 19 October 2021, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted conclusions in which it calls for the creation of a Joint Cyber Unit, as was recommended by the EU Commission. The Joint Cyber Unit should help combat the increasing number of cyber-attacks. In the document, the EU Council invites the Member States to “explore the potential” of a Joint Cyber Unit as part of the development and improvement of the cybersecurity crisis management framework. The EU Council also notes the importanc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Joint Cyber Unit", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 19 日，Council of the European Union (EU) 通过了结论，呼吁按照 EU Commission 的建议建立 Joint Cyber Unit。Joint Cyber Unit 应帮助应对日益增多的网络攻击。在该文件中，EU Council 邀请成员国“探索”Joint Cyber Unit 的潜力，将其作为发展和改进网络安全危机管理框架的一部分。EU Council 还指出 importanc..." }, { "date": "29 June 2021", "title": "Harmonised data protection in EDPB leaflet", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/2020_06_22_one-stop-shop_leaflet_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a leaflet on the harmonised data protection across the EU member states, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.\nThe leaflet addresses the One-Stop-Shop mechanism, requiring any individual concerned by a data protection issue to only go to their respective Supervisory Authority. The Supervisory Authority then takes the issue to the corresponding Authority in the concerned country.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 传单中的统一数据保护", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了一份关于欧盟成员国、冰岛、列支敦士登和挪威统一数据保护的传单。\n该传单涉及一站式商店机制，要求任何受数据保护问题影响的个人只需向其各自的监管机构提出申诉。监管机构随后将问题转交有关国家的相应机构。" }, { "date": "24 June 2021", "title": "EDPS Opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/opinions/edps-opinion-proposal-regulation-markets-crypto_en", "description": "The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) publishes its Opinion on the Proposal for a Regulation on Markets in Crypto-Assets, and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937. In its report, the EDPS stresses the importance of ensuring that underlying technologies of crypto-assets are compliant with data protection rules, while stating that the EDPS principally considers the issuers of crypto-assets as data controllers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPS 关于加密资产市场监管法规提案的意见", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 发布了关于 Markets in Crypto-Assets 监管法规提案以及修订 Directive (EU) 2019/1937 的意见。在其报告中，EDPS 强调了确保加密资产底层技术符合数据保护规则的重要性，同时指出 EDPS 原则上将加密资产发行者视为数据控制者。" }, { "date": "28 June 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity recommendations in report on the cybersecurity challenges faced by SMEs", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-report-cybersecurity-for-smes/at_download/fullReport", "description": "The report with recommendations on the cybersecurity challenges faced by small and medium entreprises ('SMEs') is adopted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity ('ENISA'). It provides cybersecurity advice for SMEs to successfully cope with cybersecurity challenges and proposes actions for Member States on how to support SMEs improve their cybersecurity. Recommendations on cybersecurity measures are divided along their focus on people, processes and technical aspects.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于中小企业网络安全挑战报告中的网络安全建议", "description_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity ('ENISA') 通过了关于中小企业 ('SMEs') 网络安全挑战及建议的报告。该报告为中小企业提供了应对网络安全挑战的网络安全建议，并提出了成员国支持中小企业改善网络安全的行动建议。网络安全措施建议按其对人员、流程和技术方面的关注进行分类。" }, { "date": "18 June 2021", "title": "Proposed ban of AI facial recognition in EDPB and EDPS joint opinion on the use of AI", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/2021-06-18-edpb-edps_joint_opinion_ai_regulation_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) released a joint opinion on June 18, 2021. The joint opinion refers to the proposal of the European Commission (\"the Proposal\") made on 21 April 2021, regarding the coordinated rules on the use of AI as well as the regulation thereof. As part of the joint paper, the EDPB and EDPS criticize the fact that the Proposal does not include cooperative international law enforcement as this leads to possible bypas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 和 EDPS 关于人工智能使用的联合意见中提议禁止人工智能面部识别", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 和 European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 于 2021 年 6 月 18 日发布了一份联合意见。该联合意见涉及 European Commission 于 2021 年 4 月 21 日提出的关于人工智能使用协调规则及其监管的提案（“提案”）。作为联合文件的一部分，EDPB 和 EDPS 批评该提案未将国际合作执法纳入其中，因为这可能导致可能的 bypas..." }, { "date": "18 June 2021", "title": "Recommendations on Supplementary Measures following Schrems II Case", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/edpb_recommendations_202001vo.2.0_supplementarymeasurestransferstools_en.pdf", "description": "The second and final version of the Recommendations on Supplementary Measures is adopted by the European Data Protection Board, providing exporters of data (controllers or processors) with a series of steps to follow, potential sources of information, and some examples of supplementary measures that could be put in place in order to be compliant with the EU level of protection of personal data following the Schrems II Case. The second version emphasises the relevance of third country public a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Schrems II 案后的补充措施建议", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 通过了补充措施建议的第二版也是最终版本，为数据出口商（控制者或处理者）提供了一系列应遵循的步骤、潜在信息来源以及一些可采取补充措施的例子，以便在 Schrems II 案后符合欧盟个人数据保护水平。第二版强调了第三国公共机构 a... 的相关性。" }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "Derogation of ePrivacy Directive to fight child sexual abuse", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32024R1307", "description": "On 3 April 2026, the applicability of the Derogation from the ePrivacy Directive supporting the detection of child sexual abuse ends. The derogation was extended by Regulation (EU) 2024/1307. The extension allows providers of number-independent interpersonal communication services, such as messaging platforms, to use technologies that process personal and other data to identify, report, and remove online child sexual abuse. Providers must also ensure that information on reports submitted to a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为打击儿童性虐待对 ePrivacy Directive 的豁免", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 3 日，支持检测儿童性虐待的 ePrivacy Directive 豁免适用期结束。该豁免由 Regulation (EU) 2024/1307 延长。延期允许独立于号码的人际通信服务提供者（例如消息平台）使用处理个人数据及其他数据的技术来识别、报告和删除在线儿童性虐待内容。提供者还必须确保向 a... 提交的报告信息。" }, { "date": "26 April 2022", "title": "CJEU case C-401/19 on validity of Article 17 DSM Directive (Poland v. Parliament and Council)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-04/cp220065en.pdf", "description": "On 26 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued its ruling on the case Poland v. European Parliament and Council. The action was brought before the court by the Polish government on 24 May 2019, challenging the validity of Article 17 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (Copyright Directive). The challenge argued that requiring online content-sharing service providers to monitor the content that users upload on their platform to ensure that it doesn’t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 案件 C-401/19 关于 DSM Directive 第 17 条有效性（Poland v. Parliament and Council）", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 26 日，Court of Justice of the European Union 就 Poland v. European Parliament and Council 案作出裁决。波兰政府于 2019 年 5 月 24 日向法院提起诉讼，质疑 Digital Single Market 版权指令（Copyright Directive）第 17 条的有效性。挑战认为，要求在线内容共享服务提供商监控用户上传至其平台的内容以确保其不..." }, { "date": "7 July 2021", "title": "Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-07/eppb_guidelines_202007_controllerprocessor_final_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board adopts Guidelines 07/2020 on the concepts of controller and processor in the GDPR (Version 2.0). The Guidelines offer interpretations on the essential concepts of controller, joint controller and processor in order to clearly allocate the duties defined within the GDPR.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPR 中控制者和处理者概念指南 07/2020", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 通过了 GDPR 中控制者和处理者概念指南 07/2020（版本 2.0）。该指南对控制者、共同控制者和处理者的核心概念提供了解释，以便明确划分 GDPR 中规定的职责。" }, { "date": "7 July 2021", "title": "EDPB Guidelines on Virtual Voice Assistants (VVA)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-07/edpb_guidelines_202102_on_vva_v2.0_adopted_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board adopts the Guidelines on Virtual Voice Assistants (VVA) (Version 2.0). A VVA is a service that understands and executes voice commands and hence has access to a huge amount of personal data. The Guideline clarifies that data controllers providing VVA services and their processors must consider both the GDPR and the e-Privacy Directive. For the purpose of executing the user's requests, VAA service providers are exempted from the requirement of prior consent. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 虚拟语音助手 (VVA) 指南", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 通过了虚拟语音助手 (VVA) 指南（版本 2.0）。VVA 是一种理解并执行语音命令的服务，因此可以访问大量个人数据。该指南明确，提供 VVA 服务的数据控制者及其处理者必须同时考虑 GDPR 和 e-Privacy Directive。为执行用户请求，VVA 服务提供者免于事先同意的要求。..." }, { "date": "3 June 2023", "title": "EU consumer protection investigation into WhatsApp regarding new privacy policy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_1302", "description": "On 6 March 2023, the European Commission announced that WhatsApp agreed to fully comply with EU rules by being more transparent on changes to its terms of service and privacy policy. This agreement follows the complaint filed in 2021 by the European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) before the European Commission and the Consumer Protection Cooperation Network (CPC), alleging that WhatsApp forces users to accept its new terms of use and privacy policy. In particular, WhatsApp has committed to clea...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟就新隐私政策对 WhatsApp 的消费者保护调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 6 日，European Commission 宣布 WhatsApp 同意通过提高其服务条款和隐私政策变更的透明度来全面遵守欧盟规则。该协议是在 2021 年 European Consumer Organisation (BEUC) 向 European Commission 和 Consumer Protection Cooperation Network (CPC) 提出投诉之后达成的，该投诉指控 WhatsApp 强迫用户接受其新的使用条款和隐私政策。特别是，WhatsApp 已承诺 clea..." }, { "date": "29 January 2020", "title": "EU toolbox for 5G cybersecurity", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/eu-toolbox-5g-security", "description": "European Commission publishes the EU toolbox for 5G cybersecurity, which includes the possibility for countries to apply restrictions including exclusions for high-risk vendors in core parts of 5G networks, without naming concrete vendors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟 5G 网络安全工具箱", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了欧盟 5G 网络安全工具箱，其中包括允许各国施加限制的可能性，包括在 5G 网络核心部分排除高风险供应商，但未指明具体供应商。" }, { "date": "19 February 2020", "title": "Proposed data protection harmonisation in European Data Strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-european-strategy-data-19feb2020_en.pdf", "description": "In its European Data Strategy, the European Commission promises a cross-sectoral governance framework for data access and use. The aim of the framework is to harmonise across sectors data-related regulation such as data protection standards, cross-border transfer rules and interoperability requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Data Strategy 中提议的数据保护统一化", "description_zh": "在其 European Data Strategy 中，European Commission 承诺建立一个跨部门的数据获取和使用治理框架。该框架的目标是在各部门之间统一与数据相关的监管，例如数据保护标准、跨境传输规则和互操作性要求。" }, { "date": "3 October 2021", "title": "The European Patent Office decision regarding the Patentability of Predictive Computer Programs", "url": "https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/communications/2021/20210310.html", "description": "The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, the highest judicial authority under the European Patent Convention, issued on March 10th the ruling on the G 1/19 case. It assessed the patentability of the \"Simulation of the movement of an autonomous entity through an environment\" brought before the court by the applicant Bentley Systems UK Limited. This was categorised as mixed invention, which includes technical and non-technical features. The patentability, relying on the prese...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Patent Office 关于预测性计算机程序可专利性的决定", "description_zh": "European Patent Office 的 Enlarged Board of Appeal（European Patent Convention 下的最高司法机构）于 3 月 10 日就 G 1/19 案作出裁决。该裁决评估了申请人 Bentley Systems UK Limited 提交的“自主实体在环境中移动的模拟”的可专利性。该申请被归类为混合发明，包括技术特征和非技术特征。可专利性取决于 prese..." }, { "date": "26 August 2021", "title": "EDPS recommendations on EC's proposed Directive on consumer credits", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2021-08/opinion_consumercredit-final_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Supervisor outlined its recommendations on 26 August 2021 on the European Commission's proposal for a Directive on Consumer Credits, issued on 30 June 2021. The proposal's objective is to update the consumer credit rules to address the challenges raised by digitalization and the creation of new credit instruments. The supervisory authority welcomed the proposal and emphasized the need for the legislator to specify the categories of data that may be used in the pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPS 关于 EC 消费者信贷指令提案的建议", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Supervisor 于 2021 年 8 月 26 日概述了其对 European Commission 于 2021 年 6 月 30 日提出的消费者信贷指令提案的建议。该提案的目标是更新消费者信贷规则，以应对数字化和新信贷工具带来的挑战。监管机构对该提案表示欢迎，并强调立法者需要明确可用于 pro... 的数据类别。" }, { "date": "27 September 2021", "title": "EDPB Cookie Banner Taskforce", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2021/edpb-establishes-cookie-banner-taskforce_en", "description": "The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) established a Cookie Banner taskforce with a view on coordinating the response to complaints concerning cookie banners filed with several EEA Supervisory Authorities (SAs) by NOYB - European Center for Digital Rights. The taskforce is meant to coordinate the cooperation, information sharing and best practices between the SAs.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB Cookie Banner Taskforce", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 成立了一个 Cookie Banner 工作组，旨在协调对 NOYB - European Center for Digital Rights 向多个 EEA 监管机构 (SA) 提出的关于 cookie 横幅的投诉的回应。该工作组旨在协调各监管机构之间的合作、信息共享和最佳实践。" }, { "date": "19 May 2022", "title": "EU Audiovisual and Media Services Directive", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_2707", "description": "On 19 May 2021, the European Commission has referred five member states, Czechia, Ireland, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain, to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) as part of infringement procedures for failing to transpose the Audiovisual and Media Services Directive. The Commission has requested that the CJEU impose financial sanctions on the member states in accordance with Article 260(3) TFEU.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Audiovisual and Media Services Directive", "description_zh": "2021 年 5 月 19 日，European Commission 将捷克、爱尔兰、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克和西班牙五个成员国提交至 Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)，作为其未转化 Audiovisual and Media Services Directive 的侵权程序的一部分。委员会要求 CJEU 根据 TFEU 第 260(3) 条对这些成员国处以经济制裁。" }, { "date": "13 October 2021", "title": "EDPB guidelines version 2.0 on restrictions in Art.23 GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-10/edpb_guidelines202010_on_art23_adopted_after_consultation_en.pdf", "description": "The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) has published Version 2.0 of its guidelines on assessing the meaning and scope of 'restrictions' in Art. 23 GDPR following a public consultation on the previous version. Restrictions are defined by the guidelines as any limitation of scope of the rights and obligations in Arts. 12, 22, 34, and (where relevant) 5 of the GDPR. The guidelines contain detailed discussion of the legitimate scope and grounds of restrictions (Art. 23(1)) and the information ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB GDPR 第 23 条限制指南 2.0 版", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 在对前一版本进行公众咨询后，发布了关于评估 GDPR 第 23 条中“限制”的含义和范围的指南 2.0 版。指南将限制定义为对 GDPR 第 12、22、34 条以及（在相关情况下）第 5 条中权利和义务范围的任何限制。指南包含对限制的合法范围和理由（第 23(1) 条）以及信息 ... 的详细讨论。" }, { "date": "10 June 2021", "title": "ECJ Judgement on software decompilation with the purpose of troubleshooting", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=247056", "description": "On 6 October 2021, a judgement was reached by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) regarding Case C 13/20 and the decompilation of software under Article 5(1) of the Software Directive (Council Directive 91/250/EEC). The judgement broadly interprets Article 6 of Directive 91/250 (Computer Programs Directive), allowing the acquirer of a computer program to decompile it with the purpose of correcting errors that hinder the functioning of the software. This right is given under Article 5(1) and i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ECJ 关于为排除故障而进行软件反编译的判决", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 6 日，European Court of Justice (ECJ) 就案件 C 13/20 以及根据 Software Directive (Council Directive 91/250/EEC) 第 5(1) 条进行软件反编译的问题作出判决。该判决对 Directive 91/250（计算机程序指令）第 6 条进行了宽泛解释，允许计算机程序的获取者为纠正阻碍软件运行的错误而对其进行反编译。该权利根据第 5(1) 条授予，并 i..." }, { "date": "15 July 2021", "title": "EDPB Urgent binding decision on Irish DPC measures towards Facebook", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2021/edpb-adopts-urgent-binding-decision-irish-sa-not-take-final-measures-carry-out_en", "description": "The EDPB has issued its first urgent binding decision under Art. 66(2) GDPR regarding the Irish Data Protection Commission's (DPC) measures towards Facebook. Following a request from the Hamburg Data Protection Commissioner, the EDPB has decided on 15 July 2021, that the DPC does not need to adopt final measures against Facebook Ireland concerning Facebook's processing of user data from WhatsApp and its other companies as a joint controller. However, the EDPB also stated that it considered th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于爱尔兰 DPC 对 Facebook 措施的紧急约束性决定", "description_zh": "EDPB 根据 GDPR 第 66(2) 条发布了其首项紧急约束性决定，涉及 Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) 对 Facebook 的措施。应 Hamburg Data Protection Commissioner 的请求，EDPB 于 2021 年 7 月 15 日决定，DPC 无需就 Facebook 作为共同控制者处理来自 WhatsApp 及其其他公司的用户数据一事对 Facebook Ireland 采取最终措施。然而，EDPB 还表示，其认为 th..." }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Fast-track takedown procedure in Law to Combat Hate in the Internet", "url": "https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXVII/I/I_00481/index.shtml#tab-Uebersicht", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the Law to Combat Hate on the Internet (German: Hass-im-Netz-Bekämpfungs-Gesetz – HiNBG) has entered into force. It contains a specific procedure relating to violations of personality rights in the form of hate posting on electronic communications networks. Under the procedure, courts grant an injunction in cases where such a violation is made clear from the evidence provided in the request for an injunction without requiring a prior hearing. The respondent has a 14-day per...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网仇恨打击法》中的快速删除程序", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 1 日，《互联网仇恨打击法》（德语：Hass-im-Netz-Bekämpfungs-Gesetz – HiNBG）生效。该法包含一项关于在电子通信网络上以仇恨帖文形式侵犯人格权的特定程序。根据该程序，法院可在从禁令申请中提供的证据明确看出存在此类侵权的情况下，无需事先听证即可授予禁令。被申请人有 14 天的 per..." }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Communications Platform Law/Law to alter KommAustria Law", "url": "https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXVII/I/I_00463/index.shtml", "description": "The Communications Platform Law/Law to alter KommAustria Law (German: Bundesgesetz, mit dem ein Kommunikationsplattformen-Gesetz erlassen und das\nKommAustria-Gesetz geändert wird) has entered into effect on 1 January 2021.\nThe law requires affected communications platforms to offer a transparent and user-reporting system. Further, the law provides that patently illegal content must be deleted within 24 hours of reporting, while less obviously illegal content must be checked and, in case of il...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Communications Platform Law/KommAustria Law 修正案中的内容审核要求", "description_zh": "Communications Platform Law/KommAustria Law 修正案（德语：Bundesgesetz, mit dem ein Kommunikationsplattformen-Gesetz erlassen und das KommAustria-Gesetz geändert wird）于 2021 年 1 月 1 日生效。\n该法要求受影响的通信平台提供透明且允许用户举报的系统。此外，该法规定，明显非法的内容必须在举报后 24 小时内删除，而较不明显非法的内容必须接受检查，并在 il... 的情况下予以删除。" }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "European Data Protection Board guidelines 05/2021 on whether data processing implies data transfer under the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-052021-interplay-between-application-article-3_en", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the “Guidelines 05/2021 on the Interplay between the application of Article 3 and the provisions on international transfers as per Chapter V of the GDPR (Version 2.0)”. The Guidelines aim to clarify the legal definition of the idea of “transfer of personal data to a third country or an international organization”. The EDPB addresses this ambiguity by identifying three cumulative criteria under which a particular processing...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于 GDPR 下数据处理是否构成数据传输的指南 05/2021", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了“指南 05/2021：GDPR 第 3 条的适用与第五章国际传输条款之间的相互作用（版本 2.0）”。该指南旨在澄清“向第三国或国际组织传输个人数据”这一概念的法律定义。EDPB 通过确定特定处理 ... 的三项累积标准来解决这一模糊性。" }, { "date": "3 September 2021", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 01/2020 on personal data processing by connected vehicles and mobility applications", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-012020-processing-personal-data-context_en", "description": "The Guidelines 01/2020 on processing personal data in the context of connected vehicles and mobility-related applications are adopted by the European Data Protection Board. In particular, the guidelines offer general recommendations on the categories and purposes of utilised data, the right of data subjects and the principles that shall be followed in the design of data processing procedures. Moreover, the Guidelines contains a variety of related case studies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于联网车辆和移动应用处理个人数据的指南 01/2020", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board 通过了关于联网车辆和移动相关应用背景下处理个人数据的指南 01/2020。特别是，该指南对使用数据的类别和目的、数据主体的权利以及数据处理程序设计中应遵循的原则提供了一般性建议。此外，该指南包含各种相关案例研究。" }, { "date": "13 September 2021", "title": "ENISA Methodology for Sectoral Cybersecurity Assessments (SCSA)", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/risky-business-or-a-leap-of-faith-a-risk-based-approach-to-optimise-cybersecurity-certification", "description": "The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published a Methodology for Sectoral Cybersecurity Assessments (SCSA). In particular, the methodology aims to guide the preparation of EU cybersecurity certification schemes for sectoral information and communication technologies (ICTs) infrastructures and ecosystems. The Methodology contains ICTs security assessment guidelines that take into consideration the business processes, the roles of sectoral stakeholders and the differentiated rati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 部门网络安全评估方法 (SCSA)", "description_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了部门网络安全评估方法 (SCSA)。特别是，该方法旨在为指导欧盟部门信息和通信技术 (ICT) 基础设施及生态系统的网络安全认证方案做准备。该方法包含 ICT 安全评估指南，考虑了业务流程、部门利益相关者的角色以及差异化的 rati..." }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 03/2021 on the application of Article 65 GDPR on dispute resolution", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/edpb_guidelines_202103_article65-1-a_v2_en.pdf", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued guidelines on the application of Article 65(1)(a) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Article 65(1)(a) of the GDPR mandates the EDPB to make a binding decision when a Lead Supervisory Authority (LSA) doesn't adhere to a significant and reasoned objection from a Concerned Supervisory Authority (CSA). The mechanism is designed to resolve disagreements among LSAs and CSAs. Further, it aims to ensure consistent GDPR ap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于 GDPR 第 65 条争议解决适用的指南 03/2021", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了关于 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 第 65(1)(a) 条适用问题的指南。GDPR 第 65(1)(a) 条授权 EDPB 在主导监管机构 (LSA) 不遵守有关监管机构 (CSA) 提出的重大且有理由的反对意见时作出具有约束力的决定。该机制旨在解决 LSA 与 CSA 之间的分歧。此外，它旨在确保 GDPR 的一致 ap..." }, { "date": "14 December 2021", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 01/2021 on Examples regarding Data Breach Notification", "url": "https://dataprotection.gov.sk/uoou/sites/default/files/guidelines_on_examples_regarding_personal_data_breach_notification_0.pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2021, the Guidelines on Examples regarding Personal Data Breach Notification are adopted and published by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). In particular, the Guidelines contain a series of case studies on data breaches concerning ransomware, data exfiltration, lost or stolen devices, and human errors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于数据泄露通知示例的指南 01/2021", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 14 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过并发布了关于个人数据泄露通知示例的指南。特别是，该指南包含一系列关于勒索软件、数据外泄、丢失或被盗设备以及人为错误造成的数据泄露的案例研究。" }, { "date": "7 August 2021", "title": "EDPB TikTok Taskforce", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2021/edpb-adopts-guidelines-codes-conduct-tool-transfers-final-versions-guidelines_en", "description": "The TikTok Taskforce established by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) is disbanded in its 51st plenary session.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB TikTok Taskforce", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 设立的 TikTok Taskforce 在其第 51 次全体会议解散。" }, { "date": "18 November 2021", "title": "EDPB statement on Digital Services Package and Data Strategy", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-11/edpb_statement_on_the_digital_services_package_and_data_strategy_en.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2021, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a statement on the EU's recent legislative proposals relating to digital and data governance, including the Digital Services Act, Digital Markets Act, Data Governance Act, the Regulation for a European Approach for Artificial Intelligence, and a soon-to-be-published 'Data Act'. In relation to these proposals, the EDPB calls for increased protection of individual rights in relation to: AI categorisation of individuals acc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于数字服务一揽子计划和数据战略的声明", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 18 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了一份关于欧盟近期与数字和数据治理相关的立法提案的声明，包括 Digital Services Act、Digital Markets Act、Data Governance Act、European Approach for Artificial Intelligence 法规以及即将发布的“Data Act”。针对这些提案，EDPB 呼吁加强对个人权利的保护，涉及：人工智能对个人的分类 acc..." }, { "date": "15 June 2021", "title": "CJEU ruling on powers of non-leading data protection authorities regarding cross-border processing of data", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2021-06/cp210103en.pdf", "description": "On 15 June 2021, the CJEU issued a decision in Case C-645/19 Facebook Ireland vs Belgian Privacy Commission. In particular, the Court assessed whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) permits a Data Protection Authority (DPA), that is not the lead supervisory body, to notify a national court of any alleged breach of the GDPR caused by cross-border data processing. The Court claims that the exercise of the Data Protection Authoritiy powers must be applied within the GDPR scope: in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 关于非主导数据保护机构在跨境数据处理方面的权力的裁决", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 15 日，CJEU 就案件 C-645/19 Facebook Ireland 诉 Belgian Privacy Commission 作出裁决。特别是，法院评估了 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 是否允许非主导监管机构的数据保护机构 (DPA) 将跨境数据处理造成的任何涉嫌违反 GDPR 的行为通知国家法院。法院认为，数据保护机构权力的行使必须在 GDPR 范围内进行：in..." }, { "title": "Data protection for workers in EU Directive on improving working conditions in platform work", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/2831/oj", "description": "On 2 December 2026, Directive (EU) 2024/2831 on improving working conditions in platform work (\"Platform Work Directive\"), including data protection for workers, was implemented. The Member States had until 1 December 2026 to transpose the Directive into national law. Under the Directive, digital platforms are prohibited from processing workers' data on emotional or psychological state, data that could infer sensitive information such as racial or ethnic origin, political or religious beliefs...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU Platform Work Directive 中平台工人的数据保护", "description_zh": "2026 年 12 月 2 日，关于改善平台工作条件的 Directive (EU) 2024/2831（“Platform Work Directive”），包括工人的数据保护，正式实施。成员国须在 2026 年 12 月 1 日前将该指令转化为国内法。根据该指令，数字平台被禁止处理工人的情绪或心理状态数据，以及可能推断出敏感信息的数据，例如种族或民族出身、政治或宗教信仰..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Delegated Act of the Radio Equipment Directive", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32023R2444", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the delegated act to the Radio Equipment Directive enters into force. The European Commission adopted the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2444, postponing the implementation date from 1 August 2024 to 1 August 2025 and expanding the radio equipment subject to the act’s obligations. The act applies to radio equipment that can process personal data, location or traffic data. The act includes cybersecurity requirements for wireless devices to ensure the resilience of communicati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Radio Equipment Directive 的授权法案", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 1 日，Radio Equipment Directive 的授权法案生效。European Commission 通过了 Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/2444，将实施日期从 2024 年 8 月 1 日推迟至 2025 年 8 月 1 日，并扩大了受该法案义务约束的无线电设备范围。该法案适用于能够处理个人数据、位置或流量数据的无线电设备。该法案包括对无线设备的网络安全要求，以确保通信的韧性..." }, { "date": "16 December 2020", "title": "EU Directive for a high common level of cybersecurity (NIS 2)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2020:823:FIN", "description": "The proposal for a Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the EU is published by the European Commission. The proposal substitutes the Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS Directive) and modernises the existing legal framework. In particular, the Directive aims to reduce the regulatory burden for competent authorities and reduce compliance costs for private organisations by minimizing reporting requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟高水平网络安全指令 (NIS 2)", "description_zh": "European Commission 发布了关于在欧盟范围内实现高水平网络安全措施的指令提案。该提案取代了网络和信息系统安全指令 (NIS Directive)，并使现有法律框架现代化。特别是，该指令旨在通过减少报告要求来减轻主管机构的监管负担，并降低私营组织的合规成本。" }, { "date": "15 September 2021", "title": "EC second-stage consultation on protecting people working through platforms", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_2944", "description": "On 15 September 2021, after being opened on 15 June 2021, the European Commission has closed the second-stage consultation concerning the working conditions of people working through digital labour platforms, addressed to European social partners. The consultation covered potential future EU regulations regarding platform work, such as classification of employment status, the use of algorithms to manage work, cross-border platform work, and collective representation. Finally, instruments for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EC 关于保护平台工作者权益的第二阶段磋商", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 15 日，在 2021 年 6 月 15 日开放后，European Commission 结束了关于通过数字劳动平台工作的人员工作条件的第二阶段磋商，该磋商面向欧洲社会伙伴。磋商涵盖了关于平台工作的未来欧盟法规，例如就业状况的分类、使用算法管理工作、跨境平台工作以及集体代表。最后，还讨论了 ..." }, { "date": "22 December 2021", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into legality of data transfers through Google Analytics by Austrian health website", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2022-01/E-DSB%20-%20Google%20Analytics_DE_bk_0.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2021, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) ruled that the transfer of personal data by the EU to the US through the implementation of the \"Google Analytics\" service by an Austrian health topics website is unlawful. In particular, the DSB held that: the website had transferred data that can be considered personal because various data points can be combined to identify a data subject; the Standard Contract Clauses stipulated between the website and Google, containing \"Tec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构就奥地利健康网站通过 Google Analytics 传输数据的合法性展开调查", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 22 日，Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) 裁定，一家奥地利健康主题网站使用“Google Analytics”服务将个人数据从欧盟传输至美国是非法的。特别是，DSB 认定：该网站传输了可被视为个人数据的数据，因为可以将各种数据点组合起来识别数据主体；该网站与 Google 之间订立的 Standard Contract Clauses 包含“Tec..." }, { "date": "17 April 2023", "title": "EDPB guidelines on data subject Right of Access (1/2022)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-012022-data-subject-rights-right-access_en", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the “Guidelines 01/2022 on data subject rights - Right of access”. The Guidelines explain the scope of the right of access under Articles 8 and 15 of the GDPR, general principles of the right of access, general considerations regarding the assessment of access requests, the scope of the right of access and the personal data to which it refers, how controllers can provide access, and limits and restrictions to the right of a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于数据主体访问权指南 (1/2022)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 17 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了“指南 01/2022：数据主体权利——访问权”。该指南解释了 GDPR 第 8 条和第 15 条规定的访问权范围、访问权的一般原则、评估访问请求的一般考虑因素、访问权范围及其涉及的个人数据、控制者如何提供访问，以及对访问权的限制和 a..." }, { "date": "2 February 2022", "title": "General Data Protection Regulation Certified Assurance Report based on Processing Activities (GDPR-CARPA)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2022/edpb-adopts-first-opinion-certification-criteria_en", "description": "On 2 February 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published its first opinion regarding a national certification scheme. The opinion was published in response to a submission from the Supervisory Authority of Luxembourg on its General Data Protection Regulation Certified Assurance Report based on Processing Activities (GDPR-CARPA). The GDPR-CARPA represents a general scheme that contains specific requirements regarding data protection governance and criteria that have to be met by...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基于处理活动的 General Data Protection Regulation 认证保证报告 (GDPR-CARPA)", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 2 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了其首份关于国家认证计划的意见。该意见是针对 Luxembourg 监管机构提交的基于处理活动的 General Data Protection Regulation 认证保证报告 (GDPR-CARPA) 而发布的。GDPR-CARPA 代表了一项总体计划，包含数据保护治理的具体要求以及必须由 ... 满足的标准。" }, { "date": "14 December 2021", "title": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity report on securing machine learning algorithms", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/artificial-intelligence-how-to-make-machine-learning-cyber-secure", "description": "On 14 December 2021, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (EUAC) published the Securing Machine Learning Algorithms report. In the report, the EU provides a taxonomy of machine learning (ML) techniques, presents the core functionalities and specifies the cyber security threats that ML techniques are vulnerable to. Furthermore, the EUAC outlines a list of relevant security controls that it recommends implementing to protect from cyberattacks the systems based on ML techniques. The EUAC ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity 关于保护机器学习算法安全的报告", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 14 日，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (EUAC) 发布了《保护机器学习算法安全》报告。在该报告中，欧盟提供了机器学习 (ML) 技术的分类法，介绍了核心功能，并明确了 ML 技术容易受到的网络安全威胁。此外，EUAC 列出了一系列建议实施的相关安全控制措施，以保护基于 ML 技术的系统免受网络攻击。EUAC ..." }, { "date": "3 April 2022", "title": "Blocking of Russia Today and Sputnik in EU Council Regulation amending Regulation (EU) No 833/2014", "url": "https://berec.europa.eu/eng/news_and_publications/whats_new/9321-berec-open-internet-regulation-is-not-an-obstacle-in-implementing-eu-sanctions-to-block-rt-and-sputnik", "description": "The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) published an opinion regarding the implementation of ban on Russia Today and Sputnik in the amendment of Regulation (EU) No 833/2014. BEREC stated that net neutrality rules do not prohibit the blocking of Russia Today and Sputnik. Specifically, Article 3(3) of the EU Open Internet Regulation (2015/2120) allows internet access service providers to adopt measures to limit traffic for specific content or services in order to c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU Council Regulation 修订 Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 以封锁 Russia Today 和 Sputnik", "description_zh": "Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) 发布了一项意见，涉及在 Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 修正案中实施对 Russia Today 和 Sputnik 的禁令。BEREC 表示，网络中立规则并不禁止封锁 Russia Today 和 Sputnik。特别是，EU Open Internet Regulation (2015/2120) 第 3(3) 条允许互联网接入服务提供商采取措施限制特定内容或服务的流量，以便 c..." }, { "date": "22 February 2022", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 04/2021 on Codes of Conduct as tool for data transfers", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-042021-codes-conduct-tools-transfers_en", "description": "On 22 February 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the second version of the guidelines 04/2021 on Codes of Conduct as tools for transfers, following a public consultation on the first version published on 7 July 2021. The guidelines outline the conditions for transferring personal data to countries outside the European Union (EU) based on a code of conduct. Furthermore, it provides clarifications regarding the role of the actors involved in the development of a code of c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于行为守则作为数据传输工具的指南 04/2021", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 22 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了关于行为守则作为数据传输工具的指南 04/2021 的第二版，此前于 2021 年 7 月 7 日发布的第一版经过了公众咨询。该指南概述了基于行为守则将个人数据传输至 European Union (EU) 以外国家的条件。此外，它还提供了关于参与制定行为守则的各方作用的澄清 ..." }, { "title": "EU Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1385", "description": "On 14 June 2027, the EU Directive on combating violence against women and domestic violence enters into force. The Directive criminalises various forms of violence against women, including online abuse, and ensures support for victims. Specifically, the Directive requires Member States to criminalise the online non-consensual sharing of intimate materials and the manipulation of material such as to make it appear, for instance, that a person engages in sexually explicit activities. Further, t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟关于打击暴力侵害妇女和家庭暴力的指令", "description_zh": "2027 年 6 月 14 日，欧盟关于打击暴力侵害妇女和家庭暴力的指令生效。该指令将各种形式的暴力侵害妇女行为（包括网络虐待）定为犯罪，并确保为受害者提供支持。特别是，该指令要求成员国将未经同意的在线分享亲密材料以及操纵材料（例如使其看起来某人从事露骨性活动）定为犯罪。此外，t..." }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "EDPB Guidelines on dark patterns in social media platform interfaces", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-032022-deceptive-design-patterns-social-media_en", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the “Guidelines 03/2022 on Deceptive design patterns in social media platform interfaces: how to recognise and avoid them (version 2.0)”. The main purpose of the Guidelines is to provide recommendations to actors such as social media providers, designers and users of social media platforms on assessing and avoiding “deceptive design patterns” in social media interfaces that violate GDPR requirements. Specifically, \"decepti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于社交媒体平台界面中暗模式的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了“指南 03/2022：社交媒体平台界面中的欺骗性设计模式——如何识别和避免（版本 2.0）”。该指南的主要目的是向社交媒体提供者、社交媒体平台的设计者和用户等主体提供建议，以评估和避免社交媒体界面中违反 GDPR 要求的“欺骗性设计模式”。特别是，“decepti..." }, { "title": "Cyber Resilience Act", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj", "description": "On 11 December 2027, Regulation 2024/2847 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 and (EU) No 2019/1020 and the Cyber Resilience Act (2020/1828) enters into force. The EU Regulation (2024/2847) on the Cyber Resilience Act aims to enhance the cybersecurity of products with digital elements by establishing uniform cybersecurity requirements across the EU. The regulation applies to all products with digital elements, inclu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cyber Resilience Act", "description_zh": "2027 年 12 月 11 日，关于数字元素产品横向网络安全要求的 Regulation 2024/2847（修订 Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 和 (EU) No 2019/1020）以及 Cyber Resilience Act (2020/1828) 生效。欧盟关于 Cyber Resilience Act 的 Regulation (2024/2847) 旨在通过在欧盟范围内建立统一的网络安全要求来增强数字元素产品的网络安全。该法规适用于所有具有数字元素的产品，包括 ..." }, { "date": "5 September 2022", "title": "EU Regulation on standard-essential patents (SEP)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13109-Intellectual-property-new-framework-for-standard-essential-patents_en", "description": "On 9 May 2022, the European Commission closed the consultation on the proposal of a regulation on the EU framework for standard-essential patents (SEP). The regulation would impact the regulation of standard-essential patents (SEP), which are the patents protecting technology considered essential to a standard. In particular, the proposal aims to make the system for licensing SEPs more transparent, predictable and efficient by renewing the licensing framework and finding a balance between pro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟关于标准必要专利 (SEP) 的法规", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 9 日，European Commission 结束了关于欧盟标准必要专利 (SEP) 框架法规提案的磋商。该法规将影响标准必要专利 (SEP) 的监管，SEP 是保护被视为标准所必需的技术的专利。特别是，该提案旨在通过更新许可框架并在 pro... 之间找到平衡，使 SEP 许可制度更加透明、可预测和高效。" }, { "date": "13 April 2022", "title": "ENISA Report on national Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) policies", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/enisa-news/coordinated-vulnerability-disclosure-policies-in-the-eu", "description": "On 13 April 2022, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published a report on the EU Member States’ Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) policies. The Report outlines the problems ENISA identified at the national level and lists several policy recommendations to address them. The CVD is a process by which researchers work with information and communications technology vendors and infrastructure owners, to inform them of security vulnerabilities. In this process, the vulner...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 关于国家协调漏洞披露 (CVD) 政策的报告", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 13 日，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了关于欧盟成员国协调漏洞披露 (CVD) 政策的报告。该报告概述了 ENISA 在国家层面发现的问题，并列出了解决这些问题的几项政策建议。CVD 是研究人员与信息和通信技术供应商及基础设施所有者合作，向其通报安全漏洞的过程。在此过程中，vulner..." }, { "date": "6 July 2022", "title": "Fair remuneration provisions and transparency obligations in DSM Copyright Directive (Articles 18-19)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj", "description": "On 7 June 2022, the transparency obligation outlined in Article 19 of the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market take effect. The Directive was adopted on 6 June 2019 after being published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 15 May 2019. Article 19 states that the Member States should ensure that authors and performers licensing or transferring their copyrights receive at least once a year information regarding the exploitation of their works. Auth...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSM Copyright Directive 中的公平报酬条款和透明度义务（第 18-19 条）", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 7 日，Digital Single Market 版权和相关权利指令第 19 条规定的透明度义务生效。该指令于 2019 年 6 月 6 日通过，此前于 2019 年 5 月 15 日在欧盟 Official Journal 上发布。第 19 条规定，成员国应确保许可或转让其版权的作者和表演者每年至少收到一次关于其作品利用情况的信息。Auth..." }, { "date": "6 July 2021", "title": "Copyright exceptions in Digital Single Market (DSM) Copyright directive", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/790/oj", "description": "On 7 June 2021, the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market enters into force after being published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 15 May 2019. The directive introduces three exceptions from copyright protection. Specifically, the exceptions are for digital and cross-border teaching activities, cultural heritage preservation and text and data mining conducted for research purposes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Single Market (DSM) Copyright Directive 中的版权例外", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 7 日，Digital Single Market 版权和相关权利指令在 2019 年 5 月 15 日于欧盟 Official Journal 上发布后生效。该指令引入了版权保护的三种例外。具体而言，例外适用于数字和跨境教学活动、文化遗产保护以及为研究目的进行的文本和数据挖掘。" }, { "date": "16 April 2022", "title": "ENISA report on cybersecurity risk management standards", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/risk-management-standards", "description": "On 16 April 2022, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published a report providing a comprehensive review of existing risk management standards, followed by descriptions of approaches and technologies that can be employed to comply with or implement these standards. The study can be used as a compass for risk management and aims to display methodologies for enterprises in their attempts aiming to secure internal risk management or develop cybersecurity certification schemes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 关于网络安全风险管理标准的报告", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 16 日，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了一份报告，全面审查了现有的风险管理标准，随后描述了可用于遵守或实施这些标准的方法和技术。该研究可作为风险管理的指南，旨在展示企业用于确保内部风险管理或制定网络安全认证计划的方法论。" }, { "date": "28 April 2022", "title": "CJEU Preliminary Ruling on consumer protection association's standing against Meta", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/GA/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62020CJ0319", "description": "On 28 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has issued a preliminary ruling concerning a case referred by the German Federal Court of Justice in a case on the standing of the Verbraucherverband Bundeszentrale (the Federation of German Consumer Organisations) to enter into proceedings against Meta for breaches of the GDPR. At issue was whether such an association is entitled to bring proceedings for breaches of the GDPR regarding infringements of specific data subject r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CJEU 关于消费者保护协会对 Meta 诉讼资格的初步裁决", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 28 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就 German Federal Court of Justice 提交的案件发布了初步裁决，该案涉及 Verbraucherverband Bundeszentrale（德国消费者组织联合会）对 Meta 提起 GDPR 违规诉讼的诉讼资格。问题在于此类协会是否有权就侵犯特定数据主体 r... 的 GDPR 违规行为提起诉讼。" }, { "date": "5 February 2022", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into IP anonymisation as safeguard for and \"risk based approach\" to data transfers", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2022-04/Bescheid%20geschw%C3%A4rzt.pdf", "description": "On 2 May 2022, the Austrian Data Protection Authority issued a ruling refuting IP anonymisation as a safeguard for data transfers from the EU to the United States. The authority rejected arguments by Google that websites using its tools, such as Google Analytics, could activate IP anonymisation as a protection measure for data transfers. The authority argued that the anonymisation occurs after Google receives the data and that other identifiers, such as cookies, are not anonymised. In additio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构就 IP 匿名化作为数据传输保障及“基于风险的方法”展开调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 2 日，Austrian Data Protection Authority 发布了一项裁决，驳斥了 IP 匿名化作为从欧盟向美国传输数据保障措施的观点。该机构驳回了 Google 的观点，即使用其工具（例如 Google Analytics）的网站可以将 IP 匿名化激活为数据传输的保护措施。该机构认为，匿名化发生在 Google 收到数据之后，且其他标识符（例如 cookie）并未匿名化。此外，..." }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Regulation laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/11/26/child-sexual-abuse-council-reaches-position-on-law-protecting-children-from-online-abuse/", "description": "On 26 November 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted its position on the Proposal for a Regulation laying down rules to prevent and combat child sexual abuse. The Regulation applies to online service providers and search engines, introducing obligations to assess risks of misuse, implement mitigating measures, and classify services as high, medium, or low risk. Under the Council’s general approach, national authorities may order the removal or blocking of material or the delisting o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于预防和打击儿童性虐待规则的法规", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 26 日，Council of the European Union 通过了关于预防和打击儿童性虐待规则法规提案的立场。该法规适用于在线服务提供商和搜索引擎，引入了评估滥用风险、实施缓解措施以及将服务分类为高、中或低风险的义务。根据 Council 的总体方案，国家当局可下令删除或屏蔽材料，或将其 delisting o..." }, { "date": "5 December 2022", "title": "EU-Japan Digital Partnership", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/05/12/joint-statement-eu-japan-summit-2022/", "description": "On 12 May 2022, the EU and Japan issued a joint statement on the conclusion of the EU-Japan Summit 2022, announcing the launch of the EU-Japan Digital Partnership. The partnership aims to facilitate cooperation regarding the digital economy, including 5/6G, artificial intelligence, data privacy including cross-border data flows and green data infrastructures. The progress of the partnership will be assessed on a yearly basis.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-Japan Digital Partnership", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 12 日，欧盟和日本就 EU-Japan Summit 2022 的结束发表了联合声明，宣布启动 EU-Japan Digital Partnership。该伙伴关系旨在促进数字经济领域的合作，包括 5/6G、人工智能、数据隐私（包括跨境数据流动）和绿色数据基础设施。该伙伴关系的进展将每年进行评估。" }, { "date": "5 November 2022", "title": "Report on Open RAN Security concerning the Cybersecurity of 5G networks", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2881", "description": "On 11 May 2022, the Member States of the EU, in collaboration with the European Commission, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and the EU Agency for Cybersecurity published a report on the \"Cybersecurity of Open RAN\". Open RAN is a type of 5G network architecture and the report analyses the opportunities and security challenges that are associated with it. To mitigate risks and leverage opportunities, the report suggests the following actions based on the EU 5G Toolbox: scrut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-Japan Digital Partnership", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 12 日，欧盟和日本就 EU-Japan Summit 2022 的结束发表了联合声明，宣布启动 EU-Japan Digital Partnership。该伙伴关系旨在促进数字经济领域的合作，包括 5/6G、人工智能、数据隐私（包括跨境数据流动）和绿色数据基础设施。该伙伴关系的进展将每年进行评估。" }, { "date": "7 May 2022", "title": "Open Finance Framework and Data Sharing in the financial sector", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13241-Open-finance-framework-enabling-data-sharing-and-third-party-access-in-the-financial-sector/public-consultation_en", "description": "On 5 July 2022, the European Commission closed its consultation on a new framework concerning open finance networks and data sharing in the financial sector. The consultation started on 5 May 2022. The consultation aims to evaluate and review the Payment Services Directive (PSD2), which regulates digital payment providers' authentication processes when handling electronic transactions, especially when there is third-party involvement. Particularly, the consultation takes into consideration th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Open Finance Framework 和金融领域数据共享", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 5 日，European Commission 结束了关于金融领域开放金融网络和数据共享新框架的磋商。磋商于 2022 年 5 月 5 日开始。该磋商旨在评估和审查 Payment Services Directive (PSD2)，该指令规范了数字支付提供商在处理电子交易时的认证流程，特别是在涉及第三方时。磋商特别考虑了 th..." }, { "date": "19 May 2022", "title": "EU Commission Infringement Procedure Against Member States on Transposition of EU Copyright Directives", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_2692", "description": "On 19 May 2022, the EU Commission has sent reasoned opinions to a number of member states as part of its infringement procedures for their failure to transpose two EU Copyright Directives, the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market (Directive 2019/790/EU) and the Directive on Copyright and Related Rights Applicable to Certain Online Transmissions (Directive 2019/789/EU), into national law. The countries targeted by the reasoned opinion regarding the EU Copyright in the Digital Si...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU Commission 就成员国转化欧盟版权指令的侵权程序", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 19 日，EU Commission 向多个成员国发送了合理意见，作为其侵权程序的一部分，原因是这些国家未能将两项欧盟版权指令（Digital Single Market 版权指令 (Directive 2019/790/EU) 和适用于某些在线传输的版权及相关权利指令 (Directive 2019/789/EU)）转化为国内法。这些国家包括..." }, { "date": "31 May 2022", "title": "Puls 4 lawsuit against Youtube regarding copyright infringement liability", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Justiz/JJT_20210917_OGH0002_0040OB00132_21X0000_000/JJT_20210917_OGH0002_0040OB00132_21X0000_000.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2022, the Austrian Supreme Court of Justice ruled that Youtube cannot be held liable for infringing videos uploaded by users, as long as it is not aware of its infringements. In the present case, the Austrian television channel Puls 4 filed a complaint against Youtube, aiming for Youtube to be held liable for copyright infringement by users who uploaded Puls 4 material without authorisation. YouTube, on the other hand, relied on the host service provider's liability privilege and th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Puls 4 诉 Youtube 版权侵权责任案", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 31 日，奥地利最高法院裁定，只要 Youtube 不知道其侵权行为，就不能对用户上传的侵权视频承担责任。在该案中，奥地利电视频道 Puls 4 对 Youtube 提起诉讼，要求 Youtube 对用户未经授权上传 Puls 4 材料的行为承担版权侵权责任。Youtube 则依赖托管服务提供商的责任豁免，并 th..." }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 04/2022 on the calculation of administrative fines under the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-06/edpb_guidelines_042022_calculationofadministrativefines_en.pdf", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the final version of the Guidelines on the calculation of administrative fines aiming to standardise the approach used by supervisory authorities when determining the amount of fines for infringements. The Guidelines complement existing ones and focus on when to impose fines. In particular, the EDPB developed a five-step methodology for calculating administrative fines for GDPR violations. This involves identifying the processi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于 GDPR 行政罚款计算的指南 04/2022", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了关于行政罚款计算的最终版指南，旨在标准化监管机构在确定违规罚款金额时使用的方法。该指南补充了现有指南，重点关注何时处以罚款。特别是，EDPB 制定了计算 GDPR 违规行政罚款的五步方法。这包括确定处理 ..." }, { "date": "21 June 2022", "title": "TikTok EU Consumer Protection Practices", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_3823", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the EU Commission announced that TikTok, following dialogues with the Commission and national consumer protection authorities, had agreed to align its practices with EU advertising and consumer protection rules. The Commission lists a number of new commitments, including the prohibition of the promotion of inappropriate products, the review of content from users with more than 10,000 followers, the use of a new label to identify paid advertisements, and the possibility of rep...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TikTok 欧盟消费者保护实践", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 21 日，EU Commission 宣布，在与委员会和国家消费者保护机构对话后，TikTok 同意使其做法符合欧盟广告和消费者保护规则。委员会列出了一系列新承诺，包括禁止推广不当产品、审查拥有超过 10,000 名粉丝的用户内容、使用新标签识别付费广告，以及 rep... 的可能性。" }, { "date": "26 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 5/2022 on privacy issues in the use of facial recognition", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-052022-use-facial-recognition-technology-area_en", "description": "On 26 April 2023, European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Guidelines 05/2022 on the use of facial recognition technology in the area of law enforcement. In the Guidelines, the EDPB analyses the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) by law enforcement authorities (LEAs). The EDPB points out the legal framework for the use of FRT in the GDPR and the potential interaction with rights from EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as important legal background for the Law Enforcement Direct...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于面部识别技术隐私问题的指南 5/2022", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 26 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了关于在执法领域使用面部识别技术的指南 05/2022。在该指南中，EDPB 分析了执法机构 (LEA) 使用面部识别技术 (FRT) 的情况。EDPB 指出，GDPR 中使用 FRT 的法律框架以及与欧盟基本权利宪章权利的潜在相互作用是执法指令的重要法律背景..." }, { "date": "27 June 2022", "title": "Regulatory sandbox on AI", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/first-regulatory-sandbox-artificial-intelligence-presented", "description": "On 27 June 2022, the Spanish government and European Commission jointly presented the first regulatory sandbox on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The sandbox aims to facilitate exchange between authorities and AI innovators to develop best practices in view of the upcoming implementation of the AI Act, concerning the development, testing and validation of AI systems. In addition, the European Commission will establish an expert group on AI and digitisation. The results of the pilot including gu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管沙盒", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 27 日，西班牙政府和 European Commission 联合展示了首个人工智能监管沙盒。该沙盒旨在促进监管机构与人工智能创新者之间的交流，以在即将实施 AI Act 的背景下开发最佳实践，涉及人工智能系统的开发、测试和验证。此外，European Commission 将建立一个人工智能和数字化专家组。试点结果包括 gu..." }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Enforcement cooperation framework for GDPR cases of \"strategic importance\"", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/internal-documents/edpb-document-process-guide-selection-and-handling_en", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published updated criteria for selecting cross-border cases of “strategic importance” to allow strategic enforcement cooperation between EU Data Protection Authorities. The updated version contains information on case selection, working on a strategic case as well as on closing a strategic case. The strategic cases can be proposed by any European Supervisory Authority whenever a case overlaps with other areas of law, affects a lar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPR “战略重要性”案件的执法合作框架", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 12 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了更新后的“战略重要性”跨境案件选择标准，以允许欧盟数据保护机构之间的战略执法合作。更新版本包含有关案件选择、处理战略案件以及结案的信息。当案件与其他法律领域重叠、影响大量数据主体或涉及新技术时，任何欧洲监管机构均可提议将其作为战略案件。" }, { "date": "8 January 2022", "title": "CJEU interpretation of special categories of personal data and sensitive data in Preliminary Proceedings C-184/20", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=263721&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=481514", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary ruling in case C-184/20 filed by the Regional Administrative Court of Vilnius regarding, in part, the issue of the interpretation of the special categories of personal data, the processing of which is prohibited under Article 9(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Administrative Court asked whether the GDPR precludes national law from requiring declarations of private interests to be m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 初步程序 C-184/20 中对个人数据特殊类别和敏感数据的解释", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 1 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就案件 C-184/20 发布了初步裁决，该案由 Vilnius 地区行政法院提起，部分涉及对 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 第 9(1) 条禁止处理的个人数据特殊类别的解释。行政法院询问 GDPR 是否禁止国内法要求申报私人利益以 m..." }, { "title": "Regulation (EU) 2025/327 establishing a European Health Data Space (EHDS) including rules for portability and sharing of health data", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32025R0327", "description": "On 26 March 2035, Article 75(5) of the European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation (2025/327) enters into force. Third countries or international organisations may become authorised participants in HealthData@EU if they comply with the Regulation's rules and provide equivalent access to health data users in the EU. The European Commission will be responsible for assessing and determining compliance through implementing acts, ensuring that these entities meet the necessary legal, technical, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Regulation (EU) 2025/327 建立 European Health Data Space (EHDS)，包括健康数据可携带性和共享规则", "description_zh": "2035 年 3 月 26 日，European Health Data Space (EHDS) Regulation (2025/327) 第 75(5) 条生效。第三国或国际组织如果遵守该法规的规则并向欧盟健康数据用户提供同等的健康数据访问权限，则可成为 HealthData@EU 的授权参与者。European Commission 将负责通过实施法案评估和确定合规性，确保这些实体满足必要的法律、技术和 a... 要求。" }, { "date": "20 September 2022", "title": "CJEU judgment on traffic data retention by electronic communications operators", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=265882&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=795763", "description": "On 20 September 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled in Joined Cases C-339/20 and C-397/20 that the Market Abuse Regulation does not preempt the Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive, and it does not allow for “general and indiscriminate retention” of traffic data by communications services providers. The CJEU’s judgment followed a request for a preliminary ruling by the French Cour de cassation on 1 April 2020 in the criminal proceedings against VD (C 339/2...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 关于电子通信运营商保留流量数据的判决", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 20 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 在合并案件 C-339/20 和 C-397/20 中裁定，Market Abuse Regulation 不排除 Privacy and Electronic Communications Directive 的适用，且不允许通信服务提供商“普遍且无差别地”保留流量数据。CJEU 的判决是在 French Cour de cassation 于 2020 年 4 月 1 日提出的初步裁决请求之后作出的，该请求涉及对 VD 的刑事诉讼（C 339/2...）。" }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "User speech right in European Media Freedom Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/first-eu-rulebook-protect-media-independence-and-pluralism-enters-force", "description": "On 8 August 2025, the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) enters into force. The EMFA aims to increase and promote transparency regarding media ownership and establish safeguards for editorial independence and media pluralism. The EMFA introduces safeguards against the \"unjustified removal\" of content produced by media services providers that meet the \"editorial standards\" in the Member state in which the provider is established. The EMFA requires very large platforms, defined in the Digital Se...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Media Freedom Act 中的用户言论权利", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 8 日，European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) 生效。EMFA 旨在增加和促进媒体所有权的透明度，并建立编辑独立性和媒体多元化的保障措施。EMFA 引入了对“无正当理由删除”媒体服务提供者在其设立成员国符合“编辑标准”的内容的保障措施。EMFA 要求超大型平台（定义见 Digital Se...）..." }, { "date": "20 September 2022", "title": "ECJ preliminary ruling on general retention time of traffic and location data", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-09/cp220156en.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2022, a preliminary ruling was reached by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) regarding the Joined Cases C-793/19 ECJ/SpaceNet and C-794/19/Telekom Deutschland on the general and indiscriminate retention of traffic and location data. The judgement states that the general and indiscriminate preventative retention by telecommunications providers of traffic and location data on public security grounds introduced by the German Law on Telecommunications is precluded by EU Law. Howe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ECJ 关于流量和位置数据一般保留时间的初步裁决", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 20 日，European Court of Justice (ECJ) 就合并案件 C-793/19 ECJ/SpaceNet 和 C-794/19/Telekom Deutschland 作出初步裁决，涉及流量和位置数据的普遍和无差别保留。判决认为，German Law on Telecommunications 引入的电信提供商基于公共安全理由对流量和位置数据进行普遍和无差别预防性保留被欧盟法排除。然而，..." }, { "date": "10 October 2022", "title": "Further harmonisation of rules under EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/letters/edpb-letter-eu-commission-procedural-aspects-could-be_en", "description": "On 10 October 2022, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB), comprising privacy agencies of the respective EU Member States, sent a formal request to the European Commission for new rules, as well as clarification and harmonisation of existing rules on procedures that differ among the Member States under the GDPR. The new rules and clarifications would strengthen the enforcement of the GDPR in international cases and improve cross-boundary cooperation on data protection within the EU.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 规则的进一步协调", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 10 日，由各自欧盟成员国隐私机构组成的 European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 向 European Commission 发送了正式请求，要求制定新规则并澄清和协调 GDPR 下成员国之间不同的现有程序规则。这些新规则和澄清将加强 GDPR 在国际案件中的执行，并改善欧盟内部的跨境数据保护合作。" }, { "date": "10 December 2022", "title": "G7 compendium of approaches to improving competition in digital markets 2022", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2022/12_10_2022_G7.html", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the German competition authority, as part of the G7's German Presidency and the Digital Competition Enforcers and Policy Makers Summit, published a Compendium of approaches to improving competition in digital markets. This is the second edition, with the first being released by the UK Competition and Market Authority on 29 November 2021. The Competition authorities of Australia, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, th...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 改善数字市场竞争方法汇编 2022", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 12 日，德国竞争管理机构作为 G7 德国主席国和数字竞争执法者与政策制定者峰会的一部分，发布了改善数字市场竞争方法的汇编。这是第二版，第一版由 UK Competition and Market Authority 于 2021 年 11 月 29 日发布。澳大利亚、加拿大、European Union、法国、德国、印度、意大利、日本、南非、South Korea、th... 的竞争管理机构参与了该汇编。" }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Updated Guidelines on personal data breach notification under GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-04/edpb_guidelines_202209_personal_data_breach_notification_v2.0_en.pdf", "description": "On 28 March 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Version 2 of the Guidelines 09/2022 on personal data breach notification under GDPR, amending the guidelines to specify the obligations of data controllers concerning data breach notifications at non-EU establishments. The Guidelines specify that the presence of a data controller representative in a Member State does not trigger the one-stop-shop system, which allows reporting a data breach only to the EU lead supervisory...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPR 下个人数据泄露通知更新指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 28 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了指南 09/2022 关于 GDPR 下个人数据泄露通知的版本 2，修订了指南以明确非欧盟设立机构的数据控制者在数据泄露通知方面的义务。指南明确，控制者代表在成员国的存在不会触发一站式商店机制，该机制允许仅向欧盟牵头监管机构报告数据泄露。" }, { "date": "20 October 2022", "title": "CJEU Case C-77/21 on GDPR purpose and storage limitation regulation", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?mode=DOC&pageIndex=0&docid=267405&part=1&doclang=DE&text=&dir=&occ=first&cid=1427561", "description": "On 20 October 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary ruling in Case C-77/21 on the interpretation of the GDPR's purpose (Art.5(1)(b)) and storage limitation (Art.5(1)(e)) principles. The reference for a preliminary ruling was filed by the Hungarian Budapest-Capital Regional Court, and concerned the data processing practices of a leading Hungarian internet service provider. The provider had created a database copying existing customer data with the intenti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 案件 C-77/21 关于 GDPR 目的和存储限制规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 20 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就案件 C-77/21 发布了初步裁决，涉及对 GDPR 目的（第 5(1)(b) 条）和存储限制（第 5(1)(e) 条）原则的解释。 preliminary ruling 的请求由 Hungarian Budapest-Capital Regional Court 提起，涉及一家领先的匈牙利互联网服务提供商的数据处理实践。该提供商创建了一个复制现有客户数据的数据库，意图为 ..." }, { "date": "17 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 8/2022 on identifying a controller or processor’s lead supervisory authority", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-82022-identifying-controller-or-processors-lead_en", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published Version 2 of the “Guidelines 8/2022 on identifying a controller or processor’s lead supervisory authority”. The Guidelines highlight the importance of identifying a lead supervisory authority where a controller or processor is carrying out cross-border processing of personal data as defined in Article 4(23) of the GDPR. The Guidelines define “lead supervisory authority” as the authority with the primary responsibility for d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 指南 8/2022 关于确定控制者或处理者的牵头监管机构", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 17 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了“指南 8/2022：确定控制者或处理者的牵头监管机构”的版本 2。指南强调了在控制者或处理者进行 GDPR 第 4(23) 条定义的跨境处理个人数据时确定牵头监管机构的重要性。指南将“牵头监管机构”定义为对确保 d... 负有主要责任的机构。" }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "Case C-129/21 on obligations of controllers of personal data in relation to erasure requests", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-10/cp220171en.pdf", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued its preliminary ruling in Case C-129/21 on the obligations of controllers of personal data in relation to erasure requests. The case originally concerned a subscriber to a Belgian telecommunications service who had requested for their personal data to be removed from public access. The CJEU was asked to issue a preliminary ruling on the type of consent required for publication of such subscriber data, and on the requ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案件 C-129/21 关于个人数据控制者在删除请求方面的义务", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 27 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就案件 C-129/21 发布了初步裁决，涉及个人数据控制者在删除请求方面的义务。该案最初涉及一名比利时电信服务的订阅者，该订阅者要求删除其个人数据。CJEU 被要求就公布此类订阅者数据所需的同意类型以及控制者在收到删除请求后必须采取的措施发布初步裁决。" }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Data-sharing measures in Regulation on data collection and sharing for short-term accommodation rental services", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/03/18/tourism-council-gives-its-final-approval-to-the-regulation-for-short-term-rentals/", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the regulation on data collection and sharing for short-term accommodation rentals, including data-sharing measures. The regulation aims to harmonise and streamline the framework for data generation and data sharing on short-term accommodation rental services across the EU through the creation of a national \"single digital entry point\" for the transmission of data between online short-term rental platforms and the public authorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于短期住宿租赁服务数据收集和共享法规中的数据共享措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 18 日，Council of the European Union 通过了关于短期住宿租赁服务数据收集和共享的法规，包括数据共享措施。该法规旨在通过创建国家“单一数字入口点”来协调和简化整个欧盟短期住宿租赁服务数据生成和数据共享的框架，用于在线短期租赁平台与公共当局之间的数据传输。" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "EU Cyber Defence Policy and Action Plan on Military Mobility", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/64526/st09618-en23.pdf", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the Council of the EU adopted Conclusions to the EU Policy on Cyber Defence. The Policy intends to address the worsening security environment after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and boost the EU's capacity to protect its citizens and infrastructure. The Council emphasised the need for collaborative efforts across the EU to further strengthen cyber security and focus on full-spectrum defensive cyber defence capabilities, including resilient critical infrastructure. The Counci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Cyber Defence Policy 和 Military Mobility 行动计划", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，EU Council 通过了关于欧盟网络防御政策的结论。该政策旨在应对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后恶化的安全环境，并增强欧盟保护其公民和基础设施的能力。Council 强调了整个欧盟加强网络安全合作以及关注全频谱防御网络防御能力（包括弹性关键基础设施）的必要性。Counci..." }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Regulation on digital operational resilience for the financial sector (DORA)", "url": "http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2554/oj", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Regulation on digital operational resilience for the financial sector (DORA), including cybersecurity measures is implemented. The Regulation lays down uniform obligations regarding security, risk management, monitoring and information sharing of information and communication technology (ICT) and network systems related to financial activities. The Regulation aims to harmonise ICT-related risk management tools, methods, processes and policies at the European level by d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融领域数字运营韧性法规 (DORA) 中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，关于金融领域数字运营韧性的法规 (DORA)，包括网络安全措施，正式实施。该法规规定了与金融活动相关的信息和通信技术 (ICT) 和网络系统的安全、风险管理、监测和信息共享的统一义务。该法规旨在通过在欧盟层面统一 ICT 相关风险管理工具、方法、流程和政策来协调 d..." }, { "date": "11 October 2022", "title": "EDPS Opinion on proposed Cyber Resilience Act", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/opinions/2022-11-10-horizontal-cybersecurity-requirements-products-digital-elements_en", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) published its Opinion on the Proposal for a European Cyber Resilience Act. The EDPS reiterated the appropriate level of security for the processing of personal data according to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In relation to the certification and standardisation of cybersecurity in the Proposal, the EDPS suggests clarifying the relations between the relevant governing bodies and that the proposed European cy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPS 关于拟议 Cyber Resilience Act 的意见", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 10 日，European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) 发布了关于 European Cyber Resilience Act 提案的意见。EDPS 重申了根据 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 处理个人数据时应达到适当安全水平的要求。关于提案中的网络安全认证和标准化，EDPS 建议澄清相关管理机构之间的关系，并建议拟议的欧洲网络 ..." }, { "date": "16 November 2022", "title": "European Central Bank framework for assessing systemic cyber risk", "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/financial-stability/fsr/special/html/ecb.fsrart202211_03~9a8452e67a.en.html#toc7", "description": "On 16 November 2022, the European Central Bank (ECB) released a publication titled \"Towards a framework for assessing systemic cyber risks\" as part of the Financial Stability Review of November 2022. The publication reviews the financial stability implications of cyber risks and notes that cyberattacks have a cross-sectional dimension that pose systemic risks if a critical entity is affected. Furthermore, the ECB noted that the number of cyberattacks increase in periods of heightened politica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Central Bank 评估系统性网络风险的框架", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 16 日，European Central Bank (ECB) 发布了题为“迈向评估系统性网络风险的框架”的出版物，作为 2022 年 11 月 Financial Stability Review 的一部分。该出版物回顾了网络风险的金融稳定影响，并指出网络攻击具有横截面维度，如果关键实体受到影响，则会构成系统性风险。此外，ECB 指出，网络攻击数量在政治紧张时期增加。" }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Directive on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS 2 Directive)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2555/oj", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS2) was implemented. The NIS2 aims to ensure a higher level of cybersecurity at the EU level by coordinating national approaches to and Governance of cybersecurity. The Member States had until 17 October 2024 to transpose the Directive into national law. The NIS2 outlines cybersecurity obligations across sectors, including energy, transport, banking and finance, health, and providers of public electronic communications netw...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIS 2 Directive 中关于欧盟高水平网络安全措施指令中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 18 日，Network and Information Security Directive (NIS2) 实施。NIS2 旨在通过在欧盟层面协调国家网络安全方法和治理来确保更高的网络安全水平。成员国须在 2024 年 10 月 17 日前将该指令转化为国内法。NIS2 概述了各部门的网络安全义务，包括能源、交通、银行和金融、卫生以及公共电子通信网络提供商。" }, { "date": "20 June 2023", "title": "EDPB Recommendations on the application for approval and elements and principles to be found in Controller Binding Corporate Rules (1/2022)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2023/edpb-adopts-template-complaint-form-and-final-version-recommendations-application_en", "description": "On 20 June 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Recommendations 1/2022 on the Application for Approval and on the elements and principles to be found in Controller Binding Corporate Rules. The recommendations provide a standard Application Form for approval of binding corporate rules (BCR) for controllers, taking into account that the GDPR expressly provides for the use of BCR as appropriate safeguards for transfers of personal data to third countries. The Recommendatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDPB 关于控制者约束性公司规则批准申请及要素和原则的建议 (1/2022)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 20 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了建议 1/2022，关于控制者约束性公司规则的批准申请及应包含的要素和原则。这些建议提供了一份用于批准控制者约束性公司规则 (BCR) 的标准申请表，考虑到 GDPR 明确允许使用 BCR 作为向第三国传输个人数据的适当保障措施。该建议还列出了 ..." }, { "date": "20 October 2022", "title": "ECJ Case C-77/21 on GDPR breach (Digi v Hungarian Data Protection Authority)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62021CJ0077", "description": "On 20 October 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) issued its judgment in Case C-77/21 concerning the request for a preliminary ruling submitted by the Court of Budapest Capital in a dispute between Digi, one of the leading telecom operators in Hungary, and the Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information. On 18 May 2020, the Authority imposed a fine on Digi for breaching Article 5 of the GDPR for failing to delete a database created for the purpose of carr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ECJ 案件 C-77/21 关于 GDPR 违规（Digi 诉匈牙利数据保护局）", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 20 日，European Court of Justice (ECJ) 就案件 C-77/21 作出判决，该案涉及 Budapest Capital Court 提交的在 Digi（匈牙利领先的电信运营商之一）与 Hungarian National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information 之间的纠纷中提出的初步裁决请求。2020 年 5 月 18 日，该机构因 Digi 违反 GDPR 第 5 条（未删除为 carr... 目的而创建的数据库）而对其处以罚款。" }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Standardisation measures in Republic of Korea - European Union Digital Partnership", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3607", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the European Union and the Republic of Korea held the first meeting of the Digital Partnership Council under the Korea-EU Digital Partnership. In particular, the parties expressed their intention of defining a common vision for 6G, including a common approach to 6G standardisation. Furthermore, the parties expressed that research cooperation should target, among others, demonstrating 6G functional properties including their standardisation impact. The parties also intend to a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Republic of Korea - European Union Digital Partnership 中的标准化措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 30 日，European Union 和 Republic of Korea 在 Korea-EU Digital Partnership 下举行了 Digital Partnership Council 的首次会议。特别是，双方表达了为 6G 制定共同愿景的意图，包括共同推进 6G 标准化。此外，双方表示研究合作应针对展示 6G 功能特性（包括其对标准化的影响）。双方还打算 a..." }, { "date": "20 October 2022", "title": "Application of Article 3(1) of Directive 2001/29/EC on the Right of Communication to the Public", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=267420&pageIndex=0&doclang=IT&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=441735", "description": "On 20 October 2022, the Opinion of Advocate General Maciej Szpunar of the European Court of Justice was published regarding the application of Article 3(1) of Directive 2001/29/EC on the exclusive right of authors to authorise or prohibit any communication to the public of their works. The Opinion was issued in response to the request for a preliminary ruling from the Austrian Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) in a case where Grand Production, a Serbian producer of audio-visual programmes,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Directive 2001/29/EC 第 3(1) 条关于向公众传播权的适用", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 20 日，European Court of Justice 的 Advocate General Maciej Szpunar 的意见发布，涉及 Directive 2001/29/EC 第 3(1) 条关于作者独家授权或禁止向公众传播其作品的权利的适用。该意见是对 Austrian Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) 提出的 preliminary ruling 请求的回应，该案涉及塞尔维亚视听节目制作商 Grand Production 与一家奥地利公司之间的纠纷，涉及其节目在 ... 上的传播。" }, { "date": "12 May 2022", "title": "US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) initiatives on cybersecurity standards", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/12/05/u-s-eu-joint-statement-of-the-trade-and-technology-council/", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the United States and the European Union, following the third ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC), announced the launch of new workstreams on Post-Quantum Encryption and Internet of Things (IoT), with an initial focus on technical and performance standards for cybersecurity. The TTC also announced its intention to develop a common vision for research and development beyond 5G and 6G.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC) 网络安全标准倡议", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 5 日，美国和欧盟在 Trade and Technology Council (TTC) 第三次部长级会议后宣布启动关于后量子加密和物联网 (IoT) 的新工作流，初步重点关注网络安全的技术和性能标准。TTC 还宣布打算制定超越 5G 和 6G 的研发共同愿景。" }, { "date": "22 November 2022", "title": "CJEU Ruling in case concerning money laundering and terrorism financing (WM v. Luxembourg Business Registers)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62020CJ0037", "description": "On 22 November 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a ruling on the case of WM v. Luxembourg Business Registers about money laundering and terrorism financing, invalidating the Anti-Money Laundering Directive under which States disclose data about the owners of companies and other entities on the national territories. Applying the principle of proportionality, the Court alleged that the disclosure of such information was contrasting with the Charter of Fundamental Ri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 关于洗钱和恐怖主义融资案件（WM 诉 Luxembourg Business Registers）的裁决", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 22 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就 WM 诉 Luxembourg Business Registers 案作出裁决，涉及洗钱和恐怖主义融资，废除了要求各国在其领土上披露公司和其他实体所有者数据的 Anti-Money Laundering Directive。法院适用比例原则，声称披露此类信息与基本权利宪章相冲突..." }, { "date": "12 May 2022", "title": "Standardisation request to the European Standardisation Organisations in support of safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/52376?", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the European Commission published a draft request on Artificial Intelligence standards. The request is directed at two European standardisation organisations, the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) and the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). Notably, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has only been included in a consulting role. According to the draft, the two organisations would be required to adopt ten stan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "向欧洲标准化组织提出的关于安全可信人工智能标准制定请求", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 5 日，European Commission 发布了一份关于人工智能标准的草案请求。该请求针对两个欧洲标准化组织：European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) 和 European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)。值得注意的是，European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) 仅以咨询角色被纳入。根据草案，这两个组织将被要求通过十项 stan..." }, { "date": "23 May 2023", "title": "Case TU and RE v Google on the right to data erasure", "url": "https://www.bundesgerichtshof.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/2023084.html", "description": "On 23 May 2023, the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) issued a ruling in a lawsuit concerning delisting requests by individuals TU and RE to the platform Google, Inc. In the original case, two managers of a group of investment companies requested Google to remove allegedly inaccurate content from its search results, and Google refused to comply with the request. The judgment follows a preliminary ruling by the European Court of Justice, which found, among other things, that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案件 TU 和 RE 诉 Google 关于数据删除权", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 23 日，German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) 就个人 TU 和 RE 向平台 Google, Inc. 提出的删除请求诉讼作出裁决。在原案中，两家投资管理公司的经理要求 Google 从其搜索结果中删除据称不准确的内容，Google 拒绝了该请求。该判决遵循了 European Court of Justice 的初步裁决，法院认为，除其他事项外，..." }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "EU Directive on the resilience of critical entities", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2022/2557/oj", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Directive on the resilience of critical entities repealing Council Directive 114 of 2008 is implemented. The Member States were required to transpose the Directive by 17 October 2024. Under the Directive, Member States were required to identify public and private entities belonging to one of the listed categories considered \"critical entities\" from the energy, transport, health, drinking water, wastewater and space sectors. The States were required to notify \"critical ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟关键实体韧性指令", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 18 日，关于关键实体韧性的指令（废止 2008 年 Council Directive 114）实施。成员国须在 2024 年 10 月 17 日前将该指令转化为国内法。根据该指令，成员国须识别属于所列类别之一的公共和私营实体，这些实体被视为能源、交通、卫生、饮用水、废水和空间领域的“关键实体”。各国有义务通知“关键实体”..." }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "Civil lawsuit against Proximus on the right to erasure", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2022-10/cp220171en.pdf", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a clarification on obligations by data controllers regarding requests for erasure. The Court confirmed under the spirit of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that consent by a subscriber who has been duly informed is necessary for the purposes of the publication of his or her personal data in a public directory. This extends to any subsequent processing of data by third-party undertakings active in the market ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Proximus 删除权民事诉讼", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 27 日，Court of Justice of the European Union 就数据控制者在删除请求方面的义务作出澄清。法院根据 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 的精神确认，已获适当告知的订阅者的同意对于将其个人数据公布在公共目录中是必要的。这延伸到市场上活跃的第三方企业对数据的任何后续处理 ..." }, { "date": "7 October 2023", "title": "Adequacy decision for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3721", "description": "On 10 July 2023, the European Commission adopted the adequacy decision for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework, which aims to enable the transfer of data between the countries and resolve the concerns raised by the EU Court of Justice in the annulment of Schrems II. The adequacy decision enters into force on the same day of its adoption. The was adopted following the adoption of the Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities, implementing the agreem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-US Data Privacy Framework 的充分性认定", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 10 日，European Commission 通过了 EU-US Data Privacy Framework 的充分性认定，旨在实现两国之间的数据传输，并解决 EU Court of Justice 在 Schrems II 废止案中提出的担忧。充分性认定于通过之日生效。该认定是在通过 Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities 后作出的，该命令实施了欧盟与美国之间的协议。" }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Content moderation measures in Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202400900", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Regulation on the transparency and targeting of political advertising entered into force. The Regulation outlines transparency obligations concerning political advertising, including advertising displayed on online platforms, mobile applications, websites, games and other digital interfaces. In particular, the Regulation requires providers of political advertising services to label the content displayed on their platform as political advertising if they signed a contra...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政治广告透明度和定向法规中的内容审核措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 10 日，关于政治广告透明度和定向的法规生效。该法规概述了政治广告的透明度义务，包括显示在在线平台、移动应用程序、网站、游戏和其他数字界面上的广告。特别是，该法规要求政治广告服务提供者如果签订了 contra...，则将其平台上显示的内容标记为政治广告。" }, { "date": "14 December 2022", "title": "EU-Thailand Partnership and Cooperation Agreement including Personal Data and Privacy Protection", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11910-2022-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the European Union (EU) and Thailand signed a \"Framework Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation\" aiming to strengthen the political dialogue between the parties on issues of mutual interest in a wide number of policy areas, including personal data and privacy protection. The parties agreed to cooperate in order to obtain a high level of personal data and privacy protection and its effective enforcement. The parties also agreed on cooperation mechanisms such as technical...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-Thailand Partnership and Cooperation Agreement，包括个人数据和隐私保护", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 14 日，European Union (EU) 和 Thailand 签署了“伙伴关系与合作框架协议”，旨在加强双方在广泛政策领域的政治对话，包括个人数据和隐私保护。双方同意合作以实现高水平的数据和隐私保护及其有效执行。双方还同意建立技术合作等合作机制..." }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "EU Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System including cybersecurity label", "url": "https://transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-11/COM_2022_652_drone_strategy_2.0.pdf", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the European Commission adopted the European Drone Strategy 2.0 for a Smart and Sustainable Unmanned Aircraft Eco-System in Europe. The Strategy aims to integrate the use of drones into everyday services, such as emergency services, mapping, imaging, inspection and surveillance, delivery of urgent goods and air mobility services. Concerning the European drone service market, the Strategy includes steps that the Commission aims to take to build the Union drone services mar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU Drone Strategy 2.0，包括网络安全标签，打造智能可持续无人机生态系统", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 29 日，European Commission 通过了 European Drone Strategy 2.0，旨在打造欧洲智能可持续的无人机生态系统。该战略旨在将无人机的使用整合到日常服务中，例如紧急服务、测绘、成像、检查和监视、紧急物资交付以及空中交通服务。关于欧洲无人机服务市场，该战略包括委员会旨在采取的步骤，以建立 Union drone services mar..." }, { "date": "15 December 2022", "title": "CJEU case on interpretation of GDPR Article 15", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=268626&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=38622", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) Advocate-General released a preliminary opinion on the interpretation of Article 15 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the scope of data subject access requests (DSARs). This was in response to a request from the Austrian Courts (case C-487/21) to the ECJ on the interpretation of Article 15 in an ongoing civil lawsuit. According to the AG's opinion, the term \"copy\" should be interpreted narrowly, which reduces the bu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CJEU 关于 GDPR 第 15 条解释的案件", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 15 日，European Court of Justice (ECJ) 的 Advocate-General 就 EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 第 15 条关于数据主体访问请求 (DSARs) 范围的解释发布了初步意见。这是对 Austrian Courts（案件 C-487/21）向 ECJ 提出的初步裁决请求的回应，该请求涉及正在进行的民事诉讼中第 15 条的解释。根据 Advocate General 的意见，“副本”一词应作狭义解释，这减轻了 bu..." }, { "date": "1 August 2023", "title": "Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32022D2481&from=EN#d1e1102-4-1", "description": "On 8 January 2023, the Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 is implemented after being published in the European Union Official Journal on 19 December 2022. The Programme seeks to coordinate the European Union's collective advancements in the four areas identified in the Digital Compass Communication. The areas include improving digital skills, supporting the development of digital infrastructure and technologies, such as cloud, artificial intelligence and data, digitalisation of businesses a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 8 日，Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 在 2022 年 12 月 19 日于 European Union Official Journal 上发布后实施。该计划旨在协调欧盟在 Digital Compass Communication 确定的四个领域的集体进步。这些领域包括提高数字技能、支持云、人工智能和数据等数字基础设施和技术的发展、企业数字化 a..." }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "CJEU Case C-132/21 on compatibility of concurrent administrative and civil remedies with GDPR", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=269145&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=39106", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued its ruling in Case 132/21 on concurrent administrative and civil remedies under General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The case had been brought to the CJEU by the Budapest High Court following the concurrent development of civil and administrative domestic proceedings in a case concerning the application of the GDPR. The Court ruled that lacking any rule of precedence between administrative and civil remedies, b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 案件 C-132/21 关于行政和民事救济并存与 GDPR 的兼容性", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 12 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就案件 132/21 作出裁决，涉及 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 下的行政和民事救济并存问题。该案由 Budapest High Court 提交给 CJEU，原因是国内民事诉讼和行政诉讼同时发展，涉及 GDPR 的适用。法院裁定，由于行政救济和民事救济之间不存在优先规则，b..." }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "CJEU Case C-154/21 concerning disclosure of information concerning data recipients under GDPR", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/de/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62021CJ0154", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary ruling in Case C-154/21 on the disclosure of information concerning data recipients under the data subject right of access provided by Art.15 of the GDPR. The Supreme Court of Justice of Austria requested the preliminary ruling by the CJEU as part of a case brought by a private individual against the Austrian postal service. The individual had argued that the right of access required data controllers to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CJEU 案件 C-154/21 关于 GDPR 下数据接收者信息披露", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 12 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 就案件 C-154/21 作出初步裁决，涉及 GDPR 第 15 条规定的数据主体访问权下关于数据接收者的信息披露。Austrian Supreme Court of Justice 应一名私人个体对 Austrian postal service 提起的诉讼，向 CJEU 请求初步裁决。该个人主张，访问权要求数据控制者提供 ..." }, { "date": "28 May 2025", "title": "Recommendation on combating online piracy of live content", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-launches-call-evidence-view-assessment-recommendation-combatting-online-piracy-sports", "description": "On 28 May 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on the impact of the recommendation on combating online piracy of sports and other live events. The recommendation aims to support Member States and intermediary service providers in addressing illegal streaming by clarifying the applicability of the Digital Services Act and promoting swift action on flagged content. It also advises issuing blocking injunctions under existing intellectual property law, granting legal standing to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于打击网络盗版直播内容的建议", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 28 日，欧盟委员会结束了关于打击体育和其他现场赛事在线盗版建议的影响的磋商。该建议旨在通过澄清《数字服务法》的适用性并促进对标记内容采取迅速行动，支持成员国和中介服务提供商解决非法流媒体问题。它还建议根据现行知识产权法发布封锁禁令，赋予……法律地位。" }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "Delegated regulation on methodology for calculating the supervisory fee", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32023R1127", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the Delegated Regulation concerning the methodology for computing the supervisory fee under Article 43 of the Digital Services Act came into force following the required 20 days after its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. The Delegated Regulation outlines the methods the Commission will apply to calculate the individual fees that the very large online platforms and search engines will be required to pay to cover the Commission's supervisory work. The ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管费计算方法的授权规定", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 29 日，《数字服务法》第 43 条规定的有关监管费计算方法的授权法规在《欧盟官方公报》上公布后 20 天后生效。该授权法规概述了委员会将采用的方法来计算大型在线平台和搜索引擎为完成委员会的监督工作而需要支付的个人费用。这 ..." }, { "date": "17 January 2023", "title": "Council decision on the conclusion of the Agreement between the EU and New Zealand Agreement on the exchange of personal data for law enforcement cooperation", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2023-0001_EN.html", "description": "On 17 January 2023, the European Union Parliament passed a legislative resolution providing approval for the conclusion of an agreement with New Zealand on the exchange of data for the purpose of preventing and combating serious crime and terrorism. The exchange of data would take place between the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) and the New Zealand authorities. The purpose of the Agreement is to allow the transfer of personal data while ensuring sufficient pri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于缔结《欧盟与新西兰执法合作个人数据交换协议》的决定", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 17 日，欧盟议会通过一项立法决议，批准与新西兰缔结数据交换协议，以预防和打击严重犯罪和恐怖主义。数据交换将在欧盟执法合作机构（欧洲刑警组织）和新西兰当局之间进行。该协议的目的是允许个人数据的传输，同时确保足够的隐私..." }, { "date": "17 January 2023", "title": "2022 Coordinated Enforcement Action Use of cloud-based services by the public sector", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-01/edpb_20230118_cef_cloud-basedservices_publicsector_en.pdf", "description": "On 17 January 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the report \"2022 Coordinated Enforcement Action Use of cloud-based services by the public sector\", which summarises the findings of an EU-wide Enforcement Action and sets out a list of factors which public bodies should take into account when contracting Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). For example, the EDPB reiterates the obligation for CSPs to fully comply with the GDPR in order to be utilized in the public sector, includi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 年协调执法行动 公共部门使用基于云的服务", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 17 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了报告“2022 年公共部门使用基于云的服务的协调执法行动”，该报告总结了欧盟范围内执法行动的调查结果，并列出了公共机构在与云服务提供商 (CSP) 签订合同时应考虑的因素列表。例如，EDPB 重申 CSP 有义务完全遵守 GDPR，以便在公共部门中使用，包括……" }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "ENISA Awareness Raising in a Box (AR-in-a-BOX)", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/cybersecurity-awareness-raising-peek-into-the-enisa-do-it-yourself-toolbox", "description": "On 19 January 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published the Awareness Raising in a Box (AR-in-a-BOX) toolkit, for use by public entities, operators of essential services, and private companies of all sizes, both large and SMEs. The toolkit contains guidelines for the development of internal and external cybersecurity awareness campaigns, instructions on the diffusion and targeting of external campaigns, as well as a communications strategy guideline and engagement to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 意识提升盒 (AR-in-a-BOX)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 19 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 发布了 Awareness Raising in a Box (AR-in-a-BOX) 工具包，供公共实体、基本服务运营商以及各种规模的私营公司（大型和中小企业）使用。该工具包包含制定内部和外部网络安全意识活动的指南、有关外部活动的传播和目标定位的说明，以及通信策略指南和参与……" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "CPC Network investigation into Google Flights and Google Hotels concerning commercial practices and terms and conditions compliance with EU consumer rules", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2023-01/Google%20Common%20Position.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the European Commission announced that it had accepted the commitments issued by Google regarding the changes to its terms of use products and services to comply with the EU consumer rules. The Consumer Protection Cooperation Network (CPC), led by the Dutch Authority for Consumers and Markets and the Belgian Directorate General for Economic Inspection and coordinated by Commission, opened an investigation into Google in 2021. Following the investigation, the CPC determined...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CPC Network 对 Google Flights 和 Google Hotels 进行调查，涉及其商业行为以及条款及条件是否符合欧盟消费者规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 26 日，欧盟委员会宣布接受谷歌就其产品和服务使用条款的变更做出的承诺，以遵守欧盟消费者规则。由荷兰消费者和市场管理局和比利时经济监察总局牵头并由欧盟委员会协调的消费者保护合作网络 (CPC) 于 2021 年对 Google 展开了调查。调查结束后，CPC 确定..." }, { "date": "30 January 2023", "title": "EU Commission Study on the impact of recent developments in digital advertising on privacy, publishers and advertisers", "url": "https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/8b950a43-a141-11ed-b508-01aa75ed71a1/language-en", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the EU Commission published the “Study on the impact of recent developments in digital advertising on privacy, publishers and advertisers”. The study examines the unintended consequences of digital advertising tools such as the collection of personal data and tracking and massive-scale profiling, on data protection rights, security, democracy and the environment. The study concludes that there is a need to reform EU data protection regulation to provide increased individua...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会关于数字广告最新发展对隐私、出版商和广告商影响的研究", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 30 日，欧盟委员会发布了“数字广告最新发展对隐私、出版商和广告商影响的研究”。该研究探讨了数字广告工具（例如个人数据的收集、跟踪和大规模分析）对数据保护权、安全、民主和环境的意外后果。该研究的结论是，有必要改革欧盟数据保护法规，以提供更多的个人……" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "US-EU Cooperation on Cyber Resilience", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/01/26/joint-statement-united-states-secretary-mayorkas-and-european-union-commissioner?utm_source=DiploMail&utm_campaign=545dfb8c06-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2023_01_30_07_13&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_4510155485-545dfb8c06-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the US Secretary of Homeland Security and the EU Commissioner for Internal Market released a joint statement on the cooperation between the United States and the European Union in the field of Cyber Resilience. In this context, the parties established the following work objectives: (i) deepening information exchange regarding threats and incidents; (ii) finalizing a working arrangement regarding cooperation between the EU Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and the US Cyberse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国与欧盟在网络弹性方面的合作", "description_zh": "2023年1月26日，美国国土安全部部长和欧盟内部市场专员就美国与欧盟在网络弹性领域的合作发表联合声明。在此背景下，各方确定了以下工作目标：（一）深化有关威胁和事件的信息交流； (ii) 敲定欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 与美国网络安全局之间合作的工作安排..." }, { "date": "24 January 2023", "title": "Inquiry into EU Commission's Oversight of Ireland's Implementation of GDPR", "url": "https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/doc/correspondence/en/165453", "description": "On 24 January 2023, the European Commission (EC) issued a comment detailing its plan to implement the suggestions made by the European Ombudsman regarding its oversight of GDPR implementation in Ireland. The Commission will request bi-monthly reports from all member state supervisory data protection authorities, requiring them to include information on the case number, data controllers responsible, significant dates, investigation type and scope, and investigatory measures taken in significan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对爱尔兰 GDPR 实施情况的监督调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 24 日，欧盟委员会 (EC) 发表评论，详细介绍了其计划实施欧洲监察员就爱尔兰 GDPR 实施监督提出的建议。委员会将要求所有成员国数据保护监管机构每两个月提交一份报告，要求它们提供有关案件编号、负责的数据控制者、重要日期、调查类型和范围以及在重大事件中采取的调查措施等信息。" }, { "date": "2 September 2023", "title": "Public lawsuit involving prohibition on dismissing data protection officer for performing his or her tasks under GDPR (X-FAB Dresden GmbH & Co. KG v FC, Case C 453/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=270323&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3046073", "description": "On 9 February 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary ruling in a case brought forward by the German Labor Court concerning an employee at X-Fab Dresden GmbH & Co. KG who works as the chair for the works council and a data protection officer (DPO). The employee was dismissed from his duties as DPO and wished to retain his position. X-Fab insisted that there was a conflict of interest present that would prevent the employee from fulfilling his obligations t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及禁止解雇根据 GDPR 执行任务的数据保护官员的公开诉讼（X-FAB Dresden GmbH & Co. KG 诉 FC，案例 C 453/21）", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 9 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对德国劳动法院提起的一起案件做出了初步裁决，该案件涉及 X-Fab Dresden GmbH & Co. KG 的一名员工，该员工担任劳资委员会主席和数据保护官 (DPO)。该员工被解除了 DPO 职务，并希望保留其职位。 X-Fab 坚称存在利益冲突，这将阻止该员工履行其义务......" }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "Report on regulation of harmful and illegal content on video sharing platforms", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/video-sharing-platforms-europe-two-mapping-reports-published", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Commission published a mapping report, prepared on its behalf by the European Audiovisual Observatory, that provides an analysis of the rules applicable to video-sharing platforms (VSPs) within the European Union. The report, “Mapping of national rules applicable to video-sharing platforms: illegal and harmful content online – 2022 update” analyses the approaches of the EU member states, the United Kingdom and Norway on the rules applicable to VSPs to prevent...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于视频分享平台有害违法内容整治的报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，欧盟委员会发布了一份由欧洲视听观测站代表其编写的摸底报告，该报告对适用于欧盟境内视频共享平台 (VSP) 的规则进行了分析。该报告《适用于视频共享平台的国家规则映射：在线非法和有害内容 - 2022 年更新》分析了欧盟成员国、英国和挪威关于适用于 VSP 的规则的方法，以防止……" }, { "date": "15 February 2023", "title": "Joint Publication 23-01 on Sustained Activity by specific threat actors", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/sustained-activity-by-specific-threat-actors-joint-publication", "description": "On 15 February 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and the Computer Security Incident Response Team for the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (CERT-EU) released a joint publication warning of ongoing cyber threats from particular Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), namely APT27, APT30, APT31, Ke3chang, GALLIUM, and Mustang Panda. The publication advises all public and private sector organisations in the EU to follow common cyber hygiene recommendations, including main...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于特定威胁行为者持续活动的联合出版物 23-01", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 15 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 和欧盟机构、团体和机构的计算机安全事件响应小组 (CERT-EU) 发布了一份联合出版物警告，警告来自特定高级持续威胁 (APT) 的持续网络威胁，即 APT27、APT30、APT31、Ke3chang、GALLIUM 和 Mustang Panda。该出版物建议欧盟所有公共和私营部门组织遵循共同的网络卫生建议，包括主要..." }, { "date": "16 February 2023", "title": "ENISA Report on Developing National Vulnerability Programmes 2023", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/developing-national-vulnerabilities-programmes", "description": "On 16 February 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published a second report on the EU Member States' Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD) policies. The ENISA report aims to create an integrated approach in the European Union and address the high level of fragmentation of CVD policies and initiatives across EU Member States. The report includes policy recommendations while also providing an overview of technical, legal and collaborative challenges. The CVD is a pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 关于制定 2023 年国家漏洞计划的报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 16 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 发布了关于欧盟成员国协调漏洞披露 (CVD) 政策的第二份报告。 ENISA 报告旨在在欧盟制定综合方法，并解决欧盟成员国 CVD 政策和举措高度分散的问题。该报告包括政策建议，同时还概述了技术、法律和合作挑战。 CVD是一种专业..." }, { "date": "2 March 2023", "title": "EDPB Opinion 1/2023 on the draft decision of the competent supervisory authority of Croatia for accreditation of a code of conduct monitoring body", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-02/edpb_2023-1_opinion_hr_sas_draft_accreditation_requirements_of_monitoring_bodies.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted its Opinion 1/2023 on the draft decision of the Croatian Supervisory Authority regarding the approval of the requirements for accreditation of a code of conduct (CoC) monitoring body, pursuant to Article 41 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Article 41 lists requirements for areas that a monitoring body needs to address for accreditation and that all codes, except those covering public authorities, have an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于克罗地亚主管监督机构关于行为准则监测机构认证的决定草案的第 1/2023 号意见", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 3 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 根据欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 第 41 条，就克罗地亚监管机构关于批准行为准则 (CoC) 监测机构认证要求的决定草案通过了第 1/2023 号意见。第 41 条列出了监测机构需要解决的认证领域的要求，以及除涉及公共当局的规范外的所有规范都具有..." }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "Council Decision on the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and New Zealand", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/06/27/eu-new-zealand-council-adopts-the-decision-to-sign-free-trade-agreement/", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the Council of the EU adopted the decision on the signature of the free trade agreement with New Zealand. The Agreement includes provisions on cross-border data transfer regulation, privacy and consumer protection. In order to facilitate digital trade, the parties agreed not to restrict the cross-border data flows between the EU and New Zealand. In particular, under the Agreement, the parties will not require the use of computing facilities located in their jurisdiction for t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于代表欧盟签署欧盟与新西兰自由贸易协定的决定", "description_zh": "2023年6月27日，欧盟理事会通过关于与新西兰签署自由贸易协定的决定。该协议包括关于跨境数据传输监管、隐私和消费者保护的条款。为了促进数字贸易，双方同意不限制欧盟和新西兰之间的跨境数据流动。特别是，根据该协议，双方不会要求使用位于其管辖范围内的计算设施来..." }, { "date": "22 February 2023", "title": "EDPB Work Programme 2023/2024", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-02/edpb_work_programme_2023-2024_en.pdf", "description": "On 22 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published its Work Programme for 2023 and 2024 based on the EDPB Strategy and the priorities identified by EU Members. The document outlines the EDPB's priorities under four pillars and sets out specific actions. Notably, under \"Pillar I: Advancing harmonisation and facilitating compliance\", the EDPB will develop and promote tools to implement data protection in practice, provide guidance on key notions of EU data protection law, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 2023/2024 年工作计划", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 22 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 根据 EDPB 战略和欧盟成员确定的优先事项发布了 2023 年和 2024 年工作计划。该文件概述了 EDPB 在四大支柱下的优先事项，并列出了具体行动。值得注意的是，在“第一支柱：推进协调和促进合规性”下，EDPB 将开发和推广在实践中实施数据保护的工具，为欧盟数据保护法的关键概念提供指导，......" }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "EDPB Document on the procedure for the adoption of the EDPB opinions regarding national criteria for certification and European Data Protection Seals", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/procedure/edpb-document-procedure-adoption-edpb-opinions-regarding_en", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the “Document on the procedure for the adoption of the EDPB opinions regarding national criteria for certification and European Data Protection Seals” which aims to streamline and facilitate the adoption of EDPB Opinions on certification criteria by clarifying the approval process of national and EU-wide certification criteria. In particular, the document outlines all the steps that a Data Protection Authority needs to tak...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于采纳有关国家认证标准和欧洲数据保护印章的 EDPB 意见的程序的文件", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了“关于采用 EDPB 关于国家认证标准和欧洲数据保护印章意见的程序的文件”，旨在通过澄清国家和欧盟范围内的认证标准的审批流程，简化和促进采用 EDPB 关于认证标准的意见。该文件特别概述了数据保护机构需要采取的所有步骤......" }, { "date": "2 July 2021", "title": "European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS)", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/eucs-cloud-service-scheme", "description": "On 7 February 2021, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) closed its consultation on the European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme for Cloud Services (EUCS). The EUCS aims to enhance the cybersecurity guarantees of cloud services in the EU and to harmonise them with EU regulations, international standards, best industrial practices, and existing certifications in EU Member States.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲云服务网络安全认证计划 (EUCS)", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 7 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 结束了关于欧洲云服务网络安全认证计划 (EUCS) 的磋商。 EUCS旨在增强欧盟云服务的网络安全保障，并使其与欧盟法规、国际标准、最佳行业实践和欧盟成员国现有认证相协调。" }, { "date": "28 February 2023", "title": "28th EU-Japan ICT Policy Dialogue", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000148.html", "description": "On 28 February 2023, the Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the EU Commision made a statement on the results of the 28th EU-Japan ICT Policy held on 24 February 2023 on several areas, including cybersecurity, content moderation, and artificial intelligence policies. According to statement, both sides discussed respective regulatory developments in the areas in question, with a view to deepening discussion and increasing cooperation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第28届欧盟-日本ICT政策对话", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 28 日，日本总务省和欧盟委员会就 2023 年 2 月 24 日举行的第 28 次欧盟-日本 ICT 政策结果发表声明，涉及网络安全、内容审核和人工智能政策等多个领域。声明称，双方讨论了各自在相关领域的监管进展，以期深化讨论、加强合作。" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "EU-US Cyber Dialogue", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/01/26/joint-statement-united-states-secretary-mayorkas-and-european-union-commissioner", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the United States Secretary of Homeland Security Mayorkas and the European Commissioner for Internal Market Breton adopted a joint statement in the context of the EU-US Cyber Dialogue. The statement announces three new workstreams concerning various aspects of cybersecurity, such as information sharing, incident response and reporting requirements, concerning critical infrastructure, hardware and software. The plan will involve the European External Action Service, the Dir...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-美国网络对话", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 26 日，美国国土安全部部长马约卡斯和欧盟内部市场专员布雷顿在欧盟-美国网络对话背景下通过了一项联合声明。该声明宣布了涉及网络安全各个方面的三个新工作流程，例如涉及关键基础设施、硬件和软件的信息共享、事件响应和报告要求。该计划将涉及欧洲对外行动署、..." }, { "date": "3 February 2023", "title": "EU-US agreement to facilitate access to electronic evidence in criminal investigations", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news/eu-us-announcement-resumption-negotiations-eu-us-agreement-facilitate-access-electronic-evidence-2023-03-02_en", "description": "On 2 March 2023, the US Department of Justice and the European Commission announced the resumption of negotiations on an EU-US agreement to facilitate access to electronic evidence in criminal investigations, which will take place on 15 and 16 March 2023. Negotiations started in September 2019 but were paused while the EU finalised the EU e-evidence legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟与美国就刑事调查中获取电子证据提供便利的协议", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 2 日，美国司法部和欧盟委员会宣布恢复关于便利在刑事调查中获取电子证据的欧盟-美国协议的谈判，谈判将于 2023 年 3 月 15 日至 16 日进行。谈判于 2019 年 9 月开始，但在欧盟敲定欧盟电子证据立法期间暂停。" }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "Communication on EU security- countering threats from drones", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13763-Countering-the-potential-threat-from-Unmanned-Aircraft-Systems_en", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the European Commission closed its consultation on its initiative for Communication entitled \"EU security – countering threats from drones\". The initiative aims to outline the EU's policy on countering the threats posed by drones, including taking stock of existing counter-drone support measures and presenting a strategic vision for further activities. Furthermore, the initiative aims to set out a specific EU legal framework to counter the unauthorised or criminal use of dron...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于欧盟安全的沟通——应对无人机威胁", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 3 日，欧盟委员会结束了关于题为“欧盟安全——应对无人机威胁”的通信倡议的磋商。该倡议旨在概述欧盟应对无人机威胁的政策，包括评估现有的反无人机支持措施并提出进一步活动的战略愿景。此外，该倡议旨在制定一个具体的欧盟法律框架，以打击未经授权或犯罪使用无人机......" }, { "date": "16 January 2024", "title": "EDPB Coordinated Enforcement 2023 Action on Role of DPOs", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-identifies-areas-improvement-promote-role-and-recognition-dpos_en", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the European Data Protection Board adopted its second Coordinated Enforcement Action for the year 2023. The action aimed at examining whether Data Protection Officers (DPOs) in relevant organisations have the necessary influence and resources to fulfil their functions, as required by Articles 37 to 39 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The EDPB found that the majority of DPOs have the necessary skills and knowledge to conduct their work, that they are tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于 DPO 作用的 2023 年协调执法行动", "description_zh": "2024年1月16日，欧洲数据保护委员会通过了2023年第二次协调执法行动。该行动旨在审查相关组织的数据保护官（DPO）是否拥有履行欧盟通用数据保护条例（GDPR）第37至39条要求的必要影响力和资源。 EDP​​B 发现，大多数 DPO 拥有开展工作所需的技能和知识，他们是..." }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "EU-Thailand Digital Economy Negotiations", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_1628", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the European Union and Thailand announced the relaunch of negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that would support the removal of obstacles to digital trade, thereby promoting the digital transition. The EU and Thailand first launched negotiations for an FTA in 2013, which were put on hold in 2014. The parties aim to hold a first substantive round of negotiations in the coming months.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟-泰国数字经济谈判", "description_zh": "2023年3月15日，欧盟和泰国宣布重新启动自由贸易协定（FTA）谈判，支持消除数字贸易障碍，从而促进数字化转型。欧盟和泰国于2013年首次启动自由贸易协定谈判，该谈判于2014年搁置。双方计划在未来几个月内举行第一轮实质性谈判。" }, { "date": "12 August 2024", "title": "EU Directive on liability for defective products (Directive 2024/2853)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202402853", "description": "On 8 December 2024, the Directive on liability for defective products, including rules establishing liability for digital products, entered into force with a grace period. The directive adapts the EU liability rules, specifically the Product Liability Directive, which ensures that a person suffering damages from a product can claim compensation from EU-based businesses and non-EU-based businesses, including online platforms. The directive updates the Product Liability Directive to include dig...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟缺陷产品责任指令（指令 2024/2853）", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 8 日，缺陷产品责任指令（包括确定数字产品责任的规则）在一段宽限期内生效。该指令适应了欧盟责任规则，特别是产品责任指令，确保因产品而遭受损害的人可以向欧盟企业和非欧盟企业（包括在线平台）索赔。该指令更新了产品责任指令，包括..." }, { "date": "16 March 2023", "title": "Case C-634/21 on the use of automated decision making under the EU GDPR (OQ v Land Hesse and SCHUFA Holding)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2023-03/cp230049en.pdf", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the Advocate-General (AG) of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) released an Opinion on Case C-634/21 on whether automated credit rating is allowed under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Specifically, Article 22 of the GDPR states that data subjects have the right to refuse \"a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling\". Case C-634/21 involves a German individual who requested credit-rating company SCHUFA Holding to eras...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于根据欧盟 GDPR 使用自动化决策的案例 C-634/21（OQ 诉 Land Hesse 和 SCHUFA Holding）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 16 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 总检察长 (AG) 就欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 是否允许自动信用评级发布了关于案例 C-634/21 的意见。具体来说，GDPR 第 22 条规定，数据主体有权拒绝“仅基于自动化处理（包括分析）的决定”。案例 C-634/21 涉及一名德国个人，他要求信用评级公司 SCHUFA Holding 删除..." }, { "date": "21 March 2023", "title": "ENISA Report Threat Landscape Transport Sector 2023", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/understanding-cyber-threats-in-transport", "description": "On 21 March 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published the Report on Threat Landscape in Transport Sector 2023. The report covers the period of January 2021 to October 2022 and is based on aviation, maritime, road and railway cybersecurity incident reporting. In particular, the ENISA Report notes that the main threats identified are ransomware attacks, data-related threats, malware, denial and distributed denial-of-service (DoS and DDoS), ransom denial-of-service (RDo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 报告 2023 年交通部门威胁格局", "description_zh": "2023年3月21日，欧盟网络安全局（ENISA）发布了《2023年交通运输领域威胁形势报告》。该报告涵盖2021年1月至2022年10月期间，以航空、海运、公路和铁路网络安全事件报告为基础。 ENISA 报告特别指出，确定的主要威胁是勒索软件攻击、数据相关威胁、恶意软件、拒绝服务和分布式拒绝服务（DoS 和 DDoS）、勒索拒绝服务（RDo..." }, { "date": "18 July 2023", "title": "First review of Japan-EU Mutual Adequacy Arrangement", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2023-07/edpb_statement_202301_statement_on_japan_adequacy_review_en.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted its statement 1/2023 on the first review of the functioning of the adequacy decision for Japan. The EDPB focused on assessing commercial aspects of the adequacy decision and commented on several issues. In particular, the EDPB welcomed Japan's revised definition of “personal data the business holds”, the amendment to the right to object, and the introduction of a notification duty in case of a data breach. Furthermore, the EDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "日本与欧盟相互充足安排的首次审查", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 18 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了关于日本充分性决定运作情况首次审查的第 1/2023 号声明。 EDP​​B 重点评估充分性决策的商业方面，并对几个问题发表了评论。 EDP​​B 特别欢迎日本修订“企业持有的个人数据”定义、修改反对权以及引入数据泄露情况下的通知义务。此外，EDP..." }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "KCC-BEREC declaration on collaboration on electronic communications regulations", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=kPnW2hJUOeBim_FxI6VKdPMXnB0dXPHJUKpr6bvp.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=54829", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) held a meeting with the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) in order to exchange views on the telecommunications sector's regulatory framework. In particular, the parties discussed policies related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and addressed harmful online information and user protection measures. The parties agreed to cooperate and share information on the telecommunications sector re...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KCC-BEREC 关于电子通信法规合作的声明", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 3 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 与欧洲电子通信监管机构 (BEREC) 举行会议，就电信行业的监管框架交换意见。双方特别讨论了与信息和通信技术（ICT）相关的政策，并讨论了有害的在线信息和用户保护措施。双方同意在电信领域合作并共享信息..." }, { "date": "7 November 2023", "title": "EU Commission Communication on Virtual worlds (metaverses) a vision for openness, safety and respect", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_23_3718", "description": "On 11 July 2023, the European Commission adopted a new strategy on Web 4.0 and virtual worlds to guide the next technological transition and ensure an open, secure, trustworthy, fair, and inclusive digital environment for EU citizens, businesses, and public administrations. The strategy builds on the work of the European Commission on virtual worlds and aligns with the 2030 objectives of the Digital Decade policy programme. In particular, the strategy aims to ensure that European citizens can...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会关于虚拟世界（元宇宙）的沟通：开放、安全和尊重的愿景", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 11 日，欧盟委员会通过了一项关于 Web 4.0 和虚拟世界的新战略，以指导下一次技术转型，并确保为欧盟公民、企业和公共管理部门提供开放、安全、值得信赖、公平和包容的数字环境。该战略以欧盟委员会关于虚拟世界的工作为基础，并与数字十年政策计划的 2030 年目标保持一致。特别是，该战略旨在确保欧洲公民能够……" }, { "date": "18 November 2021", "title": "USTR Section 301 Investigations of Digital Services Taxes", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/11/18/2021-25199/termination-of-actions-in-the-section-301-digital-services-tax-investigations-of-austria-france", "description": "On 18 November 2021, the United States Trade Representative (USTR) published a Notice announcing the termination of actions in the Section 301 Digital Services Tax Investigations of Austria, Brazil, the Czech Republic, the European Union, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Spain, Turkiye, and the United Kingdom. The termination followed a political agreement with Austria, France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom concerning the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework, which provides for the removal of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "USTR 对数字服务税的 301 条款调查", "description_zh": "2021年11月18日，美国贸易代表（USTR）发布通知，宣布终止对奥地利、巴西、捷克共和国、欧盟、法国、印度、印度尼西亚、意大利、西班牙、土耳其和英国的301数字服务税收调查行动。此次终止是在与奥地利、法国、意大利、西班牙和英国就 OECD/G20 包容性框架达成政治协议之后进行的，该框架规定取消……" }, { "date": "24 May 2024", "title": "EU Task force on OpenAI's ChatGPT service", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/report-work-undertaken-chatgpt-taskforce_en", "description": "On 24 May 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a report on the work undertaken by the ChatGPT Taskforce. It details the context of OpenAI's operations, noting that prior to 15 February 2024, OpenAI did not have an establishment in the EU, complicating General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance under the one-stop-shop mechanism. After the establishment, in contrast, OpenAI will fall under this mechanism, simplifying regulatory interactions. The document highlight...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟 OpenAI ChatGPT 服务特别工作组", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 24 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份关于 ChatGPT 特别工作组所开展工作的报告。它详细介绍了 OpenAI 的运营背景，并指出在 2024 年 2 月 15 日之前，OpenAI 在欧盟没有设立机构，这使得一站式机制下的通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 合规变得复杂。相比之下，OpenAI成立后将纳入该机制，简化监管互动。该文件强调..." }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Study on the enforcement of GDPR obligations against entities established outside the EEA but falling under Article 3(2) GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/study-enforcement-gdpr-obligations-against-entities-established_en", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a report entitled “Study on the enforcement of GDPR obligations against entities established outside the EEA but falling under Article 3(2) GDPR”. The Study analyses the tools available to enforce Supervisory Authorities’ investigative and corrective powers against third-country controllers or processors that fall under the scope of Article 3(2) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) but are not willing to coopera...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 针对在欧洲经济区以外设立但属于 GDPR 第 3(2) 条规定的实体执行 GDPR 义务的研究", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份题为“针对欧洲经济区以外设立但属于 GDPR 第 3(2) 条规定的实体执行 GDPR 义务的研究”的报告。该研究分析了可用于执行监管机构对属于《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 3(2) 条范围内但不愿意合作的第三国控制者或处理者的调查和纠正权力的工具。" }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Guide on exercising data subjects' rights under the Schengen Information System", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/csc-data-subject-rights/schengen-information-system-guide-exercising_en", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a document entitled “The Schengen Information System - a guide for exercising data subjects’ rights: the right of access, rectification and erasure”. The Guide describes the modalities for exercising the right of access, rectification and erasure, reflecting the changes brought by the current Schengen Information System legal framework and the revision of the EU data protection framework. The Guide is divided into three sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于在申根信息系统下行使数据主体权利的指南", "description_zh": "2023年4月13日，欧洲数据保护委员会（EDPB）发布了一份题为《申根信息系统——行使数据主体权利的指南：访问权、更正权和删除权》的文件。该指南描述了行使访问权、更正权和删除权的方式，反映了现行申根信息系统法律框架和欧盟数据保护框架修订带来的变化。该指南分为三秒..." }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Study on the national administrative rules impacting the cooperation duties for the national supervisory authorities", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/study-national-administrative-rules-impacting-cooperation-duties_en", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the Final Report on the “Study on the national administrative rules impacting the cooperation duties for the national supervisory authorities”. The Study analyses the national administrative rules applicable when the national supervisory authorities (SA) carry out their cooperation duties in the context of a One-Stop-Shop (OSS) procedure and outlines the main issues and challenges to cooperation duties arising from these ru...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于影响国家监管机构合作职责的国家行政规则的研究", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了“影响国家监管机构合作职责的国家行政规则研究”的最终报告。该研究分析了国家监管机构（SA）在一站式（OSS）程序背景下履行合作职责时适用的国家行政规则，并概述了这些规则中产生的合作职责的主要问题和挑战。" }, { "date": "12 February 2024", "title": "EU Cyber Solidarity Act", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/02/cybersecurity-package-council-adopts-new-laws-to-strengthen-cybersecurity-capacities-in-the-eu/", "description": "On 2 December 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the Cyber Solidarity Act. The Act aims to strengthen the European Union's capabilities to detect, prepare for, and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents. The Act aims to enhance EU-wide detection and situational awareness of cyber threats, strengthen preparedness and response capabilities for significant cybersecurity incidents, and promote European technological sovereignty in cybersecurity. These objectives are envisaged...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟网络团结法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 2 日，欧盟理事会通过了《网络团结法》。该法案旨在加强欧盟检测、准备和应对网络安全威胁和事件的能力。该法案旨在加强欧盟范围内对网络威胁的检测和态势感知，加强对重大网络安全事件的准备和响应能力，并促进欧洲在网络安全方面的技术主权。这些目标是设想..." }, { "date": "4 November 2023", "title": "EU-Korea Joint Statement on cross-border data protection cooperation", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news/joint-press-statement-didier-reynders-european-commissioner-justice-and-ko-haksoo-chair-republic-2023-04-11_en", "description": "On 11 April 2023, the European Commissioner for Justice and the Chair of the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission issued a joint statement regarding their meeting to review the partnership between both parties on privacy and personal data flows, including the EU’s adequacy decision of 2021. Both sides agreed to explore further cooperation on privacy and data flows and to further develop the framework for EU-Korea data flows.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-韩国跨境数据保护合作联合声明", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 11 日，欧盟司法专员和韩国个人信息保护委员会主席就其审查双方在隐私和个人数据流方面的合作关系（包括欧盟 2021 年充分性决定）的会议发表联合声明。双方同意探讨在隐私和数据流方面进一步合作，并进一步制定欧盟-韩国数据流框架。" }, { "date": "4 April 2023", "title": "EDPB letter to the European Parliament, the Council, and the European Commission on data sharing for AML-CFT purposes", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/letters/edpb-letter-european-parliament-council-and-european_en", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a letter sent to the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission on data sharing for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML-CFT) purposes given the Council's mandate for negotiations over European Union-wide regulations. This action followed the Council's adopted position on the Regulation on 5 December 2022 allowing private organisations, including banks ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 致欧洲议会、理事会和欧盟委员会关于用于 AML-CFT 目的数据共享的信函", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 4 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一封致欧洲议会、欧盟理事会和欧盟委员会的信函，内容涉及反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义 (AML-CFT) 目的的数据共享，因为理事会有权就欧盟范围内的法规进行谈判。这一行动是在理事会于 2022 年 12 月 5 日通过该法规的立场后采取的，允许包括银行在内的私人组织......" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "Case C-340/21 on the unlawful access to personal data by third parties (Natsionalna agentsia za prihodite)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2023-04/cp230067en.pdf", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Advocate General issued an opinion regarding Case C-340/21. It concerns the 15 July 2019 National Revenue Agency (NAP) of Bulgaria data breach resulting in the posting of tax and social security information on the internet. Individuals had brought proceedings against NAP in local courts. NAP's involvement was not found to have been liable for the individuals involved, and in the appeal process, the case was referred to the European Court of Justice. The Advocate General ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于第三方非法访问个人数据的案例 C-340/21 (Natsionalnaagentia za prihodite)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 27 日，总检察长就案件 C-340/21 发表了意见。它涉及 2019 年 7 月 15 日保加利亚国家税务局 (NAP) 数据泄露，导致税务和社会保障信息在互联网上发布。个人已向地方法院提起针对 NAP 的诉讼。 NAP的参与并未被认定对涉案个人承担责任，在上诉过程中，该案被移交给欧洲法院。总检察长..." }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "EDPB Data Protection Guide for small business", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2023/edpb-launches-data-protection-guide-small-business_en", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a Data Protection Guide for small business to promote compliance with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Guide is aimed at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and outlines data protection basics, an overview of individuals' rights, data controllers' obligations, and best practices on securing personal data. The Guide also explains how to handle personal data breaches, including the obligation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 小型企业数据保护指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 27 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了小型企业数据保护指南，以促进遵守欧洲通用数据保护条例 (GDPR)。该指南针对中小企业 (SME)，概述了数据保护基础知识、个人权利概述、数据控制者的义务以及保护个人数据的最佳实践。该指南还解释了如何处理个人数据泄露，包括义务......" }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Case C-300/21 on compensation factors relating to infringements of the GDPR (Österreichische Post)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=E8A700E4BF5265C7DA604AED943FFB83?text=&docid=273284&pageIndex=0&doclang=de&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=4149913", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) issued its ruling in Case C-300/21 regarding the unlawful processing of data by the newspaper Österreichische Post (paper). The paper had processed an individual's data without his consent. Thus, the individual requested non-material damage compensation for a significant loss of confidence and emotional distress. The CJEU clarified in its ruling that compensation becomes possible once three conditions are met: a breach of an article of the G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于与违反 GDPR 相关的赔偿因素的案例 C-300/21 (Österreichische Post)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 4 日，欧洲法院 (CJEU) 针对 C-300/21 号案件发布了关于《Österreichische Post》报纸（报纸）非法处理数据的裁决。该报未经个人同意就处理了他的数据。因此，该人因严重丧失信心和精神痛苦而请求非物质损失赔偿。欧盟法院在其裁决中澄清，一旦满足三个条件，就可以进行赔偿：违反欧盟宪法的条款……" }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Case C-487/21 regarding GDPR right to copies of personal data", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=EC7DA1AFEEFC38A2ADFD011B9EA3CA48?text=&docid=273295&pageIndex=0&doclang=de&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3389539", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued its judgement in Case C-487/21 concerning a clarification request by the Federal Administrative Court in Austria that is currently evaluating a complaint brought forth by an individual who requested a copy of his processed data from CRIF, a company specialising in credit and business information systems, analytics, outsourcing and processing services. The company had provided a mere summary of the requested data and not a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关 GDPR 个人数据副本权利的案例 C-487/21", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 4 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对案件 C-487/21 做出了判决，涉及奥地利联邦行政法院提出的澄清请求，该法院目前正在评估一名个人向 CRIF 索要其处理数据副本的投诉，CRIF 是一家专门从事信用和商业信息系统、分析、外包和处理服务的公司。该公司仅提供了所要求数据的摘要，而不是..." }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus use and equivalent surveillance spyware", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230609IPR96217/spyware-meps-call-for-full-investigations-and-safeguards-to-prevent-abuse", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the European Parliament adopted Recommendation to the Council and the Commission following the inquiry into the use of Pegasus and Equivalent Surveillance Spyware and drafted a report including the main findings. The final report found that spyware had been used in certain EU member states to discredit, intimidate and surveil reporters and civil society. The report detailed emerging trends on the usage of technology for repression and the reduction of media freedom. An exampl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "调查 Pegasus 和同等监视间谍软件的使用情况", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，欧洲议会在对 Pegasus 和等效监视间谍软件的使用情况进行调查后，通过了向理事会和委员会提出的建议，并起草了一份包含主要调查结果的报告。最终报告发现，某些欧盟成员国使用间谍软件来抹黑、恐吓和监视记者和民间社会。该报告详细介绍了使用技术进行镇压和减少媒体自由的新趋势。一个例子..." }, { "date": "5 October 2023", "title": "DPA investigation into Clearview AI over its personal data collection and processing practices compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2023/decision-austrian-sa-against-clearview-ai-infringements-articles-5-6-9-27_en", "description": "On 10 May 2023, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued its ruling in the investigation into Clearview AI over its personal data collection and biometric data processing practice. The DPA opened the investigation following a complaint alleging that Clearview AI collected and processed its personal data through the scraping of social media and online video platforms and media outlets. The DPA found that Clearview AI violated several provisions of the General Data Protection Regulat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPA 对 Clearview AI 的个人数据收集和处理实践是否符合 GDPR 进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 10 日，奥地利数据保护局 (DPA) 对 Clearview AI 的个人数据收集和生物识别数据处理实践的调查发布了裁决。在接到投诉后，DPA 启动了调查，指控 Clearview AI 通过抓取社交媒体、在线视频平台和媒体渠道收集和处理其个人数据。 DPA 发现 Clearview AI 违反了《通用数据保护条例》的多项规定..." }, { "date": "8 September 2023", "title": "Commission Implementing Regulation on the design of common logos to identify data intermediation services providers and data altruism organisations under the Data Governance Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/logos-data-intermediaries-and-data-altruism-organisations-recognised-union", "description": "On 9 August 2023, the EU Commission adopted an implementing regulation on the design of common logos to identify data intermediation service providers and data altruism organisations under the Data Governance Act. The regulation introduces standardised logos that can assist stakeholders in identifying data intermediation service providers and data altruism organisations that have been acknowledged in the EU. These organisations are required to display the common logo on all their online and o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会关于根据《数据治理法》设计通用徽标以识别数据中介服务提供商和数据利他组织的实施条例", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 9 日，欧盟委员会根据《数据治理法案》通过了一项关于通用徽标设计的实施条例，以识别数据中介服务提供商和数据利他组织。该法规引入了标准化徽标，可以帮助利益相关者识别欧盟认可的数据中介服务提供商和数据利他组织。这些组织必须在其所有在线和离线网站上显示通用徽标..." }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "Council Decision authorising the opening of negotiations for digital trade disciplines with the Republic of Korea and with Singapore", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_23_3572", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the Council of the European Union adopted the Decision authorising the opening of negotiations for digital trade disciplines with the Republic of Korea and with Singapore. The decision is based on Article 218 (3) of the TEU, which states that the Commission shall present recommendations to the Council, which will adopt a decision authorising the commencement of discussions and appointing the Union negotiator. The decision is founded on the premise that the EU has significant ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "理事会决定授权与韩国和新加坡启动数字贸易纪律谈判", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 27 日，欧盟理事会通过了决定，授权与韩国和新加坡启动数字贸易纪律谈判。该决定基于 TEU 第 218 (3) 条，其中规定委员会应向理事会提出建议，理事会将通过一项决定，授权开始讨论并任命联盟谈判代表。该决定的前提是欧盟具有重大......" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "EDPB legal studies concerning the right to object and the right to erasure under the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/one-stop-shop-case-digest-right-object-and-right-erasure_en", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a legal study on the right to object and erasure under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The legal study was conducted by consulting the one-stop-shop decision in the EDPB's public register, taken by Supervisory Authorities (SAs) acting as Lead Supervisory Authorities (LSAs) concerning Articles 17 and 21 of the GDPR. The study points out that most cases do not involve significant breaches of GDPR or have severe c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于 GDPR 下反对权和删除权的法律研究", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份关于《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 下反对权和删除权的法律研究报告。这项法律研究是通过咨询 EDPB 公共登记册中的一站式决定来进行的，该决定是由作为主要监管机构 (LSA) 的监管机构 (SA) 就 GDPR 第 17 条和第 21 条做出的。研究指出，大多数案件并不涉及严重违反 GDPR 的行为或具有严重的..." }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "Guide on ASEAN Model Contractual Clauses and EU Standard Contractual Clauses", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/news-and-events/announcements/2024/02/two-guides-unveiled-at-adgmin-2024", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Digital Ministers adopted the Joint Guide to ASEAN Model Contractual Clauses and EU Standard Contractual Clauses, including new information on the personal data transfer mechanisms and legal clarifications. The Guide outlines the similarities and differences between the ASEAN and EU standard contractual clauses and includes the best practices to enable entities to comply with the data protection regulations in both jurisdi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东盟示范合同条款和欧盟标准合同条款指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 2 日，东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 数字部长通过了《东盟示范合同条款和欧盟标准合同条款联合指南》，其中包括有关个人数据传输机制和法律澄清的新信息。该指南概述了东盟和欧盟标准合同条款之间的异同，并包括使实体能够遵守两个司法管辖区的数据保护法规的最佳实践。" }, { "date": "5 December 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit over alleged violation of cross-border data transfer regulations under the GDPR", "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?SkipToDocumentPage=True&Abfrage=Bvwg&Dokumentnummer=BVWGT_20230512_W245_2252208_1_00", "description": "On 12 May 2023, the Austrian Federal Administrative Court issued a ruling in a civil lawsuit over an alleged violation of cross-border data transfer regulations. The complainant argued that they had visited the defendant's website and during the visit, they were logged into an account associated with their email address and personal data, including the IP address and cookie data, were processed and transferred to a third country. The defendant had embedded on the website HTML code for various...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉嫌违反 GDPR 跨境数据传输规定的民事诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 12 日，奥地利联邦行政法院就涉嫌违反跨境数据传输法规的民事诉讼作出裁决。申诉人辩称，他们访问了被告的网站，在访问期间，他们登录了与其电子邮件地址相关的帐户，并且包括 IP 地址和 cookie 数据在内的个人数据被处理并转移到第三国。被告在网站上嵌入了各种 HTML 代码..." }, { "date": "28 June 2023", "title": "EU Commission Delegated Regulation with regard to the provision of EU-wide multimodal travel information services", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12912-EU-wide-multimodal-travel-new-specifications-for-information-services_en", "description": "On 28 June 2023, the public consultation closes on the European Commission draft Delegated Regulation amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/1926 supplementing Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the provision of EU-wide multimodal travel information services. The regulatory changes would apply to multimodal travel information services in the European Union. The draft Delegated Regulation outlines the data types that would be required to be made ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会关于提供欧盟范围内多式联运旅行信息服务的授权监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 28 日，欧盟委员会授权法规草案修订授权法规 (EU) 2017/1926 的公众咨询结束，该法规补充了欧洲议会和理事会关于提供欧盟范围内多式联运信息服务的指令 2010/40/EU。监管变化将适用于欧盟的多式联运旅行信息服务。授权法规草案概述了需要制作的数据类型......" }, { "date": "11 September 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on the Restriction of Information Society Services Through Abstract Legislative Measures (Google, Meta and Tik Tok v Komm Austria, Case C-376/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2023-11/cp230167en.pdf", "description": "On 9 November 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued its ruling on Case C-376/22 on the restriction of information society services through legislative measures brought before the court by Google, Meta, and TikTok against Komm Austria. The Court ruled that under Directive 2000/31 on Information Society Services, in particular electronic commerce, a Member State cannot subject a platform to “general and abstract obligations” when the platform has its main establishment in ano...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过抽象立法措施限制信息社会服务诉讼（Google、Meta 和 Tik Tok 诉 Komm Austria，案例 C-376/22）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 9 日，欧盟法院就 Google、Meta 和 TikTok 针对 Komm Austria 向法院提起的关于通过立法措施限制信息社会服务的 C-376/22 号案件作出裁决。法院裁定，根据关于信息社会服务（特别是电子商务）的第 2000/31 号指令，当平台的主要机构位于其他国家/地区时，成员国不能要求平台承担“一般和抽象义务”。" }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "5G Progress Report of EU Member States", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/second-report-member-states-progress-implementing-eu-toolbox-5g-cybersecurity", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the EU Member States and, with the support of the Commission and the EU Agency For Cybersecurity, released a second progress report on the implementation of the EU Toolbox on 5g Cybersecurity. The report specifies that 24 Member States have already adopted or are preparing legislation to enable national authorities to assess suppliers and impose restrictions on suppliers classified as high-risk, and 10 have imposed restrictions on specific providers. The Commission recommend...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟成员国5G进展报告", "description_zh": "2023年6月15日，欧盟成员国在欧盟委员会和欧盟网络安全机构的支持下，发布了关于欧盟5G网络安全工具箱实施情况的第二份进度报告。报告指出，24个成员国已经通过或正在准备立法，使国家当局能够评估供应商并对被归类为高风险的供应商施加限制，10个成员国已对特定供应商施加限制。委员会建议..." }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "EU Commission Communication on the Implementation of the 5G cybersecurity Toolbox", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/communication-commission-implementation-5g-cybersecurity-toolbox", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the European Commission adopted a communication on the implementation of the 5G cybersecurity Toolbox. In particular, the Commission specifies the actions taken and the measures implemented to ensure the appropriate level of cybersecurity of its corporate communications and funding activities. The Commission addressed the measures implemented by Member States excluding specific suppliers from their 5G networks, specifically Huawei and ZTE, noting that the measures were justif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会关于实施 5G 网络安全工具箱的通讯", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，欧盟委员会通过了关于实施 5G 网络安全工具箱的通讯。委员会特别规定了为确保其企业通信和融资活动达到适当的网络安全水平而采取的行动和措施。欧盟委员会讨论了成员国将特定供应商排除在其 5G 网络之外的措施，特别是华为和中兴通讯，并指出这些措施是合理的……" }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Lawsuit involving the right to know the date of and the reasons for the consultation of his or her personal data (Apulaistietosuojavaltuutettu v Pankki S/ Case C-579/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=274867&pageIndex=0&doclang=de&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=499431", "description": "On 22 June 2023, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) issued its ruling in a lawsuit involving the right of an individual to know the date of and the reasons for the consultation of his or her personal data based on Article 15 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in the case Apulaistietosuojavaltuutettu v Pankki S, Case C-579/21. The CJEU ruled that individuals have the right to know when and why their personal data is accessed, regardless of whether the data controller is a bank. In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及了解其个人数据的日期和原因的诉讼（Apulaistietosuojavaltuutettu v Pankki S/ Case C-579/21）", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 22 日，欧洲法院 (CJEU) 在 Apulaistietosuojavaltuutettu v Pankki S 案（案件 C-579/21）中，根据《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）第 15 条，就涉及个人了解其个人数据的日期和原因的权利的诉讼作出裁决。欧盟法院裁定，个人有权知道其个人数据何时以及为何被访问，无论数据控制者是否是银行。在..." }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "Digital Trade in EU-Japan Economic Dialogue", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3530", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the EU and Japan held the third High-Level Economic Dialogue including cooperation on digital trade. In particular, the parties concluded the “EU-Japan Digital Trade Principles” which are non-binding and cover data governance, digital trade facilitation, consumer trust and business trust building from the G7 Digital Trade Principles and the World Trade Organization e-commerce negotiations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-日本经济对话中的数字贸易", "description_zh": "2023年6月27日，欧盟和日本举行第三次高层经济对话，内容包括数字贸易合作。特别是，双方缔结了“欧盟-日本数字贸易原则”，该原则不具约束力，涵盖七国集团数字贸易原则和世界贸易组织电子商务谈判的数据治理、数字贸易便利化、消费者信任和企业信任建设。" }, { "title": "EU Regulation laying down additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of GDPR in cross-border cases", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202502518", "description": "On 2 April 2027, the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down additional procedural rules relating to the enforcement of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 enters into force. The regulation aims to harmonise the criteria for assessing the admissibility of cross-border complaints and clarifies the rights of complainants and entities under investigation. The regulation establishes the same admissibility standards no matter where in the EU the GDPR complaint was filed. Both com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟法规制定了与跨境案件中执行 GDPR 相关的附加程序规则", "description_zh": "欧洲议会和理事会制定的与执行 (EU) 2016/679 号法规相关的附加程序规则的法规于 2027 年 4 月 2 日生效。该条例旨在统一评估跨境投诉可受理性的标准，并明确投诉人和受调查实体的权利。无论 GDPR 投诉在欧盟何处提出，该法规都制定了相同的受理标准。两者都..." }, { "date": "7 May 2023", "title": "Guidelines on Data Protection for the Processing of Personal Data for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Purposes", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/data-protection/-/guidelines-on-data-protection-for-the-processing-of-personal-data-for-anti-money-laundering/countering-financing-of-terrorism-purposes", "description": "On 5 July 2023, the Committee of Convention 108 adopted the \"Guidelines on Data Protection for the Processing of Personal Data for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Financing of Terrorism Purposes\". The purpose of the Guidelines is to offer guidance on how to integrate the requirements of Convention 108+ in the area of AML/CFT in order to provide for an appropriate level of data protection while facilitating transborder data flows, and to highlight certain areas in the AML/CFT context wher...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义目的而处理个人数据的数据保护指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 5 日，第 108 号公约委员会通过了《为反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义目的处理个人数据的数据保护指南》。该指南的目的是就如何在反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义领域整合第108+号公约的要求提供指导，以便在促进跨境数据流动的同时提供适当水平的数据保护，并强调反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义背景下的某些领域……" }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Tool for Assessment of Cybersecurity Maturity by SMEs", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/diagnose-your-sme2019s-cybersecurity-and-scan-for-recommendations", "description": "On 28 March 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) launched a tool for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to assess their cybersecurity maturity. The tool aims to assist SMEs in tackling cybersecurity challenges and identifying areas for improvement. By using this tool, SMEs can determine the risks they are exposed to and receive a remediation plan to mitigate those risks and enhance their overall cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中小企业网络安全成熟度评估工具", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 28 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 推出了一款供中小企业 (SME) 评估其网络安全成熟度的工具。该工具旨在帮助中小企业应对网络安全挑战并确定需要改进的领域。通过使用此工具，中小企业可以确定他们面临的风险，并获得补救计划以减轻这些风险并增强整体网络安全。" }, { "date": "27 March 2023", "title": "ENISA inquiry into Cloud Security Market", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/every-cloud-cybersecurity-market-has-a-silver-lining", "description": "On 27 March 2023, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) published the Cloud Security Market Analysis. The report highlights the challenge of assessing cloud cybersecurity services due to bundled offerings from the same providers, leading to difficulties distinguishing specific cybersecurity components. Inconsistencies were observed in the perception of threats between supply and demand, with misconfigurations being a significant concern for supply-side respondents. On the demand...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ENISA 对云安全市场的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 27 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 发布了云安全市场分析。该报告强调了评估云网络安全服务的挑战，因为同一提供商提供捆绑产品，导致难以区分特定的网络安全组件。供应方和需求方对威胁的看法存在不一致，其中配置错误是供应方受访者最关心的问题。根据要求..." }, { "date": "27 March 2023", "title": "Europol report on the impact of Large Language Models on Law Enforcement", "url": "https://www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/Tech%20Watch%20Flash%20-%20The%20Impact%20of%20Large%20Language%20Models%20on%20Law%20Enforcement.pdf", "description": "On 27 March 2023, the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) published a report on the impact of Large Language Models, focusing on ChatGPT. The report highlights potential criminal uses of ChatGPT, including prompt engineering to bypass moderation rules and generate harmful responses. It warns of risks such as accelerated research for malicious activities, online fraud, propagation of propaganda and hate speech, and the generation of code for malware.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲刑警组织关于大型语言模型对执法影响的报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 27 日，欧盟执法合作机构 (Europol) 发布了一份关于大型语言模型影响的报告，重点关注 ChatGPT。该报告强调了 ChatGPT 的潜在犯罪用途，包括绕过审核规则并生成有害响应的提示工程。它警告了诸如恶意活动加速研究、在线欺诈、宣传和仇恨言论传播以及恶意软件代码生成等风险。" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Regulatory Technical Standards on specifying the criteria for the classification of ICT related incidents, materiality thresholds for major incidents and significant cyber threats under DORA", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/system/files/2024-01/JC%202023%2083%20-%20Final%20Report%20on%20draft%20RTS%20on%20classification%20of%20major%20incidents%20and%20significant%20cyber%20threats.pdf", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) published a draft Regulatory Technical Standard on the criteria for the classification of major ICT incidents and significant cyber threats under DORA. The RTS aim to harmonise the criteria and thresholds for classifying and reporting major ICT-related incidents across financial sectors to enable better monitoring and response to cyber risks. Incidents would be defined as major if they impact critical service...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "监管技术标准，规定 DORA 下 ICT 相关事件的分类标准、重大事件和重大网络威胁的重要性阈值", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，欧洲三个监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）发布了一份关于 DORA 下重大 ICT 事件和重大网络威胁分类标准的监管技术标准草案。 RTS 旨在协调金融部门重大 ICT 相关事件的分类和报告标准和阈值，以便更好地监控和应对网络风险。如果事件影响关键服务，则事件将被定义为重大事件......" }, { "date": "25 July 2023", "title": "Commission Delegated Regulation establishing List of Essential Services under Critical Entities Resilience Directive", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3992", "description": "On 25 July 2023, the European Commission adopted a Delegated Regulation establishing the List of Essential Services under the Critical Entities Resilience Directive, which entered into force on 16 January 2023. In particular, the Commission proposed a non-exhaustive list of services for the eleven sectors and subsectors covered by the Directive, including the Digital infrastructure sector, with services such as the provision and operation of internet exchange point service, domain name syste...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会授权法规根据关键实体弹性指令制定基本服务清单", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 25 日，欧盟委员会通过了一项授权法规，根据关键实体复原力指令建立了基本服务清单，该清单于 2023 年 1 月 16 日生效。特别是，欧盟委员会为该指令涵盖的 11 个部门和子部门提出了一份非详尽的服务清单，其中包括数字基础设施部门，其中包括提供和运营互联网交换点服务、域名系统等服务。" }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "European Commission template for gatekeepers relating to the reporting on consumer profiling techniques under the DMA", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_23_6568", "description": "On 7 March 2024, the requirement for designated gatekeepers to submit reports relating to the consumer profiling techniques employed ended. The European Commission adopted the template for the annual submission of descriptions of consumer profiling techniques and their audits, as mandated by Article 15 of the Digital Markets Act (DMA). Designated gatekeepers are obligated to provide comprehensive and transparent reports on the methodologies employed for profiling consumers on core platform se...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与 DMA 下的消费者分析技术报告相关的欧盟委员会守门人模板", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 7 日，指定看门人提交与所采用的消费者分析技术相关的报告的要求终止。根据《数字市场法》(DMA) 第 15 条的规定，欧盟委员会采用了每年提交消费者分析技术及其审核描述的模板。指定的看门人有义务就在核心平台服务上分析消费者所采用的方法提供全面、透明的报告。" }, { "date": "8 July 2023", "title": "RTR investigation into Mass Response over access restriction to streaming link portal", "url": "https://www.rtr.at/TKP/aktuelles/entscheidungen/entscheidungen/r2_23.de.html", "description": "On 7 August 2023, the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR) issued a decision regarding its investigation into Mass Response Service GmbH access restrictions to the \"newalbumreleases\" streaming link portal. In particular, the RTR decided to discontinue the procedure after its investigation determined that the company's blocking of specific domains related to \"newalbumreleases\" due to copyright claims was proportional and did not breach Article 3(3) of the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RTR 对流媒体链接门户访问限制的 Mass Response 进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 7 日，奥地利广播和电信监管局 (RTR) 发布了一项关于调查 Mass Response Service GmbH 对“newalbumreleases”流媒体链接门户的访问限制的决定。特别是，RTR 在调查确定该公司因版权主张而屏蔽与“newalbumreleases”相关的特定域名是相称的且没有违反该协议第 3(3) 条后决定终止该程序。" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Amazon Lawsuit against European Commission regarding designation as Very Large Online Platform (Case T-367/23 / C-639/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-11/cp250144en.pdf", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the General Court of the European Union issued its judgment in Case T-367/23, Amazon EU v Commission, dismissing Amazon's action seeking annulment of the Commission's designation of the Amazon Store platform as a very large online platform under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The Court ruled that the designation criteria set out in Article 33 and the related systemic risk management obligations outlined in Articles 34 to 43 of the DSA, which among others incorporate non-...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚马逊针对欧盟委员会就指定超大型在线平台提起诉讼（案件 T-367/23 / C-639/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 19 日，欧盟普通法院就 T-367/23 号案件“亚马逊欧盟诉委员会”作出判决，驳回亚马逊寻求撤销委员会根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 将亚马逊商店平台指定为超大型在线平台的诉讼。法院裁定，DSA 第 33 条规定的指定标准以及第 34 至 43 条规定的相关系统性风险管理义务，其中包括非..." }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Regulation on a Framework for Financial Data Access", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20251121IPR31540/payment-services-deal-more-protection-from-online-fraud-and-hidden-fees", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the European Parliament and Council reached an agreement on the Third Payment Services Directive (PSD3). The Third Payment Services Directive seeks to ensure fair competition among payment service providers by addressing authorisation and supervisory powers and improving access to cash, particularly in remote areas. It establishes a simplified authorisation procedure for payment institutions requiring prudential and capital requirements, accurate own-funds calculations, r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "金融数据访问框架的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 27 日，欧洲议会和理事会就第三支付服务指令 (PSD3) 达成协议。第三支付服务指令旨在通过解决授权和监督权力问题以及改善现金获取渠道（特别是在偏远地区）来确保支付服务提供商之间的公平竞争。它为支付机构建立了简化的授权程序，要求审慎和资本要求、准确的自有资金计算、..." }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Regulation on Payment Services in the Internal Market", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20251121IPR31540/payment-services-deal-more-protection-from-online-fraud-and-hidden-fees", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the European Parliament and Council reached an agreement on the Payment Services Regulation (PSR) for the internal market. The PSR regulates personal data processing for fraud prevention and secure payment execution. It sets conditions for fraud-related information sharing and for access to payment account data in open banking while maintaining alignment with Regulation (EU) 2016/679.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《内部市场支付服务条例》中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 27 日，欧洲议会和理事会就内部市场的支付服务法规 (PSR) 达成协议。 PSR 规范个人数据处理，以防止欺诈和安全支付执行。它为欺诈相关信息共享和开放银行中支付账户数据的访问设定了条件，同时保持与法规 (EU) 2016/679 的一致。" }, { "date": "22 August 2023", "title": "Directive on Payment Services and Electronic Money Services in the Internal Market", "url": "https://edps.europa.eu/system/files/2023-08/2023-0729_d2434_opinion_en.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2023, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued an opinion on the proposal of the European Commission for a directive on payment services and electronic money services in the internal market. The proposal aims to enhance the processing of personal data in payment services while aligning with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It seeks to enable payment systems and service providers to process special categories of personal data in the public interest to en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "内部市场支付服务和电子货币服务指令", "description_zh": "2023年8月22日，欧洲数据保护监管机构（EDPS）就欧盟委员会关于内部市场支付服务和电子货币服务指令的提案发表意见。该提案旨在加强支付服务中个人数据的处理，同时符合《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。它旨在使支付系统和服务提供商能够出于公共利益处理特殊类别的个人数据，以确保..." }, { "date": "13 December 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR)", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/product-safety-and-requirements/product-safety/general-product-safety-regulation_en#timeline-and-process", "description": "On 13 December 2024, the General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) came into force, which establishes a wide-ranging legal framework for ensuring the safety of non-food consumer products – items designed for consumer use or those reasonably expected to be used by consumers. Its specific focus is to address safety challenges stemming from novel technologies and the landscape of online selling. Embedded within the GPSR are provisions for cybersecurity regulation. During the evaluation of a produ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一般产品安全法规 (GPSR) 中的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 13 日，《通用产品安全条例》(GPSR) 生效，该条例建立了广泛的法律框架，以确保非食品消费品（设计供消费者使用的物品或合理预期消费者使用的物品）的安全。其具体重点是解决新技术和在线销售格局带来的安全挑战。 GPSR 中嵌入了网络安全监管条款。在评估产品时..." }, { "date": "9 March 2025", "title": "Zalando lawsuit challenging European Commission's designation as very large online platform under Digital Services Act (Zalando v Commission)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-09/cp250105en.pdf", "description": "On 3 September 2025, the General Court of the European Union dismissed Zalando’s appeal against the European Commission’s April 2023 decision designating it as a very large online platform under the Digital Services Regulation. The designation applies to Zalando’s Partner Programme with third-party sellers, which was found to have over 83 million active monthly recipients, above the 45 million threshold. The Court confirmed that Zalando is not an online platform for its own retail sales but u...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zalando 提起诉讼，挑战欧盟委员会根据《数字服务法》将其指定为大型在线平台（Zalando 诉委员会）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 3 日，欧盟普通法院驳回了 Zalando 针对欧盟委员会 2023 年 4 月决定将其指定为《数字服务条例》下的超大型在线平台的上诉。该称号适用于 Zalando 与第三方卖家的合作伙伴计划，该计划每月有超过 8300 万活跃接收者，高于 4500 万门槛。法院确认 Zalando 不是自己零售的在线平台，但..." }, { "date": "9 July 2023", "title": "Council of Europe Model Contractual Clauses for the Transfer of Personal Data from Controller to Processor under Convention 108", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/t-pd-2023-4-en-mcc-module-2-/1680ac895f", "description": "On 7 September 2023, the Council of Europe published the Model Contractual Clauses for the Transfer of Personal Data from Controller to Processor under the Amending Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108). The clauses aim to ensure that the transfer of personal data to an entity established in a jurisdiction that is non-party of Convention 108, as modified by Protocol CETS No. 223 (the Convention) complies w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会根据第 108 号公约将个人数据从控制者转移到处理者的示范合同条款", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 7 日，欧洲委员会根据《个人数据处理方面保护个人公约》（第 108 号公约）修订议定书发布了《从控制者到处理者传输个人数据的示范合同条款》。这些条款旨在确保向非第 108 号公约缔约方（经 CETS 第 223 号议定书（“公约”）修改的司法管辖区设立的实体传输个人数据符合..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "European Commission investigation into X's compliance with DSA requirements to address illegal content and disinformation", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_203", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the European Commission extended its existing investigation into X to further evaluate the platform's compliance with risk management obligations for recommender systems under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The original investigation, initiated in December 2023, is being broadened to address ongoing concerns regarding the platform's systemic risk mitigation strategies. As a designated very large online platform (VLOP), X is required to manage the potential negative impact...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会调查 X 是否遵守 DSA 要求以解决非法内容和虚假信息", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，欧盟委员会扩大了对 X 的现有调查，以进一步评估该平台是否遵守《数字服务法》(DSA) 下的推荐系统风险管理义务。最初的调查于 2023 年 12 月启动，目前正在扩大范围，以解决对该平台系统性风险缓解策略的持续担忧。作为指定的超大型在线平台（VLOP），X需要管理潜在的负面影响......" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit requesting suspension of execution of adequacy decision for EU-US Data Privacy Framework (Latombe v Commission)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/fiche.jsf?id=C%3B703%3B25%3BPV%3B1%3BP%3B1%3B&nat=or&mat=or&pcs=Oor&jur=C%2CT%2CF&num=C-703%252F25P&for=&jge=&dates=&language=en&pro=&cit=none%252CC%252CCJ%252CR%252C2008E%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252C%252Ctrue%252Cfalse%252Cfalse&oqp=&td=%3BALL&avg=&lgrec=en&lg=&cid=4260047", "description": "On 31 October 2025, Philippe Latombe filed an appeal (Case C-703/25 P) against a ruling by the General Court that upheld the validity of the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF), seeking review of the General Court’s judgment in Case T-553/23. The appeal contests the General Court’s decision of 3 September 2025, which dismissed the action contesting the European Commission’s adequacy decision on the EU–United States Data Protection Framework adopted on 10 July 2023. In the underlying ruling, th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求暂停执行欧盟-美国数据隐私框架充分性决定的诉讼（Latombe v Commission）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 31 日，Philippe Latombe 针对普通法院维持欧盟-美国数据隐私框架 (DPF) 有效性的裁决提出上诉（案例 C-703/25 P），寻求对普通法院在案例 T-553/23 中的判决进行复审。该上诉对普通法院 2025 年 9 月 3 日的裁决提出质疑，该裁决驳回了针对欧盟委员会 2023 年 7 月 10 日通过的欧盟-美国数据保护框架充分性决定的诉讼。在基本裁决中，..." }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "EDPB Coordinated Enforcement Action on the implementation of the right of access by controllers", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2025-01/edpb_cef-report-2024_20250116_rightofaccess_en.pdf", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued findings from its coordinated enforcement actions focusing on the implementation of the right of access (to data) by controllers under the GDPR. As part of the 2024 Coordinated Enforcement Framework (CEF) initiative, first announced on 17 October 2023, 30 supervisory authorities (SAs) across the EEA conducted investigations into controllers' compliance with the right of access. These investigations included a questionnaire c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于控制者访问权实施的协调执法行动", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 16 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了其协调执法行动的调查结果，重点是控制者根据 GDPR 实施访问（数据）权。作为 2023 年 10 月 17 日首次宣布的 2024 年协调执行框架 (CEF) 倡议的一部分，欧洲经济区的 30 个监管机构 (SA) 对控制者遵守访问权的情况进行了调查。这些调查包括一份问卷调查..." }, { "date": "17 November 2023", "title": "EU cybersecurity regulations regarding the electricity sector", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13101-EU-electricity-supply-sector-specific-rules-on-cybersecurity-network-code-_en", "description": "On 17 November 2023, the European Commission closed its consultation on the draft for cybersecurity regulations regarding the electricity sector under Regulation (EU) 2019/934. The Regulation aims to establish a cross-border risk management process, clearly defining roles and responsibilities, enabling information flow for cybersecurity, and establishing rules for protecting the exchange of information. Furthermore, the Commission proposes to create regulations for crisis management and incid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟有关电力行业的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 17 日，欧盟委员会根据 (EU) 2019/934 法规结束了对电力行业网络安全法规草案的磋商。该条例旨在建立跨境风险管理流程，明确角色和职责，实现网络安全信息流动，并建立保护信息交换的规则。此外，委员会建议制定危机管理和事件法规……" }, { "date": "12 December 2023", "title": "Consumer protection regulation concerning addictive design of online services", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231208IPR15767/new-eu-rules-needed-to-address-digital-addiction", "description": "On 12 December 2023, the European Parliament adopted a report on the addictive design of online services such as social media, streaming services, and online games, highlighting their potential adverse effect on mental health. The Parliament recommends that the Commission present new regulations on addictive design since they are currently insufficiently regulated in the Digital Services Act (DSA), the Artificial Intelligence Act, and the Unfair Commercial Practices Act. If not addressed by t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于在线服务成瘾设计的消费者保护法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 12 日，欧洲议会通过了一份关于社交媒体、流媒体服务和在线游戏等在线服务的成瘾设计的报告，强调了它们对心理健康的潜在不利影响。议会建议委员会就成瘾性设计制定新的法规，因为目前《数字服务法》(DSA)、《人工智能法》和《不公平商业行为法》对这些法规的监管不够充分。如果没有解决..." }, { "date": "24 October 2023", "title": "Declaration on protection of digital rights in the development of neurotechnology", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/ca-es/comunicacion/Pagines/declaraci%C3%B3n-neurotecnolog%C3%ADa-Le%C3%B3n-2023.aspx", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the Ministers of Telecommunications from the EU Members issued a declaration regarding the protection of digital rights in the development of neurotechnology. The declaration aims to promote the advancement of human-centric neurotechnologies while considering fundamental human rights. The Ministers seek to counter new mechanisms of cyberattacks and disinformation dissemination. The EU aims to encourage cooperation between the public and private sectors and create a dynamic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "神经技术发展中保护数字权利宣言", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 24 日，欧盟成员国电信部长发表了关于在神经技术发展中保护数字权利的宣言。该宣言旨在促进以人为本的神经技术的进步，同时考虑基本人权。部长们寻求对抗网络攻击和虚假信息传播的新机制。欧盟旨在鼓励公共和私营部门之间的合作，并创造一个充满活力的......" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "EU-Japan protocol amending the Economic Partnership Agreement including provisions on cross-border data flows", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_3581", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Protocol amending the European Union and Japan Agreement for an Economic Partnership to include provisions regarding the free flow of data entered into force. The Protocol aims to provide greater legal certainty, ensuring that data flows between the EU and Japan will not be restricted by unjustified data localisation measures. The agreement also supports the “Data Free Flow with Trust,” which focuses on international cooperation regarding data flows based on shared values....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-日本修订经济伙伴关系协议的协议，包括跨境数据流的规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，修订欧盟和日本经济伙伴关系协定的议定书生效，其中包括有关数据自由流动的条款。该协议旨在提供更大的法律确定性，确保欧盟和日本之间的数据流动不会受到不合理的数据本地化措施的限制。该协议还支持“信任的数据自由流动”，重点是基于共同价值观的数据流动国际合作......" }, { "date": "20 October 2023", "title": "Council conclusions on Digital Empowerment to Protect and Enforce Fundamental Rights in the Digital Age", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/10/20/council-sets-out-vision-for-protecting-fundamental-rights-in-the-digital-world/", "description": "On 20 October 2023, the Council of the European Union approved its conclusion on a plan to protect fundamental rights in the digital world. The plan focuses on two main areas, empowering individuals and key sectors and creating secure online spaces. The Council calls on Member States to promote media and digital literacy to ensure equal access to online public services and privacy. Moreover, States should allocate funds for digital education. In the effort to achieve a safe digital environmen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于数字赋权以保护和执行数字时代基本权利的结论", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 20 日，欧盟理事会批准了关于保护数字世界基本权利的计划的结论。该计划重点关注两个主要领域，即赋予个人和关键部门权力以及创建安全的在线空间。理事会呼吁会员国提高媒体和数字素养，以确保平等获得在线公共服务和隐私。此外，各国应为数字教育分配资金。在努力实现安全的数字环境..." }, { "date": "19 February 2024", "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok's compliance with Digital Service Act's obligations concerning protection of minors, advertising transparency, data access for researchers, harmful content and risk management of addictive design", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_926", "description": "On 19 February 2024, the European Commission announced it had initiated formal proceedings to investigate TikTok's compliance with the Digital Services Act (DSA) regarding protection of minors, advertising transparency, data access for researchers, and risk management of addictive design and harmful content. In particular, the Commission will investigate whether the company complies with the DSA obligations on assessment and mitigation of systemic risks associated to behavioral addiction sin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会调查 TikTok 是否遵守《数字服务法》有关保护未成年人、广告透明度、研究人员数据访问、有害内容和成瘾设计风险管理等义务的情况", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 19 日，欧盟委员会宣布已启动正式程序，调查 TikTok 在保护未成年人、广告透明度、研究人员数据访问以及成瘾设计和有害内容风险管理方面是否遵守《数字服务法》(DSA)。特别是，委员会将调查该公司是否遵守 DSA 评估和减轻与行为成瘾相关的系统性风险的义务。" }, { "date": "10 April 2023", "title": "Supervising AI by Competent Authorities Project", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/designing-institutional-frameworks-ethical-governance-ai-netherlands-0", "description": "On 4 October 2023, the European Commission, the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure and UNESCO launched a project establishing a national Artificial Intelligence (AI) supervision system. The aim is to develop a governance and supervision framework for AI applications. The project aligns with the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, which aims at establishing the world's first rules on Artificial Intelligence. UNESCO is involved in analysing institutional designs for AI supervision. The proj...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "主管部门监管人工智能项目", "description_zh": "2023年10月4日，欧盟委员会、荷兰数字基础设施管理局和联合国教科文组织启动了建立国家人工智能（AI）监管系统的项目。目的是开发人工智能应用的治理和监督框架。该项目符合欧盟人工智能法案，旨在建立世界上第一条人工智能规则。教科文组织参与分析人工智能监管的制度设计。该项目..." }, { "date": "26 May 2021", "title": "EDPB Guidance on certification criteria assessment (Addendum to Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation)", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2021/guidance-certification-criteria-assessment_en", "description": "On 26 May 2021, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closed the public consultation on the Guidelines on certification criteria assessment (Addendum to Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria in accordance with Articles 42 and 43 of the Regulation). The guidelines are addressed to entities involved in the drafting of certification criteria in the context of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) certification to enable Supervisory Authorities and th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于认证标准评估的指南（关于根据《条例》第 42 条和第 43 条进行认证和确定认证标准的指南 1/2018 的附录）", "description_zh": "2021 年 5 月 26 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 结束了关于认证标准评估指南（关于认证和根据法规第 42 条和第 43 条确定认证标准的指南 1/2018 的附录）的公众咨询。该指南适用于在通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 认证背景下参与起草认证标准的实体，以使监管机构和第三方能够..." }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Regulatory Technical Standards on specifying certain criteria and fees relating to critical ICT third-party service providers under DORA", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/system/files/2024-01/JC%202023%2084%20-%20Final%20report%20on%20draft%20RTS%20to%20specify%20the%20policy%20on%20ICT%20services%20supporting%20critical%20or%20important%20functions.pdf", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) published a draft Regulatory Technical Standard (RTS) to further harmonise ICT risk management tools, methods, processes and policies as mandated under DORA. These proposed RTS outline governance, risk management, and internal control requirements for financial entities when engaging ICT third-party service providers, aiming to ensure control over operational risks, information security, and business continui...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DORA 规定与关键 ICT 第三方服务提供商相关的某些标准和费用的监管技术标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）发布了监管技术标准 (RTS) 草案，以进一步协调 DORA 规定的 ICT 风险管理工具、方法、流程和政策。这些拟议的 RTS 概述了金融实体在与 ICT 第三方服务提供商合作时的治理、风险管理和内部控制要求，旨在确保对运营风险、信息安全和业务连续性的控制。" }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "EDPB Guidelines 2/2023 on technical scope of Art. 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/guidelines/guidelines-22023-technical-scope-art-53-eprivacy-directive_en", "description": "On 16 October 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted guidelines addressing the applicability of Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive to emerging tracking technologies. The guidelines build upon the previous Opinion 9/2014, focusing on device fingerprinting, and aim to clarify the directive's application to technologies such as URL and pixel tracking, local processing, and unique identifiers, among others. The guidelines are addressed to data controllers and individuals and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于第 2 条技术范围的 EDPB 指南 2/2023电子隐私指令第 5(3) 条", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了关于《电子隐私指令》第 5(3) 条对新兴跟踪技术的适用性的指南。该指南以之前的意见 9/2014 为基础，重点关注设备指纹识别，旨在阐明该指令在 URL 和像素跟踪、本地处理和唯一标识符等技术中的应用。该指南针对数据控制者和个人，并且......" }, { "date": "12 January 2023", "title": "Digital Services Terms and Conditions Database", "url": "https://platform-contracts.digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/", "description": "On 1 December 2023, the European Commission launched the Digital Services Terms and Conditions Database. The database seeks to track the terms and conditions of digital services. The Digital Service Act (DSA) requires online platforms to provide an easy-to-understand, plain-language summary of their terms and conditions in the languages of the Member States where they operate. The purpose of the database is to provide users, regulators, and stakeholders with information on the terms and condi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字服务条款和条件数据库", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 1 日，欧盟委员会启动了数字服务条款和条件数据库。该数据库旨在跟踪数字服务的条款和条件。 《数字服务法》(DSA) 要求在线平台以其运营所在成员国的语言提供易于理解、通俗易懂的条款和条件摘要。该数据库的目的是向用户、监管机构和利益相关者提供有关条款和条件的信息..." }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "Regulation extending derogation from the ePrivacy Directive to support the detection of child sexual abuse", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32024R1307", "description": "On 3 April 2026, the Regulation on the Extension of Derogation from the ePrivacy Directive for the purpose of identifying Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) online expires. The extension concerns an exemption from data protection regulations, which grants providers offering number-independent interpersonal communication services, such as messaging services, the authority to use technologies for processing personal and other data to identify, report, and remove instances of online child sexua...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "扩大电子隐私指令减损范围的法规以支持儿童性虐待的侦查", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 3 日，为了在线识别儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 而延长电子隐私指令克减的规定到期。此次延期涉及数据保护法规的豁免，该法规授予提供与号码无关的人际通信服务（例如消息服务）的提供商有权使用处理个人和其他数据的技术来识别、报告和删除在线儿童性行为的实例。" }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Council Decision on the conclusion of EU-Japan agreement on cross-border data flows", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/04/29/eu-japan-the-council-approves-a-protocol-to-facilitate-free-flow-of-data/", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Council of the European Union adopted the decision on the conclusion of the European Union (EU) and Japan's agreement on cross-border data flows. The agreement aims to provide legal certainty for data flows between the EU and Japan by removing data localisation obligations. The agreement further aims to ensure full compliance of cross-border data flows with the applicable laws on data protection and the digital economy. The agreement will enter into force after Japan rat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于缔结欧盟-日本跨境数据流协议的决定", "description_zh": "2024年4月29日，欧盟理事会通过了关于欧盟与日本缔结跨境数据流协议的决定。该协议旨在通过取消数据本地化义务，为欧盟和日本之间的数据流提供法律确定性。该协议进一步旨在确保跨境数据流动完全遵守数据保护和数字经济的适用法律。该协议将于日本批准后生效..." }, { "date": "12 April 2023", "title": "Council decisions on the signing of the Advanced Framework Agreement (AFA) and the interim Trade Agreement (iTA) with Chile updating the EU-Chile Association Agreement", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/04/eu-chile-council-adopts-decisions-for-a-modernised-association-agreement/", "description": "On 4 December 2023, the Council of the European Union announced that it had adopted the Advanced Framework Agreement (AFA) and the Interim Trade Agreement (iTA). The revised EU-Chile Advanced Framework Agreement enhances trade and investment by removing most remaining tariffs on goods, facilitating services trade, and simplifying business for small companies. The AFA also aims at facilitating digital trade between the parties. Under the AFA, the parties agreed that cross-border data flows sho...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于与智利签署高级框架协议（AFA）和临时贸易协议（iTA）的决定更新欧盟-智利联合协议", "description_zh": "2023年12月4日，欧盟理事会宣布通过高级框架协议（AFA）和临时贸易协议（iTA）。修订后的欧盟-智利高级框架协议通过取消大部分剩余的商品关税、促进服务贸易和简化小公司的业务来加强贸易和投资。 AFA 还旨在促进双方之间的数字贸易。根据《AFA》，双方一致认为跨境数据流..." }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "Public Lawsuit concerning GDPR compliance (SCHUFA Holding v Administrative Court of Wiesbaden (Germany))", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/documents.jsf?num=C-634/21", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued the decision for scoring under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the case SCHUFA Holding v Administrative Court of Wiesbaden (Germany). Scoring is a mathematical-statistical method used to predict behaviours such as the repayment of a loan. The CJEU states that scoring has to be seen as an \"automated individual decision\" under the GDPR. According to the CJEU's interpretation of Article 22(1) of the GDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 GDPR 合规性的公开诉讼（SCHUFA Holding 诉威斯巴登行政法院（德国））", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 7 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 在 SCHUFA Holding 诉威斯巴登行政法院（德国）一案中根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 发布了评分决定。评分是一种数学统计方法，用于预测贷款偿还等行为。 CJEU 指出，根据 GDPR，评分必须被视为“自动个人决策”。根据欧盟法院对GDP第22条第(1)款的解释..." }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "Measures related to industrial data flows in 24th EU-China Summit statement", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/07/24th-eu-china-summit-engaging-to-promote-our-values-and-defend-our-interests/", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the European Union (EU) and China issued a statement following the 24th EU-China Summit, which took place in Beijing. Notably, discussions centred around cross-border industrial data flows. European Union noted concerns regarding China's regulations in this domain, citing a perceived lack of clarity. The EU expressed its appreciation for China's commitment to establishing a mechanism to clarify these rules, deeming it a significant improvement for European companies. The E...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第二十四次中欧领导人会晤声明中工业数据流相关措施", "description_zh": "2023年12月7日，第二十四次中欧领导人会晤在北京举行后，欧盟和中国发表声明。值得注意的是，讨论集中在跨境工业数据流上。欧盟对中国在这一领域的监管表示担忧，认为其缺乏明确性。欧盟对中方致力于建立澄清这些规则的机制表示赞赏，认为这对欧洲企业来说是一个重大改进。电子..." }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Implementing regulation laying down templates concerning transparency reporting obligations under DSA", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/implementing-regulation-laying-down-templates-concerning-transparency-reporting-obligations", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the European Commission's Implementing Regulation laid down templates concerning the transparency reporting obligations under the Digital Services Act (DSA) enters into force. The Implementing Regulation is applicable to intermediary services and online platforms, including e-commerce platforms, user-generated content platforms, and search service providers, in regard to the transparency reports on content moderation. The DSA lays down the obligation to publish regular transpa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实施规定有关 DSA 下透明度报告义务的模板的法规", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，欧盟委员会的实施条例制定了有关《数字服务法》(DSA) 规定的透明度报告义务的模板，生效。 《实施条例》适用于电子商务平台、用户生成内容平台、搜索服务提供商等中介服务机构和网络平台的内容审核透明度报告。 DSA 规定了定期发布透明信息的义务..." }, { "date": "14 December 2023", "title": "Public Lawsuit concerning cybercrime and non-material damage under the GDPR", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2023-12/cp230191en.pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2023, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a decision regarding cybercrime and non-material damage in the case against the Bulgarian National Revenue Agency (NAP). The CJEU concluded that the NAP is a personal data controller. On 15 July 2023, media platforms reported a cyberattack against the NAP's IT system, resulting in the publication of millions of individuals' data online. The CJEU ruled that, in relation to Article 82(1) of the GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GDPR 下有关网络犯罪和非物质损害的公共诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 14 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 在针对保加利亚国家税务局 (NAP) 的案件中就网络犯罪和非物质损害做出了裁决。欧盟法院的结论是，NAP 是个人数据控制者。 2023 年 7 月 15 日，媒体平台报道了针对 NAP 的 IT 系统的网络攻击，导致数百万人的数据在线发布。欧洲法院裁定，根据 GDPR 第 82(1) 条（条例 (EU) 2..." }, { "date": "19 December 2023", "title": "European Commission voluntary cookie pledge to simplify the management by consumers of cookies and personalised advertising choices", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/live-work-travel-eu/consumer-rights-and-complaints/enforcement-consumer-protection/cookie-pledge_en", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the European Commission published the draft voluntary cookie pledge to simplify the management by consumers of cookies and personalised advertising choices. The draft voluntary cookie pledge was issued following the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) consultation and aims to address concerns related to cookies and targeted advertising. The principles focus on enhancing transparency, simplifying consent requests, and offering alternative choices to consumers, with the a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会自愿 cookie 承诺简化消费者对 cookie 的管理和个性化广告选择", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 19 日，欧盟委员会发布了自愿 Cookie 承诺草案，以简化消费者对 Cookie 和个性化广告选择的管理。自愿 cookie 承诺草案是在欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 磋商后发布的，旨在解决与 cookie 和定向广告相关的问题。这些原则的重点是提高透明度、简化同意请求以及为消费者提供替代选择，..." }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "EU Commission inquiry into the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) application", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-12/edpb_statement_20241203_ec_2nd_gdpr_evaluation_report_en.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted a statement in support of a European Commission report on the application of GDPR. In this statement, the EDPB emphasised the importance of aligning GDPR with emerging EU digital legislation, including the Artificial Intelligence Act, Digital Markets Act (DMA), and the Digital Services Package. It stated a commitment to producing guidelines to support this and to increase cooperation with other regulatory agencies. The stat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 申请进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 3 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了一项声明，支持欧盟委员会关于 GDPR 应用的报告。在这份声明中，EDPB 强调了将 GDPR 与新兴欧盟数字立法（包括《人工智能法》、《数字市场法》（DMA）和《数字服务包》）保持一致的重要性。它承诺制定指导方针来支持这一点并加强与其他监管机构的合作。该统计..." }, { "date": "12 May 2024", "title": "Review of Adequacy Decisions for Data Protection in 11 Countries", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-12/edpb_letter_20241205_european-commission-review-of-11-existing-adequacy-decisions_en.pdf", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued a letter to the European Commission (EC) concerning its review of eleven adequacy decisions adopted under Directive 95/46/EC. The EC's review found that personal data transferred from the EU to Andorra, Argentina, Canada, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, Israel, Jersey, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Uruguay had adequate protection safeguards. Consequently, personal data transfers from the Union to these countries or...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对 11 个国家数据保护充分性决策的审查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 5 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 向欧盟委员会 (EC) 发出了一封信函，涉及其对根据 95/46/EC 指令通过的 11 项充分性决定的审查。欧盟委员会的审查发现，从欧盟传输到安道尔、阿根廷、加拿大、法罗群岛、根西岛、马恩岛、以色列、泽西岛、新西兰、瑞士和乌拉圭的个人数据有足够的保护措施。因此，个人数据从欧盟传输到这些国家或......" }, { "date": "17 January 2024", "title": "Design requirement in Resolution on Cultural Diversity and the Conditions for Authors in the European Music Streaming Market", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2024-0020_EN.pdf", "description": "On 17 January 2024, the European Parliament adopted the Resolution on \"Cultural diversity and the conditions for authors in the European music streaming market” calling for the Commission to consider proposing product design requirements in music streaming services. In this context, the Parliament calls on the consideration of provisions ensuring the ethical use of AI, including requirements to ensure the transparency of algorithms and content recommendation, addressing the issue of deepfakes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于欧洲音乐流媒体市场文化多样性和作者条件的决议中的设计要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 17 日，欧洲议会通过了关于“欧洲音乐流媒体市场的文化多样性和作者的条件”的决议，呼吁委员会考虑提出音乐流媒体服务的产品设计要求。在这种背景下，议会呼吁考虑制定确保人工智能道德使用的条款，包括确保算法和内容推荐透明度的要求，解决深度造假问题……" }, { "date": "18 January 2024", "title": "EDPB Thematic One-Stop-Shop Case Digest on Security of Processing and Data Breach Notification", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-publishes-oss-case-digest-security-processing-and-data-breach-notification_en", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a thematic one-stop-shop case digest on the Security of Processing (Article 32 GDPR) and Data Breach Notification (Article 33 and 34 GDPR). The digest provides clarifications regarding how data protection authorities have interpreted and applied provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in various scenarios. It serves as a comprehensive resource for organisations, both controllers and processors, to asse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于处理安全和数据泄露通知的主题一站式案例摘要", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 18 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了关于处理安全（GDPR 第 32 条）和数据泄露通知（GDPR 第 33 和 34 条）的专题一站式案例摘要。该摘要澄清了数据保护机构如何在各种情况下解释和应用《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 的规定。它为组织（控制者和处理者）提供综合资源，以评估..." }, { "date": "21 August 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in EU regulation 2020/1056 on electronic freight transport information", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32020R1056", "description": "On 21 August 2024, the EU regulation 2020/1056 on electronic freight transport information is fully implemented. The regulation requires that the connection to the eFTI platform to display regulatory information to competent authorities must be authenticated and secure. Additionally, such platforms must be secure enough to guarantee the data is protected against corruption, theft, unauthorised processing and accidental damage. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts implementing the above, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟第 2020/1056 号法规中关于电子货运信息的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2024年8月21日，欧盟关于电子货运信息的第2020/1056号法规全面实施。该法规要求，向主管当局显示监管信息的 eFTI 平台连接必须经过身份验证且安全。此外，此类平台必须足够安全，以保证数据免受损坏、盗窃、未经授权的处理和意外损坏。委员会应通过授权法案实施上述规定，..." }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "EDPB Opinion on \"Consent or Pay\" Models in Online Services", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-consent-or-pay-models-should-offer-real-choice_en", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted an opinion on the \"consent or pay\" model's compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements for valid consent. The EDPB emphasised that large online platforms must adhere to GDPR principles, including necessity, proportionality, and fairness, and cannot solely rely on user consent when offering a binary choice between consenting to behavioural advertising or paying a fee. The opinion suggests that pl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于在线服务中“同意或付费”模式的意见", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 17 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了关于“同意或付费”模式是否符合通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 有效同意要求的意见。 EDP​​B 强调，大型在线平台必须遵守 GDPR 原则，包括必要性、相称性和公平性，并且在提供同意行为广告或支付费用之间的二元选择时不能仅依赖用户同意。意见建议，..." }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "Lawsuit regarding Indiscriminate Storage of Biometric and Genetic Data compliance with EU law (Case C-118/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-01/cp240020en.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled on a public lawsuit, Case C-118/22, concerning the indiscriminate storage of biometric and genetic data of persons convicted of criminal offences. The court held that such storage, without any time limit other than the death of the person concerned, is contrary to the supranational data protection regulation. The court further stated that national authorities are required to impose on the data controller the obligatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于不加区别地存储生物特征和基因数据以遵守欧盟法律的诉讼（案例 C-118/22）", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 30 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对一项公开诉讼 C-118/22 案作出裁决，该诉讼涉及不加区别地存储被判刑事犯罪者的生物识别和基因数据。法院认为，这种存储除了当事人死亡之外没有任何时间限制，违反了超国家数据保护法规。法院进一步指出，国家当局必须向数据控制者施加义务……" }, { "date": "31 January 2024", "title": "Implementing Regulation concerning European Common Criteria-based Cybersecurity Certification Scheme", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/implementing-regulation-adoption-european-common-criteria-based-cybersecurity-certification-scheme", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the European Commission adopted an Implementing Regulation specifying the roles, rules and obligations under the European Common Criteria-based Cybersecurity Certification Scheme (EUCC). This scheme is based on the European cybersecurity certification framework, as outlined in Regulation (EU) 2019/881, to establish the possibility of issuing certifications for ICT products according to this framework. The Implementing Regulation enters into force 20 days after publication ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于基于欧洲共同标准的网络安全认证计划的实施条例", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 31 日，欧盟委员会通过了一项实施条例，规定了基于欧洲共同标准的网络安全认证计划 (EUCC) 下的角色、规则和义务。该计划基于法规 (EU) 2019/881 中概述的欧洲网络安全认证框架，以建立根据该框架为 ICT 产品颁发认证的可能性。实施细则自公布20日起施行..." }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "Directive on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2025-0116_EN.pdf", "description": "On 17 June 2025, the European Parliament adopted its position on the Proposal for a Directive on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child sexual abuse material. The revisions include a number of changes. The position proposes to raise the maximum punishments for several child sexual abuse (CSA) offenses, as well as to abolish limitation periods for such crimes. Furthermore, Parliament’s amendments explicitly criminalise artificial intelligence (AI) designed for...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于打击对儿童的性虐待和性剥削以及儿童性虐待材料的指令", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 17 日，欧洲议会通过了关于打击儿童性虐待和性剥削以及儿童性虐待材料的指令提案的立场。修订包括许多更改。该立场提议提高对几种儿童性虐待（CSA）犯罪的最高处罚，并废除此类犯罪的时效期限。此外，议会的修正案明确将旨在……的人工智能（AI）定为犯罪。" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Implementing Technical Standards to establish the template register of information for all contractual arrangements on the use of ICT services provided by third-party providers under DORA", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/system/files/2024-01/JC%202023%2085_Final%20report%20on%20draft%20ITS%20on%20Register%20of%20Information_e.pdf", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) published a draft Implementing Technical Standard (ITS) to establish standard templates for the register of information required under Regulation EU 2022/2554 on digital operational resilience for the financial sector. The regulation specifies that the register should include information on all contractual arrangements for ICT services provided by third-party providers to financial entities and sets out gener...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "实施技术标准，为使用 DORA 下第三方提供商提供的 ICT 服务的所有合同安排建立信息模板登记册", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）发布了实施技术标准 (ITS) 草案，为关于金融部门数字运营弹性的 EU 2022/2554 条例所需的信息登记建立标准模板。该条例规定，登记册应包括第三方提供商向金融实体提供 ICT 服务的所有合同安排的信息，并规定了一般..." }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Regulatory Technical Standard specifying elements related to threat led penetration tests", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-resilience/joint-technical-standards?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on a draft Regulatory Technical Standard (RTS) as mandated under DORA, to specify threat-led penetration testing (TLPT) methodology and criteria, ensuring consistency and facilitating mutual recognition across the EU while retaining flexibility. The draft RTS outlines criteria for identifying financial entities required to perform TLPT, as well as requirements governing the use of inter...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "监管技术标准，指定与威胁主导的渗透测试相关的要素", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了对 DORA 授权的监管技术标准 (RTS) 草案的磋商，以指定威胁主导的渗透测试 (TLPT) 方法和标准，确保一致性并促进整个欧盟的相互认可，同时保留灵活性。 RTS 草案概述了识别执行 TLPT 所需的金融实体的标准，以及管理内部使用的要求。" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Guidelines on the oversight cooperation and information exchange between the European Supervisory Authorities and the competent authorities", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-resilience/joint-guidelines-oversight?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on the draft Joint draft guidelines on the oversight cooperation and information exchange between the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) and the competent authorities. The guidelines aim to ensure effective cooperation and information exchange, covering procedures for designating critical providers, planning oversight activities, notification procedures, and following up on recomme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲监管机构与主管当局之间的监督合作和信息交换指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了对欧洲监管机构 (ESA) 与主管机构之间监督合作和信息交换联合指南草案的磋商。该指南旨在确保有效的合作和信息交流，涵盖指定关键提供商的程序、规划监督活动、通知程序以及后续建议……" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Joint regulatory and implementing technical standards on major incident reporting", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-resilience/joint-technical-standards?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on a draft joint technical standard on reporting major ICT-related incidents and notifying significant cyber threats under DORA. The standards aim to harmonise reporting, ensure competent authorities receive relevant information in a timely manner, and avoid undue reporting burden on financial entities, taking into account the proportionality principle. The draft regulatory standards sp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合监管实施重大事件报告技术标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了关于 DORA 下报告重大 ICT 相关事件和通知重大网络威胁的联合技术标准草案的磋商。该标准旨在协调报告，确保主管当局及时收到相关信息，并避免金融实体承受不当的报告负担，同时考虑到比例原则。监管标准草案具体..." }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Regulatory Technical Standard on the harmonisation of conditions enabling the conduct of the oversight activities", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-risk/joint-regulatory-technical?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on the draft Regulatory Technical Standard (RTS) on the harmonisation of conditions enabling the conduct of oversight activities of critical ICT third-party service providers under DORA. The draft RTS specifies the information to be provided by ICT third-party service providers in applications to be designated as critical, including information on services provided, market share, substi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于协调开展监督活动的条件的监管技术标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了对监管技术标准 (RTS) 草案的磋商，该草案旨在协调 DORA 下关键 ICT 第三方服务提供商开展监管活动的条件。 RTS草案规定了ICT第三方服务提供商在被指定为关键的应用程序中应提供的信息，包括所提供的服务、市场份额、替代品等信息。" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Joint Guidelines on the estimation of aggregated annual costs and losses caused by major ICT-related incidents", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-resilience/joint-guidelines-estimation?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on the draft Joint Guidelines on the estimation of aggregated annual costs and losses caused by major ICT-related incidents. The guidelines aim to harmonise how financial entities estimate and report aggregated costs and losses from major ICT incidents to competent authorities upon request. They propose adopting the same approach for assessing gross and net costs/losses as the related t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于估计重大 ICT 相关事件造成的年度总成本和损失的联合准则", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了对关于估计重大 ICT 相关事件造成的年度总成本和损失的联合指南草案的磋商。该指南旨在协调金融实体如何根据要求向主管当局估计和报告重大 ICT 事件的总体成本和损失。他们建议采用与相关问题相同的方法来评估总成本和净成本/损失。" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Regulatory Technical Standards on the elements which a financial entity needs to determine and assess when subcontracting ICT services supporting critical or important functions", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/activities/single-rulebook/regulatory-activities/operational-resilience/joint-regulatory-technical-subcontracting?version=2024#activity-versions", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the three European Supervisory Authorities (EBA, EIOPA and ESMA) closed their consultation on the draft Regulatory Technical Standard (RTS) on the elements which a financial entity needs to determine and assess when subcontracting ICT services supporting critical or important functions. The draft RTS specifies elements financial entities need to determine and assess when subcontracting these ICT services, including risk assessments, due diligence, and monitoring obligations. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于金融实体在分包支持关键或重要功能的 ICT 服务时需要确定和评估的要素的监管技术标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，三个欧洲监管机构（EBA、EIOPA 和 ESMA）结束了对监管技术标准 (RTS) 草案的磋商，该草案涉及金融实体在分包支持关键或重要功能的 ICT 服务时需要确定和评估的要素。 RTS 草案规定了金融实体在分包这些 ICT 服务时需要确定和评估的要素，包括风险评估、尽职调查和监控义务。 ..." }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "EDPB Opinion on the Notion of \"Main Establishment of a Controller\" under the GDPR", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-02/edpb_opinion_202404_mainestablishment_en.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued an opinion on the notion of \"main establishment of a controller\" under Article 4(16)(a) GDPR and on the criteria for the application of the one-stop-shop mechanism. The opinion was requested by the French Supervisory Authority (FR SA) to clarify the definition of a controller's \"place of central administration\" in the Union. The EDPB concluded that a controller’s \"place of central administration\" in the Union can be conside...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于 GDPR 下“主要设立控制者”概念的意见", "description_zh": "2024年2月13日，欧洲数据保护委员会（EDPB）就GDPR第4（16）（a）条中“主要设立控制者”的概念以及一站式机制的适用标准发表了意见。法国监管机构 (FR SA) 要求该意见澄清控制者在欧盟的“中央管理地点”的定义。 EDP​​B 的结论是，控制者在欧盟的“中央管理地点”可以被视为……" }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Implementing Act on a data-sharing platform between Member States and the Commission (AGORA platform)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/dsa-agora-data-sharing-platform-between-digital-services-coordinators-and-commission-ready", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the AGORA data-sharing platform began operations following the European Commission's adoption of the Implementing Act on a data-sharing platform between Member States and the Commission. The platform aims to facilitate the sharing of data regarding the supervision, investigation, enforcement, and monitoring of services under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The implementing act outlines the operational arrangements for the operation of AGORA and establishes the responsibil...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "成员国与委员会之间数据共享平台实施法案（AGORA 平台）", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 17 日，在欧盟委员会通过成员国与委员会之间数据共享平台的实施法案后，AGORA 数据共享平台开始运营。该平台旨在促进数字服务法（DSA）下有关服务监督、调查、执行和监控的数据共享。该实施法案概述了 AGORA 运营的运营安排，并确立了责任..." }, { "date": "22 February 2024", "title": "Lawsuit regarding the application of the GDPR on the sale of databases in enforcement proceedings (C-693/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-02/cp240035en.pdf", "description": "On 22 February 2024, the Advocate General (AG) issued an opinion on the case (C-693/22) referred by the Warsaw District Court to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The Warsaw District Court asked CJEU to clarify whether, under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), a court enforcement officer can sell databases during enforcement proceedings without the consent of the data subjects. The AG recommends the CJEU rules in the affirmative, proposing that a database contain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于在执行程序中将 GDPR 应用于数据库销售的诉讼 (C-693/22)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 22 日，总检察长 (AG) 对华沙地方法院提交欧盟法院 (CJEU) 的案件 (C-693/22) 发表了意见。华沙地方法院要求欧盟法院澄清，根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)，法院执法人员是否可以在执法程序中未经数据主体同意而出售数据库。 AG 对 CJEU 规则表示肯定，建议数据库包含……" }, { "date": "18 January 2024", "title": "Council Decision on adding hate speech and hate crime to the areas of crime laid down in Article 83(1) of the TFEU", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240112IPR16777/time-to-criminalise-hate-speech-and-hate-crime-under-eu-law", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the Parliament adopted its position on the proposal for a Council Decision on adding hate speech and hate crime to the areas of crime laid down in Article 83(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The parliament calls for the inclusion of hate speech and hate crime among criminal offences under Article 83(1) TFEU. The Parliament criticises the Council's inaction on the issue despite the rise of hate crimes in Europe. The Parliament also calls for...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "理事会关于将仇恨言论和仇恨犯罪纳入 TFEU 第 83(1) 条规定的犯罪领域的决定", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 18 日，议会通过了关于理事会决定提案的立场，该决定将仇恨言论和仇恨犯罪纳入《欧盟运作条约》(TFEU) 第 83(1) 条规定的犯罪领域。议会呼吁根据 TFEU 第 83(1) 条将仇恨言论和仇恨犯罪纳入刑事犯罪。尽管欧洲仇恨犯罪有所增加，但议会批评安理会在这一问题上无所作为。议会还呼吁..." }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "European Commission lawsuit against Ireland for alleged non-compliance with Audiovisual Media Services Directive (C-679/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=283300&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=5105522", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a ruling in Case C-679/22 brought by the European Commission against Ireland for failing to transpose Directive (EU) 2018/1808, also known as the Audiovisual Media Services Directive, into national law within the prescribed time limit. The Directive, which aims to update the EU legal framework for audiovisual media services, extends the scope of the previous Directive to cover video-sharing platforms and establishes...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对爱尔兰提起诉讼，指控其不遵守视听媒体服务指令 (C-679/22)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 29 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对欧盟委员会针对爱尔兰提起的 C-679/22 案作出裁决，理由是爱尔兰未能在规定期限内将指令 (EU) 2018/1808（也称为视听媒体服务指令）转化为国家法律。该指令旨在更新欧盟视听媒体服务法律框架，将之前指令的范围扩大到涵盖视频共享平台，并建立..." }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning the Data Protection Authority's power to order deletion of data without prior request from the data subject (Case C-46/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-03/cp240048en.pdf", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that the data protection authority of a Member State may order the erasure of unlawfully processed data, even in the absence of a prior request by the data subject. This decision was made in response to a case brought by the municipal administration of Újpest, Hungary, which contested a decision by the Hungarian data protection authority. The authority had ordered the Újpest administration to erase certain personal data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于数据保护机构有权在未经数据主体事先请求的情况下命令删除数据的诉讼（案例 C-46/23）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 裁定，即使数据主体事先没有提出请求，成员国的数据保护机构也可以下令删除非法处理的数据。这一决定是针对匈牙利乌伊佩斯市政府提起的案件而做出的，该案件对匈牙利数据保护机构的决定提出异议。当局已命令乌杰佩斯政府删除某些个人数据......" }, { "date": "24 April 2024", "title": "BEREC Report on Cloud and Edge Computing Services", "url": "https://www.berec.europa.eu/system/files/2024-03/BoR%20%2824%29%2052_Draft_Cloud_Report.pdf", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the consultation on the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) Report on Cloud and Edge Computing Services closed. The BEREC gathered information related to the impact of cloud and edge computing developments in the electronic communication sector. Specifically, the consultation aimed to address issues such as scalability constraints, competition implications, regulatory considerations, and the potential risks and opportunities in the coming years.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BEREC 关于云和边缘计算服务的报告", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 24 日，欧洲电子通信监管机构 (BEREC) 关于云和边缘计算服务报告的磋商结束。 BEREC 收集了有关电子通信领域云和边缘计算发展影响的信息。具体来说，磋商旨在解决可扩展性限制、竞争影响、监管考虑以及未来几年的潜在风险和机遇等问题。" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "EU Register of Data Intermediation Services under Data Governance Act (DGA)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/data-intermediary-services", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the European Union Register of Data Intermediation Services was established as part of the EU Data Governance Act (DGA), creating a framework to promote trust in data sharing between individuals and companies. Data intermediaries act as neutral third parties that connect individuals and companies with data users, ensuring a trusted and secure environment for data sharing. These intermediaries are prohibited from directly using the data for financial gain and must meet stri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据治理法案 (DGA) 下的欧盟数据中介服务登记册", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，作为欧盟数据治理法案 (DGA) 的一部分，建立了欧盟数据中介服务登记册，创建了一个框架来促进个人和公司之间数据共享的信任。数据中介充当中立的第三方，将个人和公司与数据用户联系起来，确保数据共享的可信和安全环境。这些中介机构被禁止直接使用数据获取经济利益，并且必须满足严格的..." }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "Comparative Assessment of the DHS Harmonization of Cyber Incident Reporting to the Federal Government Report and the Rules on Incident Reporting in the EU NIS 2 Directive", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2024/03/20/dhs-and-dg-connect-announce-initiative-comparing-cyber-incident-reporting-better", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the European Commission's Directorate General for Communications, Networks, Content, and Technology (DG CONNECT) announced an initiative to compare cyber incident reporting elements that will inform cyber incident reporting requirements by the US and European Union (EU) under the NIS 2 Directive of the EU. The joint report developed by DHS and DG CONNECT provides a comparative assessment and factual overview of recommendations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国土安全部网络事件报告与联邦政府报告的协调性与欧盟 NIS 2 指令中的事件报告规则的比较评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 20 日，美国国土安全部 (DHS) 和欧盟委员会通信、网络、内容和技术总司 (DG CONNECT) 宣布了一项比较网络事件报告要素的举措，该举措将为美国和欧盟 (EU) 根据欧盟 NIS 2 指令制定的网络事件报告要求提供信息。由 DHS 和 DG CONNECT 编写的联合报告对建议进行了比较评估和事实概述......" }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Council decision on the conclusion of EU-Chile iTA", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2023)432&lang=en", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Council adopted the decision to conclude the Interim Trade Agreement (iTA) on behalf of the European Union. The agreement includes measures related to cross-border data transfer, electronic trust services and electronic authentication, data protection regulation and consumer protection regulation. The provisions for investment protection are included within the broader Advanced Framework Agreement (AFA), which is currently undergoing ratification among member states. The...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于缔结欧盟-智利 iTA 的决定", "description_zh": "2024年3月18日，理事会通过决定代表欧盟缔结临时贸易协定（iTA）。该协议包括跨境数据传输、电子信托服务和电子认证、数据保护监管和消费者保护监管等相关措施。投资保护条款包含在更广泛的高级框架协议（AFA）中，该协议目前正在成员国之间批准。这..." }, { "date": "29 November 2023", "title": "CEN-CENELEC standard EN 17926 Privacy management system in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 27701", "url": "https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=CEN:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:73645,2307986&cs=14ACCBA042C0F0F8257B87B31FC7E8D22", "description": "On 29 November 2023, the European Committee for Standardization in Electronics and Electrotechnics (CEN-CENELEC) adopted the standard EN 17926 Privacy management system in accordance with EN ISO/IEC 27701 – refinements relating to the European context. It serves as a guide for organisations to implement the general requirements and controls of ISO/IEC 27701 in accordance with their specific circumstances and legal obligations. Certification bodies can utilise the specifications in this docume...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CEN-CENELEC 标准 EN 17926 隐私管理系统符合 EN ISO/IEC 27701", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 29 日，欧洲电子和电工标准化委员会 (CEN-CENELEC) 根据 EN ISO/IEC 27701（与欧洲环境相关的改进）通过了标准 EN 17926 隐私管理系统。它可以作为组织根据其具体情况和法律义务实施 ISO/IEC 27701 的一般要求和控制的指南。认证机构可以利用本文件中的规范..." }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Evaluation of the Terrorist Content Online Regulation", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13964-Terrorist-Content-Online-Regulation-evaluation_en", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the European Commission closed the consultation on the evaluation of the Terrorist Content Online Regulation (Regulation 2021/784), which aimed to assess its relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, and EU added value in the period 2021-2024. It focused on evaluating the functioning and effectiveness of the safeguard mechanisms, the impact on fundamental rights (freedom of expression, privacy, and data protection), and the contribution to public security protection.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在线恐怖内容监管评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 9 日，欧盟委员会结束了《在线恐怖主义内容条例》（条例 2021/784）评估的磋商，该条例旨在评估其在 2021 年至 2024 年期间的相关性、有效性、效率、一致性和欧盟附加值。重点评估保障机制的运作和有效性、对基本权利（言论自由、隐私和数据保护）的影响以及对公共安全保护的贡献。" }, { "date": "4 November 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning GDPR enforcement by Data Protection Authorities (Case C-768/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-04/cp240063en.pdf", "description": "On 11 April 2024, the Advocate General issued an opinion concerning the obligations of Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This followed a request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrative Court of Wiesbaden, Germany, regarding a case where the Hessian Data Protection Officer (HBDI) refused to take action against a savings bank after a reported data protection breach. The Administrative Court of Wiesbaden asked the Court of Justice of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关数据保护机构执行 GDPR 的诉讼（案例 C-768/21）", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 11 日，总检察长就《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 规定的数据保护机构 (DPA) 的义务发表了意见。在此之前，德国威斯巴登行政法院请求对黑森州数据保护官员 (HBDI) 在报告数据保护违规后拒绝对一家储蓄银行采取行动的案件做出初步裁决。威斯巴登行政法院要求法院……" }, { "date": "16 April 2024", "title": "EDPB Opinion 6/2024 on the draft list of the Latvian SA on processing operations exempt from the data protection impact assessment requirement", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-04/edpb_opinion_202406_lvsa_dpiawhitelist_en.pdf", "description": "On 16 April 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted its Opinion 6/2024 on the draft list of the Latvian supervisory authority (SA) on processing operations exempt from the data protection impact assessment requirement, pursuant to Article 35(5) of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In compliance with Articles 35(6) and 64(2) GDPR, the EDPB has to issue an opinion when a SA intends to adopt a list of processing operations not subject to the requirement for a data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于拉脱维亚 SA 豁免数据保护影响评估要求的处理操作清单草案的第 6/2024 号意见", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 16 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 根据欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 第 35(5) 条，通过了关于拉脱维亚监管机构 (SA) 豁免数据保护影响评估要求的处理操作清单草案的第 6/2024 号意见。根据 GDPR 第 35(6) 和 64(2) 条，当 SA 打算采用不受数据要求约束的处理操作列表时，EDPB 必须发表意见..." }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "EDPB Rules of Procedure on the Data Protection Framework redress mechanism for national security purposes", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other-guidance/rules-procedure-data-protection-framework-redress_en", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Rules of Procedure on the cooperation and respective roles of national Supervisory Authorities (SAs) and the EDPB Secretariat regarding the submission of complaints in the redress mechanism available to individuals established in the European Union in relation to alleged violations of US law with respect to their data collected by US authorities competent for national security. The Rule aims to facilitate the submission a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 出于国家安全目的的数据保护框架补救机制的程序规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 17 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了关于国家监管机构 (SA) 和 EDPB 秘书处的合作和各自作用的程序规则，涉及向欧盟设立的个人提供的补救机制提交投诉，指控美国国家安全主管机构收集的数据涉嫌违反美国法律。该规则旨在促进提交..." }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "EDPB Rules of Procedure for the Informal Panel of EU DPAs under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-04/dpf_rules-of-procedure_informal-panel-dpas_en.pdf", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Rules of Procedure for the \"Informal Panel of EU DPAs\", as outlined in the Commission Implementing Decision C(2023) 4745 of 10 July 2023, under the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. These rules establish the panel's competence to provide binding advice on unresolved complaints regarding the handling of personal information transferred under the framework from the European Union to the United States. The panel aims to deliver ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 欧盟-美国数据隐私框架下欧盟 DPA 非正式小组的程序规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 17 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 根据欧盟-美国数据隐私框架，通过了“欧盟 DPA 非正式小组”的程序规则，如 2023 年 7 月 10 日委员会实施决定 C(2023) 4745 中所述。这些规则规定了该小组有能力就有关处理在欧盟框架下传输到美国的个人信息的未解决投诉提供具有约束力的建议。该小组旨在提供..." }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning the processing and analysis of personal data for targeted advertising (Case C-446/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=290674&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=99557", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a ruling addressing the processing of personal data for targeted advertising under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The case involved Meta Platforms Ireland and privacy activist Maximilian Schrems, focusing on the legality of using personal data, particularly sexual orientation for targeted advertising. It was contended that Schrems made his sexual orientation public during a panel discussion, but never disclo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于为定向广告处理和分析个人数据的诉讼（案例 C-446/21）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 4 日，欧盟法院发布了一项裁决，涉及根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 处理定向广告的个人数据。该案件涉及 Meta Platforms Ireland 和隐私活动家 Maximilian Schrems，重点关注使用个人数据的合法性，特别是用于定向广告的性取向。据称，施雷姆斯在一次小组讨论中公开了他的性取向，但从未透露过……" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "European Audiovisual Observatory report on algorithmic transparency and accountability of digital services", "url": "https://www.obs.coe.int/en/web/observatoire/-/algorithmic-transparency-and-accountability-of-digital-services", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the European Audiovisual Observatory published its report on algorithmic transparency and accountability of digital services. The report was issued in the context of the entry into force of the EU Digital Services Act (DSA), and aims at making algorithmic systems more transparent and accountable. It covers the EU standard setting of algorithm good practices before the entry into force of the DSA, provides an overview of the EU regulatory framework of algorithms, and analyses...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲视听观测站关于数字服务的算法透明度和问责制的报告", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，欧洲视听观测站发布了关于数字服务的算法透明度和问责制的报告。该报告是在欧盟数字服务法案（DSA）生效的背景下发布的，旨在使算法系统更加透明和负责任。它涵盖了 DSA 生效之前算法良好实践的欧盟标准制定，概述了欧盟算法监管框架，并分析了..." }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "CJEU lawsuit concerning national authority access to identification data on the basis of IP address during investigations of online counterfeits (C-470/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-04/cp240075en.pdf", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a judgment in Case C-470/21, addressing the compatibility of certain data processing operations with EU law, specifically concerning the general and indiscriminate retention of IP addresses by internet access providers for combating online counterfeiting. The Court clarified that Member States could require such retention, provided it does not allow for inferences about individuals' private lives, ensuring a strict sep...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟法院关于国家当局在调查在线假货期间根据 IP 地址获取身份数据的诉讼 (C-470/21)", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对案件 C-470/21 作出判决，解决了某些数据处理操作与欧盟法律的兼容性问题，特别是涉及互联网接入提供商为打击网络假冒行为而普遍且不加区别地保留 IP 地址的问题。法院澄清，成员国可以要求此类保留，前提是不允许推断个人的私生活，确保严格隔离。" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "EU-Japan Memorandum of Cooperation on digital identities and trust services to implement data free flow with trust", "url": "https://www.digital.go.jp/assets/contents/node/information/field_ref_resources/eea22370-19d8-4a1a-ae92-89e28476f9a1/7cda2879/20240501_news_moc_original_01.pdf", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the European Union and Japan adopted a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) to enhance Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT). The MoC focuses on the implementation of reliable digital identities and trust services. The MoC aims to facilitate DFFT by establishing a shared understanding and collaborative framework for digital identity initiatives. The European Union and Japan committed to developing and harmonising digital identity frameworks to ensure secure and trusted interactions be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-日本数字身份和信任服务合作备忘录，实现数据信任自由流动", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，欧盟和日本通过了一份合作备忘录 (MoC)，以加强数据信任自由流动 (DFFT)。 MoC 专注于实施可靠的数字身份和信任服务。 MoC 旨在通过为数字身份计划建立共识和协作框架来促进 DFFT。欧盟和日本致力于开发和协调数字身份框架，以确保安全和可信的交互......" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "CCCS, CISA, NCSC-UK, NCSC-NZ and ASD's ACSC guidance on choosing secure and verifiable technologies", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/news/choosing-secure-and-verifiable-technologies/", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC), alongside the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK) and National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ) adopted guidance on choosing secure and verifiable technologies. The guidance is addressed to both organisations involved in procuring digital products and services and the manufacturers of these te...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CCCS、CISA、NCSC-UK、NCSC-NZ 和 ASD 的 ACSC 关于选择安全和可验证技术的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 9 日，澳大利亚信号局的澳大利亚网络安全中心 (ASD’s ACSC) 与加拿大网络安全中心 (CCCS)、网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA)、国家网络安全中心 (NCSC-UK) 和国家网络安全中心 (NCSC-NZ) 通过了有关选择安全和可验证技术的指南。该指南适用于参与采购数字产品和服务的组织以及这些产品和服务的制造商。" }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "European Commission and Office of Communications administrative arrangement on enforcement of Online Safety Act and Digital Service Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_2568", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the European Commission and the UK's Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced the signing of the administrative arrangement for the enforcement of the Online Safety Act and Digital Service Act (DSA). The collaboration aims to support both entities' supervisory activities over online platforms, aligning with the EU's DSA and the UK's Online Safety Act. The arrangement focuses on several areas, including the protection of minors online, the implementation of age-appropriate de...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会和通信办公室关于执行《在线安全法》和《数字服务法》的行政安排", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 13 日，欧盟委员会和英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布签署关于执行《在线安全法》和《数字服务法》(DSA) 的行政安排。此次合作旨在支持两个实体对在线平台的监管活动，符合欧盟的 DSA 和英国的在线安全法案。该安排重点关注几个领域，包括保护未成年人上网、实施适龄..." }, { "date": "14 May 2024", "title": "Council conclusions on support for influencers as online content creators", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/14/influencers-in-the-eu-council-calls-for-increased-support-to-encourage-positive-impact/", "description": "On 14 May 2024, the Council of the European Union published conclusions on support for influencers as online content creators. The conclusions are formulated in recognition of the fact that online content creators wield a growing influence over the digital content and information consumed by individuals daily within the EU, potentially leading to both positive and negative effects. To address this, the Council suggests member states engage with influencers and their emerging representative or...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于支持影响者作为在线内容创作者的结论", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 14 日，欧盟理事会发布了关于支持影响者作为在线内容创作者的结论。制定这些结论是为了认识到在线内容创作者对欧盟境内个人日常消费的数字内容和信息的影响力越来越大，这可能会产生积极和消极的影响。为了解决这个问题，理事会建议成员国与有影响力的人士及其新兴代表或……进行接触。" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Council conclusions on the future of cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/21/cybersecurity-council-approves-conclusions-for-a-more-cyber-secure-and-resilient-union/", "description": "On 21 May 2024, the Council of the European Union (EU) approved conclusions on the future of cybersecurity, which set out guidelines and principles to improve cybersecurity and resilience in the EU. The guidance outlines the importance of cybersecurity for the safety of businesses, governments, and citizens, setting out principles for future steps to focus on implementation, harmonised standards, certification, supply chain security, cooperation with the private sector, SME support, and adequ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于网络安全未来的结论", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 21 日，欧盟理事会 (EU) 批准了关于网络安全未来的结论，其中制定了提高欧盟网络安全和复原力的指导方针和原则。该指南概述了网络安全对于企业、政府和公民安全的重要性，并为未来的步骤制定了原则，重点关注实施、统一标准、认证、供应链安全、与私营部门的合作、中小企业支持和充分的..." }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "EDPB Statement 2/2024 on the financial data access and payments package", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/statements/statement-22024-financial-data-access-and-payments-package_en", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) issued Statement 2/2024 on the financial data access and payments package proposed by the European Commission. In the statement, the EDPB made several recommendations, including the need for clear rules for recording and disclosing personal data in the context of the transaction monitoring mechanism of the proposal. It is also recommended that obligations for Account Information Service Providers (AISPs) and Payment Initiation Service ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于金融数据访问和支付包的声明 2/2024", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 23 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了关于欧盟委员会提议的金融数据访问和支付方案的第 2/2024 号声明。在声明中，EDPB 提出了多项建议，包括需要在提案的交易监控机制中制定明确的记录和披露个人数据的规则。还建议账户信息服务提供商 (AISP) 和支付发起服务的义务......" }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "European Commission Services and European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services cooperation framework on Digital Services Act enforcement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_3083", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the European Commission services responsible for the enforcement of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA) adopted a structured cooperation framework with the objective of supporting the Commission's supervision and enforcement activities under the Digital Services Act enforcement (DSA). The cooperation framework aims to enhance the supervision of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Search Engines (VLOSEs), le...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会服务部和欧洲视听媒体服务监管机构关于数字服务法执行的合作框架", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 4 日，负责执行《数字服务法》(DSA) 的欧盟委员会各部门和欧洲视听媒体服务监管机构 (ERGA) 采用了结构化合作框架，旨在支持委员会根据《数字服务法》执行 (DSA) 进行的监督和执行活动。该合作框架旨在加强对超大型在线平台（VLOP）和搜索引擎（VLOSE）的监管，..." }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Agency for Fundamental Rights data collection for Art. 97 GDPR evaluation report", "url": "https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2024/gdpr-experiences-data-protection-authorities", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published a report summarising the results of the data collection for the Art. 97 GDPR evaluation report. Upon request by the European Commission, the FRA collected data between June 2022 and June 2023 concerning the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The FRA identified four major areas where the implementation of the GDPR faced the most challenges. These are the independence of data protecti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基本权利数据收集机构。 97 GDPR 评估报告", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 11 日，欧盟基本权利机构 (FRA) 发布了一份报告，总结了艺术数据收集的结果。 97 GDPR 评估报告。根据欧盟委员会的要求，FRA 收集了 2022 年 6 月至 2023 年 6 月期间有关《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 实施情况的数据。 FRA 确定了 GDPR 实施面临最大挑战的四个主要领域。这些都是数据保护的独立性..." }, { "date": "11 July 2024", "title": "Implementing Regulation for EU NIS 2 Directive concerning cybersecurity risk management and reporting obligations for digital infrastructure, providers and ICT service managers", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL_202402690", "description": "On 7 November 2024, the European Commission’s implementing regulation laying down the rules for the application of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS 2 Directive) enters into force. In particular, the regulation outlines cybersecurity risk-management measures' technical and methodological requirements. Furthermore, it specifies the cases in which an incident is considered to be significant with regard to DNS service providers, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟 NIS 2 指令实施条例，涉及数字基础设施、提供商和 ICT 服务管理者的网络安全风险管理和报告义务", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会的实施条例于 2024 年 11 月 7 日生效，该条例规定了关于整个联盟高共同水平网络安全措施的指令 (EU) 2022/2555（NIS 2 指令）的应用规则。 该法规特别概述了网络安全风险管理措施的技术和方法要求。此外，它还指定了对于 DNS 服务提供商而言事件被视为重大事件的情况，..." }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "European Commission assessment of Shein's compliance with Digital Service Act's requirement on establishment of notice and action mechanism", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_420", "description": "On 16 February 2026, the European Commission opened formal proceedings against Shein under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The proceeding focuses on the company’s systems to limit illegal products in the European Union, including content that could constitute child sexual abuse material, such as child-like sex dolls. It also examines risks linked to addictive design features, including points or rewards for engagement, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. In addition, the Commission ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会评估 Shein 是否遵守《数字服务法》关于建立通知和行动机制的要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 16 日，欧盟委员会根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 对 Shein 启动了正式诉讼。该诉讼的重点是该公司在欧盟限制非法产品的系统，包括可能构成儿童性虐待材料的内容，例如儿童性玩偶。它还检查与令人上瘾的设计功能相关的风险，包括参与的积分或奖励，以及缓解措施的有效性。此外，委员会..." }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "AEPD and EDPS inquiry into risks posed by processing neurodata to people's rights and freedoms", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-agencia-y-el-supervisor-europeo-analizan-los-retos-para-la", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued a joint report on the challenges that the processing of neurodata poses for people's rights and freedoms. The report, which examines the emerging phenomenon of neurodata processing, provides an overview and assesses its impact on privacy and personal data protection, including practical cases. The report analyses the implications of neurodata processing in various contexts, usi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AEPD 和 EDPS 调查处理神经数据对人们的权利和自由造成的风险", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 27 日，西班牙数据保护局 (AEPD) 和欧洲数据保护监督机构 (EDPS) 发布了一份关于神经数据处理给人们权利和自由带来的挑战的联合报告。该报告研究了神经数据处理的新兴现象，概述并评估了其对隐私和个人数据保护的影响，包括实际案例。该报告分析了神经数据处理在各种情况下的影响，使用..." }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "European Commission investigation into Amazon's compliance with Digital Service Act's requirement on transparency of recommender systems, ad repository and risk assessment obligations", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_24_3663", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the European Commission issued a formal request for information to Amazon under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The request seeks detailed information on the measures adopted by Amazon to adhere to DSA concerning transparency of the recommender systems, the input factors, features, signals, information and metadata applied for these systems and options available to users to opt out of being profiled for the recommender systems. In addition, Amazon is required to has to provide...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会调查亚马逊是否遵守《数字服务法》有关推荐系统、广告存储库和风险评估义务透明度的要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 5 日，欧盟委员会根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 向亚马逊发出正式信息请求。该请求寻求详细信息，说明亚马逊为遵守 DSA 所采取的措施，涉及推荐系统的透明度、适用于这些系统的输入因素、功能、信号、信息和元数据，以及用户可以选择不接受推荐系统分析的选项。此外，亚马逊还必须提供..." }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "Lawsuit relating to consumer protection association's capacity to sue for data protection infringements (Meta Platforms Ireland v Federation of German Consumer Organisations/Case C-757/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=288148&pageIndex=0&doclang=FR&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=2251167", "description": "On 11 July 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a ruling clarifying the interpretation of Article 80(2) of the GDPR on data protection infringements. The ruling stemmed from a reference by the Federal Court of Justice, Germany, concerning a representative action brought by the Federal Association of Consumer Centers and Consumer Associations against Meta Platforms Ireland. The ruling determined that a consumer protection association can bring a representative action ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与消费者保护协会起诉数据保护侵权行为的能力相关的诉讼（爱尔兰 Meta Platforms 诉德国消费者组织联合会/案例 C-757/22）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 11 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 发布裁决，澄清了 GDPR 第 80(2) 条关于数据保护侵权的解释。该裁决源于德国联邦法院对联邦消费者中心和消费者协会针对爱尔兰 Meta Platforms 提起的代表诉讼的参考。该裁决确定消费者保护协会可以提起代表诉讼......" }, { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "EDPB guidelines regarding the EU-US Data Privacy Framework addressed to businesses", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-07/edpb_dpf_faq-for-businesses_en.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published guidelines pertaining to the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF) addressed to businesses. The guidelines cover various aspects of the DPF, including its purpose and principles and eligibility criteria for US companies to participate in the DPF. Furthermore, the guidelines outline the steps to be taken by data exporters from the European Economic Area before transferring personal data to US companies claiming DPF certification...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 针对企业的欧盟-美国数据隐私框架指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 16 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了针对企业的欧盟-美国数据隐私框架 (DPF) 相关指南。该指南涵盖了DPF的各个方面，包括其目的和原则以及美国公司参与DPF的资格标准。此外，该指南概述了欧洲经济区的数据出口商在将个人数据传输给声称获得 DPF 认证的美国公司之前应采取的步骤......" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority review of complaint against platforms displaying reviews for hotels and restaurants under GDPR", "url": "https://www.vwgh.gv.at/rechtsprechung/aktuelle_entscheidungen/ro_2022040026.html", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Supreme Administrative Court (VwGH) published its decision upholding the legality of review platforms for hotels and restaurants under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The case involved hotel operators seeking the deletion of their personal data from a review platform. The platform operator refused, leading the hotel operators to file a data protection complaint with the Data Protection Authority (DPA). The DPA dismissed the complaint, citing the legitimacy o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对根据 GDPR 展示酒店和餐馆评论的平台的投诉进行审查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 17 日，最高行政法院 (VwGH) 发布裁决，维持《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 规定的酒店和餐馆审核平台的合法性。该案件涉及酒店经营者寻求从评论平台删除其个人数据。平台运营商拒绝了，导致酒店运营商向数据保护局 (DPA) 提出数据保护投诉。 DPA 驳回了投诉，理由是……" }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "European Union's Network and Information Systems Cooperation Group inquiry into cybersecurity and resilience of Europe's telecommunications and electricity sectors", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/risk-assessment-report-cyber-resilience-eus-telecommunications-and-electricity-sectors", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the European Union's Network and Information Systems Cooperation Group published the first report on the cybersecurity and resilience of Europe’s telecommunications and electricity sectors. The report highlights concerns about supply chain security, lack of cyber professionals, and threats from cybercriminals and state-sponsored actors. The report identifies key risks, including ransomware, data wipers, attacks originating from large bot networks, exploitation of zero-day vul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟网络和信息系统合作小组对欧洲电信和电力部门的网络安全和弹性进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 24 日，欧盟网络和信息系统合作小组发布了第一份关于欧洲电信和电力行业网络安全和复原力的报告。该报告强调了对供应链安全、缺乏网络专业人员以及来自网络犯罪分子和国家支持行为者的威胁的担忧。该报告确定了主要风险，包括勒索软件、数据擦除器、源自大型机器人网络的攻击、零日漏洞的利用……" }, { "date": "14 July 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in European Commission guidelines to enforce the protection of minors online under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-guidelines-protection-minors", "description": "On 14 July 2025, the European Commission published guidelines under the Digital Services Act (DSA) aimed at strengthening the protection of minors online. These guidelines require online platforms to configure default settings that prioritise privacy for underage users. This includes restricting the visibility of minors’ profiles, limiting default data sharing, and preventing intrusive tracking or data collection by default. The guidance also addresses age assurance, stressing that even less ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会指导方针中的数据保护法规，根据《数字服务法》加强对未成年人在线保护", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 14 日，欧盟委员会根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 发布了指导方针，旨在加强对未成年人的在线保护。这些准则要求在线平台配置优先考虑未成年用户隐私的默认设置。这包括限制未成年人个人资料的可见性、限制默认数据共享以及默认情况下防止侵入性跟踪或数据收集。该指南还涉及年龄保证，强调甚至更少......" }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "Data Protection Commission lawsuit against X's processing of personal data for training its AI tool Grok", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-welcomes-conclusion-proceedings-relating-xs-ai-tool-grok", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced the conclusion of the proceedings before the Irish High Court filed on 8 August 2024 against X for processing personal data harvested from the public posts of its European Economic Area users between 7 May 2024 and 1 August 2024. The data was initially processed to train X's artificial intelligence tool, Grok. The DPC decided to end the proceedings after X agreed to stop and limit its use of user data on a permanent bas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会针对 X 处理个人数据以训练其人工智能工具 Grok 提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 4 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 宣布爱尔兰高等法院于 2024 年 8 月 8 日对 X 提起的诉讼结束，该诉讼因 X 处理 2024 年 5 月 7 日至 2024 年 8 月 1 日期间从其欧洲经济区用户的公开帖子中收集的个人数据而被处理。这些数据最初被处理用于训练 X 的人工智能工具 Grok。在 X 同意永久停止并限制其使用用户数据后，DPC 决定结束诉讼……" }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "Aylo Freesites lawsuit challenging disclosure of user identities in advertisement repository under Digital Services Act (Case T-138/24 / C-511/24 P(R))", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A62024CO0511&utm", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the Vice-President of the Court of Justice of the European Union dismissed Aylo Freesites Ltd’s appeal against the General Court’s interim decision concerning the designation of Pornhub as a very large online platform under the EU Digital Services Act (DSA). The Court upheld the requirement for Pornhub to comply with Article 39 of the DSA, including the obligation to maintain a public advertisement repository. Aylo had sought suspension of the decision, arguing that discl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Aylo Freesites 提起诉讼，质疑根据《数字服务法》披露广告存储库中的用户身份（案件 T-138/24 / C-511/24 P(R)）", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 6 日，欧盟法院副院长驳回了 Aylo Freesites Ltd 对普通法院关于根据欧盟数字服务法 (DSA) 将 Pornhub 指定为超大型在线平台的临时决定提出的上诉。法院维持了 Pornhub 遵守 DSA 第 39 条的要求，包括维护公共广告存储库的义务。艾洛曾寻求暂停该决定，认为披露..." }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit challenging European Data Protection Board's Opinion 08/2024 on valid consent in consent or pay models implemented by large online platforms (Meta Platforms Ireland v European Data Protection Board) (T-319/24)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document_print.jsf?mode=lst&pageIndex=0&docid=298762&part=1&doclang=EN&text=&dir=&occ=first&cid=20552764", "description": "On 10 July 2025, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited filed an appeal before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) against the General Court’s order of 29 April 2025, which had dismissed as inadmissible its action for annulment and compensation against the European Data Protection Board’s (EDPB) Opinion 08/2024 on valid consent in the context of consent or pay models implemented by large online platforms. The opinion applies to large online platforms relying on consent-or-pay models. Me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诉讼质疑欧洲数据保护委员会关于大型在线平台实施的同意或付费模式中的有效同意的意见 08/2024（Meta Platforms Ireland 诉欧洲数据保护委员会）(T-319/24)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 10 日，Meta Platforms Ireland Limited 针对普通法院 2025 年 4 月 29 日的命令向欧盟法院 (CJEU) 提起上诉，该命令驳回了其针对欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 关于大型在线平台实施的同意或付费模式下的有效同意的第 08/2024 号意见的撤销和赔偿诉讼，该诉讼不可受理。该意见适用于依赖“同意或付费”模式的大型在线平台。我..." }, { "date": "27 August 2024", "title": "EU-China Cross-Border Data Flow Communication Mechanism", "url": "https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-and-china-launch-cross-border-data-flow-communication-mechanism-2024-08-28_en", "description": "On 27 August 2024, the EU and China announced the beginning of discussions to formally launch the EU-China Cross-Border Data Flow Communication Mechanism. The Mechanism aims to find practical solutions for European companies facing problems in relation to cross-border flows of non-personal data, both in facilitating such data flows and ensuring their compliance with Chinese laws. The mechanism is a deliverable of previous dialogues between the EU and China, and was also addressed in the 24th ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中欧跨境数据流沟通机制", "description_zh": "2024年8月27日，欧盟和中国宣布开始讨论正式启动中欧跨境数据流沟通机制。该机制旨在为面临非个人数据跨境流动问题的欧洲公司找到切实可行的解决方案，既促进此类数据流动，又确保其遵守中国法律。该机制是欧盟与中国此前对话的成果，也在24日的会议上得到了讨论。" }, { "date": "9 October 2024", "title": "Guidance on Interplay between DMA and GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/edpb-work-together-european-commission-develop-guidance-interplay-gdpr-and-dma_en", "description": "On 10 September 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) announced that it was collaborating with the European Commission on the development of Guidance on the interplay between the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Guidance focuses on obligations for gatekeepers which have strong interplay with GDPR obligations, with the aim of establishing a coherent interpretation of obligations which implement the aims of both regulatory frameworks in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DMA 和 GDPR 之间相互作用的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 10 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 宣布正在与欧盟委员会合作制定《数字市场法》(DMA) 与《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 之间相互作用的指南。该指南重点关注与 GDPR 义务密切相关的看门人义务，旨在对义务建立一致的解释，以实现这两个监管框架的目标……" }, { "date": "9 December 2024", "title": "EU Commission Standard Contractual Clauses for transfer of data to third country controllers and processors subject to the GDPR", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14404-Standard-contractual-clauses-for-the-transfer-of-data-to-third-country-controllers-and-processors-subject-to-the-GDPR_en", "description": "On 12 September 2024, the European Commission announced new Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) to govern the transfer of personal data to controllers and processors in third countries, specifically when those data importers are directly subject to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These clauses will complement the existing SCCs, which are used for data transfers to importers outside the EU who are not bound by the GDPR. The SCCs ensure compliance with GDPR requirements for inter...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会关于向受 GDPR 约束的第三国控制者和处理者传输数据的标准合同条款", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 12 日，欧盟委员会宣布了新的标准合同条款 (SCC)，以管理向第三国控制者和处理者传输个人数据，特别是当这些数据进口者直接受《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 约束时。这些条款将补充现有的 SCC，用于向欧盟以外不受 GDPR 约束的进口商传输数据。 SCC 确保遵守 GDPR 的内部要求..." }, { "date": "18 September 2024", "title": "Referral procedure by EU Member States concerning the acquisition of certain assets of Inflection by Microsoft", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_4727", "description": "On 18 September 2024, the European Commission acknowledged the withdrawal of referral requests by seven Member States regarding the acquisition of certain assets of Inflection AI, Inc. by Microsoft Corporation under Article 22 of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR). This decision followed the Court of Justice of the European Union's ruling on 3 September 2024 in the Illumina/GRAIL case, which clarified that Member States cannot refer a transaction to the Commission under Article 22 of the EUMR if...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟成员国关于 Microsoft 收购 Inflection 某些资产的转介程序", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 18 日，欧盟委员会承认七个成员国根据《欧盟合并条例》(EUMR) 第 22 条撤回了关于微软公司收购 Inflection AI, Inc. 某些资产的移交请求。该决定是在欧盟法院于 2024 年 9 月 3 日对 Illumina/GRAIL 案做出裁决之后作出的，该裁决澄清，成员国不能根据 EUMR 第 22 条将交易提交给欧盟委员会，如果……" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging Land Hessen Commissioner's response to personal data breach at a German savings bank (TR v Land Hessen) (C-768/21)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=290402&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=1851547", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a judgment clarifying the obligations of supervisory authorities under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the lawsuit challenging Land Hessen Commissioner for Data Protection's response to a personal data breach at a German savings bank. The case involved a German savings bank where an employee unlawfully accessed a customer's data but did not inform the customer, believing there was no significant risk, as ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诉讼质疑黑森州专员对德国储蓄银行个人数据泄露事件的回应（TR 诉 Land Hessen）(C-768/21)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 26 日，欧盟法院发布一项判决，澄清了监管机构在《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 下的义务，该诉讼质疑黑森州数据保护专员对德国储蓄银行个人数据泄露事件的反应。该案件涉及一家德国储蓄银行，一名员工非法访问客户的数据，但没有通知客户，认为不存在重大风险，因为……" }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "European Commission - Canada agreement on transfer of passenger name records data", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/canada/european-commission-and-canada-sign-agreement-transfer-passenger-name-records-data_und_fr", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Commissioner of Home Affairs of the European Commission signed an agreement with Canada on the transfer of passenger name records (PNR) data to enhance law enforcement cooperation between the EU and Canada. The agreement applies to airlines operating flights between the European Union and Canada. The agreement seeks to facilitate the exchange of passenger information and strengthen efforts to combat terrorism and serious crimes. It imposes obligations that allow for dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会-加拿大关于乘客姓名记录数据传输的协议", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 4 日，欧盟委员会内政专员与加拿大签署了关于旅客姓名记录 (PNR) 数据转让的协议，以加强欧盟与加拿大之间的执法合作。该协议适用于在欧盟和加拿大之间运营航班的航空公司。该协议旨在促进乘客信息交流并加强打击恐怖主义和严重犯罪的努力。它规定了允许数据的义务..." }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging online pharmacies for alleged GDPR violations on customer data consent (ND v DR) (C-21/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2024-10/cp240159en.pdf", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a ruling pertaining to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in a dispute between two pharmacists after the owner of Lindenapotheke was sued by a competitor for marketing medicinal products on Amazon without ensuring prior customer consent. The German Federal Court of Justice sought clarification on whether national legislation permitting competitors to initiate legal proceedings for GDPR violations as unfair ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对在线药店涉嫌违反 GDPR 规定的客户数据同意提起诉讼（ND 诉 DR）(C-21/23)", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 4 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对两名药剂师之间的纠纷做出了与《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 有关的裁决，此前 Lindenapotheke 的所有者因未经客户事先同意而在亚马逊上营销药品而被竞争对手起诉。德国联邦法院寻求澄清，国家立法允许竞争对手就 GDPR 违规行为提起法律诉讼是否不公平……" }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging imposed Data Protection Authority fine on Royal Dutch Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB) for alleged GDPR violations on customer data consent (Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennisbond v Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens) (C-621/22)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62022CJ0621", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered a judgment regarding the interpretation of Article 6(1)(f) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) concerning the processing of personal data. The judgement is the Court's answer to a request for a preliminary judgement on a dispute between the Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennisbond (KNLTB), a sports federation, and the Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens (Data Protection Authority of the Netherlands). The KNLTB faced a fine f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诉讼质疑数据保护局对荷兰皇家草地网球协会 (KNLTB) 因涉嫌违反客户数据同意的 GDPR 规定而处以的罚款（Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennisbond 诉 Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens）(C-621/22)", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 4 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 就有关个人数据处理的 (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) 条例第 6(1)(f) 条的解释作出判决。该判决是法院对就体育联合会 Koninklijke Nederlandse Lawn Tennisbond (KNLTB) 与 Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens（荷兰数据保护局）之间的争议做出初步判决请求的答复。 KNLTB 面临罚款..." }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit regarding the compensation for non-material damage under the GDPR (Pateretaju tiesibu aizsardzibas centrs v A) (C-507/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=290709&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=1112602", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Court of Justice of the European Union issued a ruling concerning the interpretation of Article 82(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in relation to a case involving unlawful processing of personal data. The original case concerned the distribution of a video featuring a character imitating the original applicant without his consent. The CJEU clarified that an infringement of GDPR provisions alone does not suffice to constitute damage warranting compen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 GDPR 下非物质损害赔偿的诉讼 (Pateretajutiesibu aizsardzibas centrs v A) (C-507/23)", "description_zh": "2024年10月4日，欧盟法院就一起涉及非法处理个人数据的案件发布了关于《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）第82（1）条解释的裁决。原案涉及未经原申请人同意传播模仿原申请人角色的视频。欧盟法院澄清，仅违反 GDPR 条款并不足以构成需要赔偿的损害..." }, { "date": "20 November 2024", "title": "EDPB guidelines 1/2024 on processing of personal data based on Article 6(1)(f) GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2024/guidelines-12024-processing-personal-data-based_en", "description": "On 20 November 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closes a public consultation on the guidelines for processing personal data under Article 6(1)(f) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the use of legitimate interests as a lawful basis for processing. The guidelines apply to data controllers and processors operating within the European Union. The guidelines require meeting conditions, including pursuing a lawful and clearly defined legitimate interest, proving the n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于根据 GDPR 第 6(1)(f) 条处理个人数据的指南 1/2024", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 20 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 结束了关于根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 6(1)(f) 条关于使用合法利益作为处理的合法基础的个人数据处理准则的公众咨询。该指南适用于在欧盟境内运营的数据控制者和处理者。该准则要求满足条件，包括追求合法且明确界定的合法利益，证明..." }, { "date": "10 July 2024", "title": "EDPB opinion 22/2024 on obligations following from the reliance on processors and sub-processors", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-10/edpb_opinion_202422_relianceonprocessors-sub-processors_en.pdf", "description": "On 7 October 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted an opinion on the obligations following the reliance on processors and sub-processors. The opinion was adopted following a request from the Danish Supervisory Authority to clarify aspects of Article 28 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on processors, particularly regarding controller-processor contracts and transfers of personal data outside the European Economic Area. The opinion highlights that controllers m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于因依赖处理者和子处理者而产生的义务的第 22/2024 号意见", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 7 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了关于依赖处理者和子处理者的义务的意见。该意见是在丹麦监管机构要求澄清《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 28 条中有关处理者的各个方面，特别是有关控制者-处理者合同以及欧洲经济区以外的个人数据传输的要求后通过的。该意见强调，控制器..." }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "European Data Protection Board coordinated enforcement framework on right to erasure", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/coordinated-enforcement-action-implementation-right-erasure_en", "description": "On 18 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a report presenting the findings of its coordinated enforcement framework action on the right to erasure under Article 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The action aimed to assess how effectively individuals can exercise their erasure rights and to evaluate compliance by controllers, including both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large technology companies. The findings, drawn from 32 par...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会协调删除权执行框架", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 18 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份报告，介绍了其根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 17 条对删除权采取的协调执行框架行动的调查结果。该行动旨在评估个人如何有效地行使其删除权，并评估控制者（包括中小型企业（SME）和大型科技公司）的合规性。调查结果来自 32 项..." }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Lawsuit against the European Union over alleged invalidity of Regulation (EU) 2024/1083 establishing a common framework for media services (Hungary v EU/Case C-486/24)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C_202405088", "description": "On 10 July 2024, Hungary filed a lawsuit against the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, seeking to annul Regulation (EU) 2024/1083, which establishes a framework for media services in the internal market. In particular, Hungary argues that the regulation lacks a proper legal basis, as it governs non-economic aspects of media services, such as cultural matters and national security that should remain under the control of Member States. Furthermore, it was highlighted t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对欧盟提起的诉讼，指控建立媒体服务共同框架的 (EU) 2024/1083 法规无效（匈牙利诉 EU/案例 C-486/24）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 10 日，匈牙利对欧洲议会和欧盟理事会提起诉讼，寻求废除建立内部市场媒体服务框架的法规 (EU) 2024/1083。匈牙利尤其认为，该法规缺乏适当的法律依据，因为它管辖媒体服务的非经济方面，例如应由成员国控制的文化事务和国家安全。 此外，还强调了..." }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "European Commission investigation into the proposed acquisition of Run:ai Labs by NVIDIA under the EU Merger Regulation", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/C/2025/1124/oj/eng", "description": "On 10 January 2025, Nvidia Corp. filed a lawsuit against the European Commission at the General Court of the European Union (Case T-15/25), challenging the Commission’s acceptance of a referral from the Italian competition authority (AGCM) to assess Nvidia's acquisition of AI startup Run:ai. Nvidia argues that the Commission’s 31 October 2024 decision (Case M.11766) to investigate the transaction under Article 22 of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) was unlawful, as the deal fell below EU and n...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会根据欧盟合并法规对 NVIDIA 拟议收购 Run:ai Labs 进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 10 日，英伟达公司向欧盟普通法院向欧盟委员会提起诉讼（案件 T-15/25），质疑欧盟委员会接受意大利竞争管理局 (AGCM) 评估英伟达收购人工智能初创公司 Run:ai 的移交意见。 Nvidia 辩称，欧盟委员会 2024 年 10 月 31 日根据欧盟合并条例 (EUMR) 第 22 条调查该交易的决定（案件 M.11766）是非法的，因为该交易低于欧盟和 n..." }, { "date": "11 April 2024", "title": "European Data Protection Board inquiry into implementation of EU-US data privacy framework", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2024-11/edpb_report_20241104_reportonfirstreviewofeu-u.s.dpf_en.pdf", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the report on the first review of the European Commission's implementing decision regarding the EU-US data privacy framework. The report assesses the commercial aspects of the framework, including the United States (US) Department of Commerce’s actions to enhance the self-certification process and complaint-handling mechanisms. The report also evaluates the access by US authorities to personal data, noting improvements in s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会对欧盟-美国数据隐私框架实施情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 4 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了欧盟委员会关于欧盟-美国数据隐私框架实施决定的首次审查报告。该报告评估了该框架的商业方面，包括美国商务部为加强自我认证流程和投诉处理机制而采取的行动。该报告还评估了美国当局对个人数据的访问，指出安全方面的改进..." }, { "date": "12 September 2024", "title": "ENISA technical guidance for the cybersecurity measures of the NIS2 Implementing Act", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/asking-for-your-feedback-enisa-technical-guidance-for-the-cybersecurity-measures-of-the-nis2-implementing-act", "description": "On 9 December 2024, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) closes a public consultation on the draft guidance on European Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/2690 of 17 October 2024, laying down rules for the application of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards technical and methodological requirements of cybersecurity risk-management measures. The technical guidance aims to assist European Union (EU) Member States and entities in meeting the requirements of Network and In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ENISA 针对 NIS2 实施法案网络安全措施的技术指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 9 日，欧盟网络安全局 (ENISA) 结束了关于欧盟委员会 2024 年 10 月 17 日实施条例 (EU) 2024/2690 的指南草案的公众咨询，该草案制定了关于网络安全风险管理措施的技术和方法要求的指令 (EU) 2022/2555 的应用规则。该技术指南旨在协助欧盟（EU）成员国和实体满足网络和信息技术的要求。" }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "Council Declaration on Common Understanding of International Law in Cyberspace", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/11/18/cyberspace-council-approves-declaration-to-promote-common-understanding-of-application-of-international-law/", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a declaration outlining a common understanding among EU member states on the application of international law in cyberspace. The declaration asserts that existing international law, including the United Nations (UN) Charter, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law, applies fully to cyberspace. It reaffirms the EU's commitment to the UN framework of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, endorsed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于网络空间国际法共同理解的宣言", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 18 日，欧盟理事会（EU）通过了一项声明，概述了欧盟成员国对网络空间国际法适用的共识。该宣言声称，包括《联合国宪章》、国际人权法和国际人道主义法在内的现行国际法完全适用于网络空间。它重申了欧盟对联合国网络空间负责任国家行为框架的承诺，认可..." }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok's management of information manipulation compliance with Digital Services Act following request from Romania authorities", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_6487", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the European Commission initiated formal proceedings against TikTok for an alleged breach of the Digital Services Act (DSA) concerning its obligation to conduct an adequate assessment and implement effective measures to mitigate potential systemic risks to the integrity of electoral processes, particularly in relation to the Romanian presidential elections held on 24 November 2024. The proceedings will focus on the examination of TikTok's recommender systems and policies ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "应罗马尼亚当局的要求，欧盟委员会对 TikTok 信息操纵管理遵守《数字服务法》的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 17 日，欧盟委员会对 TikTok 发起正式诉讼，指控其违反《数字服务法》(DSA)，涉及其有义务进行充分评估并采取有效措施，以减轻对选举进程完整性的潜在系统性风险，特别是与 2024 年 11 月 24 日举行的罗马尼亚总统选举有关的潜在系统性风险。该诉讼将重点审查 TikTok 的推荐系统和政策……" }, { "date": "6 May 2025", "title": "EPDB Guidelines on data transfers to third country authorities (Art. 48 GDPR)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2025-06/edpb_guidelines_202402_article48_v2_en.pdf", "description": "On 5 June 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published the final version of its guidelines on Article 48 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), following the close of public consultation in January 2025. The guidelines clarify that decisions or judgments from third-country authorities requiring the transfer or disclosure of personal data by EU-based controllers or processors are not directly enforceable unless supported by an international agreement, such as a mutual l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EPDB 关于向第三国当局传输数据的指南（GDPR 第 48 条）", "description_zh": "在 2025 年 1 月公众咨询结束后，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 于 2025 年 6 月 5 日发布了关于《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 48 条的指导方针的最终版本。该指导方针澄清，第三国当局要求欧盟控制者或处理者传输或披露个人数据的决定或判决不能直接执行，除非有国际协议（例如相互信任协议）的支持。" }, { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "European Commission assessment of very large online platforms and search engines compliance with DSA obligations on systemic risks mitigation", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-convenes-very-large-online-platforms-and-search-engines-monitor-election-readiness", "description": "On 29 November 2024, the European Commission (EC) and Romania's Digital Services Coordinator (ANCOM) convened very large online platforms (VLOPs) and search engines (VLOSEs), state authorities, and civil society organizations to prepare for the Romanian elections. The EC urged platforms to share risk assessments, mitigation measures, and identified threats, in line with the Digital Services Act (DSA). The DSA requires VLOPs and VLOSEs to analyse and mitigate systemic risks from political adve...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对大型在线平台和搜索引擎遵守 DSA 系统性风险缓解义务的评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 29 日，欧盟委员会 (EC) 和罗马尼亚数字服务协调员 (ANCOM) 召集了超大型在线平台 (VLOP) 和搜索引擎 (VLOSE)、国家当局和民间社会组织，为罗马尼亚选举做准备。 EC 敦促平台根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 共享风险评估、缓解措施和已识别的威胁。 DSA 要求 VLOP 和 VLOSE 来分析和减轻政治建议带来的系统性风险..." }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "EU Council recommendations on access to data for law enforcement purposes", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/12/12/access-to-data-council-calls-for-challenges-for-law-enforcement-to-be-addressed/", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the Council of the European Union issued a declaration recommending the EU and its Member States facilitate access to data by law enforcement authorities. On 22 November 2024, an expert group on data access for effective law enforcement issued a report identifying 42 recommendations to address challenges related to capacity building, industry cooperation, and potential legislative measures. In light of these recommendations, the Council invited EU institutions and Member ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟理事会关于出于执法目的获取数据的建议", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 12 日，欧盟理事会发表声明，建议欧盟及其成员国为执法机构获取数据提供便利。 2024 年 11 月 22 日，有效执法数据访问专家组发布了一份报告，提出了 42 条建议，以应对与能力建设、行业合作和潜在立法措施相关的挑战。根据这些建议，理事会邀请欧盟机构和成员......" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against European Commission for alleged personal data transfers to third countries (Case T-354/22 / Bindl v European Commission)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=294090&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=400497", "description": "On 8 January 2025, the General Court issued a ruling in Case T-354/22 brought against the European Commission concerning alleged breaches of EU data protection laws. The applicant claimed that his personal data had been unlawfully transferred to third countries, including the United States, during his interactions with the Conference on the Future of Europe website and sought annulment of the transfers, a declaration of failure to act by the Commission, and EUR 1'200 in damages for non-materi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对欧盟委员会涉嫌将个人数据传输至第三国的诉讼（案例 T-354/22 / Bindl 诉欧盟委员会）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 8 日，普通法院对针对欧盟委员会提起的案件 T-354/22 做出裁决，指控其违反欧盟数据保护法。申请人声称，在与欧洲未来会议网站互动期间，他的个人数据被非法转移到包括美国在内的第三国，并要求撤销转移、声明委员会未采取行动，并赔偿 1,200 欧元的非物质损失。" }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "Cross-regulatory cooperation related to data protection in Digital Clearinghouse 2.0", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2025-01/towards_a_digital_clearinghouse_2_0_january_2025_en_0.pdf", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued a concept note titled Towards a Digital Clearinghouse 2.0, aiming to enhance cross-regulatory cooperation for effective enforcement of data protection law. Building upon the original Digital Clearinghouse (2017-2021), this initiative seeks to address governance fragmentation in the EU's digital regulatory landscape by promoting a consistent, cooperative, and coherent approach to enforcing laws that govern digital market...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字清算所 2.0 中与数据保护相关的跨监管合作", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 15 日，欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 发布了题为《走向数字交换所 2.0》的概念说明，旨在加强跨监管合作，以有效执行数据保护法。该倡议以最初的数字信息交换所（2017-2021）为基础，旨在通过促进一致、合作和连贯的方法来执行管理数字市场的法律，解决欧盟数字监管环境中的治理碎片化问题……" }, { "date": "24 February 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on freedom of information Act aimed at balancing freedom of information and personal data protection", "url": "https://dsb.gv.at/aktuelles/entwurf-des-leitfadens-", "description": "On 24 February 2025, the Austrian Data Protection Authority (DSB) closes a public consultation on the guidelines on balancing freedom of information and personal data protection. The guidelines focus on the disclosure of sensitive data, including criminal convictions. It outlines a framework for public and private entities to navigate the legal balance between information access and privacy protection, including checklists for proactive information duties. It clarifies how the General Data Pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局关于信息自由法的指导方针旨在平衡信息自由和个人数据保护", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 24 日，奥地利数据保护局 (DSB) 结束了关于平衡信息自由和个人数据保护准则的公众咨询。该指南的重点是敏感数据的披露，包括刑事定罪。它概述了公共和私人实体在信息访问和隐私保护之间实现法律平衡的框架，包括主动信息职责清单。它阐明了通用数据如何..." }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "EDPB Pseudonymisation Guidelines", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2025/guidelines-012025-pseudonymisation_en", "description": "On 28 February 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closed its consultation on the \"Guidelines 01/2025 on Pseudonymisation\". The Guidelines aim to clarify the use and benefits of pseudonymisation for controllers and processors. In particular, the Guidelines clarify that pseudonymised data constitute information related to an identifiable natural person and is therefore still personal data. In addition, they clarify that pseudonymisation can reduce risks and support the use of legit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 假名指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 28 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 结束了关于“假名化指南 01/2025”的咨询。该指南旨在阐明控制者和处理者假名的使用和好处。 《指南》特别明确，假名数据构成与可识别自然人相关的信息，因此仍属于个人数据。此外，他们澄清说，假名可以降低风险并支持使用合法的......" }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "EDPB Statement on the Interplay between Data Protection and Competition Law", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other-guidance/position-paper-interplay-between-data-protection-and_en", "description": "On 16 January, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted a position paper on Interplay between data protection and competition law. The document outlines the importance of fostering cooperation between personal data protection and competition authorities to improve the ability of both regimes to protect data subjects and users and promote fair competition. The document also outlines suggestions for incorporating market and competition factors into data protection practices and for dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 关于数据保护与竞争法之间相互作用的声明", "description_zh": "1 月 16 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 通过了一份关于数据保护与竞争法之间相互作用的立场文件。该文件概述了促进个人数据保护和竞争主管机构之间合作的重要性，以提高两个制度保护数据主体和用户并促进公平竞争的能力。该文件还概述了将市场和竞争因素纳入数据保护实践以及数据..." }, { "date": "20 January 2025", "title": "Voluntary industry code of conduct addressing illegal hate speech online integrated into Digital Services Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_300", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the European Commission (EC) and the European Board for Digital Services announced their support for the revised industry Code of Conduct on Countering Illegal Hate Speech Online (\"Code of Conduct+\"), aligning it with the framework of the Digital Services Act (DSA). Building on the original 2016 Code of Conduct, the updated version aims to enhance online platforms' handling of content defined as illegal hate speech under EU and national laws, supporting compliance with and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将解决在线非法仇恨言论的自愿行业行为准则纳入《数字服务法》", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 20 日，欧盟委员会 (EC) 和欧洲数字服务委员会宣布支持修订后的《打击在线非法仇恨言论行业行为准则》（“行为准则+”），使其与《数字服务法》(DSA) 框架保持一致。更新版本以 2016 年原始行为准则为基础，旨在加强在线平台对欧盟和国家法律下定义为非法仇恨言论的内容的处理，支持遵守和..." }, { "date": "13 July 2023", "title": "European Union Code of conduct on age-appropriate design", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/meetings-special-group-eu-code-conduct-age-appropriate-design", "description": "On 13 July 2023, the European Commission held the first meeting of a special group dedicated to creating the EU Code of Conduct on age-appropriate design (BIK Code), an initiative under the BIK+ strategy. The group, comprising industry, civil society, and academic representatives, aims to develop guidelines ensuring children's online privacy, safety, and security. The Code will align with the Digital Services Act (DSA), Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD), and General Data Protection...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟适龄设计行为准则", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 13 日，欧盟委员会举行了第一次特别小组会议，该小组致力于制定欧盟适龄设计行为准则（BIK 准则），这是 BIK+ 战略下的一项举措。该组织由行业、民间社会和学术代表组成，旨在制定确保儿童在线隐私、安全和保障的准则。该准则将与《数字服务法》(DSA)、《视听媒体服务指令》(AVMSD) 和《一般数据保护》保持一致..." }, { "date": "24 January 2025", "title": "European Commission and German Federal Network Agency investigation into compliance of very large online platforms and search engines' content moderation policies with Digital Services Act ahead of upcoming elections in Germany", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/digital-services-coordinator-germany-hosts-roundtable-online-platforms", "description": "On 24 January 2025, the Federal Network Agency (FNA) in its capacity as the Digital Services Coordinator (DSC) for Germany, announced an investigation into the compliance of very large online platforms and search engines with content moderation obligations under the Digital Services Act (DSA). This announcement followed a roundtable discussion in Berlin with the European Commission, attended by representatives from Google (YouTube), Meta (Facebook, Instagram), TikTok, X, and other platforms, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在德国即将举行的选举之前，欧盟委员会和德国联邦网络局正在调查大型在线平台和搜索引擎的内容审核政策是否符合《数字服务法》", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 24 日，联邦网络局 (FNA) 作为德国数字服务协调员 (DSC) 宣布对超大型在线平台和搜索引擎遵守《数字服务法》(DSA) 规定的内容审核义务的情况进行调查。这一公告是在柏林与欧盟委员会举行圆桌讨论之后发布的，出席者包括来自 Google (YouTube)、Meta (Facebook、Instagram)、TikTok、X 和其他平台的代表，..." }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "DPC lawsuits against EDPB over competence to issue binding instructions to conduct an investigation (Joined Cases T-70/23, T-84/23 and T-111/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=294757&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=26175147", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the General Court issued a judgment in the joined cases T‑70/23, T‑84/23, and T‑111/23, affirming the European Data Protection Board's (EDPB) authority under Article 65(1)(a) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) concerning the legally binding decisions. The Data Protection Commission (DPC) of Ireland challenged the EDPB's binding decisions, which required it to broaden the scope of its investigations and issue new draft decisions concerning the data processing ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPC 就 EDPB 有权发布具有约束力的调查指示提起诉讼（联合案件 T-70/23、T-84/23 和 T-111/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 29 日，普通法院对合并案件 T-70/23、T-84/23 和 T-111/23 作出判决，确认了欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 65(1)(a) 条有关具有法律约束力的决定的权力。爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 对 EDPB 具有约束力的决定提出质疑，该决定要求其扩大调查范围并发布有关数据处理的新决定草案......" }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "Lawsuit on responsibilities of online marketplace operators under Directive on Electronic Commerce (X v Russmedia/Case C-492/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=306764&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=14925553", "description": "On 2 December 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union delivered its judgment in X v Russmedia Digital SRL, clarifying that operators of online marketplaces are considered controllers under Article 4(7) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) for personal data contained in user-posted advertisements. The Court ruled that, under Articles 5(2) and 24 to 26 GDPR, marketplace operators must identify advertisements containing sensitive data before publication. They must verify whe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于电子商务指令下在线市场运营商责任的诉讼（X v Russmedia/案例 C-492/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 2 日，欧盟法院在 X v Russmedia Digital SRL 案中作出判决，澄清根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 4(7) 条，在线市场运营商被视为用户发布广告中包含的个人数据的控制者。法院裁定，根据 GDPR 第 5(2) 条和第 24 至 26 条，市场运营商必须在发布前识别包含敏感数据的广告。他们必须核实..." }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against X for alleged breaches of Art 40(12) granting access to data for researchers (Democracy Reporting International v X)", "url": "", "description": "On 18 February 2025, Twitter International (X) announced on their platform they would be challenging the decision issued by the Berlin Regional Court II a case between Democracy Reporting International (DRI) and the platform. The Court had ruled that X must grant DRI immediate and unrestricted access to all publicly available data on platform X, including real-time data, via its online interface until 25 February 2025. The ruling also specified that X would bear the costs of the proceedings, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 X 提起诉讼，指控其违反授予研究人员数据访问权的第 40(12) 条 (Democracy Reporting International v X)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 18 日，Twitter International (X) 在其平台上宣布，他们将对柏林第二地区法院就民主报道国际 (DRI) 与该平台之间的案件做出的裁决提出质疑。法院裁定 X 必须允许 DRI 在 2025 年 2 月 25 日之前通过其在线界面立即且不受限制地访问平台 X 上的所有公开数据，包括实时数据。该裁决还规定 X 将承担诉讼费用，……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "EDPB Working Group of the Supervision of AI Systems", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/novice/generativna-umetna-inteligenca-pod-drobnogledom-informacijskega-poobla%C5%A1%C4%8Denca-1739949806", "description": "On 19 February 2025, the Information Commissioner of Slovenia joined the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and other EU supervisory authorities in coordinated efforts to protect fundamental rights and freedoms when using generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT, DALL-E, Google Gemini, and DeepSeek. As part of the Working Group on Supervision of AI Systems, the Information Commissioner will assess whether inspection procedures are needed against AI system providers, inclu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EDP​​B 人工智能系统监管工作组", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 19 日，斯洛文尼亚信息专员与欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 和其他欧盟监管机构共同努力，在使用 ChatGPT、DALL-E、Google Gemini 和 DeepSeek 等生成人工智能 (AI) 工具时保护基本权利和自由。作为人工智能系统监督工作组的一部分，信息专员将评估是否需要针对人工智能系统提供商进行检查程序，包括……" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Council recommendation for an EU Blueprint on cybersecurity crisis management", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_25_1453", "description": "On 6 June 2025, EU Member States adopted the European Commission’s proposal on the EU Blueprint for Cybersecurity Crisis Management (\"Cyber Blueprint\"). The non-binding instrument establishes a structured framework for managing large-scale cyber incidents and crises at the Union level. It outlines procedural protocols across all crisis phases, including escalation mechanisms, stakeholder responsibilities, and coordinated response measures. The framework integrates existing instruments such as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于欧盟网络安全危机管理蓝图的建议", "description_zh": "2025年6月6日，欧盟成员国通过了欧盟委员会关于欧盟网络安全危机管理蓝图（“网络蓝图”）的提案。这项不具约束力的文书建立了一个在联盟层面管理大规模网络事件和危机的结构化框架。它概述了所有危机阶段的程序协议，包括升级机制、利益相关者责任和协调应对措施。该框架集成了现有工具，例如......" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "CNIL source on DeepSeek and data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/coordination-sur-lia-et-protection-des-mineurs-retour-sur-la-derniere-pleniere-du-cepd", "description": "Official source record dated 2 December 2025 for Austria concerning EU task force on DeepSeek. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟 DeepSeek 工作组", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 12 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 扩大了其 ChatGPT 工作组的范围，将其他人工智能系统纳入其中，包括中国人工智能聊天机器人 DeepSeek，以回应国家数据保护机构对数据收集实践的调查。为加强隐私事务协调，EDPB 宣布成立快速响应小组，协助国家执法工作。" }, { "date": "14 April 2025", "title": "Council decision authorising European Commission to sign EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement (DTA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025D0798", "description": "On 14 April 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted the decision on the signing, on behalf of the Union, of the Digital Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore. The decision authorises the Commission to sign the agreement on behalf of the EU. The Agreement establishes rules for digital trade between the countries and aims to facilitate cross-border data flows and digitally enabled trade in goods and services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会决定授权欧盟委员会签署欧盟-新加坡数字贸易协定（DTA）", "description_zh": "2025年4月14日，欧盟理事会通过了关于代表欧盟签署欧盟与新加坡共和国之间的数字贸易协定的决定。该决定授权委员会代表欧盟签署该协议。该协议制定了各国之间的数字贸易规则，旨在促进跨境数据流动以及数字化的商品和服务贸易。" }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Implementing regulation providing technical descriptions for important and critical products with digital elements under the Cyber Resilience Act (2024/2847)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14449-Technical-description-of-important-and-critical-products-with-digital-elements_en", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the European Commission closes its consultation on a draft implementing regulation detailing the technical descriptions of essential and critical products with digital elements under the Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847). The draft regulation defines the categories of such products, outlining the cybersecurity conformity assessment requirements applicable to manufacturers. It clarifies how a product’s core functionality determines whether it falls within the s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据《网络弹性法案》(2024/2847) 实施法规，为具有数字元素的重要和关键产品提供技术描述", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 15 日，欧盟委员会结束了对一项实施法规草案的磋商，该草案详细介绍了《网络弹性法案》（法规 (EU) 2024/2847）下具有数字元素的基本和关键产品的技术描述。该法规草案定义了此类产品的类别，概述了适用于制造商的网络安全合格评定要求。它阐明了产品的核心功能如何决定它是否属于..." }, { "date": "5 July 2024", "title": "Kenya-European Union Adequacy Dialogue", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/kenya/data-protection-kenya-and-eu-launch-very-first-adequacy-dialogue-african-continent_en?s=352", "description": "On 7 May 2024, the European Union and Kenya announced the launch of an Adequacy Dialogue, aiming to facilitate the free flow of personal data from the EU to Kenya. A successful outcome could result in an Adequacy Decision, enabling the transfer of data between the jurisdictions. Such a decision would also align with the objectives of the recently concluded EU-Kenya Economic Partnership Agreement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯尼亚-欧盟充足性对话", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 7 日，欧盟和肯尼亚宣布启动充分性对话，旨在促进个人数据从欧盟到肯尼亚的自由流动。成功的结果可能会导致充分性决策，从而实现司法管辖区之间的数据传输。这样的决定也将符合最近缔结的欧盟-肯尼亚经济伙伴关系协定的目标。" }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board Co-Operation procedure for approval of Binding Corporate Rules for controllers and processors under GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/procedure/edpb-document-setting-forth-co-operation-procedure-approval_en", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published a document outlining the Approval Procedure for Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs). The document provides a cooperation framework for the approval of BCRs under Article 47 GDPR, which serves as a legal mechanism for cross-border data transfers within corporate groups. The document establishes the BCR Lead Supervisory Authority, responsible for reviewing applications, coordinating with other Supervisory Authorities (SAs), and su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会批准 GDPR 下控制者和处理者具有约束力的公司规则的合作程序", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 13 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 发布了一份文件，概述了具有约束力的公司规则 (BCR) 的审批程序。该文件提供了根据 GDPR 第 47 条批准 BCR 的合作框架，该框架作为企业集团内跨境数据传输的法律机制。该文件设立了 BCR 牵头监管机构，负责审查申请、与其他监管机构 (SA) 协调并监督……" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to prohibitory injunctions under General Data Protection Regulation (IP v Quirin Privatbank AG) (Case C-655/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=296872&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=13557470", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued an opinion on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), examining whether data subjects can demand that controllers refrain from repeating unlawful processing of personal data. The opinion applies to data controllers and processors, particularly those handling sensitive personal data. It concludes that while the GDPR does not explicitly grant this right, it is implied through Articles 5 and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与《通用数据保护条例》下的禁止令相关的诉讼（IP v Quirin Privatbank AG）（案例 C-655/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 20 日，欧盟法院（CJEU）总检察长就《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）发表意见，审查数据主体是否可以要求控制者不要重复非法处理个人数据。该意见适用于数据控制者和处理者，特别是那些处理敏感个人数据的人。结论是，虽然 GDPR 没有明确授予这项权利，但第 5 条和……暗示了这一权利。" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "European Digital Infrastructure Consortium for the Alliance for Language Technologies (ALT-EDIC)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024D0458", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the Alliance for Language Technologies - European Digital Infrastructure Consortium (ALT-EDIC) and the Language Data Space (LDS) were launched. The objective of both entities is to increase the availability of linguistic data for multilingual artificial intelligence systems. ALT-EDIC, which was established in February 2024 with 17 participating Member States, is designated to develop a European infrastructure for language technologies. The LDS, which is funded under the DIGI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数字基础设施联盟语言技术联盟 (ALT-EDIC)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 20 日，语言技术联盟 - 欧洲数字基础设施联盟 (ALT-EDIC) 和语言数据空间 (LDS) 成立。两个实体的目标都是提高多语言人工智能系统语言数据的可用性。 ALT-EDIC 于 2024 年 2 月成立，有 17 个参与成员国，旨在开发欧洲语言技术基础设施。 LDS 由 DIGI 资助..." }, { "date": "21 April 2025", "title": "Rules on data subject information and restrictions under European Commission Decision (EU) 2025/628 for supervision, investigation, enforcement and monitoring under Regulation (EU) 2022/2065", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32025D0628", "description": "On 21 April 2025, the Commission Decision (EU) 2025/628, which established internal regulations concerning the provision of information to data subjects and the limitation of certain data subjects' rights in relation to personal data processing undertaken under the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065) entered into force. The Decision applies to personal data processed during the Commission's supervisory, investigative, enforcement, and monitoring activities under the Digital Servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会决定 (EU) 2025/628 中关于数据主体信息和限制的规则，用于根据法规 (EU) 2022/2065 进行监督、调查、执行和监控", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 21 日，委员会决定 (EU) 2025/628 生效，该决定制定了有关向数据主体提供信息以及限制某些数据主体与根据《数字服务法》进行个人数据处理相关的权利的内部法规（条例 (EU) 2022/2065）。该决定适用于委员会在数字服务下的监督、调查、执行和监测活动期间处理的个人数据。" }, { "date": "4 February 2025", "title": "European Artificial Intelligence Office survey on living repository of Artificial Intelligence literacy practices", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/new-survey-gather-practices-ai-literacy-living-repository", "description": "On 2 April 2025, the European Artificial Intelligence (AI) Office opened a survey on AI literacy practices to inform the living repository fostering learning and exchange on AI literacy. The consultation seeks to gather a broad range of AI literacy practices from organisations to encourage the exchange of knowledge and support the implementation of Article 4 of the European Union AI Act. The Article mandates that providers and deployers of AI systems ensure a sufficient level of AI literacy a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲人工智能办公室对人工智能素养实践活库的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 2 日，欧洲人工智能 (AI) 办公室启动了一项关于人工智能素养实践的调查，为促进人工智能素养学习和交流的生活知识库提供信息。此次磋商旨在收集各组织广泛的人工智能素养实践，以鼓励知识交流并支持欧盟人工智能法案第 4 条的实施。该条款要求人工智能系统的提供者和部署者确保足够的人工智能素养水平......" }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity provisions in European Commission ProtectEU strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_25_921", "description": "On 1 April 2025, the European Commission announced ProtectEU, an internal security strategy aimed at strengthening the European Union's capacity to address evolving security threats. The strategy applies to digital infrastructure providers, and technology suppliers. It includes measures to enhance lawful data access and cross-border operational coordination. The strategy includes a governance framework and roadmaps on encryption and data retention. It also outlines actions to secure critical ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会 ProtectEU 战略中的网络安全条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 1 日，欧盟委员会宣布了 ProtectEU，这是一项内部安全战略，旨在加强欧盟应对不断变化的安全威胁的能力。该战略适用于数字基础设施提供商和技术供应商。它包括加强合法数据访问和跨境运营协调的措施。该战略包括治理框架以及加密和数据保留的路线图。它还概述了确保关键..." }, { "date": "4 April 2025", "title": "European Union-Central Asia Summit", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_980", "description": "On 4 April 2025, the European Union, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan adopted a Joint Declaration at the First EU–Central Asia Summit in Samarkand. The Declaration set out plans to expand cooperation on cybersecurity and hybrid threats at bilateral, regional, and multilateral levels. It confirmed the initiation of a dedicated dialogue on counter-terrorism and violent extremism, which includes elements related to online radicalisation and digital disinf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-中亚峰会", "description_zh": "2025年4月4日，欧盟、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯共和国、塔吉克斯坦、土库曼斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦在撒马尔罕举行的首届欧盟-中亚峰会上通过了一项联合声明。该宣言制定了在双边、区域和多边层面扩大网络安全和混合威胁合作的计划。它确认启动关于反恐和暴力极端主义的专门对话，其中包括与网络激进化和数字消除信息相关的内容。" }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "European Commission Digital Product Passport system under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation", "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-launches-consultation-digital-product-passport-2025-04-09_en", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the European Commission closes a public consultation on the Digital Product Passport system under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation. The consultation applies to service providers responsible for managing and storing product data. The consultation seeks to gather feedback on data handling practices and the potential need for a certification scheme. The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation forms the foundation of the European Union's strategy for promoti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "可持续产品生态设计法规下的欧盟委员会数字产品护照系统", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，欧盟委员会根据可持续产品生态设计法规结束了关于数字产品护照系统的公众咨询。该咨询适用于负责管理和存储产品数据的服务提供商。该咨询旨在收集有关数据处理实践和认证计划的潜在需求的反馈。可持续产品生态设计法规构成了欧盟促进可持续发展战略的基础..." }, { "date": "6 September 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board guidelines on processing personal data through blockchain technologies", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2025/edpb-adopts-guidelines-processing-personal-data-through-blockchains-and-ready_da", "description": "On 9 June 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closes its public consultation on the guidelines on the processing of personal data through blockchain technologies. The guidelines aim to support organisations to comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) when using blockchain, emphasising the importance of implementing technical and organisational measures early in the design phase. The guidelines include assessing the roles and responsibilities of different actors, c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲数据保护委员会关于通过区块链技术处理个人数据的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 9 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 结束了关于通过区块链技术处理个人数据的指南的公众咨询。该指南旨在支持组织在使用区块链时遵守通用数据保护条例（GDPR），强调在设计阶段早期实施技术和组织措施的重要性。该指南包括评估不同参与者的角色和责任，..." }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "Principles for addressing cybersecurity risks in EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/news/eu-singapore-digital-trade-agreement-enters-force-2026-02-02_en", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the European Union-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) entered into force. The DTA provides that the parties shall endeavour to build the capabilities of their national cybersecurity incident response entities and to share information on cybersecurity incidents and practices. It further provides that the Parties shall endeavour to use and promote risk-based approaches for cybersecurity, relying on standards developed in a consensus-based, transparent, and open manner, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟-新加坡数字贸易协定中解决网络安全风险的原则", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 1 日，欧盟-新加坡数字贸易协定（DTA）生效。 DTA规定，双方应努力建设各自国家网络安全事件响应实体的能力，并共享网络安全事件和实践的信息。它还规定，双方应努力使用和推广基于风险的网络安全方法，依靠以协商一致、透明和开放的方式制定的标准，……" }, { "date": "6 February 2025", "title": "Delegated act concerning exclusion of certain L-category vehicles from Cyber Resilience Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14506-Automotive-sector-cybersecurity-rules-L-category-vehicles_en", "description": "On 2 June 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation period for the draft delegated act on the exclusion of certain L-category vehicles from the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA). The draft act excludes products with digital elements that are already subject to cybersecurity obligations under EU type-approval rules for L-category vehicles. This follows the extension of Regulation No. 155 to these vehicles, which will apply from 2027 for new types and 2029 for existing ones. The aim of the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于将某些 L 类车辆排除在《网络弹性法案》之外的授权法案", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 2 日，欧盟委员会结束了关于将某些 L 类车辆排除在《网络弹性法案》(CRA) 之外的授权法案草案的咨询期。该法案草案不包括已根据欧盟 L 类车辆型式批准规则承担网络安全义务的具有数字元素的产品。在此之前，第 155 号法规已将其适用于这些车辆，该法规将从 2027 年起适用于新型车辆，2029 年起适用于现有车辆。该组织的目标是..." }, { "date": "5 August 2025", "title": "Joint letter on proposal on simplification of record-keeping under the General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2025/simplification-record-keeping-obligation-edpb-and-edps-adopt-letter-eu-commission_en", "description": "On 8 May 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted a joint letter addressed to the European Commission concerning the draft proposal on the simplification of record-keeping obligations under Regulation (EU) 2016/679 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The proposal specifically focuses on amending Article 30(5) to potentially extend certain derogations to small mid-cap companies and non-profits with fewer than 500 employee...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于根据《通用数据保护条例》简化记录保存提案的联合信函", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 8 日，欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 和欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 通过了一封致欧盟委员会的联合信函，内容涉及关于简化 (EU) 2016/679 通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 规定的记录保存义务的提案草案。该提案特别侧重于修改第 30(5) 条，以可能将某些减损范围扩大到员工人数少于 500 名的中小型公司和非营利组织……" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Council of the European Union conclusions on assessment of the legal framework for audiovisual media services and video-sharing platform services", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/05/13/council-sets-out-its-priorities-for-the-audiovisual-media-sector/", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Council of the European Union published its priorities for the audiovisual media sector, ahead of the upcoming review of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) in 2026. The Council highlighted the need to clarify the relationship between the AVMSD and broader EU frameworks, including the Digital Services Act and European Media Freedom Act, particularly in cross-border enforcement scenarios. It underlined the importance of ensuring effective regulatory cooperation...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟理事会关于视听媒体服务和视频共享平台服务法律框架评估的结论", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，欧盟理事会在即将于 2026 年审查视听媒体服务指令 (AVMSD) 之前发布了视听媒体行业的优先事项。理事会强调需要澄清 AVMSD 与更广泛的欧盟框架（包括《数字服务法》和《欧洲媒体自由法》）之间的关系，特别是在跨境执法场景中。它强调了确保有效监管合作的重要性......" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in European Vulnerability Database under NIS 2 Directive", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/consult-the-european-vulnerability-database-to-enhance-your-digital-security", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) announced the establishment of the European Vulnerability Database (EUVD) under the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS 2 Directive). The policy aims to provide a comprehensive repository of cybersecurity vulnerabilities affecting ICT products and services. ENISA developed the EUVD to ensure transparent access to reliable and actionable vulnerability information, enhancing cybersecurity management across the Europ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIS 2 指令下欧洲漏洞数据库的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025年5月13日，欧盟网络安全局（ENISA）宣布根据网络和信息安全指令（NIS 2指令）建立欧洲漏洞数据库（EUVD）。该政策旨在提供影响 ICT 产品和服务的网络安全漏洞的综合存储库。 ENISA 开发了 EUVD，以确保透明地访问可靠且可操作的漏洞信息，从而增强整个欧洲的网络安全管理..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok's compliance with obligation to provide a searchable and reliable repository for advertisements under Digital Service Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2940", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the European Commission announced that TikTok had submitted binding commitments to meet the Digital Services Act (DSA) requirements on advertising transparency, including maintaining an accessible and searchable advertising repository. TikTok committed to providing the full content of each advertisement as it appears in users’ feeds, including linked URLs. It will update the repository within a maximum of 24 hours and will supply advertisers’ targeting criteria together wi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission调查 TikTok 是否遵守《Digital Services Act》规定的提供可搜索且可靠的广告存储库的义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 5 日，European Commission宣布 TikTok 已提交具有约束力的承诺，以满足《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 对广告透明度的要求，包括维护可访问和可搜索的广告存储库。 TikTok 致力于提供用户提要中出现的每个广告的完整内容，包括链接的 URL。它将在最多 24 小时内更新存储库，并提供广告商的定位标准和..." }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "2025 amendment to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) as part of the Simplification Omnibus Bill IV", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2025/targeted-modifications-gdpr-edpb-edps-welcome-simplification-record-keeping_en", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) released Joint Opinion 01/2025 on the Proposal for a Regulation issued by the European Commission (EC) on 21 May 2025. The Proposal introduces simplification measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and small mid-cap enterprises (SMCs), particularly concerning the record-keeping obligation under Article 30(5) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "作为简化综合法案 IV 的一部分，General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)（条例 (EU) 2016/679）的 2025 年修正案", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 和欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 发布了关于European Commission (EC) 于 2025 年 5 月 21 日发布的监管提案的联合意见 01/2025。该提案引入了针对中小企业 (SME) 和中小型企业 (SMC) 的简化措施，特别是关于第 30(5) 条规定的记录保存义务法规 (EU) 2016/679（一般数据保护法规..." }, { "date": "18 June 2025", "title": "Impact assessment on retention of data by service providers for criminal proceedings", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14680-Impact-assessment-on-retention-of-data-by-service-providers-for-criminal-proceedings-_en", "description": "On 18 June 2025, the European Commission closes its consultation opened to inform the impact assessment on data retention obligations for electronic communication service providers in the context of criminal proceedings. The initiative responds to concerns about the lack of harmonised EU-level rules requiring service providers to retain non-content metadata, such as subscriber data, IP addresses, and device location, for a limited period. The impact assessment will consider potential legislat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对刑事诉讼服务提供商保留数据的影响评估", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 18 日，European Commission结束了为刑事诉讼中电子通信服务提供商数据保留义务的影响评估而开展的磋商。该举措回应了人们对缺乏统一的EU规则的担忧，这些规则要求服务提供商在有限的时间内保留非内容Meta数据，例如订户数据、IP 地址和设备位置。影响评估将考虑潜在的立法..." }, { "title": "Court of Justice of the European Union case on unauthorised use of press publications in chatbot outputs (Like Company v Google Ireland/C-250/25)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/site/jcms/1529176_EmbedVideo/en/hearing-10/03/2026", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) heard arguments from Like Company in its case against Google. Like Company alleged that Google Search, Gemini, AI Overviews, and AI Mode had continuously and unlawfully used, communicated to the public, and reproduced its protected press publications without consent or payment. Like Company relied on Article 15 of the Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive as the legal basis for the protection of EU online pu...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Court of Justice of the European Union关于在聊天机器人输出中未经授权使用新闻出版物的案件（Like Company v Google Ireland/C-250/25）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 10 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 听取了 Like Company 针对Google案件的论点。 Like Company 指控 Google Search、Gemini、AI Overviews 和 AI Mode 在未经同意或付费的情况下持续非法使用、向公众传播和复制其受保护的新闻出版物。 Like公司依据《Copyright in the Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive》第15条作为保护EU在线出版物的法律依据。" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "European Board for Digital Services coordinated action on age verification to protect minors from unlawful access to pornographic platforms", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/european-board-digital-services-launches-coordinated-action-reinforce-protection-minors-regards", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the European Board for Digital Services adopted a coordinated action to strengthen the protection of minors against unlawful access to pornographic content on online platforms. The action aligns with the European Commission’s concerns regarding violations of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and supports the Commission’s in-depth investigation into designated Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs), while emphasising the need for consistent enforcement across non-VLOP platforms under...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数字服务委员会协调年龄验证行动，以保护未成年人免遭非法访问色情平台", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 27 日，欧洲数字服务委员会采取了一项协调行动，加强保护未成年人免遭非法访问在线平台上的色情内容。该行动符合European Commission对违反《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 的担忧，并支持委员会对指定的超大型在线平台 (VLOP) 进行深入调查，同时强调需要在非 VLOP 平台上进行一致的执法。" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "European Commission Implementing Regulation on joint clinical assessment procedures for medical devices under Health Technology Assessment Regulation (2021/2282)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13707-Health-technology-assessment-joint-clinical-assessments-of-medical-devices_en", "description": "On 25 June 2025, the European Commission closes the consultation on the draft Implementing Regulation for joint clinical assessments under the Health Technology Assessment Regulation (2021/2282). The consultation invites feedback on procedural rules governing cooperation between national authorities and expert panels in evaluating medical devices. The regulation aims to streamline assessments, reduce duplication across member states, and promote shared use of resources while respecting nation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission《卫生技术评估条例》下医疗器械联合临床评估程序实施条例 (2021/2282)", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 25 日，European Commission结束了《卫生技术评估条例》(2021/2282) 下联合临床评估实施条例草案的磋商。此次磋商征求有关国家当局与专家小组在评估医疗器械方面合作的程序规则的反馈意见。该法规旨在简化评估，减少成员国之间的重复，并促进资源共享，同时尊重国家..." }, { "date": "6 April 2025", "title": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity national cybersecurity strategies interactive map", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/news/national-cybersecurity-strategies-whats-new-in-the-eus-national-cybersecurity-policymaking", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) released an update to the National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSS) Interactive Map. The map provides an overview of national cybersecurity strategies across the EU and information on how Member States implement them. It includes details on strategic objectives, implementation measures, and practices, and is intended to support transparency and comparability in line with EU cybersecurity regulatory frameworks, such as the NIS2...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity国家网络安全战略互动地图", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 4 日，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了国家网络安全战略 (NCSS) 互动地图的更新。该地图概述了整个EU的国家网络安全战略以及成员国如何实施这些战略的信息。它包括有关战略目标、实施措施和实践的详细信息，旨在支持符合EU网络安全监管框架（例如 NIS2...）的透明度和可比性。" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Authorisation of goods or services in Digital Networks Act (2026/0013(COD))", "url": "https://www.berec.europa.eu/system/files/2026-03/BoR%20%2826%29%2052_Early%20BEREC%20assessment%20of%20the%20Digital%20Networks%20Act.pdf", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) published its early assessment of the European Commission's proposal for a Digital Networks Act (DNA). The DNA, proposed on 21 January 2026, aims to update the objectives and regulatory tools of the legislative framework for electronic communications. The assessment covers the following areas. On regulatory objectives, BEREC raises concerns that the proposed rewording of the competition objective under Art...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《数字网络法》中的商品或服务授权 (2026/0013(COD))", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 30 日，欧洲电子通信监管机构 (BEREC) 发布了对European Commission数字网络法案 (DNA) 提案的早期评估。 DNA 于 2026 年 1 月 21 日提出，旨在更新电子通信立法框架的目标和监管工具。评估涵盖以下领域。关于监管目标，BEREC 对根据第 1 条拟议的竞争目标重新措辞表示担忧……" }, { "date": "6 April 2025", "title": "Measures on AI, quantum technologies, and semiconductors in International Digital Strategy for the EU", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1370", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Commission and High Representative issued the International Digital Strategy for the EU, including measures concerning emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technologies, and semiconductors. The strategy integrates digital policy into the EU’s external action, positioning digital transformation as a core geopolitical and economic concern. It sets out a vision for strengthening secure digital infrastructure and advancing technological ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU国际数字战略中artificial intelligence、量子技术和半导体的措施", "description_zh": "2025年6月4日，European Commission和高级代表发布了EU国际数字战略，包括有关artificial intelligence（AI）、量子技术和半导体等新兴技术的措施。该战略将数字政策纳入EU的对外行动，将数字化转型定位为核心地缘政治和经济问题。它提出了加强安全数字基础设施和推进技术的愿景......" }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Measures concerning online protection of minors in Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R2065", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Regulation of a Single Market for Digital Services (DSA) entered into force, with Article 28 establishing provisions for the online protection of minors, requiring providers of online platforms accessible to minors to implement appropriate and proportionate measures to ensure a high level of privacy, safety, and security for minors on their services. Under paragraph 2, such providers are prohibited from presenting advertisements based on profiling, as defined in Artic...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Services Act (DSA)中有关未成年人在线保护的措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 17 日，《数字服务单一市场条例》（DSA）生效，其中第 28 条确立了未成年人在线保护的规定，要求未成年人访问的在线平台提供商采取适当和相称的措施，以确保未成年人在其服务中获得高水平的隐私、安全和保障。根据第 2 款，此类提供商不得根据第 2 条中的定义展示基于分析的广告。" }, { "date": "13 June 2025", "title": "European Commission's Joint Research Centre generative Artificial Intelligence outlook report exploring the intersection of technology, society, and policy (No. JRC142598)", "url": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC142598", "description": "On 13 June 2025, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) published the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Outlook Report, examining the impact of Generative AI (GenAI) across the European Union. The report applies to economic activities involving GenAI in sectors including healthcare, education, science, cybersecurity, creative industries, and public services. It outlines GenAI’s potential to drive innovation and productivity, while also highlighting risks including misinf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission联合研究中心生成artificial intelligence展望报告探讨技术、社会和政策的交叉点（编号：JRC142598）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 13 日，European Commission联合研究中心 (JRC) 发布了生成artificial intelligence (AI) 展望报告，研究了生成artificial intelligence (GenAI) 在整个EU的影响。该报告适用于医疗保健、教育、科学、网络安全、创意产业和公共服务等领域涉及 GenAI 的经济活动。它概述了 GenAI 推动创新和生产力的潜力，同时也强调了包括误传在内的风险……" }, { "date": "18 June 2025", "title": "Council of Ministers regulation on surveillance pertaining to national security threats", "url": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/news.aspx?id=39575466644C424B3376633D", "description": "On 18 June 2025, Austria’s Council of Ministers approved a regulation enabling the monitoring of individuals deemed potential threats to national security. The regulation applies to activities related to national security enforcement and may impact encrypted messaging services used by individuals suspected of terrorism or extremism. It highlights that surveillance will only be permitted under strict conditions, including that it must be based on reasonable suspicion of a terrorist act, author...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "部长会议关于国家安全威胁监视的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 18 日，Austria部长会议批准了一项法规，允许对被视为对国家安全构成潜在威胁的个人进行监控。该法规适用于与国家安全执法相关的活动，并可能影响涉嫌恐怖主义或极端主义的个人使用的加密消息服务。它强调，只有在严格的条件下才允许进行监视，包括必须基于对恐怖行为的合理怀疑，作者......" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "European Commission roadmap for effective and lawful access to data for law enforcement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1599", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the European Commission presented a roadmap for effective and lawful access to data for law enforcement. The Commission highlighted that 85% of criminal investigations rely on electronic evidence and that various offences leave digital traces, necessitating better tools and a modernised legal framework for accessing digital data lawfully while fully respecting fundamental rights. The roadmap focuses on six areas. Regarding data retention, an impact assessment will be carried ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission有效合法获取执法数据的路线图", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 24 日，European Commission提出了执法部门有效合法获取数据的路线图。该委员会强调，85%的刑事调查依赖电子证据，并且各种犯罪都会留下数字痕迹，因此需要更好的工具和现代化的法律框架来合法访问数字数据，同时充分尊重基本权利。该路线图重点关注六个领域。关于数据保留，将进行影响评估......" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity technical implementation guidance on Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2024/2690 (Version 1.0)", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/nis2-technical-implementation-guidance", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) released Version 1.0 of its technical implementation guidance on Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2024/2690 of 17 October 2024 (Version 1.0). This guidance supports compliance with Article 21(2) of Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS2 Directive) by providing indicative and actionable advice, examples of evidence, and mappings to industry standards and national frameworks for the technical and methodological requirements for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Union Agency for Cybersecurity关于委员会实施法规 (EU) 2024/2690（版本 1.0）的技术实施指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 26 日，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 发布了 2024 年 10 月 17 日委员会实施法规 (EU) 2024/2690（1.0 版）的技术实施指南 1.0 版。本指南通过提供指示性和可操作的建议、证据示例以及与行业标准和国家框架的技术和方法要求的映射，支持遵守指令 (EU) 2022/2555（NIS2 指令）第 21(2) 条。" }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board Helsinki Statement on enhanced clarity, support and engagement to simplify General Data Protection Regulation compliance", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/statements/helsinki-statement-enhanced-clarity-support-and-engagement_en", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Helsinki Statement on enhanced clarity, support and engagement. The Statement introduces new initiatives to simplify General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance, foster responsible innovation, and strengthen competitiveness in Europe. The Statement applies to micro, small and medium-sized organisations handling personal data across the European Union, particularly in the digital economy. It sets out measures includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Data Protection Board赫尔辛基关于增强清晰度、支持和参与以简化通用数据保护法规合规性的声明", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 2 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了关于增强清晰度、支持和参与的赫尔辛基声明。该声明提出了新举措，旨在简化《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 合规性、促进负责任的创新并增强在欧洲的竞争力。该声明适用于整个EU处理个人数据的微型、小型和中型组织，特别是在数字经济领域。它列出的措施包括..." }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "European Quantum Strategy", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1682", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the European Commission issued the Quantum Strategy. The Strategy aims to create a resilient and autonomous quantum ecosystem that supports startup growth and translates scientific advancements. The Commission noted that quantum technologies are expected to help address challenges across sectors such as healthcare and infrastructure security, while also enhancing industrial competitiveness and strategic autonomy, and are expected to surpass a global market value of EUR 155 bil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲量子战略", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 2 日，European Commission发布了量子战略。该战略旨在创建一个有弹性和自主的量子生态系统，支持初创企业的发展并转化科学进步。委员会指出，量子技术预计将有助于应对医疗保健和基础设施安全等领域的挑战，同时还能增强产业竞争力和战略自主权，预计全球市场价值将超过 1550 亿欧Meta……" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "European Commission non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use and non-binding standard contractual clauses for cloud computing contracts", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/draft-recommendation-non-binding-model-contractual-terms-data-access-and-use-and-non-binding", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the European Commission adopted a Recommendation on non-binding model contractual terms on data access and use and non-binding standard contractual clauses for cloud computing contracts, as provided for in Article 41 of the Data Act. The Data Act sets out conditions for using product or related service data, as well as setting out rules for customers to switch data processing service providers (cloud computing services). The model contractual terms and standard contractua...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission关于数据访问和使用的非约束性示范合同条款以及云计算合同的非约束性标准合同条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 19 日，European Commission根据《Data Act》第 41 条的规定，通过了关于数据访问和使用的非约束性示范合同条款以及云计算合同的非约束性标准合同条款的建议。 《Data Act》规定了使用产品或相关服务数据的条件，并规定了客户更换数据处理服务提供商（云计算服务）的规则。示范合同条款和标准合同条款..." }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "European Parliament resolution on product safety and regulatory compliance in e-commerce and non-EU imports", "url": "https://oeil.secure.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/en/procedure-file?reference=2025/2037(INI)", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on product safety and regulatory compliance in e-commerce and non-EU imports (2025/2037(INI)). The resolution addresses the rise in non-compliant products entering the European Union via e-commerce channels, primarily originating from non-EU countries, particularly China. It highlights a surge in imports under the EUR 150 exemption threshold, amounting to 4.6 billion items in 2024, and the resultant strain on customs and market surv...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament关于电子商务和非EU进口产品安全和监管合规性的决议", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，European Parliament通过了一项关于电子商务和非EU进口产品安全和监管合规的决议 (2025/2037(INI))。该决议解决了通过电子商务渠道进入EU的不合规产品不断增加的问题，这些产品主要来自非EU国家，特别是China。它强调了 150 欧Meta豁免门槛下的进口激增，到 2024 年将达到 46 亿件，以及由此给海关和市场生存带来的压力。" }, { "date": "16 July 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against European Data Protection Board over refusal to grant complainant access to file concerning Meta Platforms (Lisa Ballmann v European Data/Case T-183/23)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62023TJ0183&qid=1752669022025#t-ECR_62023TJ0183_EN_01-E0001", "description": "On 16 July 2025, the General Court of the European Union (Tenth Chamber, Extended Composition) delivered its judgment in Lisa Ballmann v European Data Protection Board (EDPB)(Case T-183/23), with Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd intervening in support of the EDPB. The Court annulled the EDPB’s decision of 7 February 2023, insofar as it rejected Ms Ballmann’s request for access to the file prepared for the purposes of Binding Decision 3/2022. Her request had been made under Article 41(2)(b) of the C...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对European Data Protection Board拒绝授予投诉人访问有关Meta Platforms的文件的诉讼（Lisa Ballmann v 欧洲数据/案例 T-183/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 16 日，General Court of the European Union（第十庭，扩展组成）就 Lisa Ballmann 诉European Data Protection Board (EDPB)（案件 T-183/23）作出判决，Meta Platforms Ireland Ltd 介入支持 EDPB。法院撤销了 EDPB 2023 年 2 月 7 日的决定，因为它拒绝了 Ballmann 女士查阅为第 3/2022 号约束性决定准备的文件的请求。她的请求是根据《公约》第 41(2)(b) 条提出的。" }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "China-European Union Working Group on cross-border data flows in automotive sector", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/18/c_1754549064237501.htm", "description": "On 17 July 2025, the European Union and China, following a meeting under the Cross-Border Data Flow Exchange Mechanism, announced the establishment of a dedicated Working Group on cross-border data flows in the automotive sector. Participants reviewed progress made since the mechanism's launch, which aims to facilitate the secure and efficient exchange of data between China and the European Union. Discussions focused on strengthening the mechanism to better reflect industry needs and support ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中欧汽车领域跨境数据流动工作组", "description_zh": "2025年7月17日，EU和China在跨境数据流交换机制下举行会议后宣布成立汽车行业跨境数据流专门工作组。与会者回顾了该机制启动以来取得的进展，该机制旨在促进China与EU之间安全、高效的数据交换。讨论重点是加强机制，更好地反映行业需求和支持..." }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "European Supervisory Authorities guide on oversight activities under the Digital Operational Resilience Act", "url": "https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/document/download/f0d9c847-90ed-4cae-9873-136e405c28b3_en?filename=DORA%20Oversight%20Guide.pdf", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the European Supervisory Authorities, comprising of European Banking Authority, European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority, published the guide on oversight activities under the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). The guide outlines how the authorities will oversee critical third-party providers (CTPPs) of internet and communications technology (ICT) sector supporting the European Union's financial entities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲监管机构《Digital Operational Resilience Act案》下的监督活动指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 15 日，由European Banking Authority、European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority以及European Securities and Markets Authority组成的欧洲监管机构发布了《Digital Operational Resilience Act案》(DORA) 下的监管活动指南。该指南概述了当局将如何监督支持EU金融实体的互联网和通信技术（ICT）部门的关键第三方提供商（CTPP）。" }, { "title": "European Union action plan against cyberbullying", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_332", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the European Commission adopted the action plan against cyberbullying to protect the mental health of children and teenagers in the European Union. It consists of three pillars. Pillar one involves national and supranational enforcement of existing legal instruments that create obligations to protect minors, such as the EU Digital Services Act (DSA), Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD), and AI Act. The Commission notes especially the obligation to flag content in ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU打击网络欺凌行动计划", "description_zh": "2026年2月9日，European Commission通过了打击网络欺凌行动计划，以保护EU儿童和青少年的心理健康。它由三个支柱组成。第一支柱涉及国家和超国家执行现有法律文书，这些文书规定了保护未成年人的义务，例如《EUDigital Services Act》(DSA)、《视听媒体服务指令》(AVMSD) 和《AI Act》。委员会特别注意到标记内容的义务......" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Joint statement of the European Union-Japan Summit 2025", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_1890", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Joint Statement of the European Union - Japan Summit 2025, including cybersecurity cooperation, was adopted. The statement focuses on strengthening cooperation on cybersecurity by enhancing situational awareness of cyber threats, coordinating joint diplomatic responses, and advancing cyber capacity building with third countries. It was highlighted that the countries will collaborate on standards, including the Cyber Resilience Act and Japan’s Cyber-Security Technical Asse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年EU-Japan峰会联合声明中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，通过了《2025 年EU-Japan峰会联合声明》，其中包括网络安全合作。声明重点是通过增强网络威胁态势感知、协调联合外交应对、推进与第三国网络能力建设等方式加强网络安全合作。会议强调，两国将在标准方面进行合作，包括《Cyber Resilience Act案》和Japan的网络安全技术评估..." }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board's opinion on European Banking Authority's draft regulatory technical standards on the anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/edpb-contribution-eba-public-consultation-draft-regulatory_en", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) submitted feedback to the European Banking Authority (EBA) on four draft regulatory technical standards (RTS) under the European Union’s new Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) framework. The RTS cover credit institutions, financial institutions, and other obliged entities, including auditors, accountants, lawyers, and estate agents. The EDPB urged explicit references to the General Data Protection Reg...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Data Protection Board对European Banking Authority反洗钱和打击资助恐怖主义监管技术标准草案的意见", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 8 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 向European Banking Authority (EBA) 提交了关于EU新反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义 (AML/CFT) 框架下的四项监管技术标准 (RTS) 草案的反馈。 RTS 涵盖信贷机构、金融机构和其他义务实体，包括审计师、会计师、律师和房地产经纪人。 EDPB 敦促明确提及《General Data Protection Regulation》..." }, { "date": "16 July 2025", "title": "European Central Bank guidelines on outsourcing cloud services to cloud service providers", "url": "https://www.bankingsupervision.europa.eu/ecb/pub/pdf/ssm.supervisory_guides202507.en.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2025, the European Central Bank adopted guidelines on outsourcing cloud services to cloud service providers. The guidelines provide that supervised entities connecting their internal systems to the cloud need to take precautionary measures to ensure that they are protected from cyber risks. Supervised entities are required to implement measures against unauthorised access by third parties. They should ensure security through data encryption and be flexible enough to adjust to cyber...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲央行关于向云服务提供商外包云服务的指导方针", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 16 日，欧洲央行通过了关于向云服务提供商外包云服务的指导方针。该指南规定，将其内部系统连接到云的受监管实体需要采取预防措施，以确保其免受网络风险的影响。受监管实体必须采取措施防止第三方未经授权的访问。他们应该通过数据加密来确保安全，并足够灵活地适应网络……" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Regulation laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council on establishment of the plan for peer review", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14635-Cybersecurity-peer-review-of-National-Cybersecurity-Certification-Authorities_en", "description": "On 29 August 2025, the European Commission closes the public consultation on the draft Commission Implementing Regulation laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council for the establishment of the plan for peer review of national cybersecurity certification authorities (NCCAs). The regulation details the procedures for five-yearly peer reviews of national cybersecurity certification authorities by two national cybersecurity cer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "规定了European Parliament和理事会关于制定同行评审计划的法规 (EU) 2019/881 的应用规则的法规", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 29 日，European Commission结束了关于委员会实施条例草案的公众咨询，该草案规定了European Parliament和理事会第 (EU) 2019/881 号条例的适用规则，以制定国家网络安全认证机构 (NCCA) 同行评审计划。该法规详细说明了两个国家网络安全认证机构对国家网络安全认证机构进行五年一次同行评审的程序..." }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Council of Europe's Steering Committee on Media and Information Society's recommendation on online safety and empowerment of content creators and users", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/-/public-consultation-on-the-draft-committee-of-ministers-recommendation-on-online-safety-and-empowerment-of-content-creators-and-users", "description": "On 8 August 2025, the Council of Europe's Steering Committee on Media and Information Society closes the consultation on the recommendation on online safety and empowerment of content creators and users. The recommendation applies to online platforms and internet intermediaries, particularly platforms of significant influence that affect freedom of expression due to their size, market share, or impact. The recommendation imposes obligations, including requiring platforms to conduct human righ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission媒体和信息社会指导委员会关于在线安全以及内容创作者和用户赋权的建议", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 8 日，European Commission媒体和信息社会指导委员会结束了关于在线安全以及内容创作者和用户赋权建议的磋商。该建议适用于在线平台和互联网中介机构，特别是具有重大影响力、因其规模、市场份额或影响力而影响言论自由的平台。该建议规定了义务，包括要求平台开展人权..." }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "Austrian Data Protection Authority investigation into Der Standard media group over alleged use of \"pay-or-consent\" mechanism", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2025-08/20250818145608738p_Redacted.pdf", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the Federal Administrative Court of Austria upheld the Data Protection Authority's decision finding that Der Standard media group violated General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) consent requirements through their \"pay or okay\" cookie mechanism. The ruling stated that websites must provide granular consent options rather than forcing users to accept all data processing purposes including analytics, advertising, social media) through a single \"AGREE\" button, even when offe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Austria数据保护局对 Der Standard 媒体集团涉嫌使用“付费或同意”机制进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 13 日，Austria联邦行政法院维持了数据保护局的裁决，认定 Der Standard 媒体集团通过其“付费或同意”cookie 机制违反了《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 同意要求。该裁决指出，网站必须提供精细的同意选项，而不是通过一个“同意”按钮强迫用户接受所有数据处理目的，包括分析、广告、社交媒体，即使是在提供的情况下……" }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "European Commission contribution agreement entrusting European Union Agency for Cybersecurity with administration and operation of EU Cybersecurity Reserve", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/enisa-operate-eu-cybersecurity-reserve", "description": "On 26 August 2025, the European Commission signed a contribution agreement with the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), entrusting ENISA with the administration and operation of the EU Cybersecurity Reserve and providing a financial contribution of EUR 36 million from the Digital Europe Programme (DEP) for a period of three years. The EU Cybersecurity Reserve, foreseen in Article 14 of the Cyber Solidarity Act and aligned with the scope of the NIS2 Directive, will consist of inci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission出资协议委托European Union Agency for Cybersecurity管理和运营EU网络安全储备金", "description_zh": "2025年8月26日，European Commission与European Union Agency for Cybersecurity（ENISA）签署出资协议，委托ENISA管理和运营EU网络安全储备金，并从数字欧洲计划（DEP）中提供3600万欧Meta的财政出资，为期三年。 《网络团结法》第 14 条预见的EU网络安全储备金与 NIS2 指令的范围一致，将包括以下内容：" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Code of Practice on Transparent Generative AI Systems under Article 50 AI Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-publishes-second-draft-code-practice-marking-and-labelling-ai-generated-content", "description": "Official source record dated 30 March 2026 for Austria concerning Code of Practice on Transparent Generative AI Systems under Article 50 AI Act. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《AI Act案》第 50 条规定的透明生成artificial intelligence系统实践守则", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 30 日，European Commission结束了关于artificial intelligence生成内容透明度实践准则第二稿的磋商。该行为准则规定了《AI Act》第 50 条规定的artificial intelligence系统生成内容的提供商和部署者的义务。它包括两部分，第一部分涵盖了适用于AI Act第 50(2) 和 (5) 条规定的生成artificial intelligence系统提供商的artificial intelligence生成和操纵内容的标记和检测规则，另一部分涵盖..." }, { "date": "9 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning supervisory fee determination under Digital Services Act (Meta Platforms Ireland v European Commission)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=304179&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3247901", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the General Court annulled the European Commission’s decision setting Meta’s supervisory fee under the Digital Services Act. The Court ruled that the Commission had unlawfully used an implementing act to establish the methodology for calculating average monthly active recipients, which should have been adopted through a delegated act, as it concerned an essential element of the fee system. While upholding Meta’s challenge, the Court maintained the effects of the annulled...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于根据《Digital Services Act》确定监管费的诉讼（爱尔兰Meta Platforms诉European Commission）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 10 日，普通法院废除了European Commission根据《Digital Services Act》规定 Meta 监管费的决定。法院裁定，委员会非法使用一项实施法案来制定计算平均每月活跃接收者的方法，该方法本应通过一项授权法案来采用，因为它涉及收费制度的一个基本要素。在支持 Meta 的挑战的同时，法院维持了被废止的……的效力。" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Guidelines 3/2025 on interplay between Digital Services Act and General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2025/guidelines-32025-interplay-between-dsa-and-gdpr_en", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closes the consultation on the guidelines 3/2025 on the interplay between the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The guidelines provide technical clarification on provisions of the DSA that involve the processing of personal data by intermediary service providers. They address legal bases for voluntary own-initiative investigations under Article 7 DSA and the processing of personal data in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于《Digital Services Act》与《General Data Protection Regulation》之间相互作用的准则 3/2025", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 于 2025 年 10 月 31 日结束了关于《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 和《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 之间相互作用的第 3/2025 号准则的磋商。该指南对 DSA 中涉及中介服务提供商处理个人数据的条款进行了技术澄清。它们阐述了根据 DSA 第 7 条进行自愿主动调查的法律依据以及在……中处理个人数据的法律依据。" }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "Council of Europe guidelines on privacy and data protection in context of large language models-based systems", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/t-pd-2025-3-draft-guidelines-on-privacy-and-data-protection-in-the-con/4880284383", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the Consultative Committee of the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108) of the Council of Europe released the draft guidelines on privacy and data protection in the context of large language models (LLM)-based systems (T-PD(2025)3), setting out a structured framework to identify, assess, mitigate and monitor privacy risks in accordance with Convention 108+ principles. The document provides stakeh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission关于基于大型语言模型的系统中的隐私和数据保护的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 2 日，European Commission《个人数据自动处理保护个人公约》（第 108 号公约）咨询委员会发布了基于大语言模型（LLM）的系统背景下的隐私和数据保护指南草案（T-PD(2025)3），制定了根据第 108 号公约+原则识别、评估、减轻和监控隐私风险的结构化框架。该文件提供了..." }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "European Commission's investigation into acquisition of Evolution by ZeroTwo and WP (Case No. M.12119)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases1/202538/M_12119_10749318_81_3.pdf", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the European Commission approved the joint acquisition of Frontier Global Investments and Evolution DC Capital by ZeroTwo and Warburg Pincus under Article 6(1)(b) of the European Union's (EU) Merger Regulation. The Article sets out when the European Commission may clear a merger, with or without remedies, to address competition concerns. The merger concerns the data centre sector, with ZeroTwo serving as Abu Dhabi Developmental Holding Company's digital infrastructure ar...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission对 ZeroTwo 和 WP 收购 Evolution 的调查（案号：M.12119）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 16 日，European Commission根据EU (EU) 合并条例第 6(1)(b) 条批准 ZeroTwo 和 Warburg Pincus 对 Frontier Global Investments 和 Evolution DC Capital 的联合收购。该条规定了European Commission何时可以批准合并，无论是否有补救措施，以解决竞争问题。此次合并涉及数据中心领域，ZeroTwo 担任阿布扎比发展控股公司的数字基础设施..." }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "European Commission's strategic agenda for bilateral cooperation with India focusing on digital and cybersecurity cooperation", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2116", "description": "On 17 September 2025, the European Commission announced a strategic agenda for bilateral cooperation with India, focusing on digital and cybersecurity cooperation. The strategy focuses on strengthening supply chains, securing critical technologies, and promoting emerging technology. It also supports skills mobility and deeper digital engagement through the Trade and Technology Council.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission与India双边合作战略议程重点关注数字和网络安全合作", "description_zh": "2025年9月17日，European Commission宣布了与India的双边合作战略议程，重点是数字和网络安全合作。该战略的重点是加强供应链、确保关键技术和推广新兴技术。它还通过贸易和技术理事会支持技能流动和更深入的数字参与。" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Framework agreement between the European Union and United States of America on exchange of information for border security screenings and identity verifications", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/opinions/2025-09-17-edps-opinion-242025-recommendation-council-authorising-opening-negotiations-framework-agreement-between-eu-and-usa-exchange-information_en", "description": "On 17 September 2025, the European Data Protection Supervisor adopted Opinion 24/2025 on the European Commission's recommendation to negotiate a framework agreement with the United States for exchanging personal information for security screenings and identity verifications. The proposed agreement would enable sharing of personal data, including biometric data, between EU Member States and US authorities for border control and immigration purposes. The framework is linked to US Visa Waiver Pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU与美利坚合众国关于边境安全检查和身份验证信息交换的框架协议", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 17 日，欧洲数据保护监督机构就European Commission关于与United States就交换个人信息进行安全筛查和身份验证的框架协议的建议通过了第 24/2025 号意见。拟议的协议将允许EU成员国和United States当局出于边境管制和移民目的共享个人数据，包括生物识别数据。该框架与United States免签证政策相关..." }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Lawsuit concerning access rights and limits on damage claims under General Data Protection Regulation (Brillen Rottler GmbH v TC / Case C-526/24)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62024CJ0526", "description": "On 19 March 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a judgment in Case C-526/24 (Brillen Rottler GmbH & Co. KG v TC) on a reference from the Local Court Arnsberg in Germany. The case arose from a request by an individual who, 13 days after subscribing to the newsletter of German optician Brillen Rottler GmbH & Co. KG and providing personal data, submitted a request for access under Article 15 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The company refused the requ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据《General Data Protection Regulation》，有关访问权和损害索赔限制的诉讼（Brillen Rottler GmbH v TC / 案例 C-526/24）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 19 日，Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) 根据Germany阿恩斯贝格地方法院的参考意见，对案件 C-526/24（Brillen Rottler GmbH & Co. KG v TC）作出判决。该案件源于一名个人的请求，该个人在订阅Germany眼镜商 Brillen Rottler GmbH & Co. KG 的新闻通讯并提供个人数据 13 天后，根据《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 第 15 条提交了访问请求。该公司拒绝了要求..." }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in European Union-Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA)", "url": "https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/indonesia/eu-indonesia-agreements/key-elements-eu-indonesia-trade-agreement-and-investment-protection-agreement_en", "description": "On 23 September 2025, the European Union (EU) and Indonesia concluded negotiations on the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). It establishes the use of interoperable and transparent standards in cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU-India尼西亚全面经济伙伴关系协定 (CEPA) 中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025年9月23日，EU（EU）与印尼结束全面经济伙伴关系协定（CEPA）谈判。它建立了网络安全中可互操作和透明标准的使用。" }, { "date": "12 April 2025", "title": "European Commission and European Data Protection Board joint guidelines on interplay between Digital Markets Act and General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu/consultation-joint-guidelines-interplay-between-dma-and-gdpr_en", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the European Data Protection Board and the European Commission closes a consultation on joint guidelines detailing the interaction between the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These guidelines aim to ensure the compatible interpretation and application of both frameworks. The guidelines focus on specific DMA provisions with overlaps with GDPR rules that require clarification. For data processing under Article 5(2) of the DMA, gat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission和European Data Protection Board关于《Digital Markets Act》和《General Data Protection Regulation》之间相互作用的联合指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 4 日，European Data Protection Board和European Commission结束了关于详细说明《Digital Markets Act》(DMA) 和《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 之间互动的联合准则的磋商。这些指南旨在确保两个框架的解释和应用兼容。该指南重点关注与 GDPR 规则重叠的具体 DMA 条款，需要澄清。对于 DMA 第 5(2) 条规定的数据处理，..." }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "European Board for Digital Services' Working Group coordinated an action to ensure smaller platforms compliance with Digital Services Act obligations related to protection of minors", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-takes-further-action-promote-safe-environment-minors", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Working Group on the Protection of Minors within the European Board for Digital Services announced coordinated steps to support smaller online platforms in meeting their obligations under the Digital Service Act (DSA). In collaboration with the relevant national authorities, the Group will identify platforms that present the highest risks to children and assess their compliance with the DSA’s standards for child safety. Additionally, the Working Group will develop and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲数字服务委员会工作组协调了一项行动，以确保小型平台遵守与保护未成年人相关的《Digital Services Act》义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 10 日，欧洲数字服务委员会内的未成年人保护工作组宣布采取协调措施，支持小型在线平台履行《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 规定的义务。该集团将与相关国家当局合作，确定对儿童构成最高风险的平台，并评估其是否符合 DSA 儿童安全标准。此外，工作组将制定并......" }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Council decision on signing of United Nations Convention Against Cybercrime", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2025/10/13/fighting-cybercrime-eu-to-sign-un-convention-on-cybercrime/", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Council of the European Union authorised the signing, on behalf of the European Union, of the United Nations Convention against Cybercrime. The Convention will be open for signatures from 25 October 2025 to 31 December 2026. It aims to strengthen international cooperation in addressing specific crimes committed through information and communications technology systems and to facilitate the exchange of electronic evidence relating to serious crimes. It applies to crimin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会关于签署《联合国打击网络犯罪公约》的决定", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 13 日，Council of the European Union授权代表EU签署《联合国打击网络犯罪公约》。该公约将于2025年10月25日至2026年12月31日开放供签署。其目的是加强国际合作，应对通过信息和通信技术系统实施的具体犯罪，并促进与严重犯罪有关的电子证据的交换。它适用于犯罪..." }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "European Commission's fifth annual report on screening of foreign direct investments into Union (COM(2025) 632 final)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2025)632&lang=en", "description": "On 14 October 2025, the European Commission released the fifth annual report on foreign direct investment (FDI) screening in the European Union (EU). The report applies to foreign investments that may raise security or public order concerns, with particular focus on critical technologies. The report found that in 2024, the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector accounted for 22% of all notified transactions (467 deals). Semiconductors represented 21% of critical technology cas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission关于审查EU外国直接投资的第五份年度报告（COM(2025) 632 最终版）", "description_zh": "2025年10月14日，European Commission发布了第五份EU（EU）外商直接投资（FDI）审查年度报告。该报告适用于可能引起安全或公共秩序问题的外国投资，特别关注关键技术。报告发现，到 2024 年，信息和通信技术 (ICT) 行业占所有已通报交易（467 笔交易）的 22%。半导体占关键技术案例的 21%..." }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "European Data Protection Board Coordinated Enforcement Action for 2026 on transparency and information obligations under General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2026/cef-2026-edpb-launches-coordinated-enforcement-action-transparency-and-information_en", "description": "On 19 March 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) launched its Coordinated Enforcement Framework (CEF) action for 2026, focusing on compliance with transparency and information obligations under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The topic was selected at the EDPB's October 2025 plenary. The action applies to data controllers across sectors in Europe and will involve 25 data protection authorities (DPAs) conducting enforcement actions and fact-finding exercises to assess...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Data Protection Board 2026 年关于《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 规定的透明度和信息义务的协调执法行动", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 19 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 启动了 2026 年协调执行框架 (CEF) 行动，重点关注遵守General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 下的透明度和信息义务。该主题是在 EDPB 2025 年 10 月全体会议上选定的。该行动适用于欧洲各部门的数据控制者，并将涉及 25 个数据保护机构 (DPA) 开展执法行动和事实调查活动，以评估……" }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "European Data Protection Board inquiry into token-based offline modality for digital euro", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2025-10/digitaleurotokenbasedofflinemodality_en.pdf", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the European Data Protection Board published an expert opinion on the Digital Euro’s token-based offline model. The report examines how an offline Digital Euro could offer cash-like anonymity, security, and usability. It highlights challenges including preventing double-spending, balancing privacy and traceability, and using secure hardware or cryptographic tools such as blind signatures. The opinion calls for interdisciplinary collaboration, transparency, and public scrut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Data Protection Board对数字欧Meta基于代币的离线模式进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，European Data Protection Board发布了关于数字欧Meta基于代币的离线模型的专家意见。该报告研究了离线数字欧Meta如何提供类似现金的匿名性、安全性和可用性。它强调了一些挑战，包括防止双重支出、平衡隐私和可追溯性以及使用安全硬件或加密工具（例如盲签名）。该意见呼吁跨学科合作、透明度和公众监督……" }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Public procurement access requirements in Cloud Sovereignty Framework", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/document/09579818-64a6-4dd5-9577-446ab6219113_en", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the European Commission implemented public procurement access requirements in the Cloud Sovereignty Framework. The Framework provides criteria for public authorities to evaluate sovereignty assurance and effectiveness of cloud infrastructure providers seeking government contracts. It establishes eight Sovereignty Objectives (SOV-1 to SOV-8) covering strategic, legal, data, operational, supply chain, technological, security, and environmental control. Providers are assessed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "云主权框架中的公共采购访问要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，European Commission在云主权框架中实施了公共采购准入要求。该框架为公共当局提供了评估寻求政府合同的云基础设施提供商的主权保证和有效性的标准。它建立了八个主权目标（SOV-1 至 SOV-8），涵盖战略、法律、数据、运营、供应链、技术、安全和环境控制。供应商被评估..." }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "Portuguese Competition Authority lawsuit concerning seizure of emails in competition investigations (Joined Cases C-258/23 to C-260/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=7222A62DA6CCF72614C02BD62E4CD976?text=&docid=305431&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=5720801", "description": "On 23 October 2025, Advocate General Medina delivered a supplementary Opinion in Joined Cases C‑258/23 to C‑260/23 to the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The opinion addressed the interpretation of Articles 7 (respect for private and family life) and 8 (protection of personal data) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, specifically whether national competition authorities require prior judicial authorisation to seize business emails and recor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Portugal竞争管理局就竞争调查中扣押电子邮件提起诉讼（联合案件 C-258/23 至 C-260/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 23 日，梅迪纳总检察长向Court of Justice of the European Union大法庭提交了关于合并案件 C-258/23 至 C-260/23 的补充意见。该意见涉及对《EU基本权利宪章》第7条（尊重私人和家庭生活）和第8条（保护个人数据）的解释，特别是国家竞争主管机构是否需要事先司法授权才能扣押商业电子邮件和记录..." }, { "date": "12 March 2025", "title": "Templates for organisations to facilitate compliance under General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2025/help-make-gdpr-compliance-easy-organisations_en", "description": "On 3 December 2025, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closes the consultation seeking inputs on ready-to-use General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance templates. The consultation follows the Helsinki Statement on enhanced clarity, support, and engagement. The consultation applies to organisations in the European Union that process personal data. The consultation seeks views on which templates would be most useful, including privacy notices or records of processing activitie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "供组织促进遵守《General Data Protection Regulation》的模板", "description_zh": "European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 于 2025 年 12 月 3 日结束征求有关即用型General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 合规模板意见的咨询。这次磋商是在关于加强清晰度、支持和参与的赫尔辛基声明之后进行的。该咨询适用于EU境内处理个人数据的组织。该咨询寻求关于哪些模板最有用的意见，包括隐私声明或处理活动记录......" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "European Commission inquiry into Digital Services Act application and interaction with other legal acts", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/report-application-article-33-regulation-eu-20222065-dsa-and-interaction-regulation-other-legal", "description": "On 17 November 2025, the European Commission concluded its inquiry into the application of Article 33 of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and its interaction with other legal acts, submitting a report to the European Parliament, the Council, and the European Economic and Social Committee. The inquiry's first aspect evaluated the practical application of Article 33 DSA, which includes the procedure for designating very large online platforms (VLOPs) and very large online search engines (VLOSEs) ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission对Digital Services Act的适用以及与其他法律行为的互动进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 17 日，European Commission结束了对《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 第 33 条的适用及其与其他法律行为的相互作用的调查，并向European Parliament、理事会和欧洲经济和社会委员会提交了报告。调查的第一个方面评估了第33条DSA的实际应用，其中包括指定超大型在线平台（VLOP）和超大型在线搜索引擎（VLOSE）的程序......" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation for \"high-risk\" AI systems in Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation (2025/0359)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/digital-omnibus-ai-regulation-proposal", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the European Commission announced a Proposal for the Digital Omnibus on AI Regulation (2025/0359), which amends the EU AI Act to include a legal basis for processing special categories of personal data for bias detection and mitigation in a proposed Article 4a. The Proposal would permit providers of high-risk AI systems to process special categories of personal data to the extent necessary to ensure bias detection and correction, subject to safeguards and additional condi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《artificial intelligence监管数字综合》中“高风险”artificial intelligence系统的数据保护监管（2025/0359）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 19 日，European Commission宣布了《artificial intelligence监管数字综合提案》(2025/0359)，该提案修订了《EUAI Act案》，在拟议的第 4a 条中纳入了处理特殊类别个人数据以进行偏见检测和缓解的法律依据。该提案将允许高风险artificial intelligence系统的提供商在必要的范围内处理特殊类别的个人数据，以确保偏见检测和纠正，但须遵守保障措施和附加条件。" }, { "title": "Prohibition on data localisation requirements for non-personal data in Digital Omnibus Regulation (EU 2025/0360)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2026-02/edpb_edps_jointopinion_202602_digitalomnibus_en.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted a joint opinion on the proposal for a Regulation as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework (Digital Omnibus). In relation to data localisation requirements, the Joint Opinion addresses the integration of the Data Governance Act (DGA) and the Open Data Directive (ODD) into the Data Act, while the Proposal also repeals the Free Flow of Non-Personal D...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字综合法规 (EU 2025/0360) 中禁止非个人数据的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 10 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 和欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 通过了关于简化数字立法框架（数字综合总线）的法规提案的联合意见。关于数据本地化要求，联合意见解决了将《数据治理法案》（DGA）和《开放数据指令》（ODD）纳入《Data Act案》的问题，同时该提案还废除了非个人数据的自由流动……" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Designation of critical information and communications technology third-party providers under Digital Operational Resilience Act", "url": "https://www.eba.europa.eu/publications-and-media/press-releases/european-supervisory-authorities-designate-critical-ict-third-party-providers-under-digital", "description": "On 18 November 2025, the European Supervisory Authorities, comprising the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority, and the European Securities and Markets Authority, designated nineteen critical Information and Communications Technology third-party providers under the Digital Operational Resilience Act. The designated providers include ICT firms that supply infrastructure, data, and business services to financial entities across the European Unio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据《Digital Operational Resilience Act案》指定关键信息和通信技术第三方提供商", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 18 日，包括European Banking Authority、European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority以及European Securities and Markets Authority在内的欧洲监管机构根据《Digital Operational Resilience Act案》指定了 19 家关键信息和通信技术第三方提供商。指定的提供商包括向EU各地的金融实体提供基础设施、数据和商业服务的信息通信技术公司……" }, { "title": "Government access to data in Digital Omnibus Regulation (EU 2025/0360)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2026-02/edpb_edps_jointopinion_202602_digitalomnibus_en.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) adopted a joint opinion on the proposal for a Regulation as regards the simplification of the digital legislative framework (Digital Omnibus). Regarding government access to data, the Joint Opinion reviews the obligations of data holders to provide information to public sector bodies in cases of public emergency. It recommends that personal data should only be shared in pseudonymi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府对数字综合总线法规 (EU 2025/0360) 中数据的访问", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 10 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 和欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 通过了关于简化数字立法框架（数字综合总线）的法规提案的联合意见。关于政府获取数据，联合意见审查了数据持有者在公共紧急情况下向公共部门机构提供信息的义务。它建议仅以假名共享个人数据..." }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to direct marketing through electronic newsletters and application of ePrivacy Directive (Inteligo Media SA v ANSPDCP/C-654/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=306136&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union clarified the applicability of the ePrivacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to electronic newsletters. The Court held that when a user creates a free account to access limited content and receive a daily newsletter with the option to upgrade to paid services, the user’s email address is collected “in the context of the sale of a service” under Article 13(2) of the ePrivacy Directive. This allows firms ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与通过电子新闻通讯直接营销和应用电子隐私指令相关的诉讼（Inteligo Media SA v ANSPDCP/C-654/23）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 13 日，Court of Justice of the European Union澄清了《电子隐私指令》和《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 对电子新闻通讯的适用性。法院认为，当用户创建免费帐户以访问有限内容并接收每日新闻通讯并可选择升级到付费服务时，根据《电子隐私指令》第 13(2) 条，“在销售服务的情况下”将收集用户的电子邮件地址。这使得企业..." }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "European Board for Digital Services cooperation with European Commission pursuant to Article 35(2) of the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/press-statement-european-board-digital-services-following-its-16th-meeting", "description": "On 18 November 2025, the European Board for Digital Services, in cooperation with the European Commission, released the first report pursuant to Article 35(2) of the Digital Services Act (DSA), identifying the most prominent and recurrent systemic risks in the Union and the Member States and outlining mitigation practices. The report explains that the DSA risk management framework in Articles 34 and 35 applies to providers of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Search En...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲数字服务委员会根据《Digital Services Act》第 35(2) 条与European Commission合作", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 18 日，欧洲数字服务委员会与European Commission合作，根据《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 第 35(2) 条发布了第一份报告，确定了EU和成员国最突出和经常出现的系统性风险，并概述了缓解措施。该报告解释说，第 34 条和第 35 条中的 DSA 风险管理框架适用于超大型在线平台 (VLOP) 和超大型在线搜索引擎的提供商..." }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "European Parliament's resolution on impact of artificial intelligence on financial sector (No. 2025/2056(INI))", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2025-0286_EN.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the financial sector. The resolution outlines the Parliament's position on AI adoption in financial services, acknowledging opportunities for innovation, fraud detection, and regulatory compliance whilst noting risks including data quality issues, discriminatory outcomes, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. It notes the existing sectoral legislation to govern current AI deployment...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament关于artificial intelligence对金融部门影响的决议（第2025/2056（INI）号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 25 日，European Parliament通过了一项关于artificial intelligence (AI) 对金融业影响的决议。该决议概述了议会在金融服务中采用artificial intelligence的立场，承认创新、欺诈检测和监管合规的机会，同时指出了数据质量问题、歧视性结果和网络安全漏洞等风险。它指出了管理当前artificial intelligence部署的现有部门立法......" }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "European Commission investigation into Shein over alleged sale of illegal products and age-inappropriate content", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_25_2816", "description": "On 26 November 2025, the European Commission sent a request for information to Shein under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The request follows preliminary indications that illegal goods, including child-like sex dolls and weapons, are being offered on the platform, and reports of illegal product sales in France. The Commission suspects Shein's system may pose a systemic risk for consumers across the European Union, particularly concerning the exposure of minors to age-inappropriate content an...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission对 Shein 涉嫌销售非法产品和不适合年龄的内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 26 日，European Commission根据《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 向 Shein 发出信息请求。该请求是在初步迹象表明该平台上出售非法商品（包括儿童性玩偶和武器）以及France销售非法产品的报道之后提出的。委员会怀疑 Shein 的系统可能会给整个EU的消费者带来系统性风险，特别是在未成年人接触不适合年龄的内容和..." }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Case on application of Directive 2000/31/EC to hosting of gambling advertising (Case C-421/24/Communications Regulatory Authority v Google Ireland Limited)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=306596&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=12877115", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the Advocate General delivered an opinion in the case addressing whether Google can be held liable under Italian law for hosting gambling-related advertising content on YouTube (Case C-421/24). The Advocate General concluded that hosting such content falls within the scope of the e-Commerce Directive, noting that the exclusion for gambling activities under Article 1(5)(d) applies only to the provision of gambling services themselves, not to platforms that store this conte...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "将第 2000/31/EC 号指令应用于托管赌博广告的案例（案例 C-421/24/Communications Regulatory Authority v Google Ireland Limited）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 27 日，总检察长就该案发表了意见，讨论根据Italy法律，Google 是否需要因在 YouTube 上托管赌博相关广告内容而承担责任（案例 C-421/24）。总检察长得出的结论是，托管此类内容属于电子商务指令的范围，并指出第 1(5)(d) 条中对赌博活动的排除仅适用于提供赌博服务本身，不适用于存储该内容的平台。" }, { "date": "30 November 2025", "title": "EU-Singapore second Digital Partnership Council meeting", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2851", "description": "On 30 November 2025, the European Union and Singapore announced areas for future collaboration following the second Digital Partnership Council meeting. The areas discussed for future collaboration span technological collaboration and cybersecurity. These included artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and quantum. They also included online safety, trust services, data flows, and general cybersecurity with a focus on market resilience.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU-Singapore第二次数字合作委员会会议", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 30 日，EU和Singapore在第二次数字合作委员会会议后宣布了未来合作领域。未来合作讨论的领域涵盖技术合作和网络安全。其中包括artificial intelligence、半导体和量子。它们还包括在线安全、信任服务、数据流和一般网络安全，重点关注市场弹性。" }, { "title": "Recommendations on legal basis for requiring accounts on e-commerce websites (2/2025)", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2025/recommendations-22025-legal-basis-requiring_en", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) closes the consultation on the recommendations concerning the legal basis for requiring the creation of user accounts on e-commerce websites (2/2025). The recommendations address the common practice of e-commerce websites mandating user account creation to access offers or complete purchases. While controllers cite commercial interests such as facilitating sales or managing orders, the EDPB notes that such requirements can expose ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于要求电子商务网站账户的法律依据的建议 (2/2025)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 12 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 结束了关于要求在电子商务网站上创建用户帐户的法律依据的建议的磋商 (2/2025)。这些建议解决了电子商务网站强制用户创建帐户才能访问优惠或完成购买的常见做法。虽然控制者引用了促进销售或管理订单等商业利益，但 EDPB 指出，此类要求可能会暴露......" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "European Commission investigation into Meta's blocking of AI business communications on WhatsApp for possible competition law breach (Case AT.41034)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_805", "description": "On 15 April 2026, the European Commission sent a supplementary statement of objections to Meta regarding informing the company of its intention to order the reinstatement of third-party AI assistants' access to WhatsApp under conditions existing prior to 15 October 2025. The supplementary statement is part of an ongoing interim measures procedure within an investigation into whether Meta breached European Union antitrust rules by restricting the access of third-party general-purpose AI assist...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission对 Meta 阻止 WhatsApp 上的artificial intelligence业务通信可能违反竞争法的行为进行调查（案例 AT.41034）", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 15 日，European Commission向 Meta 发送了一份补充反对声明，通知该公司打算在 2025 年 10 月 15 日之前下令恢复第三方artificial intelligence助手对 WhatsApp 的访问权限。该补充声明是一项正在进行的临时措施程序的一部分，该程序旨在调查 Meta 是否因限制第三方通用artificial intelligence助手的访问而违反了EU反垄断规则……" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Council Decision authorising signing of digital trade agreement EU-Korea Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L_202502465", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Council of the European Union adopted Decision 2025/2465 authorising the signing of the EU–Republic of Korea Digital Trade Agreement. Negotiations concluded in March 2025, and the European Data Protection Supervisor issued its opinion in November 2025. The Agreement includes provisions on cross-border data flows, privacy and personal data protection, trusted data flows, open government data, and regulatory cooperation. It complements the 2010 EU–Korea Free Trade Agree...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理事会授权签署数字贸易协定的决定中的跨境数据传输监管 EU-Korea数字贸易协定", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 24 日，Council of the European Union通过了第 2025/2465 号决定，授权签署EU-Korea数字贸易协定。谈判于2025年3月结束，欧洲数据保护监管机构于2025年11月发表意见。该协议包括跨境数据流、隐私和个人数据保护、可信数据流、开放政府数据以及监管合作等条款。它补充了 2010 年EU-Korea自由贸易协定..." }, { "date": "24 October 2025", "title": "European Commission investigation into TikTok's compliance with Digital Services Act's obligation to grant researchers adequate access to public data", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2503", "description": "On 24 October 2025, the European Commission preliminarily found TikTok in breach of its obligation under the Digital Services Act (DSA) to grant researchers adequate access to public data. The Commission noted that TikTok may have implemented burdensome procedures that result in partial or unreliable data, limiting researchers’ ability to study exposure to illegal or harmful content, including among minors. TikTok now has the opportunity to review the Commission’s investigation files and resp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission调查 TikTok 是否遵守《Digital Services Act》授予研究人员充分访问公共数据的义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 24 日，European Commission初步认定 TikTok 违反了《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 规定的授予研究人员充分访问公共数据的义务。委员会指出，TikTok 可能实施了繁琐的程序，导致数据不完整或不可靠，限制了研究人员研究非法或有害内容（包括未成年人）接触情况的能力。 TikTok 现在有机会审查委员会的调查文件并..." }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "European Commission investigation into Google over alleged anticompetitive conduct in its use of online content for AI purposes (Case AT.40983)", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_2964", "description": "On 8 December 2025, the European Commission initiated a formal investigation into Google to assess whether the company has breached European Union competition rules by using content from web publishers and YouTube for artificial intelligence (AI) purposes. The Commission is examining whether Google is distorting competition by imposing unfair terms on publishers and content creators or by granting itself privileged access to content, disadvantaging rival AI model developers. Specific concerns...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission调查Google涉嫌将在线内容用于artificial intelligence目的的反竞争行为（案例 AT.40983）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 8 日，European Commission对Google发起正式调查，以评估该公司是否因将网络出版商和 YouTube 的内容用于artificial intelligence (AI) 目的而违反了EU竞争规则。该委员会正在调查Google是否通过向出版商和内容创作者施加不公平条款，或授予自己访问内容的特权，从而使竞争对手的artificial intelligence模型开发商处于不利地位，从而扭曲竞争。具体关心的问题..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "European Competitiveness in Digital Decade", "url": "https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-16430-2025-INIT/en/pdf", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Transport, Telecommunications and Energy Council adopted the Council Conclusions on European Competitiveness in the Digital Decade. The conclusions recall a broad set of Union instruments and reports covering digital policy, competitiveness, skills, artificial intelligence, and industrial strategy. They provide a common reference for ongoing work on competitiveness and digital transformation. The conclusions set out actions to support European competitiveness using the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字十年中的欧洲竞争力", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 5 日，运输、电信和能源理事会通过了《数字十年欧洲竞争力理事会结论》。结论回顾了一系列广泛的EU文书和报告，涵盖数字政策、竞争力、技能、artificial intelligence和产业战略。它们为正在进行的竞争力和数字化转型工作提供了共同参考。结论列出了利用……支持欧洲竞争力的行动。" }, { "title": "Implementing regulation on establishment and operation of the European Health Data Space Board", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14992-European-Health-Data-Space-Board-operations_en", "description": "On 6 January 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on a draft implementing regulation for the establishment and operation of the European Health Data Space Board (EHDS Board). The draft regulation outlines the necessary rules for the EHDS Board's establishment, management, and functioning. The Board's responsibilities include issuing written contributions and non-binding guidelines to support the European Health Data Space Regulation (EU) 2025/327, facilitating thematic exchan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲健康数据空间委员会的建立和运营实施条例", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 6 日，European Commission结束了关于建立和运营欧洲健康数据空间委员会（EHDS 委员会）的实施条例草案的磋商。该法规草案概述了 EHDS 委员会的设立、管理和运作的必要规则。委员会的职责包括发布书面意见和非约束性指南，以支持欧洲健康数据空间法规 (EU) 2025/327、促进专题交流..." }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Regulation extending Interim Regulation's derogation from ePrivacy Directive until 2028 (2025/0429)", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20260325IPR39207/child-sexual-abuse-online-voluntary-detection-measures-will-not-be-extended", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the European Parliament rejected the proposal to extend Regulation (EU) 2021/1232 on derogation from the ePrivacy Directive until 2028. This regulation sets out interim rules on data processing for the purpose of combating online child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The regulation would have temporarily derogated from the ePrivacy Directive, enabling providers of online communication services to voluntarily detect, report, and remove CSAM. The Commission proposed extending th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "将临时法规对电子隐私指令的克减期限延长至 2028 年的法规 (2025/0429)", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 26 日，European Parliament拒绝了将关于电子隐私指令克减的 (EU) 2021/1232 条例延长至 2028 年的提议。该条例规定了旨在打击在线儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的数据处理临时规则。该法规将暂时减损《电子隐私指令》，使在线通信服务提供商能够自愿检测、报告和删除 CSAM。委员会建议延长..." }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Court of Justice of the European Union preliminary reference proceedings involving Viva Credit AD over alleged failure to provide full copies of personal data carriers", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/showPdf.jsf?text=&docid=307339&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=871856", "description": "On 22 October 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union received a request for a preliminary ruling from the Administrativen sad Varna concerning the interpretation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in a dispute between a data subject and Viva Credit AD. The applicant requested full copies of terminated loan agreements to verify the lawfulness of personal data processing involving himself, but the controller provided only extracts containing specific data. The referring ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Court of Justice of the European Union针对 Viva Credit AD 涉嫌未能提供个人数据载体完整副本的初步参考程序", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 22 日，Court of Justice of the European Union收到瓦尔纳行政当局就数据主体与 Viva Credit AD 之间争议中的《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 的解释提出的初步裁决请求。申请人要求终止贷款协议的完整副本，以验证涉及其本人的个人数据处理的合法性，但控制者仅提供包含特定数据的摘录。所指..." }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Delegated Regulation amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/522 as regards the list of designated trading venues that have a significant cross-border dimension in the supervision of market abuse and the indicators of market manipulation", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14761-Market-abuse-setting-the-scope-of-an-order-data-exchange-mechanism-and-clarifying-market-manipulation-indicators_en", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the European Commission closes the public consultation on the draft Commission Delegated Regulation amending Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/522 as regards the list of designated trading venues that have a significant cross-border dimension in the supervision of market abuse and the indicators of market manipulation, which had been open since 17 December 2025. The draft delegated regulation amends Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/522 adopted under Regula...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "授权法规修订授权法规（EU）2016/522，涉及在市场滥用和市场操纵指标的监管方面具有重大跨境影响的指定交易场所清单", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，European Commission结束了对委员会授权法规 (EU) 2016/522 的委员会授权法规草案的公众咨询，该法规涉及在市场滥用和市场操纵指标的监管方面具有重大跨境影响的指定交易场所清单，该清单自 2025 年 12 月 17 日起开放。该授权法规草案对委员会授权法规 (EU) 2016/522 进行了修订根据条例通过..." }, { "title": "Council Regulation as regards the access of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) to value added tax information (2025/0348 (CNS))", "url": "https://www.edps.europa.eu/system/files/2026-01/2026_01_Press%20Release_Targeted_VAT_Data_Access_EN.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) issued an Opinion on the European Commission’s proposed Council Regulation as regards the access of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) to value added tax information. The Council Regulation would grant the European Public Prosecutor’s Office and the European Anti-Fraud Office targeted European Union–level access to VAT data to combat cross-border VAT fraud. The EDPS Opinion ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于欧洲检察官办公室 (EPPO) 和欧洲反欺诈办公室 (OLAF) 获取增值税信息的理事会条例 (2025/0348 (CNS))", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 7 日，欧洲数据保护监管机构 (EDPS) 就European Commission拟议的关于欧洲检察官办公室 (EPPO) 和欧洲反欺诈办公室 (OLAF) 获取增值税信息的理事会法规发表了意见。理事会条例将授权欧洲检察官办公室和欧洲反欺诈办公室在EU层面访问增值税数据，以打击跨境增值税欺诈。 EDPS 意见..." }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "European Commission and Italian authority administrative arrangements implementing European Commission's Recommendation on coordinating responses to incidents in particular arising from the dissemination of illegal content", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_23_5442", "description": "On 30 October 2023, the European Commission announced that it had signed an administrative arrangement with the Italian Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM). The arrangement follows the Recommendation by the European Commission to the EU member states to coordinate the response regarding the spread and amplification of illegal content. The administrative arrangement aims to develop expertise and capabilities to properly identify and assess risks as defined in the EU Digital Service...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission和Italy当局执行European Commission关于协调应对事件特别是因传播非法内容而引起的事件的建议的行政安排", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 30 日，European Commission宣布与Italy通信担保局 (AGCOM) 签署了一项行政安排。该安排是根据European Commission向EU成员国提出的建议，协调对非法内容传播和放大的应对措施。该行政安排旨在发展专业知识和能力，以正确识别和评估EU数字服务中定义的风险......" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Directive amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-directive-regards-simplification-measures-and-alignment-cybersecurity-act", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the European Commission submitted a proposal for a Directive amending Directive (EU) 2022/2555 as regards simplification measures and alignment with the Proposal for the Cybersecurity Act 2, including cybersecurity regulation. The proposed Directive would make a number of changes to Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (the NIS 2 Directive) by clarifying its scope and definitions. Specifically, the proposed amendment would remove the provision bringing domain name system service provi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指令修订指令 (EU) 2022/2555 中的网络安全法规涉及简化措施以及与网络安全法案 2 提案的一致性", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 20 日，European Commission提交了一项指令修订提案 (EU) 2022/2555，内容涉及简化措施以及与《网络安全法案 2》提案的一致性，包括网络安全监管。拟议指令将对指令 (EU) 2022/2555（NIS 2 指令）进行一些修改，明确其范围和定义。具体来说，拟议的修正案将删除提供域名系统服务的规定..." }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Proposal for a Regulation on the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security (The Cybersecurity Act 2)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-eu-cybersecurity-act", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the European Commission introduced the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the European cybersecurity certification framework, and ICT supply chain security and repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 (The Cybersecurity Act 2). The proposed Act would make a number of basic changes to the cybersecurity framework. Notably, it would establish a trusted ICT supply chain security framework to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU网络安全机构 (ENISA)、欧洲网络安全认证框架和 ICT 供应链安全法规提案中的数据保护机构治理（网络安全法案 2）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 20 日，European Commission提出了European Parliament和理事会关于EU网络安全机构 (ENISA)、欧洲网络安全认证框架和 ICT 供应链安全的法规提案，并废除了法规 (EU) 2019/881（《网络安全法 2》）。拟议的法案将对网络安全框架做出一些基本改变。值得注意的是，它将建立一个值得信赖的 ICT 供应链安全框架，以......" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Cooperation procedure for authorisation of contractual clauses under Article 46 GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/procedure/edpb-document-setting-forth-cooperation-procedure_en", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted the Document setting forth a Cooperation Procedure for the Authorisation of Contractual Clauses under Article 46(3)(a) GDPR and for the Adoption of Standard Contractual Clauses under Article 46(2)(d) GDPR. The Document establishes an informal cooperation framework among supervisory authorities to determine cooperation between supervisory authorities regarding contractual clauses prior to triggering the consistency mechanism...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPR 第 46 条下的合同条款授权合作程序", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 15 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 通过了文件，规定了 GDPR 第 46(3)(a) 条下授权合同条款的合作程序以及 GDPR 第 46(2)(d) 条下采用标准合同条款的合作程序。该文件建立了监管机构之间的非正式合作框架，以确定监管机构之间在触发一致性机制之前就合同条款进行的合作......" }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights' assessment of impact of EU Regulation on the dissemination of terrorist content online on fundamental rights", "url": "https://fra.europa.eu/en/news/2026/fra-publishes-report-online-terrorist-content", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) published a report on the impact of the EU Regulation on the dissemination of terrorist content online on fundamental rights. The regulation allows competent authorities to issue removal orders to social media platforms and hosting service providers (HSPs) within one hour and to require specific measures from HSPs “exposed” to terrorist content. The report highlights that the current definition of terrorist content, no...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU基本权利机构对EU关于在线传播恐怖主义内容的法规对基本权利影响的评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 22 日，EU基本权利机构 (FRA) 发布了一份关于EU关于在线传播恐怖主义内容的法规对基本权利影响的报告。该规定允许主管部门在一小时内向社交媒体平台和托管服务提供商（HSP）发出删除令，并要求“暴露”恐怖内容的 HSP 采取具体措施。报告强调，目前对恐怖分子内容的定义，没有..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "European Commission investigation into X's compliance with obligations under Digital Services Act to carry out risk assessments and mitigate identified risks before deploying Grok's functionalities on the platform", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_203", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the European Commission opened a formal investigation into X to determine whether the company violated the Digital Services Act (DSA) during the deployment of its Grok artificial intelligence tool. The investigation focuses on whether X failed to conduct mandatory ad hoc risk assessments and mitigate systemic risks such as the dissemination of illegal content and manipulated sexually explicit images. The Commission alleges that these deployments may have serious negative c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission调查 X 是否遵守《Digital Services Act》规定的义务，即在平台上部署 Grok 的功能之前进行风险评估并减轻已识别的风险", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，European Commission对 X 展开正式调查，以确定该公司在部署其 Grok artificial intelligence工具期间是否违反了Digital Services Act (DSA)。调查重点是X是否未能进行强制性临时风险评估并减轻系统性风险，例如传播非法内容和操纵色情图片。委员会声称这些部署可能会产生严重的负面影响..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Fighting online fraud action plan", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16313-Fighting-online-fraud-action-plan_en", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on the development of an action plan on fighting online fraud. The initiative aims to address the growing prevalence of online fraud across the EU, following the increased use of behavioural manipulation, automation and artificial intelligence in fraud schemes, including industrialised models such as “crime-as-a-service.” The proposed action plan would cover fraud committed through digital technologies, including online and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "打击网络欺诈行动计划", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，European Commission结束了关于制定打击网络欺诈行动计划的磋商。该倡议旨在解决整个EU日益普遍的网络欺诈问题，因为欺诈计划中越来越多地使用行为操纵、自动化和artificial intelligence，包括“犯罪即服务”等工业化模式。拟议的行动计划将涵盖通过数字技术实施的欺诈，包括在线和......" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Guidelines on calculation of reasonable compensation as set out in Article 9 of Data Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/data-act-commission-seeks-feedback-draft-guidelines-reasonable-compensation", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on the draft guidelines for the calculation of reasonable compensation under Article 9 of the Data Act. The draft guidelines clarify how data holders should calculate compensation when sharing data under legal obligations imposed by the Data Act, applying fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory principles to mandatory business-to-business data sharing across all sectors. Compensation remains optional, as data holders may ch...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《Data Act》第 9 条规定的合理赔偿计算指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 20 日，European Commission结束了关于《Data Act》第 9 条下合理补偿计算指南草案的磋商。指南草案明确了数据持有者在根据《Data Act》规定的法律义务共享数据时应如何计算补偿，将公平、合理和非歧视的原则应用于所有部门的强制企业对企业数据共享。补偿仍然是可选的，因为数据持有者可以改变..." }, { "title": "European Commission Implementing Regulation as regards applicable standards and specifications", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16114-European-Digital-Identity-Wallet-electronic-attestations-of-attributes-update-_en", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on the draft implementing regulation as regards applicable standards and specifications. The draft Commission implementing regulation would amend Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1569 to align the technical standards and specifications for electronic attestations of attributes with the updated architecture and reference framework for the European Digital Identity Wallet. It updates the applicable standards to reflect establishe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "European Commission关于适用标准和规范的实施条例", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 5 日，European Commission结束了有关适用标准和规范的实施条例草案的磋商。委员会实施条例草案将修订实施条例 (EU) 2025/1569，以使属性电子证明的技术标准和规范与欧洲数字身份钱包更新的架构和参考框架保持一致。它更新了适用的标准以反映既定的..." }, { "title": "Lawsuit addressing definition of operator under Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:62025CC0067#Footnote3", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued a preliminary opinion clarifying the interpretation of the concept of operator under Article 2f(1) of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine. The primary aim of 833/2014 is to prevent the transmission of disinformation by “operators” from specific entities, such as Sputnik and Russia Today, across ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对理事会法规 (EU) No 833/2014 中运营商定义的诉讼", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 12 日，Court of Justice of the European Union（CJEU）总检察长发布初步意见，澄清了对理事会第 833/2014 号法规（EU）第 2f(1) 条中关于针对Russia破坏Ukraine局势稳定的行为采取限制性措施的运营商概念的解释。 833/2014 的主要目标是防止来自特定实体（例如人造卫星和今日Russia）的“操作者”在各地传播虚假信息。" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Risk assessment concerning connected and automated vehicles and their supply chains", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/toolbox-improve-ict-supply-chain-security", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Cooperation Group, in cooperation with the European Commission and the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), adopted a coordinated security risk assessment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and their supply chains. The assessment, issued in line with Article 22 of the NIS2 Directive, provides an overview of cybersecurity risks and mitigating measures to address them. The assessment identifies 107 unique risks a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关互联和自动化车辆及其供应链的风险评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，网络与信息系统 (NIS) 合作小组与European Commission和European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 合作，对联网和自动驾驶车辆 (CAV) 及其供应链进行了协调一致的安全风险评估。该评估根据 NIS2 指令第 22 条发布，概述了网络安全风险以及解决这些风险的缓解措施。该评估确定了 107 种独特风险..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Risk assessment of detection equipment at border crossing points", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/toolbox-improve-ict-supply-chain-security", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Cooperation Group, in collaboration with the European Commission and the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), published a coordinated security risk assessment of detection equipment used by law enforcement and security operators at border crossing points. This assessment, carried out under Article 22 of the NIS2 Directive, provides an overview of cybersecurity risks and necessary mitigating measures for equipment used ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "过境点检测设备的风险评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，网络和信息系统 (NIS) 合作小组与European Commission和European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) 合作，发布了针对边境口岸执法和安全操作人员使用的检测设备的协调安全风险评估。该评估根据 NIS2 指令第 22 条进行，概述了网络安全风险以及所用设备的必要缓解措施......" }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "European Union Online Crisis Response Framework", "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/d8cee954-5df6-4566-a520-6d59cfef347e_en?filename=ProtectEU%20-%20Agenda%20to%20prevent%20and%20counter%20terrorism.pdf", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the European Commission announced that the existing voluntary EU Crisis Protocol will be revised into an EU Online Crisis Response Framework and integrated under the Digital Services Act (DSA), in the Communication “ProtectEU: Agenda to prevent and counter terrorism” (COM(2026) 101). The EU Crisis Protocol currently provides a voluntary framework for cooperation between law enforcement authorities and online service providers following a terrorist attack with significant ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU在线危机应对框架", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 26 日，European Commission宣布，现有自愿性《EU危机议定书》将修订为EU在线危机应对框架，并纳入《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 下的《保护EU：预防和反恐议程》通讯 (COM(2026) 101)。EU危机议定书目前为执法当局和在线服务提供商在发生重大恐怖袭击后的合作提供了一个自愿框架。" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Guidance on application of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act)", "url": "http://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/16959-Draft-Commission-guidance-on-the-Cyber-Resilience-Act_en", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the European Commission closes the consultation on draft guidance concerning the application of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act). The draft guidance clarifies how the Regulation should be interpreted and implemented in practice. It aims to support manufacturers, developers, and other stakeholders in understanding their obligations and to promote a consistent approach across the European Union.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "(EU) 2024/2847 号法规（Cyber Resilience Act案）应用指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 31 日，European Commission结束了有关 (EU) 2024/2847 号法规（Cyber Resilience Act案）应用的指南草案的磋商。该指南草案明确了该条例在实践中应如何解释和实施。它旨在支持制造商、开发商和其他利益相关者了解自己的义务，并促进整个EU采取一致的方法。" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Data protection regulation in European Union-India Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://circabc.europa.eu/ui/group/09242a36-a438-40fd-a7af-fe32e36cbd0e/library/0953371b-9bbf-4b24-a629-03f976fd7f10/details?open=true", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the European Union (EU) and India concluded negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The Agreement includes a digital trade chapter to facilitate trade enabled by electronic means. The chapter applies to measures affecting digital trade but excludes audio-visual services, government procurement, and most government-held data. It reaffirms that both parties retain the right to regulate to pursue legitimate policy objectives. The chapter includes provisions on privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EU-India自由贸易协定中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 27 日，EU (EU) 和India结束自由贸易协定 (FTA) 谈判。该协议包括数字贸易章节，以促进通过电子方式实现的贸易。本章适用于影响数字贸易的措施，但不包括视听服务、政府采购和大多数政府持有的数据。它重申双方保留监管权利以追求合法的政策目标。本章包括有关隐私的规定..." }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Data Brokers Market Study", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/support-pool-experts-projects/data-brokers-market-study_en", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) released the Data Brokers Market Study, commissioned by the Belgian Supervisory Authority (BE SA) through the EDPB Support Pool of Experts Programme. The study identified data brokers and data providers with a presumed main establishment in Belgium, as defined under Article 4(16)(a) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It established a working definition of a data broker and a set of selection criteria based on Article 4(...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据经纪人市场研究", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 4 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了数据经纪人市场研究，该研究由Belgium监管机构 (BE SA) 通过 EDPB 支持专家库计划委托进行。根据《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 第 4(16)(a) 条的定义，该研究确定了数据经纪人和数据提供商的主要机构位于Belgium。它根据第 4 条（..." }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Validity of GDPR consent in electronic direct marketing (Case C-317/25)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C_202601325", "description": "On 16 May 2025, the French Council of State lodged a request for a preliminary ruling with the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in Case C-317/25. The referral originates from proceedings in which Groupe Canal + SAS sought annulment of Decision No SAN-2023-015 of 12 October 2023, by which the select panel of the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) imposed an administrative fine of EUR 600'000 for breaches of the General Data Protection Regulat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电子直销中 GDPR 同意的有效性（案例 C-317/25）", "description_zh": "2025年5月16日，France国务委员会就C-317/25号案件向Court of Justice of the European Union（CJEU）提出初步裁决请求。该移交源于 Groupe Canal + SAS 寻求废除 2023 年 10 月 12 日第 SAN-2023-015 号决定的程序，根据该决定，国家信息技术和公民自由委员会 (CNIL) 的特别小组因违反《General Data Protection Regulation》而处以 60 万欧Meta的行政罚款。" }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Assessment of compliance with reporting requirements under Code of Conduct on Disinformation integrated into Digital Services Act", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/code-conduct-disinformation-signatories-publish-their-latest-reports-codes-transparency-0", "description": "On 24 March 2026, the European Commission announced that signatories to the Code of Conduct on Disinformation had published their first reports in the Code’s Transparency Centre, covering the period from 1 July to 31 December 2025. The signatories include providers of Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) and Very Large Online Search Engines (VLOSEs), as well as fact-checkers, research and civil society organisations, and representatives from the advertising industry. The reports contain dedica...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "评估是否遵守《Digital Services Act中的虚假信息行为准则》中的报告要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 24 日，European Commission宣布，《虚假信息行为准则》签署方已在准则透明度中心发布了第一份报告，涵盖时间为 2025 年 7 月 1 日至 12 月 31 日。签署方包括超大型在线平台 (VLOP) 和超大型在线搜索引擎 (VLOSE) 提供商，以及事实核查机构、研究和民间社会组织以及广告行业代表。该报告包含专门..." }, { "date": "3 January 2026", "title": "Market Analysis Framework (ECSMAF) V3.0", "url": "https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/enisa-cybersecurity-market-analysis-framework-ecsmaf-v3-0", "description": "In March 2026, the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity ( ENISA) released Version 3.0 of the Cybersecurity Market Analysis Framework. This version updates earlier editions published in 2022 and 2023. Issued under Article 8(7) of the Cybersecurity Act Regulation (EU) 2019/881, the framework reflects experience from previous market analyses, including work on cloud cybersecurity, cryptographic products and services, and managed security services. It introduces standardised templates, modular...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场分析框架（ECSMAF）V3.0", "description_zh": "2026年3月，European Union Agency for Cybersecurity（ENISA）发布了网络安全市场分析框架3.0版。该版本更新了 2022 年和 2023 年发布的早期版本。该框架根据《网络安全法条例》(EU) 2019/881 第 8(7) 条发布，反映了之前市场分析的经验，包括云网络安全、加密产品和服务以及托管安全服务方面的工作。它引入了标准化模板、模块化..." }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Lawsuit over supervisory fee applicable to Stripchat under Digital Services Act (Technius v Commission / Case T-70/26)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C_202601774#ntr1-C_202601774EN.000101-E0001", "description": "On 3 February 2026, Technius LTD filed an action before the General Court of the European Union against European Commission Implementing Decision C(2025) 8119 final of 26 November 2025 (Case T-70/26), which determined the annual supervisory fee applicable to Stripchat under the Digital Services Act (DSA). Technius raises 3 pleas in law, which concern the validity of the underlying designation decision, the principle of sound administration, and the duty to state reasons. Technius argues that ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据《Digital Services Act》，针对 Stripchat 适用的监管费提起诉讼（Technius v Commission / 案件 T-70/26）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，Technius LTD 向General Court of the European Union提起诉讼，反对European Commission于 2025 年 11 月 26 日实施的 C(2025) 8119 号最终决定（案件 T-70/26），该决定确定了《Digital Services Act》(DSA) 下适用于 Stripchat 的年度监管费。 Technius在法律上提出了3项抗辩，涉及基本指定决定的有效性、健全管理原则以及说明理由的义务。泰克纽斯认为……" }, { "title": "European Union-Morocco digital dialogue", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_26_781", "description": "On 8 April 2026, the European Union and Morocco announced the launch of a digital dialogue on strategic cooperation. It covers several areas, including the rollout of secure and trusted digital networks and artificial intelligence (AI) compute infrastructure, the exchange of practices related to AI ecosystems, collaboration between Moroccan AI research institutes and EU AI Factories, e-governance and digital public infrastructure partnerships, and support for start-ups. It also addresses inte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU-Morocco数字对话", "description_zh": "2026年4月8日，EU和Morocco宣布启动战略合作数字对话。它涵盖多个领域，包括安全可信的数字网络和artificial intelligence（AI）计算基础设施的推出、与artificial intelligence生态系统相关的实践交流、Moroccoartificial intelligence研究机构和EUartificial intelligence工厂之间的合作、电子政务和数字公共基础设施伙伴关系以及对初创企业的支持。它还解决了..." }, { "title": "Report highlighting European Data Protection Board's regulatory activities, enforcement actions, and guidance outputs", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2026-04/edpb-annual-report-2025_en.pdf", "description": "On 9 April 2026, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) published its annual report 2025. The report covers the EDPB's activities during the year, including the adoption of guidelines on pseudonymisation, blockchain technologies, and the interplay between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other digital legislation, including the Digital Services Act and Digital Markets Act. It also highlights opinions on adequacy decisions for the United Kingdom, Brazil, and the European Pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "报告重点介绍了European Data Protection Board的监管活动、执法行动和指导成果", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 9 日，European Data Protection Board (EDPB) 发布了 2025 年年度报告。该报告涵盖了 EDPB 在这一年中的活动，包括采用假名化、区块链技术指南，以及《General Data Protection Regulation》(GDPR) 与其他数字立法（包括《Digital Services Act》和《Digital Markets Act》）之间的相互作用。它还强调了对United Kingdom、Brazil和EU充分性决策的意见……" }, { "title": "European Commission's assessment of Jeuxvideo's compliance with code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/126824", "description": "On 10 April 2026, the European Commission published Jeuxvideo's hate speech moderation report under the code of conduct on countering illegal hate speech online. The report focuses on user-generated content on Jeuxvideo's public forums, which attract around 7 million unique visitors per month, predominantly from France. Jeuxvideo's moderation framework relies entirely on a team of eight French-speaking human moderators, who reviewed 100% of reports within 24 hours and achieved a median proces...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission对 Jeuxvideo 遵守打击网上非法仇恨言论行为准则的评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 10 日，European Commission根据《打击在线非法仇恨言论行为准则》发布了 Jeuxvideo 的仇恨言论审核报告。该报告重点关注 Jeuxvideo 公共论坛上用户生成的内容，该论坛每月吸引约 700 万独立访问者，其中主要来自France。 Jeuxvideo 的审核框架完全依赖于由 8 名讲法语的人工审核员组成的团队，他们在 24 小时内审核了 100% 的报告，并实现了中位数流程..." }, { "title": "Nationaler strategischer Fahrplan für die Digitale Dekade Österreich (National strategic roadmap for the Digital Decade)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/national-strategic-roadmaps", "description": "AI law in Austria: The National strategic roadmap for the Digital Decade (Austria) sets out Austria's national plan to implement the EU Digital Decade targets to 2030, defining 16 target paths and 66 key measures across skills, infrastructure, public services and governance. The roadmap is published by the Federal Chancellery (Bundeskanzleramt) and coordinated nationally through Digital Austria, with regular updates and reporting to the European Commission. (bundeskanzleramt.gv.at)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nationaler strategischer Fahrplan für die Digitale Dekade Österreich（数字十年国家战略路线图）", "description_zh": "Austria的AI Act：数字十年国家战略路线图（Austria）制定了Austria到 2030 年实现EU数字十年目标的国家计划，定义了涵盖技能、基础设施、公共服务和治理的 16 条目标路径和 66 项关键措施。该路线图由联邦总理府 (Bundeskanzleramt) 发布，并通过 Digital Austria 在全国范围内进行协调，并定期更新并向European Commission报告。 (bundeskanzleramt.gv.at)..." }, { "title": "Digital Skills Initiative (Digitale Kompetenzoffensive) — national digital competence offensive (includes AI literacy measures)", "url": "https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/en/about/national-coalitions/austria-digital-skills-initiative", "description": "AI law in Austria: The Digital Skills Initiative (Digitale Kompetenzoffensive, DKO) is an Austrian cross‑governmental policy launched in February 2023 to raise digital literacy across society, education and the workforce. It establishes a national reference framework (DigComp 2.3 AT), a Digital Skills Office, and large-scale workshop and certification programmes (e.g., "Digital Überall") including measures addressing AI literacy and responsible AI basics for citizens and public administration....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字技能倡议（Digital Kompetenzoffective）——国家数字能力攻势（包括artificial intelligence素养措施）", "description_zh": "Austria的AI Act：数字技能倡议（Digital Kompetenzoffective，DKO）是Austria于 2023 年 2 月推出的一项跨政府政策，旨在提高整个社会、教育和劳动力的数字素养。它建立了一个国家参考框架（DigComp 2.3 AT）、数字技能办公室以及大型研讨会和认证计划（例如“Digital Überall”），包括解决artificial intelligence素养以及公民和公共管理部门负责任的artificial intelligence基础知识的措施......" }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (AIM AT 2030)", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/", "description": "AI law in Austria: Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030 (AIM AT 2030) is Austria’s national AI strategy published in 2021 that sets a human-centred, trustworthiness-driven framework to harness AI’s social and economic benefits through 2030. The strategy defines objectives, 64+ measures and an annex of priority application fields, and is complemented by an Implementation Plan (2024) to operationalise actions across ministries....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Austria 2030 年artificial intelligence使命 (AIM AT 2030)", "description_zh": "Austria的AI Act：Austriaartificial intelligence使命 2030 (AIM AT 2030) 是Austria于 2021 年发布的国家artificial intelligence战略，制定了一个以人为本、以可信为驱动的框架，以在 2030 年之前利用artificial intelligence的社会和经济效益。该战略定义了目标、64 多项措施和优先应用领域的附件，并辅以实施计划 (2024)，以实施各部委的行动。" }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "12 Os 124/25i", "url": "/documents/981/12_Os_124_25i_Austria_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the OG. Fabricated: Case Law | Numerous cited decisions contained incorrect Prüfzeichen (wrong docket numbers) and were relied on by the complaint.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "12 个操作系统 124/25i", "description_zh": "律师出现在 OG 面前。捏造：判例法|许多引用的决定包含不正确的 Prüfzeichen（错误的案卷编号），并且是投诉所依据的。", "court": "OG", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "14 Os 95/25i", "url": "/documents/960/JJT_20251007_OGH0002_0140OS00095_25I0000_000.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Oberster Gerichtshof. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Incorrectly cited or attributed 'Verfahrensergebnisse' (procedural results) that do not appear at the referenced locations in the file.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "14 操作系统 95/25i", "description_zh": "律师在上级法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |错误引用或归因的“Verfahrensergebnisse”（程序结果）未出现在文件中引用的位置。", "court": "Oberster Gerichtshof", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Austria DPA publishes guidance note on AI and data protection", "url": "https://www.dsb.gv.at/download-links/bekanntmachungen.html#KI_privater_Bereich", "description": "Primary source (dsb.gv.at) dated 29 May 2024 in AT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Austria DPA 发布artificial intelligence和数据保护指导说明", "description_zh": "Austria数据保护局发布了指南，明确指出： (1) 即使在EUAI Act案生效后，如果处理个人数据，GDPR 仍然适用； （二）如果artificial intelligence系统在主权部门用于主权管理目的，且涉及个人数据处理的，只有在有法律依据的情况下才允许； (3) 如果 GDPR 第 22 条适用（即有关自动个人决策的规则，包括分析），则本条款的要求具有决定性； (4) 根据 GDPR 第 5(2) 条，控制者承担证明处理合法性的责任。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "12 Os 124/25i", "url": "/documents/981/12_Os_124_25i_Austria_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Numerous cited decisions contained incorrect Prüfzeichen (wrong docket numbers) and were relied on by the complaint. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation 13 Os 15/17f was cited for the concept of 'Kuriertätern', but the court found the cited decision did not contain that asserted content. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation 13 Os 99/15f was cited regarding 'Alias Namen' of telephone calls, but the court found the decision did not support that assertion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation 13 Os 81/07x was cited for a so-called 'Verschleifungsverbot', which the court determined the decision did not establish as claimed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation 14 Os 11/09p was cited for an 'umfassendes Geständnis' and the 'präventive Wirkung der Ersthaftierung', but the court found those content-attributions inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "12 个操作系统 124/25i", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|许多引用的决定包含不正确的 Prüfzeichen（错误的案卷编号），并且是投诉所依据的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引文 13 Os 15/17f 因“Kuriertätern”概念而被引用，但法院发现所引用的判决不包含所主张的内容。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用 13 Os 99/15f 涉及电话的“别名”，但法院认为该判决不支持该主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引文 13 Os 81/07x 因所谓的“Verschleifungsverbot”而被引用，法院认为该决定并未如所声称的那样成立。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引文 14 Os 11/09p 被引用为“umfassendes Geständnis”和“präventive Wirkung der Ersthaftierung”，但法院认为这些内容归属不准确。", "court": "OG", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "14 Os 95/25i", "url": "/documents/960/JJT_20251007_OGH0002_0140OS00095_25I0000_000.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Incorrectly cited or attributed 'Verfahrensergebnisse' (procedural results) that do not appear at the referenced locations in the file. || False Quotes: Case Law | Multiple faulty quotations/attributions from alleged higher-court decisions (false quotes or misattributions) present in the AI-generated submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Numerous Fehlzitate of Oberster Gerichtshof decisions, many of which were non-existent or not on the cited topic; court declined to address these AI-generated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "14 操作系统 95/25i", "description_zh": "失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |错误引用或归因的“Verfahrensergebnisse”（程序结果）未出现在文件中引用的位置。 ||虚假引述：判例法|artificial intelligence生成的提交材料中存在多个来自所谓高等法院判决的错误引用/归因（虚假引用或错误归因）。 ||捏造：判例法| Oberster Gerichtshof 的许多 Fehlzitate 判决，其中许多判决不存在或不涉及所引用的主题；法院拒绝处理这些artificial intelligence生成的引文。", "court": "Oberster Gerichtshof", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 August 2025", "title": "Template for the public summary of training content for general-purpose Artificial Intelligence models entered into force with grace period", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/explanatory-notice-and-template-public-summary-training-content-general-purpose-ai-models", "description": "On 2 August 2025, the Template for the public summary of training content for general-purpose Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, entered into force with grace period for new models. The Template is in accordance with Article 53(1)(d) of the EU AI Act, which requires providers of general-purpose AI models to publish comprehensive summaries of their training data. The Template applies to both commercial and open-source AI model providers. It mandates disclosure through a standardised three-secti", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用artificial intelligence模型培训内容公开摘要模板在宽限期内生效", "description_zh": "2025年8月2日，通用artificial intelligence（AI）模型培训内容公开摘要模板正式生效，并为新模型提供宽限期。该模板符合EUAI Act案第 53(1)(d) 条的规定，该法案要求通用artificial intelligence模型的提供商发布其训练数据的全面摘要。该模板适用于商业和开源artificial intelligence模型提供商。它要求通过标准化的三部分进行披露" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "European Parliament's Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs released study on training, creation and regulation of generative Artificial Intelligence and copyright", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/IUST_STU(2025)774095", "description": "Official source record dated 9 July 2025 for Austria concerning European Parliament's Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs released study on training, creation and regulation of generative Artificial Intelligence and copyright. See the linked europarl.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Parliament司法、公民自由和机构事务政策部发布了关于生成artificial intelligence和版权的培训、创建和监管的研究", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，European Parliament法律事务委员会 (JURI) 发布了一份关于生成artificial intelligence (AI) 和EU版权法的研究报告。它适用于使用受版权保护的内容的通用artificial intelligence模型的开发人员。研究发现，当前的版权规则不适合artificial intelligence的训练和输出。它呼吁统一作者身份规则、法定报酬计划和加强监督。主要建议包括基于许可的培训模型、机器可读的选择退出、" }, { "date": "4 June 2025", "title": "European Commission and High Representative issued International Digital Strategy for the EU including measures concerning emerging technologies such as AI, quantum technologies, and semiconductors", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_1370", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the European Commission and High Representative issued the International Digital Strategy for the EU, including measures concerning emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technologies, and semiconductors. The strategy integrates digital policy into the EU’s external action, positioning digital transformation as a core geopolitical and economic concern. It sets out a vision for strengthening secure digital infrastructure and advancing technological coo", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "European Commission和高级代表发布EU国际数字战略，包括涉及artificial intelligence、量子技术和半导体等新兴技术的措施", "description_zh": "2025年6月4日，European Commission和高级代表发布了EU国际数字战略，包括有关artificial intelligence（AI）、量子技术和半导体等新兴技术的措施。该战略将数字政策纳入EU的对外行动，将数字化转型定位为核心地缘政治和经济问题。它提出了加强安全数字基础设施和推进技术合作的愿景" }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "Court of Justice of the European Union source on automated credit assessment", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2025-02/cp250022en.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 27 February 2025 for Austria concerning Court of Justice of the European Union issued ruling in lawsuit on automated decision-making including profiling regarding assessment of the creditworthiness of a natural person. See the linked curia.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Court of Justice of the European Union就自动决策诉讼做出裁决，其中包括有关自然人信用评估的分析", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 27 日，Court of Justice of the European Union在案例 C-203/22 中裁定，接受自动信用评估的个人必须得到解释，以便他们理解并质疑该决定。该案件涉及移动运营商拒绝根据自动信用检查授予合同。法院澄清，控制者必须描述决策中应用的原则，包括个人数据如何影响结果，而不仅仅是决策" }, { "title": "12 Os 124/25i", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/981/12_Os_124_25i_Austria_3_November_2025.pdf", "date": "3 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "14 Os 95/25i", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/960/JJT_20251007_OGH0002_0140OS00095_25I0000_000.pdf", "date": "7 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 645, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "040" }, { "id": "OECD", "title": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)", "entries": [ { "title": "AI for Thai – Thai AI Service Platform - OECD.AI", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/ai-for-thai-thai-ai-service-platform", "description": "The AI Governance Center (AIGC) ... AI Strategy and action Plan (2022 - 2027), AIGC tackles AI risks, promotes ethical use, and aligns Thailand with global AI governance standards to ensure safe and sustainable AI development.Policymakers, businesses, and researchers benefit ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "White paper on the National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap - OECD.AI", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/dashboards/policy-initiatives/national-artificial-intelligence-roadmap", "description": "Implementation relies on ... arrangements emphasise ethical principles such as fairness, transparency, accountability, data protection, security, inclusiveness, and human oversight across the AI lifecycle....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "The OECD’s new responsible AI guidance: A compass for businesses in a complex terrain", "url": "", "description": "OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible AI helps businesses manage AI risks, meet global standards and build trustworthy AI value chains.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-05", "title": "AI in finance: Balancing innovation and stability", "url": "", "description": "Integrating AI into the financial system promises unprecedented efficiency gains and more.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-02", "title": "The AI Action Summit and beyond: 3 Steps to strengthen global AI collaboration", "url": "", "description": "The AI summit model has the potential to remain relevant in the long term.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "A collective effort for accountability in AI governance: The Sixth Edition of the Athens Roundtable on AI and the Rule of Law", "url": "", "description": "We invite our global community to join an interactive livestream of the full day of roundtable discussions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-14", "title": "Navigating the environmental impact of AI", "url": "", "description": "Daily use of AI models in production is very energy-consuming. Each user request triggers a complex operation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-27", "title": "Governing with artificial intelligence: Are governments ready?", "url": "", "description": "This report outlines AI’s benefits, risks and policy issues for governments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Deadline extended to 1 October: Public consultation on risk thresholds for advanced AI systems", "url": "", "description": "The OECD and partners are launching a public consultation on AI risk thresholds.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-29", "title": "In tune with ethics: Responsible artificial intelligence and the music industry", "url": "", "description": "Can we maintain the integrity of copyright laws and ensure fair compensation for human creators?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "Will artificial intelligence cause an economic growth explosion?", "url": "", "description": "As populations decline, AI could boost economic growth through innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-12", "title": "Human, or human-like? Transparency for AI-generated content", "url": "", "description": "Transparency about AI-generated content is a vital objective for the heath of society.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-08", "title": "Artificial intelligence in health: big opportunities, big risks", "url": "", "description": "The future of AI in health be like that of autonomous vehicles: the benefits are always five years away.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-27", "title": "Brazil’s path to responsible AI", "url": "", "description": "When Brazil discusses AI and work, diversity has a seat at the table.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-13", "title": "DeepMind: Exploring institutions for global AI governance", "url": "", "description": "DeepMind explores governance models to manage frontier AI development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-07", "title": "Basic safety requirements for AI risk management", "url": "", "description": "We thus need to employ unprecedented safety measures to develop frontier AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-31", "title": "Regulatory sandboxes can facilitate experimentation in artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "Regulatory sandboxes are a dynamic, evidence-based approach to regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-03", "title": "Time to beat the diversity gap in artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "Tech can take women anywhere, no matter their interests or background.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-26", "title": "Artificial General Intelligence: can we avoid the ultimate existential threat?", "url": "", "description": "Things are happening in the field of AI safety to avoid existential risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-21", "title": "Responsible AI licenses: a practical tool for implementing the OECD Principles for Trustworthy AI", "url": "", "description": "RAIL licenses can help spread responsible AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-10-30", "title": "A responsible AI strategy for climate action", "url": "", "description": "Recommendations for government action ahead of COP26 from the Centre for AI and Climate Change, Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence, and Climate Change AI", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-10-25", "title": "Artificial intelligence and the future of science", "url": "", "description": "A look at AI’s current limitations in science and policy implications for current and future developments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-26", "title": "Survey: classifying AI systems used in response to the COVID-19 pandemic", "url": "", "description": "Please take this survey if you developed an AI system used in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-06", "title": "GPAI’s Responsible AI Working Group work in 2021", "url": "", "description": "Responsible AI strategy for the environment and for social media governance are this working group’s priorities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-31", "title": "Public consultation on the OECD Framework for Classifying AI Systems", "url": "", "description": "To participate in the consultation, you can: – Take a survey about a pre-selected AI system or one of your choice – Leave comments on the draft framework Help OECD.AI shape its Framework for Classifying AI Systems After a year of work on the Framework, OECD.AI is conducting a public consultation unt", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-04", "title": "Ensuring trustworthy algorithmic decision-making", "url": "", "description": "Fair and unbiased decisions are good for the individuals involved, but also for business and society.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-25", "title": "An introduction to the Global Partnership on AI’s work on the future of work", "url": "", "description": "How AI can be used in the workplace to empower workers and increase productivity?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-15", "title": "Artificial intelligence in health still needs human intelligence", "url": "", "description": "COVID-19 has shown that AI can deliver benefits, but it has also exposed its limits, often related to having the right data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-08-09", "title": "An introduction to the Global Partnership on AI’s Pandemic Response", "url": "", "description": "The Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) mission is to “support the development and use of AI based on human rights, inclusion, diversity, innovation, and economic growth, while seeking to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals”. Launched in June 2020, it is a voluntary, multistakeholde", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-07", "title": "Not all intelligence is artificial", "url": "", "description": "Keep yours real.Sign up to receive email alerts and newsletters.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-06", "title": "Brazil should have a national artificial intelligence observatory. This is what it should look like", "url": "", "description": "Brazil urgently needs an AI observatory, to connect researchers and disseminate knowledge.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2019-05-22", "title": "OECD Principles on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/ai-principles", "description": "OECD AI Principles adopted by 46 countries, promoting inclusive growth, sustainable development, and human-centred values", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Rethinking AI data: From scraping to sustainable and ethical data sharing", "url": "", "description": "AI training data is scarce despite abundance. VIADUCT explores ethical data sharing, scraping limits, copyright, GDPR, trust and fairness for sustainable AI ecosystems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重新思考artificial intelligence数据：从抓取到可持续和道德的数据共享", "description_zh": "尽管artificial intelligence训练数据丰富，但仍然稀缺。 VIADUCT 探索可持续artificial intelligence生态系统的道德数据共享、抓取限制、版权、GDPR、信任和公平。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "title": "To be truly participative, stakeholder involvement should follow an AI system’s entire lifecycle", "url": "", "description": "Participatory AI often stops at consultation. Why governance infrastructure, community authority and lifecycle oversight are essential for trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为了真正参与，利益相关者的参与应该遵循artificial intelligence系统的整个生命周期", "description_zh": "参与式artificial intelligence常常止步于协商。为什么治理基础设施、社区权威和生命周期监督对于值得信赖的artificial intelligence至关重要。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Can we create a clear understanding of what agentic AI is and does?", "url": "", "description": "AI agents and agentic AI based on large language models are becoming more autonomous and capable of interacting with both physical and virtual environments. As the capabilities of these AI systems grow, they are gaining visibility, and with reason. It is reaching a point where they could become the", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们能否清楚地了解代理artificial intelligence是什么以及它的作用？", "description_zh": "基于大型语言模型的artificial intelligence代理和代理artificial intelligence正变得更加自主，并且能够与物理和虚拟环境进行交互。随着这些artificial intelligence系统的能力不断增强，它们的知名度也越来越高，而且这是理所当然的。他们已经达到了可以成为", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Deadline extension 20 March: Global call for ‘Governing with Artificial Intelligence’: Share your initiatives and insights on AI-driven innovation in government", "url": "", "description": "OECD launches a Global Call for Governing with AI, inviting governments to share AI use cases, policy initiatives, and implementation tools to support trustworthy AI in public administration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "截止日期延长至 3 月 20 日：全球呼吁“artificial intelligence治理”：分享您对artificial intelligence驱动的政府创新的举措和见解", "description_zh": "经合组织发起全球artificial intelligence治理呼吁，邀请各国政府分享artificial intelligence用例、政策举措和实施工具，以支持公共管理中值得信赖的artificial intelligence。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Why insurance companies should encourage solid AI risk management instead of excluding it", "url": "", "description": "AI is deployed in nearly every industry, and many associated risks are now sharply in focus. As these risks become more consequential, businesses look at insurance coverage. Yet, recent news shows that some major insurance providers, such as AIG, Great American, and WR Berkley, have recently sought", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为什么保险公司应该鼓励而不是排除扎实的artificial intelligence风险管理", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence几乎部署在每个行业，许多相关风险现在成为人们关注的焦点。随着这些风险变得更加严重，企业开始关注保险范围。然而，最近的消息显示，一些主要的保险公司，例如 AIG、Great American 和 WR Berkley，最近都在寻求", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Can mid-sized economies come together to build frontier AI?", "url": "", "description": "Mid-sized economies can preserve AI sovereignty through multinational cooperation, pooling talent and compute to reduce dependency on dominant AI powers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中型经济体能否联合起来构建前沿artificial intelligence？", "description_zh": "中型经济体可以通过跨国合作、汇集人才和计算来维护artificial intelligence主权，以减少对artificial intelligence主导力量的依赖。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Public AI: Policies for democratic and sustainable AI infrastructures", "url": "", "description": "Public AI policies can support sustainable AI infrastructures through public compute, data commons and open-source model ecosystems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共artificial intelligence：民主和可持续artificial intelligence基础设施的政策", "description_zh": "公共artificial intelligence政策可以通过公共计算、数据共享和开源模型生态系统支持可持续的artificial intelligence基础设施。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "Why quantum technologies need AI to succeed", "url": "", "description": "Artificial intelligence accelerates quantum technologies in many ways, including through better error correction and scalable computing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为什么量子技术需要artificial intelligence才能成功", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence以多种方式加速量子技术，包括通过更好的纠错和可扩展计算。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Facing the stakes of AI together: The Seventh Edition of the Athens Roundtable on AI and the Rule of Law", "url": "", "description": "Policymakers, industry and civil society converge to address unacceptable risks, frontier AI governance and international AI cooperation", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "共同面对artificial intelligence的利害关系：第七届雅典artificial intelligence与法治圆桌会议", "description_zh": "政策制定者、行业和民间社会齐心协力解决不可接受的风险、前沿artificial intelligence治理和国际artificial intelligence合作", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "A Socio-technical approach to AI literacy: A quick guide", "url": "", "description": "AI literacy goes beyond coding to include social context: this guide shows how to align technical skills, ethical awareness and human oversight for real-world AI readiness.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence素养的社会技术方法：快速指南", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence素养超越了编码，还包括社会背景：本指南展示了如何协调技术技能、道德意识和人类监督，以实现现实世界的artificial intelligence准备。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "The geography of AI compute: Mapping what is available and where", "url": "", "description": "Policymakers and industry leaders need to measure and map AI compute infrastructure to benchmark national readiness.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence计算的地理：绘制可用资源和可用位置的地图", "description_zh": "政策制定者和行业领导者需要衡量和映射artificial intelligence计算基础设施，以衡量国家准备情况。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "Rebuilding digital trust in the age of AI", "url": "", "description": "Digital trust, AI governance and online safety: how to address deepfakes, misinformation and accountability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重建artificial intelligence时代的数字信任", "description_zh": "数字信任、artificial intelligence治理和在线安全：如何解决深度造假、错误信息和责任。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "From “black box AI” to operational AI transparency: How the HAIP Reporting Framework can play an important role in global AI governance", "url": "", "description": "HAIP can play a crucial role in AI transparency. Voluntary reporting is more flexible and can evolve with AI technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "从“黑匣子artificial intelligence”到artificial intelligence操作透明度：HAIP报告框架如何在全球artificial intelligence治理中发挥重要作用", "description_zh": "HAIP 在artificial intelligence透明度方面可以发挥至关重要的作用。自愿报告更加灵活，可以随着artificial intelligence技术的发展而发展。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "There are many ways to minimise water use related to AI operations, but they may not be what you think", "url": "", "description": "AI is surging not just in popularity and investment, but also in its physical scale. Behind every chatbot query or AI-powered service are data centres that consume large amounts of electricity, generate significant heat, and need cooling to remain reliable. Many facilities rely heavily on water for", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有很多方法可以最大限度地减少与artificial intelligence操作相关的用水量，但它们可能不是你想象的那样", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence不仅在受欢迎程度和投资方面不断飙升，而且在其物理规模上也不断增长。每个聊天机器人查询或artificial intelligence服务背后都是消耗大量电力、产生大量热量并需要冷却才能保持可靠性的数据中心。许多设施严重依赖水", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-10", "title": "Quantum and AI: A powerful partnership for the next digital revolution", "url": "", "description": "Quantum and AI together could drive the next digital revolution. Here are insights on opportunities, challenges, and future breakthroughs.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "量子和artificial intelligence：下一次数字革命的强大合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "量子和artificial intelligence共同推动下一次数字革命。以下是关于机遇、挑战和未来突破的见解。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "title": "G7 AI transparency reporting: Ten insights for AI governance and risk management", "url": "", "description": "Discover key insights from the G7 Hiroshima AI Process transparency reports on AI governance, risk management, safety, and accountability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 artificial intelligence透明度报告：artificial intelligence治理和风险管理的十大见解", "description_zh": "从 G7 广岛artificial intelligence流程透明度报告中了解有关artificial intelligence治理、风险管理、安全和问责制的重要见解。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "AI governance through global red lines can help prevent unacceptable risks", "url": "", "description": "Global AI red lines are one way to set enforceable limits on dangerous AI uses and behaviours to prevent unacceptable risks and build trust.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "穿越全球红线的artificial intelligence治理有助于预防不可接受的风险", "description_zh": "全球artificial intelligence红线是对危险的artificial intelligence使用和行为设置可执行限制的一种方式，以防止不可接受的风险并建立信任。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-09", "title": "Sovereign AI for assistive and public technologies: How policymakers can reinforce critical digital capacities", "url": "", "description": "Sovereign AI and critical digital capacities can support assistive technologies, public services, and inclusive, resilient AI policy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "用于辅助和公共技术的主权artificial intelligence：政策制定者如何加强关键的数字能力", "description_zh": "主权artificial intelligence和关键数字能力可以支持辅助技术、公共服务以及包容性、弹性的artificial intelligence政策。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "When it comes to AI incidents, safety and security are not the same", "url": "", "description": "There are several ways the OECD common reporting for AI incidents could play a role in cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "当谈到artificial intelligence事件时，安全和安保是不一样的", "description_zh": "经合组织对artificial intelligence事件的共同报告可以通过多种方式在网络安全中发挥作用。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "title": "When your AI knows you better than anyone: Privacy in the age of intimate assistants", "url": "", "description": "Discover how intimate AI assistants reveal our innermost thoughts—and why strong privacy and policy safeguards are now essential to protect users.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "当你的artificial intelligence比任何人都更了解你时：亲密助手时代的隐私", "description_zh": "了解亲密的artificial intelligence助手如何揭示我们内心深处的想法，以及为什么强大的隐私和政策保障现在对于保护用户至关重要。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "How to govern AI in agriculture responsibly: risks, tools and solutions", "url": "", "description": "Explore how robust AI governance—through privacy, transparency, and tools like federated learning and blockchain—can ensure ethical, trusted innovation in agriculture.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "如何负责任地治理农业中的artificial intelligence：风险、工具和解决方案", "description_zh": "探索强大的artificial intelligence治理——通过隐私、透明度以及联邦学习和区块链等工具——如何确保农业领域的道德、可信创新。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "The HAIP Reporting Framework: Feedback on a quiet revolution in AI transparency", "url": "", "description": "The findings reveal a picture that is both promising and complex, with lessons for the future of global AI governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HAIP 报告框架：对artificial intelligence透明度悄然革命的反馈", "description_zh": "研究结果揭示了一幅既充满希望又复杂的图景，为全球artificial intelligence治理的未来提供了教训。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "title": "Building a responsible AI future: How the G7 Hiroshima AI Process is enhancing responsible AI around the globe", "url": "", "description": "Salesforce’s shares its experience with the G7 HAIP Transparency Reporting Framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "构建负责任的artificial intelligence未来：G7 广岛artificial intelligence进程如何在全球范围内增强负责任的artificial intelligence", "description_zh": "Salesforce 分享其使用 G7 HAIP 透明度报告框架的经验。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Shaping trustworthy AI: Early insights from the Hiroshima AI Process Reporting Framework", "url": "", "description": "the OECD worked with experts from government, business, academia, and civil society to design a voluntary reporting framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塑造值得信赖的artificial intelligence：广岛artificial intelligence流程报告框架的早期见解", "description_zh": "经合组织与来自政府、企业、学术界和民间社会的专家合作设计了自愿报告框架。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-06", "title": "From PISA to AI: How the OECD is measuring what AI can do", "url": "", "description": "Explore the OECD AI Capability Indicators: A new framework to measure what AI can and cannot do across human tasks in education, work, and society.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "从 PISA 到artificial intelligence：经合组织如何衡量artificial intelligence的能力", "description_zh": "探索经合组织artificial intelligence能力指标：一个新框架，用于衡量artificial intelligence在教育、工作和社会等人类任务中可以做什么和不能做什么。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-29", "title": "Proportional oversight for AI model updates can boost AI adoption", "url": "", "description": "Updates to general-purpose AI models can increase systemic risk and disrupt downstream applications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对artificial intelligence模型更新的比例监督可以促进artificial intelligence的采用", "description_zh": "通用artificial intelligence模型的更新可能会增加系统性风险并扰乱下游应用程序。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-23", "title": "What explainable AI is, why it matters and how we can achieve it", "url": "", "description": "Explainable AI clarifies how AI models operate, allowing us to trust, verify, and responsibly use these advanced technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "什么是可解释artificial intelligence、它为何重要以及我们如何实现它", "description_zh": "可解释的artificial intelligence阐明了artificial intelligence模型的运作方式，使我们能够信任、验证和负责任地使用这些先进技术。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-22", "title": "The AI Workforce: What LinkedIn data reveals about ‘AI Talent’ trends in OECD.AI’s live data", "url": "", "description": "LinkedIn’s Data for Impact programme’s collaboration with the OECD.AI Policy Observatory brings together the latest LinkedIn data on AI workforce trends to provide policymakers with information to understand the AI ecosystem better and make evidence-based decisions. LinkedIn’s more than one billion", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence劳动力：LinkedIn 数据揭示了 OECD.AI 实时数据中的“artificial intelligence人才”趋势", "description_zh": "LinkedIn 的影响力数据计划与 OECD.AI 政策观察站合作，汇集了 LinkedIn 关于artificial intelligence劳动力趋势的最新数据，为政策制定者提供信息，以更好地了解artificial intelligence生态系统并做出基于证据的决策。 LinkedIn 超过 10 亿", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "title": "How governments are driving AI adoption for economic growth", "url": "", "description": "Around the world, policymakers recognise AI’s potential to reshape economies, transform industries, and strengthen global competitiveness.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府如何推动artificial intelligence的采用以促进经济增长", "description_zh": "在世界各地，政策制定者认识到artificial intelligence重塑经济、转型行业和增强全球竞争力的潜力。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Fostering regional cooperation for trustworthy AI in Southeast Asia", "url": "", "description": "The OECD is convening a policy roundtable on 26 May 2025, in Tokyo and online.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "促进东南亚可信artificial intelligence的区域合作", "description_zh": "经合组织将于 2025 年 5 月 26 日在东京在线召开政策圆桌会议。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-05", "title": "From myth to metrics: Communities can leverage the real costs of generative AI when negotiating for data centres", "url": "", "description": "Accurate forecasts of power consumption for AI should be available following OECD AI Principle 1.1: “Inclusive growth, sustainable development, and well-being.” However, these details are often closely guarded as corporate trade secrets. Due to the difficulty in obtaining details, analysts have been", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "从神话到指标：社区在谈判数据中心时可以利用生成式artificial intelligence的实际成本", "description_zh": "遵循经合组织artificial intelligence原则 1.1：“包容性增长、可持续发展和福祉”，应该可以准确预测artificial intelligence的能耗。然而，这些细节通常作为公司商业秘密受到严密保护。由于难以获取详细信息，分析人士", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "How anticipatory governance can lead to AI policies that stand the test of time", "url": "", "description": "A recent report offers valuable lessons for effective AI governance, focusing on five key elements", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "预期治理如何制定经得起时间考验的artificial intelligence政策", "description_zh": "最近的一份报告为有效的artificial intelligence治理提供了宝贵的经验教训，重点关注五个关键要素", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-24", "title": "A milestone in international AI transparency: The OECD publishes initial submissions from the G7 Hiroshima AI Process Reporting Framework", "url": "", "description": "The publication of these reports reflects the first tangible outcomes of the reporting mechanism launched in February 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际artificial intelligence透明度的里程碑：经合组织发布七国集团广岛artificial intelligence流程报告框架的初步意见书", "description_zh": "这些报告的发布反映了 2025 年 2 月启动的报告机制的第一个切实成果。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-04", "title": "Government automated-decision-making: transparency and responsibility in the public sector", "url": "", "description": "Automated decision-making is on the rise, and governments are no exception.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府自动化决策：公共部门的透明度和责任", "description_zh": "自动化决策正在兴起，政府也不例外。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-04", "title": "Complete the G7 Hiroshima AI Process Reporting Framework by 15 April 2025 and join the leaders shaping AI transparency", "url": "", "description": "If your organisation develops advanced AI systems, you can help establish the standard for responsible AI governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "于 2025 年 4 月 15 日之前完成 G7 广岛artificial intelligence流程报告框架，并加入塑造artificial intelligence透明度的领导者行列", "description_zh": "如果您的组织开发先进的artificial intelligence系统，您可以帮助建立负责任的artificial intelligence治理标准。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Building trust in AI: A practical approach to transparency", "url": "", "description": "Transparency in AI development is an ongoing process and must evolve with the technology.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立对artificial intelligence的信任：实现透明度的实用方法", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence开发的透明度是一个持续的过程，必须随着技术的发展而发展。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-17", "title": "How can we leverage AI to solve justice problems for all?", "url": "", "description": "AI offers a unique opportunity to bridge the justice gap that leaves millions without fair or timely resolutions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们如何利用artificial intelligence来解决所有人的正义问题？", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence提供了一个独特的机会来弥合导致数百万人无法得到公平或及时解决的司法差距。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Risk thresholds for frontier AI: Insights from the AI Action Summit", "url": "", "description": "There is increasing interest in thresholds as a tool for governing advanced AI systems, or frontier AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "前沿artificial intelligence的风险阈值：artificial intelligence行动峰会的见解", "description_zh": "人们越来越关注阈值作为管理高级artificial intelligence系统或前沿artificial intelligence的工具。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "From deepfake scams to biased AI: How incident reporting can help us keep ahead of AI’s harms", "url": "", "description": "If we can understand the origins of AI incidents, we have a greater chance of devising effective responses.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "从深度伪造诈骗到有偏见的artificial intelligence：事件报告如何帮助我们领先于artificial intelligence的危害", "description_zh": "如果我们能够了解artificial intelligence事件的根源，我们就有更大的机会制定有效的应对措施。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "title": "The hidden cost of AI: Unpacking its energy and water footprint", "url": "", "description": "The OECD and IEEE co-organised an event on the margin of the French AI Action Summit to discuss AI’s growing environmental challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence的隐性成本：揭示其能源和水足迹", "description_zh": "OECD 和 IEEE 在Franceartificial intelligence行动峰会期间共同组织了一次活动，讨论artificial intelligence日益严峻的环境挑战。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-14", "title": "Artificial intelligence and intellectual property: Navigating the challenges of data scraping", "url": "", "description": "The Global Partnership on AI (GPAI) has released a new report examining the intellectual property (IP) implications of how organisations collect and use data to train AI systems, with a particular focus on data scraping. This analysis examines approaches and potential solutions for addressing IP con", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence和知识产权：应对数据抓取的挑战", "description_zh": "全球artificial intelligence合作伙伴关系 (GPAI) 发布了一份新报告，研究了组织如何收集和使用数据来训练artificial intelligence系统的知识产权 (IP) 影响，特别关注数据抓取。该分析探讨了解决 IP 问题的方法和潜在解决方案", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "How the G7’s new AI reporting framework could shape the future of AI governance", "url": "", "description": "This milestone marks a significant advancement in international AI governance and the safety of advanced AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团的新artificial intelligence报告框架如何塑造artificial intelligence治理的未来", "description_zh": "这一里程碑标志着国际artificial intelligence治理和先进artificial intelligence系统安全性的重大进步。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "AI safety solutions mapping: An initiative for advanced AI governance", "url": "", "description": "The AI landscape faces critical challenges as increasingly capable general-purpose AI systems emerge. Project SAFE, initiated with the previous iteration of the Global Partnership on AI (GPAI), is partnering with the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government in Dubai and its Project GRASP (Global Ris", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence安全解决方案映射：先进artificial intelligence治理举措", "description_zh": "随着功能日益强大的通用artificial intelligence系统的出现，artificial intelligence领域面临着严峻的挑战。 SAFE 项目是由上一届artificial intelligence全球合作伙伴关系 (GPAI) 发起的，目前正在与迪拜穆罕默德·本·拉希德政府学院及其 GRASP 项目 (Global Ris", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "How might standard contract terms help unlock responsible AI data sharing?", "url": "", "description": "Standardised data licences can help overcome present-day AI data sharing barriers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "标准合同条款如何帮助实现负责任的artificial intelligence数据共享？", "description_zh": "标准化数据许可证可以帮助克服当前artificial intelligence数据共享障碍。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-24", "title": "If reliable AI content detection tools become available, should we use them? If so, how?", "url": "", "description": "Should AI content providers also be responsible for detection?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "如果可靠的artificial intelligence内容检测工具可用，我们应该使用它们吗？如果是这样，怎么办？", "description_zh": "AI内容提供商是否也应该负责检测？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-20", "title": "More partnerships, more insights, better tools: How we shaped AI policy in 2024", "url": "", "description": "2024 saw remarkable progress in AI policy and governance, including our integrated partnership with GPAI and OECD countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "更多合作伙伴、更多见解、更好的工具：我们如何制定 2024 年artificial intelligence政策", "description_zh": "2024 年，artificial intelligence政策和治理取得了显着进展，包括我们与 GPAI 和 OECD 国家的综合伙伴关系。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "AI’s potential futures: Mitigating risks, harnessing opportunities", "url": "", "description": "Governments must consider AI’s medium- and long-term implications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence的潜在未来：降低风险，利用机遇", "description_zh": "政府必须考虑artificial intelligence的中长期影响。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "Trustworthy AI for the enterprise: How to train an LLM to follow a code of conduct", "url": "", "description": "AI21 utilised the OECD’s AI Principles to develop an AI Code of Conduct to promote the safe and responsible use of LLMs.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业值得信赖的artificial intelligence：如何培训法学硕士遵守行为准则", "description_zh": "AI21 利用经合组织的artificial intelligence原则制定artificial intelligence行为准则，以促进法学硕士的安全和负责任的使用。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-27", "title": "AI for everyone? A roadmap to substantive equality in AI ecosystems", "url": "", "description": "Local initiatives and international collaboration can help realise greater equality.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence适合所有人？artificial intelligence生态系统实质性平等的路线图", "description_zh": "地方举措和国际合作有助于实现更大的平等。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-22", "title": "Social dialogue and AI: Global Deal focus group on social dialogue and the use of AI systems in the workplace", "url": "", "description": "The Global Deal released a note on the role of social dialogue and AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "社会对话和artificial intelligence：全球交易焦点小组关注社会对话和artificial intelligence系统在工作场所的使用", "description_zh": "全球协议发布了关于社会对话和artificial intelligence系统作用的说明。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-18", "title": "Safer together: How governments can enhance the AI Safety Institute Network’s role in global AI governance", "url": "", "description": "The Future Society puts forward three ways to structure the AISI Network to enhance collaboration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "共同更安全：政府如何增强artificial intelligence安全研究所网络在全球artificial intelligence治理中的作用", "description_zh": "未来社会提出了三种构建 AISI 网络以加强协作的方法。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-11", "title": "How the global community can come together to understand AI’s risks", "url": "", "description": "In 1980 and again in 1985, an international group of scientists came together in Villach, Austria, to discuss a concerning trend. The climate was heating, and human activity seemed part of the cause. The resulting flurry of activity led to the creation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际社会如何齐心协力了解artificial intelligence的风险", "description_zh": "1980 年和 1985 年，一个国际科学家小组聚集在Austria菲拉赫，讨论了一个令人担忧的趋势。气候变暖，人类活动似乎是原因之一。由此产生的一系列活动导致了政府间气候变化专门委员会的成立", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-10", "title": "Everyone must understand the environmental costs of AI", "url": "", "description": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a profound effect on societies around the globe. Its application improves the lives of many, but it can also increase inequities. To safeguard against AI’s negative impacts, all actors must develop and deploy AI responsibly. The responsible use of AI typically focuse", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "每个人都必须了解artificial intelligence的环境成本", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence（AI）对全球社会产生深远影响。它的应用改善了许多人的生活，但也可能增加不平等。为了防止artificial intelligence的负面影响，所有参与者都必须负责任地开发和部署artificial intelligence。负责任地使用artificial intelligence通常侧重于", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-13", "title": "With mounting pressure on health systems, can AI help 8 billion people to obtain optimal health outcomes?", "url": "", "description": "In May 2024, the OECD assembled a time-limited Expert Group on AI for Health.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "随着卫生系统面临越来越大的压力，artificial intelligence能否帮助 80 亿人获得最佳健康结果？", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月，经合组织组建了一个有时限的artificial intelligence健康专家组。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-09", "title": "Participate in the OECD survey on private sector perspectives on AI adoption and governance", "url": "", "description": "The survey will inform OECD work.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "参与经合组织关于私营部门对artificial intelligence采用和治理的看法的调查", "description_zh": "该调查将为经合组织的工作提供信息。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-09", "title": "AI could transform disaster response. How do we ensure it reaches those who need it most?", "url": "", "description": "How do we ensure AI serves the needs of the world’s poorest and most vulnerable? As leading economists consistently note, such an outcome is anything but guaranteed. The phenomenon of market mechanisms alone failing to broadly distribute the fruits of technological advancement is not new or unique t", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence可以改变灾难响应。我们如何确保它到达最需要的人手中？", "description_zh": "我们如何确保artificial intelligence满足世界上最贫穷和最弱势群体的需求？正如主要经济学家一贯指出的那样，这样的结果绝非有保证。仅靠市场机制无法广泛分配技术进步成果的现象并不是新奇或独特的。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "Towards algorithm auditing: A research overview", "url": "", "description": "Like financial audits, algorithm audits are becoming the norm in AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "走向算法审计：研究概述", "description_zh": "与财务审计一样，算法审计正在成为artificial intelligence领域的常态。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-26", "title": "Six crucial policy considerations for AI, data governance and privacy: Insights from the OECD", "url": "", "description": "Six crucial policy considerations to harmonise AI’s advancements with privacy principles", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence、数据治理和隐私的六大关键政策考虑因素：经合组织的见解", "description_zh": "协调artificial intelligence进步与隐私原则的六大关键政策考虑因素", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-14", "title": "A look at the risks and opportunities for AI in tax administrations", "url": "", "description": "A look at the risks and opportunities of using AI in tax administrations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence在税务管理中的风险和机遇", "description_zh": "看看在税务管理中使用artificial intelligence的风险和机遇。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-06", "title": "Open-Source and open access licensing in an AI Large Language Model (LLMs) world", "url": "", "description": "This text initially appeared as a blog post on gpai.ai, coauthored by Yann Dietrich, Catherine Stihler, and Lea Daun. Abstract With the rise of generative AI and other innovations, focus has increased on how to make open-source and open access AI models available in a safe and trusted manner. The OE", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI 大语言模型 (LLM) 世界中的开源和开放获取许可", "description_zh": "本文最初作为一篇博客文章出现在 gpai.ai 上，由 Yann Dietrich、Catherine Stihler 和 Lea Daun 共同撰写。摘要：随着生成式artificial intelligence和其他创新的兴起，人们越来越关注如何以安全和可信的方式提供开源和开放访问的artificial intelligence模型。 OE", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "Evolving with innovation: The 2024 OECD AI Principles update", "url": "", "description": "The principles now address better address issues related to safety, privacy, intellectual property rights and information integrity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "创新发展：2024 年 OECD artificial intelligence原则更新", "description_zh": "这些原则现在可以更好地解决与安全、隐私、知识产权和信息完整性相关的问题。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "Name it to tame it: Defining AI incidents and hazards", "url": "", "description": "Complete and accurate definitions of AI incidents and hazards should capture all aspects of harm.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "命名它来驯服它：定义artificial intelligence事件和危害", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence事件和危害的完整而准确的定义应该涵盖危害的所有方面。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-25", "title": "Responsible science communication can be a catalyst for trust in technology", "url": "", "description": "Miscommunication and hype surrounding AI can lead to misunderstandings and hinder progress.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "负责任的科学传播可以成为技术信任的催化剂", "description_zh": "围绕artificial intelligence的沟通不畅和炒作可能会导致误解并阻碍进步。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-21", "title": "A new expert group at the OECD for policy synergies in AI, data and privacy", "url": "", "description": "Governments worldwide can benefit from AI and privacy communities working together to achieve common goals.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织成立新专家组，负责artificial intelligence、数据和隐私方面的政策协同作用", "description_zh": "世界各地的政府都可以从artificial intelligence和隐私社区共同努力实现共同目标中受益。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "Reflections on safety: General-purpose AI developers can learn from the Challenger disaster", "url": "", "description": "The Challenger disaster shows us what can happen if we do not have a strong safety culture.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对安全的思考：通用artificial intelligence开发人员可以从挑战者号灾难中吸取教训", "description_zh": "挑战者号灾难向我们展示了如果我们没有强大的安全文化将会发生什么。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "Is there AI beyond Chat GPT?", "url": "", "description": "This text initially appeared as a blog post on gpai.ai, coauthored by Borys Stokalski, Bogumił Kamiński, Daniel Kaszyński Abstract This article discusses the need for policymakers, AI investors, and AI practitioners to see beyond current generative AI hype and retain a broad field of vision of AI, t", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "除了 Chat GPT 之外还有 AI 吗？", "description_zh": "本文最初作为一篇博客文章出现在 gpai.ai 上，由 Borys Stokalski、Bogumił Kamiński、Daniel Kaszyński 合着 摘要本文讨论了政策制定者、artificial intelligence投资者和artificial intelligence从业者需要超越当前的生成式artificial intelligence炒作，并保留artificial intelligence的广阔视野。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-29", "title": "OECD health ministers: people and partnerships are the secret to enabling AI in healthcare", "url": "", "description": "Responsible AI in healthcare can improve trustworthiness, build capacity, evaluate problems and more.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织卫生部长：人员和合作伙伴关系是在医疗保健领域实现artificial intelligence的秘诀", "description_zh": "医疗保健领域的负责任的artificial intelligence可以提高可信度、建设能力、评估问题等。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-23", "title": "Provide your feedback on how to improve the OECD.AI Database of National AI Policies & Strategies", "url": "", "description": "We are re-visiting the database’s design to identify opportunities for improvement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "提供有关如何改进 OECD.AI 国家artificial intelligence政策和战略数据库的反馈", "description_zh": "我们正在重新审视数据库的设计，以找出改进的机会。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-17", "title": "Exploring DLT and blockchain: A comparative analysis of Hedera, Bitcoin, Ethereum, and how they integrate with AI technologies", "url": "", "description": "Marrying AI with DLT or blockchain opens avenues for enhanced security, data integrity, and reliability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "探索 DLT 和区块链：Hedera、比特币、以太坊的比较分析以及它们如何与artificial intelligence技术集成", "description_zh": "将artificial intelligence与分布式账本技术或区块链相结合，为增强安全性、数据完整性和可靠性开辟了途径。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "2023: A pioneering year for AI and the OECD", "url": "", "description": "In 2023, OECD.AI helped members and other countries shape AI policy. Here’s a review of our most significant achievements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年：artificial intelligence和经合组织的开创性一年", "description_zh": "2023 年，OECD.AI 帮助成员国和其他国家制定artificial intelligence政策。以下是我们最重要成就的回顾。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-12", "title": "Ensuring AI’s trustworthiness: reliability engineering meets data-driven risk management", "url": "", "description": "Reliability engineering principles can be applied to AI systems to ensure safety and performance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保artificial intelligence的可信度：可靠性工程满足数据驱动的风险管理", "description_zh": "可靠性工程原理可以应用于artificial intelligence系统，以确保安全和性能。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-12", "title": "How can standard contract terms advance responsible AI data and model sharing for generative AI and other applications?", "url": "", "description": "Generative AI has escalated the need to responsibly address AI data and model sharing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "标准合同条款如何促进生成artificial intelligence和其他应用的负责任的artificial intelligence数据和模型共享？", "description_zh": "生成式artificial intelligence提高了负责任地解决artificial intelligence数据和模型共享问题的需求。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "For disabilities and designated groups, the Digital Services and Market Acts may complement AI and data policies to ensure algorithmic safety and accountability", "url": "", "description": "These acts will work with the EU AI Act and data regulation to address digital platforms and associated algorithms better.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对于残疾人和指定群体，《数字服务和市场法案》可以补充artificial intelligence和数据政策，以确保算法安全和问责制", "description_zh": "这些法案将与EUAI Act案和数据监管相配合，以更好地解决数字平台和相关算法的问题。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "How much water does AI consume? The public deserves to know", "url": "", "description": "Air pollution and carbon emissions are well-known environmental costs of AI. But water consumption is also an issue.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence消耗多少水？公众应该知道", "description_zh": "空气污染和碳排放是众所周知的artificial intelligence环境成本。但水的消耗也是一个问题。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-29", "title": "Updates to the OECD’s definition of an AI system explained", "url": "", "description": "We want to respond to the interest our community has shown in the definition with a short explanation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织对artificial intelligence系统定义的更新解释", "description_zh": "我们希望通过简短的解释来回应我们的社区对定义所表现出的兴趣。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-21", "title": "Accelerating science could be the most valuable use of AI", "url": "", "description": "Accelerating research productivity could be the most economically and socially valuable use for AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加速科学发展可能是artificial intelligence最有价值的用途", "description_zh": "提高研究生产力可能是artificial intelligence最具经济和社会价值的用途。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "title": "The OECD AI Incidents Monitor: an evidence base for effective AI policy", "url": "", "description": "AIM is the first step to producing evidence and foresight on AI incidents for sound policymaking and international cooperation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织artificial intelligence事件监测：有效artificial intelligence政策的证据基础", "description_zh": "AIM 是为artificial intelligence事件提供证据和预见以促进合理决策和国际合作的第一步。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-26", "title": "Bridging the gap in AI governance and the rule of law: The Athens Roundtable 2023", "url": "", "description": "How will AI developments impact political, judicial, and legislative action?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弥合artificial intelligence治理和法治之间的差距：2023 年雅典圆桌会议", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence的发展将如何影响政治、司法和立法行动？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-19", "title": "The AI data challenge: How do we protect privacy and other fundamental rights in an AI-driven world?", "url": "", "description": "Society must meet the AI data challenge.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence数据挑战：在artificial intelligence驱动的世界中，我们如何保护隐私和其他基本权利？", "description_zh": "社会必须应对artificial intelligence数据的挑战。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-10", "title": "Why policymakers worldwide must prioritise security for AI", "url": "", "description": "The threat of AI attacks is not only real. It is pervasive and present.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为什么世界各地的政策制定者必须优先考虑artificial intelligence的安全", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence攻击的威胁不仅真实存在。它是普遍存在的。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-20", "title": "Web3, AI, and other technologies provide new opportunities to improve healthcare", "url": "", "description": "The convergence of AI and blockchain technologies in healthcare holds immense promise.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Web3、AI 和其他技术为改善医疗保健提供了新机遇", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence和区块链技术在医疗保健领域的融合带来了巨大的前景。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-09", "title": "Vague concepts in the EU AI Act will not protect citizens from AI manipulation", "url": "", "description": "Clear definitions and collaboration can uphold European values.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EUAI Act案中模糊的概念不会保护公民免受artificial intelligence操纵", "description_zh": "明确的定义和合作可以维护欧洲价值观。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-08", "title": "Will businesses or laws and regulations ever prioritise environmental sustainability for AI systems?", "url": "", "description": "We need better tools and clear regulations to reduce AI’s carbon footprint.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业或法律法规是否会优先考虑artificial intelligence系统的环境可持续性？", "description_zh": "我们需要更好的工具和明确的法规来减少artificial intelligence的碳足迹。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-08", "title": "BigCode: toward open AI governance processes in LLMs for coding", "url": "", "description": "BigCode can empower the machine learning and open source communities through open governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BigCode：在法学硕士中实现开放式artificial intelligence编码治理流程", "description_zh": "BigCode 可以通过开放治理为机器学习和开源社区赋能。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-08", "title": "Three steps for businesses to make AI data and compute more sustainable", "url": "", "description": "All actors of the AI ecosystem must work together to reduce data’s CO2 footprint.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业使artificial intelligence数据和计算更具可持续性的三个步骤", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence生态系统的所有参与者必须共同努力，减少数据的二氧化碳足迹。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-25", "title": "Canada and the UK compare AI governance efforts and  reflect on regulating AI", "url": "", "description": "With common governance systems, the roundtable was an opportunity to discuss a harmonized strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拿大和United Kingdom比较artificial intelligence治理工作并反思监管artificial intelligence", "description_zh": "通过共同的治理体系，圆桌会议是讨论统一战略的机会。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-20", "title": "A law for foundation models: the EU AI Act can improve regulation for fairer competition", "url": "", "description": "The EU could mitigate risks of systemic foundation models and exploit opportunities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基础模型法：EUAI Act案可以改善公平竞争的监管", "description_zh": "EU可以降低系统性基础模型的风险并利用机遇。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-19", "title": "Call for Partners: the Global Challenge to Build Trust in the Age of Generative AI", "url": "", "description": "Join us in building a global competitive challenge to promote trust.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "招募合作伙伴：在生成artificial intelligence时代建立信任的全球挑战", "description_zh": "与我们一起构建全球竞争挑战以促进信任。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-07", "title": "Announcing the new OECD.AI Expert Group on AI Futures", "url": "", "description": "Join the open discussion on the potential benefits and risks of AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "宣布成立新的 OECD.AI artificial intelligence未来专家组", "description_zh": "加入有关artificial intelligence潜在好处和风险的公开讨论。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-07", "title": "Should we do this? Navigating risk and innovation through digital ethics in business", "url": "", "description": "Ethical risks are a gamble for digital products.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们应该这样做吗？通过商业中的数字道德来应对风险和创新", "description_zh": "道德风险是数字产品的一场赌博。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-28", "title": "Calling on Consultants! Come work with us at the OECD.AI Policy Observatory", "url": "", "description": "We are recruiting a few internal and external consultants passionate about Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诚邀顾问！欢迎加入 OECD.AI 政策观察站与我们合作", "description_zh": "我们正在招募一些对artificial intelligence充满热情的内部和外部顾问。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-30", "title": "We need to use AI to fight climate change", "url": "", "description": "We need AI to mitigate climate change. What can policy makers do?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们需要利用artificial intelligence来应对气候变化", "description_zh": "我们需要artificial intelligence来缓解气候变化。政策制定者可以做什么？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-17", "title": "AI Act and disability-centred policy: how can we stop perpetuating social exclusion?", "url": "", "description": "AI systems may discriminate due to facial differences, gestures, gesticulation, speech impairment, or different communication patterns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Act案和以残疾人为中心的政策：我们如何才能制止长期存在的社会排斥？", "description_zh": "artificial intelligence系统可能会因面部差异、手势、手势、言语障碍或不同的沟通模式而产生歧视。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-25", "title": "A look at AI and Blockchain governance and an interview with CZ", "url": "", "description": "Listen to our interview with Changpeng Zhao, CZ, about the OECD AI Principles and regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence和区块链治理概览以及 CZ 采访", "description_zh": "请听我们对 CZ 赵长鹏的采访，了解 OECD artificial intelligence原则和法规。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "A roadmap for an AI learning campaign", "url": "", "description": "A global AI learning campaign would foster greater human-centric AI development and empower decision-making.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "artificial intelligence学习活动的路线图", "description_zh": "全球artificial intelligence学习活动将促进以人为本的artificial intelligence发展并增强决策能力。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "As language models and generative AI take the world by storm, the OECD is tracking the policy implications", "url": "", "description": "ChatGPT has become a household name thanks to its apparent benefits. At the same time, governments and other entities are taking action to contain potential risks. AI Language Models (LM) are at the heart of widely used language applications like ChatGPT, so it is worth taking a closer look at the t", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "随着语言模型和生成人工智能席卷全球，经合组织正在追踪其政策影响", "description_zh": "ChatGPT 因其明显的优势而成为家喻户晓的名字。与此同时，政府和其他实体正在采取行动遏制潜在风险。 AI 语言模型 (LM) 是 ChatGPT 等广泛使用的语言应用程序的核心，因此值得仔细研究一下", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-21", "title": "The EU’s AI Act needs to address critical manipulation methods", "url": "", "description": "Sometimes algorithms “hack” preferences and change the person.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟的人工智能法案需要解决关键的操纵方法", "description_zh": "有时，算法会“破解”偏好并改变人。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-03", "title": "What is web3? Part 1 of a three-part vlog on the OECD and web3", "url": "", "description": "This vlog series covers the basic concept of web3 and its components – blockchain and AI technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "什么是web3？关于 OECD 和 web3 的三部分视频博客的第 1 部分", "description_zh": "这个视频博客系列涵盖了 web3 的基本概念及其组件——区块链和人工智能技术。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-03", "title": "Artificially Inequitable? AI and closing the gender gap", "url": "", "description": "AI can serve as a tool for women’s economic empowerment but it can be a double-edged sword.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人为的不平等？人工智能与缩小性别差距", "description_zh": "人工智能可以作为女性经济赋权的工具，但它也可能是一把双刃剑。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-17", "title": "Can AI help save the planet?", "url": "", "description": "AI computing has positive and negative effects on the planet.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能可以帮助拯救地球吗？", "description_zh": "人工智能计算对地球有积极和消极的影响。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-11", "title": "The twin transitions: are digital technologies the key to a clean energy future?", "url": "", "description": "Smart energy systems can help manage energy more sustainably, but there will be trade-offs", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "双重转型：数字技术是清洁能源未来的关键吗？", "description_zh": "智能能源系统可以帮助更可持续地管理能源，但也需要权衡取舍", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-31", "title": "AlphaFold: How AI can accelerate scientific discovery", "url": "", "description": "Proof that artificial intelligence can dramatically accelerate scientific discovery and in turn benefit humanity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AlphaFold：人工智能如何加速科学发现", "description_zh": "证明人工智能可以极大地加速科学发现，进而造福人类。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-21", "title": "AI needs the right trade policies to flourish", "url": "", "description": "As trade’s reliance on AI grows, so does AI’s reliance on appropriate trade policies. Here is why.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能需要正确的贸易政策才能蓬勃发展", "description_zh": "随着贸易对人工智能的依赖不断增加，人工智能对适当贸易政策的依赖也随之增加。这就是原因。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-05", "title": "Leveraging AI, big data analytics and people to fight untruths online", "url": "", "description": "How can we stop the creators and spreaders of untruths online?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "利用人工智能、大数据分析和人员来打击网上的谎言", "description_zh": "我们如何才能阻止网上谎言的创造者和传播者？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-19", "title": "Lessons for businesses and regulators on implementing trustworthy AI", "url": "", "description": "Business at the OECD shares practical lessons for businesses and regulators from seven case studies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业和监管机构在实施值得信赖的人工智能方面的经验教训", "description_zh": "经合组织企业界从七个案例研究中为企业和监管机构分享了实践经验教训。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-04", "title": "Reducing the carbon emissions of AI", "url": "", "description": "Practitioners can dramatically lower the carbon footprint of ML by choosing the best options for the “4Ms”.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "减少人工智能的碳排放", "description_zh": "从业者可以通过选择“4M”的最佳选项来显着降低机器学习的碳足迹。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-04", "title": "Businesses are applying the OECD AI Principles. How is it going?", "url": "", "description": "The private sector launched a project at the OECD to facilitate the adoption of its AI Principles.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业正在应用经合组织人工智能原则。最近好吗？", "description_zh": "私营部门在经合组织启动了一个项目，以促进其人工智能原则的采用。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-04", "title": "Three takeaways from classifying AI systems designed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic", "url": "", "description": "Developing a living repository that classifies AI systems designed to fight COVID-19.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对旨在对抗 COVID-19 大流行的 AI 系统进行分类的三个要点", "description_zh": "开发一个实时存储库，对旨在对抗 COVID-19 的 AI 系统进行分类。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-03", "title": "AI in financial services – opportunities for putting OECD frameworks into action", "url": "", "description": "Here are some near-term opportunities for the OECD’s AI work to influence the financial services industry.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融服务中的人工智能——将经合组织框架付诸行动的机会", "description_zh": "以下是经合组织人工智能工作影响金融服务业的一些近期机会。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-03", "title": "AI must not make women’s working lives worse", "url": "", "description": "We must ensure that AI technologies help to close gender gaps in the working lives of women, not widen them.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能不能让女性的工作生活变得更糟", "description_zh": "我们必须确保人工智能技术有助于缩小而不是扩大女性工作生活中的性别差距。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-03", "title": "What do AI systems and cows have in common?", "url": "", "description": "To produce high quality outputs, cows, like AI systems, require care, feeding, and surveillance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能系统和奶牛有什么共同点？", "description_zh": "为了生产高质量的产品，奶牛和人工智能系统一样，需要护理、喂养和监视。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-14", "title": "Creating real-world data trusts: progress so far and the path ahead", "url": "", "description": "Trustworthy AI requires access to data and data stewardship.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "创建现实世界的数据信任：迄今为止的进展和未来的道路", "description_zh": "值得信赖的人工智能需要访问数据和数据管理。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-10-08", "title": "Familiar methods can help to ensure trustworthy AI as the algorithm auditing industry grows", "url": "", "description": "This is a first step towards defining the key components of algorithm auditing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "随着算法审计行业的发展，熟悉的方法有助于确保值得信赖的人工智能", "description_zh": "这是定义算法审计关键组成部分的第一步。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-08", "title": "Enabling data sharing for social benefit through data trusts at the Global Partnership on AI, GPAI", "url": "", "description": "We need better understandings of the role data trusts can play in data stewardship and the operational strategies that can implement data trusts methods in practice.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过全球人工智能合作伙伴关系 (GPAI) 的数据信任，实现数据共享以造福社会", "description_zh": "我们需要更好地理解数据信托在数据管理中可以发挥的作用以及可以在实践中实施数据信托方法的运营策略。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-30", "title": "An applied research agenda for data governance for AI", "url": "", "description": "This document features some of the ideas this GPAI Working Group developed in 2021.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能数据治理的应用研究议程", "description_zh": "本文档介绍了 GPAI 工作组在 2021 年提出的一些想法。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-13", "title": "Soft law 2.0: Incorporating incentives and implementation mechanisms into the governance of artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "For AI soft law to become an increasingly effective and credible tool, programs must integrate incentives and mechanisms.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "软法2.0：将激励和执行机制纳入人工智能治理", "description_zh": "为了使人工智能软法成为越来越有效和可信的工具，项目必须整合激励措施和机制。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-07", "title": "A new approach to measuring government investment in AI-related R&D", "url": "", "description": "The study applies a relatively simple method to classify the R&D projects found in the databases of funding agencies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "衡量政府对人工智能相关研发投资的新方法", "description_zh": "该研究采用相对简单的方法对资助机构数据库中发现的研发项目进行分类。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-10-06", "title": "How smart can education get? Very smart.", "url": "", "description": "AI-powered education technology (EdTech) can turn the factory-modelled classrooms into places where learning is active, flexible, collaborative and individualised.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "教育能变得多智慧？非常聪明。", "description_zh": "人工智能驱动的教育技术 (EdTech) 可以将工厂模式的教室变成主动、灵活、协作和个性化学习的场所。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-06", "title": "GPAI’s AI and Pandemic Response Working Group work in 2021", "url": "", "description": "The AI and Pandemic Response Working Group (AIPR WG) which was formed in light of the current international context.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GPAI人工智能和疫情应对工作组2021年工作", "description_zh": "人工智能与流行病应对工作组（AIPR WG）是根据当前国际形势而成立的。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-06", "title": "An update on GPAI’s Data Governance Working Group – and a call for proposals for two new projects", "url": "", "description": "We are now very pleased and excited to share an update with you on our work, and extend an invitation to get involved, including two new tenders", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GPAI 数据治理工作组的最新动态以及两个新项目的提案征集", "description_zh": "我们现在非常高兴和兴奋地与您分享我们工作的最新情况，并发出参与邀请，包括两项新招标", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-11-03", "title": "The power of persuading: Can and should we regulate AI algorithms?", "url": "", "description": "Algorithm regulatory authoritiescould help ensure that the “gatekeepers” act for the common good.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "说服的力量：我们可以而且应该监管人工智能算法吗？", "description_zh": "算法监管机构可以帮助确保“看门人”为了共同利益而行事。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-25", "title": "The impact of AI on the labour market: is this time different?", "url": "", "description": "A new OECD review summarises the impact of AI on the labour market.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能对劳动力市场的影响：这一次有所不同吗？", "description_zh": "经合组织的一项新审查总结了人工智能对劳动力市场的影响。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-12-14", "title": "Collective and Augmented Intelligence Against COVID-19 – a decision support tool for policymakers", "url": "", "description": "Policymakers need a decision-making tool based on a truly universal and holistic approach.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 COVID-19 的集体和增强情报——决策者的决策支持工具", "description_zh": "政策制定者需要一个基于真正普遍和整体方法的决策工具。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-12-14", "title": "Deepmind’s Alphafold: a solution to the 50-year-old challenge of protein folding", "url": "", "description": "In the future, AlphaFold should help drive advances in many areas, such as drug design and environmental sustainability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Deepmind 的 Alphafold：解决 50 年来蛋白质折叠挑战的解决方案", "description_zh": "未来，AlphaFold 应该有助于推动许多领域的进步，例如药物设计和环境可持续性。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-24", "title": "A first look at the OECD’s Framework for the Classification of AI Systems, designed to give policymakers clarity", "url": "", "description": "Find out about the OECD’s Framework for the Classification of AI Systems and follow the next steps.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "初看经合组织人工智能系统分类框架，旨在让政策制定者清楚", "description_zh": "了解经合组织的人工智能系统分类框架并执行后续步骤。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-17", "title": "iHuman: a virtual screening of the film with Director Tonje Schei", "url": "", "description": "The screening is followed by a debate with some of the brightest minds in AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "iHuman：与导演 Tonje Schei 一起虚拟放映该电影", "description_zh": "放映结束后，将与人工智能领域一些最聪明的人进行辩论。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-16", "title": "COVID-19 and beyond: Elements of certainty can make AI ecosystems trustworthy", "url": "", "description": "Standardization, certification and appropriate governance structures can help to establish trust for AIS.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "COVID-19 及其他：确定性要素可以使 AI 生态系统值得信赖", "description_zh": "标准化、认证和适当的治理结构有助于建立对 AIS 的信任。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-03-11", "title": "An open call for input from GPAI’s Data Governance Working Group", "url": "", "description": "Submit your thoughts on the Data Governance Working Group Framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公开征集 GPAI 数据治理工作组的意见", "description_zh": "提交您对数据治理工作组框架的想法。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-13", "title": "An introduction to the Global Partnership on AI’s work on Innovation and Commercialization", "url": "", "description": "Our goal is to study and recommend practical tools, methods and public actions that enable private actors and research organizations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能全球合作伙伴关系创新和商业化工作简介", "description_zh": "我们的目标是研究和推荐实用的工具、方法和公共行动，为私人参与者和研究组织提供支持。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-10", "title": "How do we govern the complex intersection between AI and cybersecurity?", "url": "", "description": "As digital devices and risks increase, more actors find themselves at the intersection of AI and cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们如何管理人工智能和网络安全之间复杂的交叉点？", "description_zh": "随着数字设备和风险的增加，越来越多的参与者发现自己处于人工智能和网络安全的交叉点。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-08-07", "title": "HAI Institute’s latest AI Index Report covers 3 times as many data sets", "url": "", "description": "The report is an independent initiative within Stanford University’s Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Institute and in its third year.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HAI Institute 最新的人工智能指数报告涵盖的数据集是原来的 3 倍", "description_zh": "该报告是斯坦福大学以人为中心的人工智能研究所内的一项独立倡议，今年已是第三年了。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-06-15", "title": "Can AI combat cognitive capacity issues and information overload?", "url": "", "description": "Cybersecurity, viral pandemics and climate change make fostering international co-operation and access to knowledge more urgent than ever.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能可以解决认知能力问题和信息过载吗？", "description_zh": "网络安全、病毒大流行和气候变化使得促进国际合作和获取知识比以往任何时候都更加紧迫。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-12-06", "title": "Repository of open science initiatives to fight the COVID-19 pandemic", "url": "", "description": "This repository provides a list of up-to-date data sources and initiatives related to the COVID-19 pandemic from a plurality of stakeholders and is not meant to be exhaustive.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "抗击 COVID-19 大流行的开放科学举措知识库", "description_zh": "该存储库提供了来自多个利益相关者的与 COVID-19 大流行相关的最新数据源和举措列表，但并不意味着详尽无遗。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-06", "title": "OECD.AI Policy Observatory launch brings experts together to share and shape AI policy", "url": "", "description": "OECD.AI provides the widest possible audience with information about the OECD AI Principles , AI-related data and news.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OECD.AI 政策观察站的启动让专家们齐聚一堂，分享和制定人工智能政策", "description_zh": "OECD.AI 为尽可能广泛的受众提供有关 OECD 人工智能原则、人工智能相关数据和新闻的信息。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-06", "title": "Policy makers can enable AI for the fight against COVID-19", "url": "", "description": "The OECD is providing policymakers with as much information as possible to facilitate their decision making.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政策制定者可以利用人工智能来对抗 COVID-19", "description_zh": "经合组织正在为政策制定者提供尽可能多的信息，以促进他们的决策。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-08-06", "title": "The OECD Network of Experts on AI: Moving from principle to practice for trustworthy AI", "url": "", "description": "Adam Murray, the United States representative and first Chair of ONE AI, explains how the network works.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织人工智能专家网络：从原则转向可信赖人工智能的实践", "description_zh": "美国代表、ONE AI 第一任主席 Adam Murray 解释了该网络的运作方式。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-03-06", "title": "The IDB is bringing responsible and ethical AI to Latin America and the Caribbean", "url": "", "description": "The IDB created fAIr LAC for the responsible and ethical use of AI, better social services and to reduce inequality.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IDB 正在为拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区带来负责任和道德的人工智能", "description_zh": "IDB 创建了公平 LAC，以负责任且符合道德的方式使用人工智能、提供更好的社会服务并减少不平等。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-05", "title": "Three habits to cultivate when converting ethical AI principles into ethical AI practice", "url": "", "description": "What we have learned at Gradient Institute about the practical implementation of ethical AI principles.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将道德人工智能原则转化为道德人工智能实践时需要培养的三个习惯", "description_zh": "我们在梯度研究所学到了有关人工智能道德原则的实际实施的知识。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2026", "title": "OECD updates AI Principles with new guidance on foundation models and general-purpose AI systems", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en", "description": "The OECD updated its AI Principles with expanded guidance specifically addressing foundation models and general-purpose AI systems, including recommendations on transparency, risk management, and responsible release practices for frontier AI models.", "categories": [ "International Cooperation", "Standards", "Transparency" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织更新人工智能原则，提供有关基础模型和通用人工智能系统的新指南", "description_zh": "经合组织更新了其人工智能原则，扩大了专门针对基础模型和通用人工智能系统的指导，包括关于前沿人工智能模型的透明度、风险管理和负责任的发布实践的建议。" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "OECD releases Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible AI", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2026/02/oecd-due-diligence-guidance-for-responsible-ai_7831bb49/41671712-en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 26 January 2026 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织发布负责任人工智能尽职调查指南", "description_zh": "经合组织批准了《负责任人工智能尽职调查指南》，旨在协助企业落实《经合组织跨国企业指南》和《人工智能原则》，重点关注负责任的人工智能开发和使用。该指南概述了一个由六个步骤组成的尽职调查框架：将负责任的商业行为（RBC）纳入政策、识别和评估不利影响、停止和减轻这些影响、跟踪实施情况、沟通所采取的行动以及在必要时提供补救措施。它强调了利益相关者参与的重要性，特别是与工人和受影响社区的参与，以确保负责任地开发和部署人工智能系统，解决潜在危害，同时促进创新和经济增长。该指南为参与人工智能价值链的跨国企业提供了工具，促进与现有国际和国家人工智能风险管理框架的一致性，并鼓励积极主动的风险管理，以增强全球市场的信任和竞争力。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 November 2025", "title": "Osman Medical Centre v. Santé Québec", "url": "https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2025/11/07/un-cadre-juridique-inedit-et-inexistant-un-arbitre-montrealais-rend-une-decision-avec-lintelligence-artificielle", "description": "Arbitrator used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Fabricated: Case Law | As reported, arbitral award contains fabricated citations Outcome: (Set-aside pending).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥斯曼医疗中心 v. Santé Québec", "description_zh": "仲裁员在之前的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|据报道，仲裁裁决包含捏造的引文 结果：（撤销待决）。", "party": "Arbitrator", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "(Set-aside pending)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "Orano Mining v. Niger (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Implied (by me) in proceedings before the ICSID Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Citing a disqualification decision from Antin v. Spain that does not exist Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧安诺矿业诉尼日尔 (2)", "description_zh": "律师在 ICSID 仲裁庭的诉讼中使用了暗示（由我）。捏造：判例法|援引《Antin 诉西班牙》中不存在的取消资格决定 结果：忽略论点。", "court": "ICSID Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied (by me)", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "UN and OECD sign MoU on AI", "url": "", "description": "Today at UN Headquarters in New York, the United Nations—represented by the United Nations Office for Digital and Emerging Technologies (ODET)—and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD - OCDE) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance cooperation on artificial intelligence. 🤝 The memorandum represents an important step in strengthening the relationship between the UN and OECD in advancing principled- and evidence-based approaches for countries to harness the economic and societal benefits of artificial intelligence. It builds on recent policy developments, incl", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合国与经合组织签署人工智能谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "联合国数字和新兴技术办公室（ODET）与经济合作与发展组织（OECD - OCDE）签署了一份谅解备忘录（MoU），以加强人工智能领域的合作。谅解备忘录下的合作领域包括联合研究和分析，以支持对人工智能机遇和风险进行定期科学和循证评估，以及利用各组织各自优势的其他活动。它建立在最近的政策发展基础上，包括全球数字契约、更新的经合组织人工智能原则 (OECD.AI) 和全球人工智能伙伴关系 (GPAI)。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "OECD releases report on intellectual property issues in AI trained on scraped data", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/intellectual-property-issues-in-artificial-intelligence-trained-on-scraped-data_d5241a23-en.html", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 9 February 2025 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织发布关于利用抓取数据训练的人工智能知识产权问题的报告", "description_zh": "本报告探讨了人工智能和知识产权交叉领域的最新发展，特别关注数据抓取实践。它概述了数据抓取在人工智能培训中的作用、当前的法律框架和利益相关者的观点，以及初步考虑因素和潜在的政策方法，以帮助指导政策制定者解决这些问题并促进对数据抓取的更好理解。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "OECD launches new reporting framework for monitoring application of Hiroshima AI Process (HAIP) international code of conduct for organizations developing advanced AI systems", "url": "https://transparency.oecd.ai/?allow-access=1", "description": "As part of the G7 Hiroshima AI Process, the G7 launched a voluntary reporting framework to encourage transparency and accountability among organizations developing advanced AI systems. The results will facilitate transparency and comparability of risk mitigation measures and contribute to identifying and disseminating good practices.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经合组织推出新的报告框架，用于监测广岛人工智能进程（HAIP）的应用，这是开发先进人工智能系统的组织的国际行为准则", "description_zh": "经合组织推出了报告框架，用于监测广岛进程《先进人工智能系统开发组织国际行为准则》的应用情况。该报告框架鼓励开发先进人工智能系统的组织之间的透明度和问责制。结果将提高风险缓解措施的透明度和可比性，并有助于确定和传播良好做法。该框架是七国集团广岛人工智能进程的直接成果，该进程于 2023 年日本担任七国集团主席国期间启动，并于 2024 年意大利七国集团主席国期间进一步推进。它建立在广岛人工智能进程《开发先进人工智能系统组织国际行为准则》的基础上。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "OECD releases paper on assessing potential future AI risks, benefits and policy imperatives, including the top 10 policy priorities", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/ai-publications/futures", "description": "The swift evolution of AI technologies calls for policymakers to consider and proactively manage AI-driven change. The OECD’s Expert Group on AI Futures was established to help meet this need and anticipate AI developments and their potential impacts. Informed by insights from the Expert Group, this report distils research and expert insights on prospective AI benefits, risks and policy imperatives. It identifies ten priority benefits, such as accelerated scientific progress, productivity gains and better sense-making and forecasting. It discusses ten priority risks, such as facilitation of in", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经合组织发布关于评估未来人工智能潜在风险、收益和政策要求的文件，其中包括十大政策优先事项", "description_zh": "经合组织发布了一份报告，回顾了有关人工智能未来潜在收益、风险和政策行动的研究和专家观点。它由经合组织人工智能未来专家组（“专家组”）成员的贡献组成，该专家组由经合组织人工智能和新兴数字技术部门（AIEDT）和战略前瞻部门（SFU）共同支持。除其他发现外，该报告确定了 66 种潜在的政策方法来获得人工智能的好处并降低风险，其中十大政策优先事项是：（1）针对人工智能的危害制定更明确的规则，包括责任规则，以消除不确定性并促进采用； (2) 考虑限制或阻止人工智能某些“红线”使用的方法； （三）要求或推动公开部分类型人工智能系统的关键信息； （4）确保可能构成高风险的人工智能系统的整个生命周期都遵循风险管理程序； (5) 减轻人工智能开发和部署中可能限制公平竞争并导致损害的竞争动态，包括通过国际合作； （6）投资人工智能安全可信方法的研究，包括人工智能一致性、能力评估、可解释性、可解释性和透明度； (7) 促进教育、再培训和再培训机会，以帮助解决劳动力市场混乱和对人工智能技能日益增长的需求； (8) 赋予利益攸关方和社会权力，帮助建立信任和加强民主； （九）缓解权力过度集中； (10) 采取有针对性的行动来推进人工智能未来的具体效益。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "UNESCO, OECD and G7 release toolkit for AI in the public sector", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/g7-toolkit-for-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector_421c1244-en.html", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 15 October 2024 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联合国教科文组织、经合组织和七国集团发布公共部门人工智能工具包", "description_zh": "联合国教科文组织和经合组织在七国集团的贡献下，为政策制定者和公共部门领导人开发了一个工具包，将安全可靠和值得信赖的人工智能原则转化为可行的政策。该工具包的主要信息是：（1）根据预期效益制定明确的战略目标和行动计划； (2) 在制定策略和实施过程中纳入用户的声音； (3) 克服政府内部的孤立结构，实现有效治理； (4) 建立健全的框架以负责任地使用人工智能； (5) 提高成功的人工智能举措的可扩展性和可复制性； (6) 促进公共部门更系统地使用人工智能； (7) 采用渐进式和实验性的方法在公共部门部署和使用人工智能。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "OECD and UN announce next steps in collaboration on AI", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2024/09/oecd-and-un-announce-next-steps-in-collaboration-on-artificial-intelligence.html", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 22 September 2024 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织和联合国宣布人工智能合作的下一步措施", "description_zh": "经合组织副秘书长乌尔里克 (Vestergaard Knudsen) 和联合国秘书长技术特使副秘书长 (Amandeep Singh Gill) 宣布联合国与经合组织在全球人工智能治理方面加强新的合作。这两个组织将利用各自的网络、召集平台以及正在进行的人工智能政策和治理工作，支持其成员国和其他利益相关者努力培育全球包容性的人工智能方法。进一步的交付成果尚未公布，但据称此次合作“将侧重于常规科学和基于证据的人工智能风险和机遇评估”。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "AI Standards Hub and OECD collaborate to enhance OECD Catalogue of Tools and Metrics for Trustworthy AI", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/ai-standards-hub-oecd-catalogue-tools", "description": "We are delighted to announce that the AI Standards Hub and the OECD are working together to enhance the OECD Catalogue of Tools and Metrics for Trustworthy AI with AI-specific standards from the AI Standards Hub’s Standards Database. The Hub will continue to enrich the OECD Catalogue of Tools and Metrics as new standards become available.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能标准中心和经合组织合作增强经合组织可信赖人工智能工具和指标目录", "description_zh": "人工智能标准中心（Hub）与经合组织合作，利用人工智能标准中心标准数据库中的人工智能特定标准，增强了经合组织可信赖人工智能的工具和指标目录。随着新标准的出台，该中心将继续丰富经合组织工具和指标目录。该中心是艾伦图灵研究所 (ATI)、英国标准协会 (BSI) 和国家物理实验室 (NPL) 之间的合作伙伴关系。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "OECD opens consultation on risk thresholds for advanced AI systems", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/seeking-your-views-public-consultation-on-risk-thresholds-for-advanced-ai-systems-deadline-10-september", "description": "From the OECD Secretariat on behalf of OECD Expert Group on AI Futures Co-Chairs: Francesca Rossi , Stuart Russell , Michael Schönstein .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经合组织就先进人工智能系统的风险阈值展开磋商", "description_zh": "经合组织与各利益相关者合作，探索为先进人工智能系统建立风险阈值的潜在方法、机会和局限性。磋商将探讨以下问题：（1）有关人工智能风险阈值的相关出版物和资源，（2）基于计算能力的人工智能风险阈值的适当性，（3）替代人工智能风险阈值的价值和性质，（4）识别、设置和测量人工智能风险阈值的策略，（5）超过人工智能风险阈值的系统的要求，（6）经合组织和合作者在设计和实施人工智能风险阈值时的考虑因素。磋商将于 2024 年 9 月 10 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 July 2024", "title": "OECD opens consultation into application of Hiroshima Process Code of Conduct", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/G7", "description": "Primary source (oecd.ai) dated 22 July 2024 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经合组织就广岛进程行为准则的适用展开磋商", "description_zh": "经济合作与发展组织（OECD）已就开发先进人工智能系统的组织适用广岛进程国际行为准则（行为准则）展开公众咨询。磋商的要点包括：(1) 评估组织如何遵守基于风险的行为准则，以实现安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能；(2) 收集有关《行为准则》重点关注组织开发基础模型和生成人工智能等高级人工智能系统的高级原则的意见；(3) 收集对《行为准则》内容的反馈，包括风险识别、评估和管理、透明度报告、内容认证、国际互操作性以及个人数据的标准和保护。磋商将于 2024 年 9 月 6 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "OECD updates AI Principles to stay abreast of rapid technological developments", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2024/05/oecd-updates-ai-principles-to-stay-abreast-of-rapid-technological-developments.html", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 3 May 2024 in OECD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织更新人工智能原则以跟上技术的快速发展", "description_zh": "经合组织通过了对具有里程碑意义的《经合组织人工智能原则》的修订。更新后的原则包括（1）更直接地解决涉及隐私的人工智能相关挑战，（2）知识产权，（3）安全，（4）信息完整性，以及（5）确保适用于全球人工智能发展的一般范围。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "FRAMEWORK", "title": "OECD AI Principles (2019)", "url": "https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449", "description": "Primary source (legalinstruments.oecd.org): OECD Legal Instruments.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai", "Labor & Workforce", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "AI Governance", "Transparency & Explainability", "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织人工智能原则（2019）", "description_zh": "经合组织人工智能原则提倡使用创新、值得信赖、尊重人权和民主价值观的人工智能。它们于 2019 年 5 月通过并于 2024 年 5 月更新，为人工智能制定了实用且灵活的标准，足以经受时间的考验。基于价值观的原则包括 (1) 促进包容性增长、可持续发展和福祉，(2) 尊重人权和民主价值观，(3) 确保透明度和可解释性，(4) 稳健性、安全性和安全性，以及 (5) 促进问责和责任。给政策制定者的建议包括（1）投资人工智能研究和开发，（2）培育包容性的人工智能生态系统，（3）为人工智能打造有利的可互操作的治理和政策环境，（4）建设人员能力并为劳动力市场转型做好准备，以及（5）为值得信赖的人工智能开展国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 185, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "COE", "title": "Council of Europe", "entries": [ { "title": "The Steering Committee for Education (CDEDU) approves a landmark framework on AI Literacy - Education", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/education/-/the-steering-committee-for-education-cdedu-approves-a-landmark-framework-on-ai-literacy", "description": "The Steering Committee for Education (CDEDU) of the Council of Europe approved at its 9th Plenary Session (18–20 March 2026, Strasbourg) a draft Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Council of Europe Contributes to the Privacy Symposium 2026 - Artificial Intelligence - www.coe.int", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/-/council-of-europe-contributes-to-the-privacy-symposium-2026", "description": "During his intervention Mr Mario HERNÁNDEZ RAMOS underscored the transformative impact of AI across sectors and emphasised the general principles and standards enshrined in the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Thematic Conference - Steering Committee on New and Emerging Digital Technologies - Artificial Intelligence - www.coe.int", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/thematic-conference-steering-committee-on-new-and-emerging-digital-technologies", "description": "He is a former Chair (2021-2024) and former Vice-Chair (2024-2025) of the Council of Europe’s Committee on AI (CAI), which negotiated and adopted the Framework Convention. He is a Bureau Member of the Council of Europe’s Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (he was its Chair in 2018-19 and Vice-Chair in 2020-21). He chaired several CDMSI expert groups. He has also been a member of the bureau of the CoE’s Ad Hoc Committee on Artificial Intelligence in 2019-2021.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe approve HUDERIA Model", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/huderia-methodology-and-model-adopted-provisional-version-2026/48802ac001", "description": "Primary source (rm.coe.int) dated 25 February 2026 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会部长委员会批准HUDERIA模型", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会部长委员会批准了 HUDERIA（人工智能系统的人权、民主和法治影响评估）模型，该模型补充了 2024 年采用的 HUDERIA 方法，为其实施提供了支持材料和资源，包括灵活的工具、说明性资源以及与基于情境的风险分析 (COBRA)、利益相关者参与流程、风险和影响评估以及缓解计划等要素相关的可扩展建议；然而，这些资源并不是作为最佳实践示例提供的，也没有建立最低标准，但可以作为开发在线平台或结构化工作流程等交互式工具的基础，以帮助对人工智能系统进行风险和影响评估。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Council of Europe publishes policy guidelines on AI and algorithm-driven discrimination for equality bodies and other national human rights structures", "url": "https://edoc.coe.int/en/artificial-intelligence/12396-european-policy-guidelines-on-ai-and-algorithm-driven-discrimination-for-equality-bodies-and-other-national-human-rights-structures.html", "description": "As artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems become embedded in public administration and key private sectors, these guidelines empower equality bodies to identify, prevent and address discrimination, ensuring AI deployment complies with fundamental rights across Europe.Public administrations across Europe are using artificial intelligence (AI) and/or automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a wide range of policy areas, including migration, welfare, justice, education, employment, tax, law enforcement or healthcare. Such systems are also deployed in critical areas of the", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会为平等机构和其他国家人权机构发布关于人工智能和算法驱动的歧视的政策指南", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会发布了《关于平等机构和其他国家人权结构的人工智能和算法驱动歧视的欧洲政策指南》，以协助机构识别、预防和解决人工智能和自动决策系统带来的歧视。该指南建议应用《欧盟人工智能法案》和《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》等法规，强调平等机构和国家人权结构在保障基本权利方面的作用，特别是在公共部门。他们详细介绍了被禁止的人工智能系统，对高风险人工智能系统进行分类，概述了透明度和数据库要求，并讨论了执行机制，为预防和解决算法歧视提供了政策建议。该指南还分析了欧盟关于平等机构标准的新指令，并就人工智能在执法和教育等领域的使用提供了专题见解，确保适应不同国家背景，同时促进遵守欧洲平等和非歧视法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Council of Europe Deputy Secretary General warns of AI threats to democracy", "url": "https://www.coe.int/be/web/portal/-/council-of-europe-deputy-secretary-general-warns-of-ai-threats-to-democracy", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 15 December 2025 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会副秘书长警告人工智能对民主的威胁", "description_zh": "议员、政策制定者、专家、人工智能专业人士、学者和非政府组织代表在伦敦威斯敏斯特举行会议，呼吁议会在制定人工智能的开发、应用和监管方面发挥更强有力的作用，以确保遵守民主价值观和人权。欧洲委员会副秘书长 Bjørn Berge 在会议开幕式上表示，人工智能已经改变了公民形成意见以及议会代表与公众沟通的方式。他强调，人工智能还放大了外国信息操纵和干扰的风险，并指出“在某些情况下，他们利用人工智能破坏自由和公正的选举，来打击民主的核心”。副秘书长强调了采取集体行动的必要性：“鉴于人工智能无国界，我们需要共同努力，确保我们的民主进程随着信息生态系统的发展而保持弹性，并以人权为核心。自动化系统应该帮助人类，而不是取代人类。”在伦敦英国议会举行的会议提供了一个交流最佳实践、澄清议会在人工智能治理中的作用以及动员对欧洲委员会人工智能框架公约的支持的平台。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina signs the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/home/-/asset_publisher/zndsEJ9HsDB3/content/bosnia-and-herzegovina-signs-the-council-of-europe-s-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence?_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_assetEntryId=294054361&_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fartificial-intelligence%2Fhome%3Fp_p_id%3Dcom_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_cur%3D0%26p_r_p_resetCur%3Dfalse%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_assetEntryId%3D294054361%23p_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 9 December 2025 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那签署欧洲委员会人工智能框架公约", "description_zh": "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那签署了欧洲委员会《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》。迄今为止，签署者总数达到 18 人。该框架公约是有史以来第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，旨在确保人工智能系统的使用完全符合人权、民主和法治。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2 September 2025", "title": "Uruguay signs Council of Europe’s global AI treaty", "url": "https://www.coe.int/be/web/portal/-/uruguay-signs-council-of-europe-s-global-ai-treaty", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 2 September 2025 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌拉圭签署欧洲委员会全球人工智能条约", "description_zh": "乌拉圭签署了欧洲委员会《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》，这是第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，旨在确保人工智能系统的使用完全符合人权、民主和法治。乌拉圭成为第一个签署该条约的拉丁美洲国家，从而加入迄今为止签署该条约的另外 16 个签署国（11 个欧洲委员会成员国，以及加拿大、以色列、日本、美国和欧盟）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 June 2025", "title": "European Commission seeks approval to conclude the Council of Europe AI Convention through the EU AI Act", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2025)265&lang=en", "description": "Primary source (ec.europa.eu): Register of Commission Documents.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会寻求批准通过《欧盟人工智能法案》缔结欧洲委员会人工智能公约", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会代表欧盟发布了一份关于缔结《欧洲委员会人工智能、人权、民主和法治框架公约》（《人工智能公约》）的理事会决定的提案。该提案寻求批准通过欧盟现有的人工智能法案缔结（即正式实施）人工智能公约，这将使该公约在欧盟内具有完全的法律效力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Switzerland signs Council of Europe's AI Convention", "url": "https://www.uvek.admin.ch/uvek/de/home/uvek/medien/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-104646.html", "description": "Primary source (uvek.admin.ch) dated 27 March 2025 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士签署欧洲委员会人工智能公约", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能（AI）与人权、民主和法治公约》。签署后，瑞士将准备必要的立法修正案。联邦司法和警察部 (FDJP) 与联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部 (DETEC) 以及联邦外交部 (FDFA) 合作，准备起草一份咨询草案，并于 2026 年底之前提交。DETEC 还负责制定一项实施计划，以在 2026 年底前制定不具法律约束力的措施，以实施《公约》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "Switzerland to ratify Council of Europe Convention", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html", "description": "Bern, 12.2.2025 - Switzerland intends to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and to make the necessary amendments to Swiss law. Work will also continue on the regulation of AI in specific sectors such as healthcare and transport. The Federal Council spoke out in favour of this approach at its meeting on 12 February.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士将批准欧洲委员会公约", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会宣布打算批准欧洲委员会人工智能公约，并对瑞士法律进行必要的修改。医疗保健和交通等特定领域的人工智能监管工作也将继续进行。就下一步而言，联邦司法和警察部 (FDJP) 与联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部 (DETEC) 以及联邦外交部 (FDFA) 将于 2026 年底前起草一份咨询草案，通过确定必要的法律措施来实施欧洲委员会的《人工智能公约》，特别是在透明度、数据保护、非歧视和监督领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Canada and Japan sign Council of Europe’s global treaty on AI", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/canada-and-japan-sign-council-of-europe-s-first-ever-global-treaty-on-ai", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 11 February 2025 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和日本签署欧洲委员会人工智能全球条约", "description_zh": "在法国人工智能行动峰会欧洲委员会会外活动之前举行的仪式上，加拿大和日本与其他十一个签署国一起签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 November 2024", "title": "Council of Europe releases HUDERIA methodology for AI", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/cai-2024-16rev2-methodology-for-the-risk-and-impact-assessment-of-arti/1680b2a09f", "description": "Primary source (rm.coe.int) dated 28 November 2024 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会发布 HUDERIA 人工智能方法", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会人工智能委员会发布了 HUDERIA 方法，这是一种独立的、不具有法律约束力的指南，可供公共和私人参与者使用，以帮助识别和解决人工智能系统整个生命周期中对人权、民主和法治的风险和影响。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Council of Europe opens first ever global treaty on AI for signature", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/council-of-europe-opens-first-ever-global-treaty-on-ai-for-signature", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 5 September 2024 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会开放首个全球人工智能条约供签署", "description_zh": "《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》（CETS No. 225）（框架公约）在维尔纽斯举行的欧洲委员会司法部长会议期间开放供签署。这是有史以来第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，旨在确保人工智能系统的使用完全符合人权、民主和法治。世界各地的国家都有资格加入并承诺遵守其规定。迄今为止，《框架公约》已由安道尔、格鲁吉亚、冰岛、挪威、摩尔多瓦共和国、圣马力诺、英国以及以色列、美利坚合众国和欧盟签署。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Council of Europe adopts first international treaty on artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/council-of-europe-adopts-first-international-treaty-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 17 May 2024 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会通过第一个人工智能国际条约", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会通过了第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，以确保人工智能系统使用过程中的人权、法治和民主。该条约被称为《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》，在斯特拉斯堡举行的欧洲委员会部长委员会年度部长级会议上获得通过。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "Council of Europe finalises Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law Framework Convention", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/artificial-intelligence-human-rights-democracy-and-the-rule-of-law-framework-convention", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 15 March 2024 in COE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲委员会敲定《人工智能、人权、民主和法治框架公约》", "description_zh": "欧洲委员会人工智能委员会最终确定了《人工智能、人权、民主和法治框架公约》。该条约旨在确保人工智能的发展遵守欧洲委员会在人权、民主和法治方面的法律标准。该条约涵盖人工智能系统的整个生命周期，预计将在稍后阶段获得通过并开放签署。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 16, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "BH", "title": "Bahrain", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "Digital Cooperation Organization Generative Artificial Intelligence Initiative", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.sa/ar/news/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Saudi Arabian Minister of Communications and Information Technology announced the launch of the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) initiative for all members of the Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO). The initiative, under the International Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Ethics (ICAIRE), aims to support generative AI research, raise awareness of generative AI ethics, and develop and govern generative AI policies. It also seeks to promote and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "title": "Morocco-Digital Cooperation Organisation Memorandum of Understanding on Human-Centred Digital Cooperation", "url": "https://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-seals-several-agreements-promote-ai", "description": "On 3 July 2025, Morocco and the Digital Cooperation Organisation (DCO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Human-Centred Digital Cooperation during the First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Salé. The MoU establishes a framework for collaboration on ethical, equitable and inclusive digital transformation and supports innovation, capacity building and regional cooperation. It provides for the implementation of the We-Elevate programme to strengthen the participation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Poland accession process to the Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO)", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/polska-przystepuje-do-digital-cooperation-organization-dco--nowy-rozdzial-w-globalnej-wspolpracy-cyfrowej", "description": "On 18 February 2025, the Polish Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Digital Affairs provided the Digital Cooperation Organization (DCO) with a letter of intent to join the organisation. In joining the DCO, Poland would work with other Member States to jointly develop digital standards and promote global access to technologies, with areas of cooperation including cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and digital administration. There were also high-level discussions on technological cooper...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波兰加入数字合作组织 (DCO) 的进程", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 18 日，波兰副总理兼数字事务部长向数字合作组织（DCO）提交了加入该组织的意向书。通过加入DCO，波兰将与其他成员国合作，共同制定数字标准并促进全球技术获取，合作领域包括网络安全、人工智能和数字管理。双方还就技术合作进行了高层讨论..." }, { "date": "26 July 2025", "title": "Bahrain launches National Policy for the Use of Artificial Intelligence, adopts GCC ethical manual", "url": "https://www.iga.gov.bh/article/bahrain-launches-national-ai-policy-and-adopts-gcc-ethics-manual", "description": "في إطار اهتمام ومتابعة الحكومة الموقرة، وتنفيذًا لتوجيهات معالي الفريق أول الشيخ راشد بن عبد الله آل خليفة، وزير الداخلية، رئيس اللجنة الوزارية لتقنية المعلومات والاتصالات، أعلنت هيئة المعلومات والحكومة الإلكترونية عن تدشين السياسة الوطنية للذكاء الاصطناعي عبر الموقع الإلكتروني الرسمي للهيئة www.iga.gov.bh، وتبني الميثاق الاسترشادي لأخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي المعتمد من قبل اللجنة الوزارية للحكومة الإلكترونية بدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية، وذلك بهدف وضع إطار متكامل لتنظيم استخدام هذه التقنية في مملكة البحرين وضمان الاستفادة منها بصورة تتماشى مع الأهداف الوطنية.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴林推出国家人工智能使用政策，采用海湾合作委员会道德手册", "description_zh": "信息和电子政务管理局（iGA）推出了人工智能（AI）使用国家政策，并宣布通过海湾合作委员会人工智能道德使用指导手册。这项举措是根据内政部长兼信息和通信技术部长委员会主席谢赫·拉希德·本·阿卜杜拉·阿勒哈利法将军的指示实施的，反映了沙特王国致力于建立一个负责任和合乎道德地使用人工智能的综合框架的承诺。该国家政策针对政府官员、数字服务开发商、决策者、学者、研究人员和智能政府服务的受益者。它侧重于四个关键支柱：遵守相关法律和政策、鼓励政府采用人工智能、为员工提供人工智能知识和技能以及加强合作伙伴关系以支持创新。 《海湾合作委员会人工智能道德使用指导手册》是国家政策的补充框架，反映了强调尊重人类尊严、符合伊斯兰原则和国家认同以及对可持续发展、合作和人类福祉的承诺的共同区域价值观。它建立在四项核心道德原则的基础上：保障人类决策自主权、确保安全和预防伤害、促进公平和平等以及保护隐私和数据完整性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "Bahrain and Algeria seeks Arab AI regulation deal", "url": "https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/106296.html#google_vignette", "description": "Bahrain and Algeria are advancing efforts to establish an Arab framework agreement aimed at creating unified regulations for artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technology. Discussions took place during the sidelines of the 2024 United Nations Internet Governance Forum in Riyadh.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴林和阿尔及利亚寻求阿拉伯人工智能监管协议", "description_zh": "据报道，在 2024 年联合国互联网治理论坛期间，巴林和阿尔及利亚代表讨论了建立阿拉伯框架协议的努力，旨在为人工智能和数字技术制定统一的法规。如果实施，该协议将承诺参与国采用人工智能及相关技术的开发和应用的共同标准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 November 2024", "title": "Bahrain government pushes back on draft AI law, preferring regulatory sandboxes instead", "url": "https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/105401.html", "description": "Existing laws already address many of the aims of Bahrain’s proposed AI regulation bill, the government has said in a written letter to Parliament, while suggesting a ‘Regulatory Sandbox’ to safely test new technologies. Officials argue that this approach avoids redundancy and keeps oversight practical.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴林政府推迟人工智能法草案，转而选择监管沙箱", "description_zh": "据报道，巴林政府已向议会提交了一封书面信函，建议根据现有立法，人工智能法草案（由协商委员会提议）可能是多余的。政府认为，现行法律，例如《电子通信和交易法》（2018年）、《个人数据保护法》（2018年）、《网络犯罪法》（2014年）和《民法典》（2001年），已经解决了拟议的人工智能监管的许多目标。政府建议完善现有立法并实施“监管沙盒”方法，以安全地测试新的人工智能技术，同时避免可能造成混乱和执行挑战的重叠规则，而不是引入新的独立法律。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "Bahrain proposes new AI law", "url": "https://www.newsofbahrain.com/bahrain/102767.html", "description": "Bahrain is taking a proactive approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) with a new proposed law that aims to establish a comprehensive legal framework for the emerging technology. Ali Al Shahabi, a member of the Shura Council and Vice-President of its Human Rights Committee, highlighted the importance of this legislation in a recent interview with our sister newspaper Alayam.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴林提出新的人工智能法", "description_zh": "据报道，巴林有一项监管人工智能的拟议法律，已获得协商会议批准，目前正在送交行政部门审议。该法律包括（1）设立专门部门来监督人工智能的发展，（2）保护投资者和个人（包括保护隐私和其他基本人权，以及保护儿童），（3）最大限度地减少利用并促进负责任的人工智能开发和部署的具体准则和要求，（4）禁止人工智能在关键领域取代人类，（5）规定对人工智能开发活动进行许可，同时禁止未经许可的操作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Bahrain approves comprehensive AI law", "url": "https://en.incarabia.com/bahrain-approves-comprehensive-ai-regulation-law-652890.html", "description": "Bahrain's Shura Council has unanimously approved a law aimed at regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) within the country. The new legislation, consisting of 38 articles, introduces penalties for violations, including imprisonment for no less than three years or fines. [1]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴林批准全面的人工智能法", "description_zh": "巴林协商会议一致批准了一项旨在规范该国人工智能使用的法律。据报道，新立法将 (1) 遏制与人工智能相关的非法活动，包括篡改生物识别、侵犯隐私和歧视，罚款从 1,000 沙特里亚尔（2,653 美元）到 10,000 沙特里亚尔（26,526 美元）不等； （二）将利用人工智能可能导致社会动荡或政治骚乱的行为定为刑事犯罪，处三年以上有期徒刑； (3) 扩大对资源用于人工智能相关犯罪活动的机构的责任，并处以永久关闭等处罚； (4) 建立专门的人工智能部门来强制执行合规性。管理行政章程也将在六个月内发布，以明确分类和操作程序。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 8, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "048" }, { "id": "BB", "title": "Barbados", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "052" }, { "id": "BE", "title": "Belgium", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-05-20", "title": "Belgian data protection agency approves transnational GDPR code of conduct", "url": "https://www.dataprotectionauthority.be/citizen/the-be-dpa-approves-its-first-european-code-of-conduct", "description": "The Code aims to create comparability between different data processing practices in the cloud industry and to improve upon the state of the art for data protection by cloud service providers. It includes data subject rights as well as minimum security and transparency requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-20", "title": "Data Protection Authority Cookie Checklist", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2023/10/20/lapd-publie-une-checklist-pour-une-utilisation-correcte-des-cookies", "description": "On 20 October 2023, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD) published a cookie checklist directed at organisations to ensure their cookies and other tracking mechanisms policies are in compliance with the law. The APD clarifies that all cookies except strictly necessary ones need consent, and consent has to be given in advance, free, specific, informed, unambiguous, and active.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "GBA investigation into Black Tiger Belgium for alleged GDPR violations", "url": "https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/gba-sanctioneert-gegevensbeheerder-black-tiger-belgium-wegens-gebrek-aan-transparantie", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (GBA) imposed a total of EUR 174'640 in administrative fines and corrective measures on Black Tiger Belgium, a big data and data management company, for multiple breaches of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GBA found that the company had unfairly processed personal data without proactively and transparently informing the data subjects. The company was also found to have violated the rights of data subjects and failed ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-15", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into processing of personal information for personalised advertising", "url": "https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/publications/beslissing-ten-gronde-nr.-46-2024.pdf", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Disputes Chamber of the Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued a ruling in an investigation following a complaint on the processing of personal data, including the content of payment transactions, for building models to offer “personalised discounts”. The ruling states that according to Article 5 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), processing of personalised data for purposes other than those for which the personal data was initially collected is permitted...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Brochure on Artificial Intelligence Systems and the GDPR", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2024/09/19/l-apd-publie-une-brochure-informative-et-un-dossier-thematique-dedies-a-l-ia", "description": "On 19 September 2024, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (ADP) published a Brochure on Artificial Intelligence Systems and the GDPR, which focuses on the interplay between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the AI Act following the latter's entry into force on 1 August 2024. In particular, the Brochure highlights the importance of aligning AI systems with data protection principles while addressing challenges related to privacy, transparency, and accountability. Furthermore,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into RTL Belgium's cookie banner", "url": "https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/publications/beslissing-ten-gronde-nr.-131-2024.pdf", "description": "On 11 October 2024, The Data Protection Authority issued a decision in case no. 131/2024 regarding a complaint against RTL Belgium’s cookie banner. This complaint was lodged by a representative from Noyb (European Center for Digital Rights), alleging that RTL's cookie banner contravened both the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Belgian law. The complaint specifically highlighted that RTL's banner did not offer equal choices for users to \"Accept All\" and \"Refuse All\" cookies at th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-05", "title": "Safeguards for \"consent or pay\" models in the updated Recommendation (01/2020) on direct marketing", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2025/03/10/consultation-publique-relative-au-marketing-direct", "description": "On 10 May 2025, the Data Protection Authority (APD) closes its consultation on the updated recommendation on direct marketing. The update builds on Recommendation 01/2020 and takes into account developments in case law, regulatory decisions and guidance from the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). An addition to the updated Recommendation is the assessment of \"consent or pay\" models, where users must either consent to data processing for targeted advertising or pay a fee for an ad-free exp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into NOYB complaints", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2025/06/26/l-apd-explique-pourquoi-elle-classe-sans-suite-des-plaintes-de-noyb", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Litigation Chamber of the Belgian Data Protection Authority (APD) dismissed 16 complaints across five cases filed by NOYB, an Austrian privacy advocacy group, on procedural grounds under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The APD clarified that Belgian law permits associations to lodge complaints only as representatives of identifiable data subjects, not in their own name. The APD noted that NOYB’s complaints involved automated identification of alleged violat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 January 2021", "title": "Consultation regarding the recommendations on the processing of biometric data", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2021/07/15/consultation-publique-recommandation-sur-le-traitement-des-donnees-biometriques", "description": "The Belgian Supervisory Authority (SA) closes its consultation on recommendations regarding the processing of biometric data on September 1, 2021. The consultation period opened on July 15, 2021. The recommendation's stated goal is to instruct data controllers on how to interpret data protection law and in particular the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Specifically, the scope of Art. 9 GDPR is addressed. Finally, the SA recommends a general prohibition of secondary use of biometric...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于生物识别数据处理建议的咨询", "description_zh": "比利时监管机构 (SA) 于 2021 年 9 月 1 日结束对有关生物特征数据处理的建议的咨询。咨询期于 2021 年 7 月 15 日开始。该建议的既定目标是指导数据控制者如何解释数据保护法，特别是《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。具体来说，艺术的范围。 9 GDPR 已得到解决。最后，SA 建议全面禁止生物识别的二次使用……" }, { "date": "19 August 2021", "title": "Encryption ruled as sufficient supplementary measure for US-EU data transfer by Belgian Council of State", "url": "http://www.raadvst-consetat.be/Arresten/251000/300/251378.pdf#xml=http://www.raadvst-consetat.be/apps/dtsearch/getpdf.asp", "description": "On 19 August 2021, the Council of State ruled that encryption is a valid supplementary measure to transfer data to the US when adequate technical and organizational measures are implemented. On 10 August 2021, a Dutch company had challenged the decision of the Flemish Region to grant a tender to an EU company (Viavan) that relies on the cloud services of Amazon Web Service (AWS). The company contested that such a decision violated the Schrems II decision because Viavan relies on AWS services ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比利时国务委员会裁定加密是美国-欧盟数据传输的充分补充措施", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 19 日，国务委员会裁定，在采取足够的技术和组织措施的情况下，加密是向美国传输数据的有效补充措施。 2021 年 8 月 10 日，一家荷兰公司对佛兰德地区向一家依赖亚马逊网络服务 (AWS) 云服务的欧盟公司 (Viavan) 进行招标的决定提出质疑。该公司辩称，这样的决定违反了 Schrems II 的决定，因为 Viavan 依赖于 AWS 服务……" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "APD investigation into IAB Transparency and Consent Framework regarding GDPR compliance", "url": "https://www.dataprotectionauthority.be/citizen/the-market-court-rules-in-the-iab-europe-case", "description": "On 14 May 2025, the Belgian Market Court ruled in the case between the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) and Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) Europe regarding the Transparency and Consent Framework (TCF). The ruling followed the Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU) judgment of 7 March 2024 (case C-604/22), which confirmed that the TC String constitutes personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and designated IAB Europe as a joint data controller. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "APD 对 IAB 透明度和同意框架有关 GDPR 合规性的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 14 日，比利时市场法院就比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 与欧洲互动广告局 (IAB) 之间有关透明度和同意框架 (TCF) 的案件做出裁决。该裁决是在欧盟法院 (CJEU) 于 2024 年 3 月 7 日做出的判决（案件 C-604/22）之后做出的，该判决确认 TC String 构成《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 规定的个人数据，并指定 IAB Europe 作为联合数据控制者。特..." }, { "date": "27 April 2022", "title": "Lawsuit concerning Data Sharing Requirements for Financial Transactions (Airbnb v Brussels-Capital Region)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=258321&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=307076", "description": "On 27 April 2022, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled on Case C-674/20, where the involved parties are Airbnb Ireland and the City of Brussels. Airbnb Ireland alleged that it is illegal for Belgian tax authorities to request tourist accommodation transactions. The CJEU ruled that the request is legal because the data-sharing requirements for the field of taxation differ from requirements that fall under the scope of the e-Commerce Directive.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于金融交易数据共享要求的诉讼（Airbnb 诉布鲁塞尔首都地区）", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 27 日，欧盟法院 (CJEU) 对案件 C-674/20 作出裁决，涉案各方为 Airbnb Ireland 和布鲁塞尔市。 Airbnb Ireland 声称，比利时税务机关要求游客进行住宿交易是违法的。欧盟法院裁定该请求合法，因为税收领域的数据共享要求与电子商务指令范围内的要求不同。" }, { "date": "25 May 2022", "title": "Data protection investigation regarding cookie use of Roularta Media Group", "url": "https://www.gegevensbeschermingsautoriteit.be/publications/beslissing-ten-gronde-nr.-85-2022.pdf", "description": "On 25 May 2022, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) concluded its investigation of Roularta Media Group for GDPR-compliance by imposing a fine of EUR 50'000. The DPA found that the news websites knack.be and levif.be, which are run by Roularta, violated the GDPR in their cookie use. Specifically, the websites did not comply with the requirement of obtaining prior consent for cookie use from users. Cookies that were not strictly necessary were applied before consent was obtained, viola...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Roularta Media Group cookie 使用的数据保护调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 25 日，比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 结束了对 Roularta Media Group GDPR 合规性的调查，并处以 50,000 欧元的罚款。 DPA 发现，Roularta 运营的新闻网站 knack.be 和 levif.be 在 cookie 使用方面违反了 GDPR。具体来说，这些网站没有遵守使用 cookie 需事先征得用户同意的要求。在获得同意之前应用了并非绝对必要的 Cookie，中提琴......" }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning third party right to appeal decisions from the Belgian Data Protection Authority", "url": "https://www.const-court.be/public/f/2023/2023-005f.pdf", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Belgian Constitutional Court issued a ruling stating that any interested third party is entitled to bring an appeal against a decision from the Belgian Data Protection Authority before the Market Court. The Constitutional Court issued its ruling based on Article 78 of the General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR), which grants natural and legal persons the right to an effective judicial remedy against a legally binding decision of a supervisory authority concerning ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于第三方对比利时数据保护局的决定提出上诉的权利的诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 12 日，比利时宪法法院发布裁决，指出任何感兴趣的第三方均有权就比利时数据保护局的决定向市场法院提起上诉。宪法法院根据《通用数据保护条例》(EU GDPR) 第 78 条作出裁决，该条例赋予自然人和法人针对监管机构有关……的具有法律约束力的决定寻求有效司法救济的权利。" }, { "date": "2 August 2023", "title": "Bill on the retention of personal data including traffic and location data", "url": "https://www.chd.lu/fr/dossier/8148", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Bill regarding the retention of personal data (Bill 8148) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill's objective is to control the storage and usage of traffic and location data by establishing rules and conditions for obtaining and utilising electronic communications data in criminal investigations. The Bill intends to balance the need for national security, including the prevention of criminal activities and risks to public safety, with the protection of cit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于保留个人数据（包括流量和位置数据）的法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 8 日，众议院提交了有关保留个人数据的法案（第 8148 号法案）。该法案的目标是通过制定在刑事调查中获取和使用电子通信数据的规则和条件来控制流量和位置数据的存储和使用。该法案旨在平衡国家安全的需要，包括预防犯罪活动和公共安全风险，与保护公民……" }, { "date": "17 May 2023", "title": "FSMA Regulation subjecting to restrictive conditions the marketing of virtual currencies to consumers", "url": "https://www.fsma.be/sites/default/files/media/files/2023-03/reglem_05-01-2023.pdf", "description": "On 17 May 2023, the Regulation of the Belgium Financial Services and Markets Authority (FSMA), subjecting to restrictive conditions the marketing of virtual currencies to consumers, was implemented. The Regulation outlines transparency obligations for entities marketing or advertising virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin or Ether, to customers in Belgium. In particular, the Regulation requires advertisements to include a disclaimer outlining the risks of cryptocurrency investments and provide ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FSMA 法规规定向消费者营销虚拟货币需遵守限制条件", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 17 日，比利时金融服务和市场管理局 (FSMA) 实施了针对向消费者营销虚拟货币的限制性条件的法规。该法规概述了实体向比利时客户营销或广告虚拟货币（例如比特币或以太币）的透明度义务。特别是，该法规要求广告包含概述加密货币投资风险的免责声明，并提供......" }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "DPA investigation into the transfer of tax data from Belgium to US under Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.dataprotectionauthority.be/belgian-dpa-prohibits-the-transfer-of-tax-data-of-belgian-accidental-americans-to-the-usa", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) Litigation Chamber issued its ruling in the investigation into the transfer of tax data from Belgium to the United States under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DPA ruled that the FATCA agreement doesn't comply with the GDPR, noting that the transfer of tax data violates the principles principle of purpose, data minimisation and proportionality of GDPR. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPA 对根据《外国账户税务合规法》以及 GDPR 规定将税务数据从比利时传输到美国的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 诉讼分庭就根据《外国账户税收合规法》(FATCA) 和《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 将税务数据从比利时转移到美国的调查发布了裁决。 DPA 裁定 FATCA 协议不符合 GDPR，并指出税务数据的传输违反了 GDPR 的目的性、数据最小化和相称性原则。 ..." }, { "date": "10 April 2023", "title": "DPA investigation into Google's dismissal of an erasure request compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/publications/classement-sans-suite-n-138-2023.pdf", "description": "On 4 October 2023, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) closed an investigation into Google’s dismissal of an erasure request compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) following an individual complaint alleging that his rights under Article 17 on the right to erasure were violated. The DPA closed the case, stating that the erasure request concerned the professional activity of an individual with a role in public life and was published by journalistic sources. Furthe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPA 对 Google 驳回符合 GDPR 要求的删除请求的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 4 日，比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 结束了对 Google 依据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 拒绝删除请求的调查，此前有个人投诉称其根据第 17 条关于删除权的权利受到侵犯。 DPA 结案，表示删除请求涉及在公共生活中发挥作用的个人的专业活动，并由新闻来源发布。进一步..." }, { "date": "22 December 2023", "title": "Belgian DPA investigation into Google concerning right of erasure", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/publications/decision-quant-au-fond-n-171-2023.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued a decision and closed its investigation into Google concerning the right of erasure. The investigation concerned a complaint by an individual seeking to have links removed from Google Search, which contained accusations against the company of which the complainant was a director. The DPA stated that the right to erasure in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is based on balancing the individual’s right to data p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 对谷歌有关删除权的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 22 日，比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 发布决定，结束对谷歌有关删除权的调查。该调查涉及一名个人提出的投诉，要求从 Google 搜索中删除链接，其中包含针对投诉人担任董事的公司的指控。 DPA 表示，《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 中的删除权是基于平衡个人数据保护权..." }, { "date": "2 May 2024", "title": "CSA inquiry into availability of harmful content on the Online Plattform X", "url": "https://www.csa.be/123778/les-contenus-pornographiques-circulent-quasi-librement-sur-x-twitter/", "description": "On 5 February 2024, the Superior Audiovisual Council (CSA) released findings from its inquiry on harmful online content conducted in the context of the Digital Services Act (DSA). The focus was specifically on pornographic content from French-speaking accounts on platform X, monitored from 6 September to 11 December 2023. Out of nearly 5'000 flagged items, 1'041 were reviewed by CSA, with 89% being identified as clearly pornographic. The CSA noted that despite this, only about 10% of these ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CSA 对在线平台 X 上是否存在有害内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 5 日，高级视听委员会 (CSA) 发布了根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 进行的有害在线内容调查的结果。重点特别是 X 平台上法语账户的色情内容，监控时间为 2023 年 9 月 6 日至 12 月 11 日。在近 5,000 个标记项目中，CSA 审查了 1,041 个项目，其中 89% 被确定为明显色情内容。 CSA 指出，尽管如此，其中只有约 10%..." }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit alleging unlawful shadow ban on Facebook (Meta v Tom Vandendriessche)", "url": "https://www.tribunaux-rechtbanken.be/sites/default/files/media/hbca/gent/files/20240603-persbericht-meta-moet-schadevergoeding-betalen-aan-politicus.pdf", "description": "On 3 June 2024, the Court of Appeal in Ghent issued its ruling regarding a lawsuit alleging an unlawful shadow ban on Facebook (Meta v Tom Vandendriessche). Meta must pay EUR 27'279 to a Belgian politician for the advertising costs incurred due to a shadow ban imposed on his Facebook page from February to December 2021. Additionally, Meta must pay EUR 500 for reputational damage. The Court stated that Meta's actions reduced the page's organic reach and temporarily restricted the advertising a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "指控 Facebook 非法影子禁令的诉讼（Meta v Tom Vandendriessche）", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 3 日，根特上诉法院就指控 Facebook 非法影子禁令的诉讼（Meta 诉 Tom Vandendriessche）作出裁决。 Meta 必须向一名比利时政客支付 27'279 欧元，用于支付因 2021 年 2 月至 12 月期间对其 Facebook 页面实施影子禁令而产生的广告费用。此外，Meta 还必须支付 500 欧元的声誉损害赔偿。法院表示，Meta 的行为降低了该页面的有机覆盖范围，并暂时限制了广告投放……" }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "Law establishing a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems of general interest for public security implementing the NIS-2 (2022/2555) Directive", "url": "https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/article.pl?language=fr&sum_date=2024-05-17&lg_txt=f&caller=sum&s_editie=1&2024202344=4&numac_search=2024202344&view_numac=2024202344f", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Act establishing a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems of general interest for public security, enters into force. The Act transposes the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 into national legislation. It mandates entities to register with the Centre for Cybersecurity Belgium and implement technical, operational, and organisational measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks. Finally, the Act outlines penalties for non-compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为公共安全普遍利益的网络和信息系统的网络安全建立框架的法律，实施 NIS-2 (2022/2555) 指令", "description_zh": "该法案于 2024 年 10 月 18 日生效，该法案为公共安全普遍利益的网络和信息系统的网络安全建立了框架。该法案将 (EU) 2022/2555 号指令转化为国家立法。它要求各实体在比利时网络安全中心注册，并实施技术、运营和组织措施以减轻网络安全风险。最后，该法案概述了对违规行为的处罚。" }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Roularta Media Group and Google for alleged illegal cross-border data transfer", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/publications/decision-quant-au-fond-n-112-2024-du-6-septembre-2024-anglais.pdf", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA)'s Litigation Chamber dismissed a complaint lodged under Article 80(1) GDPR against Roularta Media Group N.V., a magazine owner, and Google LLC. The complaint, brought forward by Noyb - European Center for Digital Rights, a nonprofit, alleged that personal data was illegally transferred to the US via Google Analytics embedded in the flair.be website owned by Roularta. The case was dismissed because the complaint was found to have...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Roularta Media Group 和 Google 涉嫌非法跨境数据传输进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 6 日，比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 诉讼庭驳回了根据 GDPR 第 80(1) 条针对杂志所有者 Roularta Media Group N.V. 和 Google LLC 提出的投诉。该投诉由非营利组织欧洲数字权利中心 Noyb 提出，声称个人数据通过 Roularta 拥有的 flair.be 网站中嵌入的 Google Analytics 非法传输到美国。该案被驳回，因为投诉被发现..." }, { "date": "5 October 2025", "title": "Data protection requirements in the updated Recommendation (01/2020) on direct marketing", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/citoyen/actualites/2025/03/10/consultation-publique-relative-au-marketing-direct", "description": "On 10 May 2025, the Data Protection Authority (APD) closes its consultation on the updated recommendation on direct marketing. The update is based on Recommendation 01/2020 and takes into account developments in case law, regulatory decisions, and guidance from the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). The revised Recommendation defines terms related to direct marketing, describes the legal basis for processing prospective customer data under the legitimate interest framework, and outlines d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "更新后的直销建议书 (01/2020) 中的数据保护要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 10 日，数据保护局 (APD) 结束了关于更新的直销建议的咨询。此次更新基于建议 01/2020，并考虑了判例法、监管决定以及欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 的指导的发展。修订后的建议书定义了与直接营销相关的术语，描述了在合法利益框架下处理潜在客户数据的法律依据，并概述了..." }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority's investigation into Garnett Media Corp's alleged unlawful consent collection for cookie placement (Case No. DOS-2021-06946)", "url": "APD explains why it is closing NOYB complaints", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Belgian Data Protection Authority’s Contentious Chamber dismissed complaints filed by NOYB against Gannett Media Corp’s cookie banner practices, finding an abuse of rights under both European Union and Belgian law. NOYB was held to have artificially created legal standing by encouraging staff and interns to become data subjects to file mass complaints under Article 80.1 of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), pursuing its political objectives rather than genuine ind...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Garnett Media Corp 涉嫌非法收集 cookie 同意的调查（案件编号：DOS-2021-06946）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 26 日，比利时数据保护局争议法庭驳回了 NOYB 针对 Gannett Media Corp 的 cookie 横幅做法提出的投诉，认为该行为滥用了欧盟和比利时法律规定的权利。 NOYB 被认为通过鼓励员工和实习生成为数据主体，根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 80.1 条提出大规模投诉，人为地建立了法律地位，追求其政治目标而不是真正的工业目标。" }, { "date": "12 January 2025", "title": "Circular banning use of DeepSeek AI system in all federal government services", "url": "https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2025/12/01/belgian-government-bans-chinas-deepseek-in-the-civil-service/", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Minister for Government Modernisation’s circular banning the DeepSeek AI system in all federal government services entered into force. Federal employees are prohibited from using DeepSeek applications, which had to be removed from staff devices. The measure implements the preventative prohibition adopted on 11 September 2025, following the June analysis that required government services to list their artificial intelligence tools and identified risks linked to data tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止在所有联邦政府服务中使用 DeepSeek 人工智能系统的通知", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 1 日，政府现代化部长发布的禁止在所有联邦政府服务中使用 DeepSeek 人工智能系统的通知生效。联邦雇员被禁止使用 DeepSeek 应用程序，该应用程序必须从员工设备中删除。该措施实施了 2025 年 9 月 11 日通过的预防性禁令，此前 6 月份的分析要求政府服务部门列出其人工智能工具并确定与数据传输相关的风险。" }, { "title": "AI4Belgium (Belgian national AI coalition / roadmap)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52025SC0294", "description": "AI law in Belgium: AI4Belgium is a national coalition and strategic roadmap initiated to coordinate Belgium’s public-private-academic AI ecosystem, promote responsible adoption, and create an observatory for monitoring AI uptake and ethics. Led by the Federal Public Service for Policy and Support together with regional hubs, industry and research partners, the initiative focuses on skills, trustworthiness, data infrastructures, and alignment with EU AI priorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI4Belgium（比利时国家人工智能联盟/路线图）", "description_zh": "比利时的人工智能法：AI4Belgium 是一个国家联盟和战略路线图，旨在协调比利时的公私学术人工智能生态系统，促进负责任的采用，并创建一个监测人工智能采用和道德的观察站。该计划由联邦公共政策和支持服务部​​与区域中心、行业和研究合作伙伴共同领导，重点关注技能、可信度、数据基础设施以及与欧盟人工智能优先事项的一致性......" }, { "title": "FARI AI for the Common Good Institute", "url": "https://digitalskillsjobs.europa.eu/en/organisations/fari-ai-common-good-institute", "description": "AI law in Belgium: A Brussels-based institute leveraging AI and robotics for urban common good and public interest through academic-government collaboration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FARI AI 公益研究所", "description_zh": "比利时的人工智能法：一家总部位于布鲁塞尔的研究所，通过学术与政府合作，利用人工智能和机器人技术实现城市共同利益和公共利益。" }, { "title": "DigitalWallonia4.AI (Walloon AI programme / Digital Wallonia AI)", "url": "https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/ai-watch/belgium-ai-strategy-report_en", "description": "AI law in Belgium: DigitalWallonia4.ai is the Walloon regional AI programme launched under the Digital Wallonia strategy to accelerate AI adoption across society, business and research in Wallonia. It is a strategy-led programme managed by the Walloon Agency for Digital Affairs with multiple partners (Agoria, Infopôle, Réseau IA) and includes awareness, training, business support (Start IA, Tremplin IA), research partnerships and an open-performance dashboard....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DigitalWallonia4.AI（瓦隆AI程序/Digital Wallonia AI）", "description_zh": "比利时的人工智能法：DigitalWallonia4.ai 是瓦隆地区人工智能计划，根据数字瓦隆战略启动，旨在加速瓦隆社会、商业和研究领域的人工智能采用。这是一个以战略为主导的计划，由瓦隆数字事务局与多个合作伙伴（Agoria、Infopôle、Réseau IA）管理，包括意识、培训、业务支持（Start IA、Tremplin IA）、研究合作伙伴关系和开放绩效仪表板......" }, { "title": "Wallonia DigitalWallonia4.ai Program 2020-2024", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/belgium-ai-strategy-report-ai-watch", "description": "AI law in Belgium: The Wallonia DigitalWallonia4.ai Program 2020-2024 is a regional initiative in Belgium accelerating AI adoption and fostering its local AI ecosystem.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瓦隆 DigitalWallonia4.ai 计划 2020-2024", "description_zh": "比利时的人工智能法：Wallonia DigitalWallonia4.ai 计划 2020-2024 是比利时的一项区域性举措，旨在加速人工智能的采用并培育当地的人工智能生态系统。" }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Unknown Case Number", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Anvers. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案件编号未知", "description_zh": "律师出现在安特卫普夫妇面前。捏造：判例法结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "Anvers", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "25000 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Roll Q/25/0025", "url": "/documents/1181/Q_25_0025_Belgium_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Gent. Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited 'Cass. 25 november 2021, AR C.20.0193.F'; court verified via Google AI-mode and found the cited cassation decision/rolnummer does not exist and the provided ECLI was incorrect. Outcome: Hearing on possible sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卷 Q/25/0025", "description_zh": "律师出现在绅士面前。捏造：判例法|提交的材料引用了“Cass”。 2021 年 11 月 25 日，AR C.20.0193.F'；法院通过 Google AI 模式进行验证，发现所引用的撤销原判决定/rolnummer 不存在，并且提供的 ECLI 不正确。结果：就可能的制裁举行听证会。", "court": "Gent", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Hearing on possible sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Family Law Case", "url": "/documents/879/1760690519185.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Ghent CA. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Reprimand.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "家庭法案件", "description_zh": "律师在根特 CA 出庭。捏造：判例法结果：谴责。", "court": "Ghent CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reprimand", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Family law Case", "url": "/documents/879/1760690519185.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Gent. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Conclusion quotes Articles 871 and 877 Ger.W. in incorrect or non‑existent wording; court supplied correct formulations and found the cited language inaccurate. Outcome: Disregarded all fictitious/unfindable sources, admonished counsel.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "家庭法案例", "description_zh": "律师出现在绅士面前。虚假报价：法律规范|结论引用了 Ger.W. 第 871 条和第 877 条。措辞不正确或不存在；法院提供了正确的表述，并认为所引用的语言不准确。结果：无视所有虚构/无法找到的来源，警告律师。", "court": "Gent", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Disregarded all fictitious/unfindable sources, admonished counsel", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in BE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "Belgian source source on DeepSeek and data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.brusselstimes.com/1419622/investigation-opened-into-possible-privacy-violations-by-deepseek", "description": "Official source record dated 31 January 2025 for Belgium concerning Belgian DPA investigates DeepSeek. See the linked brusselstimes.com source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "比利时 DPA 调查 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "据悉，在消费者组织 Testaan​​koop 投诉后，比利时数据保护局（GBA）已对中国人工智能模型 DeepSeek 发起调查，涉嫌违反欧洲数据保护法规（GDPR）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "Belgium Data Protection Agency publishes report on GDPR and AI Act", "url": "https://www.autoriteprotectiondonnees.be/publications/artificial-intelligence-systems-and-the-gdpr---a-data-protection-perspective.pdf", "description": "Primary source (autoriteprotectiondonnees.be) dated 22 September 2024 in BE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "比利时数据保护局发布关于 GDPR 和人工智能法案的报告", "description_zh": "比利时数据保护局 (DPA) 发布了一份报告，解释了 GDPR 和人工智能法案之间的交叉点，以及组织如何使人工智能系统与数据保护原则保持一致。该报告强调人工智能的透明度、问责制和公平性，特别是对于高风险人工智能系统；并概述了人类监督和技术措施如何确保人工智能的合规和道德使用。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Roll Q/25/0025", "url": "/documents/1181/Q_25_0025_Belgium_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited 'Cass. 25 november 2021, AR C.20.0193.F'; court verified via Google AI-mode and found the cited cassation decision/rolnummer does not exist and the provided ECLI was incorrect. || Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited 'Cass. 14 juni 2021, P.20.0810.N'; court checked and concluded no such Cassation judgment or ECLI exists — the reference is fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited 'GwH nr. 104/2017 van 6 juli 2017' as a Constitutional Court decision relevant to equality; court found no such decision at that date/number and that the cited ruling does not support the asserted proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卷 Q/25/0025", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|提交的材料引用了“Cass”。 2021 年 11 月 25 日，AR C.20.0193.F'；法院通过 Google AI 模式进行验证，发现所引用的撤销原判决定/rolnummer 不存在，并且提供的 ECLI 不正确。 ||捏造：判例法|提交的材料引用了“Cass”。 2021 年 6 月 14 日，P.20.0810.N'；法院检查并得出结论，不存在这样的上诉判决或 ECLI——该参考文献是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|提交的材料引用了“GwH nr”。 104/2017 van 6 juli 2017' 作为宪法法院有关平等的裁决；法院在该日期/编号没有发现此类决定，并且所引用的裁决不支持所主张的主张。", "court": "Gent", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Hearing on possible sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Family law Case", "url": "/documents/879/1760690519185.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | Conclusion quotes Articles 871 and 877 Ger.W. in incorrect or non‑existent wording; court supplied correct formulations and found the cited language inaccurate. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Conclusion cites an incorrect/oversimplified wording attributed to art. 962 Ger.W. about appointment of experts; court provided correct text and noted the cited version was wrong. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cited ECHR decision 'Moretti en Benedetti t. Italië (27 april 2010, nr. 16318/07)' with passages about paternity recognition was not found in the cited judgment (which concerned adoption) and the quoted language does not appear in the decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Regional court judgments (e.g., Hof van Beroep Antwerpen, 20 maart 2019 (2019/AR/0524); Hof van Beroep Brussel, 15 oktober 2018) cited in the conclusion could not be located in Juportal and appear unfindable. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | A set of Belgian doctrinal works and articles (e.g., S. Stijns RW 2012-13; M. Puelinckx-Coene TPR 2010; F. Swennen TPR 2019, Handboek 2020) were found to be fictional/complete fabrications by the court's database searches. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Conclusion contained an incorrect quotation attributed to old art. 1382 BW; court identified the wording as incorrect compared to the real text. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Conclusion cites a non‑existent/incorrect passage attributed to old art. 318 BW regarding recognition where father never maintained a familial bond; court could not find such provision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple cassation decisions cited (e.g., 'Cass. 6 juni 2019 (C.18.0543.N)', 'Cass. 25 januari 2018 (C.17.0331.N)', 'Cass. 21 oktober 2013') were not found in Juridat/JURA/Juportal and appear unfindable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "家庭法案例", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范|结论引用了 Ger.W. 第 871 条和第 877 条。措辞不正确或不存在；法院提供了正确的表述，并认为所引用的语言不准确。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|结论引用了归因于艺术的不正确/过于简单的措辞。第962章关于专家的聘任；法院提供了正确的文本，并指出引用的版本是错误的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用了欧洲人权法院的决定“Moretti en Benedetti t”。 Italië (2010 年 4 月 27 日，nr. 16318/07)' 包含有关亲子关系承认的段落，但在所引用的判决（涉及收养）中未找到，所引用的语言也未出现在决定中。 ||捏造：判例法|结论中引用的地区法院判决（例如，Hof van Beroep Antwerpen，20 maart 2019 (2019/AR/0524)；Hof van Beroep Brussel，2018 年 10 月 15 日）无法在 Juportal 中找到，并且似乎无法找到。 ||捏造：教义工作|法院的数据库搜索发现，一组比利时理论著作和文章（例如，S. Stijns RW 2012-13；M. Puelinckx-Coene TPR 2010；F. Swennen TPR 2019，Handboek 2020）是虚构/完全捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|结论包含归因于旧艺术的错误引用。 1382 带宽；法院认定该措辞与真实文本相比不正确。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|结论引用了一段归因于旧艺术的不存在/不正确的段落。 318 BW 关于父亲从未维持家庭关系的承认；法院找不到这样的规定。 ||捏造：判例法| Juridat/JURA/Juportal 中未找到引用的多项撤销判决（例如，“Cass. 6 juni 2019 (C.18.0543.N)”、“Cass. 25 januari 2018 (C.17.0331.N)”、“Cass. 21 oktober 2013”​​），并且似乎无法找到。", "court": "Gent", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Disregarded all fictitious/unfindable sources, admonished counsel", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Roll Q/25/0025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1181/Q_25_0025_Belgium_16_December_2025.pdf", "date": "15 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Family law Case", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/879/1760690519185.pdf", "date": "18 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 41, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "056" }, { "id": "BJ", "title": "Benin", "entries": [ { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Association of African Election Authorites Digital and Social Media Guidelines", "url": "https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/african-nations-adopt-digital-and-social-media-guidelines", "description": "On 27 February 2024, the Association of African Election Authorities (AAEA) adopted guidelines for the responsible use of digital and social media in elections, emphasising accountability and the need to prevent disinformation. The guidelines encourage African Election Management Bodies to develop comprehensive plans for the use of social media during election campaigns and discourage measures that could disrupt internet access. The guidelines also urge social media operators to ensure fair t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲选举当局协会数字和社交媒体指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 27 日，非洲选举当局协会 (AAEA) 通过了在选举中负责任地使用数字和社交媒体的准则，强调问责制和防止虚假信息的必要性。该准则鼓励非洲选举管理机构制定在竞选期间使用社交媒体的全面计划，并阻止可能破坏互联网访问的措施。该指南还敦促社交媒体运营商确保公平..." }, { "date": "18 January 2023", "title": "Benin adopts national AI and big data strategy 2023-27", "url": "https://numerique.gouv.bj/assets/documents/national-artificial-intelligence-and-big-data-strategy-1682673348.pdf", "description": "Primary source (numerique.gouv.bj) dated 18 January 2023 in BJ. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "贝宁通过国家人工智能和大数据战略2023-27", "description_zh": "贝宁部长理事会批准了 2023-2027 年国家人工智能和大数据战略（SNIAM）。该战略旨在到 2027 年将贝宁定位为西非次区域人工智能和大数据领域的领导者。SNIAM 重点关注四个主要项目：(1) 实施高影响力的举措和用例； （2）加强人工智能和大数据管理方面的能力和教育； (3) 为研究、创新、私营部门提供更好的支持\n人工智能领域的产业与合作； （四）更新人工智能和大数据管理的制度和监管框架", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "204" }, { "id": "BT", "title": "Bhutan", "entries": [ { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Bhutan, Canada partner to strengthen AI policy and governance", "url": "https://asianews.network/bhutan-canada-partner-to-strengthen-ai-policy-and-governance/", "description": "Following an initial consultation, a one-and-a-half-day training session commenced to help policymakers, government officials, and thought leaders understand Al's role in public service, ethics, and cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "不丹与加拿大合作加强人工智能政策和治理", "description_zh": "据悉，不丹和加拿大已启动合作，以加强不丹的人工智能政策和治理。这项合作伙伴关系是在加拿大牵头的“通过人工智能弥合边界”倡议下进行的，其中包括在廷布举办的研讨会，旨在教育政策制定者和官员了解人工智能在公共服务、道德和网络安全中的作用。加拿大副大使马克·艾伦强调了相互学习的机会，并指出不丹对正念和国民幸福总值的独特视角对全球人工智能话语做出了宝贵贡献。此次咨询的见解将于 2026 年 3 月中旬汇编成 GovTech 白皮书，作为不丹人工智能治理的参考。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 October 2024", "title": "Bhutan’s GovTech promotes responsible use and regulation", "url": "https://asianews.network/rising-ai-threats-bhutans-govtech-promotes-responsible-use-and-regulation/", "description": "To address the potential risks of AI, Sherab Gocha from GovTech urged the implementation of appropriate regulations, explaining that generative AI relies on complex deep learning models, which can be difficult for users to fully understand.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "不丹的政府科技促进负责任的使用和监管", "description_zh": "据报道，在一次全国网络安全会议上，助理。 GovTech 机构新兴技术部门的 ICTO Sherab Gocha 介绍了面向公务员的生成式人工智能指南。 Gocha 表示，虽然不丹目前缺乏专门针对数据保护的法规，但已有数据管理准则。 Gocha 提到了人工智能的三个风险类别（高风险、有限风险和最小风险），这可能表明不丹采用了受欧盟启发的人工智能治理方式。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "064" }, { "id": "BA", "title": "Bosnia and Herzgovina", "entries": [ { "date": "7 July 2022", "title": "Regulatory Agency for Communications report with regulatory recommendations for protection of minors on the internet", "url": "https://www.rak.ba/bs-Latn-BA/news/11718", "description": "On 7 July 2022, the Regulatory Agency for Communications of Bosnia and Herzegovina published a report entitled \"Analysis of the state of fulfilment of the obligations of Internet access providers concerning the protection of minors\". In particular, the report provides a comparative analysis of existing regulatory frameworks applicable in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Union as to minors' protection on the internet, identifies potential risks for privacy breaches involving minors and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信监管机构报告以及保护互联网未成年人的监管建议", "description_zh": "2022年7月7日，波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那通信监管局发布了题为《互联网接入提供商履行未成年人保护义务状况分析》的报告。特别是，该报告对波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那以及欧盟适用的有关互联网未成年人保护的现有监管框架进行了比较分析，确定了涉及未成年人的隐私侵犯的潜在风险，并......" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Bosnia and Herzegovina signs the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/home/-/asset_publisher/zndsEJ9HsDB3/content/bosnia-and-herzegovina-signs-the-council-of-europe-s-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence?_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_assetEntryId=294054361&_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Fen%2Fweb%2Fartificial-intelligence%2Fhome%3Fp_p_id%3Dcom_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_cur%3D0%26p_r_p_resetCur%3Dfalse%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3_assetEntryId%3D294054361%23p_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_zndsEJ9HsDB3", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 9 December 2025 in BA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那签署欧洲委员会人工智能框架公约", "description_zh": "波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那签署了欧洲委员会《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》。迄今为止，签署者总数达到 18 人。该框架公约是有史以来第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，旨在确保人工智能系统的使用完全符合人权、民主和法治。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "2021–2027 Development Strategy", "url": "https://www.fzzpr.gov.ba/files/Strategic%20documents%20of%20FBiH/Development%20Strategy%20of%20the%20FBiH%202021-2027-summary_ENG.pdf", "description": "Primary source (fzzpr.gov.ba) in BA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021-2027年发展战略：", "description_zh": "国家发展战略广泛涵盖数字化，包括认识到人工智能对经济增长、效率提高和各部门创新的战略重要性。除其他外，该战略建议在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦建立一个研究所，以促进人工智能发展并创建相关生态系统。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Balkan Govts Need to Create Strategies For Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (March 2023)", "url": "https://balkaninsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FINAL-AI-Report.pdf", "description": "Primary source (balkaninsight.com) in BA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴尔干政府需要制定负责任地使用人工智能的战略（2023 年 3 月）：", "description_zh": "本简报介绍了该研究的主要发现，旨在通过概述该地区国家采用的现有人工智能相关法律文书和战略，阐明巴尔干地区政府应用和开发人工智能技术的准备情况。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "070" }, { "id": "BR", "title": "Brazil", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-11-12", "title": "National Strategy fo Intellectual Property", "url": "https://www.gov.br/economia/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/participacao-social/consultas-publicas/2020/estrategia-nacional-de-propriedade-intelectual", "description": "The ministry of economy launches the National Strategy for Intellectual Property, aiming to modernise the national IP system.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "Bill 21/20 on a legal framework for Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2024/12/10/senado-aprova-regulamentacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-texto-vai-a-camara", "description": "On 10 December 2024, Bill 21/2020 was declared invalid as another Bill (Bill n° 2338 / 2023) regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) was passed by the Senate. Bill 21/2020 aimed at creating a legal framework for the development and use of AI. It established that the use of AI would be based on respect for human rights and democratic values, equality, non-discrimination, plurality, free enterprise, and data privacy. Developers as well as operators of AI would have faced a number of duties, su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-04-05", "title": "Data transfer regulation in open banking regulation", "url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/content/config/Documents/Open_Banking_BCB_Circular_4015_2020.pdf", "description": "The Brasilian Central Bank issues Circular 4015, which regulates open banking and sets the rules for sharing user data among financial and payment institutions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-28", "title": "Data protection authority (ANPD) supervision standard introducing new enforcement rules", "url": "https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/norma-de-fiscalizacao-da-anpd", "description": "The consultation on the APND supervision standard closes. The proposed regulation sets out the APND's inspection and enforcement mechanism for governing compliance with the LGPD.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-21", "title": "National Data Protection Authority instructions on filing complaints for violation of LGPD", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/canais_atendimento/cidadao-titular-de-dados/peticao-de-titular-contra-controlador-de-dados", "description": "On 21 December 2021, Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) updated its instructions on filing complaints and petitions for violations of the General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD). The ANPD draws a distinction between complaints and petitions. Complaints can be filed by any legal or natural persons, even when they are not personally affected by a violation. Petitions are made by data subjects whose rights have been specifically violated. Under the updated process, data subje...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-17", "title": "Regulation of international data transfers", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/tomada-de-subsidios-sobre-transferencias-internacionais-de-dados-pessoais-inicia-nesta-quarta-feira/questions-in-english-ts.pdf", "description": "On 17 June 2022, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority closed the consultation on the regulation of international data transfers. Particularly, the Agency welcomed inputs on the following topics: data transfer obstacles for companies, interoperability between contractual instruments, contractual clauses, binding corporate rules, tools to foster regulatory compliance and mechanisms to provide data subjects with clear information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-11", "title": "National Data Protection Authority evaluation of adequacy of Whatsapp's Privacy Policy", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-conclui-a-analise-sobre-compartilhamento-de-dados-pessoais-entre-whatsapp-e-meta", "description": "On 11 November 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) concluded its assessment of personal data sharing between WhatsApp and Meta, initiated after the 2021 update to WhatsApp’s Privacy Policy. The ANPD found that data is shared under two frameworks, one where Meta acts as a processor for WhatsApp’s messaging operations and another where it acts as a controller for services linking WhatsApp to other Meta platforms. Although WhatsApp demonstrated mechanisms to ensure Meta’s role re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-18", "title": "Brazilian Data Protection Authority guidance on cookies and personal data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias-periodo-eleitoral/anpd-lanca-guia-orientativo-201ccookies-e-protecao-de-dados-pessoais201d", "description": "On 18 October 2022, the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published its Guidance on Cookies and Personal Data Protection. The Guidance clarifies the definition of cookies and describes the obligations of data processors in regard to cookies, including cookie policies and banners, under Brazil's General Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 13.709). The Guidance is open to ongoing public comments and suggestions, which may be sent to the ANPD Ombudsman through their online platform, w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "Bill 872/21 on the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2024/12/10/senado-aprova-regulamentacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-texto-vai-a-camara", "description": "On 10 December 2024, Bill 872/21 was declared invalid as another Bill (Bill n° 2338 / 2023) regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) was passed by the Senate. Bill 872/21 includes measures aimed at regulating AI, ensuring its use for positive ends, as well as respect for human rights and the guarantee of human intervention when necessary.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "Bill 5051/19 on the Principles for the use of Artificial Intelligence in Brazil", "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2024/12/10/senado-aprova-regulamentacao-da-inteligencia-artificial-texto-vai-a-camara", "description": "On 10 December 2024, Bill 5051/19 was declared invalid as another Bill (Bill n° 2338 / 2023) regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) was passed by the Senate. Bill 5051/19 would have established general principles for the development of AI, such as the respect of fundamental rights, the need for human supervision, and the protection and appreciation of human workers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-17", "title": "Technical Note on the Applicability of Data Protection Standards to Deceased Persons", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/NotaTecnica3CGF.ANPD.pdf", "description": "On 17 March 2023, the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANDP) published a technical note clarifying the applicability of the General Law of Protection of Personal Data (LGPD) to deceased persons' data. Specifically, the LGPD applies to \"natural persons\", a legal status which ceases to apply at the time of death.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-04", "title": "Brazilian Data Protection Authority guidance on Personal Data Protection Impact Report", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/canais_atendimento/agente-de-tratamento/relatorio-de-impacto-a-protecao-de-dados-pessoais-ripd/relatorio-de-impacto-a-protecao-de-dados-pessoais#p1", "description": "On 6 April 2023, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANDP) published Guidelines and a list of questions and answers regarding the “Personal Data Protection Impact Report” (RIPD) required by the General Law for the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD). The questions and answers aim to guide users on the presentation and submission of the RIPD. Notably, the guide sets out when data controllers should prepare the RIPD, the criteria and methodologies to use for risk management, the mi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-29", "title": "Investigation into Telegram for allegedly failing to prevent the dissemination of harmful content", "url": "https://www10.trf2.jus.br/portal/trf2-cassou-em-parte-liminar-que-suspendeu-provisoramente-funcionamento-do-telegram/", "description": "On 29 April 2023, the Second Specialized Panel from the Regional Federal Tribunal in Brazil (TRF2) issued a partial suspension of the injunction that mandated the temporary suspension of the Telegram application in Brazil. The ruling was issued in response to the appeal filed by Telegram against the measure imposed by the Federal Court of Linhares in Espírito Santo, suspending its operations and imposing a fine. According to the TRF2 judge, the complete suspension of the service is deemed unr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-05", "title": "Senacon investigation into Google over alleged misleading advertising on Brazilian Law on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet (Bill 2630/20)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacon-notifica-google-por-publicidade-abusiva-sobre-pl-das-fake-news", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) announced the opening of an investigation and filing of a precautionary measure against Google over alleged “misleading and abusive advertising” regarding the Brazilian Law on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet (Bill 2630/20). In particular, Senacon claimed that Google is required to disclose in the advertisements displayed on its platforms the conflicts of interest regarding Bill 2630/20. Finally, Senacon requir...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "ANPD Regulatory Sandbox on Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection in Brazil", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-extends-call-for-contributions-on-regulatory-sandbox-until-december-1st", "description": "On 1 December 2023, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) closed the public consultation on Regulatory Sandbox on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Protection, developed in collaboration with the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF). Specifically, the Regulatory Sandbox would allow participants to test AI technologies they developed in controlled environments against data protection frameworks to ensure compliance and the protection of individuals' rights.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "ANPD investigation into Meta's compliance with LGPD in relation to Threads", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/meta-cumpre-exigencias-da-anpd-e-podera-retomar-com-restricoes-o-uso-de-dados-pessoais-para-treinamento-de-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) announced it had suspended the preventive measures imposed on Meta banning the company from processing personal data from its platforms for AI training purposes under its new privacy policy. The announcement follows the approval by the ANPD of a Compliance Plan presented by Meta outlining several measures that will be implemented by the company, including sending Facebook and Instagram users notifications with clear and accessi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "title": "National Data Protection Authority investigation into TikTok processing of personal data of children and adolescents", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-abre-processo-sancionador-e-emite-determinacoes-ao-tiktok", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) initiated a sanctioning process and issued compliance orders to TikTok over the alleged irregular processing of children and adolescents' personal data. The ANPD's technical review found inadequate age verification mechanisms and improper data processing practices, which potentially violate Article 14 of Brazil's General Data Protection Law (LGPD). The sanctioning process will further assess TikTok's data processing p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "Bill regulating the use of social networks (PL 2355/2023)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao/?idProposicao=2359998", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Bill regulating the use of social networks (PL 2355/2023) was introduced in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Bill amends the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law No. 12.965), establishing principles, rights, and responsibilities for Internet use in Brazil. In particular, the Bill would require online platforms, including messaging providers, to grant users access to content moderation policies. The Bill also prohibits censorship based on political, ideological...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-27", "title": "National Cybersecurity Policy and National Cybersecurity Committee", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/decreto-n-11.856-de-26-de-dezembro-de-2023-533845289", "description": "On 27 December 2023, Decree No. 11.856 establishing the National Cybersecurity Policy (PNCiber) and the National Cybersecurity Committee (CNCiber) entered into force with its publication in the National Gazette. The PNCiber aims to guide cybersecurity activity in the country, prioritising national interests, guaranteeing fundamental rights, and promoting the prevention of cyber incidents and attacks. The CNCiber, within the scope of the Foreign Relations and National Defence Chamber of the Go...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-16", "title": "ANPD Guidelines on High-Risk Personal Data Processing", "url": "https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/estudopreliminar-altorisco", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil closes its public consultation on the processing of high-risk personal data. The consultation aims to clarify the concept of high risk and highlight its importance and refined guidelines supporting the evaluation of high-risk situations in personal data processing, as outlined in the Regulation for the application of the LGPD by small processing agents (ATPP). The consultation focuses on defining high-risk processing in t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "Data Subject Rights in Artificial Intelligence Act (PL 1465/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/propostas-legislativas/2430325", "description": "On 26 April 2024, a Bill on Artificial Intelligence (PL 1465/2024) was introduced to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Act outlines several rights for individuals that are directly or indirectly affected by AI systems. In particular, the Act lists these rights in Article 5, which includes the right to information, the right to explanation, the right to contestation, the right to human determination and participation, and the principle of non-discrimination and bias correction. Article 6 ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "Design and Testing Standards in Artificial Intelligence Act (PL 1465/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/propostas-legislativas/2430325", "description": "On 26 April 2024, a Bill on Artificial Intelligence (PL 1465/2024) was introduced to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Act defines an AI system as one that relies on computational processes functioning at various levels of autonomy, using algorithms in machine learning, natural language processing, or computer vision. These systems handle both structured and unstructured data, continually learning from and reacting to their surroundings. They are capable of making predictions, recommenda...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-05", "title": "National Consumer Secretariat investigation into illegal commerce of cell phones on e-commerce platform Amazon", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacon-notifica-amazon-e-mercado-livre-e-pede-a-retirada-do-ar-dos-50-maiores-vendedores-do-mercado-eletronico-brasileiro", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, acting through the National Council to Combat Piracy and Intellectual Property Offenses (CNCP), issued a request to Amazon to remove advertisements of 50 sellers for selling cell phones that do not meet legal or regulatory standards. The order was issued as part of an investigation into the sale of irregular cell phones on e-commerce platforms following a complaint submitted by the Asso...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-06", "title": "Brazilian official gazette source on artificial intelligence governance (2024)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-mcti-n-8.251-de-7-de-junho-de-2024-564564123", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-10-06 for Brazil concerning MCTI order on establishment of the Operational Support Working Group for the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (No. 8,251). See the linked in.gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-07", "title": "Senacon investigation into Meta's usage of personal data to train Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacom-questiona-meta-sobre-uso-de-dados-de-brasileiros-para-treinar-a-ia", "description": "On 3 July 2024, the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) issued a request for information to Meta regarding its use of personal data for training Artificial Intelligence (AI). Senacon has raised concerns about the legality of this action, particularly questioning the justification of using legitimate interest for data processing, the absence of a specific purpose, practices that may manipulate consumers and hinder the exercise of their rights, and insufficient provision of information. Sen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "Amendment to cybersecurity regulation for the telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anatel/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/conselho-diretor-aprova-proposta-de-alteracao-do-regulamento-de-seguranca-cibernetica-aplicada-ao-setor-de-telecomunicacoes", "description": "On 4 July 2024, the Board of Directors of the National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) adopted amendments to the cybersecurity regulation for the telecommunications sector. With this adoption, all providers of Telecommunications Services of Collective Interest, regardless of size, must comply with measures designed to mitigate vulnerabilities in equipment provided to consumers of telecommunications services. The scope of ex-ante control has been expanded to include submarine cable operator...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-07", "title": "Bill prohibiting use of children's images in AI without consent (PL 2807/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2448043", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the Brazilian Parliament introduced a bill prohibiting use of children's images in machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML and AI) systems without explicit consent from parents or legal guardians. Specifically, the bill prohibits the use of photos of children to train artificial intelligence without parental consent. It also introduces penalties for non-compliance, including fines, suspension of data processing activities, and a potential ban on processing children's...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Bill amending the Penal Code of Brazil to establish increased penalties for sexual exploitation crimes involving artificial intelligence (Bill No. 2506/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2442452", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Bill amending the Penal Code of Brazil to establish increased penalties for sexual exploitation crimes involving artificial intelligence was introduced at the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. The Bill aims to address crimes involving the facilitation of prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation of children or adolescents using artificial intelligence or similar technologies. The Bill increases the penalty of for such crimes by a further half if they are committed ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "title": "National Data Protection Authority investigation into TikTok age verification mechanisms", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-abre-processo-sancionador-e-emite-determinacoes-ao-tiktok", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) initiated a sanctioning process and issued compliance orders to TikTok over the alleged irregular handling of children and adolescents' personal data. The ANPD's technical review found due to the absence of age verification mechanisms, TikTok was unable to verify whether users were under 13. The ANPD notes that the lack of the system led to improper data processing practices, which potentially violate Article 14 of Br...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-12", "title": "ANPD inquiry into artificial intelligence and automated data processing", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-abre-tomada-de-subsidios-sobre-ia", "description": "On 5 December 2024, Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) closes the public consultation on the artificial intelligence (AI) and data protection regulatory project. The General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD) mandates the review of decisions based solely on automated data processing that affect personal interests, ensuring transparency and the right to appeal such decisions. It also requires controllers to provide clear information about the criteria used for automated decisi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-11", "title": "Brazil-Canada MoU on cooperation in data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-o-comissariado-canadense-para-a-protecao-da-privacidade-firmam-memorando-de-entendimento", "description": "On 1 November 2024, Brazil’s National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on cooperation and mutual assistance in personal data protection. The MoU aims to strengthen institutional relations, promote technical and regulatory collaboration, and enhance oversight in the field of data protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "title": "ANDP investigation into X Corp concerning the training of its generative AI models", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-determina-adocao-de-medidas-preventivas-a-x-corp", "description": "On 13 December 2024, the Brazilian National Data Protection Agency (ANPD) issued a supervisory decision as part of its ongoing investigation into X Corp's compliance with data protection regulations regarding the training of generative artificial intelligence models. The ANPD's decision requires X Corp to cease processing the data of minors under the age of 18 for AI training purposes within five days. In addition, X Corp is required to clarify the applicability of its data processing documen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-08", "title": "National Data Protection Authority investigation into Tools for Humanity over biometric data processing", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/deliberacoes-do-conselho-diretor-1/circuitos-deliberativos-ano-2025/cd-17-2025-votos.pdf/view", "description": "On 6 August 2025, the Board of Directors of the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) upheld its ban on Tools for Humanity (TFH) offering financial incentives in exchange for biometric data. The order suspended any form of financial compensation for World IDs created through iris collection in Brazil, citing two main concerns, namely that monetary rewards could undermine genuine consent and that insufficient information about data processing compromised the ability of individuals to give ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Establishment of National Committee on AI Ethics and Regulation in Bill on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation (Bill No. 526/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2484379", "description": "On 18 February 2025, a bill on the regulation of artificial intelligence (PL 526/2025) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would set out principles, guidelines and rules for the development, deployment and use of AI, addressing human rights, data protection, transparency, security and accountability. It includes definitions, requirements for high-risk AI applications, including prior impact assessments and human oversight, and restrictions on certain uses, including mass surve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Design requirements in Bill on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation (Bill No. 526/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2484379", "description": "On 18 February 2025, a Bill on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation (Bill No. 526/2025) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill sets out principles for AI systems, requiring them to be transparent, explainable, safe and robust. The Bill stipulates that high-risk AI applications must undergo impact assessments to evaluate potential risks to society, fundamental rights, and data protection. The utilisation of AI systems in critical sectors, such as healthcare, public safety, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Prohibition of high-risk AI systems in Bill on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation (Bill No. 526/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2484379", "description": "On 18 February 2025, a Bill on the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence (No. 526/2025) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill prohibits certain AI applications that are considered high risk, including mass surveillance without judicial authorisation, AI-generated disinformation, discriminatory AI models, and fully automated judicial or administrative decisions without human review. The Bill sets out requirements for the use of AI, covering areas such as data protection, decision...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "National Consumer Secretariat investigation into YouTube over alleged promotion or sale of illegal products", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/youtube-instagram-tiktok-enjoei-e-mercado-livre-tem-48-horas-para-remover-conteudos-sobre-cigarros-eletronicos", "description": "On 29 April 2025, the National Council for Combating Piracy and Crimes against Intellectual Property (CNCP), under the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon), requested that YouTube remove content promoting electronic cigarettes and related products, which are illegal in Brazil. YouTube must comply within 48 hours and strengthen controls to prevent future violations. A CNCP survey identified 123 illegal advertisements on YouTube, highlighting the platform's role in the illicit trade of these...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "title": "China Ministry of Commerce and Brazil Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services declaration on cooperation in digital economy investments", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/atos-adotados-por-ocasiao-da-visita-de-estado-do-presidente-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-a-pequim-china-12-e-13-de-maio-de-2025/letter-of-intent-mdic-mofcom-digital-economy-portuguese.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Ministry of Commerce of China and the Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services of Brazil signed a Letter of Intent on cooperation in digital economy investments. The parties stated their intention to examine complementarities in the digital economy value chains of both countries and identify areas for cooperation. They agreed to support companies in exploring joint initiatives and participating in projects under Brazil’s industrial policy. Areas identified for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "title": "Regulation on the use of artificial intelligence (Proposal No. 11324/25)", "url": "https://portal.al.go.leg.br/noticias/154804/em-semana-de-64-deliberacoes-casa-de-leis-aprova-saida-do-rrf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, Proposal No. 11324/25 on regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced to the Legislative Assembly of Goias. The Proposal establishes the state policy for promoting innovation in AI. The Proposal aims to promote AI and integrate this technology into education, health, agriculture, and public safety.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-07", "title": "National Data Protection Authority inquiry into processing of biometric data", "url": "https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/ts-dados-biometricos", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) closes the consultation as part of its inquiry into the processing of biometric data. The inquiry is part of item 5 on the ANPD's Regulatory Agenda for the 2025/2026 biennium and aims to analyse the necessity of regulatory intervention, considering the potential for either specific regulation or a guidance document. Under the General Data Protection Law (LGPD), biometric data is classified as sensitive personal data, subj...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-06", "title": "National Data Protection Authority guidance on neurotechnologies and data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/201cneurotecnologias201d-sao-o-tema-do-4o-volume-da-serie-radar-tecnologico-da-anpd", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-09-06 for Brazil concerning National Data Protection Authority guidance on neurotechnologies and data protection. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-07", "title": "BRICS Leaders' Statement on Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://brics.br/en/news/brics-summit-signs-historic-commitment-in-rio-for-more-inclusive-and-sustainable-governance", "description": "On 6 July 2025, the BRICS Member States Representatives adopted the Joint Declaration on Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance, including measures concerning governance of artificial intelligence (AI) following the 17th Summit. The declaration recognises AI as an opportunity for advancing global development, and the representatives stressed the importance of establishing governance frameworks that address associated risks and reflect the needs ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Administrative Council for Economic Defence investigation into Google for alleged abuse of dominance in advertising sector", "url": "https://www.gov.br/cade/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/cade-aprofunda-investigacao-sobre-praticas-do-google-e-lanca-chamada-para-contribuicoes", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Administrative Council for Economic Defence (CADE) closes the consultation on its investigation into Google for alleged abuse of dominance in the advertising sector. Originally, Google was alleged to have abused its dominant position in the advertising sector by implementing restrictive clauses into its contracts with advertisers, therefore restricting advertisers from using other search platforms, to self-preference its Google AdWords service. In 2019, CADE denied a...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Brazil-Spain renewed Memorandum of Understanding on data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-agencia-espanhola-de-protecao-de-dados-renovam-parceria-por-mais-quatro-anos", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil and the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) renewed their Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for another four years through the signing of an addendum during the 47th Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) in Seoul, South Korea. The MOU, first signed on 4 October 2021, establishes cooperation in areas including child and adolescent protection, regulatory sandbox initiatives in artificial intelligence, biometrics, blockchain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Brazil-UK Memorandum of Understanding on digital governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/governanca-digital-anpd-e-ico-do-reino-unido-firmam-parceria", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) of the United Kingdom signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 47th Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) in Seoul, South Korea, to promote mutual cooperation in digital governance with a focus on personal data protection and legal certainty. The MOU establishes provisions for the exchange of regulatory and oversight experiences, information sharing on ongoing inv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Brazil-Georgia Memorandum of Understanding on personal data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/governanca-digital-responsavel-e-foco-de-dialogo-entre-a-anpd-e-a-autoridade-de-protecao-de-dados-da-georgia", "description": "On 17 September 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil and the Personal Data Protection Service (PDPS) of Georgia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 47th Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The MOU, negotiated since December 2024 and approved in April 2025, sets out cooperation on personal data protection through technical, regulatory, and oversight collaboration. It provides for the exchange of information on investigations, jo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "National Data Protection Authority of Brazil-Dubai International Financial Centre Authority Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-autoridade-do-emirados-arabes-assinam-acordo-para-aprimorar-praticas-regulatorias", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil and the Dubai International Financial Centre Authority (DIFC) of the United Arab Emirates signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 47th Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) in Seoul, South Korea, establishing mutual cooperation in the field of personal data protection and privacy. The MOU provides a framework for collaboration through the exchange of good regulatory practices, joint research projects, technica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "National Data Protection Authority regulatory sandbox on artificial intelligence and data protection", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/apos-recursos-anpd-divulga-resultado-definitivo-do-projeto-sandbox-regulatorio", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-10-14 for Brazil concerning National Data Protection Authority regulatory sandbox on artificial intelligence and data protection. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "National Data Protection Authority regulatory and supervisory measures for implementing Law No. 15.211/2025", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-destaca-desafios-e-solucoes-no-debate-sobre-adultizacao-digital-em-seminario-da-fiesp", "description": "On 14 October 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) outlined regulatory and supervisory measures for implementing Law No. 15.211/2025, the Digital Child and Adolescent Statute (Digital ECA). The ANPD detailed that the Digital ECA complements the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) by introducing obligations for digital service providers, including age verification mechanisms, parental supervision tools, content blocking measures, prohibitions on abusive targeted advertising, and ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "National Data Protection Authority investigation into 37 technology companies compliance with Law for the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/em-acao-de-monitoramento-do-eca-digital-a-anpd-estende-o-prazo-para-que-empresas-prestem-informacoes-sobre-implementacao-das-novas-regras", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) postponed the deadline for 37 technology companies to 13 February 2026 to submit information on the implementation of technical and organisational measures under the Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents in Digital Environments (Law No. 15,211). The ANPD aims to assess the current stage of implementation of the legal requirements and map the initiatives adopted by companies that offer digital products or services ac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill mandating labelling of AI- generated digital content (PL 453/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2602287", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Bill mandating the labelling of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - generated digital content, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill requires mandatory identification of content produced wholly or partially using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and applies to digital platforms and services, including social networks, content-sharing and streaming platforms, messaging applications, websites under Brazilian domains, digital...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill on use and restrictions of artificial intelligence glasses (No. PL 19/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600015", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Bill on the use and restrictions of artificial intelligence (AI) glasses, including data protection regulation, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill regulates the conditions, duties, and restrictions on AI glasses with audio-visual capture and data processing capabilities. The Bill applies to manufacturers, developers and suppliers placing such devices on the Brazilian market. It requires a valid legal basis under the General Personal Data Protection Law...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Child and Adolescent Rights Impact Assessment requirement in Bill (PL 98/2026) amending Law No. 15,211 concerning Electronic Games", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600187", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Bill (PL 98/2026) amending Law No. 15,211 concerning Electronic Games was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill requires digital platforms to prepare and maintain a Child and Adolescent Rights Impact Assessment in the Digital Environment (RIDCA) as a governance and risk mitigation instrument. According to Article 21-C, this assessment must be completed before a platform is made available or before any relevant changes are implemented in its functionalities. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Korea-Brazil Memorandum of Understanding on broadcasting media cooperation", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=ujHjb4WS4PNnwVJtLVkcZDAtY8SM6xD7ncWutC8f.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=68142", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Korean Media and Communications Commission announced a partnership to advance cooperation in next-generation broadcasting and media technologies with Brazil. The collaboration focuses on supporting the implementation of the TV 3.0 media platform in Brazil by utilising Korean experience in ultra-high-definition broadcasting and transmission technologies. TV 3.0 is a next-generation television standard in Brazil, which merges terrestrial broadcasting with streaming to d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Ministry of Justice and Public Security investigation into TikTok over dissemination of misogynistic content", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-pede-explicacoes-ao-tiktok-sobre-trend-que-incentiva-violencia-contra-mulheres", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP), through the National Secretariat for Digital Rights (Sedigi), the National Secretariat for Public Security (Senasp), and the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon), sent a formal request for information to TikTok regarding measures adopted to address misogynistic content. The request followed the widespread circulation of the “if she says no” trend, which involved videos depicting simulated physical violence against women....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "Why AI Sandboxes matter for responsible innovation and public trust", "url": "", "description": "AI regulatory sandboxes in AI governance: benefits, design, global examples and policy insights to foster innovation, trust and compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为什么人工智能沙盒对于负责任的创新和公众信任很重要", "description_zh": "人工智能治理中的人工智能监管沙盒：好处、设计、全球实例和政策见解，以促进创新、信任和合规。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-27", "title": "Analysing simulated environments and immersive technologies in the European AI Act and Brazil’s proposed AI regulation", "url": "", "description": "Policy makers must address data privacy issues in immersive technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "分析欧洲人工智能法案和巴西拟议的人工智能法规中的模拟环境和沉浸式技术", "description_zh": "政策制定者必须解决沉浸式技术中的数据隐私问题。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-12", "title": "AI has made its way to the workplace. So how have laws kept pace?", "url": "", "description": "Some instances of emerging regulations, case law, and guidance across jurisdictions in the employment context.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能已经进入工作场所。那么法律是如何跟上步伐的呢？", "description_zh": "就业方面跨司法管辖区的新兴法规、判例法和指南的一些实例。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 October 2022", "title": "Qualification of data protection as constitutional right", "url": "http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/Emendas/Emc/emc115.htm", "description": "On 10 February 2022, the constitutional amendment PEC No. 115 is implemented, adding the protection of personal data to the list of the fundamental rights listed in the Brazilian constitution and extending the right to data protection to the digital environment. Under the new amendment, the Federal Government is responsible for legislating and supervising the protection of personal data and the way personal data is processed.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护作为宪法权利的资格", "description_zh": "2022年2月10日，第115号宪法修正案PEC实施，将个人数据保护纳入巴西宪法列出的基本权利清单，并将数据保护权利延伸至数字环境。根据新修正案，联邦政府负责立法和监督个人数据的保护以及个人数据的处理方式。" }, { "date": "8 January 2021", "title": "Data protection regulation in General Data Protection Law (Law No. 13.709)", "url": "http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2020/Lei/L14010.htm#art20", "description": "After an initial grace period, the Brazilian data protection law (Lei N° 13.709) is fully implemented and can be enforced by the Brazilian courts and responsible agencies, with the possibility to apply the penalties contained in the law. The Law unifies over 40 different statutes governing personal data protection and establishes the National Data Protection Authority as the main enforcer. The Law exposes the definitions of data controllers, processors and subjects and distinguishes between d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一般数据保护法（第 13.709 号法律）中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "经过最初的宽限期后，巴西数据保护法 (Lei N° 13.709) 已全面实施，可由巴西法院和负责机构执行，并有可能适用法律中包含的处罚。该法统一了 40 多项有关个人数据保护的不同法规，并设立国家数据保护局作为主要执行机构。该法公开了数据控制者、处理者和主体的定义，并区分了数据..." }, { "date": "26 August 2020", "title": "Establishment of Brazilian data protection agency in Decree 10474", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2020/Decreto/D10474.htm", "description": "On 26 August 2020, decree 10474 was implemented, establishing the new data protection agency (Autoridade Nacional de Protecao de Dados).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 10474 号法令设立巴西数据保护机构", "description_zh": "2020 年 8 月 26 日，第 10474 号法令生效，成立了新的数据保护机构 (Autoridade Nacional de Protecao de Dados)。" }, { "date": "13 May 2020", "title": "Content monitoring requirement in Brazilian Law on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet (Bill 2630/20)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/141944", "description": "On 13 May 2020, the Brazilian Law on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet (Bill 2630/20) including content moderation requirements, was introduced in the Senate. The Bill would prohibit social network service providers from hosting inauthentic accounts, unlabeled artificial disseminators, and sponsored content. Moreover, social network operators would be required to develop procedures to limit illicit behaviour and make public the number of posts and accounts subjected to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西互联网自由、责任和透明度法（第 2630/20 号法案）中的内容监控要求", "description_zh": "2020 年 5 月 13 日，包括内容审核要求的巴西互联网自由、责任和透明度法（第 2630/20 号法案）在参议院提出。该法案将禁止社交网络服务提供商托管不真实的帐户、未标记的人工传播者和赞助内容。此外，社交网络运营商将被要求制定程序来限制非法行为，并公开受到限制的帖子和帐户的数量......" }, { "date": "21 July 2020", "title": "Proposed federal contribution affecting digital services in Projeto de Lei n° 3887/2020", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/propostas-legislativas/2258196", "description": "Proposal for tax reform by the Ministry of Economy (Projeto de Lei 3887/2020), establishing a new Social Contribution on Transactions with Goods and Services (CBS), including digital services, is introduced into Senate.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拟议的影响 Projeto de Lei n° 3887/2020 数字服务的联邦捐款", "description_zh": "经济部的税收改革提案（Projeto de Lei 3887/2020），建立新的商品和服务交易社会贡献（CBS），包括数字服务，已提交参议院。" }, { "date": "19 August 2020", "title": "Proposed link tax in Bill 4255/2020", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/144233", "description": "The proposed bill (Projeto de Lei n° 4255) includes a requirement for digital platforms to pay news carriers for their content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第 4255/2020 号法案中拟议的链接税", "description_zh": "拟议的法案（Projeto de Lei n° 4255）包括要求数字平台向新闻媒体支付其内容费用。" }, { "date": "29 October 2020", "title": "Open banking rules in BCB Resolution No. 32", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-bcb-n-32-de-29-de-outubro-de-2020-285770861", "description": "The Brazilian Central Bank issues Resolution No. 32 which creates a technical and operational framework for open banking, allowing data sharing between providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BCB 第 32 号决议中的开放银行规则", "description_zh": "巴西中央银行发布第 32 号决议，为开放银行创建技术和运营框架，允许提供商之间共享数据。" }, { "date": "14 April 2021", "title": "Data protection rules for open banking in BCB Resolution No. 86", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-bcb-n-86-de-14-de-abril-de-2021-314565458", "description": "The Brazilian Central Bank issues Resolution No. 86 amending the previous Resolution No. 32 on open banking, introducing data protection measures regarding the data sharing enabled in the open banking rules, including transparency requirements and the obligation to create a manual for customers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BCB 第 86 号决议中的开放银行数据保护规则", "description_zh": "巴西央行发布第86号决议，修订了之前关于开放银行的第32号决议，引入了有关开放银行规则中启用的数据共享的数据保护措施，包括透明度要求和为客户创建手册的义务。" }, { "date": "7 January 2021", "title": "Anatel cybersecurity regulation for telecommunications sector (Resolution No. 740/2020)", "url": "https://sei.anatel.gov.br/sei/modulos/pesquisa/md_pesq_documento_consulta_externa.php?eEP-wqk1skrd8hSlk5Z3rN4EVg9uLJqrLYJw_9INcO760LFI_pHFdPDvhssf6GcKAE5_GJovBZUfi7_h9SO4EFu4GZ_rtRSkPAMggKV38swnbODIuh_k2ClcCwWdtg0X", "description": "The Cyber Security Regulation Applied to the Telecommunications Sector is implemented after giving providers an adaptation period of 180 days. The regulation aims to promote cybersecurity in telecommunication equipment, introducing obligations for providers to implement cybersecurity policies. In particular, the regulation establishes the principles to pursue cybersecurity measures, the minimum requirements for organizations' cyber security policy and notifications of relevant incidents, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Anatel 电信部门网络安全法规（第 740/2020 号决议）", "description_zh": "《适用于电信领域的网络安全条例》在给予提供商 180 天的适应期后实施。该法规旨在促进电信设备的网络安全，规定提供商有义务实施网络安全政策。特别是，该条例规定了采取网络安全措施的原则、组织网络安全政策的最低要求和相关事件的通知，以及……" }, { "date": "5 April 2020", "title": "Digital service tax in legislative proposal 2358/2020", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2251395", "description": "Proposed Projeto de Lei 2358/2020 includes the introduction of a digital service tax.\nSubjected services would be online advertising, operation of a platform for the purchase of goods or the provision of services, and transfer of data. The tax rate would be between 1% and 5%, depending on the revenue. Thresholds of BRL 3 billion globally and 100 million locally apply.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "立法提案 2358/2020 中的数字服务税", "description_zh": "拟议的 Projeto de Lei 2358/2020 包括引入数字服务税。\n受影响的服务包括在线广告、购买商品或提供服务的平台的运营以及数据传输。税率在 1% 到 5% 之间，具体取决于收入。全球适用的门槛为 30 亿雷亚尔，本地适用的门槛为 1 亿雷亚尔。" }, { "date": "22 May 2020", "title": "Digital service tax in Projeto de Lei Complementar (PLP) 131/2020", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/142074", "description": "Proposed Projeto de Lei Complementar 131/2020 introduces a digital service tax.\nSubjected services are operating a platform for communication purposes, sale of goods and provision of services, and online advertising. The tax rate is set at 10.6%. Monthly revenue thresholds of USD 20 million globally and BRL 6.5 million in Brazil apply.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Projeto de Lei Complementar (PLP) 131/2020 中的数字服务税", "description_zh": "拟议的 Projeto de Lei Complementar 131/2020 引入了数字服务税。\n受影响的服务是指运营用于通信目的、销售商品和提供服务以及在线广告的平台。税率定为10.6%。全球月收入门槛为 2000 万美元，巴西月收入门槛为 650 万雷亚尔。" }, { "date": "14 September 2021", "title": "Prohibition of social media platforms' content censoring", "url": "", "description": "The Supreme Federal Court, the supreme court of Brazil, has suspended the provisional measure decree (No. 1068) prohibiting social media platforms from banning certain content. This move comes on the same day as the decree was returned to President Bolsonaro by the president of the Federal Senate, effectively also nullifying the measure and preventing it from entering into law.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止社交媒体平台的内容审查", "description_zh": "巴西最高法院最高联邦法院暂停了禁止社交媒体平台禁止某些内容的临时措施令（第1068号）。此举是在联邦参议院议长将该法令返还给博尔索纳罗总统的同一天做出的，实际上也取消了该措施并阻止其成为法律。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2021", "title": "ANPD Regulation of Inspections and Sanctioning Process", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cd/anpd-n-1-de-28-de-outubro-de-2021-355817513", "description": "The board of directors of Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) has approved the Regulation of the Inspection Process and Sanctioning Administrative Process. The Regulation sets out the details of both the inspection and sanction processes which are placed under the ANPD's jurisdiction in Brazil's General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 检查和制裁流程规定", "description_zh": "巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 董事会已批准《检查流程和制裁行政流程条例》。该法规规定了巴西《通用个人数据保护法》(LGPD) 中 ANPD 管辖范围内的检查和制裁流程的细节。" }, { "date": "30 September 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in Brazil Council of Medicine resolution", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cfm-n-2.299-de-30-de-setembro-de-2021-354641952", "description": "The Federal Council of Medicine has adopted a resolution concerning the regulation of the issuance of electronic medical documents. In particular, the resolution states that, when sensitive patient data must be transmitted via the internet, cyber risk management measures and compliance with the General Data Protection Law must be guaranteed.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西医学委员会决议中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "联邦医学委员会通过了一项关于电子医疗文件发行监管的决议。该决议特别指出，当敏感的患者数据必须通过互联网传输时，必须保证网络风险管理措施和遵守《通用数据保护法》。" }, { "date": "1 April 2022", "title": "Health Confidentiality Law", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/lei-n-14.289-de-3-de-janeiro-de-2022-371717752", "description": "On 4 January 2022, law no. 14.289 protecting persons with HIV, chronic hepatitis, leprosy, and tuberculosis from the disclosure of information on their health by any public or private institution, enters into force. Information that could be used to identify the individuals suffering from these conditions is classified as confidential. The only exceptions apply when the individual has given consent or in cases determined by law (for just cause).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "健康保密法", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 4 日，第 1 号法律。第 14.289 条保护艾滋病毒、慢性肝炎、麻风病和肺结核患者免遭任何公共或私人机构披露其健康信息的条款生效。可用于识别患有这些疾病的个人的信息被列为机密信息。唯一的例外情况适用于个人同意或法律确定的情况（出于正当理由）。" }, { "date": "20 March 2022", "title": "Suspension of Telegram operations in Brazil", "url": "http://www.stf.jus.br/arquivo/cms/noticiaNoticiaStf/anexo/DecisaoTelegram20mar.pdf", "description": "On 20 March 2022, the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil revoked its previous order regarding the blocking of Telegram within the country. The company Telegram complied with the order from 19 March 2022 to appoint a legal representative within 24 hours. Furthermore, Telegram has submitted its action plan to combat disinformation and complied with the previous order regarding the suspension of Allan dos Santos's account.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西 Telegram 暂停运营", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 20 日，巴西联邦最高法院撤销了之前有关在该国境内屏蔽 Telegram 的命令。 Telegram 公司遵守了 2022 年 3 月 19 日起的命令，在 24 小时内任命了一名法定代表人。此外，Telegram 还提交了打击虚假信息的行动计划，并遵守了之前关于暂停 Allan dos Santos 账户的命令。" }, { "date": "30 August 2021", "title": "Normative Instructions on Cloud Computing Services", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/instrucao-normativa-n-5-de-30-de-agosto-de-2021-341649684", "description": "On 30 August 2021, the Brazilian government issued instructions for federal agencies concerning cloud service procurement. The guidelines outline types of cloud services and safety measures in their usage. Furthermore, they include the requirement of local data storage for any cloud service procured by the government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "云计算服务规范说明", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 30 日，巴西政府向联邦机构发布了有关云服务采购的指示。 该指南概述了云服务的类型及其使用中的安全措施。此外，它们还包括政府采购的任何云服务的本地数据存储要求。" }, { "date": "23 August 2022", "title": "Senacon investigation into Facebook over alleged illegal sharing of Brazilians' personal data with Cambridge Analytica", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/facebook-e-condenado-a-pagar-r-6-6-mi-por-vazar-dados-de-usuarios", "description": "On 23 August 2022, the Brazilian National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) issued a fine of BRL 6.6 million to Facebook following an investigation which determined that the company shared illegally the data of Brazilian users. The Senacon stated that Facebook’s sharing of the data of approximately 443’000 Brazilians with Cambridge Analytica in 2018 was illegal. Furthermore, Senacon noted that the company failed to develop a privacy policy that would allow for such transfers, inform users about ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Senacon 对 Facebook 涉嫌与剑桥分析公司非法共享巴西人个人数据展开调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 23 日，巴西国家消费者秘书处 (Senacon) 在调查确定 Facebook 非法共享巴西用户数据后，对 Facebook 处以 660 万雷亚尔的罚款。 Senacon 表示，Facebook 在 2018 年与 Cambridge Analytica 共享约 443,000 名巴西人的数据是非法的。此外，Senacon 指出，该公司未能制定允许此类传输的隐私政策，未能告知用户......" }, { "date": "28 September 2022", "title": "ANPD: Guidelines on the Processing of High-Risk Personal Data", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias-periodo-eleitoral/aberta-consulta-publica-sobre-tratamento-de-dados-pessoais-de-alto-risco", "description": "On 28 September 2022, Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) closed its consultation on the Guidelines on the Processing of High-Risk Personal Data. The Guidelines are intended to help data processors evaluate whether their processing practices meet the criteria for high-risk processing under Article 4 of the Law on General Personal Data Protection (LGPD). According to Article 4, to be classified as high-risk processing, an activity has to meet at least one general and one specifi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ANPD：高风险个人数据处理指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 28 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 结束了对《高风险个人数据处理指南》的咨询。该指南旨在帮助数据处理者评估其处理实践是否符合《一般个人数据保护法》(LGPD) 第 4 条规定的高风险处理标准。根据第 4 条，要被归类为高风险处理，一项活动必须满足至少一项一般性和一项特定性..." }, { "date": "20 October 2022", "title": "Removal of content from digital platforms during electoral process", "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Outubro/tse-aprova-resolucao-para-dar-mais-efetividade-ao-combate-a-desinformacao-no-processo-eleitoral", "description": "On 20 October 2022, the Brazilian Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) approved a resolution to combat misinformation published on digital platforms that are considered to compromise the integrity of the presidential electoral process. The resolution empowers the President of the TSE to order digital platforms to immediately remove the URL, URI or URN containing false or defamatory news of presidential candidates under penalty of a fine of BRL 100.000 per hour of non-compliance. Further, content ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在选举过程中从数字平台删除内容", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 20 日，巴西最高选举法庭 (TSE) 批准了一项决议，打击数字平台上发布的被认为损害总统选举程序完整性的错误信息。该决议授权 TSE 主席命令数字平台立即删除包含总统候选人虚假或诽谤性新闻的 URL、URI 或 URN，违规行为将被处以每小时 100,000 雷亚尔的罚款。此外，内容..." }, { "date": "11 April 2022", "title": "2023-2024 Regulatory Agenda of Brazilian Data Protection Agency (ANPD)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-anpd-n-35-de-4-de-novembro-de-2022-442057885", "description": "On 3 November 2022, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANDP) published its Regulatory Agenda for 2023-2024. The Agenda outlines 20 initiatives which are classified in three phases according to their order of importance. The Agenda notably covers, among others, the following issues: regulation of administrative sanctions by the ANDP; regulation of data subject rights and international transfer of information under the Data Protection Law; artificial intelligence; sensitive and b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西数据保护局 (ANPD) 2023-2024 年监管议程", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 3 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANDP) 发布了 2023-2024 年监管议程。该议程概述了 20 项举措，根据重要性顺序分为三个阶段。除其他外，该议程特别涵盖以下问题： ANDP 对行政制裁的监管；根据数据保护法规范数据主体权利和国际信息传输；人工智能;敏感且..." }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "Brazilian ratification of Convention on Cybercrime", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/0900001680a93e41", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) entered into force for Brazil. Brazil adhered to the Convention on 30 November 2022. The Convention enables competent authorities in a ratifying state to request the information needed to identify the owner of domain names registered in the territory of another party state for the purposes of a criminal investigation. Further, the competent authorities of a ratifying state will be able to directly request subscriber informati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西批准《网络犯罪公约》", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 1 日，《网络犯罪公约》（《布达佩斯公约》）对巴西生效。巴西于 2022 年 11 月 30 日加入该公约。该公约允许批准国的主管当局出于刑事调查的目的索取识别在另一缔约国境内注册的域名所有者所需的信息。此外，批准国的主管当局将能够直接要求订户信息......" }, { "date": "27 February 2023", "title": "ANDP Regulation of Dosimetry and Application of Administrative Penalties", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-publica-regulamento-de-dosimetria", "description": "On 27 February 2023, Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANDP) published the \"Regulation of Dosimetry and Application of Administrative Penalties\", which entered into force on the same day of its publication. The Regulation aims to promote the effectiveness in implementing the administrative sanctions provided for in the General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD) by setting a methodology for the ANDP to apply sanctions based on the principle of proportionality. In particular, the Re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANDP 剂量测定法规和行政处罚的适用", "description_zh": "2023年2月27日，巴西国家数据保护局（ANDP）发布了《剂量测定和行政处罚适用条例》，并于发布当日生效。该条例旨在通过为 ANDP 基于比例原则实施制裁制定方法，提高实施一般个人数据保护法 (LGPD) 规定的行政制裁的有效性。特别是，重新..." }, { "date": "3 July 2023", "title": "Lawsuit involving right to compensation for alleged damages following data breach (Eletropaulo v De Souza)", "url": "https://www.stj.jus.br/sites/portalp/Paginas/Comunicacao/Noticias/2023/17032023-Titular-de-dados-vazados-deve-comprovar-dano-efetivo-ao-buscar-indenizacao--decide-Segunda-Turma.aspx", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the Second Panel of Brazil's Supreme Court of Justice issued its ruling on the Eletropaulo v De Souz case, involving the right to compensation under Law for the General Protection of Personal Data (LGPD) for alleged damages following a data breach, overturning the previous ruling in the case. The plaintiff claimed that her personal data was leaked, including name, date of birth, address and identification document number, and later shared with third parties and \"generated pot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉及数据泄露后所称损害赔偿权的诉讼（Eletropaulo v De Souza）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 7 日，巴西最高法院第二合议庭就 Eletropaulo 诉 De Souz 案作出裁决，该案涉及个人数据一般保护法 (LGPD) 规定的因数据泄露造成的损害获得赔偿的权利，推翻了此前对该案的裁决。原告声称，她的个人数据被泄露，包括姓名、出生日期、地址和身份证件号码，后来与第三方共享并“生成锅..." }, { "date": "24 March 2023", "title": "Order requiring removal of credit card scam content from Google and Facebook", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacon-exige-retirada-de-conteudo-ilicito-de-plataformas-digitais", "description": "On 24 March 2023, the Brazilian National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security issued an order that applies to the Brazilian offices of Google and Facebook regarding the removal of illegal content. Specifically, the illegal content in question is associated with an online credit card scam. If Google and Facebook do not remove the content and exclude similar content from their platforms within 48 hours of notification, they will be subject to a daily...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "要求从 Google 和 Facebook 中删除信用卡诈骗内容的命令", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 24 日，司法和公安部下属的巴西国家消费者秘书处 (Senacon) 发布了一项适用于 Google 和 Facebook 巴西办事处的删除非法内容的命令。具体来说，相关非法内容与在线信用卡诈骗有关。 如果 Google 和 Facebook 未在收到通知后 48 小时内删除该内容并从其平台中排除类似内容，他们将受到每日..." }, { "date": "31 March 2023", "title": "ANPD clarification regarding qualifications for data protection officer and LGPD compliance seals", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-esclarece-duvidas-sobre-a-atuacao-do-encarregado-e-a-emissao-de-selos-de-conformidade-com-a-lgpd", "description": "On 31 March 2023, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) issued a notice clarifying the data controller's obligation to appoint a data protection officer under the Law on General Personal Data Protection (LGPD) and the validity of the compliance seals provided by private entities. In particular, the ANPD stated that LGPD requires the data controllers to appoint a data protection officer, but it does not outline specific norms, qualifications or performance requirements that an individu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于数据保护官员和 LGPD 合规印章资格的澄清", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 31 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 发布通知，明确数据控制者根据《一般个人数据保护法》(LGPD) 任命数据保护官的义务以及私人实体提供的合规印章的有效性。 ANPD 特别指出，LGPD 要求数据控制者任命一名数据保护官，但没有概述个人..." }, { "date": "14 April 2023", "title": "Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing in China- Brazil Memorandum of Understanding on Strengthening Cooperation on Investments in the Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mdic/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2023/abril/memorando-economia-digital-final.docx/view", "description": "On 14 April 2023, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services of the Federative Republic of Brazil signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Strengthening Cooperation on Investments in the Digital Economy. In particular, under the MoU, the parties agreed to increase cooperation in developing the digital economy infrastructure, including broadband, computational infrastructure such as data processing centres and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中巴人工智能和云计算合作关于加强数字经济投资合作的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2023年4月14日，中华人民共和国商务部与巴西联邦共和国发展、工业、贸易和服务部签署《关于加强数字经济投资合作的谅解备忘录》。特别是，根据谅解备忘录，双方同意加强在发展数字经济基础设施方面的合作，包括宽带、数据处理中心等计算基础设施和……" }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Senacon Order No 1/2023 notifying social media platform Facebook of obligations under Ordinance No. 351/2023", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacon-notifica-plataformas-digitais-sobre-conteudos-violentos", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Brazilian National Secretariat for Consumers (Senacom) adopted Order No. 1/2023 requiring social media platform Facebook to submit, within 72 hours, a report on the measures adopted to monitor, limit and restrict online content that promotes violence against schools and students. The information is being requested as provided by Ordinance No. 351/2023 which entered into force on 13 April 2023, outlining content obligations for social networks in connection with attacks o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Senacon 第 1/2023 号命令，通知社交媒体平台 Facebook 第 351/2023 号条例规定的义务", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，巴西国家消费者秘书处 (Senacom) 通过了第 1/2023 号命令，要求社交媒体平台 Facebook 在 72 小时内提交一份报告，说明为监测、限制和限制宣扬暴力侵害学校和学生的在线内容所采取的措施。根据 2023 年 4 月 13 日生效的第 351/2023 号法令要求提供这些信息，该法令概述了社交网络与攻击相关的内容义务。" }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Ordinance No. 351/2023 establishing administrative measures for preventing the dissemination of harmful content by social media platforms", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-mjsp-n-351-de-12-de-abril-de-2023-476702096", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Ordinance No. 351/2023, establishing administrative measures for preventing the dissemination of harmful content by social media platforms, entered into force following its publication in the Official Diary of the Union. The Ordinance empowers the National Secretariat for Public Security (Senasp) to coordinate the submission by social media platforms of data that allows the identification of a user disseminating content promoting violence in schools. Senasp will also be ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 351/2023 号法令规定了防止社交媒体平台传播有害内容的行政措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，第 351/2023 号法令制定了防止社交媒体平台传播有害内容的行政措施，该法令在《欧盟官方日记》上发布后生效。该条例授权国家公共安全秘书处（Senasp）协调社交媒体平台提交的数据，以识别传播宣扬校园暴力内容的用户。 Senasp 也将..." }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Decree No. 11.491 enacting the Convention on Cybercrime", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/decreto-n-11.491-de-12-de-abril-de-2023-476680563", "description": "On 13 April 2023, Decree No. 11.491 enacting the Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) was published in the Brazilian Official Gazette. Brazil adhered to the Convention on 30 November 2022 and entered into force on 1 March 2023. The Convention enables competent authorities in a ratifying state to request the information needed to identify the owner of domain names registered in the territory of another party state for the purposes of a criminal investigation. Further, the competent a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "颁布《网络犯罪公约》的第 11.491 号法令", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，颁布《网络犯罪公约》（《布达佩斯公约》）的第 11.491 号法令在巴西官方公报上发布。巴西于 2022 年 11 月 30 日加入该公约，并于 2023 年 3 月 1 日生效。该公约使批准国的主管当局可以出于刑事调查的目的索取识别在另一缔约国境内注册的域名所有者所需的信息。此外，主管人员..." }, { "date": "20 April 2023", "title": "Evaluation of social media platforms' measures to prevent content promoting violence in schools", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-apresenta-balanco-da-operacao-escola-segura", "description": "On 20 April 2023, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) released the first evaluation of “Operation Safe School”, which includes the implementation of administrative measures for preventing the dissemination of harmful content by social media platforms promoting violence in schools. In particular, the MSP announced that, to date, there had been 812 requests to remove content from social media networks inciting or condoning crimes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对社交媒体平台防止宣扬校园暴力内容的措施的评估", "description_zh": "2023年4月20日，司法公安部发布了首次“平安校园行动”评估，其中包括落实防止社交媒体平台传播宣扬校园暴力的有害内容的行政措施。特别是，MSP 宣布，迄今为止，已有 812 项要求从社交媒体网络中删除煽动或纵容犯罪的内容。" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "ANPD preliminary analysis of data protection standards regarding Law 2630/20", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/contribuicao-preliminar-para-o-debate-publico-sobre-a-lei-de-liberdade-responsabilidade-e-transparencia-na-internet", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Data Protection Authority (ANDP) issued a preliminary analysis of the Internet Freedom, Accountability and Transparency Act (law 2630/20), currently under deliberation in the National Congress. The law would establish data protection standards, rules for data access for research purposes and consent-based data processing requirements. The ANDP points out that the law would attribute the data protection oversight to an \"autonomous supervisory entity\", which could be in di...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 对第 2630/20 号法律数据保护标准的初步分析", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 27 日，数据保护局 (ANDP) 发布了对《互联网自由、问责和透明度法案》（第 2630/20 号法律）的初步分析，目前国会正在审议。该法律将制定数据保护标准、用于研究目的的数据访问规则以及基于同意的数据处理要求。 ANDP 指出，该法律将把数据保护监督权归于“自治监管实体”，这可能会导致数据保护问题。" }, { "date": "4 October 2023", "title": "MJSP policy demanding removal of content from digital platforms that threaten or support attacks on schools", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-reune-se-com-plataformas-digitais-para-cobrar-celeridade-na-retirada-de-conteudos-que-ameacem-ou-facam-apologia-a-ataques-em-escolas", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Brazilian Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) adopted a policy demanding removing content from digital platforms that threaten or support school attacks. The policy applies to platforms with user-generated content, search service providers, and messaging service providers. The MJSP has met with representatives from various digital platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Kwai, TikTok, WhatsApp, Twitter, Youtube, and Google, to demand that they remove content ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MJSP 政策要求从数字平台上删除威胁或支持袭击学校的内容", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 10 日，巴西司法和公共安全部 (MJSP) 通过了一项政策，要求从数字平台中删除威胁或支持学校袭击的内容。该政策适用于拥有用户生成内容的平台、搜索服务提供商和消息服务提供商。 MJSP 会见了 Facebook、Instagram、Kwai、TikTok、WhatsApp、Twitter、Youtube 和 Google 等多个数字平台的代表，要求他们删除内容……" }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "Regulations for Reporting Security Incidents with Personal Data", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/aberta-consulta-publica-sobre-norma-de-comunicacao-de-incidente-de-seguranca-com-dados-pessoais", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) of Brazil closed its consultation on the draft Regulations for Reporting Security Incidents with Personal Data. The draft Regulations set out the standard reporting requirements for security incidents, as required by Art.48 of the General Data Protection Law (LGPD). The draft Regulations require controllers to notify both the ANPD and the affected parties of security incidents where there is significant risk or damage in relation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人数据安全事件报告规定", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，巴西国家数据保护局（ANPD）结束了《个人数据安全事件报告条例》草案的磋商。根据《通用数据保护法》(LGPD) 第 48 条的要求，条例草案规定了安全事件的标准报告要求。条例草案要求控制者将存在重大风险或损害的安全事件通知 ANPD 和受影响的各方……" }, { "date": "5 February 2023", "title": "Federal Police investigation into Google, Meta, Spotify and Brasil Paralelo over alleged misleading advertising on Bill 2630/20", "url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/noticias/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=506578&ori=1", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) issued its ruling in the Federal Police investigation into Google, Meta, Spotify and Brasil Paralelo over alleged misleading advertising on the Brazilian Law on Freedom, Responsibility and Transparency on the Internet (Bill 2630/20). The STF ordered Google, Meta, Spotify and Brasil Paralelo to remove all content related to the Google blog post containing information classified as misleading on Bill 2630/20 within an hour. In case of non-complianc...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦警察因涉嫌在第 2630/20 号法案上发布误导性广告而对 Google、Meta、Spotify 和 Brasil Paralelo 进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 2 日，联邦最高法院 (STF) 在联邦警察对 Google、Meta、Spotify 和 Brasil Paralelo 的调查中发布裁决，指控其在《巴西互联网自由、责任和透明度法》（第 2630/20 号法案）中投放误导性广告。 STF 命令 Google、Meta、Spotify 和 Brasil Paralelo 在一个小时内删除与 Google 博客文章相关的所有内容，其中包含被归类为第 2630/20 号法案误导性信息的内容。若不符合规定..." }, { "date": "19 November 2020", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Bill 4723/20 amending General Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/propostas-legislativas/2263413", "description": "On 19 November 2020, Bill 4723/20, amending General Data Protection Law, including data localisation requirements, was rejected. The Bill was withdrawn from consideration through application no. 2654/2020. The Bill would have required the personal data of Brazilian residents to be stored within the country. Furthermore, the Bill would have prohibited entities from using cloud computing services to process personal data if the data had been stored outside the country.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《通用数据保护法》的第 4723/20 号法案中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 19 日，修订《通用数据保护法》（包括数据本地化要求）的第 4723/20 号法案被拒绝。该法案通过申请号被撤回审议。 2654/2020。该法案要求巴西居民的个人数据存储在该国境内。此外，如果数据存储在国外，该法案将禁止实体使用云计算服务处理个人数据。" }, { "date": "7 January 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Central Bank of Brazil Resolution 4893/2021", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cmn-n-4.893-de-26-de-fevereiro-de-2021-305689973", "description": "On 1 July 2021, the Central Bank of Brazil Resolution 4893/2021, outlining cybersecurity measures for providers of data processing and storage and cloud computing services contracted by the Central Bank, was implemented. In particular, the Resolution requires providers to implement and maintain a cybersecurity policy that follows confidentiality, integrity and data availability principles. The providers are required to provide information to the Central Bank on the measures implemented to pre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西中央银行网络安全监管第 4893/2021 号决议", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 1 日，巴西中央银行实施了第 4893/2021 号决议，概述了中央银行签约的数据处理和存储以及云计算服务提供商的网络安全措施。该决议特别要求提供商实施和维护遵循机密性、完整性和数据可用性原则的网络安全政策。提供商必须向中央银行提供有关为预防......而采取的措施的信息。" }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Data protection measures in Bill No. 2338 of 2023 regulating the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Brazilian Senate passed Bill No. 2338 of 2023, which regulates the use of artificial intelligence and outlines data protection measures. The bill requires providers of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to comply with individuals' right to privacy and protection of personal data, based on the General Data Protection Law. It requires providers to inform individuals if they are exposed to emotion recognition systems or biometric categorisation systems, and the data us...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年第 2338 号法案中规范人工智能使用的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 10 日，巴西参议院通过了 2023 年第 2338 号法案，该法案规范人工智能的使用并概述数据保护措施。该法案要求人工智能（AI）系统提供商根据《通用数据保护法》遵守个人隐私权和个人数据保护。它要求提供商告知个人是否接触了情绪识别系统或生物识别分类系统，并且我们的数据......" }, { "date": "5 December 2023", "title": "Data protection standards in the pharmacutical industry", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-divulga-nota-tecnica-sobre-tratamento-de-dados-pessoais-no-setor-farmaceutico/NotaTcnica4.pdf", "description": "On 12 May 2023, Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) closed its inquiry into the data protection practices of the pharmaceutical sector with the publication of a report. The inquiry was initiated on 5 May 2021. In the report, the ANPD laid out its methodology in conducting the inquiry, including conducting analysis of privacy policies and holding topical workshops with industry representatives. The ANPD concluded that, in general, data protection standards in the industry during...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "制药行业的数据保护标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 12 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 发布了一份报告，结束了对制药行业数据保护实践的调查。该调查于 2021 年 5 月 5 日启动。在报告中，ANPD 阐述了进行调查的方法，包括对隐私政策进行分析以及与行业代表举行专题研讨会。 ANPD 的结论是，总的来说，行业中的数据保护标准......" }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "ANPD statement on processing of personal data of children and adolescents under LGPD", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/enunciado-cd/anpd-n-1-de-22-de-maio-de-2023-485306934", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the National Data Protection Authority's (ANPD) statement on the processing of personal data of children and adolescents under the Law for the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD) enters into force. In particular, the statement specifies that the processing of personal data of children and adolescents is allowed under LGPD if it complies with Article 7, which outlines the circumstances under which the processing of data is allowed, such as consent provided by the data subject, l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于根据 LGPD 处理儿童和青少年个人数据的声明", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 关于根据个人数据保护法 (LGPD) 处理儿童和青少年个人数据的声明生效。该声明特别指出，如果符合第 7 条，则根据 LGPD 允许处理儿童和青少年的个人数据，该条概述了允许处理数据的情况，例如数据主体提供的同意、..." }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "Gecradi investigation into Google for the availability of Game \"Slavery Simulator\" on its Play Store", "url": "https://www.mpsp.mp.br/w/gecradi-instaura-procedimento-para-apurar-simulador-de-escravid%C3%A3o-", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the Special Group to Combat Racial Crimes and Intolerance (Gecradi) from the Public Ministry of Sao Paulo State opened an investigation into Google for the availability of Game \"Slavery Simulator\" on its Play Store. The Gecradi requested Google to provide details about the game Simulador de Escravidão (Slavery Simulator) availability period on its Play Store, information regarding its internal administrative procedure for approving applications that are displayed in the AppSt...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gecradi 就其 Play 商店上的游戏“奴隶模拟器”的可用性对 Google 进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，圣保罗州公共部打击种族犯罪和不容忍特别小组 (Gecradi) 就 Google Play 商店中是否存在“奴隶模拟器”游戏展开调查。 Gecradi 要求谷歌提供有关其 Play 商店中游戏 Simulador de Escravidão（奴隶模拟器）的可用期限的详细信息，以及有关其批准在 AppSt 中显示的应用程序的内部管理程序的信息。" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "Ordinance 36 establishing a working group for drawing up recommendations for the regulation of Video on Demand", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-minc-n-36-de-6-de-junho-de-2023-488471468", "description": "On 14 June 2023, Ordinance 36, establishing a working group for drawing up recommendations for the regulation of Video on Demand (VoD) adopted by the Ministry of Culture, entered into force. The working group should issue recommendations while considering what type of Brazilian content exists on the platforms, how to continuously protect copyright and intellectual property rights, and relevant regulatory issues. The working group has 30 days to submit regulation recommendations.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 36 条条例成立工作组，起草视频点播监管建议", "description_zh": "2023年6月14日，文化部通过的第36号条例生效，该条例成立了一个工作组，负责起草视频点播（VoD）监管建议。工作组应在考虑平台上存在哪些类型的巴西内容、如何持续保护版权和知识产权以及相关监管问题的同时提出建议。工作组有 30 天的时间提交监管建议。" }, { "date": "26 June 2023", "title": "ANDP Guidance on the Processing of Personal Data for Academic Purposes", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-lanca-guia-orientativo-sobre-tratamento-de-dados-pessoais-para-fins-academicos", "description": "On 26 June 2023, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANDP) published the Guidance on the Processing of Personal Data for Academic Purposes. The Guidance provides clarification on the practical implementation of the regulations contained in the Brazilian General Law for the Protection of Personal Data on the processing, access and sharing of personal data used for academic purposes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANDP 关于出于学术目的处理个人数据的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 26 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANDP) 发布了《出于学术目的处理个人数据的指南》。该指南对《巴西个人数据保护普通法》中有关处理、访问和共享用于学术目的的个人数据的规定的实际实施进行了澄清。" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "ANPD model for simplified registration of operations with personal data for Small-Scale Treatment Agents (ATPP)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/documentos-e-publicacoes/modelo_de_ropa_para_atpp.pdf", "description": "On 14 June 2023, the Brazil National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published a model for simplified registration of operations with personal data for Small-Scale Treatment Agents (ATPP) to facilitate the processing of personal data. The model includes essential fields for providing basic information to the authority for inspection purposes. It consists of eight fields, such as contact information, categories of holders, security measures, sharing, comments, personal data, storage period, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 模型，用于简化小型处理剂 (ATPP) 个人数据操作注册", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 14 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 发布了一种简化小型处理剂 (ATPP) 个人数据运营注册的模型，以促进个人数据的处理。该模型包括向当局提供基本信息以进行检查的基本字段。由联系方式、持有者类别、安全措施、分享、评论、个人数据、存储期限等八个字段组成。" }, { "date": "7 June 2023", "title": "ANPD investigation into Telekall regarding violations of LGPD", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-aplica-a-primeira-multa-por-descumprimento-a-lgpd", "description": "On 6 July 2023, the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) issued a ruling against Telekall Inforservice over the processing of personal data under the LGPD. The ANPD's General Inspection Coordination (CGF/ANPD) initiated an administrative sanction procedure after a complaint that Telekall had offered a list of WhatsApp contacts for campaign purposes during the 2020 municipal elections, and, after reviewing, has issued a sanction against Telekall for violating the Brazilian Gener...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 就 Telekall 违反 LGPD 的行为展开调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 6 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 就 Telekall Inforservice 根据 LGPD 处理个人数据的行为作出裁决。 ANPD 总监察协调部 (CGF/ANPD) 在收到投诉称 Telekall 在 2020 年市政选举期间提供了用于竞选目的的 WhatsApp 联系人名单后启动了行政制裁程序，并在审查后对 Telekall 因违反巴西总监察法而发出了制裁。" }, { "date": "16 November 2023", "title": "Senacon investigation into Facebook and Google over displayed advertisements containing alleged misinformation about Desenrola Brasil program", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-aplica-multa-de-r-150-mil-por-dia-a-meta-por-manter-no-ar-oferta-falsa-vinculada-a-programa-do-governo", "description": "On 16 November 2023, the National Consumer Secretariat of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Senacon) announced that it had imposed a BRL 150'000 daily fine on Meta, the parent company of Facebook, for displaying false paid advertising against government program Desenrola. Previously, on 26 July 2023, Senacon issued an order requiring Facebook and Google to delete advertisements containing misinformation about the Desenrola Brasil program. The Desenrola program was launched by the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Senacon 对 Facebook 和 Google 因展示的广告涉嫌包含有关 Desenrola Brasil 计划的错误信息而进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 16 日，司法和公安部国家消费者秘书处 (Senacon) 宣布对 Facebook 母公司 Meta 处以每日 15 万雷亚尔的罚款，原因是针对政府项目 Desenrola 展示虚假付费广告。此前，Senacon 于 2023 年 7 月 26 日发布命令，要求 Facebook 和 Google 删除包含有关 Desenrola Brasil 计划错误信息的广告。 Desenrola 计划由...发起" }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "Bill on rights of users of social media networks (PL 592/2023)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/155906?_gl=1*hwzqe3*_ga*Mzg1ODI2Mzc0LjE2OTA4MTIyMDU.*_ga_CW3ZH25XMK*MTY5MDgxMjIwNC4xLjAuMTY5MDgxMjIwNC4wLjAuMA..", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the Commission for Communication and Digital Law (CCDD) approved the Bill on the rights of users of social media networks (PL 592/2023). The proposed legislation aims to amend the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law No. 12.965/2014) and (Law No. 9.610/1998), with the explicit objective of defining the rights and protections provided to users of social networks and establishing regulations regarding content moderation by service providers. In particular, the Bill aim...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体网络用户权利法案（PL 592/2023）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 20 日，通信和数字法委员会 (CCDD) 批准了《社交媒体网络用户权利法案》(PL 592/2023)。拟议的立法旨在修订互联网民权框架（第 12.965/2014 号法律）和（第 9.610/1998 号法律），其明确目标是界定向社交网络用户提供的权利和保护，并制定有关服务提供商内容审核的法规。特别是，该法案的目标..." }, { "date": "23 August 2025", "title": "Regulation of cross-border transfers of personal data and model of standard contractual clauses", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cd/anpd-n-19-de-23-de-agosto-de-2024-580095396", "description": "On 23 August 2025, the transitional period established under Resolution CD/National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) No. 19 expired, requiring all data processing agents relying on contractual clauses for international transfers to have incorporated the ANPD-approved standard contractual clauses into their contractual instruments. From this date, compliance with the standard contractual clauses became mandatory, in addition to the immediate obligations already in force since 23 August 2024 co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据跨境传输的监管和标准合同条款的范本", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 23 日，CD/国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 第 19 号决议规定的过渡期到期，要求所有依赖国际传输合同条款的数据处理代理将 ANPD 批准的标准合同条款纳入其合同文书中。从即日起，除了自 2024 年 8 月 23 日起生效的立即义务外，遵守标准合同条款也成为强制性的。" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "ANPD Guidance on Legal Hypotheses for Data Processing and Legitimate Interest", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-lanca-guia-orientativo-sobre-legitimo-interesse", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published a Guidance on Legal Hypotheses for Data Processing and Legitimate Interest. The processing based on legitimate interest is established in Article 7 of the General Law for the Protection of Personal Data (No. 13,709), and the guidance clarifies key aspects for applying the legal concept of legitimate interest by controllers or third parties, including within the framework of public authorities. It provides clarificatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于数据处理和合法利益的法律假设的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 2 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 发布了数据处理和合法利益的法律假设指南。 《个人数据保护普通法》（第 13,709 号）第 7 条规定了基于合法利益的处理，该指南阐明了控制者或第三方（包括在公共机构框架内）应用合法利益法律概念的关键方面。它提供了澄清..." }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law for the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments (Bill 2628/22)", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/L15211.htm", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the Bill on the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments (Law No. 15,211) enters into force. The Law establishes principles of safety, best interests, and age-appropriate use. Providers must prevent risks such as abuse, exploitation, gambling, predatory advertising, and harmful content. Profiling, emotional analysis, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality targeting, and monetising sexualised child content are prohibited. Platforms must report suspected crime...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字环境中儿童和青少年保护法中的内容审核规定（第 2628/22 号法案）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 17 日，《数字环境中保护儿童和青少年法案》（第 15,211 号法）生效。该法确立了安全、最佳利益和适合年龄使用的原则。提供商必须防止滥用、剥削、赌博、掠夺性广告和有害内容等风险。禁止进行剖析、情感分析、增强现实/虚拟现实定位以及将色情儿童内容货币化。平台必须报告涉嫌犯罪..." }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "PL 2355/2023 to amend the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (No. 12.965)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao/?idProposicao=2359998", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies introduced a Bill (PL 2355/2023) to amend the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (No. 12.965). This Bill ensures that the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (No. 12.965) is also applicable to social networks. The Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (No. 12.965) establishes principles, rights, and responsibilities for Internet use in Brazil. It emphasises the importance of freedom of expression, the protection of privacy and person...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PL 2355/2023 修订互联网民权框架（编号 12.965）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 4 日，巴西众议院提出一项法案 (PL 2355/2023)，以修订互联网民权框架（第 12.965 号）。该法案确保互联网民权框架（第 12.965 号）也适用于社交网络。互联网民权框架（第 12.965 号）规定了巴西互联网使用的原则、权利和责任。它强调言论自由、保护隐私和人身的重要性......" }, { "date": "14 August 2023", "title": "Bill banning the development and commercialisation of software and apps designed for generating obscene content (PL 3902/2023)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2379020", "description": "On 14 August 2023, the Bill banning the development and commercialization of software and apps designed for generating fake explicit or obscene content (PL 3902/2023) was introduced in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Bill aims to amend the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law No. 12.965) to prohibit the use, creation, distribution, and marketing of applications and programs designed for generating false pornographic or obscene images and videos, commonly referred to as deep nu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止开发和商业化旨在生成淫秽内容的软件和应用程序的法案 (PL 3902/2023)", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 14 日，巴西众议院提出了禁止开发和商业化旨在生成虚假露骨或淫秽内容的软件和应用程序的法案 (PL 3902/2023)。该法案旨在修订互联网民权框架（第 12.965 号法律），禁止使用、创建、分发和营销旨在生成虚假色情或淫秽图像和视频（通常称为深度裸体）的应用程序和程序。" }, { "date": "24 September 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on unauthorised use of image on Google Maps (Evany v Google Brazil)", "url": "https://esaj.tjsp.jus.br/cjsg/getArquivo.do?cdAcordao=17177461&cdForo=0", "description": "On 24 September 2023, the Court of Justice of the State of Sao Paulo issued a ruling in a claim against Google submitted by Maria de Jesus Evany after Google Maps displayed a partial image of her face at the residence where she worked. The claimant had previously issued two requests for Google to remove her picture in order to avoid identification. The Court found that displaying the image without consent violates the claimant’s personality rights and ordered Google to pay BRL 15'000 as compe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于未经授权使用 Google 地图上的图像的诉讼（Evany 诉 Google 巴西）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 24 日，圣保罗州法院对玛丽亚·德·赫苏斯·埃瓦尼 (Maria de Jesus Evany) 向谷歌提出的索赔作出裁决，因为谷歌地图显示了她工作住所的部分脸部图像。索赔人此前曾两次请求谷歌删除她的照片，以避免身份识别。法院认为未经原告同意展示该图片侵犯了原告的人格权，并责令谷歌支付 15,000 雷亚尔作为赔偿..." }, { "date": "23 October 2023", "title": "Senacon Investigation into RaiaDrogasil Regarding Consumer Personal Data Handling", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacon-notifica-raiadrogasil-sobre-tratamento-indevido-de-dados-pessoais-dos-consumidores", "description": "On 23 October 2023, Senacon, Brazil's Consumer Protection Authority, opened an investigation into pharmacy company RaiaDrogasil's alleged collection of health-related information without explicit consent from customers. RaiaDrogasil was requested to provide a clarification about the collection of sensitive health data which, according to Senacon, was used in to carry out targeted advertising. \nRaiaDrogasil is required to answer the request within 10 days from the knowledge of notification, pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Senacon 对 RaiaDrogasil 有关消费者个人数据处理的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 23 日，巴西消费者保护局 Senacon 对制药公司 RaiaDrogasil 涉嫌在未经客户明确同意的情况下收集健康相关信息的行为展开调查。 RaiaDrogasil 被要求就敏感健康数据的收集提供澄清，据 Senacon 称，这些数据被用于开展有针对性的广告。 \nRaiaDrogasil 必须在收到通知后 10 天内答复请求，..." }, { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "Bill regulating social media providers (PL 3644/2023)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2374613", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the Bill regulating users' rights in interactions with social media providers (PL 3644/2023) was introduced in the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Bill amends the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law No. 12.965), establishing principles, rights, and responsibilities for Internet use in Brazil. In particular, the Bill outlines users' rights in their interactions with online platforms, including messaging providers. It affirms the right to access information about co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "监管社交媒体提供商的法案 (PL 3644/2023)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 31 日，巴西众议院提出了规范用户与社交媒体提供商互动权利的法案 (PL 3644/2023)。该法案修订了互联网民权框架（第 12.965 号法律），确立了巴西互联网使用的原则、权利和责任。该法案特别概述了用户与在线平台（包括消息传递提供商）互动的权利。它确认了获取有关公司信息的权利..." }, { "date": "25 October 2023", "title": "Civil Lawsuit on freedom of the press and online censorship (Intercept Brasil v. Souto)", "url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/noticias/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=517208&ori=1", "description": "On 25 October 2023, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) issued a decision suspending the decision of a lower court (Bahia Justice Department) which had ordered the withdrawal of reports published on the website of Intercept Brasil regarding the murder of a political activist. The STF emphasises the importance of freedom of expression and information and rejects pre-censorship, as stated in Decision ADPF 130. Restrictions on freedom of expression must be ex-post and well justified. The STF stated ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于新闻自由和网络审查制度的民事诉讼（Intercept Brasil 诉 Souto）", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 25 日，联邦最高法院 (STF) 发布决定，暂停下级法院（巴伊亚司法部）的决定，该决定下令撤回 Intercept Brasil 网站上发布的有关一名政治活动家被谋杀的报告。正如 ADPF 130 号决定所述，STF 强调言论和信息自由的重要性，并拒绝预先审查。对言论自由的限制必须是事后且有充分理由的。 STF 表示..." }, { "date": "11 January 2023", "title": "Bill establishing the General Data Empowerment Law providing for the Brazilian data monetization ecosystem (PLP 234/2023)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2401133", "description": "On 1 November 2023, the Bill establishing the General Data Empowerment Law providing for the Brazilian data monetisation ecosystem (PLP 234/2023) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. In particular, the Bill introduces amendments to several existing laws, such as some contained in the General Data Protection Act (LGPD), with the aim of defining terms related to data handling, privacy, and regulation in Brazil. The Bill would establish a framework allowing for the entities colle...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定通用数据赋权法的法案，为巴西数据货币化生态系统提供规定（PLP 234/2023）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 1 日，巴西众议院提出了制定《通用数据赋权法》的法案，规定了巴西数据货币化生态系统 (PLP 234/2023)。特别是，该法案对几项现有法律进行了修订，例如《通用数据保护法》(LGPD) 中包含的一些法律，旨在定义与巴西数据处理、隐私和监管相关的术语。该法案将建立一个框架，允许各实体共同..." }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "ANPD regulation on the role of the data protection officer under General Personal Data Protection (LGPD/Resolution CD/ANPD No. 18)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cd/anpd-n-18-de-16-de-julho-de-2024-572632074", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD)’s regulation on the role of the data protection officer under the Law on General Personal Data Protection (LGPD) entered into force. The regulation specifies that data controllers are required to appoint a data protection officer and outlines rules regarding the appointment, duties and performance of a data protection officer. In particular, the rules specify that data controllers are required to make public the contact informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于一般个人数据保护下数据保护官角色的规定（LGPD/Resolution CD/ANPD No. 18）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 17 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 根据《一般个人数据保护法》(LGPD) 关于数据保护官角色的规定生效。该法规规定数据控制者必须任命一名数据保护官，并概述了有关数据保护官的任命、职责和绩效的规则。特别是，规则规定数据控制者必须公开联系信息..." }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit concerning responsibility of a platform for courier actions", "url": "https://www.tjdft.jus.br/institucional/imprensa/noticias/2023/outubro/aplicativo-de-delivery-deve-indenizar-consumidora-filmada-por-motoboy-durante-entrega", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the 2nd Appeal Panel of the Special Courts of the Federal District in Brazil upheld a ruling ordering Ifood.com to pay R$ 2.000 in moral damages to a customer. This decision followed an incident where a delivery man, refusing to deliver to the customer's apartment, filmed her without consent and posted the video on YouTube. Ifood argued that as a platform facilitating connections between restaurants and users, it shouldn't be held responsible for third-party actions. Howeve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "快递行为平台责任民事诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 5 日，巴西联邦区特别法院第二上诉小组维持了一项裁决，命令 Ifood.com 向客户支付 2,000 雷亚尔的精神损失费。这一决定是在一次事件发生后做出的，一名送货员拒绝送货到顾客的公寓，未经同意拍摄了她并将视频发布到 YouTube 上。 ifood认为，作为一个促进餐厅和用户之间联系的平台，它不应该对第三方行为负责。然而..." }, { "date": "23 August 2022", "title": "Regulation for Video-On-Demand Services Payments for the Development of Brazil's National Film Industry (Bill 2331/2022 )", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/154545?_gl=1*165f3xd*_ga*NzI4MTUxNjkyLjE2OTk5NzI0MzA.*_ga_CW3ZH25XMK*MTY5OTk3MjQyOS4xLjAuMTY5OTk3MjQyOS4wLjAuMA..", "description": "On 23 August 2022, the Bill 2331/2022 was introduced into the Parliament. The Bill aims to include video-on-demand services offered to the Brazilian public as a taxable activity under the Contribution for the Development of the National Cinematographic Industry (CONDECINE). This legislative amendment modifies Provisional Measure No. 2.228-1 and Law No. 12.485 to encompass video-on-demand services in its scope. These services are defined in the Bill as the offering of audiovisual content from ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西国家电影产业发展视频点播服务付款规定（第 2331/2022 号法案）", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 23 日，第 2331/2022 号法案被提交议会。该法案旨在将向巴西公众提供的视频点播服务纳入国家电影产业发展贡献（CONDECINE）下的应税活动。该立法修正案修改了第 2.228-1 号临时措施和第 12.485 号法律，以将视频点播服务纳入其范围。该法案将这些服务定义为提供来自......的视听内容。" }, { "date": "12 May 2023", "title": "Anatel and TSE Technical Cooperation Agreement concerning the handling of disinformation", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anatel/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/tse-e-anatel-assinam-acordo-para-reforcar-o-combate-a-desinformacao-com-uso-de-ia", "description": "On 5 December 2023, the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) and the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE) implemented a Technical Cooperation Agreement concerning the handling of disinformation. The Agreement establishes a fast and direct communication flow between the two agencies by stipulating the use of electronic communication to facilitate the blocking of websites that spread fake news and disinformation in the electoral process. Previous to the agreement, judicial ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Anatel 与 TSE 关于处理虚假信息的技术合作协议", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 5 日，巴西国家电信局 (Anatel) 和巴西高级选举法院 (TSE) 实施了一项有关处理虚假信息的技术合作协议。该协议规定使用电子通信，以便利封锁在选举过程中传播假新闻和虚假信息的网站，从而在两个机构之间建立快速、直接的沟通流程。在协议达成之前，司法..." }, { "date": "8 April 2021", "title": "Ordinance (no. 510) regarding permanent program to combat disinformation in electoral justice", "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/compilada/prt/2021/portaria-no-510-de-04-de-agosto-de-2021", "description": "On 4 August 2021, the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE) adopted an ordinance (no. 510) establishing a permanent program to combat disinformation in electoral justice. The TSE recognises that disinformation can pose a threat to democracy and have a negative effect on the credibility of institutions participating in the electoral process. Further, the TSE highlights that the events in the last two election cycles affected the electoral process, its bodies and actors, and the electronic v...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于打击选举司法中虚假信息的永久计划的法令（第 510 号）", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 4 日，巴西高级选举法院 (TSE) 通过了一项法令（第 510 号），建立了打击选举司法中的虚假信息的永久性计划。 TSE 认识到虚假信息可能对民主构成威胁，并对参与选举过程的机构的可信度产生负面影响。此外，东京证交所强调，过去两个选举周期中发生的事件影响了选举过程、其机构和参与者以及电子投票……" }, { "date": "23 January 2024", "title": "Updated Internet Safety Booklet including Data Protection and Data Leak Response sections", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/em-comemoracao-ao-dia-internacional-da-protecao-de-dados-cert-br-lanca-novas-publicacoes-sobre-o-tema", "description": "On 23 January 2024, the National Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT.br), in collaboration with the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD), announced the launch of two new issues of the Internet Safety Booklet. The publications, titled \"Data Protection\" and \"Data Leak\", aim to raise awareness about the importance of data protection and information security. The guides provide actionable steps for individuals to protect themselves and respond effectively in the event of a data breach, as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "更新了互联网安全手册，包括数据保护和数据泄漏响应部分", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 23 日，国家计算机应急响应小组 (CERT.br) 与国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 合作，宣布推出两期新的互联网安全手册。这些出版物的标题为“数据保护”和“数据泄漏”，旨在提高人们对数据保护和信息安全重要性的认识。这些指南为个人提供了可操作的步骤，以保护自己并在发生数据泄露时有效应对，例如……" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "Anonymisation and Pseudonymisation Guide for the Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-abre-consulta-a-sociedade-sobre-o-guia-de-anonimizacao-e-pseudonimizacao", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the public consultation of the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) on the Anonymisation and Pseudonymisation Guide for the Protection of Personal Data closed. Through this Guide, the ANPD underscores its dedication to actively participating in the establishment of a robust and responsible culture of personal data protection in Brazil. The guide is designed to serve as a resource for promoting best practices in data protection. The primary goal of the consultation is to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人数据保护匿名化和假名化指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 关于《个人数据保护匿名化和假名指南》的公众咨询结束。通过本指南，ANPD 强调其致力于积极参与在巴西建立健全和负责任的个人数据保护文化。该指南旨在作为推广数据保护最佳实践的资源。咨询的主要目标是..." }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Standard on the Rights of Personal Data Holders", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-abre-tomada-de-subsidios-para-norma-sobre-direitos-dos-titulares-de-dados-pessoais", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the public consultation of the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) on the Standard on the Rights of Personal Data Holders closed. The ANPD aimed to encourage participation from both data holders and processing agents through subsidies, seeking their input in shaping the normative framework. Contributions were solicited on various aspects, including the format, timelines, and implementation of procedures governing the exercise of rights by data subjects, as well as the o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人数据持有者权利标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 关于个人数据持有者权利标准的公众咨询结束。 ANPD 旨在通过补贴鼓励数据持有者和处理机构参与，寻求他们对制定规范框架的意见。征集了各个方面的意见，包括数据主体行使权利的格式、时间表和程序的实施，以及..." }, { "date": "23 February 2024", "title": "Procon-SP Investigation into Uber's Pricing Policy with regard to dynamic pricing", "url": "https://www.procon.sp.gov.br/procon-sp-notifica-uber-2/", "description": "On 23 February 2024, Procon-SP, the consumer protection authority of the Brazilian state of São Paulo, announced an investigation into Uber Brasil's pricing policy. The investigation focuses on the company's pricing strategy during periods of high demand, such as when public transport services are disrupted, and the way in which the parameters of its dynamic pricing are applied. Uber has been asked to provide clarification on these parameters and the tools and algorithms applied, and to provi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Procon-SP 对 Uber 动态定价方面的定价政策进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 23 日，巴西圣保罗州消费者保护机构 Procon-SP 宣布对 Uber Brasil 的定价政策进行调查。调查重点是该公司在高需求时期（例如公共交通服务中断时）的定价策略，以及动态定价参数的应用方式。 Uber 已被要求对这些参数以及所应用的工具和算法进行澄清，并提供..." }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "Bill amending Patent Law to provide for the ownership of inventions generated autonomously by AI systems (PL 303/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2418048", "description": "On 20 February 2024, the Bill amending Patent Law to provide for the ownership of inventions generated autonomously by artificial intelligence (AI) systems (PL 303/2024) to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. The Bill would amend Article 6 of Patent Law (Law No. 9.279) to recognise inventions created by AI systems. Under the Bill, patents for such inventions can be requested in the name of the AI system that created the invention, which would be considered the inventor and holder of the rights...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订专利法的法案规定人工智能系统自主产生的发明的所有权（PL 303/2024）", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 20 日，巴西众议院通过了专利法修订法案，规定人工智能 (AI) 系统自主生成的发明的所有权 (PL 303/2024)。该法案将修订《专利法》（第 9.279 号法）第 6 条，以承认人工智能系统创造的发明。根据该法案，此类发明的专利可以以创造该发明的人工智能系统的名义申请，该系统将被视为发明者和权利持有人......" }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "Investigation into Irregular Importation and Illegal Sale of Goods via Digital Platforms", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/pf-desarticula-grupo-investigado-por-importacao-irregular-e-comercio-ilegal-de-mercadorias-por-meio-de-plataformas-digitais-1", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Brazilian Federal Police initiated Operation Ossos de Vinha to dismantle a scheme involving the sale of imported products on digital platforms without proper declarations and taxations. The investigation revealed that since 2019, over BRL 4.5 million worth of illegal goods, including drinks, televisions, and air conditioning units, have been sold through online marketplaces to customers in seven states.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "调查通过数字平台违规进口和非法销售商品", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 5 日，巴西联邦警察发起了 Ossos de Vinha 行动，以瓦解一项涉及在数字平台上销售未经适当申报和纳税的进口产品的计划。调查显示，自 2019 年以来，价值超过 450 万雷亚尔的非法商品，包括饮料、电视和空调，通过在线市场出售给七个州的客户。" }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "Bill to guarantee autonomy to the National Data Protection Authority (Bill no. 615/2024)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/162414", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the Bill to guarantee autonomy to the National Data Protection Authority (Bill no. 615/2024) was introduced to the Senate. The Bill aims to clarify and define the legal framework governing the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) in Brazil. It addresses concerns regarding the autonomy and legal prerogatives of the ANPD, as well as the need to strengthen its institutional capacity. The Bill would amend Law No. 13.848 to ensure that the ANPD operates with technical and dec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保障国家数据保护局自主权的法案（法案编号 615/2024）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 6 日，向参议院提交了保证国家数据保护局自主权的法案（法案编号 615/2024）。该法案旨在澄清和定义管理巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 的法律框架。它解决了对 ANPD 的自主权和法律特权以及加强其机构能力的必要性的担忧。该法案将修订第 13.848 号法律，以确保 ANPD 的运作符合技术和决策..." }, { "date": "4 March 2024", "title": "AGU-Ciedde technical cooperation agreement to combat fake news and hate speech during the electoral period", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/acordo-de-cooperacao-tecnica-entre-ciedde-pf-e-agu-vai-combater-fake-news-e-discursos-de-odio-em-periodo-eleitoral", "description": "On 3 April 2024, the Brazilian Integrated Center for Combating Disinformation and Defense of Democracy (Ciedde), the Federal Police, and the Attorney General's Office (AGU) adopted a technical cooperation agreement aimed at combating fake news and hate speech during election periods. In particular, the agreement aims to safeguard the electoral process from disinformation, deep fakes, and anti-democratic content. The agreement focuses on improving the regulation of artificial intelligence in t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGU-Ciedde 技术合作协议，打击选举期间的假新闻和仇恨言论", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 3 日，巴西打击虚假信息和捍卫民主综合中心 (Ciedde)、联邦警察和总检察长办公室 (AGU) 通过了一项技术合作协议，旨在打击选举期间的虚假新闻和仇恨言论。特别是，该协议旨在保护选举过程免受虚假信息、深度造假和反民主内容的影响。该协议的重点是改善人工智能领域的监管..." }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in CONANDA Resolution No. 245 Providing for the Rights of Children and Adolescents in a Digital Environment", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/resolucao-n-245-de-5-de-abril-de-2024-552695799", "description": "As of 9 April 2024, Resolution No. 245 Providing for the Rights of Children and Adolescents in a Digital Environment was implemented by the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA). The Resolution mandates that the privacy of children and adolescents in digital environments must be respected and protected by default, including the processing and storage of their personal data. Companies providing digital services to children and adolescents must inform them about ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CONANDA 第 245 号决议中的数据保护条例规定了数字环境中儿童和青少年的权利", "description_zh": "截至 2024 年 4 月 9 日，国家儿童和青少年权利委员会 (CONANDA) 实施了第 245 号决议，规定数字环境中的儿童和青少年权利。该决议规定，数字环境中儿童和青少年的隐私必须默认得到尊重和保护，包括其个人数据的处理和存储。向儿童和青少年提供数字服务的公司必须告知他们……" }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "ANPD Security Incident Reporting Regulation (Resolution No. 15)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cd/anpd-n-15-de-24-de-abril-de-2024-556243024", "description": "On 26 April 2024, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD)’s Security Incident Reporting Regulation (Resolution No. 15) entered into force. The regulation sets forth a framework for handling security incidents that have the potential to pose significant risks or cause harm to data subjects. Among its provisions, the regulation outlines specific criteria for reporting such incidents, establishes protocols for communication both to the ANPD and affected data subjects, and delineates proced...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 安全事件报告条例（第 15 号决议）", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 26 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 的《安全事件报告条例》（第 15 号决议）生效。该法规规定了处理可能对数据主体造成重大风险或伤害的安全事件的框架。在其条款中，该法规概述了报告此类事件的具体标准，建立了与 ANPD 和受影响数据主体的通信协议，并描述了程序..." }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Procon-SP investigation into Ticketmaster's data processing policy and response to data breaches", "url": "https://www.procon.sp.gov.br/ticketmaster-nao-comprova-que-brasileiros-nao-tiveram-seus-dados-vazados/", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the Consumer Protection Authority of the State of São Paulo (Procon-SP) announced its decision to forward to the inspection team the case against Ticketmaster due to non-compliance with a previous order to send information regarding a data breach, in line with Consumer Defense Code. In particular, Ticketmaster failed to adequately address inquiries from Procon-SP concerning a data leak impacting millions of users. Procon-SP had initially contacted the company early in the mon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Procon-SP 对 Ticketmaster 的数据处理政策和数据泄露响应进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 11 日，圣保罗州消费者保护局 (Procon-SP) 宣布决定将针对 Ticketmaster 的案件转发给检查小组，原因是 Ticketmaster 未遵守之前根据《消费者保护法》发送数据泄露信息的命令。特别是，Ticketmaster 未能充分解决 Procon-SP 关于影响数百万用户的数据泄露的询问。 Procon-SP 最初于周一早些时候联系了该公司..." }, { "date": "18 June 2024", "title": "Procon-SP inquiry into AI use in e-commerce", "url": "https://www.procon.sp.gov.br/procon-sp-convida-consumidores-a-opinarem-sobre-o-uso-da-inteligencia-artificial-no-comercio-eletronico/", "description": "On 18 June 2024, the Consumer Protection Authority of the State of São Paulo (Procon-SP) announced the launch of an inquiry aimed at gathering consumer perceptions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in online shopping. The inquiry was opened following a previous survey conducted in September 2023, which focused on consumer experiences with AI in customer service interactions. The inquiry, available on the agency's website and social networks, features a questionnaire with 13 multiple-...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Procon-SP 调查人工智能在电子商务中的应用", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 18 日，圣保罗州消费者保护局 (Procon-SP) 宣布启动一项调查，旨在收集消费者对在线购物中使用人工智能 (AI) 的看法。此次调查是在 2023 年 9 月进行的一项调查之后开始的，该调查重点关注人工智能在客户服务交互中的消费者体验。该调查可在该机构的网站和社交网络上找到，其中包含一份包含 13 项多项内容的调查问卷。" }, { "date": "24 June 2024", "title": "ANPD Study on risks and challenges for protection of personal data arising from biometrics and facial recognition technologies", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/documentos-e-publicacoes/radar-tecnologico-biometria-anpd-1.pdf", "description": "On 24 June 2024, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published findings following a study on biometric technologies and facial recognition in Brazil. The study underscored significant privacy and data protection concerns across sectors such as transportation, education and healthcare, highlighting the sensitivity of biometric data, the risk of discrimination due to algorithmic biases, and the lack of transparency in data processing and sharing. The study acknowledged the trend of pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于生物识别和面部识别技术带来的个人数据保护风险和挑战的研究", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 24 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 发布了巴西生物识别技术和面部识别研究的结果。该研究强调了交通、教育和医疗保健等行业对隐私和数据保护的重大担忧，强调了生物识别数据的敏感性、算法偏差导致的歧视风险以及数据处理和共享缺乏透明度。该研究承认了...的趋势" }, { "date": "14 August 2024", "title": "Idec and MPF public lawsuit against Whatsapp regarding alleged violations in privacy policy", "url": "https://www.mpf.mp.br/sp/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-sp/em-acao-de-mpf-e-idec-justica-proibe-whatsapp-de-compartilhar-dados-de-usuarios-brasileiros-com-meta-para-publicidade", "description": "On 14 August 2024, the Federal Court in São Paulo, Brazil, issued a ruling against WhatsApp, prohibiting the messaging service provider from sharing Brazilian users' data with other companies within the Meta Group for advertising purposes. The ruling was issued following a lawsuit filed by the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) and the Consumer Defense Institute (Idec) and mandates that WhatsApp's data processing rules in Brazil align with those of the European Union. Furthermore, Whats...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Idec 和 MPF 针对 Whatsapp 涉嫌违反隐私政策公开提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 14 日，巴西圣保罗联邦法院对 WhatsApp 作出裁决，禁止该消息服务提供商出于广告目的与 Meta 集团内的其他公司共享巴西用户数据。该裁决是在联邦检察官办公室 (MPF) 和消费者保护研究所 (Idec) 提起诉讼后发布的，并要求 WhatsApp 在巴西的数据处理规则与欧盟的数据处理规则保持一致。此外，什么..." }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "Bill amending Law No. 13.709 on the General Personal Data Protection Law to determine criteria for the use of personal data in artificial intelligence systems (Bill No. 2775/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2447165", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the Bill amending Law No. 13.709 on the General Personal Data Protection Law to determine criteria for the use of personal data in artificial intelligence systems was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. The Bill sets criteria for using personal data in training and enhancing artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill targets entities involved in AI development and imposes obligations such as requiring prior and explicit consent from data subjects specifically ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订关于一般个人数据保护法的第 13.709 号法的法案，以确定人工智能系统中个人数据的使用标准（法案第 2775/2024 号）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 8 日，巴西众议院提出了修订《一般个人数据保护法》第 13.709 号法的法案，以确定人工智能系统中个人数据的使用标准。该法案设定了在培训和增强人工智能 (AI) 系统中使用个人数据的标准。该法案针对参与人工智能开发的实体，并规定了一些义务，例如要求数据主体事先明确同意……" }, { "date": "7 March 2024", "title": "Bill amending Law No. 9.610 on Copyright including clarification on natural person authorship in the context of artificial intelligence systems (Bill No. 2721/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2445849", "description": "On 3 July 2024, the Bill amending Law No. 9.610 on Copyright including clarification on natural person authorship in the context of artificial intelligence systems was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. The Bill targets creators of literary, artistic, or scientific works, amending existing copyright law to clarify that the author of a work must be a natural person, irrespective of the degree of autonomy of artificial intelligence (AI) systems used in creating the work.", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订关于版权的第 9.610 号法的法案，包括澄清人工智能系统背景下的自然人作者身份（法案第 2721/2024 号）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 3 日，巴西众议院提出了修订第 9.610 号版权法的法案，其中包括澄清人工智能系统背景下的自然人作者身份。该法案针对文学、艺术或科学作品的创作者，修改了现行版权法，明确作品的作者必须是自然人，无论创作作品时使用的人工智能（AI）系统的自主程度如何。" }, { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "Bill ratifying MERCOSUR Electronic Commerce Agreement into Brazilian law (MSC No. 549/2024)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2449682", "description": "On 16 July 2024, the proposal for incorporation of the MERCOSUR Electronic Commerce Agreement into Brazilian law was submitted to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil. The Agreement covers businesses and entities involved in the production, distribution, marketing, sale, or delivery of goods and services through electronic means across the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). The Agreement facilitates cross-border data transfers and imposes several obligations, including the prohibition of customs...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "批准南方共同市场电子商务协议纳入巴西法律的法案（MSC No. 549/2024）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 16 日，将南方共同市场电子商务协议纳入巴西法律的提案提交给巴西众议院。该协议涵盖在南方共同市场（MERCOSUR）通过电子方式参与生产、分销、营销、销售或交付商品和服务的企业和实体。该协议促进跨境数据传输并规定了多项义务，包括禁止海关……" }, { "date": "8 June 2024", "title": "Ministry of Justice and Public Security Safe Cell Phone program", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-pede-que-google-e-apple-incluam-senha-e-biometria-para-acesso-a-aplicativos-de-e-mails", "description": "On 6 August 2024, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) issued an order to Google and Apple requiring the implementation of enhanced security measures for email applications. The request was issued as part of a new phase in the Safe Cell Phone program, which launched a working group aimed at creating a national protocol for the recovery of stolen or robbed cell phones. The program is part of a broader effort to combat device theft and enhance user security, which mandates that em...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部和公安部安全手机计划", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 6 日，司法和公安部 (MJSP) 向谷歌和苹果发布命令，要求对电子邮件应用程序实施增强的安全措施。该请求是安全手机计划新阶段的一部分，该计划成立了一个工作组，旨在制定一项追回被盗或被抢手机的国家协议。该计划是打击设备盗窃和增强用户安全的更广泛努力的一部分，该计划要求EM..." }, { "date": "8 July 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Plan (PBIA) 2024-2028 including measures on creation of National Center for algorithmic transparency and trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.gov.br/lncc/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/ultimas-noticias-1/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-pbia-2024-2028", "description": "On 7 August 2024, the Brazil Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations published the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Plan (PBIA) 2024-2028 during the 5th National Conference on Science, Technology, and Innovation. The plan aims to position Brazil as a global leader in AI, particularly in the public sector, with a BRL 23 billion investment over four years. The plan emphasises the creation of the National Center for Algorithmic Transparency and Trustworthy AI as an element in ensuring the t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024-2028年人工智能计划（PBIA），包括创建国家算法透明度和可信人工智能中心的措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 7 日，巴西科学、技术和创新部在第五届全国科学、技术和创新大会期间发布了 2024-2028 年人工智能 (AI) 计划 (PBIA)。该计划旨在将巴西定位为人工智能领域的全球领导者，特别是在公共部门，四年内投资 230 亿雷亚尔。该计划强调建立国家算法透明度和可信人工智能中心，作为确保..." }, { "date": "23 August 2024", "title": "Supreme Federal Court jointly judge in November the cases concerning the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet and digital platforms", "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/relatores-de-tres-acoes-pedem-julgamento-conjunto-do-stf-em-novembro-de-casos-sobre-marco-civil-da-internet-e-plataformas/", "description": "On 23 August 2024, the rapporteurs of three cases requested that the Supreme Federal Court (STF) jointly judge their cases concerning the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet and digital platforms. The cases concern, respectively, the necessity for a court order to establish the responsibility of websites and social media providers for harmful content, the responsibility of internet service or application providers to remove illegal content generated by users, and the possibility of blocki...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "最高法院11月联合审理有关互联网和数字平台民权框架的案件", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 23 日，三起案件的报告员请求最高法院 (STF) 联合审理有关互联网和数字平台民权框架的案件。这些案件分别涉及法院命令确定网站和社交媒体提供商对有害内容的责任的必要性、互联网服务或应用程序提供商删除用户生成的非法内容的责任以及封锁的可能性。" }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Brazilian Supreme Court investigation into X, formerly Twitter, for failing to comply with order to deactivate accounts", "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/stf-autoriza-o-retorno-imediato-do-x-e-determina-que-anatel-adote-providencias-para-a-retomada-do-servico/", "description": "On 8 October 2024, the Supreme Court of Brazil authorised the immediate reinstatement of X Brasil Internet Ltd.'s operations in Brazil, following the suspension of its services since 30 August due to non-compliance with previous court decisions. The ruling was contingent on the company's continued adherence to Brazilian laws and judicial decisions. This includes the blocking of profiles disseminating false information and the appointment of a legal representative in Brazil, as mandated by nat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西最高法院因 X（前身为 Twitter）未遵守停用账户的命令而对 X 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 8 日，巴西最高法院授权立即恢复 X Brasil Internet Ltd. 在巴西的业务，该公司自 8 月 30 日起因不遵守法院判决而暂停服务。该裁决取决于该公司是否继续遵守巴西法律和司法判决。这包括阻止散布虚假信息的个人资料以及按照国家规定任命一名巴西法律代表..." }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Expansion of Cybersecurity Regulation Compliance for Telecom Providers", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anatel/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anatel-define-rol-de-novas-empresas-que-deverao-cumprir-obrigacoes-do-regulamento-de-seguranca-cibernetica", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) in Brazil adopted Ordinance No. 2899/2024, expanding cybersecurity regulation compliance for telecom providers. This ordinance expands the list of telecommunications providers and operators that are required to comply with the Cybersecurity Regulation Applied to the Telecommunications Sector (R-Ciber), initially established by Resolution No. 740/2020 and later amended by Resolution No. 767/2024. With this expansion, 11 new...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "扩大电信提供商的网络安全法规合规范围", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 27 日，巴西国家电信局 (Anatel) 通过了第 2899/2024 号法令，扩大了电信提供商的网络安全监管合规范围。该条例扩大了需要遵守适用于电信部门的网络安全法规 (R-Ciber) 的电信提供商和运营商的名单，该法规最初由第 740/2020 号决议制定，后来由第 767/2024 号决议修订。通过此次扩展，11 个新..." }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "Ministry of Finance investigation into compliance with law on operation of online fixed-odds betting", "url": "https://www.gov.br/fazenda/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2024/novembro/ministerio-da-fazenda-solicita-a-anatel-o-bloqueio-de-mais-de-1-800-sites-de-apostas-ilegais", "description": "On 19 November 2024, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) blocked an additional 1,812 illegal betting sites in Brazil that do not appear on its authorised list, as determined by monitoring conducted by the Prizes and Betting Secretariat (SPA). This follows two earlier block orders on 10 October 2024 and 31 October 2024, when the MOF blocked over 2'000 sites and more than 1,400 sites, respectively. The order emphasised that only companies included on the Ministry's authorised list are permitted to op...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部对网上固定赔率博彩经营违法行为立案调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 19 日，根据奖金和博彩秘书处 (SPA) 的监测结果，巴西财政部 (MOF) 又封锁了 1,812 个未出现在其授权名单上的非法博彩网站。此前，财政部于 2024 年 10 月 10 日和 2024 年 10 月 31 日发布了两项封锁令，分别封锁了 2,000 多个站点和 1,400 多个站点。该命令强调，只有列入该部授权名单的公司才允许经营..." }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "Canada-Brazil MoU on Data Privacy and Protection, Knowledge Exchange, and Mutual Assistance on Information Sharing", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/what-we-do/international-collaboration/international-memorandums-of-understanding/mou-brazil-anpd/", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada and the Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance cooperation on data protection. This agreement facilitates mutual assistance and technical, regulatory, and enforcement collaboration on privacy and personal data protection across both countries. It aims to support the enforcement of each country's applicable data protection laws, share information on potential investigations, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拿大-巴西关于数据隐私和保护、知识交流以及信息共享互助的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 1 日，加拿大隐私专员与巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 签署了一份谅解备忘录，以加强数据保护方面的合作。该协议促进两国在隐私和个人数据保护方面的互助以及技术、监管和执法合作。它旨在支持每个国家/地区适用的数据保护法的执行，共享有关潜在调查的信息，以及..." }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "Procon-SP investigation into Meta regarding advertising for vapes (electronic smoking devices)", "url": "https://www.procon.sp.gov.br/procon-sp-pede-a-meta-mais-efetividade-na-suspensao-de-anuncios-de-vapes-nas-plataformas-facebook-e-instagram/", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Sao Paolo Consumer Protection Agency (Procon-SP) announced an investigation into Meta's advertising of vapes (electronic smoking devices) on its Facebook and Instagram platforms. Procon-SP asked Meta to adopt more effective measures to prevent these adverts from being displayed on Facebook and Instagram to Brazilian consumers and asked for clarification on the criteria used by the platform to suspend them. As part of the investigation, Procon-SP asked for further info...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Procon-SP 对 Meta 有关 vape（电子烟设备）广告的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 12 日，圣保罗消费者保护局 (Procon-SP) 宣布对 Meta 在其 Facebook 和 Instagram 平台上的 vapes（电子烟设备）广告进行调查。 Procon-SP 要求 Meta 采取更有效的措施，防止这些广告在 Facebook 和 Instagram 上向巴西消费者展示，并要求澄清该平台暂停广告的标准。作为调查的一部分，Procon-SP 要求提供更多信息……" }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "National Confederation of Commerce lawsuit challenging constitutionality of Fixed Odds Betting Law (No. 14,790/2023)", "url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/processos/detalhe.asp?incidente=7044517", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Supreme Federal Court (STF) issued a preliminary decision accepting a legal challenge filed by the National Confederation of Commerce (CNC) against Law No. 14,790/2023, which regulates fixed-odds betting in Brazil. This law, enacted on 30 December 2023, introduced a regulatory framework for fixed-odds betting, covering licensing, advertising, taxation, corporate and regulatory requirements, and social considerations. The STF accepted a legal challenge to the law from ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全国商业联合会提起诉讼，质疑固定赔率投注法的合宪性（第 14,790/2023 号）", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 12 日，最高法院 (STF) 发布初步裁决，接受全国商业联合会 (CNC) 针对规范巴西固定赔率投注的第 14,790/2023 号法律提出的法律质疑。该法律于 2023 年 12 月 30 日颁布，引入了固定赔率投注的监管框架，涵盖许可、广告、税收、公司和监管要求以及社会考虑。 STF 接受了来自......的对该法律的法律挑战。" }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "PNDD investigation into Meta's updated content moderation policies", "url": "https://www.gov.br/agu/pt-br/nota-agu-recebe-manifestacao-da-meta", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Attorney General of the Union (AGU) published a preliminary assessment of Meta's response to a notification from the Brazil National Prosecutor's Office for the Defense of Democracy (PNDD) regarding changes to its content governance and policy application. Meta announced that it will close its independent Fact Verification Program in the United States, replacing it with Community Notes, while keeping the fact-checking program active in Brazil for now. The company also ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PNDD 对 Meta 更新的内容审核政策进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 14 日，联邦总检察长 (AGU) 发布了对 Meta 对巴西保卫民主国家检察官办公室 (PNDD) 关于其内容治理和政策应用变更的通知的回应的初步评估。 Meta 宣布将关闭其在美国的独立事实验证计划，以社区注释取代，同时在巴西保持事实核查计划的活跃状态。该公司还..." }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "Attorney General investigation into distribution of deepfake content about Minister of Finance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/agu/pt-br/comunicacao/agu-notifica-facebook-para-que-remova-video-falso-de-haddad", "description": "On 9 January 2025, Brazil's Attorney General's Office (AGU) issued an extrajudicial notification ordering Facebook to remove a video manipulated with artificial intelligence (AI) falsely depicting Finance Minister Fernando Haddad making statements about non-existent taxes within 24 hours. The AGU stated that the video, which showed abrupt cuts and discrepancies in lip movement and voice timbre, contravened Facebook's Terms of Use and Community Standards by disseminating disinformation that co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长调查有关财政部长的深度造假内容的传播", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 9 日，巴西总检察长办公室 (AGU) 发布法外通知，命令 Facebook 删除一段用人工智能 (AI) 操纵的视频，该视频错误地描绘了财政部长费尔南多·哈达德 (Fernando Haddad) 在 24 小时内就不存在的税收发表的声明。 AGU 表示，该视频显示了突然的剪辑以及嘴唇动作和声音音色的差异，传播了虚假信息，违反了 Facebook 的使用条款和社区标准。" }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "National Data Protection Authority and National Commission on Informatics and Liberty cooperation agreement on data protection and artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-cnil-reforcam-cooperacao-internacional-em-materia-de-protecao-de-dados-e-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Official source record dated 2 October 2025 for Brazil concerning National Data Protection Authority and National Commission on Informatics and Liberty cooperation agreement on data protection and artificial intelligence. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据保护局与国家信息学和自由委员会就数据保护和人工智能签署合作协议", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 10 日，巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 和法国国家信息学与自由委员会 (CNIL) 在巴黎人工智能行动峰会期间宣布加强双边合作，以加强数据保护和人工智能方面的监管实践。双方讨论了监管沙箱、人工智能治理以及巴西、欧盟和英国之间的跨境数据流谈判。值得注意的是，这次合作翻译了..." }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "National Data Protection Authority assessment of data sharing adequacy decision between Ministry of Development and World Bank", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/deliberacoes-do-conselho-diretor-1/circuitos-deliberativos-ano-2025/cd-02-2025-votos.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2025, the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) denied a request to initiate an adequacy decision for the World Bank – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). The ruling confirms that adequacy decisions require a formal evaluation of the recipient’s data protection regime to ensure alignment with Brazil’s General Data Protection Law. It highlights that priority is given to jurisdictions that provide reciprocal recognition of Brazil’s framework, which...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据保护局对发展部和世界银行之间数据共享充分性决定的评估", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 13 日，巴西数据保护局 (ANPD) 拒绝了为世界银行 - 国际复兴开发银行 (IBRD) 启动充分性决定的请求。该裁决确认，充分性决定需要对接收者的数据保护制度进行正式评估，以确保符合巴西的《通用数据保护法》。它强调优先考虑对巴西框架提供相互承认的司法管辖区，该框架......" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Investigation into Rumble for alleged non-compliance with legal directives under the Brazilian Civil Code (Law No. 12.965/2014 and No. 10.406/2002)", "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/stf-determina-suspensao-da-plataforma-rumble-em-todo-o-pais/", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the Federal Supreme Court (STF) ordered the immediate suspension of Rumble's operations in Brazil after the platform failed to comply with multiple judicial orders. The decision follows Rumble's refusal to remove accounts linked to criminal investigations, pay imposed fines, and appoint a legal representative in Brazil, as required under national regulations. The National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) was instructed to implement the suspension within 24 hours. The co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 Rumble 涉嫌不遵守《巴西民法典》（第 12.965/2014 号法和第 10.406/2002 号法）法律指令的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，联邦最高法院 (STF) 在 Rumble 未能遵守多项司法命令后下令立即暂停在巴西的业务。该决定是在 Rumble 拒绝按照国家法规的要求删除与刑事调查相关的账户、支付罚款以及任命巴西法律代表之后做出的。国家电信局（Anatel）奉命在 24 小时内实施暂停。该公司..." }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Establishment of the Parliamentary Front for Cybersecurity and Cyber Defense (PRS 55/2024)", "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/infomaterias/2025/04/golpes-virtuais-aumentam-e-nao-fazem-distincao-de-idade", "description": "On 25 March 2025, Senate Resolution No. 55/2024 enters into force, establishing the Parliamentary Front for Support to Cybersecurity and Cyber Defense. Originally adopted by the Brazilian Senate on 13 December 2024 and published on 19 December 2024, the Front is composed of 18 senators and four federal deputies. It functions as a non-legislative, cross-party group tasked with promoting dialogue, supporting awareness initiatives, and developing instruments through public-private collaboration ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立网络安全和网络防御议会阵线（PRS 55/2024）", "description_zh": "参议院第 55/2024 号决议于 2025 年 3 月 25 日生效，建立支持网络安全和网络防御的议会阵线。该阵线最初于2024年12月13日由巴西参议院通过，并于2024年12月19日公布，由18名参议员和4名联邦代表组成。它作为一个非立法的跨党派团体，负责促进对话、支持意识倡议以及通过公私合作开发工具……" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Superior Court of Justice interpretation asserting the protection of minor identity in Statute of Children and Adolescents", "url": "https://scon.stj.jus.br/SCON/jt/jt.jsp", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) of Brazil released the 256th edition of its Jurisprudence in Theses series, focusing on children's and adolescents' rights. The interpretations apply to public authorities and legal professionals handling matters under the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA). The interpretation affirms that a family’s financial vulnerability must be considered when imposing fines under Article 249 ECA, but does not exempt them, given the sanction’s pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高等法院解释主张《儿童和青少年法》保护未成年人身份", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 8 日，巴西高等法院 (STJ) 发布了第 256 版法理学论文系列，重点关注儿童和青少年权利。这些解释适用于根据《儿童和青少年法》(ECA) 处理事务的公共当局和法律专业人员。该解释确认，根据 ECA 第 249 条规定处以罚款时必须考虑家庭的财务脆弱性，但考虑到制裁的目的，该解释并未豁免这些罚款。" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Legal Framework for the Protection of Users of Digital Services", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/brasil-apresenta-iniciativas-para-o-ambiente-digital-em-evento-nos-eua", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Secretary of Digital Rights of Brazil’s Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) presented initiatives for the digital environment, including the drafting of the Legal Framework for the Protection of Users of Digital Services. The proposal sets out mechanisms intended to prevent and address harm caused to users in digital contexts. The Secretary stated that the draft follows the experience gained during the development of Bill No. 2,630, which focused on misinformati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护数字服务用户的法律框架", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，巴西司法和公共安全部 (MJSP) 数字权利秘书提出了数字环境倡议，包括起草保护数字服务用户的法律框架。该提案制定了旨在预防和解决数字环境中对用户造成伤害的机制。部长表示，该草案借鉴了第 2,630 号法案制定过程中获得的经验，该法案重点关注虚假信息……" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Federal Public Prosecutor's Office (MPF) investigation into OpenAI over alleged non-compliance with user rights under General Law on the Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.mpf.mp.br/mg/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-mg/mpf-recomenda-que-openai-exponha-avisos-sobre-informacao-de-determinados-dados-pessoais-no-chatgpt", "description": "On 14 May 2025, the Brazilian Federal Public Prosecutor's office (MPF) issued a formal recommendation to OpenAI regarding potential violations of data subject rights under the General Law on the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD). The MPF recommended that OpenAI include a specific notice to ChatGPT to explicitly warn users when a response contains information generated by the model rather than from a verified source. The MPF argues that ChatGPT's current disclaimers are too generic to protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦检察官办公室 (MPF) 对 OpenAI 涉嫌不遵守个人数据保护普通法规定的用户权利展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 14 日，巴西联邦检察官办公室 (MPF) 就《个人数据保护普通法》(LGPD) 规定的数据主体权利可能受到的侵犯向 OpenAI 发出正式建议。 MPF 建议 OpenAI 在 ChatGPT 中添加一个特定通知，以便在响应包含由模型生成的信息而不是来自经过验证的来源的信息时明确警告用户。 MPF 认为 ChatGPT 目前的免责声明过于笼统，无法保护......" }, { "date": "6 April 2025", "title": "Criminal conviction and enforcement proceedings against federal deputy for cyber offences involving judicial institutions including social media blocking", "url": "https://static.poder360.com.br/2025/06/Decisao-Prisao-CZambelli.pdf", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court (STF) ordered the preventive detention of Federal Deputy Carla Zambelli following her conviction for cyber offences and document falsification involving judicial institutions. The Deputy was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment, 200 day-fines, and had her parliamentary mandate revoked. The offences included unauthorised intrusions into the electronic systems of judicial bodies, such as the National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the STF. Acco...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对涉及司法机构（包括社交媒体封锁）的网络犯罪的联邦议员的刑事定罪和执行程序", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 4 日，巴西最高法院 (STF) 在联邦副议员 Carla Zambelli 因涉及司法机构的网络犯罪和文件伪造罪被定罪后，下令对她进行预防性拘留。该副手被判处 10 年监禁、200 天罚款，并被撤销议会授权。这些罪行包括未经授权入侵国家司法委员会 (CNJ) 和 STF 等司法机构的电子系统。阿科..." }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Justice and Public Security order No. 129 revising recommendation on Instagram to unsuitable for children under 16", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/despacho-n-129/cpcind/senajus-de-10-de-junho-de-2025-635317318", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security’s order changing the age recommendation for the Instagram application to not recommended for children under 16 years of age entered into force. The classification is based on a routine content analysis that found higher classification trends for themes such as intentional death, mutilation, cruelty, nudity, eroticisation, intense sexual intercourse, complex or high-impact sexual situations, explicit sex, and illicit drug use, which ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法公安部第129号令修改Instagram推荐内容不​​适合16岁以下儿童", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 11 日，司法和公安部关于将 Instagram 应用程序的年龄建议更改为不建议 16 岁以下儿童使用的命令生效。该分类基于常规内容分析，发现故意死亡、残害、残忍、裸体、色情、激烈性交、复杂或高影响力的性情境、露骨性行为和非法药物使用等主题的更高分类趋势，这些......" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Google lawsuit challenging content moderation rules under Article 19 of Law No. 12.965/2014 (Civil Rights Framework for the Internet)", "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/stf-define-parametros-para-responsabilizacao-de-plataformas-por-conteudos-de-terceiros/?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) upheld an extraordinary appeal in Topic 533 of general repercussion, overturning a lower court decision that had ordered Google to pay moral damages. The Court established a binding interpretation recognising the partial and progressive unconstitutionality of Article 19 of the Internet Civil Framework (Law No. 12,965/2014). The Court found that the provision’s requirement for a specific court order before internet platforms could be held civi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Google 提起诉讼，挑战第 12.965/2014 号法律（互联网民权框架）第 19 条规定的内容审核规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 26 日，巴西最高法院 (STF) 维持了具有普遍反响的 Topic 533 的特别上诉，推翻了下级法院命令 Google 支付精神损害赔偿的裁决。法院制定了一项具有约束力的解释，承认《互联网民事框架》（第 12,965/2014 号法律）第 19 条的部分和渐进违宪性。法院认为，该条款要求在互联网平台可以民事诉讼之前发出具体的法院命令……" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Lawsuit challenging constitutionality of Article 19 of the Internet Civil Framework (Law No. 12,965/2014) concerning digital platform liability for third-party content", "url": "https://noticias.stf.jus.br/postsnoticias/stf-define-parametros-para-responsabilizacao-de-plataformas-por-conteudos-de-terceiros/?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) ruled that Article 19 of the Internet Civil Rights Framework (Law 12.965/2014) is partially unconstitutional. The Article 19 previously required a specific judicial order for internet platforms to be held liable for third-party content in case of non-compliance, was found to insufficiently protect constitutional rights and democratic values. The Court introduced new interpretations and exceptions that will apply until the legislature enacts u...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "质疑《互联网民事框架》（第 12,965/2014 号法律）第 19 条有关数字平台对第三方内容责任的合宪性的诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 26 日，巴西最高法院 (STF) 裁定互联网民权框架（第 12.965/2014 号法律）第 19 条部分违宪。第十九条此前要求互联网平台在不遵守规定的情况下对第三方内容承担责任，但被发现不足以保护宪法权利和民主价值观。法院引入了新的解释和例外情况，这些解释和例外情况将一直适用，直到立法机关颁布..." }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Bill establishing Brazilian electoral rules and electoral procedural rules (Complementary Bill No. 112)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/149849", "description": "On 7 July 2025, the Committee on Constitution, Justice and Citizenship (CCJ) released the amended Bill establishing Brazilian electoral rules and electoral procedural rules (Complementary Bill No. 112). The amended Bill updates electoral advertising rules, requiring that any synthetic or manipulated content be clearly disclosed with a prominent warning. It specifically prohibits the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to simulate the image or voice of living or deceased individuals, or synthe...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定巴西选举规则和选举程序规则的法案（第 112 号补充法案）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 7 日，宪法、司法和公民委员会 (CCJ) 发布了建立巴西选举规则和选举程序规则的修订法案（第 112 号补充法案）。修订后的法案更新了选举广告规则，要求明确披露任何合成或操纵的内容，并附有显着警告。它特别禁止使用人工智能（AI）来模拟在世或已故个人的图像或声音，或合成..." }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "Decree No. 12,564 on biometric verification and digital signatures in payroll deduction credit operations", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/decreto-n-12.564-de-24-de-julho-de-2025-644406570", "description": "On 25 July 2025, Decree No. 12,564, setting procedures and technical requirements for biometric identity verification and digital contracting in payroll-deduction credit operations entered into force. The Decree establishes procedures and technical requirements for biometric verification of the worker’s identity, consent for the processing of biometric personal data, and the use of electronic and digital signatures in payroll deduction credit operations for contracting and registration purpos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于工资扣除信贷操作中生物识别验证和数字签名的第 12,564 号法令", "description_zh": "2025年7月25日，第12564号法令生效，该法令规定了工资扣除信贷业务中生物识别身份验证和数字合同的程序和技术要求。该法令规定了工人身份生物识别验证、生物识别个人数据处理同意以及在工资扣除信贷操作中使用电子和数字签名以签订合同和注册目的的程序和技术要求。" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Bill to amend General Law on the Protection of Personal Data (Law No. 13.709/2018) over disclosure of images of criminal acts in commercial establishments (Bill No. 3630/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2538782", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Bill No. 3630/2025 was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill proposes an amendment to Law No. 13.709 of 14 August 2018 (General Law on the Protection of Personal Data – LGPD) to permit the disclosure of personal data, including images and audio recordings, of individuals caught in the act of committing crimes within commercial establishments. The amendment introduces paragraph 8 to Article 7 of the LGPD, stipulating that the restriction on processing and dissemi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于在商业机构中披露犯罪行为图像的个人数据保护一般法（第 13.709/2018 号法律）修订法案（第 3630/2025 号法案）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，第 3630/2025 号法案被提交众议院。该法案提议对 2018 年 8 月 14 日第 13.709 号法律（个人数据保护一般法 – LGPD）进行修订，以允许披露在商业机构内犯罪行为中被捕的个人的个人数据，包括图像和音频记录。该修正案引入了 LGPD 第 7 条第 8 款，规定对处理和传播的限制..." }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "Decree No. 12,573 establishing National Cybersecurity Strategy (E-Ciber)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/decreto-n-12.573-de-4-de-agosto-de-2025-646200784", "description": "On 5 August 2025, Decree No. 12,573 entered into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette of the Union. The Decree establishes the National Cybersecurity Strategy (E-Ciber) as the country’s cybersecurity governance framework. The strategy is built on four themes, citizen protection and awareness, resilience of critical infrastructure, public-private cooperation, and national sovereignty. The decree defines core cybersecurity terms, sets out minimum measures under each theme, and ca...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 12,573 号法令建立国家网络安全战略 (E-Ciber)", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 5 日，第 12,573 号法令在欧盟官方公报上发布后生效。该法令确立了国家网络安全战略（E-Ciber）作为国家的网络安全治理框架。该战略建立在四个主题之上：公民保护和意识、关键基础设施的复原力、公私合作和国家主权。 该法令定义了核心网络安全术语，规定了每个主题下的最低措施，并..." }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Content moderation requirement in Bill to establish protections for children in digital environment and responsibilities for platforms (PL 3910/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2542628", "description": "On 12 August 2025, a Bill to establish protections for children in digital environments and responsibilities for platforms (PL 3910/2025), including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would require providers of information-technology products or services aimed at or accessible to children and adolescents to conduct risk assessments to protect minors’ health and safety, ensure content matches age classifications, prevent access to illegal or harm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中的内容审核要求，建立数字环境中儿童的保护和平台的责任（PL 3910/2025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 12 日，向众议院提交了一项法案，规定数字环境中的儿童保护和平台责任 (PL 3910/2025)，其中包括内容审核监管。该法案将要求针对儿童和青少年或向儿童和青少年提供的信息技术产品或服务的提供商进行风险评估，以保护未成年人的健康和安全，确保内容符合年龄分类，防止接触非法或伤害......" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Justice and Public Security's ordinances establishing age ratings for audiovisual works", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-cgpcind/dsprad/sedigi-n-1.420-de-14-de-agosto-de-2025-648598940", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, through the National Secretariat for Digital Rights, the Directorate of Security and Risk Prevention in the Digital Environment, and the General Coordination of Rating Policies, ordinances establishing the age ratings of several audiovisual works enter into force. Feature films such as Raiders of the End of the World (2024) and Anonymous 2 (2025) were rated not recommended for under-18s, while the musical show Mônica Salmaso – My...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部、公安部关于视听作品年龄分级的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 15 日，司法和公安部通过国家数字版权秘书处、数字环境安全与风险防范局以及评级政策综合协调局，确定若干视听作品年龄评级的条例生效。 《世界末日攻略》（2024 年）和《匿名者 2》（2025 年）等故事片被评为不推荐 18 岁以下儿童观看，而音乐剧《莫妮卡·萨尔马索 – 我的……》" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Bill to criminalise the \"adultisation\" and exploitation of image of children and adolescents for profit on the internet (PL 4065/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2549009", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the Bill to criminalise the “adultisation” and exploitation of images of children and adolescents for profit on the internet (PL 4065/2025) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill amends Brazil’s Penal Code and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent to criminalise the act of adultising, sexualising, exposing, or exploiting the image, voice, or representation of children and adolescents for economic gain, including online and on social networks, even with parent...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "将“成人化”和利用儿童和青少年形象在互联网上牟利的行为定为刑事犯罪的法案（PL 4065/2025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，众议院提出了将互联网上“成人化”和利用儿童和青少年图像牟利的行为定为刑事犯罪的法案 (PL 4065/2025)。该法案修订了巴西的《刑法》和《儿童和青少年法》，将成人化、性化、暴露或利用儿童和青少年的形象、声音或代表以获取经济利益的行为定为刑事犯罪，包括在网上和社交网络上，甚至是在父母的陪同下……" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Age verification requirement in Bill to institute the Statute for the Protection of Children in the Digital Era (PL 4062/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2548924", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the Bill to institute the Statute for the Protection of Children in the Digital Era (PL 4062/2025), including age verification requirement, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. Article 7 obligates large-scale digital platforms and search tools to establish specific technical and procedural safeguards. These required measures comprise the implementation of systems for verifying user age, the conduct of regular assessments to evaluate potential risks, and the provision ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定《数字时代儿童保护法》法案中的年龄验证要求 (PL 4062/2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，向众议院提交了制定《数字时代儿童保护法》(PL 4062/2025) 的法案，其中包括年龄验证要求。第 7 条要求大型数字平台和搜索工具建立具体的技术和程序保障措施。这些所需措施包括实施验证用户年龄的系统、定期进行评估以评估潜在风险以及提供..." }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Attorney General of the Union and Office of the Solicitor General investigation into Meta over child protection violations through AI chatbots", "url": "https://www.gov.br/agu/pt-br/comunicacao/noticias/agu-aciona-meta-contra-robos-que-promovem-erotizacao-infantil/notificaochatmeta.pdf", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the Attorney General of the Union (AGU) and the Office of the Solicitor General of the Union (PGU) issued an extrajudicial notice (NUP 00170.003528/2025-45) to Meta Platforms, which operates Instagram and Facebook. The notice was based on Article 131 of the Federal Constitution, Complementary Law No. 73/1993, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (Law No. 8.069/1990), Article 217-A of the Penal Code, and the Meta Community Standards. It orders the immediate removal of cha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦总检察长和总检察长办公室对 Meta 因人工智能聊天机器人侵犯儿童保护行为展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 15 日，美国联邦总检察长 (AGU) 和联邦副检察长办公室 (PGU) 向运营 Instagram 和 Facebook 的 Meta Platforms 发出了一份法外通知 (NUP 00170.003528/2025-45)。该通知是根据《联邦宪法》第131条、第73/1993号补充法、《儿童和青少年法》（第8.069/1990号法）、《刑法》第217-A条以及Meta社区标准制定的。它命令立即删除查..." }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Bill amending Internet Civil Rights Framework to provide mandatory communication to authorities for content with indications of crime (PL 3955)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/169846#tramitacao_11116014", "description": "On 12 August 2025, the Bill amending Law No. 12,965 on the Internet Civil Rights Framework to provide mandatory communication to police authorities for content with indications of crime was introduced to the Federal Senate. The Bill requires social media platforms to alert the Public Prosecutor’s Office and police within 24 hours when users are warned for content that may be criminal, including child exploitation, racism, crime incitement or non-consensual sexual material. Platforms must prov...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订互联网民权框架的法案，强制向当局通报有犯罪迹象的内容（PL 3955）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 12 日，向联邦参议院提交了修订关于互联网民权框架的第 12,965 号法律的法案，该法案要求向警方当局强制通报有犯罪迹象的内容。该法案要求社交媒体平台在收到可能犯罪的内容（包括剥削儿童、种族主义、煽动犯罪或未经同意的性内容）的警告时，在 24 小时内向检察官办公室和警方发出警报。平台必须提供..." }, { "date": "9 August 2025", "title": "Bill addressing adultisation of minors online (PL 4468/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2557615", "description": "On 8 September 2025, Bill No. 4468/2025 on the adultisation of minors online was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. It defines adultisation as the exposure of minors to sexualised content, behaviour, or imagery. The Bill prohibits the monetisation of content involving such practices and applies to digital platforms, social networks, and content providers. These entities would be required to implement systems to identify and promptly remove relevant content, establish age verification mech...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "解决未成年人在线成人化问题的法案 (PL 4468/2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，众议院提交了关于未成年人在线成人化的第 4468/2025 号法案。它将成人化定义为未成年人接触性内容、行为或图像。该法案禁止将涉及此类做法的内容货币化，并适用于数字平台、社交网络和内容提供商。这些实体将被要求实施系统来识别并及时删除相关内容，建立年龄验证机制......" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 12622 establishing National Data Protection Agency as autonomous authority for protection of children online and powers for judicial blocking orders", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/decreto-n-12.622-de-17-de-setembro-de-2025-656777269", "description": "On 18 September 2025, Presidential Decree No. 12622 entered into force, designating the National Data Protection Agency (ANPD) as the autonomous administrative authority responsible for enforcing the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents in Digital Environments (Law No. 15211). The decree gives the ANPD the authority to issue judicial blocking orders under the Law and defines its role in the implementation of related measures. It also assigns responsibilities to two other entities...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 12622 号总统令设立国家数据保护局作为保护上网儿童的自治机构，并拥有司法封锁令的权力", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 18 日，第 12622 号总统令生效，指定国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 为负责执行《数字环境中儿童和青少年保护法》（第 15211 号法）的自治行政机构。该法令赋予国家警察局根据该法发布司法封锁令的权力，并明确了其在执行相关措施中的作用。它还将责任分配给另外两个实体......" }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Presidential Provisional Measure No. 1317", "url": "https://legis.senado.leg.br/sdleg-getter/documento?dm=10162603&ts=1772035733452&disposition=inline", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Senate adopted Presidential Provisional Measure No. 1317. The Measure formally establishes the National Data Protection Agency (ANPD) as a special agency linked to the Ministry of Justice and Public Security and grants it technical, administrative, and financial autonomy. The Measure amends Law No. 13.709 of 14 August 2008 to reflect the ANPD’s new status. It also amends Law No. 10.871 of 20 May 2004 to create a new Data Protection Regulation and Inspection Career, in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统临时措施第 1317 号", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，参议院通过了第 1317 号总统临时措施。该措施正式设立国家数据保护局（ANPD），作为隶属于司法和公安部的专门机构，并赋予其技术、行政和财务自主权。该措施修订了 2008 年 8 月 14 日第 13.709 号法律，以反映 ANPD 的新地位。它还修订了 2004 年 5 月 20 日第 10.871 号法律，以创建新的数据保护法规和检查职业，..." }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Justice and Public Security Ordinance on creation of an age rating range \"not recommended for children under 6 years old\" within the Indicative Classification system", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/governo-federal-propoe-criacao-de-nova-faixa-de-classificacao-indicativa-201cnao-recomendada-para-menores-de-6-anos201d", "description": "On 22 September 2025, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP), through the General Coordination of Indicative Classification of the National Secretariat for Digital Rights, proposed the establishment of an age rating labelled “not recommended for children under 6 years old.” The proposal addresses potential risks of audiovisual and digital content for children in the literacy and values formation phase, excluding all forms of violence from the free range and introducing criteria su...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "司法部和公安部关于在指示性分类系统中设立“不建议6岁以下儿童”年龄分级范围的条例", "description_zh": "2025年9月22日，司法和公安部（MJSP）通过国家数字权利秘书处指示性分类总体协调，提议设立“不建议6岁以下儿童使用”的年龄分级。该提案解决了处于识字和价值观形成阶段的儿童视听和数字内容的潜在风险，将所有形式的暴力排除在自由范围之外，并引入了标准..." }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged systemic failure to correct complaint attribution (Alianca Credit Advisory v Obvious Brazil Software and Services)", "url": "https://www.tjdft.jus.br/institucional/imprensa/noticias/2025/setembro/plataforma-digital-e-condenada-por-atribuir-reclamacoes-indevidas-a-empresa", "description": "On 22 September 2025, the Court of Justice of the Federal District and Territories (TJDFT) upheld a ruling ordering Obvious Brazil Software and Services to pay damages to a company following the publication of undue complaints on its platform. The plaintiff company had several complaints incorrectly attributed to it, which were intended for another entity. The court found that the defendant's repeated omission constituted a systemic failure, thereby precluding the application of the liability...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于涉嫌系统性未能纠正投诉归因的诉讼（Alianca Credit Advisory v Obvious Brazil Software and Services）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 22 日，联邦区和地区法院 (TJDFT) 维持了一项裁决，命令 Obvious Brazil Software and Services 在其平台上发布不当投诉后向一家公司支付损害赔偿金。原告公司有几起投诉被错误地归咎于它，这些投诉是针对另一家实体的。法院认为，被告的多次不作为构成了系统性故障，从而排除了责任的适用……" }, { "date": "26 November 2020", "title": "Google extraordinary appeal against court order to provide personal data of users in investigation of councilwoman's murder", "url": "https://portal.stf.jus.br/processos/detalhe.asp?incidente=6059876", "description": "On 26 November 2020, Google's extraordinary appeal against court order to provide personal data of users in investigation of councilwoman's murder was filed, addressing the legality of breaching internet search confidentiality in investigations like the Marielle Franco murder case. Google contested a court order demanding the disclosure of IP addresses and device identifiers of users searching terms linked to Franco's murder. The search service provider argued that this process contravenes pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌针对法院命令在女议员谋杀案调查中提供用户个人数据提出特别上诉", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 26 日，谷歌针对法院在女议员谋杀案调查中提供用户个人数据的命令提出特别上诉，解决了在玛丽埃尔·弗朗哥谋杀案等调查中违反互联网搜索保密性的合法性。谷歌对一项法院命令提出异议，该命令要求披露搜索与佛朗哥谋杀案相关的术语的用户的 IP 地址和设备标识符。搜索服务提供商辩称，这一过程违反了......" }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Bill on Prevention, Repression and Accountability of Dangerous Digital Challenges (PL 1690/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2497761", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the Communications Committee (CCOM) approved a substitute text to Bill No. 1690/2025, reaffirming measures for the prevention, repression, and accountability of digital content that proposes, encourages, or disseminates dangerous challenges or practices placing at risk the life or physical and mental health of children and adolescents. The approved proposal maintained the nationwide prohibition of creating, promoting, disseminating, or hosting such content in digital env...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "危险数字挑战的预防、压制和问责法案 (PL 1690/2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 24 日，通信委员会 (CCOM) 批准了第 1690/2025 号法案的替代文本，重申了对提出、鼓励或传播危及儿童和青少年生命或身心健康的危险挑战或做法的数字内容的预防、压制和问责措施。批准的提案维持了全国范围内禁止在数字环境中创建、推广、传播或托管此类内容的规定。" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Bill on content moderation in social media platforms (Bill No. 4717/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2563463", "description": "On 23 September 2025, the Bill on content moderation in social media platforms was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. It applies to platforms hosting user-generated content in Brazil. Platforms are required to have clear moderation policies. They must remove or flag verified disinformation, especially viral content. The Bill also provides that users should be able to report and track complaints. Platforms must cooperate with fact-checkers. An independent Committee for Digital Audit and Tr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于社交媒体平台内容审核的法案（法案第 4717/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 23 日，有关社交媒体平台内容审核的法案被提交众议院。它适用于在巴西托管用户生成内容的平台。平台需要有明确的审核政策。他们必须删除或标记经过验证的虚假信息，尤其是病毒式内容。该法案还规定用户应该能够报告和跟踪投诉。平台必须与事实核查人员合作。数字审计和交易独立委员会..." }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Bill on obligations of internet providers, financial institutions, and certification authorities in preventing electronic judicial fraud (Bill No. 4709/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2563330", "description": "On 23 September 2025, Bill No. 4709/2025 was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies to address fraud in electronic judicial systems, establishing specific obligations for internet providers, financial institutions, and certification authorities. The Bill requires internet application providers to retain access logs under judicial secrecy for twelve months exclusively for fraud-related investigations and to remove profiles or content promoting impersonation of legal professionals upon court ord...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于互联网提供商、金融机构和认证机构预防电子司法欺诈义务的法案（法案第 4709/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 23 日，众议院提出了第 4709/2025 号法案，旨在解决电子司法系统中的欺诈问题，规定了互联网提供商、金融机构和认证机构的具体义务。该法案要求互联网应用程序提供商将访问日志在司法保密下保留十二个月，专门用于与欺诈相关的调查，并根据法院命令删除宣传冒充法律专业人士的个人资料或内容。" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "National Data Protection Authority preparatory measures to assume responsibilities under Law for protection of children and adolescents in digital environments", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-se-prepara-para-assumir-competencias-do-eca-digital", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) announced preparatory measures to assume the responsibilities assigned to it under Law No. 15,211 of 17 September 2025, which established the Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA Digital). Pursuant to Decree No. 12,622 of 17 September 2025, the ANPD was granted authority to oversee the implementation of the legislation, regulate selected provisions, and monitor compliance at the national level, while its instituti...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据保护局为承担数字环境中儿童和青少年保护法规定的责任而采取的准备措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 宣布了准备措施，以承担 2025 年 9 月 17 日第 15,211 号法律赋予其的职责，该法律制定了《儿童和青少年数字法规》(ECA Digital)。根据 2025 年 9 月 17 日第 12,622 号法令，ANPD 有权监督立法的实施、规范选定的条款并监督国家一级的遵守情况，而其机构..." }, { "date": "10 March 2025", "title": "Bill amending Complementary Law No. 214 on information security and cybersecurity services (Complementary Bill No. 213/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2567380", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the Complementary Bill No. 213/2025 was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies to amend Complementary Law No. 214 of 16 January 2025 to regulate operations and service provisions relating to information security and cybersecurity. The Bill amends Article 142, II of the law to cover operations and services in these sectors when carried out by companies established in Brazil that have a legal representative in the country, as listed in Annex XI and identified according to the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订关于信息安全和网络安全服务的第 214 号补充法的法案（补充法案第 213/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 3 日，众议院提出了第 213/2025 号补充法案，以修订 2025 年 1 月 16 日第 214 号补充法，以规范与信息安全和网络安全相关的运营和服务规定。该法案修订了法律第 142 条第二款，以涵盖由在巴西设立、在该国拥有法定代表人的公司开展的这些部门的业务和服务，如附件 XI 所列并根据...确定。" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Law amending Law 12965/2014 and Decree-Law 2848/1940 to prohibit early eroticisation of children and adolescents (PL 4934/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2567043", "description": "On 2 October 2025, the Bill amending Law 12965/2014 and Decree-Law 2848/1940 to prohibit early eroticisation of children and adolescents (PL 4934/2025) was introduced to the National Congress. The Bill prohibits the early eroticisation of children and adolescents by internet application providers. The Bill introduces Article 21-A to the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (12965/2014), which forbids internet application providers from monetising, boosting, or recommending conten...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订第 12965/2014 号法律和第 2848/1940 号法令的法律，禁止儿童和青少年过早色情（PL 4934/2025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 2 日，向国会提交了修订第 12965/2014 号法律和第 2848/1940 号法令以禁止儿童和青少年过早色情的法案 (PL 4934/2025)。该法案禁止互联网应用程序提供商对儿童和青少年进行早期色情化。该法案在巴西互联网民权框架 (12965/2014) 中引入了第 21-A 条，该条禁止互联网应用程序提供商通过内容货币化、推广或推荐..." }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending Law No. 15.211 to establish technical standards for detecting child sexual abuse material and improving transparency mechanisms (Bill No. 4880/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2566319", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Bill No. 4880/2025 was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies to amend Law No. 15.211 of 17 September 2025, known as the Digital Statute of the Child and Adolescent, to establish specific technical standards for the detection of child sexual abuse material and to enhance transparency mechanisms. The Bill requires providers of information technology products and services with upload, sharing or audiovisual transmission functionalities to implement automated detection syst...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订第 15.211 号法律的法案，旨在制定检测儿童性虐待材料和改进透明度机制的技术标准（法案第 4880/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，第 4880/2025 号法案在众议院提出，旨在修订 2025 年 9 月 17 日第 15.211 号法律（即《儿童和青少年数字法规》），以制定检测儿童性虐待材料的具体技术标准并加强透明度机制。该法案要求具有上传、共享或视听传输功能的信息技术产品和服务提供者实施自动检测系统..." }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Statute of Significant Connectivity to promote digital inclusion (Bill No. 5031/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2569165", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the bill creating Brazil’s Significant Connectivity Statute and the National Plan for Significant Connectivity to promote digital inclusion was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The bill focuses on guaranteeing universal internet access, affordable devices, and the protection of personal data and privacy in technology use. It requires telecommunication providers to offer affordable, high-quality connectivity and mandates state oversight on data protection and secure di...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "促进数字包容性的重大连通性法规（第 5031/2025 号法案）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 7 日，制定巴西《重大互联互通法规》和《国家重大互联互通计划》以促进数字包容性的法案被提交众议院。该法案的重点是保证普遍的互联网接入、价格实惠的设备以及技术使用中个人数据和隐私的保护。它要求电信提供商提供负担得起的、高质量的连接，并要求国家对数据保护和安全数据进行监督……" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Bill on prevention and combat of human trafficking through digital means (Bill No. 4989/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2567772", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Bill on the prevention and combat of human trafficking through digital means was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill applies to digital platforms, internet application providers, influencers, and individuals involved in online recruitment or job placement. Platforms are required to detect and report content linked to human trafficking. The Bill also provides that non-compliance leads to fines ranging from BRL 10,000 to BRL 1,000,000. Individuals responsible ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《通过数字手段预防和打击人口贩运法案》（法案第 4989/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 7 日，《关于通过数字手段预防和打击人口贩运的法案》被提交众议院。该法案适用于数字平台、互联网应用提供商、影响者以及参与在线招聘或就业安置的个人。平台需要检测和报告与人口贩运有关的内容。该法案还规定，不遵守规定将处以 10,000 雷亚尔至 1,000,000 雷亚尔不等的罚款。相关责任人..." }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in regulation on authorisation, penalties and fraud-prevention measures in Pix payment scheme", "url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/estabilidadefinanceira/exibenormativo?tipo=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20BCB&numero=506", "description": "On 30 September 2025, Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) Resolution No. 506 entered into force following its publication in the Official Gazette of the Union, introducing cybersecurity provisions in the Pix payment scheme. The resolution provides that Pix participants may only set transaction limits based on criteria for mitigating risks of fraud and breaches of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism financing regulations, and requires participants to adopt minimum criteria defined by the BCB ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pix 支付计划中的授权、处罚和防欺诈措施监管中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "巴西中央银行 (BCB) 第 506 号决议于联盟官方公报上发布后于 2025 年 9 月 30 日生效，在 Pix 支付计划中引入了网络安全条款。该决议规定，Pix 参与者只能根据减轻欺诈风险以及违反反洗钱和反恐融资法规的标准设定交易限额，并要求参与者采用 BCB 定义的最低标准......" }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "Central Bank's security measure on Pix keys", "url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/detalhenoticia/20872/nota", "description": "On 4 October 2025, the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) implemented a security measure for blocking Pix keys flagged by participating institutions as being used for scams and fraud. Pix is an instant payment system created by Brazil's Central Bank, allowing users to make bank transfers between accounts using QR codes or Pix keys.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "央行对 Pix 密钥的安全措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 4 日，巴西中央银行 (BCB) 实施了一项安全措施，以阻止参与机构标记为用于诈骗和欺诈的 Pix 密钥。 Pix 是巴西中央银行创建的即时支付系统，允许用户使用二维码或 Pix 键在帐户之间进行银行转账。" }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Central Bank of Brazil's dispute feature for digital contestation by Pix users", "url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/detalhenoticia/20865/noticia", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) implemented the Pix “dispute button”. The feature applies to all Pix users and allows digital contestation of transactions in cases of fraud, scams, or coercion. Pix is an instant payment system created by the Bank, allowing users to make bank transfers between accounts using QR codes or Pix keys. When a dispute is filed, the scammer’s bank must block funds immediately, and both banks have up to seven days to review the case, with refunds is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西中央银行针对 Pix 用户数字争议的争议功能", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，巴西中央银行 (BCB) 实施了 Pix“争议按钮”。该功能适用​​于所有 Pix 用户，并允许在欺诈、诈骗或胁迫情况下对交易进行数字争议。 Pix 是银行创建的即时支付系统，允许用户使用二维码或 Pix 键在账户之间进行银行转账。当提出争议时，诈骗者的银行必须立即冻结资金，两家银行都有最多 7 天的时间来审查案件，退款..." }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Legal Framework for Cybersecurity Bill (Bill No. 4752/2025)", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/170613", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the Legal Framework for Cybersecurity Bill (Bill No. 4752/2025) was introduced to the Federal Senate of Brazil. The Bill would establish a Legal Framework for Cybersecurity and creates a National Programme for Digital Security and Resilience for the public sector. Private or third-sector organisations may join the Programme through agreements. Participants would develop their own cybersecurity plans, which include incident response protocols and an inventory of critical ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全法案的法律框架（法案编号 4752/2025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 24 日，《网络安全法律框架法案》（第 4752/2025 号法案）被提交给巴西联邦参议院。该法案将建立网络安全法律框架，并为公共部门制定国家数字安全和复原力计划。私营或第三方组织可以通过协议加入该计划。参与者将制定自己的网络安全计划，其中包括事件响应协议和关键......" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Ordinance on content classification system (Ordinance No. 1,048 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-mjsp-n-1.048-de-15-de-outubro-de-2025-663032521#wrapper", "description": "On 17 March 2026, provisions concerning internet applications in the Ministry of Justice ordinance on the content classification system enter into force. The provisions apply to all applications offered in digital stores, but not to content produced by third parties on application platforms. The age rating for internet applications is determined by content, functionalities, business models, and the behaviours they facilitate. Content is rated according to thematic axes, including violence, se...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内容分类制度条例（2025年第1,048号条例）", "description_zh": "2026年3月17日，司法部关于内容分类制度的条例中有关互联网应用的规定生效。这些规定适用于数字商店中提供的所有应用程序，但不适用于第三方在应用程序平台上制作的内容。互联网应用程序的年龄分级由内容、功能、商业模式及其促进的行为决定。内容根据主题轴进行评级，包括暴力、色情..." }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Inquiry on methodology and minimum requirements for age verification in digital services", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/mjsp-divulga-relatorio-sobre-verificacao-de-idade-na-internet", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the National Secretariat for Digital Rights (SEDIGI) of the Brazilian Ministry of Justice and Public Security published a report analysing public consultation inputs to support the regulation of age verification mechanisms under Law No. 15.211/2025 on the Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA Digital). The report identifies convergence around a risk-based, proportional framework that rejects self-declaration as a valid method for high-risk services, and outlines...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于数字服务中年龄验证的方法和最低要求的询问", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，巴西司法和公共安全部国家数字权利秘书处 (SEDIGI) 发布了一份报告，分析了公众咨询意见，以支持根据关于儿童和青少年数字法规 (ECA Digital) 的第 15.211/2025 号法律对年龄验证机制进行监管。该报告确定了围绕基于风险的比例框架的融合，该框架拒绝将自我声明作为高风险服务的有效方法，并概述了......" }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Ordinance No. 925/2025 establishing the Advisory Committee on methodology and minimum requirements for age verification in digital services accessible to children and adolescents", "url": "http://dspace.mj.gov.br/handle/1/14869", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP) published and brought into force Ordinance No. 925/2025, establishing the Advisory Committee responsible for formulating a proposal for methodology and minimum requirements for age verification in digital services accessible to children and adolescents. The Ordinance, issued under Article 42-A of Decree No. 11.348/2023, defines principles including the priority and full protection of children’s rights, privacy and personal d...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 925/2025 号法令，设立儿童和青少年数字服务年龄验证方法和最低要求咨询委员会", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 11 日，司法和公安部 (MJSP) 发布并实施第 925/2025 号法令，设立咨询委员会，负责制定儿童和青少年可使用的数字服务年龄验证方法和最低要求的提案。该条例根据第 11.348/2023 号法令第 42-A 条颁布，规定了优先和充分保护儿童权利、隐私和个人权利等原则。" }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practice requirement in Bill defining influencer activity in electronic media and establishing rules on advertising and image use (Bill No. 5234/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2572756", "description": "On 16 October 2025, the Bill defining influencer activity in electronic media and establishing rules on advertising and image use (Bill No. 5234/2025) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill provides that individuals or legal entities who commercially promote products, services, or causes online must identify sponsored content with clear markings such as “advertising” or “sponsored content”, in accordance with Law No. 4.680/1965, Law No. 8.079/1990, and Law No. 9.294/1996. It requ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中的公平营销和广告实践要求，定义了电子媒体中的影响者活动并制定了广告和图像使用规则（法案第 5234/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 16 日，众议院提出了定义电子媒体影响者活动并制定广告和图像使用规则的法案（第 5234/2025 号法案）。该法案规定，根据第 4.680/1965 号法律、第 8.079/1990 号法律和第 9.294/1996 号法律，在网上对产品、服务或事业进行商业宣传的个人或法人实体必须用清晰的标记来识别赞助内容，例如“广告”或“赞助内容”。它需要..." }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Bill amending General Data Protection Law to prohibit commercialisation and improper sharing of sensitive data (Bill No. 5226/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2572661", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the Chamber of Deputies introduced Bill No. 5226/2025, amending the General Data Protection Law to prohibit the commercialisation and improper sharing of sensitive data. The Bill forbids the disclosure, sharing, transfer, or sale of sensitive personal data except where expressly permitted by law. It regulates the processing of biometric data for access control in private areas, allowing it only when there is a specific legal basis, a legitimate security purpose, and a Data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订一般数据保护法的法案，禁止敏感数据的商业化和不当共享（法案第 5226/2025 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 15 日，众议院提出第 5226/2025 号法案，修订《通用数据保护法》，禁止敏感数据的商业化和不当共享。该法案禁止披露、共享、转让或出售敏感个人数据，除非法律明确允许。它规范了用于私人区域访问控制的生物识别数据的处理，只有在有特定的法律依据、合法的安全目的和数据..." }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practices in Bill on regulation of digital influencer activities and participation of children in audio-visual productions (Bill No. 3444/2023)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2372913", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the Bill on the regulation of digital influencer activities and participation of children in audio-visual productions was passed by the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill establishes rules to ensure transparency and truthfulness in influencer marketing. It requires that sponsored content must be clearly labelled as “advertising” or “sponsored content,” and edited or Artificial Intelligence-generated images must carry visible labels including “edited image” or “virtual image.” I...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于监管数字影响者活动和儿童参与视听制作的法案中的公平营销和广告做法（法案第 3444/2023 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 15 日，众议院通过了关于监管数字影响者活动和儿童参与视听制作的法案。该法案制定了确保影响者营销的透明度和真实性的规则。它要求赞助内容必须明确标记为“广告”或“赞助内容”，编辑或人工智能生成的图像必须带有可见标签，包括“编辑图像”或“虚拟图像”。我..." }, { "date": "11 May 2025", "title": "Bill regulating audiovisual content provision on demand (Bill No. 8.889/2017/ Bill No. 2.331/2022)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/1219345-camara-aprova-projeto-que-preve-cobranca-de-tributo-sobre-o-servico-de-streaming-audiovisual/", "description": "On 5 November 2025, the Bill regulating audiovisual content provision on demand (Bill No. 8.889/2017) was passed by the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill is a substitute sub-amendment adopted by the rapporteur of the Special Committee during the 241st Extraordinary Semi-Presential Deliberative Session. The substitute, approved under Article 191 of the Internal Regulations of the Chamber of Deputies, rendered all attached proposals, including Bill No. 2.331/2022, moot, and the Board of Directors c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "规管视听内容点播服务的法案（法案第8.889/2017号/法案第2.331/2022号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 5 日，众议院通过了规范视听内容按需提供的法案（法案第 8.889/2017 号）。该法案是特别委员会报告员在第241次半主席特别审议会议上通过的替代再修正案。根据《众议院内部条例》第 191 条批准的替代方案，使所有所附提案，包括第 2.331/2022 号法案，没有实际意义，董事会..." }, { "title": "Central Bank of Brazil Resolution No. 521 to include activities or operations of virtual asset service providers in the foreign exchange market and to provide for situations subject to regulation of Brazilian capital abroad and foreign capital in the country", "url": "https://www.bcb.gov.br/estabilidadefinanceira/exibenormativo?tipo=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20BCB&numero=521", "description": "On 4 May 2026, the remaining provisions of Resolution No. 521, which extend the foreign exchange framework to cover the activities and operations of virtual asset service providers, entered into force. These include Article 76-C and Article 82-A of BCB Resolution No. 277 of 31 December 2022, Annex II-A added by Article 2, the amendments to Annex V introduced by Article 3, and the amendments to BCB Resolutions Nos. 278 and 279 of 31 December 2022 introduced by Article 4. Implementation of thes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西中央银行第 521 号决议将虚拟资产服务提供商在外汇市场上的活动或运营纳入其中，并规定了巴西海外资本和境内外国资本受监管的情况", "description_zh": "2026 年 5 月 4 日，第 521 号决议的其余条款生效，该决议将外汇框架扩展至涵盖虚拟资产服务提供商的活动和运营。其中包括BCB 2022年12月31日第277号决议第76-C条和第82-A条、第2条添加的附件II-A、第3条引入的对附件V的修正案，以及第4条引入的BCB 2022年12月31日第278和279号决议的修正案。" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Administrative Council for Economic Defence investigation into Meta over alleged anti-competitive conduct (Case No. 08700.012397/2025-63)", "url": "https://sei.cade.gov.br/sei/modulos/pesquisa/md_pesq_documento_consulta_externa.php?HJ7F4wnIPj2Y8B7Bj80h1lskjh7ohC8yMfhLoDBLddZuQe4fDlGYjodlfzDJtbbraGQ7i9Yoh_6llKKVFbiLDm6R4Zi7tikYwWPtymyJ1Yf--clTBoQWdgkQiCRUVLI5", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Brazilian Competition Authority (CADE) Tribunal upheld a preliminary injunction under Administrative Inquiry No. 08700.012397/2025-63, requiring Meta to suspend an update to the WhatsApp Business Solution Terms. The General Superintendence had originally imposed the injunction on 12 January 2026 after finding that the update would have prevented general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot providers from accessing the WhatsApp Business Application Programming Inte...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经济防御行政委员会对 Meta 涉嫌反竞争行为进行调查（案件编号：08700.012397/2025-63）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 4 日，巴西竞争管理局 (CADE) 法庭维持了第 08700.012397/2025-63 号行政调查下的初步禁令，要求 Meta 暂停更新 WhatsApp 商业解决方案条款。总监管局最初于 2026 年 1 月 12 日发布了该禁令，原因是发现该更新将阻止通用人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人提供商访问 WhatsApp 商业应用程序编程接口。" }, { "title": "National Data Protection Authority, Federal Public Prosecutor's Office, and National Consumer Secretariat investigation into X over alleged generation of non-consensual sexual synthetic content by Grok", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-mpf-e-senacon-determinam-que-x-implemente-de-forma-imediata-medidas-para-corrigir-falhas-no-grok", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD), the Federal Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF), and the National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) concluded that the measures reported by X in response to a joint recommendation were insufficient to address flaws in the Grok artificial intelligence tool. The authorities found that the company had not provided evidence, technical documentation, or monitoring mechanisms demonstrating the effectiveness of the actions it claimed to h...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据保护局、联邦检察官办公室和国家消费者秘书处对 X 涉嫌由 Grok 生成未经同意的性合成内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 11 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD)、联邦检察官办公室 (MPF) 和国家消费者秘书处 (Senacon) 得出结论，X 针对联合建议报告的措施不足以解决 Grok 人工智能工具中的缺陷。当局发现该公司没有提供证据、技术文件或监控机制来证明其声称的行动的有效性。" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Resolution No. 32 recognising European Union as providing an adequate level of personal data protection for international data transfers", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/resolucao-n-32-de-26-de-janeiro-de-2026-683334547", "description": "On 27 January 2026, Resolution No. 32 entered into force following its publication in the Official Gazette of the Union. The resolution, adopted by the National Data Protection Agency (ANPD), recognises the European Union as ensuring a level of personal data protection adequate to that provided under the General Personal Data Protection Law (LGPD) (Law No. 13.709 of 14 August 2018) for the purposes of international data transfers. The resolution authorises transfers pursuant to Article 33(I) ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 32 号决议承认欧盟为国际数据传输提供足够水平的个人数据保护", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 27 日，第 32 号决议在欧盟官方公报上发布后生效。该决议由国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 通过，承认欧盟确保个人数据保护水平足以达到《一般个人数据保护法》(LGPD)（2018 年 8 月 14 日第 13.709 号法律）为国际数据传输目的提供的个人数据保护水平。该决议授权根据第 33(I) 条进行转让......" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Federal Police investigation into social media campaign over allegations of institutional defamation", "url": "https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/justica/noticia/2026-01/caso-master-pf-vai-apurar-suposta-campanha-contra-o-bc-nas-redes", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the Federal Police opened an investigation concerning social media activity related to the Central Bank of Brazil following the liquidation of Banco Master. The investigation was authorised by the Supreme Federal Court after reports emerged that digital influencers may have been offered financial incentives to publish content critical of the Central Bank. According to the authorities, the inquiry aims to assess whether the activities involved coordination or remuneration i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦警察对社交媒体针对机构诽谤指控的活动进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 28 日，联邦警察对 Banco Master 清算后与巴西中央银行相关的社交媒体活动展开调查。在有报道称数字影响者可能获得经济激励以发布批评央行的内容后，最高法院授权了这项调查。据当局称，调查旨在评估这些活动是否涉及协调或报酬..." }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Bill prohibiting the distribution of content promoting violence against women (PL 627/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2603685", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the Bill prohibiting the distribution of content promoting violence against women (PL 627/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill establishes obligations for internet application providers regarding the moderation of content that displays, promotes, or normalises violence against women. Under the proposed provisions, providers disseminating third-party content, including live broadcasts, must adopt effective measures to prevent the circulation of materia...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止传播宣扬暴力侵害妇女行为的内容的法案（PL 627/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 20 日，禁止传播宣扬暴力侵害妇女行为的内容的法案 (PL 627/2026) 提交众议院。该法案规定了互联网应用程序提供商在审核展示、宣扬暴力侵害妇女行为或使暴力侵害妇女行为正常化的内容方面的义务。根据拟议的规定，传播第三方内容（包括直播）的提供商必须采取有效措施，防止材料的流通……" }, { "title": "Bill amending Environmental Crimes Law to criminalise digital content of hate and violence against animals (PL 519/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2602713", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Bill amending the Environmental Crimes Law to criminalise digital content of hate and violence against animals (PL 519/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. It applies to individuals who incite, transmit, propagate, or disseminate digital content containing hate speech or violence against animals via the internet, social media, messaging applications, or other digital means. It would insert Article 32-B into the Environmental Crimes Law and establish penalt...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《环境犯罪法》的法案将仇恨和暴力侵害动物的数字内容定为犯罪（PL 519/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 11 日，向众议院提交了修订《环境犯罪法》的法案，将仇恨和暴力侵害动物的数字内容定为刑事犯罪（PL 519/2026）。它适用于通过互联网、社交媒体、消息应用程序或其他数字方式煽动、传播、宣传或传播包含仇恨言论或针对动物的暴力行为的数字内容的个人。它将在《环境犯罪法》中插入第 32-B 条，并设立刑罚……" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Mandatory identification of AI-generated content and objective liability of digital platforms (PL 83/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600154", "description": "On 2 February 2026, a mandatory identification of content generated or manipulated by artificial intelligence (AI) (PL 83/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would apply to users and digital platforms that publish, share, recommend, monetise or disseminate synthetic content, including videos, images, audio and text. It would require clear, conspicuous and permanent labelling of AI-generated or substantially manipulated content circulated on digital platforms and social n...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "强制识别人工智能生成的内容和数字平台的客观责任（PL 83/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 2 日，众议院引入了对人工智能 (AI) 生成或操纵的内容进行强制识别的规定 (PL 83/2026)。该法案将适用于发布、共享、推荐、货币化或传播合成内容（包括视频、图像、音频和文本）的用户和数字平台。这需要对在数字平台和社交网络上传播的人工智能生成或严重操纵的内容进行清晰、显眼和永久的标记。" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Bill on mandatory removal of content depicting animal abuse on social media (PL 180/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600442", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the Bill on mandatory removal of content depicting animal abuse on social media (PL 180/2026) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. It establishes rules prohibiting the publication and requiring the immediate removal of content displaying acts of cruelty, abuse, or animal mistreatment on internet applications. It amends Art. 19 of Law No. 12,965 of 23 April 2014 (Internet Civil Framework) by adding § 5º, which removes the requirement for a prior court order for provid...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于强制删除社交媒体上描述虐待动物的内容的法案（PL 180/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，众议院提出了关于强制删除社交媒体上描述虐待动物的内容的法案 (PL 180/2026)。它制定了禁止发布并要求立即删除互联网应用程序上展示残忍、虐待或虐待动物行为的内容的规则。它修改了艺术。 2014 年 4 月 23 日第 12,965 号法律（互联网民事框架）第 19 条添加了 § 5°，取消了事先法院命令提供..." }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Bill on criminalisation of deepfakes in electoral processes (PL 212/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600618", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the Bill on criminalisation of deepfakes in electoral processes (PL 212/2026) was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill amends the Electoral Code (Law No. 4,737/1965), the Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (Law No. 12,965/2014), and the General Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 13,709/2018). The Bill creates a new electoral offence criminalising the production, editing, or dissemination of deepfake content intended to degrade, defame, slander, or undul...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于选举过程中深度造假行为刑事定罪的法案 (PL 212/2026)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，众议院提出了将选举过程中的深度造假行为定为刑事犯罪的法案 (PL 212/2026)。 该法案修订了《选举法》（第 4,737/1965 号法律）、《互联网民权框架》（第 12,965/2014 号法律）和《一般个人数据保护法》（第 13,709/2018 号法律）。该法案设立了一项新的选举犯罪行为，将制作、编辑或传播旨在贬低、诽谤、诽谤或破坏的深造假内容定为刑事犯罪。" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill amending Law No. 15.211 to combat child sexual exploitation (PL 224/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600643", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the Bill amending Law No. 15.211 to combat child sexual exploitation (PL 224/2026) was submitted to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would apply to suppliers of information technology products or services that permit the sharing of images or videos, as well as to suppliers of information technology products or services intended for the dissemination of sexual content. Under proposed Article 28-A, the first group of suppliers would be required to embed a non-user-perceptib...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第 15.211 号法律修订法案中的内容审核规定，以打击儿童性剥削 (PL 224/2026)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，修订第 15.211 号法律以打击儿童性剥削的法案 (PL 224/2026) 提交给众议院。该法案将适用于允许共享图像或视频的信息技术产品或服务的供应商，以及旨在传播色情内容的信息技术产品或服务的供应商。根据拟议的第 28-A 条，第一组供应商将被要求嵌入非用户感知的..." }, { "title": "Age verification requirements in Bill establishing minimum requirements and mandatory certification regime for age verification mechanisms in digital services and applications (PL 381/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2601270", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Bill establishing minimum requirements and a mandatory certification regime for age verification mechanisms in digital services and applications was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill applies to digital platforms, applications, and content providers offering age-restricted content or services that may affect the rights of children and adolescents, including foreign providers operating in the domestic market. It requires the use of systems homologated by th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中的年龄验证要求为数字服务和应用程序中的年龄验证机制制定了最低要求和强制性认证制度（PL 381/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 6 日，向众议院提交了为数字服务和应用程序中的年龄验证机制制定最低要求和强制性认证制度的法案。该法案适用于提供可能影响儿童和青少年权利的年龄限制内容或服务的数字平台、应用程序和内容提供商，包括在国内市场运营的外国提供商。它需要使用经过认证的系统..." }, { "title": "Government access to data in Bill amending Civil Rights Framework for Internet including rules on labelling political content and algorithmic amplification (No. PL 450/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2602201", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Bill amending the Civil Rights Framework for Internet on rules on labelling political content, algorithmic amplification, including government access to data, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill applies to digital platforms, including social networks, search engines, messaging services, and marketplaces that distribute or boost third-party content. The Bill governs access to platform records on political content during elections by authorities. The pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府获取修订互联网民权框架法案中的数据，包括标记政治内容和算法放大的规则（第 PL 450/2026 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 10 日，向众议院提交了修订互联网民权框架的法案，该法案涉及政治内容标签、算法放大（包括政府获取数据）的规则。该法案适用于数字平台，包括社交网络、搜索引擎、消息服务以及分发或推广第三方内容的市场。该法案管辖当局在选举期间对政治内容平台记录的访问。该专业..." }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Design requirement in Bill establishing minimum protection duties for children and adolescents on digital platforms (Bill No. 730/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2604320", "description": "On 24 February 2026, Bill establishing minimum protection duties for children and adolescents on digital platforms (Bill No. 730/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would require digital platforms to implement technical mechanisms to identify indications of remunerated activity and potential economic exploitation involving children and adolescents. Such mechanisms may include algorithmic detection models, monitoring systems, defined escalation flows and risk indicators, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "规定数字平台上儿童和青少年最低保护义务的法案的设计要求（第730/2026号法案）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，向众议院提交了规定数字平台上儿童和青少年最低保护义务的法案（第 730/2026 号法案）。该法案将要求数字平台实施技术机制，以识别涉及儿童和青少年的有酬活动和潜在经济剥削的迹象。此类机制可能包括算法检测模型、监控系统、定义的升级流程和风险指标……" }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Brazil and South Korea Trade and Productive Integration Arrangement", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/atos-adotados-por-ocasiao-da-visita-de-estado-do-presidente-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-a-seul-coreia-23-e-24-de-fevereiro-de-2026", "description": "On 23 February 2026, Brazil and the Republic of Korea signed an Arrangement on Trade and Productive Integration to promote trade and economic integration. The Arrangement includes measures regarding cooperation on digital trade, digital infrastructure, and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and related hardware. It also refers to collaboration in advanced manufacturing and digital industries, and to exchanges of practices relevant to the digital economy. The parties indi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西与韩国贸易和生产一体化安排", "description_zh": "2026年2月23日，巴西和韩国签署贸易和生产一体化安排，以促进贸易和经济一体化。该安排包括有关数字贸易、数字基础设施以及人工智能及相关硬件等新兴技术合作的措施。它还指先进制造业和数字产业的合作，以及与数字经济相关的实践交流。各方表示..." }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Testing requirement in Bill amending Law No. 15.211 establishing algorithmic integrity mechanisms, limits to persuasive design, and a parental alert system in messaging environments (PL 687/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2604036", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Bill establishing algorithmic integrity mechanisms, limits to persuasive design, and a parental alert system in messaging environments (PL 687/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would amend Law No. 15.211 of 2025 (Digital Child and Adolescent Statute) to require recommendation systems used by digital platforms to undergo periodic risk assessments through independent technical audits. The Bill would mandate these audits focus on preventing damage...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第 15.211 号法律修订法案中的测试要求建立了算法完整性机制、说服性设计的限制以及消息传递环境中的家长警报系统 (PL 687/2026)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，向众议院提交了建立算法完整性机制、说服性设计限制以及消息传递环境中的家长警报系统的法案 (PL 687/2026)。该法案将修订 2025 年第 15.211 号法律（数字儿童和青少年法规），要求数字平台使用的推荐系统通过独立技术审计进行定期风险评估。该法案将要求这些审计的重点是防止损害......" }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Bill providing for transparency in dynamic pricing for private individual passenger transport applications (No. PL 682/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2604028", "description": "On 24 February 2026, Bill No. 682/2026 on transparency in pricing formation in private individual passenger transport applications was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would apply to applications or network communication platforms providing private individual passenger transport services in Brazil. It would require auditability of pricing algorithms by public authorities and would prohibit the use of users’ personal or sensitive data as a criterion for fare increases. Where dyn...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为私人个人客运应用动态定价提供透明度的法案（第 PL 682/2026 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，向众议院提交了关于私人个人客运申请定价形成透明度的第 682/2026 号法案。该法案将适用于在巴西提供私人个人客运服务的应用程序或网络通信平台。它将要求公共当局对定价算法进行审计，并禁止使用用户的个人或敏感数据作为票价上涨的标准。哪里动..." }, { "title": "Bill establishing procedures and criteria for recognition and maintenance of international data protection adequacy regimes (No. PL 449/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2602199", "description": "On 10 February 2026, Bill No. 449/2026 establishing procedures and criteria for the recognition and maintenance of international data protection adequacy regimes was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would insert Chapter VI-A into the General Data Protection Law (Law No. 13.709/2018) and would establish a formal administrative procedure for recognising, maintaining, suspending and revoking adequacy decisions concerning foreign jurisdictions or regimes. The Bill would require the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定承认和维护国际数据保护充分性制度的程序和标准的法案（第 PL 449/2026 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 10 日，向众议院提交了第 449/2026 号法案，该法案规定了承认和维护国际数据保护充分性制度的程序和标准。该法案将在《一般数据保护法》（第 13.709/2018 号法律）中插入第六章 A 章，并将建立正式的行政程序，以承认、维持、暂停和撤销有关外国司法管辖区或制度的充分性决定。该法案将要求..." }, { "title": "Bill amending Statute of the Child and Adolescent regarding publication and monetisation of children's images on social networks (PL 339/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2601144", "description": "On 5 February 2026, Bill No. 339/2026 amending the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (Law No. 8.069 of 13 July 1990) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The proposal would insert new paragraphs into Article 17 establishing that public and private educational establishments would be prohibited from publishing, through official or institution-administered social media profiles, images capable of identifying children without specific written authorisation from both parents or the legal ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《儿童和青少年法》有关社交网络上儿童图像的发布和货币化的法案（PL 339/2026）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 5 日，修订《儿童和青少年法》的第 339/2026 号法案（1990 年 7 月 13 日第 8.069 号法）被提交众议院。该提案将在第 17 条中插入新的段落，规定禁止公立和私立教育机构通过官方或机构管理的社交媒体资料发布能够识别儿童身份的图像，未经父母双方或法定机构的具体书面授权……" }, { "title": "Bill amending Law No. 15.211 (Children and Adolescents Digital Statute) to establish concurrent competence for the application of penalties (PL 349/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2601181", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the Bill to establish concurrent competence for the application of penalties (PL 349/2026) was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill amends paragraph 5 of Article 35 of Law No. 15.211 (Children and Adolescents Digital Statute) to establish concurrent jurisdiction between the Judiciary and the autonomous administrative authority for the protection of the rights of children and adolescents in the digital environment for the application of the penalties set out in i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订第 15.211 号法律（儿童和青少年数字法规）的法案，以建立适用处罚的并行权限 (PL 349/2026)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 5 日，向众议院提交了建立并行处罚适用权的法案 (PL 349/2026)。该法案修订了第 15.211 号法（《儿童和青少年数字法》）第 35 条第 5 款，以在司法机构和自治行政当局之间建立并行管辖权，以保护数字环境中的儿童和青少年权利，适用第 15.211 号法（《儿童和青少年数字法》）中规定的处罚。" }, { "title": "Non-discrimination and transparency requirements for automated pricing in Bill amending Consumer Defence Code (PL 385/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2601284", "description": "On 6 February 2026, Bill (PL 385/2026) amending the Consumer Defence Code (Law No. 8.078) to prohibit discriminatory personalised pricing and establish transparency obligations for automated price formation was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The Bill would apply to suppliers entering into digital or electronic consumer contracts. It would amend Article 39 to prohibit the use of personal data, inferred data, browsing history, location, device characteristics or other digital surveillan...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者保护法修正案 (PL 385/2026) 法案中对自动定价的非歧视和透明度要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 6 日，向众议院提交了修订《消费者保护法》（第 8.078 号法律）的法案 (PL 385/2026)，以禁止歧视性个性化定价并规定自动价格形成的透明度义务。该法案将适用于签订数字或电子消费者合同的供应商。它将修改第 39 条，禁止使用个人数据、推断数据、浏览历史记录、位置、设备特征或其他数字监控……" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Prohibition of access to digital social networks for children under 16 in Bill on the Protection of Children and Adolescents in the Digital Environment (PL 94/2026)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600178", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Bill on the Protection of Children and Adolescents in the Digital Environment (PL 94/2026) including prohibition of access to digital social networks for children under 16 was introduced to Chamber of Deputies. The Bill defines digital social networks as platforms that allow the creation of personal profiles, promote social interaction, use content recommendation algorithms, or enable media sharing. This scope includes platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, X, Thr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《数字环境中儿童和青少年保护法案》(PL 94/2026) 禁止 16 岁以下儿童访问数字社交网络", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 2 日，向众议院提交了《数字环境中儿童和青少年保护法案》(PL 94/2026)，其中包括禁止 16 岁以下儿童访问数字社交网络。该法案将数字社交网络定义为允许创建个人资料、促进社交互动、使用内容推荐算法或实现媒体共享的平台。此范围包括 Instagram、TikTok、Facebook、X、Thr..." }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill (PL 98/2026) amending Law No. 15,211 concerning Electronic Games", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2600187", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Bill (PL 98/2026) amending Law No. 15,211 concerning Electronic Games was introduced in the Chamber of Deputies. Article 21-A requires the implementation of automated language and behaviour filters, the automatic restriction of private messages from newly created or unverified accounts, and preventative monitoring of minors' accounts. Article 21-B requires platforms implement technical barriers preventing children and adolescents from accessing certain content, includi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订有关电子游戏的第 15,211 号法律的法案 (PL 98/2026) 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 2 日，众议院提交了修订有关电子游戏的第 15,211 号法律的法案 (PL 98/2026)。第 21-A 条要求实施自动语言和行为过滤器，自动限制来自新创建或未经验证的帐户的私人消息，并对未成年人帐户进行预防性监控。第 21-B 条要求平台实施技术障碍，阻止儿童和青少年访问某些内容，包括……" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Guidance on implementation of Law on Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents, including age verification and content moderation obligations (Law No. 15.211/2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/noticias/2026/03/governo-do-brasil-regulamenta-o-eca-digital-novo-marco-na-protecao-de-criancas-e-adolescentes-na-internet/18032026_perguntas_respostas_eca-digital.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the National Data Protection Authority issued guidance clarifying the implementation of the Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents, Law No. 15.211/2025. The guidance explains that digital services accessible to minors must adopt safety-by-design measures, provide parental supervision tools, and link accounts of users under 16 to legal guardians. It clarifies that self-declared age is no longer valid and that providers must implement reliable age verification mechanisms ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童和青少年数字法规法实施指南，包括年龄验证和内容审核义务（第 15.211/2025 号法律）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，国家数据保护局发布了指导意见，明确了《儿童和青少年数字法规》（第 15.211/2025 号法律）的实施。该指南解释说，未成年人访问的数字服务必须采取安全设计措施，提供家长监督工具，并将16岁以下用户的账户与法定监护人关联。它澄清了自我声明的年龄不再有效，提供商必须实施可靠的年龄验证机制......" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Decree regulating Law for protection of children in digital environments and establishing national policy and oversight framework (No. 12880)", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2026/decreto/D12880.htm", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the Decree regulating the Law for protection of children in digital environments and establishing national policy and oversight framework, including content moderation regulation, entered into force upon receiving the President's assent. The Decree requires providers of digital services accessible to children and adolescents to implement robust content moderation measures, including the prompt removal of illegal or harmful content such as material involving sexual exploitati...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《数字环境下儿童保护法和建立国家政策和监督框架法》中的内容审核规定（第 12880 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，规范数字环境中儿童保护法并建立国家政策和监督框架（包括内容审核监管）的法令在获得总统批准后生效。该法令要求向儿童和青少年提供的数字服务提供商实施强有力的内容审核措施，包括及时删除非法或有害内容，例如涉及性剥削的材料。" }, { "title": "Decree on organisational structure and expanded powers of National Data Protection Agency (No. 12881)", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2026/decreto/D12881.htm", "description": "On 8 April 2026, the Decree on organisational structure and expanded powers of the National Data Protection Agency (ANPD) enters into force. The Decree strengthens the ANPD’s institutional autonomy and confirms its powers under Brazil’s personal data protection law and Law No. 15,211/2025 on the protection of children and adolescents in digital environments. It authorises the ANPD to issue implementing rules, investigate infringements, apply warnings and fines, define standards for parental c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于国家数据保护局组织结构和扩大权力的法令（第 12881 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 8 日，关于国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 组织结构和扩大权力的法令生效。该法令加强了 ANPD 的机构自主权，并确认了其根据巴西个人数据保护法和关于保护数字环境中的儿童和青少年的第 15,211/2025 号法律所赋予的权力。它授权 ANPD 发布实施细则、调查侵权行为、施加警告和罚款、制定家长保护标准……" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Guidelines on reliable age measurement mechanisms", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/eca-digital/mecanismos-confiaveis-de-afericao-de-idade-orientacoes-preliminares.pdf/view", "description": "On 20 March 2026, the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) published preliminary guidelines and a monitoring schedule on reliable age verification mechanisms under the Digital Statute of Children and Adolescents (Law No. 15.211/2025 / ECA Digital), which entered into force on 17 March 2026, and Decree No. 12.880 of 18 March 2026. The guidelines apply to providers of information technology products or services intended for children and adolescents, or likely to be accessed by that audienc...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "可靠的年龄测量机制指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 20 日，国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 根据《儿童和青少年数字法规》（第 15.211/2025 号法律 / ECA Digital）发布了关于可靠年龄验证机制的初步指南和监测时间表，该法规于 2026 年 3 月 17 日生效，以及 2026 年 3 月 18 日第 12.880 号法令。该指南适用于信息技术产品或服务的提供商。面向儿童和青少年的服务，或可能由该受众群体访问的服务..." }, { "title": "Ordinance establishing transparency rules for price composition and allocation on digital transport and delivery platforms (No. 61)", "url": "https://in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-n-61-de-24-de-marco-de-2026-695066948", "description": "On 24 April 2026, the ordinance establishing transparency rules for price composition and allocation on digital transport and delivery platforms enters into force. The ordinance introduces requirements intended to increase the availability of information in algorithm-mediated consumer transactions as the use of mobility and delivery applications expands. It also provides for the disclosure of service providers’ remuneration. The ordinance requires digital transport and delivery platforms to d...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "建立数字传输和交付平台价格构成和分配透明度规则的条例（第 61 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 24 日，制定数字传输和交付平台价格构成和分配透明度规则的法令生效。该条例提出了一些要求，旨在随着移动和交付应用程序使用的扩展，增加算法介导的消费者交易中信息的可用性。它还规定披露服务提供商的报酬。该条例要求数字运输和交付平台..." }, { "title": "Brazil - PL 2338/2023 (AI Bill) Status", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.com/brazil-ai-act/", "description": "Brazil's AI Bill (PL 2338/2023) was approved by the Senate on December 10, 2024 and moved to the Chamber of Deputies. The bill establishes a risk-based framework similar to the EU AI Act but more flexible, with focus on transparency, accountability, and data protection. The Chamber of Deputies vote is pending in 2026.", "categories": [ "National AI Bill", "Risk-Based", "Pending Legislation" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西 - PL 2338/2023（AI 法案）状态", "description_zh": "巴西的人工智能法案（PL 2338/2023）于2024年12月10日获得参议院批准，并移交众议院。该法案建立了一个类似于欧盟人工智能法案的基于风险的框架，但更加灵活，重点关注透明度、问责制和数据保护。众议院投票将于 2026 年进行。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Brazil - TSE AI Rules for October 2026 Elections", "url": "", "description": "Brazil's Superior Electoral Court (TSE) issued new AI rules ahead of the October 2026 elections, including a ban on publishing or boosting AI-generated/altered content that changes electoral facts or deceives voters.", "categories": [ "Election AI", "Content Moderation", "Electoral Integrity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西 - 2026 年 10 月选举的 TSE AI 规则", "description_zh": "巴西高级选举法院 (TSE) 在 2026 年 10 月选举前发布了新的人工智能规则，包括禁止发布或推广人工智能生成/更改的内容，从而改变选举事实或欺骗选民。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Estratégia Brasileira de Inteligência Artificial (Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/transformacaodigital/arquivosinteligenciaartificial/ebia-diagramacao_4-979_2021.pdf", "description": "AI law in Brazil: The Estratégia Brasileira de Inteligência Artificial (EBIA) is Brazil's national strategic framework for artificial intelligence instituted by Portaria MCTI No. 4.617 on 6 April 2021 and amended by Portaria MCTI No. 4.979 on 13 July 2021. EBIA sets principles, nine thematic axes and 73 strategic actions to guide public policy, research, capacity-building, ethics, and international alignment on AI in Brazil....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Estratégia Brasileira de Inteligência Artificial（巴西人工智能战略）", "description_zh": "巴西人工智能法：Estratégia Brasileira de Inteligência Artificial (EBIA) 是巴西国家人工智能战略框架，由 Portaria MCTI No. 4.617 于 2021 年 4 月 6 日制定，并于 2021 年 7 月 13 日由 Portaria MCTI No. 4.979 修订。EBIA 制定了原则、九个主题轴和 73 项战略行动，以指导公共政策、研究、巴西人工智能的能力建设、道德规范和国际协调......" }, { "title": "Projeto de Lei nº 2.338/2023 (Marco Legal da Inteligência Artificial — Draft national AI regulatory framework)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br", "description": "AI law in Brazil: PL 2.338/2023 is a comprehensive draft framework to regulate the development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Brazil. It sets rights for people affected by AI, creates a national governance architecture coordinated by a designated authority (with the ANPD playing a central role in consultations), defines risk‑based obligations for suppliers and operators, and establishes sanctions and liability rules....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Projeto de Lei n° 2.338/2023（Marco Legal da Inteligência Artificial — 国家人工智能监管框架草案）", "description_zh": "巴西人工智能法：PL 2.338/2023 是规范巴西人工智能 (AI) 开发、部署和使用的综合框架草案。它为受人工智能影响的人们设定了权利，创建了由指定机构协调的国家治理架构（ANPD在协商中发挥核心作用），定义了供应商和运营商基于风险的义务，并制定了制裁和责任规则……" }, { "title": "Programa Smart Sampa - São Paulo AI Surveillance and Smart City Program", "url": "https://legislacao.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/leis/decreto-numero-63552-de-04-de-julho-de-2024", "description": "AI law in Brazil: The Programa Smart Sampa is a São Paulo municipal initiative deploying an AI-powered video monitoring system for public safety and urban management, adhering to Brazil's LGPD....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Programa Smart Sampa - 圣保罗人工智能监控和智能城市计划", "description_zh": "巴西的人工智能法：Programa Smart Sampa 是圣保罗市的一项举措，旨在为公共安全和城市管理部署人工智能驱动的视频监控系统，遵循巴西的 LGPD……" }, { "title": "Portaria nº 8/2025 (Portaria establishing the composition of the Group of Work to manage the PBIA)", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivIl_03/_Ato2023-2026/2024/Decreto/D12308.htm", "description": "AI law in Brazil: Portaria nº 8/2025 (CITDigital/CCivil/PR) establishes the composition and operational rules for the interministerial Group of Work (GT-PBIA) responsible for managing and implementing the Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial (PBIA). The Portaria names representatives and alternates from federal ministries, agencies and public financing institutions, designates the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) as coordinator, and authorizes the coordinator to manage substitutions and operational activities to implement the PBIA governance agenda....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Portaria n° 8/2025（Portaria 建立管理 PBIA 工作组的组成）", "description_zh": "巴西的人工智能法：Portaria n° 8/2025 (CITDigital/CCivil/PR) 规定了负责管理和实施 Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial (PBIA) 的部际工作组 (GT-PBIA) 的组成和操作规则。 Portaria 任命来自联邦部委、机构和公共融资机构的代表和候补代表，指定科学、技术和创新部 (MCTI) 作为协调员，并授权协调员管理替代和业务活动，以实施 PBIA 治理议程。" }, { "title": "Resolução CITDIGITAL nº 1/2025 (Regimento Interno do Comitê Executivo do Comitê Interministerial para a Transformação Digital)", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2023-2026/2024/Decreto/D12308.htm", "description": "AI law in Brazil: Resolução CITDIGITAL nº 1/2025 approves the Internal Rules (Regimento Interno) for the Executive Committee of the Interministerial Committee for Digital Transformation (CITDigital). It defines the Committee's composition, responsibilities, decision-making procedures, working groups and operational modalities to implement and monitor federal digital transformation policy under Decree No. 12.308/2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 1/2025 号 CITDIGITAL 决议（Regimento Interno do Comitê Executivo do Comitê Interministerial para a Transformação Digital）", "description_zh": "巴西人工智能法：第 1/2025 号 CITDIGITAL 决议批准了数字化转型部际委员会 (CITDigital) 执行委员会的内部规则 (Regimento Interno)。它定义了委员会的组成、职责、决策程序、工作组和运作模式，以根据第 12.308/2024 号法令实施和监督联邦数字化转型政策。..." }, { "title": "Projeto de Lei nº 21/2020 (Foundations, principles and guidelines for development and application of AI in Brazil)", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/transformacaodigital/estrategia-brasileira-de-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "AI law in Brazil: Project of Law PL 21/2020 establishes foundational principles, rights, duties and governance instruments for the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in Brazil. The bill defines core concepts (AI systems, life cycle, agents), guarantees rights of affected persons, imposes duties on AI developers and operators (including transparency, prior risk assessment and cybersecurity), and directs public authorities to promote research, interoperability and capacity-building. (camara.leg.br)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Projeto de Lei n° 21/2020（巴西人工智能开发和应用的基础、原则和指南）", "description_zh": "巴西人工智能法：PL 21/2020 法律项目为巴西人工智能 (AI) 的开发和应用制定了基本原则、权利、义务和治理工具。该法案定义了核心概念（人工智能系统、生命周期、代理），保障受影响者的权利，对人工智能开发者和运营商施加责任（包括透明度、事先风险评估和网络安全），并指示公共当局促进研究、互操作性和能力建设。 （camara.leg.br）..." }, { "title": "Portaria MCTI nº 4.979, de 13 de julho de 2021 (Ordinance amending the EBIA annexes)", "url": "https://antigo.mctic.gov.br/mctic/opencms/legislacao/portarias/Portaria_MCTI_n_4979_de_13072021.html", "description": "AI law in Brazil: Portaria MCTI nº 4.979 of 13 July 2021 amends the Annex of Portaria MCTI nº 4.617/2021 to update the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Strategy (EBIA). The Ordinance republishes the EBIA Annex (strategic axes and actions) and enters into force on the date of its publication in the Official Gazette (D.O.U.)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Portaria MCTI n° 4.979, de 13 de julho de 2021（修订 EBIA 附件的条例）", "description_zh": "巴西人工智能法：2021 年 7 月 13 日的 Portaria MCTI n° 4.979 修订了 Portaria MCTI n° 4.617/2021 的附件，以更新巴西人工智能战略 (EBIA)。该条例重新发布了 EBIA 附件（战略轴和行动），并自其在官方公报 (D.O.U.) 上发布之日起生效......" }, { "date": "5 April 2026", "title": "Brazilian Senate advances AI regulation bill to final voting stage", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br", "description": "The Brazilian Senate AI regulation bill (PL 2338/2023) advanced to its final voting stage after committee approval of amendments strengthening risk classification requirements and adding provisions for AI-generated content labeling. The bill is expected to face a floor vote in the coming weeks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Transparency", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西参议院将人工智能监管法案推进至最终投票阶段", "description_zh": "在委员会批准加强风险分类要求并添加人工智能生成内容标签规定的修正案后，巴西参议院人工智能监管法案 (PL 2338/2023) 进入最终投票阶段。该法案预计将在未来几周内进行全体投票。" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Ezequiel Cunha de Moura e outro v. Wallace de Moura Silva", "url": "/documents/1896/tmp27A72A3FF7CF47228DB09028366FBA00Ass.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TJ-RJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited an STJ acórdão by number (1654321) and reproduced a passage; court research showed no matching RJ acórdão and identified REsp 1.654.321/MG (and AREsp 1654321 of different origin), concluding the cited passage/acórdão does not exist as presented. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃塞奎尔·库尼亚·德·莫拉诉华莱士·德·莫拉·席尔瓦案", "description_zh": "律师出现在 TJ-RJ 面前。捏造：判例法|请愿书引用了 STJ acórdão（编号：1654321）并转载了一段文字；法庭研究显示没有匹配的 RJ acórdão 并确定了 REsp 1.654.​​321/MG（以及不同来源的 AREsp 1654321），得出的结论是所引用的段落/acórdão 并不存在。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "TJ-RJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Brazil and Paraguay sign agreement to improve health surveillance standards in Latin America", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anvisa/en/updates/brazil-and-paraguay-sign-agreement-to-improve-health-surveillance-standards-in-latin-america", "description": "To provide a faster and coordinated response to modern regulatory challenges, the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) and the Health Surveillance Directorate of Paraguay (Dinavisa) signed a new Declaration of Intent to improve health surveillance standards in Latin America. The agreement was signed on Wednesday (March 25) during the International Health Dialogue event in Rio de Janeiro. The focus is to intensify the surveillance of medicines and health products, in order to combat a problem that threatens public health and safety in the region: the circulation of irregular and counterf", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西和巴拉圭签署协议改善拉丁美洲健康监测标准", "description_zh": "巴西卫生监管局 (Anvisa) 和巴拉圭健康监测局 (Dinavisa) 签署了一份旨在提高拉丁美洲健康监测标准的意向声明。该协议是在里约热内卢国际卫生对话期间正式达成的，旨在加强对药品和保健品的监管，以打击非法和假冒物品的流通。该伙伴关系旨在协调最佳实践，加强卫生技术市场控制，并针对该地区的非法贸易建立强有力的技术壁垒。该协议还为未来的技术谈判奠定了基础，强调持续的信息交流和共同行动以促进区域发展，强调无国界保护公共卫生的共同承诺。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Brazilian CFM issues resolution on AI use in medicine", "url": "https://portal.cfm.org.br/noticias/cfm-normatiza-uso-da-ia-na-medicina", "description": "Para o coordenador da Comissão de Inteligência Artificial e relator da Resolução, conselheiro federal Jeancarlo Cavalcante, a regulamentação do uso da IA pelo CFM, mostra o compromisso da entidade de que o uso da nova tecnologia “ocorra de forma responsável, segura e alinhada aos valores éticos da profissão”. Para elaborar a norma, o CFM criou um grupo de trabalho, que passou um ano e meio debatendo as propostas apresentadas. “Nossa resolução é fruto de um amplo debate com especialistas e da observação das melhores práticas internacionais”, destacou.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西 CFM 发布关于人工智能在医学中使用的决议", "description_zh": "巴西联邦医学委员会 (CFM) 发布了第 2,454/2026 号决议，制定了在医疗实践中使用人工智能 (AI) 的指南。该决议允许医生​​利用人工智能工具来支持临床决策、医疗保健管理、科学研究和继续医学教育，前提是他们遵守道德和法律标准。它强调诊断、治疗和预后决策的最终责任在于医生，他们可能会拒绝使用缺乏科学验证或监管认证的人工智能技术。此外，每当人工智能用于护理时，患者都必须被告知。该决议将于2026年8月10日即发布180天后生效。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Brazil introduces bill establishing national policy on technological governance, algorithmic transparency, and digital equity in public administration", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2604315", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated 24 February 2026 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西提出法案，制定公共管理中技术治理、算法透明度和数字公平的国家政策", "description_zh": "第 728/2026 号法案制定了公共管理中技术治理、算法透明度和数字公平的国家政策，该法案已提交众议院，适用于联邦公共管理和涉及自动化系统的合同服务提供商。该法案要求在起草职权范围或签订影响基本权利的自动化系统之前进行事先技术和基本权利影响评估（AIDF），需要 30 天的公众咨询期（国家安全除外）。它还规定公共技术合同必须包括反锁定保障措施，例如互操作性要求、数据可移植性、记录的API、关键组件的托管、服务连续性措施、过渡合作义务以及对开源解决方案的偏好，不合规可能导致提案资格被取消或合同无效。此外，该法案还修订了关于公共采购的第 14,133/2021 号法律，将 AIDF 要求和反锁定保障措施纳入公共采购框架。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Brazil president calls for global governance of AI at India AI Summit", "url": "https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/noticias/2026/02/em-nova-delhi-lula-defende-governanca-global-da-ia-e-alerta-201cquando-poucos-controlam-os-algoritmos-nao-e-inovacao-e-dominacao", "description": "Nesta quinta-feira (19/2), em seu primeiro compromisso oficial da visita à Índia, presidente participou da Cúpula sobre o Impacto da Inteligência Artificial e ressaltou que conteúdos falsos manipulados por IA distorcem processos eleitorais e põem em risco a democracia", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西总统在印度人工智能峰会上呼吁人工智能全球治理", "description_zh": "在新德里举行的人工智能峰会上，总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦主张建立人工智能全球治理，并警告说，少数人对算法的集中控制并不代表创新，而是代表统治。卢拉总统强调主要数字平台需要制定平衡的规则，并强调了国民议会在人工智能监管框架和吸引巴西数据中心投资措施方面取得的进展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "ANPD, MPF and Senacon conclude that measures reported by X on Grok AI were insufficient", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/documentos-tecnicos-orientativos/recomendacao_conjunta_anpd_mpf_senacon_caso_grok.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gov.br): Recomendacao_conjunta_ANPD_MPF_SENACON_Caso_Grok.pdf.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD、MPF 和 Senacon 得出结论认为 X 报告的关于 Grok AI 的措施不够充分", "description_zh": "国家数据保护局 (ANPD)、联邦检察官办公室 (MPF) 和国家消费者秘书处 (Senacon) 得出的结论是，X 针对其 Grok AI 工具实施的纠正措施不足以解决重大安全缺陷。经过联合调查，这些当局确定该公司未能提供技术文件或监控证据来支持其改进主张，而初步测试证实，该公司正在生成涉及未成年人和成年人的未经同意的色情内容。因此，ANPD 和 Senacon 立即发布命令，要求 X 部署技术和组织保障措施，以阻止在所有系统模式中创建此类内容，并要求在五个工作日内提交功效文档。强积金要求每月提交透明度报告，详细说明深度造假预防工作、内容删除和账户暂停，并指出该公司之前的披露明显缺乏清晰度。由于调查仍在进行中，当局警告称，不遵守这些指令可能会引发巨额罚款、行政制裁以及进一步的司法行动，以确保消费者和数据的保护。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Brazil authorities recommend X’s Grok halt AI-generated non-consensual sexual content", "url": "https://www.mpf.mp.br/sp/sala-de-imprensa/docs/recomendacao-grok", "description": "Primary source (mpf.mp.br) dated 21 January 2026 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西当局建议 X 的 Grok 停止人工智能生成的未经同意的性内容", "description_zh": "巴西消费者保护机构 Senacon、数据保护机构 ANPD 和联邦检察官办公室发表联合声明，宣布他们已向 X 提出建议，实施与 Grok AI 相关的措施，以防止创建和传播未经同意的露骨色情内容，特别是涉及未成年人的内容。这些机构设定了 30 天的期限来监督 X 对这些建议的遵守情况。此前，巴西立法者曾呼吁暂停 Grok，因为其涉嫌生成此类深度伪造图像。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Brazil probe of X's Grok over deepfakes sought by Worker's Party", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 16 January 2026) regarding AI policy activity in BR. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西对 X 的 Grok 进行深度造假调查，受到工人党的追究", "description_zh": "据悉，工人党（PT）议员已向联邦区联邦检察院提起申诉，要求对 X 的 Grok AI 聊天机器人展开调查。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "CADE opens investigation against Meta and applies preventive measure suspending WhatsApp's new terms regarding AI", "url": "https://www.gov.br/cade/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/cade-abre-inquerito-contra-meta-e-aplica-medida-preventiva-suspendendo-novos-termos-do-whatsapp-sobre-ia", "description": "A Superintendência-Geral do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (SG/ Cade ) abriu, nesta segunda-feira (12/01), um inquérito administrativo contra empresas do grupo Meta para apurar suspeitas de abuso de posição dominante.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CADE 对 Meta 展开调查，并采取预防措施，暂停 WhatsApp 有关人工智能的新条款", "description_zh": "巴西反垄断机构 - 巴西经济防御行政委员会 (CADE) - 已对 WhatsApp 母公司 Meta 发起行政调查，以调查可能滥用市场支配地位的情况。焦点在于新的“WhatsApp 商业解决方案条款”，据称该条款对人工智能工具提供商施加了限制，可能会排除竞争对手并有利于 Meta 自己的人工智能服务。作为预防措施，CADE 已暂停实施这些新条款，直到彻底评估拟议的变更是否有可能关闭市场、排除竞争对手以及过度偏向 Meta AI，而 Meta AI 可能成为平台用户的唯一选择。程序结束时，CADE 可能决定启动行政程序或结案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Idec calls on the government to suspend Grok after non-consensual sexual deepfakes", "url": "https://nucleo.jor.br/curtas/2026-01-12-idec-pede-ao-governo-suspensao-do-grok-apos-deepfakes-de-mulheres-e-criancas-sem-roupa/", "description": "O Instituto de Defesa do Consumidor (Idec) pediu ao governo federal, nesta segunda-feira (12.jan.2026), a suspensão do funcionamento do Grok, o chatbot dentro do X, após a ferramenta gerar imagens sem roupa de mulheres e crianças na primeira semana do ano.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Idec 呼吁政府在未经同意的性深度假货后暂停 Grok", "description_zh": "据悉，巴西消费者保护研究所（Idec）已正式要求巴西政府暂停使用X的Grok AI。这一行动是因为有证据表明 Grok 已被用来制作未经同意的、性化的妇女和儿童图像，构成了对基本权利的严重侵犯。 Idec 向数字环境中保护儿童和青少年权利部门间委员会发出了呼吁，该委员会包括多个政府机构。该研究所强调，不负责任的技术创新会导致真正的伤害，并呼吁出于法律和道德的需要暂时中止 Grok。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Brazil to merge PL 2338/2023 and PL 6237/2025", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 31 December 2025) regarding AI policy activity in BR. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西将合并 PL 2338/2023 和 PL 6237/2025", "description_zh": "尽管巴西到 2025 年将没有明确的人工智能法，但政府已经通过合并两项补充法案（PL 2338/2023 和 PL 6237/2025）制定了明确的治理路线图，以制定统一的国家战略。 PL 2338 定义了实质性规则、风险分类和版权义务，而 PL 6237 通过建立国家人工智能系统 (SIA) 并加强国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 作为中央协调员来提供制度框架。这项监管工作得到了 Redata 计划的支持，该计划提供税收优惠，以加强国内数据基础设施并吸引大量投资。尽管行政部门和立法部门之间的立法保持一致，但全面实施仍然是一个长期过程，执行期限长达两年，并需要进一步的行政法令来最终确定新的监管机构。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Brazilian data protection authority outlines priorities through 2027", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-publica-mapa-de-temas-prioritarios-para-o-bienio-2026-2027-e-atualiza-agenda-regulatoria-2025-2026", "description": "Documentos preveem ações de fiscalização e de normatização voltadas para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes no ambiente digital, conferindo mais transparência e previsibilidade à atuação da Agência", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西数据保护机构概述了 2027 年的优先事项", "description_zh": "巴西国家数据保护局 (ANPD) 批准了 2026-2027 年“优先主题地图”，重点关注保障数据主体权利、根据新《数字法规》保护在线儿童和青少年、确保公共机构在个人数据处理方面合规，以及监督人工智能等新兴技术。该计划包括具体目标，例如计划在 2026 年和 2027 年进行 25 次数据主体权利检查、15 次儿童保护检查、20 次人工智能相关实践检查以及公共部门数据共享监测，以加强执法和治理。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "ANPD supports Brazilian government’s AI bill, outlines governance plans", "url": "", "description": "Primary source (sj.com) dated 9 December 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ANPD 支持巴西政府的人工智能法案，概述治理计划", "description_zh": "据悉，巴西国家数据保护局（ANPD）局长 Iagê Zendron Miola 已表示支持政府建立促进和监管人工智能国家体系的法案。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 401", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "AI governance bill (PL 6237/2025) introduced", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=3063060&filename=PL%206237/2025", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated 8 December 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能治理法案 (PL 6237/2025) 出台", "description_zh": "建立国家人工智能发展、监管和治理体系的法律（PL 6237/2025）已提交众议院。该法律将建立一个人工智能监管框架，称为国家人工智能发展、监管和治理体系（SIA），由新成立的巴西人工智能理事会（CBIA）、巴西数据保护局（ANPD）、两个新成立的由专家和民间社会代表组成的委员会以及其他相关公共机构组成。 CBIA 将负责制定与经济发展、数字主权和社会包容相关的人工智能指导方针和原则，就人工智能政策制定向共和国总统提供建议，并就部门问题与其他当局进行协调。 ANPD 将成为人工智能的剩余监管机构和监督机构，有权发布具有约束力的规则，包括有关事件报告和算法影响评估的规则，要求澄清用于培训公共部门高风险人工智能的数据，并发布高风险人工智能用例列表。此外，该法律将要求 ANPD 和部门机构根据对基本权利、弱势群体的影响、系统性网络安全危害的风险以及对儿童和青少年发展的影响等标准，定义高风险人工智能的新类别。理由说明指出，国会已经在审查第 2338/2023 号法案，行政部门必须做好实施无论采用哪种监管模式的准备。因此，该法律通过将责任分配给 CBIA、ANPD、专家和民间社会委员会以及部门监管机构来组织巴西的人工智能治理，以支持协调监督。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Digital Law and Artificial Intelligence are on the agenda for updating the Civil Code", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/direito-digital-e-inteligencia-artificial-entram-na-pauta-de-atualizacao-do-codigo-civil", "description": "Representantes da Sedigi e da Senacon destacam a necessidade de harmonização normativa e de proteção do consumidor no ambiente digital", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字法和人工智能被列入民法典更新议程", "description_zh": "参议院更新民法典临时委员会举行了公开听证会，讨论将数字法和人工智能纳入巴西民法典现代化。司法和公共安全部的代表，包括数字权利国家秘书 Lílian Cintra de Melo 和消费者保护部主任 Osny Filho，强调了数字环境中监管一致性和消费者保护的必要性。拟议的更新旨在解决合成材料的大规模流通、数字服务的扩展以及对人工智能系统日益依赖等问题。该提案的要点包括人工智能生成内容时的强制披露、数字身份的保护、人类与人工智能交互产生的责任的认可，以及负责任的人工智能开发的一般参数，例如人类监督、透明度和非歧视。讨论强调了将新民法典与现有立法（包括互联网民事框架、消费者保护法和一般数据保护法）保持一致的重要性，以确保法律确定性并保障公民在数字领域的权利。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Brazil competition authority investigates into Meta over antitrust concerns arising from new service terms blocking integration of AI chatbot in Whatsapp", "url": "https://sei.cade.gov.br/sei/modulos/pesquisa/md_pesq_processo_exibir.php?1MQnTNkPQ_sX_bghfgNtnzTLgP9Ehbk5UOJvmzyesnbE-Rf6Pd6hBcedDS_xdwMQMK6_PgwPd2GFLljH0OLyFfNC0M3nlk1cCAubR2QVwHDgM8xWHU2GlN1_iOaUdZf3", "description": "Primary source (sei.cade.gov.br): :: Sistema Eletrônico de Informações - Pesquisa Processual ::.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西竞争主管机构对 Meta 进行调查，原因是新服务条款阻止人工智能聊天机器人集成到 Whatsapp 中，引发反垄断担忧", "description_zh": "继人工智能助理公司 Luzia 和 Zapia 投诉后，巴西竞争主管机构——巴西经济防御行政委员会 (CADE) 已对 Meta 和 WhatsApp 发起调查。这些公司声称，最近于 2025 年 10 月宣布的 WhatsApp 服务条款变更禁止通用人工智能提供商与该应用程序集成，从而有效地授予了 Meta 自己的助手 Meta AI 在该平台内的垄断地位。新条款立即影响新的开发者，并将自 2026 年 1 月 15 日起扩展到现有开发者。投诉人认为，此举扰乱了竞争、创新和用户选择，特别是考虑到 WhatsApp 在巴西的广泛使用。他们还声称 Meta 没有为该禁令提供任何技术或安全理由，并突然实施这些限制，从而危及整个商业模式。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "Google's AI scraping of news could get scrutiny in Brazil, CADE chief says", "url": "https://www.bricscompetition.org/news/googles-ai-scraping-of-news-could-get-scrutiny-in-brazil-cade-chief-says", "description": "CADE is considering a separate investigation into Google's AI scraping of news content, the agency's president said.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CADE 负责人表示，谷歌的人工智能新闻抓取可能会在巴西受到审查", "description_zh": "据悉，巴西竞争主管机构 CADE 正在考虑调查谷歌利用人工智能从网站上抓取新闻内容的行为。临时总统古斯塔沃·奥古斯托·弗雷塔斯·德利马最初倾向于结束对谷歌新闻抓取行为的现有调查，现在承认人工智能生成的新闻摘要带来了更多担忧。虽然谷歌的搜索引擎被发现可以通过引导用户找到原始来源来使新闻媒体受益，但人工智能驱动的“片段”功能可以创建第三方内容的自动摘要，这引发了人们对其对新闻行业影响的质疑。 CADE 预计将在今年年底前决定是结束当前案件还是继续对谷歌的人工智能抓取活动进行更深入的调查。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Malaysia and Brazil deepen ties in technology and innovation", "url": "https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/joint-statement-between-malaysia-and-the-federative-republic-of-brazil-on-the-occasion-of-the-official-visit-of-his-excellency-luiz-inacio-lula-da-sil", "description": "Primary source (kln.gov.my) dated 27 October 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马来西亚和巴西深化技术和创新联系", "description_zh": "马来西亚和巴西重申致力于加强跨战略领域的双边关系，重点是技术驱动的增长、创新和可持续发展。此次合作旨在推进贸易、投资、能源转型和人力资本开发等领域的共同优先事项，同时扩大人工智能等关键新兴领域的合作。马来西亚总理安瓦尔·易卜拉欣 (Anwar Ibrahim) 与巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦 (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) 举行会晤，强调技术和创新是半导体、食品技术和教育合作的关键领域。讨论还涵盖了共同努力发展能力和分享跨科学技术领域专业知识的机会。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.kln.gov.my', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /web/guest/-/joint-statement-between-malaysia-and-the-federative-republic-of-brazil-on-the-occasion-of-the-official-visit-of-his-excellency-luiz-inacio-lula-da-sil (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationEr", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "Brazilian government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/apos-recursos-anpd-divulga-resultado-definitivo-do-projeto-sandbox-regulatorio", "description": "Official source record dated 14 October 2025 for Brazil concerning National Data Protection Authority published results of regulatory sandbox on AI and data protection. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据保护局公布人工智能和数据保护监管沙盒结果", "description_zh": "巴西国家数据保护局（ANPD）公布了第2/2025号通知的最终结果，选择了Metatext Inteligência Artificial Ltda.、Synapse Artificial Intelligence Ltda.和IA Greenworld Ltda。参与人工智能和数据保护监管沙盒。该沙盒适用于开发处理个人数据的人工智能系统的公共和私人实体，并在 2026 年 12 月之前提供受监督的实验环境。它的目的是促进算法透明度、设计隐私和负责任的创新，下一阶段包括对参与者进行人工智能、监管和沙盒方法方面的培训。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Brazil introduces bill amending copyright law to prohibit unauthorised AI deepfakes", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2568007", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated 7 October 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴西提出修改版权法的法案以禁止未经授权的人工智能深度假货", "description_zh": "修订《版权法》的法案已提交众议院，该法案旨在禁止未经授权使用人工智能（AI）生成的逼真数字模仿品。该法案适用于数字内容创作、社交媒体平台、流媒体服务、人工智能生成媒体以及其他托管或分发视听或表演内容的在线平台。未经明确同意，它禁止公开传播逼真的数字模仿品。它将逼真的数字模仿定义为能够误导公众的视听、声音或混合内容。漫画、模仿、讽刺、批评、新闻、科学研究、艺术用途和公共利益除外。违规行为将引发民事、行政和刑事制裁，包括删除内容、赔偿物质和精神损失，以及每项内容最高 50,000 雷亚尔的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Brazil enacts sweeping bill requiring online age verification, safeguards for children’s data", "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2025/lei/L15211.htm", "description": "O PRESIDENTE DA REPÚBLICA Faço saber que o Congresso Nacional decreta e eu sanciono a seguinte Lei:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西颁布全面法案，要求在线年龄验证和儿童数据保护", "description_zh": "巴西总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦签署了一项新法律（第 15,211 号法律），要求数字服务提供商验证用户的年龄，并对儿童和青少年实施严格的数据保护措施。该立法要求科技公司采用可靠的年龄验证机制，以防止未成年人访问涉及暴力、色情、性剥削、毒品、赌博或自残的内容。此外，平台必须建立家长监督工具，禁止以侵犯儿童隐私的方式处理儿童个人数据，并禁止将此类数据用于定向广告。该法律更新了 1990 年的法规，将于 3 月生效，使巴西成为第一个为儿童制定专门的在线隐私和安全保护的拉丁美洲国家。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Human Rights and Citizenship's ordinance establishing guidance for ethical, safe and transparent use of AI enters into force", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-n-1.522-de-1-de-setembro-de-2025-652650114", "description": "Primary source (in.gov.br) dated 3 September 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人权和公民部制定道德、安全和透明使用人工智能指南的法令生效", "description_zh": "巴西人权和公民部制定的关于道德、安全和透明地使用人工智能指南的法令已经生效。它适用于该部开发、承包或使用的人工智能系统。该条例要求尊重权利、数据保护、透明度、人工监督和预防偏见。它禁止在没有法律依据的情况下处理敏感数据、未经审查而产生法律效力、歧视性分析和滥用机密数据。该条例还对数字治理委员会进行监督，规定记录和用户披露。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', RemoteDisconnected('Remote end closed connection without response'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Brazil and Ecuador sign agreement on AI development", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/noticias/2025/08/brasil-e-equador-assinam-memorando-a-em-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "A ministra da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Luciana Santos, e a ministra das Relações Exteriores e Mobilidade Humana do Equador, Gabriela Sommerfeld, assinaram nesta segunda-feira, 18 de agosto, um Memorando de Entendimento (MdE) em inteligência artificial.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西和厄瓜多尔签署人工智能开发协议", "description_zh": "巴西和厄瓜多尔签署了一项合作开发人工智能技术的协议。这一伙伴关系旨在促进联合研究计划、促进知识共享并加强两国的人工智能生态系统。该协议强调了双方致力于通过人工智能应用推进技术创新和应对共同挑战。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Brazil order Meta to remove chatbots that 'eroticize' children", "url": "https://www.gov.br/agu/pt-br/comunicacao/noticias/agu-aciona-meta-contra-robos-que-promovem-erotizacao-infantil/notificaochatmeta.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gov.br) dated 15 August 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴西命令 Meta 删除“色情”儿童的聊天机器人", "description_zh": "巴西联邦总检察长 (AGU) 和联邦副检察长办公室 (PGU) 已向 Meta 发出法外通知，命令立即删除使用 Meta AI Studio 工具创建的在色情环境中使用类似儿童语言的聊天机器人。示例包括配置文件“Bebezinha”、“Minha Novinha”和“Safadinha”。 Meta 还必须在 72 小时内提出其为防止儿童和青少年访问 Facebook、Instagram 和 WhatsApp 上的性或色情内容而采取的措施。 AGU 和 PGU 声称这些聊天机器人违反了联邦宪法第 227 条规定的充分保护儿童和青少年的原则。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "Silva Cordeiro v. Municipio de Santana do Parnaiba", "url": "/documents/653/Silva_Cordeiro_v._Municipio_de_Santana_do_Parnaiba.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the São Paulo State Tribunal. False Quotes: Case Law | Quote attributed to STF RE 378.041; court found the phrase absent and no mention of Lei 8.437/92 in that judgment. Outcome: Monetary sanction equivalent to one month of minimum wage.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Silva Cordeiro v. Municipio de Santana do Parnaiba", "description_zh": "律师在圣保罗州法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|引用自 STF RE 378.041；法院认为该判决中不存在该短语，也没有提及 Lei 8.437/92。结果：相当于一个月最低工资的经济制裁。", "court": "São Paulo State Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction equivalent to one month of minimum wage", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "6 July 2025", "title": "China and Brazil expand cooperation in AI", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wld/lss/zygz/202507/t20250707_1399017.html", "description": "Primary source (ndrc.gov.cn): 【国家发展改革委与巴西有关部门签署合作文件】-国家发展和改革委员会.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国与巴西扩大人工智能合作", "description_zh": "中巴两国在基础设施、医药、新能源、人工智能、发展战略对接等领域签署了一系列合作文件，推动双边关系发展。双方签署第二阶段合作谅解备忘录，对接两国发展战略，同意扩大人工智能等领域合作。国家发改委和巴西科技创新部官员还签署了关于建立人工智能应用合作中心的谅解备忘录，旨在促进人工智能领域的合作（包括夯实人工智能发展基础、提供开源和开放服务、支持人才培养）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "ATSum 0010525-47.2025.5.03.0037", "url": "/documents/564/28a8e98659526f2c66a0b6e2715ccc13.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Regional Labour Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Initial petition cited non-existent judicial precedents to support the claim; the defense flagged the fabrications and the court recognized them as such and as bad-faith conduct. Outcome: Monetary Sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ATSum 0010525-47.2025.5.03.0037", "description_zh": "律师在地区劳工法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|最初的请愿书引用了不存在的司法先例来支持这一主张；辩方指出了这些捏造行为，法院承认这些捏造行为是恶意行为。结果：货币制裁。", "court": "Regional Labour Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "Rodney Chagas v. Fabricio Petinelli Vieira Coutinho", "url": "/documents/480/Rodney_Chagas_v._Fabricio_Petinelli_Vieira_Coutinho_Brazil_9_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Parana State. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited jurisprudences that could not be located and were deemed nonexistent, suspected as AI-generated. Outcome: Monetary fine (1% of case value).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗德尼·查加斯 v. 法布里西奥·佩蒂内利·维埃拉·库蒂尼奥", "description_zh": "律师在巴拉那州的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了无法定位且被视为不存在的判例，怀疑是人工智能生成的。结果：罚款（案值的 1%）。", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary fine (1% of case value)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "Brazilian government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/201cneurotecnologias201d-sao-o-tema-do-4o-volume-da-serie-radar-tecnologico-da-anpd", "description": "Official source record dated 9 June 2025 for Brazil concerning ANPD issues guidance on neurotechnologies. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 发布神经技术指南", "description_zh": "The Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) has released the fourth issue of its technological radar series, focusing on neurotechnologies and their implications for personal data protection under Brazil's General Data Protection Law (LGPD). The guidance examines concepts such as neural data and classifications of neurotechnologies, exploring their applications and highlighting ethical and legal challenges, including data privacy risks and the potential classification of neural data as sensitive personal data. It also discusses the need for robust governance frameworks, explores future trends such as AI integration with neurotechnologies and consumer neurodevices, and emphasises compliance with LGPD principles such as purpose limitation, transparency, and security.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/noticias/2025/05/pbia-e-destaque-no-forum-de-ia-dos-brics-com-meta-de-supercomputador-e-inovacao-industrial", "description": "O secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para a Transformação Digital do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), Henrique Miguel, representou o Brasil nesta segunda-feira (20) na abertura do F órum de Alto Nível sobre Inteligência Artificial dos BRICS , promovido conjuntamente pelos governos brasileiro e chinês. O evento, realizado sob a presidência rotativa do Brasil no bloco, reúne autoridades governamentais, pesquisadores, empresários e instituições acadêmicas para discutir o papel estratégico da IA no desenvolvimento dos países do Sul Global. Durante o discurso de abertu", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "description_zh": "At the BRICS High-Level Forum on Artificial Intelligence, held under Brazil’s rotating presidency, Brazil’s Secretary for Science, Technology, and Innovation for Digital Transformation, Henrique Miguel, highlighted the Brazilian AI Program (PBIA) as a state policy focused on ethical, sustainable, and sovereign AI development to address the country's social, economic, and environmental challenges. Key initiatives include the creation of a top-five global supercomputer powered by renewable energy and the domestic development of high-performance processors through international partnerships. The event also featured the launch of strategic reports and a partnership between the China-BRICS AI Center and the University of São Paulo, emphasizing Brazil’s goal to strengthen cooperation with BRICS countries in areas such as semiconductors, high-performance computing, large language models, and quantum technologies. The forum underscored the importance of robust, inclusive AI ecosystems and equitable data governance to enable fair competition for developing countries, marking a significant step toward more inclusive international AI governance based on South-South cooperation and local capacity building.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/noticias/2025/05/pbia-e-destaque-no-forum-de-ia-dos-brics-com-meta-de-supercomputador-e-inovacao-industrial", "description": "O secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para a Transformação Digital do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), Henrique Miguel, representou o Brasil nesta segunda-feira (20) na abertura do F órum de Alto Nível sobre Inteligência Artificial dos BRICS , promovido conjuntamente pelos governos brasileiro e chinês. O evento, realizado sob a presidência rotativa do Brasil no bloco, reúne autoridades governamentais, pesquisadores, empresários e instituições acadêmicas para discutir o papel estratégico da IA no desenvolvimento dos países do Sul Global. Durante o discurso de abertu", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "description_zh": "At the BRICS High-Level Forum on Artificial Intelligence, held under Brazil’s rotating presidency, Brazil’s Secretary for Science, Technology, and Innovation for Digital Transformation, Henrique Miguel, highlighted the Brazilian AI Program (PBIA) as a state policy focused on ethical, sustainable, and sovereign AI development to address the country's social, economic, and environmental challenges. Key initiatives include the creation of a top-five global supercomputer powered by renewable energy and the domestic development of high-performance processors through international partnerships. The event also featured the launch of strategic reports and a partnership between the China-BRICS AI Center and the University of São Paulo, emphasizing Brazil’s goal to strengthen cooperation with BRICS countries in areas such as semiconductors, high-performance computing, large language models, and quantum technologies. The forum underscored the importance of robust, inclusive AI ecosystems and equitable data governance to enable fair competition for developing countries, marking a significant step toward more inclusive international AI governance based on South-South cooperation and local capacity building.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "China President Xi meets with Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/zyxw/202505/t20250514_11622738.html", "description": "On the afternoon of May 13, 2025, President Xi Jinping held talks with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who is on a state visit to China, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China President Xi meets with Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva", "description_zh": "President Xi Jinping of China met with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva during his state visit to China, emphasising the mutual respect and shared future between Brazil and China. Among other topics, both sides mention \"expanding new frontiers of cooperation in energy transition, aerospace, the digital economy and artificial intelligence, so as to create more highlights in practical cooperation between the two countries\".", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "China and Brazil sign letter of intent on cooperation in digital economy investments", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/atos-adotados-por-ocasiao-da-visita-de-estado-do-presidente-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-a-pequim-china-12-e-13-de-maio-de-2025/letter-of-intent-mdic-mofcom-digital-economy-portuguese.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gov.br) dated 13 May 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China and Brazil sign letter of intent on cooperation in digital economy investments", "description_zh": "China's Ministry of Commerce of China and Brazil's Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade and Services have signed a Letter of Intent on cooperation in digital economy investments. The parties agreed to support companies in exploring joint initiatives and participating in projects under Brazil’s industrial policy. Areas identified for cooperation include the development of digital economy infrastructure such as digitalisation processes, network connectivity, broadband networks, internet services, satellite navigation, terrestrial and submarine cables, data centres, cloud computing, low-carbon infrastructure, and digital systems including AI, 5G, and smart cities.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Jamisson Roriz de Santana Andrade v. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho", "url": "/documents/334/Santana_Andrade_v._TST_Brazil_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Implied use of MobiOffice's AI Assistant in proceedings before the Supremo Tribunal Federal. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited RE 328.111/DF as precedent allegedly violated; the Court stated it could not locate such decision. Outcome: Case summarily dismissed; Counsel referred to the Bar Association; Claimant ordered to pay double the costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jamisson Roriz de Santana Andrade v. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Implied use of MobiOffice's AI Assistant in proceedings before the Supremo Tribunal Federal. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited RE 328.111/DF as precedent allegedly violated; the Court stated it could not locate such decision. Outcome: Case summarily dismissed; Counsel referred to the Bar Association; Claimant ordered to pay double the costs.", "court": "Supremo Tribunal Federal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied use of MobiOffice's AI Assistant", "outcome": "Case summarily dismissed; Counsel referred to the Bar Association; Claimant ordered to pay double the costs", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Reclamação (RCL) 78.890 / BA", "url": "/documents/758/8E03AC1BCB6B0B_downloadPeca2.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used MobiOffice in proceedings before the Supremo Tribunal Federal. Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited ARE 1.218.084 AgR as a controlling precedent; the Court was unable to locate the decision invoked, treating it as a fabricated citation. Outcome: Reclamação found manifestly unfounded; bad faith and monetary sanction (double court costs); OAB and OAB/BA to be notified.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Reclamação (RCL) 78.890 / BA", "description_zh": "Lawyer used MobiOffice in proceedings before the Supremo Tribunal Federal. Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited ARE 1.218.084 AgR as a controlling precedent; the Court was unable to locate the decision invoked, treating it as a fabricated citation. Outcome: Reclamação found manifestly unfounded; bad faith and monetary sanction (double court costs); OAB and OAB/BA to be notified.", "court": "Supremo Tribunal Federal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "MobiOffice", "outcome": "Reclamação found manifestly unfounded; bad faith and monetary sanction (double court costs); OAB and OAB/BA to be notified", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Brazilian official gazette source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-citdigital-n-2-de-8-de-maio-de-2025-628599624", "description": "Official source record dated 12 May 2025 for Brazil concerning Brazil establishes working group for management of Brazil AI Plan. See the linked in.gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil establishes working group for management of Brazil AI Plan", "description_zh": "Brazil's Resolution No. 2/2025 establishing a Working Group with the purpose of operationalising the management of the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (PBIA) has entered into force. The Working Group is tasked with monitoring the PBIA's execution and proposing adjustments to the Executive Committee, organising its work into annual plans, providing information on its activities and PBIA monitoring when requested, and presenting an annual execution monitoring report for the PBIA to the Executive Committee. The group consists of 15 members and their alternates, representing various government bodies and entities, and will be coordinated by a representative from the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation. The Working Group is established for a duration of 4 years.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', RemoteDisconnected('Remote end closed connection without response'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "description_zh": "Foreign Ministers from the BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new members as of 1 January 2025, including Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) have issued a declaration following a meeting in Rio de Janeiro, which includes commitments on AI to prioritise transparency, ethical standards, data protection, and equitable development outcomes, particularly in addressing digital and data inequalities between and within countries. The BRICS+ ministers have emphasised the importance of establishing inclusive and representative international governance for AI within the framework of the United Nations.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "description_zh": "Foreign Ministers from the BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new members as of 1 January 2025, including Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) have issued a declaration following a meeting in Rio de Janeiro, which includes commitments on AI to prioritise transparency, ethical standards, data protection, and equitable development outcomes, particularly in addressing digital and data inequalities between and within countries. The BRICS+ ministers have emphasised the importance of establishing inclusive and representative international governance for AI within the framework of the United Nations.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Brazil and Chile expand strategic partnership on AI", "url": "https://www.gov.br/planalto/en/latest-news/2025/04/lula-boric-sign-13-agreements-expand-brazil-chile-strategic-partnership", "description": "One of the main issues discussed by Presidents Lula and Boric was regional infrastructure, particularly the South American Integration Routes, with a special focus on the Capricorn Bioceanic Route. This corridor will connect ports in São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina with the Chilean ports of Iquique, Mejillones, and Antofagasta - Credit: Ricardo Stuckert/Secom-PR", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil and Chile expand strategic partnership on AI", "description_zh": "Brazil and Chile have agreed to strengthen cooperation in AI, with plans to develop a large language model tailored to South America’s cultural and linguistic characteristics. The partnership was announced following a meeting between the science and technology leaders of both countries, where discussions focused on ethical AI development, data security, and regional technological sovereignty. The collaboration will involve joint research initiatives and knowledge-sharing to bolster the region’s global standing in AI development.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Vilmar Martins dos Santos v. State of Parana", "url": "/documents/481/Vilmar_Martins_dos_Santos_v._State_of_Parana_Brazil_11_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Parana State. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense attributed a phrase to the pronúncia that the court states does not exist in that decision. Outcome: Appeal dismissed; lawyers warned.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Vilmar Martins dos Santos v. State of Parana", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Parana State. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense attributed a phrase to the pronúncia that the court states does not exist in that decision. Outcome: Appeal dismissed; lawyers warned.", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed; lawyers warned", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "Mazurek et al. v. Thomazoni", "url": "/documents/479/Mazurek_v._Thomazoni_Brazil_2_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Parana State. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR appeal decision; not found in Projudi; attributed to a retired judge who never sat on the 8th Chamber. Outcome: Referral to the bar; Monetary fine (1% of case value).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mazurek et al. v. Thomazoni", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Parana State. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR appeal decision; not found in Projudi; attributed to a retired judge who never sat on the 8th Chamber. Outcome: Referral to the bar; Monetary fine (1% of case value).", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to the bar; Monetary fine (1% of case value)", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "10 March 2025", "title": "ANPD president says ANPD must advance AI regulation before legal framework", "url": "https://valorinternational.globo.com/politics/news/2025/03/10/anpd-must-advance-ai-regulation-before-legal-framework-says-president.ghtml", "description": "The National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) plans to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) systems in Brazil before the approval of the legal framework for AI, which is currently under final discussion in the National Congress. In an interview with Valor, the agency’s president, Waldemar Gonçalves, confirmed this approach.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ANPD president says ANPD must advance AI regulation before legal framework", "description_zh": "President of Brazil's National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) The National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) Waldemar Gonçalves has reportedly stated at the the Mobile World Congress 2025 in Barcelona that the ANPD plans to regulate AI systems in Brazil before the approval of the legal framework for AI, which is currently under final discussion in the National Congress. President Gonçalves said that (1) the ANPD is not waiting for a specific AI legal framework to begin regulating AI as the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) already mandates addressing automated decision-making; (2) the ANPD has a clear targeted focus on the regulation of algorithms on social networks that target younger audiences; and (3) he had signed a memorandum of understanding with the Spanish agency to facilitate the exchange of information and regulatory practices.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Brazil invests in sustainable data centres for AI development", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/noticias/2025/02/pbia-preve-r-500-milhoes-para-data-centers-verdes-que-aliam-tecnologia-e-sustentabilidade", "description": "Primary source (gov.br) dated 21 February 2025 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Compute", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil invests in sustainable data centres for AI development", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) has announced plans to invest R$ 500 million in the Sustainability and Renewable Energies for AI Program as part of the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (PBIA). The Sustainable AI Infrastructure initiative will fund projects aimed at establishing green data centers in Brazil, addressing the significant energy consumption and environmental impact of traditional data centers.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.gov.br', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Unnamed Brazilian litigant", "url": "https://www.tjsc.jus.br/web/imprensa/-/tjsc-multa-autor-de-recurso-por-jurisprudencia-falsa-gerada-por-ia", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the . Outcome: Appeal partially granted (reintegration suspended, rent imposed), but litigant sanctioned for bad-faith litigation; 10% fine on the updated value of the case; copy of filing sent to OAB-SC for disciplinary review.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Unnamed Brazilian litigant", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the . Outcome: Appeal partially granted (reintegration suspended, rent imposed), but litigant sanctioned for bad-faith litigation; 10% fine on the updated value of the case; copy of filing sent to OAB-SC for disciplinary review.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Appeal partially granted (reintegration suspended, rent imposed), but litigant sanctioned for bad-faith litigation; 10% fine on the updated value of the case; copy of filing sent to OAB-SC for disciplinary review", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "description_zh": "60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the AI Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including \"ensuring AI is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all\" and \"making AI sustainable for people and the planet\". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "description_zh": "60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the AI Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including \"ensuring AI is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all\" and \"making AI sustainable for people and the planet\". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Brazilian government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-cnil-reforcam-cooperacao-internacional-em-materia-de-protecao-de-dados-e-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Official source record dated 10 February 2025 for Brazil concerning ANPD and CNIL strengthen bilateral cooperation on AI and data protection. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD and CNIL strengthen bilateral cooperation on AI and data protection", "description_zh": "The Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) and France’s National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) have declared a strengthened bilateral cooperation to enhance regulatory practices in data protection and AI during the AI Action Summit in Paris. Topics discussed include regulatory sandboxes, AI governance, and cross-border data flow negotiations between Brazil, the EU, and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 December 2024", "title": "Brazil Senate approves AI bill, proceeding to House", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233", "description": "Assunto: Economia e Desenvolvimento > Ciência, Tecnologia e Informática , Jurídico > Direito Civil > Responsabilidade Civil , Jurídico > Direitos e Garantias > Direitos Individuais e Coletivos", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil Senate approves AI bill, proceeding to House", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Senate has approved Bill No. 2338/23 to establish a national regulatory framework covering the development, use, and governance of AI systems in Brazil. Having passed in the Brazilian Senate, the current version of the Bill still requires further analysis in the House of Representatives and presidential assent before it can be signed into law and take effect.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "G20 Brazil Summit leads to Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Declaration", "url": "https://www.g20.org/en/documents/g20-rio-de-janeiro-leaders-declaration", "description": "Primary source (g20.org) dated 19 November 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20 Brazil Summit leads to Rio de Janeiro Leaders’ Declaration", "description_zh": "At the conclusion of the 19th G20 Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, leaders of the G20 countries have adopted the \"Rio de Janeiro Declaration\" which, among other things, calls for strengthening of cooperation on the regulation of AI, taking into account the views of developing states - e.g. \"To unlock the full potential of AI, equitably share its benefits, and mitigate risks, we will work together to promote international cooperation and further discussions on international governance for AI, recognizing the need to incorporate the voices of developed and developing countries.\"", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/g20-parliamentarians-defend-artificial-intelligence-but-call-for-ethical-regulation.phtml", "description": "Argentina the only G20 nation not to sign up to statement calling for "transparent" and "ethical" regulation of Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "description_zh": "It has been reported that G20 countries, except Argentina, have signed a declaration at the 10th Summit of Presidents of the G20 Parliaments in Brazil that defends AI as a means to \"promote sustainable development\" provided that it is regulated to be \"transparent, inclusive, ethical, responsible, reliable and centred on the human being\". The declaration has yet to be released to the public, but will be delivered at the G20 Summit on 18-19 November 2024.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/latin-america/g20-parliamentarians-defend-artificial-intelligence-but-call-for-ethical-regulation.phtml", "description": "Argentina the only G20 nation not to sign up to statement calling for "transparent" and "ethical" regulation of Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20 countries reportedly sign declaration on AI", "description_zh": "It has been reported that G20 countries, except Argentina, have signed a declaration at the 10th Summit of Presidents of the G20 Parliaments in Brazil that defends AI as a means to \"promote sustainable development\" provided that it is regulated to be \"transparent, inclusive, ethical, responsible, reliable and centred on the human being\". The declaration has yet to be released to the public, but will be delivered at the G20 Summit on 18-19 November 2024.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "ANPD opens public consultation on AI", "url": "https://www.gov.br/participamaisbrasil/tomada-de-subsidios-inteligencia-artificial-e-revisao-de-decisoes-automatizadas", "description": "Informamos que o Participa +Brasil foi ENCERRADO! Pedimos, por gentileza, que entrem em contato pelo e-mail participacaodigital@presidencia.gov.br para inserção de conteúdo já na nova plataforma: Brasil Participativo.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD opens public consultation on AI", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) has launched a public consultation on AI to gather contributions that will support the development of guidelines and regulations regarding the use of AI and the protection of personal data in Brazil. This initiative aligns with the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD), in which Article 20 grants data subjects the right to request a review of automated decisions that affect their interests. It also adheres to the ANPD's Regulatory Agenda for the 2023-2024 biennium, which includes a project to regulate AI within the context of data protection. The consultation is structured around 15 questions organized into four main pillars: (1) data subject rights; (2) LGPD principles; (3) legal basis; and (4) best practices and governance. Consultation closes on 5 December 2024.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Latin American delegates visit AI expertise centres in Europe, kickstarting AI regulation dialogue between EU and Latin America", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/chile/delegation-latin-american-public-institutions-visit-ai-expertise-centres-europe_en?s=192", "description": "From October 14 to 18, representatives from public institutions in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay visited AI agencies in Spain and Slovenia in a study trip funded by the TAIEX Instrument. The visit is part of the EU-LAC Digital Alliancewhich fosters cooperation between the EU and Latin America-Caribbean a more human-centric digital transformation. The delegation from Latin America (LA) visited key AI institutions in Barcelona, Madrid, Ljubljana and Maribor with a focus on algorithmic transparency, research and innovation, and the role of supercomputers in advancing AI technologies. Among the insti", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Latin American delegates visit AI expertise centres in Europe, kickstarting AI regulation dialogue between EU and Latin America", "description_zh": "From 14 to 18 October 2024, representatives from public institutions in Brazil, Chile and Uruguay visited AI agencies in Spain and Slovenia as part of the EU-Latin American and Caribbean (EU-LAC) Alliance to share insights and best practices on establishing AI-related institutions and regulatory policies. This visit will contribute to the upcoming EU-LAC Digital Alliance Policy Dialogue on AI, taking place in November 2024 in Santiago de Chile back-to-back with the eLAC Ministerial Conference, enhancing collaboration between the EU and LAC in key areas of AI. Further outcomes (including any regulatory insights) arising from this visit have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "G20 nations at Brazil launch São Luís Declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.t20brasil.org/en/news/82/sao-luis-declaration-a-joint-statement-from-engagement-groups-to-the-g20-states-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On Tuesday, September 10, the G20 engagement groups C20, L20, T20, and W20 celebrated the launch of their joint statement, the São Luís Declaration: Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G20 nations at Brazil launch São Luís Declaration on AI", "description_zh": "At the G20 Brazil 2024 summit, engagement groups of G20 states have launched a joint statement, called the \"São Luís Declaration: Artificial Intelligence\". The Declaration aims to bring together responsible and effective strategies for AI within the G20 structure.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "Brazil data protection authority approves Meta's compliance plan", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/meta-cumpre-exigencias-da-anpd-e-podera-retomar-com-restricoes-o-uso-de-dados-pessoais-para-treinamento-de-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Plano de conformidade aprovado pela ANPD determina que a empresa não realizará tratamento de dados de contas de crianças e adolescentes e implementará medidas que ampliam a transparência e simplificam a opção de negar o uso de dados pessoais", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil data protection authority approves Meta's compliance plan", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) has suspended its ban imposed on Meta to use personal data to train its AI after approving Meta's compliance plan, which contains several measures that must be implemented by the company, such as (1) to not process data from children accounts, (2) to increase transparency, and (3) to simplify the opt out process to the processing of personal data for AI training purposes.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "Brazil data protection authority approves Meta's compliance plan", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/meta-cumpre-exigencias-da-anpd-e-podera-retomar-com-restricoes-o-uso-de-dados-pessoais-para-treinamento-de-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Plano de conformidade aprovado pela ANPD determina que a empresa não realizará tratamento de dados de contas de crianças e adolescentes e implementará medidas que ampliam a transparência e simplificam a opção de negar o uso de dados pessoais", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil data protection authority approves Meta's compliance plan", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD) has suspended its ban imposed on Meta to use personal data to train its AI after approving Meta's compliance plan, which contains several measures that must be implemented by the company, such as (1) to not process data from children accounts, (2) to increase transparency, and (3) to simplify the opt out process to the processing of personal data for AI training purposes.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in BR. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "description_zh": "Representatives of 17 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Suriname and Uruguay) have signed the Cartagena Declaration on AI governance. The declaration includes (1) adherence to UNESCO's ethics recommendations from the AI for Good Global Summit, (2) alignment with existing soft law instruments like the OECD's AI recommendations, and (3) continuation of similar AI initiatives previously signed in Montevideo and Santiago. The text of the declaration has yet to be publicly revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in BR. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "description_zh": "Representatives of 17 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Suriname and Uruguay) have signed the Cartagena Declaration on AI governance. The declaration includes (1) adherence to UNESCO's ethics recommendations from the AI for Good Global Summit, (2) alignment with existing soft law instruments like the OECD's AI recommendations, and (3) continuation of similar AI initiatives previously signed in Montevideo and Santiago. The text of the declaration has yet to be publicly revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "Brazil publishes AI plan", "url": "https://www.gov.br/lncc/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/ultimas-noticias-1/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-pbia-2024-2028", "description": "O Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial (PBIA) 2024-2028, lançado durante a 5ª Conferência Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, representa um marco histórico para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do Brasil. Com um investimento previsto de R$ 23 bilhões em quatro anos, o plano ambicioso visa transformar o país em referência mundial em inovação e eficiência no uso da inteligência artificial, especialmente no setor público.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil publishes AI plan", "description_zh": "The Brazil Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations has published the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Plan (PBIA) 2024-2028 during the 5th National Conference on Science, Technology, and Innovation. Among other things, the plan notably calls for (1) a planned investment of R$23 billion in AI (especially in the public sector) over four years; and (2) creation of the National Center for Algorithmic Transparency and Trustworthy AI to ensure the transparency, security, and trustworthiness of AI systems in Brazil (including publication of guides on AI).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 July 2024", "title": "Brazil introduces bill to prohibit use of children images in AI training", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2448043", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated 9 July 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil introduces bill to prohibit use of children images in AI training", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Parliament introduced a bill (Bill 2807/2024) prohibiting use of children's images in AI systems without explicit consent from parents or legal guardians. Penalties for non-compliance, include fines, suspension of data processing activities, and a potential ban on processing children's data.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "Brazil's National Consumer Secretariat starts investigation into Meta's use of personal data for AI training", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacom-questiona-meta-sobre-uso-de-dados-de-brasileiros-para-treinar-a-ia", "description": "Brasília, 02/07/2024 - A Secretaria Nacional do Consumidor (Senacon), do Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública (MJSP), notificou, nesta terça-feira (2), a empresa Meta para que ela explique o uso de dados pessoais de brasileiros para treinar sua inteligência artificial (IA), alterando, desta forma, sua própria Política de Privacidade. A Meta é dona de redes sociais como o Instagram, Facebook e Whats App.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil's National Consumer Secretariat starts investigation into Meta's use of personal data for AI training", "description_zh": "The National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) has issued a request for information to Meta regarding its use of personal data for training AI, asserting that the relationship between Meta and its users falls under consumer protection regulations, specifically governed by the Consumer Protection Code (CDC) and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil. Senacon raised concerns about the legality of Meta's actions, particularly questioning the justification of using legitimate interest for data processing, the absence of a specific purpose, practices that may manipulate consumers and hinder the exercise of their rights, and insufficient provision of information.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "Brazil's National Consumer Secretariat starts investigation into Meta's use of personal data for AI training", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mj/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/senacom-questiona-meta-sobre-uso-de-dados-de-brasileiros-para-treinar-a-ia", "description": "Brasília, 02/07/2024 - A Secretaria Nacional do Consumidor (Senacon), do Ministério da Justiça e Segurança Pública (MJSP), notificou, nesta terça-feira (2), a empresa Meta para que ela explique o uso de dados pessoais de brasileiros para treinar sua inteligência artificial (IA), alterando, desta forma, sua própria Política de Privacidade. A Meta é dona de redes sociais como o Instagram, Facebook e Whats App.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil's National Consumer Secretariat starts investigation into Meta's use of personal data for AI training", "description_zh": "The National Consumer Secretariat (Senacon) has issued a request for information to Meta regarding its use of personal data for training AI, asserting that the relationship between Meta and its users falls under consumer protection regulations, specifically governed by the Consumer Protection Code (CDC) and the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazil. Senacon raised concerns about the legality of Meta's actions, particularly questioning the justification of using legitimate interest for data processing, the absence of a specific purpose, practices that may manipulate consumers and hinder the exercise of their rights, and insufficient provision of information.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Brazil data protection authority suspends Meta's AI privacy policy", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/despacho-decisorio-n-20/2024/pr/anpd-569297245", "description": "Primary source (in.gov.br) dated 2 July 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil data protection authority suspends Meta's AI privacy policy", "description_zh": "Brazil's Data Protection Authority has published Decision No. 20/2024/PR/ANPD which orders Meta to suspend its new privacy policy of using Instagram and Facebook posts to train its AI software. Meta will be fined BRL 50,000 for each day it fails to comply with the order.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', RemoteDisconnected('Remote end closed connection without response'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "Brazil President calls for global AI regulations at G7 summit in Italy", "url": "https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/06/14/lula-calls-for-global-ai-regulations-g7-summit/", "description": "Primary source (brazilian.report) dated 14 June 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil President calls for global AI regulations at G7 summit in Italy", "description_zh": "President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has called for international governance of artificial intelligence at the G7 summit in Italy. President Luiz emphasized the need for an AI regulatory framework that includes all states, reflects the Global South, strengthens cultural and linguistic diversity, and develops the digital economy. While Brazil is not a G7 member, Italy (host) invited leaders from non-G7 countries to participate in this year's summit, including Brazil, Algeria, Kenya, Tunisia, Turkey and Ukraine.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "Brazil President calls for global AI regulations at G7 summit in Italy", "url": "https://brazilian.report/liveblog/politics-insider/2024/06/14/lula-calls-for-global-ai-regulations-g7-summit/", "description": "Primary source (brazilian.report) dated 14 June 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil President calls for global AI regulations at G7 summit in Italy", "description_zh": "President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has called for international governance of artificial intelligence at the G7 summit in Italy. President Luiz emphasized the need for an AI regulatory framework that includes all states, reflects the Global South, strengthens cultural and linguistic diversity, and develops the digital economy. While Brazil is not a G7 member, Italy (host) invited leaders from non-G7 countries to participate in this year's summit, including Brazil, Algeria, Kenya, Tunisia, Turkey and Ukraine.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 June 2024", "title": "Brazilian official gazette source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/web/dou/-/portaria-mcti-n-8.251-de-7-de-junho-de-2024-564564123", "description": "Official source record dated 10 June 2024 for Brazil concerning Brazil establishes AI working group. See the linked in.gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil establishes AI working group", "description_zh": "The Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) has issued Ordinance MCTI No. 8,251 which will establish the Operational Support Working Group. The group is tasked with advising and assisting in the formulation of a plan to promote sustainable and ethical development of AI in Brazil (the Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan), which will be presented to the National Council of Science and Technology. The Working Group, comprising key members from the Ministry and advisors, will operate until 29 July 2024.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', RemoteDisconnected('Remote end closed connection without response'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 May 2024", "title": "Brazil’s AI regulation gets first draft to guide upcoming debates", "url": "https://brazilian.report/tech/2024/05/03/ai-regulation-first-draft-debates/", "description": "Primary source (brazilian.report) dated 4 May 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil’s AI regulation gets first draft to guide upcoming debates", "description_zh": "A preliminary report on AI regulations was presented to Brazil’s Senate, offering a middle-of-the-road solution between two previous bills on the topic (Bill 21/2020 and Bill 2338/2023). Senators have until 9 May to suggest amendments to the proposal.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "Brazil deciding between Anatel or ANPD to regulate AI", "url": "https://bnnbreaking.com/politics/brazil-on-verge-of-ai-regulation-anatel-or-anpd-to-govern-future-developments", "description": "Primary source (bnnbreaking.com) dated 6 March 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil deciding between Anatel or ANPD to regulate AI", "description_zh": "Brazil stands at a crucial crossroads in AI regulation, choosing between the National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) and the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) to regulate AI in Brazil. The chosen entity will set the standards for AI development, balancing the need for technological advancement with the imperative of safeguarding public interest.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 500", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "Brazil deciding between Anatel or ANPD to regulate AI", "url": "https://bnnbreaking.com/politics/brazil-on-verge-of-ai-regulation-anatel-or-anpd-to-govern-future-developments", "description": "Primary source (bnnbreaking.com) dated 6 March 2024 in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil deciding between Anatel or ANPD to regulate AI", "description_zh": "Brazil stands at a crucial crossroads in AI regulation, choosing between the National Telecommunications Agency (Anatel) and the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) to regulate AI in Brazil. The chosen entity will set the standards for AI development, balancing the need for technological advancement with the imperative of safeguarding public interest.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 500", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 March 2024", "title": "Brazil defines rules for AI in elections", "url": "https://brazilreports.com/brazil-defines-rules-for-ai-in-elections-candidates-could-lose-mandate-if-they-use-tools-to-spread-fake-new/5874/", "description": "São Paulo, Brazil – Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court approved a new set of rules for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in elections. Among the measures are the complete ban on deep fakes and the mandatory warning of the use of AI in all content shared by candidates and their campaigns.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil defines rules for AI in elections", "description_zh": "The Superior Electoral Court in Brazil has approved new rules for the use of AI in elections (ahead of the upcoming local elections in October 2024). The rules involve prohibiting all types of deep fakes; the obligation to warn about the use of AI in electoral propaganda, even if it is in neutral videos and photos; and the restriction of the use of robots to mediate contact with voters (the campaign cannot simulate dialogue with the candidate or any other person, for example).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2024", "title": "Brazil defines rules for AI in elections", "url": "https://brazilreports.com/brazil-defines-rules-for-ai-in-elections-candidates-could-lose-mandate-if-they-use-tools-to-spread-fake-new/5874/", "description": "São Paulo, Brazil – Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court approved a new set of rules for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in elections. Among the measures are the complete ban on deep fakes and the mandatory warning of the use of AI in all content shared by candidates and their campaigns.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil defines rules for AI in elections", "description_zh": "The Superior Electoral Court in Brazil has approved new rules for the use of AI in elections (ahead of the upcoming local elections in October 2024). The rules involve prohibiting all types of deep fakes; the obligation to warn about the use of AI in electoral propaganda, even if it is in neutral videos and photos; and the restriction of the use of robots to mediate contact with voters (the campaign cannot simulate dialogue with the candidate or any other person, for example).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "Brazilian Lawmaker introduces bill to allow AI as inventor", "url": "https://infoleg-autenticidade-assinatura.camara.leg.br/CD246385998800?fbclid=IwAR3OsuTT3wNCk4blHRGCknEtVKWIVSFhVZOxqDanlwLGogAbO0wJOVDHJJ4", "description": "Primary source (infoleg-autenticidade-assinatura.camara.leg.br): Autenticidade das Assinaturas.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazilian Lawmaker introduces bill to allow AI as inventor", "description_zh": "A Brazilian congress member (Antônio Luiz Rodrigues Mano Júnior) introduced a bill to amend the national IP Statute (Law #9,279/96) and regulate the ownership of inventions generated by AI systems. The bill proposes to, among other things, explicitly allow patent protection of AI-generated inventions by statute.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Brazil's Electoral Court proposes draft rules on use of AI in elections", "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2023/Dezembro/audiencias-publicas-sobre-as-eleicoes-2024-sugestoes-podem-ser-enviadas-a-partir-de-4-de-janeiro", "description": "Propostas serão debatidas em audiências públicas no período de 23 a 25 de janeiro", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil's Electoral Court proposes draft rules on use of AI in elections", "description_zh": "Brazi's Superior Electoral Court has published a draft resolution proposing new rules for the use of AI in electoral campaigns. The draft rules allow use of AI in campaign ads, as long as the candidates are transparent about it. The rules will be discussed in public hearings scheduled for 23-25 January 2024.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Brazil's Electoral Court proposes draft rules on use of AI in elections", "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2023/Dezembro/audiencias-publicas-sobre-as-eleicoes-2024-sugestoes-podem-ser-enviadas-a-partir-de-4-de-janeiro", "description": "Propostas serão debatidas em audiências públicas no período de 23 a 25 de janeiro", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil's Electoral Court proposes draft rules on use of AI in elections", "description_zh": "Brazi's Superior Electoral Court has published a draft resolution proposing new rules for the use of AI in electoral campaigns. The draft rules allow use of AI in campaign ads, as long as the candidates are transparent about it. The rules will be discussed in public hearings scheduled for 23-25 January 2024.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 October 2023", "title": "Technical note on Bill No. 2338", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-publica-segunda-analise-do-projeto-de-lei-sobre-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Autoridade elenca contribuições legislativas concretas ao Projeto de Lei nº 2338/2023 e propõe modelo institucional de regulação com quatro instâncias complementares", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Technical note on Bill No. 2338", "description_zh": "The Brazilian data protection authority (ANPD) published its technical note No. 16 analysing Bill No. 2338 of 2023. Among other things, the document makes concrete contributions to changes to the bill as well as proposes a new institutional model for regulating AI systems organised into four complementary bodies, with the National Authority being the central regulatory body for the topic.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 September 2023", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Commmision approves work plan", "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2023/09/12/comissao-da-inteligencia-artificial-aprova-plano-de-trabalho", "description": "Em votação simbólica, a Comissão Temporária Interna sobre Inteligência Artificial no Brasil (CTIA) aprovou nesta terça-feira (12) seu plano de trabalho, que prevê uma série de audiências públicas. Durante aproximadamente 90 dias, o colegiado reunirá representantes da sociedade que discutirão temas como propriedade intelectual, impactos da inteligência artificial (IA) no serviço público, lacunas na legislação vigente e análise comparativa da regulação da IA em outros países.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Artificial Intelligence Commmision approves work plan", "description_zh": "Brazil Senate's Internal Temporary Commission on AI (CITA) voted in favor of a work plan to establish new guidelines. This will initiate a series of public hearings with AI experts, academics, executives, and the general public for 90 days on the best ways to regulate AI. Alongside the public consultation, the Commission is expected to analyze and produce a report of Senate Bill No. 2338 within 120 days.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 May 2023", "title": "Senate considers Bill No. 2338/2023", "url": "https://www.dataguidance.com/news/brazil-senate-considers-bill-regulating-ai", "description": "Essential Privacy and Regulatory Research at Your Fingertips. Find everything you need to stay up-to-date on evolving privacy & security regulations around the world", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Senate considers Bill No. 2338/2023", "description_zh": "On 12 May 2023, Bill No. 2338/2023 has been moved to the Senate for consideration. Subsequently, it will be examined by the Chamber of Deputies (reviewing house) and, finally, after the legislative procedures, it will be forwarded to presidential sanction.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 April 2023", "title": "Nº 0600814-85.2022.6.00.0000", "url": "/documents/1044/0600814_Brazil_18_April_2023.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Petitioner submitted a 'fábula' produced in collaboration with ChatGPT as the substance of an amicus curiae filing; Court found it inappropriate, removed it from the record and treated the submission as evidence of bad-faith litigation. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nº 0600814-85.2022.6.00.0000", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Petitioner submitted a 'fábula' produced in collaboration with ChatGPT as the substance of an amicus curiae filing; Court found it inappropriate, removed it from the record and treated the submission as evidence of bad-faith litigation. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "Tribunal Superior Eleitoral", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2604 BRL", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 December 2022", "title": "Commission of jurists present 900 page report to the Senate", "url": "https://legis.senado.leg.br/comissoes/mnas?codcol=2504&tp=4", "description": "Matérias não autônomas - Relatórios da CJSUBIA - Comissão de Juristas responsável por subsidiar elaboração de substitutivo sobre inteligência artificial no Brasil", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Commission of jurists present 900 page report to the Senate", "description_zh": "A Commission of Jurists responsible for providing input for the drafting of a substitute bill on AI submitted a dense and length 900 page report to the President of the Senate. The report was the result of debates among experts in the commission, as well as public hearings and multi-sector contributions. It included a draft of a substitute bill for previously proposed laws, making substantial progress in promoting rights without stifling innovation. This report would lead to the creation of Bill No. 2338/2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024-2028", "url": "https://www.gov.br/lncc/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/ultimas-noticias-1/plano-brasileiro-de-inteligencia-artificial-pbia-2024-2028", "description": "O Plano Brasileiro de Inteligência Artificial (PBIA) 2024-2028, lançado durante a 5ª Conferência Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, representa um marco histórico para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do Brasil. Com um investimento previsto de R$ 23 bilhões em quatro anos, o plano ambicioso visa transformar o país em referência mundial em inovação e eficiência no uso da inteligência artificial, especialmente no setor público.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Artificial Intelligence Plan 2024-2028:", "description_zh": "National AI plan published by the Brazil Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations. Among other things, the plan notably calls for (1) a planned investment of R$23 billion in AI (especially in the public sector) over four years; and (2) creation of the National Center for Algorithmic Transparency and Trustworthy AI to ensure the transparency, security, and trustworthiness of AI systems in Brazil (including publication of guides on AI).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "The Law establishing the National System for the Development, Regulation, and Governance of Artificial Intelligence (PL 6237/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra?codteor=3063060&filename=PL%206237/2025", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "The Law establishing the National System for the Development, Regulation, and Governance of Artificial Intelligence (PL 6237/2025):", "description_zh": "The Law would establish a regulatory framework for AI called the National System for the Development, Regulation, and Governance of AI (SIA), composed of a newly established Brazilian Council for Artificial Intelligence (CBIA), the Brazilian Data Protection Authority (ANPD), two newly established committees composed of experts and civil society representatives, and other related public bodies. The CBIA would be responsible for establishing guidelines and principles for AI in relation to economic development, digital sovereignty, and social inclusion, advising the President of the Republic on AI policy development, and coordinating with other authorities on sectoral issues. The ANPD would become the residual regulator and supervising authority for AI, with the power to issue binding rules, including regarding incident reporting and algorithmic impact assessments, request clarification on data used to train high-risk AI in the public sector, and publish a list of high-risk AI use cases. Further, the Law would require the ANPD and sectoral agencies to define new categories for high-risk AI, based on criteria such as impact on fundamental rights, vulnerable groups, risk of systemic cybersecurity harm, and impact on the development of children and adolescents. The statement of reasons notes that Congress is already examining Bill 2338/2023, and the Executive must be prepared to implement whichever regulatory model is adopted. The Law therefore organises Brazil’s AI governance by assigning responsibilities to the CBIA, ANPD, expert and civil-society committees, and sectoral regulators to support coordinated oversight.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Bill amending Copyright Law to prohibit unauthorised use of realistic digital imitations generated by Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 5005/2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2568007", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill amending Copyright Law to prohibit unauthorised use of realistic digital imitations generated by Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 5005/2025):", "description_zh": "The Bill applies to digital content creation, social media platforms, streaming services, AI-generated media, and other online platforms that host or distribute audio-visual or performative content. It prohibits public dissemination of realistic digital imitations without express consent. It defines realistic digital imitation as audio-visual, sound, or hybrid content capable of misleading the public. Exceptions are provided for caricature, parody, satire, criticism, journalism, scientific research, artistic uses, and public interest. Violations trigger civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions, including content removal, compensation for material and moral damages, and fines up to BRL 50,000 per content item.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "title": "Bill No. 872/2021", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/147434", "description": "Explicação da Ementa: Dispõe sobre os marcos éticos e as diretrizes que fundamentam o desenvolvimento e o uso da Inteligência Artificial no Brasil.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 872/2021:", "description_zh": "This bill outlines guidelines for the development and use of AI in Brazil. The bill was sponsored by both Senators but now replaced by Bill No. 2338/2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Bill 2807/2024", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/fichadetramitacao?idProposicao=2448043", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated DRAFT in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill 2807/2024", "description_zh": "A bill to prohibit use of children's images in AI systems without explicit consent from parents or legal guardians. Penalties for non-compliance, include fines, suspension of data processing activities, and a potential ban on processing children's data.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Bill No. 1465/2024", "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/propostas-legislativas/2430325", "description": "Primary source (camara.leg.br) dated DRAFT in BR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 1465/2024", "description_zh": "A Bill on Artificial Intelligence (PL 1465/2024) was introduced to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies. The Act outlines several rights for individuals that are directly or indirectly affected by AI systems, including the right to information, the right to explanation, the right to contestation, the right to human determination and participation, and the principle of non-discrimination and bias correction. The bill also sets out pre-contractual information rights, such as automated decision-making disclosure, requiring informing data subjects about the automated nature of decisions in processes or products that affect them.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "title": "Bill No. 2338/2023", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/157233", "description": "Assunto: Economia e Desenvolvimento > Ciência, Tecnologia e Informática , Jurídico > Direito Civil > Responsabilidade Civil , Jurídico > Direitos e Garantias > Direitos Individuais e Coletivos", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 2338/2023:", "description_zh": "In April 2023, this bill was proposed to replace the previous bills. The bill proposes to (1) establish national ethical norms for responsible use of AI (i.e. human rights, democratic values, equality, non-discrimination, plurality, and respect for labour rights), (2) guarantee sevaral individuals rights and protections around AI (including an explanation of AI-assisted decisions, the ability to contest those decisions, and human participation in the decision-making process), (3) categorises AI systems into risk tiers, with 'excessive risk' systems being banned and 'high risk' systems being subject to preliminary assessment and transparency obligations, (4) requires AI agents to undertake algorithmic impact assessments, (5) introduces a protective system of civil liability for providers or operators of AI systems (in particular, the supplier or operator of a 'high risk' system will be held objectively liable for any resulting damages, and (6) establishes a new regulator to monitor and enforce this law.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Bill No. 872/2021", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/147434", "description": "Explicação da Ementa: Dispõe sobre os marcos éticos e as diretrizes que fundamentam o desenvolvimento e o uso da Inteligência Artificial no Brasil.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 872/2021:", "description_zh": "This bill outlines guidelines for the development and use of AI in Brazil. The bill was sponsored by both Senators but now replaced by Bill No. 2338/2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Bill No. 21/20", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/151547", "description": "Ementa: Estabelece fundamentos, princípios e diretrizes para o desenvolvimento e a aplicação da inteligência artificial no Brasil; e dá outras providências.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 21/20:", "description_zh": "This bill outlines guidelines for the development and use of AI in Brazil. The bill was approved by the Chamber of Deputies but now replaced by Bill No. 2338/2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Bill No. 5051/2019", "url": "https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/138790", "description": "Ementa: Estabelece os princípios para o uso da Inteligência Artificial no Brasil.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill No. 5051/2019:", "description_zh": "This bill establishes the principles for the use of AI in Brazil but now replaced by Bill No. 2338/2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Ezequiel Cunha de Moura e outro v. Wallace de Moura Silva", "url": "/documents/1896/tmp27A72A3FF7CF47228DB09028366FBA00Ass.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited an STJ acórdão by number (1654321) and reproduced a passage; court research showed no matching RJ acórdão and identified REsp 1.654.321/MG (and AREsp 1654321 of different origin), concluding the cited passage/acórdão does not exist as presented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ezequiel Cunha de Moura e outro v. Wallace de Moura Silva", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉书援引了STJ第1654321号判决并摘录了一段内容；经法院检索，未发现相符的RJ判决，并查明REsp 1.654.321/MG（以及不同来源的AREsp 1654321），认定所援引的段落/判决并不存在。", "court": "TJ-RJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-25", "title": "Silva Cordeiro v. Municipio de Santana do Parnaiba", "url": "/documents/653/Silva_Cordeiro_v._Municipio_de_Santana_do_Parnaiba.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Quote attributed to STF RE 378.041; court found the phrase absent and no mention of Lei 8.437/92 in that judgment. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quote attributed to STJ REsp 1.200.000/SP; court found that case is a monocratic decision about justiça gratuita and does not contain the quoted passage; even the suggested RMS 35.905/MG lacks such foundation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quote attributed to ADI 4.296/DF about 'inversão hierárqurica'; court found the ADI addressed Lei 12.016/09 and the quoted passage is not in the ruling.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Silva Cordeiro v. Municipio de Santana do Parnaiba", "description_zh": "虚假引述：案例法 | 辩护方将一句话归于STF RE 378.041；法院发现该短语并不存在，且该判决未提及Lei 8.437/92。 || 虚假引述：案例法 | 引述归于STJ REsp 1.200.000/SP；法院发现该案系关于免费司法的独任裁判，并不包含所引述的段落；即便所提及的RMS 35.905/MG亦缺乏该依据。 || 虚假引述：案例法 | 引述归于ADI 4.296/DF，涉及“层级倒置”；法院发现该ADI系针对Lei 12.016/09，所引述段落不在判决中。", "court": "São Paulo State Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction equivalent to one month of minimum wage", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "ATSum 0010525-47.2025.5.03.0037", "url": "/documents/564/28a8e98659526f2c66a0b6e2715ccc13.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Initial petition cited non-existent judicial precedents to support the claim; the defense flagged the fabrications and the court recognized them as such and as bad-faith conduct. || Fabricated: Case Law | Filing used names of TRT-3 desembargadores to simulate jurisprudence that does not exist, attempting to influence the court; the judge noted such 'jurisprudence' was easily verifiable as nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation of randomly created 'súmulas'; the court stated they were nonexistent, unnecessary, and easily checked on the TRT-3 website.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ATSum 0010525-47.2025.5.03.0037", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉状援引了不存在的司法先例以支持主张；辩护方指出系伪造，法院予以认定并视为恶意诉讼行为。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉书使用TRT-3 desembargadores的姓名以模拟不存在的判例，试图影响法院；法官指出该“判例”可轻易核实为不存在。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 引述了随意编造的“súmulas”；法院指出其不存在、无必要且可在TRT-3网站上轻易核查。", "court": "Regional Labour Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "title": "Rodney Chagas v. Fabricio Petinelli Vieira Coutinho", "url": "/documents/480/Rodney_Chagas_v._Fabricio_Petinelli_Vieira_Coutinho_Brazil_9_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited jurisprudences that could not be located and were deemed nonexistent, suspected as AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant referenced a real STJ REsp number but misattributed it to a thesis perfectly aligned with the case; court found the cited REsp dealt with a completely different matter.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rodney Chagas v. Fabricio Petinelli Vieira Coutinho", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 上诉人援引了无法查找到并被认定为不存在的判例，疑似由人工智能生成。 || 歪曲判例：案例法 | 上诉人引用了一个真实的STJ REsp案号，但将其错误地归于一个与本案完全契合的论点；法院发现所引REsp涉及完全不同的事项。", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary fine (1% of case value)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Jamisson Roriz de Santana Andrade v. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho", "url": "/documents/334/Santana_Andrade_v._TST_Brazil_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited RE 328.111/DF as precedent allegedly violated; the Court stated it could not locate such decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited ARE 1.218.084 AgR as precedent allegedly violated; the Court stated it could not locate such decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited RE 464.867/SP as precedent allegedly violated; the Court stated it could not locate such decision. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Petitioner attributed to SV 6 a rule on penal acquittal barring administrative sanction; the Court said SV 6 actually concerns pay for initial military service. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner invoked RE 226.855/RS as supporting penal absolution’s binding effects; the Court clarified the case addressed FGTS monetary correction from economic plans, unrelated to the issue.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jamisson Roriz de Santana Andrade v. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 申诉人援引RE 328.111/DF作为据称被违反的先例；法院表示无法找到该判决。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 申诉人援引ARE 1.218.084 AgR作为据称被违反的先例；法院表示无法找到该判决。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 申诉人援引RE 464.867/SP作为据称被违反的先例；法院表示无法找到该判决。 || 虚假引述：法律规范 | 申诉人将SV 6解释为关于刑事无罪排除行政处罚的规则；法院指出SV 6实际涉及军人初期服役薪酬。 || 歪曲判例：案例法 | 申诉人援引RE 226.855/RS支持刑事赦免具有约束力；法院澄清该案涉及FGTS货币修正（经济计划），与所争议事项无关。", "court": "Supremo Tribunal Federal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied use of MobiOffice's AI Assistant", "outcome": "Case summarily dismissed; Counsel referred to the Bar Association; Claimant ordered to pay double the costs", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Reclamação (RCL) 78.890 / BA", "url": "/documents/758/8E03AC1BCB6B0B_downloadPeca2.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited ARE 1.218.084 AgR as a controlling precedent; the Court was unable to locate the decision invoked, treating it as a fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petition invoked RE 464.867/SP as a binding precedent; the relator states the decision mentioned was not located and the invocation is misleading/non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petition invoked RE 328.111/DF as precedent; the relator reports the decision could not be located as cited by the petitioner. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Petition attributed to Súmula Vinculante nº 6 the wording that penal acquittal for nonexistence of the fact prevents an administrative sanction; the Court found that the petition's quoted wording is false and provided the actual text of SV6, which concerns military remuneration. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petition mischaracterized RE 226.855/RS as supporting the claimed rule; the Court notes that RE 226.855/RS actually dealt with FGTS correction (Bresser/Verão/Collor plans), not the effects of penal acquittal asserted by the petitioner.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Reclamação (RCL) 78.890 / BA", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉书援引ARE 1.218.084 AgR作为控制性先例；法院无法找到所援引的判决，将其视为伪造引述。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉书援引RE 464.867/SP作为具有约束力的先例；报告法官表示未找到所述判决，该援引具有误导性/不存在。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 起诉书援引RE 328.111/DF作为先例；报告法官称无法按申诉人所述找到该判决。 || 歪曲规范：法律规范 | 起诉书将Súmula Vinculante nº 6的内容归结为刑事无罪排除行政处罚；法院发现起诉书所引措辞为虚假，并提供了SV6的实际文本，其涉及军人薪酬。 || 歪曲判例：案例法 | 起诉书错误地将RE 226.855/RS描述为支持所主张的规则；法院指出RE 226.855/RS实际涉及FGTS修正（Bresser/Verão/Collor计划），而非申诉人所主张的刑事无罪效果。", "court": "Supremo Tribunal Federal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "MobiOffice", "outcome": "Reclamação found manifestly unfounded; bad faith and monetary sanction (double court costs); OAB and OAB/BA to be notified", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Vilmar Martins dos Santos v. State of Parana", "url": "/documents/481/Vilmar_Martins_dos_Santos_v._State_of_Parana_Brazil_11_April_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense attributed a phrase to the pronúncia that the court states does not exist in that decision. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense inserted a conclusion as if from the pronúncia; the court confirms the phrase is not present. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR decision using an implausible process number pattern; court says the jurisprudence is AI-created. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR decision naming a non-existent desembargador in the country. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR decision listing João Pedro Gebran Neto as TJPR relator; court notes he belongs to TRF-4, not TJPR. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR decision with a relator name the court says does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR appeal citing a non-existent desembargador as relator. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented TJPR decision naming a judge who had retired long before the cited dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated STF habeas corpus; court states none of the STF citations listed are genuine. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated STJ habeas corpus; court states none of the STJ citations listed are genuine. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated STJ interlocutory agravo in special appeal; court found STJ citations not authentic. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated STF agravo de instrumento; court indicated STF citations were not genuine. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR decision again using implausible numbering pattern and a non-existent relator.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Vilmar Martins dos Santos v. State of Parana", "description_zh": "虚假引述： Exhibits & Submissions | 辩护方将一句话归于pronúncia，法院称该决定中不存在此句。 || 虚假引述： Exhibits & Submissions | 辩护方插入一个结论，仿佛来自pronúncia；法院确认该短语不存在。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR判决，使用不合常理的案号格式；法院称该判例系AI生成。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR判决，列明该国不存在的desembargador。 || 歪曲判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR判决，将João Pedro Gebran Neto列为TJPR报告法官；法院指出其属于TRF-4，而非TJPR。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR判决，使用法院称不存在的报告法官姓名。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR上诉，援引不存在的desembargador作为报告法官。 || 歪曲判例：案例法 | 歪曲TJPR判决，列明一名在所引日期之前早已退休的法官。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造STF人身保护令；法院称所列全部STF引述均非真实。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造STJ人身保护令；法院称所列全部STJ引述均非真实。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造STJ特别上诉中间抗告；法院发现STJ引述不真实。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造STF agravo de instrumento；法院指出STF引述非真实。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 再次伪造TJPR判决，使用不合常理的案号格式及不存在的报告法官。", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed; lawyers warned", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Mazurek et al. v. Thomazoni", "url": "/documents/479/Mazurek_v._Thomazoni_Brazil_2_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR appeal decision; not found in Projudi; attributed to a retired judge who never sat on the 8th Chamber. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR agravo de instrumento; not found in Projudi; numbering pattern incompatible; attributed to a judge retired since 30/01/2023 but allegedly judged in 2024. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated TJPR appeal decision; not found in Projudi; relator indicado pertence à 11ª Câmara desde 2010, não à 7ª Câmara informada.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mazurek et al. v. Thomazoni", "description_zh": "伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR上诉判决；在Projudi中未找到；归于一名从未在第8庭任职的退休法官。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR agravo de instrumento；在Projudi中未找到；案号格式不兼容；归于一名自2023年1月30日已退休但据称在2024年裁判的法官。 || 伪造判例：案例法 | 伪造TJPR上诉判决；在Projudi中未找到；所指报告法官自2010年起属于第11庭，而非所述第7庭。", "court": "Parana State", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to the bar; Monetary fine (1% of case value)", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2023-04-14", "title": "Nº 0600814-85.2022.6.00.0000", "url": "/documents/1044/0600814_Brazil_18_April_2023.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Petitioner submitted a 'fábula' produced in collaboration with ChatGPT as the substance of an amicus curiae filing; Court found it inappropriate, removed it from the record and treated the submission as evidence of bad-faith litigation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nº 0600814-85.2022.6.00.0000", "description_zh": "伪造 Exhibits & Submissions | 申诉人提交了一份与ChatGPT合作生成的“fábula”作为法庭之友陈述的实质内容；法院认定其不当，将其从案卷中移除，并将该提交视为恶意诉讼的证据。", "court": "Tribunal Superior Eleitoral", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2604 BRL", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Brazil published an AI Strategy, proposing to contribute to ethical AI principles, promote AI research and innovation, train AI professionals, share t", "url": "", "description": "Brazil published an AI Strategy, proposing to contribute to ethical AI principles, promote AI research and innovation, train AI professionals, share the country's AI in an international environment, and promote cooperation among the public and private sectors. Brazil also strives to encourage data sharing per its General Data Protection Law, the LGPD, create an AI observatory for measuring impact and disseminate opensource codes for identifying discriminatory trends. Brazil's Senate has approved Bill 2338/2023, a comprehensive AI bill that emphasizes human rights and creates a civil liability regime for AI developers. The Chamber of Deputies will review the bill next. The proposed AI bill would: · Prohibit certain \"excessive risk\" systems. · Establish a regulatory body to enforce the law. · Create civil liability for AI providers. · Require reporting obligations for significant security incidents. · Guarantee various individual rights, such as explanation, nondiscrimination, rectification of identified biases and due process mechanisms.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brazil published an AI Strategy, proposing to contribute to ethical AI principles, promote AI research and innovation, train AI professionals, share the country's AI in an international environment, and promote cooperation among the public and private sectors", "description_zh": "巴西发布了一项人工智能战略，拟为人工智能伦理原则作出贡献，促进人工智能研究与创新，培养人工智能专业人才，在国际环境中分享本国人工智能成果，并推动公私部门合作。巴西还力求依据其《通用数据保护法》（LGPD）鼓励数据共享，创建人工智能影响观测站，并发布用于识别歧视性趋势的开源代码。巴西参议院已批准第2338/2023号法案，这是一项综合性人工智能法案，强调人权并创设人工智能开发者的民事责任制度。众议院接下来将审议该法案。该拟议人工智能法案将：·禁止某些“过度风险”系统；·设立执法监管机构；·创设人工智能提供者的民事责任；·要求对重大安全事件进行报告；·保障各项个人权利，如解释权、非歧视权、已识别偏见的纠正权以及正当程序机制。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 July 2025", "title": "BRICS leaders signed Declaration on Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance including measures concerning governance of AI", "url": "https://brics.br/en/news/brics-summit-signs-historic-commitment-in-rio-for-more-inclusive-and-sustainable-governance", "description": "On 6 July 2025, the BRICS Member States Representatives adopted the Joint Declaration on Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance, including measures concerning governance of artificial intelligence (AI) following the 17th Summit. The declaration recognises AI as an opportunity for advancing global development, and the representatives stressed the importance of establishing governance frameworks that address associated risks and reflect the needs of ", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS leaders signed Declaration on Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance including measures concerning governance of AI", "description_zh": "2025年7月6日，金砖国家成员国代表通过了《关于加强全球南方合作以实现更具包容性和可持续治理的联合宣言》，其中包括在第17次峰会后关于人工智能（AI）治理的措施。该宣言承认人工智能是推动全球发展的机遇，各代表强调有必要建立应对相关风险并反映全球南方需求的治理框架。" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Federal Public Prosecutor's Office issued a formal recommendation to OpenAI to include a special notice concerning personal data insecurity on ChatGPT", "url": "https://www.mpf.mp.br/mg/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-mg/mpf-recomenda-que-openai-exponha-avisos-sobre-informacao-de-determinados-dados-pessoais-no-chatgpt", "description": "On 14 May 2025, the Brazilian Federal Public Prosecutor's office (MPF) issued a formal recommendation to OpenAI regarding potential violations of data subject rights under the General Law on the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD). The MPF recommended that OpenAI include a specific notice to ChatGPT to explicitly warn users when a response contains information generated by the model rather than from a verified source. The MPF argues that ChatGPT's current disclaimers are too generic to protect da", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Federal Public Prosecutor's Office issued a formal recommendation to OpenAI to include a special notice concerning personal data insecurity on ChatGPT", "description_zh": "2025年5月14日，巴西联邦公共检察官办公室（MPF）就OpenAI涉嫌违反《通用个人数据保护法》（LGPD）项下数据主体权利的行为发出正式建议。MPF建议OpenAI在ChatGPT中加入特定提示，明确警告用户当回复包含模型生成而非经核实的来源信息时予以注意。MPF认为，ChatGPT当前的免责声明过于笼统，不足以保护数据主体权利。" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Brazilian official gazette source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-citdigital-n-2-de-8-de-maio-de-2025-628599624", "description": "Official source record dated 12 May 2025 for Brazil concerning Resolution establishing Working Group for management of Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (CITDigital Resolution No. 2/2025) enters into force. See the linked in.gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Resolution establishing Working Group for management of Brazilian Artificial Intelligence Plan (CITDigital Resolution No. 2/2025) enters into force", "description_zh": "2025年5月12日，第2/2025号决议生效，该决议设立了一个工作组，旨在运作管理巴西人工智能计划（PBIA）。该工作组负责监测PBIA的执行情况并向执行委员会提出调整建议，将其工作组织为年度计划，按要求提供其活动及PBIA监测信息，并向执行委员会提交PBIA年度执行监测报告。" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS Foreign Ministers signed declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "On 29 April 2025, Foreign Ministers from the BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new members as of 1 January 2025, including Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) issued a declaration following a meeting in Rio de Janeiro, which includes commitments on artificial intelligence (AI). The Ministers emphasised the importance of establishing inclusive and representative international governance for AI within the framework of the Un", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS Foreign Ministers signed declaration on AI governance", "description_zh": "2025年4月29日，金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非以及自2025年1月1日起的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）外长在里约热内卢会晤后发表了一项宣言，其中包括关于人工智能的承诺。部长们强调在联合国框架内建立具有包容性和代表性的国际人工智能治理的重要性。" }, { "title": "Ezequiel Cunha de Moura e outro v. Wallace de Moura Silva", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1896/tmp27A72A3FF7CF47228DB09028366FBA00Ass.pdf", "date": "30 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Silva Cordeiro v. Municipio de Santana do Parnaiba", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/653/Silva_Cordeiro_v._Municipio_de_Santana_do_Parnaiba.pdf", "date": "25 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "ATSum 0010525-47.2025.5.03.0037", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/564/28a8e98659526f2c66a0b6e2715ccc13.pdf", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rodney Chagas v. Fabricio Petinelli Vieira Coutinho", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/480/Rodney_Chagas_v._Fabricio_Petinelli_Vieira_Coutinho_Brazil_9_June_2025.pdf", "date": "9 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Jamisson Roriz de Santana Andrade v. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/334/Santana_Andrade_v._TST_Brazil_May_12_2025.pdf", "date": "12 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Reclamação (RCL) 78.890 / BA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/758/8E03AC1BCB6B0B_downloadPeca2.pdf", "date": "12 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vilmar Martins dos Santos v. State of Parana", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/481/Vilmar_Martins_dos_Santos_v._State_of_Parana_Brazil_11_April_2025.pdf", "date": "11 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mazurek et al. v. Thomazoni", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/479/Mazurek_v._Thomazoni_Brazil_2_April_2025.pdf", "date": "2 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nº 0600814-85.2022.6.00.0000", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1044/0600814_Brazil_18_April_2023.pdf", "date": "14 April 2023", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 345, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "076" }, { "id": "BRICS", "title": "BRICS", "entries": [ { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "BRICS nations develop unified approaches for AI regulation", "url": "https://www.elciudadano.com/en/brics-nations-develop-unified-approaches-for-ai-regulation/02/13/", "description": "In an exclusive interview with TV BRICS, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov announced Moscow's participation in the artificial intelligence summit in India. This global forum is focused on the responsible and inclusive development of these technologies.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BRICS nations develop unified approaches for AI regulation", "description_zh": "据报道，金砖国家正积极协作，制定统一的人工智能监管方法，强调负责任和包容性的发展。俄罗斯外长Sergey Lavrov强调了将于2026年2月16日至20日在印度举行的人工智能峰会的重要性，指出人工智能监管尚处于早期定义阶段，并将涉及安全相关方面。Lavrov确认莫斯科支持印度的主席国方案，强调国际协调对于建立共同标准以应对大流行病、粮食安全和气候变化等全球挑战的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "UAE, Malaysia, and Rwanda forge AI alliance to empower Global South", "url": "https://www.wam.ae/en/article/bkyl45j-uae-malaysia-rwanda-seek-boost-adoption-global", "description": "Primary source (am.ae): وكالة أنباء الإمارات.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "UAE, Malaysia, and Rwanda forge AI alliance to empower Global South", "description_zh": "据报道，阿联酋、马来西亚和卢旺达已签署战略伙伴关系，以增强全球南方的人工智能应用。该合作通过谅解备忘录正式确立，旨在扩大由阿联酋和卢旺达于2024年创立的第四次工业革命中心（C4IR）人工智能奖学金项目。通过纳入马来西亚，该伙伴关系寻求促进合乎伦理的人工智能治理、推动人才交流，并通过联合倡议支持可持续发展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "BRICS statement on AI governance", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2142786", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 7 July 2025 in BRICS. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS statement on AI governance", "description_zh": "在巴西里约热内卢举行的第17次金砖国家峰会后，金砖国家领导人签署了一份联合声明，其中除其他事项外，呼吁建立全球人工智能治理以缓解潜在风险并满足所有国家（包括全球南方国家）的需求——“需要全球共同努力，建立维护我们共同价值观、应对风险、建立信任并确保广泛和包容的国际合作与获取机会的人工智能治理。”", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/noticias/2025/05/pbia-e-destaque-no-forum-de-ia-dos-brics-com-meta-de-supercomputador-e-inovacao-industrial", "description": "O secretário de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para a Transformação Digital do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI), Henrique Miguel, representou o Brasil nesta segunda-feira (20) na abertura do F órum de Alto Nível sobre Inteligência Artificial dos BRICS , promovido conjuntamente pelos governos brasileiro e chinês. O evento, realizado sob a presidência rotativa do Brasil no bloco, reúne autoridades governamentais, pesquisadores, empresários e instituições acadêmicas para discutir o papel estratégico da IA no desenvolvimento dos países do Sul Global. Durante o discurso de abertu", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brazil unveils AI development programme at BRICS forum", "description_zh": "在巴西轮值主席国期间举行的金砖国家人工智能高级别论坛上，巴西科学、技术和数字化转型秘书Henrique Miguel重点介绍了巴西人工智能计划（PBIA），这是一项侧重于合乎伦理、可持续和主权人工智能发展的国家政策，以应对该国的社会、经济和环境挑战。关键举措包括建设一座由可再生能源驱动的全球前五超级计算机，以及通过国际合作在国内开发高性能处理器。该论坛还发布了战略报告，并启动了中巴人工智能中心与圣保罗大学之间的伙伴关系，强调巴西希望加强与金砖国家在半导体、高性能计算、大语言模型和量子技术等领域的合作。该论坛强调了建立强大、包容的人工智能生态系统以及公平数据治理的重要性，以使发展中国家能够公平竞争，标志着基于南南合作和本土能力建设的更具包容性国际人工智能治理迈出了重要一步。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非以及自2025年1月1日起的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）外长在里约热内卢会晤后发表了一项宣言，其中包括关于人工智能的承诺，优先关注透明度、伦理标准、数据保护以及公平的发展成果，特别是解决国家之间和国家内部在数字和数据方面的不平等。金砖+部长们强调在联合国框架内建立具有包容性和代表性的国际人工智能治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "LAC", "title": "Intergovernmental Council on Artificial Intelligence for Latin America and the Caribbean", "entries": [ { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "President Xi unveils roadmap for deepening cooperation with LAC countries", "url": "http://en.cppcc.gov.cn/2025-05/14/c_1092366.htm", "description": "Chinese President Xi Jinping attends the opening ceremony of the fourth ministerial meeting of the China-CELAC (the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum and delivers a keynote speech at the China National Convention Center in Beijing, capital of China, May 13, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "President Xi unveils roadmap for deepening cooperation with LAC countries", "description_zh": "中国国家主席习近平宣布了五项旨在促进与拉丁美洲和加勒比（LAC）国家共同发展和振兴的计划。该宣布是在2015年中国-CELAC论坛建立之后提出的。除其他议题外，习主席呼吁加强拉美和加勒比国家发展战略与“一带一路”倡议的对接，并推动在贸易、投资、基础设施、农业、科技、新能源和教育领域的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Montevideo Declaration (2024)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/sites/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/files/documentos/noticias/EN-Proposal%20for%20Montevideo%20Declaration.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gub.uy) in LAC. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Energy & Environment", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Montevideo Declaration (2024):", "description_zh": "在乌拉圭蒙得维的亚，出席“拉丁美洲和加勒比人工智能伦理第二次部长和高级别当局峰会”的各国部长和高级别代表通过了《蒙得维的亚宣言》。该宣言重申本地区致力于基于促进、尊重和保障人权、基本自由、法治和民主的人工智能开发和部署，以人为本，关注人类福祉和尊严，促进创新并确保包容和可持续的技术进步。除其他事项外，该宣言呼吁制定区域人工智能路线图，在未来12个月内实施5项优先行动领域：（1）治理与监管，（2）人才与未来工作，（3）保护弱势群体，（4）环境，（5）可持续性与气候变化及基础设施。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Santiago Declaration to Promote Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Latin America and the Caribbean (2023)", "url": "https://minciencia.gob.cl/uploads/filer_public/40/2a/402a35a0-1222-4dab-b090-5c81bbf34237/declaracion_de_santiago.pdf", "description": "Primary source (minciencia.gob.cl) in LAC. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Energy & Environment", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Santiago Declaration to Promote Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Latin America and the Caribbean (2023):", "description_zh": "《圣地亚哥宣言》体现了联合国教科文组织《人工智能伦理建议书》的精神，确立了应指导人工智能公共政策的基本原则。这些原则包括相称性、安全性、公平性、非歧视、性别平等、可及性、可持续性、隐私和数据保护。该倡议认识到，快速的技术进步要求制定对拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的具体需求和挑战敏感的监管。它还强调涉及私营企业、民间社会、学术界以及人工智能生命周期中其他参与者的多部门合作的重要性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "BN", "title": "Brunei", "entries": [ { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "description_zh": "在韩国仁川举行的亚太经合组织（APEC）峰会上，亚太经济合作组织通过了《2025年数字与人工智能部长级声明》，强调人工智能在推动创新和应对社会经济挑战方面的作用。该声明强调以安全和负责任的方式采用人工智能及其他数字技术，以提高生产力、效率、韧性和经济发展。它鼓励成员经济体将这些技术与平衡、以人为中心的方法相结合，促进劳动力发展、教育和终身学习。它还促进在数字政策方面的合作与信息共享，以加强区域合作、跨境贸易和投资，同时增进对新兴技术效益的理解。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "APAC and other regional tech ministers discuss AI regulation", "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2024/10/16/ai_regulations_apac_ministerial_opinions/", "description": "At a conference in Singapore on Tuesday, ministers from around the world mused that they may have missed the chance to regulate AI effectively.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "APAC and other regional tech ministers discuss AI regulation", "description_zh": "在新加坡国际网络周上，来自各国的部长们讨论了在不断变化的技术格局中监管人工智能的挑战和策略。新闻报道了以下评论：（1）新加坡国家安全统筹部长Teo Chee Hean表示，国际合作对于解决数字领域的共同问题至关重要，强调需要避免在人工智能等新兴技术上重蹈覆辙；（2）乌克兰外交部副部长Anton Demokhin认为，在实现改进机会之前，有必要对不当行为作出强有力的回应；（3）新西兰部长Judith Collins表示，该国尚未制定人工智能监管法规，因为人工智能的使用尚不足以证明其必要性；（4）澳大利亚网络安全与数字韧性特使Andrew Charlton建议，有效的人工智能监管需要更多合作而非竞争；（5）文莱交通和信息通信部长Shamhary Mustapha强调在东盟贸易集团内就人工智能监管达成共识的重要性；（6）新加坡网络安全局专员David Koh指出，大型科技公司的收入超过许多国家的国内生产总值；（7）菲律宾信息和通信技术部Ivan John Uy表示乐观，认为东盟参与人工智能治理和伦理为时未晚。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 March 2024", "title": "MTIC to draft guidelines on use of AI", "url": "https://thescoop.co/2024/03/22/mtic-to-draft-guidelines-on-use-of-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN – The Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications (MTIC) will draft guidelines on the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) following the growing adoption of generative AI tools. The guidelines will help regulate and address ethical issues on the use of AI, MTIC Minister Pg Dato Shamhary Pg Dato Hj Mustapha said in his budget readout at the Legislative Council on Wednesday. He said it is undeniable that the use of AI has attracted a lot of attention, and its rapid growth requires the provision of a regulatory framework to control its use. The guidelines will be a", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MTIC to draft guidelines on use of AI", "description_zh": "据报道，文莱交通和信息通信部（MTIC）将起草负责任使用人工智能的指南，以应对生成式人工智能工具日益普及的采用。这些指南旨在规范并解决围绕人工智能使用的伦理问题，正如MTIC部长Pg Dato Shamhary Pg Dato Hj Mustapha在预算演讲中 stated。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Guide on Artificial Intelligence Governance and Ethics for Brunei (2022)", "url": "https://aiti.gov.bn/media/eysd0thx/draft-guide-on-ai-governance-ethics-for-public-consultation_9july2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (aiti.gov.bn) dated DRAFT in BN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guide on Artificial Intelligence Governance and Ethics for Brunei (2022)", "description_zh": "该指南面向在现有或即将开展的业务和IT系统中整合或采用人工智能解决方案的组织。它适用于在文莱达鲁萨兰国设计、开发、部署和/或使用人工智能技术的组织。这包括涉及人工智能各个方面的组织，包括系统设计师、开发人员、研究人员、人工智能技术的提供者和使用者，以及那些将此类服务雇佣或外包给可能位于海外的第三方公司的组织。本文件作为一本实用指南，根据各自组织的背景，以基于原则的方法作为人工智能治理和伦理的通用参考。它就组织应考虑的原则和保障措施提供建议和指导。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "096" }, { "id": "ASEAN", "title": "The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)", "entries": [ { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "ASEAN and China reinforce commitment to deepening comprehensive strategic partnership", "url": "https://asean.org/asean-and-china-reinforce-commitment-to-deepening-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 30 March 2026 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN and China reinforce commitment to deepening comprehensive strategic partnership", "description_zh": "东盟与中国在第27次中国-东盟联合合作委员会（ACJCC）会议上重申了推进全面战略伙伴关系（CSP）下合作的承诺。会议注意到2021-2025年行动计划（POA）已完成，并正在实施2026-2030年行动计划，该计划侧重于加强在跨国犯罪、科技、人工智能（AI）、农业和粮食安全、旅游、教育、公共卫生、媒体以及灾害管理等领域的合作。双方认识到2026年是中国-东盟年，标志着全面战略伙伴关系五周年，为评估成就并通过各种举措加强关系提供了契机。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "ASEAN leaders convene to operationalise Singapore's new Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI", "url": "https://futurecio.tech/asean-leaders-convene-to-operationalise-singapores-new-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai/", "description": "An initiative spanning Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines aims to help enterprises operationalise the new requirements under Singapore’s new Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN leaders convene to operationalise Singapore's new Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI", "description_zh": "据报道，来自新加坡、泰国、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和菲律宾的东盟领导人已启动协作努力，以实施新加坡新推出的《代理型人工智能治理模型框架》。该框架由新加坡数字发展与信息部长Josephine Teo在世界经济论坛上宣布，是全球首个此类框架，为自主人工智能代理的负责任部署提供了全面指南。该倡议由Armor和微软安全解决方案合作伙伴牵头，旨在随着该地区人工智能监管收紧，应对新兴合规挑战。该框架强调评估和管理风险、保持人类问责、实施技术控制以及确保终端用户责任，从而在东盟内培育一个安全、可信赖的人工智能生态系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Japan and ASEAN agree to cooperate on AI development", "url": "https://asean.org/secretary-general-of-asean-participates-in-the-5th-adgmin-japan-meeting/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 16 January 2026 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Japan and ASEAN agree to cooperate on AI development", "description_zh": "日本与东南亚国家联盟（东盟）已同意合作开发新的人工智能模型并建立相关法律框架。该合作在日本与东盟成员国数字部长在河内举行会议期间通过联合声明正式确立，此前由日本通信大臣Yoshimasa Hayashi提出。该伙伴关系旨在加强双方在人工智能领域的地位，以应对美国和中国的日益增长的影响力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "China and ASEAN to deepen cooperation in AI, digital security", "url": "https://asean.org/secretary-general-of-asean-participates-in-the-6th-adgmin-china-meeting/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 16 January 2026 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "China and ASEAN to deepen cooperation in AI, digital security", "description_zh": "在越南河内举行的第6次东盟数字部长会议上，中国与东盟概述了一项为期五年的路线图，以加强在人工智能、数字安全和数字经济等领域的数字合作。计划包括于2026年建立中国-东盟数字学院和中国-东盟人工智能产业创新中心。中国副部长张云明强调将中国即将出台的“十五五”规划与《东盟数字总体规划2030》对接，以建立一个开放、互利的数字生态系统。东盟部长们对中国提供的支持表示感谢，并希望加强务实数字合作，以提升中国-东盟全面战略伙伴关系。会议通过了《中国-东盟可持续和包容性数字生态系统合作计划（2026-2030年）》和《2026年中国-东盟数字合作计划》，重点关注政策对话、战略对接、数字基础设施以及新兴数字技术的创新应用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "China and ASEAN deepen cooperation in AI security, cross-border data governance", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/04/c_1766577618173846.htm", "description": "In September 2025, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the Global Governance Initiative, offering China's wisdom and solutions to promote the building of a more just and equitable global governance system. Cyberspace is a common space for human activities. Interconnection is the basic nature of cyberspace. Sharing and co-governance is the common vision of internet development. In the face of such problems and challenges as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order brought by digital development, China stands ready to join ASEAN countries in strengthening solidarity an", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China and ASEAN deepen cooperation in AI security, cross-border data governance", "description_zh": "中国与东盟提议在数字治理方面开展合作，主要通过三个领域：通过建立高效的应急响应机制和共享威胁信息来加强网络安全；通过实施《全球人工智能治理倡议》和促进人工智能实体之间的交流来合作治理人工智能；以及通过提高政策透明度和制定兼容的监管框架来促进跨境数据流动。这些努力旨在加强团结、建立共识并提升数字治理能力，为构建更加紧密的中国-东盟命运共同体作出贡献。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 November 2025", "title": "Indonesia calls for ASEAN-Japan action on AI, music royalties", "url": "https://en.antaranews.com/amp/news/391937/indonesia-calls-for-asean-japan-action-on-ai-music-royalties", "description": "Law ministers from Japan and ASEAN member countries attend the First Meeting of ASEAN and Japan Law Ministers in Manila, the Philippines, on November 15, 2025. (ANTARA/HO-Kementerian Hukum RI)", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Indonesia calls for ASEAN-Japan action on AI, music royalties", "description_zh": "据报道，在马尼拉举行的首次东盟-日本法律部长会议上，印度尼西亚提议在日本与东盟之间召开特别会议，以解决数字平台上的人工智能和音乐版税问题。法律部长Supratman Agtas强调有必要就知识产权举办研讨会，重点关注全球人工智能平台生成或传播的音乐和媒体内容的版税。印度尼西亚正在准备“印度尼西亚提案”，正式名称为《关于数字环境中版权版税治理的具有法律约束力的文书印度尼西亚提案》，旨在促进数字时代创作者和创意产业的经济公平。该提案定于2025年12月在日内瓦世界知识产权组织（WIPO）版权及相关权常设委员会（SCCR）会议上讨论。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Philippines launches ASEAN 2026 chairmanship with focus on AI", "url": "https://mirror.pco.gov.ph/presidential-speech/speech-by-president-ferdinand-r-marcos-jr-at-the-national-launch-of-the-philippine-chairship-of-asean-2026/", "description": "Primary source (mirror.pco.gov.ph) dated 14 November 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Philippines launches ASEAN 2026 chairmanship with focus on AI", "description_zh": "菲律宾已启动其2026年东盟主席国任期，重点关注人工智能，旨在使该国成为该地区人工智能发展的领导者。Ferdinand Marcos Jr.总统强调了人工智能在推动经济增长和创新方面的重要性，重点介绍了建立该国首个人工智能培训和研究中心等举措。政府还要求额外拨款52亿比索以筹备2026年东盟峰会，突显了将人工智能纳入国家和区域战略的承诺。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "ASEAN AI Safety Network regional HQ to be established in Kuala Lumpur", "url": "https://asean.bernama.com/news.php?id=2484360", "description": "Primary source (asean.bernama.com) dated 28 October 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN AI Safety Network regional HQ to be established in Kuala Lumpur", "description_zh": "据报道，东盟人工智能安全网络（ASEAN AI Safe）区域总部将于2026年初在吉隆坡设立。在第47次东盟峰会上，数字部长Gobind Singh Deo宣布，东盟人工智能安全秘书处将协调项目和活动，以加强区域合作并推进人工智能安全进展。该倡议旨在在东盟成员国之间创建一个安全、可靠和包容的人工智能生态系统，与《东盟数字总体规划2025》和《东盟负责任人工智能路线图2025-2030》等区域框架保持一致。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 July 2025", "title": "ASEAN to establish AI Safety Initiative", "url": "https://www.bernama.com/en/world/news.php?id=2449814", "description": "Primary source (bernama.com) dated 27 July 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN to establish AI Safety Initiative", "description_zh": "据报道，在马来西亚担任主席国期间，东盟正在发起东盟人工智能安全网络（AI Safe），以加强人工智能中的伦理创新和安全协议，正如东盟秘书长Dr. Kao Kim Hourn在2025年上海世界人工智能大会期间 stated。该倡议旨在促进区域合作，并反映了确保人工智能发展中的信任、透明度和问责制的承诺，特别是鉴于生成式人工智能带来的挑战，如错误信息和网络安全威胁。Dr. Kao强调政府、产业和学术界之间需要合作，以创建一个包容、合乎伦理和可持续的人工智能未来。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 May 2025", "title": "Vietnam Prime Minister emphasises strategic role of AI at international forum in Malaysia", "url": "https://english.vov.vn/en/politics/diplomacy/vietnamese-pm-emphasises-strategic-role-of-ai-at-international-forum-in-malaysia-post1202815.vov", "description": "According to the Prime Minister, AI has deeply penetrated all aspects of life, from communication to business production, contributing to rapid and sustainable development. Vietnam recognises ASEAN as a dynamic region with a large market, diverse cultures, and affordable labour, while the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has abundant financial resources and advanced technology.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Vietnam Prime Minister emphasises strategic role of AI at international forum in Malaysia", "description_zh": "据报道，越南总理Pham Minh Chinh在马来西亚举行的国际论坛上强调，人工智能是社会经济增长的首要战略优先事项，并呼吁东盟与海湾合作委员会（GCC）之间开展更深入的合作，以利用双方在人工智能发展中的互补优势。除其他要点外，Chinh总理主张政府制定有利的政策和现代制度框架，将企业和人民置于人工智能进步的中心，同时敦促发达国家向发展中国家提供技术和财政支持，以确保包容和公平的人工智能发展，不让任何人掉队。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 May 2025", "title": "Philippines President Marcos Jr. pushes for ethical, responsible AI at ASEAN summit", "url": "https://pco.gov.ph/news_releases/pbbm-ph-to-push-for-ethical-responsible-ai-at-asean-summit/", "description": "Primary source (pco.gov.ph) dated 25 May 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Philippines President Marcos Jr. pushes for ethical, responsible AI at ASEAN summit", "description_zh": "Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.总统宣布，菲律宾将在马来西亚举行的第46次东盟峰会上倡导制定符合东盟价值观的、关于合乎伦理和负责任的人工智能的共同区域框架。强调开放、包容和基于规则的国际秩序的重要性，Marcos Jr.总统表示，该倡议旨在建设一个面向未来、具有竞争力、以人为本和可持续的东盟，以应对区域紧张局势、海上安全、气候变化、经济不稳定和数字颠覆等挑战。Marcos Jr.总统还重申菲律宾致力于深化区域合作，支持东盟中心地位，并增进菲律宾人民和更广泛的东南亚社区的福祉。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Malaysia plans ASEAN-focused AI trust framework", "url": "https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2025/05/14/malaysia-plans-asean-focused-ai-trust-framework", "description": "PETALING JAYA: Malaysia is developing a national artificial intelligence (AI) trust framework tailored to its societal needs, with plans to eventually expand the initiative across the Asean region, says Digital Minister Gobind Singh Deo.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Malaysia plans ASEAN-focused AI trust framework", "description_zh": "据报道，马来西亚正在制定一项满足其社会需求的国家人工智能信任框架，并计划将该倡议扩展至整个东盟地区，据数字部长Gobind Singh Deo在PwC马来西亚2025年人工智能领导力会议期间 stated。国家人工智能办公室目前正在制定该框架，并与包括产业、学术界和民间社会在内的各利益攸关方接触。马来西亚定于2025年8月主办东盟人工智能峰会。该框架的进一步细节尚未披露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "ASEAN, Canada reaffirm commitment to advancing strategic partnership, covering AI", "url": "https://asean.org/asean-and-canada-reaffirm-commitment-to-advancing-strategic-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 8 May 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN, Canada reaffirm commitment to advancing strategic partnership, covering AI", "description_zh": "东盟与加拿大在老挝万象举行的第22次东盟-加拿大对话中重申了推进东盟-加拿大战略伙伴关系的承诺。除其他事项外，东盟与加拿大期待实质性结束东盟-加拿大自由贸易协定的谈判，并将继续加强在广泛战略领域的合作，包括网络安全和人工智能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "China - ASEAN AI lab established", "url": "https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/business/myeg-and-beitou-it-innovation-establish-flagship-china-asean-ai-lab", "description": "Malaysia's leading digital services company, MY E.G. Services Berhad (MyEG), has signed an agreement with Guangxi Beitou IT Innovation Technology Investment Group Co., Ltd. (Beitou IT Innovation) to jointly establish the Malaysia–China AI Innovation and Cooperation Centre as the flagship China–Asean AI Lab. This collaboration supports the vision of the Malaysian and Chinese governments to advance cooperation in artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "China - ASEAN AI lab established", "description_zh": "据报道，马来西亚MY E.G. Services Berhad（MyEG）与中国广西北投信息技术创新投资集团已合作建立马来西亚-中国人工智能创新与合作中心，被指定为中国-东盟人工智能旗舰实验室。该倡议得到两国政府支持，旨在整合区块链、生成式人工智能和机器人技术，用于针对本地文化的跨境应用。该实验室位于Petaling Jaya的Zetrix Tower，将涉及华为、DJI和阿里巴巴等领先企业，其首个服务将实现马来西亚与中国之间国家数字身份证的互认。广西政府已拨款13.8亿美元支持中国-东盟计划下的此类项目。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "ASEAN Roadmap on Responsible AI 2025-30 adopted", "url": "https://asean.org/book/asean-responsible-ai-roadmap-2025-2030/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 5 March 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN Roadmap on Responsible AI 2025-30 adopted", "description_zh": "东盟已通过一项计划，旨在到2030年促进合乎伦理的人工智能开发和部署。该计划即《东盟负责任人工智能路线图2025-2030》，为成员国提供定制化的行动，重点关注提升政府人工智能技能、建立区域伙伴关系、改善数字基础设施、动员社区、创建安全的数据共享以及鼓励就人工智能治理进行公开讨论等领域。它与现有伦理指南（如《东盟人工智能治理与伦理指南》）并行运作，并支持该地区更广泛的数字目标。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "ASEAN releases expanded guide on AI governance and ethics", "url": "https://asean.org/book/expanded-asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics-generative-ai/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 17 January 2025 in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN releases expanded guide on AI governance and ethics", "description_zh": "东盟已发布《东盟人工智能治理与伦理扩展指南（生成式人工智能）》。该扩展指南补充了现有的《东盟人工智能治理与伦理指南（2024年）》，后者侧重于传统人工智能技术，而扩展指南增加了与生成式人工智能相关的政策考量。该扩展指南提供了对生成式人工智能机遇和风险的审视，并就东盟支持其负责任采用提出了一系列政策建议。特别是，该扩展指南强调了六项关键风险：（1）错误与人格化；（2）事实不准确；（3）深度伪造；（4）知识产权侵权；（5）隐私与保密；以及（6） embedded biases的比例。该扩展指南还提供了来自越南、新加坡、泰国以及东盟范围内的生成式人工智能特定用例。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "19 October 2024", "title": "US and ASEAN statement on promoting safe, secure and trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Lists/Press%20Room/news.aspx?id=1161&source=http://mfa-prod.cwh.gov.bn/site/home.aspx", "description": "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was formally established upon the resumption of Brunei Darussalam's full independence on 1 January 1984. His Royal Highness Prince Mohamed Bolkiah was appointed as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brunei Darussalam.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US and ASEAN statement on promoting safe, secure and trustworthy AI", "description_zh": "在老挝万象举行的第12次东盟-美国峰会上，美国和东盟发布了一项声明，概述了20项关键举措，旨在加强东盟-美国全面战略伙伴关系，重点关注人工智能治理、能力建设和促进安全、可信赖的人工智能系统。它强调在数字经济框架、人工智能开发的包容性以及网络安全和人权的重要性方面的合作。这些承诺还包括努力弥合数字鸿沟并赋权弱势群体，确保人工智能的惠益为所有人所及。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "ASEAN representatives discuss an expanded ASEAN guide on AI governance and ethics", "url": "https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/asean-nations-collaborate-on-ai-governance-cambodia-leads-regional-efforts", "description": "The ASEAN member states are taking steps toward regulating artificial intelligence (AI) across the region, as highlighted during a consultative workshop, held in Phnom Penh this evening, October 17.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN representatives discuss an expanded ASEAN guide on AI governance and ethics", "description_zh": "据报道，在柬埔寨金边举行的一次协商研讨会上，东盟代表们齐聚一堂，讨论《东盟人工智能治理与伦理扩展指南》，该文件旨在简化人工智能系统的设计、开发和部署，同时确保其符合整个东盟的伦理标准。该文件尚未公开，但每个成员国目前正在与其各自利益攸关方协商以收集反馈意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "ASEAN-China Free Trade Area 3.0 upgrade negotiations conclude, covering AI", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2024/10/Singapore-Substantially-Concludes-The-Asean-China-Free-Trade-Area-3-0-Upgrade-Negotiations", "description": "This article has been migrated from an earlier version of the site and may display formatting inconsistencies.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ASEAN-China Free Trade Area 3.0 upgrade negotiations conclude, covering AI", "description_zh": "东盟-中国自由贸易区（ACFTA）3.0升级谈判已在第27次东盟-中国峰会上结束。该升级于2022年启动，（1）引入了全面的数据治理规则，涵盖电子发票、数字身份、电子支付、数字贸易标准、无纸化贸易和数字基础设施互联互通等领域；（2）涉及在线环境中个人数据的保护、电子交易框架以及跨境数据流动的监管；以及（3）概述了在网络安全、人工智能和金融科技等领域开展合作的计划，并包括支持微型、小型和中型企业（MSMEs）、促进数字包容以及加强反网络诈骗合作等措施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 September 2024", "title": "Stanford HAI engages ASEAN leaders in critical AI dialogue", "url": "https://hai.stanford.edu/news/stanford-hai-engages-asean-leaders-critical-ai-dialogue-amidst-regional-challenges", "description": "At a workshop preceding ASEAN’s Ministerial Meeting, Stanford faculty and ASEAN delegates explored AI’s impact on governance, fairness, and regional cooperation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Stanford HAI engages ASEAN leaders in critical AI dialogue", "description_zh": "斯坦福大学以人为本人工智能研究所（Stanford HAI）与东盟数字部官员、技术专家及东盟成员在柬埔寨暹粒举行的东盟科学技术与创新委员会（COSTI）部长级会议上举行了研讨会。在研讨会上，东盟成员国代表讨论了（1）他们对人工智能以及潜在治理结构的看法；（2）在缓解人工智能系统能源需求的同时扩大计算能力的获取，以及（3）吸引能够扩大该地区重要基础设施（如建设新数据中心）的国际投资。本次研讨会后的倡议或结果尚未披露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "ASEAN launches AI governance guide", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/02/asean-launches-guide-for-governing-ai-but-experts-say-there-are-challenges.html", "description": "News report (cnbc.com, 2 February 2024) regarding AI policy activity in ASEAN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN launches AI governance guide", "description_zh": "东盟在新加坡举行的第4次东盟数字部长会议后发布了其首份人工智能治理指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 February 2024", "title": "ASEAN digital ministers in Singapore to discuss scams, AI governance, cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/international/asean/asean-digital-ministers-singapore-discuss-scams-ai-governance-cybersecurity?amp", "description": "An EU-Asean joint guide on model contractual clauses will be launched for businesses to manage cross-border data flows Read more at The Business Times.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN digital ministers in Singapore to discuss scams, AI governance, cybersecurity", "description_zh": "在新加坡举行的第四次东盟数字部长会议上，该地区各国数字部长将讨论包括建立适当治理框架在内的各项议题，以建立可信赖的环境，使人工智能的潜力得以共同发挥。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics for Generative AI (2025)", "url": "https://asean.org/book/expanded-asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics-generative-ai/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics for Generative AI (2025):", "description_zh": "该扩展指南补充了现有的《东盟人工智能治理与伦理指南（2024年）》，后者侧重于传统人工智能技术，而扩展指南增加了与生成式人工智能相关的政策考量。该扩展指南提供了对生成式人工智能机遇和风险的审视，并就东盟支持其负责任采用提出了一系列政策建议。特别是，该扩展指南强调了六项关键风险：（1）错误与人格化；（2）事实不准确；（3）深度伪造；（4）知识产权侵权；（5）隐私与保密；以及（6） embedded biases的比例。该扩展指南还提供了来自越南、新加坡、泰国以及东盟范围内的生成式人工智能特定用例。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics (2024)", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics_beautified_201223_v2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) in ASEAN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics (2024):", "description_zh": "一本面向东盟希望设计、开发和部署传统人工智能技术（用于商业和非军事或双重用途应用）的组织的实用指南。该指南侧重于鼓励东盟内部的一致性，并促进各司法管辖区人工智能框架的互操作性。它还包括对在国家和地区层面政府可考虑实施的倡议的建议，以负责任地设计、开发和部署人工智能系统。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Hanoi Digital Declaration (6th ASEAN Digital Ministers’ Meeting) including cross-border data transfer provisions", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ADOPTED-HANOI-DIGITAL-DECLARATION_14Jan2026-CLN.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "16 January 2026, the ASEAN Digital Ministers adopted the Hanoi Digital Declaration at the 6th ASEAN Digital Ministers’ Meeting in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. The Declaration applies to ASEAN Member States and sets out commitments to advance regional digita…", "categories": [ "Data governance" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hanoi Digital Declaration (6th ASEAN Digital Ministers’ Meeting) including cross-border data transfer provisions", "description_zh": "2026年1月16日，东盟数字部长们在越南河内举行的第6次东盟数字部长会议上通过了《河内数字宣言》。该宣言适用于东盟成员国，并载有推进区域数字化的承诺……" } ], "entry_count": 25, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "BF", "title": "Burkina Faso", "entries": [ { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Burkina Faso kicks off nationwide initiative to promote responsible AI adoption and digital sovereignty", "url": "https://techafricanews.com/2025/10/29/burkina-faso-kicks-off-nationwide-initiative-to-promote-responsible-ai-adoption-and-digital-sovereignty/", "description": "The event marks a major step in the government’s effort to promote digital sovereignty and responsible AI adoption across sectors.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Burkina Faso kicks off nationwide initiative to promote responsible AI adoption and digital sovereignty", "description_zh": "据报道，布基纳法索已启动全国性运动，以促进负责任的人工智能采用和数字主权，其标志为“人工智能对布基纳法索发展的实际贡献”首届会议。该会议由数字转型、邮政和电子通信部组织，由部长Dr. Aminata Zerbo/Sabane和通信、文化、艺术和旅游部长Pingdwendé Gilbert Ouedraogo共同主持，政府官员、学者和产业领袖出席。该会议发起了一项全国性努力，向公众普及人工智能的机遇和挑战，强调需要建立稳健的伦理、法律和制度框架来管理人工智能部署。Dr. Zerbo/Sabane强调人工智能既是战略机遇也是主权问题，敦促采取集体行动，按照《2030年数字化转型议程》将人工智能整合到所有部门。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "854" }, { "id": "KH", "title": "Cambodia", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "United States-Cambodia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including cybersecurity regulation", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/agreement-between-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-kingdom-of-camboida-on-recipricol-trade/", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the United States and Cambodia signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on cross-border data transfer regulation. Cambodia agrees to collaborate with the US to address cybersecurity challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "United States-Cambodia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on technology transfer requirements", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/agreement-between-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-kingdom-of-camboida-on-recipricol-trade/", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the United States and Cambodia signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on technology transfer requirements. The Agreement mandates that Cambodia shall not impose any condition or enforce any undertaking requiring US persons to transfer or provide access to particular technologies as a condition of doing business. Additionally, Cambodia is prohibited from requiring US persons to purchase, utilise, or accord a preference to a specific technology as a con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "United States-Cambodia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on technology transfer requirements", "description_zh": "2025年10月26日，美国和柬埔寨签署了一项《互惠贸易协定》，其中包括关于技术转让要求的条款。该协定规定，柬埔寨不得施加任何条件或强制执行任何承诺，要求美国人转让或提供特定技术的访问权限作为开展业务的条件。此外，柬埔寨被禁止要求美国人购买、使用或给予特定技术优先权作为……" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Cambodia embraces industrial AI innovation", "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501802945/cambodia-embraces-industrial-ai-innovation-scientists-told/", "description": "Primary source (khmertimeskh.com) dated 8 December 2025 in KH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cambodia embraces industrial AI innovation", "description_zh": "在中国云南腾冲科学家论坛上，柬埔寨国务秘书Hul Seingheng宣布柬埔寨致力于建立在包容性人工智能合作和新兴技术负责任使用基础上的产业创新，旨在加速协作研究和开发（R&D）以弥合数字鸿沟。Seingheng国务秘书强调，柬埔寨正在将人工智能融入其产业现代化，与《科学、技术和创新路线图2030》保持一致，并敦促全球科学界优先考虑以公平和透明原则为指导的以人为本的治理。Seingheng国务秘书指出技能差距是发展中国家面临的最重大障碍，强调迫切需要加强STEM教育和人工智能素养，以确保从人工智能中获得公平的利益，并概述了三项关键国际优先事项：推进联合应用人工智能研发、加强技术转让以促进能力建设，以及建立包容性的伦理治理。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.khmertimeskh.com', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Cambodia government officials share intel on Cambodia's current approach to AI regulation", "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501575910/responsible-ai-cambodia-accelerates-efforts-on-governance-and-ethical-use/", "description": "Primary source (khmertimeskh.com) dated 17 October 2024 in KH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cambodia government officials share intel on Cambodia's current approach to AI regulation", "description_zh": "据报道，在金边举行的东盟官员协商研讨会上，柬埔寨政府官员透露了其在人工智能监管方面的各种信息，包括：（1）推动加强柬埔寨在东盟地区人工智能治理和伦理中的作用（邮政和电信部国务秘书Khov Makara）；（2）柬埔寨政府已敦促所有部委和国家机构加强信息流动，重点是宣传其成就并迅速应对假新闻和错误信息（邮政和电信部长Chea Vandeth）；以及（3）柬埔寨致力于在各领域开展人工智能伦理和治理，并推出了柬埔寨数字经济框架（2021-2025年）（信息技术与通信总局局长Sam Sethserey）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.khmertimeskh.com', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Cambodia AI Landscape Report (2023)", "url": "https://misti.gov.kh/public/file/202305301685426285.pdf", "description": "ក្រសួងឧស្សាហកម្ម វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ បហ្ហេកវិទ្យា និងនវានុវត្ដន៍ បំពេញបេសកកម្មជាសេនាធិការឲ្យរាជរដ្ឋាភិបាលលើការដឹកនាំនិងគ្រប់គ្រងវិស័យឧស្សាហកម្ម វិទ្យាសាស្ត្រ បហ្ហេកវិទ្យា និងនវានុវត្ដន៍ រួមបញ្ហូលទាំងវិស័យសិប្បកមá", "categories": [ "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Landscape in Cambodia - Current Status and Future Trends (2023):", "description_zh": "由工业、科学、技术和创新部发布的学术文件，旨在了解柬埔寨人工智能的现状和未来。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "116" }, { "id": "CA", "title": "Canada", "entries": [ { "title": "Statement by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada to the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics on its study of artificial intelligence - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/advice-to-parliament/2026/parl_260202/", "description": "Personal information is at the heart of artificial intelligence, and therefore privacy legislation should, in my view, be at the heart of AI regulation. Thank you, and I look forward to your questions. Date modified: 2026-02-02", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Joint statement on AI-generated imagery and the protection of privacy - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches-and-statements/2026/s-d_20260223_ai/", "description": "23 February 2026 · The co-signatories below are issuing this Joint Statement in response to serious concerns about artificial intelligence (AI) systems that generate realistic images and videos depicting identifiable individuals without their knowledge and consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Building trust: Privacy and AI governance - Remarks by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada to the Victoria International Privacy and Security Summit - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches-and-statements/2026/sp-d_20260305/", "description": "Personal information is at the heart of artificial intelligence, and therefore privacy legislation should, in my view, be at the heart of AI regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada’s 2025-26 Departmental Plan - Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/opc-operational-reports/planned-opc-spending/dp-index/2025-2026/dp-2025-26/", "description": "Exemplify how to leverage technology effectively while also protecting privacy by implementing the OPC’s internal Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategy that delivers artificial intelligence capabilities within the Office with a view to develop and expand practical AI expertise within the office and demonstrate the safe and responsible adoption of AI within the Government of Canada context.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Spring Economic Update 2026: Key Measures - Canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2026/04/spring-economic-update-2026-key-measures.html", "description": "Auto Strategy: Rewarding the production of made-in-Canada vehicles and harnessing our world-class capabilities in artificial intelligence and technology expertise to build the cars of the future, positioning Canada to become a global leader in electric vehicle (EV) production.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-23", "title": "Fintech co-operation agreement", "url": "https://www.securities-administrators.ca/aboutcsa.aspx?id=2069", "description": "The Canadian Securities Administrators and the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius signed the FinTech cooperation agreement. The agreement builds on the work of the CSA Regulatory Sandbox Initiative and the efforts made by FSC Mauritius with innovative financial players, aiming to provide a framework that offers flexibility for businesses, but also maintains investor protection. The agreement includes a referral mechanism for innovative businesses and intends to establish information s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "Canadian Competition Bureau investigation into Google over advertising dominance", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/competition-bureau/news/2024/02/competition-bureau-expands-its-investigation-into-googles-advertising-practices.html", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the Competition Bureau of Canada obtained a court order to advance its ongoing investigation into Google's online advertising practices. The Bureau is examining whether Google has been leveraging its market power across display advertising technology services in a way that harms competition and whether it has been using predatory pricing in certain display advertising technology services. The investigation, which began in 2020, initially focused on allegations that Google...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-20", "title": "Digital identity requirements in UK-Canada (Agile Nations) Digital Credentials project", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/agile-nations-work-programme-plan-2020-to-2021/agile-nations-work-programme-plan-2020-to-2021#experimental", "description": "The Digital Credentials project between the United Kingdom and Canada, with Singapore as an observer, is launched on 20 October 2021. The bilateral project aims to foster interoperable digital credential solutions between the two countries. The plan is composed of two initiatives, one being the development of joint proofs of concept and the other being a workshop on digital credentials.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-23", "title": "Participate in the OECD’s pilot on monitoring the application of the G7 Code of Conduct for Organisations Developing Advanced AI Development", "url": "", "description": "the OECD and G7 members are taking a crucial step towards fostering a safer and more trustworthy AI ecosystem.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-15", "title": "Data protection regime in proposed Consumer Privacy Protection Act (CPPA)", "url": "https://parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/bill/C-11/first-reading", "description": "On 15 August 2021, the \"Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2020\" (Bill C-11) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session closed.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-03-08", "title": "Consultation on increased protection of personal data in Ontario", "url": "https://www.ontariocanada.com/registry/showAttachment.do?postingId=37468&attachmentId=49462", "description": "The Ontario Ministry of Government and Consumer Services closed its consultation on August 3, 2021. The consultation started on June 17, 2021 with the publication of a white paper regarding a modernization of Privacy in Ontario. In the paper, Ontario proposed the possibility of a provincial privacy and data protection law to complement federal law, although said step would require introducing a bill by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The consultation proposes to close alleged gaps in fed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-09-17", "title": "Consultation on a Modern Copyright Framework for Artificial Intelligence", "url": "A Consultation on a Modern Copyright Framework for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things", "description": "On 17 September 2021, the consultation opened by the Canadian Government on 15 July 2021, regarding a Modern Copyright Framework for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things, closed. The consultation aims to gather information on the interplay between copyright, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT). The consultation paper outlines three areas of reform: text and data mining (TDM); authorship and ownership of works generated by AI; copyright infringement and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-12", "title": "Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act (C-26)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-26", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the Senate of Canada adopted Bill C-26, amending the Telecommunications Act and enacting the Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act. The Bill had previously been passed by the House of Commons on 19 June 2024. The Bill regulates operators in finance, energy, telecommunications, and transport. The Bill mandates entities to implement cybersecurity programs and outlines measures regarding risk mitigation, incident reporting, and compliance with government directions. The Bill...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-10", "title": "Report on Facial Recognition Technology and the Growing Power of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/441/ETHI/Reports/RP11948475/ethirp06/ethirp06-e.pdf", "description": "On 4 October 2022, the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics of the Canadian House of Commons published its report \"Facial Recognition Technology and the Growing Power of Artificial Intelligence\", in which it makes a number of legislative proposals regarding data protection in the context of facial recognition technology. Among other things, the Standing Committee recommends providing a legal definition of permitted and prohibited uses of facial recognition technolog...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-25", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into OpenAI ChatGPT's data processing practices", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/an_230525-2/", "description": "On 25 May 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC), the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia, the Commission d'accès à l'information du Québec, and the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Alberta announced their joint investigation into Open AI's ChatGPT. In April, the OPC initiated the investigation into OpenAI following a complaint that alleged ChatGPT was collecting, using, and disclosing personal information without ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-06", "title": "Privacy Commissioner of Canada investigation into Facebook regarding disclosure of user information to Cambridge Analytica", "url": "https://www.scc-csc.ca/cases-dossiers/search-recherche/41538/", "description": "On 12 June 2025, the Canadian Supreme Court accepted an appeal from Facebook, which challenged the ruling from 10 September 2024 finding Facebook in violation of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The Federal Court of Appeal of Canada had found that Facebook’s practices between 2013 and 2015 breached PIPEDA’s requirement to obtain meaningful consent from users prior to data disclosure and failed in its obligation to safeguard user data. The lawsuit foll...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-21", "title": "OSFI Responsible AI Framework", "url": "https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/Docs/ai-ia.pdf", "description": "On 21 April 2023, Canada's Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) issued a \"Canadian Perspective on Responsible AI\", which is a full-length report on how to encourage safe artificial intelligence (AI) development. It was developed by the Financial Industry Forum on Artificial Intelligence (FIFAI), a group organised by OSFI that combines different experts in diverse fields to collectively contribute to safe AI regulation. The report discusses a number of key factors for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-05", "title": "OPC recommendations on Digital Charter Implementation Act of 2022 (Bill C-27)", "url": "https://priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/nr-c_230511/", "description": "On 11 May 2023, Canada's Privacy Commissioner (OPC) issued its recommendations on the Digital Charter Implementation Act of 2022 (Bill C-27). The OPC has made 15 recommendations to expand the proposed Act, such as recognising privacy as a fundamental right, protecting children's privacy, and expanding the list of violations for financial penalties. Furthermore, the OPC recommended incorporating privacy by design requirements in the Act and developing a framework for de-identifying and anonymi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-21", "title": "G7 data protection and privacy authorities statement on generative AI technologies", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/G7roundtable_202306_statement.pdf", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the G7 data protection and privacy authorities (DPAs) issued a statement after having met to discuss recent developments and challenges of generative AI technologies from a data protection and privacy perspective. In particular, the DPAs highlighted areas of concern where privacy and data protection risks may arise within the context of generative AI tools. In addition, the DPAs noted the work being developed through ongoing investigations on services that use generative AI. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-14", "title": "Centre for Cyber Security Guidance on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)", "url": "https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/generative-artificial-intelligence-ai-itsap00041", "description": "On 17 July 2023, the Canadian Center for Cybersecurity (CCCS) published its Guidance on Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). In the Guidance, the CCCS states that while generative AI has numerous benefits, it also poses significant risks. Potential concerns include the dissemination of misinformation and phishing attacks, compromised privacy and data security, the creation of malicious code, and biased content generation. To mitigate these risks, organisations and individuals should imple...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-16", "title": "Code of practice for generative artificial intelligence systems", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/consultation-development-canadian-code-practice-generative-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "On 16 August 2023, the Government published the Canadian Guardrails for Generative AI – Code of Practice and opened a public consultation. The code of practice is voluntary and aims to provide legal clarity until the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) to developers, deployers, and operators of generative AI systems. The Code of Practice consists of 6 elements. First, generative AI systems must be safe. Ways in which the system may attract malicious or harmful in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-15", "title": "Implications of generative artificial intelligence for copyright", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/strategic-policy-sector/en/marketplace-framework-policy/consultation-copyright-age-generative-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the Government of Canada opened a public consultation on the implications of generative artificial intelligence (AI) for copyright. The inquiry includes an evaluation regarding the application of the copyright framework to text and data mining, especially when copyright works or other content, such as performances or sound recordings, are used to train AI systems. Furthermore, the inquiry aims to clarify how this framework applies to works generated either with the assista...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-01", "title": "Canada: Treaty Negotiations on Artificial Intelligence at the Council of Europe", "url": "https://www.international.gc.ca/consultation/artificial-intelligence-artificielle/index.aspx?lang=eng", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Government of Canada closed its public consultation on Canada's participation in treaty negotiations on Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the Council of Europe (CoE). In particular, the Government seeks input to inform its negotiating positions, emphasising an inclusive approach to address potential risks associated with the design, development and use of AI. The Government aims to balance AI advancement with Canadian values and interests, including human rights, democra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "OIPC guideline on the use of AI to health information custodians", "url": "https://oipc.ab.ca/office-of-the-information-and-privacy-commissioner-offers-assistance-regarding-use-of-ai-to-health-information-custodians/", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner (OIPC) published guidelines regarding Artificial intelligence (AI) for custodians, as defined in the Health Information Act (HIA) and its regulations. The guidelines aim to provide guidance on the usage of AI, as many organisations may be unfamiliar with how best to ensure their use of AI complies with the law. The new guidance on the use of AI is particularly focused on small custodians in the health sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "Joint Cyber Security Guide", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/case-for-memory-safe-roadmaps", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Australian Cyber Security Centre, in collaboration with the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), National Security Agency (NSA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ), Computer Emergency Response Team New Zealand (CERT NZ), and the United Kingdom's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK), jointly released cybersecurity guidance focused on ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-02", "title": "Quebec Regulation on Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/gazette/pdf_encrypte/lois_reglements/2023F/82082.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2024, the Québec provincial government closed a public consultation on draft regulation on data protection. This regulation applies to all public bodies as well as private sector entities that handle personal information. The regulation stipulates that before starting an anonymisation process, an organisation must establish the purposes for which it intends to use the anonymised personal information. The anonymisation process must be carried out under the supervision of a compet...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "Competition Bureau inquiry into artificial intelligence and competition", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/competition-bureau/news/2025/01/competition-bureau-issues-report-summarizing-feedback-on-artificial-intelligence-and-competition.html", "description": "On 27 January 2025, the Canadian Competition Bureau released a report titled \"Consultation on Artificial Intelligence and Competition: What We Heard\", summarising conclusions from its consultation on AI and competition launched on 20 March 2024. The Bureau’s objective was to advance public discourse and deepen the Bureau’s understanding of AI and the competitive dynamics in AI and AI-related markets. Conclusions from the report include the rapid evolution of AI technology affecting market dyn...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-30", "title": "Accountability Agent Application by Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/ph-promotes-global-cooperation-on-cross-border-data-protection-and-privacy-enforcement/", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum published a document outlining the process for organisations to become recognised as accountability agents. These agents are empowered to certify companies as compliant with Global CBPR and Global PRP standards. The document details the criteria and process for recognition as an accountability agent. For an applicant to be considered to be suitable as an accountability agent, they must explain how they are subject to enforc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-30", "title": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum Systems Policies, Rules, and Guidelines", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/documents/", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum published a document outlining the GCBPR and Global Privacy Recognition for Processors (GPRP) Systems, their core elements, governance structure and the roles and responsibilities of participating organisations, accountability agents, privacy enforcement authorities (PEAs), and GCBPR Forum Members. The GCBPR and GPRP Systems established a structured process to ensure that organisations meet specific data protection and priv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "UK-Canada Artificial Intelligence safety partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership#:~:text=Confirmed%20by%20UK%20Technology%20Minister,work%20on%20AI%20safety%20research", "description": "On 20 May 2024, the governments of the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada announced their intent to increase their collaboration on Artificial Intelligence (AI) safety, including cooperation between their respective AI Safety Institutes, to support the safe and responsible AI development and deployment, promoting international dialogue and foundational research. The agreement involves sharing expertise, identifying research priorities, facilitating professional exchanges, and leveraging computati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-25", "title": "G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors' Communique including considerations on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/muhnmsh1/stresa-communique-25-may-2024.pdf", "description": "On 25 May 2024, the Group of Seven (G7) Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors published a communiqué that included considerations on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The communiqué stated that AI brings significant potential for economic growth but also poses risks to society. The Finance Ministers agreed to advance the discussion on AI's economic potential and how to leverage AI to increase productivity and growth while supporting a human-centred approach and enhancing well-being. Additi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-09", "title": "Privacy Commissioner inquiry into privacy and age-assurance systems", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/what-we-do/consultations/consultation-age/expl_gd_age/", "description": "On 10 September 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) closes its exploratory consultation on privacy and age-assurance systems. The OPC outlines preliminary findings regarding the available evaluation methods to determine users' age and increase the safety of young people online. Age assurance can restrict young people's access to certain content and tailor data practices, but according to OPC, it also raises privacy concerns. The related privacy concerns are identifiability, linkabi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-09", "title": "Inquiry on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Compute", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/public-consultations/consultation-artificial-intelligence-ai-compute", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the department Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) of the Canadian government closes a consultation as part of an Inquiry on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Compute initiatives. The consultation asks for public input to inform the design and implementation of two government initiatives investing in AI. The Canadian AI Sovereign Compute Strategy aims to guide the development of Canadian AI infrastructure over the long-term, while the AI Compute Acce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-27", "title": "Guide on the Scope of the Directive on Automated Decision-Making", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/responsible-use-ai/guide-scope-directive-automated-decision-making.html", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the Government of Canada released a Guide outlining the Scope of the Directive on Automated Decision-Making. This Directive applies to departments employing automated decision systems to fully or partially automate administrative decisions, encompassing systems utilising artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies. The directive specifically covers systems developed or procured after April 2020. The Guide clarifies the Directive's objectives, specifies the criteria fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-22", "title": "Quebec Provisions on the Portability of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/actualites/dispositions-portabilite-bientot-en-vigueur", "description": "On 22 September 2024, the Provisions on the Portability of Personal Information of the Quebec Commission on Access to Information (CAI) entered into force. The Provisions outline obligations for companies regarding the right to portability of data subjects. The right to portability allows any person to request and obtain their computerized personal information, in a structured and commonly used technological format. Furthermore, the Provisions outline the conditions for data portability, inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "G7 data protection and privacy authorities statement on AI and children", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_g7_20241011_child-ai/", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Group of Seven (G7) Data Protection and Privacy Authorities issued a statement addressing the challenges Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses to the privacy and rights of children and young people. The statement urges AI developers and stakeholders to implement age-appropriate safeguards, ensure privacy by design, and adopt transparent AI models. The statement encourages implementing protection against risks such as online manipulation, discrimination, and misuse of pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "G7 DPAs Memoranda of Understanding on enforcement cooperation", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/ap-g7_241011/", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Group of Seven (G7) Data Protection and Privacy Authorities adopted the action plan to establish Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) and Memorandums of Cooperation (MoCs) to enhance global enforcement cooperation. The MoUs and MoCs will incorporate the 2023 G7 request for information form into the global privacy assembly’s enforcement cooperation handbook. The MoUs and MoCs will seek to enhance enforcement cooperation among the authorities by fostering dialogue, addres...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-25", "title": "Council of the European Union source on artificial intelligence governance (2024)", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/zttev3ma/g7_fmcbg_statement_washington.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-10-25 for Canada concerning G7 finance ministers and central bank governors' statement on implications of artificial intelligence on economic and financial policymaking. See the linked consilium.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-29", "title": "Centre for Cyber Security guidelines for critical infrastructure addressing security threats", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/communications-security/news/2024/10/top-canadian-cyber-security-body-releases-flagship-guidance-for-critical-infrastructure.html", "description": "On 29 October 2024, the Canadian Centre for Cybersecurity adopted the guidelines for critical infrastructure addressing cyber threats. The guidance aims to enhance the cyber resilience of Canada’s critical infrastructure. The guidance applies to operators of essential services across sectors such as energy, finance, health, and communications technology, aiming to strengthen cyber security measures. The guidance focuses on 6 pillars, including governing, identifying, protecting, detecting, re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-20", "title": "Modernisation of Broadcasting Act", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/radio-television-telecommunications/news/2024/11/crtc-consults-on-definition-of-canadian-content-and-flexible-approach-for-radio.html", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) closed two public consultations about a modernisation of the Canada's broadcasting framework in line with the updated Broadcasting Act (S.C. 1991, c. 11). The first consultation sought to redefine Canadian content for television and online streaming services to ensure the promotion and discoverability of Canadian and Indigenous stories. The second consultation aimed to revise the regulatory framework fo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into X over alleged collection, use, and disclosure of Canadians' personal information to train artificial intelligence models", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2026/nr-c_260115/", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada expanded an ongoing investigation into X Corp pertaining to the use of the Grok chatbot to create sexualised Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated deepfake images. The investigation examines compliance with the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), including whether valid consent was obtained for the collection, use, and disclosure of Canadians’ personal information to create deepfakes and w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-26", "title": "Privacy Commissioner's privacy breach risk self-assessment tool", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2025/nr-c_250326/", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada launched an online privacy breach risk self-assessment tool to support organisations subject to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and federal institutions governed by the federal Policy on Privacy Protection. The tool guides users through a series of questions to assess the sensitivity of the personal information involved and the likelihood that it could be misused. It assists organisations in determi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-08", "title": "Data protection regulation in Children's Privacy Code under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/what-we-do/consultations/consultation-children-code/", "description": "On 5 August 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) closes its consultation on the development of a children’s privacy code under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The consultation focuses on data protection regulation concerning the collection, use, disclosure, retention, and safeguarding of children’s personal information. The proposed code is intended to clarify organisational obligations related to meaningful consent, data mini...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-11", "title": "Competition Bureau inquiry into algorithmic pricing", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/competition-bureau/news/2025/11/competition-bureau-concludes-investigation-into-algorithmic-pricing-in-the-rental-housing-market.html", "description": "On 10 November 2025, the Competition Bureau of Canada issued its findings following an investigation into the use of algorithmic pricing software in the rental housing market. The Competition Bureau determined that the adoption of revenue management tools developed by RealPage Canada and Yardi Canada was not widespread enough to have substantially reduced competition. The Bureau therefore found insufficient evidence of abuse of dominance or anticompetitive collaboration under the Competition ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-17", "title": "G7 declaration on AI for prosperity", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_1552", "description": "On 17 June 2025, the Leaders of the Group of Seven (G7) adopted a statement on artificial intelligence (AI) for prosperity. The statement recognises the potential of a human-centric approach to AI for economic growth, societal benefit, and addressing global challenges. It aims to drive innovation and adoption of secure, responsible, and trustworthy AI, while working with emerging market and developing country partners to close digital divides, aligning with the United Nations Global Digital C...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-18", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act (C-8)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/45-1/C-8", "description": "On 18 June 2025, the Minister of Public Safety introduced the Bill on respecting cybersecurity, amending the Telecommunications Act and making consequential amendments to other Acts (Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act/ Bill C-8). The Bill includes amendments to the Telecommunications Act and measures on the enactment of the Critical Cyber Systems Protection Act (CCSPA). The Bill would give the Governor-in-Council and the Minister of Industry authority to issue orders aimed at safeguarding ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-21", "title": "G7 Cyber Expert Group Statement on Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/G7-Cyber-Expert-Group-Statement-AI-and-Cybersecurity-2025.pdf", "description": "On 21 September 2025, the Group of Seven (G7) Cyber Expert Group (CEG) issued the statement on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity. It applies to financial institutions, regulators, technology firms, and AI developers. The statement covers generative AI, agentic AI, and advanced systems, highlighting both opportunities and risks for cyber resilience. It urges monitoring AI developments, integrating AI into anomaly detection, fraud prevention and predictive maintenance. Risks includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "Government order establishing Artificial Intelligence Strategy Task Force", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/09/government-of-canada-launches-ai-strategy-task-force-and-public-engagement-on-the-development-of-the-next-ai-strategy.html", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Government of Canada, through Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), launched the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy Task Force with a mandate to provide targeted recommendations for the development of Canada’s next AI strategy. The Task Force is composed of experts drawn from academia, industry, finance, and civil society, each consulting their networks on specific themes including research and talent, adoption of AI across industry and gover...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "title": "Guidance on data protection in Scribd", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/actualites/appel-prudence-des-utilisateurs-quebecois-plateforme-scribd", "description": "On 16 October 2025, the Commission of Access to Information issued guidance to businesses and public organisations on the Scribd platform, a global digital library hosting over 200 million user-uploaded documents. The Commission advised that uploading personal or sensitive information on the platform may pose privacy risks, as Scribd is not a personal cloud service and content is public unless privacy settings are applied.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-10", "title": "Assessment of algorithmic pricing and competition in G7 jurisdictions", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/algorithmic-pricing-and-competition-in-g7-jurisdictions_f36dacf8-en.html", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published a report on algorithmic pricing and competition in Group of Seven (G7) jurisdictions. The report examines how competition authorities across G7 jurisdictions, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have responded to competitive risks from algorithmic pricing mechanisms used by firms in travel, entertainment, retail, and platform-based services. T...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-11", "title": "Canada-Denmark Joint Statement on Quantum Cooperation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/11/governments-of-canada-and-denmark-sign-joint-statement-on-quantum-cooperation.html", "description": "On 10 November 2025, Canada and Denmark signed the Joint Statement on Quantum Cooperation at the European Quantum Technologies Conference 2025. The Joint Statement recorded commitments by both countries to foster greater research and development ties, including the ethical use of quantum technologies, to advance the quantum objectives of both countries. It stated that both countries would foster collaborative and inclusive scientific environments, advance multidisciplinary quantum research an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into Loblaw Companies over alleged violations of personal information retention practices under Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-businesses/2026/pipeda-2026-001/", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada published the findings of an investigation into Loblaw Companies regarding the retention of purchase histories linked to former members of the PC Optimum loyalty programme. The investigation examined whether Loblaw handled privacy-related inquiries in line with Principle with Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), and whether it retained personal information only as long as necessary after accoun...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Regional Artificial Intelligence Initiative (RAII) for Northern Ontario", "url": "https://fednor.canada.ca/en/our-programs/regional-artificial-intelligence-initiative-raii-northern-ontario", "description": "Where appropriate, legislative/regulatory requirements (Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA)), responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence, intellectual property management, and data security/privacy considerations have been made, and where necessary, mitigations are in place.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy - Canada.ca", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/pan-canadian-artificial-intelligence-strategy", "description": "The government is supporting this initiative with $8.6 million in funding provided in Budget 2021, over five years, from 2021-2022 to 2025-2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "AI openness: Balancing innovation, transparency and risk in open-weight models", "url": "", "description": "In August 2025, OpenAI announced GPT-OSS, a family of open-weight models that provide public access to the trained parameters of a frontier-level AI system. This gives a new sense of urgency to the debate over how “open” artificial intelligence models should be. Some heralded the move as a victory f", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI openness: Balancing innovation, transparency and risk in open-weight models", "description_zh": "2025年8月，OpenAI宣布了GPT-OSS，这是一系列开放权重模型，提供对前沿级人工智能系统训练参数的公共访问。这为关于人工智能模型应有多“开放”的辩论带来了新的紧迫感。一些人称赞此举是……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Canada’s plans to bridge the AI compute gap and how it can make industry policy inclusive and sustainable", "url": "", "description": "Canada’s journey to close its AI compute gap is not just an innovation challenge; it’s a societal imperative.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada’s plans to bridge the AI compute gap and how it can make industry policy inclusive and sustainable", "description_zh": "加拿大弥合人工智能计算差距的旅程不仅是一项创新挑战，更是一项社会当务之急。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-03", "title": "Auditors have a role in Canadian AI governance initiatives, but it needs clarification", "url": "", "description": "Canada could look to international initiatives for guidance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Auditors have a role in Canadian AI governance initiatives, but it needs clarification", "description_zh": "加拿大可以参考国际倡议以获取指导。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-05", "title": "Canada’s leadership in AI – talent, ecosystems, and responsible AI", "url": "", "description": "Canada’s AI strategy emphasizes responsible innovation and economic growth, grounded in human rights, inclusion and diversity. First in a five part series on national AI policies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada’s leadership in AI – talent, ecosystems, and responsible AI", "description_zh": "加拿大的人工智能战略强调负责任创新和经济增长，以人权、包容性和多样性为基础。关于国家人工智能政策的五部分系列的第一部分。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-28", "title": "Blog series: How countries are empowering citizens for AI and the future of work", "url": "", "description": "A video series, where policymakers from Egypt, Singapore, Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom showcase their AI strategies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blog series: How countries are empowering citizens for AI and the future of work", "description_zh": "一个视频系列，来自埃及、新加坡、加拿大、德国和英国的政策制定者展示他们的人工智能战略。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "Canada-Nigeria MoU on enforcement of data privacy laws", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/nr-c_241112_02/", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada and the National Commissioner of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). The MOU establishes a framework for the exchange of information and mutual assistance between Canada and Nigeria on data protection and privacy matters. The MOU aims to facilitate cooperation on the enforcement of data protection laws, promote transparency, and protect privacy rights in both jurisdictions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada-Nigeria MoU on enforcement of data privacy laws", "description_zh": "2024年10月2日，加拿大隐私专员与尼日利亚数据保护委员会国家专员签署了谅解备忘录（MOU）。该谅解备忘录建立了加拿大与尼日利亚在数据保护和隐私事务上交换信息和相互协助的框架。该谅解备忘录旨在促进在数据保护法执法方面的合作，提高透明度，并保护两个司法管辖区的隐私权。" }, { "title": "Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Official site", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en", "description": "Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Official site", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada | Official site", "description_zh": "创新、科学和经济发展部 | 官方网站" }, { "title": "Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy 2023-2027 (updated April 2026) - Canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/services/publications/sustainable-development/strategy/2023-2027/update-2026.html", "description": "Target: By 2026, there are at least 245,000 jobs in the clean technology products sector, an increase from 2019.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy 2023-2027 (updated April 2026) - Canada.ca", "description_zh": "目标：到2026年，清洁技术产品部门至少有245,000个就业岗位，较2019年有所增加。" }, { "date": "14 February 2021", "title": "Revision of Canadian Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pa-lprp/modern.html", "description": "The government of Canada closed the consultation period for the legislative project Modernizing Canada`s Privacy Act. The consultation was originally scheduled to last until 1 January 2021 but subsequently extended to 14 February 2021.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Revision of Canadian Privacy Act", "description_zh": "加拿大政府结束了对《加拿大隐私法现代化》立法项目的征求意见期。征求意见期原定于2021年1月1日结束，但随后延长至2021年2月14日。" }, { "date": "30 November 2020", "title": "Applying GST/HST to the digital economy in Fall Economic Statement", "url": "https://www.budget.gc.ca/fes-eea/2020/report-rapport/toc-tdm-en.html", "description": "The Fall Economic Statement 2020 is presented, including the announcement of the taxation of digital services to ensure a fair tax system for the digital economy. The proposal includes the application of the GST/HST to cross-border digital products and services (4.8.1.1), to goods supplied through fulfillment warehouses by digital platforms (4.8.1.2), and to short-term accommodation through digital platforms (4.8.1.3).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Applying GST/HST to the digital economy in Fall Economic Statement", "description_zh": "《2020年秋季经济报告》发布，其中包括对数字服务征税的公告，以确保数字经济的公平税制。该提案包括对跨境数字产品和服务征收商品及服务税/统一销售税（GST/HST）（4.8.1.1）、对通过数字平台由履约仓库提供的商品征收GST/HST（4.8.1.2），以及对通过数字平台提供的短期住宿征收GST/HST（4.8.1.3）。" }, { "date": "22 February 2022", "title": "Digital Service Tax Act", "url": "https://fin.canada.ca/drleg-apl/2021/bia-leb-1221-bil-1.pdf", "description": "On 22 February 2022, the Canadian Ministry of Finance closed the public consultation on the Digital Services Tax Act. The Act would put in place the Digital Services Tax (DST), which was introduced in the 2020 Fall Economic Statement and detailed in the 2021 Budget.\nThe DST would be imposed at a rate of 3% on certain revenue generated by major enterprises from digital services that rely on Canadian users' participation, data, and content contributions. Large enterprises, both local and intern...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Digital Service Tax Act", "description_zh": "2022年2月22日，加拿大财政部结束了对《数字服务税法》的公众咨询。该法将落实数字服务税（DST），该税在2020年秋季经济报告中引入，并在2021年预算中详细说明。\n数字服务税将对主要企业从依赖加拿大用户参与、数据和内容贡献的数字服务中产生的某些收入按3%的税率征收。大型企业，无论本地还是国际……" }, { "date": "15 August 2021", "title": "Local content requirement draft in Canadian Broadcasting Act (Bill C-10/43. Parliament)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/BillDetails.aspx?billId=10926636&Language=E", "description": "On 15 August 2021, The Act to amend the Broadcasting Act and to make related and consequential amendments to other acts (Bill C-10) was rejected after failing to pass after the legislative session closed.\n\n\nThe Bill aims to include online undertakings in the Canadian Broadcasting act. Online undertaking means an undertaking for the transmission or retransmission of programs over the Internet for reception by the public by means of broadcasting receiving apparatus.\nUnder the Bill, the Canadian...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Local content requirement draft in Canadian Broadcasting Act (Bill C-10/43. Parliament)", "description_zh": "2021年8月15日，《修正〈广播法〉及修正其他相关法律的法案》（C-10法案）在立法会议结束后未获通过而被否决。\n\n\n该法案旨在将在线企业纳入《加拿大广播法》。在线企业是指通过互联网向公众传输或转播节目以供广播接收设备接收的企业。\n根据该法案，加拿大……" }, { "date": "28 June 2021", "title": "Data governance regulation in Canadian Digital Charter", "url": "https://www.scc.ca/en/about-scc/publications/general/canadian-data-governance-standardization-roadmap", "description": "The Standards Council of Canada published the Canadian Data Governance Standardization Roadmap. The roadmap describes the current and desired Canadian standardization landscape with 35 issues and addresses gaps and new areas where standards are needed. The recommendations include (1) Quality — establishing standardization solutions for systems and controls so that high-quality data can be achieved (2) Trust — building the foundation of trust through standardization to know that those using da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data governance regulation in Canadian Digital Charter", "description_zh": "加拿大标准委员会发布了《加拿大数据治理标准化路线图》。该路线图描述了当前和理想的加拿大标准化格局，涉及35个问题，并指出了存在差距和需要制定新标准的新领域。建议包括（1）质量——为系统和控制建立标准化解决方案，以实现高质量数据（2）信任——通过标准化建立信任基础，以了解那些使用数据的人……" }, { "date": "20 August 2021", "title": "Consultation on increased privacy protection in Alberta", "url": "https://www.alberta.ca/privacy-protection-engagement.aspx", "description": "The government of Alberta closed its consultation on increasing privacy protection on 20 August 2021. It aims to increase the protection provided by the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) and the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act (FOIP). The consultation covers the privacy rights of the population in any interaction form. Furthermore, the consultation aims to set up legal requirements regarding the handling of data and the hereby applied transparency. Finally, the c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Consultation on increased privacy protection in Alberta", "description_zh": "阿尔伯塔省政府于2021年8月20日结束了关于加强隐私保护的咨询。其旨在增加《个人信息保护法》（PIPA）和《信息获取与隐私保护法》（FOIP）提供的保护。该咨询涵盖人口在任何互动形式中的隐私权。此外，该咨询旨在就数据处理和法律要求 hereby applied transparency 建立法律要求。最后，该咨询……" }, { "date": "22 September 2023", "title": "Revision of Quebec data protection measures in projet de loi n. 64", "url": "http://m.assnat.qc.ca/fr/travaux-parlementaires/projets-loi/projet-loi-64-42-1.html", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Quebec data protection regime (projet de loi 64) is implemented. The Act introduces a new notification regime in case of data breaches. By this day, companies will have to have implemented the following obligations. Companies must set up data governance processes, enable the transfer of personal information, instruct employees about the new privacy regime and establish internal policies for the management of data. The act also specifies the cases in which a privacy a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Revision of Quebec data protection measures in projet de loi n. 64", "description_zh": "2023年9月22日，魁北克数据保护制度（第64号法案）生效。该法案引入了数据泄露情况下的新通知制度。到该日，公司将必须实施以下义务。公司必须建立数据治理流程，实现个人信息的传输，就新的隐私制度对员工进行培训，并建立数据管理的内部政策。该法案还规定了隐私评估的具体情形……" }, { "date": "2 March 2022", "title": "Content moderation obligation in proposed online harms regulation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/campaigns/harmful-online-content/what-we-heard.html", "description": "On 3 February 2022, the Canadian Government published a \"What we heard\" page outlining the submissions to the consultation on its plan to regulate social media and to combat harmful content online. The government acknowledged that respondents recognised the initiative as a priority but major concerns were voiced.\nThe government stated that submissions were mainly supportive of the regime applying to all major platforms, not applying to private and encrypted communications and telecommunicatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation obligation in proposed online harms regulation", "description_zh": "2022年2月3日，加拿大政府发布了一个“我们听到的”页面，概述了对其监管社交媒体和打击网上有害内容计划的咨询意见提交情况。政府承认受访者认识到该倡议的优先性，但也表达了重大关切。\n政府表示，提交的意见主要支持该制度适用于所有主要平台，不适用于私人和加密通信以及电信……" }, { "date": "15 August 2021", "title": "Bill amending the Criminal Code and the Canadian Human Rights Act (Bill C-36/43. Parliament)", "url": "https://parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/bill/C-36/first-reading", "description": "On 15 August 2021, Bill C-36, which intended to amend the Criminal Code to define “hatred” for the purposes of two hate propaganda offences, was rejected as the legislative session closed.\nThe Bill intended to apply to \"online communication service providers\", whereby the term was set to include major platforms. Specifically, the legislation would have intended to target five categories of harmful content: terrorist content; content that incites violence; hate speech; non-consensual sharing o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill amending the Criminal Code and the Canadian Human Rights Act (Bill C-36/43. Parliament)", "description_zh": "2021年8月15日，C-36法案（该法案拟修正《刑法》以界定两项仇恨宣传罪行的“仇恨”）因立法会议结束未获通过而被否决。\n该法案拟适用于“在线通信服务提供者”，该术语拟包括主要平台。具体而言，该立法将针对五类有害内容：恐怖主义内容；煽动暴力的内容；仇恨言论；未经同意分享……" }, { "date": "13 August 2021", "title": "Data governance requirement in Technology and Cyber Security Incident Reporting Advisory", "url": "https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/fi-if/rg-ro/gdn-ort/adv-prv/Pages/TCSIR.aspx", "description": "On 13 August 2021, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions ('OSFI') amended the Technology and Cyber Security Incident Reporting Advisory, which was originally adopted in January 2019 and came into effect in March 2019. The Advisory applies to all Federally Regulated Financial Institutions ('FRFIs') and describes OSFI's incident reporting requirements. With this Advisory the OSFI aims to have the technology or cyber security incidents reported, which have an impact, or the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data governance requirement in Technology and Cyber Security Incident Reporting Advisory", "description_zh": "2021年8月13日，金融机构监管办公室（'OSFI'）修订了《技术和网络安全事件报告咨询》，该咨询最初于2019年1月通过，并于2019年3月生效。该咨询适用于所有联邦监管金融机构（'FRFIs'），并描述了OSFI的事件报告要求。通过该咨询，OSFI旨在报告具有影响或可能影响的技术或网络安全事件……" }, { "date": "13 August 2021", "title": "Guidance on Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2021/an_210813/", "description": "Various guidance documents on data government are amended by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, to reaffirm some of the types of personal information generally considered sensitive in the context of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The updated guidance sets out that certain types of information (health and financial data, ethnic and racial origins, political opinions, genetic and biometric data, sexual orientation...) will generally be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Guidance on Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)", "description_zh": "隐私专员办公室修订了各种数据治理指南文件，以重申在《个人信息保护和电子文件法》（PIPEDA）背景下通常被视为敏感的个人信息的某些类型。更新后的指南指出，某些类型的信息（健康和财务数据、种族和民族血统、政治观点、基因和生物识别数据、性取向……）通常将被视为……" }, { "date": "22 October 2021", "title": "Digital Trade Principles released by G7 Trade Ministers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/g7-trade-ministers-digital-trade-principles", "description": "On 22 October 2021, all G7 countries agreed to the Digital Trade Principles at the G7 Trade Track. The principles concern a variety of topics, such as the openness of digital markets, including the opposition to customs duties on electronic transmissions and to digital protectionism and authoritarianism. Furthermore, the agreement supports the free flow of data across borders, condemning unjustified obstacles to cross-border data flows and the use of data localization requirements for protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital Trade Principles released by G7 Trade Ministers", "description_zh": "2021年10月22日，所有G7国家在G7贸易轨道上就《数字贸易原则》达成一致。这些原则涉及各种主题，如数字市场的开放性，包括反对对电子传输征收关税以及反对数字保护主义与威权主义。此外，该协定支持跨境数据自由流动，谴责对跨境数据流动的不合理障碍以及为保……使用数据本地化要求。" }, { "date": "27 October 2021", "title": "Regulators from the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada published guiding principles for good machine learning practices for medical devices", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/software-medical-device-samd/good-machine-learning-practice-medical-device-development-guiding-principles", "description": "On 27 October 2021, the health regulators of the United States Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, and the United Kingdom’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency published ten guiding principles for the “good machine learning practice for medical device development”. The recommendations outlined by the agencies aim to improve and ensure the safety, effectiveness and quality of the medical devices that utilize artificial intelligence and machine learning. Some of the pri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulators from the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada published guiding principles for good machine learning practices for medical devices", "description_zh": "2021年10月27日，美国食品药品监督管理局、加拿大卫生部和英国药品与医疗保健产品监管机构的卫生监管机构发布了“医疗器械良好机器学习实践”的十项指导原则。各机构概述的建议旨在改进并确保利用人工智能和机器学习的医疗器械的安全性、有效性和质量。其中一些优先……" }, { "date": "20 October 2021", "title": "Technical standards requirements in UK-Canada-Singapore (Agile Nations) Digital Health Software Devices project", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/agile-nations-work-programme-plan-2020-to-2021/agile-nations-work-programme-plan-2020-to-2021#experimental", "description": "The Digital Health Software Devices project between the United Kingdom, Canada and Singapore is launched on 20 October 2021. The project aims at an increased collaboration in the area of digital health medical devices and governance thereof. Furthermore, access to such devices as well as cooperation during the development of the devices is to be enabled. Finally, regulations shall be developed between the countries that better govern areas such as machine learning and cybersecurity. The proje...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Technical standards requirements in UK-Canada-Singapore (Agile Nations) Digital Health Software Devices project", "description_zh": "英国、加拿大和新加坡之间的数字健康软件设备项目于2021年10月20日启动。该项目旨在加强数字健康医疗器械及其治理领域的合作。此外，旨在实现此类设备的获取以及设备开发期间的合作。最后，各国之间将制定更好地治理机器学习和网络安全等领域的法规。该……" }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "Privacy Commissioner investigation into Google over alleged non-compliance with Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-businesses/2025/pipeda-2025-002/", "description": "On 27 August 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) found that Google violated the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The OPC concluded that Google should de-list certain media articles from its search results because the harm caused to the complainant’s safety and dignity outweighed the public interest in access. Google did not agree to remove the articles and argued that further direction from the courts is required before it would be appropri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Privacy Commissioner investigation into Google over alleged non-compliance with Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)", "description_zh": "2025年8月27日，隐私专员办公室（OPC）认定谷歌违反了《个人信息保护和电子文件法》（PIPEDA）。OPC得出结论，谷歌应将其搜索结果中的某些媒体文章除名，因为对投诉人安全和尊严造成的伤害超过了公众获取信息的利益。谷歌不同意删除这些文章，并认为在采取适当措施之前需要法院进一步指示……" }, { "date": "14 December 2021", "title": "Joint investigation by Canadian data protection authorities into Clearview AI regarding facial recognition", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2021/an_211214/", "description": "The data protection authorities of Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta ordered Clearview AI to comply with the recommendations issued on 2 February 2021, as a result of the joint investigation on the company. In particular, they ask Clearview to cease offering its facial recognition services in Canada, stop collecting images from Canadian individuals and delete images previously collected images and biometric facial arrays.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joint investigation by Canadian data protection authorities into Clearview AI regarding facial recognition", "description_zh": "魁北克、不列颠哥伦比亚和阿尔伯塔的数据保护当局命令Clearview AI遵守2021年2月2日因对该公司联合调查而发布的建议。特别是，他们要求Clearview停止在加拿大提供其面部识别服务，停止收集加拿大个人的图像，并删除先前收集的图像和生物识别面部阵列。" }, { "date": "25 November 2021", "title": "British Columbia: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Amendment Act (Bill 22)", "url": "https://www.leg.bc.ca/parliamentary-business/legislation-debates-proceedings/42nd-parliament/2nd-session/bills/third-reading/gov22-3", "description": "On 25 November 2021, the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Amendment Act (Bill 22) was adopted by the British Columbia Parliament, received royal assent. The entire Bill enters into force except for Sections 25 (obligations concerning privacy management programs and privacy breach notifications) and 48 (responsibilities of police chiefs), which shall be enacted by regulation of the Lieutenant Governor in Council. The Bill amends the Freedom of Information and Protection of Priv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "British Columbia: Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Amendment Act (Bill 22)", "description_zh": "2021年11月25日，不列颠哥伦比亚议会通过了《信息获取与隐私保护修正法案》（第22号法案），并获得御准。整个法案生效，但第25条（关于隐私管理计划和隐私泄露通知的义务）和第48条（警察局长职责）除外，这两条应由省督理事会法规颁布。该法案修正了《信息获取与隐私保护……" }, { "date": "15 September 2021", "title": "Initiative on fair revenue sharing between digital platforms and news media", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/news/2021/08/engaging-canadians-on-fair-revenue-sharing-between-digital-platforms-and-news-media.html", "description": "The Canadian Government closed the consultation on the initiative on \"Fair Revenue Sharing Between Digital Platforms and News Media\". The consultation sought inputs from stakeholders on policies to ensure that contributions made by digital platforms to news providers are in the public interest. In particular, the discussion document stresses the importance of acting on the declining revenues in the news sector.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Initiative on fair revenue sharing between digital platforms and news media", "description_zh": "加拿大政府结束了关于“数字平台与新闻媒体之间公平收入分享”倡议的咨询。该咨询征求利益攸关方对确保数字平台对新闻提供者的贡献符合公共利益的政策意见。特别是，讨论文件强调了针对新闻部门收入下降采取行动的重要性。" }, { "date": "15 February 2022", "title": "Centre for Cyber Security alert on critical infrastructure mitigation measures against Russian cyberthreats", "url": "https://cyber.gc.ca/en/guidance/cyber-threat-bulletin-cyber-centre-reminds-canadian-critical-infrastructure-operators", "description": "On 15 February 2022, the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security published a cyberthreat bulletin titled \"Cyber Centre reminds Canadian critical infrastructure operators to raise awareness and take mitigations against known Russian-backed cyber threat activity\". In the context of growing international tensions between Russia and Ukraine, the bulletin recommends Canadian organisations to enhance protective measures against Russian cyberthreats. In particular, the bulletin suggests to prepare the is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Centre for Cyber Security alert on critical infrastructure mitigation measures against Russian cyberthreats", "description_zh": "2022年2月15日，加拿大网络安全中心发布了一份题为“网络安全中心提醒加拿大关键基础设施运营商提高认识并采取缓解措施应对已知俄罗斯支持的网络威胁活动”的网络威胁公告。在俄罗斯与乌克兰之间国际紧张局势加剧的背景下，该公告建议加拿大组织加强对俄罗斯网络威胁的防护措施。特别是，该公告建议准备这……" }, { "date": "19 December 2023", "title": "Fair compensation requirement in Act respecting online communications platforms that make news content available to persons in Canada (Online News Act/C-18)", "url": "https://canadagazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2023/2023-09-02/html/reg1-eng.html", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the Act respecting online communications platforms that make news content available to persons in Canada (Online News Act/C-18), including fair compensation requirement, entered into force. The Act requires large platform providers to negotiate equitable agreements with media outlets that share content on their platforms and assist the media outlets within these negotiations. News organisations would be allowed to bargain collectively with the platform to establish the fe...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fair compensation requirement in Act respecting online communications platforms that make news content available to persons in Canada (Online News Act/C-18)", "description_zh": "2023年12月19日，《关于向加拿大境内人士提供新闻内容的在线通信平台法》（在线新闻法/C-18）（包括公平补偿要求）生效。该法案要求大型平台提供者与在其平台上分享内容的媒体机构谈判公平协议，并在这些谈判中协助媒体机构。新闻机构将被允许与平台集体谈判以确定费……" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "Online Streaming Act including local content requirements (Bill C-11/44. Parliament)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-11/first-reading", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11) was adopted and implemented after being passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate and receiving Royal Assent. The Bill amends the Broadcasting Act and specifies that the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) will oversee and regulate the broadcasting industry and introduces “online undertakings” as a new broadcasting category. The Bill specifies that an “online undertaking” represents an “undertaking ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Online Streaming Act including local content requirements (Bill C-11/44. Parliament)", "description_zh": "2023年4月27日，《在线流媒体法》（C-11法案）在下议院和参议院通过并获得御准后生效。该法案修正了《广播法》，并规定加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）将监督和管理广播行业，并将“在线企业”引入为新的广播类别。该法案规定，“在线企业”代表“从事……的企业”" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "User-generated content exemption requirement in Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11/44. Parliament)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-11/first-reading", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11) was implemented after being passed by the House of Commons and the Senate and receiving Royal Assent. The Bill amends the Broadcasting Act by introducing an exemption clause for user-generated content on social media platforms, to which the Act does not apply. However, the Act allows the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to employ a set of criteria to assess whether or not to impose controls on social media uploa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "User-generated content exemption requirement in Online Streaming Act (Bill C-11/44. Parliament)", "description_zh": "2023年4月27日，《在线流媒体法》（C-11法案）在下议院和参议院通过并获得御准后生效。该法案通过引入社交媒体平台上用户生成内容的豁免条款来修正《广播法》，该法案不适用于此类内容。然而，该法案允许加拿大广播电视和电信委员会采用一套标准来评估是否对社交媒体上传内容施加控制……" }, { "date": "16 October 2023", "title": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/the-forum-establishes-the-global-cooperation-arrangement-for-privacy-enforcement-cape/", "description": "On 16 October 2023, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum announced the establishment of the Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement (CAPE), a multinational initiative allowing Privacy Enforcement Authorities (PEAs) worldwide to cooperate extensively in enforcing data protection and privacy regulations, including conducting joint investigations and enforcement measures. The membership in the Global CAPE is open to all regulatory bodies globally, not restricted to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum", "description_zh": "2023年10月16日，全球跨境隐私规则（GCBPR）论坛宣布建立全球合作安排以执行隐私（CAPE），这是一项多国倡议，允许全球隐私执法机构（PEAs）在数据保护和隐私法规的执法方面开展广泛合作，包括进行联合调查和执法措施。全球CAPE的成员资格向全球所有监管机构开放，不限于……" }, { "date": "5 November 2022", "title": "G7 Joint declaration on cyber resilience of critical infrastructure", "url": "https://bmdv.bund.de/SharedDocs/DE/Anlage/K/g7-praesidentschaft-final-declaration.pdf?__blob=publicationFile", "description": "On 11 May 2022, the German government published a joint declaration of the G7 digital ministers on cyber security and resilience of critical infrastructure, following a meeting of the G7 digital ministers. The meeting focused on cybersecurity and the resilience of digital infrastructures in the context of Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine. In the declaration, the countries stressed the significance of sustainability in digitisation, the digitisation of commercial documents and safe c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Joint declaration on cyber resilience of critical infrastructure", "description_zh": "2022年5月11日，德国政府发布了G7数字部长关于关键基础设施网络安全与韧性的联合宣言，此前举行了G7数字部长会议。会议重点关注俄罗斯对乌克兰侵略战争背景下的网络安全和数字基础设施韧性。在宣言中，各国强调了数字化可持续性的重要性、商业文件的数字化以及安全……" }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27", "description": "On 16 June 2022, the Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022 was introduced in the Canadian House of Commons. The Act consists of three parts, named the Consumer Privacy Protection Act, the Personal Information and Data Protection Tribunal Act, and the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act respectively. It contains extensive regulations amending Canada's data protection regime, primarily contained in the Consumer Privacy Protection Act. The data protection regulations apply to all entities col...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data protection regulation in Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022", "description_zh": "2022年6月16日，《2022年数字宪章实施法》在加拿大下议院提出。该法案由三部分组成，分别为《消费者隐私保护法》、《个人信息和数据保护法庭法》以及《人工智能和数据法》。它包含了大量修订加拿大数据保护制度的法规，主要包含在《消费者隐私保护法》中。数据保护法规适用于所有收集……实体" }, { "date": "19 June 2022", "title": "G7 Media Ministers’ Communiqué including measures regarding digital platforms", "url": "https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/974430/2054242/f4b8f0d6a4219f08425678ddce2675b0/2022-02-19-g7-media-ministers-communiqu%C3%A9-data.pdf", "description": "On 19 June 2022, the Media Ministers of the G7 countries released a Communiqué announcing future policy cooperation, including measures regarding digital platforms. The ministers agreed to cooperate with regard to media freedom, transparency and freedom of expression and information. The Communiqué states that digital platforms have an increasingly important influence on media content, and can thus bring both innovation (e.g. enabling the exchange of opinions) and danger (e.g. hosting violent...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Media Ministers’ Communiqué including measures regarding digital platforms", "description_zh": "2022年6月19日，G7国家媒体部长发布了一份公报，宣布未来的政策合作，包括关于数字平台的措施。部长们同意在媒体自由、透明度和言论与信息自由方面开展合作。公报指出，数字平台对媒体内容的影响日益重要，因此既能带来创新（例如促进意见交流），也能带来危险（例如托管暴力……" }, { "date": "13 August 2022", "title": "Notification and Record-keeping requirements under Bill 64", "url": "https://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=1&file=105822.pdf", "description": "On 13 August 2022, the public consultation on the draft regulation issued by the Government of Quebec providing clarifications on the notification and record-keeping requirements outlined in Bill 64 closed. The draft aims to provide further guidance regarding the actions entities have to take in case they suffered from a confidentiality incident. Firstly, the entities will have to report data breaches that pose a risk of serious injury to the data holder, to the Commission on Access to Infor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Notification and Record-keeping requirements under Bill 64", "description_zh": "2022年8月13日，魁北克省政府发布的关于澄清第64号法案规定的通知和记录保存要求的法规草案的公众咨询结束。该草案旨在就实体在发生保密事件时必须采取的行动提供进一步指导。首先，实体将必须向信息获取委员会报告对数据持有者造成严重伤害风险的数据泄露……" }, { "date": "9 August 2022", "title": "G7-DPA Roundtable 2022 Communiqué promoting Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT)", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/G7/Communique-2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1", "description": "On 8 September 2022, the data protection and privacy authorities of the G7 countries issued a communiqué announcing future policy cooperation covering regulatory and technological issues related to the concept and further development of Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT). The meeting also discussed the prospects for \"international data spaces\", which can be seen as a trustworthy and voluntary exchange of data between organisations and sectors at the national or international level.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7-DPA Roundtable 2022 Communiqué promoting Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT)", "description_zh": "2022年9月8日，G7国家数据保护和隐私当局发布了一份公报，宣布未来的政策合作，涵盖与“可信数据自由流动”（DFFT）概念及进一步发展的监管和技术问题。会议还讨论了“国际数据空间”的前景，这可被视为在国家或国际层面组织和部门之间可信赖和自愿的数据交换。" }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "OSFI Guideline on Technology and Cyber Risk Management in financial sector (B13)", "url": "https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/osfi-bsif/med/Pages/b13-nr.aspx", "description": "On 1 January 2024, Guideline B-13 on Technology and Cyber Risk Management issued by the Canadian Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) is implemented. Guideline B-13 sets out OSFI's requirements on how federally-regulated financial institutions should manage technology and cybersecurity, including risks such as data breaches. The Guideline outlines three main areas for risk management, namely governance and risk management, technology operations and resilience, and cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OSFI Guideline on Technology and Cyber Risk Management in financial sector (B13)", "description_zh": "2024年1月1日，加拿大金融机构监管办公室（OSFI）发布的《技术和网络风险管理指南》（B-13指南）生效。B-13指南规定了OSFI对联邦监管金融机构应如何管理技术和网络安全（包括数据泄露等风险）的要求。该指南概述了风险管理的三个主要领域，即治理与风险管理、技术运营与韧性，以及网络……" }, { "date": "11 October 2022", "title": "Cooperation on Cyber Security for Consumer Connected Products", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-of-intent-from-the-for-agile-nations-working-group-on-cyber-security-for-consumer-connected-products", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the governments of Canada, the UK and Singapore issued a \"Joint Statement of Intent from the Agile Nations Working Group on Cyber Security for Consumer Connected Products\". The three governments seek to promote the development of international standards and industry guidance to mitigate cyber risks arising from network connectable products (Internet of Things), and ensure consumers’ security, privacy and safety. The Joint Statement promotes global alignment on best practi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cooperation on Cyber Security for Consumer Connected Products", "description_zh": "2022年11月10日，加拿大、英国和新加坡政府发布了“敏捷国家消费者联网产品网络安全工作组联合意向声明”。三国政府寻求促进国际标准和行业指南的制定，以减轻网络连接产品（物联网）带来的网络风险，并确保消费者的安全、隐私和安全。该联合声明促进在最佳实践方面的全球一致……" }, { "date": "25 November 2022", "title": "Ontario: Owsianik v. Equifax Canada concerning protection of personal information in databases", "url": "https://coadecisions.ontariocourts.ca/coa/coa/en/item/21028/index.do", "description": "On 25 November 2022, the Court of Appeal for Ontario issued its decision in the case of Owsianik v. Equifax Canada, in which a claim was brought against Equifax, a provider of financial information services, under the tort of intrusion under seclusion for failing to safeguard their database containing personal information which was later accessed by hackers. The Court dismissed the argument that the tort of intrusion should be extended to make Equifax liable for the tortious conduct of the th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ontario: Owsianik v. Equifax Canada concerning protection of personal information in databases", "description_zh": "2022年11月25日，安大略省上诉法院就Owsianik诉Equifax Canada案作出裁决，该案中，一项索赔针对金融信息服务提供者Equifax提起，指控其未能保护包含个人信息的数据库，随后该数据库被黑客访问，构成 intrusion upon seclusion 侵权。法院驳回了应将 intrusion 侵权扩展至使Equifax对第三人的侵权行为负责的论点……" }, { "date": "13 December 2022", "title": "Quebec Commission on Access to Information Report on Protection of Personal Information of Minors in the Digital Age", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/documents/CAI_R_PRP_jeunes.pdf", "description": "On 13 December 2022, the Quebec Commission on Access to Information published a report titled “Better Protecting the Personal Information of Young People in the Digital Age” which focuses on the protection of minors against the commercial exploitation of their personal information in the digital environment. The Commission found that the existing approach to the protection of minors, based on parental consent, is not sufficient and that the burden of protecting the personal information of min...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Quebec Commission on Access to Information Report on Protection of Personal Information of Minors in the Digital Age", "description_zh": "2022年12月13日，魁北克信息获取委员会发布了一份题为“在数字时代更好地保护年轻人的个人信息”的报告，重点关注保护未成年人免受数字环境中个人信息的商业剥削。委员会发现，基于父母同意的现有未成年人保护方法不足，保护未成年人个人信息的负担……" }, { "date": "22 March 2024", "title": "National Security Review of Investments Modernization Act (Bill C-34) including data sharing rules", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/c-34", "description": "On 22 March 2024, the Canadian Senate adopted a Bill amending the Investment Canada Act (ICA), known as the National Security Review of Investments Modernization Act (Bill C-34), specifically to amend national security provisions. The Bill includes measures regarding the authorisation of the sharing of information on foreign investors with international partners, allowing for the sharing of investment data with the national investment authorities of third countries to facilitate national secu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Security Review of Investments Modernization Act (Bill C-34) including data sharing rules", "description_zh": "2024年3月22日，加拿大参议院通过了一项修正《加拿大投资法》（ICA）的法案，即《投资国家安全审查现代化法》（C-34法案），专门修正国家安全条款。该法案包括关于授权与国际伙伴分享外国投资者信息的措施，允许与第三国的国家投资当局分享投资数据，以促进国家……" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Investigation into Home Depot of Canada Inc.’s compliance with PIPEDA", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/investigations/investigations-into-businesses/2023/pipeda-2023-001/", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) closed an investigation into Home Depot of Canada Inc. for alleged disclosure of customers' personal information to Facebook's Meta Platforms without obtaining proper knowledge and consent. The company had been utilizing a tool called \"Offline Conversions\" which allows businesses to measure the effectiveness of their ads on Meta. The investigation revealed that Home Depot was forwarding customers' hashed email addresse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Investigation into Home Depot of Canada Inc.’s compliance with PIPEDA", "description_zh": "2023年1月26日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）结束了对加拿大Home Depot公司涉嫌在未经适当知情和同意的情况下向Facebook的Meta Platforms披露客户个人信息的调查。该公司一直在使用一种名为“离线转化”的工具，该工具允许企业衡量其在Meta上投放广告的效果。调查显示，Home Depot正在向Meta转发客户的哈希电子邮件地址……" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Privacy protection authorities of Canada, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta's investigation into TikTok video streaming platform over privacy legislation compliance", "url": "https://www.oipc.bc.ca/documents/investigation-reports/3018", "description": "On 23 September 2025, the privacy commissioners of Canada, Québec, British Columbia and Alberta published a joint investigation report finding TikTok violated federal and provincial privacy laws through inappropriate collection of children's data and inadequate user consent practices. The investigation found TikTok removed approximately 500,000 underage Canadian accounts annually but failed to implement effective age verification beyond voluntary age gates, allowing extensive tracking and pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Privacy protection authorities of Canada, Quebec, British Columbia and Alberta's investigation into TikTok video streaming platform over privacy legislation compliance", "description_zh": "2025年9月23日，加拿大、魁北克、不列颠哥伦比亚和阿尔伯塔的隐私专员发布了一份联合调查报告，认定TikTok因不当收集儿童数据和不充分的用户同意做法而违反联邦和省级隐私法。调查发现，TikTok每年删除约50万个加拿大未成年账户，但未能实施有效的年龄验证，仅依赖自愿年龄门槛，导致大量跟踪和……" }, { "date": "20 April 2023", "title": "British Columbia Privacy Commissioner investigation into Canadian Tire Associate Dealers’ use of facial recognition technology", "url": "https://www.oipc.bc.ca/investigation-reports/3785", "description": "On 20 April 2023, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia (OIPC) released a report on its investigation into Canadian Tire Associate Dealers’ use of facial recognition technology in stores between 2018 and 2021. In particular, the OIPC found that four Canadian Tire stores in British Columbia contravened the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) by failing to notify people entering the store on the use of facial recognition technology, failing to demons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "British Columbia Privacy Commissioner investigation into Canadian Tire Associate Dealers’ use of facial recognition technology", "description_zh": "2023年4月20日，不列颠哥伦比亚信息和隐私专员办公室（OIPC）发布了关于Canadian Tire联合经销商在2018年至2021年期间在门店使用面部识别技术的调查报告。特别是，OIPC发现不列颠哥伦比亚的四家Canadian Tire门店违反了《个人信息保护法》（PIPA），未能通知进入门店的人关于面部识别技术的使用，未能展示……" }, { "date": "21 April 2023", "title": "OSFI Intelligence-led Cyber Resilience Testing (I-CRT) Framework", "url": "https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/Eng/fi-if/rg-ro/gdn-ort/adv-prv/Pages/icrt-tcfr.aspx", "description": "On 21 April 2023, Canada's Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) issued a guideline for the financial sector to increase its cyber resilience. The guideline delves into a detailed methodology on how to conduct intelligence-led cyber resilience testing (I-CRT). The purpose of the I-CRT is to diligently identify the weaknesses and existing cyber controls of Federally Regulated Financial Institutions (FRFI). The I-CRT results are intended to enable FRFIs to improve their ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OSFI Intelligence-led Cyber Resilience Testing (I-CRT) Framework", "description_zh": "2023年4月21日，加拿大金融机构监管办公室（OSFI）发布了一项旨在提高金融行业网络韧性的指南。该指南深入介绍了如何进行情报主导的网络韧性测试（I-CRT）的详细方法。I-CRT的目的是认真识别联邦监管金融机构（FRFI）的弱点和现有网络控制措施。I-CRT结果旨在使FRFI能够改进其……" }, { "date": "16 March 2024", "title": "Institutional Arrangement for Partnership to facilitate the Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT)", "url": "https://www.g7italy.it/wp-content/uploads/G7-Industry-Tech-and-Digital-Ministerial-Declaration-Annexes-1.pdf", "description": "On 16 March 2024, the Industry, Tech and Digital Ministers of the G7 issued a ministerial declaration. Among various other issues, the declaration reaffirmed the G7's commitment to operationalising Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT), supporting the advances made by the DFFT Expert Community at the OECD, and calling for updates on next steps. G7 Ministers wish to further promote DFFT and welcome knowledge sharing amongst G7 data protection authorities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Institutional Arrangement for Partnership to facilitate the Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT)", "description_zh": "2024年3月16日，G7工业、技术和数字部长发布了一份部长级宣言。除其他各种问题外，该宣言重申了G7对运作“可信数据自由流动”（DFFT）的承诺，支持经合组织DFFT专家社区取得的进展，并呼吁更新下一步行动。G7部长们希望进一步促进DFFT，并欢迎G7数据保护当局之间的知识共享。" }, { "date": "12 June 2023", "title": "G7 Action Plan for promoting global interoperability between tools for trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/12/06/g7-leaders-statement-6/", "description": "On 6 December 2023, the Group of Seven (G7) adopted a statement affirming their commitment to advancing international discussions on inclusive artificial intelligence (AI) governance and promoting interoperability between various AI governance frameworks. The statement aims to realise a shared vision and goal of trustworthy AI, recognising that the specifics of this vision may vary among G7 members. The overarching objective, however, is to achieve safe, secure, and trustworthy AI in alignme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Action Plan for promoting global interoperability between tools for trustworthy AI", "description_zh": "2023年12月6日，七国集团（G7）通过了一项声明，确认其致力于推进关于包容性人工智能（AI）治理的国际讨论，并促进各种人工智能治理框架之间的互操作性。该声明旨在实现可信赖人工智能的共同愿景和目标，认识到这一愿景的具体内容可能因G7成员而异。然而，总体目标是实现安全、可靠和可信赖的人工智能，与……保持一致" }, { "date": "7 January 2020", "title": "Cross-border data transfer measures in USMCA", "url": "https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/FTA/USMCA/Text/19-Digital-Trade.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2020, the Agreement between the United States of America, Mexico, and Canada entered into force, after the last ratification of Canada on March 13, 2020. Article 19.11 establishes that no Party shall restrict the cross-border transfer of information, including personal information, except in the cases where it is necessary to achieve a \"legitimate public policy objective\". However, such measures shall be proportionate to the objective and not constitute arbitrary or unjustifiable di...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cross-border data transfer measures in USMCA", "description_zh": "2020年7月1日，《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》在加拿大于2020年3月13日最后批准后生效。第19.11条规定，任何一方不得限制信息的跨境传输，包括个人信息，除非为实现“合法的公共政策目标”所必需。然而，此类措施应与目标成比例，且不构成任意或不合理的歧……" }, { "date": "31 October 2023", "title": "Guidelines on Criteria for Validity of Consent", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/criteres-de-validite-du-consentement-la-commission-adopte-ses-lignes-directrices/", "description": "On 31 October 2023, the Quebec Commission on Access to Information (CAI) published the final Guidelines on Criteria for Validity of Consent, based on the provisions of Bill 25. The guidelines clarify the obligations of data controllers and processors regarding obtaining consent from data subjects. The guidelines set out the parameters of each criterion of effective consent, including the requirements that consent be free, clear, and specific. The guidelines emphasise the importance of obtain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidelines on Criteria for Validity of Consent", "description_zh": "2023年10月31日，魁北克信息获取委员会（CAI）根据第25号法案的规定发布了最终的《同意有效性标准指南》。该指南澄清了数据控制者和处理者在获取数据主体同意方面的义务。该指南列出了有效同意的各项标准的参数，包括同意必须自愿、明确和具体的要求。该指南强调了获得……的重要性" }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "Local content requirements for online streaming services in modernisation of Canadian broadcasting system (Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 2024-121-1)", "url": "https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2024/2024-121-1.htm", "description": "On 1 September 2024, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission’s (CRTC) regulatory policy on local content requirements for e-commerce platforms and streaming service providers entered into force. The regulatory policy forms part of the CRTC's mandate to ensure that all sectors contributing to the Canadian broadcasting system, including new digital entrants, provide support for Canadian and Indigenous content. The regulatory policy requires these services to contribute a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Local content requirements for online streaming services in modernisation of Canadian broadcasting system (Broadcasting Regulatory Policy 2024-121-1)", "description_zh": "2024年9月1日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）关于电子商务平台 and streaming service providers 本地内容要求的监管政策生效。该监管政策是CRTC确保所有为加拿大广播系统做出贡献的部门（包括新的数字进入者）支持加拿大和原住民内容使命的一部分。该监管政策要求这些服务提供……" }, { "date": "25 June 2023", "title": "Guidelines on the criteria for the validity of consent with regard to the protection of personal information", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/consultation-concernant-les-lignes-directrices-validite-consentement-protection-renseignements-personnels/", "description": "On 25 June 2023, the public consultation closed on the Commission d'accès à l'information (CAI) guidelines on the criteria for the validity of consent with regard to the protection of personal information. The consultation is part of new provisions of the Access Act and the Privacy Act, which will enter into force in September 2023. The guidelines aim to clarify new obligations, noting that as of 22 September 2023, organisations will need to adhere to them when obtaining consent, particularly...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Guidelines on the criteria for the validity of consent with regard to the protection of personal information", "description_zh": "2023年6月25日，关于信息获取委员会（CAI）关于个人信息保护中同意有效性标准的指南的公众咨询结束。该咨询是《信息获取法》和《隐私法》新条款的一部分，这些条款将于2023年9月生效。该指南旨在澄清新的义务，指出自2023年9月22日起，组织在获取同意时将需要遵守这些义务，特别是……" }, { "date": "8 April 2023", "title": "Guideline on protecting information and data when using applications", "url": "https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/protecting-your-information-and-data-when-using-applications-itsap40200", "description": "On 4 August 2023, the Canadian Center for Cybersecurity (CCCS) published a guideline on protecting information and data when using applications. The Guideline discusses that applications (apps) are software programs that offer various functionalities on devices such as smartphones, computers, and tablets but also pose privacy risks due to potential data collection. This Guidance aims to help individuals and organisations minimise personal and corporate data shared with applications, noting th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guideline on protecting information and data when using applications", "description_zh": "2023年8月4日，加拿大网络安全中心（CCCS）发布了关于使用应用程序时保护信息和数据的指南。该指南指出，应用程序（apps）是在智能手机、电脑和平板电脑等设备上提供各种功能的软件程序，但也因潜在的数据收集而带来隐私风险。该指南旨在帮助个人和组织最小化与应用程序共享的个人和企业数据，指出……" }, { "date": "24 August 2023", "title": "CRTC framework for negotiations between Canadian news publishers and online platforms", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/radio-television-telecommunications/news/2023/08/crtc-announces-plan-to-implement-online-news-act.html", "description": "On 24 August 2023, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) released its plan for establishing a framework to facilitate fair negotiations between news organisations in Canada and the largest online platforms. This framework is a part of implementing Canada's Online News Act, for which the CRTC has been assigned the task of finalising rules and serving as the overseeing authority for negotiations between Canadian news publishers and online platforms. The Canada's...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CRTC framework for negotiations between Canadian news publishers and online platforms", "description_zh": "2023年8月24日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）发布了其计划，旨在建立一个框架，以促进加拿大新闻机构与最大在线平台之间的公平谈判。该框架是实施加拿大《在线新闻法》的一部分，CRTC被指派负责最终确定规则并作为加拿大新闻发布商与在线平台之间谈判的监督机构。加拿大……" }, { "date": "20 December 2023", "title": "Regulations to implement the Online News Act (Bill C-18)", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/online-news/application-exemption-regulations.html", "description": "On 20 December 2023, the Online News Act (Bill C-18) Application and Exemption Regulations came into force. The regulations lay out the criteria for platforms subject to the Act. In particular, they must achieve a global revenue of at least CAD 1 billion per year, \"operate in a search engine or social media market involving the distribution and access of online news content in Canada\", and \"operate in a strategic market identified above and have 20 million or more Canadian average monthly uni...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Regulations to implement the Online News Act (Bill C-18)", "description_zh": "2023年12月20日，《在线新闻法》（C-18法案）适用与豁免条例生效。该条例列出了受该法案约束的平台标准。特别是，这些平台必须实现每年至少10亿加元的全球收入，“在涉及加拿大境内在线新闻内容分发和获取的搜索引擎或社交媒体市场中运营”，以及“在上述确定的市场中运营，并拥有2,000万或更多的加拿大月均独立……" }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "Pre-market guidance for machine learning-enabled medical devices", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/medical-devices/application-information/guidance-documents/pre-market-guidance-machine-learning-enabled-medical-devices.html", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the Government of Canada published the Draft Pre-market guidance for machine learning-enabled medical devices. The draft provides guidance on machine learning-enabled medical devices (MLMDs), which are medical devices that employ machine learning algorithms, and emphasises the importance of transparency in conveying information about the device to stakeholders. Specifically, the guidance is intended for manufacturers submitting new or amendment applications for MLMDs. The g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pre-market guidance for machine learning-enabled medical devices", "description_zh": "2023年8月30日，加拿大政府发布了《机器学习医疗器械上市前指南》草案。该草案为采用机器学习算法的医疗器械（MLMDs）提供指南，并强调向利益攸关方传达设备信息透明度的的重要性。具体而言，该指南适用于提交MLMD新申请或修正案申请的制造商。该……" }, { "date": "20 September 2023", "title": "Global Declaration on Information Integrity Online", "url": "https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2023/09/20/canada-and-the-netherlands-launch-the-global-declaration-on-information-integrity-online", "description": "On 20 September 2023, Canada and the Netherlands announced the launch of the “Global Declaration on Information Integrity Online”. This initiative aims to address the erosion of information integrity and combat disinformation in the digital age, serving as a framework and guide for governments to uphold information integrity online, including government engagement with private industries. Notably, the initiative seeks to enhance responses to the opportunities and challenges posed by generativ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Global Declaration on Information Integrity Online", "description_zh": "2023年9月20日，加拿大和荷兰宣布启动“全球在线信息完整性宣言”。该倡议旨在应对数字时代信息完整性的侵蚀并打击虚假信息，作为政府维护在线信息完整性的框架和指南，包括政府与私营产业的互动。值得注意的是，该倡议寻求加强对生成式……带来的机遇和挑战的应对" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2024/05/eight-organizations-to-join-canadas-voluntary-ai-code-of-conduct.html", "description": "On 27 May 2024, the Canadian Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry announced additional commitments to the “Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems”. The Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry announced that eight further companies have made a voluntary commitment to the Code of Conduct, namely Alloprof, Kyndryl, Lenovo, Levio, MaRS Discovery District, Mastercard, Organisme d'autoréglementation du courtage immobili...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems", "description_zh": "2024年5月27日，加拿大创新、科学和工业部长宣布对《先进生成式人工智能系统负责任开发和管理自愿行为守则》作出额外承诺。创新、科学和工业部长宣布，另有八家公司自愿承诺遵守该行为守则，即Alloprof、Kyndryl、Lenovo、Levio、MaRS Discovery District、Mastercard、Organisme d'autoréglementation du courtage immobili……" }, { "date": "17 October 2023", "title": "Resolution on Putting best interests of young people at the forefront of privacy and access to personal information", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/an_231017/", "description": "On 17 October 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) published two companion pieces to the Resolution of the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Privacy Commissioners and Ombuds with Responsibility for Privacy Oversight regarding young people and the access to personal information. The first document provides additional information and guidance for organisations to address the principles contained in the Resolution for protecting children. The second document offers guid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Resolution on Putting best interests of young people at the forefront of privacy and access to personal information", "description_zh": "2023年10月17日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）发布了关于联邦、省和地区隐私专员和负责隐私监督的监察员关于年轻人和获取个人信息决议的两份配套文件。第一份文件为组织提供了额外的信息和指导，以落实决议中包含的保护儿童的原则。第二份文件提供了……指导" }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "Resolution on Protecting Employee Privacy in the Modern Workplace", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/what-we-do/provincial-and-territorial-collaboration/joint-resolutions-with-provinces-and-territories/res_231005_02/", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) published the Resolution of the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Privacy Commissioners and Ombuds with Responsibility for Privacy Oversight regarding the Protection of Employee Privacy. In response to the rise in use of employee monitoring technologies, the Resolutions call for the recognition and protection of employee privacy rights, addressing legislative gaps, enhancing existing privacy laws, and prohibiting inap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Resolution on Protecting Employee Privacy in the Modern Workplace", "description_zh": "2023年10月5日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）发布了关于保护现代工作场所员工隐私的联邦、省和地区隐私专员和负责隐私监督的监察员决议。为应对员工监控技术使用的增加，该决议呼吁承认和保护员工隐私权，解决立法空白，加强现有隐私法律，并禁止不适当的……" }, { "date": "8 January 2023", "title": "Strengthening Canada's Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Regime", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/fin/consultations/2023/Consultation-amlatfr-rclrpcfat-eng.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2023, the Government of Canada closed its consultation on strengthening Canada's Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Regime. Among other topics, the consultation addresses money laundering and terrorist financing risks posed by new financial technologies dealing in cryptocurrencies, including technologies such as crypto-mixers and crypto-tumblers, decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the metaverse, financial technology (Fintech), privacy-enhanci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Strengthening Canada's Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorist Financing Regime", "description_zh": "2023年8月1日，加拿大政府结束了关于加强加拿大反洗钱和反恐融资制度的咨询。除其他主题外，该咨询涉及加密货币交易的新金融技术带来的洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险，包括加密混合器和加密滚筒等技术、去中心化金融（DeFi）、非同质化代币（NFTs）、元宇宙、金融科技（Fintech）、隐私增强……" }, { "date": "8 November 2025", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner guidance for processing biometrics for businesses under Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/privacy-topics/health-genetic-and-other-body-information/biometrics/gd_bio_org-final/", "description": "On 11 August 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) released the Guidance for processing biometrics for businesses under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). The guidance provides private-sector organisations with requirements for the collection, use, disclosure, retention, and safeguarding of biometric information. The guidance defines biometric technology, including physiological and behavioural biometrics, and outlines privacy obl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner guidance for processing biometrics for businesses under Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act", "description_zh": "2025年8月11日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）发布了《根据〈个人信息保护和电子文件法〉处理生物识别信息商业指南》。该指南为私营部门组织提供了收集、使用、披露、保留和保护生物识别信息的要求。该指南定义了生物识别技术，包括生理和行为生物识别，并概述了隐私义务……" }, { "date": "16 October 2023", "title": "Canada-Philippines MoU on Cooperation in the Regulation of Laws Protecting Personal Data", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/about-the-opc/what-we-do/international-collaboration/international-memorandums-of-understanding/mou-philippines/", "description": "On 16 October 2023, the National Privacy Commission of the Philippines (NPC) and the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (PCC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Cooperation in the Regulation of Laws Protecting Personal Data. The parties intend to collaborate on personal data protection including through the exchange of information in investigations into suspected contraventions of privacy and data protection legislation, as well as coordinating and providing mutual assistance. Addition...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada-Philippines MoU on Cooperation in the Regulation of Laws Protecting Personal Data", "description_zh": "2023年10月16日，菲律宾国家隐私委员会（NPC）和加拿大隐私专员（PCC）签署了关于在个人数据保护法规监管方面合作的谅解备忘录（MoU）。双方打算就个人数据保护开展合作，包括在涉嫌违反隐私和数据保护法规的调查中进行信息交换，以及协调和提供相互协助。此外……" }, { "date": "11 August 2023", "title": "G7 Competition Authorities communique on digital competition including commitment to address competition concerns arising from emerging technologies", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Publikation/EN/Others/G7_2023_Communique.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2", "description": "On 8 November 2023, the Competition Authorities and policymakers from the Group of Seven (G7) issued a communique on digital competition including a commitment to address concerns arising from emerging technologies following the Competition Policy Makers and Enforcers Summit. The summit focused on discussions about competition within digital markets, aiming to foster competitive markets and effective enforcement of competition laws. Within the communique, emphasis was placed on the significan...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Competition Authorities communique on digital competition including commitment to address competition concerns arising from emerging technologies", "description_zh": "2023年11月8日，七国集团（G7）竞争当局和决策者在竞争政策制定者和执法者峰会后发布了一份关于数字竞争的公报，其中包括承诺解决新兴技术带来的竞争关切。峰会重点讨论了数字市场中的竞争，旨在培育竞争性市场和有效执行竞争法。在公报中，重点强调了……" }, { "date": "22 November 2023", "title": "Sustainable and Equitable Broadcasting Regulatory Framework under the Online Streaming Act", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/services/culture/arts-media/broadcasting/directions-crtc.html", "description": "On 22 November 2023, the directions adopted by the Government of Canada to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to establish a sustainable and equitable broadcasting regulatory framework entered into force. The CRTC must consider and support Indigenous peoples' ability to create and produce programs, access those programs, and ownership and control of broadcasting undertakings. In addition, the CRTC is directed to impose requirements on broadcasting undertaki...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sustainable and Equitable Broadcasting Regulatory Framework under the Online Streaming Act", "description_zh": "2023年11月22日，加拿大政府向加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）发出的关于建立可持续和公平的广播监管框架的指示生效。CRTC必须考虑并支持原住民创造和制作节目、获取这些节目以及拥有和控制广播企业的能力。此外，CRTC被指示对广播企业施加要求……" }, { "date": "29 June 2025", "title": "Digital services tax (in Budget Implementation Bill (C-59))", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/06/canada-rescinds-digital-services-tax-to-advance-broader-trade-negotiations-with-the-united-states.html", "description": "On 29 June 2025, the Department of Finance Canada announced the repeal of the Digital Services Tax (DST), to support the economic and security negotiations with the United States. It was highlighted that the scheduled collection of tax revenues by 30 June 2025 will be halted, and legislation to formally rescind the Digital Services Tax Act will be introduced. The Budget Implementation Bill enacted a digital services tax on large digital corporations, including revenue from online marketplaces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Digital services tax (in Budget Implementation Bill (C-59))", "description_zh": "2025年6月29日，加拿大财政部宣布废除数字服务税（DST），以支持与美国进行的经济和安全谈判。强调原定于2025年6月30日前征收的税款将停止，并将提出正式撤销《数字服务税法》的立法。《预算实施法》对大型数字公司（包括在线市场收入……）征收了数字服务税" }, { "date": "18 December 2023", "title": "Guideline for the creation of a confidentiality policy", "url": "https://www.cai.gouv.qc.ca/politiques-de-confidentialite/", "description": "On 18 December 2023, the Access to Information Commission adopted an explanatory guide for companies on the creation of a confidentiality policy. As of 22 September 2023, all businesses that collect personal information through technological means must create a confidentiality policy. The guideline addresses key aspects such as the definition of a privacy policy, its publication requirements, and what it should contain. It emphasises that a privacy policy is distinct from governance policies,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guideline for the creation of a confidentiality policy", "description_zh": "2023年12月18日，信息获取委员会通过了一份关于公司制定保密政策 explanatory guide。自2023年9月22日起，所有通过技术手段收集个人信息的企业必须制定保密政策。该指南涉及关键方面，如隐私政策的定义、发布要求及其应包含的内容。它强调隐私政策不同于治理政策，……" }, { "date": "14 November 2023", "title": "Working for Workers Four Act (Bill 149)", "url": "https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-149", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the Working for Workers Four Act (Bill 149) was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario. The Bill proposes to amend the Employment Standards Act of 2000 to require employers to inform job applicants for a publicly advertised job if they make use of artificial intelligence to screen, assess, or select applicants.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Working for Workers Four Act (Bill 149)", "description_zh": "2023年11月14日，《为工人服务四法案》（第149号法案）在安大略省立法议会提出。该法案拟修正《2000年就业标准法》，要求雇主在公开招聘中告知求职者，如果使用人工智能筛选、评估或选择申请人。" }, { "date": "1 November 2024", "title": "Civil lawsuit against Google over the collection and storage of facial biometric data (Situmorang v Google LLC)", "url": "https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/ca/24/00/2024BCCA0009.htm", "description": "On 11 January 2024, the Canadian Court of Appeal for British Columbia issued its ruling regarding an appeal of the order of the Supreme Court of British Columbia from 24 November 2022 in the civil lawsuit against Google LLC (Google) over the collection and storage of facial biometric data. In particular, Yeremia Situmorang filed a class action lawsuit against Google, alleging that Google used facial recognition technology in its Google Photos app to collect and store facial biometric data of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Civil lawsuit against Google over the collection and storage of facial biometric data (Situmorang v Google LLC)", "description_zh": "2024年1月11日，不列颠哥伦比亚省上诉法院就针对谷歌公司（Google）收集和存储面部生物识别数据的民事诉讼上诉作出裁决，该上诉针对不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院2022年11月24日的命令。特别是，Yeremia Situmorang对谷歌提起集体诉讼，指控谷歌在其Google Photos应用中使用面部识别技术收集和存储……的面部生物识别数据" }, { "date": "18 April 2023", "title": "Protecting Young Persons from Exposure to Pornography Act (S-210)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/44-1/s-210", "description": "On 18 April 2023, the Senate of Canada passed the Protecting Young Persons from Exposure to Pornography Act (S-210). The Act requires age verification for access to sexually explicit material online, and it would restrict access to such material for individuals under 18 years of age. The Act also establishes penalties for organisations that violate this requirement, with fines up to CAD 250'000 for a first offence and up to CAD 500'000 for subsequent offences. The Act stipulates that it is no...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Protecting Young Persons from Exposure to Pornography Act (S-210)", "description_zh": "2023年4月18日，加拿大参议院通过了《保护未成年人免受色情内容侵害法》（S-210）。该法案要求对访问在线色情内容进行年龄验证，并限制18岁以下个人访问此类内容。该法案还规定了违反此要求的组织的处罚，初犯罚款最高可达250,000加元，后续违法行为最高可达500,000加元。该法案规定，这是不……" }, { "date": "26 February 2024", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Online Harms Act (C-63/44)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/44-1/C-63", "description": "On 26 February 2024, the Act to enact the Online Harms Act, to amend the Criminal Code, and the Canadian Human Rights Act (C-63/44), including data protection regulation, was introduced into the Parliament of Canada. The Act imposes a duty on social media service operators to maintain records necessary to determine compliance with the Act. Accredited organisations conducting research or educational, advocacy, or awareness activities related to the Act's objectives may access electronic data s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data Protection Regulation in Online Harms Act (C-63/44)", "description_zh": "2024年2月26日，《在线危害法》、修正《刑法》和《加拿大人权法》的法案（C-63/44）（包括数据保护法规）被提交加拿大议会。该法案对社交媒体服务运营商施加义务，要求其保存确定合规性所必需的记录。经认可的从事与该法案目标相关的研究或教育、倡导或提高认识活动的组织可以访问电子数据……" }, { "date": "14 June 2021", "title": "OPC Inquiry into Protection of Privacy and Reputation on Platforms such as Pornhub", "url": "https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/432/ETHI/Reports/RP11148202/ethirp03/ethirp03-e.pdf", "description": "On 14 June 2021, the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics of the House of Commons of Canada issued a report following alleged non-compliance with the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) by Aylo (formerly MindGeek), the parent company of website operators such as Pornhub and Youporn. The report outlines 14 recommendations, including but not limited to holding online platforms liable for failure to prevent the upload or the timely del...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OPC Inquiry into Protection of Privacy and Reputation on Platforms such as Pornhub", "description_zh": "2021年6月14日，加拿大众议院信息获取、隐私和伦理常设委员会发布了一份报告，此前Aylo（原MindGeek）被指控违反《个人信息保护和电子文件法》（PIPEDA），Aylo是Pornhub和Youporn等网站运营商的母公司。该报告概述了14项建议，包括但不限于追究在线平台未能防止上传或及时删除……的责任" }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "Framework for bargaining and complaint of unfair treatment processes under Online News Act", "url": "https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2024/2024-327.htm", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) adopted its Framework for bargaining and complaint of unfair treatment processes under the Online News Act (formerly Bill C-18). The Online News Act mandates that online platforms negotiate compensation with eligible Canadian news businesses for the news content they host. The CRTC is responsible for overseeing these negotiations, handling complaints about unfair practices, and collecting data to monit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Framework for bargaining and complaint of unfair treatment processes under Online News Act", "description_zh": "2024年12月12日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）通过了《在线新闻法》（原C-18法案）下的谈判和 unfair treatment 投诉程序框架。《在线新闻法》要求在线平台就其在平台上托管的新闻内容与符合条件的加拿大新闻企业进行谈判补偿。CRTC负责监督这些谈判、处理关于不公平行为的投诉，并收集数据以监……" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Canadian Privacy Regulator's assessment of Airbnb's surveillance policy", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_20240313/", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, along with the Information and Privacy Commissioners of British Columbia and Alberta and the interim President of the Office of the Information Commissioner of Quebec, adopted a joint statement endorsing Airbnb's decision to revise its global policy on the use of security cameras in rental accommodations. The new policy prohibits the use of indoor security cameras in all Airbnb listings, introduces more comprehensive rules for outdoor secu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canadian Privacy Regulator's assessment of Airbnb's surveillance policy", "description_zh": "2024年3月13日，加拿大隐私专员以及不列颠哥伦比亚和阿尔伯塔的信息与隐私专员和魁北克信息专员办公室临时主席通过了一份联合声明，支持Airbnb修订其在全球租赁住房中使用安全摄像头的政策。新政策禁止在所有Airbnb房源中使用室内安全摄像头，引入了更全面的室外安全规则……" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Inquiry into potential for radicalisation to violence across gaming platforms", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2024/03/government-of-canada-announces-funding-to-study-potential-for-radicalization-to-violence-across-gaming-platforms0.html", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the Canadian Ministry of Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs announced an inquiry concerning potentially harmful socialisation processes on gaming platforms. The project aims to ensure the safety of users on gaming and gaming-adjacent platforms and inform preventative measures to counter abuse on such platforms.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Inquiry into potential for radicalisation to violence across gaming platforms", "description_zh": "2024年3月13日，加拿大公共安全、民主机构和政府间事务部宣布了一项关于游戏平台上潜在有害社会化过程的调查。该项目旨在确保游戏和游戏相关平台用户的安全，并为预防此类平台滥用行为的措施提供信息。" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum System Program Requirements and Intake Questionnaire", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/ph-promotes-global-cooperation-on-cross-border-data-protection-and-privacy-enforcement/", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum published a questionnaire with the certification requirements for recognised accountability agents to assess companies seeking certification for the CBPR system. The questions include whether the applicant provides clear and easily accessible statements about their practices and policies that govern the collection, handling, and sharing of personal information. Further, the document includes information to be provided regar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (GCBPR) Forum System Program Requirements and Intake Questionnaire", "description_zh": "2024年4月30日，全球跨境隐私规则（GCBPR）论坛发布了一份问卷，其中包含经认可的问责代理评估寻求CBPR体系认证公司的认证要求。问题包括申请人是否就收集、处理和共享个人信息的做法和政策提供清晰且易于获取的声明。此外，该文件还包括关于……的信息" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Bill to protect children's privacy and data in provincial settings", "url": "https://news.ontario.ca/en/release/1004565/ontario-strengthening-safeguards-for-childrens-personal-information", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the Minister of Public and Business Service Delivery announced the Canadian government's intention to introduce a Bill to protect children’s privacy and data in provincial settings. The Bill aims to address the increasing risks children face online by establishing age-appropriate technology standards in educational settings and implementing controls on data sharing and targeted marketing. In particular, the Bill would establish standards and criteria for software procurement to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill to protect children's privacy and data in provincial settings", "description_zh": "2024年5月9日，公共和商业服务 delivery 部长宣布加拿大政府打算提出一项法案，以保护省级环境中儿童的隐私和数据。该法案旨在通过在教育环境中建立适合年龄的技术标准以及对数据共享和定向营销实施控制，来解决儿童在线面临的日益增长的风险。特别是，该法案将为软件采购建立标准和标准……" }, { "date": "14 May 2024", "title": "Joint Cybersecurity Guidance to High-Risk Community Entities", "url": "https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/news-events/mitigating-cyber-threats-with-limited-resources-guidance-civil-society", "description": "On 14 May 2024, the Canadian Center for Cybersecurity (CCCS), alongside a number of other national agencies from the United States, Estonia, Japan, Finland, and the UK, issued the Joint Cybersecurity Guidance to High-Risk Community Entities addressed to civil society organisations and individuals, particularly those advocating for human rights and democracy. The Joint Guidance includes examples of cyber attacks, prevention measures to mitigate state-sponsored cyber operations and recommendati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joint Cybersecurity Guidance to High-Risk Community Entities", "description_zh": "2024年5月14日，加拿大网络安全中心（CCCS）与美国、爱沙尼亚、日本、芬兰和英国等其他几个国家机构联合发布了《面向高风险社区实体的联合网络安全指南》，面向民间社会组织和个人，特别是那些倡导人权和民主的组织。该联合指南包括网络攻击示例、缓解国家支持的网络行动的预防措施以及建议……" }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "OPC and OIPC BC investigation into Certn (Canada) Inc. over background screening practices", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/an_240604/", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) and the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia (OIPC BC) announced a joint investigation into Certn (Canada) Inc., a company providing online and automated background check services across Canada, including tenant screening for landlords. The investigation aims to evaluate Certn’s adherence to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act at the federal level and the Personal Information Protection ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OPC and OIPC BC investigation into Certn (Canada) Inc. over background screening practices", "description_zh": "2024年6月4日，加拿大隐私专员（OPC）和不列颠哥伦比亚信息隐私专员（OIPC BC）宣布对Certn（加拿大）公司开展联合调查，该公司在加拿大提供在线和自动化背景调查服务，包括为房东提供的租户筛选。该调查旨在评估Certn在联邦层面遵守《个人信息保护和电子文件法》以及在不列颠哥伦比亚省遵守《个人信息保护法……》的情况" }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "Connected Care for Canadians Act (C-72)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-72/first-reading", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the Connected Care for Canadians Act (Bill C-72) was introduced in the Canadian Parliament. The Bill aims to provide Canadians with secure access to their health data, facilitating improved decision-making and care from health providers. It mandates IT companies in the digital health services sector in Canada to adopt common standards for protected, secure and interoperable information exchange. The Bill seeks to ensure the secure sharing of health information across differen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Connected Care for Canadians Act (C-72)", "description_zh": "2024年6月6日，《加拿大人互联护理法》（C-72法案）在加拿大议会提出。该法案旨在为加拿大人提供安全访问其健康数据的途径，促进卫生服务提供者改进决策和护理。它要求加拿大数字健康服务领域的IT公司采用通用标准，以实现受保护、安全和可互操作的信息交换。该法案寻求确保跨不同……的安全健康信息共享" }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada and UK Information Commissioner's Office joint investigation into 23andMe's compliance with cybersecurity regulations", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/06/23andme-fined-for-failing-to-protect-uk-users-genetic-data/", "description": "On 17 June 2025, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) concluded their joint investigation into 23andMe’s compliance with cybersecurity regulations, following a data breach reported in October 2023. The investigation found that 23andMe failed to implement effective breach prevention mechanisms. It did not require multi-factor authentication, had inadequate minimum password standards, and failed to check whether users’ credent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada and UK Information Commissioner's Office joint investigation into 23andMe's compliance with cybersecurity regulations", "description_zh": "2025年6月17日，英国信息专员办公室（ICO）和加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）结束了对23andMe遵守网络安全法规的联合调查，此前该公司在2023年10月报告了数据泄露事件。调查发现，23andMe未能实施有效的泄露预防机制。它未要求多因素身份验证，最低密码标准不足，且未检查用户凭证是否……" }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "Measures regarding worker protection regulation in G7 Apulia Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/06/14/g7-leaders-statement-8/", "description": "On 14 June 2024, the Leaders of the Group of Seven (G7) adopted a declaration following the meeting from Apulia, which includes measures and commitments regarding worker protection regulation in the context of artificial intelligence (AI). The declaration outlines an action plan to ensure AI enables increased productivity, quality jobs, and decent work, empowers workers, promotes inclusiveness and equal opportunities, and enhances active labour market policies. The parties agreed to adopt act...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Measures regarding worker protection regulation in G7 Apulia Declaration", "description_zh": "2024年6月14日，七国集团（G7）领导人在阿普利亚会议后通过了一份宣言，其中包括在人工智能（AI）背景下关于工人保护监管的措施和承诺。该宣言概述了一项行动计划，以确保人工智能能够提高生产力、高质量就业和体面工作，赋权工人，促进包容性和平等机会，并加强积极的劳动力市场政策。各方同意采取……" }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "Measures regarding Artificial Intelligence, Science, Technology, and Innovation in G7 Apulia Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/06/14/g7-leaders-statement-8/", "description": "On 14 June 2024, the Leaders of the Group of Seven (G7) adopted a declaration following the meeting from Apulia, which includes measures and commitments regarding artificial intelligence (AI), science, technology, and innovation to enhance interoperability amongst their AI governance approaches. The declaration aims to promote transparency and accountability in AI development and deployment and includes commitments from the parties to improve coordination around the evolution of governance an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Measures regarding Artificial Intelligence, Science, Technology, and Innovation in G7 Apulia Declaration", "description_zh": "2024年6月14日，七国集团（G7）领导人在阿普利亚会议后通过了一份宣言，其中包括关于人工智能（AI）、科学、技术和创新的措施和承诺，以增强其人工智能治理方法之间的互操作性。该宣言旨在促进人工智能开发和部署中的透明度和问责制，并包括各方承诺改善围绕治理演变……的协调" }, { "date": "20 June 2024", "title": "Bill amending Digital Charter Implementation Act (Budget Implementation Act/C-69)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/44-1/C-69", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Bill amending the Digital Charter Implementation Act (Bill C-27) received royal assent. The Digital Charter Implementation Act is still under deliberation, and the Bill will come into effect if the Digital Charter Implementation Act itself receives royal assent. The Bill was included as section 350 of the Act to implement certain provisions of the budget (C-69). The Bill applies to reporting entities, including financial organisations involved in the detection and prevent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bill amending Digital Charter Implementation Act (Budget Implementation Act/C-69)", "description_zh": "2024年6月20日，修正《数字宪章实施法》的法案（C-27法案）获得御准。《数字宪章实施法》仍在审议中，如果该法本身获得御准，该法案将生效。该法案作为《预算实施法》（C-69法案）第350条纳入。该法案适用于报告实体，包括参与检测和预防……的金融组织" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "CRTC investigation into Google's application for exemption under the Online News Act", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/radio-television-telecommunications/news/2024/10/crtc-approves-googles-application-and-paves-way-for-annual-100-million-contribution-to-canadian-news-organizations.html", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) issued a ruling in its investigation into Google’s exemption application under the Online News Act (formerly Bill C-18). The CRTC ruled that Google is granted a five-year exemption from the Online News Act and must pay CAD 100 million (approx. USD 71 million) to the Canadian Journalism Collective (CJC). The Online News Act requires online platforms that share Canadian news content to compensate news org...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CRTC investigation into Google's application for exemption under the Online News Act", "description_zh": "2024年10月28日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）就谷歌根据《在线新闻法》（原C-18法案）提出的豁免申请调查作出了裁决。CRTC裁定谷歌获得《在线新闻法》五年的豁免，但必须向加拿大新闻集体（CJC）支付1亿加元（约合7,100万美元）。《在线新闻法》要求分享加拿大新闻内容的在线平台向新闻机构……提供补偿" }, { "date": "7 September 2024", "title": "Privacy Commissioner inquiry into use of deceptive design to influence privacy choices", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/nr-c_240709/", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, in collaboration with 25 privacy enforcement authorities, announced the findings from a global privacy inquiry conducted earlier in the year. During the inquiry, over 1’000 websites and mobile apps' interface and setting designs were assessed, determining that deceptive design patterns are widespread, particularly on platforms aimed at children. The inquiry identified that 97% of the examined digital platforms employed one or more deceptive ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Privacy Commissioner inquiry into use of deceptive design to influence privacy choices", "description_zh": "2024年7月9日，加拿大隐私专员与25个隐私执法当局合作，宣布了当年早些时候开展的一项全球隐私调查的结果。在调查期间，评估了1,000多个网站和移动应用程序的界面和设置设计，确定欺骗性设计模式普遍存在，特别是在面向儿童的平台中。调查发现，97%的受审查数字平台采用了一种或多种欺骗性……" }, { "date": "7 September 2024", "title": "Joint Advisory on state-sponsored Russian media leveraging Meliorator software for disinformation campaigns", "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2024/240709.pdf", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cyber National Mission Force (CNMF), the Netherlands General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD), the Netherlands Military Intelligence and Security Service (MIVD), the Netherlands Police (DNP), and the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), published a joint advisory warning social media companies about the use of covert AI software 'Meliorator' by Russian state-sponsored actors to spread disinformation. The advisor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joint Advisory on state-sponsored Russian media leveraging Meliorator software for disinformation campaigns", "description_zh": "2024年7月9日，美国联邦调查局（FBI）、网络国家任务部队（CNMF）、荷兰情报与安全总局（AIVD）、荷兰军事情报与安全局（MIVD）、荷兰警察（DNP）和加拿大网络安全中心（CCCS）联合发布了一份咨询报告，警告社交媒体公司注意俄罗斯国家支持的行为者使用隐蔽人工智能软件“Meliorator”传播虚假信息。该咨询……" }, { "date": "28 August 2024", "title": "Canada-US Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Personal Information in the Private Sector", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/nr-c_240828/", "description": "On 28 August 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding with the US Federal Communications Commission regarding information-sharing and enforcement cooperation in relation to the protection of personal information in the private sector. The Memorandum sets out the parties' intentions in providing each other with mutual assistance and information exchange, including by designating contacts for Requests for information. At the s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada-US Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Enforcement of Laws Protecting Personal Information in the Private Sector", "description_zh": "2024年8月28日，加拿大隐私专员办公室宣布与美国联邦通信委员会签署了一份谅解备忘录，涉及私营部门个人信息保护方面的信息共享和执法合作。该备忘录规定了双方在提供相互协助和信息交换方面的意向，包括指定信息请求的联系人。在该……" }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "USMCA Dispute Settlement Consultations on Canada's Digital Services Tax", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2024/august/united-states-requests-usmca-dispute-settlement-consultations-canadas-digital-services-tax", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the United States Trade Representative announced the initiation of dispute settlement consultations with Canada under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) concerning Canada's Digital Services Tax (DST), enacted as part of Bill C-59 on 20 June 2024. One of the most important changes included in the Act is that taxpayers are required to calculate and pay the DST on revenues earned from January 1, 2022, onward. This means that any relevant revenue from 2022 and 20...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "USMCA Dispute Settlement Consultations on Canada's Digital Services Tax", "description_zh": "2024年8月30日，美国贸易代表办公室宣布根据《美国-墨西哥-加拿大协定》（USMCA）就加拿大的数字服务税（DST）启动争端解决磋商，该税作为2024年6月20日C-59法案的一部分颁布。该法案最重要的变化之一是，纳税人被要求计算并缴纳自2022年1月1日起产生的收入的数字服务税。这意味着2022年和20……的相关收入" }, { "date": "25 September 2024", "title": "G7 Cyber Expert Group Declaration on Quantum Computing Risks and Opportunities", "url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/inter/etc/20240926/quantum_letter.html", "description": "On 25 September 2024, the G7 Cyber Expert Group released a statement addressing the opportunities and risks presented by quantum computing, particularly in relation to the financial system. The statement emphasises the need for monitoring quantum computing developments, fostering public-private cooperation, and initiating plans to mitigate potential risks to encryption methods. It highlights the potential for quantum computing to enhance financial services, including digital payment processin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Cyber Expert Group Declaration on Quantum Computing Risks and Opportunities", "description_zh": "2024年9月25日，G7网络专家小组发布了一份声明，阐述量子计算带来的机遇和风险，特别是与金融系统相关的风险。该声明强调需要监测量子计算发展、促进公私合作，并启动计划以缓解对加密方法的潜在风险。它强调了量子计算增强金融服务的潜力，包括数字支付处理……" }, { "date": "11 July 2024", "title": "CRTC Code of Conduct Respecting Bargaining in Relation to Online News Content", "url": "https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2024/2024-236.htm", "description": "On 7 November 2024, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) closes a consultation on the CRTC Code of Conduct Respecting Bargaining in Relation to Online News Content. The Code aims to enforce fair bargaining practices between digital news intermediaries and eligible news businesses under the Online News Act. The consultation seeks inputs from news businesses, digital platforms, industry associations, and the general public on ensuring transparency and fairness ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CRTC Code of Conduct Respecting Bargaining in Relation to Online News Content", "description_zh": "2024年11月7日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）结束了关于《在线新闻内容谈判行为守则》的咨询。该守则旨在执行《在线新闻法》下数字新闻中介与符合条件的新闻企业之间的公平谈判实践。该咨询征求新闻企业、数字平台、行业协会和公众的意见，以确保透明度和公平性……" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "G7 data protection and privacy authorities statement on statutory and policy definitions for anonymisation, pseudonymisation, and de-identification in G7 jurisdictions", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/de-id_20241011/", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada issued a statement on reducing identifiability in cross-national perspectives with statutory and policy definitions for anonymisation, pseudonymisation, and de-identification in G7 jurisdictions. These processes help to innovate data use while minimising privacy risks and ensuring compliance with privacy protection laws. However, significant differences exist between G7 countries in how these terms are defined and integrated...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 data protection and privacy authorities statement on statutory and policy definitions for anonymisation, pseudonymisation, and de-identification in G7 jurisdictions", "description_zh": "2024年10月11日，加拿大隐私专员办公室发布了关于在G7司法管辖区中就匿名化、假名化和去识别化的法定和政策定义降低可识别性的跨国视角声明。这些过程有助于创新数据使用，同时最小化隐私风险并确保遵守隐私保护法。然而，G7国家在这些术语的定义和整合方式上存在显著差异……" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics inquiry into Federal Government's use of technological tools capable of extracting personal data from mobile devices and computers", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_20241011/", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) published a statement on the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics (ETHI) report on the federal government’s use of technological tools for extracting personal data from mobile devices and computers. In particular, the OPC welcomed the findings and emphasised the urgent need for Privacy Act reform to adapt to the evolving digital landscape. The OPC supported the committee's recommendation to a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics inquiry into Federal Government's use of technological tools capable of extracting personal data from mobile devices and computers", "description_zh": "2024年10月11日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）发布了关于信息获取、隐私和伦理常设委员会（ETHI）关于联邦政府使用从移动设备和计算机提取个人信息的技术工具的报告的声明。特别是，OPC对调查结果表示欢迎，并强调迫切需要改革《隐私法》以适应不断演变的数字环境。OPC支持委员会关于……的建议" }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "Privacy Commissioner resolution addressing privacy-related harms resulting from deceptive design patterns", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/nr-c_241113/", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, along with privacy regulators at the subnational level, adopted a joint resolution to combat the use of deceptive design patterns that infringe on privacy rights. The resolution, made during the annual meeting of federal, provincial, and territorial information and privacy commissioners and ombuds, calls for organisations to adopt privacy-first design practices. The resolution specifically targets deceptive design patterns that manipula...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Privacy Commissioner resolution addressing privacy-related harms resulting from deceptive design patterns", "description_zh": "2024年11月13日，加拿大隐私专员与次国家层面的隐私监管机构通过了一项联合决议，以打击侵犯隐私权的欺骗性设计模式的使用。该决议在联邦、省和地区信息与隐私专员和监察员年度会议上通过，呼吁组织采用隐私优先的设计实践。该决议特别针对操纵……的欺骗性设计模式" }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "CRTC self-service mechanisms (2024-295)", "url": "https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2024/2024-295.htm", "description": "On 9 January 2025, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) closes the public consultation on enhancing self-service mechanisms for wireless and internet services. The mechanism is part of the revision and amendments to the Wireless Code and the Internet Code. The consultation aims to gather information on mandating self-service mechanisms to simplify the modification, right-sizing, or cancellation of service plans. The consultation focuses on ensuring accessibil...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CRTC self-service mechanisms (2024-295)", "description_zh": "2025年1月9日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）结束了关于增强无线和互联网服务自助服务机制的公众咨询。该机制是修订和修正《无线守则》和《互联网守则》的一部分。该咨询旨在收集关于强制要求自助服务机制以简化服务计划的修改、合理调整或取消的信息。该咨询重点关注确保可及性……" }, { "date": "12 September 2024", "title": "Report on Oversight of Social Media Platforms: Ensuring Privacy and Safety Online", "url": "https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/441/ETHI/Reports/RP13390047/ethirp16/ethirp16-e.pdf", "description": "On December 9, 2024, the House of Commons Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics issued a report titled \"Oversight of Social Media Platforms: Ensuring Privacy and Safety Online,\" examining social media platforms' practices related to data harvesting, privacy, safety, and potential misuse of personal information, especially involving minors, on platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, and Google, analysing their policies and practices concerning privacy, data security, and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Report on Oversight of Social Media Platforms: Ensuring Privacy and Safety Online", "description_zh": "2024年12月9日，众议院信息获取、隐私和伦理常设委员会发布了一份题为“社交媒体平台监督：确保在线隐私和安全”的报告，审查了社交媒体平台在数据收集、隐私、安全以及特别是涉及未成年人方面的个人信息潜在滥用等方面的做法，分析了它们在隐私、数据安全以及……方面的政策和做法" }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into LinkedIn on use of member accounts data to train AI models", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/nr-c_241210b/", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) closed its investigation into LinkedIn's use of Canadian members' personal information for training generative AI models. The investigation, initiated after media reports revealed LinkedIn's practices, sought clarity on how the company obtained consent for such data usage. In response, LinkedIn committed to pausing this practice and engaging with the OPC to ensure compliance with Canada's federal privacy laws. The OPC...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into LinkedIn on use of member accounts data to train AI models", "description_zh": "2024年12月10日，加拿大隐私专员办公室（OPC）结束了对LinkedIn使用加拿大会员个人信息训练生成式人工智能模型的调查。该调查是在媒体报道揭露LinkedIn的做法后启动的，旨在澄清该公司如何获得此类数据使用的同意。作为回应，LinkedIn承诺暂停这一做法，并与OPC合作以确保遵守加拿大联邦隐私法。OPC……" }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "CSESJ inquiry into protecting young people's personal information to ensure their digital well-being", "url": "https://p.communications.assnat.qc.ca/csesj", "description": "On 31 January 2025, the Special Parliamentary Commission on the Impacts of Screens and Social Networks on the Health and Development of Young People (CSESJ) closes a public consultation on protecting young people's personal information to ensure their digital well-being. The consultation focused on screens and young people, digital platforms, and exposure to online content. The consultation sought inputs on young people's use of screens and digital platforms, including screen time and supervi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CSESJ inquiry into protecting young people's personal information to ensure their digital well-being", "description_zh": "2025年1月31日，屏幕和社交网络对年轻人健康与发展影响特别议会委员会（CSESJ）结束了关于保护年轻人个人信息以确保其数字福祉的公众咨询。该咨询重点关注屏幕与年轻人、数字平台以及在线内容 exposure。该咨询就年轻人使用屏幕和数字平台（包括屏幕时间和监督……）征求了意见" }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission order revising the definition of canadian content for audio services under Online Streaming Act", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/radio-television-telecommunications/news/2025/02/crtc-consults-on-definition-of-canadian-content-for-audio-services.html", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission of Canada (CRTC) closes public consultation on revising the definition of Canadian content for audio services under the Online Streaming Act. The Act empowers CRTC to update Canada’s broadcasting framework and ensure that online streaming services provide meaningful contributions to Canadian and indigenous content. The consultation sought inputs from stakeholders to revise the definition of Canadian content for audio serv...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission order revising the definition of canadian content for audio services under Online Streaming Act", "description_zh": "2025年4月7日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）结束了关于根据《在线流媒体法》修订音频服务加拿大内容定义的公众咨询。该法案授权CRTC更新加拿大广播框架，并确保在线流媒体服务为加拿大和原住民内容做出有意义的贡献。该咨询征求利益攸关方对修订音频服务加拿大内容定义的意见……" }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "Canadian Securities Administrators' guidance on use of artificial intelligence systems in capital markets", "url": "https://www.securities-administrators.ca/news/canadian-securities-administrators-issue-guidance-and-consult-on-use-of-ai-systems-in-capital-markets/", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) closes its public consultation on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in capital markets. The consultation sought input on the application of existing securities laws to AI technologies, with particular attention to principles of transparency, accountability, and risk mitigation. Stakeholder submissions, collected during the 3 month comment period, will be reviewed to determine whether amendments or clarifications to r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canadian Securities Administrators' guidance on use of artificial intelligence systems in capital markets", "description_zh": "2025年3月31日，加拿大证券管理局（CSA）结束了关于在资本市场中使用人工智能（AI）系统的公众咨询。该咨询就现有证券法对人工智能技术的适用征求意见，特别关注透明度、问责制和风险缓解原则。在为期3个月的评论期内收集的利益攸关方提交意见将被审查，以确定是否需要对法规进行修订或澄清……" }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Privy Council Office guidelines for detecting and reporting disinformation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/privy-council/news/2025/03/detecting-and-reporting-disinformation.html", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the Privy Council Office of Canada adopted guidance to support the detection and reporting of disinformation. The guidance defines disinformation as deliberately false or misleading content, particularly in the context of elections, and outlines methods for verifying online information. These include confirming original sources, cross-referencing with other outlets, validating domain names, using reverse image searches, and consulting fact-checking tools such as MediaSmarts ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Privy Council Office guidelines for detecting and reporting disinformation", "description_zh": "2025年3月24日，加拿大枢密院办公室通过了支持检测和报告虚假信息的指南。该指南将虚假信息定义为故意虚假或误导性内容，特别是在选举背景下，并概述了核实在线信息的方法。这些方法包括确认原始来源、与其他渠道交叉引用、验证域名、使用反向图像搜索以及咨询MediaSmarts等事实核查工具……" }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia guidance notice on Personal Information Protection Act rights concerning genetic data following 23andMe bankruptcy", "url": "https://www.oipc.bc.ca/documents/news-releases/2936", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia (OIPC) issued a public notice reminding residents of their rights under the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) following the 23 March 2025 bankruptcy filing of 23andMe, a genetic services company. The OIPC noted that individuals in British Columbia may manage their consent by adjusting data sharing settings, opting out of research participation and biobanking, deleting their account and genet...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia guidance notice on Personal Information Protection Act rights concerning genetic data following 23andMe bankruptcy", "description_zh": "2025年3月26日，不列颠哥伦比亚信息隐私专员办公室（OIPC）发布了一份公共通知，提醒居民在2025年3月23日基因检测服务公司23andMe申请破产后，其在《个人信息保护法》（PIPA）下的权利。OIPC指出，不列颠哥伦比亚省的个人可以通过调整数据共享设置、退出研究参与和生物样本库、删除其账户和基因……来管理其同意" }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities communique on championing privacy in a digital age", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches-and-statements/2025/communique-g7-250619/#fn1-rf", "description": "On 19 June 2025, the G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities (DPAs) issued a Communiqué following their fifth roundtable meeting hosted by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. The Communiqué applies to developers, innovators, and organisations processing personal data, specifically in sectors involving artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and connected devices. It outlines joint commitments to operationalise Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT), promote responsible innovati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities communique on championing privacy in a digital age", "description_zh": "2025年6月19日，G7数据保护和隐私当局（DPAs）在加拿大隐私专员办公室主办的第五次圆桌会议后发布了一份公报。该公报适用于开发者、创新者和处理个人数据的组织，特别是涉及人工智能、量子计算和联网设备的部门。它概述了联合承诺，以运作“可信数据自由流动”（DFFT），促进负责任创新……" }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities adopted statement on promoting responsible innovation and protecting children by prioritising privacy", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches-and-statements/2025/js-dc-g7_20250619/", "description": "On 19 June 2025, the G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities (DPAs) adopted a joint statement on promoting responsible innovation and protecting children by prioritising privacy. The statement applies to developers and providers of emerging technologies, including those that process personal data or are accessible to children. It outlines a set of voluntary principles for embedding privacy protections into the design, development, and deployment of digital technologies. These principles in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Data Protection and Privacy Authorities adopted statement on promoting responsible innovation and protecting children by prioritising privacy", "description_zh": "2025年6月19日，G7数据保护和隐私当局（DPAs）通过了一份关于通过优先考虑隐私来促进负责任创新和保护儿童的联合声明。该声明适用于新兴技术的开发者和提供者，包括那些处理个人数据或可供儿童使用的技术。它概述了一套将隐私保护嵌入数字技术设计、开发和部署的自愿原则。这些原则包括……" }, { "date": "23 August 2025", "title": "Global Affairs Canada framework for Digital Trade Agreement with European Union", "url": "https://international.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/consultations/trade/2025-06-23-digital-trade", "description": "On 23 August 2025, the Department of Global Affairs closes the consultation on the development of a Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) with the European Union. The consultation aims to inform exploratory discussions on digital trade rules, complement existing agreements such as the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and align with evolving technological developments. A Canada-EU DTA could support inclusive trade, promote digital economy objectives, and enhance cooperation on issues...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Global Affairs Canada framework for Digital Trade Agreement with European Union", "description_zh": "2025年8月23日，全球事务部结束了关于与欧盟制定数字贸易协定（DTA）的咨询。该咨询旨在为数字贸易规则的探索性讨论提供信息，补充现有协定如《全面经济与贸易协定》（CETA），并与不断变化的技术发展保持一致。加拿大-欧盟数字贸易协定可以支持包容性贸易，促进数字经济目标，并加强在……问题上的合作" }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission order on temporary Commercial Radio News Fund (CRNF)", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/radio-television-telecommunications/news/2025/08/crtc-takes-action-to-support-local-news.html", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) issued a decision conditionally approving the plan submitted by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) for the establishment of the temporary Commercial Radio News Fund (CRNF), as part of the implementation of the modernised Broadcasting Act. The decision follows a public consultation that was held from 4 November to 4 December 2024, which invited comments on the CAB’s proposed administration of t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission order on temporary Commercial Radio News Fund (CRNF)", "description_zh": "2025年8月1日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）发布了一项决定，有条件地批准加拿大广播协会（CAB）提交的关于建立临时商业广播新闻基金（CRNF）的计划，作为实施现代化《广播法》的一部分。该决定是在2024年11月4日至12月4日举行的公众咨询之后作出的，该咨询征求了对CAB提出的管理……的意见" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner inquiry into personal information collection by smart devices", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/research/funding-for-privacy-research-and-knowledge-translation/cp_bg/", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) announced seven research projects assessing personal information collected by smart devices. Following the completion of the projects, the OPC will issue a report on the findings of the projects. One project, to be completed by the University of Windsor, aims to develop a system of encryption for data collected by autonomous vehicles, which is machine-readable but meaningless to potential hackers. The second project, by Toronto M...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner inquiry into personal information collection by smart devices", "description_zh": "2025年8月28日，隐私专员办公室（OPC）宣布了七个评估智能设备收集个人信息情况的研究项目。在项目完成后，OPC将发布关于项目发现的报告。其中一个由温莎大学完成的项目旨在为自动驾驶汽车收集的数据开发一种加密系统，该加密系统对潜在黑客而言是可机读但无意义的。第二个由多伦多……完成的项目" }, { "date": "9 March 2025", "title": "Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Alberta AI scribe privacy impact assessment guidance", "url": "https://oipc.ab.ca/office-of-the-information-and-privacy-commissioner-issues-guidance-on-ai-scribe-tools-for-custodians-under-health-information-act/", "description": "On 3 September 2025, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Alberta (OIPC) issued guidance titled Artificial Intelligence (AI) Scribe Privacy Impact Assessment Guidance. It sets out requirements under Section 64 of the Health Information Act (HIA) for custodians acquiring and implementing AI scribe tools in health care delivery. The guidance covers project descriptions, data flow diagrams, contractual obligations, the limitation principle under Section 58, the duty of accur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Alberta AI scribe privacy impact assessment guidance", "description_zh": "2025年9月3日，阿尔伯塔信息隐私专员办公室（OIPC）发布了题为《人工智能（AI）听写隐私影响评估指南》的指南。该指南规定了《健康信息法》（HIA）第64条下关于 custodians 在医疗保健服务中获取和实施人工智能听写工具的要求。该指南涵盖项目描述、数据流图、合同义务、第58条下的限制原则、准确义务……" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Canadian Digital Regulators inqury into synthetic media", "url": "https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/how-we-foster-competition/education-and-outreach/publications/canadian-digital-regulators-forum-synthetic-media-digital-landscape", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Canadian Digital Regulators Forum (CDRF), including Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), the Competition Bureau Canada, the Copyright Board of Canada, and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, released a paper on synthetic media in the digital landscape. The paper addressed the opportunities and risks of generative artificial intelligence and synthetic media across the mandates of the four institutions, including issues of c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canadian Digital Regulators inquiry into synthetic media", "description_zh": "2025年9月18日，加拿大数字监管者论坛（CDRF），包括加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）、加拿大竞争局、加拿大版权委员会和加拿大隐私专员办公室，发布了一篇关于数字环境中合成媒体的论文。该论文论述了生成式人工智能和合成媒体在四个机构职责范围内的机遇和风险，包括竞争……问题" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Attorney General of Quebec's lawsuit relating to constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences for child sexual abuse material offences under Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Case No. 40882)", "url": "https://www.scc-csc.ca/cases-dossiers/search-recherche/40882/", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the one-year mandatory minimum sentences for possession and accessing child sexual abuse material under indictment are unconstitutional under section 12 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Court acknowledged the serious harm caused by such material but noted that the mandatory minimum applies across a wide spectrum, from organised offenders with thousands of files to first-time youth offenders who briefly view a single unsolici...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Attorney General of Quebec's lawsuit relating to constitutionality of mandatory minimum sentences for child sexual abuse material offences under Charter of Rights and Freedoms (Case No. 40882)", "description_zh": "2025年10月31日，加拿大最高法院裁定，根据起诉书持有和访问儿童性虐待材料的一年强制性最低刑罚违反《权利和自由宪章》第12条。法院承认此类材料造成的严重伤害，但指出强制性最低刑罚适用范围广泛，从拥有数千文件的组织犯罪者到短暂查看单个未经请求文件的首次青少年犯罪者……" }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Provisions establishing data mobility framework in Budget Implementation Act (Bill C-15)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/45-1/bill/C-15/first-reading", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the House of Commons passed the Budget Implementation Act (Bill C-15). Division 23 of Part 5 of the Bill would amend the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act to establish a data mobility framework. The amendments would apply to organisations subject to the Act that participate in a designated data mobility framework. The framework would require, subject to regulations, that an organisation disclose personal information collected from an individual ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Provisions establishing data mobility framework in Budget Implementation Act (Bill C-15)", "description_zh": "2026年2月26日，下议院通过了《预算实施法》（C-15法案）。该法案第五部分第23分部将修正《个人信息保护和电子文件法》，以建立数据可携带性框架。这些修正将适用于参与指定数据可携带性框架的、受该法案约束的组织。该框架将要求，根据法规，组织向个人披露从该个人收集的个人信息……" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Regulatory policy reviewing definition of Canadian content for television and online streaming services (CRTC 2025-299)", "url": "https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2025/2025-299.htm", "description": "On 18 November 2025, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) issued Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2025-299 arising from the proceeding initiated by the consultation on reviewing the definition of Canadian program and expenditure requirements (CRTC 2024-288). The policy states that the Online Streaming Act amended the Broadcasting Act and that the CRTC must implement the amended framework. It states that the CRTC received 480 written submissions and held a ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Regulatory policy reviewing definition of Canadian content for television and online streaming services (CRTC 2025-299)", "description_zh": "2025年11月18日，加拿大广播电视和电信委员会（CRTC）发布了广播监管政策CRTC 2025-299，该政策源于关于审查加拿大节目定义和支出要求的咨询（CRTC 2024-288）。该政策指出，《在线流媒体法》修正了《广播法》，CRTC必须实施修正后的框架。该政策指出，CRTC收到了480份书面意见并举行了……" }, { "date": "23 November 2025", "title": "G7 Interior and Security Ministers Communique", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2025/11/g7-interior-and-security-ministers-communique.html", "description": "On 23 November 2025, Public Safety Canada released the Group of Seven (G7) Interior and Security Ministers Communique, which included commitments on cybercrime, cybersecurity, and online harms. The Communique recognised ransomware, cyberscams, fraud and cryptocurrency theft, endorsed the G7 Cybersecurity Working Group statements on Internet of Things Security and Software Bill of Materials for Artificial Intelligence, and highlighted the dual use of Artificial Intelligence in cyber operations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Interior and Security Ministers Communique", "description_zh": "2025年11月23日，加拿大公共安全部发布了七国集团（G7）内政和安全部长公报，其中包括关于网络犯罪、网络安全和在线危害的承诺。该公报承认勒索软件、网络骗局、欺诈和加密货币盗窃，支持G7网络安全工作组关于物联网安全和人工智能软件材料清单的声明，并强调了人工智能在网络行动中的双重用途……" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Statement on advancing a coordinated roadmap for transition to post-quantum cryptography in the financial sector", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advancing-a-coordinated-roadmap-for-the-transition-to-post-quantum-cryptography-in-the-financial-sector/g7-cyber-expert-group-statement-on-advancing-a-coordinated-roadmap-for-the-transition-to-post-quantum-cryptography-in-the-financial-sector-january-20", "description": "On 13 January 2026, the G7 Cyber Expert Group (CEG) published a statement titled Statement on advancing a coordinated roadmap for the transition to post-quantum cryptography in the financial sector. The document provides a framework for financial entities and authorities to transition to quantum-resistant cryptography and cryptographic agility. The stated aim of the roadmap is to manage cryptographic risks introduced by quantum computing to maintain the resilience of financial systems. It out...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Statement on advancing a coordinated roadmap for transition to post-quantum cryptography in the financial sector", "description_zh": "2026年1月13日，G7网络专家小组（CEG）发布了一份题为《关于推进金融领域向后量子密码学过渡的协调路线图声明》的文件。该文件为金融实体和当局向抗量子密码学和密码敏捷性过渡提供了框架。所述路线图的目标是管理量子计算给密码学带来的风险，以保持金融系统的韧性。它概述了……" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on AI scribes in health sector", "url": "https://www.ipc.on.ca/en/resources/ai-scribes-key-considerations-health-sector", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario released guidance on AI scribes in the health sector. The guidance sets out considerations on the development, procurement, and use of artificial intelligence scribes in Ontario’s health sector. It addresses privacy-related obligations under the Personal Health Information Protection Act and refers to the Enhancing Digital Security and Trust Act where applicable. The guidance defines artificial intelligence systems and AI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidance on AI scribes in health sector", "description_zh": "2026年1月28日，安大略省信息和隐私专员发布了关于卫生部门人工智能听写的指南。该指南阐述了在安大略省卫生部门开发、采购和使用人工智能听写的考量。它涉及《个人健康信息保护法》下的隐私相关义务，并在适用情况下参考《加强数字安全与信任法》。该指南定义了人工智能系统和人工智能……" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on PIPA and AI scribes for healthcare organisations in British Columbia", "url": "https://www.oipc.bc.ca/documents/guidance-documents/3082", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner for British Columbia released the guidance titled PIPA and AI scribes: best practices for healthcare organizations in BC. The guidance addresses healthcare organisations subject to the British Columbia Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) that are considering the use of artificial intelligence scribes in clinical settings. It sets out how PIPA applies to the collection, use and disclosure of personal information ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidance on PIPA and AI scribes for healthcare organisations in British Columbia", "description_zh": "2026年1月28日，不列颠哥伦比亚信息隐私专员办公室发布了题为《PIPA与人工智能听写：不列颠哥伦比亚省医疗保健组织最佳实践》的指南。该指南面向受不列颠哥伦比亚省《个人信息保护法》（PIPA）约束、正在考虑在临床环境中使用人工智能听写的医疗保健组织。它规定了PIPA如何适用于个人信息的收集、使用和披露……" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Data protection regulation in Connected Care for Canadians Act on interoperability of health information technology (No. S-5)", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/45-1/s-5", "description": "On 4 February 2026, the Connected Care for Canadians Act on interoperability of health information technology was introduced to the Senate. The Bill applies to health information technology vendors that license, sell or supply hardware, software or related services used to create, access or exchange electronic health information. The Bill defines data blocking as any practice or act by a health information technology vendor that prevents, discourages or interferes with access to, use of or ex...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data protection regulation in Connected Care for Canadians Act on interoperability of health information technology (No. S-5)", "description_zh": "2026年2月4日，《加拿大人互联护理法》关于健康信息技术互操作性被提交参议院。该法案适用于许可、销售或供应用于创建、访问或交换电子健康信息的硬件、软件或相关服务的健康信息技术供应商。该法案将数据封锁定义为健康信息技术供应商的任何阻止、劝阻或干扰访问、使用或交换电子健康信息的实践或行为……" }, { "title": "2025 review of the Access to Information Act - Canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/services/access-information-privacy/modernizing-access-information/reviewing-access-information-act/2025-review-access-information-act.html", "description": "The deadline for submissions is Monday, June 15, 2026. After this date, the form will no longer be available.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 review of the Access to Information Act - Canada.ca", "description_zh": "提交意见的截止日期为2026年6月15日星期一。在此日期之后，该表格将不再可用。" }, { "title": "FIFAI II: AI Risks and Opportunities: Adopting an AGILE Framework in Canadian Financial Services - Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions", "url": "https://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/en/about-osfi/reports-publications/fifai-ii-ai-risks-opportunities-adopting-agile-framework-canadian-financial-services", "description": "Labour and business disruption: The International Monetary Fund (2024) estimates that 60% of jobs in advanced economies will be affected by AI automation.Footnote 12 Citi's research (2024) predicts that 54% of finance jobs face potential AI-led displacement, the highest percentage among major industries.Footnote 13 While technological transformations historically have created new roles, the unprecedented speed of AI advancement suggests displacement could occur faster than workforce retr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FIFAI II: AI Risks and Opportunities: Adopting an AGILE Framework in Canadian Financial Services - Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions", "description_zh": "劳动力和商业颠覆：国际货币基金组织（2024年）估计，发达经济体60%的就业将受到人工智能自动化的影响。花旗银行的研究（2024年）预测，54%的金融工作面临潜在的人工智能主导的替代，这是主要行业中最高的百分比。虽然技术变革在历史上创造了新角色，但人工智能前所未有的发展速度表明，替代可能快于劳动力再培训……" }, { "title": "Use of artificial intelligence (AI) by businesses or organizations in producing goods or delivering services over the next 12 months, third quarter of 2025", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/catalogue/3310104501", "description": "Use of artificial intelligence (AI) by businesses or organizations in producing goods or delivering services over the next 12 months, by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), business employment size, type of business, business activity and majority ownership, third quarter of 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Use of artificial intelligence (AI) by businesses or organizations in producing goods or delivering services over the next 12 months, third quarter of 2025", "description_zh": "企业或组织在未来12个月内使用人工智能（AI）生产商品或提供服务的情况，按北美行业分类系统（NAICS）、企业就业规模、企业类型、企业活动和多数所有权划分，2025年第三季度。" }, { "title": "Canadian Sovereign AI Compute Strategy", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/canadian-sovereign-ai-compute-strategy", "description": "From: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canadian Sovereign AI Compute Strategy", "description_zh": "来源：创新、科学和经济发展部" }, { "title": "The Daily — Building permits, February 2026", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260413/dq260413b-eng.htm", "description": "This content was created with the assistance of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool and refined and verified by Statistics Canada experts.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Daily — Building permits, February 2026", "description_zh": "该内容由生成式人工智能（AI）工具协助创建，并由加拿大统计局专家进行 refine and verify。" }, { "title": "Parliamentary Secretary Sudds to Announce New Steps to Strengthen Canada’s Digital Sovereignty - Canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/shared-services/news/2026/03/parliament-secretary-sudds-to-announce-new-steps-to-strengthen-canadas-digital-sovereignty.html", "description": "Members of the media are invited to attend an announcement by the Honourable Jenna Sudds, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Government Transformation, Public Works and Procurement and to the Secretary of State (Defence Procurement) regarding the Government of Canada’s commitment to strengthening national security, enhancing digital sovereignty, and supporting Canadian innovation in cyber security through a contract extension with BlackBerry.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Parliamentary Secretary Sudds to Announce New Steps to Strengthen Canada’s Digital Sovereignty - Canada.ca", "description_zh": "媒体成员受邀出席Jenna Sudds议员（政府转型、公共工程和采购部长议会秘书兼国防采购国务秘书议会秘书）的宣布会，内容涉及加拿大政府通过与BlackBerry续约来加强国家安全、增强数字主权和支持加拿大网络安全创新的承诺。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Research summary: Internet Use and Online Government Services in Canada - Canada.ca", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/corporate/reports/research/internet-use-online-government-services.html", "description": "This document explains how Canadians use online government services and the problems they face. It also looks at differences between groups of people and points out common barriers in using online government services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Research summary: Internet Use and Online Government Services in Canada - Canada.ca", "description_zh": "本文件解释了加拿大人如何使用在线政府服务以及他们面临的问题。它还研究了不同人群之间的差异，并指出了使用在线政府服务的常见障碍。" }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "Canada - Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) Companion Document", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/innovation-better-canada/en/artificial-intel", "description": "Canada's Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) published an updated companion document for the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) as part of the Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022, explaining planned implementation and compliance pathways.", "categories": [ "AIDA", "Data Charter", "Implementation Guidance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Canada - Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) Companion Document", "description_zh": "加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部（ISED）发布了《人工智能和数据法》（AIDA）的更新配套文件，作为《2022年数字宪章实施法》的一部分，解释了计划的实施和合规路径。" }, { "title": "Canada - AIDA Stalled, Unlikely Royal Assent in 2026", "url": "https://www.torys.com/our-latest-thinking/resources/forging-your-ai-path/arti", "description": "Canada's primary AI framework, the AI and Data Act (AIDA) as part of Bill C-27, is stalled in Parliament and unlikely to receive Royal Assent in 2026 due to Prime Minister Trudeau's resignation and a snap election.", "categories": [ "AIDA", "Bill C-27", "Stalled" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canada - AIDA Stalled, Unlikely Royal Assent in 2026", "description_zh": "加拿大的主要人工智能框架，即作为C-27法案一部分的《人工智能和数据法》（AIDA），在议会陷入停滞，由于特鲁多总理辞职和提前大选，不太可能在2026年获得御准。" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Canada - Privacy Commissioner Urges AI Regulation Study", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-actions-and-decisions/advice-to-parliament/2026", "description": "The Privacy Commissioner of Canada (February 2, 2026) urged Parliament's Standing Committee to study AI regulation and privacy protections, emphasizing that protecting personal data is critical as AI systems become more prevalent.", "categories": [ "Privacy Commissioner", "AI Regulation", "Study" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canada - Privacy Commissioner Urges AI Regulation Study", "description_zh": "加拿大隐私专员（2026年2月2日）敦促议会常设委员会研究人工智能监管和隐私保护，强调随着人工智能系统日益普及，保护个人数据至关重要。" }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Canada - A Turning Point for AI in 2026?", "url": "https://www.blg.com/en/insights/2026/03/a-turning-point-for-ai-in-canada-in-2026", "description": "Canada faces a potential turning point for AI governance in 2026 amid increased regulatory scrutiny and calls for strong AI governance. Michael Geist testified before the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology on March 23, 2026, urging balanced regulation.", "categories": [ "Regulatory Scrutiny", "Governance" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canada - A Turning Point for AI in 2026?", "description_zh": "随着监管审查的加强和对强有力人工智能治理的呼吁，加拿大在2026年面临人工智能治理的潜在转折点。Michael Geist于2026年3月23日在工业、科学和技术常设委员会作证，敦促制定平衡的监管。" }, { "title": "Ontario IPC and OHRC - Principles for Responsible AI Use", "url": "https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelo", "description": "Ontario's Information and Privacy Commissioner (IPC) and Ontario Human Rights Commission (OHRC) jointly issued non-binding Principles for the Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (January 21, 2026) to guide organizations developing or using AI in Ontario.", "categories": [ "Principles", "Responsible AI", "Human Rights" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ontario IPC and OHRC - Principles for Responsible AI Use", "description_zh": "安大略省信息和隐私专员（IPC）与安大略省人权委员会（OHRC）于2026年1月21日联合发布了《负责任使用人工智能原则》，为指导在安大略省开发或使用人工智能的组织提供 non-binding 原则。" }, { "title": "Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024", "url": "https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-194", "description": "AI law in Canada: This Ontario Act introduces new obligations for public sector entities regarding cybersecurity, responsible AI use, and enhanced privacy protections, particularly for minors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Strengthening Cyber Security and Building Trust in the Public Sector Act, 2024", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能法律：该安大略省法案为公共部门实体引入了关于网络安全、负责任的人工智能使用以及增强隐私保护（特别是针对未成年人）的新义务。" }, { "title": "Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149) - AI and Electronic Monitoring Provisions", "url": "https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-43/session-1/bill-149", "description": "AI law in Canada: The Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149) amends multiple Ontario statutes, including the Employment Standards Act, 2000, to require disclosure in public job postings when employers use artificial intelligence to screen, assess or select applicants and to add other job-posting requirements. It operates alongside existing written-policy requirements on electronic monitoring and disconnect-from-work policies under the ESA; some regulatory definitions and exemptions (notably for employers with fewer than 25 employees) are set by regulation with staged commencement dates. (ontario.ca)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Working for Workers Four Act, 2024 (Bill 149) - AI and Electronic Monitoring Provisions", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能法律：《2024年为工人服务四法案》（第149号法案）修正了多项安大略省法规，包括《2000年就业标准法》，要求在公开招聘中披露雇主使用人工智能筛选、评估或选择申请人的情况，并增加其他招聘要求。它与《就业标准法》下现有的关于电子监控和断开工作联系政策的书面政策要求并行运作；一些监管定义和豁免（特别是针对雇员少于25人的雇主）由法规规定，并分阶段生效。（ontario.ca）" }, { "title": "Implementation Guide for Managers of Artificial Intelligence Systems (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/", "description": "AI law in Canada: A practical, voluntary guidance document published by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) to help managers of AI systems implement Canada’s Voluntary Code of Conduct for Advanced Generative AI Systems. The Guide provides lifecycle-based best practices on safety, accountability, transparency, human oversight, validity & robustness, procurement, monitoring, and documentation proportionate to risk....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Implementation Guide for Managers of Artificial Intelligence Systems (Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada)", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能法律：创新、科学和经济发展部（ISED）发布的一份实用的自愿性指南文件，旨在帮助人工智能系统管理者实施加拿大《先进生成式人工智能系统自愿行为守则》。该指南提供了基于生命周期的最佳实践，涉及安全、问责、透明度、人工监督、有效性和稳健性、采购、监测和文件记录，并与风险成比例。" }, { "date": "2022-06-16", "title": "Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022, Part 3 (\"Artificial Intelligence and Data Act\")", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/DocumentViewer/en/44-1/bill/C-27/first-reading#ID0EDBA", "description": "Regulates AI systems by establishing design, development, and use requirements to prevent harm and discrimination. Requires risk assessment, mitigation, and record-keeping for high-impact systems. Imposes penalties for non-compliance and mandates ministerial oversight and public disclosure of certain AI system information.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022, Part 3 (\"Artificial Intelligence and Data Act\")", "description_zh": "通过建立设计、开发和使用要求来监管人工智能系统，以防止伤害和歧视。要求对高风险系统进行风险评估、缓解和记录保存。对违规行为处以罚款，并要求部长监督和公开某些人工智能系统信息。" }, { "date": "8 April 2026", "title": "Ontario court sanctions lawyer for filing brief with AI-hallucinated case citations", "url": "https://www.ontariocourts.ca", "description": "The Superior Court of Justice imposed costs sanctions on a lawyer who submitted a factum containing fabricated case citations generated by an AI legal research tool, noting the increasing frequency of such incidents in Canadian courts.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ontario court sanctions lawyer for filing brief with AI-hallucinated case citations", "description_zh": "高等法院对一名律师进行了费用制裁，该律师提交的事实摘要中包含由人工智能法律研究工具生成的伪造案例引述，并指出此类事件在加拿大法院中日益频繁。", "court": "Superior Court of Justice, Ontario", "party": "R. v. Henderson", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Galang v. Canada (Attorney General)", "url": "/documents/1900/Galang-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-BCSC-564.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the B.C. Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Original Notice of Civil Claim contained references to non-existent court decisions appearing to be AI-generated; AGC raised the issue and Justice Dion ordered Part 3 struck and that any AI-assisted citations be verified prior to filing; plaintiff removed those references i... Outcome: Brief part struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Galang v. Canada (Attorney General)", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院。伪造判例：案例法 | 原始民事索赔通知包含对不存在的法院判决的引用，看似由人工智能生成；总检察长提出该问题，Dion法官命令删除第三部分，并要求任何由人工智能协助的引述在提交前经过核实；原告删除了这些引用。结果：摘要部分被删除。", "court": "B.C. Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief part struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Iyer v Nazir", "url": "/documents/1824/Iyer_v._Nazir_Canada_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants' reply memorandum relied on several non-existent case authorities; citations tied to real cases but the cited authorities as presented did not exist or were otherwise incorrect; court cautioned such errors can arise from AI assistance. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Iyer v Nazir", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在阿尔伯塔省上诉法院。伪造判例：案例法 | 申请人回复备忘录依赖几个不存在的案例权威；引述与真实案例相关，但所引权威如所述并不存在或以其他方式不正确；法院警告此类错误可能源于人工智能辅助。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG", "url": "/documents/1823/National_Indigenous_Fisheries_Institute_v._Canada__Canada_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit of in-house counsel cited this purported FCA decision to support extension of time; Court found the decision does not exist and treated it as AI-generated. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG", "description_zh": "律师出现在联邦法院。伪造判例：案例法 | 内部法律顾问的宣誓书援引了这一所谓的FCA判决以支持延期；法院发现该判决不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成。结果：不利费用命令。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Salah v. Peel Condominium Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant provided a citation that actually belonged to another Tribunal decision (misattributed/fictitious use). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Salah v. Peel Condominium Corporation", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在安大略省公寓法庭。歪曲判例：案例法 | 申请人提供了一个实际上属于另一个法庭决定的引述（错误归属/虚构使用）。结果：警告。", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Re Reza Khoshnik", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/lk1ph", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy). Misrepresented: Case Law | Bankrupt quoted and attributed a proposition to Re Fakoori that he later admitted was manufactured by his materials. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Re Reza Khoshnik", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人在安大略省高等法院（破产）程序中使用未指明材料。歪曲判例：案例法 | 破产人引用并归属一个命题给Re Fakoori，后来他承认该命题是由其材料编造的。结果：不利费用命令。", "court": "Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "Law Society of Alberta v. Tiwana", "url": "/documents/1902/Law-Society-of-Alberta-v-Tiwana-2026-ABLS-7.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Law Society of Alberta Appeal Panel. Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated hallucinated case cited in appellant's brief; LSA counsel could not locate it and appellant admitted it was a 'placeholder'. Outcome: AI misuse as aggravating factor for awarding costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Law Society of Alberta v. Tiwana", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人在阿尔伯塔省律师协会上诉小组程序中使用未指明材料。伪造判例：案例法 | 上诉人摘要中引用了人工智能生成的幻觉案例；LSA法律顾问无法找到该案例，上诉人承认这是一个“占位符”。结果：人工智能滥用作为授予费用的加重因素。", "court": "Law Society of Alberta Appeal Panel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI misuse as aggravating factor for awarding costs", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Krivaia v. Hungerford", "url": "/documents/1707/Krivaia-v-Hungerford-2026-BCSC-408.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Earlier iterations of the Plaintiffs' pleadings (NOCC, ANOCC, FANOCC) cited case authorities that did not exist and were characterized as AI‑hallucinated; the fictitious references were removed in the Proposed 2FANOCC. Outcome: No strike for abuse of process.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Krivaia v. Hungerford", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院。伪造判例：案例法 | 原告诉状早期版本（NOCC、ANOCC、FANOCC）引用了不存在的案例权威，被描述为人工智能幻觉；虚构的引用在拟议的2FANOCC中被删除。结果：不因滥用程序而驳回。", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No strike for abuse of process", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc.", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/lk1ph", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Ontario SCJ. False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 44 of the Reply Factum purports to quote BH Frontier Solutions Inc. v. 11054660 Canada Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出现在安大略省高等法院。虚假引述：案例法 | 回复事实摘要第44段声称引用BH Frontier Solutions Inc. v. 11054660 Canada Inc.；法院发现所引述段落不在该判决中，完全是编造的。结果：转介律师协会。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699", "url": "/documents/1712/Siemens-v.-The-Owners-Strata-Plan-EPS3699-2026-BCCRT-401.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a case in support of remedies that the tribunal found did not exist or did not apply; tribunal concluded it was likely AI-generated and rejected reliance on it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在民事调解法庭。伪造判例：案例法 | 申请人援引了一个案例以支持救济，但法庭发现该案例不存在或不适用；法庭结论认为其可能由人工智能生成，并拒绝依赖。", "court": "CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Thabize c. Immobilière montérégienne IMR inc.", "url": "/documents/1778/Thabize-c.-Immobiliere-monteregienne-IMR-inc.-2026-QCTAL-7284.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAL. Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited a purported decision 'Événtail Habitation inc. c. X, 2023 QCTAL 150'; tribunal (citing opposing party's point) found the jurisprudence unlocatable and likely produced by artificial intelligence. Outcome: Further filings barred without prior authorization.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Thabize c. Immobilière montérégienne IMR inc.", "description_zh": "自诉诉讼人出现在租赁行政法庭。伪造判例：案例法 | 租户引用了一个所谓的判决“Événtail Habitation inc. c. X, 2023 QCTAL 150”；法庭（引用对方观点）发现该判例无法找到，可能由人工智能生成。结果：未经事先授权禁止进一步提交文件。", "court": "TAL", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Further filings barred without prior authorization", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Erin Gray v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "/documents/1711/Gray-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-306.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | One of the Applicant's memorandum citations did not exist; the Court found it to be a fabricated case citation produced by AI and described the jurisprudence as hallucinated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Erin Gray v Attorney General of Canada", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | One of the Applicant's memorandum citations did not exist; the Court found it to be a fabricated case citation produced by AI and described the jurisprudence as hallucinated.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Makongo c. Montpetit", "url": "/documents/1710/Makongo-v.-Montpetit-2026-QCCQ-746-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation could not be located in legal databases; tribunal treated the reference as fictitious. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Makongo c. Montpetit", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation could not be located in legal databases; tribunal treated the reference as fictitious. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "800 CAD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel", "url": "/documents/1708/Asey-v.-The-Association-of-Justice-Counsel-2026-HRTO-367.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal observed that many cases cited by the applicant appear to be non-existent or 'manufactured' and do not stand for the principles asserted.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal observed that many cases cited by the applicant appear to be non-existent or 'manufactured' and do not stand for the principles asserted.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Re Gary Man Kin Ng", "url": "/documents/1693/Re_Gary_Ng_Canada_2_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250'; court found no such decision at that citation in CanLII or Westlaw and paragraph references did not match existing Galty decisions; Bankrupt admitted reliance on AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Re Gary Man Kin Ng", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250'; court found no such decision at that citation in CanLII or Westlaw and paragraph references did not match existing Galty decisions; Bankrupt admitted reliance on AI.", "court": "Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Maruta v. Mahon", "url": "/documents/1709/Maruta-v.-Mahon-2026-HRTO-356.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited authorities that 'do not stand for the proposition she sought to advance', i.e., mischaracterized existing cases.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Maruta v. Mahon", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited authorities that 'do not stand for the proposition she sought to advance', i.e., mischaracterized existing cases.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946", "url": "/documents/1630/White_v._The_Ownerrs_Canada_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicants' submissions included multiple incorrect or inapplicable CRT case citations; tribunal found these were likely AI-generated and did not address arguments with no legal basis.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicants' submissions included multiple incorrect or inapplicable CRT case citations; tribunal found these were likely AI-generated and did not address arguments with no legal basis.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "N… R… c. M… S…", "url": "/documents/1776/Droit-de-la-famille--26184-2026-QCCS-666.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Québec SC. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Partial fabrication/manipulation of a quotation attributed to the DPJ; the court reviewed the records and could not find the quoted wording as presented. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "N… R… c. M… S…", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Québec SC. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Partial fabrication/manipulation of a quotation attributed to the DPJ; the court reviewed the records and could not find the quoted wording as presented. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Québec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co.", "url": "/documents/1706/14095863-Canada-Inc.-v-Abercrombie-Fitch-Trading-Co.-2026-TMOB-28-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Canadian IPO. Fabricated: Case Law | Registrar identified multiple cited cases that do not appear to exist in the Requesting Party's written representations and flagged them as fabricated; Registrar noted these appeared across several paragraphs and undermined the submissions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Canadian IPO. Fabricated: Case Law | Registrar identified multiple cited cases that do not appear to exist in the Requesting Party's written representations and flagged them as fabricated; Registrar noted these appeared across several paragraphs and undermined the submissions.", "court": "Canadian IPO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "HDO v MDF", "url": "/documents/1540/HDO_v._MDF_Canada_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Several cited cases did not exist; provided links directed the court to a large language model platform webpage indicating the citations were fabricated by AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HDO v MDF", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Several cited cases did not exist; provided links directed the court to a large language model platform webpage indicating the citations were fabricated by AI. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Deblois v. Procureur Général", "url": "/documents/1783/Deblois-c.-Canada-Procureur-general-2026-CF-218.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Federal Court of Appeal decisions that could not be located; after a court directive she admitted by email the decisions were not retrievable and the court gave such arguments no weight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Deblois v. Procureur Général", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Federal Court of Appeal decisions that could not be located; after a court directive she admitted by email the decisions were not retrievable and the court gave such arguments no weight.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Alamleh c. R.", "url": "/documents/1537/Alamleh_v._King_Canada_11_February_303.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC Quebec. Fabricated: Case Law | Representations contained references to inexistent case law identified on review by the Court.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Alamleh c. R.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC Quebec. Fabricated: Case Law | Representations contained references to inexistent case law identified on review by the Court.", "court": "SC Quebec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Garrick v Halton Police Board", "url": "/documents/1705/Garrick-v-Halton-Police-Board-2026-ONSC-802.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SCJ Ontario.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Garrick v Halton Police Board", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SCJ Ontario.", "court": "SCJ Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Abdul Rahim Seidu v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/1hlt9", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court (Canada). Fabricated: Case Law | Motion record (Exhibit A to Lejeune affidavit) cited four Federal Court decisions that were non-existent; Minister notified counsel these cases did not exist and the Court flagged possible AI-generated fabrication. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Abdul Rahim Seidu v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court (Canada). Fabricated: Case Law | Motion record (Exhibit A to Lejeune affidavit) cited four Federal Court decisions that were non-existent; Minister notified counsel these cases did not exist and the Court flagged possible AI-generated fabrication. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "Federal Court (Canada)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "Applicant v. BC College of Physicians and Surgeons", "url": "/documents/1703/A_JQ68PYr.-College-of-Physicians-and-Surgeons-of-British-Columbia-No.-2-2026-BCHPRB-25.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HPRB. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Singh v. CPSBC (2009 BCSC); the Review Board was unable to locate the decision and noted the citation may be in error.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Applicant v. BC College of Physicians and Surgeons", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HPRB. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Singh v. CPSBC (2009 BCSC); the Review Board was unable to locate the decision and noted the citation may be in error.", "court": "HPRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al.", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/lk1ph", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. False Quotes: Case Law | Factum contained a quotation attributed to a Court of Appeal decision that could not be located in the cited decision; counsel could not produce the quoted passage when asked. Outcome: Misuse of AI potentially factored into costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al.", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. False Quotes: Case Law | Factum contained a quotation attributed to a Court of Appeal decision that could not be located in the cited decision; counsel could not produce the quoted passage when asked. Outcome: Misuse of AI potentially factored into costs.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Misuse of AI potentially factored into costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Rasko v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1631/Rasko_v._Insurance_Co_BC_Canada_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698' for the proposition that a sudden unnecessary stop can share fault; Tribunal found the case does not exist and that ICBC had raised the issue.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rasko v. ICBC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698' for the proposition that a sudden unnecessary stop can share fault; Tribunal found the case does not exist and that ICBC had raised the issue.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Howse v. Coulton", "url": "/documents/1632/Howse_v._Coulton_Canada_29_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111' to argue claims beyond CRT limits must be transferred; Tribunal found no such case exists and characterized the citation as a likely AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Howse v. Coulton", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111' to argue claims beyond CRT limits must be transferred; Tribunal found no such case exists and characterized the citation as a likely AI-generated hallucination.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc.", "url": "/documents/1439/Davidson_v._PCL_Constructors_Canada_27_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on a non-existent case cited as authority; Tribunal found there is no such authority and treated the citation as erroneous, noting respondent alleged AI/LLM produced it but declining to find that.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on a non-existent case cited as authority; Tribunal found there is no such authority and treated the citation as erroneous, noting respondent alleged AI/LLM produced it but declining to find that.", "court": "HRT Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Gu v Fogler Rubinoff", "url": "/documents/1702/Gu-v-Fogler-Rubinoff-2026-ONSC-466-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SCJ Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum included at least two fully cited cases and quoted passages that could not be located; responding party brought this to court's attention; applicant's daughter conceded they were created by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gu v Fogler Rubinoff", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SCJ Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum included at least two fully cited cases and quoted passages that could not be located; responding party brought this to court's attention; applicant's daughter conceded they were created by AI.", "court": "SCJ Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Zou v. Miracon Development Inc.", "url": "/documents/1700/Zou-v-Miracon-Development-Inc.-2026-BCSC-85-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs submitted non-existent case citations generated by AI; the defence identified them as fictitious and the Court treated them as AI 'hallucinations' and imposed costs. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zou v. Miracon Development Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs submitted non-existent case citations generated by AI; the defence identified them as fictitious and the Court treated them as AI 'hallucinations' and imposed costs. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "200 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "/documents/1701/Pellegrino-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-5.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Representative cited a non-existent Tribunal decision 'Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63'; the Tribunal found the case does not exist and warned such citations may incur cost consequences. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Representative cited a non-existent Tribunal decision 'Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63'; the Tribunal found the case does not exist and warned such citations may incur cost consequences. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Waddell (Re)", "url": "/documents/1754/Waddell-Re-2026-ONSC-387-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Waddell's initial factum listed 16 authorities with no citations/hyperlinks and raised concern they might be AI-generated fabrications; directed Waddell to provide proper cites or explain absence; Waddell later filed a revised factum with five cited cases.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Waddell (Re)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Waddell's initial factum listed 16 authorities with no citations/hyperlinks and raised concern they might be AI-generated fabrications; directed Waddell to provide proper cites or explain absence; Waddell later filed a revised factum with five cited cases.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Amit Arora v. Canadian National Railway", "url": "/documents/1753/Arora-v.-Canadian-National-Railway-2026-FC-82.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a nonexistent case 'Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836' as authority for a proposition about reply affidavits; Court found no such case at that citation and that the paragraphs cited did not support the proposition. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Amit Arora v. Canadian National Railway", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a nonexistent case 'Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836' as authority for a proposition about reply affidavits; Court found no such case at that citation and that the paragraphs cited did not support the proposition. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "/documents/1752/Vasina-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-3.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon.", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "Alexandra Philomena Brigid Roy v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "/documents/1751/Roy-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-28-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's memorandum contained references to jurisprudence that did not exist; the Respondent flagged the issue and the Court disregarded the unreliable case citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Alexandra Philomena Brigid Roy v Attorney General of Canada", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's memorandum contained references to jurisprudence that did not exist; the Respondent flagged the issue and the Court disregarded the unreliable case citations.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/1037", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario LRB. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Opposing party alleged Mr. Pollard's written submissions included references to Board Rules that did not exist or were mischaracterized; Board noted the allegation, found Rules 2.4 and 5.1 were properly cited, and ignored other inaccurate rule citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario LRB. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Opposing party alleged Mr. Pollard's written submissions included references to Board Rules that did not exist or were mischaracterized; Board noted the allegation, found Rules 2.4 and 5.1 were properly cited, and ignored other inaccurate rule citations.", "court": "Ontario LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 January 2026", "title": "Bahrani v Peters", "url": "/documents/1749/Bahrani-v-Peters-2026-SKCA-2-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's written submissions cited 14 reported decisions; court found 13 were non-existent or had mismatched neutral citations and did not support the propositions; court imposed $3,000 costs to Ms. Peters for time spent locating non-existent cases. Outcome: Misuse of AI taken into account in reducing costs owed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bahrani v Peters", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's written submissions cited 14 reported decisions; court found 13 were non-existent or had mismatched neutral citations and did not support the propositions; court imposed $3,000 costs to Ms. Peters for time spent locating non-existent cases. Outcome: Misuse of AI taken into account in reducing costs owed.", "court": "CA Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Misuse of AI taken into account in reducing costs owed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 January 2026", "title": "Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan", "url": "/documents/1242/Greenwood_v._Strata_Plan_Canada_5_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent CRT cases throughout submissions; tribunal identified these as likely AI-generated and declined to address arguments based on them.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent CRT cases throughout submissions; tribunal identified these as likely AI-generated and declined to address arguments based on them.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "Dudak (Re)", "url": "/documents/1748/Dudak-Re-2026-ABSRA-54.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the SafeRoads Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Dudak (Re)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the SafeRoads Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered.", "court": "SafeRoads Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario", "url": "/documents/1270/Mazaheri_v_Law_Society_of_Ontario_Canada_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Grok in proceedings before the Ontario Law Society Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum contained numerous non-existent and misleading case authorities generated by AI; Tribunal compiled a 15‑page chart identifying them and found no reliable authority in the materials.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Grok in proceedings before the Ontario Law Society Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum contained numerous non-existent and misleading case authorities generated by AI; Tribunal compiled a 15‑page chart identifying them and found no reliable authority in the materials.", "court": "Ontario Law Society Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grok", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Chaudhary v. Genest", "url": "/documents/1281/Chaudhary_v._Genest_Canada_29_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant attributed a direct judicial quotation to Nelles v. Ontario that does not appear in the decision; Tribunal found the quotation and propositions relied upon are not in the case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Chaudhary v. Genest", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant attributed a direct judicial quotation to Nelles v. Ontario that does not appear in the decision; Tribunal found the quotation and propositions relied upon are not in the case.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 December 2025", "title": "JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "/documents/1747/JF-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1390.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976' which does not exist; tribunal found only Helsi Construction Management Inc. v Canada (Attorney General), 1999 CanLII 8976 (FCA) under that number and held it was unrelated, so the cited authority could not be considered.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976' which does not exist; tribunal found only Helsi Construction Management Inc. v Canada (Attorney General), 1999 CanLII 8976 (FCA) under that number and held it was unrelated, so the cited authority could not be considered.", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Kalala v. Coopérative d'habitation La Fraternité Micheloise", "url": "https://www.canlii.org/fr/qc/qccs/doc/2025/2025qccs4866/2025qccs4866.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Coopérative d’habitation Le Tremplin c. Bouchard, 2009 QCCS 4521 Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kalala v. Coopérative d'habitation La Fraternité Micheloise", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Coopérative d’habitation Le Tremplin c. Bouchard, 2009 QCCS 4521 Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "CS Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Obermann v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1202/Obermann_v._ICBC_Canada.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions referred to cases that do not exist; tribunal concluded they were likely AI-generated hallucinations and declined to address those citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Obermann v. ICBC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions referred to cases that do not exist; tribunal concluded they were likely AI-generated hallucinations and declined to address those citations.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French", "url": "/documents/1282/In_re_Grey_Matter_Canada.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the IP Office. Misrepresented: Case Law | Requesting Party cited Burke‑Robertson v Carhartt Canada Ltd (1994), but Board found the decision did not stand for the principle relied upon. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the IP Office. Misrepresented: Case Law | Requesting Party cited Burke‑Robertson v Carhartt Canada Ltd (1994), but Board found the decision did not stand for the principle relied upon. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "IP Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Vicki Boomer v. Hospital Employees' Union and Interior Health Authority", "url": "/documents/1746/Vicki-Boomer-2025-BCLRB-250.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia LRB. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited \"Section 6(3)(h)\" of the Labour Relations Code; the Board observed that no such provision exists and could not determine what was referenced.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Vicki Boomer v. Hospital Employees' Union and Interior Health Authority", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia LRB. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited \"Section 6(3)(h)\" of the Labour Relations Code; the Board observed that no such provision exists and could not determine what was referenced.", "court": "British Columbia LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc.", "url": "/documents/1777/St-Roch-c.-Andritz-Hydro-Canada-inc.-2025-QCTAT-5136.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Bélanger c. Ville de Repentigny, 2008 QCCA 603'; Tribunal states this decision does not exist and was not pleaded before TAT-1.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Bélanger c. Ville de Repentigny, 2008 QCCA 603'; Tribunal states this decision does not exist and was not pleaded before TAT-1.", "court": "TAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d'Hydro-Québec", "url": "/documents/1758/Begin-Letourneau-c.-Syndicat-des-specialistes-et-professionnels.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Party submitted the citation 'Côté c. Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 1500, [1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.)'; Tribunal found it appears not to exist, likely AI-invented, and disregarded it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d'Hydro-Québec", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Party submitted the citation 'Côté c. Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 1500, [1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.)'; Tribunal found it appears not to exist, likely AI-invented, and disregarded it.", "court": "TAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Huseyin Turgut v The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/1hlt9", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court (Canada). Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Memorandum of Argument contained citations to non-existent Federal Court decisions; Court flagged the non-existing case law, required explanation, and counsel admitted error and withdrew reliance on those citations. Outcome: Withdrawal of arguments based on the disputed citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Huseyin Turgut v The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court (Canada). Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Memorandum of Argument contained citations to non-existent Federal Court decisions; Court flagged the non-existing case law, required explanation, and counsel admitted error and withdrew reliance on those citations. Outcome: Withdrawal of arguments based on the disputed citations.", "court": "Federal Court (Canada)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Withdrawal of arguments based on the disputed citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Barrette v Wevers", "url": "/documents/1437/Barrette_v._Wevers_Canada_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | One non-existent case authority cited in the appellant's factum and oral submissions; the Court found it fabricated Outcome: Adverse Costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Barrette v Wevers", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | One non-existent case authority cited in the appellant's factum and oral submissions; the Court found it fabricated Outcome: Adverse Costs.", "court": "KB Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382", "url": "/documents/1757/Balogun-v.-Wentworth-Standard-Condominium.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's response cited a non-existent case to support that the Tribunal had jurisdiction; Tribunal found the case does not exist and characterized it as an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's response cited a non-existent case to support that the Tribunal had jurisdiction; Tribunal found the case does not exist and characterized it as an AI hallucination.", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "J.V.E.C. v S.M.D.", "url": "/documents/1745/J.V.E.C.-v-S.M.D.-2025-SKKB-203-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Mother admitted she had cited cases that may not exist in her brief, attributing this to use of Google; court found the citations misleading and a waste of time.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "J.V.E.C. v S.M.D.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Mother admitted she had cited cases that may not exist in her brief, attributing this to use of Google; court found the citations misleading and a waste of time.", "court": "KB Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187", "url": "/documents/1127/Heneghan_v._The_Owners_Strata_Plan_187_Canada_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant submitted a case citation in support of her argument; tribunal found the case does not exist and concluded it was likely an AI-generated fabrication.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant submitted a case citation in support of her argument; tribunal found the case does not exist and concluded it was likely an AI-generated fabrication.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc", "url": "/documents/1741/Internet-Sciences-Inc-v-CNSX-Markets-Inc-2025-ONCMT-17-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CMT Ontario. Fabricated: Legal Norm Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CMT Ontario. Fabricated: Legal Norm Outcome: Warning.", "court": "CMT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Wang, Fengxi (Re)", "url": "/documents/1744/Wang-Fengxi-Re-2025-ONSC-6707.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667' which the court could not locate on CanLII; court concluded it was a non-existent authority likely generated by AI. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Wang, Fengxi (Re)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667' which the court could not locate on CanLII; court concluded it was a non-existent authority likely generated by AI. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc.", "url": "/documents/1126/Obermann_v._Spring_Financial_Inc._Canada_28_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions cited non-existent case law and authorities; tribunal described these as likely AI-generated and declined to address them as having no basis in law.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions cited non-existent case law and authorities; tribunal described these as likely AI-generated and declined to address them as having no basis in law.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Chan v. British Columbia", "url": "/documents/1742/Chan-v.-British-Columbia-Workers-Compensation-Appeal-Tribunal-2025-BCCA-452-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on AI-generated case law that the court found did not exist; court cited this misconduct in ordering security for costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Chan v. British Columbia", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on AI-generated case law that the court found did not exist; court cited this misconduct in ordering security for costs.", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development", "url": "/documents/1743/PL-v-Minister-of-Employment-and-Social-Development-2025-SST-1237.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Gattellaro v. Canada (AG), 2005 FCA 83; Tribunal found the case does not exist and treated it as a fabricated authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Gattellaro v. Canada (AG), 2005 FCA 83; Tribunal found the case does not exist and treated it as a fabricated authority.", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Lessard c. Longuépée", "url": "/documents/1286/Lessard_v._Longu%C3%A9p%C3%A9e_Canada_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Leblanc c. Lacasse, C.Q. 2005' from ChatGPT; court found no such decision exists and the AI reference was fabricated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lessard c. Longuépée", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Leblanc c. Lacasse, C.Q. 2005' from ChatGPT; court found no such decision exists and the AI reference was fabricated. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital", "url": "/documents/1082/Walker_v._Collinwood_Canada_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301' as HRTO authority; Tribunal located Dhanjal as a 1996 CHRT decision (CanLII 2385) and not as the HRTO citation provided, indicating a misattribution of the source. Outcome: Request for Reconsideration denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301' as HRTO authority; Tribunal located Dhanjal as a 1996 CHRT decision (CanLII 2385) and not as the HRTO citation provided, indicating a misattribution of the source. Outcome: Request for Reconsideration denied.", "court": "Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Request for Reconsideration denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs c. Centre L’Autre Maison inc.", "url": "/documents/1108/Syndicat_v._Lautre_maison_Canada_21_Novembre_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Tribunal d'arbitrage (Québec). Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted at final pleadings for 'Commission scolaire régionale Chauveau c. Roberge, [1980] C.A. 37' could not be located; court searched SOQUIJ and employer failed to produce text, concluding the decision likely does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs c. Centre L’Autre Maison inc.", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Tribunal d'arbitrage (Québec). Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted at final pleadings for 'Commission scolaire régionale Chauveau c. Roberge, [1980] C.A. 37' could not be located; court searched SOQUIJ and employer failed to produce text, concluding the decision likely does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Tribunal d'arbitrage (Québec)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "R v Wallace", "url": "/documents/1739/R-v-Wallace-2025-NBKB-268.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB New Brunswick. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "R v Wallace", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB New Brunswick. Fabricated: Case Law", "court": "KB New Brunswick", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3)", "url": "/documents/1740/RR-v.-Fraser-Health-Authority-and-others-No.3-2025-BCHRT-287-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia HRT. Fabricated: Case Law | RR cited 13 case authorities in her submissions that could not be located; Respondents queried the names in ChatGPT and obtained similar summaries, leading the Tribunal to conclude the cases were likely AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia HRT. Fabricated: Case Law | RR cited 13 case authorities in her submissions that could not be located; Respondents queried the names in ChatGPT and obtained similar summaries, leading the Tribunal to conclude the cases were likely AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "court": "British Columbia HRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Yuehong v. The Minister of Citizenship & Immigration", "url": "/documents/1076/Yuehong_v._Minister_of_Citizenship__Immigration_Canada_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Further memorandum contained incorrect or non-existent case citations; Respondent's Appendix A identified 11 incorrect references and explained errors; Court found counsel did not verify citations. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Refusal to Anonymize Counsel's Identity.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yuehong v. The Minister of Citizenship & Immigration", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Further memorandum contained incorrect or non-existent case citations; Respondent's Appendix A identified 11 incorrect references and explained errors; Court found counsel did not verify citations. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Refusal to Anonymize Counsel's Identity.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Refusal to Anonymize Counsel's Identity", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "DJ v SN", "url": "/documents/1107/DJ_v._SN_Canada_19_Novembre_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's factum cited three non-existent authorities generated by AI; appellant admitted at hearing they were AI-generated and the court imposed additional costs. Outcome: Additional Costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DJ v SN", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's factum cited three non-existent authorities generated by AI; appellant admitted at hearing they were AI-generated and the court imposed additional costs. Outcome: Additional Costs.", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Additional Costs", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Wang v. Mongeon", "url": "/documents/1738/Wang-v.-Mongeon-2025-HRTO-2859.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited \"Wong v. Toronto (City), 2022 HRTO 987\"; Tribunal found no such decision and that the citation number corresponds to a different case unrelated to the matter.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Wang v. Mongeon", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited \"Wong v. Toronto (City), 2022 HRTO 987\"; Tribunal found no such decision and that the citation number corresponds to a different case unrelated to the matter.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Small Moves Canada Inc. v. Garner", "url": "/documents/1125/Small_Moves_Canada_Inc._v._Garner_Canada_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant alleged breach of the 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act'; Tribunal determined no such Act exists in BC and refused to consider the unpleaded fraud claim. Outcome: Tribunal found the cited 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act' does not exist and declined to consider or add fraud claims based on it..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Small Moves Canada Inc. v. Garner", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant alleged breach of the 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act'; Tribunal determined no such Act exists in BC and refused to consider the unpleaded fraud claim. Outcome: Tribunal found the cited 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act' does not exist and declined to consider or add fraud claims based on it..", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Tribunal found the cited 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act' does not exist and declined to consider or add fraud claims based on it.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Azar c. Université de Montréal", "url": "/documents/1855/Azar-c.-Universite-de-Montreal-2025-QCCA-1442.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Quebec CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on numerous case-law authorities that the Respondent demonstrated do not exist; Respondent characterized them as likely AI-generated hallucinations and the court noted the applicant gave no explanation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Azar c. Université de Montréal", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Quebec CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on numerous case-law authorities that the Respondent demonstrated do not exist; Respondent characterized them as likely AI-generated hallucinations and the court noted the applicant gave no explanation.", "court": "Quebec CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "B… S… v. Ministre responsable de la Solidarité sociale et de l'Action communautaire", "url": "/documents/1904/BS-v.-Minister-responsible-for-Social-Solidarity.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the TAQ Québec. False Quotes: Legal Norm | AI-generated notice presented text purporting to be article 55 of the LAPF and article 69 of its regulation that did not match the official statutory text; Tribunal found the presented text false.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "B… S… v. Ministre responsable de la Solidarité sociale et de l'Action communautaire", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the TAQ Québec. False Quotes: Legal Norm | AI-generated notice presented text purporting to be article 55 of the LAPF and article 69 of its regulation that did not match the official statutory text; Tribunal found the presented text false.", "court": "TAQ Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Choi v. Slopinski", "url": "/documents/1736/Choi-v.-Slopinski-2025-BCSC-2226.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on 'Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403' (cited as a Supreme Court of Canada decision); defendants' counsel advised the court it is not a real case and the court noted it is not real.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Choi v. Slopinski", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on 'Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403' (cited as a Supreme Court of Canada decision); defendants' counsel advised the court it is not a real case and the court noted it is not real.", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1086/BC_Taco_Restaurant_Group_Canada_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the BC Employment Standards Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal found multiple case citations in BC Taco's reply submissions either did not exist or did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the Tribunal flagged these as likely AI-generated fabricated authorities and deemed them unreliable.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd.", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the BC Employment Standards Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal found multiple case citations in BC Taco's reply submissions either did not exist or did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the Tribunal flagged these as likely AI-generated fabricated authorities and deemed them unreliable.", "court": "BC Employment Standards Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "S… F… c. I… O…", "url": "/documents/1734/Droit-de-la-famille-251792-2025-QCCS-4505-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Québec SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent judicial decisions in submissions and oral argument; court found the decisions did not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S… F… c. I… O…", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Québec SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent judicial decisions in submissions and oral argument; court found the decisions did not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Québec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association", "url": "/documents/1085/O.K._v._Southern_Ontario_Secondary_Schools_Association_Canada_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited and quoted a non-existent B.C. Human Rights Tribunal decision 'Hodges v. Triathlon Canada'; Tribunal could not locate the decision and counsel admitted it was cited incorrectly.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited and quoted a non-existent B.C. Human Rights Tribunal decision 'Hodges v. Triathlon Canada'; Tribunal could not locate the decision and counsel admitted it was cited incorrectly.", "court": "Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Bourse de l'Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier", "url": "/documents/1077/Bourse_de_limmobilier_v._Christel_Lantier_Canada_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Document généré par ChatGPT citant une décision inexistante au paragraphe 4.3; la Cour constate la fiction de la référence. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bourse de l'Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Document généré par ChatGPT citant une décision inexistante au paragraphe 4.3; la Cour constate la fiction de la référence. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "court": "CS Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "750 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al", "url": "/documents/1733/The-Vancor-Group-Inc.-v.-2744364-Ontario-Limited-et-al-2025-ONSC-5925.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Monitor identified and court found that 'Valgardson v. British Columbia, 2020 BCCA 20' does not exist; cited by Mr. Schaller in his factum and characterized as an AI-generated fabricated case. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Monitor identified and court found that 'Valgardson v. British Columbia, 2020 BCCA 20' does not exist; cited by Mr. Schaller in his factum and characterized as an AI-generated fabricated case. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Wu v. Murray", "url": "/documents/902/2025bcca365.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant admitted an AI-generated written submission produced a fabricated case citation on a central point Outcome: Costs order took hallucinations into account.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Wu v. Murray", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant admitted an AI-generated written submission produced a fabricated case citation on a central point Outcome: Costs order took hallucinations into account.", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs order took hallucinations into account", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "X.L. v. Z.L. et al", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/lk1ph", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter, 2011 ONSC 5840 could not be located (hyperlink led to an error); court treated it as AI-generated. Outcome: No reliance on authorities submitted; Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "X.L. v. Z.L. et al", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter, 2011 ONSC 5840 could not be located (hyperlink led to an error); court treated it as AI-generated. Outcome: No reliance on authorities submitted; Monetary Sanction.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No reliance on authorities submitted; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "T.B. v K.M.", "url": "/documents/975/2025skkb176.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the King's Bench for Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'A.M. v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162, 45 CPC (8th) 212' but the citation actually corresponded to Watch v Live Nation Entertainment Inc.; court found the citation incorrect and the brief unreliable. Outcome: Court declined to award costs to applicant; portions of the reply brief were struck; admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "T.B. v K.M.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the King's Bench for Saskatchewan. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'A.M. v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162, 45 CPC (8th) 212' but the citation actually corresponded to Watch v Live Nation Entertainment Inc.; court found the citation incorrect and the brief unreliable. Outcome: Court declined to award costs to applicant; portions of the reply brief were struck; admonishment.", "court": "King's Bench for Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court declined to award costs to applicant; portions of the reply brief were struck; admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 October 2025", "title": "Gilles Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/113234", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Lambert c. Laval, 2019 QCTAQ 0678'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gilles Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Lambert c. Laval, 2019 QCTAQ 0678'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous.", "court": "TA Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 October 2025", "title": "Visca v. Halton District School Board", "url": "/documents/1731/Visca-v.-Halton-District-School-Board-2025-HRTO-2547.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708'; Tribunal noted the reference was not found/does not appear to exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Visca v. Halton District School Board", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708'; Tribunal noted the reference was not found/does not appear to exist.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Ren v. Area 09", "url": "/documents/870/Ren_v_Area_Canada.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BCPAAB. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited three Board/BC Court decisions to support a 20% downward adjustment; the Assessor's search found no such decisions and the Board concluded the cited decisions do not exist. Outcome: Breach of Board's Code of Conduct.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ren v. Area 09", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BCPAAB. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited three Board/BC Court decisions to support a 20% downward adjustment; the Assessor's search found no such decisions and the Board concluded the cited decisions do not exist. Outcome: Breach of Board's Code of Conduct.", "court": "BCPAAB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Breach of Board's Code of Conduct", "monetary_penalty": "910 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees", "url": "/documents/1130/Deslile_Canada_3_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the FPSLREB. Fabricated: Case Law | The complainant cited approximately 51 cases; the Board could locate only 6 and concluded many of the cited decisions do not appear to exist, indicating fabricated case law likely generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the FPSLREB. Fabricated: Case Law | The complainant cited approximately 51 cases; the Board could locate only 6 and concluded many of the cited decisions do not appear to exist, indicating fabricated case law likely generated by AI.", "court": "FPSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "Backhaus v. Area 01", "url": "/documents/928/Backhaus_v_Area_01_Canada_2_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Property Assessment Appeal Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case the Board could not locate; Board concluded it likely does not exist and excluded it from evidence. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Backhaus v. Area 01", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Property Assessment Appeal Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case the Board could not locate; Board concluded it likely does not exist and excluded it from evidence. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "BC Property Assessment Appeal Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Hogan v. Treasury Board", "url": "/documents/1756/Hogan-v.-Treasury-Board-Department-of-Employment.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal PSLREB. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Complainant repeatedly quoted an invented version of s.129(6) of the Canada Labour Code to claim entitlement to continued wages; the Board noted the quoted wording is fabricated and irrelevant because no directions were made by the Head.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hogan v. Treasury Board", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal PSLREB. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Complainant repeatedly quoted an invented version of s.129(6) of the Canada Labour Code to claim entitlement to continued wages; the Board noted the quoted wording is fabricated and irrelevant because no directions were made by the Head.", "court": "Federal PSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/lk1ph", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Contest filed by Respondent included (at least eight) non-existent case authorities generated by AI; opposing counsel identified the irregularity and Court treated them as fabricated citations constituting serious procedural misconduct. Outcome: Monetary sanction for procedural misconduct.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CS Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | Contest filed by Respondent included (at least eight) non-existent case authorities generated by AI; opposing counsel identified the irregularity and Court treated them as fabricated citations constituting serious procedural misconduct. Outcome: Monetary sanction for procedural misconduct.", "court": "CS Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction for procedural misconduct", "monetary_penalty": "5000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Reddy v Saroya", "url": "/documents/844/Reddy_v._Saroya_Canada.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's initial factum contained seven cited cases that could not be found (six purportedly ABCA decisions); court found they were likely fabricated and traced to use of a large language model; amended factum was permitted and costs referred. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Reddy v Saroya", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Alberta. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's initial factum contained seven cited cases that could not be found (six purportedly ABCA decisions); court found they were likely fabricated and traced to use of a large language model; amended factum was permitted and costs referred. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "17550 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Salem v. Deputy Head", "url": "/documents/1730/Salem-v.-Deputy-Head-Department-of-Health-2025-FPSLREB-122.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal PSLREB. Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Salem v. Deputy Head", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal PSLREB. Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation.", "court": "Federal PSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Messa v. Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration", "url": "/documents/1898/Messa-v.-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2025-FC-1557_1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | The memorandum quoted Vavilov at para 125 in a way that suggested the court should 're‑weigh' evidence on judicial review, contrary to Vavilov's holding; the court identified this as a misstatement indicative of AI drafting or misunderstanding. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Messa v. Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Federal Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | The memorandum quoted Vavilov at para 125 in a way that suggested the court should 're‑weigh' evidence on judicial review, contrary to Vavilov's holding; the court identified this as a misstatement indicative of AI drafting or misunderstanding. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario", "url": "/documents/814/2025onca669.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ontario. Fabricated: Legal Norm | The factums referenced statutory provisions that do not exist (fabricated legal norms); court flagged the references as invented.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ontario. Fabricated: Legal Norm | The factums referenced statutory provisions that do not exist (fabricated legal norms); court flagged the references as invented.", "court": "CA Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 September 2025", "title": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc.", "url": "/documents/889/R%C3%A9gie_du_Batiment_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_v._Al..pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Régie du bâtiment du Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | A 191‑page written submission filed by the respondents cited numerous judgments that the Bureau could not locate and concluded many authorities did not exist; the Court rejected reliance on them. Outcome: Disregarded AI-generated arguments.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Régie du bâtiment du Québec. Fabricated: Case Law | A 191‑page written submission filed by the respondents cited numerous judgments that the Bureau could not locate and concluded many authorities did not exist; the Court rejected reliance on them. Outcome: Disregarded AI-generated arguments.", "court": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Disregarded AI-generated arguments", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "Re X Corp.", "url": "/documents/768/re_X_Corp_Canada_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. False Quotes: Case Law | Reply included a block quote attributed to paragraph 150 of a cited case, but the case has only 124 paragraphs; the quoted passage does not exist and the court flagged it as false/misleading. Outcome: Claim for compensation dismissed due to false and misleading AI-assisted submissions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Re X Corp.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. False Quotes: Case Law | Reply included a block quote attributed to paragraph 150 of a cited case, but the case has only 124 paragraphs; the quoted passage does not exist and the court flagged it as false/misleading. Outcome: Claim for compensation dismissed due to false and misleading AI-assisted submissions.", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Claim for compensation dismissed due to false and misleading AI-assisted submissions", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Lockwood v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/747/AB-2023-008720_Decision.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited non-existent or inapplicable sections of regulations in her reply submissions; the Tribunal found these likely AI-generated and described the submissions as confusing, effectively disregarding those citations. Outcome: Argument ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lockwood v. ICBC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited non-existent or inapplicable sections of regulations in her reply submissions; the Tribunal found these likely AI-generated and described the submissions as confusing, effectively disregarding those citations. Outcome: Argument ignored.", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/96840", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario Labour Relations Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario Labour Relations Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "court": "Ontario Labour Relations Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "/documents/743/Myers_v._Tarion_Warranty_Corp_Canada.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited cases that the Tribunal could not locate and determined did not appear to exist. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited cases that the Tribunal could not locate and determined did not appear to exist. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "court": "Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/111710", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the LAT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Bastide vs. Tarion WarrantyCorporation (2017)", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the LAT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Bastide vs. Tarion WarrantyCorporation (2017)", "court": "LAT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network", "url": "/documents/1728/MacEachern-Flatt-v.-University-Health-Network-2025-HRTO-2125.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited case law that did not appear to exist; Tribunal noted the citations were not found and relied on that in dismissing the contention of conflicting jurisprudence.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited case law that did not appear to exist; Tribunal noted the citations were not found and relied on that in dismissing the contention of conflicting jurisprudence.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "WCAT Decision A2501051 (Hilary Thomson)", "url": "/documents/927/A2501051_Re_Canada_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Cited Policy D3-115-1 as recognizing late prohibited action complaints; tribunal found D3-115-1 is not a current Prevention Manual policy and does not support the asserted proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "WCAT Decision A2501051 (Hilary Thomson)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Cited Policy D3-115-1 as recognizing late prohibited action complaints; tribunal found D3-115-1 is not a current Prevention Manual policy and does not support the asserted proposition.", "court": "BC Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "/documents/1727/XH-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1097.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant submitted multiple non-existent case citations (examples provided in GD09); Tribunal identified them as fabricated and refused to rely on them. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Social Security Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant submitted multiple non-existent case citations (examples provided in GD09); Tribunal identified them as fabricated and refused to rely on them. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.", "url": "/documents/713/Maxwell_v._WestJet_Airlines_Ltd._Canada_15_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent case in his reply; tribunal inferred ChatGPT likely hallucinated it and gave it no weight. Outcome: Argument given no weight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent case in his reply; tribunal inferred ChatGPT likely hallucinated it and gave it no weight. Outcome: Argument given no weight.", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Argument given no weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Yashcheshen v. Saskatchewan Government Insurance", "url": "/documents/1854/Yashcheshen-v-Saskatchewan-Government-Insurance-2025-SKKB-127.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Saskatchewan. False Quotes: Case Law | SGI identified a purported quotation at para. 33 of the plaintiff's Brief of Law attributed to a Supreme Court of Canada decision that does not appear in that decision; the court noted it was probably AI-generated and the plaintiff denied use of ChatGPT.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yashcheshen v. Saskatchewan Government Insurance", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the KB Saskatchewan. False Quotes: Case Law | SGI identified a purported quotation at para. 33 of the plaintiff's Brief of Law attributed to a Supreme Court of Canada decision that does not appear in that decision; the court noted it was probably AI-generated and the plaintiff denied use of ChatGPT.", "court": "KB Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 August 2025", "title": "Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley", "url": "/documents/1726/Blinds-to-Go-Inc.-c.-Blachley-2025-QCCS-3190.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Quebec SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Quebec SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'.", "court": "Quebec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Musselman v. Vanderstelt", "url": "/documents/845/Musselman_v._Vanderstelt.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | One of two purported CanLII cases cited by the appellant to support that security for costs is exceptional could not be located; registry queried the citation; judge concluded it likely does not exist and was an AI 'hallucination'. Outcome: Weighed in deciding to grant security for trial costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Musselman v. Vanderstelt", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | One of two purported CanLII cases cited by the appellant to support that security for costs is exceptional could not be located; registry queried the citation; judge concluded it likely does not exist and was an AI 'hallucination'. Outcome: Weighed in deciding to grant security for trial costs.", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Weighed in deciding to grant security for trial costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al.", "url": "/documents/651/Halton_Regional_Municipality_v._Rewa_et_al._Canada_1_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SJC. Fabricated: Case Law | Rewa advanced a non-existent expansive disclosure test (“train of inquiry” relevance) attributed to the fabricated MacMillan Bloedel case; the court found the legal proposition itself to be non-existent. Outcome: Motion adjourned, opposing party's costs to be compensated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ontario SJC. Fabricated: Case Law | Rewa advanced a non-existent expansive disclosure test (“train of inquiry” relevance) attributed to the fabricated MacMillan Bloedel case; the court found the legal proposition itself to be non-existent. Outcome: Motion adjourned, opposing party's costs to be compensated.", "court": "Ontario SJC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion adjourned, opposing party's costs to be compensated", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "WCAT Decision A2402099", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/82587", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC WCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Worker submitted AI-generated or fictitious case law in support of claims; WCAT noted prior sanctions for reliance on such fabricated citations and relied on this conduct as evidence of vexatious litigation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "WCAT Decision A2402099", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC WCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Worker submitted AI-generated or fictitious case law in support of claims; WCAT noted prior sanctions for reliance on such fabricated citations and relied on this conduct as evidence of vexatious litigation.", "court": "BC WCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Hakemi v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1724/Hakemi-v.-ICBC-2025-BCCRT-1035-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a CRT decision purportedly supporting his claim for interest; Tribunal found the CRT decision does not exist and treated it as a fabricated case, likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hakemi v. ICBC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC CRT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a CRT decision purportedly supporting his claim for interest; Tribunal found the CRT decision does not exist and treated it as a fabricated case, likely AI-generated.", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited", "url": "/documents/650/Pennytech_Inc_v_Superior_Building_Group_Limited_Canada_21_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited LTB decision could not be located on CanLII. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited LTB decision could not be located on CanLII. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Moradi v. British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal)", "url": "/documents/740/Moradi_v._BC_Whole_Foods_Market_Canada_18_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Supreme Court of British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Index of authorities contained close to thirty new authorities, 22 of which the Court found were generated by ChatGPT and were not real cases; petitioner admitted they were produced by ChatGPT and 'turned out to be incorrect.' Court relied on this in assessing costs. Outcome: Misconduct taken into account in allocating costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Moradi v. British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Supreme Court of British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Index of authorities contained close to thirty new authorities, 22 of which the Court found were generated by ChatGPT and were not real cases; petitioner admitted they were produced by ChatGPT and 'turned out to be incorrect.' Court relied on this in assessing costs. Outcome: Misconduct taken into account in allocating costs.", "court": "Supreme Court of British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Misconduct taken into account in allocating costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "Blaser v. Campbell", "url": "/documents/590/Blaser_v._Campbell_Canada_15_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent Melanie Campbell cited a case allegedly holding speakers/entertainment systems are chattels; the tribunal could not locate it and found it likely an AI-generated hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blaser v. Campbell", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent Melanie Campbell cited a case allegedly holding speakers/entertainment systems are chattels; the tribunal could not locate it and found it likely an AI-generated hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Lloyd’s Register Canada v. Munchang Choi", "url": "/documents/584/Lloyds_Register_Canada_Ltd._v._Munchang_Choi_Canada_10_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court of Canada. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case; the Court found “Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777” does not exist and was apparently AI-generated. Outcome: Motion Record removed from Court file; costs awarded to Applicant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lloyd’s Register Canada v. Munchang Choi", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court of Canada. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case; the Court found “Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777” does not exist and was apparently AI-generated. Outcome: Motion Record removed from Court file; costs awarded to Applicant.", "court": "Federal Court of Canada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion Record removed from Court file; costs awarded to Applicant", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "NCR v KKB", "url": "/documents/595/2025abkb417.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta. Misrepresented: Case Law Outcome: The court disregarded the fabricated citations and did not impose costs on the self-represented litigant..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCR v KKB", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta. Misrepresented: Case Law Outcome: The court disregarded the fabricated citations and did not impose costs on the self-represented litigant..", "court": "Court of King’s Bench of Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "The court disregarded the fabricated citations and did not impose costs on the self-represented litigant.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532", "url": "/documents/1723/Dhuruvasangary-v.-Toronto-Standard-Condominium-Corporation-No.-1532-2025-ONCAT-115.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30'; Tribunal found this case does not exist and did not consider arguments based on it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ONCAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30'; Tribunal found this case does not exist and did not consider arguments based on it.", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "AQ v. BW", "url": "/documents/547/AQ_v._BW_Canada_4_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Both parties relied on a hallucinated version of CRTA section 92. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AQ v. BW", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Both parties relied on a hallucinated version of CRTA section 92. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector", "url": "/documents/739/Lapointe_v._Chief_Animal_Welfare_Inspector_Canada_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ontario's Animal Care Review Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Citations to non-existent cases or cases that do not support the legal propositions relied upon; Board warned it will disregard such information if relied upon at hearing. Outcome: AI-generated materials excluded from evidence.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ontario's Animal Care Review Board. Fabricated: Case Law | Citations to non-existent cases or cases that do not support the legal propositions relied upon; Board warned it will disregard such information if relied upon at hearing. Outcome: AI-generated materials excluded from evidence.", "court": "Ontario's Animal Care Review Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "AI-generated materials excluded from evidence", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning v. Department of Public Works", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/59520", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Canadian ITT. Fabricated: Case Law | Enviro cited a Tribunal decision titled 'MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041)' as precedent; the Tribunal found this decision does not appear to exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning v. Department of Public Works", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Canadian ITT. Fabricated: Case Law | Enviro cited a Tribunal decision titled 'MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041)' as precedent; the Tribunal found this decision does not appear to exist.", "court": "Canadian ITT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "Hussein v. Canada", "url": "/documents/573/Hussein_v._Canada_Canada_24_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Visto.Ai in proceedings before the Ottawa. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s counsel cited several non-existent cases in the written submissions (offending factum); the Court issued four directions before counsel admitted AI use caused the error. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hussein v. Canada", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Visto.Ai in proceedings before the Ottawa. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s counsel cited several non-existent cases in the written submissions (offending factum); the Court issued four directions before counsel admitted AI use caused the error. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "court": "Ottawa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Visto.Ai", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "100 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Monfared v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/133075", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGTP in proceedings before the IRB. Fabricated: Case Law | IAD found counsel's submissions contained fabricated case law and documents (AI-generated). The panel noted examples of fabricated or wildly misrepresented authorities in the submissions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Monfared v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGTP in proceedings before the IRB. Fabricated: Case Law | IAD found counsel's submissions contained fabricated case law and documents (AI-generated). The panel noted examples of fabricated or wildly misrepresented authorities in the submissions.", "court": "IRB", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGTP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "J.R.V. v. N.L.V.", "url": "/documents/570/J.R.V._v._N.L.V._Canada_19_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written argument cited non-existent case law generated by AI; the Court labeled these 'hallucinations' and imposed $200 costs, noting some but not all accusations by the claimant were correct. Outcome: Costs to the claimant in the amount of $200..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "J.R.V. v. N.L.V.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC British Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written argument cited non-existent case law generated by AI; the Court labeled these 'hallucinations' and imposed $200 costs, noting some but not all accusations by the claimant were correct. Outcome: Costs to the claimant in the amount of $200..", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs to the claimant in the amount of $200.", "monetary_penalty": "200 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 June 2025", "title": "Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency", "url": "/documents/580/Attorney_General_v._32000_in_Canadian_Currency_Canada_16_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent Ontario Court of Appeal precedent; court could not locate it on CanLII, requested the case, and later deemed the original citation fictitious after a 'clarification' provided different citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent Ontario Court of Appeal precedent; court could not locate it on CanLII, requested the case, and later deemed the original citation fictitious after a 'clarification' provided different citations. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, Peggy Pulliam, Jese Stovka", "url": "https://canlii.ca/t/62624", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario LRB. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent decision; Board noted the cited case does not appear to exist and that the citation provided (McDonald v CAAT Academic Union, 2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB)) could not be found.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, Peggy Pulliam, Jese Stovka", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario LRB. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent decision; Board noted the cited case does not appear to exist and that the citation provided (McDonald v CAAT Academic Union, 2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB)) could not be found.", "court": "Ontario LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "Zahariev v. Zaharieva", "url": "/documents/741/Zahariev_v._Zaharieva_Canada_9_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court of British Columbia. Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner cited Thomson v. Thomson for a specific proposition that the judge could not locate; court found the case did not contain the asserted proposition (misrepresented precedent).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zahariev v. Zaharieva", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court of British Columbia. Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner cited Thomson v. Thomson for a specific proposition that the judge could not locate; court found the case did not contain the asserted proposition (misrepresented precedent).", "court": "Supreme Court of British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 June 2025", "title": "Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc.", "url": "/documents/1719/Lakhanpal-v.-Avis-Budget-Group-Inc.-2025-HRTO-1410.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO'; Tribunal found no such decision exists and gave it no weight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HRT Ontario. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO'; Tribunal found no such decision exists and gave it no weight.", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 May 2025", "title": "Ko v. Li", "url": "/documents/451/Ko_v._Li_Ontario_SC_Canada_May_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated precedent case cited in Ms. Lee’s factum (one of several); the judge could find no record of it and Ms. Lee later confirmed it was an AI-generated hallucination from ChatGPT; the factum was revised to remove fake citations. Outcome: Plaintiff’s application dismissed; no costs imposed; court warns against future use of generative AI without verification.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ko v. Li", "description_zh": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated precedent case cited in Ms. Lee’s factum (one of several); the judge could find no record of it and Ms. Lee later confirmed it was an AI-generated hallucination from ChatGPT; the factum was revised to remove fake citations. Outcome: Plaintiff’s application dismissed; no costs imposed; court warns against future use of generative AI without verification.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Plaintiff’s application dismissed; no costs imposed; court warns against future use of generative AI without verification", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "R. v. Chand", "url": "https://www.canlii.org/en/on/oncj/doc/2025/2025oncj282/2025oncj282.html", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law Outcome: Warning and Directions for Remainder of case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "R. v. Chand", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Ontario. Misrepresented: Case Law Outcome: Warning and Directions for Remainder of case.", "court": "Ontario", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning and Directions for Remainder of case", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233", "url": "/documents/1718/Shakori-v-Tern-2025-ONLTB-31233-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the LTB (Ontario). Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant provided multiple case citations and ratios that could not be located; post‑hearing submission admitted they were found using ChatGPT and the Board found them fictitious/unlocatable and not instructive.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the LTB (Ontario). Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant provided multiple case citations and ratios that could not be located; post‑hearing submission admitted they were found using ChatGPT and the Board found them fictitious/unlocatable and not instructive.", "court": "LTB (Ontario)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 May 2025", "title": "Lozano González v. Roberge", "url": "/documents/596/Lozano_Gonz%C3%A1lez_c._Roberge_Canada_1_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Housing Administrative Tribunal. False Quotes: Legal Norm | False translation of Articles 1960 and 1962 from the Code civil du Québec.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lozano González v. Roberge", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Housing Administrative Tribunal. False Quotes: Legal Norm | False translation of Articles 1960 and 1962 from the Code civil du Québec.", "court": "Housing Administrative Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 April 2025", "title": "Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc.", "url": "/documents/457/Simpson_v._Hung_Long_Enterprises_Inc._Canada_25_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the B.C. Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a 2018 CRT case 'Smith v. Doe' that the tribunal states does not exist; used to argue CRT had fined participants under s.92. Outcome: Other side compensated for time spent through costs order (500 CAD).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the B.C. Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a 2018 CRT case 'Smith v. Doe' that the tribunal states does not exist; used to argue CRT had fined participants under s.92. Outcome: Other side compensated for time spent through costs order (500 CAD).", "court": "B.C. Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Other side compensated for time spent through costs order (500 CAD)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak", "url": "/documents/534/SQBox_Solutions_Ltd._v._Oak_31_March_2025_Canada.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. Misrepresented: Case Law | Another cited case in the submissions did not stand for the stated proposition. Outcome: Litigant lost on merits.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal. Misrepresented: Case Law | Another cited case in the submissions did not stand for the stated proposition. Outcome: Litigant lost on merits.", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Litigant lost on merits", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "AQ v. BT", "url": "https://decisions.civilresolutionbc.ca/crt/ini/en/item/527497/index.do", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CRT. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Party refered to CRT rule 7 authority for awarding special costs. CRT rule 7 has nothing to do with awarding costs. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AQ v. BT", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CRT. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Party refered to CRT rule 7 authority for awarding special costs. CRT rule 7 has nothing to do with awarding costs. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "court": "CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Re Nicholson", "url": "/documents/1717/Re-Nicholson-2025-ONSC-1069-compressed.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Kenwood Hills Inc., 2015 ONSC 4481' in his submissions; court could not locate any such decision and treated it as a fictitious authority possibly generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Re Nicholson", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ontario SCJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Kenwood Hills Inc., 2015 ONSC 4481' in his submissions; court could not locate any such decision and treated it as a fictitious authority possibly generated by AI.", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 February 2025", "title": "Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970", "url": "/documents/471/Geismayr_v_The_Owners_Strata_Plan_KAS_1970_CRT_Canada_14_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Copilot in proceedings before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. Outcome: Citations ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Copilot in proceedings before the Civil Resolution Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. Outcome: Citations ignored.", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "Citations ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "Duarte v. City of Richmond", "url": "/documents/571/Duarte_v._City_of_Richmond_Canada_18_December_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'R v. C.P. Rail (1994)' as authority that union affiliation is protected; the City and Tribunal could not locate the case and the Tribunal declined to rely on it, noting the 'R' criminal style and federal jurisdiction made it unlikely. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Duarte v. City of Richmond", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'R v. C.P. Rail (1994)' as authority that union affiliation is protected; the City and Tribunal could not locate the case and the Tribunal declined to rely on it, noting the 'R' criminal style and federal jurisdiction made it unlikely. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 November 2024", "title": "Monster Energy Company v. Pacific Smoke International Inc.", "url": "/documents/568/Monster_Energy_Company_v_Pacific_Smoke_International_Inc._Canada_20_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a non-existent case for the non-distinctiveness ground; the Board identified it as an AI hallucination, disregarded the submission, and warned about false citations (citing Zhang v Chen). Outcome: The fabricated citation was disregarded by the court..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Monster Energy Company v. Pacific Smoke International Inc.", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a non-existent case for the non-distinctiveness ground; the Board identified it as an AI hallucination, disregarded the submission, and warned about false citations (citing Zhang v Chen). Outcome: The fabricated citation was disregarded by the court..", "court": "Canadian Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "The fabricated citation was disregarded by the court.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "CARB 188903M-2024 (Calgary Assessment Review Board)", "url": "/documents/1716/CARB-188903M-2024-Re-2024-ABCGYARB-2188903-compressed.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Calgary ARB. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent identified a legal citation in the Complainant's rebuttal (pp. 44-46) that could not be found in standard research sources; the Board gave no weight to the citation and ignored it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CARB 188903M-2024 (Calgary Assessment Review Board)", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Calgary ARB. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent identified a legal citation in the Complainant's rebuttal (pp. 44-46) that could not be found in standard research sources; the Board gave no weight to the citation and ignored it.", "court": "Calgary ARB", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 November 2024", "title": "Rajabi c. Lassalle", "url": "/documents/1715/Rajabi-c.-Lassalle-2024-QCTAL-35477.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAL Montréal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited 'Roussel(le) c. Bergeron, 2011 QCRDL 2005 CanLII'; Tribunal noted the reference was introuvable.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rajabi c. Lassalle", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TAL Montréal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited 'Roussel(le) c. Bergeron, 2011 QCRDL 2005 CanLII'; Tribunal noted the reference was introuvable.", "court": "TAL Montréal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 August 2024", "title": "Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. v. Sara Ghassai", "url": "/documents/572/Industria_de_Dise%C3%B1o_Textil_S.A._v_Sara_Ghassai_Canada_12_August_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated or misrepresented citations Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. v. Sara Ghassai", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated or misrepresented citations Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Canadian Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Munchang Choi v. Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited", "url": "/documents/1713/Choi-v-Lloyds-Register-Canada-Limited-2024-CIRB-1146.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the IRB. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Doe v. ABC Corporation (2018)' as a Board precedent; Board found the decision to be fabricated and non-existent and relied on respondent's identification of the fabrication. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Munchang Choi v. Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 IRB 面前。捏造：判例法|投诉人援引“Doe 诉 ABC Corporation (2018)”作为董事会先例；委员会认为该决定是捏造的且不存在，并依赖于被告对捏造行为的确认。结果：警告。", "court": "IRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "Zhang v. Chen", "url": "/documents/772/Zhang_v._Chen.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the BC Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Two case citations in the notice of application were invented by ChatGPT and could not be located; court accepted they were fabricated and Counsel admitted using ChatGPT. Outcome: Claimant awarded costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "张诉陈", "description_zh": "律师在 BC 省最高法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|申请通知中的两个案例引用是ChatGPT发明的，无法找到；法院承认这些信息是捏造的，律师也承认使用了 ChatGPT。结果：索赔人承担费用。", "court": "BC Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Claimant awarded costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "Q1 2026", "title": "Engagements on Canada's Next AI Strategy: Summary of Inputs", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/public-consultations/engagements-canadas-next-ai-strategysummary-inputs", "description": "Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) published a summary of public consultation inputs for Canada's next national AI strategy. The report synthesises feedback from over 1,860 respondents across industry, academia, civil society, and government, identifying key themes: AI talent attraction and retention, domestic compute infrastructure, data access and sharing, regulatory clarity, and international competitiveness. The consultation formed the basis of Canada's updated strategic AI agenda, emphasising sovereign AI capacity, trustworthy deployment, and economic growth.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "AI Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拿大下一个人工智能战略的参与：意见摘要", "description_zh": "加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部 (ISED) 发布了加拿大下一个国家人工智能战略的公众咨询意见摘要。该报告综合了来自行业、学术界、民间社会和政府的 1,860 多名受访者的反馈，确定了关键主题：人工智能人才的吸引和保留、国内计算基础设施、数据访问和共享、监管清晰度和国际竞争力。这次磋商构成了加拿大更新的人工智能战略议程的基础，强调主权人工智能能力、值得信赖的部署和经济增长。" }, { "date": "5 April 2026", "title": "Canada introduces AI transparency amendments to Privacy Act in House of Commons", "url": "https://www.parl.ca", "description": "The Canadian government introduced amendments to the Privacy Act requiring organizations deploying AI systems for automated decision-making to provide explainability notices and impact assessments. The amendments align with emerging international standards for AI transparency.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Transparency", "Accountability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拿大在下议院提出了《隐私法》的人工智能透明度修正案", "description_zh": "加拿大政府对《隐私法》进行了修订，要求部署人工智能系统进行自动化决策的组织提供可解释性通知和影响评估。这些修正案符合人工智能透明度的新兴国际标准。" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Canada hosts first-ever national summit on AI and culture, announces advisory council", "url": "https://pacc-ccap.ca/events/national-summit-on-artificial-intelligence-and-culture/", "description": "The National Summit on Artificial Intelligence and Culture, presented by the Department of Canadian Heritage in partnership with the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, will convene leaders from the cultural sector, government, the technology sector, academia, and civil society to:", "categories": [ "Culture" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大主办首届人工智能与文化全国峰会，宣布顾问委员会", "description_zh": "加拿大政府与班夫艺术与创意中心合作主办了首届全国人工智能与文化峰会。此次峰会聚集了来自学术界、工业界、民间社会和政府的约 300 名参与者，共同探讨人工智能对文化生产和传播的影响。活动结束后，政府宣布成立人工智能和文化咨询委员会，由文化部长马克·米勒和人工智能部长埃文·所罗门共同领导，以指导这一快速发展领域的政策制定。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 March 2026", "title": "Canada and Norway issue joint statement on sovereign technology and AI", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/03/canada-norway-joint-statement-on-sovereign-technology-and-ai-cooperation.html", "description": "The Honourable Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation and Minister responsible for the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario and Karianne Tung, Norwegian Minister for Digitalisation and Public Governance, met on the margins of India AI Action Summit on 19th of February.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Infrastructure & Hardware" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和挪威就主权技术和人工智能发表联合声明", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长埃文·所罗门 (Evan Solomon) 与挪威数字化和公共治理部长卡琳娜·童 (Karianne Tung) 发表联合声明，加强双方在人工智能和数字技术方面的合作伙伴关系，特别是以下领域：(1) 扩大人工智能计算能力，促进可持续、有弹性和对环境负责的数字基础设施，支持创新者，同时加强加拿大和挪威的共同经济安全和繁荣； (2) 探索前沿模型中的合作，将安全和责任确立为基本设计原则以及更广泛的安全举措； (3) 通过减轻官僚负担，促进人工智能和技术在行业和政府中的采用，并推动人工智能解决方案的使用，以改善公共服务； （4）探索人工智能和量子技术研究和创新的共同利益； （5）探索加强商业联系的方法，并强调人工智能可以将两国从中小型企业转变为大型工业企业的投资和商业机会。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "B.C. premier says OpenAI CEO Sam Altman will apologize to Tumbler Ridge, push for stronger regulations", "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/sam-altman-david-eby-meeting-9.7116693", "description": "Primary source (cbc.ca) dated 6 March 2026 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "公元前总理表示 OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman 将向 Tumbler Ridge 道歉，推动更严格的监管", "description_zh": "据报道，不列颠哥伦比亚省省长 David Eby 宣布，OpenAI 首席执行官 Sam Altman 将向 Tumbler Ridge 社区道歉，因为该公司未能报告大规模枪击案凶手 Jesse Van Rootselaar 的账户，该枪手于 2026 年 2 月 10 日杀害了 8 人，其中包括 6 名儿童。Eby 省长表示，OpenAI 已于 2025 年 6 月禁止了 Van Rootselaar 的账户，但没有通知执法部门，并声称这些帖子未达到举报门槛。在与 Altman 和 Tumbler Ridge 市长 Darryl Krakowka 的虚拟会议上，Eby 强调需要对人工智能公司报告潜在暴力内容的责任制定更严格的法规。 Altman 同意与 BC 合作。政府就联邦人工智能法规提出建议，并将加拿大专家纳入 OpenAI 的安全评估。此外，奥特曼还承诺提供一份关于识别高风险罪犯的新系统的报告，并直接向加拿大皇家骑警报告威胁。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cbc.ca', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Canadian and Australian music rights organizations release statement on AI and copyright", "url": "https://www.socan.com/joint-statement-on-creative-industries-and-artificial-intelligence-australia-and-canada/", "description": "A joint statement from APRA AMCOS and SOCAN on the occasion of Prime Minister Carney’s visit to Australia. SOCAN CEO Jennifer Brown is in Sydney this week attending the CISAC Board of Directors meeting, hosted by APRA AMCOS as part of its centenary year. Today, as Prime Minister Albanese welcomed Prime Minister Carney to the […]", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Media & Entertainment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和澳大利亚音乐版权组织发布关于人工智能和版权的声明", "description_zh": "加拿大作曲家、作家和音乐出版商协会（SOCAN）和澳大利亚表演权协会（APRA AMCOS）联合发表声明，强调人工智能开发需要一个尊重音乐创作者权利的许可框架。他们反对人工智能培训版权的任何法律例外，并强调此类例外可能会以牺牲艺术家的利益为代价，让大型技术平台受益匪浅。这两个组织都倡导加拿大和澳大利亚等中等强国之间的合作，建立框架，确保人工智能发展支持人类创造力，并为创造者提供公平的报酬。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Canada and Japan sign strategic pact on defence, energy and AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/03/06/joint-statement-canada-japan-comprehensive-strategic-partnership", "description": "We, the Prime Ministers of Canada and Japan, meet today to deepen the close and enduring partnership between our two countries. We recognise that bilateral relations between Canada and Japan are underpinned by shared values and principles such as respect for democracy and the rule of law, strong political and economic ties, and rich people-to-people and cultural links. We emphasise the importance of further strengthening these ties, focusing notably on our shared commitment to the fundamental values of multilateralism centred on the United Nations (UN), a free and open Indo-Pacific based on th", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Energy & Environment", "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和日本签署国防、能源和人工智能战略协议", "description_zh": "加拿大和日本总理签署了全面战略伙伴关系，以加强国防、能源、贸易和技术领域的合作。该协议包括建立经济安全和网络政策对话、通过联合演习扩大军事合作以及加强关键矿产和能源的供应链。该伙伴关系旨在深化双边关系，促进自由开放的印太地区。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "US, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, UK and Canada join Australia's guidance on supply chain risks and mitigations for AI", "url": "https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/news-events/joint-guidance-supply-chain-risks-mitigations-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning", "description": "The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) has joined the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC) and the following international partners in releasing cyber security guidance on supply chain risks and mitigations for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML):", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国、日本、新西兰、韩国、新加坡、英国和加拿大加入澳大利亚关于人工智能供应链风险和缓解措施的指导", "description_zh": "加拿大网络安全中心、日本国家网络安全办公室、新西兰国家网络安全中心、韩国国家情报局、新加坡网络安全局、英国国家网络安全中心、美国国家安全局已加入澳大利亚网络安全中心关于与人工智能和机器学习（ML）系统相关的供应链风险和缓解措施的指南，强调安全管理对于防范第三方数据集和预训练模型可能产生的网络威胁的重要性。该指南针对参与人工智能和机器学习开发的组织，强调在人工智能产品的整个生命周期中进行全面风险评估的必要性，包括供应商评估、数据完整性检查以及建立有关网络安全责任的清晰沟通渠道。它概述了特定的风险，例如数据中毒、模型序列化攻击和人工智能软件中的漏洞，同时建议采取缓解措施，例如使用可信数据源、实施安全文件格式和进行持续的性能测试。该指南旨在通过整合针对这些技术带来的独特挑战量身定制的网络安全最佳实践，增强人工智能和机器学习供应链的弹性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Australia and Canada elevate partnership in critical minerals, defence, and AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2026/03/05/joint-statement-prime-minister-mark-carney-and-prime-minister-anthony", "description": "Meetings of the Australian Treasurer and Canadian Minister for Finance and National Revenue, supported by senior officials, will seek to strengthen collaboration in tax and two-way investment, discuss economic security and key macroeconomic developments and work together on economic reforms to strengthen internal resilience", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Energy & Environment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚和加拿大加强关键矿产、国防和人工智能领域的合作", "description_zh": "澳大利亚和加拿大通过在关键矿产、国防和人工智能领域开展新合作，提升了两国的伙伴关系。作为加拿大总理马克·卡尼访问堪培拉的一部分，两国领导人发表了一份联合声明，概述了欢迎澳大利亚加入关键矿产生产联盟、启动清洁能源伙伴关系以及开始在澳大利亚对加拿大武装部队人员进行北极超地平线雷达系统培训等举措。此外，双方同意推进国防部门的工业合作，并签署了人工智能安全谅解备忘录，以加强人工智能安全机构之间的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Canada AI minister and OpenAI to discuss AI safety in response to school schooting", "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/open-ai-tumbler-ridge-safety-policies-9.7109001", "description": "Primary source (cbc.ca) dated 27 February 2026 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大人工智能部长与 OpenAI 讨论应对校园枪击事件的人工智能安全", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长 Evan Solomon 批评 OpenAI 没有充分解决不列颠哥伦比亚省 Tumbler Ridge 大规模枪击事件后的担忧，并计划与首席执行官 Sam Altman 会面，进一步明确该公司的政策。尽管 OpenAI 承诺加强执法转介协议并改进内容检测系统，但所罗门对缺乏详细的实施计划表示失望，并强调需要提高公司如何处理可信威胁的透明度。这起导致多人死亡的枪击事件透露，枪手此前曾因讨论枪支暴力而被 ChatGPT 禁止，但 OpenAI 没有向当局报告该账户，理由是没有足够的证据表明危险迫在眉睫。所罗门部长表示，在多位政治领导人的支持下，监管措施可能是必要的，要求科技公司向执法部门报告有问题的账户。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cbc.ca', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Canada’s Defence Industrial Strategy to strengthen security, create prosperity, and reinforce strategic autonomy", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/economic-development-southern-ontario/news/2026/02/canadas-defence-industrial-strategy-to-strengthen-security-create-prosperity-and-reinforce-strategic-autonomy.html", "description": "Government of Canada provides nearly $7 million to advance made‑in‑Canada defence technologies", "categories": [ "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大国防工业战略旨在加强安全、创造繁荣和加强战略自主权", "description_zh": "加拿大政府推出了有史以来第一个国防工业战略，旨在通过激励国内生产和简化采购流程来加强国家安全、经济繁荣和战略自主权。作为该计划的一部分，近 700 万美元已分配给创意破坏实验室 (CDL)，用于建立 CDL 防御计划，该计划将支持早期科技公司开发符合加拿大武装部队和盟国需求的军民两用技术。该战略预计将改变加拿大的国防工业，使航空航天和网络安全等行业能够扩大业务规模，提高竞争力，并在整个国防供应链中创造高薪就业机会。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Canada’s AI minister hails ‘natural alliance’ with India ahead of Prime Minister Carney's visit", "url": "https://www.wionews.com/world/canada-s-ai-minister-hails-natural-alliance-with-india-ahead-of-carney-visit-1771519372070", "description": "Canada’s AI minister Evan Solomon described the countries as natural allies in the AI domain, noting that Canada has been on the frontier of AI and India has been on the frontier, bolstered by cross-border talent flows, including Canadians working for Indian companies.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在卡尼总理访问之前，加拿大人工智能部长称赞与印度的“天然联盟”", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能部长埃文·所罗门强调加拿大和印度在人工智能领域的天然联盟，强调共同价值观和优势互补。该声明是在马克·卡尼总理访问印度之前发表的，旨在加强双边技术和创新合作。这位部长强调了合作研究、开发和道德人工智能部署的潜力，反映了负责任地推进人工智能技术的共同承诺。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Canada and India strengthen ties to advance new partnerships in AI and digital innovation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/02/minister-solomon-concludes-successful-visit-to-republic-of-india-strengthening-ties-to-advance-new-partnerships-in-ai-and-digital-innovation.html", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. While Canada strengthens its capabilities at home, the government is also deepening partnerships with high-growth economies abroad to drive investment, scale innovation and create jobs.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Research" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和印度加强联系，推进人工智能和数字创新领域的新伙伴关系", "description_zh": "作为加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长 (Evan Solomon) 访问印度参加印度人工智能影响峰会的一部分，加拿大和印度签署了滑铁卢大学与塔塔咨询服务公司以及 upGrad 之间的谅解备忘录。这些签署反映了两国之间深化学术和商业关系的大趋势，过去几个月，8所加拿大大学与印度合作伙伴签署了11份谅解备忘录。这些协议共同加速了加拿大和印度之间的技能开发、商业化途径和业务扩张。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 February 2026", "title": "Canada and Germany sign AI joint declaration and launch Sovereign Technology Alliance", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/02/canada-and-germany-sign-ai-joint-declaration-and-launch-sovereign-technology-alliance.html", "description": "Today, the Honourable Evan Solomon, Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation, and Karsten Wildberger, Germany’s Minister for Digital Transformation and Government Modernization, signed the Joint Declaration of Intent on Artificial Intelligence on the margins of the Munich Security Conference. The ministers also announced the launch of the new Sovereign Technology Alliance to strengthen cooperation among trusted partners on advanced technologies.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和德国签署人工智能联合宣言并成立主权技术联盟", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长（埃文·所罗门）与德国数字化转型和政府现代化部长（卡斯滕·维尔德伯格）在慕尼黑安全会议期间签署了人工智能联合意向声明。该协议建立了一个加强人工智能领域双边合作的框架，重点关注安全计算基础设施、人工智能研究和商业化以及人才开发。加拿大和德国还成立了主权技术联盟，以加强先进技术方面的合作，旨在增强主权人工智能能力并减少战略技术依赖。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Canada Privacy Commissioner expands investigation into X following reports of AI-generated sexualized deepfake images", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2026/nr-c_260115/", "description": "Privacy Commissioner of Canada Philippe Dufresne is expanding his current investigation into X Corp. , which operates the popular social media platform X, following reports that the chatbot, Grok, is being used to create explicit images of individuals without their consent.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大隐私专员在有关人工智能生成的色情深度伪造图像的报道后扩大了对 X 的调查", "description_zh": "加拿大隐私专员 Philippe Dufresne 扩大了对 X Corp 的调查，此前有报道称 X Corp 的聊天机器人 Grok 被用来在未经个人同意的情况下创建露骨的图像。对负责 Grok 的公司 x AI 的相关调查也已启动。这些调查旨在评估 X Corp. 和 x AI 是否遵守加拿大联邦私营部门隐私法、《个人信息保护和电子文件法》(PIPEDA)，特别是有关收集、使用和披露个人信息以制造深度伪造品的行为。专员向各公司通报了调查情况，并指出各公司随后打算解决此事。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Bhutan, Canada partner to strengthen AI policy and governance", "url": "https://asianews.network/bhutan-canada-partner-to-strengthen-ai-policy-and-governance/", "description": "Following an initial consultation, a one-and-a-half-day training session commenced to help policymakers, government officials, and thought leaders understand Al's role in public service, ethics, and cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "不丹与加拿大合作加强人工智能政策和治理", "description_zh": "据悉，不丹和加拿大已启动合作，以加强不丹的人工智能政策和治理。这项合作伙伴关系是在加拿大牵头的“通过人工智能弥合边界”倡议下进行的，其中包括在廷布举办的研讨会，旨在教育政策制定者和官员了解人工智能在公共服务、道德和网络安全中的作用。加拿大副大使马克·艾伦强调了相互学习的机会，并指出不丹对正念和国民幸福总值的独特视角对全球人工智能话语做出了宝贵贡献。此次咨询的见解将于 2026 年 3 月中旬汇编成 GovTech 白皮书，作为不丹人工智能治理的参考。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 January 2026", "title": "Canada not considering a ban on X over deepfake controversy, AI minister says", "url": "https://toronto.citynews.ca/2026/01/11/canada-not-considering-a-ban-on-x-over-deepfake-controversy-ai-minister-says/", "description": "OTTAWA — Artificial Intelligence Minister Evan Solomon says Canada isn’t considering a ban of the social media platform X, though his office says discussions about X’s deepfake controversy are underway. The platform, which is owned by Elon Musk, has drawn global criticism over sexualized deepfakes created by X’s artificial intelligence chatbot Grok, which have proliferated […]", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能部长表示，加拿大不考虑因 Deepfake 争议而禁止 X", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大人工智能部长埃文·所罗门表示，尽管全球对 X 的人工智能聊天机器人 Grok 制作的色情深度假货泛滥提出批评，但加拿大并未考虑禁止社交媒体平台 X。然而，正在与盟国政府和加拿大各部门内部进行讨论，以解决这一争议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Spy watchdog reviewing Canadian security agencies’ use of AI", "url": "https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/politics/spy-watchdog-reviewing-canadian-security-agencies-use-of-artificial-intelligence/article_ae4377d3-2a1d-5da4-a584-7bc337d3c24e.html", "description": "Primary source (thecanadianpressnews.ca) dated 1 January 2026 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "间谍监管机构审查加拿大安全机构对人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "据悉，加拿大国家安全与情报审查局正在对国家安全组织如何定义、利用和监督人工智能技术进行全面审查。本研究旨在深入了解新兴工具的采用，指导未来的评估，并确定需要注意的潜在差距或风险。该机构已通知主要联邦部长和涉及国家安全的组织负责人，包括总理、人工智能和数字创新部长，以及加拿大安全情报局、加拿大皇家骑警和通信安全机构的领导人。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 429", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Canada and the European Union enhance digital partnership focusing on AI cooperation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-the-european-union-to-deepen-their-collaboration-on-artificial-intelligence-and-digital-credentials-and-trust-services.html", "description": "Minister Solomon hosted first meeting of Canada–European Union Digital Partnership Council", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和欧盟加强数字伙伴关系，重点关注人工智能合作", "description_zh": "加拿大-欧盟数字合作委员会召开会议并宣布深化现有合作，特别是在人工智能标准、法规和人才开发领域，同时致力于推进七国集团人工智能采用路线图的实施。该伙伴关系旨在加强基础研究方面的科学合作，促进信息共享，以确保对人工智能治理采取协调一致的方法，并在关键经济部门负责任地采用人工智能系统，进一步巩固跨大西洋数字政策的一致性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "International Network of AI Safety Institutes rebrand away from \"safety\" to focus on scientific measurements", "url": "https://www.uktech.news/ai/ai-safety-institutes-rebrand-to-focus-on-scientific-measurements-20251209", "description": "An international coalition of AI Safety Institutes is rebranding itself to reflect its focus on measurement and evaluation of AI models.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国际人工智能安全研究所网络重塑品牌，从“安全”转向专注于科学测量", "description_zh": "据悉，由澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、日本、肯尼亚、韩国、新加坡、英国和美国等国家组成的国际人工智能安全研究所网络正在更名为国际高级人工智能测量评估和科学网络，以强调其对人工智能模型的科学测量和评估的承诺（在英国主导呼吁摆脱“安全”标签之后）。英国将担任网络协调员的角色，旨在领导开发用于测试先进人工智能系统的严格方法的工作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Canada and UK strengthen ties on quantum and digital infrastructure", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-the-united-kingdom-strengthen-ties-on-quantum-and-digital-infrastructure.html", "description": "Canada and the United Kingdom strengthen ties on quantum and digital infrastructure", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和英国加强量子和数字基础设施方面的联系", "description_zh": "在蒙特利尔举行的七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长会议期间，加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长埃文·所罗门与英国数字政府和数据国务大臣伊恩·默里签署了一份谅解备忘录，以加强数字公共服务基础设施方面的合作。他们强调致力于利用量子技术开发安全的跨大西洋通信，旨在建立一个全球性的下一代网络。此次合作符合加拿大国家量子战略，加拿大航天局邀请在 2025 年 12 月 12 日之前对在轨量子通信示范项目表达兴趣。两国将继续促进创新研究、支持创造就业机会、培养人才并鼓励负责任的人工智能采用，以推动全球经济和技术增长。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Canada and EU deepen collaboration on AI and digital credentials and trust services", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-the-european-union-to-deepen-their-collaboration-on-artificial-intelligence-and-digital-credentials-and-trust-services.html", "description": "Minister Solomon hosted first meeting of Canada–European Union Digital Partnership Council", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和欧盟深化人工智能、数字证书和信任服务方面的合作", "description_zh": "在蒙特利尔举行的加拿大-欧盟数字合作理事会首次会议上，埃文·所罗门部长和欧盟委员会执行副主席 Henna Virkkunen 签署了两份谅解备忘录，以加强人工智能和数字证书方面的合作。人工智能备忘录旨在通过框架、标准、技能开发、科学研究和战略部门应用方面的共同努力，加速人工智能的采用并促进其负责任的发展。第二份备忘录重点关注数字凭证和信任服务，双方致力于知识共享、技术测试和标准协调，以支持安全、可互操作系统和未来的相互认可。该倡议是更广泛的欧盟-加拿大未来战略伙伴关系的一部分，强调通过数字合作提高竞争力、创新和经济弹性的共同利益。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Canada and Germany deepen collaboration on advanced technologies", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-germany-deepen-their-collaboration-on-advanced-technologies.html", "description": "Canada and Germany deepen their collaboration on advanced technologies New Canada–Germany Digital Alliance and closer collaboration on quantum commercialization will enhance productivity for both countries", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和德国深化先进技术合作", "description_zh": "在蒙特利尔举行的七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长会议期间，加拿大和德国宣布成立加拿大-德国数字联盟，以加强在人工智能、数字主权、数字基础设施、量子技术和数字经济创新方面的合作。该联盟的第一项举措将是联合声明人工智能意向，以促进其在两国的商业化和采用。此外，两国计划于 2026 年 1 月在加拿大国家研究委员会和德国联邦研究、技术和空间部的牵头下联合征集提案，以推进量子计算和传感技术。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Canada releases world’s first standard for accessible, inclusive AI design", "url": "https://accessible.canada.ca/creating-accessibility-standards/asc-62-accessible-equitable-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "Accessibility Standards Canada, under whose auspices this Standard has been produced, is a Government of Canada departmental corporation mandated through the Accessible Canada Act . Accessibility Standards Canada’s Standards contribute to the purpose of the Accessible Canada Act , which is to benefit all persons, especially persons with disabilities, through the realization of a Canada without barriers through the identification, removal, and prevention of accessibility barriers.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大发布全球首个无障碍、包容性人工智能设计标准", "description_zh": "加拿大无障碍标准发布了 CAN-ASC-6.2:2025 标准，名为“无障碍且公平的人工智能系统”，该标准被描述为世界上第一个关于无障碍和公平的人工智能的标准。该标准强调，人工智能系统应为残疾人提供可比的福利，避免对他们造成不成比例的伤害，保护他们的权利和自由，并使他们参与人工智能生命周期的所有阶段。它概述了组织实施支持可访问且公平的人工智能治理、规划、采购、开发、部署和监控的流程的要求。此外，该标准还要求提供有关人工智能的无障碍教育和培训，让残疾人参与此类计划的创建和实施，以提高人工智能素养并实现知情参与。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Canada launches first register of AI uses in federal government", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/news/2025/11/canada-launches-first-register-of-ai-uses-in-federal-government.html", "description": "Today, the Honourable Shafqat Ali, President of the Treasury Board, published the Government of Canada’s first public AI Register that provides Canadians with information about where and how AI is being used within the federal government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大在联邦政府启动首个人工智能使用登记册", "description_zh": "加拿大财政部秘书处启动了一个公共登记册，详细介绍了目前各部门正在探索、开发、实施或部署的 400 多个人工智能联邦项目。该注册表旨在通过提供有关每个项目的目的、描述、预期用途和开发起源的信息来提高透明度和效率。此外，计划于 2026 年进行公众咨询，以收集反馈并完善注册表的设计和可用性。人工智能登记册是加拿大政府联邦公共服务人工智能战略的一部分。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Ottawa urged to regulate AI chatbots in forthcoming online safety bill", "url": "https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-ottawa-urged-regulate-ai-chatbots-online-safety-bill/", "description": "Advocates say artificial-intelligence chatbots such as Grok need to be reined in, especially with how they interact with children. Dado Ruvic/Reuters", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "渥太华敦促在即将出台的在线安全法案中监管人工智能聊天机器人", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大政府面临着将人工智能聊天机器人的监管纳入即将出台的网络安全法案的呼声，其中包括阻止它们向儿童提供自杀建议的措施。加强网络保护的倡导者表示，联邦政府应该立法，让科技巨头阻止人工智能聊天机器人冒充真人并提供有害的建议，包括向弱势成年人提供建议。政府计划在 2026 年前几个月重新推出在线安全法案。之前的自由党在线危害法案在上次选举前未能成为法律。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 November 2025", "title": "Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership signed, covering AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gov.au/media/agreement-among-government-australia-government-canada-and-government-india", "description": "Australia, Canada and India today agreed to enter into a new trilateral technology and innovation partnership: the Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership.The three sides agreed to strengthen their ambition in cooperation on critical and emerging technologies, to complement existing bilateral initiatives.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "澳大利亚-加拿大-印度签署技术与创新（ACITI）合作伙伴关系，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "在 G20 峰会上，澳大利亚、加拿大和印度签署了一项名为“澳大利亚-加拿大-印度技术与创新（ACITI）伙伴关系”的三边协议，旨在让三个民主国家共同努力实现供应链多元化、使用清洁能源并帮助进一步采用人工智能。此次合作旨在加强人工智能研究和开发，重点关注道德标准和全球合作。该倡议旨在解决人工智能治理方面的挑战，并促进跨国界负责任的创新。双方同意官员应在 2026 年第一季度召开会议，采取主动行动。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "UAE to invest up to $50 billion in Canada in industries such as AI, energy", "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2025/11/21/prime-minister-carney-secures-new-agreements-united-arab-emirates", "description": "The world is more dangerous and divided. The scale and speed of recent trade shifts and technological developments mean that Canada’s economic strategy must change dramatically. Canada’s new government is on a mission to double non-U.S. exports over the next decade and unleash $1 trillion in new investment in Canada over five years. As part of this mission, the Prime Minister, Mark Carney, today concluded his visit to Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE), where he deepened the trade relationship and secured new agreements to attract massive pools of foreign capital.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿联酋将在加拿大投资500亿美元用于人工智能、能源等行业", "description_zh": "加拿大总理卡尼和阿联酋总统谢赫·穆罕默德·本·扎耶德·阿勒纳哈扬殿下签署了新的加拿大-阿联酋外国投资促进和保护协议（FIPA）。根据协议，阿联酋将在加拿大投资至多500亿美元，重点关注人工智能、能源和采矿等领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "Canada federal budget dedicates over $1B to boost Canadian AI and quantum computing", "url": "https://budget.canada.ca/2025/home-accueil-en.html", "description": "A plan to spend less to invest more through generational investments that will build Canada’s economy to be the strongest in the G7.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大联邦预算投入超过 10 亿美元用于推动加拿大人工智能和量子计算", "description_zh": "在 2025 年联邦预算中，加拿大联邦政府将在 5 年内拨款 9.256 亿美元，用于建设大规模主权计算能力，即加拿大拥有和运营的云计算和人工智能数据中心，尽管 2024 年预算中已预留了 8 亿美元。在量子方面，联邦政府提议在 5 年内向各政府部门和机构提供 3.343 亿加元，以帮助固定加拿大的量子技术公司，并为在国防相关应用和行业中采用该技术提供途径。预算中还宣布了其他一些较小的人工智能举措，包括人工智能部长埃文·所罗门将与业界合作，确定有前途的人工智能基础设施项目，并与这些项目签订谅解备忘录（MOU）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Canada launches AI Task Force with 30-day sprint for national strategy", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/09/government-of-canada-launches-ai-strategy-task-force-and-public-engagement-on-the-development-of-the-next-ai-strategy.html", "description": "Public feedback and stakeholder engagement will inform strategy for Canada to be an AI leader", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大成立人工智能工作组，为期 30 天的国家战略冲刺", "description_zh": "加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长埃文·所罗门 (Evan Solomon) 宣布成立人工智能特别工作组，其任务期限为 30 天，为旨在加强人工智能研究、商业化、基础设施、安全和公众信任的国家战略提出建议。该工作组由学者和行业领袖组成，将重点关注八个关键领域：研究和人才、跨行业和政府的采用、商业化、扩大冠军规模和吸引投资、安全人工智能和公众信任、教育和技能、基础设施和安全。他们的研究结果预计将为政府定于 2026 年晚些时候发布的人工智能战略提供信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025年APEC数字和人工智能部长级声明", "description_zh": "在韩国仁川举行的 APEC 峰会上，亚太经合组织通过了《2025 年数字和人工智能部长声明》，强调了人工智能在推动创新和应对社会经济挑战方面的作用。该声明强调安全、负责任地采用人工智能和其他数字技术，以提高生产力、效率、弹性和经济发展。它鼓励成员经济体将这些技术与平衡的、以人为本的劳动力发展、教育和终身学习方法相结合。它还促进数字政策方面的合作和信息共享，以加强区域合作、跨境贸易和投资，同时促进对新兴技术好处的更多了解。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 July 2025", "title": "Canada AI minister weighs plans on AI and copyright", "url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ottawa-weighs-plans-on-ai-copyright-as-openai-fights-ontario-court-jurisdiction-1.7589354", "description": "Primary source (cbc.ca) dated 19 July 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大人工智能部长权衡人工智能和版权计划", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大人工智能部长埃文·所罗门正在密切关注加拿大和美国的法庭案件，以确定加拿大对人工智能监管方式的下一步措施。一些人工智能公司已经在美国取得了早期胜利，OpenAI 目前正在与安大略省法院的管辖权进行斗争，以听取新闻出版商的诉讼。该部表示，计划“在加拿大更广泛的人工智能监管方法内解决版权问题，重点是保护文化主权以及[创作者]如何参与这一对话。”目前没有单独的版权法案的计划，但该部正在“密切关注正在进行的法庭案件和市场发展”，以帮助规划前进的道路。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cbc.ca', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "International network of AI safety institutes align approaches on agentic AI evaluations", "url": "https://sgaisi.sg/wp-api/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/International-Joint-Testing-Exercise_3JT-Eval-Report-v2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sgaisi.sg) dated 17 July 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能安全机构的国际网络统一了代理人工智能评估方法", "description_zh": "来自整个国际网络的参与者，包括来自新加坡、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟委员会、法国、肯尼亚、韩国和英国的代表齐聚一堂，调整他们的代理评估方法。这是第三次演习，基于网络于 2024 年 11 月和 2025 年 2 月进行的两次联合测试演习的见解。这些演习的目的是让网络进一步完善测试先进人工智能系统的最佳实践。第三次练习的目标是推进人工智能代理评估的科学性，并致力于构建测试人工智能代理的通用最佳实践。此次演习分为两部分——常见风险：敏感信息泄露和欺诈（由新加坡 AISI 牵头）和网络安全（由英国 AISI 牵头）。根据各种公共代理基准的任务评估了开放式和封闭式权重模型的组合。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "Canada government won’t reintroduce old AI law but will address copyright issues", "url": "https://thelogic.co/news/exclusive/canada-ai-regulation-copyright-evan-solomon/", "description": "TORONTO — New rules will address how copyright applies to artificial intelligence, AI Minister Evan Solomon has told The Logic . The Liberals will also not reintroduce the previous government’s proposed AI law wholesale, he said, with Ottawa currently working on an updated “regulatory framework” for the technology.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大政府不会重新引入旧的人工智能法，但会解决版权问题", "description_zh": "据悉，加拿大人工智能部长埃文·所罗门表示，加拿大政府目前正在考虑可能恢复《人工智能和数据法案》（AIDA）的哪些方面，并将在出台任何人工智能新规则之前进行磋商。然而，所罗门部长表示，自由党不会全面重新引入之前的法案，而是将重点放在新的监管框架上，以解决人工智能的版权问题——“原则上，我们支持创作者有权因使用其作品而获得补偿的想法……但该界限仍在法院确定”（所罗门）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 June 2025", "title": "UK and Canada issue joint statement enhancing collaboration, covering AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-between-the-prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom-and-the-prime-minister-of-canada", "description": "This Joint Statement follows the meeting of the Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom and Canada on 15 June 2025.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和加拿大发表联合声明加强合作，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大总理发表联合声明，宣布加强贸易、科学、技术和创新领域的合作。除其他外，两国同意（1）探索在主权人工智能基础设施开发方面的合作； (2) 深化和探索前沿人工智能系统的新合作，以支持我们的国家安全（包括加强加拿大人工智能安全研究所和英国人工智能安全研究所之间现有的人工智能安全合作的合作协议，以及加拿大和英国与加拿大领先人工智能公司 Cohere 签署的新谅解备忘录）。根据加拿大谅解备忘录，Cohere 将与加拿大人工智能安全研究所合作，并致力于在加拿大建设尖端数据中心。根据英国谅解备忘录，Cohere 将扩大其在英国的业务，以支持英国人工智能机会行动计划的实施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "New AI minister says Canada won’t ‘over-index’ on AI regulation", "url": "https://financialpost.com/technology/new-ai-minister-says-canada-wont-over-index-on-ai-regulation", "description": "Solomon outlined four priorities — scaling up AI industry, driving adoption, and ensuring Canadians have trust in and sovereignty over the technology", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新任人工智能部长表示加拿大不会“过度关注”人工智能监管", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大新任人工智能部长埃文·所罗门 (Evan Solomon) 在渥太华智库 Canada 2020 组织的一次活动上发表讲话，表示加拿大将摆脱严格的监管重点（即摆脱“对警告和监管的过度索引”），转而优先考虑利用人工智能的经济效益。所罗门部长强调扩大加拿大的人工智能产业，推动采用，并确保加拿大人对该技术拥有信任和主权，同时保持对数据保护和隐私的监管重点——承认之前的人工智能监管工作已经停滞，国际限制难以实施，加拿大不会单独行动，而是与其他国家合作逐步建立监管。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "Canada AI Safety institute announces research projects as global focus shifts to AI adoption", "url": "https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/national/safety-institute-announces-research-projects-as-global-focus-shifts-to-ai-adoption/article_834a4c3e-0773-56bf-917b-120c4c801e2b.html", "description": "Primary source (thecanadianpressnews.ca) dated 9 June 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "随着全球焦点转向人工智能的采用，加拿大人工智能安全研究所宣布了研究项目", "description_zh": "据悉，随着全球注意力日益转向人工智能的采用，加拿大人工智能安全研究所（CAISI）宣布了新的研究项目。这些举措将重点关注错误信息、生成式人工智能以及大型语言模型的底层决策过程等关键问题，旨在促进人工智能技术的安全和负责任的部署。这项努力是在加拿大建立一个强大的多学科研究社区的更广泛战略的一部分，支持高影响力的项目并培养致力于确保人工智能系统服务于公共利益并符合加拿大价值观的下一代人才。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 429", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Canada gets its first ever Federal Minister dedicated to AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2025/05/13/prime-minister-announces-new-ministry?utm_source=business%20in%20vancouver&utm_campaign=business%20in%20vancouver%3A%20outbound&utm_medium=referral", "description": "The new government will act to catalyze investment and build a new Canadian economy – one that creates higher-paying careers, raises incomes, and can withstand future shocks.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大迎来了第一位致力于人工智能的联邦部长", "description_zh": "马克·卡尼总理揭晓了新内阁，其中包括任命埃文·所罗门为新任联邦人工智能和创新部长。这使他成为加拿大第一位联邦人工智能部长。该部将负责监督该行业的增长及其与国家经济的融合。该部的具体职责的更多细节尚未透露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "ASEAN, Canada reaffirm commitment to advancing strategic partnership, covering AI", "url": "https://asean.org/asean-and-canada-reaffirm-commitment-to-advancing-strategic-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 8 May 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "东盟与加拿大重申致力于推进人工智能领域的战略伙伴关系", "description_zh": "在老挝万象举行的第22次东盟-加拿大对话上，东盟和加拿大重申致力于进一步推进东盟-加拿大战略伙伴关系。除其他事项外，东盟和加拿大期待实质性结束东盟-加拿大自由贸易协定谈判，并将继续加强包括网络安全和人工智能在内的广泛战略领域的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Canada government announces refreshed advisory council, new advisory group and new guide on AI", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/03/canada-moves-toward-safe-and-responsible-artificial-intelligence.html", "description": "Government announces refreshed Advisory Council on Artificial Intelligence, the new Safe and Secure Artificial Intelligence Advisory Group, the publication of a guide for managers of AI systems and six new signatories to the voluntary AI code of conduct", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大政府宣布更新咨询委员会、新的咨询小组和新的人工智能指南", "description_zh": "创新、科学和工业部长宣布了支持安全和合乎道德的人工智能采用的关键举措，包括：(1) 更新后的人工智能咨询委员会； (2) 一个新的安全可靠的人工智能咨询小组，由 Yoshua Bengio 担任主席； (3) 出版人工智能系统管理者指南，帮助组织实施加拿大人工智能自愿行为准则。关于（3），新指南是希望将负责任的人工智能原则融入其运营的公司的实用资源，提供了与治理、透明度和风险管理方面的最佳实践保持一致的具体步骤。部长还宣布，CIBC、Clir、Cofomo Inc.、英特尔公司、Jolera Inc. 和 PaymentEvolution 等 6 个新组织正在签署自愿性人工智能行为准则（已有 40 个签署者）。通过签约，这些组织承诺在开发和管理生成人工智能系统时将代码应用到其运营中。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Canada launches strategy for the federal public service", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/treasury-board-secretariat/news/2025/03/canada-launches-first-ever-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-the-federal-public-service.html", "description": "Canada launches first-ever Artificial Intelligence Strategy for the federal public service", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大推出联邦公共服务战略", "description_zh": "财政部主席吉内特·佩蒂帕斯·泰勒 (Ginette Petitpas Taylor) 启动了加拿大第一个联邦公共服务人工智能战略。该战略根据各利益相关方的意见制定，旨在推进 4 个关键优先领域：(1) 建立人工智能专业中心，以支持和帮助协调政府范围内的人工智能工作； (2) 确保人工智能系统安全且负责任地使用； （三）提供培训和人才发展途径； (4) 通过人工智能使用方式的开放性和透明度建立信任。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴黎人工智能行动峰会签署《关于造福人类和地球的包容性和可持续人工智能声明》", "description_zh": "印度、中国、日本、加拿大、巴西、法国和澳大利亚等60个国家在巴黎人工智能行动峰会上签署了一份关于为人类和地球提供包容性和可持续人工智能的联合声明，峰会结束后可能会有更多签署国。该声明列出了优先事项，包括“确保人工智能开放、包容、透明、道德、安全、可靠和值得信赖，同时考虑到所有人的国际框架”和“使人工智能对人类和地球可持续发展”。该声明并未得到美国和英国的签署。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Canada and Japan sign Council of Europe’s global treaty on AI", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/canada-and-japan-sign-council-of-europe-s-first-ever-global-treaty-on-ai", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 11 February 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和日本签署欧洲委员会人工智能全球条约", "description_zh": "在法国人工智能行动峰会欧洲委员会会外活动之前举行的仪式上，加拿大和日本与其他十一个签署国一起签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Canada government publishes findings from Consultation on Copyright in the Age of Generative AI", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/strategic-policy-sector/en/marketplace-framework-policy/consultation-copyright-age-generative-artificial-intelligence-what-we-heard-report", "description": "Table of Contents Introduction Who We Heard From What We Heard Text and data mining (TDM) Authorship and ownership of works generated by AI Infringement and liability regarding AI Engagement with Indigenous people Further commentary", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大政府公布生成人工智能时代版权咨询的调查结果", "description_zh": "加拿大政府发布了2023年10月12日至2024年1月15日期间举行的生成人工智能时代版权磋商的调查结果，以更好地了解生成人工智能对版权和市场的影响。报告提出了11条意见：（1）创作者反对在未经同意和补偿的情况下将其内容用于人工智能； （2）用户群体支持澄清TDM不侵犯版权； (3) 支持提高 TDM 输入的透明度； (4) 支持人类作者的中心地位； (5) 对于现有的法律测试和补救措施是否充分尚未达成共识； (6) 对于谁应该对人工智能生成的内容侵权承担责任尚未达成共识； (7) 支持提高透明度，以利于确定责任； (8) 对人工智能中使用土著文化表现形式的担忧； (9) 对人工智能生成内容的标签的一些支持； (10) 对 Deepfake 中使用表演者肖像的担忧； (11)对人工智能对就业保障和不公平竞争的负面影响的担忧。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Canada and Japan sign Council of Europe’s global treaty on AI", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/canada-and-japan-sign-council-of-europe-s-first-ever-global-treaty-on-ai", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 11 February 2025 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和日本签署欧洲委员会人工智能全球条约", "description_zh": "在法国人工智能行动峰会欧洲委员会会外活动之前举行的仪式上，加拿大和日本与其他十一个签署国一起签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 February 2025", "title": "Canada federal government bans DeepSeek", "url": "https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/federal-government-bans-chinese-ai-startup-deepseek-on-public-service-devices", "description": "Ottawa is barring the use of Chinese artificial intelligence startup DeepSeek’s chatbot on government devices over “serious privacy concerns”.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大联邦政府禁止 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大联邦政府已向政府首脑发出备忘录，呼吁禁止使用中国人工智能应用 DeepSeek，理由是“存在严重的隐私问题”。该禁令并不适用于个人设备。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 January 2025", "title": "Competition Bureau issues report on AI and competition", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/competition-bureau/news/2025/01/competition-bureau-issues-report-summarizing-feedback-on-artificial-intelligence-and-competition.html", "description": "Competition Bureau issues report summarizing feedback on artificial intelligence and competition January 27, 2025 – GATINEAU (Québec), Competition Bureau", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争局发布人工智能与竞争报告", "description_zh": "加拿大竞争局发布了一份题为《人工智能与竞争咨询：我们所听到的》的报告，总结了 2024 年 3 月 20 日启动的人工智能与竞争咨询的结论。该报告的结论涉及 (1) 影响市场动态的人工智能技术的快速发展，(2) 大型现有企业的重大投资可能影响竞争，(3) 人工智能促进反竞争行为的可能性，以及 (4) 对加拿大竞争局积极参与这一领域的积极反馈区。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Canada's AI and Data Act terminates amid prorogation of Parliament", "url": "https://www.parl.ca/LegisInfo/en/bill/44-1/c-27", "description": "C-27 (44-1) - LEGISinfo - Parliament of Canada", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大人工智能和数据法案因议会休会而终止", "description_zh": "加拿大的《人工智能和数据法案》草案（以及 C-27 法案的其余部分）已在联邦选举前议会休会期间在委员会正式终止。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Global Coalition on Telecommunications adopt principles on AI adoption in the telecommunications industry", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球电信联盟通过电信行业人工智能采用原则", "description_zh": "英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、日本和美国通过全球电信联盟（GCOT）发布了一份联合声明，采纳了电信行业采用人工智能的原则，即（1）创新和竞争； (2) 透明度、可解释性和人工监督； (3) 隐私； （四）公平； (5) 安全性和弹性； (6) 环境可持续性。这些原则适用于行业领导者、研究人员和开发电信人工智能解决方案的人员。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Global Coalition on Telecommunications adopt principles on AI adoption in the telecommunications industry", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球电信联盟通过电信行业人工智能采用原则", "description_zh": "英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、日本和美国通过全球电信联盟（GCOT）发布了一份联合声明，采纳了电信行业采用人工智能的原则，即（1）创新和竞争； (2) 透明度、可解释性和人工监督； (3) 隐私； （四）公平； (5) 安全性和弹性； (6) 环境可持续性。这些原则适用于行业领导者、研究人员和开发电信人工智能解决方案的人员。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 November 2024", "title": "Canada launches its AI safety institute", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/canadian-artificial-intelligence-safety-institute", "description": "The Canadian AI Safety Institute (CAISI) is part of the Government of Canada's plan to support the safe and responsible development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Our goal is to advance the science of AI safety, in collaboration with international partners, in order to ensure that governments are well-positioned to understand and act on the risks of advanced AI systems. These include risks posed by synthetic content, including impersonation and fraud, as well as risks posed by the development or deployment of systems that may be dangerous or hinder human oversight. To do that,", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大成立人工智能安全研究所", "description_zh": "加拿大政府在2024年联邦预算中提议成立加拿大人工智能安全研究所（CAISI），以支持人工智能安全、负责任的开发和部署。 CAISI 由加拿大创新、科学和经济发展部 (ISED) 领导，利用加拿大国家研究委员会 (NRC) 的研究能力，以及通过加拿大高级研究所 (CIFAR) 更广泛的加拿大研究界的研究能力。 CAISI 的作用包括测试人工智能模型以识别和降低风险，以及与其他研究合作伙伴和政府积极合作开展联合项目，包括制定人工智能安全指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构发布关于数据抓取的声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "由 17 个全球数据保护机构组成的联盟（澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、中国香港、瑞士、挪威、新西兰、哥伦比亚、泽西岛、摩洛哥、阿根廷、墨西哥、根西岛、西班牙、摩纳哥、以色列）发布了关于数据抓取的后续声明。该声明以当局于 2023 年 8 月发表的联合声明为基础，敦促社交媒体平台实施防止数据抓取的保护措施。该后续声明明确指出（1）组织应部署针对非法抓取的组合保护措施，并定期审查和更新这些措施，以跟上抓取技术和技术的进步； (2) 虽然人工智能被一些复杂的数据抓取者用来逃避检测，但它也可以增强对非法抓取的保护； (3) 防止非法抓取的义务适用于大公司和中小企业，在服务提供商的协助下，中小企业可以采取成本较低的措施； (4) 授权抓取个人数据的合同条款不能单独使此类抓取合法，但可以作为重要的保障； （五）允许抓取个人数据的组织必须确保其有合法依据、透明，并在法律要求的情况下获得同意； (6) 组织应实施适当的措施，包括合同条款和监控，以确保遵守数据保护和隐私法； (7) 通过 API 提供访问权限可以让组织更好地控制数据，并有助于检测和缓解未经授权的抓取； (8) 使用抓取数据或自己的平台数据来训练人工智能的组织必须遵守数据保护、隐私法和人工智能特定法律，并遵循现有的监管指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 October 2024", "title": "OPC publishes statement calling for privacy law reform, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_20241011/", "description": "Privacy Commissioner of Canada Philippe Dufresne today issued the following statement regarding a new report from the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics ( ETHI ) on its study into the federal government’s use of technological tools capable of extracting personal data from mobile devices and computers:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OPC 发表声明呼吁改革隐私法，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "加拿大隐私专员办公室 (OPC) 在信息、隐私和道德常设委员会 (ETHI) 报告中发表了一份声明，内容涉及联邦政府使用技术工具从移动设备和计算机中提取个人数据。 OPC 对调查结果表示欢迎，并强调迫切需要改革《隐私法》以适应不断变化的数字环境。除其他事项外，OPC 建议此类隐私法改革应包括要求联邦机构在使用高风险工具（无论是否人工智能）之前进行隐私影响评估，将隐私设计嵌入到新技术的开发中，在启动影响隐私的举措之前咨询 OPC，以及确保政府行为的透明度和问责制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators release principles for deploying AI in the nuclear sector", "url": "https://onr.org.uk/news/all-news/2024/09/new-paper-shares-international-principles-for-regulating-ai-in-the-nuclear-sector/", "description": "The UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators have outlined principles for deploying artificial intelligence (AI) in the nuclear sector while maintaining adequate safety and security, described in a trilateral paper published today.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构发布在核领域部署人工智能的原则", "description_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构（英国核监管办公室、美国核监管委员会和加拿大核安全委员会）概述了在核领域部署人工智能的原则。三边文件包括（1）监管机构在处理人工智能时的共同关注领域； （2）了解如何根据人工智能故障的后果和人工智能自主水平来管理系统； (3) 人为和组织因素在人工智能使用中的重要性； （4）将人工智能融入现有核系统； (5) 管理从设计到部署的人工智能生命周期； (6) 核应用中人工智能安全案例的考虑。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators release principles for deploying AI in the nuclear sector", "url": "https://onr.org.uk/news/all-news/2024/09/new-paper-shares-international-principles-for-regulating-ai-in-the-nuclear-sector/", "description": "The UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators have outlined principles for deploying artificial intelligence (AI) in the nuclear sector while maintaining adequate safety and security, described in a trilateral paper published today.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构发布在核领域部署人工智能的原则", "description_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构（英国核监管办公室、美国核监管委员会和加拿大核安全委员会）概述了在核领域部署人工智能的原则。三边文件包括（1）监管机构在处理人工智能时的共同关注领域； （2）了解如何根据人工智能故障的后果和人工智能自主水平来管理系统； (3) 人为和组织因素在人工智能使用中的重要性； （4）将人工智能融入现有核系统； (5) 管理从设计到部署的人工智能生命周期； (6) 核应用中人工智能安全案例的考虑。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "ISED opens consultation into AI Compute", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/public-consultations/consultation-artificial-intelligence-ai-compute", "description": "The Government of Canada released a report on the consultations conducted that helped inform the design and implementation of two initiatives: a new AI Compute Access Fund and a Canadian AI Sovereign Compute Strategy. The consultations engaged more than 1,000 stakeholders including Canadian businesses and researchers, through an online survey and in-person and virtual round tables and meetings. This report provides a summary of the input collected: What We Heard Report: Consultations on AI Compute .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ISED 开启人工智能计算咨询", "description_zh": "加拿大政府创新、科学和经济发展部 (ISED) 已就人工智能计算访问基金和加拿大人工智能主权计算战略的设计和实施征求公众意见。加拿大人工智能主权计算战略旨在长期指导加拿大人工智能基础设施的发展，而人工智能计算访问基金则为加拿大人工智能研究人员和开发人员提供短期支持。磋商将于 2024 年 9 月 6 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Eight organizations to join Canada's voluntary AI code of conduct", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2024/05/eight-organizations-to-join-canadas-voluntary-ai-code-of-conduct.html", "description": "More organizations including Mastercard, Salesforce and Lenovo commit to the responsible development and management of advanced generative artificial intelligence systems", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "八个组织加入加拿大自愿人工智能行为准则", "description_zh": "加拿大创新、科学和工业部长宣布，又有 8 家公司自愿承诺遵守《先进生成人工智能系统负责任开发和管理自愿行为准则》（该准则已有 22 个签署方），分别是：Alloprof、Kyndryl、联想、Levio、MaRS Discovery District、万事达卡、魁北克省自动​​驾驶机构 (OACIQ) 和 Salesforce。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界领导人签署首尔宣言和人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、德国、意大利、日本、韩国、新加坡、美国和英国签署了（1）安全、创新和包容性人工智能首尔宣言； (2) 首尔人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明。这些文件共同建立在《布莱奇利宣言》的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能发展，(b) 应对全球挑战和保护人权，以及 (c) 各国承诺创建人工智能安全机构并在人工智能安全科学方面开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界领导人签署首尔宣言和人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、德国、意大利、日本、韩国、新加坡、美国和英国签署了（1）安全、创新和包容性人工智能首尔宣言； (2) 首尔人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明。这些文件共同建立在《布莱奇利宣言》的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能发展，(b) 应对全球挑战和保护人权，以及 (c) 各国承诺创建人工智能安全机构并在人工智能安全科学方面开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "UK-Canada sign partnership on AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership#:~:text=Confirmed%20by%20UK%20Technology%20Minister,work%20on%20AI%20safety%20research", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国与加拿大签署人工智能安全合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大宣布各自的人工智能安全研究所在人工智能安全方面开展合作。要点包括：（1）深化英国和加拿大在人工智能安全研究方面的现有联系； (2) 优先共享英国人工智能研究资源以进行联合研究； （3）致力于发展国际网络以推进人工智能安全科学和标准； （4）共同推进未来人工智能风险的国际循证报告。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "UK-Canada sign partnership on AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership#:~:text=Confirmed%20by%20UK%20Technology%20Minister,work%20on%20AI%20safety%20research", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国与加拿大签署人工智能安全合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大宣布各自的人工智能安全研究所在人工智能安全方面开展合作。要点包括：（1）深化英国和加拿大在人工智能安全研究方面的现有联系； (2) 优先共享英国人工智能研究资源以进行联合研究； （3）致力于发展国际网络以推进人工智能安全科学和标准； （4）共同推进未来人工智能风险的国际循证报告。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 April 2024", "title": "Canada announces budget of $2.4 billion for AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2024/04/07/securing-canadas-ai", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) has incredible potential to transform the economy, improve the way we work, and enhance our way of life. The global race to scale up and adopt AI is on, and Canada is at the forefront of this technology. To make sure we can seize every opportunity in the economy of the future, and set every generation up for success, we need to scale up our innovation ambitions. And do it in a way that brings everyone along. For Millennials and Gen Z, who feel their hard work isn’t paying off like it did for previous generations, we must invest in good-paying opportunities that hel", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大宣布 24 亿美元的人工智能预算", "description_zh": "总理贾斯汀·特鲁多 (Justin Trudeau) 宣布在即将到来的 2024 年预算中采取 24 亿美元的一揽子措施，以确保加拿大的人工智能优势。政府还将制定新的加拿大人工智能主权计算战略，以促进加拿大拥有和位于的人工智能基础设施的发展。此外，还将斥资 5000 万美元创建一个新的加拿大人工智能安全研究所，以进一步促进人工智能的安全开发和部署。该公告旨在投资创新和经济增长，以确保加拿大未来世界领先的人工智能优势。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "Competition Bureau seeks feedback on AI and competition", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/competition-bureau/news/2024/03/competition-bureau-seeks-feedback-on-artificial-intelligence-and-competition.html", "description": "Competition Bureau seeks feedback on artificial intelligence and competition March 20, 2024 – GATINEAU (Québec), Competition Bureau", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争局寻求有关人工智能和竞争的反馈", "description_zh": "竞争局发布了一份关于人工智能和竞争的讨论文件以供公众咨询。该文件探讨了人工智能对加拿大竞争的潜在影响，并试图了解该局如何保护和促进人工智能市场的竞争。欢迎感兴趣的各方在 2024 年 5 月 4 日之前就本文提出的问题提供反馈。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 December 2023", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/nr-c_231207/", "description": "Official source record dated 7 December 2023 for Canada concerning Canadian privacy regulators launch principles for responsible development and use of generative AI. See the linked priv.gc.ca source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大隐私监管机构推出负责任地开发和使用生成式人工智能的原则", "description_zh": "联邦、省和地区隐私当局制定了一套原则，以促进加拿大负责任、值得信赖和保护隐私的开发和使用生成式人工智能技术。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 December 2023", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/nr-c_231207/", "description": "Official source record dated 7 December 2023 for Canada concerning Canadian privacy regulators launch principles for responsible development and use of generative AI. See the linked priv.gc.ca source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大隐私监管机构推出负责任地开发和使用生成式人工智能的原则", "description_zh": "联邦、省和地区隐私当局制定了一套原则，以促进加拿大负责任、值得信赖和保护隐私的开发和使用生成式人工智能技术。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 November 2023", "title": "Proposed amendments to the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA)", "url": "https://www.ourcommons.ca/content/Committee/441/INDU/WebDoc/WD12751351/12751351/MinisterOfInnovationScienceAndIndustry-2023-11-28-Combined-e.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ourcommons.ca) dated 28 November 2023 in CA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《人工智能和数据法案》(AIDA) 拟议修正案", "description_zh": "创新、科学和工业部长 François-Philippe Champagne 向众议院工业、科学和技术常务委员会提交了 AIDA 拟议修正案。这些拟议的修正案（1）引入了“人工智能系统”（AI Systems）和“机器学习模型”的新定义； (2) 制定高影响力人工智能系统参数的初始类别，以便政府将其他类别的系统视为高影响力系统； （3）对人工智能价值链上的不同参与者建立不同的义务，并明确AIDA的义务仅在系统（或机器学习模型）投放市场或投入使用后才适用； (4) 要求为参与通用或高风险人工智能系统开发和部署的人员建立问责框架； (5) 为新任人工智能和数据专员赋予新权力； (6) 让 AIDA 与欧盟人工智能法案保持一致。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 October 2023", "title": "Government of Canada launches consultation on the implications of generative artificial intelligence for copyright", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2023/10/government-of-canada-launches-consultation-on-the-implications-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-for-copyright.html#", "description": "The Government of Canada is committed to ensuring that Canada’s legislative frameworks remain responsive to modern realities. That is why the government proposed the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act , as part of Bill C-27, and continues to consider how other legislative frameworks may need to be updated to address the changing technological landscape, including the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大政府就生成人工智能对版权的影响启动咨询", "description_zh": "加拿大政府已就生成人工智能对版权的影响展开公众咨询。公众提交截止日期为 2023 年 12 月 4 日，调查结果将于 2024 年在线发布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 April 2023", "title": "Privacy investigation into OpenAI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/an_230404/", "description": "The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada has launched an investigation into the company behind artificial intelligence-powered chatbot ChatGPT .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI 隐私调查", "description_zh": "加拿大隐私监管机构已对 OpenAI 展开调查，以回应涉嫌未经同意收集、使用和披露个人信息的投诉", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Consultation on Artificial Intelligence and Competition", "url": "https://competition-bureau.canada.ca/en/how-we-foster-competition/education-and-outreach/consultation-artificial-intelligence-and-competition-what-we-heard", "description": "The Competition Bureau of Canada (Bureau) is an independent law enforcement agency that protects and promotes competition for the benefit of Canadian consumers and businesses. Competition drives productivity, innovation, and economic growth. It also delivers better quality products and services, provides consumers with more choice and lower prices.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能与竞争咨询：", "description_zh": "加拿大竞争局于 2024 年 3 月 20 日启动了关于大型现有企业重大投资对市场竞争的影响以及人工智能促进反竞争行为的可能性的咨询。咨询报告于 2025 年 1 月 27 日发布，结论是人工智能技术的快速进步——从基础模型到最终用户应用——正在从根本上重塑市场和竞争动态。虽然这些创新创造了重大机遇，但它们也带来了风险，例如潜在的反竞争行为以及适用现有反垄断法的挑战。大规模投资，尤其是大型现有企业的投资，引发了人们对市场力量和扼杀创新的可能性的担忧。利益相关者强调了人工智能输入透明度、保护人类作者身份、解决文化敏感性和减轻工作保障风险的重要性。此外，受访者支持持续的磋商和合作，以确保公平竞争和负责任的人工智能开发。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Consultation on Copyright in the Age of Generative Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/strategic-policy-sector/en/marketplace-framework-policy/consultation-copyright-age-generative-artificial-intelligence-what-we-heard-report", "description": "Table of Contents Introduction Who We Heard From What We Heard Text and data mining (TDM) Authorship and ownership of works generated by AI Infringement and liability regarding AI Engagement with Indigenous people Further commentary", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生成人工智能时代的版权咨询：", "description_zh": "关于以下方面的咨询：(i) 在人工智能系统的训练中使用受版权保护的作品； (ii) 与人工智能生成内容相关的作者权和所有权； (iii) 责任，特别是当人工智能生成的内容可能侵犯现有受版权保护的作品时。咨询结果于2025年2月发布，共提出11条意见：（1）创作者反对在未经同意和补偿的情况下将其内容用于人工智能； （2）用户群体支持澄清TDM不侵犯版权； (3) 支持提高 TDM 输入的透明度； (4) 支持人类作者的中心地位； (5) 对于现有的法律测试和补救措施是否充分尚未达成共识； (6) 对于谁应该对人工智能生成的内容侵权承担责任尚未达成共识； (7) 支持提高透明度，以利于确定责任； (8) 对人工智能中使用土著文化表现形式的担忧； (9) 对人工智能生成内容的标签的一些支持； (10) 对 Deepfake 中使用表演者肖像的担忧； (11)对人工智能对就业保障和不公平竞争的负面影响的担忧。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "TERMINATED", "title": "Bill C-27 (proposed since 2021)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/innovation-better-canada/en/artificial-intelligence-and-data-act-aida-companion-document", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are poised to have a significant impact on the lives of Canadians and the operations of Canadian businesses. In June 2022, the Government of Canada tabled the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) as part of Bill C-27, the Digital Charter Implementation Act, 2022. The AIDA represents an important milestone in implementing the Digital Charter and ensuring that Canadians can trust the digital technologies that they use every day. The design, development, and use of AI systems must be safe, and must respect the values of Canadians.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案 C-27（自 2021 年起提出）", "description_zh": "加拿大政府推出了C-27法案，也称为2022年数字宪章实施法案。如果获得通过，这套法律将实施加拿大首个人工智能立法——人工智能和数据法案（AIDA）；改革加拿大隐私法；并建立一个专门负责隐私和数据保护的法庭。 AIDA 有 3 个目标：(1) 监管“高影响力的人工智能系统”，(2) 设立人工智能和数据专员作为监管者和执行者，(3) 制定新的刑事制裁措施，限制使用造成严重危害的人工智能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Canadian Directive on Automated Decision Making (2023)", "url": "https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=32592", "description": "The assistant deputy minister responsible for the program using the automated decision system, or any other senior official named by the deputy head, is responsible for:", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大自动决策指令 (2023)：", "description_zh": "该指令适用于大多数加拿大联邦政府机构。它采用基于原则的方法将人工智能分为风险类别（低、中、高和极高）。该指令要求加拿大政府机构将新系统分为四个风险类别之一。分级要求需要对更高风险系统进行更深入的算法影响评估、透明度、质量保证、追索权和报告要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Accessible and Equitable Artificial Intelligence Systems (CAN-ASC-6.2:2025)", "url": "https://accessible.canada.ca/creating-accessibility-standards/asc-62-accessible-equitable-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "Accessibility Standards Canada, under whose auspices this Standard has been produced, is a Government of Canada departmental corporation mandated through the Accessible Canada Act . Accessibility Standards Canada’s Standards contribute to the purpose of the Accessible Canada Act , which is to benefit all persons, especially persons with disabilities, through the realization of a Canada without barriers through the identification, removal, and prevention of accessibility barriers.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "可访问且公平的人工智能系统 (CAN-ASC-6.2:2025)：", "description_zh": "加拿大无障碍标准发布了 CAN-ASC-6.2:2025 标准，名为“无障碍且公平的人工智能系统”，该标准被描述为世界上第一个关于无障碍和公平的人工智能的标准。该标准强调，人工智能系统应为残疾人提供可比的福利，避免对他们造成不成比例的伤害，保护他们的权利和自由，并使他们参与人工智能生命周期的所有阶段。它概述了组织实施支持可访问且公平的人工智能治理、规划、采购、开发、部署和监控的流程的要求。此外，该标准还要求提供有关人工智能的无障碍教育和培训，让残疾人参与此类计划的创建和实施，以提高人工智能素养并实现知情参与。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Implementation guide for managers of Artificial intelligence systems (2025)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/implementation-guide-managers-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "From: Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Supporting implementation of the Voluntary Code of Conduct for Advanced Generative Artificial Intelligence Systems", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能系统管理者实施指南（2025）：", "description_zh": "本指南旨在帮助人工智能 (AI) 系统的管理者实施《高级生成人工智能系统负责任开发和管理自愿行为准则》（以下简称《准则》）。该指南建议管理人员：（1）对合理可预见的潜在不利影响进行全面评估，包括与不当或恶意使用系统相关的风险； (2) 实施与活动性质和风险状况相称的全面风险管理框架。这包括制定政策、程序和培训，以确保员工熟悉自己的职责和组织的风险管理实践； (3) 与在生态系统中发挥互补作用的企业分享风险管理信息和最佳实践； (4) 在系统可用后监控系统的运行是否存在有害用途或影响，包括通过使用第三方反馈渠道，并根据需要通知开发人员和/或实施使用控制以减轻损害； (5) 确保可能被误认为人类的系统被明确且显着地标识为人工智能系统； (6) 对网络安全风险进行评估，并采取适当的措施来降低风险，包括数据中毒方面的风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Principles for responsible, trustworthy and privacy-protective generative AI technologies (2023)", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/privacy-topics/technology/artificial-intelligence/gd_principles_ai/", "description": "Within the overall context of ongoing advances in AI technologies, one version of the technology has seen particularly rapid development, proliferation of use cases, and increase in adoption of late: generative AI . Generative AI is a subset of machine learning in which systems are trained on massive information sets – often including personal information – to generate content such as text, computer code, images, video, or audio in response to a user prompt. This content is probabilistic, and may vary even in response to multiple uses of the same or similar prompts.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "负责任、值得信赖和保护隐私的生成人工智能技术的原则（2023）：", "description_zh": "加拿大联邦、省和地区隐私当局在开发、提供或使用生成式人工智能模型、工具、产品和服务时制定了一套原则。其中包括：（1）建立收集和使用个人信息的法律权限，并在征得同意时确保其有效和有意义； （二）信息使用方式和涉及的隐私风险公开、透明； (3) 使人工智能工具能够向用户解释； （四）制定隐私权保障措施； (5) 限制个人、敏感或机密信息的共享。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Canadian Guardrails for Generative AI - Code of Practice (2023)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/consultation-development-canadian-code-practice-generative-artificial-intelligence-systems/canadian-guardrails-generative-ai-code-practice", "description": "In recent months, generative AI systems—such as ChatGPT, Dall-E 2, and Midjourney—have captured the world's attention. These AI systems are trained on vast datasets of text, images, or other data. Their distinguishing feature is their ability to generate novel content in a wide variety of different forms and contexts. As a result, a single system may be used to perform many different kinds of tasks. For example, a language-based system can perform tasks such as translating, summarizing text, suggesting edits or revisions to text, answering questions, or generating code.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大生成式人工智能护栏 - 实践守则 (2023)：", "description_zh": "加拿大政府发布了生成人工智能实践准则草案以征求公众意见。在 AIDA 生效之前，加拿大公司将在自愿的基础上实施该准则。该准则提出了以下核心要素：安全、公平与公正、透明度、人工监督与监控、有效性与稳健性测试以及问责制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Canada must regulate AI right, not first (8 November 2023)", "url": "https://openmedia.org/article/item/canada-must-regulate-ai-right-not-first", "description": "OpenMedia works to keep the Internet open, affordable, and surveillance-free. We create community-driven campaigns to engage, educate, and empower people to safeguard the Internet.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大必须监管人工智能权利，而不是首先（2023 年 11 月 8 日）：", "description_zh": "OpenMedia 向加拿大议会就如何有效监管我们的隐私和人工智能所做的证词。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Galang v. Canada (Attorney General)", "url": "/documents/1900/Galang-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-BCSC-564.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Original Notice of Civil Claim contained references to non-existent court decisions appearing to be AI-generated; AGC raised the issue and Justice Dion ordered Part 3 struck and that any AI-assisted citations be verified prior to filing; plaintiff removed those references in amended pleadings.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Galang v. Canada (Attorney General)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|民事索赔原始通知包含对似乎由人工智能生成的不存在的法院判决的引用； AGC 提出了这个问题，迪翁法官下令删除第 3 部分，并在提交之前验证任何人工智能辅助的传票；原告在修改后的诉状中删除了这些引用。", "court": "B.C. Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief part struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Iyer v Nazir", "url": "/documents/1824/Iyer_v._Nazir_Canada_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants' reply memorandum relied on several non-existent case authorities; citations tied to real cases but the cited authorities as presented did not exist or were otherwise incorrect; court cautioned such errors can arise from AI assistance. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Some citations matched real cases but were mischaracterized and irrelevant to the application (different areas of law and different styles of cause), indicating misrepresentation of precedent in the applicants' submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Iyer v Nazir", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的答复备忘录依赖于几个不存在的案件主管机构；与真实案例相关的引文，但所引用的权威机构不存在或不正确；法院警告称，人工智能协助可能会出现此类错误。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|一些引文与真实案例相符，但被错误描述且与申请无关（不同的法律领域和不同的诉讼类型），表明申请人提交的材料中对先例的歪曲。", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG", "url": "/documents/1823/National_Indigenous_Fisheries_Institute_v._Canada__Canada_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit of in-house counsel cited this purported FCA decision to support extension of time; Court found the decision does not exist and treated it as AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit cited this Federal Court decision as precedent on extensions of time; Court determined the decision is non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit relied on this alleged FCA authority regarding extensions; Court concluded the citation does not correspond to a real case and is a hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit included this purported Federal Court decision to show discretion to grant extensions; Court found it non-existent and attributable to AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|内部法律顾问的宣誓书引用了 FCA 的这项所谓支持延长时间的决定；法院发现该决定不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|宣誓书引用了联邦法院的这一决定作为延长时间的先例；法院认定该决定不存在，很可能是人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|宣誓书依赖于 FCA 的有关延期的权威；法院得出的结论是，该传票与真实案件不符，属于幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|宣誓书包括联邦法院的这一裁决，以显示授予延期的自由裁量权；法院认为它不存在，归因于人工智能的幻觉。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Re Reza Khoshnik", "url": "/documents/1871/2026onsc1581.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Bankrupt quoted and attributed a proposition to Re Fakoori that he later admitted was manufactured by his materials. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Bankrupt cited Wang v. Wang as if it supported the proposition that bankruptcy courts can routinely decide complex fraud claims during bankruptcy proceedings; court found the cited case unrelated to that proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Bankrupt relied on Simone v. Daley to support that certain breach-of-trust determinations belong within bankruptcy proceedings; the court found the Bankrupt mischaracterized the authority (appeal reversed the relevant finding).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Re Reza Khoshnik", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Bankrupt引用并归因于Re Fakoori的一个提议，他后来承认该提议是由他的材料制成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| 《Bankrupt》引用了 Wang v. Wang 案，似乎支持破产法院可以在破产程序期间例行裁决复杂的欺诈索赔的主张；法院认为所引用的案件与该主张无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Bankrupt 依靠 Simone v. Daley 来支持某些违反信托的裁决属于破产程序；法院认为破产人错误地描述了该机构（上诉推翻了相关裁决）。", "court": "Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "title": "Law Society of Alberta v. Tiwana", "url": "/documents/1902/Law-Society-of-Alberta-v-Tiwana-2026-ABLS-7.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated hallucinated case cited in appellant's brief; LSA counsel could not locate it and appellant admitted it was a 'placeholder'. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Repeated oral reliance on a Law Society of BC case that was irrelevant and for which the appellant could not provide style of cause or citation; court noted the reference did not support his propositions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Law Society of Alberta v. Tiwana", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人简介中引用了人工智能生成的幻觉案例； LSA 律师无法找到它，上诉人承认它是一个“占位符”。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反复口头依赖不列颠哥伦比亚省律师协会的案件，该案件无关紧要，且上诉人无法提供原因或引文的风格；法院指出，该参考文献并不支持他的主张。", "court": "Law Society of Alberta Appeal Panel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI misuse as aggravating factor for awarding costs", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Krivaia v. Hungerford", "url": "/documents/1707/Krivaia-v-Hungerford-2026-BCSC-408.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Earlier iterations of the Plaintiffs' pleadings (NOCC, ANOCC, FANOCC) cited case authorities that did not exist and were characterized as AI‑hallucinated; the fictitious references were removed in the Proposed 2FANOCC.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Krivaia v. Hungerford", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告诉状的早期版本（NOCC、ANOCC、FANOCC）引用了不存在的案件权威，并被定性为人工智能幻觉；拟议的 2FANOCC 中删除了虚构的参考文献。", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No strike for abuse of process", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc.", "url": "/documents/1642/2026onsc1438.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 44 of the Reply Factum purports to quote BH Frontier Solutions Inc. v. 11054660 Canada Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up. || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 52 of the Reply Factum purports to quote Trustees of the Millwright Regional Council of Ontario Pension Trust Fund v. Celestica Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up (and misattributes authorship). || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 58 of the Reply Factum purports to quote Pita Royale Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up. || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 79 of the Reply Factum again purports to quote Trustees of the Millwright Regional Council of Ontario Pension Trust Fund v. Celestica Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up (and misattributes the author). || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 36 of the Reply Factum purports to quote Sattva Capital Corp. v. Creston Moly Corp.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up. || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 41 of the Reply Factum purports to quote FNF Enterprises Inc. v. Wag and Train Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up. || False Quotes: Case Law | Paragraph 43 of the Reply Factum purports to quote Pita Royale Inc. v. Buckingham Properties Inc.; the court found the quoted passage does not appear in the decision and is wholly made up.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 44 段意在引用 BH Frontier Solutions Inc. v. 11054660 Canada Inc.；法院认为所引用的段落并未出现在判决中，且完全是编造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 52 段意在引用安大略省养老金信托基金 Millwright 地区理事会的受托人诉 Celestica Inc. 案；法院认为所引用的段落没有出现在判决中，并且完全是编造的（并且歪曲了作者身份）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 58 段意在引用 Pita Royale Inc.；法院认为所引用的段落并未出现在判决中，且完全是编造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 79 段再次意图引用安大略省养老金信托基金 Millwright 地区理事会的受托人诉 Celestica Inc. 案；法院认为所引用的段落没有出现在判决中，并且完全是编造的（并且歪曲了作者的身份）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 36 段意在引用 Sattva Capital Corp. 诉 Creston Moly Corp. 案；法院认为所引用的段落并未出现在判决中，且完全是编造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 41 段意在引用 FNF Enterprises Inc. 诉 Wag and Train Inc. 案；法院认为所引用的段落并未出现在判决中，且完全是编造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复事实的第 43 段意在引用 Pita Royale Inc. 诉 Buckingham Properties Inc. 案；法院认为所引用的段落并未出现在判决中，且完全是编造的。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699", "url": "/documents/1712/Siemens-v.-The-Owners-Strata-Plan-EPS3699-2026-BCCRT-401.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a case in support of remedies that the tribunal found did not exist or did not apply; tribunal concluded it was likely AI-generated and rejected reliance on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a second case purportedly supporting her position; tribunal found it likewise either non-existent or inapplicable and likely produced by AI, and therefore not relied upon.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了仲裁庭认为不存在或不适用的补救措施的案例；仲裁庭得出结论，它很可能是人工智能生成的，并拒绝对其依赖。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了第二个据称支持其立场的案例；仲裁庭同样认为它不存在或不适用，并且很可能是由人工智能产生的，因此不予依赖。", "court": "CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Thabize c. Immobilière montérégienne IMR inc.", "url": "/documents/1778/Thabize-c.-Immobiliere-monteregienne-IMR-inc.-2026-QCTAL-7284.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited a purported decision 'Événtail Habitation inc. c. X, 2023 QCTAL 150'; tribunal (citing opposing party's point) found the jurisprudence unlocatable and likely produced by artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Thabize c. Immobilière montérégienne IMR inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|租户引用了一项所谓的决定“Événtail Habitation inc.”。 c. X，2023 QCTAL 150'；仲裁庭（援引对方的观点）发现该判例无法定位，并且很可能是由人工智能产生的。", "court": "TAL", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Further filings barred without prior authorization", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Erin Gray v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "/documents/1711/Gray-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-306.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One of the Applicant's memorandum citations did not exist; the Court found it to be a fabricated case citation produced by AI and described the jurisprudence as hallucinated. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second memorandum citation was likewise non-existent; the Court identified it as another fabricated case citation resulting from the Applicant's use of AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Erin Gray v Attorney General of Canada", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的一份备忘录引文不存在；法院认为这是人工智能制作的捏造的案例引文，并将判例描述为幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|第二份备忘录引用同样也不存在；法院认定这是申请人使用人工智能而造成的另一起捏造的案件引文。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Makongo c. Montpetit", "url": "/documents/1710/Makongo-v.-Montpetit-2026-QCCQ-746-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation could not be located in legal databases; tribunal treated the reference as fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation provided (QCCA) was introuvable; an existing Supreme Court decision on the same name addresses unrelated issues — principle misattributed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Named neutral citation did not correspond to the case cited (mis-citation/misattribution). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Real criminal-law decision cited and used to support unrelated civil procedural principles (misattribution/irrelevant authority). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Neutral/reference citation corresponded to a different decision (mis-citation); the named decision did not support the principle invoked.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Makongo c. Montpetit", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|无法在法律数据库中找到引文；仲裁庭将这一提及视为虚构。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|提供的引文（QCCA）令人厌烦；最高法院现有的同名判决涉及不相关的问题——原则被错误归因。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|命名中性引用与引用的案例不符（错误引用/错误归因）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用并用于支持不相关的民事诉讼原则（错误归属/不相关权威）的真实刑法判决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|中立/参考引用对应于不同的决定（错误引用）；指定的决定不支持所援引的原则。", "court": "Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "800 CAD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel", "url": "/documents/1708/Asey-v.-The-Association-of-Justice-Counsel-2026-HRTO-367.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal observed that many cases cited by the applicant appear to be non-existent or 'manufactured' and do not stand for the principles asserted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Garcia v. Tri-Krete, 2008 HRTO 288 but the tribunal found the case distinguishable and not supportive of the applicant's assertion that deferral requires an 'actual proceeding'. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited Beange v. T. Bell Transport, 2020 HRTO 784 but the tribunal concluded the applicant mischaracterized that decision (the tribunal in Beange ordered a deferral on its facts). || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Applicant relied on 'dramatically incorrect articulations' of Tribunal Rules and the Practice Direction on Reconsiderations; tribunal found these doctrinal assertions inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|仲裁庭认为，申请人引用的许多案例似乎不存在或“捏造”，并不代表所主张的原则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人援引了 Garcia v. Tri-Krete, 2008 HRTO 288，但仲裁庭认为该案具有可区分性，并且不支持申请人关于延期需要“实际程序”的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人援引了 Beange v. T. Bell Transport, 2020 HRTO 784，但仲裁庭得出结论，申请人错误地描述了该决定（Beange 案中的仲裁庭下令推迟其事实）。 ||歪曲：教义工作|申请人依赖仲裁庭规则和复议实践指示的“极其错误的表述”；仲裁庭认为这些理论主张不准确。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Re Gary Man Kin Ng", "url": "/documents/1693/Re_Gary_Ng_Canada_2_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250'; court found no such decision at that citation in CanLII or Westlaw and paragraph references did not match existing Galty decisions; Bankrupt admitted reliance on AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple other unspecified authorities in the Bankrupt's materials appeared to be AI-generated/hallucinatory; opposing counsel alerted the court and the court ordered the Bankrupt to produce every cited case or admit non-existence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Re Gary Man Kin Ng", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|破产者引用“Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250”；法院在 CanLII 或 Westlaw 的引用中没有发现此类决定，并且段落引用与现有的 Galty 决定不符；破产者承认依赖人工智能。 ||捏造：判例法|破产者材料中的多个其他未指明的权威似乎是人工智能生成的/幻觉；对方律师向法院发出警告，法院命令破产人出示所有引用的案件或承认不存在。", "court": "Ontario SCJ (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Maruta v. Mahon", "url": "/documents/1709/Maruta-v.-Mahon-2026-HRTO-356.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited authorities that 'do not stand for the proposition she sought to advance', i.e., mischaracterized existing cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited cases that 'do not appear to exist'; Tribunal characterized them as manufactured and found reliance on them undermined the submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Maruta v. Mahon", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|申请人引用了当局“不支持她试图提出的主张”的说法，即错误地描述了现有案件。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用的案例“似乎不存在”；法庭将它们定性为制造品，并发现对它们的依赖破坏了提交的材料。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-27", "title": "White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946", "url": "/documents/1630/White_v._The_Ownerrs_Canada_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicants' submissions included multiple incorrect or inapplicable CRT case citations; tribunal found these were likely AI-generated and did not address arguments with no legal basis. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicants repeatedly cited a subsection of the Strata Property Act that does not exist; tribunal identified this as a likely hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|申请人提交的材料包括多个不正确或不适用的 CRT 案例引用；仲裁庭认为这些很可能是人工智能生成的，并且没有解决没有法律依据的论点。 ||捏造：法律规范|申请人多次引用了《分层财产法》中不存在的条款；法庭认定这可能是幻觉。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "N… R… c. M… S…", "url": "/documents/1776/Droit-de-la-famille--26184-2026-QCCS-666.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Partial fabrication/manipulation of a quotation attributed to the DPJ; the court reviewed the records and could not find the quoted wording as presented. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Pure fabrication of a quotation attributed to the children's lawyer (Me Dupont); court could not find the quote in any filed documents. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent decision of the Court of Appeal; court could not locate the decision and the defendant later admitted using AI in preparing his materials. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Misstates or invents wording of legislative articles, citing inapplicable provisions or inventing libellés, which misled the court in parts of the motion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "N… R… c. M… S…", "description_zh": "虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |部分捏造/操纵民主党的引文；法院审查了记录，但找不到所引用的措辞。 ||制作：展览和提交|纯粹捏造儿童律师（Me Dupont）的引述；法院无法在任何提交的文件中找到该引述。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了上诉法院一项不存在的裁决；法院无法找到该决定，被告后来承认在准备材料时使用了人工智能。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|错误陈述或发明立法条款的措辞，引用不适用的条款或发明诽谤，从而在动议的部分内容中误导了法院。", "court": "Québec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co.", "url": "/documents/1706/14095863-Canada-Inc.-v-Abercrombie-Fitch-Trading-Co.-2026-TMOB-28-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Registrar identified multiple cited cases that do not appear to exist in the Requesting Party's written representations and flagged them as fabricated; Registrar noted these appeared across several paragraphs and undermined the submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Registrar found several purported quotations in paras 71–75 that appear to be completely fabricated and thus not attributable to any real authority; Registrar treated them as fabricated quotations undermining the submission's reliability. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Registrar noted inaccurate quotations/misquotations of the Trademarks Act (inserting 'and services' where only 'goods' appeared) and misquotations of case law in multiple paragraphs; these misrepresentations were identified and criticized. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Registrar observed references to non-existent exhibits and allegations that the Owner fabricated portions of its evidence; Registrar rejected these assertions as baseless given the Requesting Party's own fabricated citations and quotations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|书记官长发现了请求方书面陈述中似乎不存在的多个引用案例，并将其标记为捏造；书记官长指出，这些内容出现在多个段落中，破坏了提交的材料。 ||捏造：判例法|书记官长在第 71 至 75 段中发现了几处据称的引文，这些引文似乎完全是捏造的，因此不能归因于任何真正的权威；注册服务商将它们视为捏造的报价，破坏了提交的可靠性。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|注册官注意到对《商标法》的不准确引用/错误引用（在仅出现“商品”的地方插入“和服务”）以及多个段落中对判例法的错误引用；这些失实陈述已被查明并受到批评。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |登记官观察到对不存在的证物的提及以及对所有者捏造部分证据的指控；鉴于请求方自己捏造的引文和引文，书记官长驳回了这些说法，认为这些说法毫无根据。", "court": "Canadian IPO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "HDO v MDF", "url": "/documents/1540/HDO_v._MDF_Canada_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Several cited cases did not exist; provided links directed the court to a large language model platform webpage indicating the citations were fabricated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Other cited authorities were real but were relied on for propositions they did not support (irrelevant or misrepresented precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HDO v MDF", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|几个引用的案例并不存在；提供的链接将法院引导至大型语言模型平台网页，表明引文是人工智能伪造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|其他引用的权威是真实的，但被依赖于他们不支持的主张（不相关或歪曲的先例）。", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-16", "title": "Deblois v. Procureur Général", "url": "/documents/1783/Deblois-c.-Canada-Procureur-general-2026-CF-218.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Federal Court of Appeal decisions that could not be located; after a court directive she admitted by email the decisions were not retrievable and the court gave such arguments no weight.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deblois v. Procureur Général", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了无法找到的联邦上诉法院的判决；在收到法院指令后，她通过电子邮件承认这些决定无法检索，法院对此类论点没有重视。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Alamleh c. R.", "url": "/documents/1537/Alamleh_v._King_Canada_11_February_303.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Representations contained references to inexistent case law identified on review by the Court. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Representations cited an inexistent statute described as the 'Code of Criminal Procedure'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Included inexistent paragraph/pinpoint references to existing judgments (invented paragraph numbers). || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Contained inaccurate/misstated references to the judgment on conviction.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Alamleh c. R.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|陈述中提到了法院审查时发现的不存在的判例法。 ||捏造：法律规范|陈述引用了一项不存在的法规，称为“刑事诉讼法”。 ||捏造：判例法|包括不存在的段落/对现有判决的精确引用（发明的段落编号）。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |包含对定罪判决的不准确/错误表述。", "court": "SC Quebec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Garrick v Halton Police Board", "url": "/documents/1705/Garrick-v-Halton-Police-Board-2026-ONSC-802.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garrick v Halton Police Board", "court": "SCJ Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Abdul Rahim Seidu v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "/documents/1638/2026fc185.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion record (Exhibit A to Lejeune affidavit) cited four Federal Court decisions that were non-existent; Minister notified counsel these cases did not exist and the Court flagged possible AI-generated fabrication. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Erroneous legal propositions in the motion record were initially supported by fictitious case citations and later had the fictitious citations removed, leaving unsupported legal assertions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Abdul Rahim Seidu v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|动议记录（Lejeune 宣誓书的附件 A）引用了四项不存在的联邦法院判决；部长通知律师这些案件并不存在，法院标记了可能是人工智能生成的捏造事件。 ||歪曲：教义工作|动议记录中的错误法律主张最初是通过虚构的案例引用来支持的，后来又删除了虚构的引用，留下了不受支持的法律主张。", "court": "Federal Court (Canada)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Zeng v. Zuo", "url": "/documents/1704/Zeng-v-Zuo-2026-BCSC-188-compressed.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zeng v. Zuo", "court": "Supreme Court of British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Applicant v. BC College of Physicians and Surgeons", "url": "/documents/1703/A_JQ68PYr.-College-of-Physicians-and-Surgeons-of-British-Columbia-No.-2-2026-BCHPRB-25.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Singh v. CPSBC (2009 BCSC); the Review Board was unable to locate the decision and noted the citation may be in error. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited Patel v. CPSBC (2011 BCCA); the Review Board was unable to locate the decision and noted the citation may be in error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Applicant v. BC College of Physicians and Surgeons", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了 Singh 诉 CPSBC (2009 BCSC)；审查委员会无法找到该决定，并指出引用可能有误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了 Patel 诉 CPSBC (2011 BCCA)；审查委员会无法找到该决定，并指出引用可能有误。", "court": "HPRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al.", "url": "/documents/1639/2026onsc698.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Factum contained a quotation attributed to a Court of Appeal decision that could not be located in the cited decision; counsel could not produce the quoted passage when asked. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Principles set out in RSR's factum did not match the actual findings of Louis Jones Construction Ltd. v. Rocque, 2022 ONSC 2362; the case was mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Factum 包含了上诉法院判决的引文，但在所引用的判决中无法找到该判决；当被问及时，律师无法出示所引用的段落。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| RSR 事实中阐述的原则与 Louis Jones Construction Ltd. v. Rocque, 2022 ONSC 2362 案的实际调查结果不符；此案被错误描述。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Misuse of AI potentially factored into costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Rasko v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1631/Rasko_v._Insurance_Co_BC_Canada_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698' for the proposition that a sudden unnecessary stop can share fault; Tribunal found the case does not exist and that ICBC had raised the issue.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rasko v. ICBC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用“Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698”来主张突然不必要的停车可以分担过错；仲裁庭认定该案不存在，并且工商银行已提出了该问题。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Howse v. Coulton", "url": "/documents/1632/Howse_v._Coulton_Canada_29_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111' to argue claims beyond CRT limits must be transferred; Tribunal found no such case exists and characterized the citation as a likely AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Howse v. Coulton", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被申请人引用“Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111”来论证超出 CRT 限制的索赔必须转移；法庭发现不存在这样的案例，并将该传票定性为可能是人工智能产生的幻觉。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc.", "url": "/documents/1439/Davidson_v._PCL_Constructors_Canada_27_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on a non-existent case cited as authority; Tribunal found there is no such authority and treated the citation as erroneous, noting respondent alleged AI/LLM produced it but declining to find that.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|投诉人引用了一个不存在的案例作为权威；仲裁庭认为不存在这样的权威，并将该引文视为错误，并指出被告声称 AI/LLM 制作了该引文，但拒绝查明这一点。", "court": "HRT Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Gu v Fogler Rubinoff", "url": "/documents/1702/Gu-v-Fogler-Rubinoff-2026-ONSC-466-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum included at least two fully cited cases and quoted passages that could not be located; responding party brought this to court's attention; applicant's daughter conceded they were created by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | One or more quoted passages attributed to cited cases were false because the underlying cases did not exist; court treated submission as misconduct and denied costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gu v Fogler Rubinoff", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的事实包括至少两个完整引用的案例和无法找到的引用段落；应诉方提请法院注意此事；申请人的女儿承认它们是由人工智能创造的。 ||捏造：判例法|归因于所引用案例的一段或多段引用段落是错误的，因为根本案例并不存在；法院将提交视为不当行为并拒绝支付费用。", "court": "SCJ Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Zou v. Miracon Development Inc.", "url": "/documents/1700/Zou-v-Miracon-Development-Inc.-2026-BCSC-85-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs submitted non-existent case citations generated by AI; the defence identified them as fictitious and the Court treated them as AI 'hallucinations' and imposed costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zou v. Miracon Development Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告提交了人工智能生成的不存在的案件引文；辩方认为它们是虚构的，法院将它们视为人工智能的“幻觉”并征收费用。", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "200 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "/documents/1701/Pellegrino-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-5.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Representative cited a non-existent Tribunal decision 'Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63'; the Tribunal found the case does not exist and warned such citations may incur cost consequences.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|代表引用了一项不存在的仲裁庭裁决“Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63”；法庭认定此案不存在，并警告称此类传票可能会产生费用后果。", "court": "CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Waddell (Re)", "url": "/documents/1754/Waddell-Re-2026-ONSC-387-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Waddell's initial factum listed 16 authorities with no citations/hyperlinks and raised concern they might be AI-generated fabrications; directed Waddell to provide proper cites or explain absence; Waddell later filed a revised factum with five cited cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waddell (Re)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院注意到 Waddell 最初的事实列出了 16 个权威机构，但没有引用/超链接，并担心它们可能是人工智能捏造的；指示 Waddell 提供适当的引用或解释缺席情况；沃德尔后来提交了一份修订后的事实，其中包含五个引用的案例。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "title": "Amit Arora v. Canadian National Railway", "url": "/documents/1753/Arora-v.-Canadian-National-Railway-2026-FC-82.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a nonexistent case 'Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836' as authority for a proposition about reply affidavits; Court found no such case at that citation and that the paragraphs cited did not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'CP Rail v. Canada (AG), 2015 FC 1348' which the Court determined does not exist and is a hallucinated authority. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Asserted the legal proposition that 'reply affidavits served within the Rule 312(1) window do not require leave'—the Court found this proposition to be false and misstates the law.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Amit Arora v. Canadian National Railway", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用了一个不存在的案件“Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836”作为有关答复宣誓书提案的权威；法院在该传票中没有发现此类案件，并且所引用的段落不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了“CP Rail v. Canada (AG), 2015 FC 1348”，法院认定该案不存在，是一个幻觉的权威。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|主张“在规则 312(1) 窗口内送达的答复宣誓书不需要许可”的法律主张——法院认为该主张是错误的，并且错误地陈述了法律。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "/documents/1752/Vasina-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-3.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited this case; Tribunal found no record of it and stated it does not exist and cannot be relied upon. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant referred to requirements for forms purportedly mandated by statute; Tribunal found these requirements are not set out in the Act or any legislation and cannot be relied upon.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了该案例；法庭没有发现任何记录，并表示该记录不存在且不能依赖。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了该案例；法庭没有发现任何记录，并表示该记录不存在且不能依赖。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了该案例；法庭没有发现任何记录，并表示该记录不存在且不能依赖。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了该案例；法庭没有发现任何记录，并表示该记录不存在且不能依赖。 ||捏造：法律规范|申请人提到了据称是法规强制要求的表格要求；法庭认为这些要求并未在该法案或任何立法中规定，因此不能依赖。", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Alexandra Philomena Brigid Roy v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "/documents/1751/Roy-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-28-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's memorandum contained references to jurisprudence that did not exist; the Respondent flagged the issue and the Court disregarded the unreliable case citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Alexandra Philomena Brigid Roy v Attorney General of Canada", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的备忘录中提到了不存在的判例；被告提出了这个问题，法院忽略了不可靠的案例引用。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "title": "Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324", "url": "/documents/1750/Riley-Pollard-v-UNIFOR-Local-324-2026-CanLII-1037-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Opposing party alleged Mr. Pollard's written submissions included references to Board Rules that did not exist or were mischaracterized; Board noted the allegation, found Rules 2.4 and 5.1 were properly cited, and ignored other inaccurate rule citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|反对方声称波拉德先生的书面意见中引用了不存在或被错误描述的董事会规则；委员会注意到了这一指控，发现规则 2.4 和 5.1 被正确引用，并忽略了其他不准确的规则引用。", "court": "Ontario LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Bahrani v Peters", "url": "/documents/1749/Bahrani-v-Peters-2026-SKCA-2-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's written submissions cited 14 reported decisions; court found 13 were non-existent or had mismatched neutral citations and did not support the propositions; court imposed $3,000 costs to Ms. Peters for time spent locating non-existent cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bahrani v Peters", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的书面陈述引用了 14 项报告的决定；法院认定 13 项不存在或中性引文不匹配，因此不支持这些主张；法院因彼得斯女士在寻找不存在的案件上花费的时间而向其征收 3,000 美元的费用。", "court": "CA Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Misuse of AI taken into account in reducing costs owed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan", "url": "/documents/1242/Greenwood_v._Strata_Plan_Canada_5_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent CRT cases throughout submissions; tribunal identified these as likely AI-generated and declined to address arguments based on them. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant cited SPA sections that were 'clearly incorrect'; tribunal described these incorrect statutory citations as likely AI-generated misrepresentations of legal norms.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人在整个提交过程中引用了不存在的 CRT 案例；仲裁庭认为这些可能是人工智能生成的，并拒绝解决基于它们的论点。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|申请人引用的 SPA 部分“明显不正确”；仲裁庭将这些不正确的法定引用描述为可能是人工智能对法律规范的误述。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Dudak (Re)", "url": "/documents/1748/Dudak-Re-2026-ABSRA-54.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recipient cited this authority in support; adjudicator found the citation did not correspond to a relevant authority and appears fabricated or misattributed and therefore was not considered.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Dudak (Re)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|接收者引用了该权威的支持；裁决员发现该传票与相关权威机构不相符，并且似乎是捏造或误传的，因此未予考虑。", "court": "SafeRoads Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario", "url": "/documents/1270/Mazaheri_v_Law_Society_of_Ontario_Canada_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's factum contained numerous non-existent and misleading case authorities generated by AI; Tribunal compiled a 15‑page chart identifying them and found no reliable authority in the materials. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | AI-generated materials included incorrect citations, hyperlinks, and erroneous application of Tribunal Rules in the factum and supplementary factum, which the applicant admitted were unverified.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的事实陈述包含大量由人工智能生成的不存在且具有误导性的案件权威；法庭编制了一份 15 页的图表来识别它们，但发现这些材料没有可靠的权威。 ||制作：展览和提交|人工智能生成的材料包括错误的引用、超链接以及在事实和补充事实中错误应用仲裁庭规则，申请人承认这些材料未经核实。", "court": "Ontario Law Society Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grok", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "Chaudhary v. Genest", "url": "/documents/1281/Chaudhary_v._Genest_Canada_29_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant attributed a direct judicial quotation to Nelles v. Ontario that does not appear in the decision; Tribunal found the quotation and propositions relied upon are not in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant summarized Morier and Boily v. Rivard in ways that included propositions and a direct quotation not found in the decision; Tribunal identified the misattribution. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Mackeigan v. Hickman but provided quotations and factual inferences not present in the decision; Tribunal concluded the case was mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Chaudhary v. Genest", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|申请人将 Nelles v. Ontario 案中的直接司法引述归咎于判决中未出现的内容；仲裁庭认为所依据的引文和主张并不存在于本案中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|申请人以包括判决中未发现的命题和直接引用的方式总结了莫里尔和博伊利诉里瓦尔德案；仲裁庭认定了这一错误归属。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人援引了 Mackeigan v. Hickman 案，但提供了判决中未出现的引文和事实推论；法庭得出结论，该案被错误描述。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-24", "title": "JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "/documents/1747/JF-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1390.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976' which does not exist; tribunal found only Helsi Construction Management Inc. v Canada (Attorney General), 1999 CanLII 8976 (FCA) under that number and held it was unrelated, so the cited authority could not be considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Lafleur v Canada, 2004 FCA 155' which does not exist; tribunal found the citation corresponds to Séguin v Canada, 2004 FCA 155, which is unrelated and thus the cited authority could not be considered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Kienast v Canada, 2004 FCA 128' which does not exist; tribunal found the citation leads to Fraser v Canada (Attorney General), 2004 FCA 128, which is unrelated and therefore not relied upon. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Lussier v Canada, 2005 FCA 91' which does not exist; tribunal found the citation corresponds to Fernandopulle v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2005 FCA 91, unrelated to antedating, so it could not be considered.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的“Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976”并不存在；仲裁庭仅在该编号下认定了 Helsi Construction Management Inc. v Canada (Attorney General), 1999 CanLII 8976 (FCA)，并认为其不相关，因此不能考虑所引用的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的“Lafleur v Canada, 2004 FCA 155”并不存在；仲裁庭发现该引文对应于 Séguin v Canada, 2004 FCA 155，两者不相关，因此不能考虑所引用的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的“Kienast v Canada, 2004 FCA 128”并不存在；仲裁庭发现该传票指向 Fraser v Canada (Attorney General), 2004 FCA 128，该案不相关，因此不予依赖。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的“Lussier v Canada, 2005 FCA 91”并不存在；仲裁庭认为该传票对应于 Fernandopulle v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2005 FCA 91，与提前日期无关，因此无法予以考虑。", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Obermann v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1202/Obermann_v._ICBC_Canada.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions referred to cases that do not exist; tribunal concluded they were likely AI-generated hallucinations and declined to address those citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Obermann v. ICBC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人提交的材料涉及不存在的案件；法庭得出的结论是，它们很可能是人工智能产生的幻觉，并拒绝回应这些引文。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French", "url": "/documents/1282/In_re_Grey_Matter_Canada.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Requesting Party cited Burke‑Robertson v Carhartt Canada Ltd (1994), but Board found the decision did not stand for the principle relied upon. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Requesting Party cited Shapiro Cohen Andrews & Finlayson v 1089751 Ontario Limited (2003), but Board found the decision did not stand for the principle relied upon. || Misrepresented: Other | Board observed multiple inaccurate citations in the Requesting Party's written representations and noted these could result from failure to verify generative AI outputs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|请求方引用了 Burke-Robertson 诉 Carhartt Canada Ltd (1994)，但委员会认为该决定并不代表所依据的原则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|请求方引用了 Shapiro Cohen Andrews & Finlayson v 1089751 Ontario Limited (2003)，但委员会认为该决定并不代表所依据的原则。 ||误传：其他|委员会观察到请求方书面陈述中存在多处不准确的引用，并指出这些可能是由于未能验证生成人工智能输出而造成的。", "court": "IP Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Vicki Boomer v. Hospital Employees' Union and Interior Health Authority", "url": "/documents/1746/Vicki-Boomer-2025-BCLRB-250.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited \"Section 6(3)(h)\" of the Labour Relations Code; the Board observed that no such provision exists and could not determine what was referenced. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a \"Teamsters case (BCLRB No. B135/2022)\"; the Board noted there is no case bearing that citation and that the citation appears fabricated. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant referred to \"Section 13\" as if it were a provision of the Labour Relations Code when it is a section of the Human Rights Code; the Board identified this misattribution.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Vicki Boomer v. Hospital Employees' Union and Interior Health Authority", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|申请人引用《劳资关系法》“第 6(3)(h) 条”；委员会认为不存在此类规定，因此无法确定所提及的内容。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Teamsters案例（BCLRB No. B135/2022）”；委员会指出，没有任何案件带有该传票，而且该传票似乎是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|申请人将“第 13 条”视为《劳动关系法》的一项条款，而实际上它是《人权法》的一部分；董事会发现了这种错误归因。", "court": "British Columbia LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc.", "url": "/documents/1777/St-Roch-c.-Andritz-Hydro-Canada-inc.-2025-QCTAT-5136.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Bélanger c. Ville de Repentigny, 2008 QCCA 603'; Tribunal states this decision does not exist and was not pleaded before TAT-1.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Bélanger c.”。悔罪城，2008 QCCA 603'；仲裁庭称该决定不存在，也未向 TAT-1 提出抗辩。", "court": "TAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d'Hydro-Québec", "url": "/documents/1758/Begin-Letourneau-c.-Syndicat-des-specialistes-et-professionnels.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Party submitted the citation 'Côté c. Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 1500, [1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.)'; Tribunal found it appears not to exist, likely AI-invented, and disregarded it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Party submitted the citation 'Tremblay c. Syndicat des travailleurs de l’aluminium d’Arvida (CSN), D.T.E. 96T-303'; Tribunal found it appears not to exist, likely AI-invented, and disregarded it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d'Hydro-Québec", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|缔约方提交了奖状“Côté c”。 Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique，区域设置 1500 节，[1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.)'；法庭发现它似乎不存在，很可能是人工智能发明的，因此忽略了它。 ||捏造：判例法|当事人提交了引文“Tremblay c”。 Syndicat des travailleurs de l’aluminium d’Arvida (CSN), D.T.E. 96T-303'；法庭发现它似乎不存在，很可能是人工智能发明的，因此忽略了它。", "court": "TAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Huseyin Turgut v The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "/documents/1637/2025fc1951.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Memorandum of Argument contained citations to non-existent Federal Court decisions; Court flagged the non-existing case law, required explanation, and counsel admitted error and withdrew reliance on those citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Huseyin Turgut v The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的论证备忘录包含对不存在的联邦法院判决的引用；法院标记了不存在的判例法，要求做出解释，律师承认错误并撤回了对这些引文的依赖。", "court": "Federal Court (Canada)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Withdrawal of arguments based on the disputed citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "title": "Barrette v Wevers", "url": "/documents/1437/Barrette_v._Wevers_Canada_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One non-existent case authority cited in the appellant's factum and oral submissions; the Court found it fabricated || Fabricated: Case Law | A second non-existent case authority cited by the appellant; the Court treated it as fabricated || Fabricated: Legal Norm | A non-existent regulation cited by the appellant (a fabricated legal norm); the Court treated it as a fake authority and included it in the assessment of enhanced costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Barrette v Wevers", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的事实和口头陈述中引用了一项不存在的案件权威；法院认定其捏造 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的第二个不存在的案件权威；法院将其视为捏造||捏造：法律规范|上诉人引用的不存在的规定（捏造的法律规范）；法院将其视为虚假权威，并将其纳入增加费用的评估中。", "court": "KB Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382", "url": "/documents/1757/Balogun-v.-Wentworth-Standard-Condominium.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's response cited a non-existent case to support that the Tribunal had jurisdiction; Tribunal found the case does not exist and characterized it as an AI hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's response cited a second non-existent case to support jurisdictional arguments; Tribunal determined this citation was fabricated by AI and did not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's response cited a third non-existent case; Tribunal characterized the citation as an AI-generated hallucination and refused to treat it as authoritative.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的答复引用了一个不存在的案例来支持仲裁庭拥有管辖权；法庭认定此案不存在，并将其定性为人工智能幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人的答复引用了第二个不存在的案例来支持管辖权论点；法庭认定该传票是人工智能捏造的，并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人的答复引用了第三个不存在的案例；法庭将这一引文定性为人工智能产生的幻觉，并拒绝将其视为权威。", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "J.V.E.C. v S.M.D.", "url": "/documents/1745/J.V.E.C.-v-S.M.D.-2025-SKKB-203-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Mother admitted she had cited cases that may not exist in her brief, attributing this to use of Google; court found the citations misleading and a waste of time.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "J.V.E.C. v S.M.D.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|母亲承认她引用了她的简报中可能不存在的案例，并将其归因于使用谷歌；法院认为这些引文具有误导性并且浪费时间。", "court": "KB Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187", "url": "/documents/1127/Heneghan_v._The_Owners_Strata_Plan_187_Canada_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant submitted a case citation in support of her argument; tribunal found the case does not exist and concluded it was likely an AI-generated fabrication. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant submitted a second case citation; tribunal determined this citation also does not exist and labeled it a likely AI 'hallucination.' || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant submitted a third case citation; tribunal found no record of the case and treated it as an AI-generated fabricated authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人提交了案例引用来支持她的论点；法庭发现该案件并不存在，并得出结论，这很可能是人工智能捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人提交了第二次案例引用；法庭认定该引文也不存在，并将其标记为可能的人工智能“幻觉”。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人提交了第三次案例引用；法庭没有找到该案件的记录，并将其视为人工智能生成的捏造权威。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc", "url": "/documents/1741/Internet-Sciences-Inc-v-CNSX-Markets-Inc-2025-ONCMT-17-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm || Misrepresented: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范||歪曲事实：法律规范", "court": "CMT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Wang, Fengxi (Re)", "url": "/documents/1744/Wang-Fengxi-Re-2025-ONSC-6707.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667' which the court could not locate on CanLII; court concluded it was a non-existent authority likely generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Royal Bank v. Rehmani, 2017 ONCA 615' which the court could not verify and found the neutral citation did not match the stated style of cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Royal Bank v. St-Onge, 2001 SKCA 117' but the court was unable to locate that style of cause and concluded it was erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Wang cited 'Re H.Y. Louie Co. Ltd., 2001 BCSC 556' for contingent guarantee principles but the court could not verify the citation on CanLII and found it inconsistent with the authorities it purported to rely on.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Wang, Fengxi (Re)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Wang 引用了法院无法在 CanLII 上找到的“Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667”；法院得出的结论是，它可能是由人工智能产生的不存在的权威。 ||捏造：判例法| Wang 引用了“Royal Bank v. Rehmani, 2017 ONCA 615”，法院无法核实该案件，并发现中立引文与所述原因风格不符。 ||捏造：判例法| Wang 引用了“Royal Bank v. St-Onge, 2001 SKCA 117”，但法院无法找到这种类型的理由，并得出结论认为这是错误的。 ||捏造：判例法|王引用了“Re H.Y.” Louie Co. Ltd., 2001 BCSC 556' 对于或有担保原则，但法院无法核实对 CanLII 的引用，并发现其与其声称依赖的当局不一致。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc.", "url": "/documents/1126/Obermann_v._Spring_Financial_Inc._Canada_28_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions cited non-existent case law and authorities; tribunal described these as likely AI-generated and declined to address them as having no basis in law. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant relied on legislation or legal norms that were inapplicable or mischaracterized in his submissions; tribunal treated these as part of the AI-generated/hallucinatory material and did not consider them on the merits.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人提交的材料引用了不存在的判例法和权威；法庭将这些事件描述为可能是人工智能生成的，并拒绝解决这些问题，因为它们没有法律依据。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|申请人所依据的立法或法律规范在其提交的材料中不适用或被错误描述；法庭将这些视为人工智能生成/幻觉材料的一部分，并且没有考虑其实质内容。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "Chan v. British Columbia", "url": "/documents/1742/Chan-v.-British-Columbia-Workers-Compensation-Appeal-Tribunal-2025-BCCA-452-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on AI-generated case law that the court found did not exist; court cited this misconduct in ordering security for costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Chan v. British Columbia", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人依赖的是人工智能生成的判例法，但法院认为该判例​​法并不存在；法院在下令支付费用担保时援引了这种不当行为。", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development", "url": "/documents/1743/PL-v-Minister-of-Employment-and-Social-Development-2025-SST-1237.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Gattellaro v. Canada (AG), 2005 FCA 83; Tribunal found the case does not exist and treated it as a fabricated authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Canada (AGC) v. Thouin, 2016 FC 1051; Tribunal found the case does not exist and treated it as a fabricated authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 Gattellaro 诉加拿大 (AG)，2005 FCA 83；法庭认定该案件并不存在，并将其视为捏造的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引了 Canada (AGC) v. Thouin, 2016 FC 1051；法庭认定该案件并不存在，并将其视为捏造的权威。", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "Lessard c. Longuépée", "url": "/documents/1286/Lessard_v._Longu%C3%A9p%C3%A9e_Canada_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Leblanc c. Lacasse, C.Q. 2005' from ChatGPT; court found no such decision exists and the AI reference was fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Girard c. Roy, 2012 QCCQ 7854' from ChatGPT; court found the referenced neutral citation points to an unrelated judgment and the cited decision does not exist as described. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Beaulieu c. Ferland, 2009 QCCQ 3249' from ChatGPT; court found this decision to be nonexistent and the citation corresponded to an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted 'Bujold c. Élevage du Nord, 2018 QCCQ 1649' from ChatGPT; court determined the decision was AI-generated and the neutral citation cited was to an unrelated judgment.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lessard c. Longuépée", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告提交了“Leblanc c”。拉卡斯，C.Q. 2005' 来自 ChatGPT；法院认为不存在这样的决定，并且人工智能参考是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告提交了“吉拉德c。罗伊，2012 QCCQ 7854'，来自 ChatGPT；法院发现所引用的中性引文指向不相关的判决，并且所引用的判决并不存在所述的情况。 ||捏造：判例法|原告提交了“Beaulieu c.”。 Ferland，2009 QCCQ 3249'，来自 ChatGPT；法院认为这一决定不存在，并且该传票对应于一个不相关的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|原告提交了“Bujold c.”。 Élevage du Nord，2018 QCCQ 1649'，来自 ChatGPT；法院认定该决定是人工智能生成的，所引用的中立引文是针对不相关的判决。", "court": "Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital", "url": "/documents/1082/Walker_v._Collinwood_Canada_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301' as HRTO authority; Tribunal located Dhanjal as a 1996 CHRT decision (CanLII 2385) and not as the HRTO citation provided, indicating a misattribution of the source. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Sokoloff v. Tru-Path Occupational Therapy Services Ltd., 2013 HRTO 539' as an HRTO decision and for the proposition that limitation periods do not run while discrimination continues; Tribunal found no such HRTO decision and the citation does not exist on CanLII. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Turner v. Canada Border Services Agency, 2017 HRTO 211' as Tribunal authority; Tribunal located a Turner decision but as 2020 CHRT 1 (Canadian Human Rights Tribunal), not as the HRTO citation provided, indicating a misattributed precedent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|申请人援引“Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301”作为 HRTO 权威；仲裁庭将 Dhanjal 定位为 1996 年 CHRT 裁决 (CanLII 2385)，而不是 HRTO 的引文，这表明来源的归属有误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人援引“Sokoloff v. Tru-Path Occupational Therapy Services Ltd., 2013 HRTO 539”作为 HRTO 的决定，并主张歧视持续时时效期限不计算；仲裁庭没有发现此类 HRTO 决定，并且 CanLII 上不存在该传票。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人援引“特纳诉加拿大边境服务局，2017 HRTO 211”作为仲裁庭权威；法庭认定了特纳的裁决，但其名称为 2020 CHRT 1（加拿大人权法庭），而不是 HRTO 的引文所提供的名称，这表明先例被误判。", "court": "Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Request for Reconsideration denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs c. Centre L’Autre Maison inc.", "url": "/documents/1108/Syndicat_v._Lautre_maison_Canada_21_Novembre_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted at final pleadings for 'Commission scolaire régionale Chauveau c. Roberge, [1980] C.A. 37' could not be located; court searched SOQUIJ and employer failed to produce text, concluding the decision likely does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted as 'Morin c. Commission scolaire de Laval (C.A., 1997)' could not be located; court unable to verify and employer did not produce the decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted as 'Desrosiers c. Hôpital Sainte-Anne (T.A., 2001)' was not found in searches and was not produced by employer; court concluded it likely does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reference submitted as 'Caron c. Ville de Montréal (C.R.T., 2010)' could not be located; court found employer did not provide the text and the citation appears nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs c. Centre L’Autre Maison inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在“Commission scolaire regionale Chauveau c.”的最终诉状中提交的参考资料。罗伯格，[1980] C.A. 37' 无法定位；法院搜查了 SOQUIJ，但雇主未能提供文本，因此得出结论，该决定可能不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|提交的参考文献为“Morin c.”。 Commission scolaire de Laval (C.A., 1997)’无法找到；法院无法核实，雇主也没有做出决定。 ||捏造：判例法|提交的参考文献为“Desrosiers c”。 Hôpital Sainte-Anne (T.A., 2001)' 未在搜索中找到，且并非由雇主提供；法院得出结论，它可能不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|提交的参考文献为“Caron c.”蒙特利尔市 (C.R.T., 2010)' 无法定位；法院认定雇主没有提供该文本，并且该引文似乎不存在。", "court": "Tribunal d'arbitrage (Québec)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "R v Wallace", "url": "/documents/1739/R-v-Wallace-2025-NBKB-268.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "R v Wallace", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "KB New Brunswick", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3)", "url": "/documents/1740/RR-v.-Fraser-Health-Authority-and-others-No.3-2025-BCHRT-287-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | RR cited 13 case authorities in her submissions that could not be located; Respondents queried the names in ChatGPT and obtained similar summaries, leading the Tribunal to conclude the cases were likely AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| RR 在她提交的材料中引用了 13 个案件主管机构，但无法找到；受访者查询 ChatGPT 中的姓名并获得类似的摘要，导致法庭得出结论，这些案件很可能是人工智能生成的且不存在。", "court": "British Columbia HRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Yuehong v. The Minister of Citizenship & Immigration", "url": "/documents/1076/Yuehong_v._Minister_of_Citizenship__Immigration_Canada_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Further memorandum contained incorrect or non-existent case citations; Respondent's Appendix A identified 11 incorrect references and explained errors; Court found counsel did not verify citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Yuehong v. The Minister of Citizenship & Immigration", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|进一步的备忘录包含不正确或不存在的案例引用；受访者的附录 A 指出了 11 条不正确的参考文献并解释了错误；法院发现律师没有核实引文。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Refusal to Anonymize Counsel's Identity", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "DJ v SN", "url": "/documents/1107/DJ_v._SN_Canada_19_Novembre_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's factum cited three non-existent authorities generated by AI; appellant admitted at hearing they were AI-generated and the court imposed additional costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DJ v SN", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的事实引用了人工智能生成的三个不存在的权威；上诉人在听证会上承认它们是人工智能生成的，法院征收了额外费用。", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Additional Costs", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Wang v. Mongeon", "url": "/documents/1738/Wang-v.-Mongeon-2025-HRTO-2859.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited \"Wong v. Toronto (City), 2022 HRTO 987\"; Tribunal found no such decision and that the citation number corresponds to a different case unrelated to the matter. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited \"Tan v. RBC, 2021 HRTO 432\"; Tribunal determined this citation does not exist and the number relates to a different Tribunal decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited \"Chen v. Ontario (Justice of the Peace), 2020 HRTO 112\"; Tribunal found no matching decision and noted the citation number is associated with a differently named matter.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Wang v. Mongeon", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Wong 诉多伦多（市），2022 HRTO 987”；法庭没有发现这样的决定，并且引文编号对应于与此事无关的不同案件。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Tan v. RBC, 2021 HRTO 432”；仲裁庭认定此传票不存在，且该数字与仲裁庭的另一项裁决相关。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Chen v. Ontario (Justice of the Peace), 2020 HRTO 112”；仲裁庭发现没有匹配的决定，并指出引文编号与不同名称的事项相关。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "Small Moves Canada Inc. v. Garner", "url": "/documents/1125/Small_Moves_Canada_Inc._v._Garner_Canada_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant alleged breach of the 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act'; Tribunal determined no such Act exists in BC and refused to consider the unpleaded fraud claim.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Small Moves Canada Inc. v. Garner", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|申请人涉嫌违反“不列颠哥伦比亚省欺诈交易法”；法庭认定 BC 省不存在此类法案，并拒绝考虑未经辩护的欺诈索赔。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Tribunal found the cited 'British Columbia Fraudulent Transactions Act' does not exist and declined to consider or add fraud claims based on it.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Azar c. Université de Montréal", "url": "/documents/1855/Azar-c.-Universite-de-Montreal-2025-QCCA-1442.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on numerous case-law authorities that the Respondent demonstrated do not exist; Respondent characterized them as likely AI-generated hallucinations and the court noted the applicant gave no explanation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Azar c. Université de Montréal", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人依赖于被申请人证明不存在的众多判例法权威；被告将其描述为可能是人工智能产生的幻觉，法院指出申请人没有给出任何解释。", "court": "Quebec CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "B… S… v. Ministre responsable de la Solidarité sociale et de l'Action communautaire", "url": "/documents/1904/BS-v.-Minister-responsible-for-Social-Solidarity.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | AI-generated notice presented text purporting to be article 55 of the LAPF and article 69 of its regulation that did not match the official statutory text; Tribunal found the presented text false. || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | AI-generated filing attacked the constitutionality of article 42 of the LAPF, which had been abrogated in 2013; Tribunal noted the provision was no longer in force. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | AI-generated notice enumerated numerous statutes and regulatory provisions (e.g., art. 17 of the Règlement sur l'aide aux personnes et aux familles; provisions of Loi sur le ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale) that do not apply to the contested decisions and lacked any explanation of how they infringe rights. || Misrepresented: Other | AI-generated materials contained numerous incoherences, contradictions and 'false information' across legislative and jurisprudential excerpts, undermining clarity and accuracy of the constitutional notice.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "B… S… v. Ministre responsable de la Solidarité sociale et de l'Action communautaire", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范| AI 生成的通知提供了据称是 LAPF 第 55 条及其条例第 69 条的文本，但与官方法定文本不符；仲裁庭认为所提供的文本是错误的。 ||过时的建议：废除的法律|人工智能生成的文件攻击了 LAPF 第 42 条的合宪性，该条已于 2013 年被废除；仲裁庭指出该规定不再有效。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|人工智能生成的通知列举了许多不适用于有争议的决定的法规和监管条款（例如，《Règlement sur l'aide aux personnes et aux familles》第 17 条；《Loi sur le ministère de l'Emploi et de la Solidarité Sociale》的条款），这些条款和监管条款不适用于有争议的决定，并且缺乏对它们如何侵犯权利的任何解释。 ||误传：其他|人工智能生成的材料在立法和判例摘录中包含大量不连贯、矛盾和“虚假信息”，破坏了宪法通知的清晰度和准确性。", "court": "TAQ Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "title": "Choi v. Slopinski", "url": "/documents/1736/Choi-v.-Slopinski-2025-BCSC-2226.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on 'Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403' (cited as a Supreme Court of Canada decision); defendants' counsel advised the court it is not a real case and the court noted it is not real.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Choi v. Slopinski", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告依据“Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403”（引用加拿大最高法院的裁决）；被告律师告诉法庭，这不是一个真实的案件，法庭也指出这不是真实的。", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1086/BC_Taco_Restaurant_Group_Canada_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal found multiple case citations in BC Taco's reply submissions either did not exist or did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the Tribunal flagged these as likely AI-generated fabricated authorities and deemed them unreliable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BC Taco 餐厅集团有限公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法庭发现 BC Taco 的答复意见中的多个案例引用要么不存在，要么不支持它们被引用的主张；法庭将这些标记为可能由人工智能生成的捏造权威，并认为它们不可靠。", "court": "BC Employment Standards Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "S… F… c. I… O…", "url": "/documents/1734/Droit-de-la-famille-251792-2025-QCCS-4505-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent judicial decisions in submissions and oral argument; court found the decisions did not exist. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Used ChatGPT-generated citations that misrepresented the content of the Code of Civil Procedure; on key points the provisions said the opposite of what defendant claimed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "S… F… c. I… O…", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在陈词和口头辩论中引用不存在的司法判决；法院认为这些决定并不存在。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|使用 ChatGPT 生成的引文歪曲了《民事诉讼法》的内容；在关键点上，该条款的说法与被告的主张相反。", "court": "Québec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association", "url": "/documents/1085/O.K._v._Southern_Ontario_Secondary_Schools_Association_Canada_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited and quoted a non-existent B.C. Human Rights Tribunal decision 'Hodges v. Triathlon Canada'; Tribunal could not locate the decision and counsel admitted it was cited incorrectly.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用并引用了不存在的 B.C.人权法庭裁决“霍奇斯诉加拿大铁人三项赛”；仲裁庭无法找到该决定，律师承认该决定的引用不正确。", "court": "Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Bourse de l'Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier", "url": "/documents/1077/Bourse_de_limmobilier_v._Christel_Lantier_Canada_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Document généré par ChatGPT citant une décision inexistante au paragraphe 4.3; la Cour constate la fiction de la référence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Document généré par ChatGPT citant une décision inexistante ou incorrecte; la Cour constate la fiction de la référence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Document généré par ChatGPT citant une décision avec référence incomplète/incorrecte; la Cour conclut qu'il s'agit d'une citation fictive.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bourse de l'Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| ChatGPT 引用的文件 généré 决定不存在 au 第 4.3 段； la Cour constate la reférence 小说。 ||捏造：判例法| ChatGPT 的通用文件决定不存在或不正确； la Cour constate la reférence 小说。 ||捏造：判例法| ChatGPT 引用的文档一般不完整/不正确； la Cour 总结了引文虚构的内容。", "court": "CS Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "750 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al", "url": "/documents/1733/The-Vancor-Group-Inc.-v.-2744364-Ontario-Limited-et-al-2025-ONSC-5925.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Monitor identified and court found that 'Valgardson v. British Columbia, 2020 BCCA 20' does not exist; cited by Mr. Schaller in his factum and characterized as an AI-generated fabricated case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Mr. Schaller cited 'Wallace v. Crates Marine Sales Ltd. 2014 ONSC 3124' for a proposition about balancing fairness/efficiency/access to justice; the court noted the cited decision does not exist as cited and the actual similar authority (Wallace v. Crate’s Marine Sales Ltd., 2014 ONCA 671) does not stand for that proposition. || Fabricated: Other | Monitor flagged a number of other authorities cited by Mr. Schaller that either could not be found or did not support the propositions for which they were cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "The Vancor Group Inc. 诉 2744364 Ontario Limited 等人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|监察员发现，法院发现“Valgardson 诉不列颠哥伦比亚省，2020 BCCA 20”不存在；夏勒先生在他的事实中引用了这一说法，并将其定性为人工智能生成的捏造案例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Schaller 先生引用了“Wallace v. Crates Marine Sales Ltd. 2014 ONSC 3124”关于平衡公平/效率/诉诸司法的主张；法院指出，所引用的判决并不存在，并且实际的类似权威（Wallace v. Crate’s Marine Sales Ltd., 2014 ONCA 671）并不代表该主张。 ||制作：其他|监视器指出了夏勒先生引用的其他一些权威人士，这些权威人士要么无法找到，要么不支持他们所引用的主张。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Wu v. Murray", "url": "/documents/902/2025bcca365.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant admitted an AI-generated written submission produced a fabricated case citation on a central point || Fabricated: Case Law | A second AI-generated fabricated case citation was admitted by the appellant; Registrar relied on this admission (and late filing) in awarding costs to respondents for the applications.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Wu v. Murray", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人承认人工智能生成的书面意见在中心点上伪造了案例引文 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人承认了第二次人工智能生成的捏造案件引文；注册官依据这一承认（以及迟到的申请）向受访者支付申请费用。", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs order took hallucinations into account", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "title": "X.L. v. Z.L. et al", "url": "/documents/890/2025onsc5880.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter, 2011 ONSC 5840 could not be located (hyperlink led to an error); court treated it as AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Duggan v. Durham Region Law Association (2022 ONCA 216) was cited but hyperlinks directed to a different case and the citation/report could not be relied upon for the proposition advanced. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Indalex Ltd., Re (2013 SCC 6) was cited for an unrelated proposition (pension administration case) and did not support the legal point advanced by the respondents. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Ontario Inc. v. Ranch Heating and Air Conditioning (Barrie) Limited (2012 ONCA 182) was cited for a point about concealing/diverting assets but the case concerns negligence; citation misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Ontario (Attorney General) v. Trinity Bible Chapel (2023 ONCA 134) was cited for fraudulent conveyance principles though it is a Charter/Covid-regulation case; citation misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Ms. Shek cited Bank of Montreal v. Wilder for a proposition about fraudulent intent; the hyperlink led to Schuldt v. The Queen and the cited proposition was unsupported. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Reference to Royal Bank of Canada v. North American Life Assurance Co. was hyperlinked to Gordon v. Goertz and did not support the proposition cited by the respondent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Pinto v. BMO Trust Company (2017 ONCA 120) was cited but the case/report could not be located on reporting services; treated as an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "X.L. v. Z.L. et al", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|无法找到 Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter 案的引文，2011 ONSC 5840（超链接导致错误）；法院将其视为人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|杜根诉达勒姆地区法律协会 (2022 ONCA 216) 被引用，但指向不同案件的超链接和所提出的主张不能依赖于引用/报告。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Indalex Ltd., Re (2013 SCC 6) 因一项不相关的主张（养老金管理案件）而被引用，并且不支持被告提出的法律观点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Ontario Inc. v. Ranch Heating and Air Conditioning (Barrie) Limited (2012 ONCA 182) 被援引有关隐匿/转移资产的观点，但该案涉及疏忽；引用被误用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|安大略省（总检察长）诉三一圣经教堂 (2023 ONCA 134) 因欺诈性转让原则而被引用，尽管这是一个宪章/新冠监管案件；引用被误用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Shek女士引用了蒙特利尔银行诉怀尔德案（Bank of Montréal v. Wilder）关于欺诈意图的主张；该超链接导致舒尔特诉女王案，并且所引用的主张不受支持。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|加拿大皇家银行诉北美人寿保险公司案与戈登诉戈尔茨案有超链接，并且不支持被诉人引用的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了 Pinto 诉 BMO Trust Company (2017 ONCA 120)，但在报告服务上无法找到该案件/报告；被视为人工智能幻觉。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No reliance on authorities submitted; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "T.B. v K.M.", "url": "/documents/975/2025skkb176.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'A.M. v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162, 45 CPC (8th) 212' but the citation actually corresponded to Watch v Live Nation Entertainment Inc.; court found the citation incorrect and the brief unreliable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'Baker v Baker, 2007 ONCA 329, 220 CCC (3d) 74' which the court identified as actually being R v Mariani; citation/name mismatch undermined the brief's trustworthiness. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'R.C. v R.C., 2013 NSCA 71, 331 NSR (2d) 151' but the authority was actually Antigonish/Guysborough Federation of Agriculture v Antigonish County (Municipality); court noted the misattribution. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'M.K. v S.K., 2010 ABQB 150, 99 CPC (6th) 367' which the court noted was actually Magnus v Condominium Plan No. 9511228; another instance of incorrect citation/name. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief referenced 'Gordon v Goertz, [1996] 2 SCR 27' but with an incomplete citation; court treated the brief as unreliable in part for this reason.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "T.B. v K.M.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|简短引用了“A.M.” v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162, 45 CPC (8th) 212' 但该引文实际上对应于 Watch v Live Nation Entertainment Inc.；法院认为引文不正确，摘要不可靠。 ||捏造：判例法| Brief 引用了“Baker v Baker, 2007 ONCA 329, 220 CCC (3d) 74”，法院认定该案实际上是 R v Mariani；引文/名称不匹配破坏了简报的可信度。 ||捏造：判例法|简要引用“R.C.” v R.C., 2013 NSCA 71, 331 NSR (2d) 151'，但主管机构实际上是安蒂戈尼什/盖斯伯勒农业联合会诉安蒂戈尼什县（市）；法院注意到了这种错误归属。 ||捏造：判例法|简短引用'M.K. v S.K., 2010 ABQB 150, 99 CPC (6th) 367'，法院指出该案实际上是 Magnus v Condominium Plan No. 9511228；另一个错误引用/名称的例子。 ||捏造：判例法|简要引用“Gordon v Goertz, [1996] 2 SCR 27”，但引用不完整；部分出于这个原因，法院认为该摘要不可靠。", "court": "King's Bench for Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court declined to award costs to applicant; portions of the reply brief were struck; admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-11", "title": "Gilles Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau", "url": "/documents/1782/Dulac-c.-Ville-de-Gatineau-2025-CanLII-113234-QC-TAQ.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Lambert c. Laval, 2019 QCTAQ 0678'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited '2024 QCTAQ 02812'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited '2024 QCTAQ 2765'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Tremblay c. Québec, 2018 QCTAQ 0921'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Bouchard c. Montréal, 2017 QCTAQ 1342'; Tribunal's searches could not locate this decision and deemed the reference nonexistent or erroneous.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gilles Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Lambert c.”。拉瓦尔，2019 QCTAQ 0678'；仲裁庭的搜索未能找到该决定，并认为该参考资料不存在或错误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用“2024 QCTAQ 02812”；仲裁庭的搜索未能找到该决定，并认为该参考资料不存在或错误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用“2024 QCTAQ 2765”；仲裁庭的搜索未能找到该决定，并认为该参考资料不存在或错误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Tremblay c.”。魁北克，2018 QCTAQ 0921'；仲裁庭的搜索未能找到该决定，并认为该参考资料不存在或错误。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Bouchard c.”。蒙特利尔，2017 年 QCTAQ 1342'；仲裁庭的搜索未能找到该决定，并认为该参考资料不存在或错误。", "court": "TA Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "Visca v. Halton District School Board", "url": "/documents/1731/Visca-v.-Halton-District-School-Board-2025-HRTO-2547.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708'; Tribunal noted the reference was not found/does not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Adekayode v. Metro Toronto Convention Centre, 2010 HRTO 2207'; Tribunal found this decision did not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Baranowski v. Cintas Canada Limited, 2014 HRTO 205'; Tribunal noted this decision did not appear to exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Visca v. Halton District School Board", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708”；仲裁庭指出，未找到/似乎不存在该参考文献。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Adekayode 诉多伦多都会会议中心，2010 HRTO 2207”；仲裁庭认为这一决定似乎并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了“Baranowski v. Cintas Canada Limited, 2014 HRTO 205”；仲裁庭指出，这一决定似乎并不存在。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "Ren v. Area 09", "url": "/documents/870/Ren_v_Area_Canada.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited three Board/BC Court decisions to support a 20% downward adjustment; the Assessor's search found no such decisions and the Board concluded the cited decisions do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited two BC Court decisions in support of a 'Demolition and Restoration Method (DRM)'; the Assessor could not locate these cases and the Board found they do not exist. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Appellant relied on an International Valuation Standards reference ('IVS 104-3') for valuation of disaster-affected land; the Assessor reported the IVS document cited does not support that method and the Board treated the citation as incorrect/misrepresented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ren v. Area 09", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了三项董事会/BC 法院的决定，支持向下调整 20%；评估员的检索没有发现此类决定，委员会得出的结论是所引用的决定不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 BC 法院的两项支持“拆除和恢复方法 (DRM)”的判决；评估员无法找到这些案件，委员会发现这些案件并不存在。 ||歪曲：教义工作|上诉人依据国际估价标准参考（“IVS 104-3”）对受灾土地进行估价；评估员报告所引用的 IVS 文件不支持该方法，并且委员会将引用视为不正确/歪曲。", "court": "BCPAAB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Breach of Board's Code of Conduct", "monetary_penalty": "910 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-03", "title": "Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees", "url": "/documents/1130/Deslile_Canada_3_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The complainant cited approximately 51 cases; the Board could locate only 6 and concluded many of the cited decisions do not appear to exist, indicating fabricated case law likely generated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Some cited decisions that could be located involved different parties or did not stand for the propositions attributed to them, i.e., the complainant misrepresented existing precedents.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申诉人列举了大约51个案例；委员会只能找到 6 个判决，并得出结论，许多所引用的判决似乎并不存在，这表明人工智能可能生成捏造的判例法。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|一些人引用的判决可能涉及不同当事人，或者不代表他们的主张，即申诉人歪曲了现有先例。", "court": "FPSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "Backhaus v. Area 01", "url": "/documents/928/Backhaus_v_Area_01_Canada_2_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case the Board could not locate; Board concluded it likely does not exist and excluded it from evidence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case the Board could not locate; Board concluded it likely does not exist and excluded it from evidence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Backhaus v. Area 01", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了委员会无法找到的案件；委员会得出结论，它可能不存在，并将其排除在证据之外。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了委员会无法找到的案件；委员会得出结论，它可能不存在，并将其排除在证据之外。", "court": "BC Property Assessment Appeal Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "Hogan v. Treasury Board", "url": "/documents/1756/Hogan-v.-Treasury-Board-Department-of-Employment.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | Complainant repeatedly quoted an invented version of s.129(6) of the Canada Labour Code to claim entitlement to continued wages; the Board noted the quoted wording is fabricated and irrelevant because no directions were made by the Head. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Merriweather v. Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 109', which the Board states does not exist. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Complainant relied on a 'H&S Officer Training Module - Labour Program, 2018 edition' that the Board could not locate and treats as non-existent. || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Complainant relied on ss. 22 and 44 of the (former) FPSLRA to claim broad remedial/interim powers; the Board noted those sections were repealed in 2013 and did not say what the complainant attributed to them. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Fanning v. Treasury Board, 2023 FPSLREB 12', which the Board states does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Vancouver v. CUPE, 2006 SCC 27', which the Board states does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Canadian Human Rights Commission v. Canada (AG), 2018 FCA 12', which the Board states does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant relied on IWA v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd., [1990] 1 SCR 282 for the proposition that administrative tribunals have authority to grant interim relief; the Board noted the case does not address interim relief and was mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant relied on Wilson v. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., 2016 SCC 29 for the proposition that tribunals can grant interim relief; the Board found this to be a mischaracterization of that decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant claimed White v. Treasury Board (Correctional Service of Canada), 2022 FPSLREB 52 supported interim wage orders; the Board observed that decision did not order interim relief and the complainant misrepresented it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hogan v. Treasury Board", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范|投诉人多次引用《加拿大劳工法典》第 129(6) 条的虚构版本，声称有权获得持续工资；委员会指出，所引用的措辞是捏造的且无关紧要，因为负责人没有做出任何指示。 ||捏造：判例法|申诉人引用了“Merriweather 诉加拿大（总检察长），2012 FC 109”，但委员会称其不存在。 ||捏造：教义工作|投诉人依赖的是“H&S 官员培训模块 - 劳工计划，2018 年版”，但委员会无法找到该模块，并将其视为不存在。 ||过时的建议：废除的法律|投诉人依赖 ss。 （前）FPSLRA 第 22 条和第 44 条要求拥有广泛的补救/临时权力；该委员会指出这些条款已于 2013 年废除，但没有说明申诉人对这些条款的解释。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人引用了“Fanning v. Treasury Board, 2023 FPSLREB 12”，但委员会表示该内容不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|申诉人引用了“温哥华诉 CUPE，2006 SCC 27”，但委员会称其不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人引用了“加拿大人权委员会诉加拿大 (AG)，2018 FCA 12”，但委员会表示该内容不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申诉人依据 IWA v. Consolidated-Bathurst Packaging Ltd., [1990] 1 SCR 282 主张行政法庭有权给予临时救济；委员会指出，该案没有涉及临时救济，并且被错误地描述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申诉人依据 Wilson v. Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., 2016 SCC 29 提出仲裁庭可以给予临时救济的主张；董事会认为这是对该决定的错误描述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人声称 White 诉财政部委员会（加拿大惩教署），2022 FPSLREB 52 支持临时工资令；委员会指出，该决定并未下令临时救济，而且申诉人对其作出了虚假陈述。", "court": "Federal PSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade", "url": "/documents/848/2025qccs3521.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Contest filed by Respondent included (at least eight) non-existent case authorities generated by AI; opposing counsel identified the irregularity and Court treated them as fabricated citations constituting serious procedural misconduct.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被投诉人提出的争议包括（至少八个）由人工智能生成的不存在的案例权威；对方律师发现了违规行为，法院将其视为构成严重程序不当行为的捏造传票。", "court": "CS Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction for procedural misconduct", "monetary_penalty": "5000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "Reddy v Saroya", "url": "/documents/844/Reddy_v._Saroya_Canada.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's initial factum contained seven cited cases that could not be found (six purportedly ABCA decisions); court found they were likely fabricated and traced to use of a large language model; amended factum was permitted and costs referred.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Reddy v Saroya", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的初始事实包含七个无法找到的引用案例（其中六个据称是 ABCA 的决定）；法院发现它们很可能是捏造的，并可追溯到使用大型语言模型；允许修改事实并提及费用。", "court": "CA Alberta", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "17550 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "title": "Salem v. Deputy Head", "url": "/documents/1730/Salem-v.-Deputy-Head-Department-of-Health-2025-FPSLREB-122.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Grievor cited a non-existent case in his submissions; court noted the case does not exist and treated it as an AI-generated/fabricated citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Grievor relied on Barendregt v. Grebliunas as superseding Burchill; court found Barendregt irrelevant to and not superseding the applicable Burchill rule (misapplication of precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Salem v. Deputy Head", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|格里弗在他的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院指出该案件并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成/捏造的传票。 ||捏造：判例法|格里弗在他的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院指出该案件并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成/捏造的传票。 ||捏造：判例法|格里弗在他的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院指出该案件并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成/捏造的传票。 ||捏造：判例法|格里弗在他的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院指出该案件并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成/捏造的传票。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|格里弗依靠巴伦德雷特诉格雷布利乌纳斯案来取代伯奇尔案；法院认定 Barendregt 与适用的 Burchill 规则无关且不取代该规则（误用先例）。", "court": "Federal PSLREB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Messa v. Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration", "url": "/documents/1898/Messa-v.-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2025-FC-1557_1.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | The memorandum quoted Vavilov at para 125 in a way that suggested the court should 're‑weigh' evidence on judicial review, contrary to Vavilov's holding; the court identified this as a misstatement indicative of AI drafting or misunderstanding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Messa v. Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|备忘录第 125 段引用了瓦维洛夫的观点，建议法院应“重新权衡”司法审查的证据，这与瓦维洛夫的主张相反；法院认为这是人工智能起草或误解的错误陈述。", "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario", "url": "/documents/814/2025onca669.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | The factums referenced statutory provisions that do not exist (fabricated legal norms); court flagged the references as invented. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Provided notional hyperlinks to authorities that instead linked to wholly irrelevant documents, creating misleading exhibits/submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Factums referenced non-existent case law throughout, citing cases that do not exist; court identified the citations as fabrications. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Genuine cases were miscited and relied on for propositions those cases did not address; court characterised these as misrepresentations of precedent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted text attributed to case law and statutes was fabricated (false quotations); court noted quoted passages were made up.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Stile Carpentry Ltd. 诉 2004424 安大略省", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|事实引用了不存在的法律规定（捏造的法律规范）；法院将这些参考文献标记为虚构。 ||制作：展览和提交|向当局提供了名义上的超链接，但实际上链接到了完全不相关的文件，从而产生了误导性的证据/提交内容。 ||捏造：判例法|事实自始至终都引用了不存在的判例法，引用了不存在的案例；法院认定这些传票是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|真实案例被错误引用，并被依赖于这些案例未涉及的命题；法院将这些描述为对先例的歪曲。 ||虚假引述：判例法|归因于判例法和法规的引用文本是捏造的（虚假引用）；法院指出，引用的段落是编造的。", "court": "CA Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "title": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc.", "url": "/documents/889/R%C3%A9gie_du_Batiment_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_v._Al..pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A 191‑page written submission filed by the respondents cited numerous judgments that the Bureau could not locate and concluded many authorities did not exist; the Court rejected reliance on them. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | A 191‑page written submission filed by the respondents cited numerous norms that the Bureau could not locate and concluded many authorities did not exist; the Court rejected reliance on them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "魁北克省政府 c. 9308-2469 魁北克公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告提交的一份长达 191 页的书面材料引用了无线电通信局无法找到的大量判决，并得出结论，许多当局并不存在；法院拒绝依赖它们。 ||捏造：法律规范|受访者提交的一份长达 191 页的书面材料引用了无线电通信局无法找到的许多规范，并得出许多权威机构并不存在的结论；法院拒绝依赖它们。", "court": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Disregarded AI-generated arguments", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Re X Corp.", "url": "/documents/768/re_X_Corp_Canada_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Reply included a block quote attributed to paragraph 150 of a cited case, but the case has only 124 paragraphs; the quoted passage does not exist and the court flagged it as false/misleading. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Submissions cited the same case for legal propositions the case does not discuss; the court found these citations misleading or unsupported.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Re X Corp.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|答复中包含对引用案例第 150 段的大段引用，但该案例只有 124 段；所引用的段落并不存在，法院将其标记为虚假/误导性的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|提交的材料引用了同一案例中未讨论的法律命题；法院认为这些引文具有误导性或缺乏证据支持。", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Claim for compensation dismissed due to false and misleading AI-assisted submissions", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Lockwood v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/747/AB-2023-008720_Decision.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited non-existent or inapplicable sections of regulations in her reply submissions; the Tribunal found these likely AI-generated and described the submissions as confusing, effectively disregarding those citations. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant reserved rights under a non-existent 'CRT Rule 15' to request reconsideration; the Tribunal noted the rule does not exist and treated the reference as erroneous.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lockwood v. ICBC", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|申请人在其答复意见中引用了不存在或不适用的法规部分；法庭发现这些内容可能是人工智能生成的，并将这些提交的内容描述为令人困惑，实际上无视了这些引文。 ||捏造：法律规范|申请人根据不存在的“CRT 规则 15”保留请求重新考虑的权利；仲裁庭指出该规则不存在，并将该引用视为错误。", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation", "url": "/documents/974/2025canlii96840_NRiY2XS.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Micheal Lind v. International Alliance...; the Board located a decision with the same locator but it is a brief procedural decision that does not support the proposition relied upon by the applicant (misrepresented). || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited (Latreille appears again in another citation form). || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited (Hargrave variant cited by applicant not located). || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited (external tribunal decisions cited but not located). || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited (external tribunal decision cited but not located). || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case cited by applicant could not be located by the Board or OSSTF as cited (board could not locate the Millen decision as cited). || Fabricated: Case Law | Unreported decision cited by applicant that the Board could not locate as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Recent external decision cited by applicant that the Board and OSSTF could not locate as cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人依赖 Micheal Lind 诉国际联盟……；委员会找到了具有相同定位符的决定，但这是一项简短的程序决定，不支持申请人所依赖的主张（误述）。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例（Latreille 再次出现在另一个引用表格中）。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例（未找到申请人引用的哈格雷夫变体）。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例（引用了外部仲裁庭的裁决，但未找到）。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例（引用了外部仲裁庭的决定，但未找到）。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例。 ||捏造：判例法|委员会或 OSSTF 无法找到申请人引用的案例（委员会无法找到引用的 Millen 决定）。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了未报告的决定，但委员会无法找到引用的决定。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了最近的外部决定，但委员会和 OSSTF 无法找到引用的内容。", "court": "Ontario Labour Relations Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "/documents/743/Myers_v._Tarion_Warranty_Corp_Canada.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited cases that the Tribunal could not locate and determined did not appear to exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellants misquoted or paraphrased case law within quotation marks and later said the quotes were misplaced, leading the Tribunal to conclude the quotations were inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellants relied on case law to make points unrelated to those cases' holdings and misstated decisions' reasoning or conclusions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人援引了仲裁庭无法找到并确定似乎不存在的案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人在引号内错误地引用或解释了判例法，后来表示引用放错了地方，导致仲裁庭得出引用不准确的结论。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人依据判例法提出与这些案件的审理无关的观点以及错误陈述的判决的推理或结论。", "court": "Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "/documents/1729/Babbar-v.-Tarion-Warranty-Corporation-2025-CanLII-111710.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Bastide vs. Tarion WarrantyCorporation (2017) || Fabricated: Case Law | Hirsch vs. Tarion Warranty Corporation (2014)", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Bastide 与 Tarion WarrantyCorporation (2017) ||捏造：判例法| Hirsch 诉 Tarion Warranty Corporation (2014)", "court": "LAT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network", "url": "/documents/1728/MacEachern-Flatt-v.-University-Health-Network-2025-HRTO-2125.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited case law that did not appear to exist; Tribunal noted the citations were not found and relied on that in dismissing the contention of conflicting jurisprudence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了似乎不存在的判例法；仲裁庭指出，并未发现引文，并据此驳回了判例相冲突的论点。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "WCAT Decision A2501051 (Hilary Thomson)", "url": "/documents/927/A2501051_Re_Canada_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Cited Policy D3-115-1 as recognizing late prohibited action complaints; tribunal found D3-115-1 is not a current Prevention Manual policy and does not support the asserted proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided a 2019-format citation that, when searched in WCAT's current A- format, corresponded to an unrelated appeal (the cited case did not support the worker's point). || Fabricated: Case Law | Included at least one case citation that appears not to exist and was likely fabricated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited WCAT decisions purportedly supporting late filings; first cited decision had nothing to do with late filings or the topic for which it was cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "WCAT 决定 A2501051（希拉里·汤姆森）", "description_zh": "过时的建议：废除的法律|引用政策 D3-115-1 承认迟来的禁止行为投诉；仲裁庭认定 D3-115-1 不是现行《预防手册》政策，因此不支持所主张的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|提供了 2019 年格式的引文，当以 WCAT 当前的 A- 格式进行搜索时，该引文对应于不相关的上诉（所引用的案例不支持工人的观点）。 ||捏造：判例法|包含至少一个似乎不存在且可能由人工智能捏造的案例引用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用据称支持迟交申请的 WCAT 裁决；首先引用的决定与迟交的申请或其引用的主题无关。", "court": "BC Workers' Compensation Appeal Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "/documents/1727/XH-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1097.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant submitted multiple non-existent case citations (examples provided in GD09); Tribunal identified them as fabricated and refused to rely on them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人提交了多个不存在的案例引证（GD09中提供的示例）；法庭认定它们是捏造的，并拒绝相信它们。", "court": "Social Security Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.", "url": "/documents/713/Maxwell_v._WestJet_Airlines_Ltd._Canada_15_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent case in his reply; tribunal inferred ChatGPT likely hallucinated it and gave it no weight. || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Applicant moved for reconsideration under CRTA s. 56, which had been repealed in 2015; tribunal noted it cannot be used. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Applicant claimed rebooking on WS 491 and denial of boarding; tribunal found WS 491 was not that route and he was instead booked on WS 3052, so no denial occurred.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人在答复中引用了一个不存在的案例；仲裁庭推断 ChatGPT 可能是产生了幻觉，因此没有给予它任何重视。 ||过时的建议：废除的法律|申请人根据 CRTA 要求重新考虑。 56号，已于2015年废除；仲裁庭指出它不能被使用。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |申请人声称重新预订 WS 491 并被拒绝登机；仲裁庭发现 WS 491 不是该航线，而是为他预订了 WS 3052，因此没有发生否认。", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Argument given no weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "Yashcheshen v. Saskatchewan Government Insurance", "url": "/documents/1854/Yashcheshen-v-Saskatchewan-Government-Insurance-2025-SKKB-127.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | SGI identified a purported quotation at para. 33 of the plaintiff's Brief of Law attributed to a Supreme Court of Canada decision that does not appear in that decision; the court noted it was probably AI-generated and the plaintiff denied use of ChatGPT.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Yashcheshen v. Saskatchewan Government Insurance", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| SGI 在第 1 段中指出了一段据称的引文。原告法律摘要中的第 33 条归因于加拿大最高法院的一项裁决，但该裁决并未出现；法院指出这可能是人工智能生成的，原告否认使用 ChatGPT。", "court": "KB Saskatchewan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-11", "title": "Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley", "url": "/documents/1726/Blinds-to-Go-Inc.-c.-Blachley-2025-QCCS-3190.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted Blachley referenced this decision but did not file it; the judge observed it appears not to exist and suspected AI 'hallucination'.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院指出，布莱克利引用了这一决定，但没有提交；法官观察到它似乎不存在，并怀疑人工智能的“幻觉”。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，布莱克利引用了这一决定，但没有提交；法官观察到它似乎不存在，并怀疑人工智能的“幻觉”。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，布莱克利引用了这一决定，但没有提交；法官观察到它似乎不存在，并怀疑人工智能的“幻觉”。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，布莱克利引用了这一决定，但没有提交；法官观察到它似乎不存在，并怀疑人工智能的“幻觉”。", "court": "Quebec SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "Musselman v. Vanderstelt", "url": "/documents/845/Musselman_v._Vanderstelt.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One of two purported CanLII cases cited by the appellant to support that security for costs is exceptional could not be located; registry queried the citation; judge concluded it likely does not exist and was an AI 'hallucination'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Second purported CanLII case cited by the appellant likewise could not be located; appellant said she had erred copying the location; judge concluded it likely does not exist and was an AI 'hallucination'.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Musselman v. Vanderstelt", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人援引的两起 CanLII 案件中的一起，证明费用担保是例外情况，但无法找到；登记处查询引文；法官得出的结论是，它可能不存在，是人工智能的“幻觉”。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的第二个所谓的 CanLII 案件同样无法找到；上诉人称她复制位置时犯了错误；法官得出的结论是，它可能不存在，是人工智能的“幻觉”。", "court": "CA British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Weighed in deciding to grant security for trial costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al.", "url": "/documents/651/Halton_Regional_Municipality_v._Rewa_et_al._Canada_1_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Rewa advanced a non-existent expansive disclosure test (“train of inquiry” relevance) attributed to the fabricated MacMillan Bloedel case; the court found the legal proposition itself to be non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Rewa mis-cited CIBC World Markets Inc. v. Genuity Capital Markets as 2011 ONCA 525; the court noted the real case is 2005 CanLII 3944 (ONSC) on injunctions and unrelated to his issues. || Fabricated: Case Law | Rewa mis-cited Deloitte & Touche v. Livent Inc. as 2017 ONCA 575; the court noted the real case is 2016 ONCA 395 on duty of care and unrelated to his motion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Rewa relied on Premform Ltd. v. Heights (R) Ltd., 2023 ONSC 955 for propositions it does not support; the court said it concerned admissibility of evidence not previously disclosed, not his issues.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|雷瓦提出了一项不存在的广泛披露测试（“调查系列”相关性），归因于捏造的麦克米伦·布洛德尔案件；法院认为该法律主张本身不存在。 ||捏造：判例法| Rewa 将 CIBC World Markets Inc. 诉 Genuity Capital Markets 案错误地引用为 2011 ONCA 525；法院指出，真正的案件是 2005 CanLII 3944 (ONSC) 关于禁令的案件，与他的问题无关。 ||捏造：判例法| Rewa 将 Deloitte & Touche 诉 Livent Inc. 错误引用为 2017 ONCA 575；法院指出，真正的案件是 2016 ONCA 395 的注意义务案件，与他的动议无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Rewa 依据 Premform Ltd. v. Heights (R) Ltd., 2023 ONSC 955 提出其不支持的主张；法院表示，这涉及先前未披露的证据的可采性，而不是他的问题。", "court": "Ontario SJC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion adjourned, opposing party's costs to be compensated", "monetary_penalty": "1 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "WCAT Decision A2402099", "url": "/documents/1725/A2402099-Re-2025-CanLII-82587-BC-WCAT-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Worker submitted AI-generated or fictitious case law in support of claims; WCAT noted prior sanctions for reliance on such fabricated citations and relied on this conduct as evidence of vexatious litigation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "WCAT 决定 A2402099", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|工人提交了人工智能生成的或虚构的判例法来支持索赔； WCAT 注意到先前因依赖此类捏造的引文而受到的制裁，并以此行为作为无理诉讼的证据。", "court": "BC WCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Hakemi v. ICBC", "url": "/documents/1724/Hakemi-v.-ICBC-2025-BCCRT-1035-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a CRT decision purportedly supporting his claim for interest; Tribunal found the CRT decision does not exist and treated it as a fabricated case, likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited 'Court Order Interest Act section 1' as entitling him to pre-judgment interest; Tribunal found the provision does not exist and treated it as a fabricated legislative citation, likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hakemi v. ICBC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了据称支持其利息主张的 CRT 决定；法庭发现 CRT 的判决并不存在，并将其视为捏造的案件，很可能是人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：法律规范|申请人援引“法院命令利息法第 1 条”作为其有权获得判决前利息的权利；法庭发现该条款不存在，并将其视为捏造的立法引文，很可能是人工智能生成的。", "court": "BC CRT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited", "url": "/documents/650/Pennytech_Inc_v_Superior_Building_Group_Limited_Canada_21_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited LTB decision could not be located on CanLII. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case; neutral citation actually belongs to an unrelated case (TD Bank v. Ottlantis Inc.). || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case; neutral citation/hyperlink points to R. v. T.T., 2009 ONCA 613, unrelated to the stated proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case and neutral citation not found on CanLII. || Fabricated: Case Law | Case and neutral citation not found on CanLII. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Relied on a non-existent procedural rule; the Board’s Rules contain only 27 rules. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Claimed the order determined the unit is governed by the Innkeepers Act; the order made no such finding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| CanLII 上找不到引用的 LTB 决定。 ||捏造：判例法|不存在的情况；中性引用实际上属于一个不相关的案件（道明银行诉奥特兰蒂斯公司）。 ||捏造：判例法|不存在的情况；中性引用/超链接指向 R. v. T.T., 2009 ONCA 613，与所述命题无关。 ||捏造：判例法| CanLII 上未找到案例和中立引文。 ||捏造：判例法| CanLII 上未找到案例和中立引文。 ||捏造：法律规范|依赖于不存在的程序规则；董事会规则仅包含 27 条规则。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |声称该命令确定该单位受《旅店老板法》管辖；该命令没有做出这样的发现。", "court": "Ontario Landlord and Tenant Board", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "title": "Moradi v. British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal)", "url": "/documents/740/Moradi_v._BC_Whole_Foods_Market_Canada_18_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Index of authorities contained close to thirty new authorities, 22 of which the Court found were generated by ChatGPT and were not real cases; petitioner admitted they were produced by ChatGPT and 'turned out to be incorrect.' Court relied on this in assessing costs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Example fabricated authority listed in the index; did not correspond to a real reported case and was generated by ChatGPT. || Fabricated: Case Law | Second example of a fabricated authority generated by ChatGPT that the Court found did not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Moradi v. British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|权威索引包含近 30 个新权威，法院发现其中 22 个是由 ChatGPT 生成的，并非真实案例；请愿者承认它们是由 ChatGPT 制作的，“结果证明是不正确的”。法院据此评估费用。 ||捏造：判例法|索引中列出的伪造权威示例；与真实报告的案例不符，由 ChatGPT 生成。 ||捏造：判例法|第二个由法院认定不存在的由 ChatGPT 生成的捏造权威的例子。", "court": "Supreme Court of British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Misconduct taken into account in allocating costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "title": "Blaser v. Campbell", "url": "/documents/590/Blaser_v._Campbell_Canada_15_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent Melanie Campbell cited a case allegedly holding speakers/entertainment systems are chattels; the tribunal could not locate it and found it likely an AI-generated hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent Melanie Campbell cited a second case allegedly holding speakers/entertainment systems are chattels; the tribunal could not locate it and found it likely an AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Blaser v. Campbell", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|受访者 Melanie Campbell 引用了一个涉嫌将扬声器/娱乐系统视为动产的案件；法庭无法找到它，并发现它很可能是人工智能产生的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|受访者梅兰妮·坎贝尔 (Melanie Campbell) 引用了第二起案件，据称该案件中持有的扬声器/娱乐系统是动产；法庭无法找到它，并发现它很可能是人工智能产生的幻觉。", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Lloyd’s Register Canada v. Munchang Choi", "url": "/documents/584/Lloyds_Register_Canada_Ltd._v._Munchang_Choi_Canada_10_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case; the Court found “Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777” does not exist and was apparently AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent misrepresented Fontaine by claiming it supports subpoena discretion; the Court noted the case concerns residential schools appeal motions, not subpoenas.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lloyd’s Register Canada v. Munchang Choi", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|受访者引用了一个不存在的案例；法院认为“Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777”并不存在，显然是人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告歪曲方丹，声称其支持传票自由裁量权；法院指出，此案涉及寄宿学校上诉动议，而不是传票。", "court": "Federal Court of Canada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion Record removed from Court file; costs awarded to Applicant", "monetary_penalty": "500 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "NCR v KKB", "url": "/documents/595/2025abkb417.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NCR v KKB", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法", "court": "Court of King’s Bench of Alberta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "The court disregarded the fabricated citations and did not impose costs on the self-represented litigant.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532", "url": "/documents/1723/Dhuruvasangary-v.-Toronto-Standard-Condominium-Corporation-No.-1532-2025-ONCAT-115.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30'; Tribunal found this case does not exist and did not consider arguments based on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'McKnight v. York Condominium Corporation No. 382, 2020 ONCAT 40'; Tribunal found this case does not exist and did not consider arguments based on it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Rahman v. PSCC 779, 2021 ONCAT 51' and relied on a suggested holding; Tribunal noted the cited number/citation was incorrect and that, even if the Applicant meant Rahman v. Peel Standard Condominium Corporation No. 779, 2021 ONCAT 13, its facts and holding do not support the Applicant's proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人依据“Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30”；仲裁庭认为此案不存在，因此没有考虑基于此的论点。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人依据“McKnight v. York Condominium Corporation No. 382,​​ 2020 ONCAT 40”；仲裁庭认为此案不存在，因此没有考虑基于此的论点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人引用了“Rahman v. PSCC 779, 2021 ONCAT 51”并依赖于建议的判决；仲裁庭指出，引用的编号/引文不正确，即使申请人指的是 Rahman v. Peel Standard Condominium Corporation No. 779, 2021 ONCAT 13，其事实和主张也不支持申请人的主张。", "court": "ONCAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-04", "title": "AQ v. BW", "url": "/documents/547/AQ_v._BW_Canada_4_July_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | Both parties relied on a hallucinated version of CRTA section 92.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AQ v. BW", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范|双方都依赖于 CRTA 第 92 条的幻觉版本。", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector", "url": "/documents/739/Lapointe_v._Chief_Animal_Welfare_Inspector_Canada_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citations to non-existent cases or cases that do not support the legal propositions relied upon; Board warned it will disregard such information if relied upon at hearing. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incomplete or misleading case citations generated with ChatGPT that misstate legal principles; Board emphasized parties must independently verify cases. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Document titled 'veterinary opinions supporting the case' containing opinions from veterinarians not on the Ontario register and likely fabricated; admissibility to be determined under expert evidence rules.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用不存在的案例或不支持所依据的法律主张的案例；委员会警告说，如果在听证会上依赖这些信息，它将忽略这些信息。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| ChatGPT 生成的不完整或误导性案例引用错误地陈述了法律原则；委员会强调各方必须独立核实案件。 ||制作：展览和提交|标题为“支持该案件的兽医意见”的文件，其中包含不在安大略省登记册上的兽医的意见，并且可能是捏造的；是否可采根据专家证据规则确定。", "court": "Ontario's Animal Care Review Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "AI-generated materials excluded from evidence", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning v. Department of Public Works", "url": "/documents/1722/Enviro-Plus-Duct-Cleaning-2025-CanLII-59520-CA-CITT.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Enviro cited a Tribunal decision titled 'MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041)' as precedent; the Tribunal found this decision does not appear to exist. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Enviro cited article 506(6) of the CFTA and characterized it as requiring that 'the criteria be applied in a transparent and objective manner'; the Tribunal found that article 506(6) instead lists elements that tender notices must include and does not read as Enviro claimed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning v. Department of Public Works", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Enviro 引用了法庭名为“MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041)”的裁决作为先例；仲裁庭认为这一决定似乎并不存在。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范| Enviro 引用了 CFTA 第 506(6) 条，并将其描述为要求“以透明和客观的方式应用标准”；仲裁庭认为，第 506(6) 条列出了招标通知必须包含的要素，但其内容并不像 Enviro 声称的那样。", "court": "Canadian ITT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "Hussein v. Canada", "url": "/documents/573/Hussein_v._Canada_Canada_24_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s counsel cited several non-existent cases in the written submissions (offending factum); the Court issued four directions before counsel admitted AI use caused the error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hussein v. Canada", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的律师在书面陈述中引用了几个不存在的案例（令人反感的事实）；在律师承认人工智能的使用导致错误之前，法院发出了四项指示。", "court": "Ottawa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Visto.Ai", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "100 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Monfared v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "/documents/1721/Monfared-v-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2025-CanLII-133075-CA-IRB-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | IAD found counsel's submissions contained fabricated case law and documents (AI-generated). The panel noted examples of fabricated or wildly misrepresented authorities in the submissions. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | The panel observed that documents and authorities in the submissions were wildly misrepresented—similar AI-related misrepresentations were noted in Ko v. Li (2025 ONSC 2766).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Monfared v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| IAD 发现律师提交的材料包含捏造的判例法和文件（人工智能生成）。专家组指出了提交材料中捏造或严重歪曲当局的例子。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |专家组观察到，提交材料中的文件和权威被严重歪曲——Ko v. Li (2025 ONSC 2766) 中也注意到了类似的与人工智能相关的歪曲。", "court": "IRB", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGTP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-19", "title": "J.R.V. v. N.L.V.", "url": "/documents/570/J.R.V._v._N.L.V._Canada_19_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written argument cited non-existent case law generated by AI; the Court labeled these 'hallucinations' and imposed $200 costs, noting some but not all accusations by the claimant were correct.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "J.R.V. v. N.L.V.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被申请人的书面论点引用了人工智能生成的不存在的判例法；法院将这些“幻觉”贴上“幻觉”的标签，并征收 200 美元的费用，并指出原告的部分指控（但并非全部）都是正确的。", "court": "SC British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs to the claimant in the amount of $200.", "monetary_penalty": "200 CAD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency", "url": "/documents/580/Attorney_General_v._32000_in_Canadian_Currency_Canada_16_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent Ontario Court of Appeal precedent; court could not locate it on CanLII, requested the case, and later deemed the original citation fictitious after a 'clarification' provided different citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent British Columbia Court of Appeal precedent; court could not locate it on CanLII, requested the case, and later deemed the original citation fictitious after a 'clarification' provided different citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长诉 32,000 美元加拿大货币", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告引用了安大略省上诉法院不存在的先例；法院无法在 CanLII 上找到它，要求立案，并在“澄清”提供不同的引文后认为原始引文是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了不列颠哥伦比亚省上诉法院不存在的先例；法院无法在 CanLII 上找到它，要求立案，并在“澄清”提供不同的引文后认为原始引文是虚构的。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "title": "Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, Peggy Pulliam, Jese Stovka", "url": "/documents/1720/Noura-Ahmed-v-Troy-Powell-2025-CanLII-62624-ON-LRB.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent decision; Board noted the cited case does not appear to exist and that the citation provided (McDonald v CAAT Academic Union, 2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB)) could not be found.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, Peggy Pulliam, Jese Stovka", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一项不存在的决定；委员会指出，所引用的案例似乎并不存在，并且无法找到所提供的引文（McDonald v CAAT 学术联盟，2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB)）。", "court": "Ontario LRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "title": "Zahariev v. Zaharieva", "url": "/documents/741/Zahariev_v._Zaharieva_Canada_9_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner cited Thomson v. Thomson for a specific proposition that the judge could not locate; court found the case did not contain the asserted proposition (misrepresented precedent). || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited \"Kovacs v. Kovacs, 2012 BCSC 1400\" but the neutral citation exists for different parties and is not a Convention case; court identified mismatch. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited \"D.A.M. v. M.A.K., 2009 ONCJ 405\"; court and clerk could not locate the case by those party names and the citation did not support the petitioner's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited \"C.A. v. G.T., 2012 NBQB 282\" but the neutral citation did not correspond to those named parties and was not a Convention authority as asserted.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zahariev v. Zaharieva", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|请愿人引用了“汤姆森诉汤姆森案”作为法官无法找到的具体主张；法院发现该案不包含所主张的主张（歪曲先例）。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“Kovacs v. Kovacs, 2012 BCSC 1400”，但中立的引用存在于不同的当事人中，并且不是公约案件；法院认定不匹配。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“D.A.M. v. M.A.K., 2009 ONCJ 405”；法院和书记员无法通过这些当事人的姓名找到案件，并且引文不支持请愿人的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“C.A. v. G.T., 2012 NBQB 282”，但中立的引用与那些指定的当事方并不相符，也不是所声称的公约当局。", "court": "Supreme Court of British Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-04", "title": "Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc.", "url": "/documents/1719/Lakhanpal-v.-Avis-Budget-Group-Inc.-2025-HRTO-1410.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO'; Tribunal found no such decision exists and gave it no weight. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Narasimhalu v. Ontario (2009) HRTO 1894'; Tribunal found no such decision exists and gave it no weight. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Ahmed v. Shelter Canadian Properties Limited (2003) HRTO'; Tribunal found no such decision exists and gave it no weight.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人依据“Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO”；仲裁庭发现不存在这样的决定，因此没有给予其重视。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人依据“Narasimhalu v. Ontario (2009) HRTO 1894”；仲裁庭发现不存在这样的决定，因此没有给予其重视。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人依据“Ahmed v. Shelter Canadian Properties Limited (2003) HRTO”；仲裁庭发现不存在这样的决定，因此没有给予其重视。", "court": "HRT Ontario", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-28", "title": "Ko v. Li", "url": "/documents/451/Ko_v._Li_Ontario_SC_Canada_May_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated precedent case cited in Ms. Lee’s factum (one of several); the judge could find no record of it and Ms. Lee later confirmed it was an AI-generated hallucination from ChatGPT; the factum was revised to remove fake citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent precedent case relied upon orally at the May 1, 2025 hearing (first of two); the court could not locate it and Ms. Lee admitted it was an AI hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent precedent case relied upon orally at the May 1, 2025 hearing (second of two); the court could not locate it and Ms. Lee admitted it was an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ko v. Li", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|李女士事实中引用的捏造先例（其中之一）；法官找不到任何记录，李女士后来证实这是人工智能从 ChatGPT 生成的幻觉；对事实进行了修改，删除了虚假引用。 ||捏造：判例法|在 2025 年 5 月 1 日的听证会上口头依赖的先例不存在（两起中的第一起）；法庭无法找到它，李女士承认这是人工智能的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|在 2025 年 5 月 1 日的听证会上口头依赖的先例不存在（两次中的第二次）；法庭无法找到它，李女士承认这是人工智能的幻觉。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Plaintiff’s application dismissed; no costs imposed; court warns against future use of generative AI without verification", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-26", "title": "Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233", "url": "/documents/1718/Shakori-v-Tern-2025-ONLTB-31233-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant provided multiple case citations and ratios that could not be located; post‑hearing submission admitted they were found using ChatGPT and the Board found them fictitious/unlocatable and not instructive.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|租户提供了多个无法找到的案例引用和比率；听证会后提交的材料承认，他们被发现使用 ChatGPT，委员会发现它们是虚构的/无法定位的，没有指导意义。", "court": "LTB (Ontario)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "title": "Lozano González v. Roberge", "url": "/documents/596/Lozano_Gonz%C3%A1lez_c._Roberge_Canada_1_May_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | False translation of Articles 1960 and 1962 from the Code civil du Québec.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lozano González v. Roberge", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范|魁北克民法典 1960 和 1962 条的错误翻译。", "court": "Housing Administrative Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-25", "title": "Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc.", "url": "/documents/457/Simpson_v._Hung_Long_Enterprises_Inc._Canada_25_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a 2018 CRT case 'Smith v. Doe' that the tribunal states does not exist; used to argue CRT had fined participants under s.92. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Argued the CRT can impose fines under CRTA s.92; tribunal held the CRT has never, and cannot, impose such penalties. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referred to a non-existent Supreme Court of Canada case (1 of 3); tribunal found three such SCC citations do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referred to a non-existent Supreme Court of Canada case (2 of 3); tribunal found three such SCC citations do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referred to a non-existent Supreme Court of Canada case (3 of 3); tribunal found three such SCC citations do not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用了 2018 年 CRT 案件“Smith v. Doe”，仲裁庭声称不存在；曾经辩称 CRT 根据第 92 条对参与者处以罚款。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|主张 CRT 可以根据 CRTA s.92 处以罚款；仲裁庭认为，CRT 从未也不可能实施此类处罚。 ||捏造：判例法|提交给加拿大最高法院一个不存在的案件（3 中的 1）；仲裁庭发现三份此类 SCC 传票并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|提交给加拿大最高法院一个不存在的案件（3 中的 2）；仲裁庭发现三份此类 SCC 传票并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|提交给加拿大最高法院一个不存在的案件（3 中的 3）；仲裁庭发现三份此类 SCC 传票并不存在。", "court": "B.C. Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Other side compensated for time spent through costs order (500 CAD)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak", "url": "/documents/534/SQBox_Solutions_Ltd._v._Oak_31_March_2025_Canada.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Another cited case in the submissions did not stand for the stated proposition. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Section 4 of the Employment Standards Act was incorrectly quoted to argue the Laptop Agreement was unenforceable; the tribunal rejected the argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | One cited case did not exist; the tribunal found a fabricated authority among the five cases relied upon. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A case cited to argue the Laptop Agreement was unenforceable because it negated ESA rights did not stand for that proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A second case cited for the same proposition (that the Laptop Agreement negated ESA rights) did not support that argument. || Misrepresented: Case Law | An additional cited case in Mr. Oak’s submissions was found not to support the proposition described. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | An unspecified section of the Employment Standards Act was incorrectly quoted in the submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|意见书中引用的另一个案例并不代表所陈述的主张。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|错误地引用了《就业标准法》第 4 条来论证笔记本电脑协议不可执行；仲裁庭驳回了这一论点。 ||捏造：判例法|引用的一个案例并不存在；法庭在所依据的五个案件中发现了捏造的权威。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|一个被引用的案例认为《笔记本电脑协议》因为否定了欧空局的权利而无法执行，但这个案例并不支持这一主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|同一命题引用的第二个案例（笔记本电脑协议否定了欧空局的权利）并不支持这一论点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|奥克先生提交的材料中另外引用的一个案例被发现不支持所描述的主张。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|提交的材料中错误地引用了《就业标准法》中未具体说明的部分。", "court": "BC Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Litigant lost on merits", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Re Nicholson", "url": "/documents/1717/Re-Nicholson-2025-ONSC-1069-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Kenwood Hills Inc., 2015 ONSC 4481' in his submissions; court could not locate any such decision and treated it as a fictitious authority possibly generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt relied on 'Portus Alternative Asset Management Inc., 2007 ONSC 5089'; court could not find this citation on CanLII and flagged it as apparently non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Bankrupt cited 'Patterson v. Kingsway Financial Services Inc., 2006 ONCA 384' but the court could not locate that citation and treated it as non-existent in the form presented. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Bankrupt cited a 2019 ONSC decision as 'Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Canmarc Holdings Inc., 2019 ONSC 3451'; the court found the 2019 ONSC 3451 citation corresponds to a different case (Montour v. Ontario) and noted the Bankrupt had mis-cited / misrepresented the precedent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Re Nicholson", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|破产者在提交的材料中引用了“Kenwood Hills Inc., 2015 ONSC 4481”；法院无法找到任何此类决定，并将其视为可能由人工智能生成的虚构权威。 ||捏造：判例法|破产依赖于“Portus Alternative Asset Management Inc., 2007 ONSC 5089”；法院无法在 CanLII 上找到此引文，并将其标记为显然不存在。 ||捏造：判例法| Bankrupt 引用了“Patterson v. Kingsway Financial Services Inc., 2006 ONCA 384”，但法院无法找到该引文，并将其视为在所提交的表格中不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|破产者引用了 2019 年 ONSC 的一项裁决，称为“Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Canmarc Holdings Inc., 2019 ONSC 3451”；法院发现 2019 年 ONSC 3451 传票对应于另一个案件（Montour 诉安大略省），并指出破产人错误引用/歪曲了先例。", "court": "Ontario SCJ", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-14", "title": "Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970", "url": "/documents/471/Geismayr_v_The_Owners_Strata_Plan_KAS_1970_CRT_Canada_14_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a nonexistent case (one of nine AI-sourced items without legal citations); tribunal found it does not exist and is likely a Copilot hallucination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicants misrepresented Jordison (2013) as supporting that strata cannot force removal of unauthorized alterations; tribunal noted the three 2013 Jordison decisions exist but none concern unauthorized alterations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人引用了一个不存在的案例（九个没有法律引用的人工智能来源项目之一）；法庭发现它不存在，很可能是副驾驶的幻觉。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人歪曲 Jordison (2013)，认为其支持分层不能强制拆除未经授权的变更；仲裁庭注意到 2013 年 Jordison 的三项裁决确实存在，但没有一项涉及未经授权的变更。", "court": "Civil Resolution Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "Citations ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "Duarte v. City of Richmond", "url": "/documents/571/Duarte_v._City_of_Richmond_Canada_18_December_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'R v. C.P. Rail (1994)' as authority that union affiliation is protected; the City and Tribunal could not locate the case and the Tribunal declined to rely on it, noting the 'R' criminal style and federal jurisdiction made it unlikely.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Duarte v. City of Richmond", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“R v. C.P.” Rail (1994)' 作为工会隶属关系受到保护的权威机构；市政府和法庭无法找到此案，法庭拒绝依赖该案件，并指出“R”犯罪风格和联邦管辖权使其不可能找到此案。", "court": "British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "Monster Energy Company v. Pacific Smoke International Inc.", "url": "/documents/568/Monster_Energy_Company_v_Pacific_Smoke_International_Inc._Canada_20_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a non-existent case for the non-distinctiveness ground; the Board identified it as an AI hallucination, disregarded the submission, and warned about false citations (citing Zhang v Chen).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Monster Energy Company v. Pacific Smoke International Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人以不存在的案件作为非显着性理由；委员会将其识别为人工智能幻觉，忽略了提交的内容，并对虚假引用发出警告（引用Zhang诉Chen）。", "court": "Canadian Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "The fabricated citation was disregarded by the court.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-11-07", "title": "CARB 188903M-2024 (Calgary Assessment Review Board)", "url": "/documents/1716/CARB-188903M-2024-Re-2024-ABCGYARB-2188903-compressed.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent identified a legal citation in the Complainant's rebuttal (pp. 44-46) that could not be found in standard research sources; the Board gave no weight to the citation and ignored it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent challenged a second legal citation in the Complainant's rebuttal as unauthoritative and not locatable; Complainant could not confirm authenticity and the Board excluded it from consideration. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent challenged a third legal citation in the Complainant's rebuttal as likely generated by an AI tool and not found in standard sources; the Board refused to rely on it and referred the issue to the General Chair.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CARB 188903M-2024（卡尔加里评估审查委员会）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被投诉人在投诉人的反驳（第 44-46 页）中发现了在标准研究来源中找不到的法律引文；委员会没有重视该传票并忽略了它。 ||捏造：判例法|被投诉人对投诉人反驳中的第二次法律引用提出质疑，称其不具有权威性且无法定位；投诉人无法确认其真实性，委员会将其排除在考虑范围之外。 ||捏造：判例法|被投诉人对投诉人反驳中的第三条法律引文提出质疑，认为该引文可能是由人工智能工具生成的，并且在标准来源中找不到；董事会拒绝依赖它，并将问题提交给总主席。", "court": "Calgary ARB", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "Rajabi c. Lassalle", "url": "/documents/1715/Rajabi-c.-Lassalle-2024-QCTAL-35477.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited 'Roussel(le) c. Bergeron, 2011 QCRDL 2005 CanLII'; Tribunal noted the reference was introuvable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Tenant cited 'Bureau c. Maison, 2005 QCRLD 12345 CanLII'; Tribunal noted the reference was introuvable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rajabi c. Lassalle", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|租客引用了“罗塞尔（le）c”。伯杰龙，2011 QCRDL 2005 CanLII'；仲裁庭指出，该提法令人反感。 ||捏造：判例法|租户引用“局c”。梅森，2005 QCRLD 12345 CanLII'；仲裁庭指出，该提法令人反感。", "court": "TAL Montréal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-08-12", "title": "Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. v. Sara Ghassai", "url": "/documents/572/Industria_de_Dise%C3%B1o_Textil_S.A._v_Sara_Ghassai_Canada_12_August_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated or misrepresented citations", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. v. Sara Ghassai", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|伪造或歪曲引用", "court": "Canadian Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-07-23", "title": "Munchang Choi v. Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited", "url": "/documents/1713/Choi-v-Lloyds-Register-Canada-Limited-2024-CIRB-1146.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Doe v. ABC Corporation (2018)' as a Board precedent; Board found the decision to be fabricated and non-existent and relied on respondent's identification of the fabrication. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Smith v. XYZ Ltd. (2019)' as supporting authority; Board determined this cited decision does not exist and was generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited 'Jones v. DEF Services (2020)' as a precedent for Board jurisdiction; Board found this citation to be fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Numerous additional citations (over 30 legal authorities in the reply) were generated by AI and found by the Board to be fabricated or misrepresented, undermining the submissions' reliability.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Munchang Choi v. Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|投诉人援引“Doe 诉 ABC Corporation (2018)”作为董事会先例；委员会认为该决定是捏造的且不存在，并依赖于被告对捏造行为的确认。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人援引“Smith v. XYZ Ltd. (2019)”作为支持依据；董事会确定所引用的这一决定不存在，并且是由人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人援引“Jones v. DEF Services (2020)”作为委员会管辖权的先例；委员会发现该引文是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法| AI 生成了许多额外的引文（答复中超过 30 个法律权威），但委员会发现这些引文是捏造或歪曲的，从而损害了提交材料的可靠性。", "court": "IRB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Zhang v. Chen", "url": "/documents/772/Zhang_v._Chen.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Two case citations in the notice of application were invented by ChatGPT and could not be located; court accepted they were fabricated and Counsel admitted using ChatGPT. || Fabricated: Case Law | Second invented citation in the notice of application was generated by ChatGPT and non-existent; disclosed by opposing counsel's research and admitted by Counsel", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zhang v. Chen", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请通知中的两个案例引用是ChatGPT发明的，无法找到；法院承认这些信息是捏造的，律师也承认使用了 ChatGPT。 ||捏造：判例法|申请通知中的第二次发明引用是由 ChatGPT 生成的，并且不存在；由对方律师的研究披露并由律师承认", "court": "BC Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Claimant awarded costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 2022", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA) - Canada", "url": "https://www.anecdotes.ai/learn/ai-regulations-in-2025-us-eu-uk-japan-china-and-more", "description": "Canadian law covering high-impact AI systems with requirements for risk assessments, transparency, human oversight, and robustness. Part of Bill C-27.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能和数据法案 (AIDA) - 加拿大", "description_zh": "加拿大法律涵盖高影响力的人工智能系统，并要求风险评估、透明度、人工监督和稳健性。法案 C-27 的一部分。" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "G7 Industry, Digital, and Technology Ministers issued a declaration addressing secure and responsible AI development, quantum technologies and supply chain security", "url": "https://g7.canada.ca/en/news-and-media/news/g7-2025-industry-digital-and-technology-ministerial-declaration/", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the G7 Industry, Digital, and Technology Ministers issued a Ministerial Declaration outlining their intention to support economic competitiveness and prosperity by advancing initiatives related to artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technologies, the digital economy, and supply chain security. In relation to AI for growth, the Ministers set out plans to promote a human-centric approach, develop conditions for the broader adoption of secure and responsible AI, and address ta", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长发表声明，解决安全和负责任的人工智能开发、量子技术和供应链安全问题", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长发表了一份部长宣言，概述了他们打算通过推进人工智能 (AI)、量子技术、数字经济和供应链安全相关举措来支持经济竞争力和繁荣。在人工智能促进增长方面，部长们制定了计划，以促进以人为本的方法，为更广泛采用安全和负责任的人工智能创造条件，并解决问题" }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development issued report on algorithmic pricing and competition in G7 jurisdictions", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/algorithmic-pricing-and-competition-in-g7-jurisdictions_f36dacf8-en.html", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published a report on algorithmic pricing and competition in Group of Seven (G7) jurisdictions. The report examines how competition authorities across G7 jurisdictions, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have responded to competitive risks from algorithmic pricing mechanisms used by firms in travel, entertainment, retail, and platform-based services. The ", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经济合作与发展组织发布七国集团管辖区算法定价和竞争报告", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 3 日，经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 发布了一份关于七国集团 (G7) 管辖区的算法定价和竞争的报告。该报告研究了加拿大、法国、德国、意大利、日本、英国和美国等七国集团管辖区的竞争主管机构如何应对旅游、娱乐、零售和平台服务公司使用的算法定价机制带来的竞争风险。这" }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "G7 governments adopted declaration on AI for prosperity", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_1552", "description": "On 17 June 2025, the Leaders of the Group of Seven (G7) adopted a statement on artificial intelligence (AI) for prosperity. The statement recognises the potential of a human-centric approach to AI for economic growth, societal benefit, and addressing global challenges. It aims to drive innovation and adoption of secure, responsible, and trustworthy AI, while working with emerging market and developing country partners to close digital divides, aligning with the United Nations Global Digital Comp", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团政府通过人工智能促进繁荣宣言", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 17 日，七国集团 (G7) 领导人通过了人工智能 (AI) 促进繁荣的声明。该声明认识到以人为本的人工智能方法对于经济增长、社会效益和应对全球挑战的潜力。它旨在推动创新和采用安全、负责任和值得信赖的人工智能，同时与新兴市场和发展中国家合作伙伴合作，缩小数字鸿沟，与联合国全球数字委员会保持一致" }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "Court of King’s Bench of Alberta issued ruling on Clearview AI’s challenge to Privacy Commissioner’s order to delete facial recognition data (Clearview AI Inc v Alberta Information and Privacy Commissioner) (No. ABKB 287)", "url": "https://www.canlii.org/en/ab/abkb/doc/2025/2025abkb287/2025abkb287.pdf", "description": "On 8 May 2025, the Court of King’s Bench of Alberta ruled in the case Clearview AI's lawsuit challenging the Privacy Commissioner’s order to delete facial recognition data. The lawsuit concerned the application of Alberta's Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) to Clearview Artificial Intelligence's (AI's) facial recognition database and practices. The court determined that Clearview AI is subject to PIPA and that images scraped from social media are not considered 'publicly available' unde", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Court of King’s Bench of Alberta issued ruling on Clearview AI’s challenge to Privacy Commissioner’s order to delete facial recognition data (Clearview AI Inc v Alberta Information and Privacy Commissioner) (No. ABKB 287)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 8 日，阿尔伯塔省国王法庭对 Clearview AI 质疑隐私专员删除面部识别数据命令的诉讼作出裁决。该诉讼涉及艾伯塔省个人信息保护法 (PIPA) 对 Clearview 人工智能 (AI) 面部识别数据库和实践的适用。法院裁定 Clearview AI 受 PIPA 约束，并且从社交媒体上抓取的图像不被视为“公开可用”" }, { "title": "Galang v. Canada (Attorney General)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1900/Galang-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-BCSC-564.pdf", "date": "31 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Iyer v Nazir", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1824/Iyer_v._Nazir_Canada_23_March_2026.pdf", "date": "23 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1823/National_Indigenous_Fisheries_Institute_v._Canada__Canada_20_March_2026.pdf", "date": "20 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re Reza Khoshnik", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1871/2026onsc1581.pdf", "date": "16 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Law Society of Alberta v. Tiwana", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1902/Law-Society-of-Alberta-v-Tiwana-2026-ABLS-7.pdf", "date": "12 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Krivaia v. Hungerford", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1707/Krivaia-v-Hungerford-2026-BCSC-408.pdf", "date": "11 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1642/2026onsc1438.pdf", "date": "10 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1712/Siemens-v.-The-Owners-Strata-Plan-EPS3699-2026-BCCRT-401.pdf", "date": "10 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Thabize c. Immobilière montérégienne IMR inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1778/Thabize-c.-Immobiliere-monteregienne-IMR-inc.-2026-QCTAL-7284.pdf", "date": "6 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Erin Gray v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1711/Gray-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-306.pdf", "date": "5 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Makongo c. Montpetit", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1710/Makongo-v.-Montpetit-2026-QCCQ-746-compressed.pdf", "date": "3 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1708/Asey-v.-The-Association-of-Justice-Counsel-2026-HRTO-367.pdf", "date": "3 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re Gary Man Kin Ng", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1693/Re_Gary_Ng_Canada_2_March_2026.pdf", "date": "2 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Maruta v. Mahon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1709/Maruta-v.-Mahon-2026-HRTO-356.pdf", "date": "2 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1630/White_v._The_Ownerrs_Canada_27_February_2026.pdf", "date": "27 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "N… R… c. M… S…", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1776/Droit-de-la-famille--26184-2026-QCCS-666.pdf", "date": "18 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1706/14095863-Canada-Inc.-v-Abercrombie-Fitch-Trading-Co.-2026-TMOB-28-compressed.pdf", "date": "17 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "HDO v MDF", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1540/HDO_v._MDF_Canada_17_February_2026.pdf", "date": "17 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Deblois v. Procureur Général", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1783/Deblois-c.-Canada-Procureur-general-2026-CF-218.pdf", "date": "16 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Alamleh c. R.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1537/Alamleh_v._King_Canada_11_February_303.pdf", "date": "11 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Garrick v Halton Police Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1705/Garrick-v-Halton-Police-Board-2026-ONSC-802.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Abdul Rahim Seidu v Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1638/2026fc185.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Applicant v. BC College of Physicians and Surgeons", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1703/A_JQ68PYr.-College-of-Physicians-and-Surgeons-of-British-Columbia-No.-2-2026-BCHPRB-25.pdf", "date": "5 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1639/2026onsc698.pdf", "date": "4 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rasko v. ICBC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1631/Rasko_v._Insurance_Co_BC_Canada_30_January_2026.pdf", "date": "30 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Howse v. Coulton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1632/Howse_v._Coulton_Canada_29_January_2026.pdf", "date": "29 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1439/Davidson_v._PCL_Constructors_Canada_27_January_2026.pdf", "date": "27 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gu v Fogler Rubinoff", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1702/Gu-v-Fogler-Rubinoff-2026-ONSC-466-compressed.pdf", "date": "23 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zou v. Miracon Development Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1700/Zou-v-Miracon-Development-Inc.-2026-BCSC-85-compressed.pdf", "date": "20 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1701/Pellegrino-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-5.pdf", "date": "20 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Waddell (Re)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1754/Waddell-Re-2026-ONSC-387-compressed.pdf", "date": "20 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Amit Arora v. Canadian National Railway", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1753/Arora-v.-Canadian-National-Railway-2026-FC-82.pdf", "date": "19 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1752/Vasina-v.-York-Condominium-Corporation-No.-486-2026-ONCAT-3.pdf", "date": "12 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Alexandra Philomena Brigid Roy v Attorney General of Canada", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1751/Roy-v.-Canada-Attorney-General-2026-FC-28-compressed.pdf", "date": "9 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1750/Riley-Pollard-v-UNIFOR-Local-324-2026-CanLII-1037-compressed.pdf", "date": "6 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bahrani v Peters", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1749/Bahrani-v-Peters-2026-SKCA-2-compressed.pdf", "date": "5 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1242/Greenwood_v._Strata_Plan_Canada_5_January_2026.pdf", "date": "5 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Dudak (Re)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1748/Dudak-Re-2026-ABSRA-54.pdf", "date": "2 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1270/Mazaheri_v_Law_Society_of_Ontario_Canada_30_December_2025.pdf", "date": "30 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chaudhary v. Genest", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1281/Chaudhary_v._Genest_Canada_29_December_2025.pdf", "date": "29 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1747/JF-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1390.pdf", "date": "24 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Obermann v. ICBC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1202/Obermann_v._ICBC_Canada.pdf", "date": "19 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1282/In_re_Grey_Matter_Canada.pdf", "date": "19 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vicki Boomer v. Hospital Employees' Union and Interior Health Authority", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1746/Vicki-Boomer-2025-BCLRB-250.pdf", "date": "16 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1777/St-Roch-c.-Andritz-Hydro-Canada-inc.-2025-QCTAT-5136.pdf", "date": "15 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d'Hydro-Québec", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1758/Begin-Letourneau-c.-Syndicat-des-specialistes-et-professionnels.pdf", "date": "15 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Huseyin Turgut v The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1637/2025fc1951.pdf", "date": "10 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Barrette v Wevers", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1437/Barrette_v._Wevers_Canada_8_December_2025.pdf", "date": "8 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1757/Balogun-v.-Wentworth-Standard-Condominium.pdf", "date": "5 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "J.V.E.C. v S.M.D.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1745/J.V.E.C.-v-S.M.D.-2025-SKKB-203-compressed.pdf", "date": "4 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1127/Heneghan_v._The_Owners_Strata_Plan_187_Canada_2_December_2025.pdf", "date": "2 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1741/Internet-Sciences-Inc-v-CNSX-Markets-Inc-2025-ONCMT-17-compressed.pdf", "date": "1 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wang, Fengxi (Re)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1744/Wang-Fengxi-Re-2025-ONSC-6707.pdf", "date": "1 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1126/Obermann_v._Spring_Financial_Inc._Canada_28_November_2025.pdf", "date": "28 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chan v. British Columbia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1742/Chan-v.-British-Columbia-Workers-Compensation-Appeal-Tribunal-2025-BCCA-452-compressed.pdf", "date": "28 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1743/PL-v-Minister-of-Employment-and-Social-Development-2025-SST-1237.pdf", "date": "28 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lessard c. Longuépée", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1286/Lessard_v._Longu%C3%A9p%C3%A9e_Canada_26_November_2025.pdf", "date": "26 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1082/Walker_v._Collinwood_Canada_21_November_2025.pdf", "date": "21 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs c. Centre L’Autre Maison inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1108/Syndicat_v._Lautre_maison_Canada_21_Novembre_2025.pdf", "date": "21 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "R v Wallace", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1739/R-v-Wallace-2025-NBKB-268.pdf", "date": "20 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1740/RR-v.-Fraser-Health-Authority-and-others-No.3-2025-BCHRT-287-compressed.pdf", "date": "20 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Yuehong v. The Minister of Citizenship & Immigration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1076/Yuehong_v._Minister_of_Citizenship__Immigration_Canada_19_November_2025.pdf", "date": "19 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "DJ v SN", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1107/DJ_v._SN_Canada_19_Novembre_2025.pdf", "date": "19 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wang v. Mongeon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1738/Wang-v.-Mongeon-2025-HRTO-2859.pdf", "date": "19 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Small Moves Canada Inc. v. Garner", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1125/Small_Moves_Canada_Inc._v._Garner_Canada_18_November_2025.pdf", "date": "18 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Azar c. Université de Montréal", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1855/Azar-c.-Universite-de-Montreal-2025-QCCA-1442.pdf", "date": "13 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "B… S… v. Ministre responsable de la Solidarité sociale et de l'Action communautaire", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1904/BS-v.-Minister-responsible-for-Social-Solidarity.pdf", "date": "12 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Choi v. Slopinski", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1736/Choi-v.-Slopinski-2025-BCSC-2226.pdf", "date": "10 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1086/BC_Taco_Restaurant_Group_Canada_6_November_2025.pdf", "date": "6 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "S… F… c. I… O…", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1734/Droit-de-la-famille-251792-2025-QCCS-4505-compressed.pdf", "date": "31 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1085/O.K._v._Southern_Ontario_Secondary_Schools_Association_Canada_30_October_2025.pdf", "date": "30 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bourse de l'Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1077/Bourse_de_limmobilier_v._Christel_Lantier_Canada_29_October_2025.pdf", "date": "29 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1733/The-Vancor-Group-Inc.-v.-2744364-Ontario-Limited-et-al-2025-ONSC-5925.pdf", "date": "28 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wu v. Murray", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/902/2025bcca365.pdf", "date": "21 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "X.L. v. Z.L. et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/890/2025onsc5880.pdf", "date": "16 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "T.B. v K.M.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/975/2025skkb176.pdf", "date": "15 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gilles Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1782/Dulac-c.-Ville-de-Gatineau-2025-CanLII-113234-QC-TAQ.pdf", "date": "11 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Visca v. Halton District School Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1731/Visca-v.-Halton-District-School-Board-2025-HRTO-2547.pdf", "date": "9 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ren v. Area 09", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/870/Ren_v_Area_Canada.pdf", "date": "7 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1130/Deslile_Canada_3_October_2025.pdf", "date": "3 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Backhaus v. Area 01", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/928/Backhaus_v_Area_01_Canada_2_October_2025.pdf", "date": "2 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hogan v. Treasury Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1756/Hogan-v.-Treasury-Board-Department-of-Employment.pdf", "date": "1 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Specter Aviation Limited v. Laprade", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/848/2025qccs3521.pdf", "date": "1 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Reddy v Saroya", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/844/Reddy_v._Saroya_Canada.pdf", "date": "26 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Salem v. Deputy Head", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1730/Salem-v.-Deputy-Head-Department-of-Health-2025-FPSLREB-122.pdf", "date": "24 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Messa v. Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1898/Messa-v.-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2025-FC-1557_1.pdf", "date": "23 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/814/2025onca669.pdf", "date": "23 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/889/R%C3%A9gie_du_Batiment_du_Qu%C3%A9bec_v._Al..pdf", "date": "11 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re X Corp.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/768/re_X_Corp_Canada_4_September_2025.pdf", "date": "4 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lockwood v. ICBC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/747/AB-2023-008720_Decision.pdf", "date": "3 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/974/2025canlii96840_NRiY2XS.pdf", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/743/Myers_v._Tarion_Warranty_Corp_Canada.pdf", "date": "28 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1729/Babbar-v.-Tarion-Warranty-Corporation-2025-CanLII-111710.pdf", "date": "25 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1728/MacEachern-Flatt-v.-University-Health-Network-2025-HRTO-2125.pdf", "date": "25 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "WCAT Decision A2501051 (Hilary Thomson)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/927/A2501051_Re_Canada_18_August_2025.pdf", "date": "18 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1727/XH-v-Canada-Employment-Insurance-Commission-2025-SST-1097.pdf", "date": "18 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/713/Maxwell_v._WestJet_Airlines_Ltd._Canada_15_August_2025.pdf", "date": "15 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Yashcheshen v. Saskatchewan Government Insurance", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1854/Yashcheshen-v-Saskatchewan-Government-Insurance-2025-SKKB-127.pdf", "date": "15 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1726/Blinds-to-Go-Inc.-c.-Blachley-2025-QCCS-3190.pdf", "date": "11 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Musselman v. Vanderstelt", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/845/Musselman_v._Vanderstelt.pdf", "date": "8 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/651/Halton_Regional_Municipality_v._Rewa_et_al._Canada_1_August_2025.pdf", "date": "1 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "WCAT Decision A2402099", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1725/A2402099-Re-2025-CanLII-82587-BC-WCAT-compressed.pdf", "date": "30 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hakemi v. ICBC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1724/Hakemi-v.-ICBC-2025-BCCRT-1035-compressed.pdf", "date": "24 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/650/Pennytech_Inc_v_Superior_Building_Group_Limited_Canada_21_July_2025.pdf", "date": "21 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Moradi v. British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/740/Moradi_v._BC_Whole_Foods_Market_Canada_18_July_2025.pdf", "date": "18 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Blaser v. Campbell", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/590/Blaser_v._Campbell_Canada_15_July_2025.pdf", "date": "15 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lloyd’s Register Canada v. Munchang Choi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/584/Lloyds_Register_Canada_Ltd._v._Munchang_Choi_Canada_10_July_2025.pdf", "date": "10 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "NCR v KKB", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/595/2025abkb417.pdf", "date": "9 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1723/Dhuruvasangary-v.-Toronto-Standard-Condominium-Corporation-No.-1532-2025-ONCAT-115.pdf", "date": "9 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "AQ v. BW", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/547/AQ_v._BW_Canada_4_July_2025.pdf", "date": "4 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/739/Lapointe_v._Chief_Animal_Welfare_Inspector_Canada_30_June_2025.pdf", "date": "30 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning v. Department of Public Works", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1722/Enviro-Plus-Duct-Cleaning-2025-CanLII-59520-CA-CITT.pdf", "date": "26 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hussein v. Canada", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/573/Hussein_v._Canada_Canada_24_June_2025.pdf", "date": "24 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Monfared v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1721/Monfared-v-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2025-CanLII-133075-CA-IRB-compressed.pdf", "date": "20 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "J.R.V. v. N.L.V.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/570/J.R.V._v._N.L.V._Canada_19_June_2025.pdf", "date": "19 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/580/Attorney_General_v._32000_in_Canadian_Currency_Canada_16_June_2025.pdf", "date": "16 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, Peggy Pulliam, Jese Stovka", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1720/Noura-Ahmed-v-Troy-Powell-2025-CanLII-62624-ON-LRB.pdf", "date": "9 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zahariev v. Zaharieva", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/741/Zahariev_v._Zaharieva_Canada_9_June_2025.pdf", "date": "9 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1719/Lakhanpal-v.-Avis-Budget-Group-Inc.-2025-HRTO-1410.pdf", "date": "4 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ko v. Li", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/451/Ko_v._Li_Ontario_SC_Canada_May_28_2025.pdf", "date": "28 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1718/Shakori-v-Tern-2025-ONLTB-31233-compressed.pdf", "date": "26 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lozano González v. Roberge", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/596/Lozano_Gonz%C3%A1lez_c._Roberge_Canada_1_May_2025.pdf", "date": "1 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/457/Simpson_v._Hung_Long_Enterprises_Inc._Canada_25_April_2025.pdf", "date": "25 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/534/SQBox_Solutions_Ltd._v._Oak_31_March_2025_Canada.pdf", "date": "31 March 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re Nicholson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1717/Re-Nicholson-2025-ONSC-1069-compressed.pdf", "date": "18 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/471/Geismayr_v_The_Owners_Strata_Plan_KAS_1970_CRT_Canada_14_February_2025.pdf", "date": "14 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Duarte v. City of Richmond", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/571/Duarte_v._City_of_Richmond_Canada_18_December_2024.pdf", "date": "18 December 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Monster Energy Company v. Pacific Smoke International Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/568/Monster_Energy_Company_v_Pacific_Smoke_International_Inc._Canada_20_November_2024.pdf", "date": "20 November 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "CARB 188903M-2024 (Calgary Assessment Review Board)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1716/CARB-188903M-2024-Re-2024-ABCGYARB-2188903-compressed.pdf", "date": "7 November 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rajabi c. Lassalle", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1715/Rajabi-c.-Lassalle-2024-QCTAL-35477.pdf", "date": "1 November 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. v. Sara Ghassai", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/572/Industria_de_Dise%C3%B1o_Textil_S.A._v_Sara_Ghassai_Canada_12_August_2024.pdf", "date": "12 August 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Munchang Choi v. Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1713/Choi-v-Lloyds-Register-Canada-Limited-2024-CIRB-1146.pdf", "date": "23 July 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zhang v. Chen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/772/Zhang_v._Chen.pdf", "date": "20 February 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 674, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "124" }, { "id": "G7", "title": "Group of Seven (G7)", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-10-30", "title": "G7 Hiroshima AI Process — Code of Conduct for Advanced AI Systems", "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/ecm/ec/hai/page1e_000021.html", "description": "G7 code of conduct for organizations developing advanced AI systems", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 April 2026", "title": "G7 Digital Ministers issue joint statement on AI safety and interoperability of governance frameworks", "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp", "description": "G7 Digital and Tech Ministers issued a joint statement committing to promote interoperability of AI governance frameworks across member states, establish shared safety testing protocols for frontier AI models, and coordinate approaches to AI-generated content authentication.", "categories": [ "International Cooperation", "Standards", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团数字部长发布关于人工智能安全和治理框架互操作性的联合声明", "description_zh": "七国集团数字和技术部长发表联合声明，承诺促进成员国之间人工智能治理框架的互操作性，为前沿人工智能模型建立共享安全测试协议，并协调人工智能生成内容的认证方法。" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "G7 Industry, Digital and Technology Ministers' Meeting 2025", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-advances-international-cooperation-on-industry-ai-and-digital-technology-at-the-g7-industry-digital-and-technology-ministers-meeting.html", "description": "Today’s global challenges—including international peace and security, global economic stability and growth, and the digital transition—require Canadians and allies to work together to find shared solutions.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长会议", "description_zh": "由加拿大担任七国集团主席国，2025 年在蒙特利尔举行的七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长会议汇聚了部长们，以推进人工智能、量子技术、数字政策和工业弹性方面的合作，并制定了一系列重要的政治和技术成果，构建了七国集团未来一段时期的数字产业议程。核心政治成果是《G7 2025工业、数字和技术部长宣言》，其中提出了利用人工智能实现包容性经济增长、开发量子技术、加强有弹性和有竞争力的数字经济以及加强安全和有弹性的工业和数字供应链的共同承诺。第二个主要成果是七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长级关于中小企业人工智能采用蓝图的声明，该声明将领导人的“人工智能促进繁荣”方向转化为有针对性的议程，帮助中小企业安全有效地采用人工智能，同时尊重竞争、数据保护和知识产权框架。与该声明相关的是，中小企业人工智能采用蓝图本身是作为实用、更具技术性的交付成果发布的，提供了具体的指导、政策选择、示例和支持措施，七国集团政府可以利用这些措施来降低障碍并扩大中小企业在其经济体中负责任的人工智能采用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 September 2025", "title": "G7 Cyber Expert Group issues statement on AI and cybersecurity", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/G7-Cyber-Expert-Group-Statement-AI-and-Cybersecurity-2025.pdf", "description": "Primary source (home.treasury.gov) dated 21 September 2025 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 网络专家组发布人工智能和网络安全声明", "description_zh": "七国集团（G7）网络专家组（CEG）发布了关于人工智能和网络安全的声明。它适用于金融机构、监管机构、科技公司和人工智能开发商。该声明涵盖了生成式人工智能、代理式人工智能和先进系统，强调了网络弹性的机遇和风险。它敦促监控人工智能的发展，将人工智能整合到异常检测、欺诈预防和预测性维护中。风险包括人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼、恶意软件、数据中毒、提示注入和第三方依赖项。它还强调治理、人类监督、模型风险和人工智能素养。鼓励与学术界和工业界的合作。该声明旨在随着人工智能采用的增长指导风险管理。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='home.treasury.gov', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "G7 release joint statement to increase use of AI in public sector", "url": "https://g7.canada.ca/en/news-and-media/news/g7-leaders-statement-on-ai-for-prosperity", "description": "Primary source (g7.canada.ca) dated 17 June 2025 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "七国集团发布联合声明，增加公共部门人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "在加拿大卡纳纳斯基斯举行的七国集团峰会上，七国集团领导人发表了题为《七国集团领导人关于人工智能促进繁荣的声明》的联合声明，声明称七国集团国家将共同努力扩大人工智能在公共部门的使用，以提高政府服务质量和提高政府效率。 G7 国家还同意 (1) 提供人工智能采用蓝图，为政府和企业提供实用工具、基于证据的政策选择和现实例子，以加速中小企业人工智能整合； (2) 致力于解决人工智能的高能耗问题并增加发展中国家获得人工智能的机会。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='g7.canada.ca', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /en/news-and-media/news/g7-leaders-statement-on-ai-for-prosperity (Caused by NameResolutionError(\"HTTPSConnection(host='g7.canada.ca', port=443): Failed to resolve 'g7.canada.ca' ([Errno 11002] getadd", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "African Union, European Union, G20, G7 and United Nations adopted Paris AI Action Statement", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and-the-planet", "description": "Statement [1] on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet. 1. Participants from over 100 countries, including government leaders, international organisations, representatives of civil society, the private sector, and the academic and research communities gathered in Paris on 10 and 11 February 2025 to hold the AI Action Summit. Rapid development of AI technologies represents a major paradigm shift, impacting our citizens, and societies in many ways. In line with the Paris Pact for People and the Planet [2] , and the principles that countries must have ownersh", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过《巴黎人工智能行动声明》", "description_zh": "继巴黎人工智能行动峰会之后，非洲联盟、欧盟、G20、G7和联合国通过了《关于造福人类和地球的包容性和可持续人工智能声明》。该声明强调促进人工智能的可及性，以弥合数字鸿沟，确保人工智能系统的道德和可信性，并推进人工智能治理的国际合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "G7 Digital & Tech Working Group finalises reporting framework for advanced AI systems", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/articoli/en/g7-digital-tech-working-group-finalizes-reporting-framework-for-advanced-ai-syste/", "description": "An essential step toward the global promotion, development, and ethical application of AI", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 数字与技术工作组最终确定了先进人工智能系统的报告框架", "description_zh": "意大利七国集团主席国宣布结束讨论并最终确定广岛进程《先进人工智能系统开发组织国际行为准则》的报告框架。与经合组织合作开发的报告框架 (1) 旨在提高开发先进人工智能系统的组织之间的透明度和问责制； (2) 促进风险缓解措施的可比性，并有助于识别和传播良好做法； (3) 包括一组结构化问题（基于广岛人工智能进程国际行为准则中的行动），以指导组织将其实践与行为准则保持一致。交互式在线界面将于 2025 年初推出，将使组织能够根据这些行动报告其实践和政策。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 October 2024", "title": "Council of the European Union source on AI use in financial regulation", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/zttev3ma/g7_fmcbg_statement_washington.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 25 October 2024 for Group of Seven (G7) concerning G7 adopts statement on AI's impact on economic and financial policymaking. See the linked consilium.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团通过关于人工智能对经济和金融决策影响的声明", "description_zh": "七国集团 (G7) 财政部长通过了一份声明，讨论人工智能对经济和金融决策的影响。该声明的重点是建立一个高级别专家小组，以审查人工智能对经济和金融决策的影响。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "UNESCO, OECD and G7 release toolkit for AI in the public sector", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/g7-toolkit-for-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector_421c1244-en.html", "description": "Primary source (oecd.org) dated 15 October 2024 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联合国教科文组织、经合组织和七国集团发布公共部门人工智能工具包", "description_zh": "联合国教科文组织和经合组织在七国集团的贡献下，为政策制定者和公共部门领导人开发了一个工具包，将安全可靠和值得信赖的人工智能原则转化为可行的政策。该工具包的主要信息是：（1）根据预期效益制定明确的战略目标和行动计划； (2) 在制定策略和实施过程中纳入用户的声音； (3) 克服政府内部的孤立结构，实现有效治理； (4) 建立健全的框架以负责任地使用人工智能； (5) 提高成功的人工智能举措的可扩展性和可复制性； (6) 促进公共部门更系统地使用人工智能； (7) 采用渐进式和实验性的方法在公共部门部署和使用人工智能。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 October 2024", "title": "G7 adopts statement on role of data protection authorities in fostering trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_g7_20241011_ai/", "description": "G7 industry, technology and digital ministerial meeting Verona and Trento 14-15 March 2024, Ministerial Declaration", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "七国集团通过关于数据保护机构在培育值得信赖的人工智能方面的作用的声明", "description_zh": "七国集团 (G7) 数据保护和隐私机构已通过关于其在培育值得信赖的人工智能方面的作用的声明。该声明强调（1）需要在人工智能治理中嵌入数据保护原则，包括公平、透明和问责制； (2) 数据保护机构 (DPA) 在利用其专业知识解决偏见和歧视等人工智能相关风险方面的作用； (3) 需要加强跨司法管辖区以及与其他监管机构的合作，以确保负责任的人工智能发展； (4) 这些方法应认识到 (a) DPA 默认是以人为中心的； (b) 许多数据保护总体原则可以转化为更广泛的人工智能治理框架； (c) DPA 监督人工智能的核心组成部分； (d) DPA 有助于从根源上解决问题； (e) DPA 有经验。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 October 2024", "title": "G7 adopts statement on AI and children", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/s-d_g7_20241011_child-ai/", "description": "At the G7 DPAs Roundtable, the US Federal Trade Commission was represented by one of its five Commissioners.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7通过人工智能与儿童声明", "description_zh": "七国集团 (G7) 数据保护和隐私机构发表声明，解决人工智能对儿童和青少年的隐私和权利带来的挑战。声明(1)敦促人工智能开发者和利益相关者实施适合年龄的保障措施，通过设计确保隐私，并采用透明的人工智能模型； （2）鼓励针对人工智能培训中的在线操纵、歧视和滥用个人数据等风险实施保护； (3) 呼吁在教育系统内提高数字素养； (4) 强调数据保护当局开展国际合作以保障人工智能驱动环境中儿童权利的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 October 2024", "title": "G7 releases digital competition communique", "url": "https://en.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/pressrelease/G7%202024%20-%20Digital%20Competition%20Communiqu%C3%A9.pdf", "description": "Primary source (en.agcm.it) dated 4 October 2024 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7发布数字竞赛公报", "description_zh": "罗马峰会后，七国集团发布了数字竞争公报，强调了潜在的竞争问题，并确定了确保人工智能市场公平竞争的指导原则。这些指导原则是：（1）公平竞争，（2）公平准入和机会； （3）选择； (4) 互操作性； （5）创新； (6) 透明度和问责制。公报还重申七国集团成员国的承诺：（1）竞争主管机构继续大力实施反垄断执法； (2) 制定针对数字和人工智能的监管； (3) 加强竞争主管机构的数字化能力； （四）加强国际合作； (5) 对人工智能相关的竞争和可竞争性问题采取多学科方法。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 September 2024", "title": "G7 legislative leaders agree on further regulating AI", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20240908/59129ba35dd34784a48cca3955f95811/c.html", "description": "ROME, Sept. 7 (Xinhua) -- National legislatures have a key role in charting the course for artificial intelligence (AI) and assuring cyber-security going forward, according to a statement agreed Saturday by representatives from the Group of Seven (G7) countries at the close of a summit in Italy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "七国集团立法领导人同意进一步规范人工智能", "description_zh": "在意大利北部城市维罗纳举行的为期三天的会议上，七国集团国家确认，各自议会必须致力于“起草规则（治理），以确保在原则和权利框架内合理使用人工智能”，并提高公众对此问题的认识，并支持有关劳动力市场的更多讨论。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "G7 summit at Italy discusses AI", "url": "https://it.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-the-2024-g7-summit/", "description": "Primary source (it.usembassy.gov) dated 14 June 2024 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "意大利 G7 峰会讨论人工智能", "description_zh": "2024年6月13日至15日在意大利普利亚举行的七国集团峰会上，七国集团领导人讨论了深化人工智能合作等问题。特别是，G7 (1) 确认了国际伙伴关系对于弥合数字鸿沟、促进可持续发展、改善公共卫生、加速清洁能源转型等的重要性； (2) 同意制定一项行动计划，利用人工智能的潜力来增加优质就业机会并赋予工人权力，同时解决其对工人和劳动力市场的潜在挑战和风险； （3）致力于加强各自人工智能治理和风险管理方法之间的互操作性（包括深化G7国家人工智能安全机构之间的合作）； (4) 欢迎成立“七国集团半导体联络小组”，以加强在影响支撑人工智能生态系统的关键部门的问题上的协调。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "G7 adopts the Apulia Leaders’ Communiqué", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/06/14/g7-leaders-statement-8/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 14 June 2024 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7通过普利亚领导人公报", "description_zh": "七国集团在意大利普利亚峰会后通过了一项宣言，其中提出了（1）一项行动计划，以确保人工智能能够提高生产力、高质量就业和体面工作，赋予工人权力，促进包容性和平等机会，并加强积极的劳动力市场政策（包括适当的再培训和技能提升），以及（2）加强人工智能治理方法之间的互操作性并加深各自人工智能安全机构和办公室之间协调的措施和承诺。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 May 2024", "title": "G7 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors’ publish Communiqué, covering AI", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/muhnmsh1/stresa-communique-25-may-2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (consilium.europa.eu) dated 25 May 2024 in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "七国集团财长和央行行长发表公报，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "七国集团 (G7) 财长和央行行长发表了一份公报，其中指出，除其他外，财长将同意分享经验，并同意中央银行就利用人工智能的潜力建立七国集团的共同观点，同时密切监测和减轻其不利影响和风险。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 April 2024", "title": "G7 Presidency partners with UNDP Africa to advance AI for sustainable development", "url": "https://www.undp.org/africa/press-releases/g7-presidency-partners-undp-africa-advance-ai-sustainable-development", "description": "The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) hosts the G7 Italian Presidency to discuss Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development with African Union officials in Addis Ababa.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "七国集团轮值主席国与联合国开发计划署非洲办事处合作推进人工智能促进可持续发展", "description_zh": "七国集团轮值主席国意大利与联合国开发计划署（UNDP）合作，与非洲联盟（AU）高级官员、非洲驻非盟大使、欧盟驻非洲联盟特别代表以及私营部门利益相关者举行了一系列高级别会议。会议的成果是强化承诺，加强人工智能领域的合作以促进可持续发展，并共同应对挑战，确保所有人都能获得人工智能。特别是，七国集团和联合国开发计划署将在 2024 年继续与非洲领导人共同设计可持续发展人工智能中心。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "European Commission source on AI governance", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/g7-leaders-statement-hiroshima-ai-process", "description": "Official source record dated 30 October 2023 for Group of Seven (G7) concerning Voluntary Code of Conduct released by G7 nations. See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7国家发布自愿行为准则", "description_zh": "继广岛人工智能进程之后，七国集团领导人欢迎人工智能国际指导原则和人工智能开发者自愿行为准则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — G7 SME AI Adoption Blueprint (2025)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/sme-ai-adoption-blueprint", "description": "When G7 Leaders met in Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada in June 2025, they committed to promote economic prosperity by supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), including micro-enterprises, to adopt artificial intelligence (AI). There is broad agreement that adopting AI can boost productivity, unlock innovation, and foster economic growth. AI is a transformative general-purpose technology, which, like electricity or the steam engine, can be applied to many different economic activities and is therefore anticipated to have widespread economic and social impact. Accelerating and broadeni", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Copyright & Intellectual Property", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7 中小企业人工智能采用蓝图（2025）：", "description_zh": "一份以行动为导向的实用指南，将七国集团关于“人工智能促进繁荣”的政治承诺转化为具体措施，帮助中小企业安全有效地采用人工智能。它的重点是通过改善获得技能、融资、基础设施和可信工具的机会来减少中小企业的结构性障碍，同时嵌入数据保护、安全、知识产权和公平竞争的保障措施，并强调政府和合作伙伴可以在七国集团经济体中推广的最佳实践、说明性用例和政策选择，将试点项目转变为在日常业务运营中广泛使用、提高生产力的人工智能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — G7 Industry, Digital and Technology Ministerial Statement on the SME AI Adoption Blueprint (2025)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/g7-industry-digital-and-technology-ministerial-statement-sme-ai-adoption-blueprint", "description": "G7 Industry, Digital and Technology Ministerial Statement on the SME AI Adoption Blueprint", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Copyright & Intellectual Property", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7 工业、数字和技术部长级关于中小企业人工智能采用蓝图的声明（2025 年）：", "description_zh": "该声明阐述了七国集团部长们的政治承诺，即加速中小企业负责任地采用人工智能，将其作为生产力、创新和共同繁荣的核心杠杆。它将中小企业视为人工智能采用的核心但在结构上处于不利地位的参与者，因此七国集团政府承诺将蓝图用作政策的实用指南，以（a）改善中小企业获得计算、财务、技能和咨询支持的机会，（b）促进与现有数据保护、知识产权和竞争规则相一致的安全、负责任和值得信赖的人工智能，以及（c）培育协作生态系统、工具和路线图，以降低采用成本并将试点转化为可衡量的业务层面的收益。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — G7 2025 Industry, Digital and Technology Ministerial Declaration (2025)", "url": "https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/ised/en/g7-2025-industry-digital-and-technology-ministerial-declaration", "description": "Montréal, Canada - December 9, 2025 We, the G7 Industry, Digital and Technology (IDT) Ministers, met under Canada's Presidency to advance our collective priorities in economic competitiveness and prosperity. We welcomed the Republic of Korea as invited guests and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as knowledge partner.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G7 2025 工业、数字和技术部长宣言（2025）：", "description_zh": "在 2025 年蒙特利尔会议上，七国集团成员国签署了《七国集团 2025 年工业、数字和技术部长宣言》，概述了四大领域的共同承诺：(1) 利用人工智能推动包容性经济增长（以广岛人工智能进程为基础）； (2) 推进量子技术（包括在卡纳纳斯基斯共同愿景的基础上建立七国集团量子技术试点联合工作组）； (3) 加强有弹性和竞争力的数字经济； (4) 提高供应链安全和产业弹性（即增强数字市场竞争，包括解决算法定价问题，同时通过使用隐私增强技术（PET）加强供应链安全并推进信任数据自由流动（DFFT））。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "DECLARATION", "title": "G7 Apulia Leaders’ Communiqué (2024)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/06/14/g7-leaders-statement-8/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated DECLARATION in G7. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 普利亚领导人公报 (2024)", "description_zh": "该宣言提出了（1）一项行动计划，以确保人工智能能够提高生产力、提供优质工作和体面工作，赋予工人权力，促进包容性和平等机会，并加强积极的劳动力市场政策（包括适当的再培训和技能提升），以及（2）加强人工智能治理方法之间的互操作性并加深各人工智能安全机构和办公室之间的协调的措施和承诺。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Hiroshima Process — International Guiding Principles for Advanced AI Systems (2023)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/international-draft-guiding-principles-organizations-developing-advanced-ai-systems", "description": "The Commission holds a stakeholder survey on draft International Guiding Principles for organisations developing advanced AI systems, which have been agreed by G7 ministers for stakeholder consultation.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "开发先进人工智能系统的组织国际指导原则草案（2023 年）：", "description_zh": "《开发先进人工智能系统组织国际指导原则》旨在在全球范围内促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能，并将为开发和使用先进人工智能系统（例如基础模型和生成人工智能）的组织提供指导。组织可能包括学术界、民间社会、私营部门和公共部门等实体", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Hiroshima Process — International Code of Conduct for Advanced AI Systems (2023)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/hiroshima-process-international-code-conduct-advanced-ai-systems", "description": "Official source record for Group of Seven (G7) concerning Hiroshima Process — International Code of Conduct for Advanced AI Systems (2023). See the linked digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "开发先进人工智能系统的组织国际行为准则（2023）：", "description_zh": "在《先进人工智能系统开发组织国际指导原则》的基础上，《先进人工智能系统开发组织国际行为准则》旨在在全球范围内促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能，并将为开发最先进人工智能系统，包括最先进基础模型和生成式人工智能系统（以下简称“先进人工智能系统”）的组织的行动提供自愿指导。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 24, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "CF", "title": "Central African Republic", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "140" }, { "id": "CN", "title": "China (People's Republic of China)", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-03-07", "title": "Security assessment in Draft Data Security Law", "url": "https://npcobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/data-security-law-draft.pdf", "description": "The National People's Congress Standing Committee publishes its draft of the Data Security Law, which states that the State shall establish a data security assessment system and conduct reviews of the security of data activities, which will be final.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation Investigation into Alibaba Group for alleged abuse of dominance in e-commerce platform services market", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2024/art_df43b84d3f9f4dc6ba9c99b4195b3770.html", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) issued an evaluation of a three-year rectification process by Alibaba Group Holdings Co., Ltd. This process began in April 2021 when Alibaba was penalised for monopolistic practices in China's online retail platform service market. Over the three years, Alibaba Group has ceased its monopolistic practices, standardised its business operations, and significantly improved its compliance management systems. The SAMR states t...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-30", "title": "Measures on the Administration of Online Performance Management Establishments", "url": "http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/scgl/202109/t20210902_927492.html", "description": "On 30 August 2021, China's Ministry of Culture and Tourism adopted the Measures on the Administration of Online Performance Management Establishments, which came into effect on the same day. The Measures apply to so-called online performance management platforms, which are businesses engaged in organizing online performances or managing online performers. The Measures require such platforms to obtain a commercial performance licence. Further, the Measures lay down a number of additional oblig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "Singapore-China (Shenzhen) Smart City Initiative", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/sgpcmedia/media_releases/imda/press_release/P-20221125-1/attachment/Eight%20MOUs%20signed%20at%20the%20Third%20Singapore-China%20Shenzhen%20Smart%20City%20Initiative.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2022, the Singapore Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) and Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), announced the signing of 8 Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) with the Municipality of Shenzhen under the Singapore-China (Shenzhen) Smart City Initiative (SCI). Notably, a “MoU on Cooperation in the Paperless Cross-Border Trade and Trade Financing” was signed which will facilitate trade through the recognition of electronic Bills of Lading and will allow commerci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-12", "title": "China WTO dispute against US export controls on chips", "url": "http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/xwfb/xwsjfzr/202212/20221203373159.shtml", "description": "On 12 December 2022, China announced it had initiated a dispute against the United States at the World Trade Organization (WTO) over new rules implemented by the US titled “Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use” that came into effect on 7 October 2022, restricting exports to China of chips and any equipment used in the manufacturing of advanced semiconductors using American technology. China has cl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-28", "title": "National Standard System for Automotive Chips (2023)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_51d111baad0d4bf8980f29bc2173b01d.html", "description": "On 28 April 2023, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) closed its consultation on the draft “Guidelines for the Construction of a National Standard System for Automotive Chips (2023)”. The Guidelines aim to formulate more than 30 key automotive chip standards by 2025 in order to accelerate the development of China’s semiconductor industry. The standards will cover, among others, technical requirements such as control chips, computing chips, memory chips, power chips ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-08", "title": "Measures for the Filing of Algorithmic Recommendations for Internet Information Services", "url": "https://beian.cac.gov.cn/", "description": "China's algorithm filing system requiring platforms to register recommendation algorithms with CAC", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Basic Norms for Cybersecurity Standardization — Information Security Technology — Basic Security Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/", "description": "China's TC260 security standard for generative AI services, specifying technical security requirements", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-08", "title": "Amendment to Anti-Monopoly Law", "url": "http://www.ssf.gov.cn/portal/rootfiles/2022/06/29/1658143898903189-1658143898912253.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the Amendment to the Anti-Monopoly adopted by China's National People's Congress has entered into force. The amended Anti-Monopoly Law provides, among other things, that companies shall not limit competition by abusing platform rules, data, algorithms and technology in general. The amended Law also raises the fine amount a company can be sanctioned with for significant anti-competitive acts, with fines of up to 10% of a company's revenue from the previous year possible for b...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "Data protection measures in Personal Information Protection Law", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c30834/202108/5891377866c04fd78df8d76d9b76338e.shtml", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the Personal Information Protection Law is implemented. It was adopted on 20 August 2021 by the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC) announced the adoption of the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) through an order by Xi Jinping, the President of the People's Republic of China. It represents China's first comprehensive law in the area of personal information protection. More specifically, it sets out both general rules for the handling...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-09", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Data Security Law", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-06/11/content_5616919.htm", "description": "The Data Security Law, which contains several provisions on the processing of important data by firms, enters into force. The focus lies on data security and the protection of individual rights, for which requirements such as the appointment of a person responsible for data security and risk assessment are introduced. Furthermore, Art. 30 sets out rules for data transaction intermediary services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-10", "title": "Data protection requirements in Automobile Data Security Provisions", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631049984834616.htm", "description": "The Provisions on the Security Management of Automobile Data (Trial) entered into force on 1 October 2021. As compared to the draft provisions, there have been changes in how personal information and sensitive personal information are defined. In the adopted Provisions, the need to ensure safe driving appears more prominently as a consideration alongside privacy. Violations of these provisions may be punished in accordance with the \"Network Security Law of the People's Republic of China\", \"Da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-21", "title": "Cybersecurity standards in Information System Security Assurance Evaluation Framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20210723152346&norm_id=20201104200022&recode_id=43552", "description": "The National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes the consultation on its proposed Information System Security Assurance Evaluation Framework on 21 September 2021. The consultation opened on 23 July 2021.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Internet Information Service Algorithms Recommendation Management Regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/04/c_1642894606364259.htm", "description": "The Internet Information Service Algorithm Recommendation Management Regulations come into force on 1 March 2022. The Regulations create rules for companies, establish rights for users, and set forth sanctions in case of non-compliance. Companies should not create algorithms that encourage people to get addicted to their products or spend enormous sums of money. When companies employ algorithms to promote goods or deliver services to consumers, they are not allowed to differentiate prices or ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "Data residency obligation in Personal Information Protection Law", "url": "http://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-12/29/c_694559.htm", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC) implemented the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). It represents China's first comprehensive law in the area of personal information protection. Next to general rules for the handling of personal information, the law includes in Art. 40 a data residency obligation. Thus, operators of critical information infrastructure and personal information processors that process personal information up to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "Data portability requirements in Personal Information Protection Law", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-08/20/content_5632486.htm", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China (NPC) implemented the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) through an order by President Xi Jinping. It represents China's first comprehensive law in the area of personal information protection. Besides providing general rules regarding the handling and scope of personal information, the law states in Art. 45 that data subjects have the right to data portability. However, the national cybersecurity depa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Shanghai Data Regulations including data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw12344/20211129/a1a38c3dfe8b4f8f8fcba5e79fbe9251.html", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Shanghai Data Regulations have entered into force. The Regulations lay out the conditions under which rights to data and privacy must be respected. Notably, the collection or processing of personal information requires individual consent and proper notification of the individual. The Regulations also place the collection of biometric information within specific limits, requiring necessity and consent.\nFurther, the Regulations set out principles for the establishment of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-23", "title": "CAICT Global Digital Governance White Paper", "url": "http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202112/t20211223_394423.htm", "description": "The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), a think tank under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, published the \"Global Digital Governance White Paper\". The Paper investigates the recent evolutions in global digital governance and the models developed by various countries. Firstly, the report investigates how the epidemic and the expansion of multilateral mechanisms accelerated the digitization of global trade and allowed the coordination between ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-08", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Revised Provisions on the Administration of Mobile Internet Application Information Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-06/14/c_1656821626316487.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the Revised Provisions on the Administration of Mobile Internet Application Information Services, which include user cybersecurity regulations, come into force. The Provisions will apply to both application distribution platforms and providers of applications involving information services, such as messaging, e-commerce, audio and video services. App providers will be required to abide by existing network security standards, take appropriate remedial action and notify both u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-10", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation Investigation into Meituan for alleged abuse of dominant market position", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2023/art_31910760066b4f69aa119a20dee250ad.html", "description": "On 8 October 2021, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) concluded its investigation into online food delivery platform Meituan for alleged abuse of market dominance under the Anti-Monopoly Law. The SAMR found that Meituan had abused its market dominance by charging different rates through algorithms, implementing exclusive cooperation agreements, excluding competition, and limiting the flow of market elements, among others. It ordered Meituan to cease its illegal acts and...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Algorithm disclosure requirements for platform providers in Regulations on the Administration of Network Data Security", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/policies/latestreleases/202409/30/content_WS66fab6c8c6d0868f4e8eb720.html", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Network Data Security Management Regulation enters into force. Under the regulation, internet platform operators are required to disclose algorithm policies, as well as formulation procedures and adjustment procedures.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-11-29", "title": "Opinions on Strengthening Protection of Minors in the Online Cultural Market", "url": "http://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/scgl/202112/t20211201_929516.html", "description": "On 29 November 2021, China's Ministry of Culture and Tourism has issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Minors in the Online Cultural Market. The Opinions cover the Ministry's proposed principal issues in the protection of minors in cyberspace, focusing on cultural markets including online music, videos, and animation. A number of suggestions are made, including strengthening user identification, improving the protection of personal information of minors, regulating and blocki...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-02", "title": "Mandatory data sharing requirements in Measures on the Administration of Internet Information Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-01/08/c_1611676476075132.htm", "description": "On 7 February 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) has closed the consultation on the Measures on the Administration of Internet Information Services (Revised Draft for Public Comments). The Measures would apply to Internet Information Service providers, supervisors, and administrators within the territory of the People's Republic of China. Internet Information Service providers are required to prevent their services from being used to commit crimes. Operators would be obligated...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-16", "title": "Cybersecurity Investigation into Didi Chuxing", "url": "https://m.weibo.cn/status/4858551631087354", "description": "On 16 January 2023, Didi Chuxing announced that, following the steps taken by the company to comply with the July 2022 ruling by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) concerning the security of user data, the Network Security Review Office had approved the lifting of restrictions on new user registration. New user registration, which had been paused since the beginning of the investigation in July 2021, is set to resume immediately.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-25", "title": "China: New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code", "url": "http://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html", "description": "On 25 September 2021, China's Ministry of Science and Technology has announced that the National New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Governance Professional Committee has issued the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code. The code applies to all persons, natural or legal, who are engaged in AI-related management, R&D, as well as the supply and use of AI, with separate provisions for each of these fields. The Code also emphasizes the importance of data security, privacy, h...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-05", "title": "Measures for the Administration and Supervision of Online Transactions", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-03/16/content_5593226.htm", "description": "On 1 May 2021, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) has implemented the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions setting out conditions for e-commerce providers. The Measures apply to both online trading platforms and online traders, and include rules on data processing, and transparency. The Measures establish the principles of lawfulness, fairness, and necessity in online transactions and require operators to state the purpose, method, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-07", "title": "White Paper on Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence", "url": "http://www.caict.ac.cn/english/research/whitepapers/202110/P020211014399666967457.pdf", "description": "On 9 July 2021, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), a think tank of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), has published the White Paper on Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence containing background and guidance on the design of trustworthy artificial intelligence. The White Paper defines trustworthy AI as meeting a number of standards such as security, transparency, fairness, accountability, and privacy. The White Paper explains how tru...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-06", "title": "Data Security Management Certification Implementation Rules", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-06/08/c_1656303136636241.htm", "description": "On 5 June 2022, the Chinese Cyberspace Administration adopted the implementation rules of the data security management certification. In the announcement, the administration encouraged network operators to use certification systems when handling data, to improve data security when data is stored or handled. According to the rules, the certification process includes technical verifications and an on-site audit. After conducting a comprehensive evaluation, the certification body evaluates the a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-06", "title": "Global Data Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/wjbzhd/202206/t20220609_10700811.shtml", "description": "On 8 June 2022, China, Kazahkstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan signed the Global Data Security Initiative. Under the initiative, the signatories agree to a number of principles considering international and cross-border data security, including cooperating on preventing global data security threats, opposing the abuse of information technology infrastructure to steal data or surveil citizens of other countries, and store and collect data in accordance with the laws of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-15", "title": "Revised Provisions on the Administration of Internet Thread Commenting Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-11/16/c_1670253725725039.htm", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China implemented the Revised Provisions on the Administration of Internet Thread Commenting Services, regulating the content moderation obligations of websites providing public commentary functions. The original Provisions were adopted in August 2017. The Revised Provisions place new obligations on group moderators to review comments and remove illegal or inappropriate content. For this purpose, they can apply for content management right...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "Provisions on Standard Contracts for Exporting Personal Information Abroad", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-02/24/c_1678884831596384.htm", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Chinese Internet Information Office's Standard Contractual Measures for Exporting Personal Information Abroad, entered into force. The main objective of the Standard Measures is to protect personal information and control the transfer of data overseas. It is emphasised that personal information exportation activities must follow a combination of independent contracting and record management to ensure the protection of rights and interests and risk prevention, thereby ensur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Cybersecurity Service Work Certification", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-04/02/content_5749741.htm", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), the Cyberspace Administration of China and the Ministry of Public Security implemented the Implementation Opinion on Cybersecurity Service Work Certification. The opinion aimed to evaluate the current state of implementation of China's Cybersecurity Law and ameliorate the cybersecurity standard and services offered to organizations and individuals. Specifically, the Implementation Opinion puts into practice a cybersecuri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-27", "title": "Henan Province Cybersecurity Regulations", "url": "https://www.henanrd.gov.cn/2022/07-27/145242.html?mc_cid=9d6974c32d&mc_eid=a8759596eb", "description": "On 27 July 2022, the Henan Province Cybersecurity Regulations (Draft) were submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of Henan Province. The Regulations clarify the cybersecurity responsibilities of public and private sector entities, prescribe remedial responses to the detection of security defects and lay down cybersecurity rules concerning the use of algorithmic recommendation tools.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-29", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China and National Network and Cryptography Agency of Indonesia action plan", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-07/29/c_1660713333439712.htm", "description": "On 29 July 2022, the Chinese Cyberspace Administration announced that it has signed an Action Plan for Cybersecurity Cooperation with the Indonesian National Network and Cryptography Authority. The action plan aims to strengthen the cooperation between China and Indonesia on cybersecurity issues.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-08", "title": "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Intelligent Connected Vehicle Management Regulations", "url": "http://jtys.sz.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/9/9934/post_9934365.html#1514", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the Transport Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality implemented the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Intelligent Connected Vehicle Management Regulations, specifying the conditions under which driverless cars can be driven within the Municipality. The Regulations prescribe the locations within Shenzhen where driverless cars can be used or tested. Further, they prescribe that driverless cars can only be driven after they have met safety standards and been listed in the product catalo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-11", "title": "Basic Requirements for Collecting Personal Information in Mobile Internet Applications", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20220424092126", "description": "On 1 November 2022, the Basic Requirements for Collecting Personal Information in Mobile Internet Applications (GB/T 41391-2022) came into effect. The Basic Requirements were issued by the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) of China and specify the types of personal information that different types of applications can require their users to provide. The Basic Requirements differentiate between an app's core services and broader services, whereby the use ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-26", "title": "China and US audit supervision cooperation agreement", "url": "https://pcaobus.org/news-events/news-releases/news-release-detail/fact-sheet-china-agreement", "description": "On 26 August 2022, the Securities Regulatory Commission, alongside the Ministry of Finance of China and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of the United States (PCAOB), signed a cooperation agreement aimed at increasing cooperation and offering the PCAOB access to the documents of registered public accounting firms based in China and Hong Kong for inspection and investigation purpose. The PCAOB stated that it would have “sole discretion” regarding the selection of firms that will b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-31", "title": "CAC Guidelines on Data Export Security Assessment Declaration", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-08/31/c_1663568169996202.htm", "description": "On 31 August 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the Guidelines on the Data Export Security Assessment Declaration. The Guidelines provide guidance to data processors on filling out data export self-assessments under the Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports which entered into force on 1 September 2022. Furthermore, the Guidelines contain a list of documents that data processors should provide to the authorities. The Guidelines also define data transfers ab...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-22", "title": "Administrative Measures for Internal Control of Wealth Management Companies", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-08/25/content_5706850.htm", "description": "On 22 August 2022, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission (CBIRC) issued the Administrative Measures for Internal Control of Wealth Management Companies. The Measures contain regulations on cybersecurity and data security management. Particularly, Wealth Management Companies are required to store information on sales and products on a technology platform recognized by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and take practical measures to ensure the privacy, accura...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures for Internet Information Departments", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-03/23/c_1681211418907384.htm", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Provisions on Administrative Law Enforcement Procedures for Internet Information Departments by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) were implemented. The new Provisions include rules outlining the scope and procedures for investigative practices, enforcement actions, and jurisdiction applying to government departments overseeing administrative punishment or enforcement in cybersecurity and data-related cases where there are violations of relevant data protection a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-29", "title": "Proposed amendments to the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-09/14/c_1664781649609823.htm", "description": "On 29 September 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closed the public consultation on the \"Decision on Amending the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China (Draft for Comment)\". The proposed amendments would introduce higher penalties for violations of the Cybersecurity Law, including violations of general network operation security provisions, critical information infrastructure provisions, and network information security. Notably, particularly serious violations ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-13", "title": "TC260 Requirements for Classification and Grading of Information Security Technology Network Data", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20220914181019", "description": "On 13 November 2022, the Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed the public consultation on proposed requirements for the classification and grading of information security technology network data. This draft requirements establish a standard for the classification and grading of information that aims to support the implementation of the data classification and grading protection system proposed under Article 21 of the Chinese Data Security Law...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-02-11", "title": "Notice on Effectively Strengthening the Governance of Cyber Violence", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-11/04/c_1669204414682178.htm", "description": "On 4 November 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued the Notice on Effectively Strengthening the Governance of Cyber ​​Violence. The Notice directs website operators to take stricter measures against cyberbullying, such as restricting website access. In addition, it proposes measures including implementing an early warning system to detect cyberbullying by building a database of examples, a requirement for websites to establish a task force to collect information related to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-05", "title": "National Standard on Information Security Technology: Cybersecurity Requirements for Critical Information Infrastructure Protection", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn//gb/search/gbDetailed?id=EC5E3D1483365849E05397BE0A0A97C8", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the “National Standard on Information Security Technology: Cybersecurity Requirements for Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (GB/T 39204-2022)” was implemented. The approval was announced by the Standardization Administration of China on 12 October 2022. The Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) is in charge of the oversight of this National Standard. The National Standard sets out a number of cybersecurity rules for criti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-01", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-12/11/c_1672221949354811.htm", "description": "On 10 January 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security implemented the Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet Information Services, including content moderation regulation. The Provisions prohibit the use of deep synthesis services to produce or disseminate prohibited information and false news, or any activity endangering national security, public interest, and national image.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-12", "title": "China-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership for Digital Economy Cooperation", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2407961", "description": "On 9 December 2022, the governments of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia signed an agreement for a strategic partnership for cooperation in the digital economy. The agreement establishes a cooperation framework between both countries on areas such as the digital economy, communications and information technology, emerging technologies, mobile communications infrastructure, and digital entrepreneurship. The agreement notably covers cooperation between both countries on artificial intellige...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Interim Measures for the Administration of Data Property Rights Registration in Shenzhen", "url": "http://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/zcfg/content/post_10692613.html", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Data Property Rights Registration in Shenzhen are no longer applicable. The measures established a data property rights registration system to regulate data property rights, protect the legitimate rights and interests of participants in the data market, and promote the open flow, development, and utilization of data. The measure created a structured framework for data ownership and facilitated data transactions. The measures were...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-25", "title": "Order on the establishment of a National Data Bureau", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/wsdwhfz/202311/t20231107_1361831.html", "description": "On 25 October 2023, the National Data Bureau of China was established. The NDB is responsible for advancing the development of data-related institutions, coordinating the integration, sharing, development and application of data resources, and supporting the planning and building of a Digital China, a digital economy and a digital society. Its goals include creating a unified national standard for data trading, stimulating innovation, and enhancing China's global competitiveness.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee security certification requirements for cross-border processing of personal information", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20230316143506&norm_id=20221102152946&recode_id=50381", "description": "On 1 March 2026, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) certification requirements for cross-border transmission of personal information enter into force. The certification requirements set out the personal information protection measures applicable to cross-border transfers and are to be used by the professional certification bodies certifying cross-border transfers of personal information. In particular, the certification requirements establish the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-12", "title": "Export Control Law of People's Republic of China", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202112/63aff482fece44a591b45810fa2c25c4.shtml", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Export Control Law of the People's Republic of China came into effect. The law applies to the export of dual-use items, military products, nuclear goods, technologies, and services related to safeguarding national security, and aims to safeguard national security, nonproliferation, and regulate export control. The state export control authorities are in charge of export control, which is further disciplined through the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-22", "title": "Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items", "url": "http://tfs.mofcom.gov.cn/article/as/202204/20220403306817.shtml", "description": "On 22 May 2022, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce closed its consultation on its Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items, implementing the Export Control Law. The Regulations concern the export control of dual-use goods, technologies, and services, establishing a unified export control system managed by the competent Department of Commerce under the State Council. The Regulations establish control lists, export licenses, and supervision and inspection requirements, and call for str...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-15", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Administrative Measures for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm", "description": "On 15 August 2023, the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services to regulate the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) entered into force. The Measures apply to the use of generative AI technology to provide services for the generation of text, pictures, audio, and video content to the public within Chinese territory. The Measures require adherence to laws and regulations, respect for social morality and ethics, and the avoidance of content co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-21", "title": "Shanghai Interim Measures for the Administration of Data Trading Centres", "url": "https://www.sheitc.sh.gov.cn/sjxwxgwj/20230322/e4261afd433b4e54960cd343d87e16b8.html", "description": "On 21 April 2023, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Data Trading Centres issued by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy entered into force. The Interim Measures regulate the establishment and operation of data trading centres. Furthermore, the Interim Measures outline prohibited activities for data trading centres, including the prohibition of providing and disseminating false or misleading information to customers. The Interim Measures will be in effect until 20 April 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-22", "title": "Beijing compliant entities - Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA3NTI0NzYxNw==&mid=2651580179&idx=5&sn=98a1ee56153b36bcfd5bb3d74641a3ff&chksm=848c3e7db3fbb76b5cee5cccc378ecb6d7155c529ecfb86b3c064a1f96192e188230a74f9ea9&scene=27", "description": "On 22 February 2023, the Beijing Internet Information Office announced that two companies - Beijing Friendship Hospital and Air China - were the first data export projects in the country to be approved as compliant under the CAC Measures for Security Assessment Data Exports. The successful companies were among a pool of 48 applicants, including prominent companies like Amazon, BMW, Samsung, GlaxoSmithKline, and Xiaomi. According to the Beijing Office, other companies such as Hyundai Motor and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-05", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into DouYu platform compliance with content moderation regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/08/c_1685191059531743.htm", "description": "On 8 May 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the opening of an investigation into the Douyu platform. The CAC alleges that Douyu failed to comply with content moderation regulations noting that on the platform, inappropriate content, including pornography and indecency, is displayed. The CAC will conduct centralised rectification supervision in collaboration with Hubei Provincial Internet Information Office.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-30", "title": "Guidelines for the Filing of Standard Contracts for the Transfer of Personal Information Abroad", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/30/c_1687090906222927.htm", "description": "On 30 May 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China adopted the Guidelines for the Filing of Standard Contracts for the Transfer of Personal Information Abroad (First Edition). The Guidelines set out the procedure and necessary materials for using the standard contractual clause (SCC) mechanism that allows certain organisations to export personal information abroad. According to the Guidelines, SCCs should be filed with the relevant provincial cyberspace authority within 10 days of the con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-26", "title": "Guidelines for Network Security Standards - Implementation Guidelines for Network Data Security Risk Assessment", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20230529155314", "description": "On 26 May 2023, the Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted Guidelines for Network Security Standards - Implementation Guidelines for Network Data Security Risk Assessment. The guidelines aim to support data processors in conducting risk evaluations. The primary objective of the risk assessment is to ensure data security and personal information protection by identifying data types, assessing data processing activities, and identifying potenti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-14", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Computing Platform Information Security Framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20230515154409898112&norm_id=20221102142806&recode_id=51281", "description": "On 14 July 2023, the Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed its consultation on its Artificial Intelligence Computing Platform Information Security Framework. The Framework is aimed at guiding the design and implementation of artificial intelligence computing platforms, specifically with regard to their security functions, mechanisms, modules and service interfaces. Furthermore, the Framework would act as a reference for platform users regardi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Administrative Measures for Credit Investigation Services", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/01/content_5640685.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the “Administrative Measures for Credit Investigation Services” of the People's Bank of China entered into force. The Administrative Measures outlines the requirements for the collection, processing, and use of credit information. The measures provide that the collection of personal credit information should be done with the consent of the data subject, follow the principle of necessity, and should not be collected excessively. Credit reporting businesses and related activi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Data Localisation Requirements in Regulation on the Administration of Credit Investigation Industry", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-10/01/content_5640685.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the “Regulation on the Administration of Credit Investigation Industry” of the People's Bank of China entered into force. Article 39 of the Regulation requires credit investigation agencies carrying out credit investigation business and related activities in China, to store the collected credit information within the territory of China.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Regulations for the Administration of Internet Religious Information Services", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2022/content_5678093.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2022, the Measures for the Administration of Internet Religious Information Services entered into force. The Measures prohibit content using religion to incite subversion of state sovereignty, to oppose the leadership of the Communist Party, to undermine the Socialist system, national and ethnic unity, and social stability, or to advocate extremism, terrorism, ethnic separatism, and religious fanaticism; using religion to obstruct the justice, education, marriage, or social managem...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-10", "title": "Information Security Technology - Personal Information Security Specification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/piss/files/zwb.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2020, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee's (TC260) Information Security Technology - Personal Information Security Specification was implemented. The Specification set out principles and security measures for the personal information processing activities. It sets out requirements for proper collection, storage, use, and transfer of personal information. It also sets out appropriate organisational and technical security measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-06", "title": "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Management and Application of Measurement Data", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/zw/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/jls/art/2023/art_7d96844425d949a596aa357c07f59354.html", "description": "On 2 June 2023, the Chinese General Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation issued \"Guiding Opinions on Enhancing the Management and Utilisation of Measurement Data\". The Guiding Opinions seek to elucidate the Chinese Strategy concerning data generated through measurement activities. Their purpose is to support the implementation of the \"Measurement Development Plan (2021-2035)\", reinforce the measurement system and capacity building, delve deeper into the collection, analysi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-07", "title": "Zhejiang Province Approval of Standard Contract for Exporting Personal Information Abroad", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/csj/zj/202307/t20230710_3246247.shtml", "description": "On 10 July 2023, the Internet Information Office of the Zhejiang Province approved the standard contract for the export of personal information submitted by Bangbei Hydraulic Machinery (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd. It is the first company in Zhejiang Province to receive authorisation after the “Measures on Standard Contracts for Exporting Personal Information Abroad” entered into force in 2023. It is also the second personal information export standard contract to be approved at the national level.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-07", "title": "Cyberspace Administration Special action to strengthen the management of \"We-media\"", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/10/c_1690638496047430.htm", "description": "On 10 July 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published thirteen measures, \"we-media\", including other online platforms displaying user-generated content, including news and information, are required to implement. These include reviewing account information to prevent counterfeiting, account verification, labelling controversial information and the source of relevant information, displaying the name of the information publisher, marking rumours, and limiting the number of acco...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "Data protection measures in Cyberspace Administration regulations on safe application of facial recognition technology", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "On 1 June 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China's regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology including data protection measures enter into force. The regulation applies to entities processing facial information within China, except for research and algorithm training. It introduces obligations including obtaining explicit consent, ensuring transparency, conducting impact assessments, implementing security measures, and restricting unnecessary use. It also prov...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-25", "title": "TC 260 Practice Guide to Cybersecurity Standards on Generative artificial intelligence service content identification method", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20230825190345", "description": "On 25 August 2023, the Chinese National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) adopted its Practice Guide to Cybersecurity Standards of Generative artificial intelligence service content identification method. It outlines guidelines for content identification in generative artificial intelligence services to comply with regulations and policies, including the \"Network Security Law\" and \"Generative Artificial Intelligence Service Management Interim Measures.\" The prac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-15", "title": "Standards regarding security requirements for automated decision-making based on personal information", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20230818163540&norm_id=20221102151633&recode_id=52619&mc_cid=c17f39468e&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 15 October 2023, China’s cybersecurity technical standards body (TC260) closed the consultation on its draft standards regarding security requirements for automated decision-making based on personal information. The standards are applicable for personal information processors engaged in automated decision-making activities to standardise their personal information processing and decision-making activities. The standards apply to regulatory authorities and third-party assessment agencies as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-24", "title": "Standard on Information Security Technology Critical Data Processing Security Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20230825215527429474&norm_id=20221102143953&recode_id=52804", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the Chinese National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed a public consultation on its draft standard on Information Security Technology Critical Data Processing Security Requirements. The draft sets out security requirements for the processing of \"important data\", which is a classification under the country's tiered cybersecurity system. Specifically, the standard sets out cybersecurity requirements, requirements around access to importa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-06-09", "title": "CAC investigation into CNKI compliance with privacy and cybersecurity regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-09/06/c_1695654024248502.htm", "description": "On 6 September 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued a ruling imposing administrative penalties on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). CNKI is a privately owned publishing company in the journal search and data collection field. The CAC investigation found that CNKI's mobile applications collected personal information in violation of privacy principles and failed to implement data security and personal information protection measures. CNKI gathered personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-10", "title": "Guidelines on Data Asset Valuation", "url": "http://www.cas.org.cn/ggl/427dfd5fec684686bc25f9802f0e7188.htm", "description": "On 1 October 2023, the China Appraisal Association (CAS) implemented the Guidelines on Data Asset Valuation. They are designed to standardise the evaluation of data assets, ensuring compliance with legal and professional standards. The Guidelines cover various aspects of data asset assessment, emphasizing independence, objectivity, and confidentiality. Further, they address the unique characteristics of data assets, including non-entity, dependence, shareability, processability, and value var...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-13", "title": "CAC investigation into Tencent QQ regarding illegal content", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-09/13/c_1696259439302507.htm", "description": "On 13 September 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued a ruling in its investigation into Tencent QQ regarding illegal content, including pornography, in its Small World section that poses a threat to minors. The CAC directed the Cyberspace Administration of Guangdong Province to interview Tencent's responsible individuals. As a result, Tencent QQ is facing administrative penalties, including a 30-day suspension of information updates in the Small World section, confiscatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-15", "title": "CAC Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Reporting of Internet Infringement Information", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-09/15/c_1696347685563097.htm", "description": "On 15 September 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the “Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Reporting of Internet Infringement Information”. In particular, the document provides guidance for organisations on how to handle reports from individuals regarding breaches of online personal information regulations, including reports on information leakage. In addition, the document recommends that organisations establish an online complaint system for individuals ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-27", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology investigation into applications compliance with data and security regulations", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2023/art_879d36be110e4035a76f10dd47bdeb45.html", "description": "On 27 September 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released a list of applications and third-party software development kits (SDKs) that violate the Personal Information Protection Law, Network Security Law, Telecommunications Regulations and Telecommunications and Internet Users' Personal Information Protection Regulations. The Ministry investigated mobile internet applications (APPs), mini-programs, and third-party SDKs developed for leisure, entertainment, hotels, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-11", "title": "Implementation Rules for Data Security Risk Assessment in the Industrial and Information Technology Fields", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_b79941ed6485425790bfaf257dc6e4d3.html", "description": "On 8 November 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MIIT) closed the public consultation on the Implementation Rules for Data Security Risk Assessment in the Industrial and Information Technology. The Rules apply to entities handling important data and core data in the industrial and information fields. The Rules outline the content of the risk assessment report in order to improve the level of data security management and the security me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-25", "title": "TC260 Basic Requirements for Security of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20231011143225", "description": "On 25 October 2023, the public consultation closed on the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) draft Basic Requirements for Security of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Services. In particular, the draft specifies that Generative AI service providers are required to implement measures to ensure the legality and quality of the training data and cannot train their algorithms with more than 5% of data considered illegal or harmful. The output...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-18", "title": "Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-10/18/c_1699291032884978.htm", "description": "On 18 October 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance Initiative. The initiative aims to establish a framework for countries to collaborate to improve the information exchange and technological cooperation regarding the governance of AI. Specifically, the initiative recommends establishing an AI risk assessment system and legal frameworks to ensure it follows a people-centred approach and respects national sovereignty. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-10", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Measures for Data Security Management of Accounting Firms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-05/10/c_1717011564369521.htm", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Interim Measures for Data Security Management of Accounting Firms enter into force. The interim measures establish data security obligations for accounting firms that provide auditing services for certain categories of companies, such as critical information infrastructure operators, large network platform operators, and domestic enterprises that are to be listed abroad. Furthermore, the interim measures require accounting firms to store data within the country, includi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-22", "title": "China Administrative Penalty Discretion Guidelines for Data Security in the Industrial and Information Technology Fields", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_2fb5b9dff755480284099f08eebdfa1e.html", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closed a consultation on the Administrative Penalty Discretion Guidelines for Data Security in the Industrial and Information Technology Fields.The guideline aims to institutionalise and standardise the levying of administrative penalties for data security violations. The draft specifies that the authorities have additional powers regarding the imposition of penalties and outlines circumstances for imposing or no...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-15", "title": "Emergency Plan for Data Security Incidents in the Industrial and Information Technology Fields", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_7c903aac87514e26b2dbbc42f5e60347.html", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China closed the public consultation on the guidelines and procedures for responding to data incidents. The guidelines aim to establish an emergency response system for data protection incidents in the industrial and IT sectors. The objective is to respond effectively to such incidents, minimize damage, and protect the rights of individuals, organizations, and national security. The Ministry of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-22", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Measures for the Administration of Online Games", "url": "https://www.nppa.gov.cn/xxfb/tzgs/202312/t20231221_823187.html", "description": "On 22 January 2024, the National Press and Publication Administration (NPPA) closed the public consultation on the draft Measures for the Administration of Online Games including content moderation regulation. The draft measures require the implementation of a content self-review system by online game publishing units to ensure compliance with national standards and norms. The draft measures outline prohibited content for online games, including activities opposing constitutional principles,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-15", "title": "MIIT investigation into applications and software development kits' compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2023/art_836783a2d3c649a6aa6eceab5f2aa921.html", "description": "On 15 December 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT) adopted an order for the rectification of 24 mobile internet applications (APPs) and software development kits (SDKs) found to infringe on user rights and interests. The identified APPs and SDKs, spanning sectors such as practical tools, local life, and online games, were inspected by third-party testing agencies. The order mandates that these APPs and SDKs comply with relevant re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines - Cybersecurity Assessment Guidelines for Large Internet Platforms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240626170654", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) issued the Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines - Cybersecurity Assessment Guidelines for Large Internet Platforms. The guidelines aim to provide standardised practice guidance on network security laws, regulations, policies, standards, and current issues. Large internet platforms include intermediary platforms with over 50 million users in the last year, offering services such as instant mes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "CAC investigation into Huajiao Live Broadcast for alleged violation of the Cybersecurity Law and Network Information Content regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-12/29/c_1705519843935413.htm", "description": "On 29 December 2023, the State Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced its findings following an investigation into Huajiao Live Broadcast for alleged violation of the Network Security Law and Regulations on the Governance of the Online Information Content Ecosystem. The content in the app's \"dancing\" section exhibited \"revealing clothing and provocative behaviour\", in contrast with the Network Security Law. The Huajiao Live Broadcast was given 7 days to rectify this issue, during ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-17", "title": "Measures for the Management of Data Transactions in Hubei Province", "url": "http://fgw.hubei.gov.cn/hdjl/dczj/myzj/yjzjxq.shtml?collectionId=2521&siteId=41&status=1", "description": "On 17 November 2023, the Hubei Provincial Development and Reform Commission closed its consultation on the Interim Measures for the Administration of Data Trading in Hubei Province. The consultation, which ran from 7 November 2023, received comments on the purchase of non-public data products by public management and service organisations, the prohibition of illegal activities by data trading platforms, the inclusion of various data-derived products in data products, the establishment of a sp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-19", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Guidelines for Network Security Protection of Industrial Control Systems", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2024/art_b9415a5455934902b04961909b1c2873.html", "description": "On 19 January 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the \"Industrial Control System Network Security Protection Guide,\" outlining comprehensive measures for enhancing network security in industrial control systems. Applicable to enterprises operating such systems, the guidelines cover safety management, technical protection, safe operation, and responsibility implementation. Safety management emphasises asset and configuration management, supply chain security, and r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Beijing Cross-Border Data Transfer Regulation Implementation", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/ywdt/gzdt/202401/t20240109_3529600.html", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Beijing administration implemented a cross-border data transfer regulation. The regulation, which was first introduced by the Cyberspace Administration of China on 1 September 2022, provides a framework for data outbound security assessments. Beijing implemented this system with 117 enterprises and institutions, including both domestic and international companies, officially submitting data export security assessment application materials. The regulation aims to promote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "CAC Guidelines for the Declaration of Security Assessment of Data Transmission", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-03/22/c_1712783131692707.htm", "description": "On 22 March 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) adopted the Guidelines for the Declaration of Security Assessment of Data Transmission. The guidelines aim to clarify responsibilities outlined in the Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports and the Regulations on Promoting and Standardising Cross-border Data Flows. They apply to situations where data processors provide data overseas, in particular when critical information infrastructure operators (CIIOs) or other data p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-06", "title": "TC260 Security Specifications for Generative Artificial Intelligence Data Annotation", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240403111401&norm_id=20231220160952&recode_id=54518", "description": "On 2 June 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard titled \"Security Specifications for Generative Artificial Intelligence Data Annotation of Information Security Technology”. The draft standard aims to establish basic and advanced security requirements for data annotation in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. The draft covers scope, refe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-14", "title": "TC260 standard on data security technology security requirements for government data processing", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240415110617&norm_id=20221102152212&recode_id=54606", "description": "On 14 June 2024, the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft standard on data security technology security requirements for government data processing. The draft standard outlines guidelines for government data processing security, including technical requirements, personal information protection, and assessment methods. It establishes a framework for secure data handling, covering aspects such as organisation, systems,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-19", "title": "TC 260 Cybersecurity Operation and Maintenance Implementation Guide", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/file/2024-04-15/758d893a-4aca-4d95-808f-71b0dd5dfc80.pdf", "description": "On 19 March 2024, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) issued a national standard titled \"Cybersecurity technology - Implementation guide of cybersecurity operation and maintenance\". The guide aims to provide a comprehensive framework for organisations to establish, implement, evaluate, and improve their cybersecurity operation and maintenance practices. The guide outlines the necessary conditions for service providers and personnel, details the proces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-18", "title": "TC260 cybersecurity standard practice guidelines - sensitive personal information identification guidelines", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-09-18/1726621097544005928.pdf", "description": "On 18 September 2024, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) released the cybersecurity standard practice guidelines-sensitive personal information identification guidelines. The aim of the guidelines is to enhance the management and protection of sensitive personal information in accordance with Chinese data protection laws, including the cybersecurity law and the data security law. The guideline outlines specific rules for identifying sensitive persona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-06", "title": "Guideline on Measures for Enabling Various Industries with Artificial Intelligence in Guangdong Province", "url": "https://www.gd.gov.cn/zwgk/wjk/qbwj/ybh/content/post_4436455.html?mc_cid=3f585f207c&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province issued an outline for the thorough implementation of Several Measures for Enabling Various Industries with Artificial Intelligence in Guangdong Province. The initiative aims to accelerate the high-quality development of AI industries across various sectors. The measures include the establishment of an AI chip ecosystem, the development of intelligent perception industrial systems, and the enhancement of AI sof...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee guidance on social responsibility of data security and personal information protection", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=3DBA213287060D16E06397BE0A0A8119", "description": "On 1 March 2026, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) guidance on social responsibility of data security and personal information protection enters into force. The guidance outlines social responsibilities in relation to data security and personal information protection. The guidance groups these social responsibilities under the five key themes of organisational governance, compliance, innovation and value expression, fair operation, competition a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for internet platform data processing suspension", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-09-15/1757944571777024928.pdf", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the standard practice guidelines for internet platform data processing suspension. The guidance applies to internet platforms, including websites, applications, and mini-programs, specifically those processing over 10 million users’ data, that cease operations due to mergers, splits, dissolution, or bankruptcy. Platforms must classify data, stop new collection, and notify users of trans...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "Memorandum of Cooperation on Promoting Cross-Border Data Flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-09/09/c_1727568297293432.htm", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) and the Financial Affairs Bureau of the Macao signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on Promoting Cross-Border Data Flows in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The memorandum aims to promote the secure cross-border flow of information between the Mainland and Macao and to promote the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "Mandatory National Standard Labeling method for content generated by artificial intelligence (GB 45438-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn//gb/search/gbDetailed?id=301E0388CB75788DE06397BE0A0AE1B4", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's (TC260) standard titled \"Labeling method for content generated by artificial intelligence\" enters into force. The standard describes methods for the identification of AI-generated and synthetic content across various formats such as text, images, audio, and video by AI service providers and content dissemination service providers. The standard encompasses methods for both explicit and implicit labelli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines for Academic and Scientific Service Platforms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-09-15/1757913640136012491.pdf", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) released the cybersecurity standard practice guidelines – data security requirements for academic and scientific service platforms. The guidelines require operators to implement organisational management, user management, content management, emergency response, security auditing, and security risk assessments. Obligations include appointment of data security officers and management institutions...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines for Academic and Scientific Service Platforms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-09-15/1757913640136012491.pdf", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) released the cybersecurity standard practice guidelines – data security requirements for academic and scientific service platforms. The guidelines require public and non-public academic and scientific data to be stored separately, and non-public data collected or generated within the territory of the People’s Republic of China to be stored domestically. Storage of such data must use access cont...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-10", "title": "ASEAN-China Free Trade Area 3.0 Upgrade on Data Governance", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2024/10/Singapore-Substantially-Concludes-The-Asean-China-Free-Trade-Area-3-0-Upgrade-Negotiations", "description": "On 10 October 2024, the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) 3.0 Upgrade negotiations were concluded at the 27th ASEAN-China Summit. The upgrade, which commenced in 2022, represents the second such upgrade since the inception of the agreement in 2010. The ACFTA 3.0 Upgrade introduces comprehensive rules on data governance, covering a range of areas, including e-invoicing, digital identities, e-payments, digital trade standards, paperless trade, and digital infrastructure connectivity. It also...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-13", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology industry standards for AI office large model systems concerning technical requirements", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2024/art_6caf756fd2c64392a26b75d0b64aa48f.html", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT) closes its consultation on technical requirements for the artificial intelligence office large model system. The aforementioned standards were proposed as part of a larger set of 198 industry standards. The objective of these standards is to establish a uniform set of technical specifications for AI-powered office large model systems. The AI standards encompass a range of domains,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "TC260 cybersecurity standards practice guidelines", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20241021144234", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted cybersecurity standards practice guidelines. The guidelines' purpose is to regulate the drafting and management of the TC260 guidelines, which focus on cybersecurity laws, policies, standards, and current issues to promote cybersecurity knowledge and standardisation practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee 44 national cybersecurity standards", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20241104163902", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee adopted the approval process for 44 national cybersecurity standard projects. This initiative, under the guidance of the National Standards Administration and the Committee, mandates working groups and project lead units to adhere to standard formulation and revision procedures. The approved projects span across various sectors and are aimed at enhancing the security of national infrastructure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "Global Cooperation Initiative on Cross-Border Data Flows", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-11/20/c_1733706018163028.htm", "description": "On 20 November 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the Global Cooperation Initiative on Cross-Border Data Flows. The initiative outlines a framework for promoting secure, efficient, and transparent cross-border data flows. It emphasises balancing technological innovation, economic development, and national security with the protection of privacy, intellectual property, and public interests. The initiative includes recommendations for fostering international collaborat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "title": "Cyberspace Administration compliance guidelines for cross-border data transfers", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-11/19/c_1733709191596512.htm", "description": "On 19 November 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued guidelines for compliance with regulations on cross-border data transfers. These guidelines are based on Article 37 of the Cybersecurity Law, Article 31 of the Data Security Law, and Article 38 of the Personal Information Protection Law. The CAC noted that these regulations aim to balance data security with business needs and produced these guidelines to aid compliance. Article 37 of the Cybersecurity Law stipulates that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-12", "title": "National Data Administration guidelines for the construction of national data infrastructure", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202411/22/content_WS67407232c6d0868f4e8ed52e.html", "description": "On 1 December 2024, the National Data Administration (NDA) closes the consultation on its draft guidelines for the construction of national data infrastructure. The guidelines aim to enhance data circulation, utilisation, and security while fostering a unified national data market to support the digital economy. The National Data Infrastructure is defined as a cohesive framework combining hardware, software, algorithms, standards, and mechanisms to enable data collection, aggregation, transmi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "TC260 guide on generated AI service security emergency response", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250909095834", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee adopted the Guide on Generative Artificial Intelligence Service Security Emergency Response (V1.0-202509). The guide was prepared to implement the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services and to support service providers and other relevant entities in handling security incidents. It sets out methods for classifying and grading incidents, together with management and t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-04", "title": "TC260 cybersecurity standard practice guidelines-technical requirements for mobile internet minors mode", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250402160625", "description": "On 2 April 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee adopted the guideline on technical requirements for minor protection mode in mobile internet. The guideline applies to mobile internet application providers, mobile smart device manufacturers, and application distribution platforms, offering a framework for regulatory authorities and third-party assessments. It sets out technical requirements, including one-click activation and parental controls on devices, age-ba...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-02", "title": "CAC measures for certification of outbound personal information protection", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-01/03/c_1737600915141373.htm", "description": "On 3 February 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closes a public consultation on the measures for the certification of outbound personal information protection. The measures aim to standardise certification processes for outbound data transfers and ensure safe cross-border data flow. The measures apply to personal information processors within China, particularly those transferring data overseas, and require them to obtain certification from professional bodies to confirm comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "CAC Domestic Generative AI Services Filing List", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-03/17/c_1775482074695536.htm", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced that 48 new generative artificial intelligence (AI) services and 46 AI applications or functions completed their respective filing and registration procedures between January and February 2026. These administrative actions were conducted in accordance with the Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services to promote the regulated application of AI technologies. The Measures require pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-02", "title": "Cyberspace Administration regulations on management of multi-channel network organisations producing online content", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-01/10/c_1738209405008163.htm", "description": "On 9 February 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closes the consultation on draft regulations on the management of related business activities of multi-channel distribution service agencies of network information content. Multi-channel network (MCN) organisations are entities that support online content creators by providing services such as content production, marketing, and monetisation. The draft outlines requirements for MCNs operating within China, mandating registration,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "National Development and Reform Commission guidelines on promoting data labelling", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202501/t20250113_1395643.html", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Development and Reform Commissions, data management departments, finance departments (bureaus), and human resources and social security departments (bureaus) of all provinces and autonomous regions announced the release of guidelines to support the growth of the data-labelling industry in China, in support of artificial intelligence (AI) development. The guidelines outline plans to support this growth through favourable fiscal, financial, and tax policies to support da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on strengthening customer data security protection for internet data centers", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2025/art_1bbf7c744c994183abb3ad6148658960.html", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) adopted measures to enhance customer data security protection for Internet Data Centres (IDCs). The measures aim to ensure compliance with the Data Security Law and the Cybersecurity Law and focus on defining security responsibilities, improving institutional safeguards, and implementing tailored protections for customer data. Requirements include secure data processing, transmission and storage, as well as emergen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "TC260 Artificial Intelligence Safety Standard System (V1.0)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250124171028", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed its public consultation on the draft \"Artificial Intelligence Security Standard System (V1.0)”. The draft is designed to guide and standardise the development and application of AI technologies, ensuring their safe integration into various industries. This initiative aims to align with the \"Global Artificial Intelligence Governance Initiative\" and support the implementation of the \"Artificial In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-14", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee coding rules for service providers of AI generated synthetic content identification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250303215504", "description": "On 14 March 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines – Coding Rules for Service Providers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Synthetic Content Identification. The guideline aims to support the measures for identifying AI-generated synthetic content and the mandatory national standard method for identifying synthetic content in cybersecurity technology. It provides coding rules for synthesis servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-19", "title": "Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission 2025 Spring Festival network environment improvement campaign", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-01/19/c_1738899842680885.htm", "description": "On 19 January 2025, the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (CCAC) launched the \"Clear and Bright 2025 Spring Festival Network Environment Improvement\" campaign with the aim of supporting a constructive online atmosphere during the Spring Festival. The month-long initiative focuses on addressing issues such as extreme confrontation, misinformation, vulgar content, harmful cultural promotion, traffic diversion to illegal activities, and consumer rights violations. The CCAC noted that will as...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "title": "TC 260 Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines for Personal Rights Protection in Shake Advertising", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250716164907", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260), by issuance of Network Security Secret No.〔2025〕94, released the “Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide- Security Requirements for Shake-to-Trigger Advertising Behaviour”, version 1.0. The guide establishes basic principles for safeguarding personal rights and interests and defines security requirements concerning the activation of shake-triggered advertisements on mobile smart termina...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Cyberspace Administration guidelines on Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-02/14/c_1741233507681519.htm", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China introduced the Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit Guidelines to outline obligations under the Measures for the Administration of Compliance Audits on Personal Information Protection. The guidelines specify that compliance audits must assess the validity of consent, ensure minimal impact on individuals, and define durations for retaining personal information. Furthermore, the guide notes that personal information process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "Government access to data regulation in Personal Information Protection Law", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-08/20/content_5632486.htm", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) entered into force. The PIPL sets conditions under which government authorities may request, access, and use personal data held by private entities. In particular, government agencies must process personal data within their legal authority, follow prescribed procedures, and limit processing to what is necessary for their official duties. Foreign governments requesting access to personal data stored in China must obtain approva...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation outline on measures to regulate online trading platforms", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/mtjj/art/2025/art_01b8219fce284dfd8f49ecb80623fefd.html?mc_cid=b20eaae8e9&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 5 March 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) announced the measures to regulate online trading platforms, focusing on fair competition, merchant rights, and consumer protection. The measures address issues including platforms’ refund-only policies, automatic price-following mechanisms, and complex fee structures, requiring greater transparency and fairness. It also introduces oversight of live e-commerce, targeting false advertising and counterfeit goods, while manda...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology guiding opinion for compliance management by small and medium enterprises including network and data security", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/zcfg/zcwj/202503/t20250314_198181.html", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology published a guiding opinion aimed at strengthening compliance management among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), including network and data security compliance. The opinion highlights strengthened protections for information systems, networks, and data, the establishment of compliance management systems, data classification and access controls, and personnel and technical security measures. SMEs must identify and fi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's Online Certificate Status Protocol for key public cybersecurity infrastructure (GB/T 19713-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=2FF37940EAA4D753E06397BE0A0A413F#", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the national cybersecurity standard titled Cybersecurity Technology: Public Key Infrastructure, Online Certificate Status Protocol (GB/T 19713-2025) enters into force. This standard supersedes the previous version, GB/T 19713-2005, and introduces enhanced mechanisms for verifying the revocation status of digital certificates. By enabling real-time status checks, the protocol aims to strengthen the integrity of digital authentication systems and support secure online trans...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee standard on cybersecurity incident management: guidelines for incident response planning and preparation (cybersecurity incident management-part 2)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250320164703&norm_id=20250217154739&recode_id=58406", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a public consultation on cybersecurity incident management standard: Guidelines for incident response planning and preparation. The guidelines apply to organisations managing cybersecurity risks, including businesses and third-party incident management service providers. It outlines requirements for incident management policies, response planning, classification, reporting, collaboration, training, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee standard on requirements for audit and certification bodies for cybersecurity technology information security management system", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250320164746&norm_id=20250213110212&recode_id=58410", "description": "On 19 May 2025, China's National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC 260) closes its consultation on the standard on requirements for audit and certification bodies for cybersecurity technology information security management system. The standard applies to certification bodies auditing and certifying Information Security Management Systems, setting requirements to ensure competence, consistency, and impartiality. The standard introduces new definitions, revised competency c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee cybersecurity incident management standard: principles and processes (cybersecurity incident management-part 1)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250320164724&norm_id=20250228134656&recode_id=58408", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its consultation on the draft on cybersecurity incident management standard: principles and processes. This standard, which replaces GB/T 20985.1-2017, provides guidelines for managing cybersecurity incidents, including planning, response, and post-incident review. Updates include expanded terminology, enhanced documentation requirements, and alignment with international standards such as ISO/IEC 270...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Cybersecurity Law Amendment", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202510/content_7046194.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Cybersecurity Law Amendment enters into force. The amendment introduces a new article stipulating that cybersecurity governance shall follow the leadership of the Communist Party of China and align with the national security framework. It also expands the law to cover the development and oversight of artificial intelligence, including research, infrastructure, ethical standards, and supervision mechanisms. The provisions on personal information handling have been revise...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-04", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into platforms over misinformation and privacy violations", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/07/c_1745386537714292.htm", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Internet Information Office of the Cyberspace Administration of China announced an investigation into online platforms associated with the spread of misinformation and privacy violations within the “fan circle” community. The national-level investigation is part of ongoing content moderation efforts aimed at addressing issues related to user-generated content. The investigation focuses on the long-term removal and banning of accounts involved in disseminating unverified i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Cyberspace Administration guidelines on data outbound security management policy", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/09/c_1745906286623776.htm", "description": "On 9 April 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) released guidelines on data outbound security management policy. The release outlines the regulatory framework for cross-border data transfers, establishing that while general data faces no restrictions, important data and substantial personal information require security assessments before export. The guideline addresses negative list standardisation across free trade zones, criteria for identifying important data, cross-border tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-18", "title": "National Data Administration model contract for providing data to a recipient", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/form-files-sjj/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8a7537c-0243/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8ad7daf-0256/fileupload_scfj/2025/04/18/ff808081-95c633c9-0196-496076ba-74aa.pdf?id=ff808081-95c633c9-0196-496076ba-74aa", "description": "On 18 May 2025, the National Data Administration of China closes its consultation on a draft model contract for providing data to a recipient. This model contract sets out proposed terms for the lawful and secure transfer of data from one party to another, including provisions for specifying the type and scope of data, allocating data ownership and usage rights, addressing intellectual property and confidentiality, and establishing mechanisms for dispute resolution and data security compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-18", "title": "National Data Administration model contract for commissioned data processing", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/form-files-sjj/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8a7537c-0243/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8ad7daf-0256/fileupload_scfj/2025/04/18/ff808081-95c633c9-0196-49608068-74ab.pdf?id=ff808081-95c633c9-0196-49608068-74ab", "description": "On 18 May 2025, the National Data Administration of China closes its consultation on a draft Model Contract for Commissioned Data Processing for processing data on behalf of another party. This contract outlines obligations for data processors, including data security requirements, confidentiality obligations, restrictions on further delegation, procedures for data delivery and return, and compliance with applicable data protection requirements when handling data under instruction from a data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-18", "title": "National Data Administration model contract for merging data", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/form-files-sjj/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8a7537c-0243/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8ad7daf-0256/fileupload_scfj/2025/04/18/ff808081-95c633c9-0196-496087c4-74ac.pdf?id=ff808081-95c633c9-0196-496087c4-74ac", "description": "On 18 May 2025, the National Data Administration of China closes its consultation on a draft Model Contract for Data Fusion and Development, which sets out rules for merging data from multiple parties and generating shared datasets. The proposed text focuses on the integration and joint development of datasets from multiple contributing parties, specifying the scope of permissible use, roles and contributions of participants, arrangements for rights to derivative data, cost and benefit-sharin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-18", "title": "National Data Administration model contract for data intermediary services", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/form-files-sjj/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8a7537c-0243/2c99e457-8f9edeed-018f-b8ad7daf-0256/fileupload_scfj/2025/04/18/ff808081-95c633c9-0196-49608f6e-74ad.pdf?id=ff808081-95c633c9-0196-49608f6e-74ad", "description": "On 18 May 2025, the National Data Administration of China closes its consultation on a draft model contract for data intermediary services. This contract sets forth terms for third-party entities that facilitate data transactions, including obligations to remain neutral, requirements for record-keeping, duties of transparency towards transaction participants, and liability provisions in the event of contractual breaches or data-related incidents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's National Standards on Network Security Technology: Binary Sequence Randomness Detection Methods", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427104700&norm_id=20250213174640&recode_id=58906", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes its public consultation related to the Draft National Standards for Network Security Technology: Binary Sequence Randomness Detection Methods. The draft replaces the 2016 version and enhances randomness detection techniques for binary sequences, which are used in cybersecurity fields including encryption, authentication and secure communications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's cybersecurity technical standard concerning secret sharing mechanisms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427104800&norm_id=20250213110105&recode_id=58910", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes its consultation on the proposed cybersecurity technical standard concerning secret sharing mechanisms. The draft specifies general models and typical technical mechanisms for secret sharing, referencing international standards ISO/IEC 19592-1:2016 and ISO/IEC 19592-2:2017. It is intended to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of secret sharing technologies within cybersec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's cybersecurity standard for Quantum Key Distribution", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427104834&norm_id=20250214144951&recode_id=58912", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of the Standardisation Administration of China (TC260) closes its consultation on the draft national standard entitled Cybersecurity Technology Security Requirements, Test and Evaluation Methods for Quantum Key Distribution, Part 1: Requirements. The draft document presents a framework for the evaluation of quantum key distribution (QKD) modules, addressing risks related to both traditional network components and quantum optic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-21", "title": "Cyberspace Administration guidelines clarifying regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744259774719484.htm", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued guidance on the regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology. The guidance outlined the background to the Measures, including their basis in existing laws such as the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. It clarified that the Measures aim to regulate the processing of facial information while allowing space for research and development activities. The CAC confirmed that faci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-18", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into alleged monetisation of inappropriate online content involving minors", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/18/c_1746514950807894.htm", "description": "On 18 April 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced the results of an ongoing investigation targeting online accounts that allegedly monetised and exploited the images of minors. The investigation, based on citizen reports and routine monitoring, identified and removed over 11'000 accounts for behaviours including pranking children, staging false narratives, promoting inappropriate conduct, and distributing covert pornographic material. The authorities criticised such acts for ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China special campaign \"Clear and Bright: Rectification of Abuse of AI Technology\"", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/20/c_1752129980667315.htm", "description": "On 20 June 2025, the Central Cyberspace Affairs Office reported the results of the first phase of the \"Clear and Bright: Campaign to Curb AI Technology Misuse\", which was launched in April 2025. The campaign aimed to address issues such as AI-powered face-swapping and voice synthesis infringing on public rights and the lack of AI-generated content labelling. In the first phase, local cyberspace authorities intensified crackdowns on non-compliant AI products and severed marketing channels. The...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-05", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into mobile applications and SDKs over allegations of personal information violations", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/06/c_1748239411359045.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued a notice concerning personal data violations identified in 15 mobile applications and 16 software development kits (SDKs). The enforcement followed a joint investigation under the 2025 Personal Information Protection Special Operations campaign, led by the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration for Market Regulation. The notice cited violations of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-06", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology national standard \"Security Assurance Requirements for Mobile Communication Network Equipment - 5G Core Network Functions\"", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2025/art_c5278161c2974c7a977e27248c21636f.html", "description": "On 3 June 2025, the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) closes its public consultation on the recommended national standard Security Assurance Requirements for Mobile Communication Network Equipment – 5G Core Network Functions (20230127-T-339). The standard defines security requirements for 5G core network function equipment. It outlines specific security functions for components such as the Access and Mobility Management Function...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee on cybersecurity standard for IC card chips with central processing units", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427104929&norm_id=20250217085714&recode_id=58916", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its consultation on the draft national standard \"Security Specifications for IC Card Chips with Central Processing Units for Network Security Technology\". The draft standard is intended to replace GB/T 22186-2016 and sets out security objectives, technical requirements, and testing methods for integrated circuit card chips with a central processing unit. It includes specifications for cryptog...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard \"Network Security Technology Mobile Terminal Security Technical Specifications\"", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427105007&norm_id=20250410110144&recode_id=58918", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its consultation on the draft national standard 'Network Security Technology Mobile Terminal Security Technical Specifications' (GB/T 35278-202X). The consultation, which commenced on 25 April 2025, sought feedback on the draft standard that outlines security functional requirements and security assurance requirements for mobile terminals and provides testing and evaluation methods, applicabl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-05", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's cybersecurity standard practice guide-personal information protection compliance audit requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250427144040", "description": "On 6 May 2025, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed its public consultation on the \"Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide - Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit Requirements (Draft for Comments V1.0-202504)\". The consultation, which commenced on 28 April 2025, sought feedback on technical guidance for conducting compliance audits related to personal information protection, aiming to standardise audits, protect personal informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee cybersecurity standards covering operational security and automated decision-making", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250409161207", "description": "On 1 October 2025, 6 cybersecurity national standards developed by the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee enter into force. They address a range of cybersecurity and data governance issues. These include technical specifications for operational security management products (GB/T 45409-2025), capability requirements for data security assessment institutions (GB/T 45389-2025), and security requirements for automated decision-making based on personal information (G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-21", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology investigation into 52 mobile applications and SDKs over alleged infringement of personal information protection regulations", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/xwfb/gxdt/sjdt/art/2025/art_863385e3fb894d66be8451066e8ac5b6.html", "description": "On 21 April 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) released a notice identifying 52 mobile applications (APPs) and software development kits (SDKs) that were found to violate personal information protection regulations. The findings were based on random spot checks conducted by third-party testing institutions, carried out under the 2025 Special Enforcement Action for Personal Information Protection jointly initiated by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Min...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-04", "title": "Xinxiang Municipal Party Committee Cyberspace Affairs Office investigation into engineering company over alleged Cybersecurity Law non-compliance", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/moDrzcHQc8uFz3xPa-gzyQ", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the Xinxiang Municipal Party Committee Cyberspace Affairs Office imposed an administrative fine of CNY 30’000 on a local engineering company for non-compliance with Article 21(3) of the Cybersecurity Law. The company failed to enable and retain network security logs for the required 6 month period in its cross-border office system, which impeded traceability during a data outbound transfer investigation. The penalty was based on insufficient adherence to baseline network secu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration 2025 Internet of Vehicles action plan", "url": "https://shca.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/art/2025/art_948a4eafae5e46d4bf2d483c4f049c0b.html", "description": "On 31 July 2025, enterprises subject to the 2025 Internet of Vehicles (IoV) action plan adopted by the Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration must complete the security classification filing for their vehicle networking platforms, infrastructure, and systems. This requirement applies to IoV service providers, including platform operators and intelligent connected vehicle manufacturers operating in Shanghai. The classification process must follow national standards such as the Cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "2025 joint enforcement campaign on personal information protection", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202503/content_7016226.htm", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly announced the launch of the 2025 Special Enforcement Action for Personal Information Protection. The campaign aims to address widespread unlawful and non-compliant practices in the collection and use of personal data across commonly used digital services and everyday settings. Focus areas incl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "Cyberspace Administration Order No. 45 on Artificial Intelligence Meteorological Application Service Methods", "url": "https://www.cma.gov.cn/gzk/202504/t20250429_7036854.html", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-01-06 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning Cyberspace Administration Order No. 45 on Artificial Intelligence Meteorological Application Service Methods. See the linked cma.gov.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-29", "title": "China-SCO Construction Plan for the AI Application Cooperation Centre", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202505/content_7025803.htm", "description": "On 29 May 2025, China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) released the Construction Plan for the China-SCO AI Application Cooperation Centre, inviting SCO member states to jointly build an artificial intelligence (AI) application cooperation centre. The initiative focuses on strengthening practical collaboration in areas including solidifying the foundation for AI development, providing open-source services, enhancing industrial cooperation, and promoting talent cultivation, with ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee network security technology computer basic input and output system security technical specification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250530155606&norm_id=20250528164748&recode_id=59160", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the consultation on the draft national standard network security technology computer basic input and output system (BIOS) security technical specification. The draft outlines security technical requirements for BIOS, including access control, integrity measurement, backup and recovery, and interface management, inviting stakeholders to submit feedback.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee standard on network security technology internet malware definition and description format", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250530155543&norm_id=20221102152558&recode_id=59158", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the consultation for the draft national standard network security technology internet malware definition and description format. The draft standard, developed by standard drafting units, outlines definitions, classifications, naming conventions, and description formats for internet malware, including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and greyware.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee standard for auditing information security management systems for cybersecurity technology", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250530155508&norm_id=20250213105504&recode_id=59156", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its public consultation on the draft national standard Guidelines for Auditing Information Security Management Systems for Cybersecurity Technology (GB/T 28450—XXXX/ISO/IEC 27007:2020). The consultation, which opened on 30 May 2025, covered auditing frameworks, risk assessment alignment, and auditor competencies for information security management systems (ISMS). Feedback submitted during the consul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee standard on security configuration baselines for government cloud platforms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250530155435&norm_id=20250508120639&recode_id=59154", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its public consultation on the draft national standard Cybersecurity Technology—Baseline Requirements for Security Configuration of Government Clouds. The draft sets out baseline security configuration requirements for government cloud platforms, covering components such as cloud management systems, virtual machines, containers, databases, host operating systems, and cloud security tools. The draft ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-07", "title": "National Data Standardisation Technical Committee technical requirements for national integrated computing power network", "url": "https://www.tc609.org.cn/portal/article/2/4b8fe2591956431abbd56a856ef3c66d?mc_cid=61f4c0d042&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 6 July 2025, the National Data Standardisation Technical Committee (TC 609) closes its public consultation on seven technical documents, which opened on 7 June 2025, concerning computing power grid integration, resource management, billing standards, efficiency metrics, operational services, monitoring interfaces, and center capabilities. These documents are part of the standardisation framework supporting China's national computing power network strategy and were developed under the guida...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Supervision and Management Measures for Live Streaming E-commerce", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/07/c_1769516655383334.htm", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Supervision and Management Measures for Live Streaming E-commerce enter into force. The Measures require platform operators to establish network and data security protection mechanisms, ensure transaction data integrity, and retain transaction and operational data for statutory periods. The Measures link enforcement to the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China and require cooperation with regulatory supervision and investigations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission and State Administration for Market Regulation standardisation guidelines for development and governance of intelligent society", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/10/c_1751286506158221.htm?mc_cid=7b18358a76&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-10-06 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission and State Administration for Market Regulation standardisation guidelines for development and governance of intelligent society. See the linked cac.gov.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-17", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Administration national standard on guidelines for storage security of network security technology", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250618163204&norm_id=20250213104220&recode_id=59300", "description": "On 17 August 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Administration closes the consultation on the national standard on guidelines for storage security of network security technology. The standard applies to entities involved in the ownership, operation, or use of data storage devices, media, and networks, including those responsible for information security, procurement, and infrastructure design. It modifies and supplements the International Organization for Standardization's stand...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-17", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Committee's national standard on network security technology product interoperability on threat information format", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250618112449&norm_id=20250527135409&recode_id=59292", "description": "On 17 August 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Committee closes consultation on a national standard on network security technology product interoperability on threat information format. The standard applies to providers of cybersecurity products and services that handle or exchange threat intelligence, including intrusion detection and threat analysis platforms. It proposes a structured format for describing and exchanging threat information, introducing standardised components...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Cyberspace Administration measures on methods for classifying online information that may affect the physical and mental health of minors", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/23/c_1770728781060093.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the classification measures for online information that may affect the physical and mental health of minors enter into force. The measures establish a regulatory framework to identify, classify, and manage lawful online information that may negatively influence minors’ physical or mental health, complementing existing Laws on Minors’ Protection, Cybersecurity, and Personal Information Protection. They define such information as lawful online content that may induce unsafe beh...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee inquiry into artificial intelligence security standardisation application practice cases", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250613165124", "description": "On 16 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on the standardised application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) security. The consultation applies to AI service providers and related entities that have implemented national cybersecurity standards across areas such as algorithm security, AI platform security, and training data protection. Applicants are required to submit documentation demonstrating how standards, inclu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Cyberspace Administration's regulations on the application of the administrative penalty discretion benchmarks of Cyberspace Administration Departments", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/27/c_1752736438534532.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Cyberspace Administration’s Regulations on the Application of the Administrative Penalty Discretion Benchmarks of Cyberspace Administration Departments enter into force. The regulations aim to standardise how cyberspace administration departments exercise administrative penalty discretion and to safeguard the legal rights of individuals and organisations. They define benchmark levels of penalties, including no punishment, reduced, lenient, general, and severe penalties. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "TC260 Guidelines on Cybersecurity Protection for AI-Generated Synthetic Content Identification Metadata", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250828165129", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity Standards (TC260) adopted the Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide — Artificial Intelligence Generated Synthetic Content Identification Method: File Metadata Implicit Identification Security Protection Technical Guide, which provides technical implementation requirements and reference formats for security protection of implicit identification in file metadata, in alignment with the mandatory national standard GB 45438-2025 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "TC260 Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guideline AI-Generated Synthetic Content Detection, Part 1: Framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250828165129", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity Standardisation (TC260) adopted the Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide Detection of Artificial Intelligence Generated Synthetic Content Part 1: Framework, providing a structured technical framework to implement Section 6 of the Administrative Provisions on the Labelling of Artificial Intelligence Generated Synthetic Content. The Guide specifies objectives, detection processes, algorithms, and service encapsulation require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-27", "title": "Cyberspace Administration guidelines on Declaring Data Export Security Assessments (Third Edition)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/27/c_1752652339765002.htm", "description": "On 27 June 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China compiled the Guidelines for Declaring Data Export Security Assessments (Third Edition). The guidelines aim to guide and help data processors declare data export security assessments in a standardised and orderly manner. They optimise and simplify the materials data processors need to submit for assessment and clarify the conditions, procedures, and materials required for applying for an extension of the assessment validity period. The gu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigations into allegedly fraudulent accounts on online platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/11/c_1753948519899129.htm", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) took legal action against four fraudulent accounts. These accounts posed as news organisations, government agencies, and businesses. The accounts were closed or banned, and in some cases, their profit-making rights were suspended. As a result of the enforcement actions, platforms were directed to strengthen account verification and reporting mechanisms and conduct internal reviews. The enforcement action resulted in the removal of ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Key Action Points for Informatisation and Industrialisation Integration in 2025", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/xwfb/gxdt/sjdt/art/2025/art_3bfc098efe044dd7ad56cc298c8d87c4.html", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) released the Key Action Points for Informatisation and Industrialisation Integration in 2025, comprising 17 items under five aspects. The document outlines strategic and operational measures to advance the integrated development of industrialisation and informatisation. A key focus is on supporting research and development on integrating artificial intelligence into industrial models and developing guidelines for the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "Cyberspace Administration inquiry into personal information protection practices", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/16/c_1754293025717440.htm", "description": "On 16 July 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the launch of a nationwide inquiry into personal information protection practices. The initiative aims to gather information concerning the current state of personal information protection, standardise processing activities, and safeguard individual rights related to personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "title": "National Standardisation Administration's national standard on information security technology on cryptographic device application interface specification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250715152423", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) announced the revision of the recommended national standard on information security technology on cryptographic device application interface specification. It was highlighted that the revision project would run from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, aiming to define interface specifications to ensure secure and interoperable integration of cryptographic devices into information systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard pertaining to cybersecurity techniques focusing on incident investigation principles and processes", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141508&norm_id=20250214093149&recode_id=59428", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard pertaining to cybersecurity techniques focusing on incident investigation principles and processes. The standard covers readiness, acquisition, analysis, and preservation of digital evidence, to enable investigative methods to ensure compliance and efficacy in various digital environments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard pertaining to implementation guide for monitoring and warning of critical information infrastructure", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141531069820&norm_id=20250213140645&recode_id=59430", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the consultation on the national standard pertaining to an implementation guide for monitoring and warning of critical information infrastructure. The consultation sought inputs on a framework designed to guide security monitoring and early warning activities specific to critical information infrastructure, in alignment with the requirements of the Cybersecurity Law and rele...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard on cybersecurity product interoperability focusing on behavior Information format", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141609&norm_id=20250707161730&recode_id=59434", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard on cybersecurity product interoperability, focusing on behavior Information format. The standard sets a unified format for recording and sharing behaviour information focusing on data on terminal, network, and other system activities, to support interoperability between cybersecurity products. The standard applies to cybe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard on network security technology focusing on Email systems", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141709&norm_id=20250515150637&recode_id=59436", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard on network security technology focusing on Email systems. The standard applies to providers and operators of email systems across all sectors. The draft expands requirements to include anti-phishing, internal spam detection, threat intelligence support, and enhanced infrastructure security. It also establishes two securit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard on cybersecurity technology focusing on capability requirements and evaluation specification for assessment organisation of classified protection of cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141744&norm_id=20250214092223&recode_id=59438", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the consultation on capability requirements and evaluation specifications for cybersecurity classified protection assessment organisations. The draft sets detailed rules on organisational structure, assessor qualifications, technical capabilities, management systems, and security measures. It introduces classification of organisations into three service levels, strengthens re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard on cybersecurity technology Information system security assurance assessment framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141801&norm_id=20250214150722&recode_id=59440", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard on cybersecurity technology Information system security assurance assessment framework. It applies to information system builders, operators, and evaluators, setting a unified framework of security function and assurance components, defining five capability maturity levels. It also details requirements for organisational ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's draft national standard on technical requirements for network security technology and network storage security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141817&norm_id=20250424185259&recode_id=59442", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard on technical requirements for network security technology and network storage security. It applies to providers and operators of block, file, object, and big data storage services. The draft adds new obligations on resource isolation, access control, auditing, communication security, supporting system protection, product ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's standard on Cybersecurity Technology -- Interconnection and Interoperability of cybersecurity products on functional interfaces", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250715141833&norm_id=20250424184621&recode_id=59444", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the standard on Cybersecurity Technology — Interconnection and Interoperability of cybersecurity products on functional interfaces. The standard applies to cybersecurity vendors and users in sectors including government, telecommunications, and finance. The standard establishes unified communication protocols, security requirements, and data formats...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-08", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's personal information protection guideline for scan-to-order services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250716164841", "description": "On 4 August 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on the draft cybersecurity standard practice guide on personal information protection requirements for scan-to-order services. The consultation sought input on standardising personal information protection within the scope of scan-to-order services used by various businesses. The guide applies to third-party providers offering such scan-to-order digital services. The guide seeks to prevent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-26", "title": "Action Plan on Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202507/content_7033929.htm", "description": "On 26 July 2025, the Government of China announced the Action Plan on global governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference. The Action Plan focuses on the development and governance of AI systems across the public and private sectors. The Plan encourages inclusive participation, particularly from the Global South, outlining 13 voluntary commitments, focusing on AI infrastructure, including clean energy systems and interoperable computing networks. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-27", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee standard on personal information protection requirements for minors' products and services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250729163250&norm_id=20250723112946&recode_id=59570", "description": "On 27 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard titled Data Security Technology: Personal Information Protection Requirements for Minors' Products and Services. The draft standard, developed under the coordination of the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), sets out graded requirements for the protection of personal information in products and services directed at...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-27", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee national standard on technical requirements for minors mode in mobile internet", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250729163316&norm_id=20250722165851&recode_id=59572", "description": "On 27 September 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard titled Cybersecurity technology: Technical requirements for minors mode in mobile internet. The draft standard specifies technical requirements for the implementation of minors mode in mobile smart terminals, mobile internet applications, and mobile internet application distribution platforms. It outlines provisions for o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-27", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee national standard industrial control system cybersecurity protection capability maturity model", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250729163355&norm_id=20250429160233&recode_id=59574", "description": "On 27 September 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard titled Cybersecurity Technology: Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Protection Capability Maturity Model. The draft, prepared in accordance with GB/T 1.1—2020 and intended to replace GB/T 41400—2022, establishes a capability maturity model comprising three structural dimensions, capability elements (organisational structures, instituti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into self-media accounts over dissemination of false information", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202507/content_7034303.htm?mc_cid=33e180163c&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the Secretariat of the Cyberspace Administration of China launched a two-month nationwide enforcement action under the 2025 \"Clear and Bright\" series by announcing a special campaign to clear up and rectify the release of false information by \"self-media\". The investigation focuses on curbing violations such as public opinion manipulation, distortion of facts using Artificial Intelligence (AI), and dissemination of unverified content. The campaign's goal is to enhance informa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-08", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology assessment of applications' compliance with Personal Information Protection Law", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/xgj/gzdt/art/2025/art_eae96df5f3c043aca3d280ee3d4036d1.html", "description": "On 4 August 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of the People’s Republic of China issued a formal notice to 23 mobile applications and software development kits (SDKs) found to be in breach of national requirements for data governance and personal information protection. The MIIT’s compliance inspection found multiple categories of violations, including unauthorised or excessive collection of personal information, frequent and coercive permission requests, and aty...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into Nvidia over alleged backdoor security risks in chips", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/31/c_1755675743897163.htm", "description": "On 31 July 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) initiated a formal investigation into Nvidia Corporation concerning reported security features in the company's semiconductor products. The CAC requested that Nvidia provide technical documentation and explanations regarding specific security functionalities present in its H20 computing chips distributed in the Chinese market. The investigation references two primary technical considerations. First, previous legislative discussions...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Information Technology Security Policy on Public Key Infrastructure Security Management Protocols (GB/T 19714-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=3B46A026CC5C469CE06397BE0A0AEEB8", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Information Technology Security Policy on Public Key Infrastructure Security Management Protocols (GB/T 19714-2025) enters into force. It fully replaces the earlier GB/T 19714-2005 version. The standard defines the communication protocols for certificate management between components within a public key infrastructure. The standard unifies the formats of public key infrastructure and simplifies system component docking. It also provides a reference for the design, deve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Public Key Infrastructure Component Minimum Interoperability Specifications (GB/T 19771-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=3B46A026CC92469CE06397BE0A0AEEB8", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) Public Key Infrastructure Component Minimum Interoperability Specifications (GB/T 19771-2025) enters into force. It fully replaces the earlier GB/T 19771-2005 version. The new standard specifies the basic functional requirements for the interoperability of public key infrastructure components, provides data formats and evaluation methods, and is applicable to the design, development, testing and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-31", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation measures on supervision and administration of implementation of food safety subject responsibility in live e-commerce", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/hd/zjdc/art/2025/art_46c51975837743f0bdc99649e6e9db80.html", "description": "On 31 August 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) closes the consultation on the regulations on the supervision and administration of the implementation of food safety subject responsibilities in live e-commerce. The draft regulations, structured into five chapters and twenty-five articles, were developed to implement full-chain food safety regulatory requirements in the live e-commerce sector, assigning defined responsibilities to live e-commerce platform operators, li...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Timestamp Specification for Public Key Infrastructure (GB/T 20520-2025)", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=9206A63926979D3FF92DFB70EBA72023", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Timestamp Specification for Public Key Infrastructure (GB/T 20520-2025) enters into force. It replaces the earlier GB/T 20520-2006 version. The standard defines the technical specifications for time-stamping, to be used in scenarios such as online transactions, electronic medical records, and online bidding. It aims to reduce the complexity...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Guidelines for Information Security Risk Management in Cybersecurity Technologies (GB/T 31722-2025)", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=58A89BA3D1BC85CAA1B6612AE6A7080C", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) Guideline for Information Security Risk Management in Cybersecurity Technologies (GB/T 31722-2025) enters into force. The standard replaces GB/T 31722-2015 in its entirety. It applies to organisations that establish and implement their own Information Security Management Systems and outlines methodologies aligned with current international practices for information security risk management.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Security Framework for Artificial Intelligence Computing Platforms (GB/T 45958-2025)", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=32BCE5E761A1598E64B589FEC09501AB", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) Framework for Artificial Intelligence Computing Platforms (GB/T 45958-2025) enters into force. It is applicable to all stages of the design cycle of artificial intelligence computing platforms. The standard establishes a security framework for artificial intelligence computing platforms and specifies security functions, security management, and role security responsibilities. The standard aims to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee AI security standard application practice cases", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250826152601", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-01-09 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee AI security standard application practice cases. See the linked tc260.org.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Committee's national standard on guidelines and evaluation methods for personal information anonymisation", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250827154341&norm_id=20250815122220&recode_id=59762", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Committee closes the consultation on the national standard on guidelines and evaluation methods for personal information anonymisation. The standard applies to organisations processing personal data in China, including internet platforms, cloud providers, financial institutions, and research bodies. The standard sets out requirements for irreversible anonymisation, distinguishes anonymisation from pseudonymisation, prescribes tech...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Committee's national standard on cybersecurity technology focusing on internet of things security reference model and general requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250827154408&norm_id=20250730092749&recode_id=59764", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Committee closes the consultation on a national standard for cybersecurity technology, focusing on the Internet of Things (IoT) security reference model and general requirements. The standard applies to all organisations developing or operating IoT systems across their entire lifecycle. It introduces a three-dimensional security framework with four distinct security zones and lifecycle-mapped requirements. The standard introduces ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology Ethics Management Service Measures", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/jscx/gjsfz/art/2025/art_092a447008f340d3abd55819b8c8e5cf.html?mc_cid=4ece4148b7&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with other departments, opened a public consultation on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Science and Technology Ethics Management Service Measures (Trial) until 22 September 2025. The draft measures aim to implement the Global AI Governance Initiative and the AI Global Governance Action Plan by standardising the governance of AI ethics. They seek to coordinate AI development with high-level security, promoting the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China special campaign on inappropriate online behaviour and harmful content involving veterans", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/12/c_1764671259693122.htm", "description": "On 12 November 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published information regarding a number of typical cases handled as part of its investigation into illegal and irregular online accounts involving veterans as part of the “Special Campaign to Rectify Inappropriate Behaviour and Harmful Information Involving Veterans Online.” The investigation directed online platforms to remove or sanction accounts found to have violated regulations by posting vulgar or sexually suggestive con...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into internet news and information services irregularities", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/10/c_1759136618754926.htm", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced enforcement measures aimed at rectifying irregularities in internet news and information services. These measures addressed issues such as the unauthorised use of news organisation identities, the illegal gathering and editing of news without appropriate licences, the misuse of news programme images to mislead audiences, and the dissemination of false or misleading information. Enforcement actions included the closur...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-09", "title": "Cyberspace Administration special campaign clear and bright optimising the business network environment", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/11/c_1759223003949619.htm", "description": "On 11 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) released the second batch of typical cases under its campaign clear and bright, optimising the business network environment. The enforcement focused on practices that undermine the online business environment, targeting illegal and irregular accounts across platforms including WeChat, Weibo, Douyin, Toutiao, Baidu and Xiaohongshu. The cases involved accounts coercing companies into paid collaborations through negative publicat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-09", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into Xiaohongshu platform over alleged failure to fulfil information content management responsibilities", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/11/c_1759309511257125.htm", "description": "On 11 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued an interim ruling in its investigation of the Xiaohongshu platform. The CAC stated that the platform did not adequately manage information content, citing the frequent placement of celebrity updates and trivial terms in prominent positions on the hot search list. According to the Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Network Information Content, the CAC instructed the Shanghai Cyberspace Administration to conduct ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee's Artificial Intelligence Safety Governance Framework (Version 2.0)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/15/c_1759653448369123.htm", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee adopted the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Safety Governance Framework 2.0, establishing safety governance for AI applications across all sectors. The framework applies to AI developers, deployers, and operators throughout the Chinese economy, including technology companies and research institutions. It introduces a five-tier security risk classification system from \"minimal\" to \"extremely serious\" based on pot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into UC platform over alleged failure to manage harmful content", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/23/c_1760346458857084.htm", "description": "On 23 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued an order directing the Guangdong cyberspace regulator to act against UC platform for failing to manage information content. The platform allowed sensitive case terms, online violence, and minor privacy breaches on hot search lists. Authorities ordered interviews, corrections, warnings, and accountability measures under the Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Network Information Content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Plus International Cooperation Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202509/content_7042023.htm?mc_cid=526928f679&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 23 September 2025, China announced the \"Artificial Intelligence Plus\" International Cooperation Initiative at the United Nations General Assembly, advocating for global collaboration on artificial intelligence (AI). This initiative calls on all countries to implement \"AI+\" actions tailored to their national conditions, fostering policy exchanges and practical cooperation and promotes integration of AI technology with economic and social development. The initiative outlines five areas for i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology investigation into internet of things (IoT) devices infringing data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/xgj/gzdt/art/2025/art_c5fe23fd370746c9bb8a50751390e374.html", "description": "On 22 October 2025, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued a notice listing 20 Internet of Things (IoT) devices found to be collecting and using personal information illegally. The MIIT has ordered the producers of these devices to rectify their practices according to the regulation. The notice is part of a series of special actions on personal data protection conducted jointly by MIIT and other government agencies. The 20 smart terminals identified in the n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Measures for Authentication of Personal Information Exported Abroad (Order No. 20)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202510/content_7044914.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation Measures for the Authentication of Personal Information Exported Abroad (Order No. 20) enter into force. These measures apply to personal information processors who provide personal information outside the People's Republic of China through personal information protection certification. The measures define personal information export certification as a conformity assessment by professi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center investigation into mobile applications illegally collecting and using personal information", "url": "https://www.cverc.org.cn/zxdt/report20250910.htm", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Center (NCVERC) published a report identifying 69 mobile applications found to be illegally collecting and using personal information. This action, conducted from 30 July 2025 to 31 August 2025 in accordance with the Cyber Security Law and Personal Information Protection Law, revealed multiple violations. These included 24 applications failing to adequately inform users about privacy policies, 31 applications lacking detaile...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Data Security Protection Framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/file/2025-10-30/f5fa7670-f5ad-4a1a-893b-291ce8f2b3a5.docx", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the National Technical Committee closes the consultation on the Data Security Protection Framework. The framework classifies data into three categories: general, important, and core, mandating that data processors fulfil corresponding security obligations aligned with national standards. Data processors must classify their data and identify and report their important and core data catalogues to authorities. Processors of important data must secure the full data lifecycle,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's inquiry on cybersecurity insurance services", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2025/art_73feaa41a80b4010981a9169499ab26d.html?mc_cid=0dbacc0fc1&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 4 November 2025, China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued a joint notice launching the second batch of pilot programmes for cybersecurity insurance services. The program applies to sectors including telecommunications, internet, industry, finance, and other critical industries, including energy and healthcare. It seeks to expand cybersecurity insurance coverage, strengthen standards, and promote innovation in risk management and financial–technology integration...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-12", "title": "Administrative Measures for Cybersecurity Identification", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/21/c_1765450099503494.htm", "description": "On 6 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China closes the consultation on the draft administrative measures for cybersecurity identification. The draft measures set out a framework for the use of cybersecurity labels, which can be used to certify the cybersecurity levels of products with internet connectivity functions. Producers are encouraged to make use of these labels for their own products. The draft measures set out a tiered rating system, based on the level of cybersecurity...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into mobile internet applications over non-compliance with AI-generated and synthesised content identification requirements", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/25/c_1765795550841819.htm", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued a ruling in its investigation into mobile internet applications that failed to comply with requirements for the identification of AI-generated and synthesised content, stating that penalties including warnings, orders to rectify within a specified period and removal from app stores were imposed in accordance with laws and regulations. The ruling identified that AI-generated composite service providers failed to add explicit id...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Measures for Network Data Security Risk Assessment", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/06/c_1766578179367262.htm?mc_cid=f9eb39b944&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closes the consultation on the draft measures for network data security risk assessments. The draft regulation defines the scope and procedures for conducting network data security risk assessments under the Data Security Law and related instruments. Risk assessment covers the identification, analysis, and evaluation of risks associated with network data and data processing activities. Data processors handling important data must...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee Framework for Public Key Cryptography Application Technology in Network Security (GB/T 46795-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13D6ACB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) Framework for Public Key Cryptography Application Technology in Network Security (GB/T 46795-2025) enters into force. The standard applies to all public-key cryptography technologies and products. It establishes a four-layer framework, including a cryptographic device layer, a general cryptographic service layer, a typical cryptographic service layer, and a cryptographic infrastructure layer. (effect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Statement of readiness to cooperate with ASEAN", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/04/c_1766577618173846.htm", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Initiative on Deepening China-ASEAN Cooperation on Digital Governance, including commitments regarding cybersecurity. The objective is to enhance the capacity for responding to and analysing cybersecurity incidents, provide mutual assistance for cross-border cybersecurity incidents, and ensure the secure operation of important information systems. The initiative also focuses on strengthening the sharing of threat informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "TC260 Standard Information Technology Security Technology - Network Security Part 6: Wireless Network Access Security (GB/T 25068.6-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13DA6CB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s (TC260) Standard Information Technology Security Technology - Network Security Part 6: Wireless Network Access Security (GB/T 25068.6-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out security threats, requirements, controls, and design for wireless network access security and, based on GB/T 25068.2, provides guidance for selecting, implementing, and supervising technical security architectures for users resp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "TC260 Standard Data Security Technology - Security Requirements for Data Transaction Services (GB/T 37932-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13D69CB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s (TC260) Standard Data Security Technology - Security Requirements for Data Transaction Services (GB/T 37932-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out security requirements for data-transaction services covering participants, platforms, targets, and processes. It applies to data providers, data demanders, data-transaction institutions, data vendors, and third-party data-service institutions, and to aut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Measures for the management of industrial technology infrastructure public service platforms (MIIT No. 261 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202512/content_7050941.htm", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued the Measures for the management of industrial technology infrastructure public service platforms (MIIT No. 261 of 2025), which entered into force on the same day. The Measures set up an accreditation system industrial technology infrastructure public service platforms, defined as organisations which provide foundational technical support services for key industries such as information technology, artificial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "TC260 standard security requirements for blockchain consensus mechanisms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/eb3482ff081a4adb9ba5240a533913e7", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its standard on security requirements for blockchain consensus mechanisms. The standard sets out security requirements for blockchain consensus mechanisms, which ensure that consensus nodes agree on a series of orderly transaction sequences, thus enabling consistent transaction data. The standard describes the operation of different types of consensus mechanisms, sets ou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "TC260 standard security requirements for public data opening", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/0f18c08d21dc491b896b22667046ae58", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its consultation on its standard on security requirements for public data opening. The standard sets out security requirements for the public data opening process, public data open platforms, and monitoring and evaluation of public data opening.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "TC260 standard security requirements for cryptographic modules", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/fba1a787d73e441d9f8a617e375cdbb1", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its consultation on its standard on security requirements for cryptographic modules. The standard sets out security requirements for cryptographic modules, which include hardware, software, and embedded firmware. The standard establishes a tiered system with four safety levels, functional safety objectives, and security requirements for specific components.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Anti-competitive agreements regulation in Rules on Internet Platform Pricing Behaviour", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/20/c_1767870953332182.htm", "description": "On 10 April 2026, the rules on internet platform pricing behaviour issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) come into force. Under Article 16 and in accordance with the Price Law of China, platform operators and businesses operating on the platform are prohibited from using platform rules, data, or algorithms to collude on price manipulation, thereby infringing upon ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cybersecurity standards practice guide on cross-border processing protection requirements for personal information in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Mainland and Macao)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/3f38914c88dc4b0a8d98d9b8d1757615", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the public consultation, which had been open since 22 December 2025, on the Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide on cross-border processing protection requirements for personal information in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (Mainland and Macao). The consultation concerned technical guidance on the protection of personal information in cross-border processing between Mainland China and the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Interactive Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558395078289.htm", "description": "On 15 July 2026, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Artificial Intelligence Interaction Services enter into force. Article 8 prohibits providers of anthropomorphic artificial intelligence interaction services from generating content that endangers national security, honour, or interests, incites subversion of state power or the socialist system, promotes terrorism, extremism, or historical nihilism, violates socialist core values, spreads obscenity, gambling, viole...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-25", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Interactive Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/27/c_1768571207311996.htm", "description": "On 25 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China closes the consultation on the draft Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Interactive Artificial Intelligence Services, including artificial intelligence authority governance. The measures apply to anthropomorphic interactive AI services, defined as services that simulate human personality, thinking patterns, and communication styles and interact with humans through text, pictures, audio, video, or by other means...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-31", "title": "Submission timeline for audit reports on compliance with Regulations on Protection of Minors on the Internet", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/29/c_1768735145606358.htm", "description": "On 31 January 2026, the deadline ends for submitting audit reports required under the Regulations on the Protection of Minors on the Internet. Article 37 requires personal information processors to conduct annual compliance audits of their handling of minors’ personal information and to submit the audit report to the municipal-level cyberspace administration by the end of January each year via the “Personal Information Protection Business System”. Failure to comply may result in legal consequ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-18", "title": "Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide - Industrial Enterprise Data Security Capability Maturity Model", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/343929bd2986413a8315edc338813a8b", "description": "On 18 January 2026, China’s National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation, which has been open since 4 January 2026, on the draft Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide - Industrial Enterprise Data Security Capability Maturity Model. The Practice Guide sets out an industrial enterprise data security capability maturity model and maturity level evaluation methods. Further, the Practice Guide defines capability elements, five maturity levels, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Guidelines for the filing of professional certification bodies for cross-border transfer of personal information", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/30/c_1768735664909127.htm", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China published guidelines for the filing of professional certification bodies for cross-border transfer of personal information. Article 12 of the Measures for the Certification of Personal Information Cross-Border Transfers set out the filing process for professional certification bodies, which data processors seeking to provide personal information abroad using the certification mechanism can apply to for certification. The Guidelines p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Technical Specifications for Security Functions of Artificial Intelligence Acceleration Chips (V1.0-202601)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/208ca44e84ca4e4ca44a63d2139f76fd", "description": "On 12 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the Network Security Standard Practice Guide — Technical Specifications for Security Functions of Artificial Intelligence Acceleration Chips (V1.0-202601). The document provides systematic security technical requirements and assessment methods for artificial intelligence (AI) acceleration chips, focusing on components such as acceleration computing cores, control units, memory units, and interco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee standard Cybersecurity technology - Identity-based cryptographic algorithms SM9 -- Part 2: Algorithms (Plan No. 20257073-T-469)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=473EA9D19D6A3D1CE06397BE0A0AE50C", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee issued the recommended national standard Plan No. 20257073-T-469 to revise the standard Cybersecurity technology - Identity-based cryptographic algorithms SM9 — Part 2: Algorithms (GB/T 38635.2-2020). The project concerns a national standard in the cybersecurity technology domain and has a project cycle of 16 months, during which it will proceed through opinion solicitation, review, approval, and release.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Cybersecurity standard practice guide on general principles for AI application security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e58c0ee56a5a47ebaf6b5404e8611f65", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on the cybersecurity standard practice guide – Artificial Intelligence (AI) application security guidelines: general principles. The draft sets out general principles and common security guidance for AI applications across their full life cycle, including preliminary planning, design and development, verification and validation, deployment, operation and monitoring, continuous verificati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide -- User Security Guidelines for Using Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e58c0ee56a5a47ebaf6b5404e8611f65", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the public consultation on Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide — User Security Guidelines for Using Artificial Intelligence Services (Consultation Draft v1.0-202601). The consultation concerns a draft standard practice guide issued by the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee. The draft provides security guidance for users of artificial intelligence services and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "title": "Action Plan for the High-Quality Development of Industrial Internet Platforms (2026-2028) (MIIT No. 276 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2026/art_71cecf506c054283aa6c48464ea8379b.html", "description": "On 13 January 2026, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology implemented the Action Plan for the High-Quality Development of Industrial Internet Platforms (2026–2028), aiming to implement the decisions and arrangements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on advancing new industrialisation and high-quality development. The Action Plan defines industrial internet platforms as strategic infrastructure for large-scale data aggregation, model a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China guidelines for data classification and grading of financial information services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/24/c_1770812246428118.htm", "description": "On 23 February 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China closes the consultation on the draft guidelines for data classification and grading of financial information services. The aim of the guidelines is to set out how the four-tier level data classification framework of core, important, sensitive, and general data applies to financial information services, with the aim of allowing financial information service providers to comply with cybersecurity requirements. The guidelines thus provi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "First Batch of National Cybersecurity Standards for 2026", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/df9022b9293c465a83a15931b2903175", "description": "On 30 January 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee announced the First Batch of National Cybersecurity Standards for 2026, releasing a consolidated list of 48 proposed standard projects in the fields of cybersecurity technology and data security technology. The announcement identified each proposed standard project by official title, indicated whether it was a drafting or revision project, specified the document type as a recommended national standard (G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law on Prevention and Control of Cybercrime", "url": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254536/n4904355/c10386242/content.html", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the Cyberspace Administration closes the consultation on the Law on Prevention and Control of Cybercrime, including content moderation regulation. The legislation prohibits the publication of false information and mandates that service providers across various sectors (including internet access, advertising, and content distribution) monitor, discover, and block such information. It also prohibits specific harmful acts against minors conducted via the internet, including but ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology security guide on cross-border transfer of automobile data (2026)", "url": "http://english.scio.gov.cn/pressroom/2026-02/04/content_118316071.html", "description": "On 4 February 2026, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and 7 other government departments jointly issued the 2026 edition of the security guide on the cross-border transfer of automobile data. The guide aims to support an efficient and secure mechanism for cross-border automobile data flows and to facilitate automobile data exports. Structured in 4 parts, the document sets out general provisions, rules for identifying important data in typical automotive scenarios, the data e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into Beijing Kuaishou Technology over alleged cybersecurity and illegal content violations", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/chuanbo/wangluo/202602/t20260206_1308263.shtml", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Beijing Cyberspace Administration, under the guidance of the national Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), issued a fine of CNY 119.1 million against video-sharing platform Beijing Kuaishou Technology Co., Ltd. (Kuaishou Technology) and ordered the company to take rectifying measures following a surge in pornographic and vulgar content on its services. The Administration acted in accordance with the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China, and found fa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "title": "National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee Notice recommending 7 national standards for cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/ca8615d4849344f68e3494b656eb97af", "description": "On 4 February 2026, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) announced a plan covering seven recommended national cybersecurity standards, following the release of a recommended national standards programme by the Standardisation Administration of China. The plan provides for the revision of six existing standards, including those on information security governance, anonymous entity authentication mechanisms based on weak secrets, technical req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation investigation into Beijing Aolande Information Technology over alleged deceptive marketing practices", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_0bea53d4e3904015a340b4e83241a8ec.html", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published a list of typical cases of unfair competition enforcement in the the artificial intelligence sector, including its investigation into Beijing Aolande Information Technology Co., Ltd. The case concerned the company's promotion of a software product described as “DeepSeek Local Deployment Tool” using the “DeepSeek” name and official logo without authorisation and the use of paid search rankings to divert traffic...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation investigation into Shanghai Qiaopin Network Information Technology over alleged artificial intelligence-enabled false advertising", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_0bea53d4e3904015a340b4e83241a8ec.html", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published a list of typical cases of unfair competition enforcement in the the artificial intelligence sector, including its investigation into Shanghai Qiaopin Network Information Technology Co., Ltd. The case concerned the company's provision of AI-based automated outbound calling software to intermediary loan companies to enable them to carry out false advertising activities. The SAMR determined that the company viol...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation investigation into Hangzhou Boheng Culture Media over alleged deceptive marketing practices", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_0bea53d4e3904015a340b4e83241a8ec.html", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published a list of typical cases of unfair competition enforcement in the the artificial intelligence sector, including its investigation into Hangzhou Boheng Culture Media Co., Ltd. The investigation concerned the company's operation of a website named “DeepSeek Local Deployment” using wording, icons, and page layouts highly similar to the official DeepSeek website without authorisation. The SAMR determined that the c...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee group of 14 national standards for cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/4e8836ae89174f91b20a3f0f259c4804", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee announced the initiation of the drafting of 14 recommended national standards for cybersecurity and data security. The standards under development cover areas such as threat intelligence evaluation methods, graded requirements for consumer smart connected devices, security classification and grading methods for AI applications, blockchain system security implementation, physical unclonable function specifications,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-14", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation assessment of compliance with advertising obligations", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_b4482b41c9f74b1bb7e30729478511fd.html", "description": "On 14 March 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) announced measures taken to strengthen advertising supervision and enforcement. The measures apply to sectors including financial services and digital advertising formats, including live-streaming and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated content. It was highlighted that in 2025, authorities investigated 44,500 violations and imposed fines and confiscations totalling RMB 252 million, over misleading claims, financial ret...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Security Standards Working Group (WG9)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/5e06ca6eec464ebdb3c4630208d74131?mc_cid=f83a6d1d57&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "Official source record dated 2026-03-20 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning Artificial Intelligence Security Standards Working Group (WG9). See the linked tc260.org.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Administrative Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/03/c_1776952992709096.htm", "description": "On 6 May 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closes the consultation on draft Administrative Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services, including content moderation regulation. The consultation had been opened on 3 April 2026. The draft Measures apply to organisations and individuals providing internet information services to the public within the territory of the People's Republic of China through digital virtual persons. They would prohibit the generation or dis...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-15", "title": "Cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for deployment and use of openclaw-type intelligent agents (No. TC260-PG-2026NA)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/160310cea5f6411d92fd99a52a42424f", "description": "On 15 April 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for the deployment and use of openclaw-type intelligent agents. The guidelines apply to organisations managing such deployments internally, though commercial agent deployments are excluded. The guide sets out security obligations across the full agent lifecycle, covering installation, configuration, usage, and uninstallation, including r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Quality of service requirement in Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Artificial Intelligence Interaction Services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558395078289.htm", "description": "On 15 July 2026, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Anthropomorphic Artificial Intelligence Interaction Services enter into force. Articles 9 and 10 require providers of anthropomorphic artificial intelligence interaction services to fulfil security responsibilities throughout the entire lifecycle of the service, covering the deployment, operation, upgrade, and termination stages, and to ensure that security measures are deployed synchronously with service functions. Providers mus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "Unpacking the ‘AI wardrobe’: How national policies are shaping the future of AI", "url": "", "description": "Grand pronouncements about artificial intelligence appear daily: AI will produce autocrats and demolish democracies. Algorithms are replacing workers and do not lead to prosperity. Data flows remain an alarming cause for concern from governments to human rights activists. There are also optimistic d", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "揭开“人工智能衣柜”：国家政策如何塑造人工智能的未来", "description_zh": "关于人工智能的宏大宣言每天都会出现：人工智能将产生独裁者并摧毁民主国家。算法正在取代工人，但不会带来繁荣。数据流动仍然是各国政府和人权活动人士关注的一个令人担忧的问题。也有乐观的人", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "The AI data scraping challenge:  How can we proceed responsibly?", "url": "", "description": "Scraped data can advance social good and do harm. How do we get it right?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI 数据抓取挑战：我们如何负责任地进行？", "description_zh": "抓取的数据可以促进社会公益，也可能造成伤害。我们怎样才能做到正确呢？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "美报告称AI相关论文爆发式增长", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/202604/t20260416_244062.html", "description": "美国斯坦福大学4月14日发布的《2026年人工智能（AI）指数报告》显示，2010年至2025年间，生命科学、物理科学与地球科学领域提及AI的论文数量增长近30倍。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美报告称AI相关论文爆发式增长", "description_zh": "美国斯坦福大学4月14日发布的《2026年人工智能（AI）指数报告》显示，2010年至2025年间，生命科学、物理科学与地球科学领域提及AI的论文数量增长近30倍。" }, { "title": "“智”赋产业新蓝图 催生万亿新空间_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202604/t20260413_5307857.htm", "description": "在造船厂，每个生产流程都是一项复杂的系统。近年来，各个系统都在建立自己的人工智能模型，如何把这些分散的模型集合成更高效统一的“大脑”，是外高桥船厂努力的方向。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“智”赋产业新蓝图 催生万亿新空间_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "在造船厂，每个生产流程都是一项复杂的系统。近年来，各个系统都在建立自己的人工智能模型，如何把这些分散的模型集合成更高效统一的“大脑”，是外高桥船厂努力的方向。" }, { "title": "速递！教育部等五部门联合印发《“人工智能+教育”行动计划》", "url": "https://edu.sh.gov.cn/mbjy_xwzx/20260410/ae67b2ee43464402aa9b04f3f42139c7.html", "description": "发布日期：2026-04-10 来源：教育部新闻办 微言教育 字体 [ 大 中 小 ] · 为落实《国务院关于深入实施“人工智能+”行动的意见》部署要求，近日，教育部、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部、科技部、国家数据局联合印发...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "速递！教育部等五部门联合印发《“人工智能+教育”行动计划》", "description_zh": "发布日期：2026-04-10 来源：教育部新闻办 微言教育 字体 [ 大 中 小 ] · 为落实《国务院关于深入实施“人工智能+”行动的意见》部署要求，近日，教育部、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部、科技部、国家数据局联合印发..." }, { "title": "构建智能医学发展共同体", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/202603/t20260325_241955.html", "description": "“十五五”规划纲要明确提出，“全面实施‘人工智能+’行动，加强人工智能同科技创新、产业发展、文化建设、民生保障、社会治理相结合”。 · 中国工程院院士、中国医学科学院北京协和医学院院校长吉训明表示，生成式AI、数字孪生、脑机接口等前沿技术正在疾病防控、临床诊疗、医学科研、手术治疗等全流程医疗健康场景开展创新应用，需系统构建一体化智能医学发展新生态，共建智能医学发展共同体。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "构建智能医学发展共同体", "description_zh": "“十五五”规划纲要明确提出，“全面实施‘人工智能+’行动，加强人工智能同科技创新、产业发展、文化建设、民生保障、社会治理相结合”。 · 中国工程院院士、中国医学科学院北京协和医学院院校长吉训明表示，生成式AI、数字孪生、脑机接口等前沿技术正在疾病防控、临床诊疗、医学科研、手术治疗等全流程医疗健康场景开展创新应用，需系统构建一体化智能医学发展新生态，共建智能医学发展共同体。" }, { "title": "龙岩市立足制造业优势，走出智能化、差异化发展路径—— AI进车间、上产线！为制造业装上“新大脑” _ 省内行业动态 _ 省工信厅", "url": "https://gxt.fujian.gov.cn/zwgk/xw/hydt/snhydt/202604/t20260414_7124230.htm", "description": "来源：闽西新闻网 时间：2026-04-14 09:50 ... 日前，福建省工信厅公布38个省级人工智能典型应用场景名单，龙合智能装备制造有限公司、福建龙净储能电池有限公司、福建云端智能科技有限公司等3家龙岩企业项目成功入选。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "龙岩市立足制造业优势，走出智能化、差异化发展路径—— AI进车间、上产线！为制造业装上“新大脑” _ 省内行业动态 _ 省工信厅", "description_zh": "来源：闽西新闻网 时间：2026-04-14 09:50 ... 日前，福建省工信厅公布38个省级人工智能典型应用场景名单，龙合智能装备制造有限公司、福建龙净储能电池有限公司、福建云端智能科技有限公司等3家龙岩企业项目成功入选。" }, { "title": "2026年3月26日外交部发言人林剑主持例行记者会", "url": "https://cf.china-embassy.gov.cn/fyrth/202603/t20260326_11881537.htm", "description": "澎湃新闻记者：日前，博鳌亚洲论坛年会发布报告指出，全球人工智能发展重心从欧美向亚洲转移，中国已形成全链条成熟度与规模化落地能力。我们也注意到，今年以来中国人工智能领域亮点频现，Seedance2.0视频生成模型以“电影级”效果风靡全球，MiniMax全模态大模型广受好评。发言人如何评价中国人工智能发展现状和对世界的贡献？", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026年3月26日外交部发言人林剑主持例行记者会", "description_zh": "澎湃新闻记者：日前，博鳌亚洲论坛年会发布报告指出，全球人工智能发展重心从欧美向亚洲转移，中国已形成全链条成熟度与规模化落地能力。我们也注意到，今年以来中国人工智能领域亮点频现，Seedance2.0视频生成模型以“电影级”效果风靡全球，MiniMax全模态大模型广受好评。发言人如何评价中国人工智能发展现状和对世界的贡献？" }, { "title": "AI走向企业核心生产环节，Token经济时代加速到来_公告提示_首都之窗_北京市人民政府门户网站", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/fuwu/lqfw/gggs/202603/t20260323_4563551.html", "description": "当前，AI正在全面进入行业应用的深水区。数据显示，全球行业中已有约3000万AI智能体协同工作，从技术演进到应用开发，从场景渗透到业务落地，行业的生产力正在被重新定义，一个以Token为单位的全新经济形态正浮出水面。在3月19至20日举行的华为中国合作伙伴大会2026上，华为多名高管对外透露了华为共筑AI时代数智新基建的战略。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI走向企业核心生产环节，Token经济时代加速到来_公告提示_首都之窗_北京市人民政府门户网站", "description_zh": "当前，AI正在全面进入行业应用的深水区。数据显示，全球行业中已有约3000万AI智能体协同工作，从技术演进到应用开发，从场景渗透到业务落地，行业的生产力正在被重新定义，一个以Token为单位的全新经济形态正浮出水面。在3月19至20日举行的华为中国合作伙伴大会2026上，华为多名高管对外透露了华为共筑AI时代数智新基建的战略。" }, { "date": "2 July 2021", "title": "Competition rules for platforms in antitrust guidelines for platform economic industry", "url": "http://english.www.gov.cn/policies/latestreleases/202102/07/content_WS601ffe31c6d0f72576945498.html", "description": "On 7 February 2021, the Antimonopoly Committee of the State Council of China issues the Antimonopoly Guidelines on Platform Economic Sector, which introduce specific antitrust rules for digital platforms. The rules are released with the aim of reducing monopolistic behaviour in the internet platform market in China. Originally published by the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) on 10 November 2020, while at the same time opening a consultation period, the guidelines provide a d...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "平台经济行业反垄断指南中的平台竞争规则", "description_zh": "2021年2月7日，中国国务院反垄断委员会发布《平台经济领域反垄断指南》，引入了针对数字平台的具体反垄断规则。该规则的发布旨在减少中国互联网平台市场的垄断行为。该指引最初由国家市场监督管理总局 (SAMR) 于 2020 年 11 月 10 日发布，同时开启征求意见期，该指引提供了..." }, { "date": "2 August 2021", "title": "China Clubhouse ban", "url": "https://www.usagm.gov/2021/04/05/why-china-is-afraid-of-the-clubhouse-app/", "description": "On 8 February 2021, the Chinese government blocked the mobile application \"Clubhouse\" within the Chinese territory.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国会所禁令", "description_zh": "2021年2月8日，中国政府在中国境内屏蔽了“Clubhouse”移动应用程序。" }, { "date": "5 January 2021", "title": "Data protection regime in Regulations on the Scope of Necessary Personal Information for Common Types of Mobile Internet Applications", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-03/22/c_1617990997054277.htm", "description": "On 1 May 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), together with a number of other government ministries, has implemented the Regulations on the Scope of Necessary Personal Information for Common Types of Mobile Internet Applications. The Regulations apply to mobile apps which collect user's personal information, setting out the scope of necessary personal information for providing app services depending on service type, and stating that service cannot be refused to users for not ag...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《常见类型移动互联网应用必要个人信息范围规定》中的数据保护制度", "description_zh": "2021年5月1日，国家互联网信息办公室会同有关部门实施《常见类型移动互联网应用所需个人信息范围规定》。 《规定》适用于移动应用程序收集用户个人信息的行为，根据服务类型规定了提供应用程序服务所需个人信息的范围，并规定不得因用户不同意而拒绝向用户提供服务。" }, { "date": "26 May 2021", "title": "Interim Provisions on the Protection and Management of Personal Information in Mobile Internet Applications", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2021/art_c44983fbc41a48ed926563bcf83a2962.html", "description": "On 26 May 2021, the MIIT closed the public consultation for its draft interim provisions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "移动互联网应用个人信息保护和管理暂行规定", "description_zh": "2021年5月26日，工信部结束了暂行规定草案的公开征求意见。" }, { "date": "7 March 2020", "title": "Oversight mechanism in Draft Data Security Law", "url": "https://npcobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/data-security-law-draft.pdf", "description": "The National People's Congress Standing Committee publishes its draft of the Data Security Law, which requires government authorities to permit data sharing with foreign enforcement authorities and enables them to request private company data. The national security leading organ is responsible for supervising the data security strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据安全法草案的监督机制", "description_zh": "全国人民代表大会常务委员会公布了数据安全法草案，该法要求政府当局允许与外国执法机构共享数据，并允许他们索取私人公司数据。国家安全领导机构负责数据安全战略的监督管理。" }, { "date": "9 January 2021", "title": "Data transfer measures in Data Security Law", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-06/11/content_5616919.htm", "description": "On 1 September 2021, the Chinese National People`s Congress adopts the Data Security Law, which contains several provisions on the processing of important data by firms. Article 31 of the Data Security Law regulates the cross-border transfer of `important data` by `critical information infrastructure providers. It subjects information `collected or generated within the PRC` to the scrutiny of the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), as already stated in the Cybersecurity Law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据安全法中的数据传输措施", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 1 日，中国全国人民代表大会通过《数据安全法》，其中包含有关企业处理重要数据的多项规定。 《数据安全法》第三十一条规范了“关键信息基础设施提供者”跨境传输“重要数据”。正如《网络安全法》所述，“在中华人民共和国境内收集或生成”的信息须接受中国国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）的审查。" }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Data residency obligations in Automobile Data Security Provisions", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-08/20/c_1631049984834616.htm", "description": "On 1 October 2021, the provisions on the Security Management of Automobile Data (Trial) entered into force. Many of the provisions of the draft have been preserved, including the principle of data retention, which applies specifically to important data. Under this principle, important data, defined as information that is relevant to the public interest and national security, such as geographic information or data on military zones, must be stored within China. Furthermore, personal informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汽车数据安全条款中的数据驻留义务", "description_zh": "2021年10月1日，《汽车数据安全管理规定（试行）》正式施行。草案的许多规定都被保留，包括专门适用于重要数据的数据保留原则。根据这一原则，重要数据，即与公共利益和国家安全相关的信息，例如地理信息或军事区数据，必须存储在中国境内。此外，个人信息..." }, { "date": "7 June 2021", "title": "Enhanced data security and cross-border data flows in Opinion on combating illegal activities in securities", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-07/06/content_5622763.htm", "description": "The opinion on combating illegal activities in securities is issued by the General Office of the Central Committee. The opinion announces that laws and regulations regarding data security, cross-border data flows and confidential information management will be amended. With the stated aim to promote a high-quality development of the capital market, the General Office recommends a crackdown on illegal activities in securities, including strengthened judicial cooperation in cross-border supervi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《关于打击证券违法行为的意见》加强数据安全和数据跨境流动", "description_zh": "《关于打击证券违法行为的意见》由中央办公厅印发。 《意见》宣布，将修改数据安全、数据跨境流动、保密信息管理等方面的法律法规。为推动资本市场高质量发展，办公厅建议严厉打击证券违法行为，包括加强跨境监管司法合作……" }, { "date": "26 July 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in six-month campaign regulating the internet industry", "url": "http://english.www.gov.cn/statecouncil/ministries/202107/26/content_WS60fe9e7cc6d0df57f98dd987.html", "description": "The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) announced the launch of a six-month campaign targeted towards regulating the internet industry, on 26 July 2021. The campaign will target companies that don't have the required management and technical measures for the collection, transmission and storage of data as well as the offering of data to other entities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为期六个月的互联网行业监管行动中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "工业和信息化部 (MIIT) 宣布于 2021 年 7 月 26 日启动为期六个月的互联网行业专项整治行动。该行动将针对不具备数据收集、传输和存储以及向其他实体提供数据所需管理和技术措施的公司。" }, { "date": "8 January 2021", "title": "Judicial interpretation on data protection regarding facial recognition", "url": "http://www.court.gov.cn/fabu-xiangqing-315851.html", "description": "The Judicial Interpretation on the Application of Law in Civil Trials concerning the Application of Facial Recognition Technologies in Personal Information Processing takes effect.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于人脸识别数据保护的司法解释", "description_zh": "《关于民事审判中面部识别技术应用于个人信息处理适用法律的解释》施行。" }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "SAMR Interim Provisions on Internet Anti-Unfair Competition", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2024/art_3468167e44e24ba784e6b72511c05dc7.html", "description": "On 1 September 2024, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR)’s Interim Provisions on Internet Anti-Unfair Competition enter into force. The regulation includes a ban on the usage of algorithms and data to influence users. That includes fabricating positive user reviews, using display methods that mislead by hiding negative reviews or manipulating their placement, and failing to differentiate between reviews for different products clearly. Furthermore, the regulation includes...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家市场监督管理总局互联网反不正当竞争暂行规定", "description_zh": "2024年9月1日，中国国家市场监督管理总局（市场监管总局）《互联网反不正当竞争暂行规定》正式施行。该法规包括禁止使用算法和数据来影响用户。这包括编造正面的用户评论、使用通过隐藏负面评论或操纵其位置来误导的显示方法，以及未能清楚地区分不同产品的评论。此外，该规定还包括..." }, { "date": "9 October 2021", "title": "Registration requirement for online education platforms", "url": "http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A29/202109/t20210918_564368.html", "description": "The Chinese Ministry of Education (MoE) has released guidelines regarding the registration process for online core education platforms. Regional governments are no longer permitted to approve new off-campus tutoring centers providing core education and need to re-approve existing ones (which must be registered as non-profit institutions). All current online education platforms must suspend new enrollments and payments until they have obtained the requisite permits and licenses. The registrati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线教育平台注册要求", "description_zh": "中国教育部（MoE）发布了有关在线核心教育平台注册流程的指南。地方政府不再允许批准新的提供核心教育的校外辅导中心，并且需要重新批准现有的校外辅导中心（必须注册为非营利机构）。目前所有在线教育平台必须暂停新的招生和付款，直到获得必要的许可和牌照。登记处..." }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Administrative measures for data security in the field of industry and information technology", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2022/art_e0f06662e37140808d43d7735e9d9fd3.html", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Regulation \"Administrative Measures on Data Security in the Industry and Information Technology Sectors (for Trial Implementation)\" came into effect. The measures aim to regulate data processing activities and outline security measures that entities from the industrial and telecom sectors have to follow. The Regulation outlines different requirements depending on the type of data, classifying it as \"general data\", \"core data\", and \"important data\". Data on Chinese polit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业和信息化领域数据安全管理办法中的网络安全规制", "description_zh": "2023年1月1日，《工业和信息化领域数据安全管理办法（试行）》正式施行。这些措施旨在规范数据处理活动，并概述工业和电信部门实体必须遵循的安全措施。 《条例》根据数据类型提出了不同的要求，将其分为“一般数据”、“核心数据”和“重要数据”。中国政治数据..." }, { "date": "9 January 2021", "title": "Regulation on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2021-08/17/content_5631671.htm", "description": "On 1 September 2021, the regulation on the Security Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure of the Chinese State Council is implemented. The regulation clarifies that important network facilities and information systems in key industries belong to the \"critical information infrastructure\" (CII). Therefore, the state adopts measures to monitor and defend the CII. The Regulation implements cyber security responsibilities (data management, reporting) for CII operators and asks them to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关键信息基础设施安全保护条例", "description_zh": "2021年9月1日，《国务院关键信息基础设施安全保护条例》施行。规定明确，重点行业的重要网络设施和信息系统属于“关键信息基础设施”（CII）。为此，国家采取措施对关键信息基础设施进行监控和防御。该条例落实了关键信息基础设施运营者的网络安全责任（数据管理、报告），并要求他们……" }, { "date": "10 February 2021", "title": "Algorithm design requirements in Security specifications and assessment methods for machine learning algorithms", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20210804165243&norm_id=20201104200030&recode_id=43653", "description": "On 2 October 2021, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee closed the consultation on its Security specifications and assessment methods for machine learning algorithms. The document expands on security risks in machine learning and possible safety measures in the development and design of machine learning algorithms to prevent risks, suggesting safety assessment mechanisms.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "机器学习算法安全规范及评估方法中的算法设计要求", "description_zh": "2021年10月2日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会机器学习算法安全规范及评估方法结束征求意见。该文件扩展了机器学习中的安全风险以及机器学习算法开发和设计中可能采取的预防风险的安全措施，并提出了安全评估机制。" }, { "date": "30 September 2021", "title": "Information Security Technology Blockchain Technology Security Framework", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20210802220319&norm_id=20201104200042&recode_id=43623", "description": "On 30 September 2021, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee closed the consultation on its Information Security Technology Blockchain Technology Security Framework. The framework expands on the risks of blockchain technology and recommends the development of a regulatory framework including cryptographic support, privacy protection and standards adhesion, in order to increase security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息安全技术 区块链技术安全框架", "description_zh": "2021年9月30日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会结束了《信息安全技术区块链技术安全框架》征求意见稿。该框架扩展了区块链技术的风险，并建议开发包括加密支持、隐私保护和标准遵守在内的监管框架，以提高安全性。" }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Data Regulations", "url": "http://www.szrd.gov.cn/rdlv/cwhgb/index/post_706584.html?mc_cid=fa18b39797&mc_eid=a268621911", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Data Regulation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone becomes effective after its adoption on 29 June 2021 by the Municipal People’s Congress. The act covers data rights, data processing, data sharing and introduces requirements for data management and security. It introduces the right to informed consent, consent withdrawal and gives users the option to refuse customized recommendations based on their profile analysis. Furthermore, the regulation protects the users' ri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "深圳经济特区数据规定", "description_zh": "《深圳经济特区数据条例》于2021年6月29日经市人大常委会审议通过后，自2022年1月1日起施行。该法案涵盖数据权利、数据处理、数据共享，并提出了数据管理和安全要求。它引入了知情同意、撤回同意的权利，并让用户可以选择拒绝基于其个人资料分析的定制推荐。此外，该规定保护了用户的权利..." }, { "date": "9 January 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in China Regulations on the Management of Network Product Security Vulnerabilities", "url": "https://cac.gov.cn/2021-07/13/c_1627761607640342.htm", "description": "The Regulations on the Management of Network Product Security Vulnerabilities come into force on 1 September 2021. The Regulation obliges network product providers to reduce security vulnerabilities through continuous communication with the authorities, regular assessments and strengthening of internal management structures. Furthermore, obligations to assess, report and repair security vulnerabilities are established. The Regulations also lay down rules for individuals and organizations enga...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国网络安全措施 网络产品安全漏洞管理规定", "description_zh": "《网络产品安全漏洞管理规定》于2021年9月1日起施行。《规定》要求网络产品提供者通过与主管部门持续沟通、定期评估、强化内部管理等措施，减少安全漏洞。此外，还规定了评估、报告和修复安全漏洞的义务。该条例还为个人和组织参与..." }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Shanghai Data Regulations including data governance liability", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw12344/20211129/a1a38c3dfe8b4f8f8fcba5e79fbe9251.html", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Shanghai Data Regulations enter into effect. The Regulations set out that violations of its provisions by private entities can lead to credit penalties. Further, where there is a serious violation involving the infringement of the rights of many individuals, relevant authorities may file a lawsuit.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海数据条例包括数据治理责任", "description_zh": "2022年1月1日起，《上海市数据管理条例》正式施行。该条例规定，私营实体违反其规定可能会导致信用处罚。此外，情节严重、侵犯多人权利的，有关部门可以提起诉讼。" }, { "date": "22 January 2022", "title": "Guidelines for the Reporting and Sharing of Data Security Risk Information in the Industry and Information Technology Field", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2021/art_9ed695f19c9f42f882bfdad9ba5ea0e7.html", "description": "On 22 January 2022, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closed the consultation on the draft \"Guidelines for the Reporting and Sharing of Data Security Risk Information in the Industry and Information Technology Field\". The Guidelines aim to implement the \"Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China\" and the other regulations that concern the warning procedures of data security breaches in the industrial sector. Particularly, the guidelines explain what can be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工业和信息化领域数据安全风险信息报告与共享指南", "description_zh": "2022年1月22日，中国工业和信息化部结束了《工业和信息化领域数据安全风险信息报告和共享指南》草案征求意见稿。本指引旨在贯彻落实《中华人民共和国数据安全法》等有关工业领域数据安全漏洞预警程序的规定。特别是，指南解释了什么可以......" }, { "date": "2 January 2022", "title": "China (Fujian province): Big Data Development Regulations", "url": "http://www.fjrd.gov.cn/ct/16-173371", "description": "On 1 February 2022, the Fujian Big Data Development Regulations enter into effect. The Regulations establish a framework for public data resources, as well as for the collection, sharing, and use of public data. The Regulations establish the conditions under which public bodies may collect personal data, including notification of collection, and scope, purpose, and method of collection. Further, the Regulations outline how public data should be shared across public data aggregation and sharin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国（福建省）：大数据发展条例", "description_zh": "2022年2月1日，《福建省大数据发展条例》正式施行。 《条例》建立了公共数据资源以及公共数据收集、共享和使用的框架。该条例规定了公共机构收集个人数据的条件，包括收集通知以及收集的范围、目的和方法。此外，该条例概述了公共数据应如何在公共数据聚合和共享中共享......" }, { "date": "12 December 2021", "title": "Guidelines for identification of personal messages in instant messaging (PIPL)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20211111201504", "description": "On 12 December 2021, the consultation on draft guidelines National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee for classifying personal information on instant messaging platforms has closed.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "即时消息中的个人消息识别指南 (PIPL)", "description_zh": "2021年12月12日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会即时通讯平台个人信息分类指南草案征求意见稿已结束。" }, { "date": "11 December 2021", "title": "Shanghai: Guidelines for Application of Algorithms to Online Marketing", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/gwk/search/content/2c9bf2f67d043165017d30e80ce54da0", "description": "On 12 November 2021, the Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation has published the Shanghai Guidelines for Application of Algorithms to Online Marketing, containing information on prohibited and encouraged uses of algorithms in online marketing. For example, algorithms should not be used for unfair pricing, unequal treatment of customers, or to abuse market dominance. The guidelines encourage the use of algorithms to protect rights and interests of disadvantaged groups as well...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海：网络营销算法应用指南", "description_zh": "2021年11月12日，上海市市场监督管理局发布了《上海市网络营销算法应用指引》，其中包含禁止和鼓励在网络营销中使用算法的信息。例如，算法不应用于不公平定价、不平等对待客户或滥用市场支配地位。该指南鼓励利用算法来保护弱势群体的权益以及..." }, { "date": "15 February 2022", "title": "China: Cybersecurity Review Measures 2021", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/04/c_1642894602182845.htm", "description": "On 15 February 2022, the Cybersecurity Review Measures, adopted by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) on 4 January 2022 to promulgate cybersecurity measures for critical information infrastructure and network platform operators, are implemented. The Measures apply to critical information infrastructure operators which purchase network products or services potentially affecting national security, as well as network platform operators engaging in data processing activities that may af...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国：2021年网络安全审查措施", "description_zh": "2022年2月15日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）于2022年1月4日通过的《网络安全审查办法》实施，该办法旨在发布关键信息基础设施和网络平台运营者的网络安全措施。 《办法》适用于关键信息基础设施运营者购买可能影响国家安全的网络产品或者服务，以及网络平台运营者从事可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动。" }, { "date": "28 February 2022", "title": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) data security capability maturity certification (DSMM)", "url": "http://www.caict.ac.cn/xwdt/ynxw/202201/t20220106_395145.htm", "description": "On 28 February 2022, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) has closed the registration of financial companies to the \"Data security capability maturity certification\" (DSMM). The registration was opened on 6 January 2022. The DSMM is based on the \"Information Security Technology Data Security Maturity Model\". The DSMM aims to help companies to discover data security problems and develop response strategies on four dimensions: organizational construction, syste...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国信息通信研究院（CAICT）数据安全能力成熟度认证（DSMM）", "description_zh": "2022年2月28日，中国信息通信研究院（CAICT）已截止金融公司“数据安全能力成熟度认证”（DSMM）注册。注册于2022年1月6日开始。DSMM基于“信息安全技术数据安全成熟度模型”。 DSMM旨在从组织建设、体系建设四个维度帮助企业发现数据安全问题并制定应对策略。" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Data protection measures in Regulations on the Administration of Network Data Security", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/policies/latestreleases/202409/30/content_WS66fab6c8c6d0868f4e8eb720.html", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Network Data Security Management Regulation enters into force. The Regulation implements and further specifies obligations under Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law, and Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). Under the Regulation, data may be classified as general data, important data, or core data. In case data processors process the data of more than one million people, the Regulation foresees additional data protection requirements. Furthermore, in order to sha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络数据安全管理条例》中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2025年1月1日，《网络数据安全管理条例》正式施行。该条例落实并进一步明确了《网络安全法》、《数据安全法》和《个人信息保护法》的义务。根据该条例，数据可以分为一般数据、重要数据或核心数据。如果数据处理者处理超过一百万人的数据，该法规预见了额外的数据保护要求。此外，为了让..." }, { "date": "29 December 2021", "title": "Measures on the Administration of Online Advertising", "url": "http://zqyj.chinalaw.gov.cn/readmore?listType=2&id=4726", "description": "On 29 December 2021, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) has closed the consultation on the Measures on the Administration of Online Advertising (Draft for Public Comments), containing proposed regulations for the internet advertising industry. The Draft Measures stipulate that prohibited products, prescription drugs and tobacco may not be advertised on the internet. Certain products, such as medicine, beauty, and online games, may not be advertised on websites aimed at ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络广告管理办法", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 29 日，中国国家市场监督管理总局（市场监管总局）结束了《网络广告管理办法（征求意见稿）》征求意见稿，其中包含针对互联网广告行业的拟议法规。 《办法》草案规定，违禁产品、处方药和烟草不得在互联网上发布广告。某些产品，例如医药、美容和在线游戏，不得在旨在...的网站上做广告。" }, { "date": "5 January 2023", "title": "Information Security Technology Face Recognition Data Security Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20221017101959", "description": "On 1 May 2023, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) implemented the Information Security Technology Face Recognition Data Security Requirements, which include rules on the collection, processing, and storage of facial data from natural persons. The Requirements identify three scenarios involving facial recognition: face verification, face recognition, and face analysis, with the first two scenarios being subject to the Requirements. Aside from gene...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息安全技术人脸识别数据安全要求", "description_zh": "2023年5月1日，中国国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）实施了《信息安全技术人脸识别数据安全要求》，其中包括自然人人脸数据的收集、处理和存储规则。 《要求》明确了涉及人脸识别的三种场景：人脸验证、人脸识别和人脸分析，其中前两种场景适用《要求》。除了基因..." }, { "date": "15 September 2021", "title": "Notice on Strengthening Cybersecurity Work in the Internet of Vehicles (Smart Connected Vehicles)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2021-09/16/content_5637709.htm", "description": "On 15 September 2021, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) implemented the Notice on Strengthening Cybersecurity Work in the Internet of Vehicles. The Notice sets out a number of aims in relation to cybersecurity in relation to the so-called Internet of Vehicles (smart cars), including establishing a regulatory regime containing obligations for businesses in establishing security regarding network, infrastructure and telecommunication.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加强车联网（智能网联汽车）网络安全工作的通知", "description_zh": "2021年9月15日，中国工业和信息化部实施《关于加强车联网网络安全工作的通知》。该通知提出了与所谓的车联网（智能汽车）相关的网络安全的一系列目标，包括建立一个监管制度，其中包含企业在建立网络、基础设施和电信安全方面的义务。" }, { "date": "4 January 2023", "title": "China: Algorithm Security Assessment", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-08/12/c_1661927474338504.htm", "description": "On 1 April 2023, the Internet Information Office of the Chinese Cyberspace Administration (CAC) published a list of 39 algorithms. In March 2022, China obliged Internet information service companies to disclose and self-assess their algorithms through a submission to the \"Internet Information Service Algorithm Filing System\". The aim of the system is to curb data abuse and help the state to regulate internet companies more closely. The algorithm list, which includes a brief description of fun...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国：算法安全评估", "description_zh": "2023年4月1日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）公布了39种算法清单。 2022年3月，中国要求互联网信息服务企业通过向“互联网信息服务算法备案系统”提交算法进行公开和自我评估。该系统的目的是遏制数据滥用并帮助国家更严格地监管互联网公司。算法列表，其中包括有趣的简短描述......" }, { "date": "4 September 2022", "title": "Guidelines for Information Security Technology Mobile Internet Application Life Cycle Security Management", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20220208192020&norm_id=20201104200032&recode_id=45795", "description": "The Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) has closed the consultation on the draft \"Guidelines for Information Security Technology Mobile Internet Application (App) Life Cycle Security Management\". The guidelines provide recommendations for the security management of mobile apps, especially regarding the development, distribution and integration of apps in smart terminals. TC260 recommends applying security measures during the whole app development ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息安全技术移动互联网应用生命周期安全管理指南", "description_zh": "国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）已结束《信息安全技术移动互联网应用（App）生命周期安全管理指南》草案征求意见稿。该指南为移动应用程序的安全管理，特别是智能终端中应用程序的开发、分发和集成提供了建议。 TC260 建议在整个应用程序开发过程中采取安全措施......" }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Content monitoring requirements in Regulations on the Protection of Minors on the Internet", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-10/24/c_1699806932316206.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the \"Regulations on the Protection of Minors on the Internet\" entered into force. The Regulations prohibit the dissemination of harmful content, including obscenity, pornography, violence, and extremist ideologies, to protect minors' physical and mental health. In addition, the Regulations address cyberbullying and the responsible provision of age-appropriate content for educational purposes. Moreover, the Regulations require internet service providers to verify the identit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网未成年人保护条例》内容监控要求", "description_zh": "2024年1月1日，《未成年人网络保护条例》施行。 《条例》禁止传播淫秽、色情、暴力、极端思想等有害内容，保护未成年人身心健康。此外，该条例还涉及网络欺凌以及出于教育目的负责任地提供适合年龄的内容。此外，《规定》要求互联网服务提供者验证身份..." }, { "date": "6 August 2021", "title": "Law countering foreign sanctions", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202106/3f1bd94607c747f498335b2058cc530b.shtml", "description": "On 8 June 2021, the Law Countering Foreign Sanctions was introduced to the Chinese National People's Congress. The Law allows for proportional countermeasures when a country imposes sanctions on Chinese officials, businesses, and transactions, including restrictions on data flows and market entry.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "反外国制裁的法律", "description_zh": "2021年6月8日，《反外国制裁法》提交中国全国人民代表大会。当一个国家对中国官员、企业和交易实施制裁时，该法允许采取相应的反措施，包括限制数据流动和市场准入。" }, { "date": "6 September 2021", "title": "China's Medical and Health data protection requirements", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dc7gd8ElPJzT9OD4Wp91pw", "description": "On 9 June 2021, the Chinese National Health Commission released the draft protection guidelines. The guidelines apply to health and medical data and introduce several localisation obligations, including the requirement for data generated and collected in China to be stored locally and the obligation to acquire approval for international health data transfers from the State Internet and Communications Department.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国医疗健康数据保护要求", "description_zh": "2021年6月9日，中国国家卫生健康委员会发布了防护指南草案。该指南适用于健康和医疗数据，并引入了多项本地化义务，包括要求在中国生成和收集的数据在本地存储，以及国际健康数据传输必须获得国家互联网和通信部门的批准。" }, { "date": "11 January 2020", "title": "China's Regulation on Graded Protection of Network Security", "url": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254536/n4904355/c6159136/content.html?from=timeline&isappinstalled=0", "description": "On 1 November 2020, the \"Regulation on the Graded Protection of Network Security\" entered into force. This regulation ranks network and information systems from 1-5, introducing more cybersecurity obligations with a higher degree of danger. Factors include China's national security, innovation interests, political and public opinion, and social order.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国网络安全等级保护条例", "description_zh": "2020年11月1日，《网络安全等级保护条例》正式施行。该规定将网络和信息系统按照1-5级进行排名，引入了更多、危险程度更高的网络安全义务。因素包括中国的国家安全、创新利益、政治和舆论以及社会秩序。" }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Implementation Rules for the Human Genetic Resources Regulation", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/bmgz/202306/t20230601_186416.html", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Implementation Rules for Human Genetic Resources Regulations entered into force. Article 11 of the Rules prohibits foreign organisations, institutions controlled by foreign organisations, or foreign individuals from collecting, maintaining or transferring data on Chinese human genetic resources. According to Article 37, where the sharing of human genetic resources with foreign entities could affect Chinese public health, national security, or public interests, the Ministry...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人类遗传资源管理实施细则", "description_zh": "2023年7月1日，《人类遗传资源条例实施细则》正式施行。 《规定》第十一条禁止外国组织、外国组织控制的机构或者外国人收集、保存或者转让中国人类遗传资源数据。第三十七条规定，与外国共享人类遗传资源，可能影响我国公共卫生、国家安全、社会公共利益的，国务院..." }, { "date": "4 August 2022", "title": "Qinglang 2022 Comprehensive Algorithm Governance Audit", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-04/08/c_1651028524542025.htm", "description": "On 8 April 2022, the Chinese Cyberspace Administration (CAC) published a notice announcing the launch of its “Qinglang 2022 Comprehensive Algorithm Governance” audit. The aim of the multi-pronged plan is to gain control over the use of algorithms in China. The CAC will assist Internet companies in self-evaluating and self-correcting algorithm application problems. Additionally, the regulator will conduct on-site inspections of Internet companies such as ByteDance Ltd. and Tencent Holdings Ltd...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "擎浪2022年综合算法治理审计", "description_zh": "2022年4月8日，国家网信办发布通知，启动“清浪2022算法综合治理”审计工作。这项多管齐下的计划的目的是控制算法在中国的使用。网信办将协助互联网企业自我评估、自我修正算法应用问题。此外，监管机构还将对字节跳动、腾讯等互联网企业进行现场检查……" }, { "date": "5 July 2022", "title": "Opinions on Regulating Online Live Rewards and Strengthening the Protection of Minors", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-05/07/c_1653537626423773.htm", "description": "On 7 May 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China's (CAC) and the National Radio and Television Administration issued the Opinions on Regulating Online Live Rewards and Strengthening the Protection of Minors. The Opinions focus on live streaming broadcasts with \"reward\" functions, which allow viewers to gift rewards, often in the form of money, to streamers. The Opinions require for minors to be prohibited from using \"reward\" functions, and that rewards in general play a less prominent fu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于规范网络直播打赏加强未成年人保护的意见", "description_zh": "2022年5月7日，国家网信办、国家广播电视总局印发《关于规范网络直播打赏行为加强未成年人保护的意见》。 《意见》重点关注具有“打赏”功能的直播，即观众可以向主播赠送奖励（通常以金钱的形式）。 《意见》要求禁止未成年人使用“奖励”功能，奖励总体作用不那么突出……" }, { "date": "25 July 2022", "title": "Privacy Agreement Requirements for Information Security Technology Internet Platforms and Products and Services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20220526180528", "description": "On 25 July 2022, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) closed its consultation on the draft Privacy Agreement Requirements for Information Security Technology Internet Platforms and Products and Services. The draft aims to lay out the requirements applicable to privacy agreements between providers of internet platforms, products, and services, and users. The draft includes relevant definitions and requires privacy policies to clearly set out th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息安全技术互联网平台、产品和服务的隐私协议要求", "description_zh": "2022年7月25日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《信息安全技术互联网平台及产品和服务隐私协议要求草案》征求意见稿。该草案旨在制定适用于互联网平台、产品和服务提供商与用户之间隐私协议的要求。草案包含了相关定义，并要求隐私政策明确规定..." }, { "date": "5 January 2023", "title": "Administrative Measures for Cybersecurity in the Securities and Futures Industry", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-03/04/content_5744506.htm", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) implemented the “Administrative Measures for Cybersecurity in the Securities and Futures Industry”, which includes requirements for network and data security. The measures require entities to implement an early warning system, carry out risk assessments and create data backups.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "证券期货业网络安全管理办法", "description_zh": "2023年5月1日，中国证监会实施《证券期货业网络安全管理办法》，对网络和数据安全提出了要求。该措施要求实体建立预警系统，进行风险评估并创建数据备份。" }, { "date": "25 May 2021", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Measures for the Administration of Online Live Marketing (Trial Implementation)", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-04/22/c_1620670982794847.htm", "description": "On 25 May 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) and six other state departments implemented the Measures for the Administration of Online Live Marketing (Trial Implementation) regulating the online live-streaming market. According to the Measures, live-streaming platforms shall formulate a blacklist of goods and services that are prohibited from production, sales and promotions. Further, the platforms shall conduct inspections to enforce the blacklist by removing content, keeping...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络直播营销管理办法（试行）》内容审核要求", "description_zh": "2021年5月25日，国家网信办等六部门发布《网络直播营销管理办法（试行）》，规范网络直播市场。根据《办法》，直播平台应当制定禁止生产、销售、促销的商品和服务黑名单。此外，平台应进行检查，通过删除内容、保留...等方式执行黑名单。" }, { "date": "16 August 2022", "title": "Audit and management guide for personal information processing normativeness of mobile internet applications in App stores", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20220617190640", "description": "On 16 August 2022, the consultation on the “Audit and Management Guide for Personal Information Processing Normativeness of Mobile Internet Applications in App Stores” was closed. The Guide was published by China's National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee on 17 June 2022. The Guide provides information on how app store providers should review and manage the personal information processing policies and activities of new applications before listing them in the app store...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "应用商店移动互联网应用个人信息处理规范审核及管理指南", "description_zh": "2022年8月16日，《应用商店移动互联网应用个人信息处理规范审核管理指南》结束征求意见。该指南由中国国家信息安全标准化技术委员会于2022年6月17日发布。该指南规定了应用程序商店提供商在新应用程序上架应用程序之前应如何审查和管理其个人信息处理政策和活动..." }, { "date": "6 August 2022", "title": "Code of Conduct for Internet Anchors", "url": "http://www.nrta.gov.cn/art/2022/6/22/art_113_60757.html", "description": "On 8 June 2022, China's National Radio and Television Administration and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism issued the Code of Conduct for Internet Anchors regulating the conduct of internet livestreamers. The Code requires livestreamers to adhere to standards of legality and decency in their streams. Further, livestreamers producing content that involves a high level of professionalism, for example about healthcare, finance, law, or education, are required to have a relevant practice certif...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络主播行为准则", "description_zh": "2022年6月8日，国家广播电视总局、文化和旅游部发布《网络主播行为规范》，规范网络直播主播行为。该准则要求直播者在直播中遵守合法和正派标准。此外，直播者制作涉及高专业水平的内容，例如有关医疗保健、金融、法律或教育的内容，需要拥有相关的执业证书..." }, { "date": "16 December 2022", "title": "Revision of Security Certification Specifications for Cross-Border Processing of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20221216161852", "description": "On 16 December 2022, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) released the “Practice Guidelines for Network Security Standards - Security Certification Specifications for Cross-Border Processing of Personal Information”, which aims to provide a legal basis for the authority to implement personal information protection certification. Furthermore, it provides guidance to personal information processors regarding the security standards and requirements for ce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息跨境处理安全认证规范修订", "description_zh": "2022年12月16日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）发布了《网络安全标准实施指南——个人信息跨境处理安全认证规范》，旨在为主管部门实施个人信息保护认证提供法律依据。此外，它还为个人信息处理者提供有关安全标准和要求的指导..." }, { "date": "7 May 2022", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding on cybersecurity cooperation between the Cyberspace Administration of China and the National Cyber Security Office of Thailand", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-07/05/c_1658638472372340.htm?mc_cid=269120b992&mc_eid=6bbb85101d", "description": "On 5 July 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China and the National Cyber Security Office of Thailand announced they had signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cybersecurity cooperation, which aims to strengthen exchanges in the field of cyber security and maintain cyberspace stability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国国家互联网信息办公室与泰国国家网络安全办公室网络安全合作谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2022年7月5日，中国国家互联网信息办公室与泰国国家网络安全办公室宣布签署网络安全合作谅解备忘录，旨在加强网络安全领域交流，维护网络空间稳定。" }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "CAC Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-07/07/c_1658811536594644.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the deadline for rectifications under the Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports was reached. Affected companies were given a grace period until this date to bring their data export practices in line with the requirements of the Measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办数据出境安全评估办法", "description_zh": "2023年3月1日，《数据出境安全评估办法》整改期限已到。受影响的公司在此之前获得了一段宽限期，使其数据出口做法符合《办法》的要求。" }, { "date": "20 April 2022", "title": "Hangzhou Internet Court Case on NFT Copyright", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IQwjcF_a5EoYdc5CFkaQpA", "description": "On 20 April 2022, the Hangzhou Internet Court has issued a ruling in a case concerning platform responsibility for copyright infringements related to non-fungible tokens (NFT). In the case, the plaintiff had argued that a user of the platform operated by the defendant had minted and released for sale an NFT for which the plaintiff held exclusive copyright. The Court held that the defendant had failed to meet its duty of care to review content for potential copyright infringement, therefore ai...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杭州互联网法院NFT版权案", "description_zh": "2022年4月20日，杭州互联网法院就不可替代通证（NFT）相关著作权侵权平台责任案作出判决。在该案中，原告辩称，被告运营的平台的用户铸造并发布了原告拥有专有版权的 NFT 进行销售。法院认为，被告未能履行审查内容是否存在潜在版权侵权的注意义务，因此..." }, { "date": "18 July 2022", "title": "Special Action to Improve Internet Environment for Minors", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-07/19/c_1659850748120694.htm", "description": "On 18 July 2022, a number of Chinese government departments, including the Ministry of Education, announced the launch of a 2 month-long Special Action to improve the internet environment for minors. As part of the Special Action, the departments will focus on online video, streaming, social media, learning, game, and e-commerce platforms used by minors to investigate a number of areas of concern, such as the privacy of minors, livestream reward systems targeted at minors, cyberbullying, and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "改善未成年人网络环境专项行动", "description_zh": "2022年7月18日，教育部等多部门宣布启动为期两个月的改善未成年人网络环境专项行动。作为专项行动的一部分，各部门将重点针对未成年人使用的网络视频、流媒体、社交媒体、学习、游戏、电商平台，对未成年人隐私、针对未成年人的直播打赏制度、网络欺凌等一系列值得关注的领域进行排查。" }, { "date": "15 July 2022", "title": "Investigation into Didi Payment Technology's financial practices", "url": "http://beijing.pbc.gov.cn/beijing/132030/132052/132059/4607989/index.html", "description": "On 15 July 2022, the People's Bank of China announced that it had issued a fine of RMB 4.27 million against Didi Payment Technology, the digital payment branch of the Chinese ride-hailing company. The People's Bank listed a number of reasons for imposing the fine, including Didi's failure to maintain complete and traceable transaction data, verify customer identity, investigate illegal or abnormal transactions properly, report significant risks on time and protect customer financial information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "滴滴支付科技财务行为调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 15 日，中国人民银行宣布对中国网约车公司数字支付分公司滴滴支付科技处以 427 万元人民币罚款。人民银行列举了多项罚款理由，包括滴滴未能维护完整可追溯的交易数据、核实客户身份、妥善调查非法或异常交易、及时报告重大风险以及保护客户财务信息。" }, { "date": "21 November 2023", "title": "Guidelines for transportation safety services for autonomous vehicles", "url": "https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/ysfws/202312/t20231205_3962490.html", "description": "On 21 November 2023, the Ministry of Transport adopted the \"Guidelines for Autonomous Vehicle Transportation Safety Service (Trial)\". The guidelines aim to set out the conditions under which autonomous cars, including electric buses, taxis and trucks, would be allowed to circulate on public roads. In particular, the guidelines indicate that the operators of autonomous cars for transportation services will have to register to obtain a business license and demonstrate that the vehicle meets all...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自动驾驶汽车运输安全服务指南", "description_zh": "2023年11月21日，交通运输部通过了《自动驾驶汽车运输安全服务指南（试行）》。该指导方针旨在规定允许自动驾驶汽车（包括电动巴士、出租车和卡车）在公共道路上行驶的条件。特别是，指南指出，用于运输服务的自动驾驶汽车运营商必须注册以获得营业执照，并证明车辆符合所有..." }, { "date": "31 March 2023", "title": "Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies 2022", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-02/25/content_5743312.htm", "description": "On 31 March 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) were implemented the \"Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies\", which aim to change how Chinese companies making overseas listings deal with confidential information. The Provisions contain the rules that companies must follow if their overseas listing requires the disclosure of state secrets or information jeopardising national ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加强境内公司境外证券发行上市保密和档案管理的规定2022", "description_zh": "2023年3月31日，中国证监会实施《关于加强境内公司境外证券发行上市保密和档案管理的规定》，旨在改变境外上市中国公司处理机密信息的方式。 《规定》规定了企业境外上市需要披露国家秘密或者危害国家安全信息的应当遵循的规定。" }, { "date": "15 April 2023", "title": "Provisions on the Prohibition of Monopoly Agreements", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2023/art_ff130ba3d3874d39a6f54a9171409a69.html", "description": "On 15 April 2023, the Provisions on the Prohibition of Monopoly Agreements, adopted by China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) as one of four regulations supporting and implementing the recently amended Anti-Monopoly Law on 10 March 2023, came into effect. The Regulations include a definition of monopoly agreements, regulations for the investigative, and a list of prohibited acts. Notably, these Regulations apply both to monopoly agreements and to de facto coordinated acts i...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止垄断协议的规定", "description_zh": "2023年4月15日，中国国家市场监督管理总局（市场监管总局）通过的《禁止垄断协议规定》作为支持和实施最近修订的《反垄断法》的四项法规之一，于2023年3月10日生效。该条例包括垄断协议的定义、调查规定以及禁止行为清单。值得注意的是，这些规定既适用于垄断协议，也适用于事实上的协调行为……" }, { "date": "15 April 2023", "title": "Provisions on the Prohibition of Abuse of a Dominant Market Position", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2023/art_ff130ba3d3874d39a6f54a9171409a69.html", "description": "On 15 April 2023, the Provisions on the Prohibition of Abuse of a Dominant Market Position, adopted by China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) as one of four regulations supporting and implementing the amended Anti-Monopoly Law on 10 March 2023, came into effect. These Provisions define the concept of a dominant market position and set out the enforcement process and relevant exceptions in case of suspected unilateral conduct. Notably, the Provisions set out relevant charact...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止滥用市场支配地位的规定", "description_zh": "2023年4月15日，中国国家市场监督管理总局（市场监管总局）通过的《禁止滥用市场支配地位规定》作为2023年3月10日支持和实施修订后的反垄断法的四项法规之一开始生效。该规定界定了市场支配地位的概念，并规定了涉嫌单方面行为的执行程序和相关例外情况。值得注意的是，《规定》规定了相关特征..." }, { "date": "9 February 2022", "title": "Qinglang Special Action to Combat Online Rumors and False Information 2022", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-09/02/c_1663745754062601.htm", "description": "On 2 September 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the Qinglang Special Action to Combat Online Rumours and False Information 2022. The Special Action will take the form of a three-month-long national campaign to remove content classified by the authorities as \"rumours and false information\" from the internet, improve the monitoring, discovery, and refutation process, and increase traceability and accountability. Furthermore, the CAC aims to develop a list of platform...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022年清浪打击网络谣言虚假信息专项行动", "description_zh": "2022年9月2日，国家网信办发布《2022年清浪打击网络谣言和虚假信息专项行动》。专项行动将在全国范围内开展为期三个月的专项行动，清理网络上被当局归类为“谣言和虚假信息”的内容，完善监测、发现和反驳流程，加强追溯和问责。此外，CAC 的目标是制定一系列平台……" }, { "date": "9 May 2022", "title": "Special Action to Combat and Punish Online Crimes", "url": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2253534/n2253535/c8682695/content.html", "description": "On 5 September 2022, China's Ministry of Public Security (MPS), alongside eight other government bodies, posted a Notice announcing the launch of an 18-month special action to combat online crimes. According to the Notice, the special action aims to address new types of online crimes involving public opinion extortion, illegal money lending and exploitation of information networks to carry out \"naked chat\" extortion. The MPS plans to increase the number of cases being investigated and the qu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "打击惩治网络犯罪专项行动", "description_zh": "2022年9月5日，中国公安部会同其他八个政府部门发布通知，宣布启动为期18个月的打击网络犯罪专项行动。 《通知》称，此次专项行动旨在严厉打击舆论敲诈勒索、非法放贷、利用信息网络实施“裸聊”敲诈勒索等新型网络犯罪。 公安部计划增加正在调查的案件数量和质量..." }, { "date": "16 January 2023", "title": "Regulations on Business Activities of Online Performances including content moderation requirements", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-01/18/content_5737726.htm", "description": "On 16 January 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Culture and Tourism (CMCT) implemented Regulations on Online Performances, which aim to promote the \"healthy and orderly development\" of online performances. In particular, the Regulations state that providers of online performance must ensure that the content they are streaming does not contain content classified as prohibited in the \"Interim Provisions on the Administration of Internet Culture\". Furthermore, the providers will be required to have ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络演出经营活动管理规定，包括内容审核要求", "description_zh": "2023年1月16日，中国文化和旅游部实施《网络演出条例》，旨在促进网络演出“健康有序发展”。 《条例》特别规定，网络表演提供者必须保证其播放的内容不含有《网络文化管理暂行规定》禁止的内容。此外，提供商将被要求..." }, { "date": "22 September 2022", "title": "Investigation into App operators for illegal data handling", "url": "https://ynca.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gzdt/art/2022/art_4acd39ee41a94c99b954d1482b835755.html", "description": "On 16 September 2022, the Yunnan Provincial Communications Administration (YPCA) opened an investigation into seven applications, including “Yoxu Stock”, over alleged illegal collection and processing of personal data. The YPCA noted that the applications collected the data without obtaining consent from users. Furthermore, the YPCA aims to identify the violations and provide guidance to companies on how to rectify them. Finally, the YPCA stated that it wishes to promote safe and legal proced...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "调查应用程序运营商非法数据处理", "description_zh": "2022年9月16日，云南省通信管理局对“游虚股”等7款应用涉嫌非法收集、处理个人数据立案调查。 YPCA 指出，这些应用程序在未经用户同意的情况下收集了数据。此外，YPCA 旨在识别违规行为并为公司提供纠正指导。最后，YPCA 表示希望促进安全合法的程序......" }, { "date": "27 November 2022", "title": "TC260 Guidelines for Reporting Information on Information Security Technology and Network Security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20220928171256&norm_id=20201104200045&recode_id=48793", "description": "On 27 November 2022, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed its public consultation on the draft guidelines for information security technology and network security reporting. The draft guidelines outline the types, methods and formats of reporting information relating to cyber security. In particular, TC260 aims to regulate how network security information, such as threats, vulnerabilities, security incidents and events, should be reported and in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260 信息安全技术和网络安全信息报告指南", "description_zh": "2022年11月27日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《信息安全技术和网络安全报告指南（草案）》的公开征求意见。指南草案概述了报告网络安全相关信息的类型、方法和格式。特别是，TC260 旨在规范网络安全信息（例如威胁、漏洞、安全事件和事件）的报告和处理方式。" }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "National standards regarding Security Assessment Guidelines", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20220930172848963168&norm_id=20201104200023&recode_id=48913", "description": "On 29 November 2022, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed its public consultation on the five-part \"Information Technology Security Assessment Guideline\", as well as on the related \"Information Technology Security Evaluation Method\". This consultation covers Parts I to V, which lay out the framework and procedure for the security assessment of IT products. Part I includes an introduction, definition of terms, and an explanation of the genera...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安全评估指南国家标准", "description_zh": "2022年11月29日，国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了五部分《信息技术安全评估指南》及相关《信息技术安全评估方法》的公开征求意见。本次咨询涵盖第一部分至第五部分，列出了 IT 产品安全评估的框架和程序。第一部分包括简介、术语定义和一般解释..." }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "Information Security Technology Wireless LAN Client and Access System", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20220930172849026689&norm_id=20211108000022&recode_id=48917", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed its consultation on two national standards called the \"Security technology requirements on wireless local area network (WLAN) access system (Assessment Guarantee Level 2 Enhancement)\" and \"Security technology requirements on wireless local area network (WLAN) client (Assessment Assurance Level 2 Enhancement)\" respectively. The documents outline the requirements pertaining to the security ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息安全技术无线局域网客户端和访问系统", "description_zh": "2022年11月29日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《无线局域网（WLAN）接入系统安全技术要求（评估保障二级增强）》和《无线局域网（WLAN）客户端安全技术要求（评估保障二级增强）》两项国家标准的征求意见。这些文件概述了有关安全的要求......" }, { "date": "12 August 2022", "title": "Security Requirements for Pre-installed Applications", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20221009202120&norm_id=20220921103038&recode_id=48947", "description": "On 8 December 2022, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed its public consultation on its national standard of \"Information Security Technology - Basic Security Requirements for Pre-Installed Applications on Smartphones\". It is aimed at smartphone manufacturers as well as third-parties app security assessors. The standard requires pre-installed applications to be generally uninstallable unless they fulfil a basic device function. The standard furt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "预装应用程序的安全要求", "description_zh": "2022年12月8日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）《信息安全技术智能手机预装应用基本安全要求》国家标准结束公开征求意见。它针对的是智能手机制造商以及第三方应用程序安全评估机构。该标准要求预安装的应用程序通常是可卸载的，除非它们满足基本的设备功能。标准的毛..." }, { "date": "5 January 2023", "title": "TC260 Batch of 14 Cybersecurity Standards", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20221017101959", "description": "On 1 May 2023, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) implemented a batch of 14 cybersecurity standards on various technology and application types. The standards cover cybersecurity requirements for secure gateway internet communication, movement recognition technology, genetic identification technology, voice recognition technology, personal information engineering, facial recognition technology, automotive data processing, instant messaging servic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260 批次 14 项网络安全标准", "description_zh": "2023年5月1日，中国国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）实施了一批涉及不同技术和应用类型的14项网络安全标准。该标准涵盖安全网关互联网通信、运动识别技术、基因识别技术、语音识别技术、个人信息工程、面部识别技术、汽车数据处理、即时通讯服务等网络安全要求。" }, { "date": "11 April 2022", "title": "Rules for the Implementation of Personal Information Protection Certification including data protection regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-11/18/c_1670399936658129.htm", "description": "On 4 November 2022, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published and implemented the “Rules for the Implementation of Personal Information Protection Certification”, including data protection regulations. The Rules are issued in accordance with the Chinese Regulations on Certification and Accreditation which outline the general principles for the certification of data controllers, both with regard to data controllers of information in China and data controllers that carry out cross-...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护认证实施细则，包括数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2022年11月4日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）发布实施《个人信息保护认证实施规则》，其中包括数据保护规定。该规则是根据《中国认证认可条例》制定的，该条例概述了数据控制者认证的一般原则，既针对中国境内的信息数据控制者，也针对进行跨境数据控制的数据控制者。" }, { "date": "16 January 2023", "title": "National standards regarding Framework for critical information infrastructure cybersecurity emergency system", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20221117111713&norm_id=20201104200013&recode_id=49437", "description": "On 16 January 2023, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closed the public consultation on the draft \"Information Security Technology Key Information Infrastructure Network Security Emergency Response System Framework\". The Framework outlines requirements that critical information infrastructure operators must follow to establish and improve their network security emergency response systems. According to the draft Framework, critical information in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关键信息基础设施网络安全应急体系框架国家标准", "description_zh": "2023年1月16日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《信息安全技术关键信息基础设施网络安全应急响应体系框架》草案的公开征求意见。该框架概述了关键信息基础设施运营者建立和完善网络安全应急响应系统必须遵循的要求。根据框架草案，关键信息..." }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Consumer protection regulation in Amendment of Anti-Unfair Competition Law", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202506/t20250627_446247.html", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the second revision to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law enters into force. The revised law includes consumer-protection safeguards and introduces regulatory provisions addressing unfair competition in digital business operations. Under Article 9, operators are prohibited from making false or misleading commercial advertisements regarding product performance, function, quality, sales status, or user evaluations, or from assisting others through fabricated transactions or fal...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "反不正当竞争法修改中的消费者保护规定", "description_zh": "2025年10月15日，《反不正当竞争法》第二次修改生效。修订后的法律包括消费者保护保障措施，并引入了解决数字业务运营中不公平竞争的监管条款。第九条 禁止经营者就产品性能、功能、质量、销售状况、用户评价等作出虚假或者引人误解的商业广告，或者以虚假交易、虚假信息为他人提供帮助。" }, { "date": "30 January 2023", "title": "Industrial Internet Enterprise Network Security Data Protection Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20221201145510", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed the consultation on the draft document titled “Industrial Internet Enterprise Network Security Part 4: Data Protection Requirements”. Specifically, the draft sets out a three-tiered system for classifying information as general, important, or core, with different requirements applicable dependent on the tier of data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工业互联网企业网络安全数据保护要求", "description_zh": "2023年1月30日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《工业互联网企业网络安全第4部分：数据保护要求》草案文件征求意见稿。具体来说，草案提出了一个三层系统，将信息分类为一般信息、重要信息或核心信息，根据数据层的不同，适用不同的要求。" }, { "date": "16 November 2022", "title": "Measures for the Administration of Cybersecurity in the Electric Power Industry", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-12/14/content_5731893.htm", "description": "On 16 November 2022, China's National Energy Administration adopted revised Measures for the Administration of Cybersecurity in the Electric Power Industry, substituting the 2014 Measures.\nElectric power enterprises are given several responsibilities and obligations related to network security, including appointing a chief network security officer, identifying security personnel, adequately protecting their own networks, selecting secure and trustworthy network products and services, conducti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电力行业网络安全管理办法", "description_zh": "2022年11月16日，国家能源局通过修订后的《电力行业网络安全管理办法》，取代2014年的《办法》。\n电力企业被赋予与网络安全相关的多项责任和义务，包括任命首席网络安全官、确定安全人员、充分保护自身网络、选择安全可信的网络产品和服务、开展网络安全工作等。" }, { "date": "19 December 2022", "title": "Chinese State Council Opinion on the Establishment of a Foundational Data System to Better Develop Key Data Elements", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2022-12/19/content_5732695.htm", "description": "On 19 December 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council adopted the Opinion on the Establishment of a Foundational Data System to Better Develop Key Data Elements. Structured in 20 points, the Outline contains general considerations and provisions concerning government planning, regulation and experimentation concerning the usage and governance of data, which must be rooted in a deep understanding of the technical nature of data as well as national, pe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务院关于建立基础数据体系更好发展关键数据要素的意见", "description_zh": "2022年12月19日，中共中央、国务院通过《关于建立基础数据体系更好发展关键数据要素的意见》。 《纲要》由20点组成，包含了有关数据使用和治理的政府规划、监管和实验的一般考虑和规定，这些必须植根于对数据技术性质以及国家、个人和地区的深刻理解。" }, { "date": "1 May 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in China-Philippines e-Commerce memorandum of understanding", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1192097", "description": "On 5 January 2022, China and the Philippines signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on electronic commerce (e-commerce). The MoU aims to promote the e-commerce sector through increased cooperation. In particular, the MoU aims to facilitate sharing experiences and best practices in e-commerce between businesses on recommended cybersecurity standards. According to the MOU, well-founded cybersecurity standards enable more cross-border e-commerce. The parties committed to sharing best practic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中菲电子商务谅解备忘录中的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2022年1月5日，中国和菲律宾签署电子商务谅解备忘录（MoU）。该谅解备忘录旨在通过加强合作来促进电子商务领域的发展。特别是，谅解备忘录旨在促进企业之间根据推荐的网络安全标准分享电子商务经验和最佳实践。根据谅解备忘录，完善的网络安全标准可以促进更多的跨境电子商务。双方致力于分享最佳实践..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Guiding Opinions of Sixteen Departments on Promoting the Development of the Data Security Industry", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-01/14/c_1675346873856103.htm", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), alongside 15 other government departments, issued the \"Guiding Opinions of Sixteen Departments on Promoting the Development of the Data Security Industry\". The Guidance outlines the broad policy direction for the development of data security industries in China to establish an innovation-driven industry that also protects rights and interests of the people's data security by 2035. To do so, the guidance encourages improvements ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "十六部门关于促进数据安全产业发展的指导意见", "description_zh": "2023年1月3日，国家网信办会同15个部门印发《十六部门关于促进数据安全产业发展的指导意见》。 《指导意见》概述了我国数据安全产业发展的总体政策方向，即到2035年建立创新驱动型产业，保障人民数据安全权益。为此，指导意见鼓励改进……" }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "CAICT Cyber Legislation White Paper (2022)", "url": "http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202301/t20230112_414232.htm", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the China Academy for Information Communications Technology (CAICT) published the \"Cyber Legislation White Paper (2022)\". The CAICT highlighted in the Paper the need to improve supervision of cross-border transfers of personal data in draft standards and regulations, as well as the regulation of processing special categories of personal data, such as minors, or medical health data, under the standards of the Personal Information Protection Law. In addition, the CAICT recom...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国信息通信研究院网络立法白皮书（2022）", "description_zh": "2023年1月12日，中国信息通信研究院发布《网络立法白皮书（2022）》。中国信息通信研究院在《文件》中强调，需要在标准和法规草案中完善对个人数据跨境传输的监管，并根据《个人信息保护法》的标准对未成年人、医疗健康数据等特殊类别个人数据的处理进行规范。此外，中国信息通信研究院建议..." }, { "date": "28 February 2023", "title": "Qinglang 2023 Spring Festival Network Environment Improvement Special Action", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-01/18/c_1675676650690321.htm", "description": "On 28 February 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) terminated the “Qinglang 2023 Spring Festival Improvement of the Network Environment” special action, which included guidelines for a campaign over the Lunar New Year focusing on online content moderation. This included, among others, investigating influencers or social media users who post misleading information, illegal online gambling and fraud, cyberbullying and strengthening protection for minors. Notably, the CAC’s guidel...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "青浪2023年春节网络环境整治专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年2月28日，国家网信办终止了“清浪2023年春节整顿网络环境”专项行动，其中包括开展春节期间网络内容监管专项行动。其中包括调查发布误导性信息的影响者或社交媒体用户、非法在线赌博和欺诈、网络欺凌以及加强对未成年人的保护。值得注意的是，CAC 的指南..." }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Notice on Strengthening the Risk Supervision of Digital Collections", "url": "https://amr.hainan.gov.cn/zw/tztg/202301/t20230129_3351790.html", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Hainan Provincial Market Supervision Administration (HPMA) released a \"Notice on Strengthening the Risk Supervision of Digital Collections\". The HPMA aims to address the hidden risks of fraud, money laundering, pyramid schemes, and illegal fund-raising in digital collections. In particular, the Notice outlines content moderation requirements regarding digital collections (NFTs), with the aim of reducing \"false propaganda\" and misleading advertisements. The HPMA state...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《关于加强数字馆藏风险监管的通知》内容审核规范", "description_zh": "2023年1月12日，海南省市场监督管理局发布《关于加强数字馆藏风险监管的通知》。 HPMA 旨在解决数字馆藏中欺诈、洗钱、传销和非法集资等潜在风险。该通知特别概述了有关数字馆藏（NFT）的内容审核要求，旨在减少“虚假宣传”和误导性广告。 HPMA 状态..." }, { "date": "2 August 2023", "title": "MIIT Notice for apps infringing user rights and interests", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2023/art_9705cbf4abd84068953807723d20442f.html", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) published a notice with a list of 46 apps and third-party development software kits that have infringed the Personal Information Protection Law and other related regulations. The list specifies the types of violations linked to each app, including illegal collection and use of personal information, illegal pop-up requests, excessive requests for permissions, and deception of users. The companies named on th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部关于App侵犯用户权益的通知", "description_zh": "2023年2月8日，中国工业和信息化部（MIIT）发布通知，列出了46款违反《个人信息保护法》等相关规定的应用程序和第三方开发软件包。该列表详细列出了每个应用程序的违规类型，包括非法收集和使用个人信息、非法弹窗请求、过度请求权限以及欺骗用户等。上面点名的公司..." }, { "date": "28 February 2023", "title": "Personal Information Protection in MIIT Notice on Further Improving the Service Capability of Mobile Internet Applications", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/tzgg/202302/t20230228_109637.html", "description": "On 28 February 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) published a notice on “Further Improving the Service Capability of Mobile Internet Applications”. According to the notice, the protection of personal information by mobile internet apps shall be strengthened by adhering to the principle of lawfulness, legitimacy and necessity, providing clear personal information processing rules and refraining from requiring users to agree to the processing of personal in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部个人信息保护关于进一步提升移动互联网应用服务能力的通知", "description_zh": "2023年2月28日，中国工业和信息化部发布《关于进一步提升移动互联网应用服务能力》的通知。通知指出，加强移动互联网应用程序对个人信息的保护，坚持合法、正当、必要的原则，提供明确的个人信息处理规则，不要求用户同意处理个人信息。" }, { "date": "3 March 2023", "title": "Data protection measures in Guidelines for the establishment of a standard mapping system for autonomous vehicles", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/statecouncil/ministries/202303/09/content_WS6409cbd9c6d0a757729e7e76.html", "description": "On 3 March 2023, China's Ministry of Natural Resources published Guidelines for the establishment of a standard mapping system for autonomous vehicles by 2025. Notably, the system will regulate data collection, data processing, and data output.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《自动驾驶汽车地图标准体系建立指南》中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2023年3月3日，中国自然资源部发布了《关于到2025年建立自动驾驶汽车测绘标准体系的指导意见》。值得注意的是，该体系将对数据采集、数据处理和数据输出进行规范。" }, { "date": "3 December 2023", "title": "CAC special action to clean up self-media", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-03/12/c_1680256771482498.htm", "description": "On 12 March 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) launched a two-month special campaign to clean up and rectify the alleged problems caused by \"self-media\", which are independently operated accounts that produce original content. The campaign seeks to prevent self-media accounts from posting misleading online information and harmful content, and to crack down on illegal profiting, fraud and counterfeiting.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办开展清理自媒体专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年3月12日，国家网信办开展为期两个月的专项行动，清理整顿“自媒体”涉嫌问题。该行动旨在防止自媒体账号发布误导性网络信息和有害内容，严厉打击非法牟利、欺诈和假冒行为。" }, { "date": "16 March 2023", "title": "White Paper on Construction of China's Internet Rule of Law in the New Era", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-03/16/c_1680606893541936.htm", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the State Council Information Office adopted the white paper \"Construction of China's Internet Rule of Law in the New Era\". The white paper focuses on explaining the foundations of China's Internet rule of law from four aspects: the advancement of Internet legislation, the strengthening of internet law enforcement, the development of Internet justice and the innovative implementation of internet law. The white paper presents China's vision for global internet governance, foc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新时代中国互联网法治建设白皮书", "description_zh": "2023年3月16日，国务院新闻办公室通过《新时代中国互联网法治建设》白皮书。白皮书重点从推进互联网立法、加强互联网执法、发展互联网司法、创新互联网法实施四个方面阐释我国互联网法治的基础。白皮书提出了中国的全球互联网治理愿景，重点..." }, { "date": "28 January 2023", "title": "Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export", "url": "http://fms.mofcom.gov.cn/article/tongjiziliao/202212/20221203376696.shtml", "description": "On 28 January 2023, China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), along with the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), closed the public consultation on the draft update to the Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export under the Foreign Trade Law of People’s Republic of China. The adjusted Catalogue includes several technologies subject to export restrictions. In particular, prohibited exports include computer network technologies involving state secrets, satellite data tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止出口限制出口技术目录", "description_zh": "2023年1月28日，中国商务部会同科学技术部结束了《中华人民共和国对外贸易法》禁止出口限制出口技术目录修订草案的公开征求意见。调整后的目录中包含了多项限制出口的技术。其中，禁止出口的包括涉及国家秘密的计算机网络技术、卫星数据传输..." }, { "date": "5 January 2023", "title": "Consumer Protection Regulation in Internet Advertising Management Measures", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/zw/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/fgs/art/2023/art_d93a579afd45413e8576e4623fab348f.html", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the State Administration for Market Regulation implemented its Internet Advertising Management Measures, which it adopted on 25 February 2023. The Measures clarify the responsibilities of advertisers and the limitations to lawful advertisement on the internet, including the prohibition of a series of dark patterns to influence consumer behaviour. The Measures also require advertisements to be identifiable. If relevant, details about algorithmic recommendation services must be p...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "互联网广告消费者保护管理办法", "description_zh": "2023年5月1日，国家市场监管总局实施了《互联网广告管理办法》，并于2023年2月25日通过。《办法》明确了广告主的责任以及互联网合法广告的限制，包括禁止一系列影响消费者行为的暗黑模式。 《办法》还要求广告具有可识别性。如果相关，必须提供有关算法推荐服务的详细信息..." }, { "date": "21 May 2023", "title": "CAC cybersecurity review of Micron", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/21/c_1686348043518073.htm", "description": "On 21 May 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Micron Technology, a semiconductor manufacturing company, compliance with security requirements. The CAC investigated the security of infrastructure supply chains, the potential impact on national security and whether there are any hidden product risks. The CAC found that Micron's network security does not meet the required standards and could negatively impact the country's national secur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CAC 对美光的网络安全审查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 21 日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）发布对半导体制造公司美光科技符合安全要求的调查裁定。国家网信办对基础设施供应链安全、对国家安全的潜在影响以及是否存在产品风险隐患进行了调查。国家网信办发现美光科技的网络安全不符合要求的标准，可能对国家安全产生负面影响..." }, { "date": "19 September 2020", "title": "Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List", "url": "https://english.mofcom.gov.cn/Policies/GeneralPolicies/art/2020/art_1889a24134054b5b841134c3fba44654.html", "description": "On 19 September 2020, the State Council of the People's Republic of China adopted and implemented the Unreliable Entity List, pursuant to the Foreign Trade Law and the National Security Law. The State shall organise and implement the Unreliable Entity List System, which will concern foreign activity in international economic, trade, and other relevant activities that is deemed to endanger national sovereignty, security or development interests of China, violate normal market transaction princ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "不可靠实体清单规定", "description_zh": "2020年9月19日，中华人民共和国国务院根据对外贸易法、国家安全法的规定，通过并实施不可靠实体清单。国家组织实施不可靠实体清单制度，对境外在国际经济、贸易及其他相关活动中被认为危害我国国家主权、安全、发展利益，违反正常市场交易原则的行为，予以制裁。" }, { "date": "18 April 2023", "title": "China’s Supreme People’s Procuratorate Opinions on Strengthening the Cyber Governance Work of Procuratorate Organs in the New Era", "url": "https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/xwfbh/wsfbt/202304/t20230418_611553.shtml#1", "description": "On 18 April 2023, China’s Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) issued the “Opinions on Strengthening the Cyber Governance Work of Procuratorate Organs in the New Era”. The Opinions highlight the importance of strengthening comprehensive cyberspace governance through coordinated procuratorial supervision over criminal, civil, and administrative procedures. Furthermore, the Opinions state that all procuratorial organs should participate in adopting and revising cyberspace legislation. The SPP h...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "最高人民检察院关于加强新时代检察机关网络治理工作的意见", "description_zh": "2023年4月18日，最高人民检察院印发《关于加强新时代检察机关网络治理工作的意见》。 《意见》强调，通过刑事、民事、行政程序检察监督协同，加强网络空间综合治理。此外，《意见》还提出，各检察机关应当参与网络空间立法的制定和修改。人民党..." }, { "date": "8 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation campaign \"Optimised Business Network Environment to Protect the Legal Rights and Interests of Enterprises\" (\"Qinglang\" series of special actions)", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-08/01/c_1692460647400775.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published a summary report of the campaign \"Optimising the Business Network Environment and Protecting the Legal Rights and Interests of Enterprises\" under the larger \"Qinglang\" series of special actions for 2023 and announced its continuation. The report outlines the actions taken by the authority to prevent opening websites, registering accounts, and publishing false information using the names of other companies, entrepreneurs,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“优化商务网络环境，保护企业合法权益”内容审核行动（“清浪”系列专项行动）", "description_zh": "2023年8月1日，国家互联网信息办公室发布2023年“清浪”系列专项行动“优化营商网络环境，保护企业合法权益”专项行动总结报告，并宣布继续开展。该报告概述了当局为防止使用其他公司、企业家的名字开设网站、注册账户和发布虚假信息而采取的行动。" }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Administrative Measures for the selection and engagement of accounting firms by state-owned enterprises and listed companies", "url": "http://kjs.mof.gov.cn/zhengcefabu/202305/t20230504_3882223.htm", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Finance issued the Administrative Measures for the selection and engagement of accounting firms by state-owned enterprises and listed companies. The Measures define listed companies as any company with shares offered and traded domestically. In particular, Article 7 of the Administrative Measures requires an increase in security checks before hiring an accounting firm, such as information security management capabilities and their general risk-taking mod...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国有企业和上市公司选聘会计师事务所管理办法", "description_zh": "2023年5月4日，中国财政部发布了《国有企业和上市公司选聘会计师事务所管理办法》。 《办法》将上市公司定义为在境内发行股票并交易的公司。特别是，《管理办法》第七条要求在聘请会计师事务所前增加信息安全管理能力、一般风险承担模式等安全审查。" }, { "date": "7 May 2023", "title": "Technical requirements for vehicle information security", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_3abe9112e20c44a19cc415265fae307b.html", "description": "On 5 July 2023, the public consultation closes on the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology draft Technical Requirements for Vehicle Information Security. The draft includes standards aiming at creating uniform rules for the cybersecurity of intelligent connected vehicles. In particular, car manufacturers would be required to establish a vehicle information security management system for the entire lifecycle of intelligent connected vehicles to provide data to analyse potential cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "车辆信息安全技术要求", "description_zh": "2023年7月5日，工业和信息化部《车辆信息安全技术要求》草案公开征求意见结束。该草案包括旨在为智能网联汽车网络安全制定统一规则的标准。特别是，汽车制造商需要建立智能网联汽车全生命周期的车辆信息安全管理系统，为分析潜在的网络安全提供数据。" }, { "date": "7 May 2023", "title": "Standard for Intelligent Network Vehicle Autopilot Data Recording System", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_3abe9112e20c44a19cc415265fae307b.html", "description": "On 5 July 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closed a consultation on the draft standard for Intelligent Network Vehicle Autopilot Data Recording Systems. The standardisation's goal is to ensure the security of the data collected by smart cars with an automated driving system. Furthermore, the draft contains technical requirements on how the data recording and storage system needs to function and methods for the system, including crash and trigger tests.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "智能网联汽车自动驾驶数据记录系统标准", "description_zh": "2023年7月5日，中国工业和信息化部结束了《智能网联汽车自动驾驶数据记录系统标准草案》征求意见稿。该标准化的目标是确保带有自动驾驶系统的智能汽车收集的数据的安全性。此外，草案还包含数据记录和存储系统如何运行以及系统方法的技术要求，包括碰撞和触发测试。" }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "Notice on Adjusting Matters Concerning the Safety Management of Dedicated Network Security Products", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-04/18/content_5751982.htm", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Finance, Certification and Accreditation Administration issued the notice on \"Adjusting Matters Concerning the Safety Management of Special Network Security Products\". The notice aims to unify the certification and testing system for network security products. Further, the notice outlines measures to improve network security product...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于调整专用网络安全产品安全管理有关事项的通知", "description_zh": "2023年4月12日，国家网信办、工业和信息化部、公安部、财政部、国家认监委发布《关于调整网络安全专用产品安全管理有关事项的通知》。该通知旨在统一网络安全产品认证检测制度。此外，通知还概述了改进网络安全产品的措施..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Revision of Counterespionage Law", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c30834/202304/a386e8ffa3d94047ab2f0d89b1ea73c4.shtml", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the revised Counterespionage Law was implemented. The revised Law alters the definition of \"acts of espionage\" to include stealing or otherwise illegal accessing or providing data related to national security and national interests. Further, the revised Law explicitly prohibits illegally obtaining or possessing data on state secrets. Finally, under the revised Law, the orchestration of cyber attacks into state organs and critical information infrastructure fall under the defin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "反间谍法修改", "description_zh": "2023年7月1日，修订后的反间谍法实施。修改后的法律改变了“间谍行为”的定义，包括窃取或者以其他方式非法获取、提供与国家安全和国家利益有关的数据。此外，修改后的法律明确禁止非法获取、持有国家秘密数据。最后，根据修订后的法律，对国家机关和关键信息基础设施进行网络攻击的定义属于……" }, { "date": "5 May 2023", "title": "List of compliant data exporting entities in Shanghai (Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports)", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/wsTpDrGBhwlux2fd9Zq5rw", "description": "On 5 May 2023, the Shanghai Internet Information Office announced that two companies, Mazda (China) Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. and Sephora (Shanghai) Cosmetics Sales Co., Ltd., have been approved as compliant data export projects in the country, pursuant to the CAC Measures for Security Assessment of Data Exports. As of 28 April 2023, nearly 60 of the applications of the over 400 applications the Shanghai Cyberspace Administration received have been submitted to the National Cyberspace A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海市合规数据出境主体名单（数据出境安全评估办法）", "description_zh": "2023年5月5日，上海市互联网信息办公室发布公告称，根据网信办《数据出境安全评估办法》，马自达（中国）企业管理有限公司、丝芙兰（上海）化妆品销售有限公司两家公司获批为全国合规数据出境项目。截至2023年4月28日，上海市网信办收到的400余份申请中，已向国家网信办提交了近60份申请。" }, { "date": "15 May 2023", "title": "Qinglang Special Action to Regulate Orderly Online Communication in Key Network Traffic Links", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-05/15/c_1685800966542476.htm", "description": "On 15 May 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued a statement regarding the progress of the Qinglang Special Action to Regulate Orderly Online Communication in Key Network Traffic Links. The Special Action was initiated with the intention of cleaning up fake news outlets on key websites, such as short-video platforms and search engines. The Special Action focuses on the responsibilities of website operators in removing disinformation, including accounts pretending to be offi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "青浪规范重点网络流量环节网络通信秩序专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年5月15日，国家互联网信息办公室就清浪规范网络重点流量环节网络通信秩序专项行动进展情况发表声明。此次专项行动的目的是清理短视频平台、搜索引擎等重点网站上的虚假新闻媒体。此次专项行动重点关注网站运营商删除虚假信息的责任，包括冒充官方账户的信息。" }, { "date": "7 June 2023", "title": "Regulations for the Management of Proximity-Based Ad Hoc Networks Information Services", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-06/06/c_1687698272954687.htm", "description": "On 6 July 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) closed its consultation on the draft Regulations for the Management of Proximity-Based Ad Hoc Network Information Services. The Regulations would apply to proximity-based information technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi which can be used for information and content sharing. Under the draft Regulations, proximity-based networking information service providers are required to prevent and address the dissemination of harmful inform...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "邻近自组织网络信息服务管理规定", "description_zh": "2023年7月6日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）结束了《近距离自组织网络信息服务管理规定（草案）》征求意见稿。该法规将适用于蓝牙和 Wi-Fi 等可用于信息和内容共享的近距离信息技术。根据草案规定，近距离网络信息服务提供者应当预防和解决有害信息传播..." }, { "date": "7 May 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity review into Boss Zhipin, Yunmanman and Huochebang", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2021-07/05/c_1627071328950274.htm", "description": "On 5 July 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced that it had opened cybersecurity investigations into online recruitment platform Boss Zhipin and trucking platforms Yunmanman and Huochebang. The CAC also announced that new user registration for the platforms would be halted during the investigation period.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "老板直拼、运满满、货车帮网络安全审查", "description_zh": "2021年7月5日，国家网信办宣布对在线招聘平台老板直聘、货运平台运满满、货运帮立案调查。网信办还宣布，调查期间将停止该平台的新用户注册。" }, { "date": "3 January 2020", "title": "Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Online Information Content", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2020/content_5492511.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2020, China's State Internet Information Office implemented the Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Online Information Content, containing requirements for producers of online information content, as well as for platforms hosting online information content and users of such platforms. Producers are encouraged to produce certain online information content, such as content promoting socialist values or Chinese culture. At the same time, producers are prohibited from producing...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络信息内容生态治理条例", "description_zh": "2020年3月1日，国家互联网信息办公室实施《网络信息内容生态治理条例》，对网络信息内容生产者、网络信息内容承载平台和平台使用者提出要求。鼓励生产者制作某些网络信息内容，例如宣扬社会主义价值观或中华文化的内容。同时，生产者不得生产..." }, { "date": "25 September 2023", "title": "Supreme People's Court Guiding Opinions on Legally Punishing Cyber Violence and Crimes", "url": "https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/412992.html", "description": "On 25 September, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security adopted the Guiding Opinions on punishment, violence and crime on the Internet in accordance with the law. The guidelines provide legal clarity regarding the application of laws on cyber violence crimes, outlining protocols for handling cyber violence offences and fundamental policy principles governing the penalties for cyber violence offences. In addition, the guideline outlin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "最高人民法院关于依法惩治网络暴力犯罪的指导意见", "description_zh": "9月25日，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部依法通过《关于惩治网络暴力犯罪的指导意见》。该指南对网络暴力犯罪的法律适用进行了明确规定，概述了处理网络暴力犯罪的协议以及管理网络暴力犯罪处罚的基本政策原则。此外，该指南概述了..." }, { "date": "6 June 2023", "title": "TC 260 Practice Guidelines for Network Security Standards - Security Requirements for Personal Information Protection in Facial Recognition Payment Scenarios", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20230523223021", "description": "On 6 June 2023, the public consultation closed on the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) draft Practice Guidelines for Network Security Standards - Security Requirements for Personal Information Protection in Facial Recognition Payment Scenarios. The Practice Guidelines were developed in accordance with policies and regulations, aiming to establish personal information protection requirements for both face recognition payment service providers and the ma...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC 260 网络安全标准实践指南-人脸识别支付场景个人信息保护安全要求", "description_zh": "2023年6月6日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）《网络安全标准实践指南——人脸识别支付场景中个人信息保护安全要求》征求意见稿结束。根据政策法规，制定《实务指南》，旨在为人脸识别支付服务提供商和市场主体建立个人信息保护要求。" }, { "date": "6 June 2023", "title": "New AI law in State Council Legislative Work Plan for 2023", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202306/content_6884925.htm", "description": "On 6 June 2023, China's State Council released its Legislative Work Plan for the year 2023. The Plan sets out the government's legislative agenda, including, notably, preparing a draft Artificial Intelligence Law for submission to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The State Council further plans to submit a revised Anti-Money Laundering Law to the Standing Committee. Among the administrative regulations, the State Council plans to consider regulations on non-bank payme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新人工智能法列入国务院2023年立法工作计划", "description_zh": "2023年6月6日，中国国务院发布了2023年立法工作计划。该计划列出了政府的立法议程，特别包括起草人工智能法草案以提交全国人民代表大会常务委员会。国务院还拟将修改后的反洗钱法提交常委会。行政法规中，国务院拟研究制定非银行支付..." }, { "date": "12 May 2022", "title": "Data Localisation Requirement in Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Taxi Booking Business", "url": "https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/fgs/202212/t20221205_3719525.html", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the order amending the \"Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Taxi Booking Business Operations\" was implemented. The Interim Measures provide that applicants for online taxi licences should have, among other things, an internet taxi operating platform on servers set up in China. Personal information and business data must be stored in China.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络预约出租汽车业务管理暂行办法》数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2022年12月5日，修改《网络预约出租汽车业务经营管理暂行办法》的令施行。 《暂行办法》规定，申请网络出租车牌照的，应当具备设立在境内的服务器上的网络出租车运营平台。个人信息和商业数据必须存储在中国。" }, { "title": "CAC Domestic Deep Synthesis Service Algorithm Filing List", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/07/c_1769516642440314.htm", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) released the Fifteenth Batch of Record Information for Deep Synthesis Service Algorithms, in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Deep Synthesis in Internet Information Services. Article 19 of the Regulations stipulates that deep synthesis service providers with public opinion attributes or social mobilisation capabilities must carry out filing, change, and cancellation procedures in line with the Regulations ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CAC国内深度综合服务算法备案清单", "description_zh": "2026年1月7日，国家互联网信息办公室根据《互联网信息服务深度综合管理规定》，公布第十五批深度综合服务算法备案信息。 《条例》第十九条规定，具有舆情属性或者社会动员能力的深度综合服务提供者，必须按照《条例》办理备案、变更、注销手续..." }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "Qinglang 2023 Summer Vacation for Minors' Internet Environment Improvement Campaign", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-06/27/c_1689429083835260.htm?mc_cid=51bb1fb753&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China initiated the Qinglang 2023 Summer Vacation for Minors' Internet Environment Improvement Campaign, including content moderation regulation aimed at enhancing the digital environment for young people. The campaign aims to enhance online protections for minors and establish a secure online atmosphere. The campaign is scheduled to run for two months and primarily concentrates on diminishing the presence of harmful content on online platform...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "青浪2023年暑期未成年人网络环境整治活动", "description_zh": "2023年6月27日，国家网信办启动了青浪2023年暑期未成年人网络环境整治行动，其中包括旨在改善青少年数字环境的内容审核监管。该活动旨在加强对未成年人的网络保护，营造安全的网络氛围。该活动计划持续两个月，主要致力于减少在线平台上有害内容的存在......" }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "China and Hong Kong Memorandum of Understanding on Promoting Cross-Border Data Flow in the Greater Bay Area Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-06/30/c_1689687618127403.htm", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China and the Bureau of Innovation, Technology and Industry of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Promoting Cross-Border Data Flow in the Greater Bay Area Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao to establish cooperation in the field of cross-border data protection. Based on the MoU, the parties aim to enable cross-border data and promote quality development in the Greater Bay Area Guangdong...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内地与香港关于促进粤港澳大湾区跨境数据流动的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2023年6月29日，国家互联网信息办公室与香港特别行政区政府创新科技及工业局签署《关于促进粤港澳大湾区跨境数据流动的谅解备忘录》，建立跨境数据保护领域合作。根据谅解备忘录，双方旨在赋能跨境数据，推动粤港澳大湾区高质量发展……" }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in CAC Regulations on the Governance of Online Violence Information", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-06/14/c_1720043894161555.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)’s Regulations on the Governance of Online Violence Information enter into force. The regulations outline obligations to address online content deemed violent or harmful, aimed at upholding national cybersecurity and social order. In particular, the regulations require internet service providers to implement controls on user-generated content, establish robust content management systems, and promptly remove or block any material vi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办《网络暴力信息治理条例》中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2024年8月1日，国家互联网信息办公室《网络暴力信息治理规定》正式施行。该法规概述了处理被视为暴力或有害的在线内容的义务，旨在维护国家网络安全和社会秩序。特别是，法规要求互联网服务提供商对用户生成的内容实施控制，建立健全的内容管理系统，并及时删除或阻止任何材料..." }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Implementation Measures for Conducting Network Security Service Certification", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2023/art_d013c8d2ba024c659f1c468d53ea920f.html", "description": "On 28 March 2023, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, and the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) published the \"Implementation Measures for Conducting Network Security Service Certification\" aiming to improve the quality of network security services and to promote the development of the industry in China. Notably, the Implementation Measures require certificat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "开展网络安全服务认证实施办法", "description_zh": "2023年3月28日，工业和信息化部、市场监管总局、中央网信办、公安部印发《开展网络安全服务认证实施办法》，旨在提高我国网络安全服务质量，促进行业发展。值得注意的是，《实施办法》要求证明..." }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Measures for the Administration of Data Security in the Business Field of the People's Bank of China", "url": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/tiaofasi/144941/144957/5702602/index.html?mc_cid=c796b074af&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 30 June 2025, the People's Bank of China's Measures for the Administration of Data Security in the Business Field enter into force, formalising data security obligations for financial institutions and other authorised entities operating under its jurisdiction. The Measures outline data security obligations for entities processing personal data within the business domain of the PBC, limited to operations conducted exclusively within China. The PBC would be required to adopt data classificat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中国人民银行业务领域数据安全管理办法》网络安全规定", "description_zh": "2025年6月30日，中国人民银行《业务领域数据安全管理办法》正式生效，明确了其管辖范围内的金融机构和其他授权主体的数据安全义务。该办法概述了中国人民银行业务范围内处理个人数据的实体的数据安全义务，仅限于仅在中国境内开展的业务。中国人民银行将被要求采用数据分类..." }, { "date": "20 August 2023", "title": "Cross-border Data Transfer Provisions in Guangzhou Municipal Data Regulations", "url": "https://www.gz.gov.cn/zwfw/zxfw/gysy/content/post_9122418.html", "description": "On 20 August 2023, the Guangzhou Municipal Government Service Data Administration closed its consultation on the draft Guangzhou Municipal Data Regulations. The draft includes provisions regarding cross-border data transfer regulations, including a pilot program for cross-border data flow security management under the framework of the national data cross-border transmission security management system. The regulatory model also delves into the idea of implementing a \"white list\" system for cro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "广州市数据条例跨境数据传输规定", "description_zh": "2023年8月20日，广州市政务服务数据管理局结束了《广州市数据条例（草案）》征求意见稿。草案对数据跨境传输法规进行了规定，包括在国家数据跨境传输安全管理体系框架下开展数据跨境流动安全管理试点。该监管模式还深入探讨了对儿童实施“白名单”制度的想法..." }, { "date": "15 July 2023", "title": "Rules for Special Development Funds Supporting Data Factor Market Development in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone", "url": "https://www.pudong.gov.cn/019010004/20230708/762582.html", "description": "On 15 July 2023, the Rules for Special Development Funds Supporting Data Factor Market Development in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone issued by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy entered into force. The rules aim to accelerate the growth of the data element market in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, enhance data management capabilities of enterprises, and promote the value of data usage. They support data trading venues established in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国（上海）自由贸易试验区支持数据因子市场发展专项发展资金规定", "description_zh": "2023年7月15日，上海市经委印发的《支持中国（上海）自由贸易试验区数据因子市场发展专项发展资金实施细则》正式实施。该规则旨在加快中国（上海）自由贸易试验区数据要素市场发展，提升企业数据管理能力，提升数据利用价值。支持自贸试验区设立数据交易场所，..." }, { "date": "5 January 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Administrative Measures for Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-02/14/c_1741233507681519.htm", "description": "On 1 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)’s Measures for the Administration of Compliance Audits on Personal Information Protection enter into force. The measures establish a framework for auditing personal information processing activities in China and apply to all personal information processors operating within the country. Processors handling data of over 10 million individuals must conduct audits at least every two years. Authorities may mandate external audits if data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《个人信息保护管理办法》合规审核中的数据跨境传输监管", "description_zh": "2025年5月1日，国家互联网信息办公室《个人信息保护合规审核管理办法》正式施行。该办法建立了中国境内个人信息处理活动的审计框架，适用于在中国境内运营的所有个人信息处理者。处理超过 1000 万个人数据的处理者必须至少每两年进行一次审核。如果数据......" }, { "date": "8 October 2023", "title": "CAC standards for accepting and handling reports of enterprise-related internet infringement information on website platforms", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-08/10/c_1693319212099907.htm", "description": "On 10 August 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued standards for accepting and handling reports of enterprise-related internet infringement information on website platforms. The standards apply to domestic website platforms and require them to \"quickly and accurately\" accept and process enterprise-related network infringement information complaints. The Standards describe formalities of reporting the information and list the content classified as relevant, such as counter...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办网站平台涉企业网络侵权信息举报受理规范", "description_zh": "2023年8月10日，国家网信办发布网站平台涉企业网络侵权信息举报受理规范。该标准适用于国内网站平台，要求其“快速、准确”受理和处理与企业相关的网络侵权信息投诉。该标准描述了报告信息的手续，并列出了归类为相关的内容，例如反..." }, { "date": "25 July 2023", "title": "State Council Opinions on Further Optimising the Foreign Investment Environment and Enhancing the Attraction of Foreign Investment", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202308/content_6898048.htm", "description": "On 25 July 2023, the Chinese State Council adopted the Opinions on Further Optimising the Foreign Investment Environment and Enhancing the Attraction of Foreign Investment. The document includes eight different aspects, including guaranteeing equal treatment, protecting foreign investment, and improving facilitation of operations. One of the specific points of the Opinions concern cross-border data flows, where the State Council accentuates the importance of carrying out outbound security ass...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务院关于进一步优化外商投资环境增强吸引外资的意见", "description_zh": "2023年7月25日，中国国务院通过《关于进一步优化外商投资环境增强吸引外资的意见》。文件包括保障平等待遇、保护外商投资、提高运营便利化等八个方面。 《意见》的具体要点之一涉及数据跨境流动，国务院强调开展出境安全评估的重要性..." }, { "date": "24 October 2023", "title": "Standard on Information Security Technology Requirements for Large-scale Internet Enterprises to Establish Personal Information Protection Supervision Institutions", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20230826090323789567&norm_id=20221103232111&recode_id=52850", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the Chinese National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed its consultation on a draft standard on the Information Security Technology Requirements for Large-scale Internet Enterprises to Establish Personal Information Protection Supervision Institutions. The standard sets out requirements for creating and operating personal information protection supervisory agencies within large Internet companies, a requirement set up by the Personal In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大型互联网企业设立个人信息保护监管机构信息安全技术要求标准", "description_zh": "2023年10月24日，国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）《大型互联网企业设立个人信息保护监管机构信息安全技术要求》标准草案征求意见稿结束。该标准规定了大型互联网公司内部建立和运营个人信息保护监管机构的要求，这是个人信息保护部制定的要求。" }, { "date": "25 August 2023", "title": "Guidelines for Upholding Data Security in Money Brokering", "url": "https://www.cbirc.gov.cn/cn/view/pages/governmentDetail.html?docId=1124968&itemId=861&generaltype=1", "description": "On 25 August 2023, the State Administration of Financial Supervision, the People's Bank, the Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Internet Information Office, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Matters Concerning Regulating the Data Services of Currency Brokerage Companies issued a notice including guidelines for interdealer brokers to enhance their data and risk management practices. The emphasis was on safeguarding data security. They also issued a set of rules to en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "维护货币经纪数据安全的指南", "description_zh": "2023年8月25日，国家金融监管总局、人民银行、证监会、国家互联网信息办公室、国家外汇管理局关于规范货币经纪公司数据服务有关事项的通知下发《关于规范货币经纪公司数据服务和风险管理的指引》。重点是保护数据安全。他们还发布了一套规则来..." }, { "date": "21 June 2023", "title": "Zheijang list of APPs violating users' rights under PIPL", "url": "https://zjca.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg/art/2023/art_f07960edc3e746a2bade2853343ec51d.html", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the Zheijang Communications Administration published a list of 18 APPs in breach of users' rights and interests under the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). In particular, 18 apps from Baidu Mobile Assistant, and Huawei AppGallery, among others, have failed to implement the required measures by the authorities on data collection and use. Developers and operators have been notified and may be subjected to delisting, closure, or administrative penalties.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "浙江省侵犯用户权益APP名单", "description_zh": "2023年6月21日，浙江省通信管理局公布了18款侵犯《个人信息保护法》规定的用户权益的APP名单。其中，百度手机助手、华为应用市场等18款应用程序未能落实主管部门要求的数据收集和使用措施。开发商和运营商已收到通知，可能会受到下架、关闭或行政处罚。" }, { "date": "10 July 2023", "title": "Content Moderation in Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/flcaw/userIndex.html?lid=ff8081818a22132f018a499710595932", "description": "On 7 October 2023, the public consultation on the draft of the revised Law on Administrative Penalties for Public Security was closed. The regulation would add new punishable behaviours and adapt punishments. In the context of content moderation, Article 30 prohibits spreading of online articles and information that promote cults. In addition, Article 32 prohibits producing or spreading articles that undermine the Chinese spirit or hurt the Chinese nation. The penalties for a serious breach o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "治安管理处罚法的内容审查", "description_zh": "2023年10月7日，治安管理处罚法修订草案公开征求意见结束。该规定将增加新的惩罚行为并调整惩罚措施。在内容审核方面，第30条禁止在网上传播宣扬邪教的文章和信息。此外，第32条禁止制作、传播损害中华精神、伤害中华民族的文章。对严重违反规定的处罚..." }, { "date": "9 July 2023", "title": "Legislative plan of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202309/t20230908_431613.html", "description": "On 7 September 2023, China announced the Legislative plan of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee. The plan includes several legislative changes likely to affect the digital economy, including amendments to the Unfair Competition Law, the Product Quality Law, the Foreign Trade Law, the Customs Law, the Tax Collection Administration Law, and the Cybersecurity Law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会立法方案", "description_zh": "2023年9月7日，中国公布了第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会立法方案。该计划包括几项可能影响数字经济的立法修改，包括修改《反不正当竞争法》、《产品质量法》、《对外贸易法》、《海关法》、《税收征收管理法》和《网络安全法》。" }, { "date": "10 July 2023", "title": "Provisions on the Production and Management of Civilian Unmanned Aircrafts", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2023/art_4bc4a4c38f4e47efa23d7b8b6947b106.html", "description": "On 7 October 2023, the China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closed the consultation on the draft of the provisions on the production and management of civilian unmanned aircraft. The provisions would apply to all manufacturing, selling, or using civilian unmanned aircraft in China. Among others, producers must take measures against network and data security defects. Also, the users must be notified. Further, the aircraft's data traceability must be ensured, and an emergency d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "民用无人机生产管理规定", "description_zh": "2023年10月7日，中国工业和信息化部就民用无人机生产管理规定（草案）结束征求意见。该规定适用于在中国制造、销售或使用的所有民用无人机。其中，生产者必须针对网络和数据安全缺陷采取措施。此外，还必须通知用户。此外，必须确保飞机的数据可追溯性，并进行紧急处理..." }, { "date": "19 September 2023", "title": "Tenth batch of platforms adopting unified content reporting and acceptance methods", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-09/19/c_1696780746553221.htm", "description": "On 19 September 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the tenth batch of platforms adopting unified content reporting and acceptance methods. The CAC lists the 405 new platforms to adopt such methods, which include having prominent displays informing users about the correct channels to report illegal or otherwise problematic content. The new platforms include prominent platforms like Douyin e-commerce and Kuaishou e-commerce. According to the CAC, more than 4'500 platfo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第十批采取统一内容申报受理方式的平台", "description_zh": "2023年9月19日，国家网信办公布了第十批采用统一内容报送方式的平台。 CAC 列出了 405 个采用此类方法的新平台，其中包括在显着位置显示，告知用户举报非法或其他问题内容的正确渠道。新平台包括抖音电商、快手电商等知名平台。据 CAC 称，超过 4,500 个平台..." }, { "date": "19 October 2023", "title": "Beijing Foreign Investment Regulations", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/hudong/gfxwjzj/zjxx/202309/t20230920_3263225.html", "description": "On 19 October 2023, the Beijing Municipal Commerce Bureau closed its consultation on the \"Beijing Foreign Investment Regulations\" draft. In particular, the draft proposes the introduction of several measures to promote and regulate foreign investments in Beijing, including the evaluation of data exports from foreign-invested companies for security purposes, certification for safeguarding personal information, and the submission of standardised contracts for exporting personal data. Moreover, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北京市外商投资条例", "description_zh": "2023年10月19日，北京市商务局对《北京市外商投资条例》草案征求意见稿结束。草案特别提出在京出台多项促进和规范外商投资的措施，包括外商投资企业数据出境安全评估、个人信息保护认证、提交标准化个人数据出境合同等。而且， ..." }, { "date": "22 March 2024", "title": "CAC Regulations on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-03/22/c_1712776611775634.htm", "description": "On 22 March 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) adopted Regulations on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows, outlining the mechanisms that have to be used for the transfer of data to other jurisdictions. Under the adopted regulations, the entities are required to disclose if they store imported data. The regulations specify that entities don't have to apply data export security assessments to transfer data if relevant departments have not notified them, the importa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办关于促进和规范跨境数据流动的规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 22 日，中国国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）通过了《促进和规范跨境数据流动的规定》，概述了数据向其他司法管辖区传输必须采用的机制。根据通过的法规，实体如果存储导入的数据，则必须披露。 《规定》明确，相关部门未通知的，主体传输数据可以不需进行数据出境安全评估，重要的是..." }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "Qinglang Life Service Platform Information Content Rectification", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-01/08/c_1706379435903414.htm", "description": "On 8 January 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the results of the operation of Qinglang Life Service Platform Information Content Rectification. The CAC investigated violations on 20 different life service platforms, including chat and dating platforms, online shopping, search engines and job recruitment. The CAC announced that, since the beginning of the Operation, more than 7.9 million pieces of illegal information and 1.7 million accounts had been removed, 562 we...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "晴朗生活服务平台信息内容整改", "description_zh": "2024年1月8日，国家网信办公布了晴朗生活服务平台信息内容整改运行结果。网信办对聊天交友、网络购物、搜索引擎、招聘等20个生活服务平台的违法行为进行了立案调查。国家网信办宣布，自行动开展以来，已删除违法信息790万余条、账户170万余个，删除违规信息562个。" }, { "date": "29 September 2023", "title": "CAC Qinglang-Hangzhou Special Action regarding Asian Games and Asian Para Games for improvement of internet environment", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-09/29/c_1697643122481670.htm", "description": "On 29 September 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published a progress report regarding the CAC Qinglang-Hangzhou Special Action regarding the Asian Games and Asian Para Games for the improvement of the internet environment. During the special action, the CAC has conducted investigations and imposed penalties on illegal and unauthorised online accounts. Since its inception, local cyberspace authorities have guided and instructed website platforms to adhere to their primary d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办青浪-杭州亚运会、亚残运会改善网络环境专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年9月29日，国家互联网信息办公室发布《网信办青浪·杭州亚运会、亚残运会改善网络环境专项行动进展报告》。在专项行动中，网信办对非法、未经授权的网络账户进行了调查和处罚。自成立以来，各地网信部门引导和指导网站平台恪守基本原则，..." }, { "date": "11 October 2023", "title": "10 recommended national standards and 81 industry standards for the communications industry", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2023/art_f23cb81abdec4dbe88a6f074e6df8d72.html", "description": "On 10 November 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closed its consultation on 10 recommended national standards and 81 industry standards for the communications industry. The standards span a variety of topics related to telecommunications infrastructure, domain management, networks, and cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信行业推荐性国家标准10项、行业标准81项", "description_zh": "2023年11月10日，中国工业和信息化部结束了通信行业10项推荐性国家标准和81项行业标准的征求意见。这些标准涵盖了与电信基础设施、域管理、网络和网络安全相关的各种主题。" }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "CAC investigation into Quark and NetEase CC over compliance with Network Security Law and Network Information Content Regulations", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-10/30/c_1700323940777319.htm", "description": "On 30 October 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Quark and NetEase CC over their compliance with Network Security Law and Network Information Content Ecological Governance Regulations. Quark functions as a platform for information retrieval, storage, and consumption, whereas NetEase CC specialises in providing live-streaming services. Quark was subjected to a CNY 500’000 fine for the promotion of explicit content and vulgar keywords....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办对夸克、网易CC违反《网络安全法》《网络信息内容管理条例》的情况立案调查", "description_zh": "2023年10月30日，国家互联网信息办公室发布对夸克、网易CC违反《网络安全法》和《网络信息内容生态治理条例》的调查裁定。 Quark是一个信息检索、存储和消费的平台，而网易CC则专注于提供直播服务。夸克因推广露骨内容、低俗关键词被处以50万元罚款……" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines for protection of cross-border personal Information in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20231101123231", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC 260) closed the consultation on draft Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guidelines for the protection of cross-border personal Information in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area. The draft guidelines were issued in accordance with the Memorandum of Cooperation on Facilitating Cross-Border Data Flow in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (MoU). The guideline provides a framework...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "粤港澳大湾区跨境个人信息保护网络安全标准实践指南", "description_zh": "2023年11月15日，国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC 260）结束了《粤港澳大湾区跨境个人信息保护网络安全标准实施指南（征求意见稿）》征求意见稿。该指引草案是根据《粤港澳大湾区便利数据跨境流动合作备忘录》发布的。该指南提供了一个框架..." }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "Guiding Opinions on the Innovation and Development of Humanoid Robots", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcjd/art/2023/art_e3f5686c2f0d49f9968b7ae011d558e1.html", "description": "On 2 November 2023, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology adopted the Guiding Opinions on the Innovation and Development of Humanoid Robots. The Guiding Opinions establish strategic goals for a three-year plan leading up to 2025 and a five-year outlook until 2027. These goals include the establishment of an innovation system for humanoid robots, making breakthroughs in key technologies, achieving international standards for whole robotic products, and exploring effective...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于仿人机器人创新发展的指导意见", "description_zh": "2023年11月2日，中国工业和信息化部通过了《仿人机器人创新发展指导意见》。 《指导意见》确立了到2025年的三年规划和到2027年的五年展望的战略目标，包括建立仿人机器人创新体系、突破关键技术、机器人整体产品达到国际标准、探索有效..." }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Measures for Data Security Management of Accounting Firms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-05/10/c_1717011564369521.htm", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Interim Measures for Data Security Management of Accounting Firms enter into force. The interim measures establish data security obligations for accounting firms that provide auditing services for certain categories of companies, such as critical information infrastructure operators, large network platform operators, and domestic enterprises that are to be listed abroad. Specifically, the interim measures establish data security obligations for accounting firms, includi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《会计师事务所数据安全管理办法》网络安全规定", "description_zh": "2024年10月1日，《会计师事务所数据安全管理暂行办法》施行。 《暂行办法》规定了为关键信息基础设施运营者、大型网络平台运营者、境内拟境外上市企业等特定类别公司提供审计服务的会计师事务所的数据安全义务。具体来说，暂行办法规定了会计师事务所的数据安全义务，包括..." }, { "date": "17 November 2023", "title": "CAC special action of Qinglang Internet Violence Censorship", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-11/17/c_1701809613019558.htm", "description": "On 17 November 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) launched a special action of Qinglang Internet Violence Censorship with the aim of clearing internet hostility. The action covers four main areas. First, the action clarifies the work objectives by identifying the key areas where internet hostility is most present and engaging the responsibility of the platforms. Second, seven issues were identified on which a special focus is placed. These issues include the topics of combatti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办青浪网络暴力审查专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年11月17日，国家网信办开展清浪网络暴力清理专项行动，清除网络敌意。行动涵盖四个主要领域。一是明确了工作目标，明确了网络敌对行为最严重的重点领域，压实了平台责任。二是明确了七个重点问题。这些问题包括战斗主题..." }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "TC260 Guidelines for Network Security Standard Practices - Interconnection Format of Network Security Products Asset Information", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240325113218", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) adopted the Guidelines for Network Security Standard Practices - Interconnection Format of Network Security Products Asset Information. The guidelines aim to promote effective interoperability and integration of asset information on the interconnection of cybersecurity products. The guidelines provide a detailed description format for asset information, clarifying the design, development, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全标准实践指南-网络安全产品资产信息互联格式", "description_zh": "2024年3月13日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）通过了《网络安全标准实践指南——网络安全产品资产信息互联格式》。该指南旨在促进网络安全产品互联互通和资产信息的有效互操作和集成。该指南提供了资产信息的详细描述格式，明确了设计、开发、..." }, { "date": "13 November 2023", "title": "Investigation into the approval request by Qichacha for its Corporate Credit Information Overseas Inquiry Platform", "url": "https://www.sipac.gov.cn/szgyyq/mtjj/202311/ba22c56b64194b2493ffb2c9ae112dfa.shtml?mc_cid=5e98ca3d86&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 13 November 2023, Qichacha passed the data outbound security assessment by the State Internet Information Office for its \"Corporate Credit Information Overseas Inquiry Platform.\" The certification allows the company to support business dealings and investments between Chinese and foreign entities, playing a role in enhancing international economic and trade cooperation. Compliant with the \"Data Outbound Security Assessment Measures,\" the platform is designed to enable the secure export of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对企查查企业信用信息境外查询平台申请审批的调查", "description_zh": "2023年11月13日，企查查“企业信用信息境外查询平台”通过国家互联网信息办公室数据出境安全评估。该认证使公司能够支持中外实体之间的商业往来和投资，为加强国际经济贸易合作发挥作用。该平台符合《数据出境安全评估办法》，旨在实现......" }, { "date": "11 January 2025", "title": "Measures for Management of Cybersecurity Incident Reporting", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/15/c_1759583017717009.htm", "description": "On 1 November 2025, the National Cybersecurity Incident Reporting Management Measures, formulated by the Cyberspace Administration of China, enter into force. These measures standardise the management of cybersecurity incident reporting. Network operators within the People's Republic of China, including owners, managers, and service providers, must report cybersecurity incidents when they occur. Operators are required to assess incidents based on the guidelines for the classification of cyber...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全事件报告管理办法", "description_zh": "2025年11月1日，国家网信办制定的《国家网络安全事件报告管理办法》正式施行。这些措施规范了网络安全事件报告管理。中华人民共和国境内的网络运营者，包括所有者、管理者、服务提供者，必须在发生网络安全事件时报告。运营商必须根据网络分类指南来评估事件..." }, { "date": "13 December 2023", "title": "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Implementation Guidelines for the Standard Contract for Cross-border Flow of Personal Information (Mainland, Hong Kong)", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-12/13/c_1704042786237103.htm", "description": "On 13 December 2023, the Implementation Guidelines for the Standard Contract for Cross-border Flow of Personal Information within the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA Standard Contract) entered into force. The Standard Contract was adopted by the Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau (ITIB) of Hong Kong and the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) and aims to promote and enable the safe and orderly transfer of personal data within the GBA and is implementing the signed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "粤港澳大湾区个人信息跨境流动标准合同实施指引（内地、香港）", "description_zh": "2023年12月13日，《粤港澳大湾区个人信息跨境流动标准合同实施指引》（以下简称《粤港澳大湾区标准合同》）正式生效。该标准合同由香港创新科技及工业局（ITIB）和国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）采用，旨在促进和实现大湾区内个人数据的安全有序传输，并正在实施签署的..." }, { "date": "12 December 2023", "title": "Special action to regulate content of short videos", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-12/12/c_1704042778297969.htm", "description": "On 12 December 2023, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced a one-month special action to regulate the content of short videos aiming to address incorrect information in short videos and enhance content review systems on short video platforms. The notice notes the intention to rectify three main issues, spreading false information, inappropriate behaviour in short videos, and spreading misconceptions. Specific examples and categories of problematic content are outlined, ranging from...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "规范短视频内容专项行动", "description_zh": "2023年12月12日，国家网信办宣布开展为期一个月的短视频内容规范专项行动，旨在纠正短视频中的错误信息，健全短视频平台内容审核制度。 《通知》指出，重点整治散布虚假信息、短视频不当行为、散布错误观念三大问题。概述了有问题的内容的具体示例和类别，范围从..." }, { "date": "20 December 2023", "title": "Chinese Basic AI Corpus", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-12/21/c_1704735300488236.htm", "description": "On 20 December 2023, the Artificial Intelligence Security Governance Professional Committee of the China Cyberspace Security Association announced the release of the Chinese Basic AI Corpus, the first batch of Chinese basic corpora for large models released to the public. The corpus includes more than 100 million pieces of data and 50 billion tokens, and it is the result of the joint effort of enterprises, universities and scientific research units.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中文基础人工智能语料库", "description_zh": "2023年12月20日，中国网络空间安全协会人工智能安全治理专业委员会宣布发布中国人工智能基础语料库，这是第一批向社会公开的中国大型模型基础语料库。该语料库包含超过1亿条数据和500亿个代币，是企业、大学和科研单位共同努力的结果。" }, { "date": "29 December 2023", "title": "CAC investigation into Super Flashlight APP for alleged violation of the Cybersecurity Law and Regulations on Ecological Governance of Network Information Content", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-12/29/c_1705519843935413.htm", "description": "On 29 December 2023, the State Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the closure of an investigation into Super Flashlight APP for alleged violation of the Cybersecurity Law and Regulations on the Governance of the Online Information Content Ecosystem. The app platformed content such as bad information and private gossip about entertainment stars and displayed them prominently in the Entertainment Headlines section. The Super Flashlight APP was given 30 days to rectify this issue...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办对超级手电筒APP涉嫌违反《网络安全法》《网络信息内容生态治理条例》立案调查", "description_zh": "2023年12月29日，国家网信办宣布对超级手电筒APP涉嫌违反《网络安全法》和《网络信息内容生态系统治理条例》的问题终止立案调查。该应用程序将不良信息和娱乐明星的私人八卦等内容平台化，并将其显示在娱乐头条部分的显着位置。超级手电筒APP被给予30天的时间来纠正这个问题......" }, { "date": "11 January 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Zhejiang Province Automobile Data Processing Management Regulations", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/2Cn7krdLC9oC0wcYTugBEA", "description": "On 1 November 2023, the Zhejiang Cyberspace Administration implemented the Zhejiang Province Automobile Data Processing Management Regulations, including data protection regulations. The Regulations set out that automobile data processors should generally inform data subjects prior to processing their personal information and obtain their contains, and that they must obtain separate consent from the data subject for each category of sensitive information and cannot obtain consent for several ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "浙江省汽车数据处理管理规定数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2023年11月1日，浙江省网信办实施《浙江省汽车数据处理管理规定》，其中包括数据保护规定。 《规定》规定，汽车数据处理者在处理个人信息前一般应当告知数据主体并获取其内容，且每一类敏感信息必须单独取得数据主体的同意，不得同时获得数项同意。" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Chongqing order on data export reporting by foreign-invested enterprises", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/9vEcLdhyQHKu4WNKDasAbg", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Chinese Cyberspace Administration in Chongqing adopted an order for foreign-invested enterprises and institutions involved in cross-border finance, logistics, and e-commerce to report their data export activities. This is in line with the Data Security Law and the Measures for Security Assessment of Cross-border Data Transfer. The order covers data collected and generated within the country that is transferred or stored overseas or data that can be accessed, queried, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重庆市关于外商投资企业数据导出报告的规定", "description_zh": "2023年11月15日，重庆市网信办发布命令，要求跨境金融、物流、电子商务等外商投资企业、机构报告数据出境活动。这符合《数据安全法》和《数据出境安全评估办法》。该命令涵盖在国内收集和生成并传输或存储在海外的数据或可以访问、查询、……的数据。" }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "Regulations on the Promotion of Digital Trade in Hangzhou", "url": "http://www.hzrd.gov.cn/art/2023/11/8/art_1229690461_19072.html", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Hangzhou Municipal Government closed a consultation on the draft Regulations on the Promotion of Digital Trade in Hangzhou. The draft regulations aim to promote the development of digital trade, build a digital trade institutional system, and optimise the digital trade market environment. The regulations apply to work related to promoting the development of digital trade within the administrative region of Hangzhou. The term 'digital trade' refers to foreign trade acti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "杭州市数字贸易促进条例", "description_zh": "2023年12月7日，杭州市政府结束了《杭州市数字贸易促进条例（草案）》征求意见稿。条例草案旨在促进数字贸易发展，构建数字贸易制度体系，优化数字贸易市场环境。本条例适用于杭州市行政区域内促进数字贸易发展的相关工作。 “数字贸易”是指对外贸易活动..." }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Management Measures for Data Element Registration Services in Guizhou Province (Trial Implementation)", "url": "https://dsj.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/xxgkml/zcwj/bmwj/202311/t20231115_83084263.html", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Management Measures for Data Element Registration Services in Guizhou Province (Trial Implementation) by the Big Data Development Administration of Guizhou Province in China was implemented. The Trial Measures apply to various types of registration services for data elements conducted within the province, including initial registration, transaction registration, trust registration, change registration, cancellation registration, revocation registration, and renewal re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贵州省数据元登记服务管理办法（试行）", "description_zh": "2023年11月15日，中国贵州省大数据发展管理局《贵州省数据元登记服务管理办法（试行）》实施。 《试行办法》适用于在省内开展的各类数据元登记服务，包括初始登记、交易登记、信托登记、变更登记、注销登记、撤销登记、续展登记等。" }, { "date": "22 December 2023", "title": "National Data Bureau Data Elements plan including a framework for the establishment of market ecosystems for data", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/hdjl/yjzq/202312/t20231215_1362671.html?mc_cid=ccf01a157c&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the National Data Bureau of China (NDB) closed it's public consultation on \"Data Elements ×\", including a framework for the establishment of market ecosystems for data. The plan aims to leverage data elements to construct a digital economy centred on the notion that efficiently utilising data across industries can significantly boost economic productivity. It focuses on demand-driven, pilot-driven, and efficient market principles while ensuring safety, openness, and integ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据局数据元素计划，包括建立数据市场生态系统的框架", "description_zh": "2023年12月22日，中国国家数据局（NDB）结束了关于“数据要素×”的公众咨询，其中包括建立数据市场生态系统的框架。该计划旨在利用数据要素构建数字经济，其核心理念是跨行业有效利用数据可以显着提高经济生产率。它注重需求驱动、试点驱动、高效的市场原则，同时确保安全、开放、完整……" }, { "date": "3 March 2024", "title": "TC260 Information Security Technology Network Security Product Interconnection Alarm Information Format", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240104115733&norm_id=20231220154403&recode_id=53948", "description": "On 3 March 2024, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) closed the public consultation on the draft Information Security Technology Network Security Product Interconnection Alarm Information Format. The draft sets out the standard format for alarm messages in information exchanges among interconnected network security products. The introduced alarm information format is intended for the design, development, application, and testing of interconnected netw...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260信息安全技术网络安全产品互联报警信息格式", "description_zh": "2024年3月3日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《信息安全技术网络安全产品互联报警信息格式草案》的公开征求意见。草案规定了网络安全产品互联互通中报警消息的标准格式。引入的报警信息格式旨在用于互联网络的设计、开发、应用和测试。" }, { "date": "14 November 2023", "title": "SCA and MMSB Investigation into Personal Information Rights Protection in the Consumer Sector", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/csj/sh/202311/t20231115_3318730.shtml", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the Shanghai Cyberspace Administration (CA) and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau conducted an inspection into 6'043 companies' compliance with data protection regulations and issued rectification orders. The inspection is part of the \"Liangjian Pujiang\" special law enforcement action on personal information protection. Several companies' personal information collection practices were found to be non-compliant with data protection regulations. The CA stated that the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SCA和MMSB对消费领域个人信息权益保护的调查", "description_zh": "2023年11月14日，上海市网信办、市市场监管局对6043家企业数据保护规定合规情况进行检查，并责令整改。此次检查是“亮剑浦江”个人信息保护专项执法行动的一部分。一些公司的个人信息收集做法被发现不符合数据保护法规。 CA 表示，..." }, { "date": "15 December 2023", "title": "CCRC Issuance of General Personal Information Protection Certifications", "url": "https://www.isccc.gov.cn/xwdt/tpxw/12/909546.shtml", "description": "On 15 December 2023, the China Cybersecurity Review Technology and Certification Center (CCRC) awarded five companies, including Zhuhai M.U.S.T. Science and Technology Research Institute, Alipay (China) Network Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Huapinborui Network Technology Co., Ltd., and JD.com Technology Information Technology Co. with general personal information protection certifications according to the \"Rules for the Implementation of Personal Information Protection Certification\". Accordi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CCRC颁发一般个人信息保护认证", "description_zh": "2023年12月15日，中国网络安全审查技术认证中心（CCRC）授予珠海澳科大等五家企业“网络安全审查技术认证中心”荣誉称号。科学技术研究院、支付宝（中国）网络技术有限公司、北京华品博瑞网络技术有限公司、京东科技信息技术有限公司根据《个人信息保护认证实施规则》取得一般个人信息保护认证。雅阁..." }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Measures for Railway Critical Information Infrastructure", "url": "https://xxgk.mot.gov.cn/2020/jigou/fgs/202401/t20240104_3980678.html", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Cybersecurity Measures for Railway Critical Information Infrastructure entered into full force after the grace period for implementation ended. The measures aim to strengthen the security of the railway critical information infrastructure by establishing a network security monitoring and early warning system, and they mandate regular network security inspections and testing. They further strengthen the responsibility of operators, and mandate the improvement of cyberse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "铁路关键信息基础设施网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2024年2月1日，《铁路关键信息基础设施网络安全办法》在实施宽限期结束后全面生效。该措施旨在通过建立网络安全监测预警体系，加强铁路关键信息基础设施的安全保障，定期开展网络安全检查和测试。他们进一步强化了运营商的责任，并要求改进网络安全..." }, { "date": "31 December 2023", "title": "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Data Asset Management", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202401/content_6925470.htm", "description": "On 31 December 2023, the Ministry of Finance issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Data Asset Management. The document provides a comprehensive framework and guidelines for managing data assets across China, and it is directed at finance departments at various subnational levels. It is aimed at implementing the decisions of the Party Central Committee on building a data infrastructure system, standardising and strengthening data asset management, and promoting the digital economy. Prio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加强数据资产管理的指导意见", "description_zh": "2023年12月31日，财政部发布《关于加强数据资产管理的指导意见》。该文件为管理中国各地的数据资产提供了全面的框架和指南，面向地方各级财政部门。旨在贯彻落实党中央关于建设数据基础设施体系、规范和加强数据资产管理、推动数字经济发展的决策部署。普里奥..." }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Measures for Classified and Hierarchical Management of Cross-border Data Flow in Lingang New Area", "url": "https://www.lingang.gov.cn/erroritem/2024-02-10/07E3E9B5-F187-899B-9F21-74DF5E1B709C.pdf?", "description": "On 7 February 2025, the \"Lingang New Area Data Cross-border Flow Classification and Grading Management Measures (for Trial Implementation)\" are set to terminate. The regulation classifies cross-border data into three levels: core data, important data, and general data. General data can flow freely under relevant management requirements, core data is prohibited from crossing the border, and important data can be declared to the Municipal Party Committee's Internet Information Office for data e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "临港新片区跨境数据流分类分级管理办法", "description_zh": "2025年2月7日，《临港新区数据出境流分类分级管理办法（试行）》即将终止。 《条例》将跨境数据分为三个层次：核心数据、重要数据和一般数据。一般数据在相关管理要求下可自由流动，核心数据禁止跨境，重要数据可向市委网信办申报数据e..." }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "National Standard on Information Security Technology Cloud Computing Service Security Capability Assessment Method (GB/T 34942-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn//gb/search/gbDetailed?id=3B46A026CC5E469CE06397BE0A0AEEB8", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Information Security Technology Cloud Computing Service Security Capability Assessment Method enters into force, having been drawn up by the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260). The standard specifies the security capabilities required for cloud service providers. The standard categorises security capability requirements into general, enhanced, and advanced levels, with the latter two serving as supplements and reinforcements to the lo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息安全技术云计算服务安全能力评估方法国家标准（GB/T 34942-2025）", "description_zh": "2026年2月1日，全国网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）制定的《信息安全技术云计算服务安全能力评估方法》正式实施。该标准规定了云服务提供商所需的安全能力。该标准将安全能力要求分为通用、增强和高级三个级别，其中后两个级别是对现有安全能力要求的补充和加强。" }, { "date": "19 February 2024", "title": "TC260 List of 17 National Standards Projects for Network Security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240219162130", "description": "On 19 February 2024, China's National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted a list of 17 National Standards Projects for Network Security. The standards aim to ensure the security and integrity of network systems, data protection, and mitigation of various cyber threats. The standards include technical specifications for network traffic control products, information filtering products, anti-denial of service attack products, terminal access control products,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全17项国家标准项目清单", "description_zh": "2024年2月19日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）通过了17项网络安全国家标准项目清单。该标准旨在确保网络系统的安全性和完整性、数据保护以及减轻各种网络威胁。该标准包括网络流量控制产品、信息过滤产品、抗拒绝服务攻击产品、终端访问控制产品等技术规范。" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "Shanghai Framework for Comprehensively Aligning with International High-Standard Economic and Trade Rules to Promote High-level Institutional Opening of the China Pilot Free Trade Zone", "url": "https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/xwdt/gzjx/20240206/fd5a2eb0ae0f43e78c6e123b710cd240.html", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Shanghai Municipal State Council issued the framework for Shanghai to implement the overall plan for comprehensively aligning with international high-standard economic and trade rules to promote high-level institutional opening of the pilot free trade zone. The plan proposes a total of 117 measures focusing on 8 aspects. It also includes measures to regulate and promote cross-border data transfers, such as formulating an important data catalogue, exploring the establis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海全面对接国际高标准经贸规则推动中国自由贸易试验区高水平制度开放框架", "description_zh": "2024年2月6日，上海市国务院印发《上海实施全面对接国际高标准经贸规则推动自贸试验区高水平制度化开放总体方案》。规划提出了8个方面共117项措施。它还包括规范和促进跨境数据传输的措施，例如制定重要数据目录、探索建立..." }, { "date": "26 February 2024", "title": "Implementation Plan for Improving Data Security Capabilities in the Industrial Sector (2024-2026)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcjd/art/2024/art_2e57e615e5304c858f18ce3aa4014b0d.html", "description": "On 26 February 2024, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) issued the Implementation Plan for Improving Data Security Capabilities in the Industrial Sector (2024-2026). The Implementation Plan is a planning document intended to guide the development of data security in industry on the enterprise, regulatory, and industry sides. The Implementation Plan includes key tasks for enterprises, such as improving data security awareness across organisations, implementing hiera...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "提升工业领域数据安全能力实施计划（2024-2026年）", "description_zh": "2024年2月26日，中国工业和信息化部印发《提升工业领域数据安全能力实施方案（2024-2026年）》。 《实施方案》是企业、监管、行业三方指导行业数据安全发展的规划文件。该实施计划包括企业的关键任务，例如提高整个组织的数据安全意识、实施hiera..." }, { "date": "2 March 2024", "title": "Measures facilitating the cross-border flow of financial data in Shanghai Lingang free trade zone", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202402/07/content_WS65c2ea1ec6d0868f4e8e3dc6.html", "description": "On 3 February 2024, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce announced measures aimed at facilitating the cross-border flow of financial data in the Shanghai Lingang free trade zone. The Shanghai FTZ will set up a unified system for cross-border data exchange, featuring higher compatibility and interoperability. The unified system will support traditional electronic data interchange and application programming interface and consider the application of cross-chain docking of blockchain. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "上海临港自贸区便利金融数据跨境流动措施", "description_zh": "2024年2月3日，上海市商务委员会公布了上海临港自贸区金融数据跨境流动便利化措施。上海自贸试验区将建立统一的跨境数据交换系统，具有更高的兼容性和互操作性。统一系统将支持传统的电子数据交换和应用编程接口，并考虑区块链跨链对接的应用。特..." }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Enterprise Data Classification and Grading Standards in Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone", "url": "https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/tjsswjzz/zwgk/zcfg_48995/swjwj/202402/t20240207_6534807.html", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Municipal Commerce Bureau and Pilot Free Trade Zone Management Committee of Tianjin, China issued a notice regarding the \"Enterprise Data Classification and Grading Standards and Specifications\" for the China (Tianjin) Pilot Free Trade Zone. This is the first national standard specification for data classification and grading in Free Trade Zones (FTZs). The Standards classify enterprise data into 13 major categories and 40 sub-categories, dividing data into 3 levels: c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "天津自贸试验区企业数据分类分级标准", "description_zh": "2024年2月7日，市商务局、天津自由贸易试验区管委会发布关于印发中国（天津）自由贸易试验区《企业数据分类分级标准规范》的通知。这是自贸区首个数据分类分级国家标准规范。 《标准》将企业数据分为13大类、40小类，将数据分为3个级别：..." }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "MNR Administrative Measures for Providing Confidential Surveying and Mapping Results to Foreign Countries", "url": "http://gi.mnr.gov.cn/202402/t20240221_2837948.html?mc_cid=2321a17ade&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 21 March 2024, the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) of China closed the consultation on the draft rules outlining the application process for sharing mapping data with foreign entities. The proposed rules, which aim to replace the existing regulations from 2010, streamline the basic requirements for data sharing and detail the application and review process. Applicants must demonstrate the necessity of data sharing without posing a security risk and pass a review by the MNR, and if requ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自然资源部对外提供测绘成果保密管理办法", "description_zh": "2024年3月21日，中国自然资源部结束了关于与外国实体共享地图数据的申请流程的规则草案的征求意见。拟议的规则旨在取代 2010 年起的现行规定，简化了数据共享的基本要求，并详细说明了申请和审查流程。申请人必须证明数据共享的必要性且不构成安全风险，并通过自然资源部的审查，如果需要..." }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "Network Security Standard Practice Guidelines - Verification of the Effect of Partial Contouring Processing on Outside the Vehicle Screen", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240206093607", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the 'Network Security Standard Practice Guidelines - Verification of the Effect of Partial Contouring Processing on Outside the Vehicle Screen–’. The Guide provides a structured approach for verifying the process of local contour processing applied to faces and license plates within vehicle-collected exterior images. The document specifies a verification process, methods, and cri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全标准实践指南-车外屏幕局部轮廓处理效果验证", "description_zh": "2024年3月6日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）秘书处通过了《网络安全标准实践指南——车外屏幕局部轮廓处理效果验证——》。该指南提供了一种结构化方法，用于验证应用于车辆收集的外部图像中的人脸和车牌的局部轮廓处理过程。该文件规定了验证过程、方法和标准..." }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "2024 Special Actions for Clear Cyberspace (Qinming 2024)", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-03/15/c_1712088026696264.htm", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) implemented a series of \"clear\" special actions aimed at improving the network ecology. The actions focus on rectifying outstanding issues on the Internet. The special actions include stopping the spread of misinformation related to tourism, bizarre plot videos violating public order, inciting abuse, releasing pornography, and endangering minors' mental health. It further includes improving the business network environment by rect...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024年网络空间清明专项行动（清明2024）", "description_zh": "2024年3月15日，国家互联网信息办公室实施一系列旨在改善网络生态的“明确”专项行动。此次行动重点整治互联网突出问题。专项行动包括制止传播旅游虚假信息、违反公共秩序的离奇情节视频、煽动辱骂、发布色情内容、危害未成年人心理健康等。它还包括通过整顿改善业务网络环境..." }, { "date": "21 February 2024", "title": "Hubei Provincial Communications Administration Bureau's investigation into applications providers's compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://hubca.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/tzgg/art/2024/art_e67e984342b74af3bd3398732cfbe625.html", "description": "On 21 February 2024, the Hubei Provincial Communications Administration Bureau issued a Rectification Notice for 35 APPs found non-compliant with data protection regulations. The application providers were found non-compliant with Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law measures related to the collection of personal information, collection of personal information beyond the scope, and forcing users to use targeted push functions. The notice ordered the operators of these...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "湖北省通信管理局对应用程序提供商遵守数据保护规定的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024年2月21日，湖北省通信管理局对35款不符合数据保护规定的APP发出整改通知书。经查，应用提供者不符合《网络安全法》和《个人信息保护法》有关收集个人信息、超范围收集个人信息、强制用户使用定向推送功能等措施。该通知责令这些经营者..." }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "TC260 Data Classification and Grading Rules for Data Security Technology Rules (GB/T 43697-2024)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240321201412", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the Data Classification and Grading Rules for Data Security Technology Rules, as stipulated in the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China. The rules aim to establish a data classification and hierarchical protection system, providing guidelines for identifying important data and core data involved and establishing corresponding data security protection measures. The rul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260 数据安全技术规则数据分类分级规则（GB/T 43697-2024）", "description_zh": "2024年3月15日，国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）根据《中华人民共和国数据安全法》的规定，通过了《数据安全技术规则数据分类与分级规则》。该规则旨在建立数据分类分级保护制度，为识别涉及的重要数据和核心数据并建立相应的数据安全保护措施提供指导。规则..." }, { "date": "22 March 2024", "title": "CAC Guidelines for the Submission of Standard Contracts for the Transmission of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-03/22/c_1712783131692707.htm", "description": "On 22 March 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) adopted the Guidelines for the Submission of Standard Contracts for the Transmission of Personal Data. The guidelines provide a structured process for organisations to standardise and file contracts for transferring personal data abroad. Furthermore, it mandates registration for processors meeting specific criteria, prohibits circumvention of security assessments, and outlines a detailed filing procedure. This includes material su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CAC 提交个人数据传输标准合同指南", "description_zh": "2024年3月22日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）发布了《个人数据传输标准合同提交指引》。该指南为组织提供了一个结构化流程，用于标准化和归档向国外传输个人数据的合同。此外，它还要求对符合特定标准的处理者进行注册，禁止规避安全评估，并概述了详细的备案程序。这包括材料供应..." }, { "date": "4 March 2024", "title": "National Standardization Administration Committee standards for network security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240403131429", "description": "On 3 April 2024, the National Standardization Administration Committee announced the issuance of eight recommended national standards plans for network security. The standards address password authentication systems, public key cryptography application technology, network identity authentication, data interface security risk monitoring methods, network security operation and maintenance implementation, and data security and personal information protection. These standards are aimed at enhanci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家标准化管理委员会网络安全标准", "description_zh": "2024年4月3日，国家标准化管理委员会宣布发布8项网络安全推荐性国家标准计划。该标准涉及密码认证系统、公钥密码应用技术、网络身份认证、数据接口安全风险监测方法、网络安全运维实施、数据安全和个人信息保护等内容。这些标准旨在增强..." }, { "date": "11 January 2025", "title": "Design requirements in Data Security Specifications for Generative Artificial Intelligence Pre-training and Optimization Training of Information Security Technology Standard (GB/T 45652-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=33D40F1160BE5D92E06397BE0A0A5B93", "description": "On 1 November 2025, China's National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) Data Security Specifications for Generative Artificial Intelligence Pre-training and Optimisation Training of Information Security Technology standard enters into force. The standard includes a series of design requirements concerning the classification and management of pre-training and fine-tuning data, including the obligation to add metadata such as source information, URLs, dataset names...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《信息安全技术标准》生成式人工智能预训练和优化训练数据安全规范设计要求（GB/T 45652-2025）", "description_zh": "2025年11月1日，中国国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）《生成式人工智能预训练和优化训练数据安全规范信息安全技术标准》正式生效。该标准包括一系列有关预训练和微调数据的分类和管理的设计要求，包括添加源信息、URL、数据集名称等元数据的义务......" }, { "date": "6 February 2024", "title": "TC260 Information Security Technology Requirements for Transfer of Personal Information Based on Individual Requests", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240403144959&norm_id=20231220162250&recode_id=54528", "description": "On 2 June 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard titled \"Information Security Technology Requirements for Transfer of Personal Information Based on Individual Requests\". In particular, the draft includes definitions of terms related to personal information transfer, the scope of information eligible for transfer, conditions under which individuals can exercise their right to inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260 基于个人请求传输个人信息的信息安全技术要求", "description_zh": "2024年6月2日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《基于个人请求传输个人信息的信息安全技术要求》国家标准草案公开征求意见。草案特别规定了个人信息传输相关术语的定义、可传输的信息范围、个人行使信息权的条件……" }, { "date": "4 March 2024", "title": "Digital Economy Promotion Law", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202404/t20240403_436287.html", "description": "On 3 April 2024, a group of deputies of the National People's Congress in China submitted a proposal for the creation of a Digital Economy Promotion Law. The law aims to support the modernisation of China’s digital economy governance system and its capacity. The law aims to define the digital economy’s role and establish measures to support digital infrastructure, enhance data utilisation, promote digital industrialisation, strengthen digital governance, ensure the security of the digital ec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字经济促进法", "description_zh": "2024年4月3日，中国全国人大代表小组提交了制定数字经济促进法的提案。 该法旨在支持中国数字经济治理体系和治理能力现代化。该法旨在明确数字经济的作用，制定支持数字基础设施、提高数据利用、促进数字产业化、加强数字治理、确保数字经济安全的措施。" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "CNITSEC Safety and Reliability Assessment Work Guide for IT Products (Trial)", "url": "http://www.itsec.gov.cn/aqkkcp/ywjs/202307/t20230727_141347.html", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the Information Technology Security Evaluation Center (CNITSEC )adopted the Safety and Reliability Assessment Work Guide (Trial). The guide provides information on the evaluation of safety and reliability for basic software and hardware products, including central processing units (CPUs), operating systems, and databases used in computer terminals and servers. The evaluation covers the entire lifecycle of the products, from research and development to after-sales maintenance,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNITSEC IT产品安全可靠性评估工作指南（试行）", "description_zh": "2024年3月4日，信息技术安全评估中心（CNITSEC）通过了《安全可靠性评估工作指南（试行）》。该指南提供了基础软硬件产品的安全性和可靠性评估信息，包括计算机终端和服务器中使用的中央处理器（CPU）、操作系统和数据库。评估涵盖产品的整个生命周期，从研发到售后维护，..." }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "Korea-China Internet Cooperation Center", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10084#LINK", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee of the Republic of Korea, in collaboration with the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA), opened the Korea-China Internet Cooperation Center that has been operating as an informal Chinese office of KISA since 2012 and was approved of the Chinese government in December 2023. The Korea-China Internet Cooperation Center was established to provide guidance on data protection rules and coordinate their enforcement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩中互联网合作中心", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 18 日，大韩民国个人信息保护委员会与韩国互联网振兴院 (KISA) 合作，设立了中韩互联网合作中心，该中心自 2012 年起作为 KISA 的非正式中国办事处运营，并于 2023 年 12 月获得中国政府批准。韩中互联网合作中心的成立旨在为数据保护规则提供指导并协调其执行。" }, { "date": "21 April 2024", "title": "Qingming Special Action to Rectify 'Self-Media' Trend", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/23/c_1715545670217049.htm", "description": "On 21 April 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China initiated a two-month national campaign aimed at regulating 'self-media' activities across the country. This operation focuses on curbing the practice of fabricating news for traffic and enhancing the credibility of information disseminated by 'self-media'. It calls on messaging service providers, platform intermediaries hosting user-generated content, and search service providers to intensify content moderation, authenticate user ident...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "清明整治“自媒体”风气专项行动", "description_zh": "2024年4月21日，中国国家互联网信息办公室发起了为期两个月的全国专项行动，旨在规范全国范围内的“自媒体”活动。此次行动的重点是遏制捏造流量新闻行为，增强“自媒体”传播信息的可信度。它呼吁消息服务提供商、托管用户生成内容的平台中介和搜索服务提供商加强内容审核、验证用户身份……" }, { "date": "28 April 2024", "title": "Central Cyberspace Administration national campaign on clearness and combating illegal information external links", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/28/c_1715980097151023.htm", "description": "On 28 April 2024, the Central Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) initiated a two-month national campaign titled \"Cleaning Up and Combating Illegal Information External Links\". The operation focuses on correcting issues in eight key areas susceptible to illegal information external links, including account avatars, comment sections, group circles, live broadcasts, life services, browsers, e-commerce, and sections involving minors. The campaign addresses the rapid spread and cross-platfor...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中央网信办全国清理打击非法信息外链专项行动", "description_zh": "2024年4月28日，国家网信办启动为期两个月的全国“清理打击非法信息外部链接”专项行动。此次行动重点整治账号头像、评论区、群组圈子、直播、生活服务、浏览器、电商、涉及未成年人的板块等八个重点领域易受非法信息外链影响的问题。该活动解决了快速传播和跨平台..." }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone Data Exit Management List (Negative List)", "url": "https://www.tjftz.gov.cn/contents/6302/367439.html", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the Pilot Free Trade Zone Data Exit Management List (Negative List) regulating data export management entered into force following its official publication. The Negative List was adopted by the Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone Management Committee and the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Commerce. The list specifies scenarios where data exporters must comply with security assessments, standard contracts, and certification requirements. The list classifies data into 13 categories and 46...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "天津自贸试验区数据出境管理清单（负面清单）", "description_zh": "2024年5月9日，规范数据出境管理的《自贸试验区数据出境管理清单（负面清单）》正式发布实施。负面清单由天津自由贸易试验区管委会、天津市商务局通过。该列表指定了数据导出者必须遵守安全评估、标准合同和认证要求的场景。该列表将数据分为 13 类 46..." }, { "date": "5 October 2024", "title": "TC260 Digital Watermarking Technology Implementation Guide", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240511165417", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China (TC260) announced that it would draft guidelines for implementing digital watermarking technology. The guidelines, under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Administration Committee, aim to guide the formulation and revision of national standards.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260数字水印技术实施指南", "description_zh": "2024年5月10日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）宣布将起草数字水印技术实施指南。本指南由国家标准化管理委员会归口，旨在指导国家标准的制定和修订。" }, { "date": "5 October 2024", "title": "TC260 Standard on Cyberspace Security Atlas Element Representation Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240511165417", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China (TC260) announced that it will draft a Standard on Cyberspace Security Atlas Element Representation Requirements. The requirements, under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Administration Committee, aim to guide the formulation and revision of national standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260 网络空间安全图集元素表示要求标准", "description_zh": "2024年5月10日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）宣布将起草《网络空间安全图集元素表示要求标准》。本规定由国家标准化管理委员会归口，旨在指导国家标准的制定和修订。" }, { "date": "5 October 2024", "title": "TC260 Standard on Network Virtualization Security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240511165417", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China (TC260) announced that it would draft a Standard for Network Virtualization Security. The plan, under the jurisdiction of the National Standardization Administration Committee, aims to guide the formulation and revision of national standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260网络虚拟化安全标准", "description_zh": "2024年5月10日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）宣布将起草《网络虚拟化安全标准》。该计划由国家标准化管理委员会归口，旨在指导国家标准的制定和修订。" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Lingang New Area Trial General Data List", "url": "https://en.lingang.gov.cn/html/website/lg/English/News1630758253379031042/Updates/1792406290445660162.html", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Lingang New Area of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) released the first batch of trial lists for general data across three sectors aimed at facilitating cross-border data flows for companies operating in the area. These sectors are intelligent connected vehicles, biopharmaceuticals, and mutual funds. The general data lists are scenario-based, detailing various situations where data export is required and permitted without additional compliance procedures. These sce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "临港新片区试点总体数据清单", "description_zh": "2024年5月17日，上海自贸试验区临港新片区发布了首批三类行业通用数据试点清单，旨在便利区内企业数据跨境流动。这些行业包括智能网联汽车、生物制药和共同基金。通用数据列表基于场景，详细说明了需要和允许数据导出且无需额外合规程序的各种情况。这些景..." }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "Thailand - China cooperation against online theft", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/8223", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the Minister of Digital Economy and Society of Thailand and the Cyber Space Administration of the People's Republic of China discussed cooperation regarding cybersecurity and the importance of international collaboration in preventing and addressing call centre gang problems. The parties agreed to jointly strengthen and develop cybersecurity knowledge to combat cyber threats that impact the assets and well-being of the people in both countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰中合作打击网络盗窃", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 23 日，泰国数字经济和社会部长与中华人民共和国国家互联网信息办公室讨论了网络安全方面的合作以及国际合作在预防和解决呼叫中心团伙问题方面的重要性。双方同意共同加强和发展网络安全知识，以应对影响两国资产和人民福祉的网络威胁。" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Internet Information Office investigation into platforms' compliance with obligations to address online rumours", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-05/27/c_1718485226853603.htm", "description": "On 27 May 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued warnings about online rumours. The CAC highlighted that certain online accounts have been speculating about and fabricating public policies, sudden incidents, and rumours related to social livelihood. The Internet Information Office has directed website platforms to intensify their monitoring and disposal efforts, trace the sources of these rumours promptly, and close the accounts responsible for initially spreading them. Sin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办对平台履行网络谣言治理义务情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024年5月27日，国家互联网信息办公室（CAC）针对网络谣言发出警告。网信办强调，个别网络账号炒作、编造公共政策、突发事件、社会民生谣言。网信办已指示网站平台加大监测处置力度，及时追查谣言来源，关闭最初传播谣言的账号。罪..." }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Standard on Technical Requirements for Data Security in Information Clearance of Second-Hand Electronic Products", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240605111417", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Chinese National Cyber Security Standardisation Technical Committee issued a notice with the aim of encouraging more units to participate in the standard formulation process, enhancing the openness, fairness, and transparency of the standard formulation work and improving the practicality and quality of the standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "二手电子产品信息通关数据安全技术要求标准", "description_zh": "2024年5月30日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会发布通知，旨在鼓励更多单位参与标准制定过程，增强标准制定工作的公开、公平、透明，提高标准的实用性和质量。" }, { "date": "6 August 2024", "title": "CAC special campaign aimed at clarifying and optimising corporate network environment by addressing distribution of false information", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-06/08/c_1719437703392141.htm", "description": "On 8 June 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) adopted measures following a special campaign aimed at clarifying and optimising the corporate network environment by addressing information violations related to corporations. In particular, the campaign supported website platforms in managing corporate-related online information and dealing with law-breaking companies in compliance with legal and contractual obligations. Several typical cases have been publicly disclosed, involvin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办打击虚假信息传播清理优化企业网络环境专项行动", "description_zh": "2024年6月8日，国家互联网信息办公室开展清理优化企业网络环境专项行动，整治企业信息违法违规行为。特别是，该活动支持网站平台管理与企业相关的在线信息，并根据法律和合同义务处理违法企业。多个典型案例已被公开披露，涉及..." }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Mofcom rules on cross-border e-commerce exports and overseas warehouse construction", "url": "http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zwgk/gkzcfb/202406/20240603515722.shtml", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the Ministry of Commerce (Mofcom), together with nine other departments, announced draft rules on cross-border e-commerce exports and overseas warehouse construction. The rules aim to promote and regulate the orderly and secure flow of cross-border data, ensuring compliance with domestic and international laws. The initiative is part of a broader framework to expand cross-border e-commerce exports, optimise the layout of overseas warehouses, and accelerate the development of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "商务部关于跨境电商出口和海外仓建设的规定", "description_zh": "2024年6月11日，商务部会同九部门公布跨境电子商务出口和海外仓建设规则（征求意见稿）。该规则旨在促进和规范跨境数据的有序、安全流动，确保遵守国内和国际法律。该举措是扩大跨境电商出口、优化海外仓布局、加快发展的更广泛框架的一部分。" }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "TC260 Cybersecurity Standards: Guideline regarding external vehicle data", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240624102728", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the consultation on guidelines for external vehicle data. The data collected by sensors, such as onboard cameras and radar, poses security risks as it is challenging to manage and often collected without the knowledge of data subjects. To address these concerns, the guidelines propose a one-click feature to disable all sensors, stipping data collection instantly. An external status indicator o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260 网络安全标准：有关外部车辆数据的指南", "description_zh": "2024年7月5日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束车辆外部数据指南征求意见。车载摄像头和雷达等传感器收集的数据存在安全风险，因为管理起来很困难，而且通常是在数据主体不知情的情况下收集的。为了解决这些问题，该指南提出了一种一键式功能来禁用所有传感器，从而立即停止数据收集。外部状态指示器..." }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "AI Technical Standards in Ninth Batch of Industry Standards Development and Revision Plan 2024", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2024/art_3248109ea5854d9394a73056c78bea5c.html", "description": "On 24 July 2024, China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) closed a consultation on a set of AI technical standards as part of the ninth batch of industry standard development and revision projects of 2024. The consultation covers 12 proposed industry standard projects on AI within different industries. The projects include standards on AI use in large model training data processing and quality evaluation, visual data automatic labelling, neural network model conversion, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024年第九批行业标准制修订计划人工智能技术标准", "description_zh": "2024年7月24日，中国工业和信息化部2024年第九批行业标准制修订项目人工智能技术标准结束征求意见。此次征求意见涉及不同行业的12个人工智能行业标准立项项目。这些项目包括人工智能在大型模型训练数据处理和质量评估、视觉数据自动标记、神经网络模型转换等方面的使用标准……" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "Singapore-China Digital Policy Dialogue", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/singapore-and-china-advance-cooperation-at-inaugural-singapore-china-digital-policy-dialogue/", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the Singapore Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) issued a statement on the Singapore-China Digital Policy Dialogue (DPD) aimed to strengthen cooperation in trusted commercial data flows and AI governance. In particular, the DPD aims to promote common baseline standards and knowledge exchange on cross-border data-sharing mechanisms and facilitate mutual learning and understanding of AI governance frameworks among private sectors and research institutions. Moreove...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡-中国数字政策对话", "description_zh": "2024年6月27日，新加坡通信和信息部（MCI）就新中数字政策对话（DPD）发表声明，旨在加强可信商业数据流和人工智能治理方面的合作。特别是，DPD旨在促进跨境数据共享机制的共同基线标准和知识交流，并促进私营部门和研究机构之间对人工智能治理框架的相互学习和理解。此外..." }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "ISO/IEC 27403:2024 cybersecurity guidelines on IoT security and Privacy - guidelines for IoT-domotics", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240701093303", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Chinese National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) announced that the ISO/IEC 27403:2024 cybersecurity guidelines on IoT security and Privacy – guidelines for IoT-domotics have been adopted. The guidelines address the security and privacy challenges of home IoT systems, characterised by diverse devices and complex interactions. It identifies key stakeholders, analyses security and privacy risks, and proposes control measures to enhance networ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ISO/IEC 27403:2024 物联网安全和隐私网络安全指南 - 物联网家庭自动化指南", "description_zh": "2024年7月1日，中国国家信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）宣布通过ISO/IEC 27403:2024物联网安全和隐私网络安全指南——物联网家庭自动化指南。该指南解决了家庭物联网系统的安全和隐私挑战，其特点是设备多样化和交互复杂。它确定关键利益相关者，分析安全和隐私风险，并提出控制措施以增强网络..." }, { "date": "7 February 2024", "title": "CAC special action qinglang for optimising online business environment by rectifying infringement information", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-07/02/c_1721599789637473.htm", "description": "On 2 July 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued the second batch of typical cases in its special action \"qinglang optimising the online business environment by rectifying infringement information\". In particular, the initiative targets accounts that spread false information and seek illegal profits. Notably, several accounts have been closed for various violations. First, accounts such as \"Wang Wukong Talks About Cars\" were closed for spreading false information and damagi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办清浪专项行动整治侵权信息优化网络营商环境", "description_zh": "2024年7月2日，国家网信办发布“清浪整治侵权信息优化网络营商环境”专项行动第二批典型案例。该举措特别针对传播虚假信息并寻求非法利润的账户。值得注意的是，多个账户因各种违规行为而被关闭。一是“王悟空谈车”等账号因散布虚假信息、造成损害而被关闭……" }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "MIIT Establishment of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Standardization Technical Committee", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2024/art_eabe708aaa1649b0a8c032c076615333.html", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) closed the consultation for the establishment plan of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Standardization Technical Committee. The order aims to promote and implement various standards as well as industrialise BCIs. The order would task the Technical Committee with the development of various standards related to BCI, namely common standards for BCI, key standards for input and output interfaces as well as key s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工信部成立脑机接口（BCI）标准化技术委员会", "description_zh": "2024年7月30日，中国工业和信息化部（MIIT）结束脑机接口（BCI）标准化技术委员会设立方案征求意见。该命令旨在促进和实施各种标准以及脑机接口产业化。该命令将责成技术委员​​会制定与BCI相关的各种标准，即BCI通用标准、输入和输出接口的关键标准以及关键技术..." }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "TC260 Standard on Network Security Technology AI Service Security Basic Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240607161000", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China (TC260) recommended four new national standard plans. Among them is the Standards Plan on Network Security Technology AI Service Security Basic Requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全技术标准人工智能服务安全基本要求", "description_zh": "2024年6月7日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）推荐了四项新的国家标准计划。其中就有《网络安全技术人工智能服务安全基本要求标准计划》。" }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "TC260 Standard on Network Security Technology Unified Threat Management (UTM) Technical Specifications", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240607161000", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the National Technical Committee on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China (TC260) recommended four new national standard plans. Among them is the Standards Plan on Network Security Technology Unified Threat Management (UTM) Technical Specifications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全技术标准统一威胁管理（UTM）技术规范", "description_zh": "2024年6月7日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）推荐了四项新的国家标准计划。其中包括《网络安全技术统一威胁管理（UTM）技术规范标准计划》。" }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China special campaign \"Clear and Bright 2024 Summer Internet Environment Improvement for Minors\"", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-10/09/c_1730163316422064.htm", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China published its findings from their special campaign, Clear and Bright 2024 Summer Internet Environment Improvement for Minors. The initiative was aimed at improving the online environment for minors by targeting harmful content across various online platforms. Key actions included removing millions of pieces of harmful content, shutting down thousands of websites, and addressing issues such as toxic videos, online bullying, criminal act...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办开展“2024夏季未成年人网络环境清朗整治”专项行动", "description_zh": "2024年10月9日，国家互联网信息办公室发布了《2024年夏季未成年人网络环境清朗整治专项行动》调查结果。该倡议旨在通过针对各种在线平台上的有害内容来改善未成年人的在线环境。主要行动包括删除数百万条有害内容、关闭数千个网站，以及解决有毒视频、网络欺凌、犯罪行为等问题……" }, { "date": "9 November 2024", "title": "TC260 National Standard on Data Security Technology - Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240712162705&norm_id=20231220163619&recode_id=55772", "description": "On 11 September 2024, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft National Standard on Data Security Technology - Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit Requirements. The Standard aims to establish data protection standards and outlines principles and implementation requirements for personal information protection compliance audits. The Standard applies primarily to personal informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260数据安全技术国家标准-个人信息保护合规审核要求", "description_zh": "2024年9月11日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）秘书处结束《数据安全技术国家标准（征求意见稿）个人信息保护合规审核要求》公开征求意见。该标准旨在建立数据保护标准，概述个人信息保护合规审计的原则和实施要求。该标准主要适用于个人信息..." }, { "date": "31 July 2024", "title": "CAC Clear and Bright Special Campaign to address fake and vulgar phenomena in online live streaming", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-07/31/c_1724107668689755.htm", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) launched a one-month Clear and Bright Special Campaign to address fake and vulgar phenomena in online live streaming. The campaign focuses on five main issues. It addresses the creation of false scenarios to induce purchases, the exploitation of minors and disabled persons to attract followers, and the staging of fake social hotspots. It also targets false claims of professional expertise in fields like finance and healthcare used ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CAC清明专项整治网络直播虚假低俗现象", "description_zh": "2024年7月31日，国家网信办开展为期一个月的清理网络直播虚假低俗现象专项行动。该活动重点关注五个主要问题。它解决了制造虚假场景以诱导购买、利用未成年人和残疾人来吸引追随者以及上演虚假社会热点的问题。它还针对金融和医疗保健等领域的虚假专业知识使用......" }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "TC260 National Standard on Network Security Technical Identification - Password Authentication System and Related Security Technical Requirements", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240802152822&norm_id=20231101195712&recode_id=56410", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee of China (TC260) closes the public consultation on the National Standard on Network Security Technical Identification - Password Authentication System and Related Security Technical Requirements. The Standard applies to the design, construction, use, and testing of password authentication systems in cybersecurity, encryption technology, and related sectors. The Standard imposes several require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全技术标识国家标准密码认证系统及相关安全技术要求", "description_zh": "2024年10月1日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）秘书处结束《网络安全技术标识国家标准密码认证系统及相关安全技术要求》公开征求意见。本标准适用于网络安全、加密技术及相关领域密码认证系统的设计、构建、使用和测试。该标准提出了多项要求..." }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "MIIT list of typical application cases of AI empowering new industrialisation", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2024/art_eb70e19c3b75499ea7b7e67b7114354c.html?mc_cid=8d8c60899e&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT) closes the public consultation on the typical application cases of Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowering new industrialisation initiative. The initiative focuses on the integration of AI technologies within traditional industries to advance growth in the manufacturing sector. The public consultation invites submissions of case studies demonstrating successful AI applications in sectors such as steel and n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工信部公布人工智能赋能新型工业化典型应用案例", "description_zh": "2024年8月31日，中国工业和信息化部结束人工智能赋能新型工业化典型应用案例公开征求意见。该计划的重点是人工智能技术与传统行业的融合，以促进制造业的增长。公众咨询邀请提交案例研究，展示人工智能在钢铁和冶金等行业的成功应用。" }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "Beijing Pilot Free Trade Zone Cross-Border Data Transfer List", "url": "https://zwfwj.beijing.gov.cn/zwgk/2024zcwj/202408/t20240830_3785261.html", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the Beijing Municipal Cyberspace Administration along with the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Government Services, and the Data Management Bureau published and implemented the “China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone Cross-Border Data Transfer List (Negative List)” and the “ Measures for Pilot Free Trade Zone Cross-Border Data Transfer Negative List (Trial)”. The list outlines cases where data exporters must comply with security assessments, standard contracts, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北京自贸试验区跨境数据传输清单", "description_zh": "2024年8月30日，北京市网信办会同市商务局、市政务服务、数据管理局发布实施《中国（北京）自由贸易试验区数据跨境传输负面清单（负面清单）》和《自贸试验区数据跨境传输负面清单办法（试行）》。该列表概述了数据导出者必须遵守安全评估、标准合同、..." }, { "date": "9 August 2023", "title": "Lawsuit regarding adequacy of protection measures in cross-border transfers of personal data (Guangdong 0192 Civil Case No. 6486 of 2022)", "url": "https://www.gzinternetcourt.gov.cn/#/articleList?type=DeliveryNotice&titleType=sendAnnouncement&apiType=convincing", "description": "On 8 September 2023, the Guangzhou Internet Court issued a ruling in a lawsuit regarding the adequacy of protection measures in cross-border transfers of personal data. The case involves a dispute between the plaintiff and two defendant companies, with the plaintiff alleging that the defendants did not conduct required security assessments and personal information protection certification. The Court held that the defendants did not obtain consent for their data transfer activities from the pl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据跨境传输保护措施是否充分之诉（粤0192民2022年第6486号）", "description_zh": "2023年9月8日，广州互联网法院就个人数据跨境传输保护措施是否充分一案作出裁决。该案涉及原告与两家被告公司之间的纠纷，原告指控被告未进行必要的安全评估和个人信息保护认证。法院认为，被告的数据传输活动并未获得公司的同意。" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "National Standards for Intelligent Connected Vehicles", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2024/art_9fa0f052fe7d4a4683e366eb1afff952.html", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration of China implemented three mandatory national standards aimed at enhancing the safety and security of intelligent connected vehicles. These standards include GB 44495-2024, GB 44496-2024, and GB 44497-2024. GB 44495-2024 sets requirements for automobile information security, covering external connections, communication, software upgrades, and data security. It applies to vehicles with elec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "智能网联汽车国家标准", "description_zh": "2026年1月1日，国家市场监督管理总局、国家标准化管理委员会实施三项强制性国家标准，旨在增强智能网联汽车的安全保障。这些标准包括GB 44495-2024、GB 44496-2024和GB 44497-2024。 GB 44495-2024规定了汽车信息安全要求，涵盖外部连接、通信、软件升级、数据安全等方面。它适用于带有电动..." }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "TC260 Cybersecurity Technology, Security Technology, Cybersecurity, Part 7: Guidelines for Network Virtualization Security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240829101217&norm_id=20231220150526&recode_id=56654", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes its public consultation on the \"Cybersecurity Technology, Security Technology, Cybersecurity, Part 7: Guidelines for Network Virtualization Security\" Guidelines. The Guidelines aim to identify security risks associated with network virtualisation and provide guidelines to enable its secure implementation. Network virtualisation is defined as a technology by which enables isolated networks ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260 网络安全技术、安全技术、网络安全，第 7 部分：网络虚拟化安全指南", "description_zh": "2024年10月28日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）结束了《网络安全技术、安全技术、网络安全第7部分：网络虚拟化安全指南》指南的公开征求意见。该指南旨在识别与网络虚拟化相关的安全风险，并提供安全实施指南。网络虚拟化被定义为一种能够实现隔离网络的技术..." }, { "date": "9 October 2024", "title": "Guidelines for the Implementation of Standard Contracts for Cross-Border Flow of Personal Information in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Mainland, Macao)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-09/10/c_1727567893741986.htm", "description": "On 10 September 2024, the Guidelines for the Implementation of Standard Contracts for Cross-Border Flow of Personal Information in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Mainland, Macao) were issued and implemented by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) and the Macau SAR Government to promote safe and orderly data transfer within the region. The Guidelines outline the roles and responsibilities of data handlers and recipients who use standard contracts, including obtaining c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "粤港澳大湾区个人信息跨境流动标准合同实施指引（内地、澳门）", "description_zh": "2024年9月10日，国家互联网信息办公室和澳门特别行政区政府发布实施《粤港澳大湾区（内地、澳门）个人信息跨境流动标准合同实施指引》，促进区内数据安全有序传输。该指南概述了使用标准合同的数据处理者和接收者的角色和责任，包括获得..." }, { "date": "9 December 2024", "title": "Notice on Promoting the Development of Mobile Internet of Things (IoT)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2024/art_f610e694cb59408784f35f3b67b830c2.html", "description": "On 12 September 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT) announced the Notice on Promoting the Development of Mobile Internet of Things (IoT), outlining key goals and strategies for advancing mobile IoT technology. The Notice sets targets to establish a comprehensive, secure mobile IoT ecosystem based on 4G and 5G networks. It further outlines tasks such as enhancing innovation in key industries, promoting IoT applications in other are...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于促进移动物联网发展的通知", "description_zh": "2024年9月12日，中华人民共和国工业和信息化部（工信部）发布了《关于促进移动物联网（IoT）发展的通知》，概述了推进移动物联网技术的主要目标和战略。 《通知》提出，要建立基于4G、5G网络的全面、安全的移动物联网生态系统。它进一步概述了加强重点行业创新、推动其他领域物联网应用等任务。" }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "Establishment of the Standardization Technical Committee for Humanoid Robots", "url": "art_11e6dfa1fcb84253bbbcbcfd54820093", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of China closed its consultation on the Plan for the Standardization Technical Committee for Humanoid Robots. This Committee would oversee the development and implementation of industry standards for humanoid robots, covering aspects from basic common features to safety, and applications in various sectors including industrial manufacturing and home care. The consultation seeks to gather feedback from all sectors o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "仿人机器人标准化技术委员会成立", "description_zh": "2024年11月6日，中国工业和信息化部《仿人机器人标准化技术委员会方案》结束征求意见。该委员会将监督仿人机器人行业标准的制定和实施，涵盖从基本共同特征到安全性以及在工业制造和家庭护理等各个领域的应用。此次咨询旨在收集各部门的反馈..." }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "MIIT guidelines for identifying important data in the telecommunications field", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2024/art_018802862d3f41d2988dc9fab4cd92e1.html", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China (MIIT) closes the consultation on the revised guidelines for identifying important data in the telecommunications field. The guideline addresses the proposed amendments to the industry standard and incorporates comments from the first consultation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工信部电信领域重要数据认定指南", "description_zh": "2024年11月18日，中华人民共和国工业和信息化部（工信部）结束关于修订后的电信领域重要数据认定指南的征求意见。该指南涉及对行业标准的拟议修订，并纳入了第一次咨询的意见。" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "Clean Up and Standardise Online Language Use Initiative", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-10/11/c_1730337883698872.htm", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Central Cyberspace Information Office, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, launched a national initiative titled Clean Up and Standardise Online Language Use. This initiative focuses on issues such as distorted language usage, slang, and uncivil expressions, especially in trending content and featured sections on major websites. Further, the initiative is aimed at creating a healthier online environment for minors through cooperation between cyberspace and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "清理和标准化在线语言使用倡议", "description_zh": "2024年10月11日，中央网信办联合教育部启动了《清理规范网络语言使用国家行动》。该举措重点关注扭曲的语言使用、俚语和不文明表达等问题，特别是在各大网站的热门内容和特色版块中。此外，该倡议旨在通过网络空间和……之间的合作，为未成年人创造一个更健康的在线环境。" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "Clean Up and Rectify Violations in Online News Information Services Initiative", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-10/11/c_1730337883698872.htm", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the Central Cyberspace Information Office launched a three-month campaign to regulate online news services, focusing on eliminating illegal practices and enhancing the quality of online news content. The campaign targets issues such as fake news, exploitation of media, impersonation of official news outlets, unauthorised news operations, and falsification or selling of service licenses. This includes hindering the dissemination of news with exaggerated headlines that do not...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "清理整顿网络新闻信息服务违法行为", "description_zh": "2024年10月3日，中央网信办开展为期三个月的网络新闻服务规范专项行动，重点消除违法违规行为，提高网络新闻内容质量。该活动针对虚假新闻、利用媒体、冒充官方新闻媒体、未经授权的新闻运营以及伪造或出售服务许可证等问题。这包括用夸大的标题阻碍新闻传播，这些标题不..." }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "CAC guidelines for building a national data standards system", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-10/11/c_1730337907916423.htm", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission adopted the guidelines for building a national data standards system. The guideline applies to various sectors for establishing over 30 national standards for data circulation, management, and service. The guideline contains provisions on the development of basic common standards, data infrastructure standards, data resource standards, data technology standards, data circulation standards, integrated application stand...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CAC国家数据标准体系建设指南", "description_zh": "2024年10月11日，中央网信办印发《国家数据标准体系建设指导意见》。该指南适用于各行业制定30余项数据流通、管理、服务国家标准。该指南对基础共性标准、数据基础设施标准、数据资源标准、数据技术标准、数据流通标准、综合应用标准等制定做出了规定。" }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "CAC campaign on rectification of information content issues in the same city section in online platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-10/31/c_1732065389905252.htm", "description": "On 31 October 2024, the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (CAC) launched a two-month campaign titled “Clear and Bright: Rectification of Information Content Issues in the Same City Section.” This campaign applies to platforms with location-based information, including social media, e-commerce, dating, and travel. It aims to address five issues, including hostility and regional antagonism, misinformation on local events, explicit content and promotion of illegal offline activities. The cam...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办开展网络平台同城板块信息内容问题整改专项行动", "description_zh": "2024年10月31日，中央网信办开展为期两个月的“清明同城板块信息内容问题整改”专项行动。该活动适用于具有位置信息的平台，包括社交媒体、电子商务、约会和旅行。它旨在解决五个问题，包括敌对和地区对抗、对当地事件的错误信息、露骨内容和促进非法线下活动。摄像头..." }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "MIIT assessment of applications' compliance with user rights and interests (9th batch of 2024)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/xgj/gzdt/art/2024/art_fca565c06ebb47b3acb69a65a436885c.html", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIT) issued an order listing 27 apps and SDKs that were found to commit user rights violations. The published list includes \"Indoor Thermometer\", \"Five Tone Assistant\", \"Personal Tax Settlement Check\", \"Magic Voice Changer\", \"Renren Sales Champion\", \"Customer-Based Telemarketing\", \"See the World\", \"Outdoor Ring Main Unit\" and \"Daily Alarm Clock\". The government instructed a third party to conduct an investigatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工信部应用程序符合用户权益情况评估（2024年第9批）", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 13 日，中国工业和信息化部 (MIT) 发布命令，列出了 27 款被发现侵犯用户权利的应用程序和 SDK。公布的名单包括“室内温度计”、“五音助理”、“个人缴税查询”、“变声器”、“人人网销售冠军”、“客户电话营销”、“看世界”、“室外环网主机”、“每日闹钟”等。政府指示第三方进行调查..." }, { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "Hong Kong Productivity Council-Shenzhen Data Exchange Memorandum of Understanding to facilitate data exchange", "url": "https://www.hkpc.org/en/about-us/media-centre/press-releases/2024/hkpc-shenzhen-data-exchange-centre-mou", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKDC) and Shenzhen Data Exchange (SDEC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to promote data exchange between the two regions. The agreement focuses on five areas: promoting data flows between Shenzhen and Hong Kong under a compliant and lawful standard framework, promoting cooperation between data traders in Shenzhen and Hong Kong, empowering small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to upgrade their data assets, building a data exchange and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "香港生产力促进局与深圳数据交换谅解备忘录以促进数据交换", "description_zh": "2024年11月14日，香港生产力促进局（HKDC）与深圳数据交易所（SDEC）签署谅解备忘录，以促进两地之间的数据交换。协议重点围绕五个领域：在合规合法的标准框架下推动深港数据流动、促进深港数据交易者合作、赋能中小企业数据资产升级、构建数据交换平台和..." }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration special action of clear and bright governance of typical algorithm issues on online platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/22/c_1749536203490537.htm", "description": "On 22 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced findings and imposed measures following the special action \"Clear and Bright: Typical Problems Governance of Internet Platform Algorithms,\" aimed at improving algorithm transparency and fairness across internet platforms. The CAC identified four main areas requiring optimisation, namely enhancing algorithm transparency, addressing information echo chambers, strengthening the review of recommended content, and increasing us...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办明确治理网络平台典型算法问题专项行动", "description_zh": "2025年5月22日，国家网信办公布了“清明互联网平台算法典型问题治理”专项行动调查结果并采取措施，旨在提高互联网平台算法透明度和公平性。网信办确定了四个主要需要优化的领域，即增强算法透明度、解决信息回音室问题、加强对推荐内容的审核以及增加我们的服务。" }, { "date": "19 December 2024", "title": "TC260 guidelines on disabling of external data collection in smart vehicles", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-12-19/1734600988560096913.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) issued guidelines for one-click disabling of external data collection in smart vehicles. The TC260 provides guidance for car manufacturers, autonomous driving software providers, and component/service providers to implement a feature in smart vehicles that allows users to disable external data collection in smart vehicles with a single action. The guidelines also provide a reference for third-pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260 关于禁用智能车辆外部数据收集的指南", "description_zh": "2024年12月19日，全国信息安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）发布了智能汽车一键禁用外部数据采集指南。 TC260 为汽车制造商、自动驾驶软件提供商和组件/服务提供商提供指导，以在智能车辆中实现一项功能，允许用户通过单个操作禁用智能车辆中的外部数据收集。该指南还为第三方提供参考..." }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration cloud computing service security register", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/30/c_1779276539223360.htm", "description": "On 12 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) updated its register of cloud computing platforms that passed the national security assessment. The register covers a range of service models, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). It lists platforms operated by providers, including Unicom Digital Technology, Alibaba Cloud Computing, Huawei cloud computing technology, and Inspur software group. It details the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办云计算服务安全登记册", "description_zh": "2025年3月12日，国家互联网信息办公室更新了通过国家安全评估的云计算平台名册。该登记册涵盖了一系列服务模型，包括基础设施即服务 (IaaS)、平台即服务 (PaaS) 和软件即服务 (SaaS)。它列出了由联通数字技术、阿里云计算、华为云计算技术和浪潮软件集团等提供商运营的平台。它详细介绍了..." }, { "date": "27 December 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Banking and Insurance Institutions Data Security Management Measures", "url": "https://www.nfra.gov.cn/cn/view/pages/ItemDetail.html?docId=1192308&itemId=926&generaltype=0", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the Banking and Insurance Institutions Data Security Management Measures, a regulatory framework designed to safeguard the integrity of sensitive data stored, transmitted, and processed by banking and insurance institutions, came into effect, thereby replacing the Banking and Insurance Institutions Data Security Measures (2022) No. 118. The measures stipulate the implementation of technical safeguards, including encryption and anonymisation, to ensure the confidentiality,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "银行保险机构数据保护监管数据安全管理办法", "description_zh": "2024年12月27日，旨在保护银行保险机构存储、传输和处理敏感数据完整性的监管框架《银行保险机构数据安全管理办法》正式生效，取代了《银行保险机构数据安全办法》（2022）118号。该办法规定实施加密、匿名化等技术保障措施，以确保银行保险机构数据的机密性、安全性和安全性。" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "TC260 Cybersecurity Technology - Plan for national data format for software bill of materials in cybersecurity technology", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250108092316", "description": "On 8 January 2025, the Chinese National Standardisation Administration (TC260) adopted a plan for a national standard titled Cybersecurity Technology - Software Bill of Materials Data Format. The development of the standard was requested by the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a recommended national standard plan. The standard will be completed within 18 months, starting from 3 January 2025, with an expected approval date of 30 June 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260 网络安全技术 - 网络安全技术软件物料清单国家数据格式规划", "description_zh": "2025年1月8日，中国国家标准化管理委员会（TC260）通过了《网络安全技术软件物料清单数据格式》国家标准计划。该标准的制定是应国家市场监督管理总局要求下发的国家标准推荐计划。该标准将于2025年1月3日起在18个月内完成，预计批准日期为2026年6月30日。" }, { "date": "1 March 2025", "title": "CAC investigations into several coordinated online manipulation networks", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-1/3/c_1737254417150320.htm", "description": "On 3 January 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued an interim ruling concerning various investigations into coordinated online manipulation networks in 2024. The investigations revealed issues such as fake reviews, inflated traffic, manipulated rankings and increased recruitment efforts by such networks. The CAC addressed these concerns by disabling illegitimate websites and platforms, removing unlawful content, and addressing non-compliant accounts and merchant stores. Fu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CAC 对多个协调在线操纵网络进行调查", "description_zh": "2025年1月3日，国家网信办对2024年协同网络操纵网络多项调查作出临时裁定。调查揭露了此类网络存在虚假评论、虚假流量、操纵排名、加大招募力度等问题。 CAC 通过禁用非法网站和平台、删除非法内容以及解决不合规帐户和商户问题来解决这些问题。福..." }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Foreign Ministry statement on alleged unlawful data sharing with Chinese Government", "url": "http://no.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/lcbt/wjbfyr/202501/t20250117_11538094.htm", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Foreign Ministry made a statement regarding the alleged unlawful sharing of user data by Chinese companies such as Temu and TikTok with the Chinese government. The Foreign Ministry stated that the Chinese Government has never asked and will not ask a company or individual to collect or share data that conflicts with the local laws in the market in which the company is operating. The Foreign Ministry noted the need to respect the principles of a market economy and fair ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "外交部关于涉嫌与中国政府非法共享数据的声明", "description_zh": "2025年1月17日，外交部就特木、TikTok等中国公司涉嫌与中国政府非法共享用户数据发表声明。外交部表示，中国政府从来没有、也不会要求任何公司或个人收集或共享与公司所在市场当地法律相冲突的数据。外交部指出，要尊重市场经济和公平原则..." }, { "date": "26 January 2025", "title": "TC260 Guide on Personal Information Security Protection Requirements for Facial Recognition Payment Scenarios", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-01-26/1737864764732021867.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) published the \"Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide: Personal Information Security Protection Requirements for Facial Recognition Payment Scenarios”. The Guide outlines security requirements for differenre stages of facial recognition payment processes, including data collection, storage, transmission, export, and deletion. It serves as a reference for service providers, verification services, venue m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260人脸识别支付场景个人信息安全保护要求指南", "description_zh": "2025年1月26日，国家网络安全标准化技术委员会（TC260）发布了《网络安全标准实践指南：人脸识别支付场景个人信息安全保护要求》。 《指南》概述了人脸识别支付流程中数据采集、存储、传输、导出、删除等不同阶段的安全要求。为服务提供商、验证服务、场馆管理等提供参考..." }, { "date": "23 February 2025", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation Measures for Management of Data Reporting Compliance in Online Transactions", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/hd/zjdc/art/2025/art_a932cb0863ab4552a05d3728324ba061.html", "description": "On 23 February 2025, China's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) closed its consultation on the draft \"Interim Measures for the Management of Data Reporting Compliance in Online Transactions\". The proposed measures aim to standardise the reporting of compliance data in online transactions, enhance regulatory efficiency, and promote the development of the platform economy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家市场监督管理总局网络交易数据报送合规管理办法", "description_zh": "2025年2月23日，国家市场监督管理总局对《网络交易数据报送合规管理暂行办法》（征求意见稿）结束征求意见。该措施旨在规范网络交易合规数据报告，提高监管效率，促进平台经济发展。" }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "National Standardisation Administration's General Framework for Confidential Computing (GB/T 45230-2025)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250212140648", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the standard on General Framework for Confidential Computing (GB/T 45230-2025) enters into force. The standard, developed under the jurisdiction of the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee, establishes a general framework for confidential computing, defining components, security services, and interfaces to ensure data protection in trusted execution environments (TEEs). It outlines a multi-layer architecture covering hardware, system software, servic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家标准化管理委员会保密计算总体框架（GB/T 45230-2025）", "description_zh": "2025年8月1日，《机密计算通用框架》标准（GB/T 45230-2025）正式生效。该标准由国家网络安全标准化技术委员会负责制定，建立了保密计算的通用框架，定义了组件、安全服务和接口，以确保可信执行环境（TEE）中的数据保护。它概述了涵盖硬件、系统软件、服务的多层架构..." }, { "date": "2 August 2025", "title": "Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and Lingang New Area Data Outbound Management List (Negative List) (2024 Edition)", "url": "https://www.lingang.gov.cn/html/website/lg/index/government/gonggaogongshi/qitagongshi/1888157894414757890.html", "description": "On 8 February 2025, the Shanghai Municipal Internet Information Office, in collaboration with several municipal bodies, officially adopted the Negative List management measures for data export under the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (FTZ) and Lingang New Area. This framework aims to facilitate cross-border data transfers in alignment with international standards, whilst maintaining data security oversight and compliance. The Negative List is applicable to the finance, shipping, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海自贸试验区及临港新片区数据出境管理清单（负面清单）（2024年版）", "description_zh": "2025年2月8日，上海市网信办会同市级有关部门，正式实施中国（上海）自由贸易试验区、临港新片区数据出境负面清单管理办法。该框架旨在促进符合国际标准的跨境数据传输，同时保持数据安全监督和合规性。 负面清单适用于金融、航运、..." }, { "date": "2 August 2025", "title": "Measures for Administration of Negative List for Data Export in Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and Lingang New Area", "url": "https://www.lingang.gov.cn/html/website/lg/index/government/gonggaogongshi/qitagongshi/1888157894414757890.html", "description": "On 8 February 2025, the Shanghai Municipal Internet Information Office, in collaboration with several municipal bodies, officially adopted the Measures for the Administration of the Negative List for Data Export in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone and Lingang New Area (Trial Implementation). The measures aim to facilitate the lawful and orderly export of data in alignment with international trade rules. They apply to data processors registered in these areas and outline the responsi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海自贸试验区及临港新片区数据出境负面清单管理办法", "description_zh": "2025年2月8日，上海市网信办会同市有关部门正式通过《中国（上海）自由贸易试验区和临港新片区数据出境负面清单管理办法（试行）》。这些措施旨在促进符合国际贸易规则的合法有序数据出境。它们适用于在这些领域注册的数据处理者，并概述了响应..." }, { "date": "3 January 2025", "title": "Content moderation in Cyberspace Administration Measures for Dissemination of Military Information on the Internet", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-02/08/c_1740714184323988.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China's Administrative Measures for the Dissemination of Military Information on the Internet come into force. The regulation imposes controls on the creation, publication, and distribution of military-related content online. It mandates adherence to national security policies, prohibits the dissemination of classified or sensitive military information, and requires platforms to publish only content from approved sources. The measures also ban...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办《互联网军事信息发布传播管理办法》内容审核规定", "description_zh": "On 1 March 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国's Administrative Measures for the Dissemination of Military Information on the Internet come into force. The regulation imposes controls on the creation, publication, and distribution of military-related content online. It mandates adherence to national security policies, prohibits the dissemination of classified or sensitive military information, and requires platforms to publish only content from approved sources. The measures also ban..." }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into 82 applications over alleged data protection violations", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-02/19/c_1741664476228611.htm", "description": "On 19 February 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) took enforcement action against 82 applications for violating personal information protection regulations. The ruling applies to application developers and operators that failed to disclose data collection rules or provide legally required deletion and correction functionalities. As part of the enforcement, four applications, including \"Open a Mystery Room\", were removed from application stores for non-disclosure. Additionally,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办对82款应用涉嫌违反数据保护规定的调查", "description_zh": "On 19 February 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) took enforcement action against 82 applications for violating 个人信息 protection regulations. The ruling applies to application developers and operators that failed to disclose data collection rules or provide legally required deletion and correction functionalities. As part of the enforcement, four applications, including \"Open a Mystery Room\", were removed from application stores for non-disclosure. Additionally,..." }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "Requirements for personal information protection compliance audit service capability requirements of professional institutions", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250519172332", "description": "On 26 May 2025, the National Network Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) adopted the cybersecurity standard practice guidelines on service capability requirements for professional institutions of personal information protection compliance audits. The guidelines aim to assist auditors by providing a framework for developing compliance audit services and to support auditees with selecting a qualified auditor. The guidelines detail 5 aspects of an organisation that auditors shou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护合规审计专业服务机构能力要求", "description_zh": "On 26 May 2025, the National Network Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) adopted the 网络安全 standard practice guidelines on service capability requirements for professional institutions of 个人信息 protection compliance audits. The guidelines aim to assist auditors by providing a framework for developing compliance audit services and to support auditees with selecting a qualified auditor. The guidelines detail 5 aspects of an organisation that auditors shou..." }, { "date": "9 January 2025", "title": "National Standards Committee's Network attack definition and description specification (No. GB/T 37027-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=2FF37940EB24D753E06397BE0A0A413F", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the National Standards Committee's national standard on Network attack definition and description specification entered into force. The standard, applying to private sector entities such as network security providers, emergency response teams, and telecommunications companies, sets unified criteria for identifying and judging network attacks and incidents. It aims to standardise detection and response practices across the industry.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家标准委《网络攻击定义与描述规范》（GB/T 37027-2025）", "description_zh": "On 1 September 2025, the National Standards Committee's national standard on Network attack definition and description specification entered into force. The standard, applying to private sector entities such as network security providers, emergency response teams, and telecommunications companies, sets unified criteria for identifying and judging network attacks and incidents. It aims to standardise detection and response practices across the industry." }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "Haidian District Market Supervision Bureau and Haidian District Data Bureau credit supervision data sharing pilot programme", "url": "https://scjgj.beijing.gov.cn/zwxx/scjgdt/202503/t20250315_4035453.html", "description": "On 14 March 2025, the Haidian District Market Supervision Bureau and the Haidian District Data Bureau signed a memorandum of cooperation on credit supervision data sharing pilot with Meituan, Tencent, Ant Group and Dingdang. The objective of the pilot programme is to establish a government-enterprise coordination mechanism for credit data verification, platform governance based on regulatory data, and secure data transmission. Utilising trusted data space technology, platform enterprises will...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "海淀区市场监督管理局与海淀区数据局信用监管数据共享试点", "description_zh": "On 14 March 2025, the Haidian District Market Supervision Bureau and the Haidian District Data Bureau signed a memorandum of cooperation on credit supervision data sharing pilot with Meituan, Tencent, Ant Group and Dingdang. The objective of the pilot programme is to establish a government-enterprise coordination mechanism for credit data verification, platform governance based on regulatory data, and secure data transmission. Utilising trusted data space technology, platform enterprises will..." }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation national standard on data security technology internet platform and product service personal information processing rules (GB/T 44588-2024)", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2025/art_5cfaaf4d8750456bb5570700b1399180.html", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation’s national standard on data security technology internet platforms and product service personal information processing rules entered into force. The standard establishes requirements for personal information processing by Internet platforms and service providers. It outlines basic requirements, compilation procedures, content of rules, publication forms, and dispute resolution mechanisms. It seeks to enhance user data protection...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场监管总局《数据安全技术 互联网平台和产品服务个人信息处理规则》（GB/T 44588-2024）", "description_zh": "On 31 March 2025, the 市场监管总局’s national standard on 数据安全 technology internet platforms and product service 个人信息 processing rules entered into force. The standard establishes requirements for 个人信息 processing by Internet platforms and service providers. It outlines basic requirements, compilation procedures, content of rules, publication forms, and dispute resolution mechanisms. It seeks to enhance user data protection..." }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "Zhejiang provincial authorities trial rules and 2024 negative list for cross-border data transfers in the Free Trade Zone", "url": "https://www.zjwx.gov.cn/art/2025/4/10/art_1673564_58876604.html", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the Zhejiang Provincial Internet Information Office, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce, and Zhejiang Provincial Data Bureau issued the Administrative Measures for the Negative List of Data Cross-Border Transmission in the China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone (Trial) along with the accompanying China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone Data Outbound Management List (Negative List) (2024 Edition). The framework governs the cross-border provision of personal information...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "浙江省自贸试验区跨境数据传输负面清单及2024年版", "description_zh": "On 31 March 2025, the Zhejiang Provincial Internet Information Office, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce, and Zhejiang Provincial Data Bureau issued the Administrative Measures for the Negative List of Data Cross-Border Transmission in the 中国 (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone (Trial) along with the accompanying 中国 (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone Data Outbound Management List (Negative List) (2024 Edition). The framework governs the cross-border provision of 个人信息..." }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration campaign on rectifying malicious marketing chaos on short video platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/15/c_1746334850258390.htm", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the Cyberspace Administration announced a campaign to rectify malicious marketing chaos in the short video field. The investigation focuses on concerns including the dissemination of false information, breaches of public order and accepted norms, and unlawful promotional methods. Platforms and websites found to be non-compliant will be subject to inspection and potential penalties, with serious cases made public.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治短视频恶意营销乱象专项行动", "description_zh": "On 15 April 2025, the 国家网信办 announced a campaign to rectify malicious marketing chaos in the 短视频 field. The investigation focuses on concerns including the dissemination of false information, breaches of public order and accepted norms, and unlawful promotional methods. Platforms and websites found to be non-compliant will be subject to inspection and potential penalties, with serious cases made public." }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "National Standards for Network Security Technology: SM9 Cryptographic Message Format", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250427104726&norm_id=20250321145952&recode_id=58908", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee closes its consultation regarding the draft National Standards for Network Security Technology: SM9 Cryptographic Message Format. SM9 is a pairing-based cryptographic algorithm designed for tasks like identity-based encryption and signatures. It allows the public key to be derived directly from a user’s identity (such as an email address), eliminating the need for certificates in certain systems...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全技术国家标准：SM9密码消息格式", "description_zh": "On 24 June 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee closes its consultation regarding the draft National Standards for Network Security Technology: SM9 Cryptographic Message Format. SM9 is a pairing-based cryptographic algorithm designed for tasks like identity-based encryption and signatures. It allows the public key to be derived directly from a user’s identity (such as an email address), eliminating the need for certificates in certain systems..." }, { "date": "25 April 2025", "title": "Establishment of National Data Development Research Institute", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/swdt/xwfb/0425/20250425213326318124357_pc.html?mc_cid=5eb886d495&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On April 25, 2025, the National Data Administration (NDA) announced the establishment of the National Data Development Research Institute. Operating under the NDA, the institute is intended to support national priorities related to data development and reform. Its responsibilities include conducting research on foundational, forward-looking and strategic issues in the data domain, proposing policy recommendations for the integration and sharing of data resources, contributing to the developme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据发展研究院成立", "description_zh": "On April 25, 2025, the National Data Administration (NDA) announced the establishment of the National Data Development Research Institute. Operating under the NDA, the institute is intended to support national priorities related to data development and reform. Its responsibilities include conducting research on foundational, forward-looking and strategic issues in the data domain, proposing policy recommendations for the integration and sharing of data resources, contributing to the developme..." }, { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Management Regulations for Terminal Device Direct Satellite Service 2025", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/30/c_1747719075774684.htm", "description": "On 1 June 2025, the Management Regulations on Terminal Equipment Directly Connecting to Satellite Services enter into force. The Regulation introduces obligations for service providers to implement security measures protecting data and digital infrastructure. Firms must comply with the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law, Personal Information Protection Law, and Cryptography Law. Required measures include network security classification, multi-level protection, personal data safeguards, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《终端设备直接卫星服务管理办法2025》网络安全规定", "description_zh": "On 1 June 2025, the Management Regulations on Terminal Equipment Directly Connecting to Satellite Services enter into force. The Regulation introduces obligations for service providers to implement security measures protecting data and digital infrastructure. Firms must comply with the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law, Personal Information Protection Law, and Cryptography Law. Required measures include network security classification, multi-level protection, personal data safeguards, and ..." }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into platform accounts for alleged online rumors related to public policies and emergencies", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/12/c_1748758117494832.htm", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) reported on recent cases involving the creation and dissemination of false information related to public policy, emergencies, and social matters. According to the announcement, certain online accounts used AI tools and edited materials to produce and circulate content identified as false, including fabricated reports on extreme weather, public subsidies, lottery predictions, criminal incidents, and official programmes. The CAC state...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治涉公共政策及突发事件网络谣言专项", "description_zh": "On 12 May 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) reported on recent cases involving the creation and dissemination of false information related to public policy, emergencies, and social matters. According to the announcement, certain online accounts used 人工智能 tools and edited materials to produce and circulate content identified as false, including fabricated reports on extreme weather, public subsidies, lottery predictions, criminal incidents, and official programmes. The CAC state..." }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China inquiry for International Cybersecurity Standards (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27) including Information Security, Network Security, Data Security and Privacy Protection", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250509110312", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China closes its consultation on proposals for the development of international cybersecurity standards under the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 framework. During the consultation period, submissions were accepted from entities across research, academic, and industrial sectors. Proposals were required to be technically mature, follow ISO/IEC working draft formatting, and include standardised content addressing information security, network security, data se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网信办就ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27国际网络安全标准征求意见", "description_zh": "On 30 May 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 closes its consultation on proposals for the development of international 网络安全 standards under the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC27 framework. During the consultation period, submissions were accepted from entities across research, academic, and industrial sectors. Proposals were required to be technically mature, follow ISO/IEC working draft formatting, and include standardised content addressing information security, network security, data se..." }, { "date": "24 May 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into misleading financial information on online platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/24/c_1749797611855393.htm", "description": "On 24 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), in coordination with financial regulatory authorities, ruled on an investigation addressing online financial information misconduct. The action resulted in the removal of multiple accounts and websites for spreading false information about capital markets, promoting illegal stock recommendations, encouraging virtual currency speculation, and disseminating misleading financial rights defence content. The enforcement targeted Weibo, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治网络平台金融误导信息", "description_zh": "On 24 May 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC), in coordination with financial regulatory authorities, ruled on an investigation addressing online financial information misconduct. The action resulted in the removal of multiple accounts and websites for spreading false information about capital markets, promoting illegal stock recommendations, encouraging virtual currency speculation, and disseminating misleading financial rights defence content. The enforcement targeted Weibo, ..." }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Finance guidance on the promotion and application of electronic voucher accounting data standards (Notice No. 9 Finance and Accounting 2025)", "url": "https://kjs.mof.gov.cn/gongzuotongzhi/202505/t20250519_3964023.htm", "description": "On 9 May 2025, the Ministry of Finance adopted guidance on the promotion and application of electronic voucher accounting data standards. The guidance applies to accounting entities and platforms involved in processing electronic vouchers, including digital invoices and electronic tickets. The guidance sets out data standards to enable fully paperless workflows for receipt, reimbursement, accounting, and archiving.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部《关于推广和应用电子凭证会计数据标准的通知》（财会〔2025〕9号）", "description_zh": "On 9 May 2025, the Ministry of Finance adopted guidance on the promotion and application of electronic voucher accounting data standards. The guidance applies to accounting entities and platforms involved in processing electronic vouchers, including digital invoices and electronic tickets. The guidance sets out data standards to enable fully paperless workflows for receipt, reimbursement, accounting, and archiving." }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration notice outlining enhanced measures to combat illegally obtaining and revealing personal information online", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/27/c_1749968642745140.htm", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China adopted a notice outlining enhanced measures to combat the illegal practice of \"opening the box\", which involves the unauthorised acquisition and dissemination of personal information. The notice applies to local cyberspace departments and major online platforms, including Weibo, Tencent, Douyin, Kuaishou, Baidu, Xiaohongshu, Zhihu, Bilibili, and Douban. The notice mandates blocking and removing unlawful personal information leaks, shutti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治非法获取泄露个人信息专项通知", "description_zh": "On 27 May 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 adopted a notice outlining enhanced measures to combat the illegal practice of \"opening the box\", which involves the unauthorised acquisition and dissemination of 个人信息. The notice applies to local cyberspace departments and major 网络平台s, including Weibo, Tencent, Douyin, Kuaishou, Baidu, Xiaohongshu, Zhihu, Bilibili, and Douban. The notice mandates blocking and removing unlawful 个人信息 leaks, shutti..." }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "People's Bank of China guidelines on cross-border data flow compliance in financial sector", "url": "http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/5675551/index.html", "description": "On 17 April 2025, the People’s Bank of China, the State Administration of Financial Supervision, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the Cyberspace Administration of China, and the National Data Administration jointly released the Guidelines for Promoting and Regulating Compliance of Cross-Border Data Flows in the Financial Industry. The Guidelines aim to support more efficient and standardised cross-border data flows between Chinese and f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人民银行金融业跨境数据流动合规指引", "description_zh": "On 17 April 2025, the People’s Bank of 中国, the State Administration of Financial Supervision, the 中国 Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, the 国家网信办 of 中国, and the National Data Administration jointly released the Guidelines for Promoting and Regulating Compliance of Cross-Border Data Flows in the Financial Industry. The Guidelines aim to support more efficient and standardised 跨境数据 flows between Chinese and f..." }, { "date": "25 April 2025", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation measures requiring online platforms to submit operator identity and transaction data (National Market Supervision Network Supervision Regulation [2025] No. 2)", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/zw/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/wjs/art/2025/art_3bb875e8456040d08eddc8d1169c66c4.html", "description": "On 25 April 2025, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Submission of Compliance Data for Online Transactions (National Market Supervision Network Supervision Regulation [2025] No. 2) entered into force. This regulation requires operators of online transaction platforms within the territory of the People’s Republic of China to submit compliance data to market supervision authorities. This includes identity information of online transaction operators, such as names, contact details, b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场监管总局《网络交易经营者身份信息报送管理办法》", "description_zh": "On 25 April 2025, the Interim Measures for the Administration of Submission of Compliance Data for Online Transactions (National Market Supervision Network Supervision Regulation [2025] No. 2) entered into force. This regulation requires operators of online transaction platforms within the territory of the People’s Republic of 中国 to submit compliance data to market supervision authorities. This includes identity information of online transaction operators, such as names, contact details, b..." }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "National Computer Virus Emergency Response Centre investigation into mobile applications violating data protection regulations under China's 2025 personal information protection enforcement campaign", "url": "https://www.cverc.org.cn/zxdt/report20250420.htm", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Centre identified 67 mobile applications as violating the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The findings, based on inspections conducted between 1 March and 8 April 2025, formed part of the 2025 Special Enforcement Action for Personal Information Protection coordinated by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家计算机病毒应急处理中心APP违规查处", "description_zh": "On 8 April 2025, the 国家计算机病毒应急处理中心 identified 67 mobile applications as violating the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The findings, based on inspections conducted between 1 March and 8 April 2025, formed part of the 2025 Special Enforcement Action for Personal Information Protection coordinated by the 国家网信办 of 中国, the 工业和信息化部, the 公安部, and t..." }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "National Computer Virus Emergency Response Centre investigation into multiple mobile applications over alleged privacy violations", "url": "https://www.cverc.org.cn/zxdt/report20250417.htm", "description": "On 17 April 2025, the National Computer Virus Emergency Response Centre identified 13 mobile applications as non-compliant with the Cybersecurity Law, the Personal Information Protection Law, and the Method for Identifying Illegal and Irregular Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps. The violations included failure to inform users of data processing details such as the data controller's identity and data retention periods, insufficient disclosure in privacy policies regarding the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家计算机病毒应急处理中心APP隐私违规查处", "description_zh": "On 17 April 2025, the 国家计算机病毒应急处理中心 identified 13 mobile applications as non-compliant with the Cybersecurity Law, the Personal Information Protection Law, and the Method for Identifying Illegal and Irregular Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps. The violations included failure to inform users of data processing details such as the data controller's identity and data retention periods, insufficient disclosure in privacy policies regarding the ..." }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "Shanghai Internet Information Office investigation into medical service Internet companies over alleged failure to protect personal information", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI1MDE2OTEyNQ==&mid=2651566946&idx=1&sn=e32bd74119adf7d5aad55613798c0c23&chksm=f3e34d9c10ff8dd07554a954bddeb312c529fa4572b52cfeaa7636f745c9af000ab39f9377df&mpshare=1&scene=1&srcid=04309R1WIL0WMCBuHqq0NXRs&sharer_shareinfo=4f9ceb86b85c39be3db5d02a8d6f00fd&sharer_shareinfo_first=4f9ceb86b85c39be3db5d02a8d6f00fd#rd", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Shanghai Internet Information Office imposed administrative penalties on several internet-based medical service companies for failing to meet network and data security obligations, resulting in personal information leaks. The investigation found that firms engaged in medical software, training, and digital health services operated with insufficient internal controls, inadequate technical safeguards, and non-compliant storage practices. Common issues included the absence ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海市网信办查处医疗互联网公司个人信息保护违规", "description_zh": "On 28 April 2025, the Shanghai Internet Information Office imposed administrative penalties on several internet-based medical service companies for failing to meet network and 数据安全 obligations, resulting in 个人信息 leaks. The investigation found that firms engaged in medical software, training, and digital health services operated with insufficient internal controls, inadequate technical safeguards, and non-compliant storage practices. Common issues included the absence ..." }, { "date": "30 November 2025", "title": "Data governance and personal information protection obligations in Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration 2025 Internet of Vehicles action plan", "url": "https://shca.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/art/2025/art_948a4eafae5e46d4bf2d483c4f049c0b.html", "description": "On 30 November 2025, enterprises covered by the 2025 Internet of Vehicles (IoV) action plan adopted by the Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration must submit two types of data protection assessments to the municipal authority. First, they must file an annual data security risk assessment report covering the handling of important data, conducted either internally or through a third party. Second, they must submit personal information protection impact assessments for processing activ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海市通信管理局2025车联网行动计划数据安全规定", "description_zh": "On 30 November 2025, enterprises covered by the 2025 Internet of Vehicles (IoV) action plan adopted by the Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration must submit two types of data protection assessments to the municipal authority. First, they must file an annual 数据安全 risk assessment report covering the handling of important data, conducted either internally or through a third party. Second, they must submit 个人信息 protection impact assessments for processing activ..." }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration investigation into Guancha.cn, Jianshu, Yuqingtong, PP Video, and UCloud over alleged infringement of user rights protection regulations", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/e9e_zNoeNX6P-74Nx8xAOQ", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration issued a notice identifying five applications including Guancha.cn, Jianshu, Yuqingtong, PP Video, and UCloud and their developers for non-compliance with user rights protection regulations. The violations included excessive permission requests, lack of disclosure regarding personal data processing, unauthorised background activity, and improper personal data collection. The applications were instructed to complete correct...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "上海市通信管理局查处用户权益保护违规", "description_zh": "On 11 April 2025, the Shanghai Municipal Communications Administration issued a notice identifying five applications including Guancha.cn, Jianshu, Yuqingtong, PP Video, and UCloud and their developers for non-compliance with user rights protection regulations. The violations included excessive permission requests, lack of disclosure regarding personal data processing, unauthorised background activity, and improper personal data collection. The applications were instructed to complete correct..." }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Xinxiang Municipal Party Committee Cyberspace Affairs Office investigation into local technology company over alleged violations of data protection laws", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/moDrzcHQc8uFz3xPa-gzyQ", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the Xinxiang Municipal Party Committee Cyberspace Affairs Office imposed administrative penalties on a local technology company for violations of the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The penalty included a warning and a fine of CNY 100’000, based on Article 41(1), Article 42(2), and Article 64(1) of the Cybersecurity Law. The violations involved the company’s mobile application failing to disclose the purpose, method, and scope of personal inform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新乡市委网信办查处本地科技公司数据保护违法", "description_zh": "On 3 April 2025, the Xinxiang Municipal Party Committee Cyberspace Affairs Office imposed administrative penalties on a local technology company for violations of the Cybersecurity Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. The penalty included a warning and a fine of CNY 100’000, based on Article 41(1), Article 42(2), and Article 64(1) of the Cybersecurity Law. The violations involved the company’s mobile application failing to disclose the purpose, method, and scope of personal inform..." }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Supervision and Management Measures for Online Trading Platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/07/c_1769515215345420.htm", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Supervision and Management Measures for Online Trading Platforms enter into force. The Supervision and Management Measures for Online Trading Platforms include content moderation regulations for online trading platforms. Article 18 of the Measures require platforms to formulate platforms rules which regulate online trading platforms such that they do not violate laws, business ethics, public order, or good customs. If platforms provide information publishing services, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络交易平台监督管理实施细则》内容审核规定", "description_zh": "On 1 February 2026, the Supervision and Management Measures for Online Trading Platforms enter into force. The Supervision and Management Measures for Online Trading Platforms include 内容审核 regulations for online trading platforms. Article 18 of the Measures require platforms to formulate platforms rules which regulate online trading platforms such that they do not violate laws, business ethics, public order, or good customs. If platforms provide information publishing services, ..." }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practice requirement in Supervision and Management Measures for Live Streaming E-commerce", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/07/c_1769516655383334.htm", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Supervision and Management Measures for Live Streaming E-commerce enter into force. The Measures define live-streaming e-commerce as business activities that sell goods or provide services through websites, applications, or other means using video live streaming, audio live streaming, or a combination of these methods. Article 34 of the Measures prohibit live streaming room operators and live streaming marketers from making false or misleading commercial promotions con...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《直播电商监督管理实施细则》公平营销规定", "description_zh": "On 1 February 2026, the Supervision and Management Measures for Live Streaming E-commerce enter into force. The Measures define live-streaming e-commerce as business activities that sell goods or provide services through websites, applications, or other means using video live streaming, audio live streaming, or a combination of these methods. Article 34 of the Measures prohibit live streaming room operators and live streaming marketers from making false or misleading commercial promotions con..." }, { "date": "17 August 2025", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Committee national standard on specifications for entity authentication and access architecture for introducing trusted third parties into network security technology", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250618111326&norm_id=20250213150012&recode_id=59290", "description": "On 17 August 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Committee closes the consultation on the national standard on specifications for entity authentication and access architecture for introducing trusted third parties into network security technology. The standard applies to manufacturers in the communications sector, testing institutions, and research organisations involved in network access control and identity management. It proposes a peer-to-peer access framework using asymmetri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网安标委引入可信第三方的网络实体认证规范", "description_zh": "On 17 August 2025, the National Cybersecurity Standardization Committee closes the consultation on the national standard on specifications for entity authentication and access architecture for introducing trusted third parties into network security technology. The standard applies to manufacturers in the communications sector, testing institutions, and research organisations involved in network access control and identity management. It proposes a peer-to-peer access framework using asymmetri..." }, { "date": "11 January 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in national standard GB/T 45574-2025 on Information Security Technology--Security Requirements for Processing Sensitive Personal Information", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=F9F3A2EBF49E9B4D73AD8C8912986D5A", "description": "On 1 November 2025, the national standard GB/T 45574-2025 Information Security Technology—Security Requirements for Processing Sensitive Personal Information enters into force, requiring full compliance with its provisions for processing sensitive personal information. The standard defines sensitive personal information as data that, if misused or leaked, may compromise an individual’s dignity, safety, or property, including biometric, medical, financial, and location data. It sets out requir...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《信息安全技术 敏感个人信息处理安全要求》（GB/T 45574-2025）数据保护规定", "description_zh": "On 1 November 2025, the national standard GB/T 45574-2025 Information Security Technology—Security Requirements for Processing Sensitive Personal Information enters into force, requiring full compliance with its provisions for processing sensitive 个人信息. The standard defines sensitive 个人信息 as data that, if misused or leaked, may compromise an individual’s dignity, safety, or property, including biometric, medical, financial, and location data. It sets out requir..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Regulations on Management of Use of Commercial Encryption in Critical Information Infrastructure (Order No. 5)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/01/c_1753083518894995.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Regulations on the Management of the Use of Commercial Encryption in Critical Information Infrastructure (Order No. 5) enter into force. Jointly issued by the National Cryptography Administration, the Cyberspace Administration of China, and the Ministry of Public Security on 11 June 2025, the regulations establish a framework to standardise and oversee the application of commercial encryption within Critical Information Infrastructure (CII). The regulations outline the r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《关键信息基础设施商用密码使用管理规定》（第5号）", "description_zh": "On 1 August 2025, the Regulations on the Management of the Use of Commercial Encryption in Critical Information Infrastructure (Order No. 5) enter into force. Jointly issued by the National Cryptography Administration, the 国家网信办 of 中国, and the 公安部 on 11 June 2025, the regulations establish a framework to standardise and oversee the application of commercial encryption within Critical Information Infrastructure (CII). The regulations outline the r..." }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into online accounts spreading false, unlawful and defamatory information", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/02/c_1753168135327805.htm", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China announced enforcement actions under the campaign titled Clear and Bright, Optimising the Business Network Environment – Rectifying the 'Black Mouths' of Enterprise-Related Networks. The campaign applied to online accounts and content creators who spread false information, defamed enterprises, impersonated companies, or unlawfully disclosed trade secrets across platforms including Douyin, WeChat, Xiaohongshu, and Sohu. It imposed obligatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治虚假违法信息专项行动", "description_zh": "On 2 July 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 announced enforcement actions under the campaign titled Clear and Bright, Optimising the Business Network Environment – Rectifying the 'Black Mouths' of Enterprise-Related Networks. The campaign applied to online accounts and content creators who spread false information, defamed enterprises, impersonated companies, or unlawfully disclosed trade secrets across platforms including Douyin, WeChat, Xiaohongshu, and Sohu. It imposed obligatio..." }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "National Standardisation Administration plan for recommended national standards", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250715152423", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) issued Notice No. 90, announcing the issuance of plans for the revision of nine recommended national standards in cybersecurity, as authorised by the National Standardisation Administration. The projects, to be completed within a 16-month period from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, will be overseen by TC 260 and assigned to several specialised working groups. The scope of these projects...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家标准委推荐性国家标准制修订计划", "description_zh": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) issued Notice No. 90, announcing the issuance of plans for the revision of nine recommended national standards in 网络安全, as authorised by the National Standardisation Administration. The projects, to be completed within a 16-month period from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, will be overseen by TC 260 and assigned to several specialised working groups. The scope of these projects..." }, { "date": "13 September 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China technical requirements for clearing information of electronic products using data security technology", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/14/c_1753948488354406.htm", "description": "On 13 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China opened a consultation on the draft Technical Requirements for Electronic Product Information Erasure. The standard outlines technical and operational requirements for securely erasing user data from electronic products, including devices with magnetic or semiconductor storage. They apply to manufacturers and recyclers, covering design, recycling, and verification processes, with user data defined as personal information, files, apps...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网信办电子产品数据清除技术要求", "description_zh": "On 13 September 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 opened a consultation on the draft Technical Requirements for Electronic Product Information Erasure. The standard outlines technical and operational requirements for securely erasing user data from electronic products, including devices with magnetic or semiconductor storage. They apply to manufacturers and recyclers, covering design, recycling, and verification processes, with user data defined as 个人信息, files, apps..." }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "National Standardisation Administration's national standard on cybersecurity technology focusing on application security requirements for Internet of Things", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250715152423", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) announced the revision of the recommended national standard on cybersecurity technology on application security technical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) perception terminals. It was highlighted that the revision project would run from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, aiming to update application-level security specifications for IoT devices such as sensors and data acquisition...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家标准委物联网应用安全技术标准", "description_zh": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) announced the revision of the recommended national standard on 网络安全 technology on application security technical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) perception terminals. It was highlighted that the revision project would run from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, aiming to update application-level security specifications for IoT devices such as sensors and data acquisition..." }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "National Standardisation Administration National Standardisation Administration's national standard on information security technology focusing on trusted computing platform for servers", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250715152423", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) announced the revision of the recommended national standard on information security technology on trusted computing specification for trusted support platform for servers. It was highlighted that the revision project would run from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, aiming to update platform specifications by addressing technical architecture and security assurance requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家标准委可信计算平台标准", "description_zh": "On 15 July 2025, the Secretariat of the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) announced the revision of the recommended national standard on information security technology on trusted computing specification for trusted support platform for servers. It was highlighted that the revision project would run from 11 July 2025 to 1 November 2026, aiming to update platform specifications by addressing technical architecture and security assurance requirements." }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "Internet Information Office investigation into alleged distribution of harmful content on short video platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/16/c_1754380071218613.htm", "description": "On 17 July 2025, the China Internet Information Office concluded an investigation into the distribution of harmful content on short video platforms. The investigation examined malicious marketing and harmful content on short video platforms, including Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, WeChat Video, and Weibo. The investigation applied to accounts engaged in fabricating scripts, spreading false information, creating fake personalities, using Artificial Intelligence-based impersonation, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务���新��办整治短视频有害内容", "description_zh": "On 17 July 2025, the 中国 Internet Information Office concluded an investigation into the distribution of harmful content on 短视频 platforms. The investigation examined malicious marketing and harmful content on 短视频 platforms, including Douyin, Kuaishou, Bilibili, Xiaohongshu, WeChat Video, and Weibo. The investigation applied to accounts engaged in fabricating scripts, spreading false information, creating fake personalities, using 人工智能-based impersonation, ..." }, { "date": "8 June 2025", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation national standards on e-commerce, commodity barcoding, knowledge management, and enterprise credit information", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2025/art_3d4656cec2684738b330af89feb631e5.html", "description": "On 6 August 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) approved the release of a number of national standards, including 29 national standards for e-commerce, commodity barcoding, and knowledge management to maintain market order and facilitate commodity circulation and trade, and three national standards on enterprise credit data, credit files, and information collection to enhance the effectiveness of credit supervision of business entities and establish unified national cr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场监管总局电商编码知识管理信用信息国标", "description_zh": "On 6 August 2025, the 市场监管总局 (SAMR) approved the release of a number of national standards, including 29 national standards for e-commerce, commodity barcoding, and knowledge management to maintain market order and facilitate commodity circulation and trade, and three national standards on enterprise credit data, credit files, and information collection to enhance the effectiveness of credit supervision of business entities and establish unified national cr..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China guidance for local authorities on implementing licence and display initiative for internet news and information services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-08/01/c_1755762588258753.htm", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the continued promotion of the “licence and display” initiative for internet news and information services, aimed at further standardising online dissemination and enhancing the recognition of such services. The CAC deployed guidance for local CACs to improve approval quality and efficiency and required 15 websites and platforms approved to provide internet news and information dissemination platform services, including ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办互联网新闻信息服务许可公示指引", "description_zh": "On 1 August 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) announced the continued promotion of the “licence and display” initiative for internet news and 信息服务s, aimed at further standardising online dissemination and enhancing the recognition of such services. The CAC deployed guidance for local CACs to improve approval quality and efficiency and required 15 websites and platforms approved to provide internet news and information dissemination platform services, including ..." }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "National Network Security Standardisation Technical Committee's national standard on network security technical authentication and authorisation focused on attribute-based access control model and management specification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250827154317&norm_id=20250730104829&recode_id=59760", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the Chinese National Network Security Standardisation Technical Committee Secretariat (TC260) closes the consultation on the national standard on network security technical authentication and authorisation, focused on the attribute-based access control model and management specification. The standard applies to organisations and cybersecurity product and service providers, and provides a reference for evaluators and regulators. The standard sets out obligations on attribut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网安标委基于属性的访问控制模型规范", "description_zh": "On 26 October 2025, the Chinese National Network Security Standardisation Technical Committee Secretariat (全国网安标委) closes the consultation on the national standard on network security technical authentication and authorisation, focused on the attribute-based access control model and management specification. The standard applies to organisations and 网络安全 product and service providers, and provides a reference for evaluators and regulators. The standard sets out obligations on attribut..." }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "TC260 national standard on information security technology open third-party resource authorisation protocol", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20250827154251&norm_id=20250708125141&recode_id=59758", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the Chinese National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee Secretariat (TC260) closes the consultation on the national standard on information security technology open third-party resource authorisation protocol. The standard is addressed to professionals and organisations involved in cybersecurity, identity authentication, and secure communication system development in China. The GB/T (non-binding) standard defines a third-party resource authorisation proto...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260开放第三方资源授权协议", "description_zh": "On 26 October 2025, the Chinese National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee Secretariat (全国网安标委) closes the consultation on the national standard on information security technology open third-party resource authorisation protocol. The standard is addressed to professionals and organisations involved in 网络安全, identity authentication, and secure communication system development in 中国. The GB/T (non-binding) standard defines a third-party resource authorisation proto..." }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology Guidelines on Ethics for Research and Development of Driving Automation Technology", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202507/W020250723370127123630.pdf", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MOST), through the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee Artificial Intelligence Ethics Sub-Committee, released the Guidelines on Ethics for Research and Development of Driving Automation Technology. The Guidelines establish a framework to regulate the research, development, and application of automated driving systems in China. The Guidelines define terminology including the taxonomy of driv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科技部自动驾驶技术研发伦理指南", "description_zh": "On 23 July 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of 中国 (MOST), through the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee 人工智能 Ethics Sub-Committee, released the Guidelines on Ethics for Research and Development of Driving Automation Technology. The Guidelines establish a framework to regulate the research, development, and application of automated driving systems in 中国. The Guidelines define terminology including the taxonomy of driv..." }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Supreme People's Court 47th batch of guiding cases on data rights and interests (Guiding Cases Nos. 262-267)", "url": "https://eastlawlibrary.court.gov.cn/court-digital-library-search/page/portal/newsDetail.html?id=44aad9946d2b414a9ee1b59b965192e6&utm", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) released its 47th batch of Guiding Cases (Guiding Cases Nos. 262–267). It represents the first special set on the judicial protection of data rights and interests, addressing adjudicatory issues including the determination of data ownership, use of data products, protection of personal information, and transfer of online platform accounts. The batch includes six cases. Case 262 concerns unfair competition arising from crawling and moving net...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "最高法第47批数据权益保护指导性案例", "description_zh": "On 28 August 2025, the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) released its 47th batch of Guiding Cases (Guiding Cases Nos. 262–267). It represents the first special set on the judicial protection of data rights and interests, addressing adjudicatory issues including the determination of data ownership, use of data products, protection of 个人信息, and transfer of 网络平台 accounts. The batch includes six cases. Case 262 concerns unfair competition arising from crawling and moving net..." }, { "date": "9 May 2025", "title": "Chongqing Cyberspace Administration's guidelines for negative list of data cross-border transfers in pilot free trade zone", "url": "https://sww.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_247/zfxxgkmlrk/zcwj/qtwj/202509/t20250905_14979480.html", "description": "On 5 September 2025, the trial guidelines for the negative list of data cross-border transfers in the Chongqing pilot free trade zone enter into force. The guideline applies to enterprises, public institutions, social organisations, and other data processors operating in the zone. Data processors must identify whether data falls within the negative list. For data within the list, they must conduct security assessments, use standard contracts, or obtain personal information protection certific...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重庆网信办自贸试验区数据跨境负面清单指引", "description_zh": "On 5 September 2025, the trial guidelines for the negative list of data cross-border transfers in the Chongqing pilot free trade zone enter into force. The guideline applies to enterprises, public institutions, social organisations, and other data processors operating in the zone. Data processors must identify whether data falls within the negative list. For data within the list, they must conduct security assessments, use standard contracts, or obtain 个人信息 protection certific..." }, { "date": "9 May 2025", "title": "Chongqing Pilot Free Trade Zone Administration's data cross-border transfer management list", "url": "https://sww.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_247/zfxxgkmlrk/zcwj/qtwj/202509/t20250905_14979480.html", "description": "On 5 September 2025, the Chongqing Pilot Free Trade Zone Administration's data cross-border transfer management list entered into force. The list applies to intelligent connected vehicle operators, automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers. It applies to organisations requiring a security assessment for the transfer of important data, including research and development information, high-precision maps, and sensitive geospatial or logistics data. It imposes thresholds for pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重庆自贸试验区数据跨境传输管理清单", "description_zh": "On 5 September 2025, the Chongqing Pilot Free Trade Zone Administration's data cross-border transfer management list entered into force. The list applies to intelligent connected vehicle operators, automotive manufacturers, suppliers, and service providers. It applies to organisations requiring a security assessment for the transfer of important data, including research and development information, high-precision maps, and sensitive geospatial or logistics data. It imposes thresholds for pers..." }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China investigation into illegal and irregular military-related self-media accounts", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-08/14/c_1756802778203543.htm", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published typical cases following investigation into a number of self-media accounts that had violated the Regulations on the Management of the Dissemination of Military Information on the Internet by engaging in activities such as impersonating official accounts, fabricating military rumours, distorting military history, smearing the image of the military, exploiting support for the military, and exposing military barracks. Exam...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治军事自媒体违规账号", "description_zh": "On 14 August 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) published typical cases following investigation into a number of self-media accounts that had violated the Regulations on the Management of the Dissemination of Military Information on the Internet by engaging in activities such as impersonating official accounts, fabricating military rumours, distorting military history, smearing the image of the military, exploiting support for the military, and exposing military barracks. Exam..." }, { "date": "9 October 2025", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and 5 other authorities joint enforcement campaign to address online irregularities in automotive sector using generative AI and false advertising", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/10/c_1759222998251085.htm", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Central Social Work Department, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out a Special Campaign to Rectify Internet Chaos in the Automobile Industry. The Notice launches a 3 month nationwide enforcement campaign to address online irregularities in t...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "六部门整治汽车行业AI虚假广告专项行动", "description_zh": "On 10 September 2025, the 工业和信息化部, the Central Social Work Department, the 国家网信办 of 中国, the 国家发展改革委, the 公安部, and the 市场监管总局 jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out a Special Campaign to Rectify Internet Chaos in the Automobile Industry. The Notice launches a 3 month nationwide enforcement campaign to address online irregularities in t..." }, { "date": "13 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Commerce's investigation into alleged discriminatory measures applied by United States against China in integrated circuit sector", "url": "https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2025/art_10f0b79967124892ba1be0981d9e56f6.html", "description": "On 13 September 2025, China’s Ministry of Commerce launched an anti-discrimination investigation into the United States' (US) measures in the integrated circuit sector. The investigation covers tariffs, export restrictions on chips and manufacturing equipment, limits on U.S. participation in Chinese semiconductor projects, and rules on the use of advanced computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips. The investigation applies to design, manufacturing, packaging, testing, equipment, compon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "商务部就美对华集成电路歧视措施调查", "description_zh": "On 13 September 2025, 中国’s Ministry of Commerce launched an anti-discrimination investigation into the 美国' (US) measures in the integrated circuit sector. The investigation covers tariffs, export restrictions on chips and manufacturing equipment, limits on U.S. participation in Chinese semiconductor projects, and rules on the use of advanced computing and 人工智能 (人工智能) chips. The investigation applies to design, manufacturing, packaging, testing, equipment, compon..." }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China special clear and bright campaign rectifying the problems of malicious instigation of negative emotions", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/22/c_1760258688713582.htm", "description": "On 22 September 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) launched a two-month nationwide special clear and bright campaign rectifying the problems of malicious instigation of negative emotions. The campaign aims to address the deliberate incitement of confrontation, the promotion of violence and hostility, and other forms of harmful sentiment online. It applies to social media platforms, short video services, and livestreaming platforms, with inspections covering topics, rankings, r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治恶意煽动负面情绪专项行动", "description_zh": "On 22 September 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) launched a two-month nationwide special clear and bright campaign rectifying the problems of malicious instigation of negative emotions. The campaign aims to address the deliberate incitement of confrontation, the promotion of violence and hostility, and other forms of harmful sentiment online. It applies to social media platforms, 短视频 services, and livestreaming platforms, with inspections covering topics, rankings, r..." }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "Several Measures on Strengthening the Cultivation of Innovative Digital Economy Enterprises (Development and Reform Commission Data [2025] No. 1154)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202509/content_7042559.htm?mc_cid=526928f679&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the National Data Administration (NDA), the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), the State Financial Regulatory Commission (SFRC), and the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) adopted and implemented the Several Measures on Strengthening the Cultivation of Innovative Digital Economy Enterprises (Development and Reform Commission Data [2025] No. 1154). The Measures include promoting th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《培育创新型数字经济企业若干措施》", "description_zh": "On 4 September 2025, the 国家发展改革委 (NDRC), the National Data Administration (NDA), the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the People’s Bank of 中国 (PBoC), the State Financial Regulatory Commission (SFRC), and the 中国 Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) adopted and implemented the Several Measures on Strengthening the Cultivation of Innovative Digital Economy Enterprises (Development and Reform Commission Data [2025] No. 1154). The Measures include promoting th..." }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Digital Consumption and Creating a Better Life in the Digital Age", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202509/content_7042158.htm", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Ministry of Commerce and eight other departments implemented the \"Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Digital Consumption and Creating a Better Life in the Digital Age\". The Opinions aim to encourage digital consumption, including by encouraging the development of digital products, such as smart products and products integrating artificial intelligence. Local authorities are instructed to guide businesses in carrying out data classification and protection measures...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《大力发展数字消费创造美好数字生活指导意见》", "description_zh": "On 25 August 2025, the Ministry of Commerce and eight other departments implemented the \"Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Digital Consumption and Creating a Better Life in the Digital Age\". The Opinions aim to encourage digital consumption, including by encouraging the development of digital products, such as smart products and products integrating artificial intelligence. Local authorities are instructed to guide businesses in carrying out data classification and protection measures..." }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity Department of the Changsha Public Security Bureau's High-tech Branch investigation into fake and staged advertising to safeguard legitimate rights of businesses", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2025/art_a40a7b5865714da680c37ca2d5284369.html", "description": "On 27 October 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation reported that the Cybersecurity Department of the Changsha Public Security Bureau's High-tech Branch, together with public security authorities, investigated a company for fabricating a false online persona, a “former chief female technical hacker at a large tech company”, to promote courses through staged videos. The investigation found that the company had no connection to the claimed identity and had used false advertising ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "长沙市公安局高新区分局整治虚假广告", "description_zh": "On 27 October 2025, the 市场监管总局 reported that the Cybersecurity Department of the Changsha Public Security Bureau's High-tech Branch, together with public security authorities, investigated a company for fabricating a false online persona, a “former chief female technical hacker at a large tech company”, to promote courses through staged videos. The investigation found that the company had no connection to the claimed identity and had used false advertising ..." }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "State Administration for Market Regulation Network Security Technology Network Security Operation and Maintenance Implementation Guide (GB/T 45940-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn//gb/search/gbDetailed?id=3B46A026CBF9469CE06397BE0A0AEEB8", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation Security Technology Network Security Operation and Maintenance Implementation Guide (GB/T 45940-2025) enters into force. The Guide establishes a reference framework for cybersecurity operations, centred on six functions. The functions include operations management, identification, defence, monitoring, response, and collaboration. It outlines three primary service models, including fully self-built, jointly-built, and fully man...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场监管总局《网络安全运维实施指南》（GB/T 45940-2025）", "description_zh": "On 1 February 2026, the 市场监管总局 Security Technology Network Security Operation and Maintenance Implementation Guide (GB/T 45940-2025) enters into force. The Guide establishes a reference framework for 网络安全 operations, centred on six functions. The functions include operations management, identification, defence, monitoring, response, and collaboration. It outlines three primary service models, including fully self-built, jointly-built, and fully man..." }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Measures on Promoting Service Exports (Trade and Development No. 186 2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202509/content_7042162.htm", "description": "On 22 September 2025, the Ministry of Commerce and nine other departments in China issued a Notice on Several Policy Measures on Promoting Service Exports (Trade and Development No. 186 2025). The notice includes measures on facilitate and regulate cross-border data flows, including formulating important data catalogues and issuing operational guidelines for their identification. The Notice also prescribes the dynamic updating of negative lists for data outbound transfers in free trade zones...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《促进服务出口若干措施》", "description_zh": "On 22 September 2025, the Ministry of Commerce and nine other departments in 中国 issued a Notice on Several Policy Measures on Promoting Service Exports (Trade and Development No. 186 2025). The notice includes measures on facilitate and regulate 跨境数据 flows, including formulating important data catalogues and issuing operational guidelines for their identification. The Notice also prescribes the dynamic updating of negative lists for data outbound transfers in free trade zones..." }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Public Security typical administrative law enforcement cases including cross-border data transfer and cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254098/n4904352/c10237071/content.html", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Cyber Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security released six typical administrative enforcement cases from its “Protect the Net — 2025” special campaign. In on case, a multinational company in Shanghai was sanctioned for failing to comply with cross-border personal data transfer requirements, including failing to conduct a data export security assessment, sign standard contracts, or obtain certification. Further, when transmitting customer data to overseas h...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公安部典型行政执法案例", "description_zh": "On 18 September 2025, the Cyber Security Bureau of the 公安部 released six typical administrative enforcement cases from its “Protect the Net — 2025” special campaign. In on case, a multinational company in Shanghai was sanctioned for failing to comply with cross-border personal data transfer requirements, including failing to conduct a data export security assessment, sign standard contracts, or obtain certification. Further, when transmitting customer data to overseas h..." }, { "date": "9 October 2025", "title": "Outline on judicial approaches to adjudication of AI-related cases", "url": "https://www.bjinternetcourt.gov.cn/details.html?id=451", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the Beijing Internet Court held a press conference to outline its judicial approaches to the adjudication of artificial intelligence-related (AI) cases. The Court highlighted features of AI-related cases, including on copyright liability in relation to training and AI-generated content, as well as platform algorithm governance and platform liability for AI hallucinations. The Court highlighted the challenges in adjudicating such cases, including difficulty in ascertainin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北京互联网法院AI案件审判要点", "description_zh": "On 10 September 2025, the Beijing Internet Court held a press conference to outline its judicial approaches to the adjudication of artificial intelligence-related (人工智能) cases. The Court highlighted features of 人工智能-related cases, including on copyright liability in relation to training and 人工智能-generated content, as well as platform algorithm governance and platform liability for 人工智能 hallucinations. The Court highlighted the challenges in adjudicating such cases, including difficulty in ascertainin..." }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Action Plan for deepening development of smart cities and promoting digital transformation", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202510/t20251031_1401318.html?mc_cid=526e594eed&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 31 October 2025, China's National Development and Reform Commission issued an action plan for deepening the development of smart cities and promoting digital transformation. It applies to 50 cities to achieve full digital transformation by 2027. It requires cities to build Artificial Intelligence (AI) models for disaster and infrastructure monitoring, to integrate government, bank, hospital, and telecommunication data, and using data to meet the needs of vulnerable groups. The plan focuses...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "深化智慧城市建设行动方案", "description_zh": "On 31 October 2025, 中国's 国家发展改革委 issued an action plan for deepening the development of smart cities and promoting digital transformation. It applies to 50 cities to achieve full digital transformation by 2027. It requires cities to build 人工智能 (人工智能) models for disaster and infrastructure monitoring, to integrate government, bank, hospital, and telecommunication data, and using data to meet the needs of vulnerable groups. The plan focuses..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Guidelines on Anti-Monopoly Compliance of Internet Platforms", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/zw/zfxxgk/fdzdgknr/fldzfys/art/2026/art_ad10c5301fcb426cb839153ca9f5a274.html", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) adopted the guidelines on anti-monopoly compliance of internet platforms. The guidelines aim to assist platform operators in identifying antitrust compliance risks and to improve the clarity of the provisions by incorporating lessons from antitrust regulatory enforcement. The document outlines eight distinct risk scenarios for platform operators, presented with examples. These include algorithmic collusion between plat...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网平台反垄断合规指南》", "description_zh": "On 13 February 2026, the 市场监管总局 (SAMR) adopted the guidelines on anti-monopoly compliance of internet platforms. The guidelines aim to assist platform operators in identifying antitrust compliance risks and to improve the clarity of the provisions by incorporating lessons from antitrust regulatory enforcement. The document outlines eight distinct risk scenarios for platform operators, presented with examples. These include algorithmic collusion between plat..." }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Regulation on Protection of Personal Information on Large-scale Online Platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/22/c_1765543463511624.htm", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration closes the consultation on the draft Regulation on the Protection of Personal Information on Large-scale Online Platforms, including data localisation requirements. The regulation would apply to large-scale online platforms developed or operated within China, as identified by internet regulatory agencies according to criteria such as the number of registered users (50 million), monthly active users (10 million), the provision of important net...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《大型网络平台个人信息保护规定》数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "On 22 December 2025, the 国家网信办 closes the consultation on the draft Regulation on the Protection of Personal Information on Large-scale Online Platforms, including data localisation requirements. The regulation would apply to large-scale 网络平台s developed or operated within 中国, as identified by internet regulatory agencies according to criteria such as the number of registered users (50 million), monthly active users (10 million), the provision of important net..." }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into online accounts over use of AI to impersonate public figures for live-streaming marketing", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/14/c_1764843588402006.htm", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China removed over 8’700 illegal items and dealt with more than 11’000 impersonating accounts in an investigation into the use of AI to impersonate public figures for live-streaming marketing. It stated that certain online accounts had used AI technology to imitate public figures in live streams and short videos to publish marketing information, misleading netizens, and engaging in false advertising and online infringement. It stated that ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into online accounts over use of AI to impersonate public figures for live-streaming marketing", "description_zh": "On 14 November 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 removed over 8’700 illegal items and dealt with more than 11’000 impersonating accounts in an investigation into the use of 人工智能 to impersonate public figures for live-streaming marketing. It stated that certain online accounts had used 人工智能 technology to imitate public figures in live streams and 短视频s to publish marketing information, misleading netizens, and engaging in false advertising and online infringement. It stated that ..." }, { "date": "28 December 2025", "title": "Measures for Supervision and Inspection of Cyberspace Security by Public Security Organs", "url": "http://www.mps.gov.cn:8080/n2254536/n4904355/c10316016/content.html?mc_cid=9601a070f0&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 28 December 2025, the Ministry of Public Security closed the consultation on the draft Measures for Supervision and Inspection of Cyberspace Security by Public Security Organs. The draft sets out the legal basis under the Police Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China. It applies to network operators, data processors, and personal information processors, and establishes procedures for online inspection...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《公安机关网络安全监督检措施》", "description_zh": "On 28 December 2025, the 公安部 closed the consultation on the draft Measures for Supervision and Inspection of Cyberspace Security by Public Security Organs. The draft sets out the legal basis under the Police Law, the Cybersecurity Law, the Data Security Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of 中国. It applies to 网络运营者s, data processors, and 个人信息 processors, and establishes procedures for online inspection..." }, { "title": "TC260 technical requirements for cryptography and related security of identity-based cryptographic authentication system (GB/T 46798-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13DA5CB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s technical requirements for cryptography and related security of identity-based cryptographic authentication systems (GB/T 46798-2025) enter into force. The technical requirements apply to password authentication systems and set out the security requirements for password generation and management services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260基于身份密码认证系统技术要求", "description_zh": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s technical requirements for cryptography and related security of identity-based cryptographic authentication systems (GB/T 46798-2025) enter into force. The technical requirements apply to password authentication systems and set out the security requirements for password generation and management services." }, { "title": "TC260 standard cybersecurity product interconnectivity-part 2: asset information format (GB/T 44886.2-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13D6BCB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee standard cybersecurity product interconnectivity - part 2: asset information format (GB/T 44886.2-2025) enters into force. The standard applies to cybersecurity products and sets out the technical specifications for interconnectivity between such products.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全产品互联第2部分资产信息格式", "description_zh": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee standard 网络安全 product interconnectivity - part 2: asset information format (GB/T 44886.2-2025) enters into force. The standard applies to 网络安全 products and sets out the technical specifications for interconnectivity between such products." }, { "title": "TC260 standard data interface security risk monitoring methods (GB/T 46796-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13D6CCB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's standard data interface security risk monitoring methods (GB/T 46796-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out security risk monitoring methods in relation to data interfaces, aiming to guide data processors in carrying out risk monitoring work.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260数据接口安全风险监测方法", "description_zh": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee's standard data interface security risk monitoring methods (GB/T 46796-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out security risk monitoring methods in relation to data interfaces, aiming to guide data processors in carrying out risk monitoring work." }, { "date": "12 April 2025", "title": "Cooperation on AI governance in Statement of readiness to cooperate with ASEAN", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/04/c_1766577618173846.htm", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Initiative on Deepening China-ASEAN Cooperation on Digital Governance, including commitments regarding the AI regulatory framework. The initiative, put forward in September 2025, aims to strengthen communication, exchanges, and practical cooperation regarding AI. Areas of focus include responding to potential risks, standardising security governance, and formulating policies, laws, and regulations related to AI security ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国-东盟数字治理合作声明AI治理内容", "description_zh": "On 4 December 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 published the Initiative on Deepening 中国-ASEAN Cooperation on Digital Governance, including commitments regarding the 人工智能 regulatory framework. The initiative, put forward in September 2025, aims to strengthen communication, exchanges, and practical cooperation regarding 人工智能. Areas of focus include responding to potential risks, standardising security governance, and formulating policies, laws, and regulations related to 人工智能 security ..." }, { "title": "TC260 Standard Network Security Technology - Network Security Test Platform Architecture (GB/T 46820-2025)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=4507EFE13DADCB6AE06397BE0A0A601F", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s Standard Network Security Technology - Network Security Test Platform Architecture (GB/T 46820-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out the system architecture and component functions of a cybersecurity test platform for use in its design, development, and construction.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络安全测试平台架构", "description_zh": "On 1 July 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee’s Standard Network Security Technology - Network Security Test Platform Architecture (GB/T 46820-2025) enters into force. The standard sets out the system architecture and component functions of a 网络安全 test platform for use in its design, development, and construction." }, { "title": "TC260 standard cryptographic device application interface specification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/09a6a6c13ef3420b9c056e1a5c69a13a", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its standard on cryptographic device application interface specification. The standard sets out security requirements for application interfaces of server-side cryptographic devices, including algorithm identification, data structure, and interface functions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260密码设备应用接口规范", "description_zh": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) closes a consultation on its standard on cryptographic device application interface specification. The standard sets out security requirements for application interfaces of server-side cryptographic devices, including algorithm identification, data structure, and interface functions." }, { "title": "TC260 standard security technical requirements for application of sensing terminals in Internet of Things", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/6f3aae89a23941bdbee766fc3e82056d", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its standard on security technical requirements for application of sensing terminals in Internet of Things (IoT). The standard sets out security requirements for sensing terminals in IoT devices, to be used in all stages of the IoT development and production lifecycle. Specifically, the standard sets out basic requirements regarding physical security, device configuratio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260物联网感知终端安全技术要求", "description_zh": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) closes a consultation on its standard on security technical requirements for application of sensing terminals in Internet of Things (IoT). The standard sets out security requirements for sensing terminals in IoT devices, to be used in all stages of the IoT development and production lifecycle. Specifically, the standard sets out basic requirements regarding physical security, device configuratio..." }, { "title": "TC260 standard government cloud platform security monitoring methods", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/6586d59ff51041afa750e97a544cd8be", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes a consultation on its standard on government cloud platform security monitoring methods. The standard sets out security monitoring requirements for government cloud service providers. Specifically, the standard details safety monitoring methods and organisation, system and communication protection, access control, and emergency response measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260政务云平台安全监测方法", "description_zh": "On 10 February 2026, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) closes a consultation on its standard on government cloud platform security monitoring methods. The standard sets out security monitoring requirements for government cloud service providers. Specifically, the standard details safety monitoring methods and organisation, system and communication protection, access control, and emergency response measures." }, { "title": "Non-discrimination requirement in Rules on Internet Platform Pricing Behaviour", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/20/c_1767870953332182.htm", "description": "On 10 April 2026, the rules on internet platform pricing behaviour issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), and the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) come into force. Under Article 15 and in accordance with the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Consumer Rights Protection Law” and Price Law, platform operators and businesses are prohibited from using data, algorithms, or platform rules to set differe...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网平台定价行为规则》非歧视要求", "description_zh": "On 10 April 2026, the rules on internet platform pricing behaviour issued by the 市场监管总局 (SAMR), the 国家发展改革委 (NDRC), and the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) come into force. Under Article 15 and in accordance with the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Consumer Rights Protection Law” and Price Law, platform operators and businesses are prohibited from using data, algorithms, or platform rules to set differe..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Network Security Standards Practice Guide on Database Network Security Requirements (TC260-PG-202517A)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e0506fe23d42474eb42c2b6c396a8230", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the public consultation on the Network Security Standards Practice Guide on Database Network Security Requirements (TC260-PG-202517A), which had been open since 18 December 2025. The Practice Guide covers authentication, access control, encryption, boundary protection, secure transmission, and audit logging, and organisational controls for database operations, personnel management, outsourcing governance,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260数据库网络安全标准实践指南", "description_zh": "On 1 January 2026, the 全国网安标委 closes the public consultation on the Network Security Standards Practice Guide on Database Network Security Requirements (全国网安标委-PG-202517A), which had been open since 18 December 2025. The Practice Guide covers authentication, access control, encryption, boundary protection, secure transmission, and audit logging, and organisational controls for database operations, personnel management, outsourcing governance,..." }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Notice on Regulating the Behaviour of Internet Celebrity Accounts", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/26/c_1768474094737119.htm", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Secretariat of the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) issued the Notice on Regulating the Behaviour Internet Celebrity Accounts. The Notice includes the List of Negative Behaviours of Internet Celebrity Accounts to regulate the conduct of influential users. Under the requirements, websites and platforms must update community rules and user agreements to align with the negative list. The list identifies 13 prohibited categories, including the dissemination of vul...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《规范网红账号行为通知》", "description_zh": "On 25 December 2025, the Secretariat of the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) issued the Notice on Regulating the Behaviour Internet Celebrity Accounts. The Notice includes the List of Negative Behaviours of Internet Celebrity Accounts to regulate the conduct of influential users. Under the requirements, websites and platforms must update community rules and user agreements to align with the negative list. The list identifies 13 prohibited categories, including the dissemination of vul..." }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "List of of professional certification bodies for personal information cross-border transfer certification", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/30/c_1768735664909127.htm", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China released a list of three professional institutions that have completed the filing process to become professional certification bodies for personal information cross-border transfer certification. The institutions are the China Cybersecurity Review Certification and Market Regulation Big Data Center, the Data and Technology Support Center of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, and Beijing Saixi Certification Co., Ltd. The filin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息跨境认证机构名单", "description_zh": "On 30 December 2025, the 国家网信办 of 中国 released a list of three professional institutions that have completed the filing process to become professional certification bodies for 个人信息 cross-border transfer certification. The institutions are the 中国 Cybersecurity Review Certification and Market Regulation Big Data Center, the Data and Technology Support Center of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, and Beijing Saixi Certification Co., Ltd. The filin..." }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Internet Application Personal Information Collection and Use Regulations", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/10/c_1769603446094128.htm", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the State Internet Information Office closes the consultation on the Internet Application Personal Information Collection and Use Regulations including cybersecurity regulation. The Regulations apply to internet applications and mandate technical and management safeguards to ensure data security. Article 4 assigns primary responsibility for security protection to application operators and developers. Article 16 requires operators to take specific technical measures to prot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《互联网应用个人信息收集使用规定》网络安全规定", "description_zh": "On 9 February 2026, the State Internet Information Office closes the consultation on the Internet Application Personal Information Collection and Use Regulations including 网络安全 regulation. The Regulations apply to internet applications and mandate technical and management safeguards to ensure 数据安全. Article 4 assigns primary responsibility for security protection to application operators and developers. Article 16 requires operators to take specific technical measures to prot..." }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Revised cybersecurity early warning guide (GB/T 32924-2016 revision)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=473E899C777C31E7E06397BE0A0A028C", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) issued draft plan 20257057-T-469 for the revision of the Cybersecurity early warning guide (GB/T 32924-2016). The aim of the policy is to establish updated guidelines for cybersecurity early warning technology. The project working group is directed to formulate an implementation plan, coordinate with relevant parties, and solicit broad opinions to ensure technical accuracy and standard quality, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《网络安全预警指南》", "description_zh": "On 31 December 2025, the National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) issued draft plan 20257057-T-469 for the revision of the Cybersecurity early warning guide (GB/T 32924-2016). The aim of the policy is to establish updated guidelines for 网络安全 early warning technology. The project working group is directed to formulate an implementation plan, coordinate with relevant parties, and solicit broad opinions to ensure technical accuracy and standard quality, ..." }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Revised security specification for Integrated Circuit card embedded software with Central Processing Unit (GB/T 20276-2016 revision)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=473EA9D19D573D1CE06397BE0A0AE50C", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the National National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) published a draft plan for the revision of the security specification for Integrated Circuit card embedded software with Central Processing Unit. The National Technical Committee on Network Security Standardisation (TC260) holds jurisdiction over the national standard, which revises the previous GB/T 20276-2016. The project working group is directed to formulate an implementation plan, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《IC卡嵌入式软件安全规范》", "description_zh": "On 31 December 2025, the National National Information Security Standardisation Technical Committee (全国网安标委) published a draft plan for the revision of the security specification for Integrated Circuit card embedded software with Central Processing Unit. The National Technical Committee on Network Security Standardisation (全国网安标委) holds jurisdiction over the national standard, which revises the previous GB/T 20276-2016. The project working group is directed to formulate an implementation plan, ..." }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee revised Data Security Technology - Data Security Capability Maturity Model (Plan No. 20257066-T-469)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=473EA9D19D5F3D1CE06397BE0A0AE50C", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (TC260) issued the recommended national standard Plan No. 20257066-T-469 to revise the standard Data Security Technology - Data Security Capability Maturity Model (GB/T 37988-2019). The standard is classified under the safety category with International Standard Classification 35.030 and has a project cycle of 16 months, during which it will proceed through opinion solicitation, review, approval, and re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网安标委修订数据安全能力成熟度模型", "description_zh": "On 31 December 2025, the National Information Security Standardization Technical Committee (全国网安标委) issued the recommended national standard Plan No. 20257066-T-469 to revise the standard Data Security Technology - Data Security Capability Maturity Model (GB/T 37988-2019). The standard is classified under the safety category with International Standard Classification 35.030 and has a project cycle of 16 months, during which it will proceed through opinion solicitation, review, approval, and re..." }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Cyberspace Administration investigation into automotive industry online accounts over alleged illegal and unethical content", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/16/c_1770293546455910.htm", "description": "On 16 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced the results of an investigation into the automotive industry's digital sector, conducted alongside the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). The operation targeted accounts on platforms like Weibo and Douyin involved in inciting group conflict, spreading defamatory content, and conducting unethical reviews. The CAC handled accounts such as Omnipotent Bear and Blood Banners for publishing information t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办整治汽车行业违规内容", "description_zh": "On 16 January 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) announced the results of an investigation into the automotive industry's digital sector, conducted alongside the 工业和信息化部 (MIIT). The operation targeted accounts on platforms like Weibo and Douyin involved in inciting group conflict, spreading defamatory content, and conducting unethical reviews. The CAC handled accounts such as Omnipotent Bear and Blood Banners for publishing information t..." }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Standard practice guide on AI application security guidelines for broadcasting and network audiovisual services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e58c0ee56a5a47ebaf6b5404e8611f65", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on the cybersecurity standard practice guide-artificial intelligence (AI) application security guidelines for broadcasting and network audiovisual services. The draft sets out basic security requirements and application-scenario-specific security guidance and covers planning and creation, production and broadcasting, transmission and coverage, and integration and distribution. The docume...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260广播电视网络安全AI应用安全指南", "description_zh": "On 27 January 2026, the 全国网安标委 closes the consultation on the 网络安全 standard practice guide-artificial intelligence (人工智能) application security guidelines for broadcasting and network audiovisual services. The draft sets out basic security requirements and application-scenario-specific security guidance and covers planning and creation, production and broadcasting, transmission and coverage, and integration and distribution. The docume..." }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Standard practice guide on security guidelines for artificial intelligence training data cleansing", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e58c0ee56a5a47ebaf6b5404e8611f65", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on the cybersecurity standard practice guide-security guidelines for artificial intelligence training data cleansing. The draft sets out security principles, risk identification dimensions, cleansing methods, and implementation processes for artificial intelligence training data cleansing activities. It applies to entities conducting training data cleansing, including artificial intellig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260AI训练数据清洗安全指南", "description_zh": "On 27 January 2026, the 全国网安标委 closes the consultation on the 网络安全 standard practice guide-security guidelines for artificial intelligence training data cleansing. The draft sets out security principles, risk identification dimensions, cleansing methods, and implementation processes for artificial intelligence training data cleansing activities. It applies to entities conducting training data cleansing, including artificial intellig..." }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Shanghai Cyberspace Administration batch of typical data protection enforcement cases in 2025", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/csj/sh/202601/t20260116_1302534.shtml", "description": "On 16 January 2026, the Shanghai Municipal Cyberspace Administration published a batch of typical data protection enforcement cases, including several cases on cybersecurity. The first firm, a logistics and transportation network technology company, inadvertently exposed a database containing sensitive personal information via an open port. Further investigation revealed that the information lacked access control and encryption, and that the company had not conducted a security assessment. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海市网信办典型数据保护案例中的网络安全规定", "description_zh": "On 16 January 2026, the Shanghai Municipal 国家网信办 published a batch of typical data protection enforcement cases, including several cases on 网络安全. The first firm, a logistics and transportation network technology company, inadvertently exposed a database containing sensitive 个人信息 via an open port. Further investigation revealed that the information lacked access control and encryption, and that the company had not conducted a security assessment. Th..." }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Notice on regulating publication of recruitment information on online platforms", "url": "https://www.mohrss.gov.cn/xxgk2020/fdzdgknr/zcfg/gfxwj/jy/202601/t20260113_565366.html", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Financial Regulatory Commission jointly implemented the Notice on regulating publication of recruitment information on online platforms. The Notice requires online platforms to standardise the format of recruitment information and ensure that published recruitment information is tru...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《规范网络招聘平台信息发布通知》内容审核规定", "description_zh": "On 25 December 2025, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the 国家网信办 of 中国, the 工业和信息化部, the 公安部, and the State Financial Regulatory Commission jointly implemented the Notice on regulating publication of recruitment information on 网络平台s. The Notice requires 网络平台s to standardise the format of recruitment information and ensure that published recruitment information is tru..." }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Guide on cross-border data security management", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/30/c_1771505108953002.htm", "description": "On 30 January 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published a representative series of questions and responses regarding the implementation of cross-border data export security management policies. The guidance clarifies the coordination between the Cybersecurity Law, the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL), and various measures governing data export security assessments, standard contracts, and certification. For data processors not classified as critical information in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "跨境数据安全管理问答指引", "description_zh": "On 30 January 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) published a representative series of questions and responses regarding the implementation of 跨境数据 export security management policies. The guidance clarifies the coordination between the Cybersecurity Law, the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL), and various measures governing data export security assessments, standard contracts, and certification. For data processors not classified as critical information in..." }, { "date": "31 January 2026", "title": "Xinxiang Municipal Market Supervision Bureau investigation into Jiayou Network Technology over alleged disruption of platform review algorithm", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_55e7dd8d2a9e46fa8378cb98b95f31e1.html", "description": "On 31 January 2026, the State Administration for Market Regulation published a batch of 8 typical cases of unfair online competition, including one case in which the Xinxiang Municipal Market Supervision Bureau fined Xinxiang Hongqi District Jiayou Network Technology Co., Ltd. RMB 100'500 for developing and selling software that disrupted the normal operations of online platforms. The bureau ordered the company to cease its activities and imposed a fine of RMB 100'500. The investigation conce...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新乡市监局查处干扰平台算法案", "description_zh": "On 31 January 2026, the 市场监管总局 published a batch of 8 typical cases of unfair online competition, including one case in which the Xinxiang Municipal Market Supervision Bureau fined Xinxiang Hongqi District Jiayou Network Technology Co., Ltd. RMB 100'500 for developing and selling software that disrupted the normal operations of 网络平台s. The bureau ordered the company to cease its activities and imposed a fine of RMB 100'500. The investigation conce..." }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "List of Prohibited Algorithmic Practices for Lifestyle Service Platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-02/03/c_1771849991761501.htm?mc_cid=168b374d4b&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) held a meeting to advance the trial implementation of the Negative List of Algorithms for Lifestyle Service Platforms. Lifestyle service platforms include e-commerce, mobile payment, messaging, and other related services. The list, developed in coordination with several government departments, sets out rules for algorithms that play central roles in benefit distribution within platform ecosystems. The CAC highlighted issues rela...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生活服务平台禁止算法清单", "description_zh": "On 3 February 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) held a meeting to advance the trial implementation of the Negative List of Algorithms for Lifestyle Service Platforms. Lifestyle service platforms include e-commerce, mobile payment, messaging, and other related services. The list, developed in coordination with several government departments, sets out rules for algorithms that play central roles in benefit distribution within platform ecosystems. The CAC highlighted issues rela..." }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Cyberspace Administration implementation opinions on improving convenience of digital services for inbound personnel", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-02/05/c_1772021797529524.htm", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China issued the Implementation Opinions on Enhancing the Convenience of Digital Services for Inbound Foreign Nationals. The opinions call for data classification and tiered protection, as well as full-lifecycle management of data collection, storage, and use, aimed at reducing risks related to sensitive information such as identity documents and health records. The document also encourages accommodation operators and online travel platform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办便利入境人员数字服务意见数据保护规定", "description_zh": "On 5 February 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国 issued the Implementation Opinions on Enhancing the Convenience of Digital Services for Inbound Foreign Nationals. The opinions call for data classification and tiered protection, as well as full-lifecycle management of data collection, storage, and use, aimed at reducing risks related to sensitive information such as identity documents and health records. The document also encourages accommodation operators and online travel platform..." }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Guide on cybersecurity standards-technical requirements for network data labelling", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/8decf5f653ed4fe8a6beedb73452421b", "description": "On 4 February 2026, the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee Secretariat (TC260) adopted the practice guide to cybersecurity standards-technical requirements for network data labelling to assist network data processors in improving security management. The document establishes technical specifications for network data identification, including terminology, attribute formats, generation rules, and log retention requirements. It aims to facilitate the protection of impo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络数据标签技术要求", "description_zh": "On 4 February 2026, the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee Secretariat (全国网安标委) adopted the practice guide to 网络安全 standards-technical requirements for network data labelling to assist network data processors in improving security management. The document establishes technical specifications for network data identification, including terminology, attribute formats, generation rules, and log retention requirements. It aims to facilitate the protection of impo..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "National standard for technical requirements for data security of anonymous identifiers in smart terminals", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2026/art_8ae48605d7cb4832bb9caa0307f07c0e.html", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology closes the public consultation on a proposal for a national standard for technical requirements for data security of anonymous identifiers in smart terminals. The proposed standard would establish functional and security requirements for the generation of anonymous identifiers used in smart terminals, as well as for applications and software development kits that collect or use such anonymous identifiers. The standard is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "智能终端匿名标识符数据安全技术要求", "description_zh": "On 13 February 2026, the 工业和信息化部 closes the public consultation on a proposal for a national standard for technical requirements for 数据安全 of anonymous identifiers in smart terminals. The proposed standard would establish functional and security requirements for the generation of anonymous identifiers used in smart terminals, as well as for applications and software development kits that collect or use such anonymous identifiers. The standard is..." }, { "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China and National Healthcare Security Administration investigation into social media accounts over dissemination of false information regarding centralised medicine procurement", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-02/05/c_1772021775868596.htm", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China, together with the National Healthcare Security Administration, announced enforcement measures concerning a number of social media accounts that had published information related to the centralised procurement of medicines and medical consumables. The authorities stated that certain accounts on platforms including Xiaohongshu, Douyin, and Weibo had shared information that they assessed as inaccurate or misleading with respect to the q...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办医保局整治集采谣言", "description_zh": "On 5 February 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国, together with the National Healthcare Security Administration, announced enforcement measures concerning a number of social media accounts that had published information related to the centralised procurement of medicines and medical consumables. The authorities stated that certain accounts on platforms including Xiaohongshu, Douyin, and Weibo had shared information that they assessed as inaccurate or misleading with respect to the q..." }, { "title": "Guide on Requirements for Prevention and Handling of New Types of Corruption on Internet Platforms (TC260-PG-20263A)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/c2b7955a67e542cdbcb7714e4735a35a", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) released the cybersecurity standards practice guide on requirements for the prevention and handling of new types of corruption on internet platforms (TC260-PG-20263A). The guide specifies basic requirements, daily prevention requirements, and handling requirements for the prevention and handling of new-type corruption by internet platform personnel. The guide covers traffic manipulat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TC260网络平台新型腐败防治指南", "description_zh": "On 10 February 2026, the Secretariat of the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) released the 网络安全 standards practice guide on requirements for the prevention and handling of new types of corruption on internet platforms (全国网安标委-PG-20263A). The guide specifies basic requirements, daily prevention requirements, and handling requirements for the prevention and handling of new-type corruption by internet platform personnel. The guide covers traffic manipulat..." }, { "title": "Standard on capability requirements for personal information protection compliance audit institutions", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/3bb57023c00a464faf4c2f7b9a5524c7", "description": "On 12 April 2026, the Secretariat of the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC 260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard Data Security Technology — Capability Requirements for Professional Institutions Specialised in Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit. The draft standard establishes capability requirements for professional institutions conducting personal information protection compliance audits across five domains: basic conditi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人信息保护合规审计机构能力要求", "description_zh": "On 12 April 2026, the Secretariat of the 全国网安标委 (TC 260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard Data Security Technology — Capability Requirements for Professional Institutions Specialised in Personal Information Protection Compliance Audit. The draft standard establishes capability requirements for professional institutions conducting 个人信息 protection compliance audits across five domains: basic conditi..." }, { "title": "Standard for cybersecurity technology methods for visual representation of cyberspace security", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/7d19abc256c8436abbc38cce543b19fa", "description": "On 12 April 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard Cybersecurity Technology — Methods for Visual Representation of Cyberspace Security. The draft sets out principles, content, and methods for the visual representation of cyberspace security and establishes a framework covering cyberspace elements, cyberspace relationships, cybersecurity incidents, and cybersecurity operations. The standard woul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260网络空间安全可视化方法", "description_zh": "On 12 April 2026, the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) closes the public consultation on the draft national standard Cybersecurity Technology — Methods for Visual Representation of Cyberspace Security. The draft sets out principles, content, and methods for the visual representation of cyberspace security and establishes a framework covering cyberspace elements, cyberspace relationships, 网络安全 incidents, and 网络安全 operations. The standard woul..." }, { "title": "Revised Cybersecurity Trusted Computing Specification Trusted Support Platform for Server (GB/T 36639)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/suggestion-detail/cdae0595b283401da15f01e5f906edc4", "description": "On 12 April 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee (TC260) closes the public consultation, which had been open since 11 February 2026, on the draft revised national standard GB/T 36639, titled Cybersecurity — Trusted Computing Specification — Trusted Support Platform for Server. The draft revises GB/T 36639-2018 and introduces updated provisions covering the trusted support platform for server, physical root of trust, virtual root of trust, virtual trusted compon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订可信计算支持平台规范", "description_zh": "On 12 April 2026, the 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) closes the public consultation, which had been open since 11 February 2026, on the draft revised national standard GB/T 36639, titled Cybersecurity — Trusted Computing Specification — Trusted Support Platform for Server. The draft revises GB/T 36639-2018 and introduces updated provisions covering the trusted support platform for server, physical root of trust, virtual root of trust, virtual trusted compon..." }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Guideline on cybersecurity requirements for consumer-type connected cameras with cybersecurity identification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/adddb0286f874a5fb6de5b1c39cb1ad3", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee closes the consultation on a guideline for cybersecurity requirements for consumer-type connected cameras with cybersecurity identification. The guideline applies to manufacturers and developers of consumer connected cameras used by individuals and households. It outlines cybersecurity capability requirements across five areas: physical and hardware security, system and software security, network and communicatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TC260消费级联网摄像头安全要求", "description_zh": "On 17 March 2026, the 全国网安标委 closes the consultation on a guideline for 网络安全 requirements for consumer-type connected cameras with 网络安全 identification. The guideline applies to manufacturers and developers of consumer connected cameras used by individuals and households. It outlines 网络安全 capability requirements across five areas: physical and hardware security, system and software security, network and communicatio..." }, { "title": "Advisory on OpenClaw's security risks including system vulnerabilities and data exposure concerns", "url": "https://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/11/2026/20260312144519429724511/20260312144519429724511_.html", "description": "On 12 March 2026, the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Centre of China (CNCERT/CC) issued an advisory on OpenClaw, highlighting that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) agent software operates with high-level system privileges and has weak default security configurations that may allow attackers to gain full system control. The advisory applies to organisations and users, particularly in sensitive sectors including finance and energy, and identifies risks ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OpenClaw安全风险通报", "description_zh": "On 12 March 2026, the National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Centre of 中国 (国家互联网应急中心/CC) issued an advisory on OpenClaw, highlighting that the 人工智能 (人工智能) agent software operates with high-level system privileges and has weak default security configurations that may allow attackers to gain full system control. The advisory applies to organisations and users, particularly in sensitive sectors including finance and energy, and identifies risks ..." }, { "date": "21 March 2026", "title": "Standardisation of short video content labelling", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-03/21/c_1775746586601999.htm", "description": "On 21 March 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) announced plans to guide websites and platforms in standardising the labelling of short video content. The announcement outlines three measures, the standardisation of tags used for such content, including clarification of the categories to be applied, the introduction of content labelling as a mandatory step when posting short videos, and the phased review of existing content, including supplementary labelling. The CAC stated tha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "短视频内容标识标准化", "description_zh": "On 21 March 2026, the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) announced plans to guide websites and platforms in standardising the labelling of 短视频 content. The announcement outlines three measures, the standardisation of tags used for such content, including clarification of the categories to be applied, the introduction of content labelling as a mandatory step when posting 短视频s, and the phased review of existing content, including supplementary labelling. The CAC stated tha..." }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "World Data Organisation for global data governance", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/zyxw/202603/t20260330_11883769.shtml", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the World Data Organisation (WDO) was established in Beijing as an international organisation focused on data development and governance practices. The WDO aims to promote alignment across national data policies, develop industry standards and recommendations, and reduce compliance costs for multinational enterprises. Its activities include addressing cross-border data flows, supporting data use in sectors such as healthcare and education, and providing technical assistance ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界数据组织成立", "description_zh": "On 30 March 2026, the World Data Organisation (WDO) was established in Beijing as an international organisation focused on data development and governance practices. The WDO aims to promote alignment across national data policies, develop industry standards and recommendations, and reduce compliance costs for multinational enterprises. Its activities include addressing 跨境数据 flows, supporting data use in sectors such as healthcare and education, and providing technical assistance ..." }, { "title": "Simplified measures for protection of personal information for small personal information processors", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/03/c_1776865011603509.htm", "description": "On 3 May 2026, the Cyberspace Administration closes the consultation on simplified measures for the protection of personal information for small personal information processors. The measures apply to any entity in China that processes the personal information of fewer than 1’00’000 individuals. The measures introduce streamlined compliance obligations across several areas, including a requirement to publish personal information processing rules disclosing the processor's identity, contact det...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小规模个人信息处理者简化保护措施", "description_zh": "On 3 May 2026, the 国家网信办 closes the consultation on simplified measures for the protection of 个人信息 for small 个人信息 processors. The measures apply to any entity in 中国 that processes the 个人信息 of fewer than 1’00’000 individuals. The measures introduce streamlined compliance obligations across several areas, including a requirement to publish 个人信息 processing rules disclosing the processor's identity, contact det..." }, { "date": "4 November 2023", "title": "Regulations on the Management of Internet Information Services for Generative AI (Draft)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-04/11/c_1686572350856988.htm", "description": "Draft regulations for generative AI services published for public comment by CAC", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《生成式AI服务管理暂行办法（草案）》", "description_zh": "Draft regulations for generative 人工智能 services published for public comment by CAC" }, { "date": "6 January 2017", "title": "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/guoqing/2021-10/29/content_5627628.htm", "description": "China's foundational cybersecurity law establishing data security and AI-related obligations", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中华人民共和国网络安全法》", "description_zh": "中国's foundational 网络安全 law establishing 数据安全 and 人工智能-related obligations" }, { "title": "美国斯坦福大学发布《2026年AI指数报告》", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/202604/t20260417_244174.html", "description": "报告指出，生成式AI在3年内达到了全球53%的人口使用率，普及速度快于个人电脑和互联网。然而，AI能力的进步并非均衡发展。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国斯坦福大学发布《2026年AI指数报告》", "description_zh": "报告指出，生成式人工智能在3年内达到了全球53%的人口使用率，普及速度快于个人电脑和互联网。然而，人工智能能力的进步并非均衡发展。" }, { "title": "人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法_中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558395078289.htm", "description": "第六条 国家支持算法、框架、芯片等技术的自主创新，推进拟人化互动服务技术研发和相关标准建设，探索开展电子签名授权应用研究。鼓励拟人化互动服务提供者有序拓展文化传播、适幼照护、适老陪伴、特殊人群支持等领域应用。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法_中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室", "description_zh": "第六条 国家支持算法、框架、芯片等技术的自主创新，推进拟人化互动服务技术研发和相关标准建设，探索开展电子签名授权应用研究。鼓励拟人化互动服务提供者有序拓展文化传播、适幼照护、适老陪伴、特殊人群支持等领域应用。" }, { "title": "人工智能赋能科学研究提速_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.digitalchina.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202603/t20260327_5301637.htm", "description": "据介绍，作为专为科学领域定制的多模态大模型，Innovator-VL实现了跨尺度、跨学科的全场景科学理解能力。从微观世界的分子式、晶体结构、冷冻电镜图像，到宏观宇宙的天文光变曲线、遥感影像，再到数理逻辑领域的复杂公式、算法流程图，模型均能实现深度解析与逻辑推理。在实测案例中，面对天文学核心的天体光变曲线分析任务，通过光变曲线特征、波段演化规律完成严谨的逻辑推导，模型精准识别Ia型超新星的光变特征；在有机化学场景中，模型识别反应物结构、拆解官能团特性、匹配反应类型和选项，辅助化学领域推理。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能赋能科学研究提速_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "据介绍，作为专为科学领域定制的多模态大模型，Innovator-VL实现了跨尺度、跨学科的全场景科学理解能力。从微观世界的分子式、晶体结构、冷冻电镜图像，到宏观宇宙的天文光变曲线、遥感影像，再到数理逻辑领域的复杂公式、算法流程图，模型均能实现深度解析与逻辑推理。在实测案例中，面对天文学核心的天体光变曲线分析任务，通过光变曲线特征、波段演化规律完成严谨的逻辑推导，模型精准识别Ia型超新星的光变特征；在有机化学场景中，模型识别反应物结构、拆解官能团特性、匹配反应类型和选项，辅助化学领域推理。" }, { "title": "我国人工智能迈向系统性突破_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202603/t20260326_5300617.htm", "description": "算力设施不断完善。算力是支撑大模型训练与推理的基础资源。随着国产芯片在部分场景实现规模化应用，以及智能算力占比的持续攀升，赛迪研究院预测2026年我国智能算力占将突破35％，中国AI产业正在摆脱对单一算力路径的依赖。更加自主、多元且成本可控的算力供给体系，使大规模、高频率的Token调用具备了物理基础，为日均突破140万亿Token的调用量提供了稳定的底层支撑。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我国人工智能迈向系统性突破_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "算力设施不断完善。算力是支撑大模型训练与推理的基础资源。随着国产芯片在部分场景实现规模化应用，以及智能算力占比的持续攀升，赛迪研究院预测2026年我国智能算力占将突破35％，中国人工智能产业正在摆脱对单一算力路径的依赖。更加自主、多元且成本可控的算力供给体系，使大规模、高频率的Token调用具备了物理基础，为日均突破140万亿Token的调用量提供了稳定的底层支撑。" }, { "title": "中关村论坛抢先看丨智能经济打开发展新空间，看AI如何重构产业价值与创新生态_公告提示_首都之窗_北京市人民政府门户网站", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/fuwu/lqfw/gggs/202603/t20260323_4563731.html", "description": "聚焦人工智能从技术突破向产业落地加速迈进的时代议题，2026中关村论坛年会将通过多场人工智能领域平行论坛及配套活动，围绕AI赋能千行百业的多元路径展开深度探讨，具体包括智赋生命健康·AI引领未来论坛、中关村围炉夜话暨帆书《作者光临》特别节目——樊登对话凯文·凯利：深度解读《失控》、AI开源前沿论坛、超高清视听科技创新发展论坛、AI+创新应用大会、“北京范儿”短视频大赛“科创力量”单元启动仪式、通用人工智能论坛等。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中关村论坛抢先看丨智能经济打开发展新空间，看AI如何重构产业价值与创新生态_公告提示_首都之窗_北京市人民政府门户网站", "description_zh": "聚焦人工智能从技术突破向产业落地加速迈进的时代议题，2026中关村论坛年会将通过多场人工智能领域平行论坛及配套活动，围绕人工智能赋能千行百业的多元路径展开深度探讨，具体包括智赋生命健康·人工智能引领未来论坛、中关村围炉夜话暨帆书《作者光临》特别节目——樊登对话凯文·凯利：深度解读《失控》、人工智能开源前沿论坛、超高清视听科技创新发展论坛、人工智能+创新应用大会、“北京范儿”短视频大赛“科创力量”单元启动仪式、通用人工智能论坛等。" }, { "title": "“推动人工智能发展与创新的关键力量”（外媒看中国） ——国际媒体积极评价中国人工智能产业蓬勃发展", "url": "https://de.china-embassy.gov.cn/dgrkzg/202604/t20260413_11890821.htm", "description": "“十五五”规划纲要明确提出全面实施“人工智能＋”行动，全方位赋能千行百业。今年的《政府工作报告》进一步强调“深化拓展‘人工智能＋’”“支持人工智能开源社区建设”“深化数据资源开发利用”“完善人工...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“推动人工智能发展与创新的关键力量”（外媒看中国） ——国际媒体积极评价中国人工智能产业蓬勃发展", "description_zh": "“十五五”规划纲要明确提出全面实施“人工智能＋”行动，全方位赋能千行百业。今年的《政府工作报告》进一步强调“深化拓展‘人工智能＋’”“支持人工智能开源社区建设”“深化数据资源开发利用”“完善人工..." }, { "title": "人工智能发展既要“跑得快”也要“刹得住”_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202603/t20260327_5301624.htm", "description": "“以OpenClaw为代表的智能体应用，通过构建大模型与外部工具的深度连接，实现了任务的自主规划与连续执行，标志着智能体已成为大模型落地应用的新形态，迅速引爆全球市场，同时也带来了网络安全和数据安全隐患。”刘烈宏认为，只有推动AI与各行各业深度融合，才能将技术势能转化为发展势能。中国作为全世界唯一拥有全部工业门类的国家，数据资源丰富、产业体系完备、市场空间巨大，实施“人工智能+”行动，能让AI技术真正扎进产业土壤，", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能发展既要“跑得快”也要“刹得住”_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "“以OpenClaw为代表的智能体应用，通过构建大模型与外部工具的深度连接，实现了任务的自主规划与连续执行，标志着智能体已成为大模型落地应用的新形态，迅速引爆全球市场，同时也带来了网络安全和数据安全隐患。”刘烈宏认为，只有推动人工智能与各行各业深度融合，才能将技术势能转化为发展势能。中国作为全世界唯一拥有全部工业门类的国家，数据资源丰富、产业体系完备、市场空间巨大，实施“人工智能+”行动，能让人工智能技术真正扎进产业土壤，" }, { "title": "词元爆火：AI时代新计价标尺 重构信息通信业价值版图_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202604/t20260402_5304296.htm", "description": "全球词元市场格局已初步显现，中国模型占据主导地位。2026年2月，全球Top10模型词元消耗总量达8.7万亿，中国模型独占5.3万亿，市占率高达61％，Minimax、Kimi、智谱、DeepSeek占据全球前五席中的四席，纯海外用户占比超90％。国内市场则形成“模型厂商—算力平台—通信运营商”三方协同的生态格局。AI模型企业聚焦词元生产效率，通过算法优化降低单位词元成本；云计算厂商从“卖算力”转向“卖词元”，推出适配智能体场景的词元套餐；通信运营商凭借网络、算力、数据优势，加速布局词元经营，成为词元流通的关键枢纽。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "词元爆火：AI时代新计价标尺 重构信息通信业价值版图_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "全球词元市场格局已初步显现，中国模型占据主导地位。2026年2月，全球Top10模型词元消耗总量达8.7万亿，中国模型独占5.3万亿，市占率高达61％，Minimax、Kimi、智谱、DeepSeek占据全球前五席中的四席，纯海外用户占比超90％。国内市场则形成“模型厂商—算力平台—通信运营商”三方协同的生态格局。人工智能模型企业聚焦词元生产效率，通过算法优化降低单位词元成本；云计算厂商从“卖算力”转向“卖词元”，推出适配智能体场景的词元套餐；通信运营商凭借网络、算力、数据优势，加速布局词元经营，成为词元流通的关键枢纽。" }, { "title": "赋能制造业 人工智能带来“基因级”改变_中共西藏自治区委员会网络安全和信息化委员会办公室", "url": "https://wxb.xzdw.gov.cn/wlcb/cbgz/202604/t20260408_662103.html", "description": "当人工智能浪潮席卷全球，制造业正成为新的竞争高地。2026年全国两会，“打造智能经济新形态”首次写入政府工作报告，成为未来人工智能应用落地的重要方向。 · 记者近日在制造大省浙江多地采访了解到，人工智能正从实验室走向生产线，深度嵌入研发设计、生产制造和企业管理等环节，推动传统制造业发生深刻变化。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "赋能制造业 人工智能带来“基因级”改变_中共西藏自治区委员会网络安全和信息化委员会办公室", "description_zh": "当人工智能浪潮席卷全球，制造业正成为新的竞争高地。2026年全国两会，“打造智能经济新形态”首次写入政府工作报告，成为未来人工智能应用落地的重要方向。 · 记者近日在制造大省浙江多地采访了解到，人工智能正从实验室走向生产线，深度嵌入研发设计、生产制造和企业管理等环节，推动传统制造业发生深刻变化。" }, { "title": "多方加速打造智能经济新形态_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202603/t20260330_5302082.htm", "description": "3月29日，2026中关村论坛年会落下帷幕。今年政府工作报告首次提出“打造智能经济新形态”，在这场为期五天的科技盛会里，无论是人形机器人亮出各类拿手绝活，还是智能体、智能算力新产品新应用纷纷亮相，“智能经济”这一关键词贯穿年会全程，生动展现着人工智能的创新活力与加速走进现实的新气象。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多方加速打造智能经济新形态_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "3月29日，2026中关村论坛年会落下帷幕。今年政府工作报告首次提出“打造智能经济新形态”，在这场为期五天的科技盛会里，无论是人形机器人亮出各类拿手绝活，还是智能体、智能算力新产品新应用纷纷亮相，“智能经济”这一关键词贯穿年会全程，生动展现着人工智能的创新活力与加速走进现实的新气象。" }, { "title": "人工智能成为制造业“焕新”的“强劲增量”_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "url": "https://www.szzg.gov.cn/2026/xwzx/szkx/202603/t20260326_5300622.htm", "description": "国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会副主任苏波表示，我国将以新一代人工智能和制造业深度融合为主线，以智能制造系统创新为着力点和突破口，着力补齐工业智能底板技术短板，统筹推进先进探索及普及推广，全力打造...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能成为制造业“焕新”的“强劲增量”_数字快讯_数字中国建设峰会", "description_zh": "国家制造强国建设战略咨询委员会副主任苏波表示，我国将以新一代人工智能和制造业深度融合为主线，以智能制造系统创新为着力点和突破口，着力补齐工业智能底板技术短板，统筹推进先进探索及普及推广，全力打造..." }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "AI被“投毒”，如何避免上当受骗", "url": "https://kjj.wuhan.gov.cn/xwzx_8/kjspxw/202603/t20260320_2742695.html", "description": "央视“3·15”晚会揭露的AI（人工智能）“投毒”黑产，撕开了生成式AI商业化进程中的灰色地带。当用户对AI的信任度不断提升，将其视为获取客观信息的重要渠道时，一些GEO（生成式引擎优化）服务商却通过系统性投喂虚假信息，让AI沦为商家的“营销傀儡”。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI被“投毒”，如何避免上当受骗", "description_zh": "央视“3·15”晚会揭露的人工智能（人工智能）“投毒”黑产，撕开了生成式人工智能商业化进程中的灰色地带。当用户对人工智能的信任度不断提升，将其视为获取客观信息的重要渠道时，一些GEO（生成式引擎优化）服务商却通过系统性投喂虚假信息，让人工智能沦为商家的“营销傀儡”。" }, { "title": "AI赋能、绿色转型、全球布局……_南京要闻_中共南京市委 南京市人民政府", "url": "https://www.nanjing.gov.cn/njxx/202604/t20260413_5822067.html", "description": "在数智化发展领域，华泰证券依托AI的思维和技术进一步重塑前中后台，持续加强数据、模型、算力等方面的基础能力建设，并在对客服务、重点业务和中后台赋能等场景中落地多个人工智能应用，持续提升全球交易平台、FICC（固定收益，外汇及大宗商品）大象交易平台等重点业务平台全球一体化的科技能力，将长期构筑的科技赋能领先优势同步向境外延伸，加速业绩的提升。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI赋能、绿色转型、全球布局……_南京要闻_中共南京市委 南京市人民政府", "description_zh": "在数智化发展领域，华泰证券依托人工智能的思维和技术进一步重塑前中后台，持续加强数据、模型、算力等方面的基础能力建设，并在对客服务、重点业务和中后台赋能等场景中落地多个人工智能应用，持续提升全球交易平台、FICC（固定收益，外汇及大宗商品）大象交易平台等重点业务平台全球一体化的科技能力，将长期构筑的科技赋能领先优势同步向境外延伸，加速业绩的提升。" }, { "title": "国际科技创新中心", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/", "description": "京科转发〔2026〕55号 各有关单位： 为加快建成一批高质量概念验证平台，北京市科学技术委...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际科技创新中心", "description_zh": "京科转发〔2026〕55号 各有关单位： 为加快建成一批高质量概念验证平台，北京市科学技术委..." }, { "title": "【深化数据赋能人工智能发展，加快培育智能经济新形态——在中国发展高层论坛2026年年会上的演讲】-国家发展和改革委员会", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wld/wanghongzhi/zyhd/202603/t20260325_1404350.html", "description": "第二，人工智能加速演进，打造智能经济新业态。从去年春节DeepSeek开源模型出圈，机器人在春晚惊艳亮相，到今年春节Seedance2.0火爆全球，再到近期OpenClaw掀起“养龙虾”热潮——一个又一个热点，反映出人工智能发展的五个新的趋势：一是从对话到决策执行，智能体正驱动中大模型应用规模爆发式增长。以OpenClaw为代表的智能体应用，通过构建大模型与外部工具的深度连接，实现了任务的自主规划与连续执行，标志着智能体已成为大模型落地应用的新", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "【深化数据赋能人工智能发展，加快培育智能经济新形态——在中国发展高层论坛2026年年会上的演讲】-国家发展和改革委员会", "description_zh": "第二，人工智能加速演进，打造智能经济新业态。从去年春节DeepSeek开源模型出圈，机器人在春晚惊艳亮相，到今年春节Seedance2.0火爆全球，再到近期OpenClaw掀起“养龙虾”热潮——一个又一个热点，反映出人工智能发展的五个新的趋势：一是从对话到决策执行，智能体正驱动中大模型应用规模爆发式增长。以OpenClaw为代表的智能体应用，通过构建大模型与外部工具的深度连接，实现了任务的自主规划与连续执行，标志着智能体已成为大模型落地应用的新" }, { "title": "北京亦庄“黑科技”亮相2026中关村论坛年会_科技前沿_北京经济技术开发区", "url": "https://kfqgw.beijing.gov.cn/ywdt/kjcgzhgd/kjqy/202603/t20260327_4567740.html", "description": "实时视频流中的精彩片段精准提取。“企业展厅智能拍摄系统”研发了面向场景的智能评分算法，借助轻量化端侧大模型与深度学习，依据预设标准对目标对象全面评估，从海量素材中精准筛选出最具代表性、高质量片段。系统对优选片段与空镜素材进行智能合成，可配置多种模板满足多样需求。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北京亦庄“黑科技”亮相2026中关村论坛年会_科技前沿_北京经济技术开发区", "description_zh": "实时视频流中的精彩片段精准提取。“企业展厅智能拍摄系统”研发了面向场景的智能评分算法，借助轻量化端侧大模型与深度学习，依据预设标准对目标对象全面评估，从海量素材中精准筛选出最具代表性、高质量片段。系统对优选片段与空镜素材进行智能合成，可配置多种模板满足多样需求。" }, { "title": "多维度展现人工智能赋能科学研究特征和趋势", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/rgzn_kjrd/202603/t20260330_242344.html", "description": "当前，人工智能赋能科学研究（AI for Science）已成为全球主要科技强国重点布局的战略方向，更是推动基础研究原始创新、赋能新质生产力发展的核心引擎。在3月27日举办的2026中关村论坛年会“AI for Science青年论坛”上，由中国科学技术信息研究所联合多家机构编制的《AI for Science创新图谱2026》（以下简称《报告》）正式发布。《报告》以图谱可视化形式，从技术形态、学科场景、生态体系、国际格局等维度进行分析，展现了当前AI for Science阶段性发展特征和重要创新趋势。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多维度展现人工智能赋能科学研究特征和趋势", "description_zh": "当前，人工智能赋能科学研究（人工智能 for Science）已成为全球主要科技强国重点布局的战略方向，更是推动基础研究原始创新、赋能新质生产力发展的核心引擎。在3月27日举办的2026中关村论坛年会“人工智能 for Science青年论坛”上，由中国科学技术信息研究所联合多家机构编制的《人工智能 for Science创新图谱2026》（以下简称《报告》）正式发布。《报告》以图谱可视化形式，从技术形态、学科场景、生态体系、国际格局等维度进行分析，展现了当前人工智能 for Science阶段性发展特征和重要创新趋势。" }, { "title": "依靠AI视频技术实现“产能狂飙” 5人团队一周产出100分钟漫剧", "url": "https://kjj.wuhan.gov.cn/zzzq/zzzq_kjxw/202604/t20260408_2750348.shtml", "description": "国家层面引导有序发展，2026年被视为AI漫剧“合规元年”。国家明确自4月1日起，所有AI漫剧都需“持证上岗”，实行分类分层审核。 · 围绕打造AI视频产业高地，一场“城市竞赛”已然展开。北京发布“人工智能+视听”产业高质量发展行动方案；上海浦东对平台型项目最高补贴500万元；杭州西湖区启动全国AI漫剧大赛；郑州则凭借微短剧先发优势，打造“创作之都”。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "依靠AI视频技术实现“产能狂飙” 5人团队一周产出100分钟漫剧", "description_zh": "国家层面引导有序发展，2026年被视为人工智能漫剧“合规元年”。国家明确自4月1日起，所有人工智能漫剧都需“持证上岗”，实行分类分层审核。 · 围绕打造人工智能视频产业高地，一场“城市竞赛”已然展开。北京发布“人工智能+视听”产业高质量发展行动方案；上海浦东对平台型项目最高补贴500万元；杭州西湖区启动全国人工智能漫剧大赛；郑州则凭借微短剧先发优势，打造“创作之都”。" }, { "title": "AI如何加速成为新质生产力核心引擎", "url": "https://www.ncsti.gov.cn/kjdt/kjrd/rgzn_kjrd/202603/t20260325_241948.html", "description": "如何理解“十五五”规划对“人工智能+”的系统谋划，“人工智能+”如何加速成为新质生产力的核心引擎？这是即将举办的2026中关村论坛年会平行论坛“人工智能+产业”论坛的核心议题。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI如何加速成为新质生产力核心引擎", "description_zh": "如何理解“十五五”规划对“人工智能+”的系统谋划，“人工智能+”如何加速成为新质生产力的核心引擎？这是即将举办的2026中关村论坛年会平行论坛“人工智能+产业”论坛的核心议题。" }, { "date": "10 April 2026", "title": "Ministry of Education and four other departments issue 'AI+Education' Action Plan", "url": "http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A16/s3342/202604/t20260410_1433240.html", "description": "The Ministry of Education, jointly with the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and two other departments, has issued the 'AI+Education' Action Plan (教科信〔2026〕1号). The plan sets out a nationwide initiative to integrate AI across all educational stages — from primary through higher education — covering curriculum design, AI-assisted teaching tools, teacher training, and student AI literacy. It mandates the construction of dedicated educational AI computing infrastructure, the development of high-quality educational datasets, and the deployment of sector-specific large language models. The plan further establishes ethical and safety requirements for AI deployment in schools, prioritises equitable access across urban and rural regions, and integrates AI competency into teacher qualification standards.", "categories": [ "Education", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "五部门发布《人工智能+教育行动方案》", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Education, jointly with the 国家发展改革委, 工业和信息化部, and two other departments, has issued the '人工智能+Education' Action Plan (教科信〔2026〕1号). The plan sets out a nationwide initiative to integrate 人工智能 across all educational stages — from primary through higher education — covering curriculum design, 人工智能-assisted teaching tools, teacher training, and student 人工智能 literacy. It mandates the construction of dedicated educational 人工智能 computing infrastructure, the development of high-quality educational datasets, and the deployment of sector-specific large language models. The plan further establishes ethical and safety requirements for 人工智能 deployment in schools, prioritises equitable access across urban and rural regions, and integrates 人工智能 competency into teacher qualification standards." }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "2026 Government Work Report delivered at National People's Congress", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2026/issue_12646/202603/content_7064134.html", "description": "Premier Li Qiang delivered the 2026 Government Work Report at the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress. The report frames AI as central to China's next phase of economic development and calls for the creation of a new 'intelligent economy' through large-scale deployment of AI agents (智能体) and intelligent computing clusters (智算集群). It reaffirms the 'AI+' strategy launched in State Council Opinions Guofa [2025] No. 11 and sets out renewed commitments to integrate AI into manufacturing, healthcare, education, scientific research, and public administration. The report also stresses the scaling of national computing infrastructure, accelerated domestic development of AI chips, and continued engagement with China's proposed Global AI Governance framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026年政府工作报告", "description_zh": "Premier Li Qiang delivered the 2026 Government Work Report at the Fourth Session of the 14th 全国人大. The report frames 人工智能 as central to 中国's next phase of economic development and calls for the creation of a new 'intelligent economy' through large-scale deployment of 人工智能 agents (智能体) and intelligent computing clusters (智算集群). It reaffirms the '人工智能+' strategy launched in 国务院 Opinions Guofa [2025] No. 11 and sets out renewed commitments to integrate 人工智能 into manufacturing, healthcare, education, scientific research, and public administration. The report also stresses the scaling of national computing infrastructure, accelerated domestic development of 人工智能 chips, and continued engagement with 中国's proposed Global 人工智能 Governance framework." }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "MIIT issues Industrial Internet and AI Integration Empowerment Action Plan", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2026/art_c20260106_720911.html", "description": "The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has released the Industrial Internet and Artificial Intelligence Integration Empowerment Action Plan (工信厅信管〔2026〕76号). The plan focuses on fusing industrial internet infrastructure with AI model capabilities for industrial quality inspection, predictive maintenance, and production-line decision-making. It sets out measures to cultivate industrial 'intelligent agents' (工业智能体), accelerate the development of industry-specific large models, strengthen standardisation of industrial datasets, and deploy pilot projects in key manufacturing sectors. Designated priority scenarios include defect detection, equipment operations and maintenance, and supply-chain optimisation, with MIIT directing coordination with local industry authorities to drive implementation. An accompanying State Council gazette version is available at https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202601/content_7054192.htm.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部发布工业互联网AI融合赋能行动方案", "description_zh": "The 工业和信息化部 has released the Industrial Internet and 人工智能 Integration Empowerment Action Plan (工信厅信管〔2026〕76号). The plan focuses on fusing industrial internet infrastructure with 人工智能 model capabilities for industrial quality inspection, predictive maintenance, and production-line decision-making. It sets out measures to cultivate industrial 'intelligent agents' (工业智能体), accelerate the development of industry-specific large models, strengthen standardisation of industrial datasets, and deploy pilot projects in key manufacturing sectors. Designated priority scenarios include defect detection, equipment operations and maintenance, and supply-chain optimisation, with MIIT directing coordination with local industry authorities to drive implementation. An accompanying 国务院 gazette version is available at https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202601/content_7054192.htm." }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Eight departments jointly issue 'AI+Manufacturing' Implementation Opinions", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202601/content_7054201.htm", "description": "The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Cyberspace Administration of China, National Development and Reform Commission and five other departments have jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on the 'AI+Manufacturing' Special Action (工信部联科〔2025〕279号). The opinions set out 21 measures across seven areas — innovation foundations, application-driven empowerment, product breakthroughs, ecosystem building, security governance, international cooperation, and organisational safeguards. They call for the development of manufacturing-grade large models, the construction of smart factories and intelligent supply chains, and targeted support for AI integration into steel, chemicals, automotive, machinery, and electronics sectors. The opinions further require inter-agency coordination, guardrails against excessive industry competition, expanded use of industrial datasets, and monitoring systems for nationwide industrial AI adoption.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "八部门联合发布AI+制造实施意见", "description_zh": "The 工业和信息化部, 国家网信办 of 中国, 国家发展改革委 and five other departments have jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on the '人工智能+Manufacturing' Special Action (工信部联科〔2025〕279号). The opinions set out 21 measures across seven areas — innovation foundations, application-driven empowerment, product breakthroughs, ecosystem building, security governance, international cooperation, and organisational safeguards. They call for the development of manufacturing-grade large models, the construction of smart factories and intelligent supply chains, and targeted support for 人工智能 integration into steel, chemicals, automotive, machinery, and electronics sectors. The opinions further require inter-agency coordination, guardrails against excessive industry competition, expanded use of industrial datasets, and monitoring systems for nationwide industrial 人工智能 adoption." }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Five departments jointly issue Implementation Opinions on 'AI+Healthcare'", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202511/content_7047018.htm", "description": "The National Health Commission, National Healthcare Security Administration, and three other departments have jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting and Regulating the Application and Development of 'AI+Medical Health' (国卫医发〔2025〕32号). The document sets staged targets: by 2027, complete the construction of clinical-grade medical large models and establish standards for medical AI data governance and safety; by 2030, achieve full coverage of AI-assisted diagnostic capabilities at grassroots healthcare institutions. Core measures include building hospital-level computing power, standardising medical AI training data, and embedding AI tools into diagnosis, treatment recommendation, drug development, public-health surveillance, and hospital administration while preserving clinician oversight. The opinions also establish ethics and safety review mechanisms for medical AI and mandate patient consent and data protection requirements.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "五部门联合发布AI+医疗健康实施意见", "description_zh": "The National Health Commission, National Healthcare Security Administration, and three other departments have jointly issued the Implementation Opinions on Promoting and Regulating the Application and Development of '人工智能+Medical Health' (国卫医发〔2025〕32号). The document sets staged targets: by 2027, complete the construction of clinical-grade medical large models and establish standards for medical 人工智能 data governance and safety; by 2030, achieve full coverage of 人工智能-assisted diagnostic capabilities at grassroots healthcare institutions. Core measures include building hospital-level computing power, standardising medical 人工智能 training data, and embedding 人工智能 tools into diagnosis, treatment recommendation, drug development, public-health surveillance, and hospital administration while preserving clinician oversight. The opinions also establish ethics and safety review mechanisms for medical 人工智能 and mandate patient consent and data protection requirements." }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "2025 Government Work Report delivered at National People's Congress", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2025/issue_11946/202503/content_7015861.html", "description": "Premier Li Qiang delivered the 2025 Government Work Report at the Third Session of the 14th National People's Congress. The report marked a major expansion of China's AI policy agenda, formally launching the 'AI+' initiative to integrate AI across industries and public services. It committed to accelerating the layout of embodied AI (具身智能) and building a unified national computing network to distribute computational resources across the country's data centres. The report set the political direction for the subsequent State Council and ministry-level policy cascade — including the Guofa [2025] No. 11 Opinions on Deepening the 'AI+' Action — and positioned AI as a core component of China's 'new quality productive forces' strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025年政府工作报告", "description_zh": "Premier Li Qiang delivered the 2025 Government Work Report at the Third Session of the 14th 全国人大. The report marked a major expansion of 中国's 人工智能 policy agenda, formally launching the '人工智能+' initiative to integrate 人工智能 across industries and public services. It committed to accelerating the layout of embodied 人工智能 (具身智能) and building a unified national computing network to distribute computational resources across the country's data centres. The report set the political direction for the subsequent 国务院 and ministry-level policy cascade — including the Guofa [2025] No. 11 Opinions on Deepening the '人工智能+' Action — and positioned 人工智能 as a core component of 中国's 'new quality productive forces' strategy." }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "China - CAC Draft Rules on Interactive AI Services (Human-like AI)", "url": "https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/china-issues-draft-rules-on-interactive-604", "description": "China's Cyberspace Administration (CAC) published a draft of the Interim Measures on the Administration of Human-like Interactive Artificial Intelligence Services for public consultation. These rules target advanced conversational AI systems with human-like interaction capabilities, requiring compliance with content security, data security, and algorithm registration requirements.", "categories": [ "CAC", "Interactive AI", "Content Moderation", "Algorithm Registration" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办拟人化AI服务管理办法草案", "description_zh": "中国's 国家网信办 (CAC) published a draft of the Interim Measures on the Administration of Human-like Interactive 人工智能 Services for public consultation. These rules target advanced conversational 人工智能 systems with human-like interaction capabilities, requiring compliance with content security, 数据安全, and algorithm registration requirements." }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "China AI-Generated Content Labeling Measures (CAC)", "url": "https://www.geopolitechs.org/p/cac-tech-bureau-head-on-chinas-ai", "description": "The CAC's Yu Yonghe discussed China's AI-Generated Content Labeling Measures, a comprehensive framework to identify, trace, and regulate AI-generated content across its lifecycle. The measures require clear labeling of AI-generated text, images, audio, and video content.", "categories": [ "CAC", "Content Labeling", "AI-Generated Content" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网信办AI生成内容标识办法", "description_zh": "The CAC's Yu Yonghe discussed 中国's 人工智能-Generated Content Labeling Measures, a comprehensive framework to identify, trace, and regulate 人工智能-generated content across its lifecycle. The measures require clear labeling of 人工智能-generated text, images, audio, and video content." }, { "title": "China - Three Binding AI Regulations", "url": "https://www.legalithm.com/en/blog/ai-regulation-comparison-eu-us-uk-china-global", "description": "China's regulatory focus for AI is content-focused and state-controlled, with three binding regulations in place addressing generative AI services, algorithmic recommendations, and deep synthesis (deepfakes). China takes a separate approach from the EU, prioritizing content governance over risk-based classification.", "categories": [ "Content Governance", "Algorithmic Regulation", "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国三项绑定AI法规", "description_zh": "中国's regulatory focus for 人工智能 is content-focused and state-controlled, with three binding regulations in place addressing generative 人工智能 services, 算法推荐s, and 深度合成 (deepfakes). 中国 takes a separate approach from the EU, prioritizing content governance over risk-based classification." }, { "title": "China - Generative AI Services Regulation", "url": "https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/sector-insights/how", "description": "China's Interim Administrative Measures for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Generative AI Measures) remain in force, requiring providers to ensure content compliance with PRC law, conduct security assessments, and file algorithm registrations with the CAC.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "CAC", "Algorithm Registration" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式AI服务管理暂行办法", "description_zh": "中国's Interim Administrative Measures for Generative 人工智能 Services (Generative 人工智能 Measures) remain in force, requiring providers to ensure content compliance with PRC law, conduct security assessments, and file algorithm registrations with the CAC." }, { "title": "Guidance on Building the National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Standardization System", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-08/09/content_5533454.htm", "description": "AI law in China: Issued jointly by the National Standardization Administration Commission (via government notice) and four national-level departments, this guidance sets out a national framework and roadmap for constructing a comprehensive standardization system for the new generation of artificial intelligence in China. It defines strategic priorities, organizational arrangements, standard categories and implementation measures (including testbeds, evaluation platforms, and international cooperation) to accelerate coordinated standard-setting and promote safe and interoperable AI development within the Chinese market. (gov.cn)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新一代AI标准化体系建设指导意见", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Issued jointly by the National Standardization Administration Commission (via government notice) and four national-level departments, this guidance sets out a national framework and roadmap for constructing a comprehensive standardization system for the new generation of artificial intelligence in 中国. It defines strategic priorities, organizational arrangements, standard categories and implementation measures (including testbeds, evaluation platforms, and international cooperation) to accelerate coordinated standard-setting and promote safe and interoperable 人工智能 development within the Chinese market. (gov.cn)..." }, { "title": "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116.htm", "description": "AI law in China: The Cybersecurity Law (adopted 7 November 2016; effective 1 June 2017; amended 28 October 2025) establishes China’s primary legal framework for protecting network infrastructure, critical information infrastructure (CII), and network data. It imposes obligations on network operators regarding security protection, data handling (including localization for CII), incident reporting, real-name registration and cooperation with public security agencies, and sets penalties for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中华人民共和国网络安全法》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Cybersecurity Law (adopted 7 November 2016; effective 1 June 2017; amended 28 October 2025) establishes 中国’s primary legal framework for protecting network infrastructure, critical information infrastructure (CII), and network data. It imposes obligations on 网络运营者s regarding security protection, data handling (including localization for CII), incident reporting, real-name registration and cooperation with public security agencies, and sets penalties for non-compliance...." }, { "title": "《数字虚拟人信息服务管理办法（征求意见稿）》", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/", "description": "AI law in China: China's draft rules for digital virtual human services, issued by the CAC, aim to regulate AI-generated entities, protect user rights, and ensure responsible innovation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《数字虚拟人信息服务管理办法（征求意见稿）》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: 中国's draft rules for digital virtual human services, issued by the CAC, aim to regulate 人工智能-generated entities, protect user rights, and ensure responsible innovation...." }, { "title": "Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://en.npc.gov.cn.cdurl.cn/2021-06/10/c_689311.htm", "description": "AI law in China: The Data Security Law (DSL) establishes a national legal framework to regulate data processing, protect data security, and promote lawful data development and utilization in the People's Republic of China. The Law requires classification and graded protection of data, imposes obligations on processors (especially processors of "important data"), establishes national coordination and security review mechanisms, and sets administrative, civil and criminal liabilities for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中华人民共和国数据安全法》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Data Security Law (DSL) establishes a national legal framework to regulate data processing, protect 数据安全, and promote lawful data development and utilization in the People's Republic of 中国. The Law requires classification and graded protection of data, imposes obligations on processors (especially processors of "important data"), establishes national coordination and security review mechanisms, and sets administrative, civil and criminal liabilities for non-compliance...." }, { "title": "Governance Principles for the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence (Developing Responsible Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/201906/t20190617_147107.html", "description": "AI law in China: Issued on 17 June 2019 by the National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Governance Expert Committee under the Ministry of Science and Technology, these non‑binding Governance Principles set out eight high‑level principles (harmony; fairness; inclusion; privacy; safety; shared responsibility; openness; agile governance) to guide the development and governance of AI in China. The document is a principles‑based framework intended to inform policymakers, industry, researchers and other stakeholders about responsible AI development and lifecycle governance. (most.gov.cn)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新一代AI治理原则", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Issued on 17 June 2019 by the National New Generation 人工智能 Governance Expert Committee under the Ministry of Science and Technology, these non‑binding Governance Principles set out eight high‑level principles (harmony; fairness; inclusion; privacy; safety; shared responsibility; openness; agile governance) to guide the development and governance of 人工智能 in 中国. The document is a principles‑based framework intended to inform policymakers, industry, researchers and other stakeholders about responsible 人工智能 development and lifecycle governance. (most.gov.cn)..." }, { "title": "Guidance on the Construction of National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Open Innovation Platforms", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/xxgk/xinxifenlei/fdzdgknr/fgzc/zcjd/202106/t20210625_175388.html", "description": "AI law in China: Issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) on August 1, 2019, this guidance sets out principles, conditions, tasks and management arrangements for building national "new generation" AI open innovation platforms. It mandates an enterprise‑led, open‑and‑shared approach to platform construction, defines selection and evaluation mechanisms, and assigns MOST a central supervisory role....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新一代AI开放创新平台建设指导意见", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) on August 1, 2019, this guidance sets out principles, conditions, tasks and management arrangements for building national "new generation" 人工智能 open innovation platforms. It mandates an enterprise‑led, open‑and‑shared approach to platform construction, defines selection and evaluation mechanisms, and assigns MOST a central supervisory role...." }, { "title": "Notice of the State Council on Issuing the Development Plan for the New Generation of Artificial Intelligence (New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm", "description": "AI law in China: China's State Council issued the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan in July 2017 to guide national AI development through 2030. The Plan sets staged targets (2020, 2025, 2030), establishes governance and implementation arrangements (including an AI planning office in the Ministry of Science and Technology), and identifies priorities such as core theory, infrastructure, industry, talent, standards, ethics and security....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务院发布新一代AI发展规划", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: 中国's 国务院 issued the New Generation 人工智能 Development Plan in July 2017 to guide national 人工智能 development through 2030. The Plan sets staged targets (2020, 2025, 2030), establishes governance and implementation arrangements (including an 人工智能 planning office in the Ministry of Science and Technology), and identifies priorities such as core theory, infrastructure, industry, talent, standards, ethics and security...." }, { "title": "Provisions on the Administration of Algorithmic Recommendation in Internet Information Services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/04/c_1642894606364259.htm", "description": "AI law in China: Promulgated jointly by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) and the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) on 31 December 2021, these Provisions regulate algorithmic recommendation activities in internet information services. They set obligations on providers (transparency, user choice, content governance, safety assessment, record-keeping and filing for services with public-opinion impact) and establish enforcement powers, sanctions and a multi-agency supervisory framework....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Promulgated jointly by the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC), the 工业和信息化部 (MIIT), the 公安部 (MPS) and the 市场监管总局 (SAMR) on 31 December 2021, these Provisions regulate 算法推荐 activities in internet 信息服务s. They set obligations on providers (transparency, user choice, content governance, safety assessment, record-keeping and filing for services with public-opinion impact) and establish enforcement powers, sanctions and a multi-agency supervisory framework...." }, { "title": "Regulations on Network Data Security Management (网络数据安全管理条例)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2024/issue_11646/202410/content_6980863.html", "description": "AI law in China: The Regulations on Network Data Security Management set detailed administrative rules for the classification, protection, cross-border transfer, and lawful use of network data in China. Promulgated by the State Council (Decree No.790) on 24 September 2024 and effective 1 January 2025, the Regulation introduces obligations for network data processors, heightened duties for "large network platforms" and important-data processors, and procedures for incident reporting and supervision. (gov.cn)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络数据安全管理条例》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Regulations on Network Data Security Management set detailed administrative rules for the classification, protection, cross-border transfer, and lawful use of network data in 中国. Promulgated by the 国务院 (Decree No.790) on 24 September 2024 and effective 1 January 2025, the Regulation introduces obligations for network data processors, heightened duties for "large network platforms" and important-data processors, and procedures for incident reporting and supervision. (gov.cn)..." }, { "title": "Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (PIPL)", "url": "https://en.npc.gov.cn/", "description": "AI law in China: The Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) is China’s comprehensive national data protection statute, adopted on 20 August 2021 and effective 1 November 2021. It sets rules on lawful processing, sensitive personal information, cross-border transfers, data subject rights, processor obligations, enforcement mechanisms and penalties, and assigns lead regulatory responsibilities to Chinese cyberspace and sectoral authorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) is 中国’s comprehensive national data protection statute, adopted on 20 August 2021 and effective 1 November 2021. It sets rules on lawful processing, sensitive 个人信息, cross-border transfers, data subject rights, processor obligations, enforcement mechanisms and penalties, and assigns lead regulatory responsibilities to Chinese cyberspace and sectoral authorities...." }, { "title": "Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-based Information Services", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/xwdt/gxdt/sjdt/art/2022/art_466dfb964d6646f38234ca8aadc056b1.html", "description": "AI law in China: The Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-based Information Services (issued jointly by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security) set binding requirements for providers and technical supporters of ‘‘deep synthesis’’ (generative AI) services in China. They require identity verification, content review, visible labeling of synthetic content, training-data safeguards, security assessments for sensitive functions, recordkeeping and cooperation with regulators, and prohibit use for activities forbidden by law, including producing or spreading fake news or information that endangers national security or public interests....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis of Internet-based Information Services (issued jointly by the 国家网信办 of 中国, the 工业和信息化部 and the 公安部) set binding requirements for providers and technical supporters of ‘‘深度合成’’ (generative 人工智能) services in 中国. They require identity verification, content review, visible labeling of synthetic content, training-data safeguards, security assessments for sensitive functions, recordkeeping and cooperation with regulators, and prohibit use for activities forbidden by law, including producing or spreading fake news or information that endangers national security or public interests...." }, { "title": "Promoting the Development of the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry: Three‑Year Action Plan (2018–2020)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/wjfb/art/2020/art_08d153ee9e9d4676aa69d0aa12676ca1.html", "description": "AI law in China: Issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) in December 2017, this three‑year action plan (2018–2020) sets operational targets and implementation measures to accelerate industrialization and the large‑scale deployment of new‑generation artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across priority sectors. It identifies priority products and infrastructure, key technology gaps (chips, sensors, open platforms), targets for performance and scale, and measures for institutional support, talent development and standardization....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新一代AI产业发展三年行动计划", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Issued by the 工业和信息化部 (MIIT) in December 2017, this three‑year action plan (2018–2020) sets operational targets and implementation measures to accelerate industrialization and the large‑scale deployment of new‑generation artificial intelligence (人工智能) technologies across priority sectors. It identifies priority products and infrastructure, key technology gaps (chips, sensors, open platforms), targets for performance and scale, and measures for institutional support, talent development and standardization...." }, { "title": "Security Assessment Measures for Outbound Data Transfers (Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers)", "url": "https://www.aspd.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/ggflfw/202202/t20220224_82872561.html", "description": "AI law in China: The Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers ("Data Outbound Security Assessment Measures") issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) specify when and how data processors must assess the security of transferring important data and personal information abroad. The Measures set procedural requirements for self-assessment, provincial reporting, national assessment, mitigation, recordkeeping and continuous supervision to protect national security, public interest and personal rights while enabling lawful cross-border data flows....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《数据出境安全评估办法》", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Measures for the Security Assessment of Outbound Data Transfers ("Data Outbound Security Assessment Measures") issued by the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) specify when and how data processors must assess the security of transferring important data and 个人信息 abroad. The Measures set procedural requirements for self-assessment, provincial reporting, national assessment, mitigation, recordkeeping and continuous supervision to protect national security, public interest and personal rights while enabling lawful 跨境数据 flows...." }, { "title": "Interim Measures for the Administration of Generative AI Services (Generative AI Services Management Interim Measures)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2023/issue_10666/202308/content_6900864.html", "description": "AI law in China: Promulgated jointly by the Cyberspace Administration of China and six other ministries on July 10, 2023 (effective August 15, 2023), the Measures establish requirements for providers of generative AI services in China, covering lawful data use, personal information protection, content management, transparency, labeling of AI-generated content, risk assessments, and filing/record-keeping with authorities. The Measures apply to services that generate text, images, audio, video and other content for the public within China....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式AI服务管理暂行办法", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Promulgated jointly by the 国家网信办 of 中国 and six other ministries on July 10, 2023 (effective August 15, 2023), the Measures establish requirements for providers of generative 人工智能 services in 中国, covering lawful data use, 个人信息 protection, content management, transparency, labeling of 人工智能-generated content, risk assessments, and filing/record-keeping with authorities. The Measures apply to services that generate text, images, audio, video and other content for the public within 中国...." }, { "title": "Zhejiang Provincial People's Government Office's Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry", "url": "https://www.zhejiang.gov.cn/art/2023/12/7/art_1229676678_59048092.html", "description": "AI law in China: The Zhejiang Provincial People's Government Office's Guiding Opinions outline a strategy to accelerate AI industry development, aiming for Zhejiang to be a global AI hub by 2027....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "浙江省AI产业发展指导意见", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: The Zhejiang Provincial People's Government Office's Guiding Opinions outline a strategy to accelerate 人工智能 industry development, aiming for Zhejiang to be a global 人工智能 hub by 2027...." }, { "title": "Shanghai Regulations on Promoting the Development of AI Industry", "url": "https://www.sh.gov.cn/sh_jjxxh/20221001/f991f868d40d433b8a143899f816c21e.html", "description": "AI law in China: Shanghai's 2022 AI Regulations, China's first provincial AI law, aim to make the city a global AI hub by fostering innovation, infrastructure, and responsible development across sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上海市AI产业促进条例", "description_zh": "人工智能 law in 中国: Shanghai's 2022 人工智能 Regulations, 中国's first provincial 人工智能 law, aim to make the city a global 人工智能 hub by fostering innovation, infrastructure, and responsible development across sectors...." }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "China MIIT issues guidance on AI-generated content labeling requirements for online platforms", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn", "description": "The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released detailed implementation guidance for AI-generated content labeling requirements, specifying technical standards for watermarks and metadata tagging of AI-generated text, images, audio and video on Chinese online platforms.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "Media", "Standards" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部发布AI生成内容标识指引", "description_zh": "The 工业和信息化部 released detailed implementation guidance for 人工智能-generated content labeling requirements, specifying technical standards for watermarks and metadata tagging of 人工智能-generated text, images, audio and video on Chinese 网络平台s." }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "China issues trial measures for ethical review of AI technology", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/wjfb/art/2026/art_2995f16b28504ddcbb604e918eb15759.html", "description": "各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化、发展改革、教育、科技、农业农村、卫生健康、网信主管部门、科协，中国人民银行上海总部，各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市分行，中国科学院院属各单位，各有关单位 ：", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国发布AI技术伦理审查试行办法", "description_zh": "The 工业和信息化部 has issued a trial guideline on the ethics review and service of 人工智能. This guideline, developed in collaboration with ten government departments, emphasizes the need for technological innovation in 人工智能 ethics review and the implementation of technical measures to mitigate ethical risks associated with 人工智能. It outlines key review focuses including human well-being, fairness, justice, controllability, and trustworthiness, while addressing specific issues such as training data selection criteria, algorithm rationality, and measures to prevent bias and discrimination. Additionally, the guideline promotes the orderly open-sourcing of high-quality datasets, the development of risk management and auditing tools, and the encouragement of 人工智能 products that adhere to ethical standards and protect intellectual property rights.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China drafts measures for digital virtual human services", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/03/c_1776952992709096.htm", "description": "为了促进数字虚拟人信息服务健康发展和规范应用，根据《中华人民共和国网络安全法》、《中华人民共和国数据安全法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》、《互联网信息服务管理办法》等法律、行政法规，国家互联网信息办公室起草了《数字虚拟人信息服务管理办法（征求意见稿）》，现向社会公开征求意见。公众可通过以下途径和方式提出反馈意见：", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办数字虚拟人服务管理办法草案", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 has drafted the Administrative Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services to promote the healthy development and standardized application of such services, soliciting public comments until 6 May 2026. These measures, formulated in accordance with various 网络安全 and data protection laws, outline the responsibilities of service providers and users, emphasizing the protection of personal rights, the prohibition of harmful content, and the necessity for consent when using sensitive 个人信息. The State Internet Information Office will oversee governance, while local departments will manage regional compliance. The draft encourages industry self-regulation, innovation, and adherence to social ethics, with penalties for violations including fines and service cessation. The measures also define key terms related to digital virtual humans and stipulate that additional regulations may apply in specific sectors like healthcare and finance.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology unveils plan to expand low-cost computing for SMEs", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcjd/art/2026/art_4adb7d2acd4d4cb1b8a7c45a7bc839fa.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn): 一图读懂《工业和信息化部办公厅关于开展普惠算力赋能中小企业发展专项行动的通知》.", "categories": [ "Compute" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部发布中小企业低成本算力计划", "description_zh": "中国 will pilot computing power banks and supermarkets to address a computing power shortage and facilitate low-cost access for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by 2028, as outlined by the 工业和信息化部. The initiative aims to create a nationwide computing service system that is accessible, affordable, and high-quality, covering at least 10 of 15 major industry categories for SMEs. The plan includes encouraging the use of computing power banks for depositing and withdrawing idle computing capacity and establishing a marketplace for on-demand access to pooled resources. Additionally, the strategy focuses on matching SME demand with underutilized computing supply through upgraded national platforms, promoting flexible pricing schemes based on usage, and providing targeted subsidies, including computing power vouchers, to expedite adoption.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "ASEAN and China reinforce commitment to deepening comprehensive strategic partnership", "url": "https://asean.org/asean-and-china-reinforce-commitment-to-deepening-comprehensive-strategic-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 30 March 2026 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "东盟中国深化全面战略伙伴关系", "description_zh": "ASEAN and 中国 has reaffirmed their commitment to advancing cooperation under their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) during the 27th Meeting of the ASEAN-中国 Joint Cooperation Committee (ACJCC) held at the ASEAN Secretariat. The meeting acknowledged the completion of the Plan of Action (POA) for 2021-2025 and the ongoing implementation of the POA for 2026-2030, which focuses on enhancing cooperation in areas such as transnational crime, science and technology, artificial intelligence (人工智能), agriculture and food security, tourism, education, public health, media, and disaster management. Both parties recognized 2026 as the ASEAN-中国 Year marking the fifth anniversary of the CSP, providing an opportunity to assess achievements and strengthen relations through various initiatives.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "21 March 2026", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China releases guidance for online platforms to standardize short video content labeling", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-03/21/c_1775746586601999.htm", "description": "当前，网站平台关于短视频内容标注的标准和尺度不一，一些含有虚构演绎、摆拍营销、AI生成等内容的短视频未进行规范标注，严重误导公众认知，扰乱社会秩序，污染网络生态。", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办短视频标识指引", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 has released new guidelines to standardize the labeling of 短视频 content across various platforms due to inconsistent labeling practices that mislead public perception and disrupt social order. This initiative includes standardizing tags for labeling, making content labeling mandatory for posting, and conducting reviews of existing content to ensure compliance. Major platforms such as Douyin, Kuaishou, Tencent, Xiaohongshu, Bilibili, and Weibo have already removed over 37,000 non-compliant videos, addressed more than 3,400 violating accounts, and added annotations to over 600,000 videos. Moving forward, the Administration will establish specific requirements and schedules for nationwide implementation of these labeling standards, alongside inspections and penalties for non-compliance.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/5e06ca6eec464ebdb3c4630208d74131?mc_cid=f83a6d1d57&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "Official source record dated 20 March 2026 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee opens solicitation on membership of Artificial Intelligence Security Standards Working Group (WG9). See the linked tc260.org.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网安标委征集AI安全标准组成员", "description_zh": "The 全国网安标委 (全国网安标委) has opened a public solicitation for member organisations to join the 人工智能 Security Standards Working Group (WG9). The Working Group's scope covers investigating the current state and development trends of 人工智能 security standards, researching and proposing a system of 人工智能 security standards, and conducting research into and formulating 人工智能 security standards. Eligible applicants must be enterprises, institutions of higher education, scientific research institutes, or other bodies registered within the territory of 中国 and possessing legal person status, must recognise and comply with the Articles of Association of 全国网安标委 and the Working Group Rules of 全国网安标委, and must be engaged in business related to the technical fields of the Working Group.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "CNCERT issues warning on OpenClaw risks", "url": "https://www.cert.org.cn/publish/main/11/2026/20260312144519429724511/20260312144519429724511_.html", "description": "近期，OpenClaw（“小龙虾”，曾用名Clawdbot、Moltbot）应用下载与使用情况火爆，国内主流云平台均提供了一键部署服务。此款智能体软件依据自然语言指令直接操控计算机完成相关操作。为实现“自主执行任务”的能力，该应用被授予了较高的系统权限，包括访问本地文件系统、读取环境变量、调用外部服务应用程序编程接口（API）以及安装扩展功能等。然而，由于其默认的安全配置极为脆弱，攻击者一旦发现突破口，便能轻易获取系统的完全控制权。 前期，由于OpenClaw智能体的不当安装和使用，已经出现了一些严重的安全风险： 1.“提示词注入”风险。网络攻击者通过在网页中构造隐藏的恶意指令，诱导OpenClaw读取该网页，就可能导致其被诱导将用户系统密钥泄露。 2. “误操作”风险。由于错误的理解用户操作指令和意图，OpenClaw可能会将电子邮件、核心生产数据等重要信息彻底删除。 3.功能插件（skills）投毒风险。多个适用于OpenClaw的功能插件已被确认为恶意插件或存在潜在的安全风险，安装后可执行窃取密钥、部署木马后门软件等恶意操作，使得设备沦为“肉鸡”。 4.安全漏洞风险。截止目前，OpenClaw已经公开曝出多个高中危漏洞，一旦这些漏洞被网络攻击者恶意利用，则可能导致系统被控、隐私信息和敏感数据泄露的严重后果。对于个人用户，可导致隐私数据（像照片、文档、聊天记录）、支付账户、AP", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNCERT发布OpenClaw风险预警", "description_zh": "The National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Centre of 中国 (国家互联网应急中心/CC) has issued an advisory on OpenClaw, highlighting risks such as \"prompt injection,\" which allows attackers to manipulate the software for sensitive information leaks; \"misoperation,\" leading to accidental data deletion; the installation of malicious plugins that compromise systems; and various high-severity vulnerabilities that could enable complete system control and data breaches, threatening personal privacy and critical industries like finance and energy. To mitigate these risks, users are advised to enhance network controls, manage credentials securely, vet plugin sources carefully, and stay updated with security patches.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 March 2026", "title": "China’s Supreme Court says it treats AI cases with care without stifling growth or innovation", "url": "https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/492681.html", "description": "最高人民法院政务网站,最高人民法院网，最高人民法院，最高人民法院网是人民群众了解和联系最高人民法院的重要窗口，承载着司法公开、法治宣传、服务群众、接受监督等重要使命。是最高人民法院的政务网站，是最高人民法院在互联网上唯一的正式身份。", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China’s Supreme Court says it treats AI cases with care without stifling growth or innovation", "description_zh": "In its annual report presented to the 全国人大, the 最高人民法院 of 中国 has emphasized its careful approach to adjudicating 人工智能 cases, aiming to balance legal oversight with fostering innovation. The court highlighted its role in promoting the orderly development of 人工智能 by accurately understanding the permissible 'margin for error' in technological advancements. An example cited involved a ruling where a generative 人工智能 service's error was not deemed an infringement, as the developer exercised due diligence and caused no actual harm. The court also underscored its commitment to resolutely regulate actions that misuse 人工智能 to infringe upon lawful rights or disrupt social order, thereby promoting technology for good. Additionally, the Supreme People's Procuratorate reported prosecuting 4,739 individuals in the past year for 数据安全 breaches in sectors including 人工智能 and e-commerce.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "China targets quantum leadership and AI expansion in 15th 5 Year Plan", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/kgfb/202603/t20260305_452076.html", "description": "Primary source (npc.gov.cn): 《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划纲要（草案）》摘要_中国人大网.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第十五个五年计划量子AI目标", "description_zh": "中国 has positioned quantum technology and 人工智能 as the primary pillars of its latest 15th 5 Year Plan (2026-2030), aiming to secure global leadership in advanced science while bolstering national security and economic growth. This comprehensive policy blueprint, released during the National People’s Congress, outlines an aggressive \"人工智能+ Action Plan\" to integrate 人工智能 across various sectors—including healthcare, manufacturing, and logistics—to address structural issues like labor shortages and an aging population. Beyond 人工智能, the strategy prioritizes high-tech frontiers such as quantum computing, 6G communications, humanoid robots, and brain-machine interfaces, categorizing them as \"new quality productive forces\" essential for future industrial competitiveness. 中国 further plans to develop hyper-scale computing clusters, invest in basic research, foster domestic scientific talent, and build an integrated space-earth quantum communication network. These initiatives also reflect a strategic shift toward technological self-reliance, driven by geopolitical tensions and export controls from the 美国, with additional long-term goals including breakthroughs in nuclear fusion, reusable heavy-lift rockets, and the establishment of a lunar research station.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "China unveils roadmap to integrate AI into public procurement", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/tzgg/202602/t20260210_1403681.html", "description": "Primary source (ndrc.gov.cn): 【关于加快招标投标领域人工智能推广应用的实施意见】-国家发展和改革委员会.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国发布AI纳入公共采购路线图", "description_zh": "The 国家发展改革委 (NDRC), 中国's primary economic planning body, has released a strategy to accelerate the integration of 人工智能 into public procurement processes. The roadmap outlines that by the end of 2026, select provinces will implement 人工智能-driven functions such as irregularity detection, 人工智能-assisted bid evaluation, and identification of collusion in tendering processes, with a nationwide rollout planned by 2028. The plan includes 人工智能 tools for analyzing sectoral trends, assessing supply and demand balances, and verifying regulatory compliance during the preparatory phase of public tenders. Additionally, 人工智能 systems are expected to detect illegal clauses in tender documents and assist bidders in preparing proposals and assessing contractual risks. The strategy emphasizes that 人工智能-generated conclusions will not replace independent judgment and mandates strict requirements for algorithm registration, review, and security to mitigate risks like lack of transparency and bias.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "CAC publishes batch of typical cases regarding investigations into online platforms over allegations of failure to label AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-02/12/c_1772636033171974.htm?mc_cid=91ca9f7be5&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "近期，部分网络账号发布AI生成合成信息时，不添加AI标识，存在利用虚假不实内容欺骗误导公众的问题，破坏网络生态，造成恶劣影响。网信部门督促网站平台深入排查整治，依法依约处置账号13421个，清理违法违规信息54.3万余条。现将部分典型案例通报如下：", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办AI标识典型案例", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 has concluded its targeted enforcement action against the dissemination of unlabeled 人工智能-generated content, resulting in the penalization of 13,421 accounts and the removal of over 543,000 pieces of non-compliant information. This investigation specifically addressed the misuse of generative 人工智能 and synthesis technologies to damage the online ecosystem through the fabrication of misleading narratives, such as fake rescue missions and artificial fire scenes, as well as the unauthorized use of face-swapping and voice-cloning to impersonate public figures for illicit profit. The regulatory crackdown identified severe violations involving the modification of animated characters to display violent and vulgar content accessible to minors, while also targeting e-commerce entities on platforms like Xiaohongshu and Taobao that facilitated the removal of mandatory 人工智能 watermarks. In response to these systemic issues, the CAC has reaffirmed a strict regulatory stance and mandated that all content creators proactively implement standardized identification labels to preserve a healthy and authentic digital environment.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "US, China opt out of joint declaration on AI use in military", "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/en/REAIM2026/Paginas/default.aspx", "description": "As of today, the REAIM 2026 Summit outcome document has been endorsed by: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Luxembourg, Malta, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Senegal, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkiye, Ukraine, United Kingdom.​​", "categories": [ "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中美未签署AI军事使用宣言", "description_zh": "Thirty-five countries have signed a declaration at the Responsible 人工智能 in the Military Domain (RE人工智能M) summit in A Coruña, Spain, establishing 20 principles for the governed deployment of 人工智能 in warfare. While major signatories such as Canada, France, Britain, and South Korea affirmed human responsibility over 人工智能 weapons and the necessity of clear command chains, 中国 and the US opted out of the non-binding agreement. The declaration, which includes guidelines on risk assessments, national oversight sharing, and personnel training, saw a decrease in endorsement compared to previous summits in The Hague and Seoul, reflecting growing hesitation amid geopolitical uncertainty and the challenge of balancing innovation with the prevention of unintended military escalation.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "China flags security risks in OpenClaw open-source AI agent", "url": "https://nvdb.org.cn/publicAnnouncement/2019330237532790786", "description": "Primary source (nvdb.org.cn): 工业和信息化部网络安全威胁和漏洞信息共享平台.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国警示OpenClaw安全风险", "description_zh": "The Chinese 工业和信息化部's National Vulnerability Database (NVDB) has identified security vulnerabilities in the OpenClaw open-source 人工智能 agent, highlighting risks such as cyberattacks and data leaks due to default or improper configurations. OpenClaw, which integrates multi-channel communications with large language models to create customized assistants, has rapidly gained popularity since its November 2025 release, attracting significant attention on GitHub and among Chinese tech enthusiasts. Major Chinese cloud service providers like Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu have introduced hosting solutions for OpenClaw. The NVDB advises users to enhance security measures, including reviewing network exposure, permission settings, credential management, and implementing robust identity authentication, access control, data encryption, and security auditing to mitigate potential threats.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "China prepares to tighten oversight on AI-generated content labeling", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/1234567890abcdef", "description": "Primary source (mp.weixin.qq.com) dated 2 February 2026 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国加强AI生成内容标识监管", "description_zh": "The head of the Network Management Technology Bureau at 中国's 国家网信办, Yu Yonghe, published a signed article detailing the development of 中国's 人工智能-generated content labeling system. This framework, established through the 人工智能-Generated and Synthesized Content Labeling Measures and a mandatory national standard, aims to make 人工智能-generated content identifiable and traceable. It encompasses the entire content lifecycle and incorporates both explicit labels and metadata-based implicit labels, allowing platforms to choose solutions that fit their technical capacity. Developed in collaboration with experts and major internet platforms, the system has led to rapid compliance, reduced disinformation, and increased public awareness of 人工智能-generated content, contributing to an emerging Chinese model of 人工智能 governance with growing international relevance. The article notes that Chinese authorities will tighten oversight of 人工智能-generated content labeling to ensure platforms meet their obligations, including stepped-up inspections and tougher action against non-compliant platforms.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 January 2026", "title": "Cyberspace Administration opens consultation on Law on Prevention and Control of Cybercrime, covering AI", "url": "https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254536/n4904355/c10386242/content.html", "description": "Primary source (mps.gov.cn) dated 31 January 2026 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公安部就网络犯罪防治法征求意见", "description_zh": "The 公安部 has opened a consultation on the Law on Prevention and Control of Cybercrime, a legislative initiative designed to dismantle the \"black and gray\" industrial chains that facilitate online fraud, illegal information dissemination, and cryptocurrency-related crimes. The proposed law mandates that a broad spectrum of service providers—including internet access, hosting, advertising, blockchain, and 人工智能 platforms—actively monitor, detect, and block the publication of false or illegal information. 人工智能 service providers are specifically tasked with preventing the spread of rumors and must work alongside mobile terminal producers to clearly label 人工智能-generated content, while search engines are required to cap the proportion of paid search results. The legislation introduces robust protections for minors by prohibiting cyberbullying and the handling of child sexual abuse material, and it asserts \"long-arm jurisdiction\" by allowing the government to freeze the assets of foreign institutions or penalize individuals abroad whose actions harm 中国's national security. Any organisation that provides technical support to others disseminating illegal information is subject to fines of 1 to 10 times the unlawful gains, or if there are no unlawful gains, a fine of not more than RMB 500,000. Telecommunications, financial, internet, or other service providers who fail to discover or block illegal information or who implement illegal naming conventions are subject to corrections, fines between RMB 50’000 RMB 5 million in serious cases. The consultation closes on 2 March 2026.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 521", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 January 2026", "title": "China’s SAMR releases typical AI competition cases", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2026/art_55e7dd8d2a9e46fa8378cb98b95f31e1.html", "description": "2025年 ， 市场监管部门继续 部署开展整治网络不正当竞争行为专项行动 ， 不断优化公平竞争市场环境，推动平台经济规范健康持续发展 ， 全国各级市场监管部门共查办各类网络不正当竞争案件1932件，罚没金额7152.94万元。为有效引导经营主体依法合规经营，共同营造良好竞争生态，现选取 八起典型 案例予以公布。", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China’s SAMR releases typical AI competition cases", "description_zh": "The 市场监管总局 (SAMR) has intensified its efforts to combat unfair competition in 中国's digital economy by targeting the misuse of emerging technologies, specifically focusing on (1) \"free-riding\" on 人工智能 brand reputation, where companies use deceptive keywords and logos to impersonate popular models like DeepSeek or ChatGPT; (2) commercial confusion created by unauthorized \"Chinese versions\" of global 人工智能 tools that mislead users into paying for memberships; (3) the unauthorized extraction of 人工智能 model parameters and weights to replicate unique generative effects; and (4) the use of LLMs to mass-generate fraudulent content, such as automated negative reviews for commercial defamation or non-consensual image synthesis for deceptive marketing.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "China issues new rules classifying online content harmful to minors", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/23/c_1770728781060093.htm", "description": "各省、自治区、直辖市互联网信息办公室、新闻出版局、电影主管部门、教育厅（局）、通信管理局、公安厅（局）、文化和旅游厅（局）、广播电视局，新疆生产建设兵团互联网信息办公室、新闻出版局、电影主管部门、教育局、公安局、文化体育广电和旅游局：", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国发布未成年人有害内容分类规定", "description_zh": "中国 has introduced new regulations to classify online content potentially harmful to minors, aiming to enhance their online protection. Jointly issued by eight government departments, including the 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC), the measures identify four categories of harmful content: (1) material that may induce harmful behavior, (2) negatively influence minors' values, (3) misuse minors' images, and (4) improperly disclose their 个人信息. Online content producers and service providers are required to implement preventive measures, and platforms are prohibited from prominently displaying such content. These regulations will take effect on 1 March 2026.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "President Xi calls AI \"epoch-making\" as China pushes innovation strategy", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202601/20/content_WS696f6191c6d00ca5f9a08afc.html", "description": "BEIJING, Jan. 20 -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Tuesday called for solid efforts to secure a good start to the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "习近平称AI划时代", "description_zh": "During a study session at the Party School of the CPC Central Committee, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasised the importance of securing a strong start to the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). President Xi highlighted the need for a comprehensive understanding of the strategic arrangements for economic and social development outlined at the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee. Among other topics, President Xi highlighted the need to advance domestic technology, including 人工智能, through a \"whole-of-nation\" approach. Key quotes include: (1) \"In this wave of technological revolution, frontier technologies such as 人工智能, quantum computing and biotech are emerging. Among them, 人工智能 is the most eye-catching\"; and (2) \"[人工智能] is considered the next epoch-making technological transformation, comparable to the changes brought about by the steam engine, electricity and the internet\". President Xi's focus aligns with 中国's broader strategy, including his push to foster \"new productive forces\" to sustain growth over the coming years and break the US chokehold on technologies in the 人工智能 sector and cutting-edge chips. The Communist Party leadership traditionally holds such sessions at the start of each year to outline priorities for senior officials.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "China and ASEAN to deepen cooperation in AI, digital security", "url": "https://asean.org/secretary-general-of-asean-participates-in-the-6th-adgmin-china-meeting/", "description": "Primary source (asean.org) dated 16 January 2026 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国东盟深化AI数字安全合作", "description_zh": "At the 6th ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting held in Hanoi, Vietnam, 中国 and ASEAN outlined a five-year roadmap to enhance digital collaboration in areas such as artificial intelligence, digital security, and the digital economy. Plans include establishing the 中国-ASEAN Digital Academy and the 中国-ASEAN 人工智能 Industry Innovation Center in 2026. Chinese Vice-Minister Zhang Yunming emphasized aligning 中国's upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan with the ASEAN Digital Masterplan 2030 to build an open and mutually beneficial digital ecosystem. ASEAN ministers expressed appreciation for 中国's support and a desire to strengthen practical digital cooperation to elevate the ASEAN-中国 comprehensive strategic partnership. The meeting adopted the 中国-ASEAN Plan on Sustainable and Inclusive Digital Ecosystem Cooperation (2026-30) and the 2026 中国-ASEAN Digital Cooperation Plan, focusing on policy dialogue, strategic alignment, digital infrastructure, and innovative applications of emerging digital technologies.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_fetch_failed": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee opens consultation on user security guidelines for using AI services", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/portal/article/2/e58c0ee56a5a47ebaf6b5404e8611f65", "description": "为有效应对人工智能技术快速发展与应用带来的新风险、新挑战，全面提升各行业人工智能应用安全水平，保障人工智能高质量发展，秘书处组织编制了 《 人工智能应用安全指引 总则 》 《 人工智能应用安全 指引 广播电视和网络视听》 《 用户 使用人工智能安全指南 》 《 人工智能训练数据清洗安全指南 》等 4 项 网络安全 标准实践指南 征求意见稿 。", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网安标委AI服务用户安全指南征求意见", "description_zh": "The 全国网安标委 has opened a public consultation on Cybersecurity Standard Practice Guide — User Security Guidelines for Using 人工智能 Services (Consultation Draft v1.0-202601). The draft guide provides security guidance for users of 人工智能 services and addresses user security awareness, safe use guidance, and user behaviour norms. The draft guide advises users to take safety measures, such as reviewing user agreements and privacy policies, pay attention to whether their data could be used as training data, avoid disclosing sensitive 个人信息, paying attention to access permission requests, and verify output generated by 人工智能 services. Further, users should avoid maliciously sending large requests to exhaust service resources, ensure that output is watermarked, report problematic content, and avoid generating unethical content. The consultation closes on 27 January 2026.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology implements Action Plan for the High-Quality Development of Industrial Internet Platforms (2026–2028)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2026/art_71cecf506c054283aa6c48464ea8379b.html", "description": "为深入贯彻党中央、国务院有关决策部署，加快工业互联网创新发展，工业和信息化部组织编制了《推动工业互联网平台高质量发展行动方案（2026—2028年）》。现印发给你们，请结合实际抓好落实。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部工业互联网平台高质量发展行动方案", "description_zh": "In alignment with the national strategic directives on new industrialization, the 工业和信息化部 has introduced the Action Plan for the High-Quality Development of Industrial Internet Platforms (2026–2028). This initiative formalizes industrial internet platforms as essential infrastructure for data aggregation, model development, and large-scale application, with a primary focus on accelerating the integration of next-generation information technologies across the industrial value chain. To facilitate iterative upgrades and scaled deployment, the Plan emphasizes the establishment of interoperability standards and outlines a comprehensive framework encompassing platform cultivation, data governance, 人工智能 integration, and ecosystem development. Furthermore, the strategy prioritizes international cooperation and robust security assurance to ensure a secure, standardized, and globally competitive industrial landscape.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "China and Ethiopia pledge closer cooperation in areas from infrastructure to AI", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbzhd/202601/t20260110_11810461.html", "description": "On January 8, 2026 local time, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister Wang Yi held talks with Ethiopian Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos in Addis Ababa.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国埃塞俄比亚加强合作", "description_zh": "中国's Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and called for greater cooperation with Africa's fastest growing economy, including in infrastructure, green industry, and the digital economy. Minister Wang said 中国 is willing better align development strategies with Ethiopia to promote their \"all-weather strategic partnership\" to new heights. Both sides agreed to deepen cooperation in traditional areas such as trade, infrastructure, energy, transportation and law as well as in new areas such e-commerce, 人工智能 and green energy.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "China rolls out 'AI plus manufacturing' plan to drive industrial upgrade", "url": "http://www.ceccweb.org.cn/listshow.php?cid=68&id=3799", "description": "工业和信息化部 中央网信办 国家发展改革委 教育部 商务部 国务院国资委 市场监管总局 国家数据局 关于印发《“人工智能+制造”专项行动实施意见》的通知 工信部联科〔2025〕279号 各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化主管部门、党委网信办、发展改革主管部门、教育厅（教委）、商务主管部门、国资主管部门、市场监管局（厅、委）、数据管理部门 ，各有关单位： 现将《“人工...", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国推出AI+制造计划", "description_zh": "中国's 工业和信息化部, 国家网信办 of 中国 and six other Chinese authorities have jointly issued an implementation plan for a nationwide “人工智能 plus manufacturing” initiative, setting out policy goals to accelerate the integration of 人工智能 technologies into manufacturing and support industrial upgrading. The plan sets out 21 measures across seven areas, including innovation foundations, application-driven empowerment, product breakthroughs, ecosystem building, security governance and international cooperation. It calls for stronger inter-agency and central-local coordination, guidance to curb excessive competition, better use of funding channels, large-scale application pilots, and new monitoring systems to track industry scale and global trends.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "President Xi touts China’s AI and tech advancements in new year speech", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xw/zyxw/202512/t20251231_11796363.html", "description": "On New Year's Eve, Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered his 2026 New Year message through China Media Group and the internet. The following is the full text of the message:", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "President Xi touts China’s AI and tech advancements in new year speech", "description_zh": "In his 2026 New Year Speech, Chinese President Xi Jinping highlighted 中国’s achievements in 人工智能 and the chip industry in a triumphant New Year’s Eve speech as he called for more confidence in the country’s development path in the year ahead - \"We integrated science and technology deeply with industries, and made a stream of new innovations. Many large 人工智能 models have been competing in a race to the top, and breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of our own chips. All this has turned 中国 into one of the economies with the fastest growing innovation capabilities...Humanoid robots did kung fu kicks, and drones performed spectacular light shows. Inventions and innovations have boosted new quality productive forces and added colorful dimensions to our lives\".", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Chinese regulator plans monthlong crackdown on AI-manipulated videos", "url": "http://www.news.cn/legal/20251231/719f2c41372f492a8a08eaec55fc50fa/c.html", "description": "Primary source (news.cn): 国家广播电视总局部署开展“AI魔改”视频专项治理-新华网.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "广电总局整治AI视频专项行动", "description_zh": "中国’s National Radio and Television Administration has circulated a notice announcing it will launch a monthlong enforcement campaign starting from 1 January 2026 to curb the spread of “artificial intelligence–manipulated” videos. The effort will target 人工智能-altered content drawn from classic Chinese literature, historical and revolutionary dramas and depictions of national heroes. Problematic videos include those that distort original themes and characters, inject graphic violence or vulgar sensationalism, promote distorted values, misappropriate or rewrite elements of Chinese culture and history or rework well-known children’s animated characters into so-called “cult” animations. Online audiovisual platforms were urged to tighten content reviews, remove unlawful material and penalize offending accounts to stem the spread of such content and foster a healthier online environment for minors.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 December 2025", "title": "China issues draft rules to regulate AI with human-like interaction", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/27/c_1768571207311996.htm", "description": "为了促进人工智能拟人化互动服务健康发展和规范应用，依据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国网络安全法》《中华人民共和国数据安全法》等法律法规，国家互联网信息办公室起草了《人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法（征求意见稿）》，现向社会公开征求意见。公众可通过以下途径和方式提出反馈意见：", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国发布拟人化AI管理规定草案", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 (CAC) has released a draft of the \"Interim Measures for the Management of 人工智能 Human-like Interactive Services\" which aim to tighten oversight of 人工智能 services designed to simulate human personalities and engage users in emotional interaction. The proposed rules would apply to 人工智能 products and services offered to the public in 中国 that present simulated human personality traits, thinking patterns and communication styles, and interact with users emotionally through text, images, audio, video or other means. The proposed measures would: (1) require service providers to assume safety responsibilities throughout the product lifecycle and establish systems for algorithm review, 数据安全 and 个人信息 protection; (2) target potential psychological risks by requiring providers to identify user states and assess users' emotions and their level of dependence on the service; (3) require providers to take necessary measures to intervene if users are found to exhibit extreme emotions or addictive behaviour; and (4) set content and conduct red lines, stating that services must not generate content that endangers national security, spreads rumours or promotes violence or obscenity. The measures are open to public comment by 25 January 2026.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "South Korea, China, Japan agree to boost health cooperation using AI", "url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es;jsessionid=asFk4klaRNGVznXVFWudpvWe3noz4lNEaETICWAlK1aZfjPPtvOI5W3a1AURMDA0.mohwwas1_servlet_engine20?mid=a20401000000&bid=0032&list_no=1488223&act=view", "description": "Primary source (mohw.go.kr) dated 15 December 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩中日AI健康合作", "description_zh": "Health ministers from South Korea, 中国, and Japan convened in Seoul for the 18th Tripartite Health Ministers’ Meeting to address shared health challenges and enhance cooperation on three main agenda items:universal health coverage (UHC), healthy ageing and mental health. In particular, the three countries agreed to use 人工智能 and digital technologies to improve equity and accessibility in essential medical services, while exchanging best practices on digital healthcare tailored to each country’s infrastructure and institutional frameworks. To address rapid population ageing, the ministers also agreed to support the development of integrated care systems that link medical services and long-term care from a life-course perspective.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "China and Saudi Arabia pledge deeper hi-tech cooperation", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjbzhd/202512/t20251215_11772489.shtml", "description": "当地时间2025å¹´12月14æ—¥ï¼Œæ²™ç‰¹çŽ‹å‚¨å ¼é¦–ç›¸ç©†ç½•é»˜å¾·åœ¨åˆ©é› å¾—ä¼šè§ä¸­å ±ä¸­å¤®æ”¿æ²»å±€å§”å‘˜ã€å¤–äº¤éƒ¨é•¿çŽ‹æ¯ ã€‚", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国沙特高科技合作", "description_zh": "中国 and Saudi Arabia have committed to deepening hi-tech cooperation, focusing on sectors such as new energy and 人工智能, following a state visit by 中国 Foreign Minister Wang Yi to Riyadh. Saudi Arabia supports 中国 in hosting the second 中国-Arab States Summit and the second 中国-Gulf Arab Cooperation Council Summit in 2026 and is willing to promote the early completion of negotiations on the 中国-Gulf Free Trade Agreement. Further details have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "China and ASEAN deepen cooperation in AI security, cross-border data governance", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/04/c_1766577618173846.htm", "description": "In September 2025, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the Global Governance Initiative, offering China's wisdom and solutions to promote the building of a more just and equitable global governance system. Cyberspace is a common space for human activities. Interconnection is the basic nature of cyberspace. Sharing and co-governance is the common vision of internet development. In the face of such problems and challenges as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order brought by digital development, China stands ready to join ASEAN countries in strengthening solidarity an", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国东盟AI安全跨境数据治理合作", "description_zh": "中国 and ASEAN have proposed to cooperation in digital governance through three main areas: enhancing 网络安全 by establishing efficient emergency response mechanisms and sharing threat information; collaborating on 人工智能 governance by implementing the Global 人工智能 Governance Initiative and fostering exchanges between 人工智能 entities; and facilitating 跨境数据 flows by improving policy transparency and developing compatible regulatory frameworks. These efforts aim to strengthen solidarity, build consensus, and enhance digital governance capacities, contributing to a closer 中国-ASEAN community with a shared future.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology opens consultation on Fourteenth Batch of Standards, covering AI", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2025/art_0f96fb635c114690af6f24da0d0dad7b.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 26 November 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部第十四批标准征求意见", "description_zh": "The Department of Science and Technology of the 工业和信息化部 has opened a public consultation on 24 industry standards. The consultation covers standards related to Internet of Things (IoT) applications and 人工智能 testing. It includes technical requirements for IoT digital twin systems for hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel workshops, unmanned underground-loader driving systems, digital steel-delivery systems, intelligent equipment-fault perception systems, and equipment-level digital twin systems. It also covers requirements for wind-turbine vibration-monitoring sensors, distributed storage systems for video surveillance, data-security requirements for video-surveillance systems, passive smart-warehousing systems, IoT computing-fusion application systems, smart-building operations-management systems, and smart-fishery sensor protocols. The consultation further addresses end-side artificial intelligence pilot-testing standards, including algorithm-robustness evaluation, digital pilot systems, pilot-equipment management, pilot-platform evaluation, pilot-project management, and pilot-verification requirements. The consultation closes on 24 December 2025.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China imposes warnings, rectification orders and app-store removals in investigation into mobile internet applications over non-compliance with generative AI measures", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-11/25/c_1765795550841819.htm", "description": "针对部分网站平台未有效落实人工智能生成合成内容标识规定要求相关问题，近期网信部门集中查处一批违法违规移动互联网应用程序，依法依规予以约谈、责令限期改正、下架下线等处置处罚。主要违法违规情形如下：", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办APP违规查处", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 has issued a ruling in its investigation into mobile internet applications that failed to comply with requirements for the identification of 人工智能-generated and synthesised content, stating that penalties including warnings, orders to rectify within a specified period and removal from app stores were imposed in accordance with laws and regulations. The ruling identified that 人工智能-generated composite service providers failed to add explicit identifiers to generated composite content, failed to add explicit identifiers to exported files, failed to add implicit identifiers containing production-element information including attribute information, service-provider name or code and content number to file metadata and failed to standardise the placement of implicit identifiers. It further identified that network information content dissemination service providers failed to implement implicit-identification verification, failed to add prominent warning labels around published content, failed to add attribute information, dissemination-platform name or code, content code and other dissemination-element information to file metadata and failed to provide users with the function of declaring the generation of synthetic content. The ruling referenced the Measures for the Identification of 人工智能-Generated and Synthesised Content and stated that website platforms must strictly implement identification requirements and strengthen detection and mutual-recognition capabilities.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 November 2025", "title": "President Xi proposes global AI governance body at APEC Summit", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20251101/9517728c45424ab38be5ddc9e3a1d794/c.html", "description": "GYEONGJU, South Korea, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping said here Saturday that Asia Pacific economies must enhance mutually beneficial cooperation, make good use of new opportunities, stand up to new challenges, and forge a sustainable and brighter future together.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "习近平APEC峰会提议全球AI治理机构", "description_zh": "In his speech at the second session of the 32nd APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in South Korea, President Xi proposed the establishment of a World 人工智能 Cooperation Organization to provide the international community with public goods on 人工智能, and noted that 中国 is ready to work with all APEC members to enhance 人工智能 literacy and bridge the digital and 人工智能 divide in the Asia Pacific region. Chinese officials have said the organisation could be based in the commercial hub of Shanghai. 中国 will host the 2026 APEC summit in Shenzhen, a major hub for manufacturing, from robotics to electric car production.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration adopts guidelines for deployment and application of large-scale AI models in government affairs", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-10/10/c_1761819469929310.htm", "description": "为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，规范和引导人工智能大模型在政务领域的发展与应用，提升政务数字化智能化治理和服务水平，制定本指引。本指引主要为各级政务部门提供人工智能大模型部署应用的工作导向和基本参照，将根据实践进展，结合人工智能大模型发展和应用的新形势、新要求，进行动态调整。", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办政务大模型部署指南", "description_zh": "The 国家网信办 of 中国 has adopted the guidelines for the deployment and application of large-scale 人工智能 models in government affairs. The guidelines apply to all levels of government using 人工智能 models in public services, governance, office work, and decision-making. They require departments to use registered or customised models, ensure unified deployment through national computing networks, and strengthen data governance and security. The guidelines mandate content review, confidentiality protection, and risk management aligned with existing 人工智能 regulations. It also promotes regular updates, user feedback, and 人工智能 literacy training.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "China, African nations pledge cooperation on cybersecurity, AI governance", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/28/c_1760606713169654.htm#:~:text=4.2%20China%20will%20put%20into,abusive%20use%20of%20AI%20technologies.", "description": "In August 2021, China launched the Initiative on China-Africa Jointly Building a Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace at the first China-Africa Internet Development and Cooperation Forum. To implement the guiding principles laid out by President Xi Jinping in his congratulatory letter to the Ministerial Meeting of Coordinators on the Implementation of the Follow-up Actions of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) as well as the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation Beijing Action Plan (2025-2027), and to further deepen the pragmatic cooperation with African countries in the digital", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国非洲网络AI治理合作", "description_zh": "At the 中国-Africa Internet Development and Cooperation Forum in Xiamen, 中国 unveiled a comprehensive plan for digital cooperation with Africa, titled \"Plan of Actions on Jointly Building a 中国-Africa Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace (2025-2026)\". This plan focuses on five key areas: (1) digital economy development through investment in communication infrastructure like 5G and submarine cables, creating a \"Cooperation Network\" for Chinese Internet enterprises, and expanding \"Silk Road E-Commerce\" to promote African products; (2) safeguarding 网络安全 by strengthening emergency response cooperation, mutual trust through dialogue, and addressing 数据安全 and 跨境数据 flow risks; (3) building digital capacity through training in areas like e-commerce, 网络安全, and 人工智能, and hosting annual seminars; (4) advancing 人工智能 governance through dialogue, implementing the Global 人工智能 Governance Initiative, and coordinating positions in international forums like the UN and G20; and (5) enhancing online media cooperation via joint interviews, product exchanges, and talent development to promote the 中国-Africa narrative and a more inclusive global communication order.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0 adopted", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/15/c_1759653448369123.htm", "description": "落实《全球人工智能治理倡议》，《人工智能安全治理框架》1.0版（以下简称《框架》）于2024年9月发布，并受到国内外广泛关注。一年来，人工智能技术和应用发展迅速，为应对新机遇新挑战，在国家网信办指导下，由国家互联网应急中心牵头组织人工智能专业机构、科研院所、行业企业联合制定了《框架》2.0版。作为全国网安标委技术文件，《框架》2.0版在2024年《框架》基础上，结合人工智能技术发展和应用实践，持续跟踪风险变化，完善优化风险分类，研究探索风险分级，动态调整更新防范治理措施。", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 September 2025", "title": "China's mandatory AI content labelling standards come into effect", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm", "description": "为了促进人工智能健康发展，规范人工智能生成合成内容标识，保护公民、法人和其他组织合法权益，维护社会公共利益，国家互联网信息办公室、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家广播电视总局制定了《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》，现印发给你们，请认真遵照执行。", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "China President Xi urges AI cooperation, rejects ‘Cold War mentality’ at SCO summit", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20250901/21ed249339e44355bfbca548f7ca2d9a/c.html", "description": "TIANJIN, Sept. 1 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday delivered a speech at the 25th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in north China's port city of Tianjin.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "TC260 adopts Guidelines on Identification Methods for AI-Generated Synthetic Text Content", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250828165129", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "State Council releases opinions on deepening implementation of Artificial Intelligence Plus Action", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm", "description": "ä¸ºæ·±å ¥å®žæ–½â€œäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½+â€è¡ŒåŠ¨ï¼ŒæŽ¨åŠ¨äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½ä¸Žç»æµŽç¤¾ä¼šå„è¡Œä¸šå„é¢†åŸŸå¹¿æ³›æ·±åº¦èžåˆï¼Œé‡å¡‘äººç±»ç”Ÿäº§ç”Ÿæ´»èŒƒå¼ï¼Œä¿ƒè¿›ç”Ÿäº§åŠ›é©å‘½æ€§è·ƒè¿å’Œç”Ÿäº§å ³ç³»æ·±å±‚æ¬¡å˜é©ï¼ŒåŠ å¿«å½¢æˆäººæœºååŒã€è·¨ç•Œèžåˆã€å ±åˆ›åˆ†äº«çš„æ™ºèƒ½ç»æµŽå’Œæ™ºèƒ½ç¤¾ä¼šæ–°å½¢æ€ï¼ŒçŽ°æå‡ºå¦‚ä¸‹æ„è§ã€‚", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250826152601", "description": "Official source record dated 26 August 2025 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning TC260 introduces AI security standard application practice cases. See the linked tc260.org.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "TC260 issues AI computing platform framework", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=32BCE5E761A1598E64B589FEC09501AB", "description": "Primary source (openstd.samr.gov.cn): 国家标准|GB/T 45958-2025.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 July 2025", "title": "CAC summons Nvidia over concerns of tracking in H20 chips", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-07/31/c_1755675743897163.htm", "description": "近日，英伟达算力芯片被曝出存在严重安全问题。此前，美议员呼吁要求美出口的先进芯片必须配备“追踪定位”功能。美人工智能领域专家透露，英伟达算力芯片“追踪定位”“远程关闭”技术已成熟。为维护中国用户网络安全、数据安全，依据《网络安全法》《数据安全法》《个人信息保护法》有关规定，国家互联网信息办公室于2025年7月31日约谈了英伟达公司，要求英伟达公司就对华销售的H20算力芯片漏洞后门安全风险问题进行说明并提交相关证明材料。", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 July 2025", "title": "Indonesia seeks China's support for AI development", "url": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/369153/indonesia-seeks-chinas-support-for-ai-development", "description": "Indonesia has invited China to support the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital talent in priority sectors such as fisheries and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 July 2025", "title": "China announces Global AI Governance Action Plan", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202507/content_7033929.htm", "description": "7月26日，2025ä¸–ç•Œäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å¤§ä¼šæš¨äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å ¨çƒæ²»ç†é«˜çº§åˆ«ä¼šè®®å‘è¡¨ã€Šäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å ¨çƒæ²»ç†è¡ŒåŠ¨è®¡åˆ’ã€‹ã€‚", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "China ambassador to Australia says that China is open to free trade in AI with Australia", "url": "https://www.afr.com/policy/foreign-affairs/china-is-open-to-free-trade-in-ai-with-australia-20250704-p5mchi", "description": "On the 10th anniversary of the free trade deal, Beijing is willing to review the agreement and actively explore new growth areas in emerging fields.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 July 2025", "title": "China and Brazil expand cooperation in AI", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wld/lss/zygz/202507/t20250707_1399017.html", "description": "Primary source (ndrc.gov.cn): 【国家发展改革委与巴西有关部门签署合作文件】-国家发展和改革委员会.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardisation Technical Committee opens consultation on 6 cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250623172217&mc_cid=63c1116bcc&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Central Cyberspace Affairs Office reports first phase results of Clear and Bright Campaign to Curb AI Technology Misuse", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/20/c_1752129980667315.htm", "description": "“清朗·整治AI技术滥用”专项行动自2025年4月启动以来，中央网信办聚焦AI换脸拟声侵犯公众权益、AI内容标识缺失误导公众等AI技术滥用乱象，深入推进第一阶段重点整治任务，部署各地网信部门加大违规AI产品处置力度，切断违规产品营销引流渠道，督促重点网站平台健全技术安全保障措施，推动生成合成内容标识加速落地。第一阶段累计处置违规小程序、应用程序、智能体等AI产品3500余款，清理违法违规信息96万余条，处置账号3700余个，各项工作取得积极进展。", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "China national legislature representatives deliberate a motion on enacting a comprehensive AI law", "url": "http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/c2/c30834/202506/t20250617%5F445777.html", "description": "Primary source (npc.gov.cn): 构建全面科学的人工智能法律制度体系_中国人大网.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Antitrust & Competition", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "National Data Administration consults on research priorities for digital technology and data infrastructure", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/tzgg/0617/20250617211718155659146_pc.html?mc_cid=e9c003cd24&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "Primary source (nda.gov.cn): 国家数据局数字科技和基础设施建设司2025年课题委托研究征集公告-国家数据局.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 June 2025", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology releases guidelines for the security of automobile data cross-border export", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/13/c_1751439043533847.htm", "description": "为贯彻落实《中华人民共和国数据安全法》《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》《网络数据安全管理条例》等法律法规，推动建立高效便利安全的汽车数据跨境流动机制，为产业发展营造良好环境，在国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹指导下，工业和信息化部、国家网信办、国家发展改革委、国家数据局、公安部、自然资源部、交通运输部、市场监管总局起草了《汽车数据出境安全指引（2025版）（征求意见稿）》，拟以规范性文件印发。现面向社会公开征求意见，请于2025年7月13日前反馈。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 June 2025", "title": "Consultation on AI security standardisation application practice cases", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250613165124", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "cac.gov.cn source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-06/10/c_1751286506158221.htm?mc_cid=7b18358a76&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "Official source record dated 10 June 2025 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning China releases standardised guidelines for development and governance of intelligent society. See the linked cac.gov.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "China Meteorological Administration source on AI meteorological services", "url": "https://www.cma.gov.cn/gzk/202504/t20250429_7036854.html", "description": "Official source record dated 1 June 2025 for China (People's Republic of China) concerning CAC order on AI meteorological application services enters into force. See the linked cma.gov.cn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "CAC releases guidance on filing of facial recognition technology applications", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-05/30/c_1750315544241157.htm", "description": "根据《人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法》（国家互联网信息办公室、中华人民共和国公安部令第19号，以下简称《办法》）规定，现就开展人脸识别技术应用备案工作有关事项公告如下：", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 May 2025", "title": "China and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to build AI application cooperation centre", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202505/content_7025803.htm", "description": "“2025中国—上海合作组织人工智能合作论坛”29æ—¥åœ¨å¤©æ´¥å¬å¼€ã€‚è®ºå›å‘å¸ƒã€Šä¸­å›½â€”ä¸Šåˆç»„ç»‡å›½å®¶äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½åº”ç”¨åˆä½œä¸­å¿ƒå»ºè®¾æ–¹æ¡ˆã€‹ï¼Œé‚€è¯·ä¸Šåˆç»„ç»‡æˆå‘˜å›½å ±å»ºäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½åº”ç”¨åˆä½œä¸­å¿ƒï¼Œå›´ç»•å¤¯å®žäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å‘å±•åŸºç¡€ã€æä¾›å¼€æºå¼€æ”¾æœåŠ¡ã€åŠ å¼ºäº§ä¸šåˆä½œå¯¹æŽ¥ã€ä¿ƒè¿›äººæ‰åŸ¹è‚²ç­‰æ–¹é¢åŠ å¼ºåŠ¡å®žåˆä½œï¼Œå ±åŒä¿ƒè¿›äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½æŠ€æœ¯æ™®æƒ åº”ç”¨ã€‚", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 May 2025", "title": "China and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to build AI application cooperation centre", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202505/content_7025803.htm", "description": "“2025中国—上海合作组织人工智能合作论坛”29æ—¥åœ¨å¤©æ´¥å¬å¼€ã€‚è®ºå›å‘å¸ƒã€Šä¸­å›½â€”ä¸Šåˆç»„ç»‡å›½å®¶äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½åº”ç”¨åˆä½œä¸­å¿ƒå»ºè®¾æ–¹æ¡ˆã€‹ï¼Œé‚€è¯·ä¸Šåˆç»„ç»‡æˆå‘˜å›½å ±å»ºäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½åº”ç”¨åˆä½œä¸­å¿ƒï¼Œå›´ç»•å¤¯å®žäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å‘å±•åŸºç¡€ã€æä¾›å¼€æºå¼€æ”¾æœåŠ¡ã€åŠ å¼ºäº§ä¸šåˆä½œå¯¹æŽ¥ã€ä¿ƒè¿›äººæ‰åŸ¹è‚²ç­‰æ–¹é¢åŠ å¼ºåŠ¡å®žåˆä½œï¼Œå ±åŒä¿ƒè¿›äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½æŠ€æœ¯æ™®æƒ åº”ç”¨ã€‚", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "China’s Supreme People’s Court designates generative AI case as a \"Typical Case\"", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzNjk5MDczOQ==&mid=2247515886&idx=1&sn=ba96575734d243d52aeeabd5550f11c9&chksm=fb7877677605c6839f81f6bc4fb703f60406029fff20d023c5bd4a6a6f455bb8027a6dabef12&xtrack=1&scene=90&subscene=93&sessionid=1748313691&flutter_pos=0&clicktime=1748313693&enterid=1748313693&finder_biz_enter_id=4&ranksessionid=1748313640&jumppath=1001_1748313654168%2C1101_1748313655778%2C1001_1748313690944%2C50094_1748313692059&jumppathdepth=4&ascene=56&fasttmpl_type=0&fasttmpl_fullversion=7749428-en_US-zip&fasttmpl_flag=0&realreporttime=1748313693293&poc_token=HAq3PWijoReD4gY0Al90simEwTzG95Y7iryzPJpS", "description": "Primary source (mp.weixin.qq.com) dated 26 May 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 May 2025", "title": "China and Indonesia boost strategic coordination, including in AI", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202505/25/content_WS6832d6abc6d0868f4e8f2d43.html", "description": "JAKARTA, May 25 -- Chinese Premier Li Qiang said on Sunday that China is ready to work with Indonesia to elevate political mutual trust and strategic coordination between the two countries to a higher level.", "categories": [ "Transport", "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology opens consultation on communication standards and english translations covering AI evaluation and network infrastructure", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2025/art_5feed2b296264972b8c523cb18a7f93a.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 22 May 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "China and UK hold dialogue in Beijing, vowing to enhance exchange on global AI governance", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjdt_674879/sjxw_674887/202505/t20250520_11629125.shtml", "description": "2025å¹´5月20æ—¥ï¼Œä¸­è‹±äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å¯¹è¯åœ¨åŒ—äº¬ä¸¾è¡Œã€‚å¤–äº¤éƒ¨å†›æŽ§å¸å¸é•¿å­™æ™“æ³¢å’Œè‹±å›½å¤–äº¤å‘å±•éƒ¨ç§‘æŠ€å¸å¸é•¿ç¼æ–¯å ±åŒä¸»æŒï¼Œå›½å®¶å‘å±•æ”¹é©å§”ã€ç§‘æŠ€éƒ¨ã€å·¥ä¸šå’Œä¿¡æ¯åŒ–éƒ¨ã€å›½å®¶ç½‘ä¿¡åŠžåŠè‹±å›½ç§‘å­¦åˆ›æ–°å’ŒæŠ€æœ¯éƒ¨ã€å† é˜åŠžå ¬å®¤ã€å•†ä¸šè´¸æ˜“éƒ¨ã€é©»åŽä½¿é¦†å®˜å‘˜ç­‰å‚åŠ ã€‚", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "China President Xi meets Chile President Gabriel Boric", "url": "http://en.cppcc.gov.cn/2025-05/15/c_1092931.htm", "description": "Chinese President Xi Jinping meets with Chilean President Gabriel Boric, who is here for the fourth ministerial meeting of the China-CELAC (the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 14, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "China President Xi meets with Colombia President Gustavo Petro", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xw/zyxw/202505/t20250515_11623331.html", "description": "On the morning of May 14, 2025, President Xi Jinping met with President of Colombia Gustavo Petro, who is in China for the Fourth Ministerial Meeting of the China-CELAC Forum, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "President Xi unveils roadmap for deepening cooperation with LAC countries", "url": "http://en.cppcc.gov.cn/2025-05/14/c_1092366.htm", "description": "Chinese President Xi Jinping attends the opening ceremony of the fourth ministerial meeting of the China-CELAC (the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States) Forum and delivers a keynote speech at the China National Convention Center in Beijing, capital of China, May 13, 2025. [Photo/Xinhua]", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "China President Xi meets with Brazil President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/zyxw/202505/t20250514_11622738.html", "description": "On the afternoon of May 13, 2025, President Xi Jinping held talks with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who is on a state visit to China, at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "China and Brazil sign letter of intent on cooperation in digital economy investments", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/atos-adotados-por-ocasiao-da-visita-de-estado-do-presidente-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva-a-pequim-china-12-e-13-de-maio-de-2025/letter-of-intent-mdic-mofcom-digital-economy-portuguese.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gov.br) dated 13 May 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "CAC launches special campaign to \"clear up and rectify the abuse of AI technology\"", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/30/c_1747719097461951.htm", "description": "中央网信办有关负责人表示，本次专项行动分两个阶段开展。第一阶段强化AI技术源头治理，清理整治违规AI应用程序，加强AI生成合成技术和内容标识管理，推动网站平台提升检测鉴伪能力。第二阶段聚焦利用AI技术制作发布谣言、不实信息、色情低俗内容，假冒他人、从事网络水军活动等突出问题，集中清理相关违法不良信息，处置处罚违规账号、MCN机构和网站平台。", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 April 2025", "title": "President Xi urges promoting healthy, orderly development of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202504/content_7021072.htm", "description": "ä¸­å ±ä¸­å¤®æ”¿æ²»å±€4月25æ—¥ä¸‹åˆå°±åŠ å¼ºäººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å‘å±•å’Œç›‘ç®¡è¿›è¡Œç¬¬äºŒåæ¬¡é›†ä½“å­¦ä¹ ã€‚", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 April 2025", "title": "US Select Committee on CCP releases report on DeepSeek", "url": "https://selectcommitteeontheccp.house.gov/media/reports/deepseek-unmasked-exposing-ccps-latest-tool-spying-stealing-and-subverting-us-export", "description": "EXECUTIVE SUMMARY “Some in the industry have claimed that the U.S. holds an 18-month AI lead, but that obfuscates reality—it’s closer to three months.” – U.S. AI Executive", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "China clarifies chip import rules, impacting US firms with domestic fabs", "url": "https://www.cnfin.com/gs-lb/detail/20250411/4215694_1.html", "description": "新华财经北京4月11日电 中国半导体行业协会发布关于半导体产品“原产地”认定规则的紧急通知，根据海关总署的相关规定，“集成电路”原产地按照四位税则号改变原则认定，即流片地认定为原产地。请在申报时准备好PO证明材料，以备海关核查。具体规定，请大家认真学习《关于非优惠原产地规则中实质性改变标准的规定 海关总署122号令》的内容。中国半导体行业协会建议：“集成电路”无论已封装或未封装，进口报关时的原产地以“晶圆流片工厂”所在地为准进行申报。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "China - ASEAN AI lab established", "url": "https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/business/myeg-and-beitou-it-innovation-establish-flagship-china-asean-ai-lab", "description": "Malaysia's leading digital services company, MY E.G. Services Berhad (MyEG), has signed an agreement with Guangxi Beitou IT Innovation Technology Investment Group Co., Ltd. (Beitou IT Innovation) to jointly establish the Malaysia–China AI Innovation and Cooperation Centre as the flagship China–Asean AI Lab. This collaboration supports the vision of the Malaysian and Chinese governments to advance cooperation in artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Security Management Measures for the Application of Facial Recognition Technology", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-facial-recognition-security-measures/", "description": "Regulates facial recognition technology use in China, including through informed consent requirements, assessment requirements, storage and processing conditions, and certain outright prohibitions. Requires impact assessments and local filing for large volumes of facial recognition data. Delegates oversight and enforcement to cyberspace and public security authorities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "CAC issues Security Management Measures for Facial Recognition Technology Applications", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "《人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法》已经2024年9月30日国家互联网信息办公室2024年第23次室务会会议审议通过，并经公安部同意，现予公布，自2025年6月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "China issues measures for identification of synthetic content generated by AI", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm", "description": "为了促进人工智能健康发展，规范人工智能生成合成内容标识，保护公民、法人和其他组织合法权益，维护社会公共利益，国家互联网信息办公室、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家广播电视总局制定了《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》，现印发给你们，请认真遵照执行。", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 March 2025", "title": "China's top legislature plans for 34 new bills, with a focus on AI, data and digital economy", "url": "https://npcobserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-NPCSC-Work-Report_NON-FINAL_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (npcobserver.com) dated 10 March 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 March 2025", "title": "Beijing introduces mandatory AI education in elementary schools", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/ywdt/gzdt/202503/t20250308_4029252.html", "description": "3月7日，《北京市推进中小学人工智能教育工作方案（2025-2027年）》发布，明确自2025年秋季学期起，全市中小学将开设人工智能（AI）通识课程，每学年不少于8课时，覆盖小学至高中全学段。本市将探索高校与中学合作开展人工智能人才培育模式，打造人工智能教育高阶课程。", "categories": [ "Education" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "07 March 2025", "title": "Measures for Labeling of AI-Generated Synthetic Content", "url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/ai-labeling/", "description": "Requires clear labeling of AI-generated synthetic content in China through both explicit user-facing indicators and implicit metadata, mandates service providers and platforms to verify, disclose, and preserve such labels, and ensures compliance through regulatory oversight.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Changshu People's Court rules in a case that an AI-generated image is eligible for copyright protection", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/qKuRwkVFwGem8UaVjfyjiA?scene=25#wechat_redirect", "description": "在人工智能飞速发展的当下，生成式人工智能在各个领域被广泛应用，AI生成内容的知识产权归属等法律问题也成了一个热点问题。如何在数字文明时代为技术伦理与法律规制提供创新样本，是人民法院回应时代需求的应有之义。近期，常熟市人民法院审结江苏首例、全国第二例AIGC（人工智能生成内容）著作权纠纷一案。让我们来看看，法院是如何依法认定AIGC作品在何种条件下能够认定为《著作权法》意义上的作品，实现“人与科技”美美与共的？", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 March 2025", "title": "China cautions AI leaders to avoid travel to US", "url": "", "description": "Primary source (sj.com) dated 1 March 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 401", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 March 2025", "title": "China's upcoming \"two sessions\" expected to cover AI strategy", "url": "https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202503/01/content_WS67c244b0c6d0868f4e8f0274.html", "description": "BEIJING, Feb. 28 -- China will unveil its annual GDP growth target and policy arrangements for high-quality development at the upcoming national \"two sessions\" in Beijing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 February 2025", "title": "China and Laos to jointly build AI innovation cooperation center", "url": "https://eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/0EF5CUJJ.html", "description": "Primary source (eng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn) dated 24 February 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "China President Xi holds symposium with China tech leaders", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202502/content_7004103.htm", "description": "ä¸­å ±ä¸­å¤®æ€»ä¹¦è®°ã€å›½å®¶ä¸»å¸­ã€ä¸­å¤®å†›å§”ä¸»å¸­ä¹ è¿‘å¹³2月17日上午在京出席民营企业座谈会并发表重要讲话。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Hangzhou Internet Court issued a ruling finding artificial intelligence platform liable for copyright infringement (Case No. Zhejiang 0192 - Civil No 1587)", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU4NzExNTkyMQ==&mid=2247507667&idx=1&sn=c524cc81dff2bf48a3469f94173fa8b7&scene=25&ascene=60&devicetype=android-35&version=28003842&nettype=h2g2&abtest_cookie=AAACAA%3D%3D&lang=en&session_us=gh_512c7f738a36&countrycode=US&exportkey=n_ChQIAhIQVqEbFU3Qel6lUFUfvTmSHRLkAQIE97dBBAEAAAAAAPUIC7ifeLMAAAAOpnltbLcz9gKNyK89dVj0szNvVpdxYa4yL2j%2Bxzxnkln8fScT3fvqoxf3bPpwPzw79qGNAcaxztKTEupPeUjnFPKU0hzhoaeIPZQ5EmzgJdwRMZ1qxTsHEjMsTZoxvBB4iy9og0l30J%2FMiYclNo6MuY1bCfScbfphulkH3Mlj0U5ZCfe6jBivxtXkRyjYRWUeEKeBH36zntaymdQYBvjtvy34gSS0T5bqHhLKJYdQrzOvm0IN7BNAw7M%2FD6CK3jDZ4TR2apnMeb1e7GJkYA%3D%3D&pass_ticket=PWGM6uRv2tJ%2BIe1AeeXpOZ1uQGTVwnfUM7JiPfCXArERXSKAJTpoxrMP9BXrRz9V&wx_header=3", "description": "Primary source (mp.weixin.qq.com) dated 10 February 2025 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 January 2025", "title": "TC260 opens consultation on draft \"Artificial Intelligence Safety Standard System (V1.0)\"", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250124171028", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "TC260 opens consultation on draft coding rules for service providers of AI generated synthetic content identification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250122145616", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "TC260 opens consultation on draft coding rules for service providers of AI generated synthetic content identification", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20250122145616", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "National Development and Reform Commission releases guidelines to support data labelling industry in support of AI", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202501/t20250113_1395643.html", "description": "Primary source (ndrc.gov.cn): 【关于促进数据标注产业高质量发展的实施意见(发改数据〔2024〕1822号)】-国家发展和改革委员会.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "National Development and Reform Commission releases guidelines to support data labelling industry in support of AI", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/tz/202501/t20250113_1395643.html", "description": "Primary source (ndrc.gov.cn): 【关于促进数据标注产业高质量发展的实施意见(发改数据〔2024〕1822号)】-国家发展和改革委员会.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Network Data Security Management Regulation enters into force", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202409/content_6977766.htm", "description": "ã€Šç½‘ç»œæ•°æ®å®‰å ¨ç®¡ç†æ¡ä¾‹ã€‹å·²ç»2024å¹´8月30日国务院第40æ¬¡å¸¸åŠ¡ä¼šè®®é€šè¿‡ï¼ŒçŽ°äºˆå ¬å¸ƒï¼Œè‡ª2025å¹´1月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Network Data Security Management Regulation enters into force", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202409/content_6977766.htm", "description": "ã€Šç½‘ç»œæ•°æ®å®‰å ¨ç®¡ç†æ¡ä¾‹ã€‹å·²ç»2024å¹´8月30日国务院第40æ¬¡å¸¸åŠ¡ä¼šè®®é€šè¿‡ï¼ŒçŽ°äºˆå ¬å¸ƒï¼Œè‡ª2025å¹´1月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "China TC260 consults on cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for generative AI security emergency response", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20241217090747", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "China TC260 consults on cybersecurity standard practice guidelines for generative AI security emergency response", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20241217090747", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 December 2024", "title": "China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology established AI standards committee, including major tech companies", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 13 December 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 December 2024", "title": "China targets NVIDIA with antitrust probe", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/china-investigates-nvidia-over-suspected-violation-antimonopoly-law-2024-12-09/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 9 December 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "US announce sweeping set of export controls on China relating to chip-manufacturing equipment, memory, and software", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/commerce-strengthens-export-controls-restrict-chinas-capability-produce-advanced", "description": "Primary source (bis.gov) dated 2 December 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "24 November 2024", "title": "CAC announces special action to improve algorithmic transparency and fairness across internet platforms", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-11/24/c_1734143936205514.htm", "description": "《关于加强互联网信息服务算法综合治理的指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》）《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》等政策文件印发以来，各部门各地区加强组织推进，网站平台积极落实有关管理要求，算法应用生态日益规范，但仍存在一些需要持续加强治理的典型问题。为进一步深化互联网信息服务算法综合治理，现决定自即日起至2025年2月14日开展“清朗·网络平台算法典型问题治理”专项行动。有关工作方案如下：", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "China President Xi tells G20 Summit AI should not be a \"game of rich countries\"", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20241119/368e611184484791a8a2e06bc5b3db2c/c.html", "description": "RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday delivered an important speech at the Session II of the 19th G20 Summit under the title \"Working Together for a Fair and Equitable Global Governance System.\"", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "China President Xi tells G20 Summit AI should not be a \"game of rich countries\"", "url": "https://english.news.cn/20241119/368e611184484791a8a2e06bc5b3db2c/c.html", "description": "RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping on Monday delivered an important speech at the Session II of the 19th G20 Summit under the title \"Working Together for a Fair and Equitable Global Governance System.\"", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 November 2024", "title": "Biden and Xi discuss military AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/11/16/readout-of-president-joe-bidens-meeting-with-president-xi-jinping-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-3/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 16 November 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 November 2024", "title": "China and Singapore strengthen bilateral ties, covering AI", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2024/11/PM-Meeting-with-President-Xi", "description": "Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Lawrence Wong met with People’s Republic of China President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the 31st Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic ...", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "US ordered TSMC to halt shipments to China of chips used in AI applications", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-ordered-tsmc-halt-shipments-china-chips-used-ai-applications-source-says-2024-11-10/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 10 November 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 October 2024", "title": "China issues regulations on export control of dual-use items, expected to affect AI sector", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202410/content_6981399.htm", "description": "ã€Šä¸­åŽäººæ°‘å ±å’Œå›½ä¸¤ç”¨ç‰©é¡¹å‡ºå£ç®¡åˆ¶æ¡ä¾‹ã€‹å·²ç»2024å¹´9月18日国务院第41æ¬¡å¸¸åŠ¡ä¼šè®®é€šè¿‡ï¼ŒçŽ°äºˆå ¬å¸ƒï¼Œè‡ª2024å¹´12月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "MIIT releases draft industry standards for technical requirements on AI office large model systems", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2024/art_6caf756fd2c64392a26b75d0b64aa48f.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 14 October 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "ASEAN-China Free Trade Area 3.0 upgrade negotiations conclude, covering AI", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2024/10/Singapore-Substantially-Concludes-The-Asean-China-Free-Trade-Area-3-0-Upgrade-Negotiations", "description": "This article has been migrated from an earlier version of the site and may display formatting inconsistencies.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "Colombia and China sign memorandum of understanding on ICT cooperation", "url": "https://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/inicio/Sala-de-prensa/Noticias/395933:Colombia-y-China-firman-Memorando-de-Entendimiento-para-impulsar-la-cooperacion-en-el-sector-TIC", "description": "Hoy, en las instalaciones del Ministerio TIC, se firmó un Memorando de Entendimiento (MOU) entre Colombia y China, para compartir conocimientos en el ámbito de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC). Este acuerdo, suscrito con el Ministerio de Industria y Tecnologías de la Información (MIIT) de China, está enfocado en áreas clave como la conectividad, inteligencia artificial y economía digital.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "Colombia and China sign memorandum of understanding on ICT cooperation", "url": "https://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/inicio/Sala-de-prensa/Noticias/395933:Colombia-y-China-firman-Memorando-de-Entendimiento-para-impulsar-la-cooperacion-en-el-sector-TIC", "description": "Hoy, en las instalaciones del Ministerio TIC, se firmó un Memorando de Entendimiento (MOU) entre Colombia y China, para compartir conocimientos en el ámbito de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC). Este acuerdo, suscrito con el Ministerio de Industria y Tecnologías de la Información (MIIT) de China, está enfocado en áreas clave como la conectividad, inteligencia artificial y economía digital.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 September 2024", "title": "CAC proposes new regulation on labelling AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-09/14/c_1728000680671017.htm", "description": "根据国家标准化管理委员会标准制修订计划，中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室已组织完成了《网络安全技术 人工智能生成合成内容标识方法》国家标准的征求意见稿，现公开征求意见。请于2024年11月13日前将意见反馈给组织起草部门。", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework version 1.0 released", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-09-09/1725849192841090989.pdf", "description": "Primary source (tc260.org.cn) dated 9 September 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/x-msdownload)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "China and UN collaborate on AI capacity building at Shanghai workshop", "url": "https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202409/05/WS66d994b6a3103711928a64b5.html", "description": "A workshop jointly hosted by China and the United Nations to foster international cooperation in artificial intelligence (AI) capacity building began in Shanghai on Sept 3. The event, which will last through Sept 6, has brought together key stakeholders and experts to deliberate on the transformative potential of AI and the imperative of global collaboration in navigating its development and governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "China and Russia announce cooperation on AI", "url": "https://ai.gov.ru/mediacenter/rossiya-i-kitay-dogovorilis-aktivizirovat-sotrudnichestvo-v-sfere-ii/", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.ru) dated 22 August 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "China and Russia announce cooperation on AI", "url": "https://ai.gov.ru/mediacenter/rossiya-i-kitay-dogovorilis-aktivizirovat-sotrudnichestvo-v-sfere-ii/", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.ru) dated 22 August 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 August 2024", "title": "CAC approves 487 deepfake algorithms", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 6 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "MIIT launches consultation into AI and manufacturing", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tz/art/2024/art_eb70e19c3b75499ea7b7e67b7114354c.html?mc_cid=8d8c60899e&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "为深入贯彻习近平总书记关于新型工业化的重要论述，落实党中央、国务院关于人工智能赋能新型工业化的决策部署，全方位、深层次、高水平推进人工智能赋能新型工业化，加强典型经验总结和优秀案例推广，打造行业应用标杆，现组织开展人工智能赋能新型工业化典型应用案例征集工作。有关事项通知如下：", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "CAC names and shames agents offering unauthorised access to ChatGPT in China", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 24 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "CAC names and shames agents offering unauthorised access to ChatGPT in China", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 24 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "CAC mandates large AI developers to undergo government review of AI models", "url": "https://www.ft.com/content/10975044-f194-4513-857b-e17491d2a9e9", "description": "News report (ft.com, 17 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "CAC mandates large AI developers to undergo government review of AI models", "url": "https://www.ft.com/content/10975044-f194-4513-857b-e17491d2a9e9", "description": "News report (ft.com, 17 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 July 2024", "title": "China issues Shanghai Declaration on Global AI Governance", "url": "http://www.chinaview.cn/20240704/b1ca8d45f8f54ba9b954fcd969a2304f/c.html", "description": "SHANGHAI, July 4 (Xinhua) -- The 2024 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance on Thursday issued Shanghai Declaration on Global AI Governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "CAC Guidelines for the Construction of a National Comprehensive Standardisation System for the Artificial Intelligence Industry adopted", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-07/03/c_1721686809220407.htm", "description": "为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，加强人工智能标准化工作系统谋划，工业和信息化部、中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室、国家发展和改革委员会、国家标准化管理委员会组织编制了《国家人工智能产业综合标准化体系建设指南（2024版）》。现印发给你们，请结合实际，抓好贯彻落实。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "China-led resolution on AI passes in United Nations", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 2 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "China-led resolution on AI passes in United Nations", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 2 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 July 2024", "title": "China launches consultation into brain computer interface standards", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2024/art_eabe708aaa1649b0a8c032c076615333.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 1 July 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 July 2024", "title": "China launches consultation into brain computer interface standards", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/wjgs/art/2024/art_eabe708aaa1649b0a8c032c076615333.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 1 July 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 June 2024", "title": "China opens consultation on AI technical standards across 12 industries", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2024/art_3248109ea5854d9394a73056c78bea5c.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 25 June 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 June 2024", "title": "China opens consultation on AI technical standards across 12 industries", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2024/art_3248109ea5854d9394a73056c78bea5c.html", "description": "Primary source (miit.gov.cn) dated 25 June 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "China launches new three year action plan that targets AI standards", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-05/29/c_1718573626118437.htm", "description": "Primary source (cac.gov.cn): 信息化标准建设行动计划（2024—2027年）_中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "China launches new three year action plan that targets AI standards", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-05/29/c_1718573626118437.htm", "description": "Primary source (cac.gov.cn): 信息化标准建设行动计划（2024—2027年）_中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "China opens consultation on TC260 draft standard Basic Requirements for Security of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services of Cybersecurity Technology", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240523143149&norm_id=20240430101922&recode_id=55010&mc_cid=3ba233409b&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "National Standard of the People’s Republic of China: Cybersecurity Technology – Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Draft for Feedback)", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/t0603_China_gen_AI_safety_standard_draft_EN.pdf", "description": "Establishes safety and security requirements for generative AI services and service providers. Requires data filtering, intellectual property management, personal information protection, and secure model output with an emphasis on preventing AI systems from generating detrimental content. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Top US and Chinese officials begin talks on AI in Geneva", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/05/15/statement-from-nsc-spokesperson-adrienne-watson-on-the-u-s-prc-talks-on-ai-risk-and-safety-2/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 16 May 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Top US and Chinese officials begin talks on AI in Geneva", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/05/15/statement-from-nsc-spokesperson-adrienne-watson-on-the-u-s-prc-talks-on-ai-risk-and-safety-2/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 16 May 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "China and France release joint declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202405/1311822.shtml", "description": "News report (globaltimes.cn, 7 May 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "China and France release joint declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202405/1311822.shtml", "description": "News report (globaltimes.cn, 7 May 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "China-African Union Statement for Increased Cooperation in AI adopted", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-04/03/c_1713731793084792.htm", "description": "人工智能是人类发展新领域。当前，全球人工智能技术快速发展，对经济社会发展和人类文明进步产生深远影响，给世界带来巨大机遇。2023年，中国国家主席习近平宣布中方提出《全球人工智能治理倡议》，这是中方积极践行人类命运共同体理念，落实全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议的具体行动。非洲是科技进步的重要参与者，人工智能的发展和应用，对包括中国和非洲国家在内的广大发展中国家具有重要意义。我们充分认识到加强中非人工智能合作的必要性，愿秉持平等相待、真诚友好、合作共赢、共同发展的初心，坚持以人为本、智能向善、公平开放，深化中非人工智能领域友好合作，进一步推动中非全面战略合作伙伴关系高水平发展。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "China opens consultation into data security specifications for generative AI training", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/bzzqyjDetail.html?id=20240403111339&norm_id=20231220160618&recode_id=54516", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Scholars release draft \"Artificial Intelligence Law (Scholar's Suggestion Draft)\"", "url": "http://www.fxcxw.org.cn/dyna/content.php?id=26910", "description": "2024 年3月16日上午，“AI善治论坛 人工智能法律治理前瞻”专题研讨会在北京友谊宾馆顺利举办，会议发布了《中华人民共和国人工智能法（学者建议稿）》，起草专家组由中国政法大学数据法治研究院、西北政法大学法治学院、中国信息通信研究院、北京航空航天大学法学院、华东政法大学数字法治研究院、西南政法大学科技法学研究院、中南政法大学知识产权研究中心七家单位的专家组成。来自北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、中国人民公安大学、中国社会科学院、对外经济贸易大学、北京电子科技学院等二十余所全国高校的专家学者出席了此次会议。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "China calls for United Nations to advance AI to protect children's rights", "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202403/15/WS65f36a45a31082fc043bcb67.html", "description": "GENEVA -- A Chinese diplomat on Thursday called for advancing high-quality development of artificial intelligence (AI) to help promote children's mental health and protect their rights at the 55th session of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held here.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "China's cyberspace regulator launches campaign to oversee AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.ecns.cn/news/sci-tech/2024-03-15/detail-ihcyptyk0579386.shtml", "description": "China's cyberspace regulator will conduct a special campaign to regulate content generated by artificial intelligence (AI) on the internet. Analysts said that the campaign is in line with the country's efforts to boost AI development while safeguarding cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "China calls for United Nations to advance AI to protect children's rights", "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202403/15/WS65f36a45a31082fc043bcb67.html", "description": "GENEVA -- A Chinese diplomat on Thursday called for advancing high-quality development of artificial intelligence (AI) to help promote children's mental health and protect their rights at the 55th session of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council held here.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 March 2024", "title": "AI initiatives discussed at annual legislative meeting", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 11 March 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 March 2024", "title": "TC260 publishes basic security requirements for generative AI services", "url": "https://bnnbreaking.com/tech/china-sets-new-security-standards-for-generative-ai-services-tc260s-latest-guidelines", "description": "Primary source (bnnbreaking.com) dated 5 March 2024 in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 500", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 March 2024", "title": "China calls for participation in 'Standard Compilation for Basic Security Requirements of Generative AI Services in Cybersecurity Technology'", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240304095603", "description": "赛西,北京赛西,赛西科技,标准数字化,赛西标准,ITSS,两化融合,检测认证,标准智能服务,知识产权,电子标准,电子国家标准", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "Technical Documentation of National Technical Committee 260 on Cybersecurity of Standardization Administration of China: Basic Safety Requirements for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-safety-requirements-for-generative-ai-final/", "description": "Specifies safety requirements for generative AI services, focusing on corpus and model safety. Requires providers to conduct safety assessments and adhere to cybersecurity, data security, and personal information protection laws. Emphasizes preventing illegal content and ensuring model-generated content accuracy and reliability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false }, { "date": "25 February 2024", "title": "US and China agree to map out framework for developing AI responsibly", "url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-25/china-united-states-artificial-intelligence-ai-regulations/103477338", "description": "There have been tentative steps towards AI regulations but a lot of the work is still to be done. ( AP: Michael Dwyer, file )", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 February 2024", "title": "US and China agree to map out framework for developing AI responsibly", "url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-25/china-united-states-artificial-intelligence-ai-regulations/103477338", "description": "There have been tentative steps towards AI regulations but a lot of the work is still to be done. ( AP: Michael Dwyer, file )", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2024", "title": "China approves 14 large language models and enterprise applications", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com, 29 January 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 October 2023", "title": "Global AI Governance Initiative", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-10/18/c_1699291032884978.htm", "description": "Calls for global cooperation to enhance AI governance, prevent risks, and ensure equitable access. Opposes AI misuse, disinformation, and sovereignty violations. Promotes ethical principles, legal frameworks, and equal rights in AI development. Encourages international collaboration, especially supporting developing countries.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "08 October 2023", "title": "(Trial) Measures for Science and Technology Ethics Reviews", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-science-ethics-review-trial-measures/", "description": "Regulates the circumstances under which ethics reviews for AI-related research must be conducted and review processes. Requires organizations conducting research involving potentially ethically problematic scientific research to establish ethics review committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 July 2023", "title": "Remarks by Ambassador Zhang Jun at the UN Security Council Briefing on Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Risks for International Peace and Security", "url": "http://un.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/hyyfy/202307/t20230719_11114947.htm", "description": "Emphasizes the need for AI governance with principles prioritizing ethics, safety, fairness, openness, and peaceful use. Advocates for global cooperation, especially through the UN, to develop inclusive AI policies. Opposes technological hegemony and emphasizes China's commitment to responsible AI development and international collaboration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 July 2023", "title": "China finalizes first-of-its-kind rules governing generative A.I. services like ChatGPT", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/13/china-introduces-rules-governing-generative-ai-services-like-chatgpt.html", "description": "News report (cnbc.com, 13 July 2023) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 July 2023", "title": "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/generative-ai-interim/", "description": "Regulates generative AI services in mainland China, emphasizing legal compliance, societal ethics, and security. Encourages innovation while preventing discrimination and protecting personal information. Mandates providers to ensure content accuracy, transparency, and user privacy. Enforces penalties for non-compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 May 2023", "title": "Measures of Beijing Municipality on Promoting the Innovative Development of Artificial General Intelligence", "url": "https://english.beijing.gov.cn/investinginbeijing/WhyBeijing/lawpolicy/policies/202307/t20230724_3205629.html", "description": "Promotes Beijing's AGI sector growth by boosting computing power, enhancing high-quality data supply, exploring large models, and fostering AGI applications in various sectors. Establishes regulatory policies for secure advancement, emphasizing innovation, risk prevention, security, and principles management in AI activities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 April 2023", "title": "Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Draft for Comment)", "url": "https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-artificial-intelligence-services-draft-for-comment-april-2023/", "description": "Requires AI-generated content in China to meet a series of criteria, including accuracy, intellectual property protection, and respect for individual privacy; also requires AI developers to perform security assessments on their generative AI systems and submit those assessments to regulators.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "04 April 2023", "title": "(Trial) Measures for Science and Technology Ethics Reviews (Draft for Feedback)", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/t0611_science_ethics_trial_measures_draft_EN.pdf", "description": "Establishes ethics review committees for S&T activities, including AI, to assess ethical risks. Requires committees to follow principles of independence and transparency and create emergency review procedures and high-risk AI activities. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 February 2023", "title": "The Global Security Initiative Concept Paper", "url": "http://cr.china-embassy.gov.cn/esp/ndle/202302/t20230222_11029046.htm", "description": "Strengthens international AI security governance and risk management. Promotes dialogue on military applications and ethical governance. Advocates for international AI security mechanisms, governance frameworks, standards, and norms with broad participation and consensus.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2022", "title": "Provisions on the Administration of Deep Synthesis Internet Information Services", "url": "https://www.chinalawtranslate.com/en/deep-synthesis/", "description": "Subjects deep synthesis technology in China to a variety of regulations, including restrictions on false or otherwise unwanted content, sending notification to individuals if their biometric information is being edited, and labelling deep synthesis content. Mandates security assessments and implementation of security measures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 November 2022", "title": "Position Paper of the People's Republic of China on Strengthening Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zy/wjzc/202405/t20240531_11367525.html", "description": "Calls for prioritizing AI ethics and establishing rules, norms, and accountability mechanisms. Emphasizes AI safety, reliability, and human control in R&D. Prohibits unlawful AI use and strengthens privacy protections. Promotes international cooperation and shared AI benefits while opposing exclusionary practices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 November 2022", "title": "Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on Promoting the Artificial Intelligence Industry", "url": "https://sf.sz.gov.cn/fggzywyb/content/post_11216296.html#:~:text=Article%2037%20Shenzhen%20Municipal%20People's,products%20and%20new%20AI%20models.", "description": "Establishes a coordination mechanism to balance AI development and safety, promotes standardized industry development and public data sharing, encourages innovation through international cooperation, and mandates ethical AI usage principles. Implements tiered AI risk assessment and supervision strategies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 October 2022", "title": "Regulations for the Promotion of the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry in Shanghai Municipality", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/regulations-for-the-promotion-of-the-development-of-the-artificial-intelligence-industry-in-shanghai-municipality/", "description": "Promotes high-quality AI industry development, integration with economy and urban governance, and international influence. Requires municipal governments to lead AI strategies and innovation. Supports infrastructure, algorithm innovation, data usage, and ethical AI practices. Encourages AI application in various sectors and strengthens governance and security.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 March 2022", "title": "Opinion on Strengthening Science and Technology Ethics Governance", "url": "https://ai-ethics-and-governance.institute/2022/03/22/china-released-opinion-on-strengthening-the-ethics-and-governance-in-science-and-technology/", "description": "Strengthens governance and ethics in AI by establishing legal systems, ethical principles, and review mechanisms. Requires risk assessment, transparency, and compliance with national and international standards. Promotes education and awareness, ensuring responsible AI innovation and preventing ethical violations. Enhances global cooperation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 March 2022", "title": "Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-science-ethics-opinions/", "description": "Requires work units engaged in S&T activities in AI and other areas to establish S&T ethics review committees and commits the government to formulating S&T ethics norms and guidelines for areas such as AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "01 March 2022", "title": "Internet Information Service Algorithmic Recommendation Management Provisions", "url": "https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-internet-information-service-algorithmic-recommendation-management-provisions-effective-march-1-2022/", "description": "Regulates algorithmic recommendation services in China, emphasizing security, transparency, and rights of users. Mandates providers prevent harmful information dissemination, protect user rights, and ensure algorithmic accountability, with penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022", "title": "Wuhan Smart Connected Vehicle Road Testing and Demonstration Application Management Rules (Trial)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm", "description": "Jointly issued by the Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology, Wuhan Public Security Bureau, and Wuhan Municipal Transportation Bureau (Document No. 武经信[2022]89), these trial rules govern road testing and commercial demonstration of autonomous and connected vehicles in Wuhan. The regulations specify application procedures, safety requirements, testing zones, incident reporting obligations, and liability frameworks for operators of intelligent connected vehicles. Wuhan is one of China's leading autonomous driving pilot cities, hosting operations by robotaxi companies including Apollo/Baidu.", "categories": [ "Autonomous Systems", "Transportation", "Risk Management", "National Strategy", "AI Governance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 December 2021", "title": "Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China on Regulating Military Applications of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "http://geneva.china-mission.gov.cn/eng/dbdt/202112/t20211213_10467517.htm", "description": "Calls countries to regulate military AI applications, ensuring responsible development, compliance with international law, and prevention of arms races. Encourages international cooperation, emphasizes human oversight, and promotes ethical AI use to avoid misuse and maintain global strategic stability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2021", "title": "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Ethics Standards (新一代人工智能伦理规范)", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/202109/t20210926_177063.html", "description": "China's Ministry of Science and Technology issued the New Generation AI Ethics Standards to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI systems in China. The document establishes six ethical principles: enhancing human welfare, promoting fairness and justice, protecting privacy and security, ensuring controllability and trustworthiness, strengthening accountability, and improving ethical literacy. It applies to both domestic and international AI activities involving Chinese entities and provides a framework for managing ethical risks across the AI lifecycle, from design and development to deployment and maintenance.", "categories": [ "AI Governance", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Transparency & Explainability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2021", "title": "Ethical Norms for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ai-ethics-and-governance.institute/2021/09/27/the-ethical-norms-for-the-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-china/", "description": "Outlines six general guiding principles and 18 specific ethical requirements for fair, safe, and accountable AI development in China.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 July 2021", "title": "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics (Draft for Feedback)", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/t0613_science_ethics_opinions_draft_EN.pdf", "description": "Outlines guiding ideology and basic requirements to strengthen ethical S&T governance and self-reliance, emphasizes AI ethical risk assessment, transparency and compliance, and education. Requires universities and businesses to establish ethics review committees for high-risk AI activities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "date": "05 August 2020", "title": "National New Generation AI Standards System Construction Guide", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/t0401_AI_standards_guidelines_EN.pdf", "description": "Establishes a comprehensive AI standards system emphasizing basic, security, ethical, and industry-specific standards. Targets development in areas like machine learning, natural language processing, smart vehicles, and healthcare. Prioritizes international cooperation, security, and ethical considerations by 2023.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 June 2019", "title": "Governance Principles for a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence: Develop Responsible Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-chinese-expert-group-offers-governance-principles-for-responsible-ai/", "description": "Provides eight aspirational principles for the responsible development of artificial intelligence, stressing the importance of fairness, security, privacy, and amicable cooperation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 July 2017", "title": "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan", "url": "https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/full-translation-chinas-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-development-plan-2017/", "description": "Aims to establish China as an AI leader by 2030. Promotes AI integration, key technology development, and military-civilian integration. Sets strategic objectives, standards, and regulations. Supports talent cultivation, international cooperation, and governance structures for implementation and evaluation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 July 2017", "title": "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (国务院关于印发新一代人工智能发展规划的通知)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-07/20/content_5211996.htm", "description": "Issued by China's State Council as Guofa [2017] No. 35, this landmark plan set China's goal to become the world's primary AI innovation centre by 2030. It outlined a three-step roadmap: by 2020, match the leading AI nations; by 2025, achieve major breakthroughs in AI theory and technology; by 2030, attain world-leading status. The plan identified AI as a strategic technology and called for investment across foundational research, key technologies, infrastructure, and talent development. It also addressed AI governance, data resources, and international standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "AI Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 December 2016", "title": "The position paper submitted by the Chinese delegation to CCW 5th Review Conference", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074927/https://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/DD1551E60648CEBBC125808A005954FA/$file/China%27s+Position+Paper.pdf", "description": "Urges international consensus on defining lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS), emphasizing human involvement. Advocates for LAWS regulation under international humanitarian law and supports a legally binding protocol. Warns of LAWS' risks, urging caution to prevent civilian harm. Supports continued CCW discussions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Trial Measures for Ethical Review and Service of Artificial Intelligence Technology (2026)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/wjfb/art/2026/art_2995f16b28504ddcbb604e918eb15759.html", "description": "各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团工业和信息化、发展改革、教育、科技、农业农村、卫生健康、网信主管部门、科协，中国人民银行上海总部，各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市分行，中国科学院院属各单位，各有关单位 ：", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Administrative Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services (2026)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/03/c_1776952992709096.htm", "description": "为了促进数字虚拟人信息服务健康发展和规范应用，根据《中华人民共和国网络安全法》、《中华人民共和国数据安全法》、《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》、《互联网信息服务管理办法》等法律、行政法规，国家互联网信息办公室起草了《数字虚拟人信息服务管理办法（征求意见稿）》，现向社会公开征求意见。公众可通过以下途径和方式提出反馈意见：", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Classification of Online Information that May Affect the Physical and Mental Health of Minors (2026)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-01/23/c_1770728781060093.htm", "description": "各省、自治区、直辖市互联网信息办公室、新闻出版局、电影主管部门、教育厅（局）、通信管理局、公安厅（局）、文化和旅游厅（局）、广播电视局，新疆生产建设兵团互联网信息办公室、新闻出版局、电影主管部门、教育局、公安局、文化体育广电和旅游局：", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Interim Measures for the Administration of Humanized Interactive Services Based on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/27/c_1768571207311996.htm", "description": "为了促进人工智能拟人化互动服务健康发展和规范应用，依据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国网络安全法》《中华人民共和国数据安全法》等法律法规，国家互联网信息办公室起草了《人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法（征求意见稿）》，现向社会公开征求意见。公众可通过以下途径和方式提出反馈意见：", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Security Management Measures for Facial Recognition Technology Applications (2025)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "《人脸识别技术应用安全管理办法》已经2024年9月30日国家互联网信息办公室2024年第23次室务会会议审议通过，并经公安部同意，现予公布，自2025年6月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Network Data Security Management Regulation (2024)", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202409/content_6977766.htm", "description": "ã€Šç½‘ç»œæ•°æ®å®‰å ¨ç®¡ç†æ¡ä¾‹ã€‹å·²ç»2024å¹´8月30日国务院第40æ¬¡å¸¸åŠ¡ä¼šè®®é€šè¿‡ï¼ŒçŽ°äºˆå ¬å¸ƒï¼Œè‡ª2025å¹´1月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Measures for Identification of Synthetic Content Generated by AI (2025)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm", "description": "为了促进人工智能健康发展，规范人工智能生成合成内容标识，保护公民、法人和其他组织合法权益，维护社会公共利益，国家互联网信息办公室、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家广播电视总局制定了《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》，现印发给你们，请认真遵照执行。", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Draft Basic Security Requirements for Generative AI Service (2023)", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2023-10-11/1697008495851003865.pdf", "description": "Primary source (tc260.org.cn) in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/x-msdownload)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Administrative Measures for Generative Artificial Intelligence Services (Generative AI Regulation) (2023)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm", "description": "《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》已经2023年5月23日国家互联网信息办公室2023年第12次室务会会议审议通过，并经国家发展和改革委员会、教育部、科学技术部、工业和信息化部、公安部、国家广播电视总局同意，现予公布，自2023年8月15日起施行。", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Administrative Provisions on Deep Synthesis in Internet Information Services (Deep Synthesis Technology Provisions) (2022)", "url": "http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-12/11/c_1672221949354811.htm", "description": "《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》已经2022年11月3日国家互联网信息办公室2022年第21次室务会议审议通过，并经工业和信息化部、公安部同意，现予公布，自2023年1月10日起施行。", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Administrative Provisions on Recommendation Algorithms in Internet Information Services (Recommendation Algorithms Provisions) (2022)", "url": "http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-01/04/content_5666429.htm", "description": "《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》已经2021å¹´11月16æ—¥å›½å®¶äº’è”ç½‘ä¿¡æ¯åŠžå ¬å®¤2021年第20æ¬¡å®¤åŠ¡ä¼šè®®å®¡è®®é€šè¿‡ï¼Œå¹¶ç»å·¥ä¸šå’Œä¿¡æ¯åŒ–éƒ¨ã€å ¬å®‰éƒ¨ã€å›½å®¶å¸‚åœºç›‘ç£ç®¡ç†æ€»å±€åŒæ„ï¼ŒçŽ°äºˆå ¬å¸ƒï¼Œè‡ª2022å¹´3月1日起施行。", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/cms/pub/interact/downloadfile.jsp?filepath=ZBWvETi1XzcBKtOIkqelkNXiKOSmKHImQfc7M~8F409/OR6CPUwaRxTO2mkOs3CF/gQmF5FJOo4Xgq2vdWz0EDEjTcORl73kmCTdYOvdSjs=&fText=%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%86%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E3%80%8B2.0%E7%89%88", "description": "Primary source (cac.gov.cn) in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cac.gov.cn', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Guidelines for the Construction of a National Comprehensive Standardization System for the Artificial Intelligence Industry (2024)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-07/03/c_1721686809220407.htm", "description": "为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，加强人工智能标准化工作系统谋划，工业和信息化部、中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室、国家发展和改革委员会、国家标准化管理委员会组织编制了《国家人工智能产业综合标准化体系建设指南（2024版）》。现印发给你们，请结合实际，抓好贯彻落实。", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI Security Governance Framework version 1.0", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-09-09/1725849192841090989.pdf", "description": "Primary source (tc260.org.cn) in CN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/x-msdownload)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Why the real AI race is within China and not across the Pacific (3 December 2025)", "url": "", "description": "News report (scmp.com) regarding AI policy activity in CN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — SB 1047 with Socialist Characteristics: China’s Algorithm Registry in the LLM Era (14 November 2024)", "url": "https://www.chinatalk.media/p/sb-1047-with-socialist-characteristics?r=2r50og&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web", "description": "ChinaTalk first covered China’s algorithm registry nearly two years ago , back when it was a freshly minted, relatively untested apparatus. How has the system evolved since then? Pseudonymous contributor Bit Wise fills us in.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "China Generative AI Interim Measures — Comparison of Draft and Final Versions (April 2024)", "url": "https://fpf.org/blog/chinas-interim-measures-for-the-management-of-generative-ai-services-a-comparison-between-the-final-and-draft-versions-of-the-text/", "description": "The following is a guest post to the FPF blog by Yirong Sun, research fellow at the New York University School of Law Guarini Institute for Global Legal Studies at NYU School of Law: Global Law & Tech and Jingxian Zeng, research fellow at the University of Hong Kong Philip K. H. Wong Centre for Chinese Law. The guest blog reflects the opinion of the authors only. Guest blog posts do not necessarily reflect the views of FPF.", "categories": [], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Four things to know about China's new AI rules in 2024 (17 January 2024)", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/01/17/1086704/china-ai-regulation-changes-2024/", "description": "Chinese regulators have advanced multiple measures addressing AI governance, including copyright for AI-generated content, safety reviews for AI services, and algorithmic recommendation regulations. See linked source for full analysis.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — What the U.S. Can Learn From China About Regulating AI (12 September 2023)", "url": "https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/09/12/ai-artificial-intelligence-regulation-law-china-us-schumer-congress/?fbclid=IwAR2v09_XKGfNrT7Vgpi-0NOYhdJJbEMmEtXws5hqTqG4aHGyvU9lAe2KDUo", "description": "On Sept. 13, U.S. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer will hold a closed-door AI Insight Forum to inform how Congress should approach regulating artificial intelligence. Among the attendees will be Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, as well as representatives from U.S. labor and civil society organizations.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "China's AI Regulations — Carnegie Endowment Analysis (July 2023)", "url": "https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/07/10/china-s-ai-regulations-and-how-they-get-made-pub-90117", "description": "Beijing is leading the way in AI regulation, releasing groundbreaking new strategies to govern algorithms, chatbots, and more. Global partners need a better understanding of what, exactly, this regulation entails, what it says about China’s AI priorities, and what lessons other AI regulators can learn.", "categories": [], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "China's State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration released three national standards to improve generative AI s", "url": "", "description": "China's State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration released three national standards to improve generative AI security: · Generative AI data annotation security specification · Security specification for generative AI pre-training and fine-tuning data · Basic security requirements for generative AI service", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 September 2024", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework (China)", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "Guidelines for ethical, secure AI development in China; aligns with Global AI Governance Initiative.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 August 2023", "title": "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services (China)", "url": "https://www.anecdotes.ai/learn/ai-regulations-in-2025-us-eu-uk-japan-china-and-more", "description": "China's regulation requiring lawful data use, content labeling, content moderation, security, and alignment with socialist values for generative AI services.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 December 2025", "title": "Interim Measures for the Administration of Artificial Intelligence Anthropomorphic Interaction Services (Draft for Comment)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/27/c_1768571207311996.htm", "description": "This regulation applies to AI products and services that use artificial intelligence technology to simulate human personality traits, thinking patterns, and communication styles to provide emotional interaction with the public through text, images, audio, and video. Covers service provider obligations including security, data protection, and algorithm accountability; user protection measures such as mental health monitoring, addiction prevention, and safeguards for minors and the elderly; training data requirements; content prohibitions; and security assessment obligations.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 April 2026", "title": "人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法 (Interim Measures for the Administration of AI Anthropomorphic Interactive Services)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558395023172.htm", "description": "Provisional measures governing AI anthropomorphic interaction services, jointly released by five departments (国家网信办、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部、公安部、市场监管总局). Promotes healthy development and standardizes applications of AI services that simulate human personality traits. Providers must not generate content endangering national security, inciting subversion, or harming minors. Establishes safety management obligations, protections for minors and elderly, personal information handling requirements, security assessments, and algorithm registration. Encourages innovation in cultural dissemination and elderly care under a human-centered principle.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "数字虚拟人信息服务管理办法（征求意见稿）- Management Measures for Digital Virtual Human Information Services (Draft)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/03/c_1776952992709096.htm", "description": "Proposed management measures for digital virtual human services in China. Defines digital virtual humans as virtual entities simulated using AI technologies that mimic human appearance, voice, behavior, and interaction. Requires consent for using personal sensitive information in virtual human modeling. Prohibits infringement on portrait rights, reputation, privacy, and IP. Mandates persistent digital human identification labels, data security obligations, risk monitoring mechanisms, user complaint systems, and algorithm filing for services with public influence. Comment deadline: May 6, 2026.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "清朗·整治AI技术滥用专项行动 (Clear and Transparent - AI Technology Misuse Rectification Special Action)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-04/30/c_1747719097461951.htm", "description": "Central Cyber Office special action addressing AI technology misuse. Phase 1 targets six problem areas: unauthorized AI products, tutorials/tools for violations, training data mismanagement, weak security measures, missing content labels, and safety risks in key sectors like healthcare and finance. Phase 2 focuses on AI-generated rumors, misinformation, explicit content, impersonation, fake engagement operations, illegal apps, and harms to minors. Duration 3 months. Goal is to regulate AI services and applications and promote healthy industry development.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "清朗·整治AI技术滥用专项行动（清晰透明——人工智能技术滥用整治专项行动）", "description_zh": "中央网络办公室针对人工智能技术滥用问题采取特别行动。第一阶段针对六个问题领域：未经授权的人工智能产品、违规教程/工具、培训数据管理不善、安全措施薄弱、内容标签缺失以及医疗保健和金融等关键领域的安全风险。第二阶段重点关注人工智能生成的谣言、错误信息、露骨内容、冒充、虚假参与操作、非法应用程序以及对未成年人的伤害。持续时间3个月。目标是规范人工智能服务和应用，促进产业健康发展。" }, { "date": "10 April 2026", "title": "《人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法》答记者问 (Official Q&A on AI Anthropomorphic Interaction Services)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558395284407.htm", "description": "Official Q&A from China Cyberspace Administration explaining the AI Anthropomorphic Interaction Services regulation effective July 15, 2026. Covers regulation background, scope, governance principles, prohibited activities, service specifications, provider intervention obligations, and protections for minors and elderly. Providers must prevent excessive user dependency, conduct safety assessments for services with over 1 million registered users, and implement special protections for children under 14 including parental consent requirements.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法》答记者问（AI拟人化互动服务官方问答）", "description_zh": "国家互联网信息办公室官方问答解释了2026年7月15日生效的人工智能拟人交互服务法规。涵盖法规背景、范围、治理原则、禁止活动、服务规范、提供商干预义务以及对未成年人和老年人的保护。提供商必须防止用户过度依赖，对超过 100 万注册用户的服务进行安全评估，并对 14 岁以下儿童实施特殊保护，包括父母同意要求。" }, { "date": "10 April 2026", "title": "专家解读｜人工智能拟人化互动服务的制度指引 (Expert Analysis: Institutional Guidance for AI Anthropomorphic Services)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558285804391.htm", "description": "Expert interpretation of the AI Anthropomorphic Interaction Services regulation, providing institutional guidance on compliance.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "专家解读｜人工智能拟人化互动服务的制度指引（专家解析：AI拟人化服务的制度指导）", "description_zh": "专家解读人工智能拟人交互服务法规，为合规提供制度指导。" }, { "date": "10 April 2026", "title": "专家解读｜智能向善 构建人机和谐共生的治理新范式 (Expert Analysis: Building Harmonious Human-Machine Governance)", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-04/10/c_1777558285548271.htm", "description": "Expert analysis on the governance framework for AI anthropomorphic interaction services, emphasizing principle of intelligence for good and harmonious human-machine coexistence.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "专家解读｜智能向善构建人机和谐共生的治理新范式（专家解析：构建和谐人机治理）", "description_zh": "专家解析人工智能拟人交互服务治理框架，强调人机良好和谐共存的智能原则。" }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Wang v. Wuhan Co. (AI-generated picture infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Wuhan court case involving AI-generated picture infringement. Case number: (2024) E 0192 Zhi Min Chu No.968. The court addressed copyright issues arising from AI-generated images.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "王某诉武汉公司人工智能生成图片侵权案", "description_zh": "武汉法院审理人工智能生成图片侵权案。案号：（2024）E 0192 治民初968号。法院解决了人工智能生成图像引起的版权问题。", "court": "Wuhan Court", "party": "Wang v. Wuhan Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated picture infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Li v. Xiong (AI-generated fake evidence in court)", "url": "", "description": "Xiaogan court case involving AI-generated fake evidence submitted in court proceedings. Case number: (2025) E0922 Min Chu No.4170. The court addressed the use of AI to fabricate evidence.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "李诉熊（人工智能在法庭上生成虚假证据）", "description_zh": "孝感法院案件涉及在法庭诉讼中提交的人工智能生成的虚假证据。案号：（2025）E0922民初4170号。法院解决了使用人工智能伪造证据的问题。", "court": "Xiaogan Court", "party": "Li v. Xiong", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated fake evidence in court", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Plaintiff Co. v. Cao (AI-generated texts infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Guangzhou court case involving AI-generated text infringement. The court addressed copyright and ownership issues arising from AI-generated textual content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "原告公司诉曹（人工智能生成文本侵权）", "description_zh": "广州法院审理人工智能生成文本侵权案件。法院解决了人工智能生成的文本内容引起的版权和所有权问题。", "court": "Guangzhou Court", "party": "Plaintiff Co. v. Cao", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated texts infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Zhong v. Apparel Co. (AI-generated picture infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Guangzhou court case involving AI-generated picture infringement. The court addressed intellectual property rights in AI-generated images used by an apparel company.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "钟某诉服饰有限公司人工智能生成图片侵权案", "description_zh": "广州法院审理人工智能生成图片侵权案。法院涉及一家服装公司使用的人工智能生成图像的知识产权问题。", "court": "Guangzhou Court", "party": "Zhong v. Apparel Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated picture infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Snowball v. Hangyu (AI-generated content dispute)", "url": "", "description": "Shenzhen court case involving AI-generated content. Case number: (2023) Yue 03 Min Chu No.6844. The court addressed disputes over AI-generated content rights.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Snowball 诉 Hangyu（人工智能生成内容纠纷）", "description_zh": "深圳法院案件涉及人工智能生成内容。案号：（2023）粤03民初6844号。法院解决了有关人工智能生成内容权利的争议。", "court": "Shenzhen Court", "party": "Snowball v. Hangyu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated content dispute", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Zhang v. Technology Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — face)", "url": "", "description": "Guangzhou court case involving AI-generated content and right of portrait (face) infringement. The court addressed unauthorized use of a person's likeness in AI-generated content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "张诉科技公司（AIGC/RoP 侵权——正面）", "description_zh": "广州法院审理人工智能生成内容侵犯肖像权案件。法院解决了在人工智能生成的内容中未经授权使用个人肖像的问题。", "court": "Guangzhou Court", "party": "Zhang v. Technology Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "SCLA v. Nianguang (Ultraman — direct liability for AI deep synthesis platform)", "url": "", "description": "Guangzhou court case involving direct liability for AI deep synthesis platform producing 'Ultraman' content. Case number: (2024) Yue 0192 Min Chu No.113. A landmark case establishing direct liability for AI deep synthesis providers. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SCLA诉年光（奥特曼——AI深度综合平台的直接责任）", "description_zh": "广州法院案件涉及人工智能深度合成平台生产“奥特曼”内容的直接责任。案号：（2024）粤0192民初113号。这是一个里程碑式的案例，确立了人工智能深度综合提供商的直接责任。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Guangzhou Court", "party": "SCLA v. Nianguang", "ai_tool": "Deep Synthesis Platform", "outcome": "Direct liability for AI deep synthesis platform", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2019", "title": "Tencent v. Yingxun (Dreamwriter — AI-generated texts infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Shenzhen court case — China's first AI-generated text copyright case. Case number: (2019) Yue 0305 Min Chu No.14010. Tencent sued for copyright infringement of articles generated by its Dreamwriter AI system. The court recognized copyright protection for AI-generated texts.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "腾讯诉映讯（Dreamwriter——人工智能生成文本侵权）", "description_zh": "深圳法院案件——中国首例人工智能生成文本著作权案。案号：（2019）粤0305民初14010号。腾讯起诉其 Dreamwriter AI 系统生成的文章侵犯版权。法院承认人工智能生成文本的版权保护。", "court": "Shenzhen Court", "party": "Tencent v. Yingxun", "ai_tool": "Dreamwriter (Tencent AI)", "outcome": "Copyright protection for AI-generated texts recognized", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Tencent v. Baidu (AI-generated videos infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Changsha court case involving AI-generated video copyright infringement. Case number: (2024) Xiang 01 Min Zhong No.18114. The court addressed copyright issues in AI-generated video content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "腾讯诉百度（人工智能视频侵权案）", "description_zh": "长沙法院审理人工智能生成视频著作权侵权案。案号：（2024）湘01民终18114号。法院解决了人工智能生成的视频内容的版权问题。", "court": "Changsha Court", "party": "Tencent v. Baidu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated videos infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Hangzhou People's Procuratorate v. Hu (AI-generated live authentication video infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou procuratorate case involving AI-generated live authentication video used for identity fraud. The case addressed criminal liability for using AI to generate fake live authentication videos.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杭州市人民检察院诉胡某人工智能生成直播认证视频侵权案", "description_zh": "Hangzhou procuratorate case involving AI-generated live authentication video used for identity fraud.该案涉及使用人工智能生成虚假实时认证视频的刑事责任。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "Hangzhou People's Procuratorate v. Hu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated live authentication video infringement", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Liang v. AI Co. (AI hallucination infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou court case involving AI hallucination — an AI system generated false/inaccurate content that caused harm. The court addressed liability for AI hallucination outputs. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梁某诉AI公司（人工智能幻觉侵权案）", "description_zh": "杭州法院案件涉及人工智能幻觉——人工智能系统生成虚假/不准确的内容并造成伤害。法院解决了人工智能幻觉输出的责任问题。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "Liang v. AI Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI hallucination infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Xingyin Co. v. Ming Co. (AI-generated texts infringement — unfair competition)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou court case involving AI-generated text infringement through unfair competition. Case number: (2025) Zhe 01 Min Zhong No.3998. The court addressed competitive misuse of AI-generated textual content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "星银公司诉明公司案（人工智能生成文本侵权——不正当竞争）", "description_zh": "杭州法院审理人工智能生成文本不正当竞争侵权案件。案号：（2025）浙01民终3998号。法院解决了人工智能生成文本内容的竞争性滥用问题。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "Xingyin Co. v. Ming Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated texts unfair competition case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Alibaba v. Li (AI-generated texts infringement — unfair competition)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou court case involving AI-generated text infringement and unfair competition. Case number: (2024) Zhe 0108 Min Chu No.10311. Alibaba sued for unfair competitive use of AI-generated text content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿里巴巴诉李某（人工智能生成文本侵权——不正当竞争）", "description_zh": "杭州法院审理人工智能生成文本侵权及不正当竞争案件。案号：（2024）浙0108民初10311号。阿里巴巴因不公平竞争使用人工智能生成的文本内容而提起诉讼。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "Alibaba v. Li", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated texts unfair competition case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "SCLA v. Jellyfish (Ultraman — secondary liability for AI deep synthesis platform)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou court case involving secondary liability for AI deep synthesis platform producing 'Ultraman' content. Case number: (2024) Zhe 01 Min Zhong No.10332. Distinguished from the Guangzhou direct liability case. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SCLA v. Jellyfish（奥特曼——AI深度综合平台的次要责任）", "description_zh": "杭州法院涉及人工智能深度合成平台生产“奥特曼”内容次要责任案。案号：（2024）浙01民终10332号。与广州直接责任案不同。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "SCLA v. Jellyfish", "ai_tool": "Deep Synthesis Platform", "outcome": "Secondary liability for AI deep synthesis platform", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Sihai v. Mofa (first digital avatar infringement case)", "url": "", "description": "Hangzhou court case — China's first digital avatar infringement case. Case number: (2023) Zhe 01 Min Zhong No.4722. The court addressed intellectual property and personality rights in digital avatar technology. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "四海诉魔发（首例数字头像侵权案）", "description_zh": "杭州法院案件——中国第一起数字头像侵权案。案号：（2023）浙01民终4722号。法院涉及数字化身技术的知识产权和人格权。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Hangzhou Court", "party": "Sihai v. Mofa", "ai_tool": "Digital Avatar Technology", "outcome": "First digital avatar infringement ruling in China", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Wan v. Jiangsu Co. & Zhejiang Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Yangzhou court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable. The court determined that the AI-generated output lacked sufficient human creative input to qualify for copyright protection.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "万诉江苏公司、浙江公司（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "扬州法院判决人工智能生成的内容不享有版权。法院认定，人工智能生成的输出缺乏足够的人类创造性输入，不符合版权保护的条件。", "court": "Yangzhou Court", "party": "Wan v. Jiangsu Co. & Zhejiang Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Tianhong Co. v. Qiangsheng Co. (AI-generated texts infringement — unfair competition)", "url": "", "description": "Wuxi court case involving AI-generated text infringement through unfair competition. The court addressed competitive misuse of AI-generated textual content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "天宏公司诉强生公司案（人工智能生成文本侵权——不正当竞争）", "description_zh": "无锡法院审理人工智能生成文本不正当竞争侵权案件。法院解决了人工智能生成文本内容的竞争性滥用问题。", "court": "Wuxi Court", "party": "Tianhong Co. v. Qiangsheng Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated texts unfair competition case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Feng v. Dongshan Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Zhangjiagang court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable. Case number: (2024) Su 0582 Min Chu No.9015. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "冯诉东山公司（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "张家港法院判决人工智能生成的内容不享有版权。案号：（2024）苏0582民初9015号。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Zhangjiagang Court", "party": "Feng v. Dongshan Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Lin v. Changshu Co. (AI-generated picture infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Changshu court case involving AI-generated picture copyright infringement. Case number: (2024) Su 0581 Min Chu No.6697.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "林某诉常熟公司人工智能生成图片侵权案", "description_zh": "常熟法院审理人工智能生成图片著作权侵权案。案号：（2024）苏0581民初6697号。", "court": "Changshu Court", "party": "Lin v. Changshu Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated picture infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Live Streaming Co. v. Video Publisher (AI-generated content infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI-generated content infringement in the live streaming context. The court addressed copyright and personality rights in AI-generated streaming content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Live Streaming Co. 诉 Video Publisher（人工智能生成内容侵权）", "description_zh": "涉及直播环境中人工智能生成内容侵权的法院案件。法院解决了人工智能生成的流媒体内容的版权和人格权问题。", "court": "China", "party": "Live Streaming Co. v. Video Publisher", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated content infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Actor v. Micro-Drama Production Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — face)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (face) infringement in micro-drama production. An actor's likeness was used without authorization in AI-generated micro-drama content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "演员诉微剧制作公司（AIGC/RoP侵权——正面）", "description_zh": "微剧制作中人工智能生成内容侵犯肖像权案件。人工智能生成的微剧内容未经授权使用演员肖像。", "court": "China", "party": "Actor v. Micro-Drama Production Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Wei v. Defendant Co. (False statement of AI-generated picture in court)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving false statements about AI-generated pictures submitted as evidence in court proceedings. The party misrepresented AI-generated images as authentic photographs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "魏某诉被告公司（法庭上人工智能生成图片的虚假陈述）", "description_zh": "涉及在法庭诉讼中作为证据提交的人工智能生成图片的虚假陈述的法庭案件。该党将人工智能生成的图像歪曲为真实照片。", "court": "China", "party": "Wei v. Defendant Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "False statement regarding AI-generated picture", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Zhou v. Tech Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable due to insufficient human creative contribution.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zhou v. Tech Co.（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "法院判决人工智能生成的内容由于人类创造性贡献不足而不受版权保护。", "court": "China", "party": "Zhou v. Tech Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Cheng v. Sun (AIGC/RoP infringement — face)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (face) infringement. The defendant used AI to generate images incorporating the plaintiff's facial likeness without authorization.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cheng 诉 Sun（AIGC/RoP 侵权 — 面）", "description_zh": "人工智能生成内容肖像权侵权案。被告未经授权使用人工智能生成包含原告面部相似度的图像。", "court": "China", "party": "Cheng v. Sun", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Li v. Culture Media Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — voice)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (voice) infringement. The defendant used AI to clone the plaintiff's voice without authorization.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "李诉文化传媒有限公司（AIGC/RoP 侵权 — 语音）", "description_zh": "涉及人工智能生成内容肖像权（声音）侵权的法院案件。被告未经授权使用人工智能克隆原告的声音。", "court": "China", "party": "Li v. Culture Media Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait (voice) infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Juwei Co. v. Sun (Digital avatar copyright infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving digital avatar copyright infringement. The court addressed intellectual property rights in digital avatar technology and its unauthorized reproduction.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "聚微公司诉Sun公司侵犯数字头像著作权案", "description_zh": "涉及数字化身版权侵权的法院案件。法院涉及数字化身技术的知识产权及其未经授权的复制。", "court": "China", "party": "Juwei Co. v. Sun", "ai_tool": "Digital Avatar Technology", "outcome": "Digital avatar copyright infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Tang v. Online Info Distribution Platform (AIGC labeling dispute)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI-generated content labeling dispute. The plaintiff challenged the platform's failure to properly label AI-generated content as required by regulations.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Transparency", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "唐某诉网络信息发布平台案（AIGC标签纠纷）", "description_zh": "涉及人工智能生成内容标签纠纷的法院案件。原告质疑该平台未能按照法规要求正确标记人工智能生成的内容。", "court": "China", "party": "Tang v. Online Info Distribution Platform", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC labeling dispute case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Artists v. Trik AI (AI training data copyright infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Court case involving AI training data copyright infringement. Artists sued Trik AI for using their copyrighted artwork as training data without authorization. Case pending as of 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Artists诉Trik AI（人工智能训练数据版权侵权）", "description_zh": "涉及人工智能训练数据著作权侵权的法院案件。艺术家起诉 Trik AI 未经授权使用其受版权保护的艺术品作为训练数据。截至 2024 年，案件仍在审理中。", "court": "China", "party": "Artists v. Trik AI", "ai_tool": "Trik AI", "outcome": "Pending — AI training data copyright case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Yin v. AI Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — voice)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Internet Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (voice) infringement. Case number: (2023) Jing 0491 Min Chu No.12142. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yin 诉 AI Co.（AIGC/RoP 侵权 — 语音）", "description_zh": "北京互联网法院涉及人工智能生成内容肖像权（声音）侵权案。案号：（2023）京0491民初12142号。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Beijing Internet Court", "party": "Yin v. AI Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait (voice) infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Wu v. Beijing Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — face)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Internet Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (face) infringement. Case number: (2023) Jing 0491 Min Chu No.3821.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "吴诉北京公司（AIGC/RoP侵权——正面）", "description_zh": "北京互联网法院涉及人工智能生成内容肖像权侵权案。案号：（2023）京0491民初3821号。", "court": "Beijing Internet Court", "party": "Wu v. Beijing Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait (face) infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Li v. Liu (AIGC copyrightability)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Internet Court case addressing whether AI-generated content qualifies for copyright protection. Case number: (2023) Jing 0491 Min Chu No.11279. A landmark case on AIGC copyrightability in China. Source: King & Wood Mallesons insight.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "李诉刘（AIGC 版权）", "description_zh": "北京互联网法院审理人工智能生成内容是否符合版权保护的案件。案号：（2023）京0491民初11279号。中国 AIGC 版权问题具有里程碑意义的案例。资料来源：金杜律师事务所洞察。", "court": "Beijing Internet Court", "party": "Li v. Liu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Landmark AIGC copyrightability case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020", "title": "He v. AI Co. (AIGC/RoP infringement — face & name)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Internet Court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (face and name) infringement. Case number: (2020) Jing 0491 Min Chu No.9526. One of the earliest Chinese AI portrait rights cases.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "他诉 AI Co.（AIGC/RoP 侵权 — 面孔和姓名）", "description_zh": "北京互联网法院涉及人工智能生成内容肖像权（脸部、姓名）侵权案件。案号：（2020）京0491民初9526号。中国最早的人工智能肖像权案件之一。", "court": "Beijing Internet Court", "party": "He v. AI Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait (face & name) infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Douyin v. Yiruike (AI LLM infringement — unfair competition)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing IP Court case involving AI large language model infringement through unfair competition. Case number: (2023) Jing 73 Min Zhong No.3802. Douyin sued for competitive misuse of AI-generated content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "抖音诉易瑞客（AI LLM侵权——不正当竞争）", "description_zh": "北京知识产权法院涉人工智能大语言模型不正当竞争侵权案。案号：（2023）京73民终3802号。抖音因竞争性滥用人工智能生成内容而被起诉。", "court": "Beijing IP Court", "party": "Douyin v. Yiruike", "ai_tool": "AI LLM", "outcome": "AI LLM unfair competition case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2019", "title": "Beijing Film Law Firm v. Baidu (AI-generated texts infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing IP Court case involving AI-generated text copyright infringement. Case number: (2019) Jing 73 Min Zhong No.2030. One of the earliest Chinese AI text copyright cases.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北京电影律师事务所诉百度人工智能生成文本侵权案", "description_zh": "北京知识产权法院人工智能生成文本著作权侵权案。案号：（2019）京73民终2030号。中国最早的AI文本版权案件之一。", "court": "Beijing IP Court", "party": "Beijing Film Law Firm v. Baidu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated texts infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Yu v. Qinhuangdao Co. (AI-generated picture infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Qinhuangdao court case involving AI-generated picture copyright infringement. Source: Seagull Song, 2026 AI-Generated Content and Copyright (China).", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "于某诉秦皇岛公司人工智能生成图片侵权案", "description_zh": "秦皇岛法院审理人工智能生成图片著作权侵权案。资料来源：海鸥宋，2026 人工智能生成内容及版权（中国）。", "court": "Qinhuangdao Court", "party": "Yu v. Qinhuangdao Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated picture infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026", "title": "Sun v. Chengdu Co. (AI-generated videos infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Chengdu court case involving AI-generated video copyright infringement. The court addressed copyright issues in AI-generated video content.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sun诉成都公司人工智能生成视频侵权案", "description_zh": "成都法院审理人工智能生成视频著作权侵权案件。法院解决了人工智能生成的视频内容的版权问题。", "court": "Chengdu Court", "party": "Sun v. Chengdu Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated videos infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Cao v. Tourism College (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Chengdu court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable due to insufficient human creative contribution.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "曹诉旅游学院（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "成都法院判决人工智能生成的内容因人类创造性贡献不足而不受版权保护。", "court": "Chengdu Court", "party": "Cao v. Tourism College", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Voice Artist v. SoundX (AIGC/RoP infringement — voice)", "url": "", "description": "Chengdu court case involving AI-generated content right of portrait (voice) infringement. Case number: (2024) Chuan 7101 Min Chu No.8969. A voice artist sued for unauthorized AI voice cloning.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Voice Artist 诉 SoundX（AIGC/RoP 侵权 — 语音）", "description_zh": "成都法院审理人工智能生成内容肖像权（声音）侵权案。案号：（2024）传7101民初8969号。一位声音艺术家因未经授权的人工智能语音克隆而提起诉讼。", "court": "Chengdu Court", "party": "Voice Artist v. SoundX", "ai_tool": "SoundX AI", "outcome": "AIGC right of portrait (voice) infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Li v. Tengda Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Guilin court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable due to insufficient human creative contribution.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "李诉腾达公司（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "桂林法院判决人工智能生成的内容因人类创造性贡献不足而不受版权保护。", "court": "Guilin Court", "party": "Li v. Tengda Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Liu v. Tech Co. (AI layoff labor law arbitration)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Labor and Employment Dispute Arbitration Committee case involving AI-driven layoff decision. The arbitration addressed whether an employer's use of AI in layoff decisions complied with labor law requirements.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "刘诉科技公司（AI裁员劳动法仲裁）", "description_zh": "北京劳动就业争议仲裁委员会人工智能驱动裁员决策案。仲裁涉及雇主在裁员决定中使用人工智能是否符合劳动法要求的问题。", "court": "Beijing Labor and Employment Dispute Arbitration Committee", "party": "Liu v. Tech Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI layoff labor law arbitration case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Plaintiff Co. v. Defendant Co. (AI-generated live shopping host contract dispute)", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Tongzhou District court case involving AI-generated live shopping host contract dispute. The case addressed contractual obligations when using AI-generated virtual hosts for live commerce.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "原告公司诉被告公司人工智能直播购物主播合同纠纷案", "description_zh": "北京通州区法院审理人工智能生成直播购物主播合同纠纷案。该案例涉及使用人工智能生成的虚拟主机进行实时商务时的合同义务。", "court": "Beijing Tongzhou District Court", "party": "Plaintiff Co. v. Defendant Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated live shopping host contract dispute", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Tongzhou case — Lawyer using AI-fabricated case citations", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Tongzhou District court case involving a lawyer who used AI-fabricated case citations in court filings. Case number: (2024) Jing 0112 Min Chu No.19067. The court sanctioned the lawyer for submitting fabricated precedents generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通州案——律师使用人工智能伪造案件引文", "description_zh": "北京通州区法院案件涉及一名律师在法庭文件中使用人工智能伪造的案件引文。案号：（2024）京0112民初19067号。该律师因提交人工智能生成的捏造先例而受到法院的制裁。", "court": "Beijing Tongzhou District Court", "party": "Lawyer (disciplinary)", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Lawyer sanctioned for AI-fabricated citations", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Tongzhou case — AI-generated pictures infringement criminal liability", "url": "", "description": "Beijing Tongzhou District criminal case involving AI-generated pictures resulting in criminal liability. The case addressed criminal consequences for AI-generated image infringement.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通州案——人工智能生成图片侵权刑事责任", "description_zh": "北京市通州区人工智能生成图片刑事案件追究刑事责任。该案涉及人工智能生成图像侵权的刑事后果。", "court": "Beijing Tongzhou District Court", "party": "Criminal defendant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Criminal liability for AI-generated pictures", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Zhejiang Junlan Co. v. Shanghai Hanting Co. & Baidu (AI agent trademark infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Shanghai Pudong court case involving AI agent trademark infringement. Case number: (2024) Hu 0115 Min Chu No.95826. The court addressed whether an AI agent's autonomous actions can constitute trademark infringement.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "浙江君兰股份有限公司诉上海汉庭股份有限公司、百度人工智能代理商标侵权案", "description_zh": "上海浦东法院审理AI代理商标侵权案。案号：（2024）沪0115民初95826号。法院审理了人工智能代理人的自主行为是否构成商标侵权的问题。", "court": "Shanghai Pudong District Court", "party": "Zhejiang Junlan Co. v. Shanghai Hanting Co. & Baidu", "ai_tool": "AI Agent", "outcome": "AI agent trademark infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Chengdu Huisu Co. v. Zhu (AI prompts copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Shanghai Huangpu court case ruling that AI prompts are not copyrightable. Case number: (2025) Hu 0101 Min Chu No.14775. The court determined that AI prompts lack sufficient creative expression for copyright protection.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "成都慧速公司诉朱某案（人工智能提示版权性——不具有版权性）", "description_zh": "上海黄浦法院判决人工智能提示不享有著作权。案号：（2025）沪0101民初14775号​​。法院认为，人工智能提示缺乏足够的创意表达，不足以保护著作权。", "court": "Shanghai Huangpu District Court", "party": "Chengdu Huisu Co. v. Zhu", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI prompts found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "China Literature v. LiblibAI (Safe Harbor protection for AI deep synthesis platform)", "url": "", "description": "Shanghai Jinshan court case addressing 'Safe Harbor' protection for AI deep synthesis platforms. The court examined whether AI platforms qualify for safe harbor immunity under existing internet regulations.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阅文集团诉LiblibAI（人工智能深度综合平台安全港保护）", "description_zh": "上海金山法院案件涉及人工智能深度综合平台的“安全港”保护。法院审查了人工智能平台是否符合现有互联网法规下的安全港豁免权。", "court": "Shanghai Jinshan District Court", "party": "China Literature v. LiblibAI", "ai_tool": "AI Deep Synthesis Platform", "outcome": "Safe Harbor protection for AI DSP case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "IQIYI v. MiniMax (AI training data copyright infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Shanghai Xuhui court case involving AI training data copyright infringement. IQIYI sued MiniMax for using copyrighted content as training data for its AI model. Case pending as of 2025.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱奇艺诉MiniMax（人工智能训练数据著作权侵权案）", "description_zh": "上海徐汇法院审理人工智能训练数据著作权侵权案。爱奇艺起诉 MiniMax 使用受版权保护的内容作为其 AI 模型的训练数据。截至 2025 年，案件仍在审理中。", "court": "Shanghai Xuhui District Court", "party": "IQIYI v. MiniMax", "ai_tool": "MiniMax AI", "outcome": "Pending — AI training data copyright case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024", "title": "Chen v. AI Co. (AI-generated videos infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Shanghai Jiading court case involving AI-generated video copyright infringement. Case number: (2024) Hu 0114 Min Chu No.1326.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Chen 诉 AI Co.（人工智能生成视频侵权）", "description_zh": "上海嘉定法院审理人工智能生成视频著作权侵权案。案号：（2024）沪0114民初1326号。", "court": "Shanghai Jiading District Court", "party": "Chen v. AI Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated videos infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Companies v. Li (Digital avatar copyright infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Hohhot court case involving digital avatar copyright infringement. The court addressed unauthorized reproduction of digital avatar technology.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公司诉李某（数字头像著作权侵权案）", "description_zh": "呼和浩特法院审理数字头像著作权侵权案。法院解决了未经授权复制数字化身技术的问题。", "court": "Hohhot Court", "party": "Companies v. Li", "ai_tool": "Digital Avatar Technology", "outcome": "Digital avatar copyright infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023", "title": "Lighten Co. v. Gostudy.ai Co. (AI trade secret infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Supreme People's Court case involving AI trade secret infringement. Case number: (2023) Zuigaofa Zhi Min Zhong No.1503. The court addressed misappropriation of trade secrets through AI systems.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lighten Co. 诉 Gostudy.ai Co.（人工智能商业秘密侵权）", "description_zh": "最高人民法院审理人工智能侵犯商业秘密案。案号：（2023）最高发治民终1503号。法院解决了通过人工智能系统盗用商业秘密的问题。", "court": "Supreme People's Court", "party": "Lighten Co. v. Gostudy.ai Co.", "ai_tool": "Gostudy.ai", "outcome": "AI trade secret infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Hu v. Xinjiang Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Urumqi court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable due to insufficient human creative contribution.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "胡诉新疆公司（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "乌鲁木齐法院判决人工智能生成的内容因人类创造性贡献不足而不受版权保护。", "court": "Urumqi Court", "party": "Hu v. Xinjiang Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "CPE Co. v. Chongqing Co. (AI-generated voice infringement)", "url": "", "description": "Chongqing Yuzhong District court case involving AI-generated voice infringement. Case number: (2025) Yu 0103 Min Chu No.748. The court addressed unauthorized AI voice cloning.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CPE公司诉重庆公司人工智能语音侵权案", "description_zh": "重庆市渝中区法院审理人工智能语音侵权案。案号：（2025）渝0103民初748号。法院解决了未经授权的人工智能语音克隆问题。", "court": "Chongqing Yuzhong District Court", "party": "CPE Co. v. Chongqing Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated voice infringement case", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Cui v. Guixi Co. (AIGC copyrightability — not copyrightable)", "url": "", "description": "Yingtan court case ruling that AI-generated content is not copyrightable. Case number: (2025) Gan 0602 Zhi Min Chu No.47.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "崔诉贵溪公司（AIGC 版权——不可版权）", "description_zh": "鹰潭法院判决人工智能生成的内容不享有版权。案号：（2025）赣0602智民初47号。", "court": "Yingtan Court", "party": "Cui v. Guixi Co.", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AIGC found not copyrightable", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 April 2026", "title": "China MIIT safety requirements for autonomous driving systems of intelligent and connected vehicles", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/yjzj/art/2026/art_6a0b136cf5be4a4c8aa50511870508dc.html", "description": "MIIT closed consultation on draft mandatory national standards establishing technical and functional safety requirements for autonomous driving systems in intelligent and connected vehicles.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工信部智能网联汽车自动驾驶系统安全要求", "description_zh": "工信部就制定智能网联汽车自动驾驶系统技术和功能安全要求的强制性国家标准草案结束征求意见。" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration published Initiative on Deepening China-ASEAN Cooperation on Digital Governance including commitments regarding AI regulatory framework", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-12/04/c_1766577618173846.htm", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China published the Initiative on Deepening China-ASEAN Cooperation on Digital Governance, including commitments regarding the AI regulatory framework. The initiative, put forward in September 2025, aims to strengthen communication, exchanges, and practical cooperation regarding AI. Areas of focus include responding to potential risks, standardising security governance, and formulating policies, laws, and regulations related to AI security gov", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办发布《关于深化中国-东盟数字治理合作的倡议》，包括人工智能监管框架承诺", "description_zh": "2025年12月4日，中国国家互联网信息办公室发布了《关于深化中国-东盟数字治理合作的倡议》，其中包括有关人工智能监管框架的承诺。该倡议于2025年9月提出，旨在加强人工智能领域的沟通、交流和务实合作。重点领域包括应对潜在风险、规范安全治理、制定人工智能安全治理相关政策、法律法规" }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "General Administration of Market Supervision published enforcement actions against illegal online advertising", "url": "https://www.samr.gov.cn/xw/zj/art/2025/art_e6588f2b63064945869a86187b361c55.html", "description": "On 16 October 2025, China’s State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published 10 typical cases of illegal online advertising to illustrate recent enforcement outcomes. In the first three quarters of 2025, market supervision authorities nationwide investigated and handled 22,185 cases of illegal online advertising, imposing total fines of CNY 111 million. Enforcement focused on sectors including medical care, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, health food, and finance, as well as on emer", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "市场监管总局发布打击非法网络广告执法行动", "description_zh": "2025年10月16日，国家市场监督管理总局公布了10起网络广告违法典型案例，展示近期执法成效。 2025年前三季度，全国市场监管部门共查处网络广告违法案件22185起，罚款1.11亿元。执法重点包括医疗、药品、医疗器械、保健食品、金融等领域以及新兴市场" }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration of China published typical network security cases including deep synthesis safety assessment requirement", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/16/c_1759741437315419.htm", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the National Cyberspace Administration of China published ten typical law enforcement cases on network security, personal information protection laws, and artificial intelligence regulations. One case involved a Zhejiang Technology Co. Ltd. operating an app that provided deep synthesis services, such as AI face-changing and photo dance dubbing, without conducting the required safety assessments or clearly identifying deep synthesis content. As a result, the Internet communi", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网信办发布深度综合安全评估要求等网络安全典型案例", "description_zh": "2025年9月16日，国家网信办公布了十大网络安全、个人信息保护法、人工智能法规执法典型案例。其中，浙江某科技有限公司运营的一款提供AI换脸、写真舞蹈配音等深度合成服务的APP，没有进行必要的安全评估，也没有明确识别深度合成内容。结果，互联网通讯" }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration's Methods for Identifying Synthetic Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence enter into force", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the Methods for Identifying Synthetic Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) enter into force. The Measures introduce standardised practices for marking AI-generated content, including text, images, audio, video, and virtual scenes. AI service providers and businesses using synthetic media are required to implement both explicit and implicit content identifiers. Explicit identifiers include visible text, audio cues, or graphical labels, while implicit identifiers ", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办《人工智能合成内容识别办法》正式施行", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 1 日，《人工智能 (AI) 合成内容识别方法》生效。 《办法》提出了人工智能生成内容（包括文本、图像、音频、视频和虚拟场景）标记的标准化做法。人工智能服务提供商和使用合成媒体的企业需要实施显式和隐式内容标识符。显式标识符包括可见文本、音频提示或图形标签，而隐式标识符" }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration's regulations on safe application of facial recognition technology including business registration requirements enter into force", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "On 1 June 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology including business registration requirements enter into force. The regulation applies to entities processing facial information within China, except for research and algorithm training. It requires entities storing 100'000 or more facial records to register with provincial-level or higher cybersecurity authorities within 30 working days. It requires them to submit details o", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办关于人脸识别技术安全应用的规定包括企业登记要求正式生效", "description_zh": "2025年6月1日，国家互联网信息办公室关于面部识别技术安全应用的规定（包括企业登记要求）正式生效。该规定适用于在中国境内处理面部信息的实体，但研究和算法培训除外。它要求存储10万条及以上人脸记录的实体在30个工作日内向省级以上网络安全部门进行登记。它要求他们提交详细信息" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Ministry of Commerce released 2025 Work Plan for expanding pilot on service sector opening-up including 9 additional cities", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202504/content_7019915.htm?mc_cid=f05bbb94db&mc_eid=9c72f2f5e5", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Ministry of Commerce issued the Notice on Issuing the Work Plan for Accelerating the Comprehensive Pilot Programme for Expanding the Opening-up of the Service Industry (Shangzihan [2025] No. 84). The work plan expands the pilot programme for the service industry. Building on the existing 11 pilot areas - Beijing Municipality, Tianjin Municipality, Shanghai Municipality, Hainan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Shenyang City, Nanjing City, Hangzhou City, Wuhan City, Guangzho", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "商务部发布2025年服务业扩大开放试点工作方案 新增9个城市", "description_zh": "2025年4月11日，商务部发布《关于印发加快推进服务业扩大开放综合试点工作方案的通知》（商资函[2025]84号）。工作方案扩大服务业试点。在现有北京市、天津市、上海市、海南省、重庆市、沉阳市、南京市、杭州市、武汉市、广州市等11个试点地区的基础上" }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration's regulations on safe application of facial recognition technology including business registration requirements entered into force with grace period", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China released the regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology including business registration requirements. The regulation applies to entities processing facial information within China, except for research and algorithm training. It requires entities storing 100'000 or more facial records to register with provincial-level or higher cybersecurity authorities within 30 working days. It requires them to submit details on ", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办关于人脸识别技术安全应用的规定（包括企业登记要求）宽限期生效", "description_zh": "2025年3月13日，国家互联网信息办公室发布了包括工商登记要求在内的人脸识别技术安全应用规定。该规定适用于在中国境内处理面部信息的实体，但研究和算法培训除外。它要求存储10万条及以上人脸记录的实体在30个工作日内向省级以上网络安全部门进行登记。它要求他们提交详细信息" }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "Cyberspace Administration's regulations on safe application of facial recognition technology including data protection measures entered into force with grace period", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/21/c_1744174262156096.htm", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the Cyberspace Administration of China released the regulations on the safe application of facial recognition technology including data protection measures. The regulation applies to entities processing facial information within China, except for research and algorithm training. It introduces obligations including obtaining explicit consent, ensuring transparency, conducting impact assessments, implementing security measures, and restricting unnecessary use. It also provides th", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网信办关于人脸识别技术安全应用等数据保护措施的规定宽限期生效", "description_zh": "2025年3月13日，国家互联网信息办公室发布了包括数据保护措施在内的人脸识别技术安全应用规定。该规定适用于在中国境内处理面部信息的实体，但研究和算法培训除外。它引入了义务，包括获得明确同意、确保透明度、进行影响评估、实施安全措施和限制不必要的使用。它还提供了" } ], "entry_count": 881, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "156" }, { "id": "CG", "title": "Congo (Congo-Brazzaville)", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "178" }, { "id": "CU", "title": "Cuba", "entries": [ { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in CU. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉丁美洲国家通过全面的人工智能宣言", "description_zh": "17个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、库拉索岛、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、苏里南和乌拉圭）的代表签署了《卡塔赫纳人工智能治理宣言》。该宣言包括（1）遵守联合国教科文组织在人工智能造福全球峰会上提出的道德建议，（2）与现有的软法律文书（如经合组织的人工智能建议）保持一致，以及（3）继续先前在蒙得维的亚和圣地亚哥签署的类似人工智能倡议。该声明的文本尚未公开。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "192" }, { "id": "CY", "title": "Cyprus", "entries": [ { "title": "Digital Strategy for Cyprus 2020-2025", "url": "https://www.dmrid.gov.cy/dmrid/research.nsf/all/927EA351714F99EDC22587CE0028C090/$file/Digital%20Strategy%202020-2025.pdf?openelement", "description": "AI law in Cyprus: The Digital Strategy for Cyprus 2020-2025 is the Republic of Cyprus’s national plan to accelerate digital transformation across government, economy and society. Coordinated by the Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy, it sets four strategic objectives (people-centred technology, a resilient digital economy, an open inclusive digital society, and a green digital transition) and organises actions through four portfolios: Digital Government, Digital Infrastructure, Digital Economy and Digital Society....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塞浦路斯数字战略 2020-2025", "description_zh": "塞浦路斯人工智能法：《2020-2025 年塞浦路斯数字战略》是塞浦路斯共和国加速政府、经济和社会数字化转型的国家计划。在研究、创新和数字政策副部的协调下，它设定了四个战略目标（以人为本的技术、有弹性的数字经济、开放包容的数字社会和绿色数字转型），并通过四个组合组织行动：数字政府、数字基础设施、数字经济和数字社会……" }, { "title": "National Action Plan for Digital Skills 2021-2025 (e-skills Action Plan)", "url": "https://digitalcoalition.gov.cy/strategy/digital-skills-cyprus-national-action-plan-2021-2025/", "description": "AI law in Cyprus: The National Action Plan for Digital Skills 2021-2025 (e-skills Action Plan) is a Cyprus government strategy to raise digital skills across the population, public administration and the labour market. Led by the Deputy Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digital Policy and coordinated through a National Alliance, it aligns with the EU DigComp and the Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP) funding to deliver training, infrastructure support and a Digital Citizens' Academy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021-2025年国家数字技能行动计划（电子技能行动计划）", "description_zh": "塞浦路斯人工智能法：2021-2025 年国家数字技能行动计划（电子技能行动计划）是塞浦路斯政府的一项战略，旨在提高人口、公共管理和劳动力市场的数字技能。它由研究、创新和数字政策副部领导，并通过国家联盟进行协调，与欧盟 DigComp 和恢复与弹性计划 (RRP) 资金保持一致，以提供培训、基础设施支持和数字公民服务。学院...." }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Actions for the Leverage and Development of AI in Cyprus", "url": "https://dec.dmrid.gov.cy/", "description": "AI law in Cyprus: The Cypriot National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (published 13 January 2020) sets out strategic actions to accelerate AI research, skills, public sector adoption and data ecosystem development in Cyprus. It is a non-binding national roadmap focusing on talent, competitiveness, public services, national data spaces and ethical and trustworthy AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略：塞浦路斯利用和发展人工智能的行动", "description_zh": "塞浦路斯人工智能法：塞浦路斯国家人工智能战略（2020 年 1 月 13 日发布）制定了战略行动，以加速塞浦路斯的人工智能研究、技能、公共部门采用和数据生态系统开发。这是一个不具约束力的国家路线图，重点关注人才、竞争力、公共服务、国家数据空间以及道德和值得信赖的人工智能……" }, { "title": "National Strategy for Research and Innovation 2024-2026", "url": "https://www.gov.cy/dmrid/en/research-and-innovation/", "description": "AI law in Cyprus: The National Strategy for Research and Innovation 2024-2026 (Cyprus) is a three-year national framework to strengthen research excellence, link research to business and societal needs, and position Cyprus as a regional R&I hub. Adopted by the Government in December 2023, the Strategy sets five strategic pillars aligned with the Smart Specialisation Strategy 2030 and the European Research Area (ERA)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家研究与创新战略 2024-2026", "description_zh": "塞浦路斯人工智能法：2024-2026 年国家研究和创新战略（塞浦路斯）是一个为期三年的国家框架，旨在加强卓越研究、将研究与商业和社会需求联系起来，并将塞浦路斯定位为区域研发中心。该战略于 2023 年 12 月由政府通过，制定了与 2030 年智能专业化战略和欧洲研究领域 (ERA) 相一致的五个战略支柱......" }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "Cyprus criminalises AI-generated child pornography", "url": "https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/04/10/cyprus-criminalises-ai-generated-child-pornography", "description": "The creation, possession and distribution of AI-generated child pornography is now a criminal offence, carrying with it prison sentences of up to 15 years, under a law passed by parliament on Thursday. The bill’s sponsor, Akel MP Christos Christofides, said this makes Cyprus the first EU member to legally regulate…", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塞浦路斯将人工智能生成的儿童色情内容定为犯罪", "description_zh": "据悉，塞浦路斯已将人工智能生成的儿童色情内容的创作、拥有和传播定为刑事犯罪，使其成为第一个对人工智能生成的儿童性虐待内容进行法律监管的欧盟成员国。一致通过的新法律修改了塞浦路斯现行法律《2014年预防和打击儿童性虐待和性剥削及儿童色情法》中儿童色情的定义，将人工智能创作的内容和人工智能恋童手册纳入其中，最高可判处15年监禁。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "196" }, { "id": "CD", "title": "Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)", "entries": [ { "title": "Digital Code (Law 23/010) (2023)", "url": "https://www.numerique.gouv.cd/code-numerique", "description": "Primary source (numerique.gouv.cd) in CD. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Media & Entertainment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字代码（第 23/010 号法律）(2023)：", "description_zh": "该守则设立了新的监管机构，并包含有关数据收集、处理、传输和存储的规定；电子签名；广告和营销；消费者保护；电子证据；数据拦截；分包商；以及数字初创企业的优势。除少数例外情况外，新法令管辖任何自然人或法人从或向刚果民主共和国开展的所有数字活动和服务，无论其法律地位、国籍或注册办事处/主要机构所在地。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "180" }, { "id": "DJ", "title": "Djibouti", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "262" }, { "id": "EARFAI", "title": "Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Forum on Artificial Intelligence (EARFAI)", "entries": [ { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "EARFAI adopts Nairobi Statement", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-eastern-africa-sub-regional-forum-artificial-intelligence-adoption-nairobi-statement", "description": "Co-organised by UNESCO and the Kenyan government, the theme of the UNESCO-Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Forum on Artificial Intelligence (EARFAI) was ‘‘Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for sustainable development in Eastern Africa: Governance, Ethics, Capacities, and Partnerships’’.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EARFAI 通过内罗毕声明", "description_zh": "在肯尼亚内罗毕举行的联合国教科文组织-EARFAI论坛上，东非各国信息通信技术部长通过了《关于东非人工智能和新兴技术的内罗毕声明》。声明的要点包括（1）批准非洲联盟人工智能大陆战略，（2）在东非实施准备情况评估方法（RAM），（3）在东非建立协调机制，以支持实施联合国教科文组织关于人工智能伦理的建议，以及（4）强调利用人工智能促进该地区的可持续发展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "DO", "title": "Dominican Republic", "entries": [ { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "NIPCR investigation into Worldcoin Foundation over alleged abusive clauses requiring users to provide biometric data in exchange for cryptocurrencies", "url": "https://proconsumidor.gob.do/pro-consumidor-suspende-las-operaciones-de-worldcoin-en-republica-dominicana/", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the National Institute for the Protection of Consumer Rights (NIPCR) issued an interim ruling, suspending Worldcoin Foundation's operations in the Dominican Republic. The ruling was based on concerns regarding adhesion contracts that allegedly contained abusive clauses, which required users to provide biometric data in exchange for cryptocurrencies. The ruling followed an analysis by NIPCR's Legal Department, which identified potential violations of Law 358-05, Resolution...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIPCR 调查 Worldcoin 基金会涉嫌滥用条款，要求用户提供生物识别数据以换取加密货币", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 14 日，国家消费者权益保护研究所 (NIPCR) 发布临时裁决，暂停世界币基金会在多米尼加共和国的业务。该裁决是基于对据称包含滥用条款的附着合同的担忧，该合同要求用户提供生物识别数据以换取加密货币。该裁决是在 NIPCR 法律部门进行分析后做出的，该分析确定了可能违反第 358-05 号法律决议的行为……" }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in DO. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉丁美洲国家通过全面的人工智能宣言", "description_zh": "17个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、库拉索岛、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、苏里南和乌拉圭）的代表签署了《卡塔赫纳人工智能治理宣言》。该宣言包括（1）遵守联合国教科文组织在人工智能造福全球峰会上提出的道德建议，（2）与现有的软法律文书（如经合组织的人工智能建议）保持一致，以及（3）继续先前在蒙得维的亚和圣地亚哥签署的类似人工智能倡议。该声明的文本尚未公开。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "214" }, { "id": "EG", "title": "Egypt", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "Charter for Responsible Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg/SynchedFiles/ar/Resources/EgyptianCharterForResponsibleAIArabic-v1.0.pdf", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the National Council for Artificial Intelligence (AI) adopted the Egyptian Charter for Responsible AI, marking the first phase of its initiative to regulate AI systems within the country. The charter mandates that AI systems should not harm individuals, especially vulnerable groups, and should comply with Egyptian laws. It also stresses the importance of human oversight, risk management, and the involvement of qualified, diverse teams in AI development. Additionally, the cha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-25", "title": "Egypt-India Memorandums of Understanding on ICT and cybersecurity cooperation", "url": "https://egcert.eg/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Multilateral-Cybersecurity-Agreement.docx.pdf", "description": "On 25 January 2023, the Egyptian President and Indian Prime Minister signed several Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs). The MoUs, which include agreements in the areas of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), cybersecurity, were signed during the Egyptian President's three-day visit to India. The MoUs aim to enhance cooperation in these sectors, focusing on knowledge exchange and sharing best practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-23", "title": "Egypt-Palestine Memorandum of Understanding on ICT cooperation", "url": "https://egcert.eg/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Multilateral-Cybersecurity-Agreement.docx.pdf", "description": "On 23 January 2023, the Egyptian Minister of Communication and Information Technology and the Palestinian Minister of Communications and Information Technology signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to promote cooperation in Information and Communications Technology (ICT). The MoU covers technical cooperation in policy formulation and implementation. It also aims to establish cooperation mechanisms, share expertise, and adopt best practices to improve operational efficiency.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Cloud First Policy (2024)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/Upcont/Documents/Publications_2282024000_Cloud_First_Policy_Egypt_2024.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2024, the Supreme Council of Digital Society's Cloud First Policy (2024) including data localisation requirements entered into force. The policy mandates the localisation of data classified as \"top secret\" or \"secret,\" requiring that such data be hosted exclusively within Egypt. This provision applies to data related to national security or sensitive operations and aims to ensure maximum protection against unauthorised access, breaches, or manipulation. The policy specifies that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in Cloud First Policy (2024)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/Upcont/Documents/Publications_2282024000_Cloud_First_Policy_Egypt_2024.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2024, the Supreme Council of Digital Society's Cloud First Policy (2024) including cybersecurity requirements entered into force. The policy mandates that cloud service providers\n(CSPs) must establish necessary technical and organisational procedures to manage security risks through the adoption of security standards certificates issued by the Egyptian Supreme Cybersecurity Council (ESCC). The policy also requires the development of encryption foundations, including full control ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-12", "title": "National Council's second version of National Artificial Intelligence Strategy", "url": "https://sis.gov.eg/Story/292538/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84?lang=ar", "description": "On 9 December 2024, the Minister of Communications and Information Technology announced the launch date of the second version of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, set for early 2025. The revised strategy aims to further integrate AI across various sectors, tackle societal challenges, broaden training programs for specialized talent, and improve computational infrastructure for government and private entities, including startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-10-17", "title": "Operational license requirement in Personal Data Protection Law (No. 151 of 2020)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/Upcont/Documents/Reports%20and%20Documents_1232021000_Law_No_151_2020_Personal_Data_Protection.pdf", "description": "On 17 October 2020, Personal Data Protection Law (No. 151 of 2020) entered into force. The law mandated that entities processing personal data obtain an operational licence from the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC). This licence is necessary for collecting, storing, or processing personal data and specifies permitted activities and validity duration. The law outlines procedures for licence application and renewal, as well as penalties for operating without a valid licence, which may inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-02-17", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Executive Regulation for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (Prime Minister's Decree No. 418 of 2020)", "url": "https://wipolex-resources-eu-central-1-358922420655.s3.amazonaws.com/edocs/lexdocs/laws/ar/eg/eg076ar.pdf", "description": "On 17 February 2020, the Executive Regulations for Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) (Prime Minister's Decree No. 418 of 2020) entered into force. The regulation mandates that media outlets, including newspapers and electronic media, must operate within the framework set by the SCMR. This includes requirements for notifying the SCMR of changes in ownership, management, or operational details, as well as adhering to specific guidelines for...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Privacy Notice Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/Privacy%20Notice.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Privacy Notice Guidelines (Version 1.1), providing interpretive and regulatory guidance on privacy notices within the scope of the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of the year 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Privacy Notice Guidelines clarify that a privacy notice is a transparency tool and does not constitute a consent request, and distinguish a privacy not...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Data Protection Principles Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/DPP.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Data Protection Principles Guidelines (Version 1.1). The Guidelines provide interpretive and regulatory guidance on the fundamental principles governing the processing of personal data under the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of the year 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines set out nine principles, namely lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Data Users Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/DU.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released Version 1.1 of the Data Users Guidelines. These Guidelines clarify the roles and responsibilities of data users under the Personal Data Protection Law. The Guidelines distinguish between controllers who determine the essential means of processing and processors who act on behalf of controllers. These Guidelines detail legal obligations such as the requirement to appoint a Data Protection Officer and obtain the necessary l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Guidelines on Data Protection Officer Categories", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/DPOC.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Guidelines on Data Protection Officer Categories. These Guidelines establish a professional hierarchy for Data Protection Officers (DPOs) in Egypt by categorising them into Category A (Lead DPO), Category B (Advanced DPO), or Category C (Entry-Level DPO). Category A applies to processing more than 2million records and requires three to five years of proven experience and an examination score of more than 80%. Category...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Data Protection Officer Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/DPO.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released Version 1.1 of the Data Protection Officer Guidelines. These Guidelines assist data users in complying with the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. Juridical persons acting as data users must appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) regardless of processing scale. Natural persons acting as data users may appoint a DPO or personally as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-14", "title": "Guide to Egypt's National AI Governance Framework", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg/SynchedFiles/ar/Resources/Guide%20to%20Egypt’s%20National%20AI%20Governance%20Framework%2015-3-2026.pdf", "description": "On 14 March 2026, the National Council for Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Emerging Technologies (NCAI) released the Guide to Egypt’s National AI Governance Framework, prepared by the Egyptian Center for Responsible Artificial Intelligence (ECRAI), which serves as the implementation and technical body of the NCAI. The guide serves as the central strategic document of the framework and defines its scope by introducing risk tiers, a “Dual-Check” compliance logic, and an institut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "National Council for Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Emerging Technologies", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg/", "description": "In January 2026, the Cabinet approved expanding the mandate of the National Council for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI) to include quantum computing and emerging technologies. Following this decision, the body was renamed the National Council for Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Emerging Technologies. The expansion reflects a broader remit for the council beyond its original focus on artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "Governing AI with inclusion: An Egyptian model for the Global South", "url": "", "description": "Egypt has accelerated its commitment to AI as a pillar of its vision for sustainable development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "以包容性治理人工智能：南方国家的埃及模式", "description_zh": "埃及加快了对人工智能的承诺，将其作为可持续发展愿景的支柱。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-26", "title": "Egypt’s AI strategy is more about development than AI", "url": "", "description": "Egypt is striving to exploit AI technologies to serve its development goals and foster regional co-operation on AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃及的人工智能战略更多的是发展而不是人工智能", "description_zh": "埃及正在努力利用人工智能技术服务其发展目标，并促进人工智能区域合作。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2022", "title": "NCCM/EG-CERT review and amendment of Egypt's Child Online Protection Strategy", "url": "https://egcert.eg/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/COP-initiatives.docx-1-1.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2022, the Egyptian National Computer Emergency Readiness Team (EG-CERT), in cooperation with the National Council for Childhood and Motherhood (NCCM), launched an initiative to review and amend Egypt’s Child Online Protection Strategy. A committee, composed of representatives from the concerned authorities in the country, has been formed to develop a national strategy aimed at addressing the evolving online risks to children and improving the effectiveness of protection measur...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NCCM/EG-CERT 审查和修订埃及儿童上网保护战略", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 26 日，埃及国家计算机应急准备小组 (EG-CERT) 与国家儿童和母亲理事会 (NCCM) 合作，发起了一项审查和修订埃及儿童上网保护战略的倡议。已经成立了一个由该国有关当局代表组成的委员会，以制定一项国家战略，旨在解决儿童不断变化的网络风险并提高保护措施的有效性。" }, { "date": "21 January 2021", "title": "EG-CERT advisory on potential cyber threats", "url": "https://egcert.eg/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Alert-info_Ar_Final.pdf", "description": "On 21 January 2021, the Egyptian National Computer Emergency Readiness Team (EG-CERT) issued an advisory on potential cyber threats. The advisory includes a set of actions and measures that institutions must take to protect their assets and networks from cyber threats. The advisory highlights the risks to digital infrastructure and the potential impact on public safety from cyber incidents, including ransomware attacks and website defacement. It outlines key measures such as multi-factor auth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EG-CERT 关于潜在网络威胁的咨询", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 21 日，埃及国家计算机应急准备小组 (EG-CERT) 发布了有关潜在网络威胁的咨询。该建议包括机构必须采取的一系列行动和措施，以保护其资产和网络免受网络威胁。该建议强调了数字基础设施面临的风险以及网络事件（包括勒索软件攻击和网站篡改）对公共安全的潜在影响。它概述了多因素身份验证等关键措施..." }, { "date": "8 July 2025", "title": "National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority's Regulatory Framework for Providing Cybersecurity Services", "url": "https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/CERT-FW.pdf", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the National Telecommunications Regulatory Authority's Regulatory Framework for Providing Cybersecurity Services entered into force. The framework defines regulatory requirements for entities providing or using cybersecurity services. It specifies terms such as cybersecurity services, critical infrastructure, and service providers, and mandates adherence to technical and organisational standards. The framework establishes obligations for service providers, including complia...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家电信监管局提供网络安全服务的监管框架", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 7 日，国家电信监管局《提供网络安全服务的监管框架》生效。该框架定义了提供或使用网络安全服务的实体的监管要求。它指定了网络安全服务、关键基础设施和服务提供商等术语，并要求遵守技术和组织标准。该框架规定了服务提供商的义务，包括遵守..." }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Minister of Finance Decree no. 160 including VAT guidelines for digital services and other remote services provided by non-residents", "url": "https://www.eta.gov.eg/sites/default/files/2023-03/guidelines-digital-services%26other.pdf", "description": "On 22 June 2023, the Minister of Finance's Decree no. 160 of 2023 issuing the value-added tax (VAT) guidelines for digital services and other remote services provided by non-residents entered into force. The guidelines require non-resident service providers and electronic distribution platform (EDP) operators offering remote services to Egyptian customers to register and remit VAT, with a standard rate of 14% and 10% for professional and consultancy services. Business-to-business (B2B) trans...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部长令第 10 号160 包括非居民提供的数字服务和其他远程服务的增值税指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 22 日，财政部长第 22 号法令。 2023 年第 160 号公告发布了非居民提供的数字服务和其他远程服务的增值税 (VAT) 指南，该指南已生效。 该指南要求向埃及客户提供远程服务的非居民服务提供商和电子分销平台（EDP）运营商注册并缴纳增值税，专业和咨询服务的标准税率为14%和10%。企业对企业 (B2B) 交易..." }, { "date": "17 October 2020", "title": "Measures establishing Personal Data Protection Center in Personal Data Protection Law (No. 151 of 2020)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/Upcont/Documents/Reports%20and%20Documents_1232021000_Law_No_151_2020_Personal_Data_Protection.pdf", "description": "On 17 October 2020, Personal Data Protection Law (No. 151 of 2020) entered into force. The law establishes the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) as the national authority overseeing data protection. The PDPC is responsible for developing policies, standards, and guidelines to protect personal data. Its governance includes a board of directors with representatives from key ministries and agencies. The PDPC issues licences, conducts inspections, and enforces compliance through legal action...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护法（2020年第151号）设立个人信息保护中心的办法", "description_zh": "2020年10月17日，《个人信息保护法》（2020年第151号）生效。该法律设立个人数据保护中心（PDPC）作为监督数据保护的国家机构。 PDPC 负责制定保护个人数据的政策、标准和指南。其治理包括由主要部委和机构的代表组成的董事会。 PDPC 颁发许可证、进行检查并通过法律行动强制遵守......" }, { "date": "28 August 2020", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Executive Regulation for Law No. 175 of 2018 on Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes (Prime Minister's Decree No. 1699 of 2020)", "url": "https://www.tra.gov.eg/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/اللائحة-التنفيذية-للقانون-رقم-175-لسنة-2018-بشأن-مكافحة-جرائم-تقنية-المعلومات-1.pdf", "description": "On 28 August 2020, Executive Regulation for Law No. 175 of 2018 on Anti-Cyber and Information Technology Crimes (Prime Minister's Decree No. 1699 of 2020) entered into force. The Executive Regulation outlines cybersecurity measures to safeguard data and digital infrastructures against threats. It mandates the use of encryption standards, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a minimum key length of 128 bits for general systems and 256 bits for critical infrastructure. Additionally, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2018年第175号反网络信息技术犯罪法执行条例中的网络安全规定（2020年第1699号总理令）", "description_zh": "2020年8月28日，2018年第175号反网络信息技术犯罪法执行条例（2020年第1699号总理令）生效。该行政法规概述了保护数据和数字基础设施免受威胁的网络安全措施。它要求使用加密标准，例如高级加密标准 (AES)，一般系统的最小密钥长度为 128 位，关键基础设施的最小密钥长度为 256 位。此外， ..." }, { "date": "18 August 2020", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation", "url": "https://wipolex-resources-eu-central-1-358922420655.s3.amazonaws.com/edocs/lexdocs/laws/ar/eg/eg075ar.pdf", "description": "On 18 August 2020, Law No. 180 of 2018 on Press, Media, and the Supreme Council for Media Regulation (SCMR) entered into force. Entities, institutions, press, media outlets, and websites were required to comply with the provisions of the law and its executive regulation within six months of the enforcement of the executive regulation. The law prohibits media outlets and electronic platforms from publishing or broadcasting content that incites violence, hatred, or discrimination, or that viola...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2018 年第 180 号法律关于新闻、媒体和媒体监管最高委员会的内容审核监管", "description_zh": "2020 年 8 月 18 日，关于新闻、媒体和媒体监管最高委员会 (SCMR) 的 2018 年第 180 号法律生效。各单位、机构、新闻媒体、网站应当自本实施条例施行之日起六个月内遵守本法及其实施条例的规定。该法律禁止媒体和电子平台发布或广播煽动暴力、仇恨或歧视的内容，或者..." }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Operational license requirement in Executive Regulations of the Personal Data Protection Law (Ministerial Decision No. 816 of 2025)", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xZDhNrWWLMXuwMWd0qZlgOulAETuUTx2/view?usp=sharing", "description": "On 2 November 2025, the Executive Regulations of the Personal Data Protection Law issued by Law No. 151 of 2020 entered into force on the day following their publication in the Official Gazette, as issued by Minister of Communications and Information Technology Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Executive Regulations establish a framework for the classification, authorisation, licensing, registration, and accreditation of data controllers, personal data processors, platforms, and related activitie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《个人信息保护法实施条例》中的经营许可要求（部令2025年第816号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 2 日，2020 年第 151 号法颁布的《个人数据保护法执行条例》于 2025 年第 816 号通信和信息技术部决定发布在官方公报上发布后的第二天生效。该执行条例建立了数据控制者、个人数据处理者、平台和相关活动的分类、授权、许可、注册和认证的框架。" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Licences and Permits Guidelines", "url": "Egypt g/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/Licenses%20and%20Permits.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Licences and Permits Guidelines, Version 1.1, pursuant to Article 19 of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) enacted by Law No. 151 of the year 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines set out the distinction between licences and permits for personal data processing, including definitions, eligibility, and validity periods. They establish categories of general and supple...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "执照和许可指南", "description_zh": "2026年1月26日，个人数据保护中心（PDPC）根据2020年第151号法颁布的《个人数据保护法》（PDPL）第十九条和2025年第816号决定颁布的《执行条例》，发布了《许可证和许可指南》1.1版。指南规定了个人数据处理许可证和许可证之间的区别，包括定义、资格和有效性期间。他们建立了一般和补充的类别..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Record of Processing Activities Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/RoPA.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) issued the Record of Processing Activities Guidelines Version 1.1, providing regulatory guidance on the documentation of personal data processing activities pursuant to the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines state that all data users must document processing activities in a Record of Processing Activities (RoPA) and distinguis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加工活动记录指南", "description_zh": "2026年1月26日，个人数据保护中心（PDPC）发布了《处理活动记录指南》1.1版，根据2020年第151号法律制定的《个人数据保护法》和2025年第816号决定发布的《执行条例》，为个人数据处理活动的记录提供监管指南。指南规定，所有数据用户必须在处理活动记录（RoPA）中记录处理活动，并区分..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Electronic Direct Marketing Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/EDM.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Electronic Direct Marketing Guidelines (Version 1.1). The Guidelines clarify obligations under Chapter 8 of the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of the year 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines apply to Electronic Direct Marketing Communications that are electronic and direct communications targeted at specific individuals to promote goods, services, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电子直接营销指南", "description_zh": "2026年1月26日，个人数据保护中心（PDPC）发布了电子直复营销指南（1.1版）。该指南明确了 2020 年第 151 号法颁布的《个人数据保护法》第八章和 2025 年第 816 号决定颁布的《执行条例》规定的义务。该指南适用于电子直销通信，即针对特定个人以推销商品、服务等的电子直接通信。" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Lawful Bases of Processing Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/Lawful%20Basis.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Lawful Bases of Processing Guidelines, Version 1.1, which outline the lawful bases for processing personal data under Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of the year 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines clarify the lawfulness principle and describe how Data Users may identify and assess an appropriate lawful basis prior to initiating a p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "处理指南的合法依据", "description_zh": "2026年1月26日，个人资料保护中心（PDPC）发布了《处理个人资料的合法依据指引》1.1版，概述了2020年第151号法律颁布的《个人资料保护法》第六条和2025年第816号决定颁布的《执行条例》处理个人资料的合法依据。《指引》阐明了合法性原则，并描述了数据用户如何识别和评估适当的合法依据。开始之前的基础..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Data Subject Consent Guidelines", "url": "https://pdpc.gov.eg/assets/pdf-data/Guidelines/DSConsent.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Center (PDPC) released the Data Subject Consent Guidelines, Version 1.1, setting out non-binding guidance on consent as a lawful basis for processing under Article 3 and Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Law enacted by Law No. 151 of 2020 and the Executive Regulations issued by Decision No. 816 of 2025. The Guidelines identify six lawful bases and explain that consent requires a clear affirmative action and must be assessed case by case...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据主体同意指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，个人数据保护中心 (PDPC) 发布了《数据主体同意指南》1.1 版，规定了关于同意作为 2020 年第 151 号法律颁布的《个人数据保护法》第 3 条和第 6 条以及 2025 年第 816 号决定颁布的《执行条例》下处理的合法依据的非约束性指南。该指南确定了六个合法依据，并解释同意需要明确的依据平权行动，必须逐案评估......" }, { "title": "Egypt National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (First Edition)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/en", "description": "AI law in Egypt: Egypt's first National AI Strategy launched in 2021 aims to position the country as a regional AI leader by focusing on capacity building, government digitization, sectoral AI applications, and international cooperation. The strategy establishes the National Council for AI under MCIT to oversee implementation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃及国家人工智能战略（第一版）", "description_zh": "埃及的人工智能法：埃及于 2021 年启动的第一个国家人工智能战略旨在通过重点关注能力建设、政府数字化、部门人工智能应用和国际合作，将该国定位为区域人工智能领导者。该战略在 MCIT 下设立了国家人工智能委员会来监督实施......" }, { "title": "Egypt Draft Artificial Intelligence Law", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg", "description": "AI law in Egypt: Egypt's Draft AI Law is a legislative proposal under development that aims to establish binding regulations for AI systems. Developed through participatory consultations praised by the Inter-Parliamentary Union as a model for inclusive governance, the draft focuses on transparency, fairness, protection of vulnerable groups, and supporting AI innovation while aligning with international commitments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃及人工智能法草案", "description_zh": "埃及的人工智能法：埃及的人工智能法草案是一项正在制定的立法提案，旨在为人工智能系统制定具有约束力的法规。该草案是通过被各国议会联盟称赞为包容性治理典范的参与式磋商制定的，重点关注透明度、公平性、保护弱势群体以及支持人工智能创新，同时符合国际承诺……" }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "Ministers launch new phase of cooperation on digital transformation and AI", "url": "https://mohesr.gov.eg/en/all-news/enhancing-digital-transformation-in-the-higher-education-sector", "description": "Here is a professional English translation suitable for publication on the Ministry’s website: Prof. Dr. Abdelaziz Konsowa: We aim to provide AI...", "categories": [ "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "部长们开启数字化转型和人工智能新阶段合作", "description_zh": "埃及高等教育和科学研究部长以及通信和信息技术部长启动了新阶段的合作，以推进高等教育领域的数字化转型。此次合作重点关注四个主要领域：能力建设、人工智能、数字化转型以及创新创业支持。主要举措包括将人工智能工具融入大学、建立科技园将研究与产业联系起来，以及在所有埃及大学实施数字化转型项目。该合作旨在培养一支精通现代技术的劳动力队伍，提高教育质量，并提高埃及毕业生在全球劳动力市场的竞争力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 March 2026", "title": "Egypt releases national guidelines for trustworthy and responsible AI", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg/SynchedFiles/ar/Resources/Egypt%20National%20Guidelines%20for%20Trustworthy%20and%20Responsible%20AI.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.eg) dated 14 March 2026 in EG. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃及发布值得信赖和负责任的人工智能国家指南", "description_zh": "埃及国家人工智能、量子计算和新兴技术委员会 (NCAI) 发布了《值得信赖和负责任的人工智能国家指南》。该指南由埃及负责任人工智能中心 (ECRAI) 编写，根据埃及 2030 年愿景和国家人工智能战略（2025-2030），为公共和私营部门人工智能系统的开发、部署和监督提供了国家参考。该指南是国家人工智能治理框架的一部分，并作为实施人工智能实践的操作文件。它们适用于埃及的所有人工智能参与者，包括政府实体、私营部门开发商和个人，涵盖从设计和数据准备到部署、监控和退役的整个人工智能生命周期。它们围绕四个支柱构建：机构治理、人工智能生命周期治理、利益相关者参与以及社会和可持续性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 November 2025", "title": "Egypt has taken serious steps toward AI governance framework, says foreign minister", "url": "https://egyptian-gazette.com/egypt/fm-egypt-takes-serious-steps-towards-building-integrated-national-framework-for-ai-governance/", "description": "Primary source (egyptian-gazette.com) dated 16 November 2025 in EG. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "外交部长表示，埃及已在人工智能治理框架方面采取了认真的步骤", "description_zh": "据报道，在开罗举行的第二届人工智能、数据中心和云会议暨展览会（AIDC2 '25）上，埃及外交部长巴德尔·阿卜杜拉蒂强调埃及为建立全面的人工智能治理国家框架所做的认真努力，包括成立国家人工智能委员会以及采取分阶段国家战略，将人工智能融入各个领域并加强数字基础设施。阿卜杜拉蒂部长强调了人工智能加速可持续发展和创新的潜力，强调埃及在制定统一的阿拉伯和非洲人工智能战略方面发挥的主导区域作用，积极参与联合国的全球人工智能治理讨论，以及加强其作为区域技术创新中心地位的雄心。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='egyptian-gazette.com', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "EU and Egypt release joint statement on digital connectivity and data governance, covering AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_2490", "description": "We, the leaders of the European Union and the Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter Egypt), held our first EU-Egypt Summit in Brussels, Belgium on 22 October 2025 and concluded the following:\\n\\nToday\\'s S", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟和埃及发布关于数字连接和数据治理的联合声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "欧盟和埃及发表关于数字互联和数据治理的联合声明，重申致力于推进数字化转型合作。此次合作旨在调动投资，创建安全可靠的数字连接并增强数据基础设施。重点领域包括推进网络安全、促进人工智能和数据经济的发展。宣言进一步强调人才发展和数字技能的提高。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金砖国家+签署人工智能治理宣言", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非，以及截至 2025 年 1 月 1 日的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的外交部长在里约热内卢举行会议后发表了一份宣言，其中包括承诺在人工智能方面优先考虑透明度、道德标准、数据保护和公平的发展成果，特别是在解决国家之间和国家内部的数字和数据不平等方面。金砖+外长强调在联合国框架内建立包容性、代表性的人工智能国际治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "Egypt preparing laws to regulate AI, data exchange and classification", "url": "https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/1239/537194/Business/Tech/Egypt-preparing-laws-to-regulate-AI,-data-exchange.aspx", "description": "Primary source (english.ahram.org.eg) dated 18 December 2024 in EG. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃及正在制定监管人工智能、数据交换和分类的法律", "description_zh": "据悉，埃及通信和信息技术部长阿姆鲁·塔拉特在与世界银行负责数字化转型的副行长的会议上宣布，埃及正在制定一套法律来规范人工智能以及数据的交换和分类。这一进展的更多细节尚未透露。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "Parliament to issue document evaluating AI ethics and controls in Egypt", "url": "https://www.egyptindependent.com/parliament-to-issue-document-evaluating-ai-ethics-and-controls-in-egypt/", "description": "The Education Committee of the Egyptian Senate agreed on the need to issue a document evaluating the ethics and control of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Egypt .", "categories": [ "Education" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "议会将发布评估埃及人工智能道德和控制的文件", "description_zh": "埃及参议院教育委员会同意有必要发布一份评估埃及人工智能道德和控制的文件。参议院教育委员会批准了关于发布人工智能伦理文件的提案，以规范人工智能应用的使用和开发，并努力降低其使用和对社会影响所产生的风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "National Guidelines for Trustworthy and Responsible AI (2026)", "url": "https://ai.gov.eg/SynchedFiles/ar/Resources/Egypt%20National%20Guidelines%20for%20Trustworthy%20and%20Responsible%20AI.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.eg) in EG. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "值得信赖和负责任的人工智能国家指南（2026）：", "description_zh": "埃及国家人工智能、量子计算和新兴技术委员会 (NCAI) 发布了《值得信赖和负责任的人工智能国家指南》。该指南由埃及负责任人工智能中心 (ECRAI) 编写，根据埃及 2030 年愿景和国家人工智能战略（2025-2030），为公共和私营部门人工智能系统的开发、部署和监督提供了国家参考。该指南是国家人工智能治理框架的一部分，并作为实施人工智能实践的操作文件。它们适用于埃及的所有人工智能参与者，包括政府实体、私营部门开发商和个人，涵盖从设计和数据准备到部署、监控和退役的整个人工智能生命周期。它们围绕四个支柱构建：机构治理、人工智能生命周期治理、利益相关者参与以及社会和可持续性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Egyptian Charter for Responsible AI (2023)", "url": "https://aicm.ai.gov.eg/en/Resources/EgyptianCharterForResponsibleAIEnglish-v1.0.pdf", "description": "Primary source (aicm.ai.gov.eg) in EG. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃及负责任人工智能宪章（2023）：", "description_zh": "国家人工智能委员会发布了一份章程，首次尝试阐明埃及对道德和负责任的人工智能各种准则的解释，适应当地情况并结合可行的见解，以帮助确保该国负责任地开发、部署、管理和使用人工智能系统。该章程服务于五个主要价值观：(1) 以人为本，(2) 透明度和可解释性，(3) 公平，(4) 问责制，以及 (5) 安全保障。价值观是通过遵循 13 条通用指南（适用于人工智能生态系统所有成员的总体规则）和 16 条实施指南（技术考虑因素）来培育的，主要适用于开发、部署或管理人工智能系统的任何实体。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='aicm.ai.gov.eg', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /en/Resources/EgyptianCharterForResponsibleAIEnglish-v1.0.pdf (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:10", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "National AI Strategy (2021)", "url": "https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Artificial_Intelligence#:~:text=The%20National%20AI%20Strategy%E2%80%94to,technologies%20and%20transform%20the%20economy.", "description": "The National Council for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), established in 2019, serves as Egypt’s highest authority for AI policy direction and governance. Chaired by the ICT Minister, the Council brings together representatives from government, academia, and industry to ensure a coordinated and future-ready national approach. In January 2026, NCAI expanded its mandate and became the National Council for Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, and Emerging Technologies, reflecting global technological advances and aligning with international standards. The Council is responsible for: - Issui", "categories": [ "Energy & Environment" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略（2021）：", "description_zh": "该战略旨在在埃及创建人工智能产业，包括技能、技术、生态系统、基础设施和治理机制的开发，以确保其在未来 3 至 5 年内的可持续性和竞争力。该战略有 4 个支柱：(1) 政府人工智能，(2) 人工智能促进发展，(3) 能力建设，(4) 国际关系。这些支柱由 4 个推动因素支持：(1) 治理、(2) 数据、(3) 生态系统和 (4) 基础设施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 42, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "818" }, { "id": "ER", "title": "Eritrea", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "232" }, { "id": "ET", "title": "Ethiopia", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-06-30", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Electronic Transactions Proclamation (No. 1205/2020)", "url": "http://www.ecc.gov.et/web/ecc/proclamations/-/document_library/fIrbyLVlmPJq/view_file/761466", "description": "On 30 June 2020, the Electronic Transactions Proclamation No. 1205/2020 which includes provisions on data protection within e-commerce platforms entered into force. The legislation sets guidelines for handling personal information, requiring platforms to ensure secure data transmission and storage. It establishes the responsibilities of e-commerce intermediaries in preserving user privacy and outlines mechanisms for securing consumer data through recognised security standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-28", "title": "Network Security Administration investigation into infrastructure providers", "url": "https://press.et/herald/?p=83990", "description": "On 28 October 2023, the Information Network Security Administration (INSA) issued rulings in the investigation into cybersecurity vulnerabilities affecting infrastructure providers operating in the domains of cloud computing, storage and databases, and internet and telecom services. The investigation identified 657 risk-level gaps across 123 institutions. Of these gaps, 187 were classified as high risk, 273 as medium, and 192 as low risk. The investigation attributed these vulnerabilities to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-27", "title": "National AI Policy", "url": "https://aii.et/the-council-of-ministers-unanimously-decide-to-implement-the-national-artificial-intelligence-policy/", "description": "On 27 June 2024, Ethiopia's Council of Ministers approved the country's first National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy during its 37th regular meeting. The policy follows a three-year consultative process involving various stakeholders and aims to support social and economic development while strengthening the domestic AI industry. The policy outlines the government's objectives for the AI sector and provides a framework for its integration across different areas. It highlights the need f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-23", "title": "Establishment of Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute under Council of Ministers Regulation No. 510/2022", "url": "https://mojcdn.com/law/artificial-intelligence-institute-establishment-council-of-ministers-regulation/", "description": "On 23 April 2022, the Council of Ministers Regulation No. 510/2022 establishing the Artificial Intelligence Institute entered into force. The Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute is established as an autonomous federal government entity answerable to the Prime Minister. This regulation outlines the institute's role as a hub for AI research and development with the power to design AI research plans, formulate national AI policies, and support public-private AI collaboration. It also set...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "Age verification requirement in Personal Data Protection Proclamation (Proclamation No. 1321/2024)", "url": "https://eca.et/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/personal_data_protection_proclamation_No_1321_2024.pdf", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Proclamation enters into force. The proclamation defines a minor as a data subject under 16 years old. It mandates that processing a minor’s personal data must prioritise their rights and best interests, with the data controller responsible for proving compliance. The processing of minors' data is lawful only with consent from a parent, guardian, or tutor or when necessary for the minor’s vital interests. The data controller must verify the minor’...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人资料保护公告中的年龄验证要求（公告第 1321/2024 号）", "description_zh": "《个人数据保护公告》于 2024 年 7 月 24 日生效。该公告将未成年人定义为 16 岁以下的数据主体。它要求处理未成年人的个人数据必须优先考虑他们的权利和最大利益，数据控制者负责证明合规性。只有在获得父母、监护人或导师的同意或为了未成年人的切身利益而有必要时，处理未成年人的数据才是合法的。数据控制者必须验证未成年人的..." }, { "date": "25 February 2021", "title": "Security obligations in NBE Financial Consumer Protection (Directive No. FCP/01/2020)", "url": "https://nbe.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/FCP-01-2020.pdf", "description": "On 25 February 2021, the Financial Consumer Protection Directive No. FCP/01/2020 entered into force. The directive mandates that Financial Services Providers implement policies to ensure data confidentiality and security, inform consumers about these policies and data practices, and make them accessible. Providers must protect data through organisational, physical, and technical measures, collect data lawfully for legitimate purposes, and use it consistently with the original collection purpo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NBE 金融消费者保护中的安全义务（指令号 FCP/01/2020）", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 25 日，第 FCP/01/2020 号金融消费者保护指令生效。该指令要求金融服务提供商实施政策以确保数据机密性和安全性，向消费者通报这些政策和数据实践，并使其易于访问。提供者必须通过组织、物理和技术措施保护数据，为合法目的合法收集数据，并按照原始收集目的使用数据。" }, { "date": "4 February 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in NBE Requirements for Information Technology Management of Microfinance Institution (Directive No. MFI/33/2022)", "url": "https://nbe.gov.et/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/mif-33-2022.pdf", "description": "On 2 April 2025, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE)'s Requirements for Information Technology (IT) Management of Microfinance Institution Directive No. MFI/33/2022 enter into force. Microfinance institutions were required to implement the requirements for automation of core business processes (Article 5) and set up a disaster recovery site with adequate detachment from the main IT site (Article 6.7). The directive mandates that institutions must develop IT risk management programmes, includi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NBE 小额信贷机构信息技术管理要求中的网络安全监管（指令号：MFI/33/2022）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 2 日，埃塞俄比亚国家银行 (NBE) 小额信贷机构信息技术 (IT) 管理要求指令 MFI/33/2022 生效。小额信贷机构必须落实核心业务流程自动化的要求（第 5 条），并建立与主 IT 站点充分分离的灾难恢复站点（第 6.7 条）。该指令要求机构必须制定 IT 风险管理计划，包括..." }, { "date": "26 August 2021", "title": "Data localisation requirement in ECA Telecommunications Consumer Rights and Protection (Directive No. 832/2021)", "url": "https://eca.et/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Telecommunications-Consumer-Rights-and-Protection-Directive-No.-832-2021-English.pdf", "description": "On 26 August 2021, the Ethiopian Communications Authority (ECA) issued the Telecommunications Consumer Rights and Protection Directive No. 832/2021. The directive entered into force on the date of its publication. The directive mandates that consumer data must be processed exclusively within servers or data centres located in Ethiopia, and any transfer of data requires either a court order or explicit consumer consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ECA 电信消费者权利和保护中的数据本地化要求（第 832/2021 号指令）", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 26 日，埃塞俄比亚通信管理局 (ECA) 发布了第 832/2021 号电信消费者权利和保护指令。该指令自发布之日起生效。该指令规定，消费者数据必须仅在位于埃塞俄比亚的服务器或数据中心内进行处理，任何数据传输都需要法院命令或消费者的明确同意。" }, { "date": "18 April 2023", "title": "Digital Identification Proclamation (No. 1284/2023)", "url": "https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/federal_proclamation/Ethiopia-Digital-ID-proclamation-1284-2023.pdf", "description": "On 18 April 2023, the Digital Identification Proclamation (No. 1284/2023) entered into force. The law mandates that relying parties seeking to make digital identification a requirement for service provision must obtain regulatory approval and ensure that personal data retention periods are specified by a directive from the Digital Identification Institution. The law aims to enhance authentication services' security by limiting personal data disclosure to the minimum necessary and emphasising ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字识别公告（第 1284/2023 号）", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 18 日，《数字识别公告》（第 1284/2023 号）生效。该法律规定，寻求将数字识别作为服务提供要求的依赖方必须获得监管部门的批准，并确保数字识别机构的指令规定了个人数据的保留期限。该法律旨在通过将个人数据披露限制在必要的最低限度并强调……来增强身份验证服务的安全性。" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "Information Network Security Administration investigation into data breaches", "url": "https://press.et/herald/?p=103811", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Information Network Security Administration (INSA) issued a report outlining approximately 8,854 cyber-attack attempts prevented during the 2023/24 fiscal year. INSA also launched the fifth National Cyber Security Month, focusing on \"Critical Infrastructure Security for Digital Sovereignty,\" to raise awareness about the increasing global cyber threats affecting Ethiopia. INSA Director General Tigist Hamid emphasised the need to protect critical sectors, such as hospita...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息网络安全管理局对数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 11 日，信息网络安全管理局 (INSA) 发布了一份报告，概述了 2023/24 财年阻止的约 8,854 起网络攻击尝试。 INSA 还启动了第五个国家网络安全月，重点关注“数字主权的关键基础设施安全”，以提高人们对影响埃塞俄比亚的日益严重的全球网络威胁的认识。 INSA 总干事 Tigist Hamid 强调需要保护关键部门，例如医院……" }, { "date": "23 March 2020", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation No.1185 /2020", "url": "https://ema.gov.et/87", "description": "On 23 March 2020, the Hate Speech and Disinformation Prevention and Suppression Proclamation (No. 1185/2020) entered into force. The law prohibits hate speech, defined as communication that deliberately promotes hatred, discrimination, or attacks against individuals or groups based on protected characteristics such as ethnicity, religion, race, gender, or disability. It also prohibits disinformation, characterised as false information shared by someone who knew or should have known it was fal...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "仇恨言论和虚假信息预防和抑制公告第 1185 号 /2020 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2020 年 3 月 23 日，《仇恨言论和虚假信息预防和压制公告》（第 1185/2020 号）生效。该法律禁止仇恨言论，仇恨言论是指基于民族、宗教、种族、性别或残疾等受保护特征故意煽动仇恨、歧视或攻击个人或群体的言论。它还禁止虚假信息，其特征是由知道或应该知道虚假信息的人分享的虚假信息......" }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://www.gcs.gov.et/en/2025/12/03/1657/", "description": "AI law in Ethiopia: Ethiopia’s National Artificial Intelligence Policy sets a national, cross-sectoral framework to guide AI development, deployment and oversight. Adopted by the federal executive in 2024, the policy prioritizes data governance, capacity building, ethical and accountable AI, sectoral integration (health, finance, agriculture, security), and institutional arrangements led by the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute and sector regulators....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能政策", "description_zh": "埃塞俄比亚的人工智能法：埃塞俄比亚的国家人工智能政策制定了一个国家跨部门框架来指导人工智能的开发、部署和监督。该政策将于 2024 年由联邦行政部门通过，优先考虑数据治理、能力建设、道德和负责任的人工智能、部门一体化（卫生、金融、农业、安全）以及由埃塞俄比亚人工智能研究所和部门监管机构领导的制度安排……" }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Institute Establishment Council of Ministers Regulation No. 510/2022", "url": "https://www.justice.gov.et/laws/artificial-intelligence-institute-establishment-council-of-ministers-regulation/", "description": "AI law in Ethiopia: This regulation establishes the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute (EAII) as an autonomous federal body to guide AI development and implementation in Ethiopia....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能研究所设立部长理事会条例第 510/2022 号", "description_zh": "埃塞俄比亚的人工智能法：该法规将埃塞俄比亚人工智能研究所（EAII）设立为一个自治的联邦机构，以指导埃塞俄比亚的人工智能开发和实施......" }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection Proclamation No. 1321/2024", "url": "https://justice.gov.et/en/law/personal-data-protection-proclamation/", "description": "AI law in Ethiopia: Ethiopia's comprehensive data protection law establishing a legal framework for personal data processing, granting data subjects rights to access, rectify, erase, and restrict processing of their data. The Proclamation designates the Ethiopian Communications Authority as the supervisory authority and requires data breach notification within 72 hours....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护公告第 1321/2024 号", "description_zh": "埃塞俄比亚的人工智能法：埃塞俄比亚全面的数据保护法为个人数据处理建立了法律框架，授予数据主体访问、纠正、删除和限制其数据处理的权利。该公告指定埃塞俄比亚通信管理局作为监管机构，并要求在 72 小时内发出数据泄露通知......" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "China and Ethiopia pledge closer cooperation in areas from infrastructure to AI", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjbzhd/202601/t20260110_11810461.html", "description": "On January 8, 2026 local time, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Foreign Minister Wang Yi held talks with Ethiopian Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos in Addis Ababa.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国和埃塞俄比亚承诺在基础设施、人工智能等领域加强合作", "description_zh": "中国外交部长王毅会见埃塞俄比亚总理阿比·艾哈迈德，呼吁加强与非洲增长最快经济体的合作，包括基础设施、绿色工业和数字经济等领域的合作。王部长表示，中方愿同埃方更好对接发展战略，推动两国“全天候战略伙伴关系”迈上新台阶。双方同意深化贸易、基础设施、能源、交通、法律等传统领域以及电子商务、人工智能、绿色能源等新领域合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Ethiopian AI Institute becoming Africa’s most visible, influential Institute, says Prime Minister", "url": "https://www.ena.et/web/eng/w/eng_7724441", "description": "Addis Ababa, November 17, 2025 (ENA) -- Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed announced that the Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute (AII) has positioned itself as one of Africa’s most visible and influential AI institutions. Speaking at a ceremony marking the Institute’s move to the former Ethiopian Broadcasting Corporation building, PM Abiy highlighted the AII’s “remarkable” progress over the past five years. According to the prime minister, key achievements include the development of an internationally patented breast cancer detection technology and a patented system for identifying diseases in", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总理表示，埃塞俄比亚人工智能研究所成为非洲最引人注目、最有影响力的研究所", "description_zh": "据悉，总理阿比·艾哈迈德表示，埃塞俄比亚人工智能研究所（AII）已成为非洲最引人注目、最有影响力的人工智能机构之一。在过去五年中，AII 取得了重要的里程碑，包括开发用于乳腺癌检测和诊断咖啡和其他农产品疾病的国际专利技术。该研究所在硬件设计、无人机生产和通信技术方面拥有先进的技术。 AII 创建了“Mesob”平台，提供 100 多种服务，并开发了数字解决方案来实现政府运营现代化。它还在云计算和语言技术方面取得了进展，无需第三方翻译即可实现多种埃塞俄比亚语言的交流。阿比总理强调埃塞俄比亚拥抱正在进行的人工智能革命以避免落后于全球进步的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金砖国家+签署人工智能治理宣言", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非，以及截至 2025 年 1 月 1 日的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的外交部长在里约热内卢举行会议后发表了一份宣言，其中包括承诺在人工智能方面优先考虑透明度、道德标准、数据保护和公平的发展成果，特别是在解决国家之间和国家内部的数字和数据不平等方面。金砖+外长强调在联合国框架内建立包容性、代表性的人工智能国际治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy implemented", "url": "https://aii.et/the-council-of-ministers-unanimously-decide-to-implement-the-national-artificial-intelligence-policy/#", "description": "Primary source (aii.et): Ethiopian Artificial Intelligence Institute.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家人工智能政策实施", "description_zh": "经过与主要利益相关者三年的磋商后，埃塞俄比亚部长理事会一致批准了国家人工智能政策。该政策涵盖数据管理、人力资源开发、研究与开发、援助与鼓励、基础设施、法律与道德、合作与协调等多个关键领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 18, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "231" }, { "id": "FO", "title": "Faroe Islands", "entries": [ { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "Nordic data protection authorities issue declaration on children's data protection in gaming, AI, and administrative fines", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/86d8d858f8cc47b18eef8ec000fe5cf8/oslo-declaration_signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (datatilsynet.no) dated 31 May 2024 in FO. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北欧数据保护机构发布游戏、人工智能和行政罚款中儿童数据保护声明", "description_zh": "丹麦、芬兰、法罗群岛、冰岛、挪威、瑞典和奥兰群岛的数据保护机构发表声明，承诺在以下方面开展合作：(1) 保护网络游戏中的儿童隐私；(2) 与 GDPR 相关的人工智能监管。该宣言强调了资源分配对于有效人工智能监督和负责任的数据处理的重要性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "234" }, { "id": "FI", "title": "Finland", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-07-29", "title": "Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Development", "url": "", "description": "Governments can help balance opportunities and risks linked to AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-17", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre guidance on cookie storage", "url": "https://www.traficom.fi/en/news/ncsc-fi-issues-updated-cookie-guidance", "description": "On 17 September 2021, the National Cyber Security Centre Finland (NCSC) updated its guidance on the storage of cookies and other data. In particular, the guidance provides a guide for end users, to help them to understand the nature and purposes of cookies, and a guide for service providers, to help them with legal compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-26", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Yandex LLC and Ridetech International compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/yango-taksipalvelun-tiedonsiirtojen-valvonta-jatkuu-euroopan-tietosuojaviranomaisten-yhteistyossa-yango-saa-jatkaa-toimintaansa-suomessa-toistaiseksi", "description": "On 26 September 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman of Finland (DPA) announced that it removed the temporary ban on personal data transfers to Russia and continues with further monitoring within the European Economic Area (EEA). Based on new findings, the Russian taxi legislation does not apply to Yango's operations and taxi brokerage. Therefore, the DPA removed the postponed ban. On 8 August 2023, the DPA issued an order banning Yandex LLC and Ridetech International from transf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "title": "Amendments to Data Protection Act and Criminal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/tietosuojalaki-ja-rikosasioiden-tietosuojalaki-muuttuvat-1.1.2024-alkaen", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the amendments to the Data Protection Act and the Criminal Data Protection Act came into force. The amendments align with the EU data protection legislation, requiring the Data Protection Ombudsman's office to resolve complaints or provide an estimated resolution timeline within three months of case initiation. Individuals can appeal to the administrative court if this is not observed. The amendments also introduce a provision for the Data Protection Ombudsman to delegate d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-20", "title": "Data Protection Commissioner investigation into Google regarding compliance with the right to be forgotten", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/korkein-hallinto-oikeus-saattoi-voimaan-apulaistietosuojavaltuutetun-paatoksen-ja-velvoitti-googlen-poistamaan-hakutuloslinkkeja", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the Supreme Administrative Court in Finland issued a ruling in the investigation into Google’s search result link in connection with the right to be forgotten granted under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The ruling enforced the decision of the Deputy Data Protection Commissioner and obliged Google to remove search result links leading to news media articles. The Court considered the public’s right to receive information and an individual's right to privacy an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2021", "title": "Designation of National Cyber Security Center as National Coordination Center in the EU for cyber security matters", "url": "https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/national-cyber-security-centre-to-be-designated-as-finland-s-national-coordination-centre-for-cyber-security-matters", "description": "On 30 September 2021, the Finnish Government submitted a legislative proposal that outlines how the National Cyber Security Center (NCSC) is to become the designated National Coordination Center for cyber security matters in Finland. The NCSC makes part of the Ministry of Transport and Communications and would cooperate with the EU European Cybersecurity Competence Center. The NCSC would be tasked with establishing a network of national stakeholders, improving research and expertise on cyber...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指定国家网络安全中心作为欧盟网络安全事务国家协调中心", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 30 日，芬兰政府提交了一项立法提案，概述了国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 如何成为芬兰指定的网络安全事务国家协调中心。 NCSC 隶属于交通和通信部，并将与欧盟欧洲网络安全能力中心合作。 NCSC 的任务是建立国家利益相关者网络，改进网络方面的研究和专业知识……" }, { "date": "5 January 2022", "title": "Data portability regulation in Finland Act on the Secondary Use of Health and Social Data", "url": "https://stm.fi/-/toisiolain-siirtymaaikaa-jatketaan-vuodella", "description": "The Act on the Secondary Use of Health and Social Data is implemented on 1 May 2022. The Act would enable the processing of personal health data in a more secure way. In particular, the Act establishes general security requirements and a legal basis to use healthcare data for scientific research, statistics, innovation, policy analysis, teaching and information management. Moreover, the Social and Health Information Permit Authority (Findata) is established. Its task is to issue data licences...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "芬兰《健康和社会数据二次使用法》中的数据可移植性监管", "description_zh": "《健康和社会数据二次使用法》于 2022 年 5 月 1 日实施。该法将使个人健康数据能够以更安全的方式处理。特别是，该法案确立了将医疗数据用于科学研究、统计、创新、政策分析、教学和信息管理的一般安全要求和法律依据。此外，还成立了社会和健康信息许可局（Findata）。它的任务是颁发数据许可证......" }, { "date": "7 April 2022", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on digital technology between Thailand and Finland", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/5725--ชัยชั วุฒิวุ --ฒิ เอ็มโอยูไทย ยู -ฟินแลนด์ต่ด์ อยอด ต่ ร่วมร่ มือมื ดิจิดิทัจิ ล", "description": "On 4 July 2022, the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on digital technology between Thailand and Finland, which was signed in 2018, was further extended. The scope of the renewed MoU was expanded to include policies and regulations on digital technology and the development of digital industries including hardware, software, digital content, and technology for services. The MoU contains provisions for cooperation in digital innovation such as big data, the Internet of things, and artificial in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰国和芬兰之间关于数字技术的谅解备忘录（MoU）", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 4 日，泰国和芬兰于 2018 年签署的数字技术谅解备忘录 (MoU) 得到进一步延期。更新后的谅解备忘录的范围扩大到包括数字技术和数字产业发展（包括硬件、软件、数字内容和服务技术）的政策和法规。谅解备忘录包含大数据、物联网、人工智能等数字创新合作的条款。" }, { "date": "30 September 2022", "title": "Guide on the Processing of Social Welfare Customer Data", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/tietosuojavaltuutetun-toimisto-julkaisi-oppaan-sosiaalihuollon-asiakastietojen-kasittelysta", "description": "On 30 September 2022, the Office of Data Protection Commissioner in Finland published the \"Guide on the Processing of Social Welfare Customer Data\". The guide contains instructions on how to implement and follow personal data protection laws. The guide expands on the rights of customers, how to keep social welfare information confidential, and the standards in place for the retention, deletion, and processing of customer data. The guide is not only meant for organisations that keep and proces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "社会福利客户数据处理指南", "description_zh": "2022年9月30日，芬兰数据保护专员办公室发布了《社会福利客户数据处理指南》。该指南包含有关如何实施和遵守个人数据保护法的说明。该指南详细介绍了客户的权利、如何对社会福利信息保密，以及保留、删除和处理客户数据的标准。该指南不仅适用于保存和处理...的组织。" }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "Investigation into Alektum Oy for alleged customers' rights violations", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/perintayhtiolle-seuraamusmaksu-vakavista-tietosuojarikkomuksista-yritys-ei-vastannut-yksityishenkiloiden-pyyntoihin-tarkastaa-omat-tietonsa", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the sanctioning committee of the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner of Finland fined EUR 750'000 the company Alektum Oy for violating individuals right to access their personal data. The charges relate to the company's failure to respond to individuals' requests to access their personal data. According to the Finnish Sanctions Board, the company failed to explain its operations and did not adequately cooperate with the data protection authority.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 Alektum Oy 涉嫌侵犯客户权利的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，芬兰数据保护专员办公室制裁委员会因侵犯个人访问其个人数据的权利而对 Alektum Oy 公司处以 75 万欧元罚款。这些指控与该公司未能回应个人访问其个人数据的请求有关。芬兰制裁委员会表示，该公司未能解释其运营情况，也没有与数据保护机构充分合作。" }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "Data Protection Ombudsman investigation in unnamed company alleged violation of GDPR in processing of health data", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/terveystietoja-ilman-asianmukaista-suostumusta-kasitelleelle-yritykselle-seuraamusmaksu?languageId=en_US", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Finnish Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman imposed an administrative fine of EUR 122'000 on an unnamed company for the alleged violation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) for not asking data subjects for their specific consent to the processing of health-related personal data. Investigations by the Office were prompted by complaints from data subjects in 2018 and 2019, and they revealed that the company did not obtain the required level of specif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护监察员对未具名公司进行调查，指控其在处理健康数据时违反了 GDPR", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，芬兰数据保护监察员办公室对一家未透露姓名的公司处以 122,000 欧元的行政罚款，原因是该公司涉嫌违反欧盟《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)，未征求数据主体对处理健康相关个人数据的具体同意。该办公室的调查是因 2018 年和 2019 年数据主体的投诉而展开的，他们透露，该公司没有获得所需水平的具体信息。" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "Public lawsuit concerning violations of data transfer requirements by the Finnish Meteorological Institute", "url": "https://finlex.fi/fi/viranomaiset/tsv/2023/20231843", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Finnish DPA filed a decision in the public lawsuit concerning violations of data transfer requirements by the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The public lawsuit was prompted by a notification from the institute regarding a data security breach. The Finnish Meteorological Institute had utilized Google Analytics and reCAPTCHA services, including cookies, on its website. As Google is a service provider based in the United States, personal data of visitors to the controlle...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于芬兰气象研究所违反数据传输要求的公开诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 27 日，芬兰 DPA 在公开诉讼中就芬兰气象研究所违反数据传输要求做出了裁决。此次公开诉讼是由该研究所发出的有关数据安全漏洞的通知引发的。芬兰气象研究所在其网站上使用了 Google Analytics 和 reCAPTCHA 服务，包括 cookie。由于 Google 是一家位于美国的服务提供商，因此控制访问者的个人数据..." }, { "date": "3 February 2023", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman investigation into Suomen Asiakastieto Oy regarding the processing of payment default information", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/en/-/administrative-fine-imposed-on-suomen-asiakastieto-for-non-compliance-with-the-data-protection-ombudsman-s-order", "description": "On 2 March 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman imposed a EUR 440'000 fine on Suomen Asiakastieto Oy for failing to erase inaccurate payment default entries in their credit information register. The inaccurate entries may have a negative impact on individuals' rights, whereby a payment default entry can trigger the credit card issuer to request the return of the card. In 2021, the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman issued a directive to the company, instructing them to cor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护监察员办公室对 Suomen Asiakastieto Oy 有关付款违约信息处理的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 2 日，数据保护监察员办公室对 Suomen Asiakastieto Oy 处以 440,000 欧元的罚款，原因是其未能删除其信用信息登记册中不准确的付款违约条目。不准确的条目可能会对个人权利产生负面影响，因此付款违约条目可能会触发信用卡发卡机构要求退回卡。 2021 年，数据保护监察员办公室向该公司发出指令，指示他们..." }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "Public Lawsuit Involving Oral Transfer of Personal Data (Endemol Shine Finland Oy v Finland/Case C-740/22)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=283530&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=292330", "description": "On 7 March 2024, the European Court of Justice (CJEU) issued an interim ruling in a public lawsuit involving the oral transfer of personal data (Endemol Shine Finland Oy v Finland). The interim ruling followed the request from the Court of Appeal of Eastern Finland submitted on 30 November 2022. Endemol Shine Finland sought to verify the criminal record of an individual involved in one of their competitions by making an oral request to a district court in Finland for information on any ongoin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及口头传输个人数据的公共诉讼（Endemol Shine Finland Oy v 芬兰/案例 C-740/22）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 7 日，欧洲法院 (CJEU) 对涉及口头传输个人数据的公开诉讼（Endemol Shine Finland Oy 诉芬兰）做出了临时裁决。该临时裁决是根据东芬兰上诉法院于 2022 年 11 月 30 日提交的请求做出的。Endemol Shine 芬兰通过向芬兰地区法院提出口头请求，要求提供有关任何正在进行的任何事件的信息，以核实参与其中一项比赛的个人的犯罪记录。" }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "Finnish Supervisory Authority investigation into Verkkokauppa retention of personal data compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2024/finnish-sa-administrative-fine-eu-856000-failing-define-storage-period_en", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the Finnish Supervisory Authority (SA) issued a decision against the online retailer Verkkokauppa, imposing an administrative fine of EUR 856'000. The fine was imposed due to the retailer's failure to define a storage period for the data collected through customer accounts on its e-commerce platform. The investigation, initiated by a customer complaint, determined that the retailer required customers to create an account to make purchases, a practice found to be in violation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "芬兰监管机构对 Verkkokauppa 保留个人数据遵守 GDPR 的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 6 日，芬兰监管机构 (SA) 发布针对在线零售商 Verkkokauppa 的决定，处以 856,000 欧元的行政罚款。罚款的原因是该零售商未能为其电子商务平台上的客户账户收集的数据定义存储期限。该调查由客户投诉发起，确定零售商要求客户创建一个帐户才能进行购买，这种做法被认为是违规的......" }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "Amendments to Cybersecurity Act to supplement and implement Critical Entity Resilience Directive (CER) and Cybersecurity Directive (NIS 2)", "url": "https://lvm.fi/sv/-/regeringens-proposition-om-andring-av-cybersakerhetslagen-pa-remiss", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the Ministry of Transport and Communications closes the consultation on proposed amendments to the Cybersecurity Act. The proposed amendments would result in the expansion of the Cybersecurity Act to include entities identified as critical for societal functions under the critical infrastructure protection law, aligning with the Critical Entity Resilience Directive (CER) and the Cybersecurity Directive (NIS 2). Entities designated as critical would be subject to risk mana...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全法修正案，以补充和实施关键实体弹性指令 (CER) 和网络安全指令 (NIS 2)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 10 日，交通运输部结束关于《网络安全法》拟议修正案的咨询。拟议的修正案将扩大《网络安全法》的范围，将关键基础设施保护法下被确定为对社会功能至关重要的实体纳入其中，并与《关键实体弹性指令》(CER) 和《网络安全指令》(NIS 2) 保持一致。被指定为关键实体将受到风险管理..." }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Act on the Supervision of Intermediary Services (Government Bill HE 70/2023) to implement Digital Services Act in Finland designating competent authorities and digital services coordinator", "url": "https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/vaski/KasittelytiedotValtiopaivaasia/Sivut/HE_70+2023.aspx?TSPD_101_R0=0814c91602ab20007921cf218d87cf9655c8aa3be87eb03e1b4dab2a5087886ee6984913aec2d1bd089fa3c821143000f95d7e691de3cd2658b1ebcfb23a85d538e33632b458049110dd0621512ee2c36380a9f6a97da25459dc92b30b6af99e#Lahetekeskustelu", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Act on the Supervision of Network Intermediary Services and Certain Other Acts (HE 70/2023) to implement Digital Services Act (DSA) in Finland designating competent authorities and digital services coordinator entered into force in Finland. The Act designates the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency (Traficom) as the Digital Services Coordinator and the national supervisory authority for compliance with the DSA. The Act supplements the DSA, which establishes a ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《中介服务监管法》（政府法案 HE 70/2023），旨在在芬兰实施《数字服务法》，指定主管机构和数字服务协调员", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 17 日，旨在实施芬兰数字服务法 (DSA) 的《网络中介服务监管法》和某些其他法案 (HE 70/2023) 在芬兰生效，该法案指定了主管机构和数字服务协调员。该法案指定芬兰运输和通信局 (Traficom) 为数字服务协调机构和 DSA 合规性国家监管机构。该法案对 DSA 进行了补充，该法案建立了..." }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman investigation into Yliopiston Apteekki over alleged unlawful disclosure of medicine-related data to tracking services (TSV/108/2022)", "url": "https://finlex.fi/fi/viranomaiset/tietosuojavaltuutettu/2025/2473", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman imposed an administrative fine of EUR 1.1 million on Yliopiston Apteekki (TSV/108/2022) following a complaint-based investigation into the pharmacy’s online shop. The decision concerned breaches of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the Ombudsman found that the company had disclosed personal data, including information about browsing behaviour and specific medicine purchases, to third-party tracking service...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护监察员办公室对 Yliopiston Apteekki 涉嫌向跟踪服务非法披露药品相关数据展开调查 (TSV/108/2022)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 27 日，数据保护监察员办公室在对 Yliopiston Apteekki 药房的网上商店进行投诉调查后对该药店处以 110 万欧元的行政罚款 (TSV/108/2022)。该决定涉及违反《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 的行为。特别是，监察员发现该公司向第三方跟踪服务披露了个人数据，包括有关浏览行为和特定药品购买的信息......" }, { "date": "9 August 2025", "title": "Data Protection Ombudsman's investigation into S-Banken over alleged information security negligence in online banking", "url": "https://www.finlex.fi/fi/viranomaiset/tietosuojavaltuutettu/2025/2479#OT1_OT0", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the Data Protection Ombudsman's Office imposed a penalty of EUR 1.8 million against S-Banken over information security negligence in online banking. The negligence stemmed from a programming error in the S-mobil login function, implemented in April 2022, which created a vulnerability allowing login with other customers' codes for over three months until August 2022. The investigation found that S-Banken did not use sufficient safeguards, failed to adequately test the new ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护监察员对 S-Banken 涉嫌网上银行信息安全疏忽展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，数据保护监察员办公室因 S-Banken 网上银行信息安全疏忽而对其处以 180 万欧元的罚款。此次疏忽源于 2022 年 4 月实施的 S-mobil 登录功能中的一个编程错误，该错误造成了一个漏洞，允许在 2022 年 8 月之前的三个多月内使用其他客户的代码登录。调查发现，S-Banken 没有采取足够的保护措施，未能充分测试新..." }, { "date": "10 March 2025", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman investigation into State Information and Communication Technology Centre over personal data transfers to United States (TSV/7/2022)", "url": "https://www.finlex.fi/en/authorities/data-protection-ombudsman/2025/2481", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman concluded its investigation into the State Information and Communication Technology Centre Valtori over personal data transfers to the United States through Amazon Web Services and Microsoft cloud services in February to April 2022 and issued a warning. The Office found that data processed in the cloud environments could be accessed from the United States irrespective of server location and that onward transfer risks to sub-proces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护监察员办公室就国家信息和通信技术中心向美国传输个人数据一事进行调查 (TSV/7/2022)", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 3 日，数据保护监察员办公室结束了对国家信息和通信技术中心 Valtori 在 2022 年 2 月至 4 月期间通过亚马逊网络服务和微软云服务向美国传输个人数据的调查，并发出警告。该办公室发现，无论服务器位置如何，都可以从美国访问在云环境中处理的数据，并且将风险转移到子流程......" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "Global AI Regulatory Update - April 2026 (Eversheds Sutherland)", "url": "https://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/en/finland/insights/gloabl-ai-bulletin-april-2026", "description": "Eversheds Sutherland's April 2026 global bulletin covers Portugal, Czech Republic, and Finland, tracking ongoing national implementation of the EU AI Act. All three countries are developing national frameworks aligned with the EU-level risk-based approach, with emphasis on harmonization with EU rules.", "categories": [ "National Implementation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球人工智能监管更新 - 2026 年 4 月（Eversheds Sutherland）", "description_zh": "安睿德萨瑟兰 (Eversheds Sutherland) 的 2026 年 4 月全球公报涵盖葡萄牙、捷克共和国和芬兰，跟踪欧盟人工智能法案的各国实施情况。这三个国家都在制定与欧盟层面基于风险的方法相一致的国家框架，重点是与欧盟规则的协调。" }, { "title": "AI Business Programme (Business Finland)", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/finland/finland-ai-strategy-report_en", "description": "AI law in Finland: The AI Business Programme was a national Business Finland strategy-level funding and support programme launched as a campaign in 2017 and expanded into a full programme in 2018 to accelerate commercialisation and internationalisation of Finnish AI and platform economy solutions. It provided a portfolio of grants, Proof-of-Concept funding, computing access and ecosystem-building services to companies, research organisations and public actors until its close in December 2021....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能商业计划（芬兰商业银行）", "description_zh": "芬兰的人工智能法：人工智能商业计划是芬兰商业投资局国家战略级资助和支持计划，于 2017 年作为一项活动启动，并于 2018 年扩展为全面计划，旨在加速芬兰人工智能和平台经济解决方案的商业化和国际化。它为公司、研究组织和公共行为者提供了一系列赠款、概念验证资金、计算访问和生态系统建设服务，直至 2021 年 12 月结束......" }, { "title": "Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle EU:n tekoälyasetusta täydentäväksi lainsäädännöksi (Government Proposal HE 46/2025) — Proposal for national implementing legislation for the EU Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng", "description": "AI law in Finland: Government Proposal HE 46/2025 (Hallituksen esitys) is a Finnish government draft law to implement and complement the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) at....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hallituksen esitys eduskunnalle EU:n tekoälyasetusta täydentäväksi lainsäädännöksi（政府提案 HE 46/2025） — 欧盟人工智能法案国家实施立法提案", "description_zh": "芬兰的人工智能法：政府提案 HE 46/2025 (Hallituksen esitys) 是芬兰政府的一项法律草案，旨在实施和补充欧盟人工智能法案（条例 (EU) 2024/1689），地址为……" }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "New powers for Finnish data watchdog as EU’s AI Act takes effect", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/uudet-saannot-vahvistavat-luottamusta-tekoalyyn-tekoalyasetusta-valvovien-viranomaisten-toimivaltuudet-tulivat-voimaan-1.1#:~:text=EU%3An%20teko%C3%A4lyasetuksen%20tavoitteena%20on,on%20hajautettu%2015%20eri%20viranomaiselle.", "description": "EU:n tekoälyasetuksen tavoitteena on varmistaa, että tekoälyjärjestelmät eivät vaaranna ihmisten terveyttä, turvallisuutta tai perusoikeuksia. Suomessa asetuksen toimeenpanoa valvovien viranomaisten toimivaltuudet astuivat voimaan 1. tammikuuta 2026. Tekoälyasetuksen valvonta on hajautettu 15 eri viranomaiselle. Myös tietosuojavaltuutetulle on säädetty uusia valvontavastuita.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟人工智能法案生效，芬兰数据监管机构获得新权力", "description_zh": "芬兰数据监管机构发布声明称，随着将《人工智能法》纳入芬兰法律的国家法律于 2026 年 1 月 1 日生效，其职责扩大。监管体系以分散方式建立，涉及 15 个监管机构。芬兰数据保护监察员办公室是负责高风险人工智能系统市场监督、监督基本权利的机构之一，并将充当某些高风险系统的指定机构。监管机构表示，芬兰交通通讯局 Traficom 是协调员和国家联络点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in FI. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 June 2025", "title": "Nordic Council of Ministers approve funding for a Nordic-Baltic AI Center", "url": "https://www.norden.org/en/news/nordic-council-ministers-approve-funding-nordic-baltic-ai-center", "description": "Primary source (norden.org) dated 18 June 2025 in FI. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北欧部长理事会批准为北欧-波罗的海人工智能中心提供资金", "description_zh": "北欧部长理事会（丹麦、芬兰、冰岛、挪威、瑞典）已批准在三年内拨款 3000 万丹麦克朗，用于启动和建立北欧波罗的海人工智能中心。来自所有北欧国家的组织（包括瑞典 AI、芬兰 AI、Digital Dogme、IKT Norge 和 Almannarómur）将参与建立该中心，该中心将于 2025 年秋季正式启动。该中心将作为政府、生态系统、公司和组织的跨部门中心，加速整个地区的人工智能采用和创新。它将巩固战略领导力和专业知识，提供国家参与者所需的能力。这项工作将由位于瑞典的秘书处协调。我们的目标是波罗的海国家也加入。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Finland DPO releases guidance on privacy and AI", "url": "https://tietosuoja.fi/-/julkaisimme-ohjeistusta-tietosuojan-huomioinnista-tekoalyjarjestelmien-kehittamisessa-ja-kaytossa?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGajZ9SXSG8Y0vJgcLeqrhX9IyBwOQtBLOC8GoNTRekR_n9Sgcs3y9hOzu__do_L0aPc50eFKyQMv_9DP3VhamA82wi2uZ4_1hQS5vGGcnH_1Ji", "description": "Tekoälyjärjestelmissä käsitellään usein henkilötietoja erilaisiin tarkoituksiin. Olemme koonneet verkkosivuillemme tietoa siitä, miten organisaation on otettava tietosuojavaatimukset huomioon, kun se kehittää tai ottaa käyttöön tekoälyjärjestelmää.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "芬兰 DPO 发布隐私和人工智能指南", "description_zh": "芬兰数据保护监察员办公室 (DPO) 发布了新指南，详细说明组织必须如何确保人工智能系统中使用的个人数据符合数据保护法，包括欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 和欧盟人工智能法案。该指南强调，组织在处理人工智能系统内的任何个人数据之前，必须从数据主体的角度评估数据保护风险，确定必要的安全措施，并确定何时由于高风险处理而必须进行数据保护影响评估（DPIA）。此外，DPO 澄清，在人工智能开发、使用或培训中处理个人数据始终需要法律依据，并提供了有关遵守 GDPR 原则（例如数据最小化和目的限制）的说明，以及告知个人有关数据处理和该义务例外情况的指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "签署《巴黎人工智能宪章》", "description_zh": "智利、芬兰、法国、德国、印度、肯尼亚、摩洛哥、尼日利亚、斯洛文尼亚和瑞士通过了《公共利益人工智能（AI）巴黎宪章》。章程（1）旨在确保人工智能发展服务于公共利益，注重公平、透明、问责和可持续性； (2) 通过现有框架鼓励人工智能的开放性和问责制； (3) 呼吁针对人工智能的潜在危害采取保障措施，同时提出实现其公共利益最大化的积极愿景，包括通过开放公共产品、民主参与和可持续解决方案； (4) 强调可获取的高质量数据、隐私保护以及更小、更本地化的人工智能模型的重要性，以减少对环境的影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "Nordic data protection authorities issue declaration on children's data protection in gaming, AI, and administrative fines", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/86d8d858f8cc47b18eef8ec000fe5cf8/oslo-declaration_signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (datatilsynet.no) dated 31 May 2024 in FI. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北欧数据保护机构发布游戏、人工智能和行政罚款中儿童数据保护声明", "description_zh": "丹麦、芬兰、法罗群岛、冰岛、挪威、瑞典和奥兰群岛的数据保护机构发表声明，承诺在以下方面开展合作：(1) 保护网络游戏中的儿童隐私；(2) 与 GDPR 相关的人工智能监管。该宣言强调了资源分配对于有效人工智能监督和负责任的数据处理的重要性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 29, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "246" }, { "id": "GF", "title": "French Guiana", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "254" }, { "id": "FR", "title": "France", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-03-31", "title": "CNIL guidelines and recommendations on consent for online cookies", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/lignes_directrices_de_la_cnil_sur_les_cookies_et_autres_traceurs.pdf", "description": "The revised guidelines and recommendations on the consent requirement for online cookies are implemented by the French data protection authority CNIL. The new recommendations are based on the European Data Protection Board's standards, which were announced in May 2020. The major cookie and consent revisions concern how companies obtain and demonstrate proof of user consent, allow users to refuse cookies and withdraw consent, inform users about the purpose of cookies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-11-19", "title": "CNIL public consultation on guidelines for pharmaceutical industry on compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-organise-une-consultation-publique-sur-un-referentiel-pour-la-gestion-des-pharmacies", "description": "The Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), the regulatory body for personal data of France, has closed its public consultation on the adoption of updated guidelines (référentiel) to facilitate GDPR compliance of pharmacies and their service providers. The aim of the guidelines is to help pharmacies and their service providers comply with GDPR requirements in relation to personal data of patients and customers collected for healthcare or administrative purposes. Affecte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-07", "title": "CNIL investigation into Facebook for cookie practices", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046096716?init=true&page=1&query=facebook&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=all", "description": "On 11 July 2022, the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) closed its procedure against Facebook regarding its cookie practices following the company's compliance with the order. On 30 December 2021 CNIL issued a fine of EUR 60 million against Facebook for failure to comply with cookie requirements. The CNIL stated that on the website 'facebook.com' it was more difficult for users to refuse than to accept cookies. CNIL also adopted an order requiring Facebook to make i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-11-19", "title": "CNIL recommendation on logging measures", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-publie-une-recommandation-relative-aux-mesures-de-journalisation", "description": "On 19 November 2021, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), France's personal data privacy regulator, has adopted a recommendation on the use of logging tools by data processors and controllers. Logging allows actions by data administrators to be traced, which can aid in investigations in case of incidents, intrusions, or misuse of data. The CNIL recommends general use of logging, which it sees as a tool for compliance with the principle of secure data processing u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-07", "title": "CNIL Cybersecurity Inspections", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/cybersecurite-15-mises-en-demeure-lencontre-de-sites-web-insuffisamment-securises", "description": "On 8 July 2022, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), France's data protection authority, announced that it has issued 15 formal notices and 6 closures against owners of insufficiently secure websites as a result of its cybersecurity investigation across sectors launched in 2021. While closures relate to breaches of low seriousness, formal notices are issued when serious vulnerabilities are detected, giving organisations three months to rectify these vulnerabiliti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-29", "title": "French Competition Authority inquiry into cloud computing sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/article/autorite-de-la-concurrence-issues-its-market-study-competition-cloud-sector", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the French Competition Authority closed its inquiry on competition in the cloud computing sector and published a market study with its findings. In particular, the Authority focused on IT infrastructure (\"Infrastructure-as-a-Service\") and platform services (\"Platform-as-a-Service\") and found the sector to be dominated by three major providers that could harm competition: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure. The Authority identified several risks to com...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "Investigation by French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) into Clearview AI", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/facial-recognition-cnil-decided-impose-overdue-penalty-payment-clearview-ai", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the French Data Protection Authority, Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) imposed a EUR 5.2 million penalty on Clearview AI, a US-based facial recognition company. This penalty was imposed due to Clearview AI's noncompliance with the ruling issued in October 2022, which included a fine of EUR 20 million and an order to delete the data collected on individuals located in France without any legal basis. Clearview AI was given two months to comply with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-11", "title": "CNIL data ptorection investigation into Discord Inc.", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046562676?", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the French data protection authority (Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés, CNIL) concluded its investigation into the digital communications platform Discord and issued a fine of EUR 800'000 for violations of the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, Discord failed to adopt a written data retention policy and provide information regarding data retention periods to data subjects. Furthermore, CNIL found that Discord fai...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-28", "title": "Guidelines on Dissemination of Hateful Online Content", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/actualites/lignes-directrices-prises-pour-contribuer-la-lutte-contre-la-dissemination-des-contenus-haineux-en-ligne", "description": "On 28 November 2022, the Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom) published a guideline aimed at helping online platforms combat the dissemination of hateful content online. The guideline is issued in conformity with Reinforcing Respect for the Principles of the Republic Act that implements sections of the European Union Digital Services Act. The guideline outlines the content moderation requirements for platforms that have at least 10 million active monthly users and very ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-05", "title": "CNIL investigation into Microsoft's Bing.com for cookies policy", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/closure-injunction-issued-against-microsoft-ireland-operations-limited", "description": "On 11 May 2023, the French Data Protection Authority's (CNIL) restricted committee closed the investigation into Microsoft based on its compliance with the injunction order issued on 19 December 2022. Microsoft was fined EUR 60 million and instructed to enable users of \"bing.com\" in France to provide their consent for the use of tracers used in combating advertising fraud within 3 months. The injunction order specified that in case of non-compliance, Microsoft would have been required to pay...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-29", "title": "CNIL investigation into TikTok's personal data processing", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/cookies-cnil-fines-tiktok-5-million-euros", "description": "On 29 December 2022, the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) issued its ruling in the investigation of the Tiktok webpage, issuing a fine of EUR 5 million. In its ruling, CNIL stated that Tiktok failed to comply with Article 82 of the French Data Protection Act, which requires electronic communication service providers to inform and obtain the user's consent before accessing or entering information in a user's terminal equipment. The CNIL found that users could more ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-13", "title": "CNIL investigation into two medical research organisations over alleged breach of data protection obligations", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/donnees-de-sante-la-cnil-rappelle-deux-organismes-de-recherche-medicale-leurs-obligations-legales", "description": "On 13 March 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued a statement reminding two organisations carrying out medical research of their legal obligations under the French data protection framework. The reminder follows an investigation into two organisations carrying out medical research between January and July 2022, which found that they failed to conduct a data protection impact assessment for their medical research as required by law. In addition, the CNIL found that the infor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "CNIL investigation into Cityscoot over alleged illegal geolocation practices", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/geolocalisation-de-scooters-de-location-sanction-de-125-000-euros-lencontre-de-cityscoot", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the Data Protection Commission (CNIL) concluded its investigation into Cityscoot over illegal geolocation practices and imposed a EUR 125'000 fine. The CNIL found that the scooters were tracking the user's data, specifically GPS position, every 30 seconds when connected to an account and every 15 minutes if the scooter was parked. Cityscoot argued that it requires the retention and processing of such data to provide customer support, handle theft cases, and evaluate breaches...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "Investigation into Free for alleged breach of data subject rights", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000047451717?isSuggest=true", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) ended the injunction proceedings against telecommunications provider Free for breaching data subject rights, including the rights to access and erasure. The company was ordered to provide comprehensive responses to access requests from four complainants, including identifying the data brokers from whom it had obtained the personal data of the complaining parties, within three months or face a EUR 5...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-24", "title": "CNIL Technical Recommendation on sharing data via APIs", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/api-les-recommandations-de-la-cnil-sur-le-partage-de-donnees", "description": "On 24 November 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) published recommendations regarding the sharing of data through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to facilitate the implementation of its recent recommendation on this subject. The CNIL's recommendations on API-based data sharing encompass all API categories for personal data, and the introduced roles of data holder, API manager, and data reuser apply to organisations, irrespective of their public or private nature. More...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-10", "title": "Recommendation regarding security of critical personal data processing activities", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/securite-des-systemes-risque-majeur-en-cas-de-violation-la-cnil-lance-une-consultation-publique-sur", "description": "On 8 October 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) closed its consultation on a draft recommendation regarding the security of critical personal data processing activities. The CNIL aims to provide guidance and support to professionals in ensuring adequate security for systems involved in such critical processing. The recommendation compiles advanced security practices for processing operations that meet the \"critical processing\" definition, which applies to large-scale processing...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-09", "title": "Law aiming to regulate artificial intelligence through copyright (Bill 1630)", "url": "https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/16/textes/l16b1630_proposition-loi?trk=feed_main-feed-card_feed-article-content", "description": "On 12 September 2023, the Bill aiming to regulate artificial intelligence through copyright (Bill 1630) was introduced in the National Assembly of France. The Bill would require entities developing artificial intelligence (AI) software to obtain the right holder authorisation in order to use copyrighted materials to develop and train their systems. Furthermore, the Bill would require content generated by AI systems to include a disclaimer \"work generated by AI\".", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-04", "title": "CNIL Recommendations on development of AI systems in compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ia-la-cnil-publie-ses-premieres-recommandations-sur-le-developpement-des-systemes-dintelligence", "description": "On 8 April 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) adopted its recommendations on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Recommendations are the result of a public consultation and are addressed to professionals who develop AI systems. The Recommendations include 7 steps to the responsible development of AI systems, including defining a purpose for the AI system, determining the developers' respon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "CNIL Investigation Into Alleged Data Protection Regulation Violations by NS CARDS FRANCE", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/paiement-electronique-la-cnil-inflige-une-amende-de-105-000-euros-ns-cards-france", "description": "On 29 December 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) imposed a fine of EUR 105'000 on NS CARDS FRANCE, a digital payment provider. The company was found to have violated data protection regulations and cookie rules. The violations included non-compliance with data retention periods, failure to inform individuals, data security breaches, and improper use of cookies and trackers. The fine was determined based on the nature of the violations, the company's negligence, the categories ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-27", "title": "CNIL investigation into Amazon France on worker monitoring", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000048989272", "description": "On 27 December 2023, the French National Commission for Information Technology and Liberties (CNIL) issued a ruling in its investigation of Amazon France Logistique on its worker monitoring practices, imposing a sanction of EUR 32 million for violations of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The violations concerned the excessive monitoring of warehouse workers through individual productivity metrics collected in real-time via handheld scanners. CNIL found the granular, contin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "Arcom Order on List of Services Classified as Services of General Interest", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/nos-ressources/espace-juridique/textes-juridiques/projet-de-deliberation-relative-la-liste-des-services-qualifies-dinteret-general-en-application-des-dispositions-de-larticle-20-7-de-la-loi-du-30-septembre-1986-relative-la-liberte-de-communication", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the French Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom) published a draft order containing the list of services classified as being of general interest (SIG). The draft order defines services of general interest under the law of September 30, 1986, encompassing those published by specified organisations and free national television services, along with associated on-demand audiovisual media services. Publishers of such services provide a list to t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "CNIL Investigation into PAP for Data Protection Regulation Violations", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/duree-de-conservation-et-securite-des-donnees-la-cnil-sanctionne-la-societe-pap-dune-amende-de-100", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued a ruling against PAP, a company that operates the real estate website pap.fr, for violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The investigation, conducted in March and April 2022, revealed breaches related to data retention periods, data security, and subcontractor agreements. The CNIL imposed a fine of EUR 100'000 on PAP for these infringements. The decision was made in cooperation with the relevant Europ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "CNIL investigation into FORIOU for misleading consent collection", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/prospection-commerciale-sanction-de-310-000-euros-lencontre-de-la-societe-foriou", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the French data protection authority, CNIL, imposed a fine of EUR 310'000 on FORIOU for using data for commercial prospecting without ensuring valid consent from the concerned individuals. The data, provided by data brokers, was used by FORIOU to promote its loyalty programmes and cards. CNIL found that the deceptive appearance of the data collection forms used by the brokers did not allow for valid consent to be obtained, thus violating Article 6 of the General Data Prote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty updated recommendations on development of artificial intelligence systems", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-cnil-finalises-its-recommendations-development-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted the recommendations on the application of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The recommendations clarify that AI models trained on personal data are often subject to data protection rules due to their memorisation risks. The guidance applies to AI developers, providers, and deployers across sectors, including health, education, and workplace...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Competition Authority inquiry into competition dynamics in the online video content creation sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/online-video-content-creation-autorite-de-la-concurrence-examines-relationship", "description": "On 18 February 2026, the French Competition Authority published an opinion on the competitive functioning of the online video content creation sector, following an inquiry launched in May 2024. The Authority observes that the sector is concentrated around a limited number of platforms, notably YouTube, TikTok, Instagram and, to a lesser extent, Twitch. Barriers to entry and limited substitutability between platforms contribute to creators’ dependence on a small number of intermediaries, resul...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-27", "title": "PIPC and CNIL Cooperation on AI Policy", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10625", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea and the French National Information and Freedom Commission (CNIL) held the 3rd Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy Council meeting in Paris, France. This meeting, part of a series following a business agreement signed in October 2022, aimed to enhance bilateral cooperation in the field of data protection regulation within ML and AI development. The discussions involved the exchange of informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-10", "title": "German-French Recommendations for the use of AI programming assistants", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/KI/ANSSI_BSI_AI_Coding_Assistants.html", "description": "On 4 October 2024, France's Cybersecurity Agency (ANSSI) and Germany's (Federal Office for Information Security) jointly published a set of Recommendations for the use of AI programming assistants. The Recommendations discuss the secure use of AI coding assistants in the software development process. The agencies identify a number of risks and recommend actions such conducting risk analysis, investing in quality assurance teams, and checking and reproducing generated source code.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-12", "title": "CNIL investigation into alleged misleading cookie consent banners", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/bannieres-cookies-trompeuses-la-cnil-met-en-demeure-des-editeurs-de-sites-web", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) ruled in its investigation into complaints about misleading cookie consent banners. The CNIL found that several website publishers were not complying with the Data Protection Act (Article 82), particularly regarding the presentation of consent collection banners. The investigation determined that refusal options for cookies were not as straightforward as acceptance options, and information was often presented in an ambiguous or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty investigation into KASPR for alleged unlawful data scraping", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000053623597", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closed its case concerning KASPR, a company managing a database of approximately 160 million contacts, after confirming compliance with its previous decision. The CNIL found that KASPR had fulfilled the obligations set out in Decision no. SAN-2024-020 by deleting the database, ceasing the extraction of contact details from LinkedIn, removing the automatic five-year retention renewal, implementing an email notification ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-21", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on integrating software development kits into mobile applications to ensure compliance with General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/applications-mobiles-comment-integrer-des-sdk-et-respecter-la-vie-privee-des-utilisateurs", "description": "On 21 January 2025, the Data Protection Authority adopted guidelines on integrating software development kits (SDKs) into mobile applications to ensure compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation and protect user privacy. The guidelines require SDK providers, developers, and publishers to clarify their roles in personal data processing and ensure GDPR adherence. SDK providers must offer clear documentation, obtain user consent before accessing data, and maintain robust security. It...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty evaluation framework for certification for data processors", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/gdpr-certification-data-processors-cnil-launches-consultation-draft-evaluation-scheme", "description": "On 28 February 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closes the consultation on the draft evaluation framework for certification for data processors. The certification aims to help data controllers choose trusted processors by ensuring that the processing carried out by the processor meets General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements. The certification will be available to any organisation in Europe that processes personal data on behalf of a data controlle...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty recommendations on responsable AI innovation", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ia-et-rgpd-la-cnil-publie-ses-nouvelles-recommandations-pour-accompagner-une-innovation-responsable", "description": "On 7 February 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) published recommendations to guide the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence systems in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These guidelines explain that for general-purpose AI systems, the principle of purpose is applied in an adapted manner, allowing developers to describe their system's type and main functionalities without defining all future applications at the o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty recommendation on use of location data from connected vehicles", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/vehicules-connectes-et-localisation-consultation-publique-projet-de-recommandation", "description": "On 20 May 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closes its consultation on a draft recommendation focused on location data usage by connected vehicles in the technological consumer goods sector. The draft offers practical guidance on common location-based services, including vehicle recovery, accident assistance, fleet management, theft prevention, and service optimisation. It aims to help industry actors implement the core principles of the GDPR, such as data minimi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-20", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty data protection recommendations on multi-factor authentication", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandation-mfa", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted a recommendation on the use of multi-factor authentication (MFA) to support compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The document is addressed to data controllers, processors, and providers of MFA solutions, setting out GDPR obligations applicable to the implementation of such systems. It includes guidance on identifying a legal basis for processing, minimising the scope of collected dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "National Commission for Informatics and Liberties sandbox initiative to support artificial intelligence projects", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/bilan-bac-a-sable-IA-services-publics", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the National Commission for Informatics and Liberties (CNIL) published recommendations for projects supported through its sandbox initiative, focusing on AI and public services. The document provides recommendations for three projects: \"Conseils Personnalisés\" by France Travail, \"Ekonom’IA\" by Nantes Métropole, and \"PRIV-IA\" by the RATP. For \"Conseils Personnalisés,\" the CNIL emphasised ensuring human intervention to avoid automated decisions, minimising data to enhance resu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties inquiry into browsing session recording and replay tools", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/concertation-outils-denregistrement-relecture-session-de-navigation", "description": "On 9 April 2025, the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties announced an inquiry into browsing session recording and replay tools. The inquiry aims to gather inputs to develop practical recommendations for session replay tools, which record and replay users' browsing sessions on websites and mobile applications. The inquiry applies to session replay tool providers and mobile application publishers. It seeks to address General Data Protection Regulation compliance c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-06", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty recommendation on collecting multi-device consent", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/consentement-multiterminaux-consultation-sur-le-projet-de-recommandation", "description": "On 5 June 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closes its public consultation on a draft recommendation regarding the collection of multi-device consent, also known as cross-device consent. The CNIL will review the contributions received and proceed with the adoption of the final version of the recommendation. This consultation, which began on 24 April 2025, aimed to guide stakeholders in implementing solutions to ensure user consent remained valid across multiple d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty investigation into Solocal for breach of cookie consent rules", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000051630617?init=true&page=1&query=&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=cnil&timeInterval=", "description": "On 15 May 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) fined Solocal Marketing Services EUR 100'000 for violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the ePrivacy Directive. The CNIL found that cookies with a marketing purpose were placed on users’ devices without valid consent when visiting the pages of websites published by Solocal, such as pages listing local professionals. CNIL considered that consent banners were inadequately configured and failed to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Libertie investigation into CALOGA over alleged data protection violations", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000051660380?init=true&page=1&query=&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=cnil&timeInterval=", "description": "On 15 May 2025, the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) issued a sanction decision (Deliberation SAN-2025-002) against the company CALOGA for violations of data protection law. The CNIL found that CALOGA failed to obtain valid consent for electronic marketing, in breach of Article L. 34-5 of the French Postal and Electronic Communications Code (CPCE), by relying on misleading consent forms provided by third-party data collectors. The company also unlawful...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-19", "title": "Data Protection Authority recommendations on legitimate interest for artificial intelligence system development", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandations-developpement-ia-interet-legitime", "description": "On 19 June 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) adopted guidance on using legitimate interest as a legal basis for developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems under the General Data Protection Regulation. The guidance applies to private organisations that process data without relying on consent and to public bodies engaging in activities beyond their core public missions, including human resources management. It clarifies that legitimate interest can only be used if three con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on deployment of web filtering", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/consultation-publique-projet-recommandation-passerelle-filtrage-web", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) closes the consultation on guidelines on the deployment of web filtering. The guidelines apply to public and private sector employers implementing web filtering tools for employees, contractors, or visitors using professional internet or Wi-Fi networks, excluding open public Wi-Fi providers. It outlines General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - compliant obligations, including limiting data collection on user ID, IP address, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "Paris Prosecutor's Office investigation into Kick Platform over alleged proliferation of violent content online", "url": "https://sitesca.intranet.justice.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2025-08/2025-08-26%20-%20CP%20enqu%C3%AAte%20cyber%20sur%20Kick.pdf", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Paris Prosecutor’s Office opened an investigation into Kick Platform over the alleged proliferation of violent content online. The investigation was instituted under Article 323-3-2 of the Penal Code, following the death of an individual, which was broadcast live on the platform. The investigation seeks to determine whether Kick Platform knowingly provided illegal services by broadcasting violent content and whether it complied with obligations under the European Digita...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty investigation into Google over alleged unauthorised email advertising and cookie placement", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/2025-09/cnil_sanction_google_en.pdf", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) fined Google EUR 325 million for displaying advertisements between Gmail users’ emails without consent and for placing cookies during the creation of Google accounts without valid consent from French users. The case originated from a 2022 complaint by privacy group NOYB and subsequent inspections into Gmail and Google account creation processes. The CNIL found that Gmail displayed promotional emails in the “Promoti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty investigation into Shein over alleged unauthorised cookie placement and inadequate consent mechanisms", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/2025-09/cnil_sanction_shein_en.pdf", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) fined Infinite Styles Services Limited, the Irish subsidiary of the Shein group, EUR 150 million for breaches of rules on cookies. The fine was imposed following an inspection in August 2023, which determined that cookies, particularly for advertising, were being placed on users’ devices without consent, that information provided through banners was incomplete or misleading, and that mechanisms for refusing or with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-09", "title": "Law on designation of national authorities to implement EU AI Act", "url": "https://presse.economie.gouv.fr/la-dge-et-la-dgccrf-publient-le-projet-de-designation-des-autorites-nationales-en-charge-de-la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-reglement-europeen-sur-lia/", "description": "On 9 September 2025, the Directorate-General for Enterprise (DGE) and the Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) published the draft law establishing the scheme for designation of national authorities responsible for implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI Act), to be submitted to Parliament for adoption. The framework designates th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on inactive user account data retention in digital content sectors", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/achat-de-contenus-numeriques-quelle-duree-de-conservation-des-comptes-inactifs#:~:text=Apr%C3%A8s%20une%20dur%C3%A9e%20d'inactivit%C3%A9,r%C3%A9activation%20des%20comptes%20en%20question.", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Data Protection Authority issued guidance on inactive accounts for digital content users. It applies to the audio-visual and video game sectors. Organisations must set a retention period and not keep inactive accounts indefinitely. Accounts inactive for two years should generally be deleted, with prior user notification. Data needed to access purchased content, like email, name, pseudonym, or game saves, may be kept longer. Other commercial or statistical data must b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-27", "title": "Competition Authority investigation into Microsoft over allegations of abusive practices in search syndication and online advertising sectors", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/search-syndication-and-online-advertising-sectors-autorite-rejects-complaint-merits", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the French Competition Authority rejected Qwant’s complaint against Microsoft, as well as its request for interim measures. Qwant, active in the general online search sector and partly using Microsoft technology since 2016, had alleged that Microsoft abused a dominant position and a situation of economic dependence through exclusivity, tied selling, restrictions on AI model development, and discrimination in access to search-related online advertising. The Authority outli...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Competition Authority study on competition-related issues concerning impact of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/Etude_IA_Energie_ADLC_0.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2025, the Competition Authority published a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of artificial intelligence (AI). In the report, the Authority examined the electricity consumption of data centres and the environmental impact of AI in relation to resources such as water, rare metals, and land. On the basis of these findings, the Authority points out three competition-related issues, namely access to energy and its cost control, the ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty investigation into Mobius Solutions over alleged non-compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/violation-de-donnees-sanction-dun-million-deuros-lencontre-de-la-societe-mobius-solutions-ltd", "description": "On 11 December 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) fined Mobius Solutions, an online advertising company, EUR 1 million for violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The investigation into Mobius followed a data breach reported by Deezer, a music streaming company that had subcontracted Mobius for advertising. Mobius, the data processor for customer data controlled by Deezer, was sanctioned on three counts. First, for breach of the data processor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "Recommendation on session replay tools", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/rejeu-de-session-la-cnil-lance-une-consultation-publique-sur-son-projet-de-recommandation", "description": "On 22 April 2026, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closes the consultation on its draft recommendation on session replay tools. The draft recommendation is addressed to session replay tool providers and website and mobile application publishers. It sets out practical recommendations to ensure compliance with Article 82 of Law No. 78-17 of 6 January 1978 on Information Technology, Data Files and Civil Liberties, the General Data Protection Regulation (RGPD), and Direct...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 August 2021", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Law 2020-936 aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000044173388", "description": "On 8 October 2021, Law 2020-936 aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence including Content moderation authority governance, was implemented following the adoption of Decree No. 2021-1306 on 7 October 2021 enforcing Section 23. The Decree outlines the conditions and procedures for Superior Audiovisual Council in requesting platforms to implement service access restrictions. The Law 2020-936 gives the Superior Audiovisual Council the power to issue notices requiring online public commun...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 2020-936 号法律中的内容审核机构治理旨在保护家庭暴力受害者", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 7 日通过第 2021-1306 号法令执行第 23 条，旨在保护家庭暴力受害者（包括内容审核机构治理）的第 2020-936 号法律于 2021 年 10 月 8 日实施。该法令概述了高级视听委员会要求平台实施服务访问限制的条件和程序。第 2020-936 号法律赋予高级视听委员会发布通知的权力，要求在线公共交流..." }, { "date": "3 August 2021", "title": "CNIL inquiry into consent requirement for audience measurement", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/solutions-de-mesure-daudience-exemptees-de-consentement-la-cnil-lance-un-programme-devaluation", "description": "Evaluation programme into possible exemption from duty to collect users` prior consent for audience measurement solutions is launched by French data protection authority Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNIL 对观众测量同意要求的调查", "description_zh": "法国数据保护机构国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 启动了一项评估计划，旨在评估受众测量解决方案是否可以免除收集用户事先同意的义务。" }, { "date": "17 January 2022", "title": "Content moderation in Law 2021-1109 reinforcing respect for the principles of the Republic", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000044993663", "description": "On 17 January 2022, Law 2021-1109, reinforcing respect for the principles of the Republic, including content moderation requirements, was implemented following the adoption of the Decree 2022-32 on 14 January 2022. Online platforms with over 10 million users are required to inform authorities about their decisions to remove unlawful content and store it to facilitate lawsuits. Furthermore, platforms are required to designate a person responsible for communication with authorities and publish...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 2021-1109 号法律中的内容审核加强了对共和国原则的尊重", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 17 日，第 2021-1109 号法律在 2022 年 1 月 14 日通过第 2022-32 号法令后实施，该法加强了对共和国原则的尊重，包括内容审核要求。拥有超过 1000 万用户的在线平台必须向当局通报其删除非法内容并将其存储以方便诉讼的决定。此外，平台还需指定专人负责与主管部门沟通并发布..." }, { "date": "6 July 2021", "title": "Transposition of EU Copyright Directive's rules for the use of protected content by online content-sharing service providers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000043496429", "description": "The French implementation of Article 17-23 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market enters into force. The implementation includes the obligation for online content sharing services to make their best effort to ensure uploaded content respects the rights of the original copyright holders. If the content is found to be in violation, content sharing service providers must remove the contested content swiftly. Additional obligations apply to content sharing providers with more ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟版权指令关于在线内容共享服务提供商使用受保护内容的规则的转换", "description_zh": "法国对数字单一市场版权指令第 17-23 条的实施生效。该实施包括在线内容共享服务有义务尽最大努力确保上传的内容尊重原始版权所有者的权利。如果发现内容违规，内容共享服务提供商必须迅速删除有争议的内容。附加义务适用于具有更多...的内容共享提供商" }, { "date": "13 July 2021", "title": "State agency to fight foreign disinformation", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000043788361", "description": "The French Government adopted a Decree to establish the \"Vigilance and Protection against Foreign Digital Interference Service\" (Viginum). The Agency is responsible for identifying foreign digital threats that aim to interfere with the interests of France, by pursuing analyses, assisting the Defence Secretary and coordinating the actions of different Ministries. In particular, the Agency is requested to monitor the foreign actions aimed to alter the information of citizens during election per...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "打击外国虚假信息的国家机构", "description_zh": "法国政府通过法令建立“外国数字干扰警戒和保护服务”（Viginum）。该机构负责通过分析、协助国防部长和协调不同部委的行动来识别旨在干涉法国利益的外国数字威胁。特别是，该机构被要求监测旨在在选举期间改变公民信息的外国行动……" }, { "date": "23 June 2021", "title": "CNIL guidance and methodology for assessing third-country data transfers after Schrems II", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/responsables-de-traitement-comment-identifier-et-traiter-des-transferts-de-donnees-hors-ue", "description": "The proposed methodology for assessing third-country data transfers is adopted by the French data protection authority ('CNIL'). The proposed methodology aims to help data controllers identify and process transfers of personal data outside the EU. The CNIL recommends listing all the transfers of personal data linked to digital tools and to define an action plan, including a risk assessment of data flows outside the EU.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 在 Schrems II 后评估第三国数据传输的指南和方法", "description_zh": "法国数据保护机构（“CNIL”）采用了拟议的评估第三国数据传输的方法。拟议的方法旨在帮助数据控制者识别和处理欧盟以外的个人数据传输。 CNIL 建议列出与数字工具相关的所有个人数据传输，并制定行动计划，包括对欧盟以外数据流的风险评估。" }, { "date": "6 July 2021", "title": "Autorite de la concurrence investigation into Google for abuse of dominance in online advertising sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/article/autorite-de-la-concurrence-hands-out-eu220-millions-fine-google-favouring-its-own-services", "description": "On 7 June 2021, the French competition authority (Autorité de la Concurrence) fined Google EUR 220 million for the abuse of its dominant position in the online advertising market (décision 21-D-11). More specifically, Google upheld its dominant position by actively distorting competition through discrimination in favour of Google services. The investigation included a thorough examination of algorithmic auctions, which online advertising is based upon. Google had previously requested the inve...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟委员会对谷歌滥用在线广告领域主导地位进行调查", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 7 日，法国竞争主管机构 (Autorité de la Concurrence) 因 Google 滥用在线广告市场主导地位而对其处以 2.2 亿欧元罚款（第 21-D-11 号决定）。更具体地说，谷歌通过有利于谷歌服务的歧视来积极扭曲竞争，以维持其主导地位。调查包括对在线广告所依赖的算法拍卖进行彻底检查。谷歌此前曾要求..." }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "FCA investigation into Google regarding use of market power to allegedly circumvent the right of content renumeration for press agencies and publishers", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/fr/communiques-de-presse/droits-voisins-lautorite-prononce-une-sanction-de-250-millions-deuros", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the French Competition Authority (FCA) sanctioned Google for non-compliance with commitments agreed to in June 2022 (Decision 22-D-13). Specifically, the Authority found that Google had disregarded its commitment to cooperate, as well as four of its seven specific commitments, including conducting negotiations in good faith, transmitting necessary information to publishers and press agencies, and taking measures to ensure that negotiations do not affect existing economic rel...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCA 对谷歌展开调查，涉嫌利用市场力量规避新闻机构和出版商的内容付费权", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 20 日，法国竞争管理局 (FCA) 对 Google 实施制裁，原因是 Google 未遵守 2022 年 6 月达成的承诺（第 22-D-13 号决定）。具体来说，管理局发现谷歌无视其合作承诺，以及其七项具体承诺中的四项，包括真诚地进行谈判、向出版商和新闻机构传递必要的信息，以及采取措施确保谈判不会影响现有的经济关系。" }, { "date": "12 April 2020", "title": "France EU regulation implementation delegation law including DSM directive", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000042607095", "description": "The law to implement the EU DSM directive goes into force.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国 欧盟法规实施授权法，包括 DSM 指令", "description_zh": "实施欧盟 DSM 指令的法律生效。" }, { "date": "7 January 2020", "title": "Law against hate speech including content monitoring requirements", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000042031970/", "description": "On 1 July 2020, the Bill aimed at combating hateful content on the internet is implemented, with a reduced scope. The Bill was significantly reduced by a ruling of the constitutional court which rendered large parts unconstitutional due to free speech concerns. Specifically, online platforms must not remove hateful content classified as illegal within 24 hours after receiving notification and do not risk fines of up to EUR 200’000 if they don’t remove the illegal content and EUR 20 million o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止仇恨言论的法律，包括内容监控要求", "description_zh": "2020 年 7 月 1 日，旨在打击互联网上仇恨内容的法案实施，但范围有所缩小。由于对言论自由的担忧，宪法法院的裁决使该法案的大部分内容违宪，该法案的内容大幅减少。具体来说，在线平台不得在收到通知后 24 小时内删除被归类为非法的仇恨内容，如果不删除非法内容，不得面临最高 20 万欧元的罚款，否则将面临 2000 万欧元的罚款。" }, { "date": "28 January 2022", "title": "CNIL investigation into Google for unlawful cookie policy", "url": "https://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/arianeweb/CE/decision/2022-01-28/449209", "description": "On 28 January 2022, the French Council of State issued a ruling upholding the fine imposed on Google by the National Commission for Informatics and Freedoms (CNIL). The court confirmed that CNIL has the authority to independently issue fines in regards to cookies without using the “one-stop-shop” mechanism outlined in the General Data Protection Regulation and noted that the sanctions are proportionate with the violations. The CNIL sanctioned Google on 7 December 2020, for three violations of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对谷歌非法 cookie 政策进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 28 日，法国国务委员会发布裁决，维持国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 对谷歌的罚款。法院确认 CNIL 有权独立对 cookie 进行罚款，无需使用《通用数据保护条例》中概述的“一站式”机制，并指出制裁与违规行为相称。 CNIL 于 2020 年 12 月 7 日对谷歌进行了制裁，理由是谷歌三项违规行为……" }, { "date": "15 December 2021", "title": "White Book on personal data and digital payment providers", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-publie-un-nouveau-livre-blanc-sur-les-donnees-et-moyens-de-paiement", "description": "The consultation on the White Paper on Personal Data and Digital Payment is published by the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) is closed on 15 December 2021. The paper deals with the topic of data protection as regards the use of digital payment methods. In particular, it highlights the importance of anonymity of payments, the threats behind the expansion of mobile payments and the necessity to fully comply with the GDPR legal prescriptions. Moreover, the Paper dis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于个人数据和数字支付提供商的白皮书", "description_zh": "关于个人数据和数字支付白皮书的咨询由国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 于 2021 年 12 月 15 日结束。该文件涉及与使用数字支付方式相关的数据保护主题。它特别强调了支付匿名的重要性、移动支付扩张背后的威胁以及完全遵守 GDPR 法律规定的必要性。此外，论文还..." }, { "date": "22 July 2021", "title": "CNIL investigation into GDPR breaches by AG2R LA MONDIALE", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/sanction-1-75-million-deuros-ag2r-la-mondiale", "description": "After an inspection conducted in 2019, the French data privacy regulator, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL), has imposed a €1.75 million fine on the French insurance firm AG2R LA MONDIALE for multiple breaches of its obligations under the GDPR. Specifically, the CNIL found that AG2R LA MONDIALE had retained customer data for longer than the maximum legal retentioin period. Additionally, it had failed to provide sufficient information to individuals during phone...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 AG2R LA MONDIALE 违反 GDPR 的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "经过 2019 年的检查，法国数据隐私监管机构国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 对法国保险公司 AG2R LA MONDIALE 处以 175 万欧元罚款，原因是其多次违反 GDPR 规定的义务。具体来说，CNIL 发现 AG2R LA MONDIALE 保留客户数据的时间超过了最长法定保留期限。此外，它未能在电话过程中向个人提供足够的信息......" }, { "date": "21 July 2022", "title": "CNIL recommendation relating to passwords and other shared secrets", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000046432885", "description": "On 21 July 2022, the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL) adopted the recommendation relating to passwords and other shared secrets. The data controllers use passwords or other non-shared secrets to protect access to the personal data they store, and the recommendation outlines the technical measures and organisational measures they have to implement to ensure compliance with Article 32 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the recommendatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于密码和其他共享秘密的建议", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 21 日，国家信息和自由委员会 (CNIL) 通过了有关密码和其他共享秘密的建议。数据控制者使用密码或其他非共享秘密来保护对其存储的个人数据的访问，该建议概述了他们必须实施的技术措施和组织措施，以确保遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 32 条。特别是，推荐..." }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Establishment of regulatory authority for IP in Law on regulation and protection of cultural works", "url": "https://www.vie-publique.fr/loi/279380-loi-lutte-contre-le-piratage-audiovisuel", "description": "The \"Law of 25 October 2021 on the regulation and protection of access to cultural works in the digital age\" is implemented. The Law merges the \"Conseil supérieur de l’audiovisuel\" (CSA) and the \"Haute autorité pour la diffusion des œuvres et la protection des droits sur internet\" (HADOPI) into a single authority called \"Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique\" (ARCOM) (Audiovisual and Digital Communication Regulatory Authority). The Authority is equipped with in...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在文化作品监管和保护法中设立知识产权监管机构", "description_zh": "《2021 年 10 月 25 日关于数字时代文化作品获取管理和保护的法律》实施。该法将“视听高级委员会”(CSA) 和“互联网传播和保护权利高级管理局”(HADOPI) 合并为一个名为“视听和数字通信管理局”(ARCOM) 的单一机构。该管理局配备了..." }, { "date": "13 December 2021", "title": "CNIL: Updated GDPR developer's guide", "url": "https://lincnil.github.io/Guide-RGPD-du-developpeur/", "description": "On 13 December 2021, the French National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued an updated version of its General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guide. The guide is mainly directed at web and applications developers. The updated guide includes two new sections, namely a guide on tracking and the use of cookies on websites and applications as well as a section on the protection against computer attacks. Furthermore, the guide provides code examples to clarify certain GDPR requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL：更新了 GDPR 开发人员指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 13 日，法国国家信息学与自由委员会 (CNIL) 发布了《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 指南的更新版本。该指南主要针对 Web 和应用程序开发人员。更新后的指南包括两个新部分，即关于在网站和应用程序上跟踪和使用 cookie 的指南，以及关于防范计算机攻击的部分。此外，该指南还提供了代码示例来阐明某些 GDPR 要求..." }, { "date": "17 November 2021", "title": "CNIL framework for healthcare data warehouses", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-adopte-un-referentiel-sur-les-entrepots-de-donnees-de-sante", "description": "The Commission National de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) has adopted a framework to allow the registration of healthcare data warehouses that follow certain criteria related to data governance. The framework is dedicated to databases containing health data that are used for research purposes, in particular for the exercise of a public interest mission according to Article 6 of the GDPR. The compliance with the framework allows the data warehouses' controllers to not request prior auth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 医疗保健数据仓库框架", "description_zh": "国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 采用了一个框架，允许注册遵循与数据治理相关的某些标准的医疗保健数据仓库。该框架专用于包含用于研究目的的健康数据的数据库，特别是根据 GDPR 第 6 条执行公共利益使命。遵守该框架允许数据仓库的控制器不请求事先授权..." }, { "date": "29 June 2021", "title": "First CNIL investigation on cookie practices", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/refuser-les-cookies-doit-etre-aussi-simple-quaccepter-mise-en-conformite-de-tous-les-organismes", "description": "The Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) concluded the first campaign to ensure compliance with cookie requirements. Particularly, the CNIL announced that all the twenty warned organizations complied with the cookie legislation. The CNIL has also confirmed that new investigations on the topic will be conducted in the following months.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 首次对 cookie 做法进行调查", "description_zh": "国家信息和自由委员会 (CNIL) 完成了首次确保遵守 cookie 要求的活动。特别是，CNIL 宣布所有 20 个受到警告的组织都遵守了 cookie 立法。 CNIL 还确认，将在接下来的几个月内对此主题进行新的调查。" }, { "date": "1 May 2022", "title": "CNIL guidelines on employees' right to data access", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/le-droit-dacces-des-salaries-leurs-donnees-et-aux-courriels-professionnels", "description": "On 5 January 2022, the French data protection authority (CNIL) issued instructions on employees' right to access their personal data and professional emails. The guidelines acknowledge the following principles: \n(1) The organisation must verify the requestor's identity;\n(2) The organisation must provide a free response to the request;\n(3) The right of access only applies to personal data, not documents;\n(4) The exercise of the right of access must not jeopardise the rights of others.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于员工数据访问权的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 5 日，法国数据保护机构 (CNIL) 发布了关于员工访问其个人数据和专业电子邮件的权利的指示。该指南承认以下原则： \n（一）组织必须核实请求者的身份；\n(2) 组织必须对请求提供免费答复；\n(3) 查阅权仅适用于个人数据，不适用于文件；\n(4) 行使查阅权不得损害他人的权利。" }, { "date": "2 March 2022", "title": "CNIL guidance on commercial management and unpaid debts management", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/gestion-commerciale-et-gestion-des-impayes-la-cnil-publie-deux-nouveaux-referentiels", "description": "On 3 February 2022, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued two new standards on data processing in regards to commercial activities and the management of unpaid debts. The two standards provide organisations with guidance on how to identify and apply the principles of the General Data Protection Regulation to the processing of data in their commercial activities and the management of unpaid debts. The first standard provides a framework for data processing for the id...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于商业管理和未偿债务管理的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 3 日，国家信息学和自由委员会 (CNIL) 发布了两项关于商业活动和未偿债务管理方面的数据处理的新标准。这两项标准为各组织提供了如何识别《通用数据保护条例》的原则并将其应用于商业活动中的数据处理和未偿债务管理的指导。第一个标准为 ID 提供了数据处理框架..." }, { "date": "18 March 2022", "title": "CNIL consultation on GDPR awareness guide for trade unions", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/organisations-syndicales-lancement-dune-consultation-publique-sur-un-projet-de-guide-de", "description": "The public consultation by CNIL regarding its GDPR awareness guide for trade unions is closed on 18 March 2022. The consultation aims to explain the legal framework of data protection and to provide benchmarks in terms of organisation and professional practices.\nThis guide is composed of :\n- a section explaining the CNIL's missions and the terms essential to understanding the guide; \n- twelve thematic sheets covering the principles of \"data processing and liberties\";\n- a glossary defining tec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNIL 就工会 GDPR 意识指南进行磋商", "description_zh": "CNIL 关于工会 GDPR 意识指南的公众咨询已于 2022 年 3 月 18 日结束。此次咨询旨在解释数据保护的法律框架，并提供组织和专业实践方面的基准。\n本指南由以下部分组成：\n- 解释 CNIL 的使命以及理解指南所必需的术语的部分； \n- 十二个主题表，涵盖“数据处理和自由”的原则；\n- 定义技术的术语表..." }, { "date": "3 February 2022", "title": "CNIL investigations regarding Google Analytics data transfer to United States", "url": "https://noyb.eu/sites/default/files/2022-04/20220302_CNIL_101-complaints-decision-two_Redacted.pdf", "description": "On 2 March 2022, the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL), the French data protection agency, issued two additional decisions regarding the non-compliance of Google Analytics's data transfers to the United States with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Particularly, the CNIL ordered two French websites to comply with the GDPR by stopping using Google Analytics services that involve data transfers outside the EU, giving them a one-month deadline for comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 Google Analytics 数据传输至美国的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 2 日，法国数据保护机构国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 发布了两项关于 Google Analytics 向美国传输数据不符合欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 的决定。特别是，CNIL 责令两家法国网站遵守 GDPR，停止使用涉及欧盟境外数据传输的 Google Analytics 服务，并给了他们一个月的补..." }, { "date": "23 February 2022", "title": "CNIL white paper on GDPR application to payment data", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/cnil-white-paper_when-trust-pays-off.pdf", "description": "On 23 February 2022, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued a white paper entitled “When trust pays off: today’s and tomorrow’s means of payment facing the challenge of data protection”. The paper outlines the data protection challenges identified by CNIL resulting from the increasing use of digital means of payment. The CNIL noted that data associated with digital payments, e.g. payment data and purchase data, could be used to trace the activities and the behaviour ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于 GDPR 在支付数据中的应用的白皮书", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 23 日，国家信息学与自由委员会（CNIL）发布了题为《当信任得到回报：今天和明天的支付方式面临数据保护挑战》的白皮书。该文件概述了 CNIL 发现的因数字支付方式的日益使用而带来的数据保护挑战。 CNIL 指出，与数字支付相关的数据，例如支付数据和购买数据，可用于追踪活动和行为......" }, { "date": "10 January 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity audit requirement for digital platforms in amendment to French Code of Consumers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000045294275", "description": "On 1 October 2023, the amendment introducing a cybersecurity audit for digital platforms in the French Code of Consumers is implemented. In particular, the law targets the operators of \"online platforms\" (defined as any legal person offering an online public communication service based on the algorithmic classification of third parties' content or the connection of several parties selling goods or exchanging content) and the operators providing interpersonal communications services not based ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国消费者守则修正案中对数字平台的网络安全审计要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 1 日，《法国消费者守则》中引入数字平台网络安全审计的修正案实施。特别是，该法针对的是“网络平台”的运营商（定义为基于第三方内容的算法分类或基于销售商品或交换内容的多方连接提供在线公共通信服务的任何法人）以及不基于...的人际通信服务的运营商。" }, { "date": "15 March 2022", "title": "ANSSI report on cybersecurity risks related to Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/cti/CERTFR-2022-CTI-001/", "description": "On 15 March 2022, the French National Agency of cyber and systems security (ANSSI) amended its report on cybersecurity threats emerging from international tensions, especially the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The amendment emphasises that cybersecurity patches and other safety measures should be implemented as soon as possible to increase cybersecurity, both with regards to the prevention of first-time invasions and the correction of occurred cyberattacks. The amended report provides measures...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ANSSI 关于乌克兰冲突相关网络安全风险的报告", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 15 日，法国国家网络和系统安全局 (ANSSI) 修改了关于国际紧张局势，特别是俄罗斯入侵乌克兰所产生的网络安全威胁的报告。修正案强调，应尽快实施网络安全补丁和其他安全措施，以提高网络安全性，包括防止首次入侵和纠正已发生的网络攻击。修订后的报告提出了措施..." }, { "date": "16 May 2022", "title": "CNIL Guidelines on \"Cookie Walls\"", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/cookie-walls-la-cnil-publie-des-premiers-criteres-devaluation", "description": "On 16 May 2022, the French personal data protection authority /Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés (CNIL)), published guidelines on the legality of \"cookie walls\". Cookie walls refer to making access to a website's content conditional on accepting cookies, with the only alternative to users instead of accepting cookies is usually a paywall. The CNIL guidelines explain that this practice could affect users' freedom of consent and provide criteria for websites to assess the l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于“Cookie Wall”的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 16 日，法国个人数据保护机构/国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 发布了关于“cookie 墙”合法性的指南。 Cookie 墙是指以接受 Cookie 为条件访问网站内容，用户除了接受 Cookie 之外的唯一替代方案通常是付费墙。 CNIL 指南解释说，这种做法可能会影响用户的同意自由，并为网站评估l..." }, { "date": "13 June 2022", "title": "CNIL study on geolocation data generated by mobile applications", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-lance-une-etude-sur-les-donnees-de-geolocalisation-collectees-par-des-applications-mobiles", "description": "On 13 June 2022, the French data protection authority (CNIL) announced an inquiry into geolocation data generation by mobile apps. The study aims to bring transparency to cross-app data flows and inform the public about the challenges related to geolocation data. The issue CNIL aims to investigate is how anonymised data such as location points and advertising identifiers from different apps can be aggregated to identify data subjects. Specifically, CNIL requested data on French citizens from ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNIL 对移动应用生成的地理定位数据的研究", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 13 日，法国数据保护机构 (CNIL) 宣布对移动应用生成的地理位置数据进行调查。该研究旨在提高跨应用程序数据流的透明度，并让公众了解与地理位置数据相关的挑战。 CNIL 旨在调查的问题是如何聚合来自不同应用程序的匿名数据（例如位置点和广告标识符）以识别数据主体。具体来说，CNIL 要求提供有关法国公民的数据......" }, { "date": "7 July 2022", "title": "CNIL investigation into UBEEQO International over geolocation data breach", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046070924?init=true&page=1&query=%2A&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=cnil", "description": "On 7 July 2022, the French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l'informatique et des Libertés - CNIL) imposed a fine amounting to EUR 175 000 on Ubeeqo International, a french company specialising in short-term car rental, for having infringed the privacy rights of its customers. The CNIL stated that Ubeeqo collected the geolocation data of customers and stored it for three years after the end of the vehicle rental. Furthermore, CNIL found that the company failed to comply with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 UBEQO International 地理定位数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 7 日，法国数据保护局（CNIL）对专门从事短期汽车租赁的法国公司 Ubeeqo International 处以 175,000 欧元的罚款，原因是其侵犯了客户的隐私权。 CNIL表示，Ubeeqo收集了客户的地理位置数据，并在车辆租赁结束后将其保存三年。此外，CNIL 发现该公司未能遵守......" }, { "date": "23 January 2023", "title": "Artificial intelligence (AI) and Public Action Study establishing new powers for CNIL over AI algorithms", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/creation-dun-service-de-lintelligence-artificielle-la-cnil-et-lancement-des-travaux-sur-les-bases-de", "description": "On 23 January 2023, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) announced that it is establishing a new unit, the artificial intelligence service (SIA), implementing the recommendations the Council of State issued. In particular, the SIA will study how the algorithms based on Artificial intelligence (AI) function, identify risks related to individual privacy and prepare for the implementation of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act. The CNIL stated that it would issue guidelines ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能 (AI) 和公共行动研究为 CNIL 建立人工智能算法新权力", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 23 日，国家信息学和自由委员会 (CNIL) 宣布正在成立一个新单位，即人工智能服务 (SIA)，以落实国务委员会发布的建议。特别是，SIA将研究基于人工智能（AI）的算法如何发挥作用，识别与个人隐私相关的风险，并为欧盟人工智能法案的实施做好准备。 CNIL表示将发布指导方针..." }, { "date": "26 October 2022", "title": "Declaration of Cooperation between PIPC and CNIL", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/lautorite-de-protection-des-donnees-de-coree-du-sud-pipc-et-la-cnil-signent-declaration-cooperation", "description": "On 26 October 2022, the French Data Protection Authority Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) and South Korea's Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) signed a declaration of cooperation to jointly handle efforts of data protection for French and South Korean citizens. The agreement would support the exchange of knowledge, research, and officers. The training workshops will be jointly organised, and any set-up practices and standards will be shared.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC与CNIL合作宣言", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 26 日，法国数据保护局国家信息和自由委员会 (CNIL) 与韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 签署了一份合作声明，共同处理法国和韩国公民的数据保护工作。该协议将支持知识、研究和官员的交流。培训研讨会将联合举办，任何设置实践和标准都将共享。" }, { "date": "11 October 2022", "title": "Laboratory for Childhood Protection Online Charter", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2022/11/10/laboratory-for-childhood-protection-online-charter", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the Laboratory for Childhood Protection Online Charter was launched in the Paris Peace Forum. The initiative was promoted by France and includes participants from the private sector, civil society, governments, and organizations. Companies such as Meta, Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and TikTok have agreed to sign the Charter. The Charter’s objective is to create a Laboratory that will explore, promote, develop and evaluate solutions for the safety and protection of minors in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童保护实验室在线章程", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 10 日，《儿童保护实验室在线宪章》在巴黎和平论坛上启动。该倡议由法国推动，参与者包括来自私营部门、民间社会、政府和组织的参与者。 Meta、谷歌、微软、亚马逊和 TikTok 等公司已同意签署该宪章。该宪章的目标是创建一个实验室，探索、促进、开发和评估未成年人安全和保护的解决方案……" }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Statutory warranty of conformity for goods, digital content and digital services", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000045978303", "description": "On 1 October 2022, Decree No 2022-946 of 29 June 2022 relating to the statutory warranty of conformity for goods, digital content and digital services came into effect in France. The Decree establishes new warranties for digital content and services. Further, traders of digital goods and services are required to inform consumers of the functionalities of the digital content and to provide information about software updates, including security updates.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "商品、数字内容和数字服务的合规性法定保证", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 1 日，关于商品、数字内容和数字服务符合性法定保证的 2022 年 6 月 29 日第 2022-946 号法令在法国生效。该法令为数字内容和服务建立了新的保证。此外，数字商品和服务的贸易商需要告知消费者数字内容的功能，并提供有关软件更新（包括安全更新）的信息。" }, { "date": "28 November 2022", "title": "Charter aimed at promoting the information and protection of users with regard to the dissemination of images of minors on online platforms", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/sites/default/files/2022-11/Charte%20Studer.pdf", "description": "On 28 November 2022, the French Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom), together with five online platforms, Youtube, Facebook/Instagram, DailyMotion, Snapchat, Yubo, and five non-profit organisations signed a Charter aimed at promoting the information and protection of users concerning the dissemination of images on minors on online platforms. Under the Charter, online platforms agreed to improve reporting and detection of content that can cause potential harm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "旨在促进有关在线平台上传播未成年人图像的信息和保护用户的宪章", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 28 日，法国视听和数字通信监管局 (Arcom) 与 Youtube、Facebook/Instagram、DailyMotion、Snapchat、Yubo 五个在线平台以及五个非营利组织签署了一份宪章，旨在促进有关在线平台上传播未成年人图像的信息和用户保护。根据该宪章，在线平台同意改进对可能造成潜在危害的内容的报告和检测......" }, { "date": "12 May 2022", "title": "CNIL guidelines on customers' lists sale for marketing use under the GDPR", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/vente-de-fichiers-clients-la-cnil-rappelle-les-regles", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued guidelines listing the national rules on the sale of a customer file. The guidelines clarify the data protection obligations listed in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that apply to the customers' lists sale for marketing use. In particular, the guidelines note that customer data may be used and then stored for the subsequent three years if the purpose for collection is commercial prospecting. Other uses for c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于 GDPR 下出于营销目的出售客户名单的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 5 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 发布了指南，列出了有关出售客户文件的国家规则。该指南阐明了通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 中列出的数据保护义务，这些义务适用于出于营销目的销售的客户列表。该指南特别指出，如果收集的目的是商业勘探，则可以在接下来的三年内使用客户数据，然后将其存储。 C 的其他用途..." }, { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "CNIL Decision on Data Controller Responsibilities", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046693390?init=true&page=1&query=san-2022-022&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=all", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Data Protection Authority of France (CNIL) adopted a decision in the case concerning the company FREE, a mobile and Internet services provider and a subsidiary of the ILIAD group. The CNIL held that FREE was responsible for providing non-transparent data processing, in violation of several articles of the GDPR. The responsible authority stated that the data controller's data sources are not considered business secrets and that the controller must respond to requests f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于数据控制者责任的决定", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 30 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 对涉及移动和互联网服务提供商、ILIAD 集团子公司 FREE 公司的案件做出了裁决。 CNIL 认为 FREE 负责提供不透明的数据处理，违反了 GDPR 的多项条款。负责机构表示，数据控制者的数据源不被视为商业秘密，控制者必须响应..." }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "CNIL investigation into Apple over alleged failure to obtain explicit consent for displaying advertising identifiers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046907077", "description": "On 29 December 2022, the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) fined Apple Distribution International EUR 8 million for its violations of the French Data Protection Act. In its investigation, CNIL concluded that Apple failed to obtain user consent for writing and saving advertising identifiers used in its App Store. Additionally, CNIL pointed out that the users wishing to turn off the advertising targeting had to go through multiple steps to deactivate the advertising ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNIL 调查苹果公司涉嫌未获得显示广告标识符的明确同意", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 29 日，国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 因 Apple Distribution International 违反《法国数据保护法》而罚款 800 万欧元。 CNIL 在调查中得出结论，苹果未能获得用户同意编写和保存其 App Store 中使用的广告标识符。此外，CNIL指出，希望关闭广告定位的用户必须经过多个步骤才能停用广告......" }, { "date": "28 September 2023", "title": "CNIL investigation into VOODOO regarding user consent for advertising", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000048151293?init=true&page=1&query=voodoo&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=all", "description": "On 28 September 2023, the Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) confirmed that VOODOO has complied with an injunction issued by the data protection agency in the Deliberation of 29 December 2022. The injunction consisted of an order to request user consent, a EUR 3 million fine for data protection breaches and an additional EUR 20'000 per day fine in case of further non-compliance at the end of a three-month grace period. The CNIL determined that VOODOO implemented a pop-up window to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 VOODOO 关于用户同意广告的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 28 日，信息学与自由委员会 (CNIL) 确认 VOODOO 已遵守数据保护机构在 2022 年 12 月 29 日的审议中发布的禁令。该禁令包括请求用户同意的命令、因数据保护违规而处以 300 万欧元的罚款，以及如果在期限结束时进一步不遵守规定的情况，则每天额外处以 20,000 欧元的罚款。三个月的宽限期。 CNIL 确定 VOODOO 实施了一个弹出窗口......" }, { "date": "2 October 2023", "title": "Economic Considerations in the Collection and Processing of Personal Data in Mobile Applications", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/collecte-de-donnees-dans-les-applications-mobiles-la-cnil-lance-une-consultation-publique-sur-les", "description": "On 10 February 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) closed its public consultation on the economic considerations of the collection and processing of personal data in mobile applications (apps) from 18 January 2023. The CNIL stressed that this was not an industry-wide inquiry into compliance with data protection regulations but rather an attempt to understand the economic reality of the data collection and processing ecosystem. The CNIL sought to gather information and contributi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "移动应用程序中收集和处理个人数据的经济考虑", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 10 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 结束了关于自 2023 年 1 月 18 日起在移动应用程序 (App) 中收集和处理个人数据的经济考虑的公众咨询。CNIL 强调，这并不是对数据保护法规合规性的全行业调查，而是试图了解数据收集和处理生态系统的经济现实。 CNIL 寻求收集信息并做出贡献..." }, { "date": "31 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation obligations in Regulation of Influencers / Content Creators", "url": "https://presse.economie.gouv.fr/08012023-lancement-de-la-consultation-publique-influenceurs-et-createurs-de-contenus/", "description": "On 31 January 2023, the public consultation closed on the draft Regulation of Influencers / Content Creators, including obligations for online platforms. The draft Regulation issued by the Ministry of Economy, Finance, Industrial and Digital Sovereignty covered eleven measures divided into four topics. The first concerns the rights and duties of influencers, the legal definition of the profession, and the contractual regularisation of the relationship between influencer and brand. The second ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "影响者/内容创作者监管中的内容审核义务", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 31 日，《影响者/内容创作者条例》草案的公众咨询结束，其中包括在线平台的义务。经济、财政部、工业和数字主权部发布的条例草案涵盖了四个主题的十一项措施。第一个问题涉及影响者的权利和义务、职业的法律定义以及影响者与品牌之间关系的合同规范化。第二个..." }, { "date": "30 January 2023", "title": "CNIL guidelines for recruiters’ compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/guide_referentiel_-_recrutement.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued guidelines directed to recruiters to ensure their data collection practices comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). In particular, the guidelines seek to protect the privacy of candidates from the use by recruiters of new technologies and tools. The guide consists of two parts, the first one addresses the regulations on the protection of personal data in recruitment, and the second part includes quest...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 招聘人员遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 30 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 向招聘人员发布了指导方针，以确保其数据收集实践符合《通用数据保护条例》(EU GDPR)。特别是，该指南旨在保护候选人的隐私，防止招聘人员使用新技术和工具。该指南由两部分组成，第一部分阐述了招聘中个人数据保护的规定，第二部分包括问题..." }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "Investigation by CNIL into Lusha Systems over GDPR Applicability", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000046775564?isSuggest=true", "description": "On 20 December 2022, the Data Protection Agency (CNIL) closed its investigation into Lusha Systems, Inc. (Lusha). The CNIL opened the investigation to assess whether Lusha's data processing complies with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act following several complaints. The CNIL found that Lusha does not have any establishment in the European Union (EU) and Lusha's web extension does not offer any goods or services to the data subjects. The CNIL also found...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 Lusha Systems 的 GDPR 适用性进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 20 日，数据保护局 (CNIL) 结束了对 Lusha Systems, Inc. (Lusha) 的调查。在收到几起投诉后，CNIL 展开调查，评估 Lusha 的数据处理是否符合《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和《数据保护法》。 CNIL 发现 Lusha 在欧盟 (EU) 没有任何机构，且 Lusha 的网络扩展不向数据主体提供任何商品或服务。 CNIL还发现..." }, { "date": "2 September 2023", "title": "CNIL Report on economic implication of Implementation of Regulation on European data governance", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/atoms/files/mise-en-oeuvre-dga_enjeux-economiques.pdf", "description": "On 9 February 2023, the French Data Protection Agency (CNIL) published a report on the economic implication of the Implementation of Regulation on European data governance, which enters into force on 24 September 2023. Among other economic issues, the CNIL report highlights the development of a data intermediation market under the European data governance based on third parties who are not directly processing the data and elaborates on how the \"rule of economic neutrality\" will apply to such ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于欧洲数据治理法规实施的经济影响的报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 9 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 发布了一份关于《欧洲数据治理条例》实施的经济影响的报告，该条例于 2023 年 9 月 24 日生效。除其他经济问题外，CNIL 报告强调了欧洲数据治理下基于不直接处理数据的第三方的数据中介市场的发展，并详细说明了“经济中立规则”将如何适用于此类......" }, { "date": "25 April 2023", "title": "CNIL \"compliance club\" for connected vehicles and mobility players", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/club-conformite-sur-les-vehicules-connectes-et-la-mobilite-la-cnil-publie-son-programme-de-travail", "description": "On 25 April 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) published the compliance club's work program for 2023. The compliance club's work program for 2023 applies to technological consumer goods. The program's underlying goal is to develop recommendations for the use of geolocation data in the context of commercial fleet management and personal vehicle use. In particular, the CNIL will organize a series of thematic workshops from April to October 2023 to discuss the application of regul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 面向互联车辆和出行参与者的“合规俱乐部”", "description_zh": "2023年4月25日，法国数据保护局（CNIL）公布了合规俱乐部2023年工作计划。合规俱乐部2023年工作计划适用于科技消费品。该计划的根本目标是为商业车队管理和个人车辆使用中的地理定位数据的使用制定建议。特别是，CNIL将于2023年4月至10月组织一系列专题研讨会，讨论规则的应用..." }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "CNIL 2023 Priority Themes", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/priority-topics-investigations-2023-smart-cameras-mobile-apps-bank-and-medical-records", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) published the priorities themes to which it will direct its investigations during 2023. In particular, the CNIL will prioritise controls and investigations relating to public agencies' use of smart cameras, the use of the personal credit repayment incident files by banks, continued checks on healthcare institutions accessing digital patient records and monitoring app makers' use of digital trackers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 2023 优先主题", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 15 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 公布了 2023 年调查的优先主题。特别是，CNIL 将优先对公共机构使用智能摄像头、银行使用个人信用还款事件文件、持续检查医疗机构访问数字病历以及监控应用程序制造商使用数字跟踪器的情况进行控制和调查。" }, { "date": "20 April 2023", "title": "CNIL investigation involving individuals' right to erasure of personal data under GDPR", "url": "https://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/arianeweb/CE/decision/2023-04-20/463487", "description": "On 25 April 2022, the Council of State of France ruled in an appeal brought before the court against the Data Protection Authority (CNIL) decision involving individuals' right to the erasure of personal data under GDPR. On 4 March 2022, CNIL rejected a complaint from an individual, referred to in the case as B. A, against the search engine Google asking to delist from its search results an article that contained personal data relating to criminal proceedings. The Council of State overruled th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 调查涉及 GDPR 规定的个人删除个人数据的权利", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 25 日，法国国务委员会在向法院提起的上诉中做出了裁决，该上诉针对数据保护局 (CNIL) 涉及 GDPR 规定的个人删除个人数据的权利的决定。 2022 年 3 月 4 日，CNIL 驳回了一名个人（本案中被称为 B.A）针对搜索引擎 Google 提出的投诉，该投诉要求从其搜索结果中删除一篇包含与刑事诉讼有关的个人数据的文章。国务委员会驳回了..." }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "CNIL 2023 Edition Personal Data Security Guide", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr//fr/la-cnil-publie-une-nouvelle-version-de-son-guide-de-la-securite-des-donnees-personnelles", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the CNIL issued the 2023 Edition of its Personal Data Security Guide which outlines basic precautions and measures to strengthen data protection. The guide is aimed at professionals handling personal data and gives practical guidance on how to comply with legal data security requirements. The 2023 edition includes changes to a number of points, including to the sections on user authentication, tracing operations, IT development supervision, securing exchanges, and encryption.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 2023年版个人数据安全指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 3 日，CNIL 发布了 2023 年版个人数据安全指南，概述了加强数据保护的基本预防措施和措施。该指南面向处理个人数据的专业人士，并就如何遵守法律数据安全要求提供实用指导。 2023版对用户认证、追踪操作、IT开发监管、安全交换和加密等部分进行了多处更改。" }, { "date": "9 April 2022", "title": "Data protection measures in Law 2022-300 aimed at strengthening parental control over the means of access to the internet", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=W3jcMdDknweAhIoClJQO2rzpZd6I8n7FDiJ95W09ZL4=", "description": "On 4 September 2022, Law 2022-300, aimed at strengthening parental control over the means of access to the Internet, including data protection measures, was implemented following the adoption of the Government Decree 2022-1212 on 2 September 2022. The Law specifies that manufacturers or providers of devices are prohibited from using the personal data of minors collected for the device activation for commercial purposes, including direct marketing, profiling and targeted advertising.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 2022-300 号法律中的数据保护措施旨在加强家长对互联网访问方式的控制", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 2 日通过第 2022-1212 号政府法令后，2022 年 9 月 4 日实施了旨在加强家长对互联网接入方式的控制（包括数据保护措施）的第 2022-300 号法律。该法律规定，禁止设备制造商或提供商将为设备激活而收集的未成年人个人数据用于商业目的，包括直接营销、分析和定向广告。" }, { "date": "20 April 2021", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law 2020-1266 aiming to regulate the commercial exploitation of the image of children under sixteen on online platforms", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/LEGIARTI000042440571/2021-04-20/", "description": "On 20 April 2021, Law 2020-1266, aiming to regulate the commercial exploitation of the image of children under sixteen on online platforms, including content moderation regulation, is implemented. The Law came into force 6 months following its publication in the Official Journal. The Law requires video-sharing platform services to adopt measures to promote on their platform information on how the dissemination of the images of children under sixteen years is regulated and information on the r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 2020-1266 号法律中的内容审核规定旨在规范在线平台上对十六岁以下儿童形象的商业利用", "description_zh": "2021 年 4 月 20 日，第 2020-1266 号法律实施，旨在规范在线平台上十六岁以下儿童形象的商业利用，包括内容审核监管。该法在官方公报上发布 6 个月后生效。该法要求视频分享平台服务机构采取措施，在其平台上宣传如何规范十六岁以下儿童图像传播的信息以及..." }, { "date": "5 November 2023", "title": "CNIL investigation into DOCTISSIMO over alleged GDPR violations", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000047552103", "description": "On 11 May 2023, the French data protection authority (CNIL) closed its investigation into Doctissimo and imposed two fines over Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations. The platform Doctissimo publishes information on health and wellness. The CNIL identified that Doctissimo breached the GDPR data handling requirements, including the provisions related to retention periods, health data collection, data security and cookie usage. Doctissimo was fined EUR 280’000 for violations of the GDPR ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 DOCTISSIMO 涉嫌违反 GDPR 的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 11 日，法国数据保护机构 (CNIL) 结束了对 Doctissimo 的调查，并对违反数据保护条例 (GDPR) 的行为处以两项罚款。 Doctissimo 平台发布有关健康和保健的信息。 CNIL 认定 Doctissimo 违反了 GDPR 数据处理要求，包括与保留期、健康数据收集、数据安全和 cookie 使用相关的规定。 Doctissimo 因违反 GDPR 被罚款 28 万欧元......" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in the Bill Securing and Regulating the Digital Space", "url": "https://www.senat.fr/dossier-legislatif/pjl22-593.html", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill Securing and Regulating the Digital Space enters into force. The Bill transposes obligations outlined in the European Digital Service Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) to align national laws with these regulations. The Bill requires social media platforms to suspend the accounts of individuals convicted of cyberbullying and delete content depicting child pornography within 24 hours, Holocaust denial, terrorism promotion, or the dissemination of violent im...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《保护和监管数字空间法案》中的内容审核监管", "description_zh": "《保护和监管数字空间的法案》于 2025 年 1 月 1 日生效。该法案转换了《欧洲数字服务法案》(DSA) 和《数字市场法案》(DMA) 中概述的义务，以使国家法律与这些法规保持一致。该法案要求社交媒体平台暂停被判网络欺凌罪的个人账户，并在 24 小时内删除描绘儿童色情、否认大屠杀、宣扬恐怖主义或传播暴力信息的内容。" }, { "date": "19 July 2022", "title": "CNIL position on \"augmented\" cameras", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/deploiement-de-cameras-augmentees-dans-les-espaces-publics-la-cnil-publie-sa-position", "description": "On 19 July 2022, the French data protection authority (CNIL) published its position on the deployment of \"augmented\" cameras in public spaces. \"Augmented\" cameras refer to the use of automated image processing software combined with camera hardware that allows an automated analysis and/or identification of individuals or their characteristics. The CNIL noted that the use of such cameras in public spaces presented new risks for privacy protection and could lead to intrusive surveillance. The C...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对“增强”相机的立场", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 19 日，法国数据保护机构 (CNIL) 发布了关于在公共场所部署“增强”摄像头的立场。 “增强”相机是指使用自动图像处理软件与相机硬件相结合，允许对个人或其特征进行自动分析和/或识别。 CNIL 指出，在公共场所使用此类摄像头会给隐私保护带来新的风险，并可能导致侵入性监视。中..." }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "CNIL investigation into CRITEO compliance with GDPR obligation to obtain user consent for collecting and processing data", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000047707063", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued its ruling in the investigation into CRITEO, a company specialising in online advertising, imposing a EUR 40 million fine for failing to ensure that the people whose data it processes have given their consent. The CNIL opened an investigation after complaints were filed by Privacy International and None of Your Business. CRITEO is a company specialising in behavioural retargeting and personalised advertising and tracks the b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 CRITEO 是否遵守 GDPR 义务进行调查，以获取用户同意收集和处理数据", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，法国数据保护局 (CNIL) 对专门从事在线广告的公司 CRITEO 的调查作出裁决，因未能确保其处理数据的人已获得同意而处以 4000 万欧元的罚款。在 Privacy International 和 None of Your Business 提出投诉后，CNIL 展开了调查。 CRITEO 是一家专门从事行为重定向和个性化广告的公司，并跟踪..." }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "CNIL investigation into KG COM compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000047682157?init=true&page=1&query=kg%20com&searchField=ALL&tab_selection=all", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Data Protection Authority (CNIL) concluded its investigation into KG COM's compliance with data protection regulations and issued a EUR 150’000 fine over violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act. The KG COM is an online clairvoyance company and was found to be collecting sensitive data without consent, inadequately securing user data, and not reporting a data breach. Among the breaches were the systematic recording of phone ca...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对 KG COM 遵守数据保护法规的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，数据保护局 (CNIL) 结束了对 KG COM 遵守数据保护法规情况的调查，并因违反《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和《数据保护法》而处以 15 万欧元罚款。 KG COM 是一家在线洞察公司，被发现未经同意收集敏感数据，未能充分保护用户数据，并且没有报告数据泄露事件。违规行为包括对电话号码进行系统录音..." }, { "date": "7 December 2023", "title": "CNIL guidance on Google Chrome's Privacy Sandbox", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/privacy-sandbox-sur-google-chrome-quelles-consequences-pour-les-utilisateurs", "description": "On 12 July 2023, the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) issued a guidance for users on Google Chrome's Privacy Sandbox. The Guidance explains how the Privacy Sandbox works through a set of Google interfaces that allow publishers to continue to offer targeted advertising while eliminating third-party cookies to protect the privacy of users. The Guidance also explains that the Privacy Sandbox is still in an experimental phase where Chrome users need to offer their con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 关于 Google Chrome 隐私沙盒的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 12 日，国家信息与自由委员会 (CNIL) 向用户发布了有关 Google Chrome 隐私沙盒的指南。该指南解释了 Privacy Sandbox 如何通过一组 Google 界面发挥作用，使发布商能够继续提供有针对性的广告，同时消除第三方 cookie 以保护用户的隐私。该指南还解释说，Privacy Sandbox 仍处于实验阶段，Chrome 用户需要提供他们的建议..." }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Data Protection Agency recommendations for professionals designing mobile applications", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandations-applications-mobiles-modifiee", "description": "On 27 March 2025, the French Data Protection Authority adopted the revised recommendation for professionals designing mobile applications. The recommendation applies to all actors in the mobile application ecosystem, including developers, publishers, operating system vendors, and application store managers who process personal data. It clarifies the application of the General Data Protection and the ePrivacy Directive in mobile contexts, highlighting issues including opaque data processing, v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构针对设计移动应用程序的专业人员的建议", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 27 日，法国数据保护局采纳了针对设计移动应用程序的专业人员的修订建议。该建议适用于移动应用程序生态系统中的所有参与者，包括开发者、发行商、操作系统供应商以及处理个人数据的应用程序商店经理。它澄清了一般数据保护和电子隐私指令在移动环境中的应用，强调了包括不透明数据处理、v..." }, { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "CNIL opinion on decrees on parental control", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/la-cnil-rend-son-avis-sur-les-decrets-relatifs-au-controle-parental", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued its opinion on the application of two decrees aimed at strengthening parental control over internet access by requiring an easily accessible and understandable parental control device for all devices connected to the Internet sold in France. The decrees also emphasise the importance of protecting personal data and propose that functionalities should be implemented locally on users' devices without collecting per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CNIL 对家长控制法令的意见", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 31 日，国家信息学和自由委员会 (CNIL) 发布了关于两项法令的适用意见，旨在加强家长对互联网访问的控制，要求在法国销售的所有连接互联网的设备均配备易于访问且易于理解的家长控制设备。这些法令还强调了保护个人数据的重要性，并建议功能应在用户设备上本地实现，而无需收集个人数据。" }, { "date": "15 October 2023", "title": "CNIL Guide on open data and the reuse of publicly available information", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ouverture-et-reutilisation-de-donnees-publiques-la-cnil-lance-une-consultation-sur-un-projet-de", "description": "On 15 October 2023, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closed its consultation on open data and the reuse of publicly available information. This initiative aims to promote the sharing of public data while ensuring the protection of personal information. The guide focuses on the legal obligations of distributors and reusers of publicly accessible data, as well as the best practices for data protection from the design stage. The guide addresses the exploitation of data t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 Guide on open data and the reuse of publicly available information", "description_zh": "On 15 October 2023, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) closed its consultation on open data and the reuse of publicly available information. This initiative aims to promote the sharing of public data while ensuring the protection of personal information. The guide focuses on the legal obligations of distributors and reusers of publicly accessible data, as well as the best practices for 数据保护 from the design stage. The guide addresses the exploitation of data t..." }, { "date": "29 August 2023", "title": "Qakbot malware disrupted in international cyber takedown", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/qakbot-malware-disrupted-international-cyber-takedown", "description": "On 29 August 2023, a multinational operation led by the US Justice Department announced the disruption of the Qakbot malware and its associated botnet infrastructure. Qakbot infected over 700'000 victim computers globally, enabling cybercriminals to deploy ransomware and engage in other cybercrimes. The operation involved actions in several countries including the United States, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Romania, and Latvia. The malware was removed from victim comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Qakbot malware disrupted in international cyber takedown", "description_zh": "On 29 August 2023, a multinational operation led by the US Justice Department announced the disruption of the Qakbot malware and its associated botnet infrastructure. Qakbot infected over 700'000 victim computers globally, enabling cybercriminals to deploy ransomware and engage in other cybercrimes. The operation involved actions in several countries including the United States, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Romania, and Latvia. The malware was removed from victim comp..." }, { "date": "17 January 2022", "title": "Decree No. 2022-32 establishing thresholds for platforms subject to content moderation requirements under Law 2021-1109", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000044993663", "description": "On 17 January 2022, Decree No. 2022-32, establishing the thresholds for platforms subject to content moderation requirements under Law 2021-1109 reinforcing respect for the principles of the Republic, entered into force the day following its publication in the Official Journal. In particular, online platforms with over 10 million users must inform authorities about their decisions to remove unlawful content and store it to facilitate lawsuits. Furthermore, platforms are required to designate...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2022-32 establishing thresholds for 平台s subject to 内容审核 requirements under Law 2021-1109", "description_zh": "On 17 January 2022, 第号法令 2022-32, establishing the thresholds for 平台s subject to 内容审核 requirements under Law 2021-1109 reinforcing respect for the principles of the Republic, entered into force the day following its publication in the Official Journal. In particular, 在线 平台s with over 10 million users must inform authorities about their decisions to remove un法律ful content and store it to facilitate 法律suits. Furthermore, 平台s are required to designate..." }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty guide on transfer impact assessments", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/transfer-impact-assessment-tia-cnil-publishes-final-version-its-guide", "description": "On 31 January 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted the final version of its guide on Transfer Impact Assessments (TIA) for cross-border data transfers. This guide aims to assist organisations in ensuring that personal data transferred outside the European Economic Area (EEA) maintains a level of protection equivalent to that provided by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The guide delineates a methodology for conducting TIAs, in accordance with t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 guide on transfer impact assessments", "description_zh": "On 31 January 2025, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted the final version of its guide on Transfer Impact Assessments (TIA) for cross-border data transfers. This guide aims to assist organisations in ensuring that 个人数据 transferred outside the European Economic Area (EEA) maintains a level of protection equivalent to that provided by the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例). The guide delineates a methodology for conducting TIAs, in accordance with t..." }, { "date": "22 January 2024", "title": "CNIL guidelines on data encryption and security in cloud computing", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/informatique-en-nuage-cloud-la-cnil-publie-deux-fiches-pratiques-sur-le-chiffrement-et-la-securite", "description": "On 22 January 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) announced the publication of guidelines on data encryption and security in cloud computing. The guidelines provide a comprehensive analysis of different types of encryption, including encryption at rest, in transit, in processing, and end-to-end encryption. Additionally, they present security products that can be used to secure cloud services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 指南 on data 加密 and security in 云计算", "description_zh": "On 22 January 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced the publication of 指南 on data 加密 and security in 云计算. The 指南 provide a comprehensive analysis of different types of 加密, including 加密 at rest, in transit, in processing, and end-to-end 加密. Additionally, they present security products that can be used to secure cloud services." }, { "date": "26 January 2024", "title": "ANSSI, BSI, NLNCSA and SNCSA inquiry into Quantum-Secure Encryption Evaluation", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Presse2024/240126_QKD-Positionspapier.html", "description": "On 26 January 2024, the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) and its partner authorities from France, the Netherlands, and Sweden concluded an inquiry into quantum-secure encryption technologies. The inquiry focused on two approaches, Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQK) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The authorities found that QKD technology, while promising, currently has many limitations, including the need for special hardware, high costs, and a short-range due to signal losses i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANSSI, BSI, NLNCSA and SNCSA 调查 into Quantum-Secure Encryption Evaluation", "description_zh": "On 26 January 2024, the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) and its partner authorities from France, the Netherlands, and Sweden concluded an 调查 into quantum-secure 加密 technologies. The 调查 focused on two approaches, Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQK) and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). The authorities found that QKD technology, while promising, currently has many limitations, including the need for special hardware, high costs, and a short-range due to signal losses i..." }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into Viamedis and Almerys regarding appropriate data security measures", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/violation-de-donnees-de-deux-operateurs-de-tiers-payant-la-cnil-ouvre-une-enquete-et-rappelle-aux", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the French National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) announced it opened an investigation into Viamedis and Almerys. The two companies manage third-party payments for insurance companies and reported a data breach occurring at the end of January. The CNIL now intends to determine whether the companies had appropriate data security measures in place before the incident occurred and if their reaction was in conformity with the General Data Protection Regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into Viamedis and Almerys regarding appropriate data security measures", "description_zh": "On 7 February 2024, the French 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced it opened an 调查 into Viamedis and Almerys. The two companies manage third-party payments for insurance companies and reported a data breach occurring at the end of January. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 now intends to determine whether the companies had appropriate data security measures in place before the incident occurred and if their reaction was in conformity with the 通用数据保护条例." }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into minors' data collection on popular online platforms", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/les-controles-de-la-cnil-en-2024-donnees-des-mineurs-jeux-olympiques-droit-dacces-et-tickets-de", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) announced an investigation into the data collection practices of popular online platforms used by minors. The investigation will focus on whether age control mechanisms are implemented, whether security measures are in place, and whether there is adherence to the principle of data minimisation. This investigation is part of the CNIL priority themes of 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into 未成年人' data collection on popular 在线 平台s", "description_zh": "On 8 February 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced an 调查 into the data collection practices of popular 在线 平台s used by 未成年人. The 调查 will focus on whether age control mechanisms are implemented, whether security measures are in place, and whether there is adherence to the principle of data minimisation. This 调查 is part of the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 priority themes of 2024." }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into compliance with the right of access of data subjects", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/les-controles-de-la-cnil-en-2024-donnees-des-mineurs-jeux-olympiques-droit-dacces-et-tickets-de", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) announced that as part of the third action of the Coordinated Enforcement Framework of the European Committee for Data Protection (EDPS), it would conduct investigations into the conditions of implementation of the right to access. The investigation aims to harmonise the effective application of the General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) and coordination between supervisory authorities. The results will be grouped and anal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into compliance with the right of access of data subjects", "description_zh": "On 8 February 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced that as part of the third action of the Coordinated Enforcement 框架 of the European Committee for Data Protection (EDPS), it would conduct 调查s into the conditions of implementation of the right to access. The 调查 aims to harmonise the effective application of the 通用数据保护条例 (EU 通用数据保护条例) and coordination between supervisory authorities. The results will be grouped and anal..." }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into data collection practices of loyalty programs and dematerialised receipts", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/les-controles-de-la-cnil-en-2024-donnees-des-mineurs-jeux-olympiques-droit-dacces-et-tickets-de", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) announced an investigation into the data collection practices of major retail brands' loyalty programs and the recent dematerialisation of receipts. The investigation will focus on the information shared with consumers and the compliance with the collection of consent before any reuse of data for advertising targeting purposes. This investigation is part of the CNIL priority themes of 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into data collection practices of loyalty programs and dematerialised receipts", "description_zh": "On 8 February 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced an 调查 into the data collection practices of major retail brands' loyalty programs and the recent dematerialisation of receipts. The 调查 will focus on the information shared with consumers and the compliance with the collection of consent before any reuse of data for advertising targeting purposes. This 调查 is part of the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 priority themes of 2024." }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Arcom Order on Conditions of Appropriate Visibility of Services of General Interest", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/nos-ressources/espace-juridique/textes-juridiques/projet-de-deliberation-relative-aux-conditions-de-visibilite-appropriee-des-services-dinteret-general-et-aux-modalites-de-recueil-des-informations-mentionnees-larticle-20-7-de-la-loi-du-30-septembre-1986", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Audiovisual and Digital Communication Regulatory Authority (Arcom) published a draft order on the conditions of appropriate visibility of services of general interest. The order states that accessing services of general interest must not be more cumbersome than accessing other services, including audiovisual communication. Additionally, services of general interest must be prominently placed within user interfaces, search results, and recommendations, treated fairly al...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国视听与数字通信监管局 Order on Conditions of Appropriate Visibility of Services of General Interest", "description_zh": "On 8 February 2024, the 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局) published a draft order on the conditions of appropriate visibility of services of general interest. The order states that accessing services of general interest must not be more cumbersome than accessing other services, including audiovisual communication. Additionally, services of general interest must be prominently placed within user interfaces, search results, and 建议, treated fairly al..." }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "UK-France Joint Declaration on AI Safety and Research Collaboration", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-france-to-deepen-research-and-ai-links-following-horizon-association", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the UK and France adopted a joint declaration to further collaborate in research and AI and jointly support the safe and responsible development of AI technology. The French Minister for Higher Education and Research and the UK Secretary of State committed GBP 800'000 in new funding towards joint research efforts to unlock more UK-France joint bids for grants to support cutting-edge R&D. The joint declaration aims to strengthen scientific cooperation in priority fields su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "UK-France Joint Declaration on 人工智能 Safety and Research Collaboration", "description_zh": "On 29 February 2024, the UK and France adopted a joint declaration to further collaborate in research and 人工智能 and jointly support the safe and responsible development of 人工智能 technology. The French Minister for Higher Education and Research and the UK Secretary of State committed GBP 800'000 in new funding towards joint research efforts to unlock more UK-France joint bids for grants to support cutting-edge R&D. The joint declaration aims to strengthen scientific cooperation in priority fields su..." }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "CNIL note regarding genetic tests on the Internet", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/tests-genetiques-sur-internet-la-cnil-appelle-la-vigilance", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued a cautionary notice regarding online genetic tests. The CNIL specifically alerts that companies providing these tests acquire extensive information and data from their customers. Currently, in France, genetic tests are permissible only within the scope of a judicial inquiry, for medical purposes, or research endeavours. Outside of these narrowly defined situations, the individual's consent must be obtained. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 note regarding genetic tests on the Internet", "description_zh": "On 6 March 2024, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued a cautionary 通知 regarding 在线 genetic tests. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 specifically alerts that companies providing these tests acquire extensive information and data from their customers. Currently, in France, genetic tests are permissible only within the scope of a judicial 调查, for medical purposes, or research endeavours. Outside of these narrowly de罚款d situations, the individual's consent must be obtained. The ..." }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "WebGroup and Coyote System lawsuits challenging the Arcom enforcement of age verification requirement for online pornographic content", "url": "https://www.conseil-etat.fr/actualites/acces-en-ligne-aux-contenus-pornographiques-le-conseil-d-etat-saisit-la-cour-de-justice-de-l-union-europeenne-de-l-enjeu-de-la-protection-des-min", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the Council of State referred a lawsuit regarding the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom)'s enforcement of age verification requirements for online pornographic content to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This decision was prompted by a challenge from two Czech website publishers, WebGroup and Coyote System, against the powers granted to Arcom to enforce the criminal ban on access by minors to pornographic content. The Coun...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "WebGroup and Coyote System 法律suits challenging the 法国视听与数字通信监管局 enforcement of 年龄验证 requirement for 在线 pornographic content", "description_zh": "On 6 March 2024, the 最高行政法院 referred a 法律suit regarding the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (法国视听与数字通信监管局)'s enforcement of 年龄验证 requirements for 在线 pornographic content to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This decision was prompted by a challenge from two Czech website publishers, WebGroup and Coyote System, against the powers granted to 法国视听与数字通信监管局 to enforce the criminal ban on access by 未成年人 to pornographic content. The Coun..." }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Recommendations for new authority in report following inquiry into artificial development in France", "url": "https://www.gouvernement.fr/actualite/25-recommandations-pour-lia-en-france", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Commission submitted a report to the President of the Republic containing 25 policy recommendations to incentivise Artificial intelligence (AI) development in France. These include launching a national awareness and training plan, investing in digital companies, making France a hub for computing power, transforming the approach to personal data, ensuring the influence of French culture, experimenting with public research in AI, and structuring a d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Recommendations for new authority in report following 调查 into artificial development in France", "description_zh": "On 13 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Commission submitted a report to the President of the Republic containing 25 policy 建议 to incentivise Artificial intelligence (人工智能) development in France. These include launching a national awareness and training plan, investing in digital companies, making France a hub for computing power, transforming the approach to 个人数据, ensuring the influence of French culture, experimenting with public research in 人工智能, and structuring a d..." }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "CNIL Recommendation on Multi-Factor Authentication for Data Protection Compliance", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/authentification-multifacteur-consultation-publique-de-la-cnil-sur-un-projet-de-recommandation", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) closes the consultation on a draft recommendation to support users and providers of multi-factor authentication (MFA) in data protection compliance. The draft recommendation serves as a guide for data controllers on the necessity of MFA and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance in MFA implementation, including legal bases, data minimisation, adherence to data subjects' rights, and the selection of compliant authenticat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 Recommendation on Multi-Factor Authentication for Data Protection Compliance", "description_zh": "On 31 May 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) closes the consultation on a draft recommendation to support users and providers of multi-factor authentication (MFA) in 数据保护 compliance. The draft recommendation serves as a guide for data controllers on the necessity of MFA and 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) compliance in MFA implementation, including legal bases, data minimisation, adherence to data subjects' rights, and the selection of compliant authenticat..." }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into Hubside Store for allegedly using data for commercial prospecting without valid consent", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/commercial-prospecting-hubsidestore-fined-eu525000", "description": "On 9 April 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) imposed a fine of EUR 525'000 on Hubside Store following an investigation into the company's use of data for commercial prospecting without valid consent. The investigation determined that Hubside Store purchased data from data brokers for phone and SMS campaigns to promote its products. The data brokers obtained the personal data in online competitions, but the forms used were found to have a misleading appearance and made it impos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into Hubside Store for allegedly using data for commercial prospecting without valid consent", "description_zh": "On 9 April 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) imposed a 罚款 of EUR 525'000 on Hubside Store following an 调查 into the company's use of data for commercial prospecting without valid consent. The 调查 determined that Hubside Store purchased data from data brokers for phone and SMS campaigns to promote its products. The data brokers obtained the 个人数据 in 在线 competitions, but the forms used were found to have a misleading appearance and made it impos..." }, { "date": "25 April 2024", "title": "CNIL notice regarding data minimisation in the recruitment process", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recrutement-la-cnil-met-en-demeure-une-societe-de-minimiser-la-collecte-de-donnees-personnelles-de", "description": "On 25 April 2024, the French Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) issued a notice after receiving complaints about excessive data collection in the context of a recruitment process. The unknown company in question asked applicants about their place of birth, their nationality, family situation, the names of their partners, their partners' place of birth and profession, and their children as well. The CNIL stated that compliance with the principle of data minimisation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 通知 regarding data minimisation in the recruitment process", "description_zh": "On 25 April 2024, the French Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued a 通知 after receiving complaints about excessive data collection in the context of a recruitment process. The unknown company in question asked applicants about their place of birth, their nationality, family situation, the names of their partners, their partners' place of birth and profession, and their children as well. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 stated that compliance with the principle of data minimisation ..." }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "CNIL inquiry into data processing in the health field", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/prenez-date-mise-jour-des-referentiels-sante-la-cnil-vous-consultera-partir-du-16-mai-afin", "description": "On 26 April 2024, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) announced its inquiry into health standards. It will initiate a consultation process starting 16 May 2024 to gather input from stakeholders involved in health data research and processing. The CNIL aims to update and create new standards to adapt to evolving regulations, technological advancements like artificial intelligence, and the changing landscape of health research due to factors such as the health crisis. Stak...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into data processing in the health field", "description_zh": "On 26 April 2024, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced its 调查 into health standards. It will initiate a consultation process starting 16 May 2024 to gather input from stakeholders involved in health data research and processing. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 aims to update and create new standards to adapt to evolving regulations, technological advancements like 人工智能, and the changing landscape of health research due to factors such as the health crisis. Stak..." }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "CNIL guidelines on development of AI systems and the creation of datasets involving personal data", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/node/164387", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted guidelines on the development of ai systems and the creation of datasets involving personal data. The guidelines aim to offer information and recommendations for the development of AI systems and the creation of datasets involving personal data, focusing specifically on the development phase and not the deployment phase. These guidelines are intended for professionals with legal and technical backgrounds, such a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 指南 on development of 人工智能 systems and the creation of datasets involving 个人数据", "description_zh": "On 7 June 2024, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted 指南 on the development of ai systems and the creation of datasets involving 个人数据. The 指南 aim to offer information and 建议 for the development of 人工智能 systems and the creation of datasets involving 个人数据, focusing specifically on the development phase and not the deployment phase. These 指南 are intended for professionals with legal and technical backgrounds, such a..." }, { "date": "6 December 2024", "title": "CNIL recommendations on the opening and reuse of data published on the Internet", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ouverture-et-reutilisation-de-donnees-personnelles-sur-internet-la-cnil-publie-ses-recommandations", "description": "On 12 June 2024, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted its recommendations on the opening and reuse of data published on the Internet. The recommendations aim to help professionals balance their responsibilities with individuals' privacy rights when opening and reusing data published on the Internet. The initiative responds to the increasing use of data sharing driven by regulatory movements and the varied use of freely accessible online data by public and private ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 建议 on the opening and reuse of data published on the Internet", "description_zh": "On 12 June 2024, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted its 建议 on the opening and reuse of data published on the Internet. The 建议 aim to help professionals balance their responsibilities with individuals' 隐私 rights when opening and reusing data published on the Internet. The initiative responds to the increasing use of data sharing driven by regulatory movements and the varied use of freely accessible 在线 data by public and private ..." }, { "date": "25 June 2024", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency and National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties cooperation agreement on safeguarding personal information and advancing privacy", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20240625.html", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) and the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) signed a declaration of cooperation to collaborate on efforts to safeguard personal information and advance privacy. The declaration establishes a general framework for cooperation, facilitating joint internal research and education related to new technologies and data protection issues, sharing best practices, and convening periodic meetings.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "California Privacy Protection Agency and 法国国家信息与自由委员会 cooperation agreement on safeguarding personal information and advancing 隐私", "description_zh": "On 25 June 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) and the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) signed a declaration of cooperation to collaborate on efforts to safeguard personal information and advance 隐私. The declaration establishes a general framework for cooperation, facilitating joint internal research and education related to new technologies and 数据保护 issues, sharing best practices, and convening periodic meetings." }, { "date": "5 July 2021", "title": "Christchurch Call to Action To Eliminate Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/05/07/statement-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-on-the-occasion-of-the-united-states-joining-the-christchurch-call-to-action-to-eliminate-terrorist-and-violent-extremist-content-online/", "description": "The U.S. announces that it will join the Christchurch Call to Action to Eliminate Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online, which is a pledge by member governments and technology partners to combat such content to protect human rights and the rule of law.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Christchurch Call to Action To Eliminate Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online", "description_zh": "The U.S. announces that it will join the Christchurch Call to Action to Eliminate Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online, which is a pledge by member governments and technology partners to combat such content to protect human rights and the rule of 法律." }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "CNIL guidelines for conducting diversity measurement surveys in compliance with privacy regulations", "url": "https://cnil.fr/fr/consultation-projet-recommandations-mesures-diversite-au-travail", "description": "On 13 September 2024, the French Data Protection Agency (CNIL) closes the public consultation on the guidelines for conducting diversity measurement surveys in compliance with privacy regulations. The consultation is addressed to employers, service providers acting as trusted third parties, employees, and agents engaged in diversity measurement within organisations. The guideline emphasises the sensitive nature of health status, sexual orientation, and ethnic origin, which are collected as pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 指南 for conducting diversity measurement surveys in compliance with 隐私 regulations", "description_zh": "On 13 September 2024, the French Data Protection Agency (法国国家信息与自由委员会) closes the public consultation on the 指南 for conducting diversity measurement surveys in compliance with 隐私 regulations. The consultation is addressed to employers, service providers acting as trusted third parties, employees, and agents engaged in diversity measurement within organisations. The guideline emphasises the sensitive nature of health status, sexual orientation, and ethnic origin, which are collected as pa..." }, { "date": "19 July 2024", "title": "CNIL inquiry into European certification project for cloud services", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/cloud-les-risques-dune-certification-europeenne-permettant-lacces-des-autorites-etrangeres", "description": "On 19 July 2024, the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) issued its assessment of the European certification project for cloud services (EUCS). The CNIL assessed the certification's ability to protect stored data from access by foreign powers, a feature that is no longer present, unlike France's SecNumCloud qualification. The CNIL has called for the reintroduction of guarantees to ensure a higher level of personal data protection within this certificatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into European certification project for cloud services", "description_zh": "On 19 July 2024, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued its assessment of the European certification project for cloud services (EUCS). The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 assessed the certification's ability to protect stored data from access by foreign powers, a feature that is no longer present, unlike France's SecNumCloud qualification. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 has called for the reintroduction of guarantees to ensure a higher level of personal 数据保护 within this certificatio..." }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "UK-France inquiry into commercial cyber intrusion capabilities under Pall Mall Process", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-france-to-consult-on-commercial-cyber-intrusion-capabilities", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the governments of the United Kingdom and France close the public consultation on challenges posed by commercial cyber intrusion capabilities (CCICs) as part of the Pall Mall Process. The consultation aims to gather information from various stakeholders, including states, industry organisations, and civil society, on good practices relating to CCICs. The focus is on understanding the roles of states as regulators and potential customers, the involvement of industry organi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "UK-France 调查 into commercial cyber intrusion capabilities under Pall Mall Process", "description_zh": "On 11 October 2024, the governments of the United Kingdom and France close the public consultation on challenges posed by commercial cyber intrusion capabilities (CCICs) as part of the Pall Mall Process. The consultation aims to gather information from various stakeholders, including states, industry organisations, and civil society, on good practices relating to CCICs. The focus is on understanding the roles of states as regulators and potential customers, the involvement of industry organi..." }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "CNIL investigation into CEGEDIM SANTE over allegedly processing non-anonymous health data without authorisation", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/donnees-de-sante-sanction-de-800-000-euros-societe-cegedim-sante", "description": "On 5 September 2024, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) fined CEGEDIM SANTÉ EUR 800'000 for processing non-anonymous health data without authorisation. In particular, CEGEDIM SANTÉ, a management software provider for medical practices, used by about 25'000 doctors and 500 health centers, processed pseudonymous data, which allowed for potential re-identification of individuals, thus requiring CNIL authorisation under data protection laws. The CNIL found that CEGEDIM SANTÉ failed to co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into CEGEDIM SANTE over allegedly processing non-anonymous health data without authorisation", "description_zh": "On 5 September 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) 罚款d CEGEDIM SANTÉ EUR 800'000 for processing non-anonymous health data without authorisation. In particular, CEGEDIM SANTÉ, a management software provider for medical practices, used by about 25'000 doctors and 500 health centers, processed pseudonymous data, which allowed for potential re-identification of individuals, thus requiring 法国国家信息与自由委员会 authorisation under 数据保护 法律s. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 found that CEGEDIM SANTÉ failed to co..." }, { "date": "11 May 2024", "title": "BdF-MAS collaboration on post-quantum cryptography for digital payment security", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2024/bdf-and-mas-conduct-groundbreaking-post-quantum-cryptography-experiment", "description": "On 5 November 2024, the Bank of France (BdF) and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) announced the completion of a project in post-quantum cryptography (PQC), aimed at ensuring the security of digital payments against the potential threats posed by quantum computing. The bilateral initiative tested quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms for securing email communications, a component of digital financial transactions. The project was conducted over conventional Internet technologies ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BdF-MAS collaboration on post-quantum cryptography for digital payment security", "description_zh": "On 5 November 2024, the Bank of France (BdF) and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) announced the completion of a project in post-quantum cryptography (PQC), aimed at ensuring the security of digital payments against the potential threats posed by quantum computing. The bilateral initiative tested quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms for securing email communications, a component of digital financial transactions. The project was conducted over conventional Internet technologies ..." }, { "date": "11 August 2024", "title": "Amendment to raise the Digital Services Tax (DST) rate in Finance Bill for 2025", "url": "https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/amendements/0324A/AN/735", "description": "On 8 November 2024, a proposed amendment to the Draft Finance Bill for 2025 to raise the Digital Services Tax (DST) from 3% to 5% was rejected by the French Parliament. Under the implemented DST regulation, the entities liable for the Digital Services Tax (DST) include both French and foreign companies with a global annual turnover exceeding EUR 750 million from taxable activities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Amendment to raise the Digital Services Tax (DST) rate in Finance 法案 for 2025", "description_zh": "On 8 November 2024, a proposed amendment to the Draft Finance 法案 for 2025 to raise the Digital Services Tax (DST) from 3% to 5% was rejected by the French Parliament. Under the implemented DST regulation, the entities liable for the Digital Services Tax (DST) include both French and foreign companies with a global annual turnover exceeding EUR 750 million from taxable activities." }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority evaluation framework pertaining to GDPR certification of subcontractors", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/certification-rgpd-des-sous-traitants-la-cnil-consulte-sur-un-projet-de-referentiel-devaluation", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Data Protection Authority for France (CNIL) closes its public consultation on the evaluation framework of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) certification of subcontractors. The framework seeks to help organisations demonstrate GDPR compliance in outsourcing. The certification applies to processors, such as information technology service providers and marketing agencies, processing personal data on behalf of controllers, with a focus on small and medium ent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data Protection Authority evaluation framework pertaining to 通用数据保护条例 certification of subcontractors", "description_zh": "On 28 February 2024, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) closes its public consultation on the evaluation framework of the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) certification of subcontractors. The framework seeks to help organisations demonstrate 通用数据保护条例 compliance in outsourcing. The certification applies to processors, such as information technology service providers and marketing agencies, processing 个人数据 on behalf of controllers, with a focus on small and medium ent..." }, { "date": "1 December 2021", "title": "Lawsuit against CNIL and SNCF Connect for alleged violations of data minimisation principles in ticket purchasing processes", "url": "https://www.deshoulieres-avocats.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/12.01.2021-Plainte-Cnil-c.-SNCF-Voyageurs.pdf", "description": "On 12 January 2021, the Mousse Association, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organisation, brought a complaint to the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) challenging the practice of SNCF Connect, the French railway operator, in requiring customers to select a title (i.e., \"Monsieur\" or \"Madame\") when purchasing tickets online. Mousse alleged that the practice violated the GDPR, infringing on individuals' rights to data privacy and non-discrimination.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lawsuit against 法国国家信息与自由委员会 and SNCF Connect for alleged violations of data minimisation principles in ticket purchasing processes", "description_zh": "On 12 January 2021, the Mousse Association, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organisation, brought a complaint to the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) challenging the practice of SNCF Connect, the French railway operator, in requiring customers to select a title (i.e., \"Monsieur\" or \"Madame\") when purchasing tickets 在线. Mousse alleged that the practice violated the 通用数据保护条例, infringing on individuals' rights to data 隐私 and non-discrimination." }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties guideline on lawfully reusing databases", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/reutilisation-de-bases-de-donnees-les-verifications-necessaires-pour-respecter-la-loi", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the French National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) outlined the necessary checks for organisations reusing databases to ensure compliance with data protection regulations. The guidelines emphasise verifying the legality of database creation and sharing, particularly under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and recommend conducting a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) to ensure lawful data processing. The guideline further ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 guideline on 法律fully reusing databases", "description_zh": "On 23 January 2025, the French 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) outlined the necessary checks for organisations reusing databases to ensure compliance with 数据保护 regulations. The 指南 emphasise verifying the legality of database creation and sharing, particularly under the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) and recommend conducting a 数据保护 impact assessment (DPIA) to ensure 法律ful data processing. The guideline further ..." }, { "date": "2 November 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Qwant over alleged misrepresentation of pseudonymised data in privacy policy", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/qwant-cnil-traitement-des-donnees-personnelles-rappel-obligations-legales", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued a compliance reminder to Qwant concerning over failure to accurately anonymise data transmitted to Microsoft. This follows a 2019 investigation into Qwant over its handling of personal data transmitted to Microsoft. The CNIL found that while Qwant had pseudonymised the data, it had inaccurately presented it as anonymised in its privacy policy, breaching transparency obligations under the General Data Protection Regulation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data Protection Authority 调查 into Qwant over alleged misrepresentation of pseudonymised data in 隐私 policy", "description_zh": "On 11 February 2025, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued a compliance reminder to Qwant concerning over failure to accurately anonymise data transmitted to Microsoft. This follows a 2019 调查 into Qwant over its handling of 个人数据 transmitted to Microsoft. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 found that while Qwant had pseudonymised the data, it had inaccurately presented it as anonymised in its 隐私 policy, breaching transparency obligations under the 通用数据保护条例..." }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty 2025 work program on connected vehicles and mobility including dashcams", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/club-conformite-vehicules-connectes-programme-de-travail-2025-cnil", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) announced the development of new recommendations on the use of onboard cameras (dashcams) and location data in connected vehicles. As part of its 2025 work programme, the CNIL's 'Club Conformité' will address the legal, technical and privacy challenges associated with dashcams. Established in 2023, the Club Conformité serves as a platform for ongoing dialogue between industry stakeholders to address legal, technica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 2025 work program on connected vehicles and mobility including dashcams", "description_zh": "On 26 February 2025, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) announced the development of new 建议 on the use of onboard cameras (dashcams) and location data in connected vehicles. As part of its 2025 work programme, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会's 'Club Conformité' will address the legal, technical and 隐私 challenges associated with dashcams. Established in 2023, the Club Conformité serves as a 平台 for ongoing dialogue between industry stakeholders to address legal, technica..." }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Authority for the Regulation of Audiovisual and Digital Communication investigation into distribution of Russian Channels", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/presse/larcom-demande-la-cessation-de-la-diffusion-de-chaines-russes-sous-sanctions-europeennes", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the French Authority for the Regulation of Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom) issued a formal request to Eutelsat SA to cease broadcasting the Russian television channels Channel 5 and STS. This decision was made in accordance with Article 42 of the Law of 30 September 1986 and was based on Council Regulation (EU) No 269/2014, which prohibits the provision of economic resources to entities listed in Annex I. The channels in question are controlled by JSC National ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国视听与数字通信监管局 调查 into distribution of Russian Channels", "description_zh": "On 19 March 2025, the French 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局) issued a formal request to Eutelsat SA to cease broadcasting the Russian television channels Channel 5 and STS. This decision was made in accordance with Article 42 of the Law of 30 September 1986 and was based on Council 欧盟条例 No 269/2014, which prohibits the provision of economic resources to entities listed in Annex I. The channels in question are controlled by JSC National ..." }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty inquiry into economic impact of recommendation on tracking pixels in emails", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/webform-consultation-pixel-impact-economique", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) closes its consultation in the form of a questionnaire. The consultation seeks feedback on the direct and indirect economic impact of a draft recommendation concerning tracking pixels in emails. Stakeholders are invited to provide specific, objective, and quantified information, particularly on competitive impacts and alternative market solutions. The CNIL aims to understand the business models and economic consequence...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into economic impact of recommendation on tracking pixels in emails", "description_zh": "On 24 July 2025, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) closes its consultation in the form of a questionnaire. The consultation seeks feedback on the direct and indirect economic impact of a draft recommendation concerning tracking pixels in emails. Stakeholders are invited to provide specific, objective, and quantified information, particularly on competitive impacts and alternative market solutions. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 aims to understand the business models and economic consequence..." }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "National Commission for the Protection of Information and Information guidance clarifying the role of data controllers and subcontractors in personal data processing", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/rgpd-comment-bien-identifier-son-role", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the French National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted guidance clarifying how entities should determine their roles as data controllers, joint controllers, or processors under the General Data Protection Regulation. The guidance applies to all organisations processing personal data and emphasises that qualifications must be based on actual decision-making responsibilities rather than contractual labels. Controllers determine the purposes and essential means ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Commission for the Protection of Information and Information 指南 clarifying the role of data controllers and subcontractors in 个人数据 processing", "description_zh": "On 6 June 2025, the French 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted 指南 clarifying how entities should determine their roles as data controllers, joint controllers, or processors under the 通用数据保护条例. The 指南 applies to all organisations processing 个人数据 and emphasises that qualifications must be based on actual decision-making responsibilities rather than contractual labels. Controllers determine the purposes and essential means ..." }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on the measures to be taken in the event of data collection by web scraping", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/focus-interet-legitime-collecte-par-moissonnage", "description": "On 19 June 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) adopted a guideline outlining the obligations for data controllers collecting personal data through web scraping, particularly when relying on legitimate interest as a legal basis to develop Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The guidance applies to organisations engaging in harvesting publicly accessible data and emphasises the need to minimise harm to individuals’ rights under the General Data Protection Regulation. It highligh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data Protection Authority 指南 on the measures to be taken in the event of data collection by web scraping", "description_zh": "On 19 June 2025, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted a guideline outlining the obligations for data controllers collecting 个人数据 through web scraping, particularly when relying on legitimate interest as a legal basis to develop Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) systems. The 指南 applies to organisations engaging in harvesting publicly accessible data and emphasises the need to minimise harm to individuals’ rights under the 通用数据保护条例. It highligh..." }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty report assessing the economic benefits of the General Data Protection Regulation from a cybersecurity perspective", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/cybersecurity-economic-benefits-gdpr#:~:text=The%20CNIL%20publishes%20an%20analysis,cyber%20damages%20in%20the%20EU", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the CNIL published a report assessing the economic benefits of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) from a cybersecurity perspective. The analysis applies to firms processing personal data in the European Union, focusing on GDPR obligations under Articles 32–34. The report finds that GDPR helps correct market failures by requiring security measures and breach notifications that reduce negative externalities affecting other companies, cybercriminal incentives, and ind...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 report assessing the economic benefits of the 通用数据保护条例 from a 网络安全 perspective", "description_zh": "On 24 June 2025, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 published a report assessing the economic benefits of the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) from a 网络安全 perspective. The analysis applies to firms processing 个人数据 in the European Union, focusing on 通用数据保护条例 obligations under Articles 32–34. The report finds that 通用数据保护条例 helps correct market failures by requiring security measures and breach notifications that reduce negative externalities affecting other companies, cybercriminal incentives, and ind..." }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "General Directorate of National Gendarmerie investigation into X over alleged use of algorithm for foreign interference", "url": "https://www.tribunal-de-paris.justice.fr/sites/default/files/2025-07/2025-07-11%20-%20CP%20X.pdf", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Paris Prosecutor’s Office referred a case to the General Directorate of the National Gendarmerie for investigation into alleged foreign interference involving the algorithm of X (formerly Twitter). The referral follows reports from a Member of Parliament and a senior public official, supported by findings from French researchers and various public institutions. The investigation focuses on both the platform as a legal entity and individuals, focusing on organised tampering...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "General Directorate of National Gendarmerie 调查 into X over alleged use of algorithm for foreign interference", "description_zh": "On 9 July 2025, the 巴黎检察院’s Office referred a case to the 国家宪兵总署 for 调查 into alleged foreign interference involving the algorithm of X (formerly Twitter). The referral follows reports from a Member of Parliament and a senior public official, supported by findings from French researchers and various public institutions. The 调查 focuses on both the 平台 as a legal entity and individuals, focusing on organised tampering..." }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty self-assessment tool for implementing an audience measurement solution exempt from consent", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/cookies-solutions-pour-les-outils-de-mesure-daudience", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) issued the self-assessment tool for implementing an audience measurement solution exempt from consent in accordance with Article 82 of the French Data Protection Act. The tool is designed to assess whether a solution meets the strict conditions for exemption from consent, not its full compliance with data protection law. Under the Act, consent is not required for trackers that are strictly necessary for providing a serv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 self-assessment tool for implementing an audience measurement solution exempt from consent", "description_zh": "On 4 July 2025, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued the self-assessment tool for implementing an audience measurement solution exempt from consent in accordance with Article 82 of the French Data Protection Act. The tool is designed to assess whether a solution meets the strict conditions for exemption from consent, not its full compliance with 数据保护 法律. Under the Act, consent is not required for trackers that are strictly necessary for providing a serv..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Decree establishing procedures for exercise by Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication of its powers", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=Jo1UJTY9SbF2fbpIwW8qSfhuXzUk3lvjJH0Lsl3bVFs=", "description": "On 1 January 2025, Decree No. 2024-1255 implementing Article 9-1 of Law No. 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended by Article 51 of Law No. 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, entered into force the day after its publication in the Official Journal. The Decree establishes procedures for the exercise by the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (ARCOM) of its investigative and enforcement powers under...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Decree establishing procedures for exercise by Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication of its powers", "description_zh": "On 1 January 2025, 第号法令 2024-1255 implementing Article 9-1 of 第号法律 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended by Article 51 of 第号法律 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, entered into force the day after its publication in the Official Journal. The Decree establishes procedures for the exercise by the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (ARCOM) of its investigative and enforcement powers under..." }, { "date": "24 January 2025", "title": "Decree on protection of strategic and sensitive data in the cloud computing market under Article 31 of Law on Securing and Regulating the Digital Space", "url": "https://technical-regulation-information-system.ec.europa.eu/fr/notification/26621/text/D/FR?", "description": "On 24 January 2025, the Government of France published the draft Decree implementing Article 31 of the Law on Securing and Regulating the Digital Space (SREN Law/ LAW No. 2024-449). The decree establishes measures for the protection of strategic and sensitive data in the cloud computing market for administrations and State operators, as well as designated public interest groupings. The draft decree requires private service providers to have documented policies on information security and risk...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Decree on protection of strategic and sensitive data in the 云计算 market under Article 31 of Law on Securing and Regulating the Digital Space", "description_zh": "On 24 January 2025, the Government of France published the draft Decree implementing Article 31 of the Law on Securing and Regulating the Digital Space (SREN Law/ LAW No. 2024-449). The 法令 establishes measures for the protection of strategic and sensitive data in the 云计算 market for administrations and State operators, as well as designated public interest groupings. The draft 法令 requires private service providers to have documented policies on information security and risk..." }, { "date": "8 July 2025", "title": "Decree No. 2025-768 on establishment of a connection threshold for the temporary retention of illegal content by online platform operators", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=G4eiXSIMaZyGAvKo6YyX_xD-20XFtDEHKJ4-bzXY1sc=", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the Decree No. 2025-768 on the establishment of a connection threshold from which online platform operators are required to temporarily retain illegal content that has been reported and removed or made inaccessible enters into force. Online platforms are defined under point (i) of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). The decree, applicable in mainland France, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and the Wallis an...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2025-768 on establishment of a connection threshold for the temporary retention of illegal content by 在线 平台 operators", "description_zh": "On 7 August 2025, the 第号法令 2025-768 on the establishment of a connection threshold from which 在线 平台 operators are required to temporarily retain illegal content that has been reported and removed or made inaccessible enters into force. Online 平台s are de罚款d under point (i) of Article 3 of 欧盟条例 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). The 法令, applicable in mainland France, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and the Wallis an..." }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "Decree No. 2025-767 on mandatory display requirements for warnings in pornographic audiovisual content simulating rape or incestuous rape", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=G4eiXSIMaZyGAvKo6YyX_yfJvp_yqT8SIiOnWW6Q0Fc=", "description": "On 6 October 2025, Decree No. 2025-767 on the presentation of the warning message concerning the illegal nature of behaviours represented in pornographic content enters into force. The decree implements Articles 1-3 of Law No. 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as inserted by Article 12 of Law No. 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space. The decree establishes the exact wording of the mandatory warning for content simulating rape, aggra...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2025-767 on mandatory display requirements for warnings in pornographic audiovisual content simulating rape or incestuous rape", "description_zh": "On 6 October 2025, 第号法令 2025-767 on the presentation of the warning message concerning the illegal nature of behaviours represented in pornographic content enters into force. The 法令 implements Articles 1-3 of 第号法律 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as inserted by Article 12 of 第号法律 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space. The 法令 establishes the exact wording of the mandatory warning for content simulating rape, aggra..." }, { "date": "5 January 2025", "title": "Decree No. 2025-386 on derogatory period for tacit acceptance of data intermediation service provider applications by the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications Postal Services and Press Distribution under Data Governance Regulation", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=mAfLnYuTsM3qBBS5duXJF3VEXILojmKp9tcAuKhOmEw=", "description": "On 1 May 2025, Decree No. 2025-386 enters into force following its publication on 30 April 2025. The decree establishes a derogatory period after which the silence maintained by the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications, Postal Services and Press Distribution (ARCEP) on requests submitted by data intermediation service providers is deemed acceptance, pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 11 of Regulation (EU) 2022/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on E...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2025-386 on derogatory period for tacit acceptance of data intermediation service provider applications by the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications Postal Services and Press Distribution under Data Governance Regulation", "description_zh": "On 1 May 2025, 第号法令 2025-386 enters into force following its publication on 30 April 2025. The 法令 establishes a derogatory period after which the silence maintained by the Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications, Postal Services and Press Distribution (ARCEP) on requests submitted by data intermediation service providers is deemed acceptance, pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 11 of 欧盟条例 2022/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on E..." }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "Decree No. 2025-346 on designation of State services comprising the national network for the coordination of the regulation of digital services", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=7LmXEZdnLi7eCA44AfI3DzMbWZAFbcTslqsHhe5AbcM=", "description": "On 17 April 2025, Decree No. 2025-346 implementing Article 7-4 of Law No. 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended by Article 51 of Law No. 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, enters into force. The decree designates the State services forming the national network for coordinating the regulation of digital services. It lists the State services in addition to the independent administrative authorities named in the law. Under t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2025-346 on designation of State services comprising the national network for the coordination of the regulation of digital services", "description_zh": "On 17 April 2025, 第号法令 2025-346 implementing Article 7-4 of 第号法律 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended by Article 51 of 第号法律 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, enters into force. The 法令 designates the State services forming the national network for coordinating the regulation of digital services. It lists the State services in addition to the independent administrative authorities named in the 法律. Under t..." }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Decree No. 2025-146 on the removal of child pornography content and images of torture or acts of barbarity", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/download/pdf?id=x1QAQbmpeNTf08feK5me65MD0LeooqkyAbZzfe5bjzs=", "description": "On 20 February 2025, Decree No. 2025-146 on the removal of content of a child pornography nature and images of torture or acts of barbarity entered into force, following its publication on 19 February 2025 in the Official Journal. The decree implements Articles 4, 5 and 49 of Law No. 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, and Article 6-2-2 of Law No. 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended. It specifies the administrative and ju...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in 第号法令 2025-146 on the removal of child pornography content and images of torture or acts of barbarity", "description_zh": "On 20 February 2025, 第号法令 2025-146 on the removal of content of a child pornography nature and images of torture or acts of barbarity entered into force, following its publication on 19 February 2025 in the Official Journal. The 法令 implements Articles 4, 5 and 49 of 第号法律 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space, and Article 6-2-2 of 第号法律 2004-575 of 21 June 2004 on confidence in the digital economy, as amended. It specifies the administrative and ju..." }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication investigation into content moderation practices on Kick platform", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/presse/larcom-condamne-la-decision-de-kickcom-de-lever-le-blocage-de-la-chaine-jeanpormanove-et-rappelle-la-plateforme-ses-responsabilites", "description": "On 22 August 2025, the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (Arcom) condemned the unblocking of the jeanpormanove channel on the Kick platform. The channel had previously broadcast violent content linked to the death of an individual. Arcom stressed that sharing recordings with authorities does not justify restoring public access to the channel. It demanded that Kick reinstate the block without delay and warned of possible enforcement measures if the platform fails t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication 调查 into 内容审核 practices on Kick 平台", "description_zh": "On 22 August 2025, the Regulatory Authority for Audiovisual and Digital Communication (法国视听与数字通信监管局) condemned the unblocking of the jeanpormanove channel on the Kick 平台. The channel had previously broadcast violent content linked to the death of an individual. 法国视听与数字通信监管局 stressed that sharing recordings with authorities does not justify restoring public access to the channel. It demanded that Kick reinstate the block without delay and warned of possible enforcement measures if the 平台 fails t..." }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "Ministry for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs' lawsuit against Kick Platform over alleged proliferation of violent content online", "url": "https://presse.economie.gouv.fr/annonce-des-mesures-fortes-contre-la-plateforme-kick-et-la-proliferation-des-contenus-violents-en-ligne/", "description": "On 26 August 2025, the Ministry for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs announced a lawsuit against the livestreaming platform Kick under Article 6-3 of the Law on Confidence in the Digital Economy, which provides for the State’s ability to act against harmful or illegal content online. Article 6-3 of the Law empowers the judicial court president to order measures to prevent or stop harm from online public communication content. The decision followed the death of an individual, which ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ministry for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs' 法律suit against Kick Platform over alleged proliferation of violent content 在线", "description_zh": "On 26 August 2025, the Ministry for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs announced a 法律suit against the livestreaming 平台 Kick under Article 6-3 of the Law on Confidence in the Digital Economy, which provides for the State’s ability to act against harmful or illegal content 在线. Article 6-3 of the Law empowers the judicial court president to order measures to prevent or stop harm from 在线 public communication content. The decision followed the death of an individual, which ..." }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on application of right to data portability in loyalty programs", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/programmes-de-fidelite-la-cnil-precise-lapplication-du-droit-la-portabilite-des-donnees", "description": "On 14 October 2025, the French National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) adopted guidance regarding the application of the right to data portability to loyalty programs, following inquiries from the distribution sector. The CNIL specified that Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) barcodes of purchased products, when linked to customer identification information, constitute portable data that must be transmitted upon request. Similarly, the financial amount of promotions obtained throug...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidance on application of right to data portability in loyalty programs", "description_zh": "On 14 October 2025, the French 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted 指南 regarding the application of the right to data portability to loyalty programs, following inquiries from the distribution sector. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 specified that Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) barcodes of purchased products, when linked to customer identification information, constitute portable data that must be transmitted upon request. Similarly, the financial amount of promotions obtained throug..." }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Bill on securing digital public procurement (No. 8)", "url": "https://www.senat.fr/dossier-legislatif/ppl25-008.html", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Bill on securing digital public procurement (No. 8) was introduced to the Senate. The Bill would amend the Public Procurement Code to require that, for contracts involving the cloud hosting and processing of public data, the contracting authority set performance requirements preventing the application of foreign laws with extraterritorial effect, which could compel the contractor to disclose or transfer this data to foreign authorities. Additionally, the authority must ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于的法案securing digital public procurement (No. 8)", "description_zh": "On 7 October 2025, the 关于的法案securing digital public procurement (No. 8) was introduced to the Senate. The 法案 would amend the Public Procurement Code to require that, for contracts involving the cloud hosting and processing of public data, the contracting authority set performance requirements preventing the application of foreign 法律s with extraterritorial effect, which could compel the contractor to disclose or transfer this data to foreign authorities. Additionally, the authority must ..." }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on political communication tools", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/les-outils-de-communication-politique", "description": "On 21 October 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) issued guidance on political communication tools under the Political Advertising Transparency Regulation (PAR). The rules apply to online targeting and dissemination of political messages using personal data. The guidance provides that political actors must collect data directly and obtain explicit consent. Profiling using sensitive data is restricted. It also provides that targeting children under 17 is prohibited. A register do...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidance on political communication tools", "description_zh": "On 21 October 2025, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued 指南 on political communication tools under the Political Advertising Transparency Regulation (PAR). The rules apply to 在线 targeting and dissemination of political messages using 个人数据. The 指南 provides that political actors must collect data directly and obtain explicit consent. Profiling using sensitive data is restricted. It also provides that targeting children under 17 is prohibited. A register do..." }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on responsibility of actors in targeted political advertising", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/la-responsabilite-des-acteurs-de-la-publicite-politique-ciblee", "description": "On 21 October 2025, the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) adopted guidance on the responsibility of actors involved in targeted political advertising. The guidance applies to sponsors, political advertising providers, and publishers engaged in developing, placing, distributing, or disseminating political adverts. Under the European Union regulation on transparency in political advertising, sponsors must disclose their identity, targets, budget, and data sources. Providers are required t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidance on responsibility of actors in targeted political advertising", "description_zh": "On 21 October 2025, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) adopted 指南 on the responsibility of actors involved in targeted political advertising. The 指南 applies to sponsors, political advertising providers, and publishers engaged in developing, placing, distributing, or disseminating political adverts. Under the European Union regulation on transparency in political advertising, sponsors must disclose their identity, targets, budget, and data sources. Providers are required t..." }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Paris Public Prosecutor's Office investigation into TikTok over allegations of illicit transaction, data processing impairment, and suicide promotion", "url": "https://www.tribunal-de-paris.justice.fr/sites/default/files/2025-11/2025-11-04%20-%20CP%20enqu%C3%AAte%20sur%20TikTok.pdf", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Paris Public Prosecutor's Office launched a preliminary investigation into TikTok following a report by MP Arthur Delaporte, which raised concerns about the platform’s insufficient moderation, easy access for minors, and algorithmic promotion of content that could lead vulnerable users to suicide. The Cybercrime Unit of the Paris Police Prefecture is examining three alleged offences, including facilitating illicit transactions through the platform, altering the functio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Paris Public Prosecutor's Office 调查 into TikTok over allegations of illicit transaction, data processing impairment, and suicide promotion", "description_zh": "On 4 November 2025, the Paris Public Prosecutor's Office launched a preliminary 调查 into TikTok following a report by MP Arthur Delaporte, which raised concerns about the 平台’s insufficient moderation, easy access for 未成年人, and algorithmic promotion of content that could lead vulnerable users to suicide. The Cybercrime Unit of the Paris Police Prefecture is examining three alleged offences, including facilitating illicit transactions through the 平台, altering the functio..." }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Arcom and CNM inquiry into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital platforms", "url": "https://www.arcom.fr/sites/default/files/2025-11/Questionnaire_Arcom_CNM.pdf", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Audiovisual and Digital Communication Regulatory Authority (Arcom) and the National Music Centre (CNM) close a public consultation as part of an inquiry into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital platforms. The consultation asks for stakeholder input on the impact of audiovisual media and digital platforms on music discovery, talent promotion, and editorial practices, including through the role of algorithms, paid prio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国视听与数字通信监管局 and CNM 调查 into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital 平台s", "description_zh": "On 19 February 2026, the 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局) and the National Music Centre (CNM) close a public consultation as part of an 调查 into discovery, exhibition, and publishing of musical works in audiovisual media and digital 平台s. The consultation asks for stakeholder input on the impact of audiovisual media and digital 平台s on music discovery, talent promotion, and editorial practices, including through the role of algorithms, paid prio..." }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "CNIL investigation into Nexpublica over alleged failure to provide sufficient security measures for PCRM software", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/cnil/id/CNILTEXT000053151799", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the French data protection authority (CNIL) fined Nexpublica France EUR 1'700'000 for failing to implement sufficient security measures for its PCRM software. Nexpublica specialises in software and computer design. The PCRM software is a tool for social workers to manage client relationships, and is used, for example, by departmental houses serving disabled people. The decision followed data breach notifications in late November 2022, where users gained access to third-pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into Nexpublica over alleged failure to provide sufficient security measures for PCRM software", "description_zh": "On 22 December 2025, the French 数据保护 authority (法国国家信息与自由委员会) 罚款d Nexpublica France EUR 1'700'000 for failing to implement sufficient security measures for its PCRM software. Nexpublica specialises in software and computer design. The PCRM software is a tool for social workers to manage client relationships, and is used, for example, by departmental houses serving disabled people. The decision followed data breach notifications in late November 2022, where users gained access to third-pa..." }, { "date": "1 February 2026", "title": "Government investigation into X over the generation of sexist and sexual content by Grok", "url": "https://presse.economie.gouv.fr/reaction-du-gouvernement-concernant-la-generation-par-grok-lia-generative-de-x-de-contenus-a-caractere-sexiste-et-sexuel/", "description": "On 2 January 2026, the French Government announced an investigation concerning content generated by the generative artificial intelligence service Grok and disseminated on the platform X. The Government reported manifestly unlawful content to the public prosecutor and to the Pharos platform pursuant to Article 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in order to obtain immediate removal. The press release states that, in recent days, Grok enabled the generation and dissemination of sexist and sex...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Government 调查 into X over the generation of sexist and sexual content by Grok", "description_zh": "On 2 January 2026, the French Government announced an 调查 concerning content generated by the generative 人工智能 service Grok and disseminated on the 平台 X. The Government reported manifestly un法律ful content to the public prosecutor and to the Pharos 平台 pursuant to Article 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in order to obtain immediate removal. The press release states that, in recent days, Grok enabled the generation and dissemination of sexist and sex..." }, { "title": "National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties investigation into FREE MOBILE and FREE over violations of cybersecurity obligations", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/sanction-free-2026", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the National Commission for Information Technology and Civil Liberties (CNIL) imposed fines of EUR 27'000'000 on FREE MOBILE and EUR 15'000'000 on FREE following an investigation into data security breaches. The sanctions resulted from an October 2024 cyberattack that exposed the personal data of 24'000'000 subscriber contracts, including International Bank Account Numbers (IBAN). The CNIL identified failures to implement basic security measures, such as robust authenticati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 调查 into FREE MOBILE and FREE over violations of 网络安全 obligations", "description_zh": "On 8 January 2026, the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) imposed 罚款s of EUR 27'000'000 on FREE MOBILE and EUR 15'000'000 on FREE following an 调查 into data security breaches. The sanctions resulted from an October 2024 cyberattack that exposed the 个人数据 of 24'000'000 subscriber contracts, including International Bank Account Numbers (IBAN). The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 identified failures to implement basic security measures, such as robust authenticati..." }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "National Commission for Information Technology and Freedoms investigation into unnamed company over unlawful transmission of loyalty programme member data to social network for targeted advertising", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/transmission-de-donnees-un-reseau-social-des-fins-publicitaires-sanction", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the National Commission for Information Technology and Freedoms (CNIL), acting through its restricted panel, issued Ruling SAN-2025-017 in relation to its investigation into an unnamed company, referred to as company X, which transmitted data of loyalty programme members to a social network for the purpose of targeted advertising. The CNIL imposed an administrative fine of EUR 3’500’000, identifying infringements of Articles 6, 12, 13, 32 and 35 of Regulation (EU) 2016/67...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Commission for Information Technology and Freedoms 调查 into unnamed company over un法律ful transmission of loyalty programme member data to social network for targeted advertising", "description_zh": "On 30 December 2025, the National Commission for Information Technology and Freedoms (法国国家信息与自由委员会), acting through its restricted panel, issued Ruling SAN-2025-017 in relation to its 调查 into an unnamed company, referred to as company X, which transmitted data of loyalty programme members to a social network for the purpose of targeted advertising. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 imposed an administrative 罚款 of EUR 3’500’000, identifying infringements of Articles 6, 12, 13, 32 and 35 of 欧盟条例 2016/67..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill on protecting minors from the risks arising from the use of social networks", "url": "https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/dossiers/proteger_mineurs_reseaux_sociaux_17e#AN1", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the National Assembly passed at first reading, under the accelerated procedure, the Bill aimed at protecting minors from the risks associated with the use of social networks. The adopted text provides that, where information is suggested or ranked for accounts identified as belonging to minors through profiling-based recommendation systems, the service provider is deemed to exercise editorial activity. It also specifies the presentation formats concerned, including persona...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in 关于的法案protecting 未成年人 from the risks arising from the use of social networks", "description_zh": "On 26 January 2026, the National Assembly passed at first reading, under the accelerated procedure, the 法案 aimed at protecting 未成年人 from the risks associated with the use of social networks. The adopted text provides that, where information is suggested or ranked for accounts identified as belonging to 未成年人 through profiling-based recommendation systems, the service provider is deemed to exercise editorial activity. It also specifies the presentation formats concerned, including persona..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "National Commission on Informatics and Liberty lawsuit into GERS, Santestat, and Cegedim Sante over allegations of unlawful health data processing", "url": "https://www.conseil-etat.fr/fr/arianeweb/CE/decision/2026-02-13/498628", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Council of State rejected three appeals brought by GERS, including as successor to Santestat, and by Cegedim Santé against administrative fines imposed by the National Commission on Informatics and Liberties (CNIL) for unlawful processing of health data. The Court held that pseudonymised data contained in the two health databases, “Thin” and “Gers Études clients”, remained personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) because reidentification was p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 法律suit into GERS, Santestat, and Cegedim Sante over allegations of un法律ful health data processing", "description_zh": "On 13 February 2026, the 最高行政法院 rejected three appeals brought by GERS, including as successor to Santestat, and by Cegedim Santé against administrative 罚款s imposed by the National Commission on Informatics and Liberties (法国国家信息与自由委员会) for un法律ful processing of health data. The Court held that pseudonymised data contained in the two health databases, “Thin” and “Gers Études clients”, remained 个人数据 under the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) because reidentification was p..." }, { "date": "21 March 2026", "title": "Decree No. 2026-196 on the rental of furnished tourist accommodation", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000053703509", "description": "On 21 March 2026, Decree No. 2026-196 entered into force, regulating the transmission of activity data from rental intermediaries to government agencies. The decree designates the Directorate-General for Enterprises as the single public body responsible for collecting and making this data available. Rental intermediaries, including digital rental platforms, must electronically transmit specific data, including the registration number of the accommodation, the URL of the listing, the precise a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第号法令 2026-196 on the rental of furnished tourist accommodation", "description_zh": "On 21 March 2026, 第号法令 2026-196 entered into force, regulating the transmission of activity data from rental intermediaries to government agencies. The 法令 designates the Directorate-General for Enterprises as the single public body responsible for collecting and making this data available. Rental intermediaries, including digital rental 平台s, must electronically transmit specific data, including the registration number of the accommodation, the URL of the listing, the precise a..." }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Decree No. 2026-209 amending provisions of the public health code relating to the hosting of personal health data", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000053717250", "description": "On 27 March 2026, Decree No. 2026-209 amending provisions of the public health code relating to the hosting of personal health data partially enters into force. Points 2° and 3° of Article 1 are subject to a deferred application period and will apply within six months of the decree’s publication, that is by 26 September 2026. The decree implements Article 32 of Law No. 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space. It applies to patients, controllers processing personal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法令 2026-209 amending provisions of the public health code relating to the hosting of personal health data", "description_zh": "On 27 March 2026, 第号法令 2026-209 amending provisions of the public health code relating to the hosting of personal health data partially enters into force. Points 2° and 3° of Article 1 are subject to a deferred application period and will apply within six months of the 法令’s publication, that is by 26 September 2026. The 法令 implements Article 32 of 第号法律 2024-449 of 21 May 2024 on securing and regulating the digital space. It applies to patients, controllers processing personal..." }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "French Courts Confront AI Hallucination Issues", "url": "https://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2026/03/the-risks-of-hallucinations-and-misuse", "description": "French courts in 2026 are confronting AI-induced issues including hallucinations (false or non-existent case law references) and misuse of generative AI in legal filings, signaling emerging judicial responses to AI reliability in legal practice.", "categories": [ "Court Case", "AI Hallucination", "Legal Practice" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "French Courts Confront 人工智能 Hallucination Issues", "description_zh": "French courts in 2026 are confronting 人工智能-induced issues including hallucinations (false or non-existent case 法律 references) and misuse of generative 人工智能 in legal filings, signaling emerging judicial responses to 人工智能 reliability in legal practice." }, { "title": "Law No. 2018-493 of 20 June 2018 - Law on the Protection of Personal Data (adaptation of the French Data Protection Act to the GDPR)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj", "description": "AI law in France: Law No. 2018-493 (20 June 2018) adapts France’s 1978 Data Protection Act to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and transposes Directive 2016/680 for criminal justice processing. It restructures and updates the national legal framework, clarifies rights and obligations, strengthens the role of the CNIL, and sets national rules for certain sensitive processing (health, criminal data, public security)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第号法律 2018-493 of 20 June 2018 - Law on the Protection of Personal Data (adaptation of the French Data Protection Act to the 通用数据保护条例)", "description_zh": "人工智能 法律 in France: 第号法律 2018-493 (20 June 2018) adapts France’s 1978 Data Protection Act to the EU 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) and transposes Directive 2016/680 for criminal justice processing. It restructures and updates the national legal framework, clarifies rights and obligations, strengthens the role of the 法国国家信息与自由委员会, and sets national rules for certain sensitive processing (health, criminal data, public security)...." }, { "title": "France 2030 investment plan (includes dedicated AI funding and programmes) - national industrial and innovation strategy (announced 12 October 2021)", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/front/pdf/elysee-module-18543-fr.pdf", "description": "AI law in France: France 2030 is a national investment strategy announced by President Emmanuel Macron on 12 October 2021 to mobilize major public funding and partner organisations to accelerate industrial, research and innovation priorities through to 2030. The plan channels multi-billion-euro funding to ten strategic objectives (energy, transport, health, digital including AI, space, culture, marine, agriculture and components), emphasises sovereignty and ecological transition, and is implemented by a set of public agencies and financing bodies under competitive selection and monitoring....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "France 2030 investment plan (includes dedicated 人工智能 funding and programmes) - national industrial and innovation strategy (announced 12 October 2021)", "description_zh": "人工智能 法律 in France: France 2030 is a national investment strategy announced by President Emmanuel Macron on 12 October 2021 to mobilize major public funding and partner organisations to accelerate industrial, research and innovation priorities through to 2030. The plan channels multi-billion-euro funding to ten strategic objectives (energy, transport, health, digital including 人工智能, space, culture, marine, agriculture and components), emphasises sovereignty and ecological transition, and is implemented by a set of public agencies and financing bodies under competitive selection and monitoring...." }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "France CNIL issues guidance on AI system compliance with GDPR and EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr", "description": "The French data protection authority CNIL published comprehensive guidance on the intersection of GDPR requirements and EU AI Act obligations for AI systems processing personal data, addressing data protection impact assessments, lawful bases for AI training data, and data subject rights in the context of AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Standards" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "France 法国国家信息与自由委员会 issues 指南 on 人工智能 system compliance with 通用数据保护条例 and EU 人工智能 Act", "description_zh": "The French 数据保护 authority 法国国家信息与自由委员会 published comprehensive 指南 on the intersection of 通用数据保护条例 requirements and EU 人工智能 Act obligations for 人工智能 systems processing 个人数据, addressing 数据保护 impact assessments, 法律ful bases for 人工智能 training data, and data subject rights in the context of 人工智能." }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)", "url": "/documents/1628/CAA_Bordeaux_juge_des_ref._26_fevr._2026_n_25BX02906.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302 », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302 », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence.", "court": "CAA Bordeaux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "No. 25BX02906", "url": "/documents/1577/1772365389985.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302'; the court states this decision does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "No. 25BX02906", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the CAA Bordeaux. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302'; the court states this decision does not exist.", "court": "CAA Bordeaux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "India and France sign joint statement, covering AI", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2026/02/17/india-france-joint-statement-1", "description": "1. At the invitation of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, President of the French Republic H.E. Mr. Emmanuel Macron paid an official visit to India from 17 to 19 February 2026 and participated in the Artificial Intelligence Impact Summit 2026. During the visit, the two leaders held bilateral talks and jointly inaugurated the 2026 India-France Year of Innovation in Mumbai on 17 February. This is President Macron’s 4th visit to India and it follows Prime Minister Modi’s visit to France in February 2025. 2. On this occasion, both leaders agreed to elevate relations to a “Specia", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India and France sign joint statement, covering 人工智能", "description_zh": "India and France issued a joint statement announcing the elevation of bilateral relations to a \"Special Global Strategic Partnership,\" reflecting shared ambitions to address global challenges and promote a stable international order. The statement highlights deepened collaboration in defense and security, emphasizing co-design, co-development, and co-production of defense 平台s, with France emerging as one of India's foremost defense partners. They reiterated their commitment to fully mobilizing untapped economic potential, particularly through micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, start-ups, digitalization, 人工智能, and innovative businesses The leaders also inaugurated the 2026 India-France Year of Innovation in Mumbai, aiming to foster innovation and technological advancement between the two nations.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "French Data Protection Authority publishes guidance on deepfakes including protection and reports of illegal content", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/hypertrucage-deepfake", "description": "De plus en plus réalistes, les vidéos, images et sons truqués peuvent porter atteinte à la vie privée et à la réputation. Les créer ou les partager n’est pas sans risques et peut engager la responsabilité de leurs auteurs. Quels enjeux, quels risques et quels bons réflexes à adopter ?", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国数据保护局 publishes 指南 on deepfakes including protection and reports of illegal content", "description_zh": "The 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has published 指南 on deepfakes explaining the associated 隐私 and security risks and setting out steps for individuals to protect themselves and report illicit content. The 指南 highlights that creating or sharing certain deepfakes can lead to criminal liability under French 法律, including that creating an image montage of a person without consent may be punishable by one year of imprisonment and a EUR 15,000 罚款, and that fraud involving deception to obtain money, property or a service may be punishable by 5 years of imprisonment and a EUR 375,000 罚款. The 指南 also describes the 法国国家信息与自由委员会’s role in informing the public, supervising compliance with 数据保护 rules, supporting research and detection work, including through the GenFakes project, and contributing to European initiatives, including work on codes of practice for 人工智能-generated content.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Mme Y", "url": "/documents/1457/2600610.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Rennes.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mme Y", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Rennes.", "court": "TA Rennes", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Competition Authority inquires into competitive state of the conversational agent sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/autorite-launches-public-consultation-conversational-agents", "description": "Following the decision to start inquiries ex officio into the competitive functioning of the conversational agents sector, as announced on 9 January 2026 , the Autorité de la concurrence is launching a public consultation, as part of the preparation of its opinion.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Competition Authority inquires into competitive state of the conversational agent sector", "description_zh": "France's Competition Authority has initiated a public consultation regarding an ex officio 调查 into the competitive functioning of the chatbot sector in France. The 调查 aims to map the current competitive landscape, excluding search engine integrations, to identify major market participants and evaluate significant barriers to entry such as access to massive datasets, high-performance computing power, and substantial capital requirements. Key areas of focus include the risks of vertical integration by tech giants—specifically how embedding chatbots into office suites or messaging 平台s might impact interoperability under the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the 人工智能 Act—alongside an exploration of monetization models like token billing and advertising. The Authority is also investigating the emergence of \"agentic trade,\" where 人工智能 assistants act as autonomous intermediaries for commercial transactions, raising concerns regarding algorithmic collusion, brand visibility, and the necessity of universal interoperability standards. The collected data and stakeholder 建议 will ultimately inform a formal opinion on the adequacy of the existing legislative framework to govern the rapidly evolving generative 人工智能 sector. The consultation closes on 6 March 2026", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "SAS La Volumerie", "url": "/documents/1448/1770054188254.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TA Rennes. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SAS La Volumerie", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the TA Rennes. Fabricated: Case Law", "court": "TA Rennes", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "AI chatbots to be scrutinized by French antitrust sector inquiry", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/conversational-agents-autorite-starts-inquiries-ex-officio-view-issuing-opinion", "description": "Following on from Opinion 24-A-05 of 28 June 2024, which analysed the competitive functioning of the generative artificial intelligence (AI) sector, in particular the upstream segment of the value chain where generative AI models are designed and trained, and its study on the competition issues surrounding the energy and environmental impact of AI, the Autorité de la concurrence is now starting inquiries ex officio into the competitive functioning of the conversational agent sector, located downstream in the value chain. While the downstream segment of the value chain currently appears dynamic", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能 chatbots to be scrutinized by French antitrust sector 调查", "description_zh": "France's competition authority (the Autorité de la concurrence) has initiated an ex officio 调查 into the competitive dynamics of the conversational agent sector, focusing on 人工智能-driven tools like ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Mistral 人工智能's Le Chat, Perplexity, and Microsoft's Copilot. This move follows their previous analysis of the generative 人工智能 sector and aims to assess the impact of conversational agents on various economic sectors, particularly in the rapidly growing \"agentic commerce\" within e-commerce. The 调查 will explore issues such as advertising integration, service partnerships, and the evolution of these agents into 平台s offering direct access to third-party services. A public consultation will be launched soon, with the final opinion expected in 2026.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "N° 2506461", "url": "/documents/1280/TA_Orleans_n_2506461_France_29_dec._2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TA Orléans. Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Lyon decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "N° 2506461", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the TA Orléans. Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Lyon decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. Outcome: Admonishment.", "court": "TA Orléans", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]", "url": "/documents/1185/Anonym_France_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TJ Périgueux. Fabricated: Case Law | The claimant cited jurisprudence references that did not correspond to published decisions; the court flagged the references as likely AI-generated 'hallucinations' and gave pourvoi n°16-26694 as an example of a misreferenced decision. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the TJ Périgueux. Fabricated: Case Law | The claimant cited jurisprudence references that did not correspond to published decisions; the court flagged the references as likely 人工智能-generated 'hallucinations' and gave pourvoi n°16-26694 as an example of a misreferenced decision. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "TJ Périgueux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Competition Authority publishes a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of AI", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/Etude_IA_Energie_ADLC_0.pdf", "description": "Primary source (autoritedelaconcurrence.fr) dated 17 December 2025 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Competition Authority publishes a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of 人工智能", "description_zh": "The Competition Authority has published a report on competition-related issues concerning the energy and environmental impact of 人工智能. In its report, the Authority examined the electricity consumption of data centres and the environmental impact of 人工智能 in relation to resources such as water, rare metals, and land. The report points out three competition-related issues, namely access to energy and its cost control, the emergence of 人工智能 frugality as a competitive factor, and the ongoing standardisation of the environmental footprint in relation to 人工智能. The Authority noted the importance of reliable environmental data and the role of standards in enabling such data. The report is a continuation of the Authority's market 调查 into the generative 人工智能 sector.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Case n° 2512468", "url": "/documents/1451/TA_Grenoble_9_dec._2025_n_2512468.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the TA Grenoble.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Case n° 2512468", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the TA Grenoble.", "court": "TA Grenoble", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "N° 2509827", "url": "https://justice.pappers.fr/decision/42507c1f3484acda08f887bd62055b4942a38f3b", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Grenoble. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "N° 2509827", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the TA Grenoble. Fabricated: Case Law", "court": "TA Grenoble", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and 隐私-protecting 人工智能", "description_zh": "Twenty (20) 数据保护 authorities, including from Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Luxembourg, Spain, and UK adopted the joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and 隐私-protecting 人工智能. The statement recognises the opportunities and risks of 人工智能, including discrimination, misinformation, and hallucination from inappropriate data use, and stresses embedding 隐私 by design, strong governance, and transparency. The statement commits to clarifying 法律ful grounds for 人工智能 training data and exchanging information on proportionate safety measures. It also focuses on monitoring technical and societal impacts with contributions from non-governmental organisations, public authorities, academia, and businesses, and reducing legal uncertainties through regulatory sandboxes and best practice sharing.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Directorate-General for Enterprise announced draft law establishing scheme for designation of national authorities to implement EU AI Act", "url": "https://presse.economie.gouv.fr/la-dge-et-la-dgccrf-publient-le-projet-de-designation-des-autorites-nationales-en-charge-de-la-mise-en-oeuvre-du-reglement-europeen-sur-lia/", "description": "COMMUNIQUÉ DE PRESSE Paris, 9 septembre 2025 N°881 La DGE et la DGCCRF publient le projet de désignation des autorités nationales en charge de la mise en œuvre du règlement européen sur l’IA Afin de mettre en œuvre le règlement européen sur l’intelligence artificielle, la direction générale de la Concurrence, de la […]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Directorate-General for Enterprise announced draft 法律 establishing scheme for designation of national authorities to implement EU 人工智能 Act", "description_zh": "The Directorate-General for Enterprise (DGE) and the Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) has published the draft 法律 establishing the scheme for designation of national authorities responsible for implementing the EU 人工智能 Act. The framework designates the Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) as coordinator and single point of contact, while the Directorate-General for Enterprise (DGE) represents France in the European 人工智能 Committee. Prohibited practices under Article 5 are monitored by the 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局) and Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) for manipulative techniques and exploitation of vulnerabilities, by the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) and Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) for social scoring, and solely by the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) for predictive policing, biometric categorisation, and untargeted facial recognition databases. Oversight of high-risk 人工智能 under Annex I is assigned to existing market surveillance and notifying authorities, while Annex III extends responsibilities to the Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority (ACPR) for credit and insurance, to the 最高行政法院, Court of Cassation and Court of Auditors for judicial 人工智能, and to the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会), Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) and 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局) for areas including education, biometrics, democratic processes, employment, migration and border control. Transparency duties under Article 50 are divided between the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会), Directorate-General for Competition, Consumer Affairs and Fraud Control (DGCCRF) and 法国视听与数字通信监管局 (法国视听与数字通信监管局), with technical support from the National Cybersecurity Agency of France (ANSSI) and the Digital Regulation Expertise Centre (PEReN).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "CNIL adopts recommendations on GDPR and AI development", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-cnil-finalises-its-recommendations-development-artificial-intelligence-systems", "description": "The CNIL’s new AI recommendations AI models trained on personal data may fall under the GDPR The opinion adopted by the European data protection board (EDPB) in December 2024 reminds that the GDPR often applies to AI models trained on personal data due to their memorisation capabilities.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 adopts 建议 on 通用数据保护条例 and 人工智能 development", "description_zh": "The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has adopted the 建议 on the application of the 通用数据保护条例 (通用数据保护条例) to the development of 人工智能 systems. The 建议 clarify that 人工智能 models trained on 个人数据 are often subject to 数据保护 rules due to their memorisation risks. The 指南 applies to 人工智能 developers, providers, and deployers across sectors, including health, education, and workplaces, requiring clear purpose definition, assignment of responsibilities as controller or processor. It also focuses on 法律ful basis for data processing, including consent, contract, or legitimate interest. It emphasises data minimisation, retention limits, 隐私-by-design approaches including federated learning, homomorphic 加密 and robust re-identification risk testing, especially for web-scraped or sensitive data. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 urges transparent communication and mechanisms to enforce rights on access, rectification, erasure, objection, secure data handling, compliant annotation, and retraining or output filtering to mitigate memorisation. Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) must be performed for high-risk processing, addressing 人工智能-specific risks like bias and data leakage.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "International network of AI safety institutes align approaches on agentic AI evaluations", "url": "https://sgaisi.sg/wp-api/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/International-Joint-Testing-Exercise_3JT-Eval-Report-v2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sgaisi.sg) dated 17 July 2025 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "International network of 人工智能 safety institutes align approaches on agentic 人工智能 evaluations", "description_zh": "Participants from across the International Network, including representatives from Singapore, Japan, Australia, Canada, the European Commission, France, Kenya, South Korea and the United Kingdom have come together to align their approaches to agentic evaluations. This is the third exercise, building on insights from two earlier joint testing exercises conducted by the Network in November 2024 and February 2025. The objective of these exercises is to allow the Network to further re罚款 best practices for testing advanced 人工智能 systems. The goal for this third exercise was to advance the science of 人工智能 agent evaluations and work towards building common best practices for testing 人工智能 agents. The exercise was split into two strands —common risks: leakage of sensitive information and fraud (led by Singapore 人工智能SI) and 网络安全 (led by UK 人工智能SI). A mix of open and closed weights models were evaluated against tasks from various public agentic benchmarks.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "CNIL issues clarification on use of augmented cameras for selling products prohibited to minors", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/cameras-augmentees-pour-estimer-lage-dans-les-bureaux-de-tabac-la-cnil-precise-sa-position", "description": "En quoi consistent ces dispositifs ? Certains bureaux de tabac utilisent des dispositifs de caméras « augmentées » pour estimer l’âge de leurs clients avant toute vente de produits interdits aux mineurs (tabac, alcool, jeux d’argent, etc.).", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 issues clarification on use of augmented cameras for selling products prohibited to 未成年人", "description_zh": "The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has issued a clarification on the use of augmented cameras for selling products prohibited to 未成年人. These cameras estimate customers’ age in retail settings selling age-restricted products including tobacco, alcohol, and gambling. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 ruled that these devices, which scan and analyse all faces by default to estimate age, constitute 个人数据 processing that is neither necessary nor proportionate under the 通用数据保护条例. Since the technology only provides an estimate and cannot replace official 年龄验证, businesses remain obliged to check identity documents. Moreover, the continuous and automatic operation of these cameras infringes on individuals’ rights, including the right to object.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "CNIL publishes new recommendations on the use of legitimate interest as a legal basis under GDPR for AI training", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/recommandations-developpement-ia-interet-legitime", "description": "Le RGPD contribue à une IA innovante et respectueuse des données personnelles Consciente des enjeux de clarification du cadre juridique, la CNIL s’emploie, à travers l’ensemble de ses actions, à sécuriser les acteurs afin de favoriser l’innovation en IA tout en assurant le respect des droits fondamentaux des Européens.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 publishes new 建议 on the use of legitimate interest as a legal basis under 通用数据保护条例 for 人工智能 training", "description_zh": "France's Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has published a new set of 建议 on the use of legitimate interest as a legal basis under the 通用数据保护条例 for training 人工智能 technologies with 个人数据, particularly in the context of web scraping. These 建议 follow the opinion issued by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) in December 2024, which acknowledged that legitimate interest may serve as a valid legal basis for this type of processing, provided certain conditions are met. The 法国国家信息与自由委员会's 指南 aims to clarify these conditions further, providing practical examples of appropriate safeguards and highlighting specific circumstances in which legitimate interest may be applicable.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "CNIL publishes recommendations on AI sandbox projects", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/bilan-bac-a-sable-IA-services-publics", "description": "Le « bac à sable » : un accompagnement personnalisé pour des projets innovants Le « bac à sable » de la CNIL est un programme d’accompagnement personnalisé destiné aux acteurs qui souhaitent être conseillés pour déployer un projet innovant. Il permet de bénéficier de l’expertise de la CNIL sur des problématiques émergentes.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 publishes 建议 on 人工智能 sandbox projects", "description_zh": "The National Commission for Informatics and Liberties (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has published its 建议 for projects supported through its sandbox initiative, focusing on 人工智能 projects in the public services space.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at 人工智能 Action Summit in Paris", "description_zh": "60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the 人工智能 Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including \"ensuring 人工智能 is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all\" and \"making 人工智能 sustainable for people and the planet\". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Coalition for Sustainable Artificial Intelligence established", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/new-coalition-aims-to-put-artificial-intelligence-on-a-more-sustainable-path", "description": "Primary source (elysee.fr) dated 11 February 2025 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Coalition for Sustainable Artificial Intelligence established", "description_zh": "France, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have launched the Coalition for Environmentally Sustainable Artificial Intelligence (人工智能), uniting 91 partners, including tech companies, countries, and international organizations, to promote the environmentally sustainable development of 人工智能. The coalition, announced at the 人工智能 Action Summit in Paris, aims to address the growing concerns about the negative environmental impact of 人工智能, such as electronic waste and high energy consumption, while harnessing 人工智能's potential to tackle environmental emergencies. The initiative involves various projects, including developing a best practice guide for using generative 人工智能 for environmental knowledge, launching a global observatory dedicated to energy and 人工智能 by the IEA, and establishing a roadmap for standardizing the environmental impact assessment of 人工智能, with the goal of integrating sustainability into the global discussion around 人工智能.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "CNIL source on AI and data protection", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/gouvernance-des-donnees-et-ia-cinq-autorites-de-protection-des-donnees-sengagent", "description": "Official source record dated 11 February 2025 for France concerning Global data protection authorities sign joint declaration on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protective AI. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Global 数据保护 authorities sign joint declaration on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and 隐私-protective 人工智能", "description_zh": "The 数据保护 authorities from Australia (O人工智能C), France (法国国家信息与自由委员会), Ireland (DPC), the Republic of Korea (PIPC), and the United Kingdom (ICO) have signed a joint declaration during the 人工智能 Action Summit in Paris. This declaration aims to establish a governance framework that promotes innovative 人工智能 systems while ensuring robust 数据保护 and compliance with existing regulations. The principles outlined in the declaration include clarifying legal bases for 人工智能 data processing, implementing security measures, and fostering cooperation with other authorities. The statement also underscores the need to balance innovation with reducing legal uncertainties, particularly in sectors such as health, education, and public safety.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Paris Charter on 人工智能 signed", "description_zh": "Chile, Finland, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Switzerland have adopted the \"Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) in the Public Interest\". The charter (1) aims to ensure 人工智能 development serves the public interest, focusing on equity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability; (2) encourages openness in 人工智能 and accountability through existing frameworks; (3) calls for safeguards against 人工智能’s potential harms, alongside an affirmative vision to maximise its public benefits, including through open public goods, democratic participation, and sustainable solutions; and (4) stresses the importance of accessible high-quality data, 隐私 protection, and smaller, more localised 人工智能 models that have a reduced environmental impact.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Brazilian government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/anpd/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/anpd-e-cnil-reforcam-cooperacao-internacional-em-materia-de-protecao-de-dados-e-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "Official source record dated 10 February 2025 for France concerning ANPD and CNIL strengthen bilateral cooperation on AI and data protection. See the linked gov.br source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD and 法国国家信息与自由委员会 strengthen bilateral cooperation on 人工智能 and 数据保护", "description_zh": "The Brazilian National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) and France’s 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) have declared a strengthened bilateral cooperation to enhance regulatory practices in 数据保护 and 人工智能 during the 人工智能 Action Summit in Paris. Topics discussed include regulatory sandboxes, 人工智能 governance, and cross-border data flow negotiations between Brazil, the EU, and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "CNIL publishes new recommendations to support responsible innovation in AI", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-and-gdpr-cnil-publishes-new-recommendations-support-responsible-innovation?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGYgI46i9PwLRMefj2k96q_UhB_YGGa8EJH64s3yzOvfj2h46N3jcDpjdQiW_-_BS9xO7uzj9sK0j1uzSzzWH6ivJQGWjk_RQT7Yzm62j52an1b", "description": "The GDPR enables the development of innovative and responsible AI in Europe. The CNIL’s new recommendations illustrate this by providing concrete solutions to inform individuals whose data is used and to facilitate the exercise of their rights.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 publishes new 建议 to support responsible innovation in 人工智能", "description_zh": "France's 数据保护 authority (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has published new 建议 to support responsible 人工智能 innovation while ensuring 通用数据保护条例 compliance. These 建议 include: (1) informing individuals when their 个人数据 is used to train 人工智能 models and may be memorized by them, with flexibility in how this information is provided based on risks and operational constraints; (2) granting individuals the right to access, rectify, object to, and delete their 个人数据, while acknowledging the challenges in exercising these rights in 人工智能 contexts; (3) encouraging 人工智能 developers to incorporate 隐私 protection from the design stage and focus on 个人数据 within training datasets; (4) striving to anonymize models when possible without compromising their intended purpose; (5) developing innovative solutions to prevent the disclosure of confidential 个人数据 by 人工智能 models; (6) allowing for reasonable solutions and flexible timelines when complying with requests to exercise individual rights is challenging; and (7) urging 人工智能 stakeholders to stay informed about the latest advancements in scientific research to ensure the best possible protection of individuals' rights", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "CNIL unveils 2025-2028 Strategic Plan, covering AI", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ia-mineurs-cybersecurite-quotidien-numerique-la-cnil-publie-son-plan-strategique-2025-2028", "description": "Protéger les données de chacun pour sécuriser l’avenir numérique de tous Dans un contexte marqué par l’essor fulgurant des nouvelles technologies et par l’omniprésence de services numériques (intelligence artificielle, Internet des objets, identité numérique, cloud et réseaux sociaux…), la question de l’utilisation des données personnelles est, plus que jamais, au cœur de notre quotidien.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 unveils 2025-2028 Strategic Plan, covering 人工智能", "description_zh": "The 法国数据保护局 (\"法国国家信息与自由委员会\") has unveiled its strategic plan for 2025-2028, highlighting its priorities for the coming years. The plan identifies 人工智能 as one of its key focus areas, in which the 法国国家信息与自由委员会 commits to: (1) collaborating with European and international partners to promote harmonized 人工智能 governance; (2) providing 指南 to stakeholders, clarifying applicable rules and implementing effective and balanced regulation of 人工智能; (3) raising public awareness of the challenges raised by 人工智能 and the importance of exercising individuals’ rights; and (4) ensuring 人工智能 systems comply with applicable rules, including by creating a methodology and tools allowing such monitoring throughout the lifecycle of an 人工智能 system, and collaborating with other 数据保护 authorities on EU-wide monitoring actions.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2024", "title": "OPECST report highlights Europe’s AI progress is ‘insufficient’ to compete with US and China", "url": "https://videos.senat.fr/video.4893460_67501cc7c4a7f.chatgpt-et-apres--le-futur-de-l-ia?timecode=2735000", "description": "L'hémicycle est le lieu de la décision où le Sénat examine les textes soumis à son examen et contrôle le Gouvernement.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OPECST report highlights Europe’s 人工智能 progress is ‘insufficient’ to compete with US and China", "description_zh": "France's Parliamentary Office for Scientific and Technological Assessment (OPECST), an independent body within parliament, has released a report highlighting Europe's 人工智能 challenges, emphasizing the need for digital sovereignty. Speakng at a press conference, Senator Corinne Narassiguin (one of three rapporteurs of the report) warned that (1) the EU is \"currently focusing on regulating 人工智能, but this is still insufficient in the face of the size and progress of the American and Chinese powers\", and (2) the 'brain drain' of talent from Europe to US companies. The report, which precedes an 人工智能 action summit in February 2025, recommends (1) creating a specialized UN institution to coordinate global 人工智能 regulation and combat the digital divide; and (2) launching a European 人工智能 project involving France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, and Spain to strengthen the continent's technological capabilities.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "CNIL issues privacy guidance on AI-powered cameras in passenger compartments of freight vehicles", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/les-cameras-augmentees-dans-les-habitacles-des-vehicules-de-transport-de-marchandises", "description": "Certains employeurs des sociétés de transport souhaitent installer des caméras augmentées embarquées dans les véhicules professionnels utilisés par leurs salariés/agents. Ces caméras servent, par exemple, à détecter en temps réel la fatigue (signes précurseurs de fatigue du conducteur, ainsi que son endormissement pendant la conduite) ou une distraction (détection du regard du conducteur en dehors de l’axe de la route ou d’une action pouvant altérer la conduite telle que l’utilisation du téléphone portable, l’action de fumer, etc.).", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 issues 隐私 指南 on 人工智能-powered cameras in passenger compartments of freight vehicles", "description_zh": "The 法国国家信息与自由委员会 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has issued a guide addressing the deployment of 人工智能-powered cameras in freight vehicle passenger compartments. The guide specifies that (1) employers implementing such systems must ensure measures are proportionate, justified, and compliant with 数据保护 法律s; (2) only data necessary for generating alerts may be processed, and any images or technical data, such as timestamps or geolocation, should not be retained after the alert; (3) employers must base data processing on their legitimate interest in ensuring safety, as consent or contractual necessity are not appropriate legal bases in this context; and (4) employers are also required to conduct 数据保护 impact assessments, inform employees about the system’s purpose and operation, and consult employee representatives when applicable.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "India PM Modi and France President Macron discuss AI at G20 summit", "url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-french-president-macron-discuss-working-closely-in-space-energy-sectors/articleshow/115434334.cms?from=mdr", "description": "News report (economictimes.indiatimes.com, 19 November 2024) regarding AI policy activity in FR. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India PM Modi and France President Macron discuss 人工智能 at G20 summit", "description_zh": "It has been reported that, on the sidelines of the 19th G20 Summit (in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron met to discuss ways to keep working closely in sectors such as space, energy and 人工智能. The two leaders reaffirmed commitment to their shared vision for bilateral cooperation. 人工智能-related regulatory outcomes arising from this meeting have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 October 2024", "title": "France and Germany publish recommendations for secure use of AI coding assistants", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/KI/ANSSI_BSI_AI_Coding_Assistants.pdf", "description": "This report provides recommendations for a secure use of AI coding assistants compiled by the French Cybersecurity Agency (Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d‘information, ANSSI) and the German Federal Office for Information Security (Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik, BSI). Within the document, perspectives are given on the opportunities that arise through the use of AI coding assistants as well as risks associated with the technology. Concrete mitigation measures are outlined. (Hinweis: Da es sich bei dem Bericht um eine internationale Zusammenarbeit handelt, wir", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "France and Germany publish 建议 for secure use of 人工智能 coding assistants", "description_zh": "The French Cybersecurity Agency and the German Federal Office for Information Security have published 建议 for the secure use of 人工智能 coding assistants. These 建议 are: (1) 人工智能 coding assistants are no substitute for experienced developers. An unrestrained use of the tools can have severe security implications; (2) a systematic risk analysis should be performed before introducing 人工智能 tools (including an assessment of the trustworthiness of providers and involved third-parties); (3) gain in productivity of development teams must be compensated by appropriate scaling measures in quality assurance teams (AppSec, DevSecOps); and (4) generated source code should generally be checked and reproduced by the developers.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "South Korea and France enhance bilateral cooperation on data protection regulation in AI", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10625", "description": "Primary source (pipc.go.kr) dated 27 September 2024 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "South Korea and France enhance bilateral cooperation on 数据保护 regulation in 人工智能", "description_zh": "At the 3rd Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) Policy Council meeting in Paris, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) and France’s National Information and Freedom Commission (法国国家信息与自由委员会) issued a statement to enhance bilateral cooperation in 数据保护 regulation within machine learning and 人工智能 development. The discussions included exchanging information on the PIPC's 人工智能 risk assessment model and 法国国家信息与自由委员会's deployment considerations for generative 人工智能. The ongoing collaboration encompasses various projects, such as awareness campaigns for 未成年人 and adolescents, and sharing best practices and 指南 for personal information protection in 人工智能.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 June 2024", "title": "French Competition Authority releases report on competition in the generative AI sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/generative-artificial-intelligence-autorite-issues-its-opinion-competitive", "description": "Since the public release of the ChatGPT chatbot (created by OpenAI) in November 2022, generative artificial intelligence (hereafter “AI”) has taken centre stage in public and economic debate. The questions raised by generative AI range from ethics and respect for intellectual property to the impact on the labour market and productivity. The technology offers numerous possibilities to companies in terms, for example, of content creation, graphic design, employee collaboration and customer service.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "French Competition Authority releases report on competition in the generative 人工智能 sector", "description_zh": "Following its consultation, the French Competition Authority has released a report on Generative 人工智能 which highlights the strategies of major digital companies to consolidate power in the early stages of the 人工智能 value chain. The report examines their role in cloud infrastructure, investments, and partnerships. It also identifies high barriers to entry in the sector, such as the need for specialized chips, cloud services, data, skilled professionals, and substantial financial resources. The Authority recommends enhancing competition through regulatory improvements, competition 法律 tools, and increased transparency, without new legislation.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 June 2024", "title": "France data protection authority publishes recommendations on how to comply with the GDPR in relation to AI system development", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/en/ai-system-development-cnils-recommendations-comply-gdpr", "description": "Designers and developers of AI systems often report to the CNIL that the application of the GDPR is challenging for them, in particular for the training of models. The misconception that the GDPR would prevent AI innovation in Europe is false. However, we must be aware that training datasets sometimes include “personal data”, i.e. data on real people. The use of such data poses risks to individuals, which must be taken into account, in order to develop AI systems under conditions that respect individuals’ rights and freedoms, including their right to privacy.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "France 数据保护 authority publishes 建议 on how to comply with the 通用数据保护条例 in relation to 人工智能 system development", "description_zh": "The 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has published its 建议 on 通用数据保护条例 compliance in the context of 人工智能 system development. It recommends 7 steps including: (1) de罚款 an objective (purpose) for the 人工智能 system; (2) determine your responsibilities; (3) de罚款 the \"legal basis\" that allows you to process 个人数据; (4) check if you can re-use certain 个人数据; (5) minimize the 个人数据 you use; (6) set a retention period; and (7) carry out a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Internet regulators release joint statement to sync content bans and oversight schemes", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-05/GOSRN-Position-Statement-on-Regulatory-Coherence.pdf?v=1716566337715", "description": "Primary source (esafety.gov.au) dated 27 May 2024 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Internet regulators release joint statement to sync content bans and oversight schemes", "description_zh": "Australian, UK, French, Korean, South African, Fijian, Irish and Slovakian internet regulators have released a joint statement to sync their content restriction, user surveillance, corporate disclosure and other oversight powers aimed at mitigating 在线 harms. While the joint statement is not specific to 人工智能, it addresses user-generated content which would broadly cover deepfakes and other 人工智能-generated content.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.esafety.gov.au', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "UAE and France sign MoU on artificial intelligence", "url": "https://wam.ae/en/article/b3a4qjy-uae-france-sign-mou-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Primary source (am.ae): وكالة أنباء الإمارات.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "UAE and France sign MoU on 人工智能", "description_zh": "The Abu Dhabi Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology Council (人工智能ATC) and the French Ministry of Economy, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty jointly signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 人工智能. This agreement builds on the strengths of the strategic partnership between the UAE and France and aims to develop the 人工智能 ecosystems of both countries through a combination of investment programmes and collaborations that foster the responsible development and deployment of 人工智能.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on 人工智能 Safety Science", "description_zh": "Australia, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Singapore, the United States of America and the United Kingdom signed the (1) Seoul Declaration for safe, innovative and inclusive 人工智能; and (2) Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on 人工智能 Safety Science. Together, these documents build upon the Bletchley Declaration, and aim to (a) promote safe, secure, and trustworthy 人工智能 development, (b) address global challenges and the protection of human rights, and (c) commit nations to create 人工智能 safety institutes and work together on 人工智能 safety science, sharing information about 人工智能 models, risks, and safety incidents.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "China and France release joint declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2024/05/06/declaration-conjointe-entre-la-republique-francaise-et-la-republique-populaire-de-chine-sur-lintelligence-artificielle-et-la-gouvernance-des-enjeux-globaux", "description": "A l’invitation de M. Emmanuel Macron, Président de la République française, M. Xi Jinping, Président de la République populaire de Chine, a effectué du 6 au 7 mai 2024 une visite d’Etat en France. En cette année du 60ème anniversaire de l’établissement des relations bilatérales, les deux Chefs d’Etat ont réitéré leur engagement commun à approfondir les consensus dégagés lors de la visite d’Etat du Président de la République française en Chine du 5 au 7 avril 2023, et à ouvrir de nouvelles pistes de coopération. Convaincus de l’importance d’un dialogue soutenu entre les deux pays en vue d’appor", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "China and France release joint declaration on 人工智能 governance", "description_zh": "China and France released a joint declaration on 人工智能 and global governance during Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to France. The declaration emphasizes the importance of continued dialogue to provide lasting solutions to global challenges, and commits both countries to taking effective measures to address risks associated with 人工智能 technology. Additionally, China and France are committed to promoting secure, reliable, and trustworthy 人工智能 systems, adhering to the principle of \"人工智能 for good.\"", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 April 2024", "title": "CNIL publishes its first recommendations on the development of AI systems", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/ia-la-cnil-publie-ses-premieres-recommandations-sur-le-developpement-des-systemes-dintelligence", "description": "Primary source (cnil.fr) dated 8 April 2024 in FR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 publishes its first 建议 on the development of 人工智能 systems", "description_zh": "Following public consultation, the 法国数据保护局 (法国国家信息与自由委员会) has adopted its 建议 on the development of 人工智能 systems in compliance with the 通用数据保护条例. Recommendations on responsible development of 人工智能 systems include (1) defining a purpose for the 人工智能 system, (2) determining the developers' responsibilities, (3) defining the legal basis authorising the processing of 个人数据, (4) checking if 个人数据 can be reused, (5) minimising the 个人数据 processed, (6) defining a shell life, (7) conducting a 数据保护 impact assessment (DIAP, and (8) 隐私 by design requirements.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cnil.fr', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 February 2024", "title": "Competition Authority launches inquiry into competition in the Generative AI sector", "url": "https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/en/press-release/generative-artificial-intelligence-autorite-starts-inquiries-ex-officio-and-launches", "description": "The booming generative artificial intelligence sector is expected to be worth €42 billion in 2023 (double the 2022 figure) and could even exceed annual revenue of €200 billion by 2030. This new sector is rapidly taking shape around digital companies that already have a strong presence in adjacent markets, such cloud services. Given the high stakes and the very rapid development of this sector, the Autorité de la concurrence has decided to start inquiries ex officio to analyse its competitive functioning, and will issue an opinion in the coming months.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Competition Authority launches 调查 into competition in the Generative 人工智能 sector", "description_zh": "France's Competition Authority launches an 调查 into competition in the generative 人工智能 sector, closing on 22 March 2024. This 调查 will focus on the issue of consolidating tendencies in the 人工智能 sector and policy 建议 to address competition concerns.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2023", "title": "France, Germany, Italy push for 'mandatory self-regulation' for foundation models in EU's AI law", "url": "", "description": "News report (euractiv.com, 19 November 2023) regarding AI policy activity in FR. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "France, Germany, Italy push for 'mandatory self-regulation' for foundation models in EU's 人工智能 法律", "description_zh": "The three biggest EU countries are pushing for codes of conduct without an initial sanction regime for foundation models rather than prescriptive obligations in the 人工智能 rulebook.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "EU AI Regulation — Member State Positions on Dilution (January 2025)", "url": "https://www.investigate-europe.eu/posts/france-spearheads-member-state-campaign-dilute-european-artificial-intelligence-regulation", "description": "The EU affairs project takes you inside the negotiations of the laws that affect us all. We publish stories that get to the heart of EU decision-making and explain how political agreements inked in Brussels matter to ordinary Europeans.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "France spearheads member state campaign to dilute European 人工智能 regulation (22 January 2025):", "description_zh": "France is leading a campaign among EU member states to weaken proposed EU regulations on 人工智能, raising concerns about the balance between innovation and ethical oversight.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)", "url": "/documents/1628/CAA_Bordeaux_juge_des_ref._26_fevr._2026_n_25BX02906.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302 », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 11 janvier 2007, Association SOS Racisme », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302 », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Le conseil a cité « CE, 11 janvier 2007, Association SOS Racisme », que la cour a constaté comme n'existant pas et a invité à vérifier la référence.", "court": "CAA Bordeaux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "No. 25BX02906", "url": "/documents/1577/1772365389985.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302'; the court states this decision does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 11 janvier 2007, Association SOS Racisme'; the court states this decision does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 23 septembre 1987, Ministre du travail c/ Sté Ambulances 2000'; the court notes this decision concerns employment-training contract restrictions and is not relevant to the present matter (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 14 novembre 2018, n° 420055'; the court states this decision concerns abusive requests to the administration and is not on point (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'TC, 17 juin 2019, n° 4153'; the court observes this decision deals with jurisdictional competence regarding equality before public burdens and is not relevant to the appellant's claim (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 25 août 2025, Commune de Massat'; the court notes this decision concerns freedom of worship in référé liberté and is not applicable to the case at hand (misapplied precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "No. 25BX02906", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 7 février 2018, n° 409302'; the court states this decision does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 11 janvier 2007, Association SOS Racisme'; the court states this decision does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 23 septembre 1987, Ministre du travail c/ Sté Ambulances 2000'; the court notes this decision concerns employment-training contract restrictions and is not relevant to the present matter (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 14 novembre 2018, n° 420055'; the court states this decision concerns abusive requests to the administration and is not on point (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'TC, 17 juin 2019, n° 4153'; the court observes this decision deals with jurisdictional competence regarding equality before public burdens and is not relevant to the appellant's claim (misapplied precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'CE, 25 août 2025, Commune de Massat'; the court notes this decision concerns freedom of worship in référé liberté and is not applicable to the case at hand (misapplied precedent).", "court": "CAA Bordeaux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Mme Y", "url": "/documents/1457/2600610.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mme Y", "court": "TA Rennes", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "SAS La Volumerie", "url": "/documents/1448/1770054188254.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SAS La Volumerie", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law", "court": "TA Rennes", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "N° 2506461", "url": "/documents/1280/TA_Orleans_n_2506461_France_29_dec._2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Lyon decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Paris decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Bordeaux decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court notes this Conseil d'État decision exists but is not on point for an assignation à résidence (misplaced citation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "N° 2506461", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Lyon decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Paris decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CAA Bordeaux decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court notes this Conseil d'État decision exists but is not on point for an assignation à résidence (misplaced citation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited Conseil d'État decision with number/date does not exist as indicated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date does not exist or numbers do not correspond to dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court states this cited CNDA decision with number/date", "court": "TA Orléans", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]", "url": "/documents/1185/Anonym_France_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The claimant cited jurisprudence references that did not correspond to published decisions; the court flagged the references as likely AI-generated 'hallucinations' and gave pourvoi n°16-26694 as an example of a misreferenced decision.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | The claimant cited jurisprudence references that did not correspond to published decisions; the court flagged the references as likely 人工智能-generated 'hallucinations' and gave pourvoi n°16-26694 as an example of a misreferenced decision.", "court": "TJ Périgueux", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "Case n° 2512468", "url": "/documents/1451/TA_Grenoble_9_dec._2025_n_2512468.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Case n° 2512468", "court": "TA Grenoble", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "PANAME Audit Tool AMI - Test RGPD des modeles d'IA", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/2026-03/paname_ami.pdf", "description": "CNIL lance appel a manifestation d'interet pour tester l'outil PANAME d'audit RGPD des modeles d'IA. Initiative conjointe CNIL, ANSSI, PEReN, Inria pour evaluer la confidentialite des modeles AI et conformite RGPD.", "categories": [ "RGPD", "Audit", "AI Governance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PANAME Audit Tool AMI - Test RGPD des modeles d'IA", "description_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 lance appel a manifestation d'interet pour tester l'outil PANAME d'audit RGPD des modeles d'IA. Initiative conjointe 法国国家信息与自由委员会, ANSSI, PEReN, Inria pour evaluer la confidentialite des modeles 人工智能 et conformite RGPD." }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "CNIL outil tracabilite modeles IA open source", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/paname_outil_tracabilite.pdf", "description": "CNIL publie un outil demonstrateur pour naviguer dans la genealogie des modeles IA open source et etudier la tracabilite de cet ecosysteme, facilitant la conformite RGPD.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "AI Governance", "Open Source" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 outil tracabilite modeles IA open source", "description_zh": "法国国家信息与自由委员会 publie un outil demonstrateur pour naviguer dans la genealogie des modeles IA open source et etudier la tracabilite de cet ecosysteme, facilitant la conformite RGPD." }, { "title": "n° 25BX02906 (M. B. c. Préfet de la Vienne)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1628/CAA_Bordeaux_juge_des_ref._26_fevr._2026_n_25BX02906.pdf", "date": "26 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "No. 25BX02906", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1577/1772365389985.pdf", "date": "26 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mme Y", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1457/2600610.pdf", "date": "30 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "SAS La Volumerie", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1448/1770054188254.pdf", "date": "28 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "N° 2506461", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1280/TA_Orleans_n_2506461_France_29_dec._2025.pdf", "date": "29 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "M. [C] c/ CAF de la [Dpt CAF]", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1185/Anonym_France_18_December_2025.pdf", "date": "18 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Case n° 2512468", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1451/TA_Grenoble_9_dec._2025_n_2512468.pdf", "date": "9 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 232, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "250" }, { "id": "GA", "title": "Gabon", "entries": [ { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "ECA and Gabon explore accelerating economic diversification through AI", "url": "https://www.uneca.org/stories/eca-and-gabon-explore-accelerating-economic-diversification-through-ai", "description": "Yaounde, 29 November 2024 (ECA) - The Government of the Gabonese Republic and the ECA Sub-Regional Office for Central Africa are joining forces to boost the contribution of artificial intelligence to the diversification of Gabon's economy.Under the patronage of the Prime Minister and Head of Government, a sub-regional workshop on the theme “Artificial Intelligence in Africa:", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ECA and Gabon explore accelerating economic diversification through 人工智能", "description_zh": "The Government of Gabon and the ECA Sub-Regional Office for Central Africa are collaborating to enhance 人工智能's role in diversifying Gabon's economy through a sub-regional workshop in Libreville on December 5-6, 2024. This event, under the Prime Minister's patronage, will bring together 100 experts to discuss 人工智能's economic, social, and ethical aspects, as well as its challenges and opportunities in education, financing, and investment. The workshop builds on previous initiatives, including the launch of an 人工智能 readiness assessment method in December 2023 and the establishment of a National Technical Committee (CTN-IA) to coordinate national 人工智能 strategies and ensure ethical implementation of 人工智能 technologies.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 September 2023", "title": "New AI rules in Gabon's personal data protection law", "url": "https://www.africanobservatory.ai/social/new-ai-rules-in-gabons-personal-data-protection-law", "description": "Primary source (africanobservatory.ai) dated 27 September 2023 in GA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "New 人工智能 rules in Gabon's personal 数据保护 法律", "description_zh": "A 2023 amendment to Gabon's 法律 on personal 数据保护 includes several direct references to 人工智能, providing definitions for 人工智能-related terms such as \"Artificial Intelligence\" and \"Natural Language Processing.\" The amendment outlines specific rules regarding the use of 人工智能 and the sharing or processing of data, highlighting the importance of these technologies in various disciplines, including speech recognition and synthesis.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "266" }, { "id": "GE", "title": "Georgia", "entries": [ { "date": "4 April 2022", "title": "Georgia: Common Carrier Non-Discrimination Act (SB 393)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20212022/204069", "description": "On 4 April 2022, the Common Carrier Non-Discrimination Act (SB 393) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Georgia: Common Carrier Non-Discrimination Act (SB 393)", "description_zh": "On 4 April 2022, the Common Carrier Non-Discrimination Act (SB 393) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session adjourned." }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Georgia Consumer Privacy Protection Act (SB 473)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/66835", "description": "On 27 February 2024, the Senate passed the Georgia Consumer Privacy Act. The Act aims to enhance the protection of consumers' personal data in Georgia and defines terms, regulates applicability, and provides exemptions for certain entities, data, and data uses. The Act applies to businesses operating in Georgia that offer products or services to consumers of this state that generate more than USD 25 million in revenue and either controls or processes the personal information of at least 25'00...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Georgia Consumer Privacy Protection Act (SB 473)", "description_zh": "On 27 February 2024, the Senate passed the Georgia Consumer Privacy Act. The Act aims to enhance the protection of consumers' 个人数据 in Georgia and de罚款s terms, regulates applicability, and provides exemptions for certain entities, data, and data uses. The Act applies to businesses operating in Georgia that offer products or services to consumers of this state that generate more than USD 25 million in revenue and either controls or processes the personal information of at least 25'00..." }, { "date": "3 March 2025", "title": "Fair and Future Ready Housing Act (HB 715)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/71101", "description": "On 3 March 2025, the Fair and Future Ready Housing Act (HB 715) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia. The Bill proposes the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision tools in housing determinations relating to sale, rental, or financing, including a prohibition on their use without human oversight and a requirement for disclosure to affected individuals. In any action or proceeding related to discriminatory housing practices, the use o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Fair and Future Ready Housing Act (HB 715)", "description_zh": "On 3 March 2025, the Fair and Future Ready Housing Act (HB 715) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia. The 法案 proposes the regulation of 人工智能 (人工智能) and automated decision tools in housing determinations relating to sale, rental, or financing, including a prohibition on their use without human oversight and a requirement for disclosure to affected individuals. In any action or proceeding related to discriminatory housing practices, the use o..." }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "End Rental Price-Fixing Act (Bill No. HB 679)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/70981", "description": "On 27 February 2025, the End Rental Price-Fixing Act was introduced to the Georgia House of Representatives. The Act applies to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational processes in coordinating rental prices among landlords, deeming them unenforceable as contracts in general restraint of trade. The Act applies to landlords, property managers, and entities that coordinate rental prices using software, data analytics, or AI-driven recommendations. It criminalises such agreemen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "End Rental Price-Fixing Act (法案 No. HB 679)", "description_zh": "On 27 February 2025, the End Rental Price-Fixing Act was introduced to the Georgia House of Representatives. The Act applies to the use of 人工智能 (人工智能) and computational processes in coordinating rental prices among landlords, deeming them unenforceable as contracts in general restraint of trade. The Act applies to landlords, property managers, and entities that coordinate rental prices using software, data analytics, or 人工智能-driven 建议. It criminalises such agreemen..." }, { "date": "7 November 2024", "title": "National Bank of Georgia to develop AI regulations aligned with EU standards", "url": "http://agenda.ge/en/news/2024/41473", "description": "Primary source (agenda.ge) dated 7 November 2024 in GE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "National Bank of Georgia to develop 人工智能 regulations aligned with EU standards", "description_zh": "The National Bank of Georgia has said it would develop regulations for 人工智能 in line with the European Union standards in order to bolster the stability of financial systems and enhance risk management. The initiative was outlined in the recently released national fintech strategy, developed in collaboration with the World Bank.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "268" }, { "id": "GH", "title": "Ghana", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-01-10", "title": "National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/resources/National%20Cybersecurity%20Policy%20and%20Strategy.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) of Ghana adopted a cybersecurity framework safeguarding the nation's digital ecosystem across all economic activities. The framework introduces legal, technical, organisational, and capacity-building measures to enhance cybersecurity. It operationalises Ghana's Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) ecosystem, establishes a National Cybersecurity Risk Management Framework, and sets standards for Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-10", "title": "CSA Directive for the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CII)", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/resources/Directive_CII.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2021, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) adopted and implemented the Directive for the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure, pursuant to the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038). The Directive requires designated CII Owners to develop board-approved cybersecurity policies, appoint accountable officers, and implement technical and organizational measures, such as asset protection, access control, and employee training. Designated CII Owners are also mandated to conduct r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-05-18", "title": "Ministry of Finance Digital Financial Services Policy", "url": "https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/acts/Ghana_DFS_Policy.pdf", "description": "On 18 May 2020, the Ministry of Finance adopted the Digital Financial Services Policy to guide collaboration with industry stakeholders in creating a digital financial ecosystem. The policy's measures include tiered Know Your Customer (KYC) processes, data-sharing frameworks, and interoperable payment systems. The policy supports innovation through regulatory sandboxes, open APIs, and tax incentives for digitising payments​. It also emphasises infrastructure improvements, such as upgrades to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-29", "title": "Licensing requirements in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "url": "https://csdsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cybersecurity-Act-2020-Act-1038.pdf", "description": "On 29 March 2021, the obligation for cybersecurity service providers to obtain a licence under the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force. The Act outlines the licensing requirements for cybersecurity service providers. According to the Act, entities must obtain a license from the Authority to provide cybersecurity services. Failure to do so results in an administrative penalty. The application process involves submitting a written application with supporting documentation and a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-12-29", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "url": "https://csdsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cybersecurity-Act-2020-Act-1038.pdf", "description": "On 29 December 2020, the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force following its signing and publication in the official gazette. The Act specifies that owners or operators of computer online services, weblogs, internet services, or internet bulletin board services are prohibited from aiding or permitting the creation, production, publication, streaming, or possession of indecent images or photographs of children through their services. Additionally, they must ensure that their pla...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-28", "title": "Digital Economy Policy and Strategy 2024", "url": "https://nita.gov.gh/theevooc/2024/12/Ghana-Digital-Economy-Policy-Strategy-Document.pdf", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation (MoCD) adopted a national digital economy policy and strategy outlining measures to drive inclusive growth through digital transformation. The framework prioritises universal access to connectivity and devices, digital skills development, efficient government service delivery via shared platforms like the Common National Digital Architecture (CNDA), and support for tech entrepreneurship. It establishes cross-sector strategi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-28", "title": "Council of Europe's Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/ghana-signs-council-of-europe-second-additional-protocol-to-the%20-convention-on-cybercrime", "description": "On 28 June 2023, Ghana signed the Council of Europe’s Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime. As the second African country to join, Ghana aims to enhance cybercrime investigations and international cooperation. The Protocol provides authorities with tools for cross-border collaboration and electronic evidence sharing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "title": "National Digital Transformation and Emerging Technology Strategy", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/2025/05/02/ghana-to-develop-national-ai-strategy-initiative-amid-digital-transformation-push/", "description": "On 2 May 2025, Ghana’s Minister for Communication, Digital Technology, and Innovation announced the development of the National Digital Transformation and Emerging Technology Strategy, with a focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The strategy is intended to guide the ethical and secure deployment of AI and other digital tools for national development, ensuring inclusivity and appropriate governance frameworks. A component involves digitising essential national datasets to train AI systems on...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Data protection regulation in Electronic Communications Act, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NCA-Electronic-Communications-Bill-2025.pdf", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the National Communications Authority closes its consultation on the Electronic Communications Act, 2025, which includes provisions for data protection regulation. Electronic communications and broadcasting service providers would be required to comply with the Data Protection Act, 2025 in their collection, processing, and storage of personal data. The National Communications Authority, in consultation with the Data Protection Commission, would be empowered to issue secto...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Emerging Technologies Bill, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MoCDTI-EMERGING-TECHNOLOGIES-DRAFT-BILL-2025-2.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations closes its consultation on the Emerging Technologies Bill, 2025. The Bill proposes to establish an Emerging Technologies Agency, which includes an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Division, with the objective of advancing the adoption of emerging technologies , including AI, blockchain-based technology, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technology, and quantum computing promoting research and deploying these techn...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Electronic Transactions Act, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Electronic-Transactions-Bill-2025-20-10-25.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the National Information Technology Agency closes its consultation on the Electronic Transactions Act, 2025, which includes content moderation regulation. The Act would provide for the liability of intermediaries. Specifically, intermediaries acting as \"mere conduit\" or for the automatic, intermediate and temporary storage of electronic records on their systems for the purpose of more efficient onward transmission would be exempt from liability for transmitting electronic ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practice requirement in Electronic Transactions Act, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Electronic-Transactions-Bill-2025-20-10-25.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the National Information Technology Agency closes its consultation on the Electronic Transactions Act, 2025, which includes fair marketing and advertising practice requirements. The Act would prohibit the sending of unsolicited electronic communications to customers, while requiring those sending electronic communications to provide the option to unsubscribe from a mailing list and to identify the source of the customer's contact information upon request. Breaching the pro...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Operational license requirement in Data Protection Act, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/DATA-PROTECTION-BILL.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations closes its consultation on the Data Protection Act, 2025, including operational license requirements. The Act would require data protection service providers to obtain a license from the Data Protection Authority prior to operation. Data protection services cover activities designed to provide technical tools for personal data management, and explicitly exclude legal, compliance, and policy consultancy servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "National Communications Authority Act, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NCA-National-Communications-Authority-Bill-2025.pdf", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the National Communications Authority closes its consultation on the National Communications Authority Act. The Act would establish the National Communications Authority to regulate, promote, and develop communication services across the country. Its core functions would include overseeing radio frequency spectrum, ensuring the quality of communication services, and fostering fair competition among service providers. One aspect of its mandate would involve consumer protec...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Government access to data in Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/public_document.php", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority closes the consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill. The Bill expands the powers of the Cybersecurity Authority to investigate, prosecute, and manage cybercrime. The Authority is empowered to conduct criminal investigations and prosecute offences under the Act and the Electronic Transactions Act, and to seek confiscation of assets obtained through cybercrime, with civil recovery possible even if criminal proceedings fail. It ma...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/public_document.php", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority closes the consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill. The Bill broadens the scope of cybercrime provisions to cover other forms of online offences, including cyberbullying, online harassment, and cyberstalking. The Act criminalises the use of electronic media to threaten, harass, or manipulate children or adults, create false identities, track or monitor individuals without consent, or spread false information. Service providers...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-27", "title": "Government access to data in Data Harmonisation Bill 2025", "url": "https://nita.gov.gh/ict-standards-and-guidelines-for-stakeholder-comments-and-reviews-2-2-2/", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the National Information Technology Agency closes the consultation on the Data Harmonisation Bill. The Bill seeks to establish a National Data Exchange Platform under government oversight, creating a legal framework for state-coordinated access to public interest data held by public institutions and certain private entities performing public or regulatory functions. The Bill would empower the designated Authority to mandate data classification, including open, shareable, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation Assessment on Ethical AI Readiness in Ghana", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/2024/10/01/readiness-assessment-measurement-ram-ethical-use-of-artificial-intelligence-launched/", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation (MoCD), through the Data Protection Commission (DPC) and in collaboration with UNESCO, launched the Readiness Assessment Measurement (RAM) for the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This initiative focuses on bridging the digital divide and developing AI systems suited to Ghana's local needs, ensuring they contribute to national development and support human-centric decision-making.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation Assessment on Ethical 人工智能 Readiness in Ghana", "description_zh": "On 30 September 2024, the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation (MoCD), through the Data Protection Commission (DPC) and in collaboration with UNESCO, launched the Readiness Assessment Measurement (RAM) for the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence (人工智能). This initiative focuses on bridging the digital divide and developing 人工智能 systems suited to Ghana's local needs, ensuring they contribute to national development and support human-centric decision-making." }, { "date": "29 December 2020", "title": "Security measures for critical information infrastructure providers in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "url": "https://csdsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cybersecurity-Act-2020-Act-1038.pdf", "description": "On 29 December 2020, the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force following its signing and publication in the official gazette. The Act outlines measures for the designation, registration, and management of critical information infrastructure (CII). The Minister, advised by the Authority, can designate computer systems or networks as CII if they are essential for national security, economic and social well-being, or public safety. Designated CII must be registered with the Autho...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Security measures for critical information infrastructure providers in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "description_zh": "On 29 December 2020, the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force following its signing and publication in the official gazette. The Act outlines measures for the designation, registration, and management of critical information infrastructure (CII). The Minister, advised by the Authority, can designate computer systems or networks as CII if they are essential for national security, economic and social well-being, or public safety. Designated CII must be registered with the Autho..." }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "CSA National Child Online Protection Framework", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/resources/National%20COP%20Framework.pdf", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) adopted the National Child Online Protection (COP) Framework. The framework is designed to address threats children face in the digital space, including cyberbullying, harassment, and online exploitation. It incorporates international standards such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Guidelines and the WeProtect Global Alliance Model National Response, aiming to ensure a safer and more empowering online environment for chi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CSA National Child Online Protection 框架", "description_zh": "On 18 October 2024, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) adopted the National Child Online Protection (COP) 框架. The framework is designed to address threats children face in the digital space, including cyberbullying, harassment, and 在线 exploitation. It incorporates international standards such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Guidelines and the WeProtect Global Alliance Model National Response, aiming to ensure a safer and more empowering 在线 environment for chi..." }, { "date": "29 December 2020", "title": "Measures establishing Cyber Security Authority in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "url": "https://csdsafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Cybersecurity-Act-2020-Act-1038.pdf", "description": "On 29 December 2020, the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force following its signing and publication in the official gazette. The Act establishes the Cyber Security Authority as a corporate body. The Authority's powers include regulating cybersecurity activities, managing threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure, and fostering a secure digital ecosystem. Furthermore, the Authority has the power to monitor threats, set standards for cybersecurity products and serv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Measures establishing Cyber Security Authority in Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038)", "description_zh": "On 29 December 2020, the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038) entered into force following its signing and publication in the official gazette. The Act establishes the Cyber Security Authority as a corporate body. The Authority's powers include regulating 网络安全 activities, managing threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure, and fostering a secure digital ecosystem. Furthermore, the Authority has the power to monitor threats, set standards for 网络安全 products and serv..." }, { "date": "22 September 2021", "title": "Notice of the Designation of Critical Information Infrastructure Pursuant to Subsection (2) of Section 35 of the Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act 1038)", "url": "https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/gh/2021/gh-government-gazette-dated-2021-09-23-no-132.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2021, the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation issued a notice on notice designating critical information infrastructure under the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038). The identified critical providers include ICT, banking, energy, and health. The Minister for Communications and Digitalisation has designated specific computer systems and networks in these sectors as critical, with owners to be notified in writing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Notice of the Designation of Critical Information Infrastructure Pursuant to Subsection (2) of Section 35 of the Cybersecurity Act, 2020 (Act 1038)", "description_zh": "On 22 September 2021, the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation issued a 通知 on 通知 designating critical information infrastructure under the Cybersecurity Act 2020 (Act 1038). The identified critical providers include ICT, banking, energy, and health. The Minister for Communications and Digitalisation has designated specific computer systems and networks in these sectors as critical, with owners to be notified in writing." }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "Minister for Communications and Digitalisation's policy requiring government external data to be stored locally in Ghana", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/2024/06/26/government-working-to-host-all-data-centres-locally/", "description": "On 26 June 2024, the Minister for Communications and Digitalisation announced government plans to relocate all external data hosted in other countries to local data centres in Ghana. This initiative aims to reduce operational costs associated with data storage, management, and retrieval on foreign cloud services. The policy is part of efforts to promote data localisation and encourage global cloud service providers to establish data centres within the country. A validation workshop on data ce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Minister for Communications and Digitalisation's policy requiring government external data to be stored locally in Ghana", "description_zh": "On 26 June 2024, the Minister for Communications and Digitalisation announced government plans to relocate all external data hosted in other countries to local data centres in Ghana. This initiative aims to reduce operational costs associated with data storage, management, and retrieval on foreign cloud services. The policy is part of efforts to promote data localisation and encourage global cloud service providers to establish data centres within the country. A validation workshop on data ce..." }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Expansion of Cyber Security Authority's powers in Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/public_document.php", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) closes the public consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill. The Bill amends the Cybersecurity Act, 2020, to expand the role and functions of the CSA. It defines the CSA’s objectives as regulating cybersecurity activities, preventing and responding to threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure and cybersecurity professionals, combating cybercrime, facilitating the confiscation of cybercrime proceeds, fostering...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Expansion of Cyber Security Authority's powers in Cybersecurity (Amendment) 法案", "description_zh": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) closes the public consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) 法案. The 法案 amends the Cybersecurity Act, 2020, to expand the role and functions of the CSA. It de罚款s the CSA’s objectives as regulating 网络安全 activities, preventing and responding to threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure and 网络安全 professionals, combating cybercrime, facilitating the confiscation of cybercrime proceeds, fostering..." }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Misinformation, Disinformation, Hate Speech and Publication of Other Information (MDHI) Bill, 2025", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MISINFORMATION-DISINFORMATION-HATE-SPEECH-1.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations closes a consultation on the Misinformation, Disinformation, Hate Speech and Publication of Other Information (MDHI) Bill, 2025 including content moderation regulation. The Bill aims to prevent the publication, dissemination, and commercialisation of hate speech, misinformation, and disinformation, as well as regulate the public disclosure of private information, and establishes the conditions for liability ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in Misinformation, Disinformation, Hate Speech and Publication of Other Information (MDHI) 法案, 2025", "description_zh": "On 31 October 2025, the Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations closes a consultation on the Misinformation, Disinformation, Hate Speech and Publication of Other Information (MDHI) 法案, 2025 including 内容审核 regulation. The 法案 aims to prevent the publication, dissemination, and commercialisation of hate speech, misinformation, and disinformation, as well as regulate the public disclosure of private information, and establishes the conditions for liability ..." }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Registration requirements in Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.gh/public_document.php", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) closes the public consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) Bill. The Bill amends the Cybersecurity Act, 2020, to expand the role and functions of the CSA. It defines the CSA’s objectives as regulating cybersecurity activities, preventing and responding to threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure and cybersecurity professionals, combating cybercrime, facilitating the confiscation of cybercrime proceeds, fostering...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Registration requirements in Cybersecurity (Amendment) 法案", "description_zh": "On 14 November 2025, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) closes the public consultation on the Draft Cybersecurity (Amendment) 法案. The 法案 amends the Cybersecurity Act, 2020, to expand the role and functions of the CSA. It de罚款s the CSA’s objectives as regulating 网络安全 activities, preventing and responding to threats, overseeing critical information infrastructure and 网络安全 professionals, combating cybercrime, facilitating the confiscation of cybercrime proceeds, fostering..." }, { "date": "12 December 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity requirement in Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025", "url": "https://www.parliament.gh/search?for=virtual%20asset", "description": "On 12 December 2025, Parliament adopted the Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025, which includes a cybersecurity requirement, on third reading. The Act's date of entry into force will be announced. The Act will apply to virtual asset service providers providing such a service from or in Ghana. Virtual assets are defined as digital representations of value that can be digitally traded or used for payment, though excluding central bank digital currencies and representations of fiat currenc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cybersecurity requirement in Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025", "description_zh": "On 12 December 2025, Parliament adopted the Virtual Asset Service Providers Act, 2025, which includes a 网络安全 requirement, on third reading. The Act's date of entry into force will be announced. The Act will apply to virtual asset service providers providing such a service from or in Ghana. Virtual assets are de罚款d as digital representations of value that can be digitally traded or used for payment, though excluding central bank digital currencies and representations of fiat currenc..." }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Ghana - National AI Strategy Cabinet Approval", "url": "https://citinewsroom.com/2026/02/ghanas-national-ai-strategy-secures-cabinet-", "description": "Ghana's National AI Strategy secured Cabinet approval, advancing the country's framework for artificial intelligence governance and policy. The strategy was developed under Minister Samuel Armah with public launch forthcoming.", "categories": [ "National AI Strategy", "Cabinet Approval" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ghana - National 人工智能 Strategy Cabinet Approval", "description_zh": "Ghana's National 人工智能 Strategy secured Cabinet approval, advancing the country's framework for 人工智能 governance and policy. The strategy was developed under Minister Samuel Armah with public launch forthcoming." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Ghana to introduce new regulations to tackle AI misinformation and disinformation", "url": "https://dataprotection.org.gh/your-data-your-identity-ghana-data-protection-commission-launches-data-protection-week/", "description": "The Data Protection Commission (DPC) in partnership with the Ghana Association of Privacy Professionals (GAPP), on 26th January, 2026, officially launched the commencement of the celebration of the Data Protection Week 2026, in a press conference at the Information Services Department on the theme “Your Data, Your Identity: Building Trust in Ghana’s Digital Future”.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ghana to introduce new regulations to tackle 人工智能 misinformation and disinformation", "description_zh": "The Ghana Data Protection Commission (DPC) has announced the drafting of new regulations specifically designed to address the escalating threats of misinformation and disinformation, with a primary focus on the misuse of 人工智能-generated images and videos. During the launch of Data Protection Week 2026 in Accra, Executive Director Dr. Arnold Kavaarpuo explained that the existing Data Protection Act of 2012 lacks the provisions to manage contemporary digital manipulations, such as the superimposing of individuals' likenesses into live environments. These upcoming legislative efforts, supported by the Ministry of Communications, Digital Technology and Innovation, aim to bridge legal gaps and bolster public confidence in Ghana's digital initiatives. Deputy Minister Mohammed Adam Sukparu further emphasized that the success of these digital advancements relies on robust 数据保护 and sustained public education, highlighting previous outreach campaigns that reached millions to underscore the practical importance of 隐私 in daily life.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Emerging Technologies Bill introduced", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/MoCDTI-EMERGING-TECHNOLOGIES-DRAFT-BILL-2025-2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (moc.gov.gh) dated 21 October 2025 in GH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Emerging Technologies 法案 introduced", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Communication, Digital Technology and Innovations of Ghana has released the draft Emerging Technologies 法案, 2025 for public consultation. The 法案 proposes to establish an Emerging Technologies Agency, which includes an Artificial Intelligence (人工智能) Division, with the objective of advancing the adoption of emerging technologies , including 人工智能, blockchain-based technology, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud technology, and quantum computing promoting research and deploying these technologies to boost social and economic productivity. The Agency would provide a set of rules on emerging technology with the aim of securing their efficient and safe deployment. The 法案 also outlines general guiding principles which apply to the development and use of emerging technologies, including principles on preventing algorithmic biases and discrimination, ensure transparency and human oversight, and requiring clear labelling and informed consent for consumers. Furthermore, the principles addresses the spread of misinformation and disinformation and outline environmental safeguards for technologies with high energy consumption or electronic waste generation. The consultation closes on 31 October 2025.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='moc.gov.gh', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2 May 2025", "title": "Ghana releases national digital transformation and emerging tech strategy, covering AI", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/2025/05/02/ghana-to-develop-national-ai-strategy-initiative-amid-digital-transformation-push/", "description": "Primary source (moc.gov.gh) dated 2 May 2025 in GH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ghana releases national digital transformation and emerging tech strategy, covering 人工智能", "description_zh": "Ghana’s Minister for Communication, Digital Technology, and Innovation has announced the development of the National Digital Transformation and Emerging Technology Strategy, with a focus on 人工智能. The strategy is intended to guide the ethical and secure deployment of 人工智能 and other digital tools for national development, ensuring inclusivity and appropriate governance frameworks. A component involves digitising essential national datasets to train 人工智能 systems on local data, thereby preserving cultural context and protecting digital sovereignty.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='moc.gov.gh', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Ghana launches Readiness Assessment Measurement for ethical use of AI", "url": "https://moc.gov.gh/2024/10/01/readiness-assessment-measurement-ram-ethical-use-of-artificial-intelligence-launched/", "description": "Primary source (moc.gov.gh) dated 30 September 2024 in GH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ghana launches Readiness Assessment Measurement for ethical use of 人工智能", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation (MoCD) of Ghana, through the Data Protection Commission (DPC) and in collaboration with UNESCO, launched the Readiness Assessment Measurement (RAM) for the Ethical Use of 人工智能. This initiative focuses on bridging the digital divide and developing 人工智能 systems suited to Ghana's local needs, ensuring they contribute to national development and support human-centric decision-making.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='moc.gov.gh', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 June 2023", "title": "Ghana debates regulating AI", "url": "https://www.dw.com/en/ghana-debates-regulating-artificial-intelligence/a-66025595", "description": "Lawmakers in Ghana are calling for legislation to govern the use of artificial intelligence. They argue that the tool could increase inequality and they want clarity over machine error.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ghana debates regulating 人工智能", "description_zh": "Ghanaian 法律makers are advocating for the implementation of 法律s to regulate the use of 人工智能 in the country. They propose the establishment of an 人工智能 council to oversee the use of 人工智能 and address concerns about criminal liability for machine errors. Additionally, there is a call for the educational system to offer courses that prepare individuals for the jobs and opportunities that 人工智能 will bring.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 33, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "288" }, { "id": "GL", "title": "Greenland", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "304" }, { "id": "GP", "title": "Guadeloupe", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "312" }, { "id": "SL", "title": "Sierra Leone", "entries": [ { "title": "National Innovation & Digital Strategy (2019-2029)", "url": "https://www.dsti.gov.sl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Sierra-Leone-National-Innovation-and-Digital-Strategy.pdf", "description": "Primary source (dsti.gov.sl) in SL. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Innovation & Digital Strategy (2019-2029):", "description_zh": "Sierra Leone's national digital strategy which, among other things, calls for a \"Country-as-人工智能-Lab\" approach which is aims to use 人工智能 and data science to address societal challenges and optimize solutions at a national scale. The strategy emphasizes applied data science for governance, evidence-based policy frameworks, and citizen-centered design. The strategy also calls for the Ministry of Justice to review and develop critical 法律s and regulations that protect citizen data, and regulatory sandbox framework for live testing of technology generally.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "694" }, { "id": "GW", "title": "Guinea-Bissau", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "624" }, { "id": "HN", "title": "Honduras", "entries": [ { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in HN. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping 人工智能 declaration", "description_zh": "Representatives of 17 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Suriname and Uruguay) have signed the Cartagena Declaration on 人工智能 governance. The declaration includes (1) adherence to UNESCO's ethics 建议 from the 人工智能 for Good Global Summit, (2) alignment with existing soft 法律 instruments like the OECD's 人工智能 建议, and (3) continuation of similar 人工智能 initiatives previously signed in Montevideo and Santiago. The text of the declaration has yet to be publicly revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "340" }, { "id": "HU", "title": "Hungary", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "GVH investigation into TikTok regarding communication to consumers", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/en/press_room/press_releases/press-releases-2023/the-hungarian-competition-authority-puts-tiktok-on-the-right-track-to-protect-children", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) closed the investigation into TikTok regarding communication to consumers. The GVH previously opened an investigation into TikTok due to the suspicion that TikTok was not providing consumers with the relevant information regarding the functioning of the platform, specifically what and how much data was processed when using the platform and how TikTok used this data. The investigation resulted in a commitment made by TikTok to ensu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-01", "title": "Market Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Effects by Hungarian Competition Authority", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2024-es-sajtokozlemenyek/a-gvh-elinditja-piacelemzeset-a-mesterseges-intelligencia-hatasairol", "description": "On 4 January 2024, the Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) announced a market analysis to examine the effects of artificial intelligence on market competition and consumer decision-making. The analysis aims to pre-explore the risks associated with the rapid spread of this technology, which could potentially distort competition in digital sectors and put consumers in a vulnerable position. The GVH will concentrate on two main issues: the threat to fair market competition posed by AI-based t...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-11", "title": "NAIH investigation into a foundation regarding alleged GDPR infringement", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/news/2024/final-decision-hungarian-supervisory-authority-about-infringement-article-26-gdpr_en", "description": "On 2 November 2023, the National Authority for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (NAIH) issued a ruling in its investigation into a foundation regarding alleged General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) infringement. The investigation originated from the Office for Personal Data Protection of the Slovak Republic's objection to the foundation's processing of data on two Hungarian language websites, which allegedly violated Articles 5 and 6 of the GDPR. The NAIH found that the Foundati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "Economic Competition Authority investigation into Viber's free and safe claims compliance with consumer and data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2024-es-sajtokozlemenyek/szamos-ponton-modosit-a-viber-a-gvh-eljarasanak-koszonhetoen", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Hungarian Competition Authority, in cooperation with the National Data Protection and Freedom of Information Authority (NAIH), concluded its investigation into Viber after the company committed to implementing measures addressing noncompliance with consumer and data protection regulations. These measures that Viber committed to implement aim to enhance consumer understanding of the platform's features and data management practices. In particular, the measures include the i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "Economic Competition Authority inquiry into impact of artificial intelligence on competition", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2024-es-sajtokozlemenyek/gvh-a-mesterseges-intelligencia-alkalmazasa-novelheti-a-magyar-vallalkozasok-versenykepesseget", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) published the findings of its market analysis on the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on competition and consumer protection. The analysis determined that the rapid adoption of AI technologies could disadvantage small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) if they do not begin utilising these technologies. It highlighted the importance of developing AI capabilities among SMEs and proposed several state interventions to optimise...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Act on the implementation of the EU AI Act in Hungary", "url": "https://njt.hu/jogszabaly/2025-75-00-00", "description": "On 2 August 2026, Section 3(2) and Section 10 of Act LXXV of 2025 on the implementation of the European Union Regulation on Artificial Intelligence in Hungary enter into force. These provisions require the AI market surveillance authority to operate the AI regulatory test environment defined in Article 3(55) and Article 57 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 and empower the minister to set detailed operating rules, including cooperation by other authorities, aligned with Article 58. To enable operat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 April 2020", "title": "Hungary art. 5 Copyright Directive implementation", "url": "https://magyarkozlony.hu/dokumentumok/904cadd30854e61a1059a006f04a46fde911e929/megtekintes", "description": "The decree 125/2020 is implemented, modifying the existing educational exception to copyright to include digital uses, as prescribed in art. 5 EU DSM directive.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hungary art. 5 Copyright Directive implementation", "description_zh": "The 法令 125/2020 is implemented, modifying the existing educational exception to copyright to include digital uses, as prescribed in art. 5 EU DSM directive." }, { "date": "5 June 2021", "title": "Comprehensive copyright law (EU DSM Directive implementation)", "url": "https://magyarkozlony.hu/dokumentumok/526334b033ec56dda7906378ca38c272f80fb231/megtekintes", "description": "Act XXXVII of 2021, the Hungarian law implementating the EU DSM Directive by providing a comprehensive copyright regime, is published in the official gazette.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Comprehensive copyright 法律 (EU DSM Directive implementation)", "description_zh": "Act XXXVII of 2021, the Hungarian 法律 implementating the EU DSM Directive by providing a comprehensive copyright regime, is published in the official gazette." }, { "date": "15 June 2021", "title": "Treatment of minors regulation in Hungarian draft on tougher action against paedophile offenders and amending certain laws for the protection of children T/16365", "url": "https://www.parlament.hu/irom41/16365/16365-0015.pdf", "description": "The draft law on stricter action against paedophile offenders (T/16365) was adopted by the Hungarian parliament. The law aims to strengthen the protection of children, which includes the prohibition of providing content that depicts other than heterosexual attitudes and the prohibition of advertising that depicts other than heterosexual attitudes to children under 18 years of age.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Treatment of 未成年人 regulation in Hungarian draft on tougher action against paedophile offenders and amending certain 法律s for the protection of children T/16365", "description_zh": "The draft 法律 on stricter action against paedophile offenders (T/16365) was adopted by the Hungarian parliament. The 法律 aims to strengthen the protection of children, which includes the prohibition of providing content that depicts other than heterosexual attitudes and the prohibition of advertising that depicts other than heterosexual attitudes to children under 18 years of age." }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "GVH investigation into Microsoft for allegedly inadequately informing consumers about Bing AI feature", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2025-os-sajtokozlemenyek/magyarul-tanitja-a-microsoft-a-mesterseges-intelligenciat-a-gvh-nak-koszonhetoen", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) adopted binding commitments in its investigation into Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited concerning the AI-based Bing search service. The proceeding examined whether the company had informed Hungarian consumers with the expected professional diligence about the AI functionalities integrated into Bing since February 2023. The Authority raised concerns over fragmented, overly complex, and partly English-only user information. Without e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GVH 调查 into Microsoft for allegedly inadequately informing consumers about Bing 人工智能 feature", "description_zh": "On 30 May 2025, the Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) adopted binding commitments in its 调查 into Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited concerning the 人工智能-based Bing search service. The proceeding examined whether the company had informed Hungarian consumers with the expected professional diligence about the 人工智能 functionalities integrated into Bing since February 2023. The Authority raised concerns over fragmented, overly complex, and partly English-only user information. Without e..." }, { "date": "23 April 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill amending Act CVIII of 2001 on certain issues of electronic commerce services and information society services", "url": "https://www.kneb.hu/hu/web/guest/folyamatban-levo-torvenyjavaslatok?p_p_id=hu_parlament_cms_pair_portlet_PairProxy_INSTANCE_9xd2Wc9jP4z8&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_auth=e8xT1ZDq&_hu_parlament_cms_pair_portlet_PairProxy_INSTANCE_9xd2Wc9jP4z8_pairAction=", "description": "On 23 April 2024, the Bill amending the Act CVIII of 2001 on certain issues of electronic commerce services and information society services was introduced in the Hungarian Parliament. The Bill includes content moderation requirements. Specifically, service providers would be mandated to establish an easily accessible, transparent, and user-friendly electronic system on their websites to facilitate the reporting and removal of content that infringes upon the privacy rights of minors. Addition...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in 法案 amending Act CVIII of 2001 on certain issues of electronic commerce services and information society services", "description_zh": "On 23 April 2024, the 法案 amending the Act CVIII of 2001 on certain issues of electronic commerce services and information society services was introduced in the Hungarian Parliament. The 法案 includes 内容审核 requirements. Specifically, service providers would be mandated to establish an easily accessible, transparent, and user-friendly electronic system on their websites to facilitate the reporting and removal of content that infringes upon the 隐私 rights of 未成年人. Addition..." }, { "title": "Hungary AI Regulation Overview", "url": "https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ai-regulation-scanner/hungary", "description": "Hungary regulates AI under applicable national and EU rules, with the EU AI Act serving as the primary harmonized framework. CMS expert guide covers Hungary's regulatory approach for 2026.", "categories": [ "National Implementation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hungary 人工智能 Regulation Overview", "description_zh": "Hungary regulates 人工智能 under applicable national and EU rules, with the EU 人工智能 Act serving as the primary harmonized framework. CMS expert guide covers Hungary's regulatory approach for 2026." }, { "title": "Government Resolution on measures to strengthen domestic AI strategy and priority development areas (A mesterséges intelligencia hazai stratégiai megerősítését és kiemelt fejlesztési területeit szolgáló intézkedésekről)", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/hu/press/press-releases/2025/05/23/council-calls-for-an-inclusive-ethical-sustainable-and-human-centric-strategy-for-the-uptake-of-ai-in-science/", "description": "AI law in Hungary: A government resolution (1406/2025. (XI. 4.)) adopted on 4 November 2025 sets out measures to strengthen Hungary's national AI strategy and accelerate priority AI development areas. It mandates institutional coordination, the appointment of AI focal points across ministries and regional government offices, preparation of implementation frameworks and test environments, and targeted actions for healthcare, urban technologies and regional cooperation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Government Resolution on measures to strengthen domestic 人工智能 strategy and priority development areas (A mesterséges intelligencia hazai stratégiai megerősítését és kiemelt fejlesztési területeit szolgáló intézkedésekről)", "description_zh": "人工智能 法律 in Hungary: A government resolution (1406/2025. (XI. 4.)) adopted on 4 November 2025 sets out measures to strengthen Hungary's national 人工智能 strategy and accelerate priority 人工智能 development areas. It mandates institutional coordination, the appointment of 人工智能 focal points across ministries and regional government offices, preparation of implementation frameworks and test environments, and targeted actions for healthcare, urban technologies and regional cooperation...." }, { "title": "Government Resolution on measures promoting international cooperation supporting AI development (A mesterséges intelligencia fejlesztését támogató nemzetközi együttműködést előmozdító intézkedésekről)", "url": "https://nkfih.gov.hu/hivatalrol/online-sajto/magyarorszag-180603-13", "description": "AI law in Hungary: This Government Resolution (1404/2025. (XI. 4.)) sets out measures to promote international cooperation to support the development and deployment of artificial intelligence in Hungary. It tasks the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Ministry of National Economy, the Ministry responsible for Culture and Innovation and the HIPA investment agency with integrating AI into foreign policy, pursuing bilateral and multilateral cooperation with priority partners, and assessing the country’s investment environment for data centres and AI-related foreign direct investment. (njt.hu)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Government Resolution on measures promoting international cooperation supporting 人工智能 development (A mesterséges intelligencia fejlesztését támogató nemzetközi együttműködést előmozdító intézkedésekről)", "description_zh": "人工智能 法律 in Hungary: This Government Resolution (1404/2025. (XI. 4.)) sets out measures to promote international cooperation to support the development and deployment of 人工智能 in Hungary. It tasks the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the Ministry of National Economy, the Ministry responsible for Culture and Innovation and the HIPA investment agency with integrating 人工智能 into foreign policy, pursuing bilateral and multilateral cooperation with priority partners, and assessing the country’s investment environment for data centres and 人工智能-related foreign direct investment. (njt.hu)..." }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "Hungary sets legal framework for responsible AI", "url": "https://www.parlament.hu/documents/d/guest/plenaristaj20251021", "description": "A folytatáshoz felhasználói hitelesítés szükséges. Kérjük, írja be a képen látható szöveget.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hungary sets legal framework for responsible 人工智能", "description_zh": "Hungary has enacted its first Artificial Intelligence Act, known as Act LXXV of 2025, to create a secure and transparent legal framework for responsible 人工智能 use. This legislation aligns with the EU 人工智能 Act and Hungary's updated 人工智能 Strategy from September 2025. The 法律 designates specific authorities to certify 人工智能 system compliance and oversee market surveillance, ensuring 法律ful application. Additionally, it establishes the Hungarian Artificial Intelligence Council, led by the government commissioner for 人工智能, to monitor technological developments, provide policy 建议, and engage with stakeholders across research, business, and social sectors.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Hungarian Competition Authority concludes investigation into Microsoft's Bing AI feature", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2025-os-sajtokozlemenyek/magyarul-tanitja-a-microsoft-a-mesterseges-intelligenciat-a-gvh-nak-koszonhetoen", "description": "A globális technológiai óriásvállalat 10 milliárdnyi magyar szó felhasználásával fejleszti saját MI alapú rendszereit, és az adatokat más fejlesztők számára is ingyenesen hozzáférhetővé teszi", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hungarian Competition Authority concludes 调查 into Microsoft's Bing 人工智能 feature", "description_zh": "The Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) has concluded an 调查 into Microsoft Ireland Operations Limited regarding the 人工智能-based Bing search service, accepting binding commitments from Microsoft without formally establishing a legal infringement. The GVH's concerns stemmed from potentially inadequate, fragmented, and partially English-only information provided to Hungarian consumers about Bing's 人工智能 functionalities, which were integrated in February 2023. In response, Microsoft has voluntarily committed to significantly improve transparency and support the development of Hungarian-language 人工智能. This includes training its 人工智能 systems with a cleaned dataset of at least 10 billion Hungarian words and making this dataset freely accessible to other developers. Additionally, Microsoft will undertake educational initiatives aimed at public officials, small businesses, and consumers. The GVH will closely monitor the implementation of these commitments and reserves the right to impose 罚款s for any non-compliance.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Hungarian Competition Authority launches inquiry into impact of AI on competition", "url": "https://www.gvh.hu/sajtoszoba/sajtokozlemenyek/2024-es-sajtokozlemenyek/gvh-a-mesterseges-intelligencia-alkalmazasa-novelheti-a-magyar-vallalkozasok-versenykepesseget", "description": "Konkrét és célzott állami beavatkozások szükségesek ahhoz, hogy a MI technológiában rejlő lehetőségek széles körben kiaknázhatók legyenek", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hungarian Competition Authority launches 调查 into impact of 人工智能 on competition", "description_zh": "The Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) has published the findings of its market analysis on the effects of 人工智能 on competition and consumer protection. The analysis found that (1) the rapid adoption of 人工智能 could disadvantage small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) if they do not begin utilising these technologies; (2) proposals for several state interventions to optimise the use of 人工智能 across sectors, particularly in banking and telecommunications; and (3) the need for increased technological knowledge, adequate capital, and a competent workforce to enhance the competitiveness of domestic businesses, especially SMEs.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 17, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "348" }, { "id": "IN", "title": "India", "entries": [ { "title": "The world's first comprehensive AI regulation comes into force", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/article/the-world-s-first-comprehensive-ai-regulation-comes-into-force", "description": "The Commission opened a call for ... their say on the first Code of Practice under the AI Act. The majority of the AI Act's rules will start applying on 2 August 2026....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Maharashtra Government Announces Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026 to Boost Investment and Jobs | DD News On Air", "url": "https://www.newsonair.gov.in/maharashtra-government-announces-artificial-intelligence-policy-2026-to-boost-investment-and-jobs/", "description": "The Maharashtra government today announced Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026, aimed at boosting investment, innovation and employment in the state. The decision was taken at a cabinet meeting chaired by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis in Mumbai. Under the policy, the state expects investments ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Rajasthan Cabinet approves AI-ML Policy 2026, promotes ethical and responsible AI", "url": "https://ddnews.gov.in/en/rajasthan-cabinet-approves-ai-ml-policy-2026-promotes-ethical-and-responsible-ai/", "description": "The Rajasthan Cabinet has approved the Rajasthan Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (AI-ML) Policy-2026, marking a significant step in positioning the state as a hub for technology-driven investment and innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-09", "title": "Requirements for Indian Cab Aggregator (CA) Platforms", "url": "https://www.cci.gov.in/economics-research/market-studies/details/40/1", "description": "On 9 September 2022, the Competition Commission of India, following the \"Market Study on Cab Aggregator Industry: With Special Emphasis on Surge Pricing\", issued a notice requiring Indian cab aggregators (CA) to take self-regulatory measures to implement transparency and information symmetry. The notice also calls for clear and transparent policies on the use, maintenance and sharing of data.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-25", "title": "Content moderation rules in Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/digital-media-guidelines-and-policies", "description": "The India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 which include the requirement for \"significant social media intermediaries\" to moderate content and block access if it is unlawful under any law or in relation to the interest of the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, the friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality. In case ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-25", "title": "Data retention requirement in Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/digital-media-guidelines-and-policies", "description": "On 25 February 2021, the India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 which include the requirement for \"significant social media intermediaries\" to retain user information for 6 months if the user cancels its registration from the service. The entities that have above 5 million registered users are classified as “significant social media intermediaries” and will have to comply w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-25", "title": "User identification disclosure requirement in Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Intermediary_Guidelines_and_Digital_Media_Ethics_Code_Rules-2021.pdf", "description": "The India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 which include the requirement for \"significant social media intermediaries\" to disclose user information to courts and authorized government bodies if requested.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-14", "title": "Proposed data residency requirement for cloud service providers in Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Recommendations on Cloud Services", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/Recommendations_CS_14092020_0.pdf", "description": "Recommendations on Cloud Services by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India include obligation to store all data in India to enter the new industry body for all cloud service providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-25", "title": "Content moderation rules for OTT service providers in Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Intermediary_Guidelines_and_Digital_Media_Ethics_Code_Rules-2021.pdf", "description": "The India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 which include the requirement for OTT service providers to classify content in categories related to the audience age (U, U/A 13+, U/A16+, A). Providers must implement age verification mechanisms and control measures to restrict minors from accessing certain content.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-20", "title": "BIS data protection standard", "url": "https://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223869.pdf", "description": "The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) issues new data privacy standards (IS 17428). The standards act as a certification for organisations and are divided into two parts: (i) the binding IS Requirements (Engineering and Management Requirements) which set forth the basic requirements to assure data privacy within businesses in India, (ii) the non-binding IS Guidelines that offer guidance on how to implement the aforementioned requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-10", "title": "Indian Cyber Security in Power Sector Guidelines", "url": "https://cea.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/notification/2021/10/Guidelines_on_Cyber_Security_in_Power_Sector_2021-1.pdf", "description": "The Cyber Security in Power Sector Guidelines are adopted by India’s power ministry. The guidelines aim to force companies operating in the power sector to review and update their information and communication equipment. In particular, the guidelines ask the companies to adhere to a series of cybersecurity principles, appoint a Chief Information Security Officer, identify critical information infrastructure, prepare a series of crisis plans and train staff on cybersecurity .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-03", "title": "Framework for Fairness Assessment of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Systems", "url": "https://tec.gov.in/pdf/Whatsnew/Letter%20TEC%20AI%20Fairness%20Asessment%20seeking%20inputs%202022_02_22.pdf", "description": "On 8 March 2022, the Indian Department of Telecommunications closed the public consultation on the Framework for Fairness Assessment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) Systems. The goal of the consultation was to collect potential framing procedures for assessing fairness in different AI and ML systems, in order to develop a Voluntary Fairness Assessment for AI and ML systems. The key issue to be tackled was discrimination by AI and ML systems due to unintended bias.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-09-25", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in CERT-In Cybersecurity Directive", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1837487", "description": "On 25 September 2022, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) \"relating to information security practices, procedure, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents\" enters into force for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The directive introduces obligations regarding the notification and mitigation of data breaches, data storage and user identification. Regarding data breaches, all service providers, intermediaries and data centres must report cyber incidents wi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-08", "title": "Interoperability requirements in Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (Bill No. 373 of 2019)", "url": "https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-personal-data-protection-bill-2019", "description": "On 3 August 2022, the Indian Government withdrew the Personal Data Protection Bill (2019) which had been pending in the House (Lok Sabha). The Bill would have introduced interoperability requirements for social media intermediaries. In particular, The Bill would have required entities to enable online users to interact with users from other platforms and share information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-08", "title": "Registration requirement for data fiduciaries in Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (Bill No. 373 of 2019)", "url": "https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-personal-data-protection-bill-2019", "description": "On 3 August 2022, the Indian Government withdrew the Personal Data Protection Bill (2019) which had been pending in the House (Lok Sabha). The Bill would have required businesses to register themselves with the Data Protection Authority if they would meet the criteria to be classified as significant data fiduciaries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-20", "title": "Consumer protection investigation into Ola and Uber", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1826940", "description": "On 20 May 2022, the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) of India issued notices to the online ride-hailing platforms Ola and Uber regarding unfair trade practices and violations of consumer rights. The notices are based on 2482 grievances filed against Ola and 770 grievances against Uber between 1 April 2021 and 1 May 2022, the main issues being deficiencies in service, inadequate redressal mechanisms, unreasonable cancellation charges, lack of algorithm information, and additional c...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-06", "title": "National Data Governance Framework Policy", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National%20Data%20Governance%20Framework%20Policy_26%20May%202022.pdf", "description": "On 11 June 2022, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology closed the public consultation on the draft National Data Governance Framework Policy. The draft policy proposes the creation of an initiative regarding datasets of non-personal of citizens for use by governmental and private organisations to enhance services. It further covers the processes and standards that must be followed to guarantee that non-personal and anonymised data from both government and commercial en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-21", "title": "India order banning YouTube channels and websites over alleged false information dissemination", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1783804", "description": "On 21 December 2021, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued several orders to social media and news companies to block access to twenty channels on YouTube and 2 webpages. The MIB noted that those twenty YouTube channels were spreading “anti-India propaganda” and false information. The MIB decision follows the adoption of the Information Technology Rules on 2 February 2021, giving the ministry the power to restrict access to content during emergencies where “no delay...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-11", "title": "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Telecommunication Sector", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1869977", "description": "On 4 November 2022, the extended consultation period for the paper titled “Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Big Data in Telecommunication Sector” was closed. The Paper was published by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) and elaborates on potential uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BD) in telecommunications, and it also details the opportunities and risks involved in their use.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-01", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://innovateindia.mygov.in/digital-data-protection/", "description": "On 2 January 2023, the public consultation on the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Bill 2022, which includes cybersecurity requirements, closed. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) extended the deadline for submitting comments from 17 December 2022 to 2 January 2023. The Bill would amend the Information Technology Act of 2000 and the Right to Information Act of 2005 and would apply to data collected online and data collected offline then digitised within Ind...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-06-04", "title": "Gaming content moderation in Amendments to the IT (Intermediary Guidelines & Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 in relation to online gaming", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1914358", "description": "On 6 April 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the amendments to the “Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021” in relation to online gaming and the spread of false and misleading information regarding government business. Under the amendments, online gaming intermediaries will be required to make reasonable efforts not to host, publish or share any online game that can cause the user harm or that has no...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-04", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Amendment to the IT (Intermediary Guidelines & Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1914358", "description": "On 6 April 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted the amendments to the \"Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021\" in relation to online gaming and the spread of false and misleading information regarding government business. The amended rules clarify social media and other intermediaries' obligations in regard to the distribution of information that the Government classifies as \"false\", \"untrue\", or \"misle...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Competition Commission of India investigation into Whatsapp privacy update", "url": "https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2026/1370/1370_2026_1_5_67887_Order_03-Feb-2026.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the Supreme Court of India admitted Civil Appeal Nos. 301–302/2026 and connected appeals filed by Meta Platforms against the Competition Commission of India’s decision imposing a penalty of INR 2.1314 billion and issuing data-sharing directions in relation to the 2021 WhatsApp privacy policy update. The appeals challenge the legality of the penalty and the associated remedies concerning user data sharing for advertising purposes. The Supreme Court directed that the Union o...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-22", "title": "SEBI: Advisory on cybersecurity best practices", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/feb-2023/advisory-for-sebi-regulated-entities-res-regarding-cybersecurity-best-practices_68334.html", "description": "On 22 February 2023, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) published an advisory regarding cybersecurity best practices addressed to SEBI-regulated entities, aiming to reduce cyber security risks and enable efficient and effective response and recovery from cyber incidents in order to limit any related financial stability risks. Recommendations from SEBI include the implementation of measures against phishing attacks, adopting measures for data protection and data breaches, implem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-14", "title": "India-US cooperation on emerging technologies", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1916521", "description": "On 14 April 2023, during a meeting between India Union Minister of Science and Technology Jitendra Singh and US Senator Todd Young, both sides agreed to enhance bilateral cooperation in various domains such as artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, cybersecurity, semiconductors, emerging technologies, among other scientific areas. Minister Singh highlighted the importance of scientific research to the current administration under Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The meeting took place du...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-24", "title": "IRDAI Information and Cyber Security Guidelines", "url": "https://irdai.gov.in/hi/document-detail?documentId=3314780", "description": "On 24 April 2023, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) issued revised cybersecurity guidelines for insurers and insurance intermediaries. The revised guidelines specify the obligations of insurer and intermediaries regarding organisation cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-10", "title": "Reserve Bank of India (Outsourcing of Information Technology Services) Directions, 2023", "url": "https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12486&Mode=0#MD", "description": "On 1 October 2023, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) implemented the Reserve Bank of India (Outsourcing of Information Technology Services) Directions, 2023. The Directions seek to regulate the risks associated with increased outsourcing of services by Regulated Entities (REs) in the financial system. The Directions set out requirements that REs wishing to outsource IT services must follow, including evaluating the need for outsourcing, enacting an outsourcing policy, conducting due diligence o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-04", "title": "TRAI Paper on Encouraging Innovative Technologies, Services, Use Cases, and Business Models through Regulatory Sandbox in Digital Communication Sector", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/notifications/press-release/trai-releases-recommendations-encouraging-innovative-technologies", "description": "On 12 April 2024, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) adopted its recommendations for a Regulatory Sandbox (RS) framework aimed at supporting innovation in the digital communication sector. This initiative, responding to a request from the Department of Telecommunications dated 10 March 2023, seeks to facilitate the testing of new technologies, services, use cases, and business models in live network environments. The RS framework is designed to provide real-time, regulated acce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-08", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in India Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/PassedBothHouses/data%20protection818202332045PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 11 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act entered into force after receiving Presidential assent. The Act allows the transfer of personal data but enables the Central Government to restrict data transfers to foreign countries or territories outside India through a notification.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-18", "title": "India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership in the areas of digital economy, technology and innovation", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.sa/ar/node/104945", "description": "On 18 August 2023, the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) announced that they had signed a collaboration agreement with India, focusing on the digital economy, technology and innovation. The agreement aims to enhance cooperation in areas such as digital infrastructure, e-health, and e-learning while strengthening the Kingdom's position as a centre for technology and innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-12", "title": "Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1976200", "description": "On 9 December 2023, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting closed the public consultation on the Draft Broadcasting Services (Regulation) Bill. This Bill aims to update the legal framework for broadcasting services, replacing the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act of 1995. The draft Bill would extend the regulatory scope to include not only cable and satellite broadcasting networks but also over-the-top (OTT) content and digital news, introducing new definitions and considerat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-20", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting advisory on misinformation and disinformation", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/20-1-2024.pdf", "description": "On 20 January 2024, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting adopted an advisory regarding misinformation and disinformation, specifically concerning the Ram Lalla Pran Pratishtha at Ayodhya. The advisory concerns newspapers, private satellite TV channels, publishers of news and current affairs on digital media, and social media platforms. The advisory urges these entities to refrain from publishing or broadcasting any content that may be false, manipulated, or has the potential to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "title": "Complex Adaptive System Framework for AI Regulation", "url": "https://eacpm.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/EACPM_AI_WP-1.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister of India (EAC-PM) outlined a novel framework for regulating artificial intelligence (AI) based on the principles of a complex adaptive system (CAS). The framework proposes five fundamental principles, namely establishing guardrails and partitions, mandating manual \"overrides\" and \"authorisation chokepoints\", ensuring transparency and explainability, defining clear lines of AI accountability, and creating a specialist regu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-21", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting advisory concerning content moderation for online advertising providers", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2015952", "description": "On 21 March 2024, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued an advisory concerning content moderation for online gambling content. The advisory aims to restrict the publication and broadcasting of advertisements for offshore online betting and gambling platforms, including surrogate advertisements, to the Indian audience. The advisory is in line with the Central Consumer Protection Authority's guidelines regarding the illegality of offshore online betting and gambling p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-08", "title": "MeitY grievance appellate committee investigations under Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2040939", "description": "On 2 August 2024, the Ministry for Electronic & Information Technology (MeitY) reported that under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules), intermediaries, including significant social media platforms, are obliged to ensure accountability for a safe and trusted internet. MeitY reported that from 1 March 2023 to 30 June 2024, 1’065 cases were filed with the Grievance Appellate Committees (GAC), and 937 of these cases were dispos...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Data protection regulation in Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/(S(tg3nubbhowstyiwkmaeck1jz))/ViewPDF.aspx", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issued the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules implementing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023. The rules outline the principles governing consent, data fiduciaries' responsibilities, and the security measures required to safeguard personal data. The measures include encryption, access control, and ensuring transparency in data collection. The rules contain provisions on the registration and obligatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology AI governance guidelines", "url": "https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/nov/doc2025115685601.pdf", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) released the India artificial intelligence (AI) governance guidelines. The guidelines set out seven guiding principles, trust is the foundation, people first, fairness and equity, innovation over restraint, accountability, understandable by design, and safety, resilience & sustainability. It proposes recommendations across six pillars, infrastructure, capacity building, policy and regulation, risk mitigation, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-25", "title": "Indonesia and India Memorandum of Understanding on digital technologies including artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/indonesia-dan-india-jalin-aliansi-strategis-di-bidang-digital", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-01-25 for India concerning Indonesia and India Memorandum of Understanding on digital technologies including artificial intelligence. See the linked komdigi.go.id source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Government access to data regulation in Digital Personal Data Protection Rules 2025", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/(S(tg3nubbhowstyiwkmaeck1jz))/ViewPDF.aspx", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issued the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules implementing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023. Rule 23 stipulates that the Government may request that a Data Fiduciary or Intermediary provide specific information via an authorised individual listed in the Seventh Schedule. Should the disclosure of such information potentially compromise India's sovereignty, integrity, or security, the Data Fiduciary...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-08", "title": "Government access to data provisions in Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/PassedBothHouses/data%20protection818202332045PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 11 August 2023, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, including government access to data, received the assent of the President. The provisions apply to data fiduciaries, including private entities processing personal data, with exemptions for government agencies. Key provisions include mandatory disclosure to the State when legally required, and compliance with judicial or foreign legal orders. It provides that law enforcement and national security bodies may access data for crime pre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology's AIKosha and IndiaAI Compute Portal Initiative", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2108961", "description": "On 6 March 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched AIKosha as part of the IndiaAI Mission, with the objective of supporting machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) development in India. AIKosha is a platform that provides over 300 datasets, 80 AI models, AI sandbox capabilities, tools, and tutorials within an integrated development environment. Additionally, the IndiaAI Compute Portal was introduced to offer AI compute, network, storage, pl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Indonesia and India joint statement on partnerships on 5G and AI", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/indonesia-india-siapkan-lompatan-5g-dan-ai", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the governments of Indonesia and India issued a joint statement to explore bilateral cooperation in the fields of 5G and artificial intelligence (AI). The initiative aims to strengthen collaboration on digital infrastructure, including internet and telecommunications services, and to support the development and deployment of machine learning and AI technologies. The agreement reflects shared national priorities for digital transformation and technological self-reliance, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Securities and Exchange Board guidelines for responsible use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in security markets", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/reports-and-statistics/reports/jun-2025/consultation-paper-on-guidelines-for-responsible-usage-of-ai-ml-in-indian-securities-markets_94687.html", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) closes the consultation on the draft on the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the securities markets. The guidelines apply to SEBI-regulated entities using AI/ML in business operations that may directly impact clients, including algorithmic trading, asset management, and advisory services, while a lighter framework is proposed for internal use cases. The draft sets out obligations aro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-05", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting advisory urging discontinuation of content originating from Pakistan", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-05/advisory_pakistan_origin_content_08052025nt_.pdf", "description": "On 8 May 2025, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India adopted an advisory under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, directing Over-The-Top platforms, media streaming services, and intermediaries to immediately discontinue content originating from Pakistan. The advisory, citing recent cross-border terrorist attacks including one in Pahalgam on 22 April 2025, invokes provisions requiring platforms to exercise discretion ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-26", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Notification of Significant Social Media Intermediary Threshold under Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/02/Gazette-Significant-social-media-threshold.pdf", "description": "On 26 February 2021, the India Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology adopted a notification under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 specifying the threshold for a social media intermediary to be considered as a \"significant social media intermediaries\", who are subject to additional obligations. Specifically, social media intermediaries with fifty lakh (5 million) registered users in India will be considered to be signi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-14", "title": "Public lawsuit challenging constitutionality of Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 (Agij v India)", "url": "https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/generatepdf.php%3Fbhcpar%3DcGF0aD0uL3dyaXRlcmVhZGRhdGEvZGF0YS9vcmlnaW5hbC8yMDIxLyZmbmFtZT1GMjY2ODAwMTQyMDQyMDIxXzYucGRmJnNtZmxhZz1OJnJqdWRkYXRlPSZ1cGxvYWRkdD0xNC8wOC8yMDIxJnNwYXNzcGhyYXNlPTE5MDgyMTExNTMyOQ%3D%3D&ved=2ahUKEwjN-Jn-gueOAxXA_7sIHRY9ORAQFnoECBgQAQ&usg=AOvVaw28qOd9l6XnKPaZJmpbbN8d", "description": "On 14 August 2021, the Bombay High Court issued an interim ruling in a public lawsuit challenging constitutionality of Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 (Agij v India). Specifically, the Court issued a stay on sub-rules (1) and (3) of Rule 9, requiring publishers of online content to adhere to a Code of Ethics. The petitioners to the case submitted that the Rules were incompatible with Article 14, 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g) of the Indian Cons...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting investigation into OTT platforms over dissemination of prohibited content", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2150335", "description": "On 30 July 2025, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) announced that 43 over-the-top (OTT) platforms have been blocked due to the dissemination of fake news, misinformation, and prohibited content. Acting under the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, the MIB cited violations of the Code of Ethics applicable to digital news publishers and online curated content providers. These inclu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "Reserve Bank's report on Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PublicationReport/Pdfs/FREEAIR130820250A24FF2D4578453F824C72ED9F5D5851.PDF?", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the FREE- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Committee Report, establishing a framework for responsible and ethical enablement of AI in the financial sector. The framework applies to all RBI-regulated entities, including banks, Non-Banking Financial Company and financial technology operations. The framework is built on seven foundational principles, including innovation, fairness, accountability, safety, resilience and sustainability. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "Japan-India Digital Partnership 2.0", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2025/08/20250829006/20250829006.html", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India signed the Memorandum of Cooperation on the Japan-India Digital Partnership 2.0. The agreement outlines structured collaboration across eight areas, including the semiconductor ecosystem, artificial intelligence, digital corporate partnerships, digital public infrastructure, digital talent, research and development cooperation, start-up collaboration and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "title": "Competition Commission's market study on Artificial Intelligence and Competition", "url": "https://www.cci.gov.in/economics-research/market-studies/details/47/0", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Competition Commission of India released the market study report on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Competition, which analysed the dynamics of AI adoption in India, its implications for competition, and the regulatory landscape. The study focused on AI developers, startups, and user-sector companies across banking, financial services, and insurance, e-commerce, logistics, education, social media, and gaming. It highlights the AI ecosystem, including data, infrastructu...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "title": "India-United Kingdom joint statement including commitments on technology and innovation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/india-uk-joint-statement-9-october-2025", "description": "On 9 October 2025, the governments of India and the United Kingdom issued a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to advancing frontier technologies under the Technology Security Initiative (TSI). The parties committed to cooperate on artificial intelligence (AI), telecommunications, critical minerals, health technology, and biotechnology. It includes the establishment of the India–United Kingdom Connectivity and Innovation Centre, supported by GBP 24 million in funding, to develop six...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade committee's inquiry into copyright concerns in generative AI", "url": "https://www.dpiit.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/12/ff266bbeed10c48e3479c941484f3525.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade closes the consultation on Part 1 of the working paper on generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and copyright. The paper applies to AI system developers using copyrighted materials for training generative AI models in India. The paper recommended a hybrid model based on a mandatory blanket licence allowing AI developers to use lawfully accessed copyrighted works for training, combined with a statutory remuneratio...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill, 2025", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/59%20of%202025%20AS125202594603PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) authority governance, was introduced to the House of People of the Parliament of India. The Bill aims to establish a nationwide ethics and accountability framework for the use of AI in decision-making, surveillance, and algorithmic systems. The Bill defines AI as systems performing human-like tasks, including decision-making, language processing, and visual perception, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Authorisation of services in Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill, 2025", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/59%20of%202025%20AS125202594603PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) (Ethics and Accountability) Bill, including authorisation of services, was introduced to the House of People of the Parliament of India. The Bill aims to establish a nationwide ethics and accountability framework for the use of AI in decision-making, surveillance, and algorithmic systems. The Bill applies to developers, deployers, users of AI technologies, and other stakeholders operating across India. The Bill defines AI as systems perform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Age verification requirement in Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act (277/2024)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/277%20of%202024%20As125202591451PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act (277/2024) was introduced in the lower house of the Indian Parliament (Lok Sabha). The proposed Act amends the Digital Personal Data Protection Act of 2023. It modifies section 9 to add a requirement that the consent obtained by Data Fiduciaries from parents or guardians of minors to process minors' data be digitally authenticated. The Act specifies that the responsibility for age-verification of the responsible adult fa...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-01", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology investigation into X over alleged misuse of Grok AI to generate and disseminate obscene content", "url": "https://www.newsonair.gov.in/ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-issues-notice-to-x-seeking-removal-of-obscene-content/", "description": "On 2 January 2026, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) opened an investigation into the social media platform X and issued a notice seeking the removal of obscene content. The notice stated that the Grok AI service was being misused by users to create fake accounts used to host, generate, publish, or share obscene images or videos of women in a derogatory or vulgar manner. It stated that the platform was not adhering to the regulatory provisions under the Informatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/Asintroduced/361211202550341PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025), including artificial intelligence (AI) authority governance, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to regulate intellectual and creative outputs generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill applies to AI developers, model providers, platforms, and users of both free and paid AI models. The Bill would establish a National AI ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Artificial Intelligence (Human Health and Medical Education) Regulation Act 2026 (Bill No. XIII of 2026)", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/269916.pdf", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Artificial Intelligence (Human Health and Medical Education) Regulation Bill, 2026 (Bill No. XIII of 2026) was introduced to the Council of States. The Bill proposes a statutory framework governing the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence systems in healthcare, clinical research, and medical education, and would provide for the establishment of the National Authority for Artificial Intelligence in Human Health and Medical Education as a central r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Online Matrimonial and Dating Services (Promotion and Regulation) Bill 2026 (Bill No. VIII of 2026)", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/269916.pdf", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Online Matrimonial and Dating Services (Promotion and Regulation) Bill (Bill No. VIII of 2026) was introduced to the lower House of Parliament. The Bill would prohibit casual dating services and establish a regulatory framework for matrimonial services, including an operational licence requirement mandating registration with the Matrimonial Services Authority. The Bill would apply to online intermediaries offering dating or matrimonial services in India or targeting us...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology guidance on Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules 2026", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/10/065b6deb585441b5ccdf8be42502a49c.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) published guidance on the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2026 (G.S.R. 120(E)), providing interpretative guidance on the due diligence framework for synthetically generated information (SGI). The guidance provides clarification on the definition and scope of SGI, outlines intermediaries' obligations to deploy reasonable technical measures to preve...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2229226®=3&lang=1", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched the Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare (SAHI). The initiative applies to the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) solutions within the healthcare sector. SAHI establishes a governance framework, policy compass, and national roadmap for the responsible use of AI. The framework promotes ethical, transparent, and accountable practices while remaining people-centric, facilitating collaboration b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "Prohibition and removal of pirated content on Telegram under Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2241712&lang=1®=3&utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting disclosed in the Lok Sabha that on 11 March 2026 it had notified Telegram to remove and disable access to 3'142 channels distributing content owned by or licensed to content owners, Over-The-Top (OTT) platform operators and film producers without authorisation, in violation of the Copyright Act 1957, under Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act 2000. The section enables the government to notify intermediaries to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Turning AI ambition into action: How the OECD is engaging at India’s AI Impact Summit", "url": "", "description": "OECD at the India AI Impact Summit 2026: Advancing transparency, open-source tools and inclusive AI governance in practice", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Turning 人工智能 ambition into action: How the OECD is engaging at India’s 人工智能 Impact Summit", "description_zh": "OECD at the India 人工智能 Impact Summit 2026: Advancing transparency, open-source tools and inclusive 人工智能 governance in practice", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-15", "title": "The Global South can shape AI in practical terms: Why the India AI Impact Summit Matters", "url": "", "description": "Why the India AI Impact Summit matters for practical, inclusive AI and how the Global South can shape real-world outcomes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Global South can shape 人工智能 in practical terms: Why the India 人工智能 Impact Summit Matters", "description_zh": "Why the India 人工智能 Impact Summit matters for practical, inclusive 人工智能 and how the Global South can shape real-world outcomes.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "title": "People, Planet, Progress: An opportunity for an international agreement on AI climate sustainability at India’s AI Impact Summit 2026", "url": "", "description": "Actors at India’s AI Impact Summit 2026 can align goals to build a more sustainable future.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "People, Planet, Progress: An opportunity for an international agreement on 人工智能 climate sustainability at India’s 人工智能 Impact Summit 2026", "description_zh": "Actors at India’s 人工智能 Impact Summit 2026 can align goals to build a more sustainable future.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-25", "title": "Generative AI: Unlocking opportunities for India’s future", "url": "", "description": "Generative AI is helping Indians to obtain legal assistance, advice for agriculture and more.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Generative 人工智能: Unlocking opportunities for India’s future", "description_zh": "Generative 人工智能 is helping Indians to obtain legal assistance, advice for agriculture and more.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-02", "title": "Data from tech and social platforms underline the success of India’s AI upskilling policies", "url": "", "description": "Data from Stack Overflow, GitHub and LinkedIn tell a story of success for India’s AI upskilling policies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data from tech and social 平台s underline the success of India’s 人工智能 upskilling policies", "description_zh": "Data from Stack Overflow, GitHub and LinkedIn tell a story of success for India’s 人工智能 upskilling policies.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-30", "title": "AI for All: How India is carving its own path in the global AI race", "url": "", "description": "From identification to language technologies, India has a lot going on.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能 for All: How India is carving its own path in the global 人工智能 race", "description_zh": "From identification to language technologies, India has a lot going on.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Electronics Niketan, New Delhi - Digital India Internship Portal", "url": "https://intern.meity.gov.in/public/assets/Files/DIIS-2026.pdf", "description": "इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय · MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Electronics Niketan, New Delhi - Digital India Internship Portal", "description_zh": "इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स और सूचना प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय · MINISTRY OF ELECTRONICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY" }, { "date": "11 September 2020", "title": "357th Amendment to Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 2020", "url": "http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/223032.pdf", "description": "Publication of an amendment expanding the authority of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to the regulation and censoring of social media, digital news and streaming services.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "357th Amendment to Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 2020", "description_zh": "Publication of an amendment expanding the authority of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting to the regulation and censoring of social media, digital news and streaming services." }, { "date": "15 August 2020", "title": "Data protection regime in proposed Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture", "url": "https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-09/DEPA-Book.pdf", "description": "Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture draft policy document proposes framework of standards for protection of data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data protection regime in proposed Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture", "description_zh": "Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture draft policy document proposes framework of standards for protection of data." }, { "date": "16 December 2020", "title": "Report by the Committee of Experts on Non-Personal Data Governance Framework", "url": "https://static.mygov.in/rest/s3fs-public/mygov_160922880751553221.pdf", "description": "The Expert Committee publishes its revised recommendations on regulating non-personal data, including a distinction of the scope of the proposed new law and the Personal Data Protection Bill.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "报告 by the Committee of Experts on Non-Personal Data Governance 框架", "description_zh": "The Expert Committee publishes its revised 建议 on regulating non-个人数据, including a distinction of the scope of the proposed new 法律 and the Personal Data Protection 法案." }, { "date": "9 February 2020", "title": "Ban of Chinese mobile apps to ensure Indian cyberspace safety", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1635206", "description": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology bans 118 Chinese apps due to the unauthorized collection, and transmission of user data abroad as well as the mining and profiling of this user data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ban of Chinese mobile apps to ensure Indian cyberspace safety", "description_zh": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology bans 118 Chinese apps due to the unauthorized collection, and transmission of user data abroad as well as the mining and profiling of this user data." }, { "date": "2 May 2021", "title": "Competition rules in new e-commerce policy", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/india-ecommerce-policy-idUSKBN2B50DJ", "description": "On 5 February 2021, Indian officials announced that the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is working on a new e-commerce policy, which includes measures to ensure the impartiality of operators in dealing with sellers. The draft of the policy document notes that operators should be impartial in their dealings with sellers. It says that e-commerce operators are obliged to ensure equal treatment of all sellers/vendors operating on their platforms and not have in place algor...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Competition rules in new e-commerce policy", "description_zh": "On 5 February 2021, Indian officials announced that the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is working on a new e-commerce policy, which includes measures to ensure the impartiality of operators in dealing with sellers. The draft of the policy document notes that operators should be impartial in their dealings with sellers. It says that e-commerce operators are obliged to ensure equal treatment of all sellers/vendors operating on their 平台s and not have in place algor..." }, { "date": "8 March 2022", "title": "Data localisation obligations in Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (Bill No. 373 of 2019)", "url": "https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-personal-data-protection-bill-2019", "description": "On 3 August 2022, the Indian Government withdrew the Personal Data Protection Bill (2019) which had been pending in the House (Lok Sabha). The Bill included data residency obligations and the mandatory disclosure of cross-border data transfers for so-called \"data fiduciary\" companies. Furthermore, the Bill would have required sensitive personal data to be transferred outside India under certain circumstances but to be stored in India . Finally, the critical personal data would have been allow...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data localisation obligations in Personal Data Protection 法案, 2019 (法案 No. 373 of 2019)", "description_zh": "On 3 August 2022, the Indian Government withdrew the Personal Data Protection 法案 (2019) which had been pending in the House (Lok Sabha). The 法案 included data residency obligations and the mandatory disclosure of cross-border data transfers for so-called \"data fiduciary\" companies. Furthermore, the 法案 would have required sensitive 个人数据 to be transferred outside India under certain circumstances but to be stored in India . Finally, the critical 个人数据 would have been allow..." }, { "date": "14 September 2020", "title": "Proposed government authority to create new regulatory body in Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Recommendations on Cloud Services", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/Recommendations_CS_14092020_0.pdf", "description": "Recommendations on Cloud Services by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India give Department of Telecommunications the authority to create an industry body to regulate cloud services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Proposed government authority to create new regulatory body in Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TR人工智能) Recommendations on Cloud Services", "description_zh": "Recommendations on Cloud Services by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India give Department of Telecommunications the authority to create an industry body to regulate cloud services." }, { "date": "9 February 2021", "title": "India: Account aggregator network", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1753713", "description": "On 2 September 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the creation of an Account Aggregator network. The AA network enables data sharing in order to increase individuals' access and control over their financial data. RBI noted that it aims to expand the type of data available for sharing to include data on securities, taxes, pensions insurance, brokerage and mutual funds. The network will allow customers to access digitally their financial data and share it across institutions more s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India: Account aggregator network", "description_zh": "On 2 September 2021, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced the creation of an Account Aggregator network. The AA network enables data sharing in order to increase individuals' access and control over their financial data. RBI noted that it aims to expand the type of data available for sharing to include data on securities, taxes, pensions insurance, brokerage and mutual funds. The network will allow customers to access digitally their financial data and share it across institutions more s..." }, { "date": "15 February 2021", "title": "Guidelines on Geo-spatial services and data", "url": "https://dst.gov.in/news/guidelines-acquiring-and-producing-geospatial-data-and-geo-spatial-data-services-including-maps", "description": "The Government of India’s Department of Science & Technology has adopted the \"New Guidelines for Acquiring and Producing Geo-Spatial data and Geo-Spatial Services including Maps\". The Guidelines request foreign entities to obtain a licence to create and store geospatial data beyond a certain level of spatial accuracy. Foreign companies can use such data only to serve Indian users and subsequent reuse and resale are prohibited. Moreover, Geo-Spatial data must be stored and processed on servers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidelines on Geo-spatial services and data", "description_zh": "The Government of India’s Department of Science & Technology has adopted the \"New Guidelines for Acquiring and Producing Geo-Spatial data and Geo-Spatial Services including Maps\". The Guidelines request foreign entities to obtain a licence to create and store geospatial data beyond a certain level of spatial accuracy. Foreign companies can use such data only to serve Indian users and subsequent reuse and resale are prohibited. Moreover, Geo-Spatial data must be stored and processed on servers..." }, { "date": "4 April 2022", "title": "Blocking of social media accounts due to misinformation on Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1813603", "description": "On 4 April 2022, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued several orders to social media and news companies to block access to twenty-two YouTube channels, three Twitter accounts, one Facebook account and a news webpage. The MIB noted that those twenty-two YouTube channels were spreading “anti-Indian” content and false information regarding the “situation in Ukraine”, which could endanger India’s foreign relations. The MIB decision follows the adoption of the Informati...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blocking of social media accounts due to misinformation on Ukraine conflict", "description_zh": "On 4 April 2022, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued several orders to social media and news companies to block access to twenty-two YouTube channels, three Twitter accounts, one Facebook account and a news webpage. The MIB noted that those twenty-two YouTube channels were spreading “anti-Indian” content and false information regarding the “situation in Ukraine”, which could endanger India’s foreign relations. The MIB decision follows the adoption of the Informati..." }, { "date": "21 January 2022", "title": "India restricts access to social meida channels over alleged false information dissemination", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1791547", "description": "On 21 January 2022, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued several orders to social media and news companies to block access to thirty-five YouTube news channels, two websites, two Twitter accounts, two Instagram accounts, and one Facebook account. The MIB noted that those accounts were spreading “anti-India” content and false information. The MIB decision follows the adoption of the Information Technology Rules on 2 February 2021, giving the ministry the power to re...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India restricts access to social meida channels over alleged false information dissemination", "description_zh": "On 21 January 2022, the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) issued several orders to social media and news companies to block access to thirty-five YouTube news channels, two websites, two Twitter accounts, two Instagram accounts, and one Facebook account. The MIB noted that those accounts were spreading “anti-India” content and false information. The MIB decision follows the adoption of the Information Technology Rules on 2 February 2021, giving the ministry the power to re..." }, { "date": "21 November 2022", "title": "Standard for Online Consumer Reviews", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1877733", "description": "On 21 November 2022, the Department of Consumer Affairs of India' announced that the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) published a Standard on Online Consumer Reviews — Principles and Requirements for their Collection, Moderation and Publication (19000:2022). The Standard aims to ensure that online reviews are genuine, authentic and trustworthy. The Standard is initially subject to a voluntary phase of compliance but will eventually be applicable to every e-commerce platform publishing consume...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Standard for Online Consumer Reviews", "description_zh": "On 21 November 2022, the Department of Consumer Affairs of India' announced that the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) published a Standard on Online Consumer Reviews — Principles and Requirements for their Collection, Moderation and Publication (19000:2022). The Standard aims to ensure that 在线 reviews are genuine, authentic and trustworthy. The Standard is initially subject to a voluntary phase of compliance but will eventually be applicable to every e-commerce 平台 publishing consume..." }, { "date": "13 June 2022", "title": "Advisory on Advertisements of Online Betting Platforms", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/Advisory%20on%20online%20betting%20advertisements%2013.06.2022%282%29_0.pdf", "description": "On 13 June 2022, India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting issued an Advisory on Advertisements of Online Betting Platforms addressed to both print and electronic media service providers. The Advisory notes that a number of advertisements for online betting platforms had recently appeared in both print and electronic media. With reference to the Ministry's previous guidelines on online advertisements, the Ministry notes that betting is prohibited in many parts of the country, meaning t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Advisory on Advertisements of Online Betting Platforms", "description_zh": "On 13 June 2022, India's Ministry of Information and Broadcasting issued an Advisory on Advertisements of Online Betting Platforms addressed to both print and electronic media service providers. The Advisory notes that a number of advertisements for 在线 betting 平台s had recently appeared in both print and electronic media. With reference to the Ministry's previous 指南 on 在线 advertisements, the Ministry notes that betting is prohibited in many parts of the country, meaning t..." }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Twitter lawsuit against Government orders to take down content", "url": "https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/karjud/case_details_hck.php?params=UFdkQmZjM3lKOGY2TFZkZjkvNkVUdDJwWnVUZTFyOW9sSEgzYjdNcDNOamJzVWU2azA2WGhDMmU2RVlvNjAzY1RZYVF3UUhjNEc1UmtEbFpZRG5ZdWc9PQ==", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the High Court of Karnataka dismissed a lawsuit filed by Twitter challenging the Indian government's orders to delete content that was classified as endangering public order. The take-down order referred to the tweets posted during the 2021 Indian farmers' protest. In its lawsuit, Twitter challenged the application of section 69(A) of the Information Technology Act, which allows the government to issue orders to block public access to online content that \"threatens the securi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Twitter 法律suit against Government orders to take down content", "description_zh": "On 30 June 2023, the High Court of Karnataka dismissed a 法律suit filed by Twitter challenging the Indian government's orders to delete content that was classified as endangering public order. The take-down order referred to the tweets posted during the 2021 Indian farmers' protest. In its 法律suit, Twitter challenged the application of section 69(A) of the Information Technology Act, which allows the government to issue orders to block public access to 在线 content that \"threatens the securi..." }, { "date": "24 November 2020", "title": "Orders blocking access to mobile applications in India", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1675335", "description": "On 24 November 2020, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) issued an order blocking 43 mobile applications, including AliExpress and Lalamove India- Delivery App.The MEITY noted that the mobile applications stole and transmitted the personal data of Indian users to servers outside the country without prior authorization. Furthermore, the MEITY stated that the data transfer represents a threat to India's sovereignty, integrity and the privacy of its citizens. Resultant...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Orders blocking access to mobile applications in India", "description_zh": "On 24 November 2020, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) issued an order blocking 43 mobile applications, including AliExpress and Lalamove India- Delivery App.The MEITY noted that the mobile applications stole and transmitted the 个人数据 of Indian users to servers outside the country without prior authorization. Furthermore, the MEITY stated that the data transfer represents a threat to India's sovereignty, integrity and the 隐私 of its citizens. Resultant..." }, { "date": "8 October 2022", "title": "Data Localisation Requirements in Regulatory Framework for Digital Lending", "url": "https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=54187", "description": "On 10 August 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (\"RBI\") launched its regulatory framework for digital lending, which includes requirements on data localisation and storage. The framework is based on the report of the Working Group on digital lending, including lending through online platforms and mobile apps. According to Annex 1 of the framework, companies should ensure that all data is stored on India-based servers while complying with regulatory directions and legal obligations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data Localisation Requirements in Regulatory 框架 for Digital Lending", "description_zh": "On 10 August 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (\"RBI\") launched its regulatory framework for digital lending, which includes requirements on data localisation and storage. The framework is based on the report of the Working Group on digital lending, including lending through 在线 平台s and mobile apps. According to Annex 1 of the framework, companies should ensure that all data is stored on India-based servers while complying with regulatory directions and legal obligations." }, { "date": "16 August 2022", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India issues order blocking 8 YouTube channels", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1852785", "description": "On 16 August 2022, the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting of India issued orders to block eight YouTube-based news channels, such as Loktantra TV, Sarkari Update, and AM Razvi. The Ministry stated that the YouTube channels used forged thumbnails to mislead the viewers and that the videos contained false and sensitive content detrimental to communal harmony, public order, and India’s foreign relations.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India issues order blocking 8 YouTube channels", "description_zh": "On 16 August 2022, the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting of India issued orders to block eight YouTube-based news channels, such as Loktantra TV, Sarkari Update, and AM Razvi. The Ministry stated that the YouTube channels used forged thumbnails to mislead the viewers and that the videos contained false and sensitive content detrimental to communal harmony, public order, and India’s foreign relations." }, { "date": "9 February 2022", "title": "Guidelines on Digital Lending", "url": "https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12382&Mode=0", "description": "On 2 September 2022, the Reserve Bank of India, the country's central bank, adopted the Guidelines on Digital Lending, outlining data protection provisions that banks and other non-banking financial institutions issuing digital loans have to comply with when outsourcing parts of the creditworthiness assessment process to third parties. The Guidelines elaborate on the Regulatory Framework for Digital Lending adopted in August 2022. The Guidelines specify that data collection by the lender is b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guidelines on Digital Lending", "description_zh": "On 2 September 2022, the Reserve Bank of India, the country's central bank, adopted the Guidelines on Digital Lending, outlining 数据保护 provisions that banks and other non-banking financial institutions issuing digital loans have to comply with when outsourcing parts of the creditworthiness assessment process to third parties. The Guidelines elaborate on the Regulatory 框架 for Digital Lending adopted in August 2022. The Guidelines specify that data collection by the lender is b..." }, { "date": "30 August 2022", "title": "Direction issued to Telegram by the Delhi High Court to disclose user data of copyright infringers", "url": "http://delhihighcourt.nic.in/dhcqrydisp_O.asp?pn=233374&yr=2022", "description": "On 30 August 2022, the High Court of New Delhi, India, instructed Telegram FZ LLC to disclose user data of copyright infringers. In this case, the Plaintiffs filed the suit seeking an injunction restraining copyright infringement about unauthorized dissemination of the Plaintiffs’ videos, lectures, and books. Telegram contended that its data centers and servers are located outside India, and that Telegram uses a distributed physical infrastructure and is thereby bound by the provisions of the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Direction issued to Telegram by the Delhi High Court to disclose user data of copyright infringers", "description_zh": "On 30 August 2022, the High Court of New Delhi, India, instructed Telegram FZ LLC to disclose user data of copyright infringers. In this case, the Plaintiffs filed the suit seeking an injunction restraining copyright infringement about unauthorized dissemination of the Plaintiffs’ videos, lectures, and books. Telegram contended that its data centers and servers are located outside India, and that Telegram uses a distributed physical infrastructure and is thereby bound by the provisions of the..." }, { "date": "24 December 2023", "title": "Emergency communications powers in Telecommunication Bill", "url": "https://rashtrapatibhavan.gov.in/bills-assented-president", "description": "On 24 December 2023, the Telecommunications Bill 2023, including emergency communications powers, was signed into law by the Indian President. The Bill aims to establish a system to respond to public emergencies and situations in the interest of public safety. The government will be empowered to take temporary control of telecommunications services and networks to ensure efficient response and communication during such emergencies. Furthermore, a mechanism can be established to prioritise com...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Emergency communications powers in Telecommunication 法案", "description_zh": "On 24 December 2023, the Telecommunications 法案 2023, including emergency communications powers, was signed into 法律 by the Indian President. The 法案 aims to establish a system to respond to public emergencies and situations in the interest of public safety. The government will be empowered to take temporary control of telecommunications services and networks to ensure efficient response and communication during such emergencies. Furthermore, a mechanism can be established to prioritise com..." }, { "date": "18 November 2022", "title": "Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Recommendations on Regulatory Framework for Data Centres", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/Recommendations_18112022_0.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2022, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India issued the “Recommendations on Regulatory Framework for Promoting Data Economy through Establishment of Data Centres, Content Delivery Networks, and Interconnect Exchanges in India”. Notably, the Authority recommends the implementation of a Data Centre Incentivisation Scheme for establishing Data Centres (DC) and Data Centre Parks and to operationalise a DC-specific portal on a National Single Window System. The Recommendations co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TR人工智能) Recommendations on Regulatory 框架 for Data Centres", "description_zh": "On 18 November 2022, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India issued the “Recommendations on Regulatory 框架 for Promoting Data Economy through Establishment of Data Centres, Content Delivery Networks, and Interconnect Exchanges in India”. Notably, the Authority recommends the implementation of a Data Centre Incentivisation Scheme for establishing Data Centres (DC) and Data Centre Parks and to operationalise a DC-specific portal on a National Single Window System. The Recommendations co..." }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "Fact Check Unit flagging of allegedly false online information", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1890650", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the Fact Check Unit of the Press Information Bureau under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting of India exposed 6 channels on YouTube for spreading fake news about the Election Commission, Supreme Court, Parliament, and the Government of India. The Fact Check Unit found that the channels, whose videos had a total of 500 million views, mislead viewers by using fake and sensational thumbnails and images of television news anchors in order to drive traffic to their chan...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Fact Check Unit flagging of allegedly false 在线 information", "description_zh": "On 12 January 2023, the Fact Check Unit of the Press Information Bureau under the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting of India exposed 6 channels on YouTube for spreading fake news about the Election Commission, Supreme Court, Parliament, and the Government of India. The Fact Check Unit found that the channels, whose videos had a total of 500 million views, mislead viewers by using fake and sensational thumbnails and images of television news anchors in order to drive traffic to their chan..." }, { "date": "25 September 2022", "title": "Data localisation requirement in CERT-In Cybersecurity Directive", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1837487", "description": "On 25 September 2022, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) \"relating to information security practices, procedure, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents\" enters into force for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The directive introduces obligations regarding the notification and mitigation of data breaches, data storage and user identification. Regarding data storage, all providers must store logs of their ICT securely for a rolling period of 180 days w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data localisation requirement in CERT-In Cybersecurity Directive", "description_zh": "On 25 September 2022, the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In) \"relating to information security practices, procedure, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents\" enters into force for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The directive introduces obligations regarding the notification and mitigation of data breaches, data storage and user identification. Regarding data storage, all providers must store logs of their ICT securely for a rolling period of 180 days w..." }, { "date": "24 August 2022", "title": "RBI investigation into American Express Banking Corp over alleged non-compliance with data localisation requirements", "url": "https://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=54253", "description": "On 24 August 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lifted the restrictions on American Express Banking Corp, following the company's compliance with the localisation requirement for payment system data. On 23 April 2021, the RBI issued an order forbidding American Express Banking from onboarding new domestic customers from 1 May 2021 due to its non-compliance with the directive on the storage of payment system data. The directive requires all payment system providers to store the payment dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "RBI 调查 into American Express Banking Corp over alleged non-compliance with data localisation requirements", "description_zh": "On 24 August 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lifted the restrictions on American Express Banking Corp, following the company's compliance with the localisation requirement for payment system data. On 23 April 2021, the RBI issued an order forbidding American Express Banking from onboarding new domestic customers from 1 May 2021 due to its non-compliance with the directive on the storage of payment system data. The directive requires all payment system providers to store the payment dat..." }, { "date": "4 January 2020", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in RBI Guidelines on Regulation of Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways", "url": "https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/NT17460E0944781414C47951B6D79AE4B211C.PDF", "description": "On 1 April 2020, the Guidelines on the Regulation of Payment Aggregators (PAs) and Payment Gateways (PGs) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) were implemented. The Guidelines include a series of technology-related recommendations, which are considered mandatory for PAs and recommended for PGs. The cybersecurity requirements span a variety of sectors, including information security and IT governance, data and cryptography standards, reporting, periodic auditing, risk assessment, vendor r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cybersecurity requirements in RBI Guidelines on Regulation of Payment Aggregators and Payment Gateways", "description_zh": "On 1 April 2020, the Guidelines on the Regulation of Payment Aggregators (PAs) and Payment Gateways (PGs) issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) were implemented. The Guidelines include a series of technology-related 建议, which are considered mandatory for PAs and recommended for PGs. The 网络安全 requirements span a variety of sectors, including information security and IT governance, data and cryptography standards, reporting, periodic auditing, risk assessment, vendor r..." }, { "date": "8 November 2022", "title": "Financial data localisation requirement in Companies (Accounts) Fourth Amendment Rules, 2022", "url": "https://www.mca.gov.in/bin/ebook/dms/getdocument?doc=MTcyODIyOTI0&docCategory=Notifications&type=open", "description": "On 11 August 2022, the Companies (Accounts) Fourth Amendment Rules 2022, amending the data localisation requirements for “books of accounts” under the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014, were implemented following their publication in the Official Gazette. In particular, the Amendment requires “books of account” and documents containing relevant information related to them stored in electronic form to remain “accessible in India, at all times.” Furthermore, the Amendment requires the back-ups of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Financial data localisation requirement in Companies (Accounts) Fourth Amendment Rules, 2022", "description_zh": "On 11 August 2022, the Companies (Accounts) Fourth Amendment Rules 2022, amending the data localisation requirements for “books of accounts” under the Companies (Accounts) Rules 2014, were implemented following their publication in the Official Gazette. In particular, the Amendment requires “books of account” and documents containing relevant information related to them stored in electronic form to remain “accessible in India, at all times.” Furthermore, the Amendment requires the back-ups of..." }, { "date": "11 March 2020", "title": "SEBI Cybersecurity Advisory for Financial Sector Organizations including recommendation to localise critical data", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/nov-2020/advisory-for-financial-sector-organizations-regarding-software-as-a-service-saas-based-solutions_48081.html", "description": "On 3 November 2020, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), in cooperation with Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-in), adopted an outline advising about the cybersecurity risks connected to the use of Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions for managing their Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) functions. Organisations are advised to exercise direct control and supervision over their cybersecurity posture while keeping critical data within the legal boundaries of India.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEBI Cybersecurity Advisory for Financial Sector Organizations including recommendation to localise critical data", "description_zh": "On 3 November 2020, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), in cooperation with Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-in), adopted an outline advising about the cybersecurity risks connected to the use of Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions for managing their Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) functions. Organisations are advised to exercise direct control and supervision over their cybersecurity posture while keeping critical data within the legal boundaries of India." }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs)", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1894258", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the online platform established by the Ministry of Electronics and IT of India for the Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs) based on recent amendments to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 became operational. Under the Rules, the GACs have appellate jurisdiction over decisions made by social media companies in response to complaints made through their grievance mechanisms. The GACs are based on a digital platform whe...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs)", "description_zh": "On 1 March 2023, the online platform established by the Ministry of Electronics and IT of India for the Grievance Appellate Committees (GACs) based on recent amendments to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021 became operational. Under the Rules, the GACs have appellate jurisdiction over decisions made by social media companies in response to complaints made through their grievance mechanisms. The GACs are based on a digital platform whe..." }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation measures in Endorsement Know-Hows", "url": "https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/en/slider/endorsements-know-hows", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Department of Consumers Affairs of India issued the \"Endorsements Know-hows! for celebrities, influencers and virtual influencers on social media platforms\" (Endorsement Know-Hows), which aims to reduce misleading advertising and endorsements and unfair trade practices of \"influencers\" and entities developing \"fictional computer-generated people or avatars\" on social media platforms. In order to protect consumers, covered individuals are required to disclose, using sim...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Content moderation measures in Endorsement Know-Hows", "description_zh": "On 20 January 2023, the Department of Consumers Affairs of India issued the \"Endorsements Know-hows! for celebrities, influencers and virtual influencers on social media platforms\" (Endorsement Know-Hows), which aims to reduce misleading advertising and endorsements and unfair trade practices of \"influencers\" and entities developing \"fictional computer-generated people or avatars\" on social media platforms. In order to protect consumers, covered individuals are required to disclose, using sim..." }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Cooperation on artificial intelligence and semiconductors in India-Israel Memorandum of Understanding on Industrial Research", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1921850", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the governments of India and Israel signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on industrial research and development. The MoU specifically concerns the Indian Ministry of Science and Technology, the Indian Directorate of Defense Research and Development and the Israeli Ministry of Defense. In particular, the agencies agreed to collaborate on different areas, including artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing and semiconductors. The MoU will facilitate the research and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cooperation on artificial intelligence and semiconductors in India-Israel Memorandum of Understanding on Industrial Research", "description_zh": "On 4 May 2023, the governments of India and Israel signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on industrial research and development. The MoU specifically concerns the Indian Ministry of Science and Technology, the Indian Directorate of Defense Research and Development and the Israeli Ministry of Defense. In particular, the agencies agreed to collaborate on different areas, including artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing and semiconductors. The MoU will facilitate the research and ..." }, { "date": "31 August 2023", "title": "OTT guidelines for regulation of online depiction of tobacco products in online curated content", "url": "https://ntcp.mohfw.gov.in/assets/document/Acts-Rules-Regulations/GSR-400(E).pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2023, the guidelines on the online depiction of Tobacco Products adopted Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India were implemented. The guidelines apply to publishers of online curated content that show tobacco products or their use, particularly over-the-top (OTT) platforms. Firstly, the platforms must show anti-tobacco health spots, messages, and disclaimers. Secondly, the messages and disclaimers must also be published on an official website. Thirdly, the messages must b...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OTT guidelines for regulation of online depiction of tobacco products in online curated content", "description_zh": "On 31 August 2023, the guidelines on the online depiction of Tobacco Products adopted Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India were implemented. The guidelines apply to publishers of online curated content that show tobacco products or their use, particularly over-the-top (OTT) platforms. Firstly, the platforms must show anti-tobacco health spots, messages, and disclaimers. Secondly, the messages and disclaimers must also be published on an official website. Thirdly, the messages must b..." }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for Payment System Operators", "url": "https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=4267", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the public consultation closes on the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) draft master directions on cyber resilience and digital payment security controls for payment systems. The measures address authorised non-bank Payment System Operators (PSOs) and have an emphasis on cyber resilience. The draft includes cybersecurity standards for correctly identifying, assessing, monitoring, and handling cyber risks. According to the RBI, PSOs collaborate with unregulated businesses, increasin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cyber Resilience and Digital Payment Security Controls for Payment System Operators", "description_zh": "On 30 June 2023, the public consultation closes on the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) draft master directions on cyber resilience and digital payment security controls for payment systems. The measures address authorised non-bank Payment System Operators (PSOs) and have an emphasis on cyber resilience. The draft includes cybersecurity standards for correctly identifying, assessing, monitoring, and handling cyber risks. According to the RBI, PSOs collaborate with unregulated businesses, increasin..." }, { "date": "13 June 2023", "title": "TRAI direction for deployment of AI and ML based UCC_Detect sytem", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1932088", "description": "On 13 June 2023, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India issued an order directing internet service providers to use UCC_Detect, an artificial intelligence and machine learning-based system that can detect and identify unregistered telemarketers. The order aims to protect consumers by limiting the website and telephone numbers that were created with the purpose of collecting consumer information or asking them to pay for non-existent services. A report on the use of UCC_Detect is expected f...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TRAI direction for deployment of AI and ML based UCC_Detect sytem", "description_zh": "On 13 June 2023, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India issued an order directing internet service providers to use UCC_Detect, an artificial intelligence and machine learning-based system that can detect and identify unregistered telemarketers. The order aims to protect consumers by limiting the website and telephone numbers that were created with the purpose of collecting consumer information or asking them to pay for non-existent services. A report on the use of UCC_Detect is expected f..." }, { "date": "8 October 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit regarding online advertising practices (DRS Logistics Ltd. et al. v Google LLC)", "url": "http://164.100.69.66/jsearch/judgement.php?path=dhc/VIB/judgement/10-08-2023/&name=VIB10082023FAC22022_190340.pdf", "description": "On 10 August 2023, the High Court of Delhi issued a verdict in the civil lawsuit against Google concerning its online advertising practices. This legal action had been brought forward by DRS Logistics Ltd and others. The Delhi High Court determined that Google's Ads program falls within the scope of the country's Trademarks Act, requiring the company to remove ads that infringe upon trademarks. The court observed that Google actively participated in using the trademarks of proprietors. The ca...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Civil lawsuit regarding online advertising practices (DRS Logistics Ltd. et al. v Google LLC)", "description_zh": "On 10 August 2023, the High Court of Delhi issued a verdict in the civil lawsuit against Google concerning its online advertising practices. This legal action had been brought forward by DRS Logistics Ltd and others. The Delhi High Court determined that Google's Ads program falls within the scope of the country's Trademarks Act, requiring the company to remove ads that infringe upon trademarks. The court observed that Google actively participated in using the trademarks of proprietors. The ca..." }, { "date": "10 June 2023", "title": "MEYTI order against X, YouTube and Telegram on removal of child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1965078", "description": "On 6 October 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEYTI) issued notices to X, YouTube and Telegram ordering the removal of child sexual abuse material from their platforms on the Indian internet. METI has warned the companies that failure to comply will result in the elimination of their safe harbour protection under the Information Technology (IT) Act, which protects them from legal liability. IT rules under the IT Act outline strict requirements for social me...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MEYTI order against X, YouTube and Telegram on removal of child sexual abuse material", "description_zh": "On 6 October 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEYTI) issued notices to X, YouTube and Telegram ordering the removal of child sexual abuse material from their platforms on the Indian internet. METI has warned the companies that failure to comply will result in the elimination of their safe harbour protection under the Information Technology (IT) Act, which protects them from legal liability. IT rules under the IT Act outline strict requirements for social me..." }, { "date": "11 July 2023", "title": "MeitY advisory regarding the handling of misinformation under the Information Technology Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1975445", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a statement regarding the handling of misinformation under the Information Technology Rules 2021 (IT Rules). The advisory is addressed to significant social media intermediaries, defined as platforms with more than 5 million registered users in India. The advisory specifies that the timeframes for the identification and deletion of misinformation and deepfakes under the IT Rules must be complied with. Sp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY advisory regarding the handling of misinformation under the Information Technology Rules 2021", "description_zh": "On 7 November 2023, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a statement regarding the handling of misinformation under the Information Technology Rules 2021 (IT Rules). The advisory is addressed to significant social media intermediaries, defined as platforms with more than 5 million registered users in India. The advisory specifies that the timeframes for the identification and deletion of misinformation and deepfakes under the IT Rules must be complied with. Sp..." }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "MeitY regulation to address deep fakes", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1979042", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) announced its intention to draft regulations addressing the dissemination of deepfakes and opened consultation. The MeitY stated that the regulation aims to address the growing threat that deepfake poses to democracy and social institutions across. The MeitY wishes to assess and draft the necessary regulations to diminish the threat that deepfake poses. The announcement was made following a meeting with releva...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MeitY regulation to address deep fakes", "description_zh": "On 23 November 2023, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) announced its intention to draft regulations addressing the dissemination of deepfakes and opened consultation. The MeitY stated that the regulation aims to address the growing threat that deepfake poses to democracy and social institutions across. The MeitY wishes to assess and draft the necessary regulations to diminish the threat that deepfake poses. The announcement was made following a meeting with releva..." }, { "date": "26 December 2023", "title": "MeitY Advisory on AI Deepfakes for Digital Intermediaries", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1990542", "description": "On 26 December 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a formal advisory regarding content requirements in Rule 3(1)(b) of the IT rules. The advisory applies to all digital intermediaries to ensure compliance with the IT rules. The advisory aims to target content prohibited under the IT rules as well as misinformation powered by artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deepfake. The advisory emphasises the communication obligations of platforms and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY Advisory on AI Deepfakes for Digital Intermediaries", "description_zh": "On 26 December 2023, the Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a formal advisory regarding content requirements in Rule 3(1)(b) of the IT rules. The advisory applies to all digital intermediaries to ensure compliance with the IT rules. The advisory aims to target content prohibited under the IT rules as well as misinformation powered by artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deepfake. The advisory emphasises the communication obligations of platforms and..." }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Due Diligence by Intermediaries under Information Technology Act and Rules", "url": "https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D561FAQGmxn_uoXb5VA/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1709536945293?e=1710374400&v=beta&t=3uCjztAvfb-7VIeyo9thZl3t8Q37yWWweLi74j4Jq0c", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India terminated its advisory to intermediaries and platforms under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 after issuing a superceding advisory.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content Moderation Regulation in Due Diligence by Intermediaries under Information Technology Act and Rules", "description_zh": "On 15 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of India terminated its advisory to intermediaries and platforms under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 after issuing a superceding advisory." }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "MeitY order establishing Press Information Bureau as fact check unit to counter misinformation on Government policies", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2015792", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a notification to the Press Information Bureau's (IPB) Fact Check Unit (FCU) requiring to flag misinformation about the central government under the provisions of the sub-clause (v) of sub-rule (1) of rule 3 of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. The FCU is mandated to counter misinformation on Government policies, initiatives, and schemes, active...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY order establishing Press Information Bureau as fact check unit to counter misinformation on Government policies", "description_zh": "On 20 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued a notification to the Press Information Bureau's (IPB) Fact Check Unit (FCU) requiring to flag misinformation about the central government under the provisions of the sub-clause (v) of sub-rule (1) of rule 3 of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021. The FCU is mandated to counter misinformation on Government policies, initiatives, and schemes, active..." }, { "date": "26 May 2022", "title": "Establishment of Data Management Office in National Data Governance Policy", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/National-Data-Governance-Framework-Policy.pdf", "description": "On 26 May 2022, the Digital India Corporation, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), released the National Data Governance Framework Policy (NDGFP), establishing the India Data Management Office (IDMO). The IDMO will be tasked with developing, managing, and revising policies related to data use. This includes setting up rules, standards, and guidelines to facilitate access to anonymised non-personal data to support AI and data-led research and start-up ecosystems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Establishment of Data Management Office in National Data Governance Policy", "description_zh": "On 26 May 2022, the Digital India Corporation, under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), released the National Data Governance Framework Policy (NDGFP), establishing the India Data Management Office (IDMO). The IDMO will be tasked with developing, managing, and revising policies related to data use. This includes setting up rules, standards, and guidelines to facilitate access to anonymised non-personal data to support AI and data-led research and start-up ecosystems." }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging enforcement agencies's use of technologies such as Google Maps to track location of defendants in criminal proceedings", "url": "https://www.sci.gov.in/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=get_court_pdf&diary_no=66872023&type=j&order_date=2024-07-08&from=latest_judgements_order", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the Supreme Court of India issued its ruling in a case challenging enforcement agencies's use of technologies such as Google Maps to track the location of defendants in criminal proceedings. In the case Frank Vitus v Narcotics Control Bureau, the Court stated that mandating the provision of a Google Maps pin location as a bail condition infringes upon the right to privacy as protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court found that such a condition, which could pote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lawsuit challenging enforcement agencies's use of technologies such as Google Maps to track location of defendants in criminal proceedings", "description_zh": "On 8 July 2024, the Supreme Court of India issued its ruling in a case challenging enforcement agencies's use of technologies such as Google Maps to track the location of defendants in criminal proceedings. In the case Frank Vitus v Narcotics Control Bureau, the Court stated that mandating the provision of a Google Maps pin location as a bail condition infringes upon the right to privacy as protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court found that such a condition, which could pote..." }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging MeitY's rules on identification of fake content against the government on social media (Kunal Kamra v Union of India and Others)", "url": "https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/kunal-kamra-vs-union-of-india-561914.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the Bombay High Court issued a ruling in a lawsuit concerning the government's Fact Check Unit (FCU), challenged by the Association of Indian Magazines, the Editors Guild of India, and Kunal Kamra. The FCU was established by the Information Technology Amendment Rules 2023, which allows the government to restrict fake, false, and misleading information and enables the government to identify fake news online. The plaintiffs argued that the FCU would censor content critical...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lawsuit challenging MeitY's rules on identification of fake content against the government on social media (Kunal Kamra v Union of India and Others)", "description_zh": "On 20 September 2024, the Bombay High Court issued a ruling in a lawsuit concerning the government's Fact Check Unit (FCU), challenged by the Association of Indian Magazines, the Editors Guild of India, and Kunal Kamra. The FCU was established by the Information Technology Amendment Rules 2023, which allows the government to restrict fake, false, and misleading information and enables the government to identify fake news online. The plaintiffs argued that the FCU would censor content critical..." }, { "date": "31 July 2024", "title": "MeitY Guidance on preventing dissemination of misinformation including deep fakes", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2039640", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) adopted a Guidance on preventing the dissemination of misinformation including deep fakes on the Internet. The Guidance mandates that intermediary platforms act expeditiously within the timelines specified under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules, 2021), to address grievances related to prohibited content such as misinformation. It clarifies tha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY Guidance on preventing dissemination of misinformation including deep fakes", "description_zh": "On 31 July 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) adopted a Guidance on preventing the dissemination of misinformation including deep fakes on the Internet. The Guidance mandates that intermediary platforms act expeditiously within the timelines specified under the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (IT Rules, 2021), to address grievances related to prohibited content such as misinformation. It clarifies tha..." }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "SEBI Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience Framework", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/aug-2024/cybersecurity-and-cyber-resilience-framework-cscrf-for-sebi-regulated-entities-res-_85964.html", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the Securities Exchange Commission of India (SEBI) issued the Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience Framework for SEBI Regulated Entities (REs). The Framework provides standards and guidelines for strengthening cyber resilience and maintaining robust cybersecurity of SEBI Res. The main objective of the Framework is to address evolving cyber threats, to align with the industry standards, encourage efficient audits, and ensure compliance by SEBI REs.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEBI Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience Framework", "description_zh": "On 20 August 2024, the Securities Exchange Commission of India (SEBI) issued the Cybersecurity and Cyber Resilience Framework for SEBI Regulated Entities (REs). The Framework provides standards and guidelines for strengthening cyber resilience and maintaining robust cybersecurity of SEBI Res. The main objective of the Framework is to address evolving cyber threats, to align with the industry standards, encourage efficient audits, and ensure compliance by SEBI REs." }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Temporary Suspension of Telecommunication Services Rules, 2024", "url": "https://dot.gov.in/circulars/draft-temporary-suspension-telecommunication-services-rules-2024", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the consultation for the draft Temporary Suspension of Telecommunication Services Rules, 2024 was closed. The draft Rules set out the conditions under which the temporary suspension of telecommunication services can be authorised for public safety or public emergency purposes, as provided in s.20(2)(b) of the Telecommunications Act, 2023. Specifically, the draft Rules require such a suspension to be issued through a written suspension order, set out requirements for the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Temporary Suspension of Telecommunication Services Rules, 2024", "description_zh": "On 27 September 2024, the consultation for the draft Temporary Suspension of Telecommunication Services Rules, 2024 was closed. The draft Rules set out the conditions under which the temporary suspension of telecommunication services can be authorised for public safety or public emergency purposes, as provided in s.20(2)(b) of the Telecommunications Act, 2023. Specifically, the draft Rules require such a suspension to be issued through a written suspension order, set out requirements for the ..." }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Telecommunications of Critical Telecommunication Infrastructure Rules, 2024", "url": "https://dot.gov.in/circulars/draft-telecommunications-critical-telecommunication-infrastructure-rules-2024", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the consultation period on the Draft Telecommunications of Critical Telecommunication Infrastructure Rules, 2024 closes. This initiative, under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, outline regulations for managing and securing critical telecommunication infrastructure. These rules require telecommunication entities to ensure compliance with various security standards, provide details of their network infrastructure, and set out a process for upgrading such infrastructure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Telecommunications of Critical Telecommunication Infrastructure Rules, 2024", "description_zh": "On 27 September 2024, the consultation period on the Draft Telecommunications of Critical Telecommunication Infrastructure Rules, 2024 closes. This initiative, under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, outline regulations for managing and securing critical telecommunication infrastructure. These rules require telecommunication entities to ensure compliance with various security standards, provide details of their network infrastructure, and set out a process for upgrading such infrastructure." }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024", "url": "https://dot.gov.in/circulars/draft-telecommunications-telecom-cyber-security-rules-2024", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the Central Government of India initiated a public consultation on the Draft Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024. The Draft Rules, underpinned by the Telecommunications Act, 2023, mandate that telecommunication entities adopt cyber security policies, report security incidents, and establish infrastructure for monitoring and mitigating cyber threats. The Draft Rules also require telecommunication entities to report security incidents within 6 hours of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024", "description_zh": "On 27 September 2024, the Central Government of India initiated a public consultation on the Draft Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024. The Draft Rules, underpinned by the Telecommunications Act, 2023, mandate that telecommunication entities adopt cyber security policies, report security incidents, and establish infrastructure for monitoring and mitigating cyber threats. The Draft Rules also require telecommunication entities to report security incidents within 6 hours of ..." }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "TRAI Direction requiring the blocking of non-whitelisted URLs, APKs, and OTT links", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.67of2024.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India implemented a direction aimed at curbing the misuse of Uniform Resource Locator (URLs) in messages. The direction applies to access providers and registered senders, who are responsible for transmitting messages containing URLs, Android Package Kits (APKs), or Over The Top (OTT) links. The direction requires access providers to block any non-whitelisted URLs, APKs, or OTT links and highlights that senders who fail to whitelist their...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TRAI Direction requiring the blocking of non-whitelisted URLs, APKs, and OTT links", "description_zh": "On 1 October 2024, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India implemented a direction aimed at curbing the misuse of Uniform Resource Locator (URLs) in messages. The direction applies to access providers and registered senders, who are responsible for transmitting messages containing URLs, Android Package Kits (APKs), or Over The Top (OTT) links. The direction requires access providers to block any non-whitelisted URLs, APKs, or OTT links and highlights that senders who fail to whitelist their..." }, { "date": "26 November 2024", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting advisory urging Over-The-Top platforms streaming content to avoid promoting narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", "url": "https://www.argus-p.com/uploads/km_updates/download/1736855059_Advisory_26_11_24.pdf", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, issued an advisory to Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms streaming content in India, urging them to avoid promoting or glamorising narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, especially given the potential influence on young viewers. The advisory references the IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, and the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, requiring platforms...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting advisory urging Over-The-Top platforms streaming content to avoid promoting narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", "description_zh": "On 26 November 2024, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, issued an advisory to Over-The-Top (OTT) platforms streaming content in India, urging them to avoid promoting or glamorising narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, especially given the potential influence on young viewers. The advisory references the IT (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, and the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, requiring platforms..." }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "US-India strategic technology partnership including cooperation on artificial intelligence and quantum computing", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/06/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-committed-to-strengthening-strategic-technology-partnership/", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the United States and India issued a declaration to strengthen the US-India strategic technology partnership, including cooperation on artificial intelligence and quantum computing. The parties agreed to strengthen a strategic technology partnership originally launched in 2022, noted the progress in integrating technology and defence supply chains, and emphasised collaboration in space exploration, semiconductors, AI, quantum technologies, and clean energy. Specific commitm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US-India strategic technology partnership including cooperation on artificial intelligence and quantum computing", "description_zh": "On 6 January 2025, the United States and India issued a declaration to strengthen the US-India strategic technology partnership, including cooperation on artificial intelligence and quantum computing. The parties agreed to strengthen a strategic technology partnership originally launched in 2022, noted the progress in integrating technology and defence supply chains, and emphasised collaboration in space exploration, semiconductors, AI, quantum technologies, and clean energy. Specific commitm..." }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation for the financial services sector in Digital Threat Report 2024", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2119801", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Government of India released the Digital Threat Report 2024, a joint initiative by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), the Computer Security Incident Response Team for the Finance sector (CSIRT-Fin), and the cybersecurity firm SISA. The report presents an overview of current and emerging cybersecurity threats affecting the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cybersecurity regulation for the financial services sector in Digital Threat Report 2024", "description_zh": "On 7 April 2025, the Government of India released the Digital Threat Report 2024, a joint initiative by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), the Computer Security Incident Response Team for the Finance sector (CSIRT-Fin), and the cybersecurity firm SISA. The report presents an overview of current and emerging cybersecurity threats affecting the Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector. ..." }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Asian News International lawsuit against Wikimedia Foundation for alleged defamatory comments on Wikipedia", "url": "https://advocategandhi.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/WIKIMEDIA-FOUNDATION-INC-Vs-ANI-MEDIA-PRIVATE-LIMITED-ORS.-Latest-Delhi-High-Court-Judgement-8th-April-2025.pdf", "description": "On 8 April 2025, a division bench of the Delhi High Court upheld a previous ruling requiring Wikipedia to remove content considered defamatory towards ANI Media Pvt. Ltd. The Court, however, suspended two elements of the initial order. The first includes the instruction to remove the protection status of ANI’s Wikipedia page, thereby permitting public editing. The second concerns the general ban on future defamatory edits. Consequently, the page remains protected, and no restriction on future...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Asian News International lawsuit against Wikimedia Foundation for alleged defamatory comments on Wikipedia", "description_zh": "On 8 April 2025, a division bench of the Delhi High Court upheld a previous ruling requiring Wikipedia to remove content considered defamatory towards ANI Media Pvt. Ltd. The Court, however, suspended two elements of the initial order. The first includes the instruction to remove the protection status of ANI’s Wikipedia page, thereby permitting public editing. The second concerns the general ban on future defamatory edits. Consequently, the page remains protected, and no restriction on future..." }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "Data localisation provisions in India-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-india-trade-deal-conclusion-summary/uk-india-trade-deal-conclusion-summary", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the United Kingdom and India concluded negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement. It was highlighted that the Agreement will include provisions on data localisation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data localisation provisions in India-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement", "description_zh": "On 6 May 2025, the United Kingdom and India concluded negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement. It was highlighted that the Agreement will include provisions on data localisation." }, { "date": "15 June 2025", "title": "Data protection provisions in Reserve Bank's Digital Lending Directions 2025 (No. RBI/2025-26/36)", "url": "https://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NotificationUser.aspx?Id=12848&Mode=0", "description": "On 15 June 2025, the Reserve Bank of India's Digital Lending Directions, 2025 (RBI/2025-26/36), including provisions on digital lending application reporting, enters into force. The directions apply to commercial banks, co-operative banks, non-banking financial companies, and all-India financial institutions. The order requires regulated entities to report all digital lending applications they deploy or participate in, including those operated by lending service providers, on the centralised ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Data protection provisions in Reserve Bank's Digital Lending Directions 2025 (No. RBI/2025-26/36)", "description_zh": "On 15 June 2025, the Reserve Bank of India's Digital Lending Directions, 2025 (RBI/2025-26/36), including provisions on digital lending application reporting, enters into force. The directions apply to commercial banks, co-operative banks, non-banking financial companies, and all-India financial institutions. The order requires regulated entities to report all digital lending applications they deploy or participate in, including those operated by lending service providers, on the centralised ..." }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "National e-Governance Division business requirement document for consent management under Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://d38ibwa0xdgwxx.cloudfront.net/whatsnew-docs/8d5409f5-d26c-4697-b10e-5f6fb2d583ef.pdf", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the National e-Governance Division (NeGD), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), issued the business requirement document (BRD) for consent management under the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. The BRD outlines the objectives and functional requirements for a Consent Management System (CMS) designed to ensure compliance with the Act, used by Data Fiduciaries and Processors to manage the consent of Data Principals. Elements incl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National e-Governance Division business requirement document for consent management under Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "description_zh": "On 6 June 2025, the National e-Governance Division (NeGD), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), issued the business requirement document (BRD) for consent management under the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. The BRD outlines the objectives and functional requirements for a Consent Management System (CMS) designed to ensure compliance with the Act, used by Data Fiduciaries and Processors to manage the consent of Data Principals. Elements incl..." }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs report highlighting steps taken to combat cyber crimes", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2146786", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a report highlighting steps taken to combat cyber crimes, based on National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data showing a rise in cases from 27,248 in 2018 to 65,893 in 2022. The Ministry established the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) to coordinate efforts nationwide, launching tools including the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal for public complaints. It also highlighted the launch of the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Repor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ministry of Home Affairs report highlighting steps taken to combat cyber crimes", "description_zh": "On 22 July 2025, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued a report highlighting steps taken to combat cyber crimes, based on National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data showing a rise in cases from 27,248 in 2018 to 65,893 in 2022. The Ministry established the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) to coordinate efforts nationwide, launching tools including the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal for public complaints. It also highlighted the launch of the Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Repor..." }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Guidelines on due diligence by intermediaries and platforms under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/02/9f6e99572739a3024c9cdaec53a0a0ef.pdf", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) adopted a Guideline requiring all intermediaries and platforms to strengthen due diligence under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code Rules, 2021. The guideline applies to all platforms operating in India, particularly those deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, large language models, or generative AI tools. It mandates safeguards to prevent t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology Guidelines on due diligence by intermediaries and platforms under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021.", "description_zh": "On 15 March 2024, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) adopted a Guideline requiring all intermediaries and platforms to strengthen due diligence under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code Rules, 2021. The guideline applies to all platforms operating in India, particularly those deploying Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, large language models, or generative AI tools. It mandates safeguards to prevent t..." }, { "date": "11 March 2020", "title": "Securities and Exchange Board's advisory for financial sector organisations regarding Software as a Service based solutions", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/circulars/nov-2020/advisory-for-financial-sector-organizations-regarding-software-as-a-service-saas-based-solutions_48081.html", "description": "On 3 November 2020, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) adopted an advisory cautioning financial sector organisations against risks associated with using Software as a Service (SaaS) for Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) functions. The advisory applies to SEBI-regulated entities, including stock brokers, depository participants, and merchant bankers, and highlights concerns about critical data moving beyond India’s jurisdiction through cloud-based SaaS platforms. It require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Securities and Exchange Board's advisory for financial sector organisations regarding Software as a Service based solutions", "description_zh": "On 3 November 2020, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) adopted an advisory cautioning financial sector organisations against risks associated with using Software as a Service (SaaS) for Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) functions. The advisory applies to SEBI-regulated entities, including stock brokers, depository participants, and merchant bankers, and highlights concerns about critical data moving beyond India’s jurisdiction through cloud-based SaaS platforms. It require..." }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Lawsuit by X challenging Government's use of Sahyog Portal to issue content takedown orders [W.P.(C) 7405 of 2025]", "url": "https://images.assettype.com/barandbench/2025-09-27/zm5a4acm/X_corp_Vs_Union_of_India.pdf", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the Karnataka High Court dismissed X Corp’s writ petition challenging the validity of content takedown orders issued through the government’s Sahyog Portal under Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act. The provision removes an internet intermediary's safe harbour protection from liability if they fail to remove or disable access to unlawful content. The Court held that the portal was a lawful administrative mechanism and reaffirmed that fundamental rights und...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lawsuit by X challenging Government's use of Sahyog Portal to issue content takedown orders [W.P.(C) 7405 of 2025]", "description_zh": "On 24 September 2025, the Karnataka High Court dismissed X Corp’s writ petition challenging the validity of content takedown orders issued through the government’s Sahyog Portal under Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology Act. The provision removes an internet intermediary's safe harbour protection from liability if they fail to remove or disable access to unlawful content. The Court held that the portal was a lawful administrative mechanism and reaffirmed that fundamental rights und..." }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting comprehensive review addressing copyright infringement and strengthening anti-piracy strategies", "url": "https://mib.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-11/public-notice-dated-07.11.2025.pdf", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) of the Government of India closes the public consultation, which had been open since 7 November 2025, as part of a comprehensive review of existing mechanisms addressing copyright infringement and strengthening anti-piracy strategies in relation to film, broadcasting and over-the-top (OTT) content across the Media and Entertainment (M&E) sector, including the film industry, streaming platforms, TV channels, intermediary p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ministry of Information and Broadcasting comprehensive review addressing copyright infringement and strengthening anti-piracy strategies", "description_zh": "On 27 November 2025, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) of the Government of India closes the public consultation, which had been open since 7 November 2025, as part of a comprehensive review of existing mechanisms addressing copyright infringement and strengthening anti-piracy strategies in relation to film, broadcasting and over-the-top (OTT) content across the Media and Entertainment (M&E) sector, including the film industry, streaming platforms, TV channels, intermediary p..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Regulation of Deepfake Bill, 2024 (No. 193 of 2024)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/193%20of%202024%20AS125202595114PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Regulation of Deepfake Bill, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the House of People of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to govern the creation, distribution, and application of deepfakes in India. The Bill applies to intermediaries and social media intermediaries that host, transmit, or enable user-generated digital content. The Bill defines a deepfake as Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated or manipulated...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in Regulation of Deepfake Bill, 2024 (No. 193 of 2024)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Regulation of Deepfake Bill, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the House of People of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to govern the creation, distribution, and application of deepfakes in India. The Bill applies to intermediaries and social media intermediaries that host, transmit, or enable user-generated digital content. The Bill defines a deepfake as Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated or manipulated..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Bill amending Consumer Protection Act to address unfair practices in digital marketplaces (No. 39 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/39%20of%202025%20AS125202595108PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 was introduced to the House of the People of the Parliament of India. The Bill proposes amendments to section 2 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, expanding the definition of “unfair trade practice” to cover the failure to disclose essential terms, conditions, or fees associated with a transaction, including dynamic pricing mechanisms such as surge or personalised pricing. The amendments also address the use of algorithms o...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill amending Consumer Protection Act to address unfair practices in digital marketplaces (No. 39 of 2025)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Consumer Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 was introduced to the House of the People of the Parliament of India. The Bill proposes amendments to section 2 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, expanding the definition of “unfair trade practice” to cover the failure to disclose essential terms, conditions, or fees associated with a transaction, including dynamic pricing mechanisms such as surge or personalised pricing. The amendments also address the use of algorithms o..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill amending Information Technology Act, 2000 to include provisions criminalising online harassment and deepfakes (No. 16 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/Asintroduced/131211202545700PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Bill amending the Information Technology Act, 2000, to include provisions criminalising online harassment and deepfakes, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill applies to individuals and intermediaries handling electronic communications, including social media platforms, covering messages, images, audio, video, and deepfake or digitally forged content. It defines and penalises online harassm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Content moderation regulation in Bill amending Information Technology Act, 2000 to include provisions criminalising online harassment and deepfakes (No. 16 of 2025)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Bill amending the Information Technology Act, 2000, to include provisions criminalising online harassment and deepfakes, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill applies to individuals and intermediaries handling electronic communications, including social media platforms, covering messages, images, audio, video, and deepfake or digitally forged content. It defines and penalises online harassm..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Bill amending Information Technology Act,2000 to include provisions for liability of digital navigation services (No. 28 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/Asintroduced/271211202550148PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Bill amending the Information Technology Act, 2000 to include provisions for liability of digital navigation services was introduced to the Council of States. The Bill applies to digital service providers offering services including mapping, navigation, or automated route guidance. The Bill seeks to impose legal safeguards on the use of navigation applications to ensure their accuracy. The Bill holds providers liable if faulty algorithms, misleading data, or incorrect ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bill amending Information Technology Act,2000 to include provisions for liability of digital navigation services (No. 28 of 2025)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Bill amending the Information Technology Act, 2000 to include provisions for liability of digital navigation services was introduced to the Council of States. The Bill applies to digital service providers offering services including mapping, navigation, or automated route guidance. The Bill seeks to impose legal safeguards on the use of navigation applications to ensure their accuracy. The Bill holds providers liable if faulty algorithms, misleading data, or incorrect ..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Copyright protection regulation in Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/Asintroduced/361211202550341PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025), including copyright protection regulation was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to regulate intellectual and creative outputs generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill applies to AI developers, model providers, platforms, and users of both free and paid AI models. The Bill defines AI-generated work which do not quality as...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Copyright protection regulation in Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Machine Created Intellectual Asset Bill, 2025 (No. 43 of 2025), including copyright protection regulation was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to establish a legal framework to regulate intellectual and creative outputs generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill applies to AI developers, model providers, platforms, and users of both free and paid AI models. The Bill defines AI-generated work which do not quality as..." }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 (No. 38 of 2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/RSBillTexts/Asintroduced/321211202550253PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 (No. 38 of 2025), including data protection authority governance, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to address gaps in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, including strengthening privacy, ensuring independence of the Data Protection Board, and enhancing provisions on consent, security standards, and children’s data protection. The amendments apply to bot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Data protection authority governance in Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 (No. 38 of 2025)", "description_zh": "On 5 December 2025, the Digital Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025 (No. 38 of 2025), including data protection authority governance, was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill seeks to address gaps in the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, including strengthening privacy, ensuring independence of the Data Protection Board, and enhancing provisions on consent, security standards, and children’s data protection. The amendments apply to bot..." }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Critical Infrastructure (Resilience, Protection and Accountability) Bill, 2026 (No. 6 of 2026)", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/269916.pdf", "description": "On 6 January 2026, the Critical Infrastructure (Resilience, Protection and Accountability) Bill, 2026 was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill would establish a framework for the identification, designation, protection, governance, and resilience of critical infrastructure of strategic importance. It would apply to public and private sector parties involved across the infrastructure lifecycle, including contractors, concessionaires, special purpose vehicles...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cybersecurity regulation in Critical Infrastructure (Resilience, Protection and Accountability) Bill, 2026 (No. 6 of 2026)", "description_zh": "On 6 January 2026, the Critical Infrastructure (Resilience, Protection and Accountability) Bill, 2026 was introduced to the Council of States of the Parliament of India. The Bill would establish a framework for the identification, designation, protection, governance, and resilience of critical infrastructure of strategic importance. It would apply to public and private sector parties involved across the infrastructure lifecycle, including contractors, concessionaires, special purpose vehicles..." }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health AI", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2229226®=3&lang=1", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced the Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health Artificial Intelligence (AI) (BODH). The initiative introduces a testing requirement for validating AI models used in the healthcare sector. BODH establishes a mechanism to evaluate AI solutions using diverse, anonymised real-world health datasets to assess their performance, robustness, bias, and generalisability. The platform aims to institutionalise benchmarking standards...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health AI", "description_zh": "On 17 February 2026, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced the Benchmarking Open Data Platform for Health Artificial Intelligence (AI) (BODH). The initiative introduces a testing requirement for validating AI models used in the healthcare sector. BODH establishes a mechanism to evaluate AI solutions using diverse, anonymised real-world health datasets to assess their performance, robustness, bias, and generalisability. The platform aims to institutionalise benchmarking standards..." }, { "title": "Acts and Policies", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/documents/act-and-policies", "description": "Your website description goes here", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Acts and Policies", "description_zh": "Your website description goes here" }, { "date": "19 February 2018", "title": "India AI Impact Summit Declaration (New Delhi)", "url": "https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl%2F40809=", "description": "The AI Impact Summit was held in New Delhi on February 18-19, 2026, with a declaration released February 21, 2026. The summit emphasized international cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches to AI governance. Seven working groups (Chakras) guided by People, Planet, and Progress pillars were established. Key themes: AI sovereignty, safety, and scale.", "categories": [ "International Declaration", "AI Summit", "Multi-Stakeholder" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India AI Impact Summit Declaration (New Delhi)", "description_zh": "The AI Impact Summit was held in New Delhi on February 18-19, 2026, with a declaration released February 21, 2026. The summit emphasized international cooperation and multi-stakeholder approaches to AI governance. Seven working groups (Chakras) guided by People, Planet, and Progress pillars were established. Key themes: AI sovereignty, safety, and scale." }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "India - Mandatory AI Content Labeling Rules", "url": "", "description": "India's new rules tightening social media oversight of AI-generated and synthetic content (including deepfakes) require platforms to label AI content and remove deceptive manipulated material. From February 20, 2026, platforms face compliance requirements.", "categories": [ "Social Media", "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media", "Labeling", "Compliance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India - Mandatory AI Content Labeling Rules", "description_zh": "India's new rules tightening social media oversight of AI-generated and synthetic content (including deepfakes) require platforms to label AI content and remove deceptive manipulated material. From February 20, 2026, platforms face compliance requirements.", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Global Firms Face Legal Risks Under India's 2026 AI Regulation", "url": "https://www.india-briefing.com/news/india-ai-regulation-2026-foreign-platform", "description": "India's 2026 AI regulation updates to IT Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code Rules (effective February 20, 2026) focus on mandatory labeling of AI-generated content, creating compliance risks for global platforms operating in India.", "categories": [ "IT Rules", "Compliance", "Foreign Platforms" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Global Firms Face Legal Risks Under India's 2026 AI Regulation", "description_zh": "India's 2026 AI regulation updates to IT Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code Rules (effective February 20, 2026) focus on mandatory labeling of AI-generated content, creating compliance risks for global platforms operating in India." }, { "title": "AIRAWAT (AI Research, Analytics and Knowledge Assimilation platform) - Approach Paper", "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/AIRAWAT-Establishing-an-AI-Specific-Cloud-Computing-Infrastructure-for-India.pdf", "description": "AI law in India: AIRAWAT is an approach paper published by NITI Aayog that proposes a dedicated, government-led AI-specific cloud computing infrastructure to provide affordable, scalable compute and storage for AI research and innovation in India. The paper sets out technical architecture, governance arrangements, priority sectors for access, financial considerations, and implementation recommendations to reduce dependency on commercial cloud providers and accelerate domestic AI capabilities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AIRAWAT (AI Research, Analytics and Knowledge Assimilation platform) - Approach Paper", "description_zh": "AI law in India: AIRAWAT is an approach paper published by NITI Aayog that proposes a dedicated, government-led AI-specific cloud computing infrastructure to provide affordable, scalable compute and storage for AI research and innovation in India. The paper sets out technical architecture, governance arrangements, priority sectors for access, financial considerations, and implementation recommendations to reduce dependency on commercial cloud providers and accelerate domestic AI capabilities...." }, { "title": "Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy / India Data Accessibility and Use Policy (drafts)", "url": "https://meity.gov.in/", "description": "AI law in India: The Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) released two related draft instruments in 2022: the Draft India Data Accessibility and Use Policy (Feb 2022) and a revised Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy (May 2022). The revised draft focuses on creating an institutional architecture (an India Data Management Office and India Datasets programme) to enable safe access to anonymized non‑personal government data for research and innovation while excluding controversial monetisation proposals from the earlier draft....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy / India Data Accessibility and Use Policy (drafts)", "description_zh": "AI law in India: The Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) released two related draft instruments in 2022: the Draft India Data Accessibility and Use Policy (Feb 2022) and a revised Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy (May 2022). The revised draft focuses on creating an institutional architecture (an India Data Management Office and India Datasets programme) to enable safe access to anonymized non‑personal government data for research and innovation while excluding controversial monetisation proposals from the earlier draft...." }, { "title": "The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021", "url": "https://www.surveyofindia.gov.in/documents/Information%20Technology%20(Guidelines%20for%20Intermediaries%20and%20Digital%20Media%20Ethics%20Code)%20Rules,%202021.pdf", "description": "AI law in India: Notified on 25 February 2021 under Section 87 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Rules update intermediary due-diligence obligations, introduce special obligations for 'significant social media intermediaries', and create a three-tier Code of Ethics and grievance redressal framework for digital news and OTT (online curated) content administered by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting and MeitY....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021", "description_zh": "AI law in India: Notified on 25 February 2021 under Section 87 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Rules update intermediary due-diligence obligations, introduce special obligations for 'significant social media intermediaries', and create a three-tier Code of Ethics and grievance redressal framework for digital news and OTT (online curated) content administered by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting and MeitY...." }, { "title": "FREE‑AI Framework — Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (RBI FREE‑AI Committee Report)", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2024/06/2bf1f0e9f04e6fb4f8fef35e82c42aa5.pdf", "description": "AI law in India: RBI's 2025 FREE‑AI report sets principles and 26 recommendations to enable responsible AI across India’s financial sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FREE‑AI Framework — Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (RBI FREE‑AI Committee Report)", "description_zh": "AI law in India: RBI's 2025 FREE‑AI report sets principles and 26 recommendations to enable responsible AI across India’s financial sector." }, { "title": "India AI Governance Guidelines: Enabling Safe and Trusted AI Innovation", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2186639&lang=1®=3", "description": "AI law in India: The Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) published the India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission on 5 November 2025. Principle-based techno-legal guidance built on seven 'sutras', proposing institutional architectures (AIGG, TPEC, AISI), voluntary compliance, graded liability and an action plan across short, medium and long terms....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India AI Governance Guidelines: Enabling Safe and Trusted AI Innovation", "description_zh": "AI law in India: The Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) published the India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission on 5 November 2025. Principle-based techno-legal guidance built on seven 'sutras', proposing institutional architectures (AIGG, TPEC, AISI), voluntary compliance, graded liability and an action plan across short, medium and long terms...." }, { "title": "Maharashtra MahaAgri-AI Policy 2025-29", "url": "https://www.maharashtra.gov.in", "description": "AI law in India: A comprehensive state-level policy to revolutionize Maharashtra's agriculture through AI, precision farming, and digital data exchanges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Maharashtra MahaAgri-AI Policy 2025-29", "description_zh": "AI law in India: A comprehensive state-level policy to revolutionize Maharashtra's agriculture through AI, precision farming, and digital data exchanges." }, { "title": "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) - NITI Aayog", "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in", "description": "AI law in India: Published by NITI Aayog in June 2018, the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) sets out a government-led strategic framework to position India as a global leader in AI for inclusive social and economic growth. It identifies priority sectors (healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities/infrastructure, and mobility), proposes institutional structures (Centres of Research Excellence and International Centres for Transformational AI), and recommends actions to build data ecosystems, research capacity, and responsible AI adoption....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) - NITI Aayog", "description_zh": "AI law in India: Published by NITI Aayog in June 2018, the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (#AIforAll) sets out a government-led strategic framework to position India as a global leader in AI for inclusive social and economic growth. It identifies priority sectors (healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities/infrastructure, and mobility), proposes institutional structures (Centres of Research Excellence and International Centres for Transformational AI), and recommends actions to build data ecosystems, research capacity, and responsible AI adoption...." }, { "title": "AI-Powered Telangana: Strategy Document and Implementation Roadmap", "url": "https://tgdex.telangana.gov.in/documents/ai-powered-telangana-strategy-document-and-implementation-roadmap", "description": "AI law in India: Telangana's AI roadmap, launched in September 2024, aims to establish the state as a global leader in inclusive AI innovation and implementation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI-Powered Telangana: Strategy Document and Implementation Roadmap", "description_zh": "AI law in India: Telangana's AI roadmap, launched in September 2024, aims to establish the state as a global leader in inclusive AI innovation and implementation." }, { "title": "RAISE 2020 (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment) Summit - MeitY & NITI Aayog", "url": "https://meity.gov.in", "description": "AI law in India: RAISE 2020 (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment) was a five-day, government-led global summit organised by the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) in partnership with NITI Aayog (5–9 October 2020). The event promoted principles and practices for ethical, inclusive and accountable AI, showcased Indian AI startups, and set priorities for national AI capacity building, collaborative research and international engagement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RAISE 2020 (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment) Summit - MeitY & NITI Aayog", "description_zh": "AI law in India: RAISE 2020 (Responsible AI for Social Empowerment) was a five-day, government-led global summit organised by the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) in partnership with NITI Aayog (5–9 October 2020). The event promoted principles and practices for ethical, inclusive and accountable AI, showcased Indian AI startups, and set priorities for national AI capacity building, collaborative research and international engagement...." }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "India MeitY releases draft framework for responsible AI development in healthcare", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in", "description": "India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology published a draft framework for responsible AI development specifically targeting healthcare applications, covering clinical validation requirements, data governance, bias testing, and patient consent protocols for AI-based diagnostic and treatment recommendation systems.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Standards" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India MeitY releases draft framework for responsible AI development in healthcare", "description_zh": "India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology published a draft framework for responsible AI development specifically targeting healthcare applications, covering clinical validation requirements, data governance, bias testing, and patient consent protocols for AI-based diagnostic and treatment recommendation systems." }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "Union Education Minister calls for introducing CT and AI in Indian languages", "url": "https://www.newsonair.gov.in/union-education-minister-dharmendra-pradhan-calls-for-introducing-ct-ai-in-indian-languages-aligning-with-vision-of-nep/", "description": "Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan has called for introducing Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indian languages, aligning with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP). Launching the Computational Thinking and Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Classes III to VIII in New Delhi, the Minister stressed that while the curriculum has been introduced in English, it must eventually be localized. Mr Pradhan noted that India has the capacity to adapt quickly due to its intellectual diaspora and ability to localize knowledge effectively. He also highl", "categories": [ "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Union Education Minister calls for introducing CT and AI in Indian languages", "description_zh": "Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan has advocated for the integration of Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Indian languages, aligning with the National Education Policy (NEP). While launching the CT and AI curriculum for Classes III to VIII in New Delhi, he emphasized the need to localize the curriculum, which is currently in English, to make it accessible in regional languages. Highlighting India's rich intellectual heritage, he referenced mathematicians like Aryabhatta and Madhav, who developed foundational ideas in their native languages, underscoring the importance of democratizing modern knowledge systems like AI in regional languages. He also directed the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to collaborate with state bodies to translate and implement the curriculum across various languages within the academic year.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "MeitY proposes amendments to bring user-generated news under IT Rules, expands intermediary compliance framework", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/03/a71a21d35c107f2e528363d3eb17646a.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated 30 March 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY proposes amendments to bring user-generated news under IT Rules, expands intermediary compliance framework", "description_zh": "India's Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) has invited public comments on the proposed changes to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, which are described as “clarificatory and procedural” but intended to strengthen compliance and enforcement. A key aspect of the proposal is the requirement for intermediaries, including social media platforms, to comply with government advisories as part of their due diligence obligations under Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, thereby elevating government communications to enforceable obligations. The amendments also broaden the scope of content oversight to include intermediaries hosting user-generated news content, potentially increasing platform liability and editorial responsibility. Additionally, the mandate of the Inter-Departmental Committee would expand to allow proactive reviews initiated by the ministry, rather than solely responding to complaints. These proposals build on existing IT Rules that impose detailed due diligence requirements on intermediaries, including obligations to remove unlawful content and ensure traceability. The government has framed these proposals as necessary for an “Open, Safe, Trusted and Accountable Internet,” while stakeholders are invited to submit feedback by 14 April 2026.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani & Anr. v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao & Anr.", "url": "/documents/1578/Gummadi_Usha_Rani_vs_Sure_Mallikarjuna_Rao.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gummadi Usha Rani & Anr. v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao & Anr.", "description_zh": "Judge appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "India & Sweden sign Statement of Intent to enhance cooperation in AI & digital technologies", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2232803&lang=1®=6", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 25 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India & Sweden sign Statement of Intent to enhance cooperation in AI & digital technologies", "description_zh": "The IndiaAI Mission and Business Sweden have signed a Statement of Intent to enhance cooperation in AI and digital technologies. This agreement establishes the Sweden-India Technology and Artificial Intelligence Corridor (SITAC), a platform designed to facilitate structured engagement among government agencies, industry stakeholders, startups, and academic institutions from both countries. The collaboration aims to support enterprises, startups, and research institutions in jointly developing scalable and inclusive AI solutions.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 February 2026", "title": "New Delhi Declaration signed at India AI Summit", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2231208&v=4®=3&lang=2", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 21 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Global Declaration" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "New Delhi Declaration signed at India AI Summit", "description_zh": "At the conclusion of the AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi, 88 countries and international organizations endorsed the New Delhi Declaration, promoting a collaborative global vision for AI focused on equitable access and cooperation. The Declaration emphasizes the importance of international collaboration, respect for national sovereignty, and the development of trustworthy AI frameworks, structured around seven key pillars: democratizing AI resources, economic growth and social good, secure and trusted AI, AI for science, access for social empowerment, human capital development, and resilient AI systems. Oher major initiatives announced at the India AI Summit include the Charter for the Democratic Diffusion of AI, Global AI Impact Commons, Trusted AI Commons, International Network of AI for Science Institutions, AI for Social Empowerment Platform, AI Workforce Development Playbook, and Guiding Principles on Resilient & Efficient AI.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 February 2026", "title": "Italy, India, Kenya sign landmark AI cooperation agreement to advance development in Africa", "url": "https://www.ict.go.ke/india-italy-and-kenya-partner-drive-sovereign-ai-adoption-across-africa", "description": "Primary source (ict.go.ke) dated 21 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Italy, India, Kenya sign landmark AI cooperation agreement to advance development in Africa", "description_zh": "Italy, India, and Kenya have entered into a strategic trilateral partnership to co-design and deploy scalable, sovereign AI solutions across Africa. This collaboration, announced during the AI Impact Summit 2026, aims to implement voice-enabled AI technologies in sectors such as agriculture, health, education, and public services, with a focus on low-connectivity environments and local languages. The initiative leverages the G7-endorsed AI Hub for Sustainable Development and aligns with Italy's Mattei Plan, uniting India's innovation expertise, Kenya's on-the-ground ecosystem, and Italy's industrial partnerships to build Africa-led AI infrastructure. A key goal is to establish 100 AI diffusion pathways by 2030 to ensure trusted and contextual AI adoption across the continent.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.ict.go.ke', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /india-italy-and-kenya-partner-drive-sovereign-ai-adoption-across-africa (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issu", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Canada’s AI minister hails ‘natural alliance’ with India ahead of Prime Minister Carney's visit", "url": "https://www.wionews.com/world/canada-s-ai-minister-hails-natural-alliance-with-india-ahead-of-carney-visit-1771519372070", "description": "Canada’s AI minister Evan Solomon described the countries as natural allies in the AI domain, noting that Canada has been on the frontier of AI and India has been on the frontier, bolstered by cross-border talent flows, including Canadians working for Indian companies.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canada’s AI minister hails ‘natural alliance’ with India ahead of Prime Minister Carney's visit", "description_zh": "The Canadian Minister of Artificial Intelligence, Evan Solomon, has emphasized the natural alliance between Canada and India in the field of AI, highlighting shared values and complementary strengths. This statement comes ahead of a visit by Prime Minister Mark Carney to India, aiming to strengthen bilateral cooperation in technology and innovation. The minister underscored the potential for collaborative research, development, and ethical AI deployment, reflecting a mutual commitment to advancing AI technologies responsibly.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Canada and India strengthen ties to advance new partnerships in AI and digital innovation", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2026/02/minister-solomon-concludes-successful-visit-to-republic-of-india-strengthening-ties-to-advance-new-partnerships-in-ai-and-digital-innovation.html", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. While Canada strengthens its capabilities at home, the government is also deepening partnerships with high-growth economies abroad to drive investment, scale innovation and create jobs.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Research" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Canada and India strengthen ties to advance new partnerships in AI and digital innovation", "description_zh": "As part of Canada's Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation's (Evan Solomon) visit to India for the India AI Impact Summit, Canada and India have signed a Memoranda of Understanding between the University of Waterloo and Tata Consultancy Services, as well as with upGrad. These signings reflect the broad trend toward deepening academic and commercial ties between the two countries, with 8 Canadian universities advancing 11 MOUs with Indian partners in the last few months. Together, these agreements are accelerating skills development, commercialization pathways and business expansion between Canada and India.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "New Delhi Frontier AI Commitments unveiled", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2230201®=3&lang=2", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 19 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "New Delhi Frontier AI Commitments unveiled", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics & IT has announced the New Delhi Frontier AI Commitments at the India AI Impact Summit 2026, led by Union Minister Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw, aiming to promote inclusive and responsible AI development. The commitments focus on democratizing AI access and innovation, emphasizing a comprehensive approach across five layers of the AI stack—applications, models, compute, talent, and energy—while addressing real-world deployment in sectors like healthcare and education. Key initiatives include advancing understanding of AI usage through data-driven insights to inform policymaking and strengthening multilingual evaluations to enhance AI effectiveness across diverse languages and cultures. The minister highlighted the importance of collaboration among governments, industry, and research communities to ensure AI benefits humanity, inviting participating organizations to contribute to these commitments.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "India Union Minister of Health launch initiatives to strengthen responsible health AI ecosystem", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2229226", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 17 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India Union Minister of Health launch initiatives to strengthen responsible health AI ecosystem", "description_zh": "The Indian government has introduced the Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India (SAHI), a comprehensive framework designed to guide the ethical, transparent, and accountable deployment of AI technologies across the nation's healthcare system. SAHI emphasizes responsible innovation over precautionary restraint, aiming to maximize benefits while minimizing potential harms. Key features include a tripartite data-gap taxonomy to prioritize data collection efforts, outcome-oriented procurement strategies to align AI solutions with health system needs, and the concurrent launch of BODH, a benchmarking platform developed by IIT Kanpur and the National Health Authority, to rigorously evaluate AI models using anonymized real-world health data.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "India and France sign joint statement, covering AI", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2026/02/17/india-france-joint-statement-1", "description": "1. At the invitation of Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi, President of the French Republic H.E. Mr. Emmanuel Macron paid an official visit to India from 17 to 19 February 2026 and participated in the Artificial Intelligence Impact Summit 2026. During the visit, the two leaders held bilateral talks and jointly inaugurated the 2026 India-France Year of Innovation in Mumbai on 17 February. This is President Macron’s 4th visit to India and it follows Prime Minister Modi’s visit to France in February 2025. 2. On this occasion, both leaders agreed to elevate relations to a “Specia", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India and France sign joint statement, covering AI", "description_zh": "India and France issued a joint statement announcing the elevation of bilateral relations to a \"Special Global Strategic Partnership,\" reflecting shared ambitions to address global challenges and promote a stable international order. The statement highlights deepened collaboration in defense and security, emphasizing co-design, co-development, and co-production of defense platforms, with France emerging as one of India's foremost defense partners. They reiterated their commitment to fully mobilizing untapped economic potential, particularly through micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises, start-ups, digitalization, AI, and innovative businesses The leaders also inaugurated the 2026 India-France Year of Innovation in Mumbai, aiming to foster innovation and technological advancement between the two nations.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Prime Minister Modi pitches India as global AI hub at AI summit", "url": "", "description": "PM Modi Live: Prime Minister Narendra Modi addresses a gathering during the India AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi. Listen to the English version of the Pr...", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Prime Minister Modi pitches India as global AI hub at AI summit", "description_zh": "Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has positioned India as a central player in the global AI ecosystem during the AI Impact Summit in New Delhi. The Prime Minister emphasized India's commitment to developing AI technologies domestically and deploying them globally, stating, 'Design and develop in India. Deliver to the world. Deliver to humanity.' The summit, attended by world leaders and tech executives, highlighted India's ambition to leverage its digital infrastructure to become a cost-effective hub for AI innovation.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "India hosts AI Impact Summit", "url": "https://impact.indiaai.gov.in/", "description": "The India AI Impact Summit 2026 is a flagship global gathering hosted by the Government of India under the IndiaAI Mission, in collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics & Information TechnologyMeitY). Scheduled for 19–20 February 2026 in New Delhi, the Summit will bring together policymakers, researchers, industry leaders, startups, civil society, and international organizationsns to shape the future of inclusive and impactful AI", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India hosts AI Impact Summit", "description_zh": "The India AI Impact Summit 2026, held in New Delhi from February 16 to 20, has brought together global leaders, tech executives, and policymakers to discuss the future of AI with a focus on inclusivity and responsible development. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the event, emphasizing India's ambition to become a global AI hub by leveraging its digital infrastructure and promoting home-grown innovations for international deployment. The summit features participation from over 45 countries, including French President Emmanuel Macron and U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres, who advocated for a $3 billion fund to help developing nations build AI capabilities. Major tech companies like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon have pledged significant investments in India's AI and cloud infrastructure. The event also highlights India's efforts to democratize AI, address challenges such as limited semiconductor access, and develop AI models tailored to its linguistic diversity.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 February 2026", "title": "India AI Governance Guidelines adopted", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2228315®=3&lang=2", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 15 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India AI Governance Guidelines adopted", "description_zh": "India has adopted a principle-based AI governance framework anchored in seven Sutras to enable safe, trusted, and inclusive AI innovation across sectors, recommending the establishment of new national institutions including the AI Governance Group, Technology & Policy Expert Committee, and AI Safety Institute. This framework prioritizes innovation over restraint, positioning AI as a catalyst for inclusive growth aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. The framework includes key principles such as trust, accountability, and fairness, and outlines an action plan for institutionalization, risk mitigation, and capacity building, ultimately striving to position India as a global leader in responsible AI governance. On the topic of AI regulation, the framework recommends (1) adopting \"a balanced, agile, and principle-based AI governance framework that builds on existing laws\"; (2) reviewing the current legal framework to identify AI-related risks and regulatory gaps; (3) introducing targeted legislative amendments to clarify issues of classification, liability, data protection, and copyright; (4) developing common standards and benchmarks for content authentication, data integrity, cybersecurity, and fairness; (5) using regulatory sandboxes to test emerging AI technologies in controlled environments; (6) strengthening international and multilateral engagement on AI governance issues; and (7) conducting horizon-scanning and foresight exercises to keep regulation responsive to future AI developments.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "MeitY adopts Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, addressing synthetically generated information", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/10/38be31bac9d39bbe22f24fc42442d5d1.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated 10 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY adopts Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, addressing synthetically generated information", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has adopted the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Amendment Rules, 2026, to regulate synthetically generated information. These amendments expand the legal definition of \"information\" to include content artificially created or modified to appear authentic, mandating that all such public-facing material include visible labeling and embedded metadata that is permanent, unique, and easily perceivable. Intermediaries providing tools for creating synthetic content are prohibited from removing or altering these identifiers, while Significant Social Media Intermediaries (SSMIs) face enhanced due diligence obligations, including the requirement to obtain user declarations for uploaded content and deploy technical measures to verify those claims. While these rules apply strictly to public content rather than private material, they also clarify that intermediaries maintain \"safe harbour\" protections when they make reasonable efforts to remove or disable access to content in compliance with these standards. The regulations are set to officially enter into force on 20 February 2026.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Human Health and Medical Education) Regulation Act 2026 (Bill No. XIII of 2026) introduced", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/269916.pdf", "description": "Primary source (egazette.gov.in) dated 6 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Artificial Intelligence (Human Health and Medical Education) Regulation Act 2026 (Bill No. XIII of 2026) introduced", "description_zh": "The Artificial Intelligence (Human Health and Medical Education) Regulation Bill, 2026 (Bill No. XIII of 2026) has been introduced to the Council of States, proposing a statutory framework for the development, deployment, and use of AI systems in healthcare, clinical research, and medical education, while establishing the National Authority for Artificial Intelligence in Human Health and Medical Education as a central regulatory body. The Bill allows government and private healthcare institutions to utilize AI for diagnostic support, treatment planning, patient monitoring, prescription review, clinical audit, and operational management, with human oversight and informed consent, and prohibits autonomous prescription or final clinical decision-making, maintaining accountability with qualified medical professionals. The proposed Authority would be responsible for registering and approving systems, classifying high-risk applications, setting technical and ethical standards, and overseeing validation and post-deployment monitoring. Additionally, the Bill includes the creation of an Artificial Intelligence Harm Compensation Fund and stipulates fines of up to INR 50,000,000 for serious violations and up to INR 100,000,000 or imprisonment of up to 7 years for violations resulting in death.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 February 2026", "title": "India offers zero taxes through 2047 to lure global AI workloads", "url": "https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/Budget_Speech.pdf", "description": "Primary source (indiabudget.gov.in) dated 1 February 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Compute", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India offers zero taxes through 2047 to lure global AI workloads", "description_zh": "As part of its 2026-27 Budget, the Indian government has announced a tax holiday until 2047 for foreign companies providing cloud services globally, provided they utilize data centers located in India. This initiative, unveiled by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, aims to position India as a global hub for AI and digital infrastructure. To qualify, foreign firms must serve Indian customers through an Indian reseller entity. Major tech companies like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon have already committed substantial investments in India's cloud infrastructure, with plans totaling over $67 billion by 2030. While the policy is expected to attract significant foreign investment and create job opportunities, challenges such as power supply instability, high energy costs, and environmental concerns may impact the feasibility of long-term investments in India's data center landscape.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 January 2026", "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao", "url": "/documents/1395/GUMMADI_USHA_RANI_v._SURE_MALLIKARJUNA_RAO.pdf", "description": "Judge used Unidentified in proceedings before the HC Andhra Pradesh. Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Gajanan v. Ramdas ((2015) 6 SCC 223)', which could not be located and was found to have been produced by the AI tool used by the Judicial Officer.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao", "description_zh": "Judge used Unidentified in proceedings before the HC Andhra Pradesh. Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Gajanan v. Ramdas ((2015) 6 SCC 223)', which could not be located and was found to have been produced by the AI tool used by the Judicial Officer.", "court": "HC Andhra Pradesh", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Office of Principal Scientific Adviser releases white paper on strengthening AI governance through techno-legal framework", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2217839®=3&lang=1", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 23 January 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Office of Principal Scientific Adviser releases white paper on strengthening AI governance through techno-legal framework", "description_zh": "The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (OPSA) to the Government of India has published its second white paper, “Strengthening AI Governance Through Techno-Legal Framework,” which advocates for an integrated model that embeds legal, technical, and institutional safeguards directly into the AI lifecycle by design. This \"techno-legal\" approach seeks to balance risk mitigation with a pro-innovation stance, utilizing a combination of baseline legal protections, sector-specific regulations, and technical controls to ensure accountability and safety without stifling technological progress. Released by PSA Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, the document outlines practical pathways for operationalizing governance—such as developing compliance tools and leveraging India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—building on the foundation set by the December 2025 white paper on democratizing AI infrastructure. Ultimately, these papers serve as strategic knowledge documents intended to guide domestic policy deliberations and solidify India’s leadership role in the global discourse on ethical and trusted AI ecosystems.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 January 2026", "title": "Japan and India to boost collaboration in economic security and AI", "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/s_sa/sw/in/pageite_000001_00008.html", "description": "Primary source (mofa.go.jp) dated 17 January 2026 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Japan and India to boost collaboration in economic security and AI", "description_zh": "Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi and Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar have agreed to enhance collaboration in economic security and AI, building upon an agreement from their bilateral summit in August 2025. During a strategic dialogue in New Delhi, they reaffirmed their commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific and cooperation under the Quad framework, which includes the US and Australia. Both nations plan to strengthen supply chains by establishing a dialogue by March 2026 and holding a vice-ministerial meeting to discuss concrete cooperation steps. Additionally, they agreed to set up a strategic dialogue involving relevant government officials to advance collaboration in AI.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Mr. Deepak s/o Shivkumar Bahry v. Heart & Soul Entertainment Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1327/deepak-shivkumar-bahry-vs-heart-soul-entertainment-ltd-647256.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HC Bombay. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions cited a non-existent case \"Jyoti w/o Dinesh Tulsiani Vs. Elegant Associates\" with no citation or copy; court and law clerks could not locate it and concluded submissions likely AI-generated, causing wasted judicial time. Outcome: Adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mr. Deepak s/o Shivkumar Bahry v. Heart & Soul Entertainment Ltd.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the HC Bombay. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions cited a non-existent case \"Jyoti w/o Dinesh Tulsiani Vs. Elegant Associates\" with no citation or copy; court and law clerks could not locate it and concluded submissions likely AI-generated, causing wasted judicial time. Outcome: Adverse costs order.", "court": "HC Bombay", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 January 2026", "title": "Ministry of Electronics and IT Ministry sends notice to X on Grok AI chatbot misuse", "url": "https://www.newsonair.gov.in/ministry-of-electronics-and-information-technology-issues-notice-to-x-seeking-removal-of-obscene-content/", "description": "Primary source (newsonair.gov.in): Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issues notice to X seeking removal of obscene content | DD News On Air.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ministry of Electronics and IT Ministry sends notice to X on Grok AI chatbot misuse", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has issued a notice to social media platform X, asking it to remove obscene content. In its letter to the Chief Compliance Officer of X, India Operation, the Ministry said the service of Grok AI is being misused by users to create fake accounts to host, generate, publish or share obscene images or videos of women in a derogatory or vulgar manner. It said the regulatory provisions under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and IT Rules, 2021, are not being adhered to by the platform. The Ministry stressed that compliance with the IT Act and the IT Rules, 2021, is not optional. It has sought an Action Taken Report towards immediate compliance for the prevention of hosting, generating and sharing of obscene, nude, indecent and explicit content through the misuse of AI-based services. The Ministry cautioned that non-compliance with the requirements will be viewed seriously and may result in strict legal consequences against the social media platform.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "India AI Impact Summit 2026 to focus on \"Democratizing AI, Bridging the AI Divide\"", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2209578®=3&lang=1", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 29 December 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India AI Impact Summit 2026 to focus on \"Democratizing AI, Bridging the AI Divide\"", "description_zh": "Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the AI Impact Summit, scheduled from 15 to 20 February 2026. The summit will feature global tech leaders, including Microsoft Founder Bill Gates and Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis, and is expected to host French President Emmanuel Macron, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and delegations from nearly 100 countries. Prime Minister Modi will also chair a roundtable with CEOs from leading technology companies. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology plans to establish seven working groups to discuss AI's role in economic growth, social good, resource democratization, human capital, resilience, innovation, inclusion, and safety. Additionally, the government aims to support AI startups by connecting them with investors through the IT ministry's startup hub.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Regulation of Deepfake Bill introduced", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/193%20of%202024%20AS125202595114PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "Primary source (sansad.in) dated 22 December 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Regulation of Deepfake Bill introduced", "description_zh": "MP Shrikant Eknath Shinde has introduced in the Lok Sabha a private member's bill titled the Regulation of Deepfake Bill, 2024 which proposes to establish a statutory framework to criminalize the non-consensual creation and dissemination of malicious AI-generated synthetic media. The proposed statute aims to combat \"digital content forgery\" by mandating prior consent and the use of digital watermarks, specifically targeting aggravated offenses such as the creation of non-consensual sexually explicit imagery, identity theft, and content intended to incite violence or disrupt democratic processes. To oversee these regulations, the Bill proposes the establishment of a specialized Deepfake Task Force tasked with assessing national security impacts, developing detection technologies, and recommending penalties on a case-by-case basis (noting that the bill does not prescribe fixed terms of imprisonment or fines).", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Omkara Assets Reconstruction Private Limited v. Gstaad Hotels Private Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning (during hearing).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Omkara Assets Reconstruction Private Limited v. Gstaad Hotels Private Limited", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning (during hearing).", "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning (during hearing)", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Indian government committee releases working paper, with proposal to require AI companies to pay content creators a share of revenue for using their work to train models", "url": "https://www.dpiit.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/12/ff266bbeed10c48e3479c941484f3525.pdf", "description": "Primary source (dpiit.gov.in) dated 8 December 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Indian government committee releases working paper, with proposal to require AI companies to pay content creators a share of revenue for using their work to train models", "description_zh": "A committee, formed by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade to examine the intersection of generative AI and copyright, has released a working paper titled \"One Nation One Licence One Payment - Balancing AI Innovation and Copyright\" which proposes regulation to require AI companies, such as OpenAI and Google, to pay royalties to content creators when using their work to train AI models. This initiative aims to address copyright concerns by establishing a centralised body to collect and distribute these payments, diverging from the \"fair use\" practices claimed by AI firms in jurisdictions like the US. The proposal is open for public and industry feedback for 30 days.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill introduced", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/59%20of%202025%20AS125202594603PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "Primary source (sansad.in) dated 5 December 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill introduced", "description_zh": "The Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill, 2025 has been introduced as a Private Member’s Bill in the Lok Sabha, seeking to establish a statutory ethics and accountability framework governing the use of AI in decision-making, surveillance, and algorithmic systems across India. It sets out the scope, definitions, and commencement of a dedicated legal regime focused on fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI deployment. At the core of the Bill is the proposed constitution of an Ethics Committee for AI, mandated to develop ethical guidelines, monitor compliance, review instances of misuse or bias, and promote awareness among stakeholders. The Bill places explicit restrictions on the use of AI in surveillance and critical decision-making domains such as law enforcement, finance, and employment, requiring lawful purpose, prior oversight, and non-discrimination. Developers are assigned clear responsibilities relating to transparency, disclosure of data and methodologies, prevention of algorithmic bias, and maintenance of compliance records, alongside a structured grievance redressal mechanism for affected individuals or groups. The Bill further provides for significant penalties for non-compliance, including substantial monetary fines, suspension or revocation of licenses, and potential criminal liability for repeat violations. It outlines financial support to the Ethics Committee from the Consolidated Fund of India, annual reporting obligations to Parliament, and delegated rule-making powers to the Central Government.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Japan and India to deepen cooperation in semiconductors and AI", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2193307", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 24 November 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Japan and India to deepen cooperation in semiconductors and AI", "description_zh": "At a bilateral meeting at the G20 Summit in South Africa, Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi agreed to deepen cooperation in critical and emerging technologies (including semiconductors and AI) under the existing India-Japan Special Strategic and Global Partnership.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 November 2025", "title": "Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership signed, covering AI", "url": "https://www.pm.gov.au/media/agreement-among-government-australia-government-canada-and-government-india", "description": "Australia, Canada and India today agreed to enter into a new trilateral technology and innovation partnership: the Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership.The three sides agreed to strengthen their ambition in cooperation on critical and emerging technologies, to complement existing bilateral initiatives.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership signed, covering AI", "description_zh": "At the G20 summit, Australia, Canada and India have signed a trilateral agreement known as the \"Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership\" which aims to have the three democracies work together to diversify supply chains, use clean energy and help with further uptake of AI. This collaboration aims to enhance AI research and development, focusing on ethical standards and global cooperation. The initiative seeks to address challenges in AI governance and promote responsible innovation across international borders. The parties have agreed that officials should convene in the first quarter of 2026 to take the initiative forward.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "MS J M Jain Prop Sh Jeetmal Choraria v. Union of India & Ors.", "url": "/documents/1160/Jeetmal_Choraria_v._India_India_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Delhi High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation for Kishan Lal v. Union of India (2003) 258 ITR 359 (Del HC) to be incorrect; physical verification showed the actual reported decision at that citation related to Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kishan Lal (HUF) on different issues. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MS J M Jain Prop Sh Jeetmal Choraria v. Union of India & Ors.", "description_zh": "Lawyer appeared before the Delhi High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation for Kishan Lal v. Union of India (2003) 258 ITR 359 (Del HC) to be incorrect; physical verification showed the actual reported decision at that citation related to Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kishan Lal (HUF) on different issues. Outcome: Warning.", "court": "Delhi High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "MeitY unveils India AI governance guidelines to ensure safe, inclusive and responsible AI adoption", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/article/india-ai-governance-guidelines-empowering-ethical-and-responsible-ai", "description": "India's scale, socio-economic diversity and digital ambitions create both exceptional opportunities and distinctive challenges for AI adoption. AI in India, therefore, carries with it both peril and possibility; it has the potential to deepen inequality and risk, as well as serve as an unprecedented engine of inclusion and innovation. In 2023, the Government of India took cognizance of the rapidly evolving AI landscape in the country and committed to a proportional, future-focused, and adaptive governance framework to respond to its dynamic needs.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY unveils India AI governance guidelines to ensure safe, inclusive and responsible AI adoption", "description_zh": "India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has unveiled the India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission, aiming to establish a safe, inclusive, and responsible AI ecosystem. These guidelines are built upon seven core principles—Trust, People First, Innovation over Restraint, Fairness & Equity, Accountability, Understandable by Design, and Safety, Resilience & Sustainability—collectively termed the \"Seven Sutras\" of India's AI governance philosophy. The guidelines propose the formation of the AI Governance Group (AIGG), supported by the Technology and Policy Expert Committee (TPEC) and the AI Safety Institute (AISI), to oversee national AI policy, risk assessment, and technical safety standards. An accompanying Action Plan outlines measures such as developing India-specific AI risk frameworks, establishing incident reporting systems, launching awareness programs, creating liability regimes, and piloting regulatory sandboxes for emerging AI technologies.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "MeitY proposes new rule to require companies to label AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/10/38be31bac9d39bbe22f24fc42442d5d1.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated 22 October 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY proposes new rule to require companies to label AI-generated content", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) has issued a public notice, inviting feedback from stakeholders on draft amendments to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021. The draft amendments aim to strengthen due diligence obligations for intermediaries, especially social media intermediaries, by introducing a clear definition of \"synthetically generated information,\" mandating labelling and metadata embedding requirements for such content, setting visibility and audibility standards to ensure content is prominently marked, and requiring enhanced verification for \"significant social media intermediaries\". The consultation closes on 6 November 2025.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Competition Commission of India releases AI report urges responsible AI practices", "url": "https://www.cci.gov.in/images/marketstudie/en/market-study-on-artificial-intelligence-and-competition1759752172.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cci.gov.in) dated 7 October 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Competition Commission of India releases AI report urges responsible AI practices", "description_zh": "The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has released a comprehensive study titled \"Market Study on Artificial Intelligence and Competition,\" conducted through the Management Development Institute Society. This report examines the rapid integration of AI technologies across various Indian industries and their effects on competition, innovation, and consumer welfare. While acknowledging AI's transformative potential, the study highlights emerging risks that could disrupt fair market competition if not managed responsibly. To address these challenges, the CCI recommends several measures, including organizing a national conference on AI and regulatory issues, conducting advocacy workshops on AI and competition compliance, enhancing the CCI's technical capabilities, establishing a specialized think tank focused on digital markets and AI, and fostering collaboration with international competition bodies. The report also emphasizes the need for ongoing government efforts to expand AI infrastructure and eliminate market entry barriers to ensure a level playing field.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.cci.gov.in', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /images/marketstudie/en/market-study-on-artificial-intelligence-and-competition1759752172.pdf (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: un", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "KMG Wires Private Limited v. The National Faceless Assessment Centre et al.", "url": "/documents/925/KMG-Wires-Private-Limited.pdf", "description": "Expert appeared before the High Court Bombay. Fabricated: Case Law | Assessing Officer relied on three judicial decisions to include opening balance in peak-balance calculation; the court found those decisions to be non-existent and directed Respondent to show source. Outcome: Assessment quashed and set aside.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KMG Wires Private Limited v. The National Faceless Assessment Centre et al.", "description_zh": "Expert appeared before the High Court Bombay. Fabricated: Case Law | Assessing Officer relied on three judicial decisions to include opening balance in peak-balance calculation; the court found those decisions to be non-existent and directed Respondent to show source. Outcome: Assessment quashed and set aside.", "court": "High Court Bombay", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Assessment quashed and set aside", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Greenopolis Welfare Association (GWA) v. Narender Singh et al.", "url": "https://indiankanoon.org/doc/198343396/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Dehli High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited fabricated precedents, such as Chitra Narain v DDA, 2008 (87) DLT 276 Outcome: Petition withdrawn.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Greenopolis Welfare Association (GWA) v. Narender Singh et al.", "description_zh": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Dehli High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited fabricated precedents, such as Chitra Narain v DDA, 2008 (87) DLT 276 Outcome: Petition withdrawn.", "court": "Dehli High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Petition withdrawn", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "India and Singapore deepen defence tech cooperation, covering AI", "url": "https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/40094", "description": "Primary source (mea.gov.in) dated 4 September 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India and Singapore deepen defence tech cooperation, covering AI", "description_zh": "India and Singapore have agreed to deepen defence technology cooperation in emerging areas such as quantum computing, AI, automation and unmanned Vessels. Both nations have decided to continue the cooperation in maritime security and submarine rescue, as well as working closely within regional security architectures.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "India and Japan sign Economic Security Cooperation, covering AI", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2162043", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 29 August 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India and Japan sign Economic Security Cooperation, covering AI", "description_zh": "As part of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s two-day visit to Tokyo, India and Japan have signed an economic security cooperation under which Japan will commit ¥10 trillion (about $68 billion) through private investments under various MOUs over the next decade to support India's semiconductor and AI sectors, aiming to strengthen bilateral economic ties and enhance technological collaboration between the two nations.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "India reserve bank committee recommends AI framework for finance sector", "url": "https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=61018", "description": "In pursuance to the announcement made in the Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies released along with the Monetary Policy Statement dated December 06, 2024 , the Reserve Bank of India had set up the committee to develop a Framework for Responsible and Ethical Enablement of Artificial Intelligence (FREE-AI) in the Financial Sector on December 26, 2024 .", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India reserve bank committee recommends AI framework for finance sector", "description_zh": "The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) committee has proposed a comprehensive framework to promote the adoption of AI in India's financial sector while emphasizing risk management. The recommendations include establishing digital infrastructure to support local AI models, forming a multi-stakeholder standing committee to monitor risks and opportunities, and creating a dedicated fund to encourage AI development tailored for India's financial services. The report, comprising 26 recommendations across six categories—infrastructure, capacity, policy, governance, protection, and assurance—aims to balance innovation with risk mitigation. Notable suggestions include integrating AI with existing digital platforms like the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and designing audit frameworks for AI applications.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "description_zh": "Foreign Ministers from the BRICS+ countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and new members as of 1 January 2025, including Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates) have issued a declaration following a meeting in Rio de Janeiro, which includes commitments on AI to prioritise transparency, ethical standards, data protection, and equitable development outcomes, particularly in addressing digital and data inequalities between and within countries. The BRICS+ ministers have emphasised the importance of establishing inclusive and representative international governance for AI within the framework of the United Nations.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 March 2025", "title": "MeitY launches various initiatives under IndiaAI Mission", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2108961", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 6 March 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY launches various initiatives under IndiaAI Mission", "description_zh": "The Minister of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Ashwini Vaishnaw launched a number of initiatives under the IndiaAI Mission. These include an AI datasets platform called AIKosha, the IndiaAI Compute Portal, the AI Competency Framework for Public Sector Officials, iGOT-AI Mission Karmayogi, the IndiaAI Startups Global Acceleration Program, the IndiaAI Application Development Initiative and the IndiaAI FutureSkills Fellowship.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "EU and India sign joint statement to strengthen collaboration in AI", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_25_643", "description": "The second meeting of the EU-India Trade and Technology Council (TTC) took place in New Delhi on 28 February 2025. Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy Henna Virkkunen", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EU and India sign joint statement to strengthen collaboration in AI", "description_zh": "EU and India have adopted a joint statement following the Trade and Technology Council (TTC) second meeting. On AI specifically, EU and India (1) reiterated their commitment to safe, secure, trustworthy, human-centric, sustainable, and responsible AI; (2) agreed to deepen cooperation between the European AI Office and India AI Mission; (3) committed to joint projects focused on ethical and responsible AI frameworks. This builds on existing Research and Development (R&D) collaboration in high-performance computing applications related to natural hazards, climate change, and bioinformatics.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "description_zh": "60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the AI Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including \"ensuring AI is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all\" and \"making AI sustainable for people and the planet\". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "description_zh": "Chile, Finland, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Switzerland have adopted the \"Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Public Interest\". The charter (1) aims to ensure AI development serves the public interest, focusing on equity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability; (2) encourages openness in AI and accountability through existing frameworks; (3) calls for safeguards against AI’s potential harms, alongside an affirmative vision to maximise its public benefits, including through open public goods, democratic participation, and sustainable solutions; and (4) stresses the importance of accessible high-quality data, privacy protection, and smaller, more localised AI models that have a reduced environmental impact.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet signed at AI Action Summit in Paris", "description_zh": "60 countries, including India, China, Japan, Canada, Brazil, France and Australia, have signed a joint statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet at the AI Action Summit in Paris, with more signatories possible after the summit ends. The statement sets out priorities including \"ensuring AI is open, inclusive, transparent, ethical, safe, secure and trustworthy, taking into account international frameworks for all\" and \"making AI sustainable for people and the planet\". The statement was not signed by the US and the UK.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "description_zh": "Chile, Finland, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Switzerland have adopted the \"Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Public Interest\". The charter (1) aims to ensure AI development serves the public interest, focusing on equity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability; (2) encourages openness in AI and accountability through existing frameworks; (3) calls for safeguards against AI’s potential harms, alongside an affirmative vision to maximise its public benefits, including through open public goods, democratic participation, and sustainable solutions; and (4) stresses the importance of accessible high-quality data, privacy protection, and smaller, more localised AI models that have a reduced environmental impact.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 January 2025", "title": "Indonesian digital ministry source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/indonesia-dan-india-jalin-aliansi-strategis-di-bidang-digital", "description": "Official source record dated 25 January 2025 for India concerning India and Indonesia sign MOU on digital technology, covering AI. See the linked komdigi.go.id source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India and Indonesia sign MOU on digital technology, covering AI", "description_zh": "India and Indonesia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a strategic alliance in the digital sector. The MoU applies to the development of technologies including AI and Internet of Things and public digital infrastructure including digital identity, and human resource skill development in the IT sector. The MoU also focuses on improving human resource skills in the information technology sector. A Joint Working Group has been formed to oversee the implementation and ensure effective cooperation.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 January 2025", "title": "Indonesian digital ministry source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/indonesia-dan-india-jalin-aliansi-strategis-di-bidang-digital", "description": "Official source record dated 25 January 2025 for India concerning India and Indonesia sign MOU on digital technology, covering AI. See the linked komdigi.go.id source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India and Indonesia sign MOU on digital technology, covering AI", "description_zh": "India and Indonesia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a strategic alliance in the digital sector. The MoU applies to the development of technologies including AI and Internet of Things and public digital infrastructure including digital identity, and human resource skill development in the IT sector. The MoU also focuses on improving human resource skills in the information technology sector. A Joint Working Group has been formed to oversee the implementation and ensure effective cooperation.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "MeitY releases report on AI governance guidelines development for public consultation", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/article/report-on-ai-governance-guidelines-development", "description": "India's diverse demographic and socio-economic landscape offers immense opportunities for AI-driven growth, but it also necessitates robust governance mechanisms to ensure inclusive progress and mitigate associated risks. To address these challenges, a multi-stakeholder Advisory Group, chaired by the Principal Scientific Advisor of India and comprising representatives from relevant ministries, has been constituted to develop an ‘AI for India-Specific Regulatory Framework.’", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MeitY releases report on AI governance guidelines development for public consultation", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) has published a report on AI governance guidelines development for public consultation. The report makes the following recommendations: (1) to implement a whole-of-government approach to AI Governance, MeitY and the Principal Scientific Adviser should establish an empowered mechanism to coordinate AI Governance; (2) to develop a systems-level understanding of India’s AI ecosystem, MeitY should establish, and administratively house, a Technical Secretariat to serve as a technical advisory body and coordination focal point for the Committee/ Group; (3) to build evidence on actual risks and to inform harm mitigation, the Technical Secretariat should establish, house, and operate an AI incident database as a repository of problems experienced in the real world that should guide responses to mitigate or avoid repeated bad outcomes; (4) to enhance transparency and governance across the AI ecosystem, the Technical Secretariat should engage the industry to drive voluntary commitments on transparency across the overall AI ecosystem and on baseline commitments for high capability/widely deployed systems; (5) the Technical Secretariat should examine the suitability of technological measures to address AI related risks; and (6) form a sub-group to work with MEITY to suggest specific measures that may be considered under the proposed legislation like Digital India Act (DIA) to strengthen and harmonise the legal framework, regulatory and technical capacity and the adjudicatory set-up for the digital industries to ensure effective grievance redressal and ease of doing business. The consultation closes on 27 January 2025.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "US and India strengthen strategic technology partnership, covering AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/06/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-committed-to-strengthening-strategic-technology-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 6 January 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US and India strengthen strategic technology partnership, covering AI", "description_zh": "The United States and India have issued a declaration to strengthen the existing US-India strategic technology partnership (launched since 2022), including cooperation on AI and quantum computing. Specific commitments included promoting reciprocal investments in AI technology, strengthening cooperation around national security applications of AI, and further cooperation in quantum science and technology.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "US and India strengthen strategic technology partnership, covering AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/06/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-committed-to-strengthening-strategic-technology-partnership/", "description": "Primary source (hitehouse.gov) dated 6 January 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "US and India strengthen strategic technology partnership, covering AI", "description_zh": "The United States and India have issued a declaration to strengthen the existing US-India strategic technology partnership (launched since 2022), including cooperation on AI and quantum computing. Specific commitments included promoting reciprocal investments in AI technology, strengthening cooperation around national security applications of AI, and further cooperation in quantum science and technology.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "Draft Digital Personal Data Protection released, covering algorithms", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/259889.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated 4 January 2025 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Draft Digital Personal Data Protection released, covering algorithms", "description_zh": "The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has released for public consultation the draft Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules 2025, which will enforce provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023. The DPDP Rules provide a legal framework for 'data fiduciaries' - entities that collect personal data from 'data principals' or users - in order to protect that data against misuse and penalise firms who violate data protection principles. Among other obligations, the 'significant data fiduciaries' will be accountable for verifying that any algorithmic software they use to process personal data does not pose a risk to the rights of 'data principals'. This includes algorithms used for data hosting, storage, and sharing. Consultation closes on 18 February 2025.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 December 2024", "title": "Buckeye Trust v. PCIT", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/477/Buckeye_Trust_v._PCIT_India_30_December_2024.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the . Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Verify statutory provisions as cited and amend citation appropriately. Outcome: Judgment was retracted and case re-heard.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Buckeye Trust v. PCIT", "description_zh": "Judge appeared before the . Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Verify statutory provisions as cited and amend citation appropriately. Outcome: Judgment was retracted and case re-heard.", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Judgment was retracted and case re-heard", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "SEBI amends rules to mandate accountability for investment advisers using AI tools in India", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/dec-2024/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-investment-advisers-second-amendment-regulations-2024_89980.html", "description": "Securities and Exchange Board of India is made for protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEBI amends rules to mandate accountability for investment advisers using AI tools in India", "description_zh": "The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced the Investment Advisers (Second Amendment) Regulations 2025 which clarifies the responsibilities of investment advisers using AI tools. Investment advisers are now solely responsible for the security, confidentiality, and integrity of client data when utilising AI for investment advice. The amendment also requires investment advisers to disclose the extent of their use of AI tools in providing investment advice to ensure transparency with clients.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "Nasscom unveils developers' playbook for responsible AI", "url": "https://nasscom.in/ai/pdf/the-developer's-playbook-for-responsible-ai-in-india.pdf", "description": "Primary source (nasscom.in) dated 29 November 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nasscom unveils developers' playbook for responsible AI", "description_zh": "IT industry association Nasscom has unveiled 'The Developer's Playbook for Responsible AI in India', which offers a voluntary framework for developers to identify and mitigate the potential risks associated with the commercial development, deployment, and use of AI in India. The playbook was reviewed and validated by a diverse group of Indian and international subject matter experts and stakeholders across industry, government, academia, and civil society.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "Nasscom unveils developers' playbook for responsible AI", "url": "https://nasscom.in/ai/pdf/the-developer's-playbook-for-responsible-ai-in-india.pdf", "description": "Primary source (nasscom.in) dated 29 November 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nasscom unveils developers' playbook for responsible AI", "description_zh": "IT industry association Nasscom has unveiled 'The Developer's Playbook for Responsible AI in India', which offers a voluntary framework for developers to identify and mitigate the potential risks associated with the commercial development, deployment, and use of AI in India. The playbook was reviewed and validated by a diverse group of Indian and international subject matter experts and stakeholders across industry, government, academia, and civil society.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "24 November 2024", "title": "Government unlikely to regulate AI, instead working on a voluntary compliance code", "url": "https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/government-unlikely-to-regulate-ai-instead-working-on-a-voluntary-compliance-code/article68905275.ece", "description": "For instance, the government is discussing AI Safety Institutes that it is planning to set up. Discussions are going on about what needs to happen there | Photo Credit: Dado Ruvic", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Government unlikely to regulate AI, instead working on a voluntary compliance code", "description_zh": "It has been reported that (and consistent with previous news reports), according to sources from the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY), India's government is unlikely to make a policy or regulate AI as there are enough existing legal safeguards to penalise wrongdoers, particularly in the 3 priority areas of personal data protection, misrepresentation and deepfakes, and copyright protection. Instead, the government is likely to come up with a voluntary compliance code for different players. Further, MeitY sources have also suggested that: (1) the government may at some point in time legislate on AI; (2) the government is having ongoing discussions on setting up an AI Safety Institute; (3) MeitY is drafting a legislation which could be a standalone law requiring social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and X to include watermarks and labels on AI-generated content; and (4) MeitY is exploring legal frameworks to mandate companies developing large language models to train their systems on Indian local languages and context-specific content.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "India PM Modi and France President Macron discuss AI at G20 summit", "url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-french-president-macron-discuss-working-closely-in-space-energy-sectors/articleshow/115434334.cms?from=mdr", "description": "News report (economictimes.indiatimes.com, 19 November 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India PM Modi and France President Macron discuss AI at G20 summit", "description_zh": "It has been reported that, on the sidelines of the 19th G20 Summit (in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron met to discuss ways to keep working closely in sectors such as space, energy and AI. The two leaders reaffirmed commitment to their shared vision for bilateral cooperation. AI-related regulatory outcomes arising from this meeting have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "SEBI proposes stricter accountability for AI use in financial markets", "url": "https://www.sebi.gov.in/reports-and-statistics/reports/nov-2024/proposed-amendments-with-respect-to-assigning-responsibility-for-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-tools-by-market-infrastructure-institutions-registered-intermediaries-and-other-persons-regulated-b-_88470.html", "description": "Securities and Exchange Board of India is made for protect the interests of investors in securities and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities market and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEBI proposes stricter accountability for AI use in financial markets", "description_zh": "The Regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has released a proposal paper proposing to hold market infrastructure institutions and intermediaries accountable for consequences arising from their use of AI tools in operations or client services. This includes accountability for (1) the privacy, security and integrity of investors' and stakeholders' data including data maintained by it in a fiduciary capacity throughout the processes involved; (2) the output arising from the usage of such tools and techniques; and (3) the compliance with applicable laws in force.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "India rules out separate regulatory body for AI", "url": "https://www.ndtvprofit.com/technology/artificial-intelligence-government-rules-out-separate-regulatory-body-for-ai", "description": "Primary source (ndtvprofit.com) dated 23 October 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India rules out separate regulatory body for AI", "description_zh": "It has been reported that the Indian government is not considering setting up a separate body for the regulation of AI, according to officials at India's Ministry of Electronics and IT. Instead, guidelines and frameworks around the use of AI will come via an AI safety institute that will be set up soon.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "Communications Minister calls for AI regulation", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/regulatory-framework-must-for-ai-says-union-jyotiraditya-scindia/articleshow/114227535.cms", "description": "India Business News: Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia highlighted the urgency for a regulatory framework around AI, stressing the importance of addressing priv", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Communications Minister calls for AI regulation", "description_zh": "At the Telecommunications International Union - World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly event, Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia has emphasised the need for having a regulatory framework around AI, saying that a policy framework cannot be an \"afterthought\" and that concerns around privacy and algorithmic bias must be addressed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "Communications Minister calls for AI regulation", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/regulatory-framework-must-for-ai-says-union-jyotiraditya-scindia/articleshow/114227535.cms", "description": "India Business News: Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia highlighted the urgency for a regulatory framework around AI, stressing the importance of addressing priv", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Communications Minister calls for AI regulation", "description_zh": "At the Telecommunications International Union - World Telecommunication Standardisation Assembly event, Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia has emphasised the need for having a regulatory framework around AI, saying that a policy framework cannot be an \"afterthought\" and that concerns around privacy and algorithmic bias must be addressed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 October 2024", "title": "hindustantimes.com source on AI safety institute policy", "url": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/govt-mulls-setting-up-artificial-intelligence-safety-institute-101728833433153.html", "description": "Official source record dated 13 October 2024 for India concerning Government considers setting up AI Safety Institute. See the linked hindustantimes.com source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Government considers setting up AI Safety Institute", "description_zh": "It has been reported that the Indian government is considering whether or not it should set up an AI safety institute (AISI) that could help set standards, frameworks and guidelines for AI development without acting as a regulatory body or stifling innovation, top government officials told stakeholders in a consultation meeting held by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (on an anonymous basis). Further details have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 October 2024", "title": "MeitY discussion priorities for 2024-25 revealed, including AI", "url": "https://www.medianama.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/bull2mk_2024_08-10-24.pdf", "description": "Primary source (medianama.com) dated 8 October 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MeitY discussion priorities for 2024-25 revealed, including AI", "description_zh": "According to the Lok Sabha Bulletin, it is revealed that Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) will examine the following subjects in 2024-25: (i) Impact of emergence of Artificial Intelligence and related issues; (ii) Social and digital platforms and their regulation; (iii) Impact of Information Technology Agreement in the new age; (iv) Emergence of new forms of currencies and its impact; and (v) Digital and cyber crimes – Regulation and Monitoring. Further details have yet to be revealed for each topic, but it is indication of MeitY's regulatory priorities for the 2024-25 fiscal year.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "MeitY Minister reveals India's AI governance will not lean heavily on regulation like the US and Europe", "url": "https://www.medianama.com/2024/10/223-ai-regulation-data-privacy-law-approach-it-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw/", "description": "India’s AI governance will focus on innovation and may not lean heavily on regulation like the US and Europe, Minister of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Ashwini Vaishnaw said.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MeitY Minister reveals India's AI governance will not lean heavily on regulation like the US and Europe", "description_zh": "It has been reported that at the ET Startup Awards, Minister of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Ashwini Vaishnaw said (1) India's AI governance will focus on innovation and may not lean heavily on regulation like the US and Europe; and (2) India will adopt the same approach to AI regulation as it did to structure its data privacy law and telecom law, allowing \"space for innovation to flourish\" and also ensuring that \"harms which can come to the society are fully controlled\".", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "India and Singapore sign deal to cooperate on digital tech and semiconductors", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/india-singapore-sign-mous-semiconductors-digital-tech-2024-09-05/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 5 September 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India and Singapore sign deal to cooperate on digital tech and semiconductors", "description_zh": "India and Singapore have signed 4 memorandum of understandings (MoU) to elevate their strategic partnership in multiple areas, including digital technologies and semiconductors: (1) The MoU on digital technologies aims to enhance cooperation in areas such as digital public interfaces (like UPI payments), cybersecurity, 5G, and emerging technologies including supercomputing, quantum computing, and AI; and (2) the MoU on semiconductors aims to (a) support India’s growth plans and facilitate the entry of Singaporean companies and supply chains in the Indian market, and (b) include government-led policy exchanges on ecosystem development, supply chain resilience and workforce development.", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 August 2024", "title": "Bureau of Indian Standards preparing standards to regulate artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/india-preparing-standards-to-regulate-artificial-intelligence-report-12808384.html", "description": "News report (moneycontrol.com, 28 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bureau of Indian Standards preparing standards to regulate artificial intelligence", "description_zh": "It has been reported that the Bureau of Indian Standards is preparing a new set of regulations for AI and related applications in consultation with ministries of consumer affairs, information technology, education along with various industry stakeholders. Further details of these regulations have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 August 2024", "title": "Delhi High Court urges government to regulate deepfakes", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/deepfake-tech-going-to-be-a-serious-menace-in-society-hc/articleshow/112875396.cms", "description": "The Delhi High Court expressed concerns over deepfake technology and advised the Centre to take steps to combat its misuse. The issue arose during hea", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Delhi High Court urges government to regulate deepfakes", "description_zh": "The Delhi High Court has urged the Union ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeiTY) to consider enacting a law for regulating the proliferation of harmful manifestations of AI like deepfake on the internet, saying that such tools are going to be a \"menace in society\". In parallel, the court is also considering a plea filed by Chaitanya Rohilla seeking the formulation of guidelines to regulate AI and deep fake technologies. The plea had also sought identification and blocking of websites providing access to deepfake generator services.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 August 2024", "title": "Bureau of Indian Standards preparing standards to regulate artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/india-preparing-standards-to-regulate-artificial-intelligence-report-12808384.html", "description": "News report (moneycontrol.com, 28 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bureau of Indian Standards preparing standards to regulate artificial intelligence", "description_zh": "It has been reported that the Bureau of Indian Standards is preparing a new set of regulations for AI and related applications in consultation with ministries of consumer affairs, information technology, education along with various industry stakeholders. Further details of these regulations have yet to be revealed.", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology announces formation of advisory group for AI regulation", "url": "https://inc42.com/buzz/advisory-group-constituted-to-build-ai-regulatory-framework-govt/", "description": "MoS Jitin Prasada said that the panel has been tasked with building a framework to promote innovation while curbing the misuse of AI technologies", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology announces formation of advisory group for AI regulation", "description_zh": "Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology, Jitin Prasada, has recently informed the Parliament about the formation of an advisory group to create a framework to regulate AI in India. The advisory group's mandate includes (1) promoting innovation, (2) ensuring adequate guardrails to protect citizens against misuse and user harms, (3) creating contextualised ethical guidelines adaptable in India, and (4) promoting the development of trustworthy, fair, and inclusive AI.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-india-technology-security-initiative-factsheet", "description": "This initiative, agreed between the UK and India, will support crucial collaboration on telecoms security and unlocking investment for emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "description_zh": "India and the United Kingdom have adopted the Technology Security Initiative (TSI), aimed at enhancing collaboration in critical and emerging technologies across various sectors including internet and telecom services infrastructure, AI development, and semiconductor production. This initiative, part of the broader India-UK Roadmap 2030, focuses on issues such as design requirements for technologies and the elimination of bias in AI systems. The TSI will be coordinated by the National Security Advisors of both countries, with progress reviewed biannually at the Deputy NSA level.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-india-technology-security-initiative-factsheet", "description": "This initiative, agreed between the UK and India, will support crucial collaboration on telecoms security and unlocking investment for emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "description_zh": "India and the United Kingdom have adopted the Technology Security Initiative (TSI), aimed at enhancing collaboration in critical and emerging technologies across various sectors including internet and telecom services infrastructure, AI development, and semiconductor production. This initiative, part of the broader India-UK Roadmap 2030, focuses on issues such as design requirements for technologies and the elimination of bias in AI systems. The TSI will be coordinated by the National Security Advisors of both countries, with progress reviewed biannually at the Deputy NSA level.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 July 2024", "title": "Various private member bills on AI introduced", "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Jul/21/private-members-bill-barring-former-judges-from-joining-politics-deepfake-regulation-listed-in-rs-2", "description": "NEW DELHI: Private Members' Bills listed in Rajya Sabha for the upcoming Monsoon Session include one that seeks prohibition on holders of constitutional posts, like judges, joining a political party post retirement, a few bills on artificial intelligence and deepfake, as well as one on amending the citizenship law.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Various private member bills on AI introduced", "description_zh": "Various private member bills have been listed in the Council of States (i.e. the upper house of the Indian Parliament), including three bills on AI, namely: (1) a bill to protect the rights of employees from AI (introduced by MP Mausam Noor), (2) a bill to criminalize deepfakes (introduced by MP Noor), and (3) a bill to create an Artificial Intelligence Technology Regulatory Authority (introduced by MP P Sandosh Kumar).", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "IT union minister confirms again India is working on AI legislation", "url": "https://m.economictimes.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/government-working-on-regulation-for-ai-it-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw/articleshow/111454670.cms", "description": "During the Global IndiaAI Summit 2024, Jitin Prasada highlighted the imperative of responsible AI development and the global threat to democracies. International cooperation is crucial in managing the risks posed by AI technology.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "IT union minister confirms again India is working on AI legislation", "description_zh": "At the Global IndiaAI Summit 2024, the Union Minister for Electronics and IT Ashwini Vaishnaw has stated that (1) the government is working on regulation and legislations for AI with a focus on containing the risks associated with the technology and implementing guard rails around AI; (2) India favours global co-ordination mechanism to regulate AI; and (3) an upcoming \"India AI Mission\" which is expected to launch in 2-3 months with a budget of over ₹10,300 crore allocated for 5 years towards building a public platform where computing power, high-quality data sets, a common set of protocols and technical and legal frameworks are available.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "Vaishnaw takes charge of IT Ministry, with AI as a priority", "url": "https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/vaishnaw-takes-charge-of-it-ministry-wants-india-to-be-tech-leader-124061100467_1.html", "description": "Primary source (business-standard.com) dated 11 June 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Vaishnaw takes charge of IT Ministry, with AI as a priority", "description_zh": "Ashwini Vaishnaw will continue to serve as the minister for the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) and Railways in the third term of the Modi government. The top 5 priorities for the Ministry have been revealed as (1) integration of AI into various sectors, (2) positioning India as a global hub for semiconductor production, (3) expanding electronic exports (including IT hardware and telecom technologies), (4) implementing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act; and (5) overhauling the IT Act and replacing it with the forthcoming Digital India Act.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "Tech policy experts ask IT ministry to priortise AI regulation", "url": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/data-protection-ai-rules-top-techs-wishlist-for-next-govt/articleshow/110644307.cms", "description": "News report (economictimes.indiatimes.com, 3 June 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IN. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tech policy experts ask IT ministry to priortise AI regulation", "description_zh": "Technology policy lawyers, think tanks and policy groups are making a list of priority items for the new leadership at the IT ministry after the results of the general elections. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Rules seem to top the list, along with regulation of AI and the Digital India Bill (including revisiting fundamental concepts like intermediary liability, fake news and deepfake content).", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "MeitY Secretary hints on India's approach to AI regulation", "url": "https://www.google.com/amp/s/indianexpress.com/article/business/india-will-regulate-ai-but-not-at-the-cost-of-innovation-govt-official-9335211/lite/", "description": "Primary source (google.com): Avertissement de redirection.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MeitY Secretary hints on India's approach to AI regulation", "description_zh": "Speaking at the Confederation of Indian Industry’s (CII’s) Annual Business Summit 2024, Secretary of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) S Krishnan said the Indian government would adopt the approach it took while framing the Digital Personal Data Protection Act for preparing the regulations for AI. Krishnan also said that (1) India might hold an advantage over other nations by entering AI regulations later, as it can study and learn from the mistakes made by other countries; and (2) AI’s impact on job losses could be limited in India because of the large pool of engineers with exposure to the technology, though significant retraining and upskilling efforts would be necessary to safeguard India’s workforce from potential job losses.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 April 2024", "title": "Market Study on Artificial Intelligence and Competition in India", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2018466", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) dated 22 April 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Market Study on Artificial Intelligence and Competition in India", "description_zh": "The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has initiated a market study into on AI and competition in India, with submissions due by 3 June 2024. The study aims to explore the implications of the use of AI for competition, identify potential competition issues, and understand the implications of AI applications on market competition, efficiency, and innovation.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 April 2024", "title": "TRAI adopts recommendations for regulatory sandbox in digital communication sector", "url": "https://www.trai.gov.in/notifications/press-release/trai-releases-recommendations-encouraging-innovative-technologies", "description": "Primary source (trai.gov.in) dated 12 April 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TRAI adopts recommendations for regulatory sandbox in digital communication sector", "description_zh": "The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) adopted its recommendations for a regulatory sandbox framework aimed at supporting innovation in areas like AI in the digital communication sector. The framework will emphasise network security and consumer protection and includes provisions for regulatory exemptions, risk mitigation, and a well-defined exit strategy.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2 March 2024", "title": "MeitY issues advisory requiring tech companies to obtain permission before rolling out under-trial AI models", "url": "https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/03/04/meity_ai_advisory_1_march.pdf", "description": "Primary source (regmedia.co.uk) dated 2 March 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MeitY issues advisory requiring tech companies to obtain permission before rolling out under-trial AI models", "description_zh": "The Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has issued an advisory to major tech companies (e.g. Google and OpenAI), requiring them to obtain explicit permission from government to provide any 'under-trial' AI systems or large language models (LLMs) to India users. The recipient companies are required to ensure their AI services do not generate illegal responses under Indian law or compromise the electoral process. This involves adding traceability markers and labelling the fallibility of AI-generated outputs. While not legally binding, the advisory signals a future of regulation for AI platforms.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "India Government working on AI regulation framework to be released by July 2024", "url": "https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/govt-working-on-ai-regulation-framework-will-be-released-by-july-2024-says-it-minister-rajeev-chandrasekhar/ar-BB1iyRmM?ocid=finance-verthp-feeds", "description": "Primary source (msn.com) dated 20 February 2024 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India Government working on AI regulation framework to be released by July 2024", "description_zh": "At the Nasscom leadership summit in Mumbai, the Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology (Rajeev Chandrasekhar) has said that the government is working on AI regulation frameworks, which will be released by June or July 2024.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 February 2024", "title": "EAC Proposes Adaptive CAS Framework for effective AI Regulation", "url": "https://www.medianama.com/2024/02/223-economic-advisory-council-proposes-adaptive-cas-framework-for-effective-ai-regulation/", "description": "What’s the news: The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) advised the government to adopt a complex adaptive system (CAS) approach for the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in India. In a paper titled ‘ A Complex Adaptive System Framework to Regulate Artificial Intelligence ’ the EAC-PM analyzes AL policies of five other regions and pushes for a CAS approach with real-time guardrails rather than a predictive regulatory mechanism for AI.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EAC Proposes Adaptive CAS Framework for effective AI Regulation", "description_zh": "In its paper, the Economic Advisory Council to India's Prime Minister (EAC-PM) has recommended the adoption of a complex adaptive system (CAS) approach for regulating AI in India. A CAS is described as a dynamic network of many agents acting in parallel, constantly interacting with and adapting to changes in their environment. The EAC-PM states that AI systems are similar to Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), where components interact and evolve in unpredictable ways.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 February 2024", "title": "EAC Proposes Adaptive CAS Framework for effective AI Regulation", "url": "https://www.medianama.com/2024/02/223-economic-advisory-council-proposes-adaptive-cas-framework-for-effective-ai-regulation/", "description": "What’s the news: The Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) advised the government to adopt a complex adaptive system (CAS) approach for the regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in India. In a paper titled ‘ A Complex Adaptive System Framework to Regulate Artificial Intelligence ’ the EAC-PM analyzes AL policies of five other regions and pushes for a CAS approach with real-time guardrails rather than a predictive regulatory mechanism for AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EAC Proposes Adaptive CAS Framework for effective AI Regulation", "description_zh": "In its paper, the Economic Advisory Council to India's Prime Minister (EAC-PM) has recommended the adoption of a complex adaptive system (CAS) approach for regulating AI in India. A CAS is described as a dynamic network of many agents acting in parallel, constantly interacting with and adapting to changes in their environment. The EAC-PM states that AI systems are similar to Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), where components interact and evolve in unpredictable ways.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 November 2023", "title": "inc42.com source on deepfake-related enforcement and policy", "url": "https://inc42.com/buzz/pm-modi-raises-concerns-over-deepfakes-calls-for-global-regulation-of-ai/", "description": "Official source record dated 22 November 2023 for India concerning PM Modi Raises Concerns Over Deepfakes, Calls For Global Regulation Of AI. See the linked inc42.com source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PM Modi Raises Concerns Over Deepfakes, Calls For Global Regulation Of AI", "description_zh": "In his inaugural statement at the virtual G20 summit, India's Prime Minister Modi urged world leaders to work together to formulate policies for global regulation of AI to curb the growing menace of deepfakes.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 November 2023", "title": "India will regulate AI and ensure data privacy, says Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/news/india-will-regulate-ai-and-ensure-data-privacy-says-union-minister-rajeev-chandrasekhar", "description": "While addressing an event in Noida, Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar said the Indian government will regulate Artificial Intelligence to use it for constructive purposes. The Minister of State for Electronics and Information Technology made the remarks while attending the launch of the sixth edition of Infinity 2023. It is the annual technology conference conducted by Amity University in Sector 125 in response to a question about how the government plans to promise a safe use of AI in India.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India will regulate AI and ensure data privacy, says Union Minister Rajeev Chandrasekhar", "description_zh": "The Union Minister reitered the forthcoming Digital India Act will include regulation of AI.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 October 2023", "title": "IndiaAI 2023: Expert Group Report – First Edition", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/IndiaAI-Expert-Group-Report-First-Edition.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated 14 October 2023 in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IndiaAI 2023: Expert Group Report – First Edition", "description_zh": "A report submitted by the expert groups (established by the Ministry of Electronics and IT) which lays out the fulcrum of India’s AI strategy. The working groups detailed out the operational aspects of establishing Centers of Excellence, and the institutional framework on governing data collection, management, processing and storage by the National Data Management Office.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 August 2023", "title": "India enacts Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/niveditas-musings-on-tech-policy/the-digital-personal-data-protection-act-2023-some-relief-but-many-questions/", "description": "We encourage you to review our Terms of Service , and Privacy Policy . By continuing, you agree to the Terms listed here. In case you want to opt out, please click \"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information\" link in the footer of this page.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India enacts Digital Personal Data Protection Act", "description_zh": "India's first privacy legislation came into force on 11 August 2023.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 July 2023", "title": "IndiaAI source on AI governance", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/news/trai-calls-for-an-independent-authority-to-regulate-ai", "description": "Official source record dated 21 July 2023 for India concerning TRAI calls for an independent authority to regulate AI. See the linked indiaai.gov.in source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TRAI calls for an independent authority to regulate AI", "description_zh": "The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released recommendations on “Leveraging AI and Big Data in Telecommunication Sector”. The recommendations have suggested an urgent need to adopt a regulatory framework.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 July 2023", "title": "IndiaAI source on AI governance", "url": "https://indiaai.gov.in/news/trai-calls-for-an-independent-authority-to-regulate-ai", "description": "Official source record dated 21 July 2023 for India concerning TRAI calls for an independent authority to regulate AI. See the linked indiaai.gov.in source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TRAI calls for an independent authority to regulate AI", "description_zh": "The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released recommendations on “Leveraging AI and Big Data in Telecommunication Sector”. The recommendations have suggested an urgent need to adopt a regulatory framework.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "National Strategy for AI (2018)", "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Primary source (niti.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Education & Training", "Health & Life Sciences", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "National Strategy for AI (2018):", "description_zh": "A national strategy released by India's apex public policy think tank NITI Aayog to focus on five sectors that are envisioned to benefit the most from AI in solving societal needs: a) healthcare, b) agriculture, c) education, d) smart cities and infrastructure and e) smart mobility and transportation. Notably, on the issue of accountability, the strategy proposes a framework comprising of (1) negligence test for damages caused by AI software, as opposed to strict liability. This involves self-regulation by the stakeholders by conducting damage impact assessment at every stage of development of an AI model; (2) as an extension of the negligence test, safe harbours protections to insulate or limit liability so long as appropriate steps to design, test, monitor, and improve the AI product have been taken; (3) apportionment of damages regime so that the involved parties bear proportionate liability, rather than joint and several liability, for harm caused by products in which the AI is embedded, especially where the use of AI was unexpected, prohibited, or inconsistent with permitted use cases; and (4) actual harm requirements policy so that a lawsuit cannot proceed based only on a speculative damage or a fear of future damages.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill (2025)", "url": "https://sansad.in/getFile/BillsTexts/LSBillTexts/Asintroduced/59%20of%202025%20AS125202594603PM.pdf?source=legislation", "description": "Primary source (sansad.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Artificial Intelligence (Ethics and Accountability) Bill (2025):", "description_zh": "A Private Member Bill seeking to establish a statutory ethics and accountability framework governing the use of AI in decision-making, surveillance, and algorithmic systems across India. It sets out the scope, definitions, and commencement of a dedicated legal regime focused on fairness, transparency, and accountability in AI deployment. At the core of the Bill is the proposed constitution of an Ethics Committee for AI, mandated to develop ethical guidelines, monitor compliance, review instances of misuse or bias, and promote awareness among stakeholders. The Bill places explicit restrictions on the use of AI in surveillance and critical decision-making domains such as law enforcement, finance, and employment, requiring lawful purpose, prior oversight, and non-discrimination. Developers are assigned clear responsibilities relating to transparency, disclosure of data and methodologies, prevention of algorithmic bias, and maintenance of compliance records, alongside a structured grievance redressal mechanism for affected individuals or groups. The Bill further provides for significant penalties for non-compliance, including substantial monetary fines, suspension or revocation of licenses, and potential criminal liability for repeat violations. It outlines financial support to the Ethics Committee from the Consolidated Fund of India, annual reporting obligations to Parliament, and delegated rule-making powers to the Central Government.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Digital India Bill (2023)", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/DIA_Presentation%2009.03.2023%20Final.pdf", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) dated DRAFT in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digital India Bill (2023)", "description_zh": "A bill to replace the IT Act of 2000 and regulate high-risk AI systems.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Information Technology Act (2000)", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/content/information-technology-act-2000", "description": "Primary source (meity.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Information Technology Act (2000):", "description_zh": "India's primary legislation that governs electronic transactions, digital governance and cybersecurity. It does not directly regulate AI, but may affect the development or use of AI in India. This act is set to be replaced by the Digital India Act 2023.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023)", "url": "https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf", "description": "Primary source (egazette.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023):", "description_zh": "India's privacy legislation imposes 'data fiduciary' obligations on certain AI developers.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Strengthening AI Governance Through Techno-Legal Framework (2026)", "url": "https://psa.gov.in/CMS/web/sites/default/files/publication/AI-WP_TechnoLegal.pdf", "description": "Primary source (psa.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Strengthening AI Governance Through Techno-Legal Framework (2026):", "description_zh": "The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (OPSA) to the Government of India has published its second white paper, “Strengthening AI Governance Through Techno-Legal Framework,” which advocates for an integrated model that embeds legal, technical, and institutional safeguards directly into the AI lifecycle by design. This \"techno-legal\" approach seeks to balance risk mitigation with a pro-innovation stance, utilizing a combination of baseline legal protections, sector-specific regulations, and technical controls to ensure accountability and safety without stifling technological progress. Released by PSA Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, the document outlines practical pathways for operationalizing governance—such as developing compliance tools and leveraging India's Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)—building on the foundation set by the December 2025 white paper on democratizing AI infrastructure. Ultimately, these papers serve as strategic knowledge documents intended to guide domestic policy deliberations and solidify India’s leadership role in the global discourse on ethical and trusted AI ecosystems.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "India AI Governance Guidelines (IndiaAI)", "url": "https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2228315®=3&lang=2", "description": "Primary source (pib.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "India AI Governance Guidelines (IndiaAI):", "description_zh": "India's Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has unveiled the India AI Governance Guidelines under the IndiaAI Mission, aiming to establish a safe, inclusive, and responsible AI ecosystem. These guidelines are built upon seven core principles—Trust, People First, Innovation over Restraint, Fairness & Equity, Accountability, Understandable by Design, and Safety, Resilience & Sustainability—collectively termed the \"Seven Sutras\" of India's AI governance philosophy. The guidelines propose the formation of the AI Governance Group (AIGG), supported by the Technology and Policy Expert Committee (TPEC) and the AI Safety Institute (AISI), to oversee national AI policy, risk assessment, and technical safety standards. An accompanying Action Plan outlines measures such as developing India-specific AI risk frameworks, establishing incident reporting systems, launching awareness programs, creating liability regimes, and piloting regulatory sandboxes for emerging AI technologies.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Operationalising Principles for Responsible AI (2021)", "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-08/Part2-Responsible-AI-12082021.pdf", "description": "Primary source (niti.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Operationalising Principles for Responsible AI (2021):", "description_zh": "This paper identifies the various mechanisms needed for operationalizing responsible AI principles.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Principles for Responsible AI (2021)", "url": "https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-02/Responsible-AI-22022021.pdf", "description": "Primary source (niti.gov.in) in IN. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Principles for Responsible AI (2021):", "description_zh": "This paper establishes broad ethics principles for design, development and deployment of AI in India – drawing on similar global initiatives but grounded in the Indian legal and regulatory context.", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "India AI Regulation Developments (November 2024)", "url": "https://carnegieindia.org/research/2024/11/indias-advance-on-ai-regulation?lang=en¢er=india", "description": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "India’s Advance on AI Regulation (21 November 2024):", "description_zh": "This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of AI regulation in India by examining perspectives across government, industry, and civil society stakeholders. It evaluates the current regulatory state and proposes a policy roadmap forward. Does India need new AI regulations? What should they look like? Who is driving this debate in India and what are their views?", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "India AI Regulation Policy Analysis (November 2023)", "url": "https://thediplomat.com/2023/11/resolving-indias-ai-regulation-dilemma/", "description": "In a previous article , we introduced India’s AI regulation dilemma. The Indian government has weighed a non-regulatory approach, emphasizing the need to innovate, promote, and adapt to the rapid advancement of AI technologies, with a more cautious one, focusing on the risks associated with AI, notably job displacement, misuse of data, and other unintended consequences.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Resolving India's AI Regulation Dilemma (4 November 2023):", "description_zh": "Thie article examines existing AI regulation approaches from the United Kingdom, the United States, the European Union, and China, and analyze India's current economic and geopolitical situations to develop a proposal to resolve India's AI regulation dilemma.", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "date": "2026-02-27", "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani & Anr. v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao & Anr.", "url": "/documents/1578/Gummadi_Usha_Rani_vs_Sure_Mallikarjuna_Rao.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment (note year '1071' is manifestly erroneous); High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court determined it to be AI‑generated and not a genuine precedent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gummadi Usha Rani & Anr. v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao & Anr.", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment (note year '1071' is manifestly erroneous); High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court determined it to be AI‑generated and not a genuine precedent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court relied on this alleged judgment in the Advocate Commissioner's Report; High Court found it AI‑generated and non‑existent.", "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-25", "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao", "url": "/documents/1395/GUMMADI_USHA_RANI_v._SURE_MALLIKARJUNA_RAO.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Gajanan v. Ramdas ((2015) 6 SCC 223)', which could not be located and was found to have been produced by the AI tool used by the Judicial Officer. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order referred to 'Subramani v. M.Natarajan ((2013) 14 SCC 95)', which verification could not locate; the Judicial Officer reported the citation was AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Chidambaram PIllai v. SAL Ramasamy (1071 (2) SCC 68)', which could not be traced and was admitted to be AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Lakshmi Devi v. K.Prabha ((2006) 5 SCC 551)', which the Judicial Officer could not verify and reported as AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Gajanan v. Ramdas ((2015) 6 SCC 223)', which could not be located and was found to have been produced by the AI tool used by the Judicial Officer. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order referred to 'Subramani v. M.Natarajan ((2013) 14 SCC 95)', which verification could not locate; the Judicial Officer reported the citation was AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Chidambaram PIllai v. SAL Ramasamy (1071 (2) SCC 68)', which could not be traced and was admitted to be AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial Court's order cited 'Lakshmi Devi v. K.Prabha ((2006) 5 SCC 551)', which the Judicial Officer could not verify and reported as AI-generated.", "court": "HC Andhra Pradesh", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Mr. Deepak s/o Shivkumar Bahry v. Heart & Soul Entertainment Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1327/deepak-shivkumar-bahry-vs-heart-soul-entertainment-ltd-647256.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions cited a non-existent case \"Jyoti w/o Dinesh Tulsiani Vs. Elegant Associates\" with no citation or copy; court and law clerks could not locate it and concluded submissions likely AI-generated, causing wasted judicial time.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mr. Deepak s/o Shivkumar Bahry v. Heart & Soul Entertainment Ltd.", "description_zh": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions cited a non-existent case \"Jyoti w/o Dinesh Tulsiani Vs. Elegant Associates\" with no citation or copy; court and law clerks could not locate it and concluded submissions likely AI-generated, causing wasted judicial time.", "court": "HC Bombay", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "MS J M Jain Prop Sh Jeetmal Choraria v. Union of India & Ors.", "url": "/documents/1160/Jeetmal_Choraria_v._India_India_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation for Kishan Lal v. Union of India (2003) 258 ITR 359 (Del HC) to be incorrect; physical verification showed the actual reported decision at that citation related to Commissioner of Income Tax v. Kishan Lal (HUF) on different issues. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the judgment cited as Surjeet Singh Chhabda (1997) 223 ITR 506 (SC) to be non-existent upon physical verification; citation at that reference corresponds to a different case (Neela Production v. Commissioner of Income Tax). Court warned against AI-generated fake judgments.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MS J M Jain Prop Sh Jeetmal Choraria 诉印度及其他联盟。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院认为 Kishan Lal v. Union of India (2003) 258 ITR 359 (Del HC) 的引证不正确；实物核查显示，该传票中实际报告的决定与所得税专员诉 Kishan Lal (HUF) 就不同问题有关。 ||捏造：判例法|法院经实物核实后认为 Surjeet Singh Chhabda (1997) 223 ITR 506 (SC) 所引用的判决不存在；该参考文献中的引文对应于不同的案例（Neela Production v. Commissioner of Income Tax）。法院警告人工智能生成的虚假判决。", "court": "Delhi High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "KMG Wires Private Limited v. The National Faceless Assessment Centre et al.", "url": "/documents/925/KMG-Wires-Private-Limited.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Assessing Officer relied on three judicial decisions to include opening balance in peak-balance calculation; the court found those decisions to be non-existent and directed Respondent to show source.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "KMG Wires Private Limited 诉国家不露面评估中心等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|评估官依据三项司法判决将期初余额纳入峰值余额计算；法院认为这些决定不存在，并指示被告出示来源。", "court": "High Court Bombay", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Assessment quashed and set aside", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "proposed Digital India Act would replace the IT Act of 2000 and regulate AI, emphasizing accountability, safety and privacy", "url": "", "description": "A proposed Digital India Act would replace the IT Act of 2000 and regulate AI, emphasizing accountability, safety and privacy. The Indian government has advocated for a robust, citizen-centric and inclusive \"AI for all\" environment. A task force was established to make recommendations on ethical, legal and societal issues related to AI, and to establish an AIregulatory authority. According to its National Strategy for AI, India hopes to become what it calls an \"AI garage\" for emerging and developing economies where scalable solutions can be easily implemented and designed for global deployment. MeitY released the India AI Governance Guidelines in November 2025, which outlines key principles, issues and recommendations, a government action plan, and practical guidelines for industry actors, all to spur safe and trustworthy AI innovation. NITI Aayog published two AI policy documents in 2021, discussing principles and the operationalization of responsible AI. India's government is open to new regulation for AI, but wants to achieve consensus. To this effect, India released a report on AI governance guidelines, pointing to recommendations for a future regulatory framework. At the same time, India is developing standards for organizations that lay out benchmarks for reliability, explainability, transparency, privacy and security. In November 2024, India released the Developer's Playbook for Responsible AI in India, detailing the government's unified industry framework for AI risk identification and mitigation. Protection Act[IN FORCE] J Copyright Act[IN FORCE] J National e-Governance Plan MeitY released an AI advisory requiring that platforms ensure their AI models do not disseminate unlawful content or threaten the electoral process.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拟议的数字印度法案将取代 2000 年的 IT 法案并监管人工智能，强调问责制、安全和隐私", "description_zh": "拟议的《数字印度法案》将取代 2000 年的《信息技术法案》，对人工智能进行监管，强调问责制、安全和隐私。印度政府倡导建立一个强大的、以公民为中心和包容性的“人工智能为所有人”的环境。成立了一个工作组，就与人工智能相关的道德、法律和社会问题提出建议，并建立人工智能监管机构。根据其国家人工智能战略，印度希望成为新兴和发展中经济体所谓的“人工智能车库”，在那里可以轻松实施和设计可扩展的解决方案以供全球部署。 MeitY 于 2025 年 11 月发布了《印度人工智能治理指南》，概述了关键原则、问题和建议、政府行动计划以及行业参与者的实用指南，所有这些都是为了刺激安全和值得信赖的人工智能创新。 NITI Aayog 于 2021 年发布了两份人工智能政策文件，讨论了负责任的人工智能的原则和实施。印度政府对人工智能新监管持开放态度，但希望达成共识。为此，印度发布了一份关于人工智能治理指南的报告，指出了对未来监管框架的建议。与此同时，印度正在为组织制定标准，为可靠性、可解释性、透明度、隐私和安全制定基准。 2024 年 11 月，印度发布了《印度负责任人工智能开发者手册》，详细介绍了政府用于人工智能风险识别和缓解的统一行业框架。保护法[已生效] J 版权法[已生效] J 国家电子政务计划 MeitY 发布了一份人工智能建议，要求平台确保其人工智能模型不会传播非法内容或威胁选举进程。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 2024", "title": "India National Strategy for AI", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "Aims to make India an 'AI garage' for developing economies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度国家人工智能战略", "description_zh": "旨在使印度成为发展中经济体的“人工智能车库”。" }, { "date": "14 April 2026", "title": "India amendment to Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) on intermediary compliance", "url": "https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2026/03/a71a21d35c107f2e528363d3eb17646a.pdf", "description": "MeitY closed consultation on amendment to IT rules clarifying intermediary obligations to preserve removed content, requiring compliance with advisory directions as part of statutory due diligence, and extending Code scope to user-generated news content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度关于中介合规的信息技术修正案（中介指南和数字媒体道德守则）", "description_zh": "MeitY 结束了关于 IT 规则修正案的咨询，该修正案明确了保留已删除内容的中介义务，要求遵守咨询指示作为法定尽职调查的一部分，并将准则范围扩大到用户生成的新闻内容。" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "India Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Amendment Rules 2026 on e-commerce country of origin filter mandate", "url": "https://consumeraffairs.gov.in/public/upload/files/2026.02.13%20PCR%201st%20COO%20Filter%20on%20e-commerce%20websites_1771231030.pdf", "description": "The Ministry of Consumer Affairs adopted the Legal Metrology (Packaged Commodities) Amendment Rules requiring all e-commerce entities selling imported products to display a searchable and sortable filter indicating country of origin.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度法定计量（包装商品）2026 年修订规则关于电子商务原产地过滤任务", "description_zh": "消费者事务部通过了《法定计量（包装商品）修订规则》，要求所有销售进口产品的电子商务实体显示可搜索和可排序的原产地过滤器。" }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade closes consultation on working paper on generative AI and copyright, focusing on remuneration rights", "url": "https://www.dpiit.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/12/ff266bbeed10c48e3479c941484f3525.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade closes the consultation on Part 1 of the working paper on generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and copyright. The paper applies to AI system developers using copyrighted materials for training generative AI models in India. The paper recommended a hybrid model based on a mandatory blanket licence allowing AI developers to use lawfully accessed copyrighted works for training, combined with a statutory remuneration r", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业和内贸促进部结束关于生成式人工智能和版权工作文件的磋商，重点是报酬权", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 7 日，工业和国内贸易促进部结束了关于生成人工智能 (AI) 和版权的工作文件第 1 部分的磋商。该论文适用于印度的人工智能系统开发人员使用受版权保护的材料来训练生成式人工智能模型。该论文推荐了一种基于强制一揽子许可的混合模型，允许人工智能开发人员使用合法获取的受版权保护的作品进行培训，并结合法定报酬" }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "National Institution for Transforming India adopted report on leveraging AI for accelerated economic growth", "url": "https://niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-09/AI-for-Viksit-Bharat-the-opportunity-for-accelerated-economic-growth.pdf", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) adopted the report on leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) for accelerated economic growth. The report highlights steps to support India's goal of 8% GDP growth by 2035 through AI adoption across sectors. It references the India AI Mission, approved by the Indian Cabinet in March 2024 and applies to India's AI ecosystem with an INR 10,000 crore budget over five years. The report recommends that Indian financial", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度国家转型机构通过了关于利用人工智能加速经济增长的报告", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，印度国家转型机构 (NITI Aayog) 通过了关于利用人工智能 (AI) 加速经济增长的报告。该报告强调了通过跨部门采用人工智能来支持印度到 2035 年 GDP 增长 8% 的目标所采取的步骤。它引用了印度内阁于 2024 年 3 月批准的印度人工智能使命，适用于五年内预算为 1000 亿印度卢比的印度人工智能生态系统。 报告建议印度金融" }, { "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani & Anr. v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao & Anr.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1578/Gummadi_Usha_Rani_vs_Sure_Mallikarjuna_Rao.pdf", "date": "27 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gummadi Usha Rani v. Sure Mallikarjuna Rao", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1395/GUMMADI_USHA_RANI_v._SURE_MALLIKARJUNA_RAO.pdf", "date": "25 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mr. Deepak s/o Shivkumar Bahry v. Heart & Soul Entertainment Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1327/deepak-shivkumar-bahry-vs-heart-soul-entertainment-ltd-647256.pdf", "date": "7 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "MS J M Jain Prop Sh Jeetmal Choraria v. Union of India & Ors.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1160/Jeetmal_Choraria_v._India_India_18_November_2025.pdf", "date": "18 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "KMG Wires Private Limited v. The National Faceless Assessment Centre et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/925/KMG-Wires-Private-Limited.pdf", "date": "6 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 267, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "356" }, { "id": "IR", "title": "Iran", "entries": [ { "date": "24 December 2024", "title": "Supreme Council of Cyberspace order lifting restrictions on WhatsApp and the Google Play Store", "url": "https://president.ir/en/156166", "description": "On 24 December 2024, Iran's Supreme Council of Cyberspace adopted an order to lift access restrictions on WhatsApp and the Google Play Store. Other social media platforms, including Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube, remain blocked after they were banned in 2009.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络空间最高委员会下令解除对 WhatsApp 和 Google Play 商店的限制", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 24 日，伊朗网络空间最高委员会通过命令，取消对 WhatsApp 和 Google Play 商店的访问限制。其他社交媒体平台，包括 Facebook、X（以前称为 Twitter）和 YouTube，在 2009 年被禁止后仍然被封锁。" }, { "title": "Computer Crimes Law (Law on Computer Crimes)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/18/contents", "description": "AI law in Iran: Iran's Computer Crimes Law (Law No. 71063), approved by parliament in January 2009 and effective June 2009, establishes criminal penalties for unauthorized access, data theft, computer fraud, and cybercrimes. The law comprises 5 parts and 55 sections and is incorporated into the Islamic Penal Code....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "计算机犯罪法（计算机犯罪法）", "description_zh": "伊朗的人工智能法：伊朗《计算机犯罪法》（第 71063 号法律）于 2009 年 1 月获得议会批准并于 2009 年 6 月生效，规定了对未经授权的访问、数据盗窃、计算机欺诈和网络犯罪的刑事处罚。该法律由 5 个部分 55 条组成，并已纳入《伊斯兰刑法典》……" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Iran, Russia sign agreement to boost AI, cyber security cooperation", "url": "https://en.irna.ir/news/86016120/Iran-Russia-sign-cooperation-memorandum-on-AI-and-cyber-security", "description": "Primary source (en.irna.ir) dated 5 December 2025 in IR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊朗与俄罗斯签署协议加强人工智能和网络安全合作", "description_zh": "伊朗和俄罗斯签署了一份谅解备忘录，以加强通信和信息技术合作，重点关注人工智能、网络安全、智能政府、区块链、金融科技、监管和邮政服务等领域。该协议由伊朗信息和通信技术部副部长​​梅萨姆·阿贝迪和俄罗斯数字发展、通信和大众媒体部副部长亚历山大·肖伊托夫在联合工作组第五次会议后在莫斯科签署。两国旨在加强在数据传输、电子治理和人工智能工具开发方面的合作，利用共同的研究和实践项目来生产更高质量的产品和服务。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金砖国家+签署人工智能治理宣言", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非，以及截至 2025 年 1 月 1 日的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的外交部长在里约热内卢举行会议后发表了一份宣言，其中包括承诺在人工智能方面优先考虑透明度、道德标准、数据保护和公平的发展成果，特别是在解决国家之间和国家内部的数字和数据不平等方面。金砖+外长强调在联合国框架内建立包容性、代表性的人工智能国际治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Iran's proposed Hijab and Chastity Bill tightens surveillance measures", "url": "https://www.iranintl.com/en/202405274040", "description": "Iran has set forth stringent measures under the proposed Hijab and Chastity Bill to enforce mandatory hijab laws, utilizing surveillance cameras as a key tool in monitoring compliance.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊朗拟议的头巾和贞操法案收紧监视措施", "description_zh": "伊朗提出了《头巾和贞操法案》，该法案除其他外，将授权伊朗政策使用“智能系统”（例如面部识别和监控技术）来执行强制性头巾法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 March 2024", "title": "Iran's President wants new focus on AI", "url": "https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2024/03/17/3056192/iran-s-admin-pushing-to-advance-ai-technologies-president", "description": "Primary source (tasnimnews.com) dated 17 March 2024 in IR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊朗总统希望重新关注人工智能", "description_zh": "在德黑兰会见各行会和虚拟企业代表时，莱西总统表达了政府对数字经济和人工智能技术增强的支持。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.tasnimnews.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /en/news/2024/03/17/3056192/iran-s-admin-pushing-to-advance-ai-technologies-president (Caused by NameResolutionError(\"HTTPSConnection(host='www.tasnimnews.com', port=443): Failed to resolve 'www", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 January 2022", "title": "Iran plans to become a leading country in AI", "url": "https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/469628/Iran-plans-to-become-a-leading-country-in-AI", "description": "TEHRAN – Iran will be placed among the top 10 countries in artificial intelligence (AI) by 2032 based on the national document on artificial intelligence strategy, Shahram Moein, head of innovation and development center of artificial intelligence at the Research Institute of Information and Communication Technology, said.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊朗计划成为人工智能领先国家", "description_zh": "据悉，伊朗信息与通信技术研究所于2021年11月底完成了伊朗国家人工智能战略。该战略旨在到2032年使伊朗跻身人工智能前10名国家之列。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 7, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "364" }, { "id": "IE", "title": "Ireland", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Registration requirement for video on-demand in Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill", "url": "https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/si/71/made/en/print", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act entered into force following the adoption of the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media of the Commencement Order 2023 enforcing the Act. The transposes the Audiovisual Media Services Directive and introduces a registration requirement for video-on-demand platforms.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Establishment of a Media Commission in Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill", "url": "https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/si/71/made/en/print", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act entered into force following the adoption of the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media of the Commencement Order 2023 enforcing the Act. The Act transposes the Audiovisual Media Services Directive into Irish law and creates a new agency, the Media Commission. The Media Commission will replace the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland and will be in charge of the new regulatory framework introduced as part of th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission investigation into WhatsApp over alleged violations of GDPR", "url": "https://infocuria.curia.europa.eu/tabs/document/C/2023/C-0097-23-00000000PV-01-P-01/ARRET/315430-EN-1-html", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) set aside the General Court’s 7 December 2022 dismissal and referred the case back to the General Court. The decision resolves an appeal lodged by WhatsApp Ireland in Case C-97/23 P, seeking to overturn the General Court’s (GC) order of 7 December 2022 in Case T‑709/21. The GC had dismissed WhatsApp’s action for annulment as inadmissible, ruling that Binding Decision 1/2021 of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-10", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into TikTok over alleged violations of GDPR concerning processing of children's data", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AC_202300782", "description": "On 10 October 2023, TikTok filed an appeal against the fine and compliance order issued by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) Commission based on the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) binding decision. On 15 September 2023, the DPC imposed a EUR 345 million fine on Tiktok over General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) violations and issued an order requiring the company to change its children's data processing practices to ensure compliance with the laws within 3 months. During it...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-18", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission inquiry into Twitter regarding alleged violation of Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/confirmation-fine-twitter-international-company", "description": "On 18 October 2021, the Dublin Circuit Court confirmed the fine handed out by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) on 9 December 2020 when it sanctioned Twitter for infringements of Articles 33(1) and 33(5) of the Irish General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Twitter has to pay an administrative fine of €450,000 for its failure to notify the data breach on time and for failing to correctly document the breach. Following an inquiry, the agency found that the company should have known ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-31", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission guidance \"Fundamentals for a Child-Oriented Approach to Data Processing\"", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/consultations/children-front-and-centre-fundamentals-child-oriented-approach-data-processing", "description": "On 31 March 2022, The Irish Data Protection Commission closed the consultation on the \"Fundamentals for a Child-Oriented Approach to Data Processing\". The approach aims to improve data processing and protection with a focus on children, grounding in previous consultations of children and young people, parents and educators. The main concern is that children have continuous and increased access to online content and platforms and are at risk for having their data stolen, used, and sold.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-15", "title": "DPC investigation into Meta (Facebook) data breaches", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-announces-decision-meta-facebook-inquiry", "description": "On 15 March 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) adopted a decision on the investigation into Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (formerly Facebook Ireland Limited) concerning twelve data breach notifications issued to the Commission between June and December 2018. The DPC found that Meta Platforms infringed the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) for failing to employ appropriate technical and organisational security measures to protect the data of EU users. For this reason, th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-21", "title": "Communications (Retention of Data) (Amendment) Act 2022", "url": "https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/bills/bill/2022/72/?fbclid=IwAR3IFuKV1wrmssVbhj-UAG7RSDj5UKK1nxO3eYjzf0BCacFRsSqOiRMjL_E&tab=debates", "description": "On 21 July 2022, the President of Ireland signed into law the Communications (Retention of Data) Amendment Act. The Act requires electronic communications services providers to store the user's personal data, including identity, address, location, web browsing history and phone number, for a year if the individual was found guilty or is under investigation for criminal offences. Furthermore, the Act would require electronic communications services providers to disclose the personal data it s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigations into TikTok for alleged violations of GDPR data transfer provisions", "url": "https://www2.courts.ie/acc/alfresco/e401aa8e-bc84-4a36-9ec9-fa469a83882a/2025_IEHC_619.pdf/pdf#view=fitH", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the High Court granted TikTok's application to stay the data transfer suspension order and corrective order issued by the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC), pending TikTok's appeal of the DPC's decision. TikTok's application to stay the orders follows the DPC's decision on 2 May 2025 to fine TikTok EUR 530 million and order TikTok to suspend its personal data transfers from the European Economic Area (EEA) to China. TikTok lodged an appeal against the decision on 27 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-27", "title": "Data Protection Commission's investigation into Yahoo!", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/Irish-DPC-submits-Article-60-draft-decision-on-inquiry-into-Yahoo", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) submitted a draft decision on an investigation into Yahoo! to the EU data regulatory authorities. Under Article 60 of the GDPR, any concerned supervisors have until 24 November 2022 to send the Irish DPC any relevant and reasoned objections to the draft decision. The DPC launched an investigation into the use of cookies on the search engine website Yahoo! and its possible violation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-27", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Bank of Ireland compliance with GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2023-03/Final%20Decision%20IN-20-7-2%20Bank%20of%20Ireland%20%28BOI%29%20365.pdf", "description": "On 27 February 2023, the Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced a ruling in its investigation into the Bank of Ireland (BOI) over alleged data breach concerns when using their Banking365 application. The investigation intended to establish whether the BOI ignored its responsibilities and whether any articles of the Data Protection Act 2018 and/or the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) were violated in connection to a number of personal data breaches. The data breaches allowed indiv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission Guidance on Records of Processing Activities (RoPA)", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2023-04/Records%20of%20Processing%20Activities%20%28RoPA%29%20under%20Article%2030%20GDPR.pdf", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the Irish Data Protection Commission published a Guidance Note entitled “Records of Processing Activities (RoPA) under Article 30 GDPR”. The Guidance outlines how to comply with the requirement set in Article 30 of the GDPR concerning the obligation of data controllers and processors to maintain a detailed record identifying the activities the organisation carries out using personal data. More specifically, the Guidance lists the “Do’s and Don’ts” for data controllers and pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-21", "title": "DPC investigation into Airbnb over alleged unlawful data collection", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/resources/law/decisions/inquiry-concerning-airbnb-ireland-june-2023", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a ruling following its investigation into Airbnb following a complaint that the company had illicitly requested a copy of the complainant's identification (ID) to validate their identity. The DPC found that Airbnb’s retention infringed the principles of data minimisation and the principle of storage limitation of the GDPR. The DPC ordered Airbnb to delete from all of its systems and records the complainant’s identity documents...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-14", "title": "Investigation into Airbnb regarding alleged violation of the GDPR", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/dpc-guidance/law/decisions-made-under-data-protection-act-2018/Inquiry-into-Airbnb-Ireland-UC-September-2023", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a decision concerning a complaint filed against Airbnb Ireland UC (Airbnb) regarding allegations against Airbnb's breach of GDPR obligations. The concerns focused on Airbnb's failure to adequately fulfil an erasure request, the improper retention of personal data, non-compliance with the data minimisation principle, and a violation of transparency and information provision principles. The DPC determined that Airbnb approp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-15", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Microsoft's compliance with GDPR regarding erasure requests", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/dpc-guidance/law/decisions-made-under-data-protection-act-2018/Inquiry-concerning-erasure-requests-submitted-to-Microsoft-Ireland-Operations-Limited-November-2023", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) closed its investigation into Microsoft Ireland, determining it had failed to comply with two erasure requests in infringement of Articles 12 and 17 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DPC determined that Microsoft failed to inform the complainant of their right to judicial remedy and failed to erase their data without undue delay. The DPC ordered Microsoft to update its policies to properly inform users of thei...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "DPC Investigation into Airbnb Ireland UC regarding the processing of personal information", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/dpc-guidance/law/decisions-made-under-data-protection-act-2018/inquiry-into-airbnb-ireland-uc-january-2024", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Data Protection Commission (the DPC) issued a decision following an investigation into a complaint against Airbnb Ireland UC (Airbnb). The investigation focused on Airbnb's alleged unlawful request for a copy of the complainant's ID card in order to verify his identity for the purposes of a deletion request. The DPC found that Airbnb had no lawful basis for requesting the complainant's ID at the time of registering an account nor for requesting a copy of the complainan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-09", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission investigation into Google AI model for alleged violations of GDPR data protection impact assessment", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-launches-inquiry-google-ai-model", "description": "On 12 September 2024, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced that they launched a statutory cross-border investigation into Google Ireland Limited under Section 110 of the Data Protection Act 2018. In particular, the DPC will investigate whether Google complied with its obligations to conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), as required under Article 35 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), before processing personal data of EU/EEA individuals in developin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-09", "title": "CNAM investigation into online platform compliance with EU Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-opens-review-of-online-platforms-compliance-with-eu-digital-services-act/", "description": "On 12 September 2024, Ireland's media regulator (CNAM) initiated an investigation into the compliance of online platforms in Ireland with their obligations under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The DSA mandates that platforms offer accessible, user-friendly reporting systems and maintain clear contact points for users. CNAM has requested detailed information from TikTok, X, YouTube, Meta, LinkedIn, Temu, Pinterest, Shein, Etsy, Dropbox, Hostelworld, and Tumblr. After reviewing the responses,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-17", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Meta over alleged non-compliance with security requirements under GDPR", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/irish-data-protection-commission-fines-meta-eu251-million", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) concluded its investigation into Meta by issuing final decisions related to a data breach reported in September 2018. This breach affected approximately 29 million Facebook accounts globally, including around 3 million within the EU/EEA, exposing sensitive personal data. The DPC's investigation found Meta in violation of several General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provisions, notably in failing to include all required infor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "title": "Order designating Competition and Consumer Protection Commission as competent supervisory authority for compliance with the European Data Governance Act Regulations (EU Regulation 2022/8688)", "url": "https://www.ccpc.ie/business/ccpc-given-responsibility-for-enforcement-of-eu-data-governance-act/", "description": "On 23 December 2024, the designation of Ireland's Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) as competent authority under the EU Data Governance Act Regulations (EU Regulation 2022/8688) enters into force. The Regulations aim to boost data sharing and innovation while safeguarding privacy and sensitive information. It applies to entities involved in data intermediation services and data altruism across the European Union. The CCPC is responsible for managing notifications, maintain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Bill establishing National AI Office", "url": "https://www.fiannafail.ie/news/deputy-naoise-%C3%B3-cear%C3%BAil-introduces-bill-to-establish-national-artificial-intelligence-office", "description": "On 14 July 2025, the National Artificial Intelligence Bill was introduced to Leinster House to establish the National Artificial Intelligence Office as a dedicated State body responsible for overseeing, enforcing, and supporting the ethical, transparent, and innovative use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Ireland. The proposed Office is mandated to provide independent oversight of high-risk AI systems, facilitate the adoption and deployment of AI technologies across both the public sector a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "Government order on designation of National Competent Authorities under European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act)", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/news-and-events/department-news/2025/september/20250916.html", "description": "On 16 September 2025, Ireland designated additional authorities under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) to bring the total number of designated National Competent Authorities to 15. These included the Media Commission, the Commission for Regulation of Utilities, the Health Service Executive, the Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment, the Minister for Transport, the National Transport Authority, and the Workplace Relations Commission. A national Single Point ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "Coimisiun na Mean investigation into X over alleged non-compliance with Article 20 of the EU Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-investigation-into-x/", "description": "On 12 November 2025, the Coimisiún na Meán (Media Commission) opened a formal investigation into the provider of the X online platform (X) under the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) to assess possible contravention of Article 20, based on concerns from its Platform Supervision Team supported by information from HateAid and a user complaint. The investigation will examine whether people can appeal X’s decisions not to remove content reported for potential breach of terms of service, whether peopl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "title": "Media Commission investigation into TikTok over alleged non-compliance with EU Digital Services Act obligations", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-commences-investigations-into-tiktok-and-linkedin/", "description": "On 2 December 2025, the Media Commission opened an investigation into TikTok under the EU Digital Services Act (DSA), pursuant to Part 8B of the Broadcasting Act 2009, as amended. The investigation followed a September 2024 review by the Platform Supervision Division on compliance with Article 16 DSA concerning “notice and action” mechanisms. The Media Commission identified concerns that TikTok’s illegal content reporting mechanisms may include potential “dark patterns” liable to confuse peop...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Parliament Joint Committee inquiry into Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/committee/dail/34/joint_committee_on_artificial_intelligence/reports/2025/2025-12-16_first-interim-report_en.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2025, the parliamentary Joint Committee on Artificial Intelligence published its first interim report, which includes 85 recommendations. The Joint Committee's recommendations cover measures to institutionalise AI governing bodies, including establishing the Joint Committee itself on a permanent basis, ensuring the full independence of the national AI Office, developing a national AI register, permanently establishing the AI Advisory Council, and founding an AI Observatory. The...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "European content requirement in Online Safety and Media Regulation Bill", "url": "https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2023/si/71/made/en/print", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act entered into force following the adoption of the Minister for Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media of the Commencement Order 2023 enforcing the Act. In particular, the Act includes online safety measures and transposes the revised Media Services Directive. Furthermore, the Act requires video-on-demand services to meet a quota of 30% of European content and ensure the prominence of such content in their catalogues.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线安全和媒体监管法案中的欧洲内容要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 15 日，旅游、文化、艺术、爱尔兰语、体育和媒体部长通过了执行该法案的 2023 年生效令后，《在线安全和媒体监管法案》正式生效。特别是，该法案包括在线安全措施并移植了修订后的媒体服务指令。此外，该法案要求视频点播服务满足欧洲内容 30% 的配额，并确保此类内容在其目录中的突出地位。" }, { "date": "11 December 2021", "title": "Transposition of the EU Copyright Directive via statutory instrument", "url": "https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2021/si/567/made/en/print", "description": "On 12 November 2021, the European Union (Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market) Regulations 2021 was transposed into Irish law via statutory instrument and became effective.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过法定文书转换欧盟版权指令", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 12 日，《2021 年欧盟（数字单一市场中的版权及相关权）条例》通过法定文书转化为爱尔兰法律并生效。" }, { "date": "24 June 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in European Union (Enforcement of data subjects’ rights on transfer of personal data outside the European Union) Regulations 2021", "url": "http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2021/si/297/made/en/pdf", "description": "The European Union (Enforcement of data subjects' rights on the transfer of personal data outside the European Union) Regulations 2021 is adopted by the Irish government, amending the Data Protection Act 2018. It introduces a judicial remedy for subjects of an infringement of certain safeguards on transfers of personal data outside the European Union and is applied to any transfer of personal data by a controller or processor to a third country or an international organisation pursuant to Art...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟数据保护措施（在欧盟境外传输个人数据时执行数据主体权利）条例 2021", "description_zh": "爱尔兰政府通过了《2021 年欧盟（在欧盟境外传输个人数据时执行数据主体权利）条例》，修订了 2018 年《数据保护法》。该条例为违反欧盟境外个人数据传输某些保障措施的主体提供了司法补救措施，并适用于控制者或处理者根据第 1 条向第三国或国际组织传输个人数据。" }, { "date": "22 June 2021", "title": "Guidance on the Collection of Personal Data Prior to Viewing a Property", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2021-06/Guidance%20Collection%20of%20personal%20data%20prior%20to%20viewing%20a%20property_0.pdf", "description": "The Guidance on the Collection of Personal Data Prior to Viewing a Property is adopted by the Irish Data Protection Commission. If any form of personal data from prospective clients is collected to arrange a viewing, enter into a letting agreement or close a sale, property companies (estate agents) are regarded as data controllers under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and have to comply with data protection principles, such as the principle of data minimisation, the principle of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "查看房产之前收集个人数据的指南", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会采用了《查看房产前收集个人数据的指南》。如果收集潜在客户任何形式的个人数据来安排看房、签订租赁协议或完成销售，则房地产公司（房地产经纪人）将被视为《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）下的数据控制者，并且必须遵守数据保护原则，例如数据最小化原则、..." }, { "date": "7 January 2021", "title": "Guidance on Working Remotely for Employers and Employees in Ireland", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/cb4f5-guidance-for-working-remotely/#", "description": "On July 1, 2021, the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment published a guidance on Remote Work in Ireland. The guidance follows a report on Remote Work in Ireland published in December 2019 and a public consultation on a Remote Working Guidance which took place between July 6 and August 7, 2020. The guidance covers many areas including health and safety, employment conditions, equality, training, additional supports as well as data protection. In the area of data protection, the depa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰雇主和雇员远程工作指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 1 日，企业、贸易和就业部发布了爱尔兰远程工作指南。该指南是在 2019 年 12 月发布的爱尔兰远程工作报告以及 2020 年 7 月 6 日至 8 月 7 日期间就远程工作指南进行的公众咨询之后发布的。该指南涵盖许多领域，包括健康和安全、就业条件、平等、培训、额外支持以及数据保护。在数据保护领域，部门..." }, { "date": "8 May 2022", "title": "Ireland Consultation on OECD's International Tax Proposals", "url": "https://www.revenue.ie/en/tax-professionals/tdm/income-tax-capital-gains-tax-corporation-tax/part-04/04-06-03.pdf", "description": "On 5 August 2022, the Irish Revenue Commissioner adopted a Guidance on the application of the amendment to Section 81 of the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997. The amendment states that certain digital services taxes (DTs) will be deductible if they are borne entirely and solely for the ends of a trade.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰关于经合组织国际税收提案的磋商", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 5 日，爱尔兰税务专员通过了关于 1997 年《税收合并法》第 81 条修正案的应用指南。该修正案规定，如果某些数字服务税 (DT) 完全且仅出于交易目的而缴纳，则可以扣除。" }, { "date": "14 May 2021", "title": "Ireland investigation into Facebook EU-US data transfers", "url": "https://www.courts.ie/acc/alfresco/dda21b67-8cfe-401c-ad1f-e399407b9b1a/2021_IEHC_336.docx/file#view=fitH", "description": "Ireland's High Court rejected Facebook's request to halt the Data Protection Commission's (DPC) probe on data transfers from the European Union to the United States. Facebook had claimed in its appeal to the Irish High Court that the DPC made its decision before getting direction from the European Data Protection Board. Following the High Court's judgment that the inquiry may restart, the DPC has given Facebook an extended six weeks to submit a response to the draft decision, which might resu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰对 Facebook 欧盟-美国数据传输展开调查", "description_zh": "爱尔兰高等法院驳回了 Facebook 要求停止数据保护委员会 (DPC) 对从欧盟到美国的数据传输进行调查的请求。 Facebook 在向爱尔兰高等法院提起的上诉中声称，DPC 在获得欧洲数据保护委员会的指示之前就做出了决定。在高等法院判决调查可能会重新启动后，DPC 给 Facebook 延长了六周的时间来提交对该决定草案的回应，这可能会..." }, { "date": "25 November 2022", "title": "Data Protection Commission (DPC) inquiry into Facebook for data privacy breach (“Data Scraping” Inquiry)", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-announces-decision-in-facebook-data-scraping-inquiry", "description": "On 25 November 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced it had concluded its investigation into Meta for a personal data breach by Facebook during the period between 25 May 2018 and September 2019. The DPC found that Facebook had violated the data protection by design and default requirements outlined in Article 25 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation after a compiled dataset of Facebook personal data had been made public on the internet. The DPC imposed a fine on Me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会 (DPC) 对 Facebook 侵犯数据隐私的行为进行调查（“数据抓取”调查）", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 25 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 宣布结束对 Meta 因 Facebook 在 2018 年 5 月 25 日至 2019 年 9 月期间发生的个人数据泄露事件的调查。DPC 发现，在 Facebook 个人数据的汇编数据集在互联网上公开后，Facebook 违反了《欧盟通用数据保护条例》第 25 条规定的数据保护设计和默认要求。 DPC 对我处以罚款..." }, { "date": "15 September 2022", "title": "Data Protection Commission inquiry into Facebook/Instagram regarding processing of children’s personal data", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-announces-decision-instagram-inquiry", "description": "On 15 September 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) closed its investigation into Meta, previously Facebook, regarding processing children’s data on its platform Instagram and issued a fine of EUR 405 million. The DPC opened the investigation into Facebook’s compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in September 2020 after the agency received complaints regarding the lack of legal basis for processing children’s data. The investigation focused on how personal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会对 Facebook/Instagram 关于儿童个人数据处理的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 15 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 结束了对 Meta（前身为 Facebook）有关在其平台 Instagram 上处理儿童数据的调查，并处以 4.05 亿欧元的罚款。在收到有关处理儿童数据缺乏法律依据的投诉后，DPC 于 2020 年 9 月开始对 Facebook 遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 的情况展开调查。调查的重点是个人如何..." }, { "date": "26 September 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in Communications Regulation Bill 2022", "url": "https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/bill/2022/86/dail/3/amendment/numberedList/eng/b8622d-dcnl.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2022, the Communications Regulation Bill 2022 outlining cybersecurity requirements was introduced to the Irish Houses of the Oireachtas. The Bill transposes the European Union Directive Establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (Directive 2018/1972). The Bill requires electronic communications networks and services providers to implement preventive, detective and responsive security measures to ensure the protection of their networks against cyberattacks. Furthe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2022 年通信监管法案中的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 26 日，向爱尔兰议会大厦提交了概述网络安全要求的 2022 年通信监管法案。该法案移植了欧盟《建立欧洲电子通信代码指令》（指令 2018/1972）。该法案要求电子通信网络和服务提供商实施预防性、检测性和响应性安全措施，以确保其网络免受网络攻击。进一步..." }, { "date": "3 February 2023", "title": "Central Bank Securities Markets Risk Outlook Report 2023", "url": "https://www.centralbank.ie/regulation/industry-market-sectors/securities-markets/risk-outlook-reports", "description": "On 2 March 2023, the Central Bank of Ireland (CBI) issued its Central Bank Securities Markets Risk Outlook Report 2023. In the Report, the Central Bank of Ireland outlines key risks and supervisory focus areas for the upcoming year, including its expectations for regulated entities. Two of the key areas are cybersecurity and digital innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023年央行证券市场风险展望报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 2 日，爱尔兰中央银行（CBI）发布了《2023 年中央银行证券市场风险展望报告》。在报告中，爱尔兰中央银行概述了来年的主要风险和监管重点领域，包括对受监管实体的期望。其中两个关键领域是网络安全和数字创新。" }, { "date": "14 September 2022", "title": "DPC Investigation into Airbnb Ireland over alleged GDPR infringement", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/sites/default/files/uploads/2023-01/IN-21-4-2%20Airbnb%20Ireland%20summary%20EN.pdf", "description": "On 14 September 2022, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) closed an inquiry into Airbnb Ireland. The decision to open the inquiry was due to accusations against Airbnb of not adhering to the GDPR. In particular, according to the accusations, Airbnb would not have guaranteed users the right to delete their data by attaching to the satisfaction of the request the uploading, by the user, of documents not previously requested. The DPA's assessment has therefore concerned the satisfaction o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPC 对 Airbnb Ireland 涉嫌侵犯 GDPR 进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 14 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 结束了对 Airbnb Ireland 的调查。之所以决定展开调查，是因为 Airbnb 被指控不遵守 GDPR。特别是，根据指控，Airbnb 不会通过附加用户上传之前未请求的文件来满足请求，从而保证用户删除其数据的权利。因此，DPA 的评估关注的是……的满意度。" }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Digital Services Bill 2023 (Bill 89 of 2023) designating Ireland's competent authorities and Digital Services Coordinator under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2024/si/53/made/en/print", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Digital Services Bill 2023 (Bill 89 of 2023) designating Irish competent authorities and coordinator under the Digital Service Act (DSA) enters into force. The Bill designates the Media Commission as Ireland's Digital Services Coordinator and lead competent authority for the majority of Digital Services Act functions, and it designates the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission as the competent authority for Articles 30 to 32 on online platforms that allow con...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2023 年数字服务法案》（2023 年第 89 号法案）根据《数字服务法》指定爱尔兰主管当局和数字服务协调员", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 17 日，根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 指定爱尔兰主管当局和协调员的《2023 年数字服务法案》（2023 年第 89 号法案）生效。该法案指定媒体委员会作为爱尔兰的数字服务协调员和大多数数字服务法职能的领导主管机构，并指定竞争和消费者保护委员会作为第 30 至 32 条在线平台的主管机构，允许..." }, { "date": "20 June 2023", "title": "Local content requirement in Coimisiún na Meán (CNM) 2023 work programme", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-sets-out-plans-to-enhance-online-safety-and-to-regulate-and-support-irish-media-sector/", "description": "On 20 June 2023, the Commission for regulating broadcasters and online media and supporting media development of Ireland (Irish Coimisiún na Meán/CNM) published its 2023 work programme, including policies to support the production of content in Irish, promote media literacy, as well as equality, diversity and inclusion. In particular, the CNM stated that it aims to support the development of content that reflects Irish society and plans to review Irish language services, explore cross-border ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Coimisiún na Meán (CNM) 2023 工作计划中的本地含量要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 20 日，爱尔兰广播公司和在线媒体监管及支持媒体发展委员会 (Irish Coimisiún na Meán/CNM) 发布了 2023 年工作计划，包括支持爱尔兰内容制作、提升媒体素养以及平等、多样性和包容性的政策。 CNM 特别表示，旨在支持反映爱尔兰社会的内容开发，并计划审查爱尔兰语言服务、探索跨境……" }, { "date": "1 September 2024", "title": "Commission for Communication order on designation of video-sharing platform services as a category of relevant online services under the Broadcasting Act 2009", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-designates-video-sharing-platform-services/", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Commission for Communication of Ireland designated 10 video-sharing platform service providers, which will be subject to the Online Safety Code, currently under consultation. The designated platforms include Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, Tumblr, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, Udemy, and YouTube. The code implements Article 28b of the European Union (EU) Audiovisual Media Services Directive, Digital Services Act and the Terrorist Content Online Regula...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信委员会关于将视频共享平台服务指定为《2009 年广播法》相关在线服务类别的命令", "description_zh": "2024年1月9日，爱尔兰通信委员会指定了10家视频共享平台服务提供商，这些服务提供商将受到《在线安全规范》的约束，目前正在征求意见。指定平台包括 Facebook、Instagram、LinkedIn、Pinterest、Reddit、Tumblr、X（以前称为 Twitter）、TikTok、Udemy 和 YouTube。该准则实施了欧盟 (EU) 视听媒体服务指令、数字服务法和恐怖主义内容在线法规第 28b 条..." }, { "date": "28 August 2023", "title": "Lawsuit claiming DPC failed to investigate Google data processing for targeted advertising compliance with GDPR (Johnny Ryan v DPC)", "url": "https://www.courts.ie/acc/alfresco/b7936a05-decd-49bf-a149-71323cec1e8c/2023_IEHC_511.pdf/pdf#view=fitH", "description": "On 28 August 2023, the High Court of Ireland issued its ruling in the case of Johnny Ryan v Data Protection Commission (DPC). This case revolved around a challenge to the DPC's handling of a complaint lodged under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018 by Johnny Ryan. His complaint pertained to the data processing practices of Google Ireland for targeted advertising through the Google Authorized Buyers Ad Exchange. Previously, the Irish Council for Civi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诉讼声称 DPC 未能调查 Google 数据处理的定向广告是否符合 GDPR（Johnny Ryan 诉 DPC）", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 28 日，爱尔兰高等法院就 Johnny Ryan 诉数据保护委员会 (DPC) 案作出裁决。此案围绕 DPC 处理 Johnny Ryan 根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和《2018 年数据保护法》提出的投诉的质疑展开。他的投诉涉及 Google Ireland 通过 Google Authorized Buyers Ad Exchange 进行定向广告的数据处理做法。此前，爱尔兰公民委员会..." }, { "date": "26 April 2023", "title": "Criminal Justice (Incitement to Violence or Hatred and Hate Offences) Bill 2022", "url": "https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/bills/bill/2022/105/", "description": "On 26 April 2023, the Criminal Justice (Incitement to Violence or Hatred and Hate Offences) Bill 2022 was passed by the Dáil Éireann. The Bill amends the hate speech laws, foreseeing criminal liability for people found guilty of preparing, possessing or disseminating materials inciting violence or hatred against people on account of their protected characteristics, as well as denial or condonation of genocide. The Bill grants law enforcement with implementation powers including device search ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2022 年刑事司法（煽动暴力或仇恨和仇恨犯罪）法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 26 日，众议院通过了《2022 年刑事司法（煽动暴力或仇恨和仇恨犯罪）法案》。该法案修订了仇恨言论法，预见到因准备、持有或传播因受保护的特征而煽动暴力或仇恨的材料以及否认或纵容种族灭绝的人将承担刑事责任。该法案授予执法部门实施权力，包括设备搜查……" }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "Age verification requirement in Online Safety Code", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Coimisiun-na-Mean_Online-Safety-Code.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the Irish Media Commission implemented general provisions of the Online Safety Code for video-sharing platform services, which include the use of age verification to protect minors from harmful content. The Code implements Article 28b of the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive 2018 and includes provisions implementing the European Union (EU) Digital Services Act and the EU Terrorist Content Online Regulation. The provisions aim to to protect minors from content that t...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线安全代码中的年龄验证要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 18 日，爱尔兰媒体委员会对视频共享平台服务实施了《在线安全守则》的一般规定，其中包括使用年龄验证来保护未成年人免受有害内容的侵害。该准则实施 2018 年欧盟视听媒体服务指令第 28b 条，并包括实施欧盟 (EU) 数字服务法和欧盟恐怖主义内容在线法规的条款。这些规定旨在保护未成年人免受..." }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Guidance for Trusted Flagger Status Application under Article 22 of the Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240209_Article22_GuidanceForm_vF.pdf", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Media Commission (CNM) published the Guidance for entities applying for Trusted Flagger status under Article 22 of the Digital Services Act (DSA). The Guidance outlines the application, assessment, and decision-making process, detailing the expectations, criteria, and documentation required. It aims to ensure transparency, consistency, and proportionality in the application process. The Guidance is divided into 5 sections, including general information about the appli...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《数字服务法》(DSA) 第 22 条规定的可信举报者身份申请指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 12 日，媒体委员会 (CNM) 发布了根据《数字服务法》(DSA) 第 22 条申请可信举报者身份的实体指南。该指南概述了申请、评估和决策过程，详细说明了期望、标准和所需的文件。它旨在确保申请过程的透明度、一致性和相称性。该指南分为 5 部分，包括有关应用程序的一般信息..." }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Application Form and Guidance for Out-of-Court Dispute Settlement Bodies under Article 21 of the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240209_Article21_GuidanceForm_vF.pdf", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Media Commission (CNM) adopted a Guidance for the certification process for entities applying to become certified out-of-court dispute settlement (ODS) bodies under Article 21 of the Digital Services Act (DSA). The Guidance outlines the certification conditions, application procedures, and documentation requirements for entities seeking certification. The certification conditions require an ODS body to demonstrate its impartiality and independence from online platform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《数字服务法》第 21 条规定的庭外争议解决机构申请表和指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 12 日，媒体委员会 (CNM) 根据《数字服务法》 (DSA) 第 21 条，通过了针对申请成为经认证的庭外争议解决 (ODS) 机构的实体的认证流程指南。该指南概述了寻求认证的实体的认证条件、申请程序和文件要求。认证条件要求ODS机构证明其公正性和独立于在线平台......" }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "Data Protection Commission guidance on AI, Large Language Models and Data Protection and risks to the organisation using AI systems", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/index.php/en/dpc-guidance/blogs/AI-LLMs-and-Data-Protection", "description": "On 18 July 2024, the Data Protection Commission (DPC) issued a guidance specifically addressing the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including Large Language Models (LLMs) and their implications for data protection. The guidance is addressed to organisations employing AI systems, highlighting the potential risks associated with personal data processing within these technologies. It underscores the importance of compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), emphasising the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会关于人工智能、大型语言模型和数据保护的指南以及使用人工智能系统的组织面临的风险", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 18 日，数据保护委员会 (DPC) 发布了一份指南，专门针对人工智能 (AI) 的使用，包括大型语言模型 (LLM) 及其对数据保护的影响。该指南针对使用人工智能系统的组织，强调了这些技术中与个人数据处理相关的潜在风险。它强调了遵守通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 的重要性，并强调..." }, { "date": "9 March 2024", "title": "DPC lawsuit against Supermac's Ireland Limited for allegedly sending unsolicited marketing emails", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/latest-news/data-protection-commission-welcomes-latest-successful-prosecutions-marketing-offences", "description": "On 3 September 2024, the Court of Galway issued a ruling in a case involving Supermac’s Ireland Limited regarding unsolicited marketing emails. Supermac's Ireland Limited pled guilty to sending unsolicited marketing emails to five charges of sending unsolicited marketing emails. This ruling followed a warning issued by the Data Protection Commission (DPC) in February 2023 after investigating complaints against the company. Instead of a conviction, Supermac's Ireland Limited was directed to do...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPC 对 Supermac 旗下爱尔兰有限公司提起诉讼，指控其发送未经请求的营销电子邮件", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 3 日，戈尔韦法院就涉及 Supermac’s Ireland Limited 的未经请求的营销电子邮件一案作出裁决。 Supermac's Ireland Limited 承认发送未经请求的营销电子邮件的五项指控。这项裁决是在数据保护委员会 (DPC) 于 2023 年 2 月调查针对该公司的投诉后发出警告之后作出的。 Supermac 的爱尔兰有限公司没有被定罪，而是被指示做……" }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commisssion investigation into Meta for storing social media passwords without cryptographic protection or encryption", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/DPC-announces-91-million-fine-of-Meta", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced its decision to fine Meta with EUR 91 million for storing passwords of social media users without cryptographic protection or encryption (in “plaintext”) on its internal systems. The decision follows an inquiry launched in April 2019 to assess Meta’s compliance with the GDPR’s obligations. In particular, the DPC has found that Meta failed to comply with its obligations to notify the DPC of a personal data breach concer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会对 Meta 进行调查，该公司在没有加密保护或加密的情况下存储社交媒体密码", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 27 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 宣布决定对 Meta 处以 9100 万欧元罚款，原因是 Meta 在其内部系统上存储社交媒体用户的密码，而没有进行密码保护或加密（以“明文”形式）。该决定是在 2019 年 4 月发起的一项调查之后做出的，该调查旨在评估 Meta 是否遵守 GDPR 义务。特别是，DPC 发现 Meta 未能履行将个人数据泄露问题通知 DPC 的义务......" }, { "date": "28 September 2024", "title": "DoJ Designation of Coimisiun na Mean for EU Terrorist Content Online Regulation Enforcement in Ireland", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/94c25-minister-mcentee-designates-coimisiun-na-mean-as-competent-authority-to-impose-penalties-eu-terrorist-content-online-regulation/", "description": "On 28 September 2024, the Irish Department of Justice (DoJ) announced the designation of Coimisiún na Meán as the competent authority in Ireland for imposing penalties under the EU Terrorist Content Online Regulation (2021/784). This authority enables Coimisiún na Meán to levy administrative fines on hosting service providers, including messaging services, e-commerce platforms, and platforms hosting user-generated content, who fail to comply with their obligations under the regulation. Fines ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国司法部指定爱尔兰的欧盟恐怖内容在线监管执法机构", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 28 日，爱尔兰司法部 (DoJ) 宣布指定 Coimisiún na Mean 为爱尔兰主管机构，负责根据欧盟在线恐怖内容条例 (2021/784) 实施处罚。该权力使 Coimisiún na Meán 能够对未能履行法规义务的托管服务提供商（包括消息服务、电子商务平台和托管用户生成内容的平台）征收行政罚款。罚款..." }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "DPC investigation into Ryanair for alleged non-compliance with GDPR in facial recognition verification process", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-launches-inquiry-ryanairs-customer-verification-process", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Data Protection Commission of Ireland announced an investigation against Ryanair for non-compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the facial recognition verification process. The investigation focuses on Ryanair's handling of personal data related to its customer verification processes for customers booking flights through third-party websites, amid complaints regarding the requirement for additional identity verification that may involve facial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DPC 调查瑞安航空涉嫌在面部识别验证过程中不遵守 GDPR", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 4 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会宣布对瑞安航空展开调查，原因是瑞安航空在面部识别验证过程中不遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。调查的重点是瑞安航空对通过第三方网站预订航班的客户验证流程相关的个人数据的处理，以及有关可能涉及面部识别的额外身份验证要求的投诉。" }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "National Cyber Security Bill 2024 implementing the NIS-2 (2022/2555) Directive in Ireland", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-justice-home-affairs-and-migration/publications/general-scheme-of-the-national-cyber-security-bill-2024/", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Irish government approved the priority drafting of the National Cyber Security Bill 2024. The Bill transposes the Network and Information Security Directive EU 2022/2555 (NIS2 Directive) into national law. It encompasses the establishment of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) on a statutory basis, delineating its mandate and roles in cybersecurity across various sectors. The Bill introduces measures for “Essential” and “Important” entities in critical and high-risk...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年国家网络安全法案在爱尔兰实施 NIS-2 (2022/2555) 指令", "description_zh": "2024年7月24日，爱尔兰政府批准优先起草《2024年国家网络安全法案》。该法案将欧盟网络和信息安全指令2022/2555（NIS2指令）转化为国家法律。它包括依法建立国家网络安全中心（NCSC），明确其在各部门网络安全方面的任务和作用。该法案为关键和高风险领域的“必要”和“重要”实体引入了措施……" }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "Minister of State for Trade Promotion order on designation of authorities for protecting fundamental rights under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/news-and-events/department-news/2024/october/31102024.html", "description": "On 31 October 2024, the Minister of State for Trade Promotion, Digital and Company Regulation announced a list of nine national public authorities responsible for protecting fundamental rights through regulations provided in the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act. These authorities will receive additional powers under the AI Act, enabling them to protect fundamental rights in cases where the use of AI may endanger those rights. The authorities will have the power to access documentation that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贸易促进国务部长关于根据《欧盟人工智能法》指定保护基本权利的机构的命令", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 31 日，贸易促进、数字和公司监管国务部长公布了九个国家公共机构名单，负责通过《欧盟人工智能 (AI) 法案》规定的法规保护基本权利。这些当局将根据《人工智能法》获得额外权力，使他们能够在人工智能的使用可能危及这些权利的情况下保护这些权利。当局将有权查阅以下文件：" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Competition and Consumer Protection Commission Order for imposing a levy on consumer online platform providers under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.ccpc.ie/business/ccpc-opens-digital-services-act-levy-consultation/", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) closes its consultation on a proposed Levy Order that would impose a regulatory fee to fund its role as the authority for regulating online consumer platforms. The proposed levy fee would apply to consumer online platform providers based in Ireland that enable consumers to conclude distance contracts with traders, with the exception of micro and small enterprises. The CCPC's activities include trader traceability, comp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争和消费者保护委员会根据《数字服务法》对消费者在线平台提供商征税的命令", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 4 日，竞争与消费者保护委员会 (CCPC) 结束了对拟议征税令的咨询，该征税令将征收监管费，为其作为监管在线消费者平台的机构提供资金。拟议的征费将适用于总部位于爱尔兰的消费者在线平台提供商，使消费者能够与贸易商签订远程合同，但微型和小型企业除外。 CCPC 的活动包括交易者追踪、补偿..." }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into X's data processing practices for training generative AI model Grok compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/latest-news/data-protection-commission-announces-commencement-inquiry-x-internet-unlimited-company-xiuc", "description": "Official source record dated 4 November 2025 for Ireland concerning Data Protection Commission investigation into X's data processing practices for training generative AI model Grok compliance with GDPR. See the linked dataprotection.ie source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会调查 X 用于训练生成式 AI 模型 Grok 的数据处理实践是否符合 GDPR", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 11 日，数据保护委员会 (DPC) 对 X 处理个人数据的情况展开调查。调查重点是该公司使用欧盟/欧洲经济区用户在其社交媒体平台上公开发布的帖子来训练其子公司 xAI 开发的 Grok 生成人工智能模型。 DPC 旨在评估此处理是否符合《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)，特别是在合法性和透明度方面。" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "TikTok judicial review case against Attorney General of Data Protection Commission following Data Protection Authority ruling on investigation against TikTok", "url": "", "description": "On 27 May 2025, TikTok filed a judicial review case against the Attorney General of the Data Protection Commission following the 2 May 2025 Data Protection Authority ruling on its investigation against TikTok. The lawsuit includes a judicial review originating statement indicating a legal examination of the lawfulness of a prior court decision. The lawsuit also includes a formal submission outlining TikTok's arguments against the Attorney General and an Affidavit of sworn fact.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "继数据保护局就针对 TikTok 的调查做出裁决后，TikTok 对数据保护委员会总检察长提起司法审查案件", "description_zh": "继 2025 年 5 月 2 日数据保护局就 TikTok 调查做出裁决后，TikTok 于 2025 年 5 月 27 日对数据保护委员会总检察长提起司法审查。该诉讼包括一份司法审查原始声明，表明对先前法院判决的合法性进行了法律审查。该诉讼还包括一份正式文件，概述了 TikTok 针对司法部长的论点，以及一份宣誓事实宣誓书。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "Media Commission investigation into X's compliance with Online Safety Code age verification requirements", "url": "https://www.cnam.ie/coimisiun-na-mean-issues-statutory-information-notice-to-x/", "description": "On 17 June 2025, the Media Commission issued a statutory Information Notice to X Internet Unlimited Company under Section 139O of the Broadcasting Act. The notice compels X to provide information regarding its compliance with the Online Safety Code because the information provided by X so far was not sufficient to assess whether X’s current measures are sufficient to protect children using the service. X is obliged to respond by 22 July 2025. Failure to comply with the Notice can result in cr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "媒体委员会对 X 遵守在线安全代码年龄验证要求的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 17 日，媒体委员会根据《广播法》第 139O 条向 X Internet Unlimited Company 发布了法定信息通知。该通知迫使 X 提供有关其遵守《在线安全守则》的信息，因为 X 迄今为止提供的信息不足以评估 X 目前的措施是否足以保护使用该服务的儿童。 X 有义务在 2025 年 7 月 22 日之前做出回应。不遵守该通知可能会导致..." }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre NIS2 Risk Management Measures Guidance", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/pdfs/NIS2_Draft_Risk_Management_Measures_Guidance.pdf", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) of Ireland published the NIS 2 Risk Management Measures (RMMs) draft guidance. The measures derive from the National Cybersecurity Bill, giving effect to the NIS 2 Directive. The guidelines apply to a variety of providers, registries, platforms, and services, termed “essential and important entities”. Under the guidelines, organisations must register with the NCSC, receive oversight from their individual management boards for accounta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网络安全中心NIS2风险管理措施指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 24 日，爱尔兰国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 发布了 NIS 2 风险管理措施 (RMM) 指南草案。这些措施源自国家网络安全法案，使 NIS 2 指令生效。该指南适用于各种提供商、注册机构、平台和服务，被称为“必要且重要的实体”。根据该准则，组织必须在 NCSC 注册，接受其各自管理委员会的监督，以进行会计处理。" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into TikTok's transfer of personal data of users in European Economic Area to servers in China", "url": "https://dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/dpc-announces-inquiry-tiktok-technology-limiteds-transfers-eea-users-personal-data-servers-located", "description": "On 10 July 2025, Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC) announced the launch of an investigation into TikTok's transfers of European Economic Area (EEA) users’ personal data to servers located in China. The investigation applies to TikTok’s processing and transfer of EEA users’ personal data. The investigation followed TikTok’s admission that limited EEA user data had been stored in China contrary to assurances in DPA's previous inquiry that EEA user data were stored on servers located ou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会对 TikTok 将欧洲经济区用户个人数据传输至中国服务器的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 10 日，爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 宣布对 TikTok 将欧洲经济区 (EEA) 用户个人数据传输到位于中国的服务器的行为展开调查。该调查适用于 TikTok 对 EEA 用户个人数据的处理和传输。此次调查是在 TikTok 承认有限的欧洲经济区用户数据存储在中国之后进行的，这与 DPA 之前调查中关于欧洲经济区用户数据存储在位于中国以外的服务器上的保证相反。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "X lawsuit against Online Safety Code obligations", "url": "https://ww2.courts.ie/acc/alfresco/c3faf526-d642-478a-abba-233128e9895b/2026_IEHC_28.pdf/pdf", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the High Court of Ireland granted a certificate to appeal in the lawsuit X Internet Unlimited Company v Media Commission ([2026] IEHC 28) under Section 38(6) of the Broadcasting Act 2009, holding that the case raised points of law of exceptional public importance and that it was desirable in the public interest for an appeal to be taken to the Court of Appeal. The certified points concerned whether sections 12.1, 12.6 to 12.9, and 13.6 to 13.9 of the Online Safety Code wer...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对《在线安全守则》义务的 X 诉讼", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 20 日，爱尔兰高等法院根据《2009 年广播法》第 38(6) 条授予 X Internet Unlimited Company v Media Commission ([2026] IEHC 28) 诉讼中的上诉证明，认为该案提出了具有特殊公共重要性的法律观点，并且认为向上诉法院提起上诉符合公共利益。认证要点涉及《在线安全守则》第 12.1、12.6 至 12.9 以及 13.6 至 13.9 条是否..." }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Polish Data Protection Commissioner and Ireland Data Protection Commission's collaboration to combat deepfake fraud in online platforms", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/en/553/1998", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the Polish Data Protection Commissioner (UODO) issued a statement on the cooperation with the Irish Data Protection Commission on enhancing personal data protection in social media platforms. The statement highlighted engagement with social media platforms to increase protection against false advertising, particularly scams that misuse images of public figures or users, often with deepfake technology, to extort personal data or money. The authorities encouraged social me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "波兰数据保护专员和爱尔兰数据保护委员会合作打击在线平台中的深度造假欺诈", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 24 日，波兰数据保护专员 (UODO) 发布了一份关于与爱尔兰数据保护委员会合作加强社交媒体平台个人数据保护的声明。该声明强调了与社交媒体平台的合作，以加强对虚假广告的保护，特别是滥用公众人物或用户图像的诈骗，通常采用深度伪造技术，以勒索个人数据或金钱。当局鼓励社会..." }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Online Safety (Recommender Algorithms) Bill 2026", "url": "https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/bills/bill/2026/7/", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Online Safety (Recommender Algorithms) Bill 2026 (Bill No. 7 of 2026) including recommender algorithm regulation was introduced to the lower house of Parliament. The Bill seeks to amend the Online Safety and Media Regulation Act 2022 to restrict the use of recommender systems by video-sharing platform services operating in Ireland. The Bill would prohibit video-sharing platform services from deploying recommender systems where the service provider is aware that the rec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年在线安全（推荐算法）法案", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 22 日，包括推荐算法监管的《2026 年在线安全（推荐算法）法案》（2026 年第 7 号法案）被提交给议会下议院。该法案旨在修订《2022 年在线安全和媒体监管法案》，以限制在爱尔兰运营的视频共享平台服务使用推荐系统。该法案将禁止视频共享平台服务在服务提供商知道推荐系统的情况下部署推荐系统。" }, { "title": "Guidelines for the Responsible Use of AI in the Public Service", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/####/better-public-services-public-service-transformation-2030-strategy/", "description": "AI law in Ireland: Published by the Department of Public Expenditure, Infrastructure, Public Service Reform and Digitalisation in May 2025, these Guidelines set out principles, decision tools and lifecycle guidance to support the responsible design, procurement, deployment and monitoring of AI across the Irish Public Service. They align with the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the Government’s 'Better Public Services' transformation strategy while emphasising human oversight, data protection and transparency....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在公共服务中负责任地使用人工智能的指南", "description_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能法：由公共支出、基础设施、公共服务改革和数字化部于 2025 年 5 月发布，这些指南规定了原则、决策工具和生命周期指南，以支持整个爱尔兰公共服务部门负责任地设计、采购、部署和监控人工智能。它们符合欧盟人工智能法案和政府的“更好的公共服务”计划。转型战略，同时强调人力监督、数据保护和透明度......" }, { "title": "Data Protection Commission Guidance on AI and Large Language Models", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/topic/artificial-intelligence_en", "description": "AI law in Ireland: The Data Protection Commission (DPC) of Ireland published guidance titled "AI, Large Language Models and Data Protection" on 18 July 2024. The guidance explains how the GDPR and Irish data protection law apply to the development, training and use of AI systems — particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) — and sets out recommended compliance steps for controllers, processors and AI providers....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会关于人工智能和大型语言模型的指南", "description_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能法：爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 发布了题为“人工智能、大型语言模型和数据保护”的指南2024 年 7 月 18 日。该指南解释了 GDPR 和爱尔兰数据保护法如何适用于 AI 系统（特别是大型语言模型 (LLM)）的开发、培训和使用，并为控制者、处理者和 AI 提供商提出了建议的合规步骤……" }, { "title": "AI – Here for Good: National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-enterprise-tourism-and-employment/publications/ai-here-for-good-national-artificial-intelligence-strategy-for-ireland/", "description": "AI law in Ireland: AI – Here for Good is Ireland’s first national AI strategy, published 8 July 2021. It sets a people-centred, ethical approach to AI adoption across government, enterprise and society, establishing high-level actions to build trust, support adoption, strengthen skills and research, and create enabling infrastructure. (gov.ie)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能——永远存在：爱尔兰国家人工智能战略", "description_zh": "爱尔兰的人工智能法：《AI – Here for Good》是爱尔兰第一个国家人工智能战略，于 2021 年 7 月 8 日发布。它为政府、企业和社会采用人工智能制定了以人为本、符合道德的方法，制定了高层行动来建立信任、支持采用、加强技能和研究以及创建有利的基础设施。 （政府即）..." }, { "title": "Interim Guidelines for Use of AI (Public Service)", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/2127d-interim-guidelines-for-use-of-ai/", "description": "AI law in Ireland: Ireland’s Department of Public Expenditure, NDP Delivery and Reform published the Interim Guidelines for Use of AI to direct public service bodies on ethical, secure and trustworthy adoption of AI, setting out seven core requirements and a risk‑based approach to adoption. The document is guidance (interim) that complements the National AI Strategy and references cybersecurity guidance from the National Cyber Security Centre. (gov.ie)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能使用暂行指南（公共服务）", "description_zh": "爱尔兰的人工智能法：爱尔兰公共支出、新民主党交付和改革部发布了《人工智能使用临时指南》，指导公共服务机构道德、安全和值得信赖地采用人工智能，规定了七项核心要求和基于风险的采用方法。该文件是对国家人工智能战略的补充指南（临时），并引用了国家网络安全中心的网络安全指南。 （政府即）..." }, { "title": "National Cyber Security Centre: Cyber Security Guidance on Generative AI for Public Sector Bodies", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.ie/pdfs/Cybersecurity_Guidance_on_Generative_AI_for_PSBs.pdf", "description": "AI law in Ireland: Guidance published by Ireland’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) on 01 June 2023 providing cybersecurity-focused advice for Public Sector Bodies (PSBs) adopting or using Generative AI (GenAI). It sets out recommended risk assessment, access controls, do’s and don’ts for staff use, procurement scrutiny for providers, and operational security measures to limit exposure of sensitive public-sector data....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网络安全中心：公共部门机构生成人工智能网络安全指南", "description_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能法：爱尔兰国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 于 2023 年 6 月 1 日发布的指南，为采用或使用生成式人工智能 (GenAI) 的公共部门机构 (PSB) 提供以网络安全为重点的建议。它列出了建议的风险评估、访问控制、员工使用的注意事项、供应商的采购审查以及限制敏感公共部门数据暴露的操作安全措施……" }, { "title": "Statutory Instrument No. 366/2025 — Designation of National Competent Authorities and Single Point of Contact for AI Act implementation", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/what-we-do/innovation-research-development/artificial-intelligence/eu-ai-act/", "description": "AI law in Ireland: S.I. No. 366/2025 (European Union (Artificial Intelligence) (Designation) Regulations 2025) designates Ireland's national competent authorities and appoints the single point of contact for implementation of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). The instrument implements Article 70 of the AI Act by naming sectoral market surveillance and notifying authorities and designates the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment as the national single point of contact. (irishstatutebook.ie)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 366/2025 号法定文书 — 指定国家主管机构和实施《人工智能法》的单一联络点", "description_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能法：S.I. No. 366/2025（欧盟（人工智能）（指定）条例 2025）指定了爱尔兰国家主管当局，并指定了实施欧盟人工智能法案（条例 (EU) 2024/1689）的单一联系人。该文书通过指定部门市场监督和通知机构来实施《人工智能法》第 70 条，并指定企业、贸易和就业部长作为国家单一联络点。 （爱尔兰法规书.ie）..." }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors", "url": "/documents/1785/2026_IECA_29.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ireland. Fabricated: Case Law | The appellant's written submissions contained 'a few non-existent cases' and multiple wrong citations; the Court described these as hallucinations possibly generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Juerg von Geitz 诉 Kieran Kelly & Ors", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在爱尔兰 CA 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的书面陈述包含“一些不存在的案例”和多次错误的引用；法院将这些描述为可能由人工智能产生的幻觉。", "court": "CA Ireland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Digital Ireland strategy released", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/department-of-the-taoiseach/campaigns/digital-ireland-connecting-our-people-securing-our-future/", "description": "The Government’s updated National Digital & AI Strategy, Digital Ireland – Connecting our People, Securing our Future , sets out the Government’s ambition and vision to 2030 to ensure Ireland remains a digital leader in an increasingly competitive global environment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字爱尔兰战略发布", "description_zh": "爱尔兰政府公布了“数字爱尔兰——连接我们的人民，保障我们的未来”，这是一项更新的国家数字和人工智能战略，概述了该国到 2030 年保持数字领导者地位的愿景。这一全面战略重点关注五个关键领域：加强数字公共服务、培育有竞争力的数字企业部门、投资数字和人工智能基础设施、将爱尔兰建立为数字监管中心以及为公民提供数字技能和在线安全措施。主要举措包括到 2030 年实现所有主要公共服务的数字化、支持人工智能在各个部门的采用、确保强有力的网络安全措施以及促进包容性数字扫盲计划，以确保没有人在数字化转型中掉队。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigates X over alleged generation and publication of non-consensual sexualised images by Grok AI", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-opens-investigation-x-xiuc", "description": "The Data Protection Commission (DPC) has today announced that it has opened an inquiry into X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC) under section 110 of the Data Protection Act 2018.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会对 X 涉嫌由 Grok AI 生成和发布未经同意的色情图像进行调查", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 已根据《2018 年数据保护法》第 110 条对 X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC) 展开调查，该公司涉嫌在 X 平台上创建和发布可能有害的、未经同意的亲密和/或色情图像，其中涉及使用与 Grok AI 相关的生成式 AI 处理欧盟/欧洲经济区数据主体（包括儿童）的个人数据。 XIUC 于 2026 年 2 月 16 日收到有关此次调查的通知，调查将评估 XIUC 在处理原则、处理合法性、设计和默认数据保护以及进行数据保护影响评估的必要性方面是否遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "General Scheme of the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill introduced", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/legislation/general-scheme-of-the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-bill-2026.html", "description": "This document outlines the heads of the General Scheme of the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill 2026.", "categories": [ "Legislative" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管法案总体方案出台", "description_zh": "企业、旅游和就业部发布了《2026年人工智能监管总体方案》，旨在在爱尔兰全面实施欧盟人工智能法案。这项国家立法对于建立欧盟人工智能法案义务的监督和执行机制是必要的。该计划提出了一种主管当局的分布式模式，利用现有的部门监管机构，并计划建立一个新的法定​​独立机构Oifig Intleachta Shaorga na hÉireann（爱尔兰人工智能办公室），作为该州人工智能监管执法的中央协调机构和单一联络点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences (Amendment) Bill 2026 introduced", "url": "https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/bills/bill/2026/8/", "description": "Bill entitled an Act to amend the Harassment, Harmful Communications and Related Offences Bill 2020 to prohibit the creation of non-consensual intimate or harmful imagery; and to increase the timeframe under which summary proceedings for an offence may be instituted.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年骚扰、有害通讯及相关罪行（修正案）法案出台", "description_zh": "爱尔兰议会下议院提出了《2026 年骚扰、有害通讯和相关犯罪（修正案）法案》。该法案修订了 2020 年《骚扰、有害通信和相关犯罪法》，并引入了“生成”的法定定义，涵盖通过人工智能（包括生成式人工智能）或任何其他方式创建图像、文档或视频。它取代了“亲密图像”的定义，包括通过摄影、电影、视频、人工智能或数字手段创建的视觉表示。它修改了第 3 条，禁止未经同意记录、分发、出版或生成亲密图像，并规定了 A 级罚款或简易定罪最高 12 个月监禁或起诉最高 5 年监禁的处罚。它调整了第 4 条规定的处罚，并将第 7 条规定的简易程序的时效期限从两年延长至五年。该法案规定通过部长令启动。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "AI Minister to seek legal advice on Government response to Grok app", "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/2026/01/14/ai-minister-to-seek-legal-advice-on-government-response-to-grok-app/", "description": "Elon Musk ’s X platform must be held accountable for complicity in facilitating and distributing illegal images via the Grok AI app, Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence Niamh Smyth has said.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能部长将就政府对 Grok 应用程序的回应寻求法律建议", "description_zh": "据报道，爱尔兰人工智能国务部长 Niamh Smyth 正在就政府对生成露骨色情图像的 Grok AI 工具的反应寻求法律建议。史密斯部长强调，X 必须为促进和传播非法内容（包括人工智能生成的妇女和未成年人图像）承担责任。部长表示，此类行为并非无辜，根据爱尔兰法律，如果 X 拥有或协助传播这些图像，则属于同谋。部长强调需要强有力的执法，呼吁欧盟提供支持以有效解决这一问题。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "Communications Minister claims users, not X, responsible for generating explicit images with Grok AI", "url": "https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/politics/arid-41772389.html", "description": "Communications minister Patrick O’Donovan said technological advancements around AI are moving faster than laws can respond, and that some sharing of images is covered under Coco’s Law", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通讯部长声称用户，而不是 X，负责使用 Grok AI 生成露骨图像", "description_zh": "据悉，通讯部长帕特里克·奥多诺万表示，使用 Grok AI 工具生成露骨图像的责任是用户，而不是平台 X。通信部长打破了政府同行的共识，表示人们在未经同意的情况下使用人工智能并生成露骨图像是“应受谴责的”，但并未将责任归咎于 X。通信部长还强调，人工智能的技术进步速度快于立法的步伐，并指出《骚扰、有害通信和相关犯罪法》（也称为《可可法》）已经解决了一些图像共享问题。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "ICCL and DRI call on Gardai to investigate X for Grok AI's deepfake abuse", "url": "https://www.iccl.ie/press-release/iccl-and-dri-call-on-gardai-to-investigate-x-for-grok-child-sexual-abuse-material/", "description": "Irish law prohibits the facilitation of child sexual abuse material production. An Garda Síochána must urgently investigate and prosecute.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICCL 和 DRI 呼吁 Gardai 调查 X 的 Grok AI 滥用深度伪造行为", "description_zh": "爱尔兰公民自由委员会 (ICCL) 和爱尔兰数字权利 (DRI) 呼吁爱尔兰国家警察和安全部门对社交媒体平台 X 进行调查，该平台涉嫌通过其 Grok AI 聊天机器人促进儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的传播。这些组织对 Grok 可能生成或分发 CSAM 表示担忧，这可能违反爱尔兰法律。他们敦促警察进行彻底调查，以确保遵守法律标准并保护儿童免受网络剥削。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Irish parliamentary committee on AI publishes first interim report with 85 recommendations", "url": "https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/press-centre/press-releases/20251216-joint-committee-on-artificial-intelligence-publishes-first-interim-report-with-85-recommendations/#:~:text=The%20Committee%20was%20formed%20to,trust%2C%20and%20societal%20benefit%20while", "description": "The Joint Committee on Artificial Intelligence today published its First Interim Report. The Committee was formed to examine and make recommendations on Ireland’s approach to the development, deployment, regulation, and ethical considerations of artificial intelligence (AI), and on the means of ensuring that the approach supports economic growth, innovation, public trust, and societal benefit while safeguarding rights and mitigating risks.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰议会人工智能委员会发布第一份中期报告，其中包含 85 条建议", "description_zh": "爱尔兰议会委员会 - 爱尔兰议会人工智能联合委员会 - 发布了第一份中期报告，概述了 85 项全面建议，旨在平衡技术创新与强有力的道德和监管保障。主要提案包括建立永久性委员会以提供持续监督、在 2026 年 8 月之前成立国家人工智能办公室以领导协调一致的“全政府”方法，以及组建公民大会以促进有关人工智能政策的公众对话。该报告强调基于人权的治理，主张对公共服务引入强制性算法影响评估、国家人工智能风险登记册，并对人工智能驱动的推荐系统进行严格监管，以打击错误信息并保护儿童。此外，委员会呼吁在全国范围内努力提高各级教育和工作场所的人工智能素养，确保公平分配人工智能的好处，同时保护边缘化社区免受系统性偏见和自动歧视。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "DPC statement on LinkedIn AI training", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/latest-news/dpc-statement-linkedin-ai-training", "description": "The DPC has been engaging consistently with many of the companies at the forefront of AI development, with a focus on ensuring the responsible development and deployment of the technology for users across the EU/EEA", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DPC 关于 LinkedIn 人工智能培训的声明", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 发布了一份声明，透露 LinkedIn 向 DPC 通报了其计划于 2025 年 11 月上旬开始使用欧盟/欧洲经济区成员的个人数据训练专有的生成式 AI 模型。在审查了 LinkedIn 的数据保护文档并广泛参与后，DPC 发现了一些风险和问题，并提出了旨在减轻对个人数据保护权利的潜在负面影响的建议。作为回应，LinkedIn 实施了一些改变，包括增强透明度通知、缩小个人数据使用范围、排除 18 岁以下用户数据的措施、防止收集敏感信息的过滤器以及全面的风险评估。 DPC 已要求 LinkedIn 在五个月内提交一份报告，评估这些措施的有效性。用户已被告知他们有权反对将其数据用于人工智能培训，并可以通过帐户设置或专用表格选择退出。 DPC 强调用户定期检查其隐私设置的重要性，并继续致力于监控 LinkedIn 的合规性，并准备在必要时采取进一步的监管行动。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC", "url": "/documents/871/ADJ-00055225_-_Workplace_Relations_Commission.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Workplace Relations Commission. Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00021453 as awarding €18,000 for procedural breaches; Respondent noted the referenced file related to industrial relations/wages and was dismissed as the complainant did not appear. Outcome: Conduct described as abuse of process.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "费尔南多·奥利维拉 v 瑞安航空 DAC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在工作场所关系委员会的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人称 ADJ-00021453 因程序违规而被判 18,000 欧元；被投诉人注意到所提及的与劳资关系/工资有关的文件，并因投诉人未出庭而被驳回。结果：行为被描述为滥用流程。", "court": "Workplace Relations Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Conduct described as abuse of process", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in IE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "Ireland designates national competent authorities under EU AI Act and confirms new national AI office", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/news-and-events/department-news/2025/september/20250916.html", "description": "Ireland has taken a major leap forward in the rollout of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, becoming one of the first six Member States to reach the critical milestone of designating the competent authorities which will be responsible for enforcement of the Act.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰根据欧盟人工智能法案指定国家主管机构并确认新的国家人工智能办公室", "description_zh": "爱尔兰已指定 15 个机构负责执行欧盟人工智能法案。企业部内还设立了国家单一联络点，以简化爱尔兰监管机构、欧盟委员会和利益相关者之间的协调。单一联络点作为与公众、其他成员国和欧盟层面对应机构的接口，其目的是简化欧盟人工智能法案实施和执行的沟通和协调。国家人工智能办公室也将于 2026 年 8 月 2 日成立，作为爱尔兰人工智能法案的中央协调机构。它将： (1) 协调主管部门的活动，确保欧盟人工智能法案的一致实施； (2) 作为欧盟人工智能法案的单一联络点； (3) 根据需要，促进其他主管部门集中获取技术专长； (4) 通过托管监管沙箱推动人工智能创新和采用，并充当爱尔兰人工智能的焦点，涵盖监管、创新和部署。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 July 2025", "title": "National AI Bill introduced to establish National AI Office", "url": "https://www.fiannafail.ie/news/deputy-naoise-%C3%B3-cear%C3%BAil-introduces-bill-to-establish-national-artificial-intelligence-office", "description": "Deputy Naoise Ó Cearúil introduces Bill to establish National Artificial Intelligence Office", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家人工智能法案出台，设立国家人工智能办公室", "description_zh": "Kildare North 的 Fianna Fáil TD Naoise Ó Cearúil 在爱尔兰伦斯特议院提出了《2026 年国家人工智能法案》，该法案将设立一个国家人工智能办公室，对高风险人工智能系统进行独立监督。它将协助企业和公共部门采用和部署人工智能技术，支持数字素养和国家技能提升，并协调爱尔兰的人工智能开发和部署方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors", "url": "/documents/567/Malone__Anor_v_Laois_County_Council__Ors_Ireland_23_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. False Quotes: Case Law | Mr Malone’s submissions presented a passage as a verbatim quote about national courts being 'decentralised courts' from §68 of Case C-416/10; the Court could find no such text and Malone later replaced it with a different quote from C-234/17 (Celmer). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马龙 & 阿诺尔 v 莱伊什县议会 & Ors", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法| Malone 先生提交的材料逐字引用了案例 C-416/10 第 68 条中关于国家法院是“权力下放法院”的一段话；法院找不到这样的文本，马龙后来用 C-234/17 (Celmer) 的不同引文替换了它。结果：警告。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 May 2025", "title": "Ireland DPC issues statement about Meta AI", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/latest-news/dpc-statement-meta-ai", "description": "Over the past two years, the Data Protection Commission (DPC) has been engaging intensively with many of the leading technology companies at the forefront of AI developments in particular concerning the use of adult's personal data to train Large Language Models in the EU/EEA. Whilst acknowledging that aspects of the application of GDPR to this fast changing technology remains complex, through our regulatory engagement the DPC has ensured that companies understand what is required in order to reduce high risks and harms to individuals. This has resulted in a number of companies implementing im", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰 DPC 发布有关 Meta AI 的声明", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 发布了一份关于 Meta AI 在欧盟/欧洲经济区处理个人数据以进行大型语言模型训练的声明。在 2024 年 3 月启动监管参与后，DPC 对 Meta 提议使用 Facebook 和 Instagram 的公共内容表示担忧，导致该计划于 2024 年 6 月暂时暂停。DPC 寻求欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 的意见，该委员会于 2024 年 12 月制定了评估 AI 模型训练中 GDPR 合规性的标准。 Meta 随后修改了其方法，实施了增强的保障措施，包括更新的透明度通知、改进的异议机制、延长的用户通知期以及数据去标识化和输出过滤等技术措施。 DPC 继续监控合规性，要求 Meta 在 2025 年 10 月之前提交评估报告，同时提醒用户审查隐私设置以管理数据使用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 April 2025", "title": "Notes released under Freedom of Information laws reveal Government ministers met with Meta in relation to EU AI laws", "url": "https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/government-ministers-sought-to-allay-metas-concerns-over-new-ai-laws-in-europe/a886837549.html", "description": "Tánaiste Simon Harris and Finance Minister Paschal Donohoe told social media giant Meta that a high-ranking official in the Department of Enterprise would be made available to “act as a central contact point” on issues around digital advertising regulations after the company flagged concerns.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据《信息自由法》发布的说明显示，政府部长们就欧盟人工智能法与 Meta 进行了会面", "description_zh": "据报道，根据根据信息自由法发布的机密会议记录，爱尔兰政府部长塔纳斯特（Tánaiste，相当于副总理）西蒙·哈里斯（Simon Harris）和财政部长帕斯卡尔·多诺霍（Paschal Donohoe）于 2024 年 12 月在都柏林与 Meta 会面，以消除 Meta 对新欧盟人工智能法案的担忧，因为由于欧盟的数据隐私和透明度要求，该公司在欧洲推出人工智能产品时面临延误和监管障碍。这些说明显示，(1) 企业部的一名高级官员将充当 Meta 在数字广告监管方面的“中央联络点”； (2) 塔奈斯特·哈里斯 (Tánaiste Harris) 表示，爱尔兰决心保持其作为科技公司领先地区的地位。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission source on Grok-related data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/latest-news/data-protection-commission-announces-commencement-inquiry-x-internet-unlimited-company-xiuc", "description": "Official source record dated 11 April 2025 for Ireland concerning Irish Data Protection Commission investigates Grok AI. See the linked dataprotection.ie source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会调查 Grok AI", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 宣布开始调查欧盟/欧洲经济区用户在“X”社交媒体平台上发布的公开帖子中包含的个人数据的处理情况，以训练生成式人工智能模型，特别是 Grok 大语言模型 (LLM)。调查将审查 GDPR 一系列关键条款的遵守情况，包括处理的合法性和透明度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 March 2025", "title": "Teachers seek indemnity from legal actions over students’ improper AI use in Leaving Cert", "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/education/2025/03/15/teachers-seek-indemnity-from-legal-actions-over-students-improper-ai-use-in-leaving-cert/", "description": "Secondary teachers are seeking an indemnity against any legal actions arising from students losing Leaving Cert marks over the improper use of artificial intelligence (AI) in their project work.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "教师因学生在毕业证书中不当使用人工智能而寻求法律诉讼赔偿", "description_zh": "据报道，爱尔兰中学教师协会的中学教师正在向教育部寻求赔偿，以免学生因在项目工作中不当使用人工智能而在毕业证书（即爱尔兰的高中期末考试）中失分而引发任何法律诉讼。根据爱尔兰国家考试委员会（SEC）的规定，学生的课程作业必须在教师的监督下完成，并由教师和校长认证为考生自己的作业。然而，该协会表示担心，必须验证学生作业是否为原创的教师可能会无意中验证人工智能辅助提交的作业。这可能会导致学生受到处罚并导致教师承担职业责任。这是一个发展的故事。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "Reddan & An Bord Pleanála v. Trustees of Nenagh Golf Club", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/247/Reddan__An_Bord_Pleanala_v._Trustees_of_Nenagh_Golf_Club_Ireland_High_Court_March_13_2.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant claimed Regulation 23 required the landing area to be outlined in red and neighbouring properties/contours shown; court held Reg 23 imposes no such obligation and the application concerned only the roofed bays. Outcome: Application for Judicial Review Denied; Express Judicial Rebuke for Misuse of AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Reddan & An Bord Pleanála 诉 Nenagh 高尔夫俱乐部受托人案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在之前的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：法律规范|申请人声称，第 23 条要求着陆区域以红色勾勒，并显示邻近的属性/轮廓；法院认为，第 23 条没有规定此类义务，并且该申请仅涉及有屋顶的海湾。结果：司法审查申请被拒绝；对滥用人工智能表示司法谴责。", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Application for Judicial Review Denied; Express Judicial Rebuke for Misuse of AI", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2025", "title": "Ireland names eight bodies as initial EU AI Act enforcers", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/press-release/441b7-ministers-burke-and-smyth-welcome-government-approval-of-roadmap-for-implementing-the-eu-artificial-intelligence-act/", "description": "On Tuesday, 4 March 2025, the government approved a recommendation from Minister for Enterprise, Tourism and Employment, Peter Burke, that Ireland adopt a distributed model of implementation of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act. This approach will build on the deep knowledge and expertise of the established sectoral regulators. The government approved the designation of an initial list of eight public bodies as competent authorities, responsible for implementing and enforcing the Act within their respective sectors. These authorities are:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰指定八个机构作为欧盟人工智能法案的初始执行者", "description_zh": "在爱尔兰政府批准“分布式实施模式”后，八个公共机构已被指定为主管当局，在其部门内实施和执行新的欧盟人工智能法案。这八个机构是爱尔兰中央银行、通信监管委员会、铁路监管委员会、竞争和消费者保护委员会、数据保护委员会、健康与安全局、健康产品监管局和交通部海洋调查办公室。未来将指定更多机构和主要监管机构来协调该法案的执行并提供一些集中职能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Ireland’s AI Advisory Council releases report to government on shaping Ireland's AI future", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/news-and-events/department-news/2025/february/irelands-ai-advisory-council-report-to-government-helping-to-shape-irelands-ai-future.html", "description": "The AI Advisory Council today 21 February announced the release of its latest report, ' Ireland’s AI Advisory Council Recommendations – Helping to Shape Ireland’s AI Future (February 2025) '. This comprehensive report outlines key opportunities and strategic policy recommendations aimed at accelerating AI adoption in Ireland while safeguarding the nation’s economy, competitiveness, workforce and society.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能咨询委员会向政府发布关于塑造爱尔兰人工智能未来的报告", "description_zh": "爱尔兰人工智能咨询委员会发布了一份题为“爱尔兰人工智能咨询委员会建议——帮助塑造爱尔兰人工智能未来”的新报告，其中概述了旨在保持爱尔兰在全球人工智能领域的竞争力，同时促进包容性、道德和可持续性的可行建议。该报告深入探讨了六个关键领域：（1）人工智能与技能和工作的未来； （2）人工智能生态系统； （3）人工智能素养和教育； （4）人工智能主权和基础设施； （五）生物识别技术与公共服务； (6) 人工智能和爱尔兰创意产业。值得注意的是，该委员会建议政府考虑制定一项具体法律，禁止在未经个人同意的情况下对个人进行数字深度伪造。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Ireland announces AI regulation bill", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.gov.ie/319531/3760a815-ee4f-49ea-ba3b-e42244711ea4.pdf#page=null", "description": "Primary source (gov.ie) dated 18 February 2025 in IE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰公布人工智能监管法案", "description_zh": "爱尔兰政府通过其 2025 年春季立法计划宣布了《人工智能监管法案》，该法案旨在实施欧盟人工智能法案。该法案将指定国家主管机构负责执行欧盟法规并规定对违规行为的处罚。该法案的草案尚未公布。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "CNIL source on AI and data protection", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/gouvernance-des-donnees-et-ia-cinq-autorites-de-protection-des-donnees-sengagent", "description": "Official source record dated 11 February 2025 for Ireland concerning Global data protection authorities sign joint declaration on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protective AI. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构签署关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "澳大利亚 (OAIC)、法国 (CNIL)、爱尔兰 (DPC)、韩国 (PIPC) 和英国 (ICO) 的数据保护机构在巴黎人工智能行动峰会期间签署了一份联合声明。该宣言旨在建立一个治理框架，促进创新的人工智能系统，同时确保强大的数据保护和遵守现有法规。宣言中概述的原则包括澄清人工智能数据处理的法律基础、实施安全措施以及促进与其他当局的合作。该声明还强调需要平衡创新与减少法律不确定性，特别是在健康、教育和公共安全等领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Irish data regulator requests information from DeepSeek on data processing", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/irish-data-regulator-requests-information-deepseek-data-processing-2025-01-29/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 29 January 2025) regarding AI policy activity in IE. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据监管机构要求 DeepSeek 提供有关数据处理的信息", "description_zh": "据报道，爱尔兰数据保护委员会已致函中国人工智能应用 DeepSeek，要求其提供有关爱尔兰用户数据处理的信息。进一步的细节尚未透露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 December 2024", "title": "John Coulsto et al. v Elliott", "url": "/documents/726/2024IEHC697.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used implied in proceedings before the The High Court. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Defendants' written submissions asserted Section 19 of the Conveyancing Act 1881 had been repealed by the 2009 Act, eliminating statutory power to appoint a receiver; court found this claim false and noted s.19 was reinstated by the 2013 Act. Outcome: Court rejected the submission as fallacious.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰·库尔斯托等人。诉埃利奥特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院的诉讼中使用暗示。过时的建议：废除的法律|被告的书面陈述声称，1881 年《产权转让法》第 19 条已被 2009 年《产权转让法》废除，取消了指定接管人的法定权力；法院认定这一说法不实，并指出 2013 年法案恢复了第 19 条。结果：法院以错误为由驳回了该意见。", "court": "The High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Court rejected the submission as fallacious", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2024", "title": "euronews.com source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/11/21/irish-privacy-watchdog-awaiting-clarity-from-eu-on-ai-regulation", "description": "Official source record dated 21 November 2024 for Ireland concerning Irish privacy watchdog awaiting clarity from EU on AI regulation. See the linked euronews.com source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰隐私监管机构等待欧盟明确人工智能监管", "description_zh": "据报道，爱尔兰数据保护机构正在等待欧洲数据保护委员会（EDPB）（国家隐私监管机构的伞式组织）的意见，了解如何根据欧盟隐私规则处理人工智能问题的详细信息。根据爱尔兰的要求，EDPB 将在 2024 年底之前就该主题提供意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Ireland refreshes national AI strategy", "url": "https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/6df28-national-ai-strategy-refresh-2024/", "description": "The refresh of Ireland’s National AI Strategy takes account of the significant developments in AI technology and regulation since the original strategy was published in 2021.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱尔兰更新国家人工智能战略", "description_zh": "爱尔兰政府在 2021 年 7 月启动的首个战略的基础上，推出了“更新的”国家人工智能战略。除其他行动外，更新后的战略要求：(1) 确保爱尔兰在有效实施欧盟人工智能法案方面发挥领导者作用，包括建设性地参与欧盟人工智能委员会及其工作组，并推出人工智能标准和认证； (2) 委托开展一项里程碑式的研究，研究人工智能（包括生成式人工智能）和其他先进技术对爱尔兰经济关键部门的潜在影响； （三）建立人工智能监管沙箱，促进人工智能创新。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "Digital Minister announces key milestone in the implementation of the EU regulation on AI", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/news-and-events/department-news/2024/october/31102024.html#:~:text=Minister%20Calleary%20commented%2C&text=The%20EU%20AI%20Act%20will,%2C%20safety%2C%20and%20fundamental%20rights.", "description": "Minister of State for Trade Promotion, Digital and Company Regulation, Dara Calleary TD, today published a list of nine national public authorities responsible for protecting fundamental rights under the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字部长宣布实施欧盟人工智能法规的重要里程碑", "description_zh": "贸易促进、数字和公司监管国务部长达拉·卡利里 (Dara Calleary) 公布了负责保护《欧盟人工智能法》规定的基本权利的 9 个国家公共机构的名单：An Coimisiún Toghcháin、Coimisiún na Meán、数据保护委员会、环境保护局、金融服务和养老金监察员、爱尔兰人权与平等委员会、监察员、儿童监察员和国防军监察员。这些当局将根据《人工智能法》获得额外权力，以便利他们在人工智能的使用对基本权利构成高风险的情况下履行目前保护基本权利的责任。例如，当局将有权访问《人工智能法案》要求人工智能系统的开发者和部署者持有的文档。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "Social Democrats call for stronger regulation of AI", "url": "https://www.socialdemocrats.ie/social-democrats-launch-digital-and-online-safety-policy/", "description": "The Social Democrats today launched their Digital and Online Safety policy. It was launched by Dublin Central TD Gary Gannon and Sinéad Gibney, the party’s general election candidate in Dublin Rathdown, who has considerable expertise in this area and had significant input into the drafting of the policy document. Among the measures proposed is the […]", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社会民主党呼吁加强对人工智能的监管", "description_zh": "社会民主党推出了数字和在线安全政策。该政策包括（1）加强对上网儿童的保护，（2）打击虚假信息的措施，（3）加强对人工智能的监管，以及（4）制定法律以保护因人工智能而失业的工人。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 September 2024", "title": "Ireland Data Protection Commission launches investigation into Google Ireland over AI model", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-launches-inquiry-google-ai-model", "description": "The Data Protection Commission (DPC) today announced that it has commenced a Cross-Border [1] statutory inquiry into Google Ireland Limited (Google) under Section 110 of the Data Protection Act 2018. The statutory inquiry concerns the question of whether Google has complied with any obligations that it may have had to undertake an assessment, pursuant to Article 35 [2] of the General Data Protection Regulation (Data Protection Impact Assessment), prior to engaging in the processing of the personal data of EU/EEA data subjects associated with the development of its foundational AI model, Pathwa", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会就人工智能模型对谷歌爱尔兰发起调查", "description_zh": "数据保护委员会已对谷歌爱尔兰公司的人工智能模型展开调查，特别是“PaLM 2”。该委员会表示，调查将审查谷歌在处理欧盟公民的个人数据之前是否遵守了《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Ireland's data regulator ends court proceedings against X", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/news-media/press-releases/data-protection-commission-welcomes-conclusion-proceedings-relating-xs-ai-tool-grok", "description": "The DPC is pleased to announce the conclusion of the proceedings it brought before the Irish High Court on 8 August 2024. The matter was back before the Court this morning and the proceedings have been struck-out on the basis of X’s agreement to continue to adhere to the terms of the undertaking ( DPC statement issued on 8 August 2024 ) on a permanent basis.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据监管机构结束针对 X 的法庭诉讼", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据监管机构表示，在社交媒体平台 X 同意限制其使用从欧盟用户收集的个人数据来永久训练其人工智能后，它已经结束了针对社交媒体平台 X 的法庭诉讼。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 August 2024", "title": "Consumer organisations file privacy complaint to Irish Data Protection Commission over X's use of user data for AI training", "url": "https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4D1FAQHL08fOu1Sf7w/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1722600441951?e=1723680000&v=beta&t=CQ8KBNAXPR4ifq6nR9xeLudv7nYvnFF98H3Y_PzlvzE", "description": "Primary source (media.licdn.com) dated 5 August 2024 in IE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者组织就 X 使用用户数据进行人工智能培训向爱尔兰数据保护委员会提出隐私投诉", "description_zh": "消费者组织 Euroconsumers 和 Altroconsumo 已向爱尔兰数据保护委员会 (DPC) 提交联合投诉，指控 X 使用用户数据来训练人工智能模型和聊天机器人 (Grok) 的行为违反了 GDPR。投诉要求 DPC (1) 向 X 发出有关 GDPR 违规行为的警告，(2) 命令 X 停止处理用于人工智能培训的个人数据，以及 (3) 命令 X 遵守用户反对处理其个人数据的权利。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "Irish Data Protection Commission sends questions to X on new AI training opt-out setting", "url": "https://siliconangle.com/2024/07/26/xs-new-ai-training-opt-setting-draws-regulatory-scrutiny/", "description": "The Irish Data Protection Commission, the regulator that oversees X Corp.’s business practices in the European Union, has sent the company questions over a newly added privacy setting.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护委员会就新的人工智能培训选择退出设置向 X 发送问题", "description_zh": "据报道，爱尔兰数据保护委员会已就新添加的选择退出隐私设置向 X Corp 发出“寻求澄清”的问题，该设置默认授权 X 使用用户的公开帖子来训练 X 的人工智能系统（Grok），除非用户选择退出（这只能通过 X 的网络版完成）。委员会质询的更多细节尚未透露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "Ireland DPA releases guidance on data protection and AI", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ie/en/dpc-guidance/blogs/AI-LLMs-and-Data-Protection", "description": "In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, particularly, chatbots based on Generative AI (Gen-AI) have become popular products on the internet and are often freely available to the public. Generally, these chatbot systems are able to respond to input questions or tasks accurately because they use an underlying model that have been through a process of training, often based on many large datasets, sometimes including data that are publicly accessible on the internet.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰 DPA 发布数据保护和人工智能指南", "description_zh": "爱尔兰数据保护局发布了第一份关于数据保护与人工智能之间相互作用的官方指南。该指南包括（1）人工智能系统透明度的必要性，（2）数据最小化和目的限制的重要性，（3）保护个人数据的强有力的安全措施的要求，以及（4）确保遵守 GDPR 的问责和治理框架的需要。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Internet regulators release joint statement to sync content bans and oversight schemes", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-05/GOSRN-Position-Statement-on-Regulatory-Coherence.pdf?v=1716566337715", "description": "Primary source (esafety.gov.au) dated 27 May 2024 in IE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "互联网监管机构发布联合声明以同步内容禁令和监管计划", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、英国、法国、韩国、南非、斐济、爱尔兰和斯洛伐克的互联网监管机构发布了一份联合声明，同步其内容限制、用户监控、公司披露和其他旨在减轻网络危害的监督权力。虽然联合声明并非专门针对人工智能，但它涉及用户生成的内容，其中广泛涵盖深度伪造和其他人工智能生成的内容。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.esafety.gov.au', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "General Scheme of the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill (2026)", "url": "https://enterprise.gov.ie/en/legislation/legislation-files/general-scheme-of-the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-bill-2026.pdf", "description": "Primary source (enterprise.gov.ie) in IE. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Legislative" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法案监管总体方案（2026）：", "description_zh": "企业、旅游和就业部发布了《2026年人工智能监管总体方案》，旨在在爱尔兰全面实施欧盟人工智能法案。这项国家立法对于建立欧盟人工智能法案义务的监督和执行机制是必要的。该计划提出了一种主管当局的分布式模式，利用现有的部门监管机构，并计划建立一个新的法定​​独立机构Oifig Intleachta Shaorga na hÉireann（爱尔兰人工智能办公室），作为该州人工智能监管执法的中央协调机构和单一联络点。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Bill 2026", "url": "https://www.fiannafail.ie/news/deputy-naoise-%C3%B3-cear%C3%BAil-introduces-bill-to-establish-national-artificial-intelligence-office", "description": "Deputy Naoise Ó Cearúil introduces Bill to establish National Artificial Intelligence Office", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年国家人工智能法案：", "description_zh": "Kildare North 的 Fianna Fáil TD Naoise Ó Cearúil 在爱尔兰伦斯特议院提出了《2026 年国家人工智能法案》，该法案将设立一个国家人工智能办公室，对高风险人工智能系统进行独立监督。它将协助企业和公共部门采用和部署人工智能技术，支持数字素养和国家技能提升，并协调爱尔兰的人工智能开发和部署方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors", "url": "/documents/1785/2026_IECA_29.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The appellant's written submissions contained 'a few non-existent cases' and multiple wrong citations; the Court described these as hallucinations possibly generated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant miscited Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. as '[2023] IEHC 454' (the Court treated the citation as wrong and took the ground to refer to Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. [2021] IECA 316).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Juerg von Geitz 诉 Kieran Kelly & Ors", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的书面陈述包含“一些不存在的案例”和多次错误的引用；法院将这些描述为可能由人工智能产生的幻觉。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人将 Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. 案错误地引用为“[2023] IEHC 454”（法院认为该引文是错误的，并认为引用了 Sheehan v. Talos Capital Ltd. [2021] IECA 316）。", "court": "CA Ireland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC", "url": "/documents/871/ADJ-00055225_-_Workplace_Relations_Commission.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00021453 as awarding €18,000 for procedural breaches; Respondent noted the referenced file related to industrial relations/wages and was dismissed as the complainant did not appear. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on ADJ-00040112 for career-stagnation awards; Respondent identified ADJ-00040112 as a phantom/non-existent determination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00035678 as awarding €8,000 for unlawful deductions; Respondent indicated the matter was an industrial relations complaint and not a precedent for unlawful deductions as claimed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00029543 as supporting an award for harassment; Respondent observed the referenced matter concerned alleged religious harassment where harassment was not established and no award was made. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00026789 as a precedent awarding €10,000 for discriminatory searches; Respondent noted that decision did not reference targeted searches nor make such an award. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant relied on DEC-E2016-105 claiming a €15,000 award for racial harassment; Respondent/Adjudicator noted the decision was dismissed for want of jurisdiction and outcome was misrepresented. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00028765 as a precedent awarding €12,000 for coordinated false complaints; Respondent noted the referenced matter was a constructive dismissal claim that was dismissed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on ADJ-00039821 as precedent for disciplining based on anonymous reports; Respondent identified ADJ-00039821 as a phantom/non-existent determination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complainant cited ADJ-00030217 as authority overturning warnings; Respondent noted the decision related to penalisation and contained no finding concerning 'warning' or overturning sanctions, so the citation was misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "费尔南多·奥利维拉 v 瑞安航空 DAC", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人称 ADJ-00021453 因程序违规而被判 18,000 欧元；被投诉人注意到所提及的与劳资关系/工资有关的文件，并因投诉人未出庭而被驳回。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人依赖 ADJ-00040112 获得职业停滞奖；受访者将 ADJ-00040112 确定为幻影/不存在的测定。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人称 ADJ-00035678 因非法扣除而被判 8,000 欧元；受访者表示，此事是劳资关系投诉，并非所称的非法扣除先例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人引用 ADJ-00029543 支持对骚扰行为进行裁决；受访者注意到所提及的事项涉及涉嫌宗教骚扰，但骚扰并未成立，也没有做出裁决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人引用 ADJ-00026789 作为歧视性搜查判给 10,000 欧元的先例；受访者指出，该决定没有参考有针对性的搜索，也没有做出这样的裁决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人依据 DEC-E2016-105 要求获得 15,000 欧元的种族骚扰赔偿金；被告/裁决员指出，该决定因缺乏管辖权而被驳回，并且结果被歪曲。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人援引 ADJ-00028765 作为先例，针对协调虚假投诉判给 12,000 欧元；受访者指出，所提及的事项是一项推定性驳回索赔，但已被驳回。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人以 ADJ-00039821 作为基于匿名举报的处罚先例；受访者将 ADJ-00039821 确定为幻影/不存在的测定。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉人援引ADJ-00030217作为推翻警告的权威；被告指出了与处罚相关的决定，并且没有包含有关“警告”或推翻制裁的调查结果，因此该引文被误用。", "court": "Workplace Relations Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Conduct described as abuse of process", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "title": "Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors", "url": "/documents/567/Malone__Anor_v_Laois_County_Council__Ors_Ireland_23_June_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Mr Malone’s submissions presented a passage as a verbatim quote about national courts being 'decentralised courts' from §68 of Case C-416/10; the Court could find no such text and Malone later replaced it with a different quote from C-234/17 (Celmer). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicants cited 'Article 178 TEU' as a basis for obligations; TEU contains no such article. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicants relied on Article 17 TEU to ground obligations; Court noted its relevance was not apparent as Article 17 TEU concerns the EU Commission’s institutional role. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Affidavit alleged breaches of 'Condition 7 of PL06/24' and 'Condition 4 of PL22/751' regarding bunding; Court found those condition numbers do not address bunding (the appealed permissions had different condition numbering; PL22/751 uses Condition 5).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马龙 & 阿诺尔 v 莱伊什县议会 & Ors", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Malone 先生提交的材料逐字引用了案例 C-416/10 第 68 条中关于国家法院是“权力下放法院”的一段话；法院找不到这样的文本，马龙后来用 C-234/17 (Celmer) 的不同引文替换了它。 ||捏造：法律规范|申请人引用“第 178 TEU 条”作为义务的基础； TEU 不包含此类文章。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|申请人依据《TEU》第 17 条履行地面义务；法院指出，其相关性并不明显，因为《TEU》第 17 条涉及欧盟委员会的机构角色。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |宣誓书声称违反了有关堤岸的“PL06/24 条件 7”和“PL22/751 条件 4”；法院发现这些条件编号并未解决堤岸问题（上诉的许可具有不同的条件编号；PL22/751 使用条件 5）。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-12-10", "title": "John Coulsto et al. v Elliott", "url": "/documents/726/2024IEHC697.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Defendants' written submissions asserted Section 19 of the Conveyancing Act 1881 had been repealed by the 2009 Act, eliminating statutory power to appoint a receiver; court found this claim false and noted s.19 was reinstated by the 2013 Act.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰·库尔斯托等人。诉埃利奥特", "description_zh": "过时的建议：废除的法律|被告的书面陈述声称，1881 年《产权转让法》第 19 条已被 2009 年《产权转让法》废除，取消了指定接管人的法定权力；法院认定这一说法不实，并指出 2013 年法案恢复了第 19 条。", "court": "The High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Court rejected the submission as fallacious", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Juerg von Geitz v. Kieran Kelly & Ors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1785/2026_IECA_29.pdf", "date": "16 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Fernando Oliveira v Ryanair DAC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/871/ADJ-00055225_-_Workplace_Relations_Commission.pdf", "date": "1 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Malone & Anor v Laois County Council & Ors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/567/Malone__Anor_v_Laois_County_Council__Ors_Ireland_23_June_2025.pdf", "date": "23 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "John Coulsto et al. v Elliott", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/726/2024IEHC697.pdf", "date": "10 December 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 113, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "372" }, { "id": "IT", "title": "Italy", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-05-18", "title": "Decree introducing registration requirement for virtual currency and digital wallets", "url": "https://www.organismo-am.it/pubblicazioni-oam/comunicati-stampa/1522-oam-entro-il-18-maggio-operativo-il-registro-degli-operatori-in-criptovalute", "description": "On 18 May 2022, the Italian credit brokers organization (OAM) implements the decree introducing a mandatory registration requirement for virtual currency and digital wallet service providers operating in Italy. The dedicated section of the register of currency exchanges becomes available and virtual currency and digital wallet service providers have 60 days to apply to the register. Then, OAM will verify the regularity of the application within 15 days. To join the register, the service provi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-27", "title": "Licensing of Binance as Cryptocurrency Service Provider in Italy", "url": "https://www.binance.com/en/blog/ecosystem/binance-obtains-regulatory-approval-in-italy-421499824684903920", "description": "On 27 May 2022, Binance announced that it received regulatory approval to operate in Italy. Binance registered with the \"Organismo Agenti e Mediatori\" as a \"cryptocurrency service provider\", in accordance with Italian crypto-asset legislation. The company will be able to offer crypto products to Italian citizens. Previously, Binance had received regulatory approval in France.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-21", "title": "Rules on the Register of Paying Service Providers and Electronic Money-Issuing Institutions", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2022-09-06&atto.codiceRedazionale=22A04996&elenco30giorni=true", "description": "On 21 September 2022, a legislative decree containing rules to regulate the register of contracting parties and agents for the provision of payment services and e-money issuing institutions, which was issued by the Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance on 6 September 2022, entered into force. The decree establishes the rules for feeding and consulting the service and the role of the \"Organismo per la gestione degli elenchi degli agenti in attività finanziaria e dei mediatori creditizi\" (OAM...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-16", "title": "Italy draft Copyright Directive implementation delegation law", "url": "https://aic.camera.it/aic/scheda.html?numero=7-00423&ramo=C&leg=18", "description": "The Italian House of Deputies approved a resolution in the DSM directive implementation delegation law. The resolution requires the government to implement measures for the freedom of panorama, open access and free licenses.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-15", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into TikTok regarding minor user identification", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9554603", "description": "On 15 March 2021, the decree of the Italian Data Protection Authority that blocked the processing carried out by TikTok of the data of users whose age could not be established with certainty terminated its effects. The data protection authority blocked access to TikTok for users of undefined age due to the company's lack of compliance with the protection of minors requirements, the possibility to circumvent the platform's registration ban for children under 13 and the non-transparent informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-18", "title": "Data Protection Investigation into Karspersky Antivirus Software", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9754469", "description": "On 18 March 2022, the Italian Data Protection Authority launched an investigation into the Kaspersky Antivirus Software. The authority aims to assess the risks posed to Italian subjects regarding their personal data, following developments in Ukraine. More specifically, Kaspersky must disclose the amount and type of Italian customers, how their data is processed and whether it is transferred outside the EU. Furthermore, Karspersky must provide information on whether third countries have reque...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-07", "title": "Data protection investigation into TikTok regarding personalised advertisements", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9788342#english", "description": "On 7 July 2022, the Italian data protection authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) issued a formal warning to TikTok regarding \"personalised\" advertisements. The authority explained that TikTok had informed its users over the age of 18 that they would receive \"personalised\" advertisements based on profiling of their behaviour on the platform and accordingly changed its privacy policy to allow personal data processing based on \"legitimate interests\". Consequently, the authori...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-21", "title": "Data Protection Authority Investigation on Cookie Walls Use", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9816536", "description": "On 21 October 2022, Italy's Privacy Guarantor (IPG) announced the opening of an investigation into cookie wall use by companies operating online. The privacy authority's initiative follows the adoption by websites, newspapers and companies operating online of systems aimed at conditioning access to their content, requiring paid subscriptions (paywall) or granting consent to access personal data using (cookie wall). The IPG stated that adopting such systems does not contradict the European dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-12-10", "title": "Bank of Italy report on artificial intelligence in credit scoring", "url": "https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2022-0721/QEF_721_EN.pdf?language_id=1", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the Bank of Italy published a report titled “Artificial intelligence in credit scoring: an analysis of some experiences in the Italian financial system”. The report investigates the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques used by Italian financial intermediaries to determine the creditworthiness. of individuals. The report is based on a survey carried out with financial intermediaries on the methodologies they used for customer selection within cr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-10", "title": "Italian Data Protection Authority Investigation into Clubhouse", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9828286", "description": "On 6 October 2022, the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la Protezione dei Dati Personali) announced it had imposed a fine of EUR 2 million on Alpha Exploration, the owner of audio-based social media app Clubhouse, for several breaches of privacy law. These breaches include lack of transparency on the use of personal data, lack of user consent when storing audio, data profiling, and data storage for indefinite periods. The Authority also ordered Clubhouse to adopt a series of mea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-23", "title": "Italian data protection authority enforcement case on revenge porn 9874734 (Facebook)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9874734", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Italian Garante issued its ruling concerning a case of non consensual distribution of explicit material (\"revenge porn\"). The Garante requires Facebook Italy and Meta Platforms Ireland Limited to implement actions to remove the material from their platforms and further requires the companies to store the material for evidentiary purposes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "title": "Competition Authority investigation into TikTok over alleged failure to remove content classified as dangerous", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/media/comunicati-stampa/2024/3/PS12543-", "description": "On 6 March 2024, the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) ruled in an investigation into TikTok over its failure to moderate content displayed on the platform and imposed a fine of EUR 10 million. The investigation found TikTok responsible for disseminating content that could potentially harm the psycho-physical safety of users, particularly minors and vulnerable individuals. The platform's controls on circulating content were deemed inadequate, and the company was found to be in violation of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-04", "title": "Italian Data Protection Authority and Communications Authority MoU on child online protection", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9874988", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority and the Italian Communications Authority (Agcom) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cooperation to strengthen the protection of minors online. In particular, the parties established a round table aimed at promoting a code of conduct for digital platforms to adopt age-verifying systems for minors.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-23", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Google LLC concerning the removal of search results", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9883613", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued ruling 9883613 against Google LLC. The case was based on a request by a private individual to Google asking for the removal of search results in connection with his name. In an earlier legal case, the individual in question had been accused, and later acquitted, of fraud. Google argued that there was a public interest in the publicity of information about the individual, especially since he had unsuccessfully run for an offi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-07", "title": "Data protection investigation into Pornhub regarding user profiling and tracking systems", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9908249", "description": "On 11 July 2023, the Data Protection Authority of Italy (GDPD) opened an investigation into Pornhub, requesting details about their user profiling and tracking systems. Following a user complaint, the GDPD has asked MG Freesites Ltd, the Cypriot company that operates Pornhub, for information about the Italian version of the site. The company is required to provide information on whether they carry out user profiling, as well as methods and objectives. In addition, MG Freesites Ltd has to prov...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-05", "title": "Presidential decree implementing the national cybersecurity perimeter, on goods used within the perimeter", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2021/04/23/21G00060/sg", "description": "On 8 May 2021, Presidential Decree DPR 54/2021 implementing the national cybersecurity perimeter was implemented. The decree details procedures and requirements concerning the evaluation, certification and testing of goods used within the perimeter. It outlines the procedures and timelines for evaluations conducted by the National Cybersecurity Certification Center (CVCN) and Evaluation Centers (CVs) in the defence and internal affairs sectors and it establishes criteria for identifying the o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-02", "title": "Italian Competition and Market Authority investigation into Facebook for continued misleading practices regarding data use", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/allegati-news/IP330_chiusura.pdf", "description": "On 9 February 2021, the Italian competition authority issued a ruling in its investigation into Facebook for misleading practices regarding data use. The Italian Competition and Market Authority fined Facebook a total of EUR 7 million for not implementing the provisions set forth in the measure issued against them in November 2018. The Authority found that Facebook misleadingly induced users to register on its platform by not immediately and adequately informing them, during the activation of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-23", "title": "Data protection Authority investigation into Bank Rewire EU BV", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9885177", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali) issued its provision no. 9885177, closing the investigation into Bank Rewire EU BV. The case was opened because an Italian citizen received credit cards in its name by the mentioned bank without ever being in contact with the bank. The bank also never replied to a request for access to data according to article 15 of the GDPR. Since the bank's main office is in the Netherlands, the DPA conta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "Italian data protection authority enforcement case on revenge porn 9893778 (Telegram, YouTube)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9893778", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Italian Garante issued its ruling concerning a case of non consensual distribution of explicit material (\"revenge porn\"). The Garante requires Telegram and Google to immediately implement actions to stop the diffusion of the material on their platforms and further requires the companies to store the material for evidentiary purposes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "Italian data protection authority enforcement case on revenge porn 9895501 (Facebook, YouTube, Telegram, BeReal, Discord)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9895501", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Italian Garante issued its ruling concerning a case of non consensual distribution of explicit material (\"revenge porn\"). The Garante requires Facebook Italy, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited, Google LLC, Telegram FZ-LLC, Bereal SAS and Discord to immediately implement actions to stop the diffusion of the material on their platforms and further requires the companies to store the material for evidentiary purposes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "Italian data protection authority enforcement case on revenge porn 9896396 (Facebook, Instagram, Telegram)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9896396", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Italian Garante issued its ruling concerning a case of non consensual distribution of explicit material (\"revenge porn\"). The Garante requires Facebook Italy, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited and Telegram FZ-LLC to immediately implement actions to stop the diffusion of the material on their platforms and further requires the companies to store the material for evidentiary purposes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-15", "title": "Data Protection Authority inquiry into Metadata Retention Period", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9987602", "description": "On 15 April 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) closed its public consultation on the appropriateness of the retention period for metadata of employees' e-mail service accounts. It refers to compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Italian Data Protection Act in the context of processing personal data in the workplace, in particular with regard to the risk of collecting metadata through email management programs. The consultation is open to public...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-03", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into OpenAI's AI model Sora", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9991867", "description": "On 8 March 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced that it is opening an investigation into OpenAI's artificial intelligence model Sora. The DPA requested information and clarifications regarding the model's data processing implications if it were to be released in Italy and the wider European Union. In particular, OpenAI was requested to provide information on the algorithm training and types of data collected and used for the training process. Further, the DPA requested ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "Data protection regulation in Decree-law n.123 on safety of minors in the digital environment", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2023/09/15/23G00135/sg", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the Decree-law n.123 on safety of minors in the digital environment including data protection regulation, entered into force. The decree aims to ensure the protection of personal data collected or generated during the activation of applications in electronic communication devices. It requires that such data may not be used for commercial purposes or profiling. The decree also mandates electronic communications service providers to send a communication to their customers r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "Complaint Submission Procedure under the Digital Services Act (DSA)", "url": "https://acesse.dev/ZuJr7", "description": "On 3 April 2024, the Italian Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM) adopted decision No 89/24/CONS to extend the deadline for concluding the procedure initiated by decision No 41/24/CONS aimed at establishing a submission process of complaints in accordance with Article 53 of the Digital Services Regulation (DSA). AGCOM was designated as the coordinator of Digital Services for Italy, tasked with overseeing the implementation and adherence to the DSA, including the handling of complai...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Bill on Provisions and delegation to the Government on Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 1146)", "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2025;132", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Bill on Provisions and Delegation to the Government on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enters into force. The Bill specifies the institutions empowered to oversee compliance. The Agency for Digital Italy (AgID) and the National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) as the National Authorities for AI to ensure the implementation of the European Union AI Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). AgID is tasked with promoting AI innovation and overseeing the evaluation, accreditation, and monit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Competition Authority investigation against Google over alleged unfair commercial practices", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/allegati-news/PS12714_acc.%20impegni%20+%20chius..pdf", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) accepted Google's commitments and closed proceeding PS12714. Under the ruling, Google must revise the consent request circulated under Article 5(2) of Regulation (EU) 2022/1925, provide clearer information regarding the implications of consent on the use of personal data across its services, as well as allowing users to give consent only to specific services. Google must also send the updated request to new, passive, and active user...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Methodological note for the determination of fair compensation for the online use of journalistic publications", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/comunicazione-26-luglio-2024", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) published the Methodological note for the determination of fair compensation for the online use of journalistic publications. The Note is relevant to providers of information society services, including media monitoring companies and press review services, in relation to the right to fair remuneration for publishers and authors of journalistic publications. The Note outlines a revenue-sharing model where compensation is ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Italian Competition Authority investigation into the use of pricing algorithms in passenger air transport on domestic routes", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/consultazioni/IC56_Rapporto_preliminare.pdf", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM) closed its consultation on the report concerning its investigation into the use of pricing algorithms in passenger air transport on national routes to and from Sicily and Sardinia. The investigation found that all airlines examined use dynamic pricing techniques in their revenue management systems. These systems rely primarily on \"traditional\" methodologies, such as static pricing matrices or grids, with predefined rules governing p...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "GPDP investigation into InfoCert over alleged data breach", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10090950", "description": "On 3 January 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) announced an investigation into InfoCert following a data breach notification made by the company in December 2024. GPDP highlighted that the breach, affecting an external supplier’s information technology systems, may have compromised the confidentiality of a large amount of personal data. InfoCert has been given 10 days to submit documents detailing its relationship with the external supplier and to provide information on the p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "Data localisation measures in Bill on Provisions and delegation to the Government on Artificial Intelligence (Bill No. 1146)", "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2025;132", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Bill on Provisions and Delegation to the Government on Artificial Intelligence (AI) enters into force. The Bill requires public procurement platforms to prioritise AI suppliers that process and store strategic data within national data centres, ensuring disaster recovery, business continuity, and high security and transparency standards. Collaborative research between businesses, research bodies, and technology transfer centres is also promoted to commercialise AI rese...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "title": "Data Protection Authority assessment of \"Pay or ok\" model", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10126652", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority closes the public consultation on the implementation of Pay or Ok systems compatibility with data protection regulations. The consultation aims to gather information on whether requiring users to consent to broad commercial profiling by numerous entities, as an alternative to paying a fee, can truly be considered free and informed consent. It also invites suggestions for less privacy-invasive alternatives to the current binary choice model...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Luka's processing of personal data for development and training of Replika chatbot compliance with General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10132048", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) opened an investigation into Luka, the provider of the artificial intelligence chatbot Replika. The DPA will assess Luka’s compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regarding its processing of personal data for the purposes of training its generative AI chatbot. The investigation builds upon previous investigations of Replika by the Italian DPA, requesting that Luka provide information on the life cycle of its dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "Communications Authority investigation into Meta over alleged failure to adequately compensate GEDI publishing group", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/comunicato-stampa-43", "description": "On 10 July 2025, the Italian Communications Authority (AGCOM) issued an order setting the fair compensation Meta must pay for using GEDI publishing group’s journalistic content on Facebook. The decision, adopted under Regulation No. 3/23/CONS after the parties failed to reach an agreement, rejected both sides’ financial proposals and determined compensation based on Meta’s advertising revenues linked to GEDI content, net of redirect traffic benefits. A rate of up to 70% was applied, with the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into dissemination of private audio involving unlawful processing of personal data", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10159435", "description": "On 20 August 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority issued Provision No. 479, imposing urgent measures under Article 58(2)(f) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to address the unlawful dissemination of a private audio recording on the YouTube channel “Falsissimo” and its subsequent circulation on Instagram. The action followed a complaint under Article 77 GDPR seeking removal and de-indexing of the content across multiple platforms, including YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, Fac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Warning to users of artificial intelligence services regarding deepfakes", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10207132", "description": "On 18 December 2025, the Guarantor for the Protection of Personal Data (GPDP) issued a warning to users of artificial intelligence services regarding the generation of content using third-party voices or images via artificial intelligence technologies (deepfakes). The GPDP noted that such content potentially qualifies as personal data under Article 4(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) and may constitute biometric data where processed for unique identification. The GPDP found that such proc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Competition and Market Authority proceedings against Mistral AI addressing unfair commercial practices", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/allegati-news/PS12968_acc.%20imp..pdf", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Competition and Market Authority (AGCM) closed its investigation into Mistral AI regarding its AI service “Le Chat” and the risk of so-called “hallucinations,” where AI outputs may be inaccurate or misleading. The investigation, opened in June 2025, examined whether Mistral adequately informed users about this risk. Mistral, a French start-up founded in April 2023, argued that Italian consumer law applied only after it actively promoted the service to Italian users fr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "25 May 2021", "title": "Restriction of informed consent regarding algorithmic data processing in Italian Supreme Court ruling 14381/2021", "url": "http://www.italgiure.giustizia.it/xway/application/nif/clean/hc.dll?verbo=attach&db=snciv&id=./20210525/snciv@s10@a2021@n14381@tO.clean.pdf", "description": "The Italian Supreme Court of Cassation rules that informed consent can not be given to automatised data processing by an algorithm unless the person is adequately informed on the functioning of the algorithm. It is thus required that the algorithm is transparent for the consent to be valid and for it to justify automated data processing (as in GDPR Art. 22). This is in line with the GDPR`s right for persons to receive meaningful information on the logic used in, as well as the importance and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "意大利最高法院第 14381/2021 号裁决中关于算法数据处理的知情同意限制", "description_zh": "意大利最高法院规定，除非当事人充分了解算法的功能，否则不能对算法的自动数据处理给予知情同意。因此，要求算法是透明的，同意才有效，并证明自动数据处理的合理性（如 GDPR 第 22 条）。这符合 GDPR 的权利，即人们有权接收有关所用逻辑的有意义的信息，以及重要性和......" }, { "date": "1 October 2022", "title": "Guidelines for cookies and other tracking tools", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9679893", "description": "The grace period for the entry into force of the Guidelines for cookies and other tracking tools of six months has ended and thus the Guidelines have now come into effect. \nThe guidelines require all data processors to indicate any other recipients of personal data and the retention times of the information. For profiling cookies, the need for consent remains to be requested through a clearly distinguishable banner on the web page, through which users must also be offered the possibility to c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cookie 和其他跟踪工具指南", "description_zh": "《Cookie 和其他跟踪工具指南》六个月的宽限期已经结束，《指南》现已生效。 \n该准则要求所有数据处理者指明个人数据的任何其他接收者以及信息的保留时间。对于分析 cookie，仍然需要通过网页上清晰可辨的横幅来请求同意，通过该横幅还必须向用户提供..." }, { "date": "11 May 2020", "title": "First decree implementing the national cybersecurity perimeter (perimeter delimitation)", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2020/10/21/20G00150/sg", "description": "On 5 November 2020, the prime ministerial decree 131/2020 entered into force, defining the implementation of the National Cybersecurity Perimeter. After defining a series of terms connected to the implementation of the perimeter and referencing relevant prior legislation, Article 3 of the Decree outlines the sectors of activity that are subject to inclusion in the Perimeter, as well as the authorities responsible for selecting specific entities in each sector, and the gradual approach that fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第一个实施国家网络安全边界的法令（边界划定）", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 5 日，第 131/2020 号总理令生效，定义了国家网络安全边界的实施。在定义了一系列与实施边界相关的术语并参考了之前的相关立法后，该法令第 3 条概述了需要纳入边界的活动部门、负责选择每个部门中特定实体的机构以及逐步实施的方法。" }, { "date": "8 May 2021", "title": "Establishment of Cybersecurity Agency in Law n. 109/21", "url": "http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2021-08-04;109", "description": "The Law n. 109/21 \"Conversion into law of decree-law no. 82 of 14 June 2021, containing urgent provisions on cybersecurity, definition of the national cybersecurity architecture and establishment of the National Cybersecurity Agency\" was adopted, establishing a cybersecurity agency.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据法律设立网络安全机构109/21", "description_zh": "法律第 109/21 号“将 2021 年 6 月 14 日第 82 号法令转化为法律，其中包含有关网络安全的紧急规定、国家网络安全架构的定义和国家网络安全局的设立”，建立了网络安全机构。" }, { "date": "23 November 2021", "title": "Draft decree-law for the reform of the discipline of the acquisition of data relating to telephone and electronic traffic for criminal investigation purposes", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2021/09/30/21G00145/sg", "description": "On 23 November 2021, the decree-law for the reform of the discipline of the acquisition of data relating to telephone and electronic traffic for criminal investigation purposes was implemented, following the favourable opinion by the Italian Guarantor for the protection of personal data. The purpose of the decree-law is to guarantee \"the possibility of acquiring data relating to telephone and electronic traffic for criminal investigation purposes in compliance with the principles set out by t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "改革为刑事调查目的获取电话和电子流量相关数据的纪律的法令草案", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 23 日，在意大利个人数据保护担保人提出有利意见后，实施了针对刑事调查目的获取电话和电子流量相关数据的纪律改革的法令。该法令的目的是保证“按照法律规定的原则，为刑事调查目的获取与电话和电子流量有关的数据的可能性......" }, { "date": "14 July 2021", "title": "Italy GDPR data processing certification guidance", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/regolamentoue/certificazione-e-accreditamento", "description": "On 14 July 2021, the Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, Italy's personal data protection authority, has published a set of guidelines on data processing certification under the general data protection regulation of the EU (GDPR). Guidance is provided to data controllers and processors on the certification process and the benefits of certification.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "意大利GDPR数据处理认证指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 14 日，意大利个人数据保护机构 Garante per la protezione dei dati personi 发布了一套欧盟通用数据保护法规 (GDPR) 下的数据处理认证指南。向数据控制者和处理者提供有关认证流程和认证好处的指导。" }, { "date": "28 December 2021", "title": "Decrees on the organisation of the National Cybersecurity Agency (223/224)", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2021-12-27&atto.codiceRedazionale=21G00246&elenco30giorni=false", "description": "On 28 December 2021, two Decrees regarding the organisation of the National Cybersecurity Agency enter into force. Decree No. 223 outlines the organisational structure and governance of the newly established National Cybersecurity Agency. Decree No. 224 lays out the staff regulations within the National Cybersecurity Agency.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于国家网络安全局组织的法令 (223/224)", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 28 日，两项关于国家网络安全局组织的法令生效。第223号法令概述了新成立的国家网络安全局的组织结构和治理。第 224 号法令规定了国家网络安全局的工作人员条例。" }, { "date": "14 February 2022", "title": "CSIRT alert on cybersecurity of national digital infrastructures due to Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://www.csirt.gov.it/contenuti/misure-di-protezione-delle-infrastrutture-digitali-nazionali-dai-possibili-rischi-cyber-derivanti-dalla-situazione-ucraina-bl01-220214-csirt-ita", "description": "On 14 February 2022, the Italian Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) published an alert on cybersecurity measures to protect national digital infrastructures from potential cyberthreats arising from international tensions in Ukraine. CSIRT emphasises that, despite the absence of supporting evidence, ICT infrastructures significantly interconnected with the Ukrainian cyberspace may suffer increased cyber risks as a collateral effect of the conflict. Therefore, CSIRT suggests a ser...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CSIRT 针对乌克兰冲突导致国家数字基础设施网络安全发出警报", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 14 日，意大利计算机安全事件响应小组 (CSIRT) 发布了关于网络安全措施的警报，以保护国家数字基础设施免受乌克兰国际紧张局势引起的潜在网络威胁。 CSIRT 强调，尽管缺乏支持证据，但与乌克兰网络空间密切相关的 ICT 基础设施可能会因冲突的附带影响而遭受更大的网络风险。因此，CSIRT 建议采取一系列..." }, { "date": "22 March 2022", "title": "Emergency Measures Decree requiring cybersecurity diversification", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2022/03/21/22G00032/SG", "description": "On 22 March 2022, the Italian government implemented the \"Emergency Measures Decree to react to the economic and humanitarian effects of the Ukrainian crisis\" (Law Decree No. 21/2022). To enhance cybersecurity in view of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Decree requires public bodies that utilise endpoint security software (e.g. anti-virus) and web application firewall software provided by Russian companies to diversify their cybersecurity by buying additional non-Russian products through ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "要求网络安全多样化的紧急措施令", "description_zh": "2022年3月22日，意大利政府实施了“紧急措施法令，以应对乌克兰危机的经济和人道主义影响”（第21/2022号法令）。鉴于俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，为了加强网络安全，该法令要求使用俄罗斯公司提供的端点安全软件（例如防病毒）和网络应用防火墙软件的公共机构通过购买额外的非俄罗斯产品来实现网络安全多样化。" }, { "date": "25 December 2021", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Transposition of EU Audiovisual and Media Services Directive", "url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:DECRETO.LEGISLATIVO:2021-11-08;208!vig=", "description": "On 25 December 2021, the legislative decree of 8 November 2021 (nr. 208) enters into force. In particular, the decree extends certain audiovisual rules to video-sharing platforms and audiovisual content shared on social media services, introduces flexibility on restrictions applicable to TV, and strengthens the promotion of European content. Furthermore, it enhances the independence of national communication authority and reinforces the protection of children and the measures to tackle hate s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧盟视听和媒体服务指令转换中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 8 日立法令（第 208 号）于 2021 年 12 月 25 日生效。特别是，该法令将某些视听规则扩展到视频共享平台和社交媒体服务上共享的视听内容，对适用于电视的限制引入了灵活性，并加强了欧洲内容的推广。此外，它还增强了国家通信当局的独立性，并加强了对儿童的保护和解决仇恨问题的措施......" }, { "date": "24 March 2022", "title": "Sanctions against Uber", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9771607", "description": "On 23 March 2022, the Italian Data Protection Authority fined Uber B.V. EUR 4'240'000. Uber was found to have mismanaged its user and employee data. Particularly, the data was processed without explicit consent from the users and Uber did not notify its drivers or riders of necessary privacy notices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对优步的制裁", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 23 日，意大利数据保护局对 Uber B.V. 处以 4,240,000 欧元的罚款。 Uber被发现对其用户和员工数据管理不善。特别是，这些数据是在未经用户明确同意的情况下进行处理的，并且 Uber 也没有向其司机或乘客发出必要的隐私声明。" }, { "date": "12 December 2021", "title": "Copyright exceptions in Italian implementation of EU DSM Directive (Legislative Decree 8 November 2021, n. 177)", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2021-11-27&atto.codiceRedazionale=21G00192&elenco30giorni=true", "description": "On 12 December 2021, The Legislative Decree 8 November 2021 n. 177, which transposes the EU DSM copyright Directive and includes several exceptions from copyright protection, came into force. Firstly, it provides for an exception to the requirement for rightholders' prior authorisation for content used for text and data mining (i.e. data analytics and artificial intelligence development), unless stated otherwise in an appropriate manner by the author. Furthermore, it provides for the free use...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "意大利实施欧盟 DSM 指令时的版权例外（2021 年 11 月 8 日立法令，第 177 号）", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 12 日，2021 年 11 月 8 日立法令177 号法令移植了欧盟 DSM 版权指令并包含了版权保护的若干例外情况，现已生效。首先，它规定了用于文本和数据挖掘（即数据分析和人工智能开发）的内容需要权利人事先授权的要求的例外，除非作者以适当的方式另有说明。此外，它还提供免费使用..." }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "Investigation into Unicredit over alleged data access request denial", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9795350", "description": "On 16 June 2022, the Italian Data Protection Authority (IDPA) fined Unicredit EUR 70’000 in an investigation regarding employee data access. The IDPA received a complaint from an employee of Unicredit, where it was stated that the company had denied access to his data, violating his right to access personal data collected and stored by the company. The employee was initially directed to fill out a specific form to be able to access his/her personal data. However, the IDPA concluded that comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联合信贷银行因涉嫌拒绝数据访问请求而受到调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 16 日，意大利数据保护局 (IDPA) 在一项有关员工数据访问的调查中对 Unicredit 罚款 70,000 欧元。 IDPA 收到了 Unicredit 一名员工的投诉，称该公司拒绝访问他的数据，侵犯了他访问公司收集和存储的个人数据的权利。员工最初被要求填写一份特定的表格才能访问他/她的个人数据。然而，IDPA 的结论是，..." }, { "date": "10 December 2022", "title": "Investigation into Google for alleged misuse of data for commercial purposes", "url": "https://www.giustizia-amministrativa.it/portale/pages/istituzionale/visualizza/?nodeRef=&schema=tar_rm&nrg=202113870&nomeFile=202215326_01.html&subDir=Provvedimenti", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the Regional Administrative Court for Lazio rejected the appeal filed by Google against the Italian competition and markets authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato- CMA) fine of EUR 10 million. The court upheld the fine issued by CMA over Google's violation of the Italian Consumer Code. In particular, the CMA found that Google has not provided users with precise and complete information concerning the collection and use of their personal data for comme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "谷歌因涉嫌滥用数据用于商业目的而受到调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 12 日，拉齐奥地区行政法院驳回了谷歌针对意大利竞争和市场管理局 (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato-CMA) 罚款 1000 万欧元提出的上诉。法院维持了 CMA 对 Google 违反意大利消费者法的罚款。特别是，CMA 发现谷歌没有向用户提供有关收集和使用其个人数据用于商业目的的准确完整的信息。" }, { "date": "18 January 2023", "title": "Data Processing Restriction Order to Citynews S.p.A. over unlawful health data disclosure", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9860513", "description": "On 18 January 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la Protezione dei Dati Personali) issued an order concerning a person’s health information disclosure in an article published by Citynews S.p.A., resulting in a violation of the complainant privacy rights. The Italian DPA has found the data controller responsible of unlawful health data disclosure, and has therefore ordered to Citynews S.p.A.to temporarily restrict the processing of data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Citynews S.p.A. 因非法健康数据泄露而收到数据处理限制令", "description_zh": "2023年1月18日，意大利数据保护局（Garante per la Protezione dei Dati Personali）发布命令，涉及Citynews S.p.A.发表的一篇文章中披露个人健康信息，导致投诉人隐私权受到侵犯。意大利 DPA 发现数据控制者对非法健康数据泄露负有责任，因此已命令 Citynews S.p.A. 暂时限制数据处理。" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Hospital Company Patient Data Disclosure Violating GDPR", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9863050", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued an injunction order against Hospital Company Bianchi Melacrino Morelli for disclosing a patient’s medical records to another individual, thus failing to comply with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and with the Italian Data Protection Code. The DPA found that the company had violated several provisions of the GDPR and the Italian Data Protection Code and imposed an administrative fine on the company. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "医院公司患者数据泄露违反 GDPR", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 26 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 对 Bianchi Melacrino Morelli 医院公司发出禁令，指控其向他人披露患者的医疗记录，从而未能遵守欧洲通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 和意大利数据保护法。 DPA 发现该公司违反了 GDPR 和意大利数据保护法的多项规定，并对该公司处以行政罚款。 ..." }, { "date": "20 December 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into OpenAI ChatGPT's data processing practices compliance with General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10085432", "description": "On 20 December 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) published its ruling specifying that OpenAI, which operates the ChatGPT service, violated several provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The violations included failure to report a data breach, lack of a clear legal basis for processing personal data for AI model training, inadequacies in the privacy policy, absence of age verification mechanisms, non-compliance with an order to conduct an informational cam...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构对 OpenAI ChatGPT 数据处理实践是否符合《通用数据保护条例》的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 20 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 发布裁决，明确运营 ChatGPT 服务的 OpenAI 违反了《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 的多项规定。这些违规行为包括未报告数据泄露、处理人工智能模型训练个人数据缺乏明确的法律依据、隐私政策不完善、缺乏年龄验证机制、不遵守进行信息摄像的命令……" }, { "date": "20 April 2023", "title": "Dark Patterns Guidance", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/temi/internet-e-nuove-tecnologie/dark-pattern", "description": "On 20 April 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority launched a website with information concerning dark patterns aiming to increase awareness of data protection and promote digital safety. The website seeks to build on the European Data Protection Board’s (EDPB) Dark Pattern Guidelines from February 2023.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "深色图案指导", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 20 日，意大利数据保护局推出了一个网站，其中包含有关暗模式的信息，旨在提高数据保护意识并促进数字安全。该网站力求自 2023 年 2 月起以欧洲数据保护委员会 (EDPB) 的深色模式指南为基础。" }, { "date": "23 February 2023", "title": "DPA investigation into Problem-Solving over alleged violations of General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9871886", "description": "On 23 February 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) concluded its investigation into Problem-Solving Srl and imposed sanctions due to its breach of regulations regarding personal data protection. Problem Solving acquired contact lists containing personal data from AdOpera and BR Pharma and transferred them to Vodafone without providing proper information to the individuals or obtaining their consent. The GPDP found Problem Solving responsible for violating the General Data Prote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPA 对涉嫌违反《通用数据保护条例》的问题解决方案进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 23 日，意大利数据保护局 (GPDP) 结束对 Problem-Solving Srl 的调查，并因其违反个人数据保护规定而实施制裁。 Problem Solving 从 AdOpera 和 BR Pharma 获取了包含个人数据的联系人列表，并将其转移给沃达丰，但没有向个人提供适当的信息或征得他们的同意。 GPDP 发现问题解决部门违反了一般数据保护法..." }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "Guide to the implementation of the GDPR", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9892762", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority published a guide for the implementation of the GDPR. The guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for individuals working in both the public and private sectors. It is designed to provide practical guidance, particularly useful for small and medium-sized enterprises, by offering an overview of key aspects that companies and public entities should consider when implementing the GDPR. These aspects include the rights of data subjects,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPR 实施指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 1 日，意大利数据保护局发布了 GDPR 实施指南。该指南旨在为公共和私营部门工作的个人提供参考工具。它旨在通过概述公司和公共实体在实施 GDPR 时应考虑的关键方面，提供实用指导，尤其对中小企业有用。这些方面包括数据主体的权利，..." }, { "date": "6 October 2023", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into possible illegal transfer of personal data by TikTok", "url": "https://gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9895930", "description": "On 10 June 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced the opening of an investigation into TikTok over the alleged illegal transfer of personal data and requested information on the potential granting of access to its user data. The DPA stated that it opened the investigation following press reports citing statements of a former executive of the company Byte Dance, claiming personal data was transferred illegally to China and accessed by the Chinese Communist Party. As the tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 TikTok 可能非法传输个人数据进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 10 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 宣布对 TikTok 涉嫌非法传输个人数据展开调查，并要求提供有关可能授予其用户数据访问权限的信息。 DPA 表示，在媒体报道援引字节跳动公司前高管的声明后，其开始了调查，声称个人数据被非法转移到中国并被中国共产党访问。作为..." }, { "date": "24 November 2021", "title": "AI Strategic Program 2022-24", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/articoli/intelligenza-artificiale-l-italia-lancia-la-strategia-nazionale/", "description": "On 24 November 2021, the Department for Digital Transformation of the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers adopted the AI Strategic Program 2022-24. The program outlines twenty-four policies along three pillars: talent and competences, research, and applications for both private and public sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能战略计划 2022-24", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 24 日，意大利部长理事会主席国数字化转型部通过了《2022-24 年人工智能战略计划》。该计划概述了围绕三个支柱的二十四项政策：人才和能力、研究以及私营和公共部门的应用。" }, { "date": "8 August 2023", "title": "Blocking powers for AGCOM in Law to combat the dissemination of copyright-protected content (Law nr. 93)", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2023/07/24/23G00103/sg", "description": "On 8 August 2023, the Law to combat the dissemination of copyright-protected content (Law nr, 93), including Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM) blocking powers, entered into force. The Law aims to prevent and suppress the illegal dissemination of copyrighted content through electronic communication networks. The Law empowers AGCOM to order service providers, including network access providers, to disable access to illegally disseminated content by blocking the DNS resolution of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法律中阻止 AGCOM 打击传播受版权保护内容的权力（第 93 号法律）", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 8 日，打击受版权保护内容传播的法律（第 93 号法律）生效，其中包括通信保障局 (AGCOM) 的阻止权。该法旨在防止和制止通过电子通信网络非法传播受版权保护的内容。该法律授权 AGCOM 命令服务提供商（包括网络接入提供商）通过阻止 DNS 解析来禁止访问非法传播的内容..." }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "Investigation into Google LLC regarding removal of data on URLs", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9866622", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued its ruling on the complaint filed against Google LLC concerning the request from a data subject, a former politician, to remove URLs associated with his name, which linked to articles about his past political activities. The DPA found that there was no need to take measures for the first URL link as the data subject's name was not specified. However, for the other URLs, which contained political statements from nearly ten ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Google LLC 删除网址数据的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 对针对 Google LLC 提出的投诉做出了裁决，该投诉涉及数据主体（前政治家）要求删除与其姓名相关的 URL，这些 URL 链接到有关其过去政治活动的文章。 DPA 发现，由于未指定数据主体的名称，因此无需对第一个 URL 链接采取措施。然而，对于其他 URL，其中包含近十个政治声明......" }, { "date": "7 June 2023", "title": "GPDP assessment of complaint requiring Google to delete personal data from search results", "url": "https://gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9926884", "description": "On 6 July 2023, the Data Protection Guarantor (GPDP) ordered Google to remove a URL from its search results (Provision 9926884). An individual complained about his name and photo being used on a fake website, indicating a connection to organised crime. Google had already agreed to remove the URL, but it remained visible. The individual stated that this was an improper use of personal data, defamatory, and violated the principles of data minimisation, accuracy, and storage limitation. The GPDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GDPP 对要求 Google 从搜索结果中删除个人数据的投诉进行评估", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 6 日，数据保护担保人 (GPDP) 命令 Google 从其搜索结果中删除某个 URL（第 9926884 条）。一个人抱怨他的名字和照片被用在一个虚假网站上，表明他与有组织犯罪有关。谷歌已经同意删除该网址，但它仍然可见。该人士表示，这是对个人数据的不当使用、诽谤，违反了数据最小化、准确性和存储限制的原则。国内生产总值..." }, { "date": "17 November 2023", "title": "Competition Authority investigation into Meta's platform Instagram and Asia Valente over alleged failure to prevent the publication of misleading content", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/media/comunicati-stampa/2023/11/PS12653", "description": "On 17 November 2023, the Italian Competition Authority announced it opened an investigation into Meta’s platform Instagram and Asia Valente, content creator, over alleged failure to prevent the publication of misleading content. In particular, the creator, Asia Valente, is accused of not disclosing her brand deals and profiting from an inorganic following, and Meta is accused of not implementing sufficient protections to ensure that creators comply with the relevant provisions. Additionally,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争管理局对 Meta 平台 Instagram 和 Asia Valente 进行调查，称其未能阻止误导性内容的发布", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 17 日，意大利竞争管理局宣布对 Meta 的平台 Instagram 和内容创作者 Asia Valente 展开调查，原因是其涉嫌未能阻止误导性内容的发布。特别是，创作者 Asia Valente 被指控未披露其品牌交易并从无机追随者中获利，而 Meta 则被指控没有实施足够的保护以确保创作者遵守相关规定。此外，..." }, { "date": "21 January 2024", "title": "GPDP inquiry into the collection of personal data online to train algorithms", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9952078", "description": "On 21 January 2024, the public consultation of the Italian Authority for the Protection of Personal Data (GPDP) concerning their inquiry into the collection of personal data online to train algorithms ended. The purpose of this inquiry is to examine public and private websites to ensure the implementation of effective security measures, preventing the extensive collection of personal data by third parties for training artificial intelligence algorithms. This initiative focuses on verifying th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本办公室调查网上收集个人资料训练算法", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 21 日，意大利个人数据保护局 (GPDP) 关于在线收集个人数据用于训练算法的调查的公众咨询结束。此次调查的目的是检查公共和私人网站，以确保实施有效的安全措施，防止第三方广泛收集个人数据用于训练人工智能算法。该举措的重点是验证..." }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "AGCOM regulation to combat harmful content on video-sharing platforms (Resolution no. 76/23/CONS)", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/29792795/Delibera+76-23-CONS/06b585f0-b187-460f-a009-0930a541d9eb?version=1.0", "description": "On 8 January 2024, the regulation to combat harmful content on video-sharing platforms (Resolution no. 76/23/CONS) adopted by the Italian Communications Authority (AGCOM) entered into force. The regulation establishes a procedure by which the AGCOM can restrict the dissemination of content intended for the Italian public. In particular, AGCOM will inform the competent authority of the country in which the platform is established if the content is considered harmful to the physical, psycholog...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 打击视频共享平台有害内容的监管（第 76/23/CONS 号决议）", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 8 日，意大利通信管理局 (AGCOM) 通过的打击视频共享平台有害内容的法规（第 76/23/CONS 号决议）生效。该法规规定了 AGCOM 可以限制向意大利公众传播内容的程序。特别是，如果内容被认为对身体、心理有害，AGCOM将通知平台所在国家的主管部门..." }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "ACN and GPDP guidelines for password storage", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9962240", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) and the Privacy Guarantor (GPDP) adopted guidelines aimed at bolstering digital security through improved password storage practices. Applicable to a range of entities, including identity managers, email service providers, banks, and healthcare facilities, the guidelines focus on safeguarding authentication credentials to reduce cybercriminal activities and mitigate risks associated with compromised passwords. Emphasizing password ha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ACN 和 GDPDP 密码存储指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 7 日，国家网络安全局 (ACN) 和隐私担保人 (GPDP) 通过了旨在通过改进密码存储实践来增强数字安全的准则。该指南适用于身份管理者、电子邮件服务提供商、银行和医疗机构等一系列实体，重点关注保护身份验证凭据，以减少网络犯罪活动并降低与密码泄露相关的风险。强调密码哈..." }, { "date": "16 November 2023", "title": "Data protection authority investigation into Autostrade for allegedly refusing to allow access to personal data (No. 9960854)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9963533", "description": "On 16 November 2023, the Data Protection Authority (GPDP) fined Autostrade. The GPDP determined that Autostrade's employees asked the company to have access to personal information, such as files and pay slips, but never received an answer. The GPDP stated that Autostrade should have responded to the employee request and imposed a fine of EUR 100'000.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构因涉嫌拒绝允许访问个人数据而对 Autostrade 进行调查（编号：9960854）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 16 日，数据保护局 (GPDP) 对 Autostrade 处以罚款。 GDPP 确定 Autostrade 的员工要求该公司获取个人信息，例如文件和工资单，但从未收到答复。 GDPP表示，Autostrade应该回应员工的要求，并处以10万欧元的罚款。" }, { "date": "16 November 2023", "title": "Privacy Investigation into Cluster for unlawful processing of personal data (No. 9960948)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9960948", "description": "On 16 November 2023, the Garante per la Protezione dei Data Personali (GPDP), the Italian Data Protection Authority, fined Cluster, a company organising medical courses. It was found that Cluster made available personal health and judicial data online, accessible to anyone in possession of the URL. The GPDP found that Cluster \"should have implemented adequate technical, organisational and verification measures to permanently guarantee confidentiality of the data processed\". Therefore, Cluster...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cluster非法处理个人数据的隐私调查（编号：9960948）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 16 日，意大利数据保护机构 Garante per la Protezione dei Data Personali (GPDP) 对一家组织医疗课程的公司 Cluster 处以罚款。结果发现，Cluster 在线提供个人健康和司法数据，任何拥有 URL 的人都可以访问。 GDPP 认为 Cluster“应实施充分的技术、组织和验证措施，以永久保证所处理数据的机密性”。因此，集群..." }, { "date": "20 December 2023", "title": "AGCOM investigation into Meta's compliance with gambling ads ban (No. 331/23/CONS)", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/documents/10179/32598315/Delibera+331-23-CONS/2078b5d3-c7a8-43eb-adbd-6368291c03a1?version=1.0", "description": "On 20 December 2023, the Italian Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM) issued an EUR 5.85 million fine against Meta for violations of a gambling advertising ban, per art. 9 of “Decreto Dignità”. Meta was found to have hosted and promoted content advertising online gambling on Facebook and Instagram. The company was held liable for the five accounts it did not remove after being formally notified of their illicit content. In addition to the fine, Meta is now required to take down the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 对 Meta 遵守赌博广告禁令的情况进行调查（编号 331/23/CONS）", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 20 日，意大利通信担保局 (AGCOM) 根据 Meta 违反赌博广告禁令，对 Meta 处以 585 万欧元罚款。 《尊严法令》第 9 条。 Meta 被发现在 Facebook 和 Instagram 上托管和推广在线赌博广告内容。该公司对五个账户在收到非法内容正式通知后没有删除的情况承担责任。除了罚款之外，Meta 现在还需要撤下……" }, { "date": "23 January 2024", "title": "GPDP Investigation into Deceptive Design Models as Part of GPEN's Privacy Sweep", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9976516", "description": "On 23 January 2024, the Italian Guarantor for the Protection of Personal Data (GPDP) announced thath, as part of an international investigation into deceptive design models on websites and apps coordinated by the Global Privacy Enforcement Network, an informal network of privacy enforcement authorities. In Italy, the investigation, known as the 'Privacy Sweep', will take place between 29 January and 2 February 2024. Deceptive design models are user interfaces that can influence users to make ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "作为 GPEN 隐私清理的一部分，GPDP 对欺骗性设计模型进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 23 日，意大利个人数据保护担保人 (GPDP) 宣布，作为由全球隐私执法网络（隐私执法当局的非正式网络）协调的对网站和应用程序欺骗性设计模型的国际调查的一部分。在意大利，这项名为“隐私清理”的调查将于 2024 年 1 月 29 日至 2 月 2 日期间进行。欺骗性设计模型是可以影响用户做出……的用户界面。" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "AGCOM investigation into complaints of illegal streaming of copyrighted content", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/documentazione/documento?p_p_auth=fLw7zRht&p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_assetEntryId=33258962&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_type=document", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) activated the Piracy Shield platform, blocking 65 Domain Name System (DNS) and 8 IP addresses that were illegally broadcasting Serie A football matches. The action was taken as per the procedure outlined in Law 93 of 14 July 2023 and AGCOM's regulation on online copyright protection (resolution no. 680/13/CONS, as amended by resolution no. 189/23/CONS). The regulation allows rights holders to report services to be blo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 对非法流媒体版权内容的投诉进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 2 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 启动了盗版盾平台，封锁了 65 个非法转播意甲足球比赛的域名系统 (DNS) 和 8 个 IP 地址。该行动是根据 2023 年 7 月 14 日第 93 号法律和 AGCOM 关于在线版权保护的规定（第 680/13/CONS 号决议，经第 189/23/CONS 号决议修订）中规定的程序采取的。该规定允许权利持有者举报服务被破坏..." }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in guidance on e-mail management and metadata processing", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10026277#allegato", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) adopted the guideline on IT programs and services for managing electronic mail in the work context and processing of metadata. The guideline was developed following investigations that determined that some e-mail management software and services, including those provided in the cloud, are configured to collect and store metadata related to the use of employees' e-mail accounts. The guideline provides guidance for employers to conside...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电子邮件管理和元数据处理指南中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 6 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 通过了关于在工作环境中管理电子邮件和元数据处理的 IT 计划和服务指南。该指南是在调查确定某些电子邮件管理软件和服务（包括在云中提供的软件和服务）配置为收集和存储与员工电子邮件帐户使用相关的元数据后制定的。该指南为雇主提供了考虑..." }, { "date": "2 September 2024", "title": "GPDP investigation into alleged unlawful transfer of motorist data into the UK", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9982333", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) announced its ongoing investigation into the alleged unlawful transfer of Italian and European motorists' data to the United Kingdom. The GPDP stated that it aims to determine the entity responsible for the breach of data protection regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GDPP 调查涉嫌非法向英国传输驾驶者数据", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 9 日，意大利数据保护局 (GPDP) 宣布正在对涉嫌将意大利和欧洲驾车者数据非法传输到英国的行为进行调查。 GDPP表示，其目的是确定对违反数据保护规定负责的实体。" }, { "date": "14 February 2024", "title": "Code of Conduct for data processing in employment agencies", "url": "https://gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9983384#1", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority adopted the Code of Conduct promoted by Assolavoro, the National Association of Employment Agencies. The Code outlines good practices for data processing in the context of intermediation, research, and personnel selection activities. It introduces provisions to, among other things, protect job candidates from potential discrimination, limiting the data that agencies can process and restricting the use of social media and automated pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "职业介绍所数据处理行为准则", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 14 日，意大利数据保护局通过了国家就业机构协会 Assolavoro 推行的行为准则。该准则概述了中介、研究和人员选拔活动中数据处理的良好实践。它引入的条款包括保护求职者免受潜在歧视、限制机构可以处理的数据以及限制社交媒体和自动化程序的使用……" }, { "date": "14 February 2024", "title": "GPDP investigation into Nirvam for illicit processing of user data", "url": "https://gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9983384#1", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) issued a ruling against online dating site Nirvam following a comprehensive preliminary investigation that included an on-site inspection. The investigation revealed the illicit processing of user data of approximately 1 million users, including information related to sexual preferences and orientations. The platform, which has approximately 5 million members worldwide, was found to be lacking in providing adequate information ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "本办公室调查 Nirvam 非法处理用户资料", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 14 日，意大利数据保护局 (GPDP) 在进行了包括现场检查在内的全面初步调查后，发布了针对在线约会网站 Nirvam 的裁决。调查显示，大约 100 万用户的用户数据被非法处理，其中包括与性偏好和性取向相关的信息。该平台在全球拥有约 500 万会员，被发现缺乏提供足够的信息......" }, { "date": "16 February 2024", "title": "AGCOM Investigation into TikTok regarding \"French Scar\" content", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/documentazione/documento?p_p_auth=fLw7zRht&p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_assetEntryId=33390344&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_type=document", "description": "On 16 February 2024, the Italian Communications Guarantee Authority (AGCOM) adopted an order requiring TikTok to remove videos related to the “French scar” challenge, which were deemed harmful to the psycho-physical development of minors. This action was taken under the new regulation on platforms, implementing Article 41(7) of Resolution no. 298/23/CONS. The AGCOM stated that TikTok complied with the order and removed the identified videos.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 对 TikTok 涉及“法国伤痕”内容的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 16 日，意大利通信保障局（AGCOM）通过命令，要求 TikTok 删除与“法国疤痕”挑战相关的视频，这些视频被认为对未成年人的身心发展有害。这一行动是根据平台新规定采取的，实施了第 41 号决议第 41(7) 条。 298/23/缺点。 AGCOM 表示 TikTok 遵守了该命令并删除了已识别的视频。" }, { "date": "22 December 2023", "title": "Resolution No. 298/23/CONS on Content Moderation for User Generated Video Platforms", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-298-23-cons", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the regulation to combat harmful content on video-sharing platforms (VSPs) (Resolution no. 298/23/CONS) adopted by the Italian Communications Guarantee Authority (AGCOM) entered into force. The regulation targets platforms offering services to Italian audiences that are operated by providers established in other European Union member states. The regulation, transposing Article 41, Paragraph 9, of Legislative Decree No. 208, aims to protect viewers from harmful content. Th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于用户生成视频平台内容审核的第 298/23/CONS 号决议", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 22 日，意大利通信保障局 (AGCOM) 通过的打击视频共享平台 (VSP) 有害内容的法规（第 298/23/CONS 号决议）生效。该法规针对的是由其他欧盟成员国设立的提供商运营的向意大利受众提供服务的平台。该规定改编自第208号立法令第41条第9款，旨在保护观众免受有害内容的侵害。那个..." }, { "date": "3 October 2024", "title": "NIS 2 (2022/2555) Directive Implementation in Italy's European Delegation Law 2022-2023", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/gu/2024/02/24/46/sg/pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2024, the European Delegation Law on NIS 2 Directive transposition (Law no. 15/24) entered into force. The law delegates the government to adopt legislative decrees for the implementation and transposition of European Directive NIS 2 2022/2555. The law also outlines specific principles and guidelines for the implementation of Directive 2022/2555, including the identification of criteria for considering a public entity as a public administration for the application of the Directive...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIS 2 (2022/2555) 指令在 2022-2023 年意大利欧洲代表团法中的实施", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 10 日，关于 NIS 2 指令调换的欧洲代表团法（第 15/24 号法律）生效。该法律授权政府通过立法法令来实施和转换欧洲指令 NIS 2 2022/2555。该法律还概述了实施第 2022/2555 号指令的具体原则和指南，包括确定将公共实体视为公共行政部门以应用该指令的标准……" }, { "date": "19 October 2023", "title": "Labelling and watermark obligations in Bill on measures on the transparency of contents generated by artificial intelligence (SA n. 917)", "url": "https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/57620.htm", "description": "On 19 October 2023, the Bill on measures on the transparency of contents generated by artificial intelligence including labelling and watermark obligations (SA n. 917) was introduced in the Italian Senate. The Bill aims to regulate editorial content generated by artificial intelligence (AI), defining them as texts, videos, images, and voices created by AI systems. It mandates clear identification of AI-generated content through labelling and watermarks. Entities distributing such content mus...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于人工智能生成内容透明度措施的法案中的标签和水印义务 (SA n. 917)", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 19 日，意大利参议院提出了关于人工智能生成内容透明度措施的法案，包括标签和水印义务 (SA n. 917)。该法案旨在规范人工智能（AI）生成的编辑内容，将其定义为人工智能系统创建的文本、视频、图像和声音。它要求通过标签和水印清晰识别人工智能生成的内容。分发此类内容的实体必须..." }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "AGCOM assessment of Google's application for an exemption from the obligation to invest in European works", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/documentazione/documento?p_p_auth=fLw7zRht&p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_assetEntryId=33835760&_101_INSTANCE_FnOw5lVOIXoE_type=document", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) approved Google's request for an exemption from investing in European works for 2023. The exemption applies to Google's on-demand audiovisual services, including Google Play Movies and TV and YouTube Movies and Shows in Italy. The decision was based on Google's application filed on 2 October 2023, seeking relief from investment obligations in European works for services aimed at Italian consumers. AGCOM's approval com...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 对谷歌申请豁免投资欧洲作品义务的评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 批准了 Google 2023 年投资欧洲作品的豁免请求。该豁免适用于 Google 的点播视听服务，包括意大利的 Google Play 电影和电视以及 YouTube 电影和节目。该决定基于谷歌于 2023 年 10 月 2 日提交的申请，寻求免除针对意大利消费者的服务的欧洲工程的投资义务。 AGCOM的审批委员会..." }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Law No. 159 on safety of minors in the digital environment implementing Digital Services Act and designating Italian digital services coordinator", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2023/09/15/23G00135/sg", "description": "On 16 September 2023, the Decree-law n.123 on safety of minors in the digital environment entered into force. The decree designates the Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM) as the digital services coordinator under the Digital Service Act (DSA). Furthermore, the decree designates the Competition and Market Authority and the Personal Data Protection Authority as competent national authorities that will have to collaborate with AGCOM in the implementation of the DSA.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于数字环境中未成年人安全的第 159 号法律，实施《数字服务法》并指定意大利数字服务协调员", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 16 日，关于数字环境中未成年人安全的第 123 号法令生效。该法令指定通信保障局 (AGCOM) 作为《数字服务法》(DSA) 规定的数字服务协调员。此外，该法令指定竞争与市场管理局和个人数据保护局为国家主管机构，必须与 AGCOM 合作实施 DSA。" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "AGCOM investigation into Meta regarding alleged violation of copyright following a complaint from Consumer Advisory Services", "url": "https://t.ly/l-Q1H", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Italian Communications Authority (AGCOM) issued a ruling in the investigation initiated following a complaint submitted by the Consumer Advisory Service against Meta regarding an alleged violation of copyright. Specifically, the complaint challenged Meta's decision to close the user profile named \"Rimborsami.it\" on the Instagram and Facebook platforms. The complaint argued that these profiles contained several copyrighted works, and Meta's deactivation of the account con...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "继消费者咨询服务部投诉后，AGCOM 对 Meta 涉嫌侵犯版权一事进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，意大利通信管理局 (AGCOM) 在消费者咨询服务机构针对 Meta 涉嫌侵犯版权的投诉后发起的调查中发布了一项裁决。具体来说，该投诉对 Meta 关闭 Instagram 和 Facebook 平台上名为“Rimborsami.it”的用户个人资料的决定提出了质疑。投诉称，这些个人资料包含多个受版权保护的作品，而 Meta 停用该帐户的行为..." }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on processing personal data in medical research without consent", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10015453", "description": "On 21 May 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued the draft guidelines on processing personal data in medical research without consent. The draft guidelines introduce new ethical rules for processing personal data in medical research when patient consent isn't feasible to obtain. The guidelines would require an Ethics Committee's opinion, documented reasons, and published impact assessments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局关于未经同意处理医学研究中的个人数据的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 21 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 发布了关于未经同意处理医学研究中个人数据的指南草案。该指南草案引入了新的道德规则，用于在无法获得患者同意的情况下处理医学研究中的个人数据。该指南将需要道德委员会的意见、记录的原因以及发布的影响评估。" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Wikipedia's compliance with GDPR following its refusal to delete a biographical article", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10022403", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued its decision in response to a complaint about Wikipedia's refusal to delete a biographical article. The DPA rejected Wikipedia's arguments that it is a \"neutral host\" claiming non-EU jurisdiction, noting that it targets the European market and thus must adhere to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DPA ruled the request for deletion unfounded because the article’s processing was legally justified under GDPR for journalis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局在拒绝删除传记文章后对维基百科遵守 GDPR 的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 9 日，数据保护局 (DPA) 针对维基百科拒绝删除传记文章的投诉发布了决定。 DPA 驳回了维基百科关于它是一个声称非欧盟管辖权的“中立主机”的论点，并指出它的目标是欧洲市场，因此必须遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)。 DPA 裁定删除请求毫无根据，因为根据 GDPR 对于新闻业的规定，该文章的处理在法律上是合理的……" }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Cappello Giovanni and Figli's use of facial recognition systems to control attendance in the workplace", "url": "https://gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10029500", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) fined Cappello Giovanni and Figli EUR 120’000 for violations of employee privacy rights at their dealership. The action followed a complaint about unauthorised facial recognition usage to track attendance and detailed logging via \"Infinity DMS\" software, which monitored tasks and downtime. The investigation determined that the practice violates the European Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), noting that biometric data processing lac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Cappello Giovanni 和 Figli 使用面部识别系统控制工作场所出勤情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 6 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 对 Cappello Giovanni 和 Figli 处以 120,000 欧元的罚款，原因是其经销商侵犯了员工隐私权。此前有人投诉称，未经授权使用面部识别技术来跟踪出勤情况，并通过“Infinity DMS”软件进行详细记录，该软件监控任务和停机时间。调查确定这种做法违反了欧洲数据保护条例（GDPR），并指出生物识别数据处理缺乏..." }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "AGCOM order to YouTube and X to block Russia Today content broadcast", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/agcom-interviene-bloccare-contenuti-di-russia-today-diffusi-da", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the Italian Communications Authority (AGCOM) ordered the removal of a Russia Today documentary from YouTube and X (formerly Twitter) following a report from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The content that was accessible in Italy was deemed to incite racial hatred and violate human dignity by portraying Ukrainians as Nazis and implicating NATO, the USA, and the EU in instigating violence. YouTube and X notified AGCOM that they removed the content globally and blocked the chan...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 命令 YouTube 和 X 阻止《今日俄罗斯》内容广播", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 4 日，意大利通信管理局 (AGCOM) 根据外交部的报告，下令从 YouTube 和 X（前身为 Twitter）上删除一部《今日俄罗斯》纪录片。在意大利可以访问的内容被认为煽动种族仇恨，侵犯人类尊严，将乌克兰人描绘成纳粹，并暗示北约、美国和欧盟煽动暴力。 YouTube 和 X 通知 AGCOM，他们在全球范围内删除了该内容并屏蔽了该频道..." }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "GPDP investigation into CrowdStrike regarding effects of IT blackout", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10037602", "description": "On 23 July 2024, the Italian Guarantor for the Protection of Personal Data (GPDP) announced an investigation into the cybersecurity company CrowdStrike. The investigation focuses on the potential impact of a recent IT system blackout on users' personal data, particularly in relation to public services. The incident, reportedly caused by a malfunction in CrowdStrike's security software, has disrupted numerous online services. GPDP may take further action if specific violations are identified.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本办公室就 IT 停电影响对 CrowdStrike 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 23 日，意大利个人数据保护担保人 (GPDP) 宣布对网络安全公司 CrowdStrike 进行调查。调查的重点是最近 IT 系统停电对用户个人数据的潜在影响，特别是与公共服务相关的数据。据报道，该事件是由 CrowdStrike 安全软件故障引起的，已中断了众多在线服务。若发现具体违规行为，本办公室可能会采取进一步行动。" }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "Agcom Investigation into Microsoft for content renumeration owed to Gedi Gruppo Editoriale", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/comunicato-stampa-del-25-luglio-2024", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Italian Communications Authority (Agcom) determined the fair compensation owed by Microsoft for the use of GEDI Gruppo Editoriale SpA's journalistic publications on the Bing search engine. The Authority assessed the economic proposals from both parties, finding them non-compliant with the established criteria. Consequently, Agcom calculated the compensation based on Microsoft's advertising revenues derived from the online use of GEDI's publications on the basis of factors...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Agcom 就微软欠 Gedi GruppoEditore 的内容报酬问题展开调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 24 日，意大利通信管理局 (Agcom) 裁定 Microsoft 因在 Bing 搜索引擎上使用 GEDI GruppoEditore SpA 的新闻出版物而应支付公平赔偿。管理局评估了双方的经济建议，发现它们不符合既定标准。因此，Agcom 根据微软因在线使用 GEDI 出版物而获得的广告收入计算了赔偿，并考虑了以下因素......" }, { "date": "24 February 2023", "title": "AGCOM Resolution 3/23/CONS on identification of reference criteria for determining fair compensation for the online use of journalistic publications", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-3-23-cons", "description": "On 24 February 2023, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM)’s Resolution on the identification of reference criteria for determining fair compensation for the online use of journalistic publications entered into force. The Resolution introduces a right to fair remuneration for the online use of journalistic publications by information society service providers. This Resolution requires negotiations between publishers and platforms to determine fair compensation, with AGCOM i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 决议 3/23/CONS 关于确定参考标准以确定在线使用新闻出版物的公平补偿", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 24 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 关于确定参考标准以确定在线使用新闻出版物公平补偿的决议生效。该决议提出了信息社会服务提供商在线使用新闻出版物获得公平报酬的权利。该决议要求出版商和平台之间进行谈判以确定公平的补偿，AGCOM i..." }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Law on protection of minors in digital dimension (Act No. 1136)", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10176218", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) appeared before the 8th Committee of the Senate on the updated text adopted for Senate Bill No. 1136 on the protection of minors in the digital environment. The revised text allows the activation of social media and video-sharing accounts only for persons over 15 years of age and assigns the DPA the responsibility for verifying and sanctioning infringements in accordance with Articles 56(2), 58(2), and 83 of Regulation (EU) 2016/6...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字领域未成年人保护法（第1136号法）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 7 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 向参议院第八委员会提交了关于保护数字环境中未成年人的参议院第 1136 号法案通过的更新文本。修订后的文本仅允许年满 15 岁的人激活社交媒体和视频共享帐户，并赋予 DPA 根据《欧盟》2016/6 号法规第 56(2)、58(2) 和 83 条核实和制裁侵权行为的责任……" }, { "date": "15 September 2024", "title": "AGCOM Resolution 283/24/CONS on procedural guidelines for recognising trusted flaggers under the Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-283-24-cons", "description": "On 15 September 2024, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority’s Resolution on the procedural guidelines for recognising trusted flaggers under the Digital Services Act enters into force. The Act applies to digital services, specifically online platforms and intermediary services that facilitate the storage and dissemination of information and assigns trusted flaggers to identify and report illegal content to online platforms. The Regulation sets out the process for recognising the qua...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 第 283/24/CONS 号决议，关于根据《数字服务法》识别可信举报者的程序指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 15 日，意大利通信监管局关于根据《数字服务法》识别可信举报者的程序指南的决议生效。该法案适用于数字服务，特别是促进信息存储和传播并指派可信举报者识别并向在线平台报告非法内容的在线平台和中介服务。该条例规定了承认质量的程序..." }, { "date": "15 September 2024", "title": "AGCOM Resolution 282/24/CONS on certification procedure of bodies for the out-of-court dispute resolution between online platform providers and recipients under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-282-24-cons", "description": "On 15 September 2024, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority’s Resolution on the certification procedure of bodies for the out-of-court dispute resolution between online platform providers and recipients under the Digital Services Act (Resolution 282/24/CONS) enters into force. The Regulation applies to out-of-court dispute resolution bodies handling disputes between service recipients and online platform providers, requiring them to demonstrate impartiality, independence, and expert...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AGCOM 第 282/24/CONS 号决议，关于根据数字服务法对在线平台提供商和接收者之间进行庭外争议解决的机构的认证程序", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 15 日，意大利通信监管局关于《数字服务法》下在线平台提供商与接收者之间庭外争议解决机构认证程序的决议（第 282/24/CONS 号决议）生效。该规定适用于庭外纠纷解决机构处理服务对象与网络平台提供者之间的纠纷，要求其表现出公正性、独立性和专业性……" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "GPDP statement on monitoring agreements between publishers and OpenAI", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10057722", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority issued a statement that it is closely monitoring the agreements that RCS MediaGroup and GEDI Gruppo Editoriale have signed with OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT. The publishing companies operate, among other things, major news publications in Italy. Garante states that it reserves the right to evaluate the potential adoption of more specific initiatives by the parties to the agreements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本办公室关于监察出版商与 OpenAI 协议的声明", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 26 日，意大利数据保护局发表声明，表示正在密切关注 RCS MediaGroup 和 GEDI GruppoEditore 与 ChatGPT 背后的公司 OpenAI 签署的协议。除其他外，出版公司在意大利经营主要新闻出版物。 Garante 表示，它保留评估协议各方是否可能采取更具体举措的权利。" }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Authority for Communications guidelines on prominence of audiovisual and radio media services of general interest (Resolution 390/24/CONS)", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/avvisi/proroga-del-termine-la-pubblicazione-dellelenco-dei-soggetti-destinatari-delle", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Authority for Communications Guarantees (AGCOM) extended the deadline for publishing a list of entities subject to AGCOM guidelines on the prominence of audiovisual and radio media services of general interest. The guidelines impose obligations to enhance the prominence of audio-visual and radio media services of general interest on user interfaces. Due to a high number of requests (1'163) and the need for further review of over 300 incomplete submissions, the deadlin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信管理局关于突出普遍关注的视听和广播媒体服务的准则（第 390/24/CONS 号决议）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，通信保障局 (AGCOM) 延长了发布受 AGCOM 关于突出普遍关注的视听和广播媒体服务指南约束的实体名单的截止日期。该准则规定有义务增强用户界面上普遍感兴趣的视听和广播媒体服务的重要性。由于请求数量众多（1'163）并且需要对 300 多个不完整的提交内容进行进一步审核，截止日期..." }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "Legislative Decree No. 138 transposing NIS 2", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2024-10-01&atto.codiceRedazionale=24G00155&elenco30giorni=true", "description": "On 16 October 2024, Legislative Decree No. 138, transposing into national legislation the Directive (EU) 2022/2555 on measures for a high common level of cybersecurity across the Union (NIS 2 Directive), entered into force. The decree includes measures to ensure the security and resilience of the critical infrastructure. The National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) is designated as the responsible authority for overseeing the implementation process, enforcing obligations and collaborating with the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "转换 NIS 2 的第 138 号立法令", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，第 138 号立法令生效，该法令将关于整个联盟高共同水平网络安全措施的指令 (EU) 2022/2555（NIS 2 指令）转化为国家立法。该法令包括确保关键基础设施的安全性和弹性的措施。国家网络安全局（ACN）被指定为负责监督实施过程、履行义务并与......" }, { "date": "7 April 2024", "title": "Data protection authority investigation into Postel SpA for allegedly failing to address a known security vulnerability that led to a data breach", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10063782", "description": "On 4 July 2024, the Data Protection Authority fined Postel SpA EUR 900'000 due to a data breach resulting from a known vulnerability in its systems. This vulnerability, which had been reported earlier by the software manufacturer and the National Cybersecurity Agency, was not addressed by Postel. In August 2023, the company experienced a ransomware attack that compromised the personal data of approximately 25'000 individuals, including employees and business partners. The breach involved the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护机构对 Postel SpA 进行调查，称其未能解决导致数据泄露的已知安全漏洞", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 4 日，数据保护机构对 Postel SpA 处以 90 万欧元的罚款，原因是其系统中的已知漏洞导致数据泄露。该漏洞早前已由软件制造商和国家网络安全局报告，但 Postel 并未解决。 2023 年 8 月，该公司遭遇勒索软件攻击，导致约 25,000 人（包括员工和业务合作伙伴）的个人数据遭到泄露。此次违规涉及..." }, { "date": "22 November 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Foodinho for alleged privacy violations and using algorithms for identity verification of delivery drivers", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10074840", "description": "On 22 November 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority issued a EUR.5 million fine against Foodinho, a food delivery application, for unlawfully processing the personal data of delivery riders registered in the digital platform. In addition, the Authority ordered the company to stop using biometric data of its riders, such as facial recognition for identity verification, and to stop sharing the riders' geolocation data with third-party companies without their knowledge and authorisation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Foodinho 涉嫌侵犯隐私和使用算法验证送货司机身份的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 22 日，意大利数据保护局对食品配送应用 Foodinho 处以 500 万欧元罚款，原因是其非法处理在数字平台上注册的配送骑手的个人数据。此外，管理局还命令该公司停止使用乘客的生物识别数据，例如用于身份验证的面部识别，并停止在未经第三方公司知情和授权的情况下与第三方公司共享乘客的地理位置数据。" }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "GPDP investigation into agreements between GEDI Gruppo Editoriale SpA and OpenAI", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10077129", "description": "On 27 November 2024, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) issued an interim ruling to GEDI Gruppo Editoriale SpA and its subsidiaries pertaining to their agreement with OpenAI. The agreement relates to sharing editorial content, including personal data, for artificial intelligence (AI) training and service improvement. The GPDP identified potential violations of the General Data Protection Regulation, specifically pertaining to the legal basis for processing sensitive data, inadequate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本办公室对 GEDI GruppoEditoreSpA 与 OpenAI 之间的协议进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 27 日，意大利数据保护局 (GPDP) 就 GEDI GruppoEditoreSpA 及其子公司与 OpenAI 的协议发布了临时裁决。该协议涉及共享编辑内容，包括个人数据，以进行人工智能（AI）培训和服务改进。 GDPP 发现了可能违反《通用数据保护条例》的行为，特别是涉及处理敏感数据的法律依据、不充分..." }, { "date": "22 May 2021", "title": "Decree Law No. 41 on urgent measures to support businesses and economic operators including extension of digital services tax payment deadline", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2021/05/21/21G00080/sg", "description": "On 22 May 2021, Decree Law No. 41 on urgent measures to support businesses and economic operators including an extension of digital services tax (DST) payment deadline entered into force. The law was implemented in response to the COVID-19 emergency. The law extends the DST payment deadline from 16 February to 16 May and the DST return submission deadline from 30 April to 30 June of the year following the taxable period, with these extensions also applying retroactively to financial year 2020.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于支持企业和经济运营商的紧急措施的第 41 号法令，包括延长数字服务纳税期限", "description_zh": "2021 年 5 月 22 日，关于支持企业和经济运营商的紧急措施（包括延长数字服务税 (DST) 缴纳期限）的第 41 号法令生效。该法律是为了应对 COVID-19 紧急情况而实施的。该法律将 DST 付款截止日期从 2 月 16 日延长至 5 月 16 日，将 DST 申报表提交截止日期从纳税期后一年的 4 月 30 日延长至 6 月 30 日，这些延期也追溯至 2020 财年。" }, { "date": "22 March 2022", "title": "Revenue Agency ruling on application of the Digital Services Tax to targeted advertising services (Response No. 149/2022)", "url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/documents/20143/4256303/Risposta+n+149+del+2022.pdf/047b8e6c-937f-7d90-d1e9-4f88bd81c5bf", "description": "On 22 March 2022, the Italian Revenue Agency issued a ruling on the application of the Digital Services Tax (DST) to targeted advertising services. The ruling was given in response to a request from ALFA, a company engaged in editorial production and online advertising (ads) sales. It sought clarification on whether DST applies to revenue from programmatic advertising when it lacks control over user profiling and ads using geolocation data inferred from internet service providers (ISPs). The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "税务局对定向广告服务征收数字服务税的裁决（回应编号：149/2022）", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 22 日，意大利税务局发布了关于对定向广告服务征收数字服务税 (DST) 的裁决。该裁决是应 ALFA（一家从事编辑制作和在线广告销售的公司）的要求做出的。它寻求澄清，当缺乏对用户分析和使用互联网服务提供商 (ISP) 推断的地理位置数据的广告的控制时，DST 是否适用于程序化广告收入。这 ..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "2025 Budget Law amending digital services tax (Law no. 207 of 2024)", "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2025/01/20/25A00110/sg#:~:text=207%2C%20recante%3A%20%C2%ABBilancio%20di,305%20del%2031%20dicembre%202024).", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Budget Law amending digital services tax (DST) entered into force. The law removes the EUR 5.5 million threshold for digital services revenue. The law now applies to entities with over EUR 750 million in revenue (group or standalone), including both resident and non-resident companies. The law covers digital services provided to Italian users, including intermediation, advertising, and data transmission. The law also introduces a revised payment schedule, requiring an a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订数字服务税的 2025 年预算法（2024 年第 207 号法）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，修订数字服务税 (DST) 的《预算法》生效。该法律取消了数字服务收入 550 万欧元的门槛。该法律目前适用于收入超过 7.5 亿欧元的实体（集团或独立），包括居民和非居民公司。该法律涵盖向意大利用户提供的数字服务，包括中介、广告和数据传输。该法律还引入了修订后的付款时间表，要求..." }, { "date": "14 February 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into users of spyware from Paragon Solutions and similar systems over alleged privacy violations", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10103806", "description": "On 14 February 2025, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued a warning to users of the “Graphite” spyware systems provided by Paragon Solutions, or similar systems, and to those using information collected through these software. The DPA noted that the use of these tools outside of uses permitted by the law violates the Privacy Code and could result in administrative fines of up to EUR 20 million or 4% of company turnover. Such activities are only lawful when conducted for purposes strictl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Paragon Solutions 和类似系统的间谍软件用户涉嫌侵犯隐私的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 14 日，数据保护局 (DPA) 向 Paragon Solutions 提供的“Graphite”间谍软件系统或类似系统的用户以及使用通过这些软件收集的信息的用户发出警告。 DPA 指出，在法律允许的用途之外使用这些工具违反了《隐私法》，可能会导致高达 2000 万欧元或公司营业额 4% 的行政罚款。此类活动只有在严格出于严格目的的情况下才合法......" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Lusha Systems over alleged unauthorised processing of contact data", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10120565", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority announced an investigation into Lusha Systems over the unauthorised processing of contact data. The investigation focuses on concerns that it collects and sells personal contact details, including email addresses and phone numbers, of individuals residing in Italy, including institutional figures, without appropriate consent. The Authority has requested Lusha to clarify, within twenty days, the volume and source of data processed, the met...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Lusha Systems 涉嫌未经授权处理联系数据展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 8 日，意大利数据保护局宣布对 Lusha Systems 展开调查，指控其未经授权处理联系人数据。调查的重点是担心它在未经适当同意的情况下收集和出售居住在意大利的个人（包括机构人士）的个人联系方式，包括电子邮件地址和电话号码。管理局已要求 Lusha 在二十天内澄清处理的数据量和来源、气象..." }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "Communications Regulatory Authority enforcement against rebranded copyright-infringing website", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/sites/default/files/provvedimenti/determina/2025/DDA_14515_Determina_54_25_%20dda_0.pdf", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) issued Determination No. 54/25/DDA ordering the blocking of the website ilgeniodellostreaming.delivery. The website was found to be a rebranded version of ilgeniodellostreaming.press, which had previously been blocked for distributing copyrighted content owned by Vision Distribution S.p.A. Following a complaint submitted by FAPAV on behalf of the rights holder, AGCOM confirmed that the domain name had been changed to ci...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信监管局对更名的侵犯版权网站进行执法", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 31 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 发布第 54/25/DDA 号决定，命令封锁 ilgeniodellostreaming.delivery 网站。该网站被发现是 ilgeniodellostreaming.press 的重新命名版本，该网站此前因分发 Vision Distribution S.p.A. 拥有的版权内容而被屏蔽。在 FAPAV 代表权利持有人提交投诉后，AGCOM 确认该域名已更改为 ci..." }, { "date": "18 April 2025", "title": "Non-discriminatory digital services taxes in United States - Italy joint leaders' statement to strengthen strategic alliance across security, economic, and technological issues", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/04/united-states-italy-joint-leaders-statement/", "description": "On 18 April 2025, the United States and Italy adopted a joint statement to strengthen strategic alliance across security, economic, and technological issues. The statement applies to digital technology firms engaged in cross-border trade and investment between the two regions. The statement affirmed the need for a non-discriminatory environment in the taxation of digital services, aimed at maintaining favourable conditions for investment by technology companies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国-意大利领导人联合声明加强安全、经济和技术问题上的战略联盟", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 18 日，美国和意大利通过联合声明，加强安全、经济和技术问题上的战略联盟。该声明适用于从事两地跨境贸易和投资的数字科技公司。该声明确认了数字服务征税需要一个非歧视性的环境，旨在为科技公司的投资维持有利的条件。" }, { "date": "18 April 2025", "title": "Data protection provision in Communications Regulatory Authority's Regulation for the Protection of Minors in the Digital Environment (Resolution no. 96/25/CONS)", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/comunicazione/comunicati-stampa/comunicato-stampa-29", "description": "On 18 April 2025, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) adopted Resolution 96/25/CONS, implementing Law No. 159/2023. The Resolution stipulates that platforms offering content in Italy are obligated to verify the age of users using certified third parties, through a two-step process involving identification and authentication. Verification may be conducted via applications such as digital identity wallets and must be applied per session. The Resolution delineates the respons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信管理局《数字环境中未成年人保护条例》中的数据保护条款（第 96/25/CONS 号决议）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 18 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 通过了第 96/25/CONS 号决议，实施第 159/2023 号法律。该决议规定，在意大利提供内容的平台有义务通过经过认证的第三方，通过涉及识别和身份验证的两步流程来验证用户的年龄。验证可以通过数字身份钱包等应用程序进行，并且必须在每个会话中应用。该决议概述了响应..." }, { "date": "4 October 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Replika over alleged violations of GDPR provisions pertaining to legal basis for data processing and insufficient age verification", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10130115", "description": "On 10 April 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced that it had fined Luka, the provider of the artificial intelligence chatbot Replika, EUR 5 million for violating the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DPA identified three main violations. First, Luka failed to properly identify valid legal bases for its various data processing operations, including those related to developing its large language model Replika. The privacy policy contained only vague reference...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 Replika 进行调查，指控其违反了与数据处理法律依据和年龄验证不充分相关的 GDPR 条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 10 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 宣布，因违反《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)，对人工智能聊天机器人 Replika 的提供商 Luka 处以 500 万欧元罚款。 DPA 确定了三项主要违规行为。首先，Luka 未能正确识别其各种数据处理操作的有效法律依据，包括与开发其大型语言模型 Replika 相关的操作。隐私政策仅包含模糊的参考..." }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to the compatibility of Italian Copyright compensation rules for digital platforms with European Union's copyright directive (Regional Administrative Court for Lazio v Meta Platforms Ireland) (Case No. C-797/23)", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf;jsessionid=DAA2FA4F28D4FDE9B9A9F908C77F0DEA?text=&docid=284184&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3162030", "description": "On 10 July 2025, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of European Union issued an opinion on the Italian implementation of Article 15 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. The Directive grants press publishers exclusive rights for the online use of their publications by information society service providers (ISSPs) including Meta Platforms Ireland. The Advocate General found that Italy’s obligations requiring ISSPs to negotiate with publishers, disclose...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关意大利数字平台版权补偿规则与欧盟版权指令兼容性的诉讼（拉齐奥地区行政法院诉爱尔兰 Meta Platforms）（案件编号：C-797/23）", "description_zh": "2025年7月10日，欧盟法院总检察长就意大利实施关于数字单一市场版权的指令(EU) 2019/790第15条发表了意见。该指令授予新闻出版商由包括 Meta Platforms Ireland 在内的信息社会服务提供商 (ISSP) 在线使用其出版物的专有权。总检察长发现，意大利有义务要求 ISSP 与出版商谈判、披露……" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Competition Authority investigation into Meta's decision to pre-install its AI service on WhatsApp assessing its compliance with Treaty of Functioning of European Union", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/allegati-news/A576_adoz%20misure%20cautelari_omi_signed_signed.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Competition Authority ordered Meta to suspend the application of the new business solution terms for WhatsApp insofar as those terms would produce effects in Italy. WhatsApp's business solution terms, introduced on 15 October 2025, restrict access for third-party AI service providers whose primary functionality is AI chatbots or assistants. The Authority concluded the terms are likely to limit production, outlets, or technical development in the AI ​​Chatbot services ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争管理局对 Meta 决定在 WhatsApp 上预装其人工智能服务进行调查，评估其遵守欧盟运作条约的情况", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 22 日，竞争管理局命令 Meta 暂停适用 WhatsApp 的新业务解决方案条款，因为这些条款将在意大利生效。 WhatsApp 的商业解决方案条款于 2025 年 10 月 15 日推出，限制主要功能是人工智能聊天机器人或助手的第三方人工智能服务提供商的访问。管理局得出的结论是，这些条款可能会限制人工智能聊天机器人服务的生产、销售或技术开发……" }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Inquiry into rules on methodologies for measuring content disseminated by digital platforms (Resolution no. 199/25/CONS)", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/provvedimenti/delibera-87-26-cons", "description": "On 25 March 2026, the Italian Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) adopted Resolution No. 87/26/CONS, concluding the inquiry into audience measurement in the digital ecosystem opened under Resolution No. 199/25/CONS. The inquiry examined methodologies for measuring content distributed by digital platforms and operators whose content is consumed exclusively in digital environments and that are not yet included within a Joint Industry Committee (JIC). The inquiry involved 27 parties acro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于衡量数字平台传播内容的方法规则的调查（第 199/25/CONS 号决议）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 25 日，意大利通信监管局 (AGCOM) 通过了第 87/26/CONS 号决议，结束了根据第 199/25/CONS 号决议启动的数字生态系统受众测量调查。该调查研究了衡量数字平台和运营商分发的内容的方法，这些平台和运营商的内容仅在数字环境中消费，并且尚未纳入联合行业委员会（JIC）。此次调查涉及全国27个当事人..." }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Italian Data Protection Authority source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10174164", "description": "Official source record dated 10 January 2025 for Italy concerning Data Protection Authority investigation into AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 over unlawful processing of personal data through ClothOff \"deep nude\" service. See the linked garanteprivacy.it source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 进行调查，指控其通过 ClothOff“深度裸露”服务非法处理个人数据", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 裁定，根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 5(1)(a)、5(2) 和 25 条，ClothOff“深裸”服务运营商 AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 Ltd. 对个人数据的处理是非法的。 DPA 指出，该公司未能提供所要求的信息，并且对经过处理的图像加水印不充分，这违反了公平、问责和数据保护的原则。" }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "National Cybersecurity Agency's determination on methods and procedures under Network and Information Security Directive (Resolution 333017/2025)", "url": "https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/documents/d/guest/detacn_piattaformanis_250916-v5_signed", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the determination on compliance with the national competent authority under the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive entered into force, except for the provision setting out the procedure and deadlines for continuous updating and confirmation of NIS entity and user information. The determination specifies the deadlines, methods, and procedures for the use and access to the Agency's digital platform, as well as additional information that entities must provide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网络安全局根据网络和信息安全指令确定的方法和程序（第333017/2025号决议）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 30 日，网络与信息安全（NIS）指令下的国家主管部门合规决定生效，但规定 NIS 实体和用户信息持续更新和确认的程序和期限的规定除外。该决定规定了使用和访问该机构数字平台的截止日期、方法和程序，以及实体必须提供的其他信息……" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into CamHub over alleged illegal collection and dissemination of videos", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10174543", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Italian Data Protection Authority issued a notice against ICF Technology, which manages the CamHub website. The authority stated that the website, currently blocked in Italy, streams sexually explicit videos, including private chat rooms. It also stated that collecting and sharing videos illegally recorded from cameras in private Italian homes violates European and national privacy laws. It warned that reactivating the site without the explicit consent of the data subje...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 CamHub 涉嫌非法收集和传播视频进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 6 日，意大利数据保护局发布了针对管理 CamHub 网站的 ICF Technology 的通知。当局表示，该网站目前在意大利被屏蔽，该网站播放露骨的色情视频，包括私人聊天室。它还表示，收集和分享意大利私人住宅中摄像头非法录制的视频违反了欧洲和国家隐私法。它警告说，未经数据主体明确同意，重新激活该网站......" }, { "date": "19 July 2022", "title": "Communications Regulatory Authority investigation into Google over alleged unlawful gambling advertising", "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=306596&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=12877115", "description": "On 19 July 2022, by decision (“the contested decision”), the Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) imposed on Google Ireland Limited (“Google”) a fine of EUR 750’000 for having promoted numerous websites for games with monetary winnings on the video-sharing platform YouTube in breach of Article 9 of Decree-Law No 87/2018, found that 630 videos (“the videos at issue”) were uploaded to five channels belonging to the content creator Spike with whom Google had signed a commercial partnershi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信监管局对谷歌涉嫌非法赌博广告展开调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 19 日，通信监管局 (AGCOM) 根据决定（“有争议的决定”）对 Google Ireland Limited（“谷歌”）处以 75 万欧元的罚款，原因是其在视频共享平台 YouTube 上宣传了多个有金钱奖金的游戏网站，违反了第 87/2018 号法令第 9 条，并发现 630 个视频（“有争议的视频”）被上传到了 5 个频道属于内容创作者 Spike，Google 已与他签署了商业合作伙伴关系..." }, { "title": "Authority for Communications investigation into Cloudflare over alleged failure to comply with Resolution No. 49/25/CONS on technical and operational requirements of Piracy Shield (No. 333/25/CONS)", "url": "https://blog.cloudflare.com/standing-up-for-the-open-internet/", "description": "On 8 March 2026, Cloudflare appealed the EUR 14.25 million fine imposed by the Authority for Communications, arguing that the penalty is disproportionate and unlawfully calculated on global rather than Italian revenue. The company contends that the underlying enforcement framework violates the European Union's laws. particularly on due process and proportionality requirements under the Digital Services Act. The company is seeking annulment of the fine before the Italian administrative courts....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信管理局因 Cloudflare 涉嫌未遵守有关 Piracy Shield 技术和操作要求的第 49/25/CONS 号决议（第 333/25/CONS）而对 Cloudflare 进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 8 日，Cloudflare 对通信管理局征收的 1,425 万欧元罚款提出上诉，认为罚款不成比例，并且根据全球而非意大利收入计算非法。该公司声称其基本执行框架违反了欧盟法律。特别是《数字服务法》中的正当程序和相称性要求。该公司正在向意大利行政法院寻求撤销罚款......" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Communications Regulatory Authority list of general interest services pursuant to resolution no. 250/25/CONS", "url": "https://www.agcom.it/node/45987", "description": "On 19 January 2026, the Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) adopted the list of audiovisual and radio media services of general interest distributed online in accordance with resolution no. 250/25/CONS. The list implements the guidelines regarding the prominence of general interest services, which aim to ensure that specific media content remains accessible and visible to the public on digital interfaces. The list is organised into five distinct categories: services provided by the pu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信监管局根据第 1 号决议列出一般利益服务清单250/25/缺点", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 19 日，通信监管局 (AGCOM) 根据第 12 号决议通过了在线分发的普遍关注的视听和广播媒体服务清单。 250/25/缺点。该列表实施了有关突出公共利益服务的准则，旨在确保公众在数字界面上仍然可以访问和查看特定的媒体内容。该列表分为五个不同的类别：由公共机构提供的服务..." }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Data Protection Authority and National Labour Inspectorate investigation into Amazon over alleged unlawful worker monitoring and data processing", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10224096", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Italian Data Protection Authority (GPDP) issued provision no. 107 against Amazon after a joint investigation with the National Labour Inspectorate and the Financial Guard’s Special Privacy and Technological Fraud Unit. The investigation focused on Amazon’s logistics hubs in Passo Corese and Castel San Giovanni, following inspections in February 2026. The GPDP found that managers had recorded sensitive information about employees in a free-text field of the XX platform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护局和国家劳动监察局对亚马逊涉嫌非法工人监控和数据处理进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，意大利数据保护局 (GPDP) 发布了第 24 号规定。在与国家劳动监察局和金融卫队特别隐私和技术欺诈部门联合调查后，针对亚马逊发起了 107 号调查。继2026年2月进行检查后，调查重点是亚马逊位于Passo Corese和Castel San Giovanni的物流中心。GPDP发现管理人员在XX平台的自由文本字段中记录了有关员工的敏感信息......" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into e-Campus Online University over allegations of unlawful biometric data processing", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10221611", "description": "On 29 January 2026, the Data Protection Authority ruled that the processing of biometric data by e-Campus Online University for student attendance verification was unlawful and imposed an administrative fine of EUR 50’000. The case followed a report that the university used a facial recognition system to identify participants and verify attendance during online teaching qualification courses. The Authority found that the consent obtained from students was not freely given, citing an imbalance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护局对 e-Campus Online University 涉嫌非法生物识别数据处理进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 29 日，数据保护局裁定 e-Campus Online University 处理生物识别数据用于学生出勤验证的行为非法，并处以 50,000 欧元的行政罚款。此前有报道称，该大学使用面部识别系统来识别参与者并验证在线教学资格课程的出勤情况。管理局发现，从学生那里获得的同意并不是自愿给予的，理由是不平衡......" }, { "title": "Italy AI Regulatory Tracker", "url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-our-thinking/ai-watch-global-regulatory-tra...", "description": "Italy follows the EU AI Act framework with ongoing national implementation. The Italian data protection authority (Garante) continues to be active in AI oversight. Italy is among EU member states developing national AI governance frameworks aligned with the August 2026 deadline.", "categories": [ "National Implementation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利人工智能监管追踪器", "description_zh": "意大利遵循欧盟人工智能法案框架并持续在全国实施。意大利数据保护机构 (Garante) 继续积极参与人工智能监管。意大利是在 2026 年 8 月截止日期之前制定国家人工智能治理框架的欧盟成员国之一。" }, { "title": "Legge n.132 del 23 settembre 2025 - Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale (National Law on Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://www.agid.gov.it/it/ambiti-intervento/intelligenza-artificiale", "description": "AI law in Italy: Legge n.132/2025 establishes a national framework for the development, deployment and governance of artificial intelligence in Italy, aligning domestic policy with the EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689). It defines principles (anthropocentric, transparent, safe), designates AgID and the National Cybersecurity Agency (ACN) as national authorities, introduces sectoral rules (health, labour, finance), and adds new criminal and administrative measures including a specific offence for illicit dissemination of AI-generated/altered content (deepfakes)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Legge n.132 del 23 settembre 2025 - Disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza Artificiale（国家人工智能法）", "description_zh": "意大利人工智能法：Legge n.132/2025 为意大利人工智能的开发、部署和治理建立了国家框架，使国内政策与欧盟人工智能法案（Reg. 2024/1689）保持一致。它定义了原则（以人为中心、透明、安全），指定 AgID 和国家网络安全局 (ACN) 作为国家当局，引入部门规则（健康、劳工、金融），并增加新的刑事和行政措施，包括非法传播人工智能生成/更改内容（深度伪造）的具体罪行......" }, { "title": "Italia Digitale 2026 (National Digital Strategy / Italy Digital 2026)", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/", "description": "AI law in Italy: Italia Digitale 2026 is the Italian national digital strategy embedded within the PNRR (Italia Domani) that sets five national targets for 2026 (digital identity, skills, cloud adoption, online public services and ultra‑broadband) and a programme of investments, governance changes and platform initiatives. The strategy was formalized in March 2021 and summarized in the October 12, 2022 report "Documento Italia digitale 2026" which describes results 2021–2022 and actions for 2023–2026....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Italia Digitale 2026（国家数字战略/Italia Digital 2026）", "description_zh": "意大利的人工智能法：Italia Digitale 2026 是嵌入 PNRR (Italia Domani) 的意大利国家数字战略，为 2026 年设定了五个国家目标（数字身份、技能、云采用、在线公共服务和超宽带）以及投资、治理变革和平台计划计划。该战略于 2021 年 3 月正式确定，并在 2022 年 10 月 12 日的报告“Documento Italia digitale 2026”中进行了总结。其中描述了 2021-2022 年的结果和 2023-2026 年的行动......" }, { "title": "LombardIA: Regional Strategy for AI", "url": "https://www.agid.gov.it/sites/default/files/2024-07/italian-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence-2024-2026.pdf", "description": "AI law in Italy: LombardIA is a regional strategy by Regione Lombardia to establish the region as a leading AI hub, fostering ethical and sustainable AI development through multi-stakeholder collaboration and strategic investments in key sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "LombardIA：人工智能区域战略", "description_zh": "意大利的人工智能法：LombardIA 是伦巴第大区的一项区域战略，旨在将该地区打造成领先的人工智能中心，通过多方利益相关者的合作和对关键领域的战略投资，促进道德和可持续的人工智能发展。" }, { "title": "Programma Strategico per l'Intelligenza Artificiale (Strategic Programme on Artificial Intelligence) 2022-2024", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/comunicati-stampa/intelligenza-artificiale-l-italia-lancia-la-strategia-nazionale/", "description": "AI law in Italy: The Italian Strategic Programme on Artificial Intelligence 2022–2024 is a national three-year roadmap adopted by the Council of Ministers on 24 November 2021. It sets 24 policy measures to strengthen AI research, skills, public sector adoption and innovation, establish governance mechanisms and align Italy with EU-level AI strategy and standards. (innovazione.gov.it)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Programma Strategyo per l'Intelligenza Artificiale（人工智能战略计划）2022-2024", "description_zh": "意大利的人工智能法：2022-2024年意大利人工智能战略计划是部长理事会于2021年11月24日通过的国家三年期路线图。它制定了24项政策措施，以加强人工智能研究、技能、公共部门采用和创新，建立治理机制并使意大利与欧盟层面的人工智能战略和标准保持一致。 （innovazione.gov.it）..." }, { "title": "Bozza - Linee guida per l'adozione dell'Intelligenza Artificiale nella Pubblica Amministrazione (AgID draft guidelines on AI adoption in the PA)", "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/news/ai-act-enters-force-2024-08-01_en", "description": "AI law in Italy: A draft (Bozza V.1.0, 14 Feb 2025) of the Italian national guidelines prepared by the Agency for Digital Italy (AgID) to support adoption, procurement and development of AI systems by public administrations. The document aligns PA practice with the EU AI Act, GDPR and national plans, setting governance, risk-assessment, transparency and security expectations while explicitly restricting certain uses (e.g., social scoring and real-time biometric identification) in line with EU rules....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bozza - Linee guida per l'adozione dell'Intelligenza Artificiale nella Pubblica Amministrazione（关于巴勒斯坦权力机构采用人工智能的 AgID 指南草案）", "description_zh": "意大利人工智能法：意大利数字机构 (AgID) 制定的意大利国家指南草案（Bozza V.1.0，2025 年 2 月 14 日），旨在支持公共管理部门采用、采购和开发人工智能系统。该文件将 PA 实践与欧盟人工智能法案、GDPR 和国家计划保持一致，设定治理、风险评估、透明度和安全预期，同时根据欧盟规则明确限制某些用途（例如社会评分和实时生物识别）……" }, { "title": "Piano Triennale per l'Informatica nella Pubblica Amministrazione 2024-2026 (Three‑Year ICT Plan for the Public Administration)", "url": "https://www.agid.gov.it/index.php/en/node/100054", "description": "AI law in Italy: The Italian Three‑Year ICT Plan 2024–2026, published by the Agency for Digital Italy (AGID) and approved by DPCM, sets strategic principles and operational lines for the digital transformation of all public administrations in Italy. It updates priorities (including AI, data governance, cloud-first, interoperability and security), introduces operational tools for administrations and defines monitoring, procurement alignment and governance roles to achieve national digital objectives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024-2026 年钢琴三年展（公共行政信息通信技术三年计划）", "description_zh": "意大利的人工智能法：由意大利数字机构 (AGID) 发布并经 DPCM 批准的《2024-2026 年意大利三年 ICT 计划》为意大利所有公共管理部门的数字化转型制定了战略原则和操作方针。它更新了优先事项（包括人工智能、数据治理、云优先、互操作性和安全性），引入了管理操作工具，并定义了监控、采购协调和治理角色，以实现国家数字目标……" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Italy proposes governance model on AI and work", "url": "https://www.lavoro.gov.it/g7-labour/news/ai-and-work-italy-proposes-a-governance-model-based-on-strategies-skills-and-trust", "description": "\" AI and Work: Managing transformation, Multiplying Opportunities \" was the theme of today's work which took place at the Tempio di Vibia Sabina e Adriano, headquarters of the Rome Chamber of Commerce, as well as at the INPS and INAIL headquarters at Palazzo Wedekind and Palazzo Brasini, respectively. The Ministry of Labour and Social Policies supported the event in association with the National Social Security Institute and the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "意大利提出人工智能和工作治理模式", "description_zh": "在罗马举行的“人工智能与工作：管理转型，倍增机会”活动上，劳工和社会政策部长玛丽娜·卡尔德罗内强调了以人为本的方法，重点关注技能培训和高质量工作，详细介绍了意大利通过 SIISL、EDO 和 AppLI 等平台管理数字化转型的综合生态系统，会议强调了欧洲合作在解决工作场所常见的人工智能相关挑战方面的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 February 2026", "title": "Italy, India, Kenya sign landmark AI cooperation agreement to advance development in Africa", "url": "https://www.ict.go.ke/india-italy-and-kenya-partner-drive-sovereign-ai-adoption-across-africa", "description": "Primary source (ict.go.ke) dated 21 February 2026 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利、印度、肯尼亚签署具有里程碑意义的人工智能合作协议，推动非洲发展", "description_zh": "意大利、印度和肯尼亚已建立战略三边伙伴关系，在非洲共同设计和部署可扩展的主权人工智能解决方案。这项合作是在 2026 年人工智能影响峰会上宣布的，旨在在农业、健康、教育和公共服务等领域实施支持语音的人工智能技术，重点关注低连接环境和当地语言。该倡议利用七国集团认可的人工智能可持续发展中心，并与意大利的马泰计划保持一致，结合印度的创新专业知识、肯尼亚的实地生态系统和意大利的工业合作伙伴关系，建设非洲主导的人工智能基础设施。一个关键目标是到 2030 年建立 100 条人工智能传播途径，以确保整个非洲大陆可信且符合情境的人工智能采用。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.ict.go.ke', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /india-italy-and-kenya-partner-drive-sovereign-ai-adoption-across-africa (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issu", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "R.G. n. 1244/2025", "url": "/documents/1598/Siracusa.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the T. Siracusa. False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed a quoted maxim to Cass. civ., sez. III, 11 aprile 2006, n. 8379 which the Tribunal determined is not present in the authentic ruling; opposing party produced the true text. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "R.G.名词1244/2025", "description_zh": "律师出现在 T. Siracusa 面前。虚假引述：判例法|律师将引用的格言归咎于卡斯。公民特区III，2006 年 4 月 11 日，n。仲裁庭确定的第 8379 号内容不存在于真实裁决中；对方提供了真实的文本。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "T. Siracusa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2000 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "N. 4203/2025 R.G.", "url": "/documents/1820/Sentenza_IA_Verona_02-2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TO Verona. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | The introductory pleading included an extraneous chatbot prompt indicating generative-AI drafting; court relied on this text to find insufficiently controlled AI use and imposed aggravated procedural sanctions. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "N. 4203/2025 R.G.", "description_zh": "律师出庭维罗纳。制作：展览和提交|介绍性诉状包括一个无关的聊天机器人提示，表明生成人工智能起草；法院依据该文本认定人工智能的使用未得到充分控制，并施加了更严厉的程序制裁。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "TO Verona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1800 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "South Korea and Italy agree to strengthen cooperation in AI, chips", "url": "https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/ROK_Italy_20260119.pdf", "description": "Primary source (governo.it) dated 19 January 2026 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国和意大利同意加强人工智能、芯片合作", "description_zh": "在首尔青瓦台峰会上，韩国和意大利发表联合声明，同意深化人工智能、半导体和航空航天等高科技领域的合作，同时扩大国防工业和关键矿产供应链的联系。峰会期间，两国签署了韩国半导体工业协会和意大利电气电子工业协会之间的半导体合作谅解备忘录。该备忘录旨在促进半导体行业（包括人工智能等先进领域）的业务合作和信息共享，并加强半导体供应链。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "Garante issues warning relating to deepfake risks of Grok, ChatGPT, Clothoff and other similar services", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10207147", "description": "Deepfake, il Garante avverte: a rischio diritti e libertà fondamentali Dopo il blocco di Clothoff, l’Autorità richiama l’attenzione sull’uso di Grok e altri servizi analoghi", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 发布有关 Grok、ChatGPT、Clothoff 和其他类似服务的 Deepfake 风险的警告", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (Garante) 发表声明称，已向 Grok、ChatGPT 和 Clothoff 等基于人工智能的服务（后者平台已于 2025 年 10 月被封锁）以及其他类似在线服务的用户发出警告，这些服务允许用户根据真实图像或声音生成和分享内容，甚至在未经他人同意的情况下“脱衣服”。管理局回顾，在未经数据主体同意的情况下，使用此类工具以及通过社交媒体或其他数字服务和消息应用程序传播由此生成的内容，除了可能构成刑事犯罪外，还可能导致严重侵犯所涉个人的基本权利和自由，并产生欧洲个人数据保护立法规定的一切后果，包括制裁。根据同一规定，Garante 还提醒此类服务的提供商设计、开发和提供可用的应用程序和平台，以确保用户可以在遵守隐私法规的情况下使用它们。法院发起的调查显示，这些服务在许多情况下极容易在没有任何法律依据的情况下滥用第三方的图像和声音。 Garante 已经与爱尔兰同行合作，负责 X 提供的服务，因为它是该公司在欧洲的主要机构，保留采取进一步举措的权利。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Italy antitrust watchdog may curb Meta as WhatsApp AI probe widens", "url": "https://en.agcm.it/en/media/press-releases/2025/11/A576", "description": "According to the Authority, the new WhatsApp Business Solution Terms, introduced on 15 October 2025, and the integration of new Meta AI interaction tools or features into WhatsApp may limit production, market access or technical developments in the AI Chatbot services market.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "随着 WhatsApp 人工智能调查范围扩大，意大利反垄断监管机构可能会遏制 Meta", "description_zh": "意大利竞争管理局扩大了针对 Meta 发起的有关 WhatsApp 商业解决方案条款的调查程序的范围。自 2025 年 10 月 15 日起，这些条款将 Meta AI 在人工智能聊天机器人服务市场的竞争对手排除在 WhatsApp 平台之外。除了扩大正在进行的调查范围外，管理局还根据第 287/1990 号法律第 14 条之二，针对新的 WhatsApp 业务解决方案条款（于 2025 年 10 月 15 日推出）以及将新的 Meta AI 交互工具或功能集成到 WhatsApp 中，启动了可能采取临时措施的程序。管理局表示，合同条款的这一变化可能会限制人工智能聊天机器人服务市场的生产、市场准入或技术开发，从而损害消费者的利益，并可能构成违反 TFEU 第 102 条的行为。此外，管理局认为 Meta 违反竞争规则的行为可能会严重且不可挽回地损害市场的可竞争性，因为消费者改变习惯的倾向有限，这阻碍了他们转向竞争服务。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "Ric. n. 3054/2025", "url": "/documents/917/ia-TAR-MILANO.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the TAR Lombardia. Fabricated: Case Law | Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti a pronunce giudiziarie non pertinenti o non note; il Collegio segnala che molte massime e richiami risultavano apparentemente inventati dagli strumenti di IA. Outcome: Costs of 1,500 EUR, referral to the bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞克.名词3054/2025", "description_zh": "律师在西藏自治区伦巴第大区的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法| Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti 发音为 giudiziarie non pertinenti or non note；学院的学生们和里奇亚米显然都发明了 IA 工具。结果：费用 1,500 欧元，转介至酒吧。", "court": "TAR Lombardia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs of 1,500 EUR, referral to the bar", "monetary_penalty": "1500 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Italy's AI bill enters into force", "url": "https://www.giurisprudenzapenale.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/bozza-ddl.pdf", "description": "Primary source (giurisprudenzapenale.com) dated 10 October 2025 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Copyright & Ip", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利人工智能法案生效", "description_zh": "《人工智能规定和政府授权法案》（第 1146 号法案）已生效。主要特点包括：（1）非法传播人工智能生成或操纵的内容，如果造成伤害，可判处一年至五年的监禁； (2) 对利用人工智能实施犯罪（包括欺诈和身份盗用）的处罚更加严厉，并制定更严格的透明度和人类监督规则，规范人工智能在工作场所以及医疗保健、教育、司法和体育等一系列领域的使用方式； (3) 14岁以下儿童使用AI需要家长同意； （4）在版权方面，人工智能辅助创作的作品如果源自真正的智力成果，则受到保护，而人工智能驱动的文本和数据挖掘仅允许用于非版权内容或授权机构的科学研究； (5) 已指定意大利数字局和国家网络安全局来执行该立法； (6) 该法律授权国家支持的风险投资基金提供高达 10 亿欧元（8.7 亿英镑）的资金来支持活跃于人工智能、网络安全和电信领域的公司。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Italian Data Protection Authority source on deepfake-related enforcement and policy", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10174164", "description": "Official source record dated 1 October 2025 for Italy concerning Italian DPA temporarily restricts deepfake nude app ClothOff from processing of Italian personal data. See the linked garanteprivacy.it source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利 DPA 暂时限制 Deepfake 裸体应用 ClothOff 处理意大利个人数据", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (DPA) 裁定，根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 5(1)(a)、5(2) 和 25 条，ClothOff“深裸”服务运营商 AI/Robotics Venture Strategy 3 Ltd. 对个人数据的处理是非法的。 DPA 指出，该公司未能提供所要求的信息，并且对经过处理的图像加水印不充分，这违反了设计和默认的公平、问责和数据保护原则。它根据第 58(2)(f) 条对意大利用户个人数据的处理施加了临时限制，该限制立即生效并等待调查结果。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Sentenza del 23.09.2025", "url": "", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Tribunale di Latina. Fabricated: Case Law | Manifestly unfounded citations Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "23.09.2025 的句子", "description_zh": "律师在拉丁法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|明显毫无根据的引用 结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "Tribunale di Latina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2000 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Italy finally approves AI bill, covering privacy, oversight and child access", "url": "https://www.senato.it/leggi-e-documenti/disegni-di-legge/scheda-ddl?tab=datiGenerali&did=59313", "description": "Primary source (senato.it) dated 17 September 2025 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利最终批准人工智能法案，涵盖隐私、监督和儿童访问", "description_zh": "意大利议会批准了一项涵盖人工智能的新法律（参议院法案第 1146-B 号），使其成为第一个拥有与欧盟人工智能法案一致的全面人工智能法规的欧盟国家。主要特点包括：（1）非法传播人工智能生成或操纵的内容，如果造成伤害，可判处一年至五年的监禁； (2) 对利用人工智能实施犯罪（包括欺诈和身份盗用）的处罚更加严厉，并制定更严格的透明度和人类监督规则，规范人工智能在工作场所以及医疗保健、教育、司法和体育等一系列领域的使用方式； (3) 14岁以下儿童使用AI需要家长同意； （4）在版权方面，人工智能辅助创作的作品如果源自真正的智力成果，则受到保护，而人工智能驱动的文本和数据挖掘仅允许用于非版权内容或授权机构的科学研究； (5) 已指定意大利数字局和国家网络安全局来执行该立法； (6) 该法律授权国家支持的风险投资基金提供高达 10 亿欧元（8.7 亿英镑）的资金来支持活跃于人工智能、网络安全和电信领域的公司。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "R.G.L. n. 1018/2025", "url": "/documents/813/AI_Allucination_-_Turin_Court_n._1018-2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Tribunale di Torino. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "R.G.L.名词1018/2025", "description_zh": "律师在都灵法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "Tribunale di Torino", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Italy Competition Authority investigates into Meta's integration of Meta AI in WhatsApp", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/media/comunicati-stampa/2025/7/A576", "description": "Da marzo 2025 Meta, in posizione dominante nel mercato dei servizi di comunicazione via app, ha deciso di pre-installare il proprio servizio di intelligenza artificiale sull’app Whatsapp. In tal modo Meta potrebbe “imporre” ai propri utenti l’utilizzo dei propri servizi di chatbot e assistenza AI", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利竞争管理局对 Meta 将 Meta AI 集成到 WhatsApp 进行调查", "description_zh": "意大利竞争管理局 (AGCM) 已对 Meta 展开调查，以评估其是否违反《欧盟运作条约》(TFEU) 第 102 条。调查涉及涉嫌滥用搭售行为，该行为与 WhatsApp 即时通讯应用程序中预安装和显着集成生成式人工智能服务“Meta AI”有关。 AGCM 通过应用程序和通用聊天机器人或人工智能助理服务确定了消费者通信服务的不同相关产品市场，并指出 Meta 在欧洲和国家层面在前市场中的主导地位。 AGCM 认为，将 Meta AI 集成到 WhatsApp 中可能会促进用户群的快速扩张，并可能在用户交互方面训练人工智能模型，从而扭曲竞争，从而产生排他效应。该诉讼预计于 2026 年 12 月 31 日结束，各方自收到通知后有 60 天的时间行使听证权。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Di Rocco Isabelle - Corte di Cassazione, Sez. Pen. 3, Sent. n. 25455/2025", "url": "/documents/1399/_20250710_snpens30a2025n25455tS.clean.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the Corte di Cassazione. Misrepresented: Case Law | The Corte di appello invoked 'principi di legittimità' not actually affirmed by the Corte di Cassazione; Supreme Court found the lower court referred to legal principles that were not established by this Court. Outcome: Quashed and remanded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Di Rocco Isabelle - Corte di Cassazione，Sez。笔。 3、已发送。名词25455/2025", "description_zh": "法官出现在最高法院。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉法院援引了“合法原则”，但实际上并没有得到最高法院的确认；最高法院认为下级法院引用了本法院未确立的法律原则。结果：撤销并发回重审。", "court": "Corte di Cassazione", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Quashed and remanded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "Garante fines AI company Replika's developer $5.6 million", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10132048", "description": "VEDI ANCHE Provvedimento del 10 aprile 2025 Provvedimento del 22 giugno 2023 Comunicato stampa del 3 febbraio 2023 Provvedimento del 2 febbraio 2023", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 对人工智能公司 Replika 的开发者罚款 560 万美元", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护机构 (Garante) 对人工智能聊天机器人公司 Replika 的开发商处以 500 万欧元（564 万美元）的罚款，原因是其违反了旨在保护用户个人数据的规则。 Garante 于 2023 年 2 月发现违规行为，导致“Replika”应用程序被暂停。 Garante 发现，截至 2023 年 2 月 2 日，Replika 尚未建立处理操作的法律基础，并且尽管声称排除未成年人，但在注册和使用过程中缺乏验证用户年龄的机制。技术评估揭示了年龄验证系统持续存在的缺陷。因此，Garant 实施了制裁，并命令该公司使其运营符合监管要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "Italy Senate passes AI bill", "url": "https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/58262.htm", "description": "Primary source (senato.it) dated 20 March 2025 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利参议院通过人工智能法案", "description_zh": "意大利参议院通过了《人工智能（AI）条款和政府授权法案》。该法案 (1) 指定意大利数字局 (AgID) 和国家网络安全局 (ACN) 作为确保欧盟人工智能法案实施的国家机构； (2) 要求公共采购平台优先考虑在国家数据中心内处理和存储战略数据的人工智能供应商，确保灾难恢复、业务连续性以及高安全性和透明度标准； (3) 规定公共部门使用的人工智能系统（军事行动期间部署在国外的除外）必须在位于意大利境内的服务器上运行，以保护公民的敏感数据； （4）修改第633号法，规定版权保护仅适用于人类智力作品，并且使用人工智能工具生成的作品仅在代表作者智力成果时才受到保护； (5) 明确允许复制和提取在线或数据库中可用的作品或材料，前提是有合法访问权限，以便通过人工智能模型（包括生成系统）进行文本和数据挖掘。目前该法案已提交众议院审议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "A v. B", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/254/A_v._B_Florence_March_13_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Florence. Fabricated: Case Law | La comparsa di costituzione della reclamata citava sentenze della Cassazione inesistenti sul profilo soggettivo dell'acquisto/vendita di merce contraffatta; eccepite dal reclamante e riconosciute dal Tribunale come risultati di 'allucinazioni' di ChatGPT, con diniego però d... Outcome: No financial sanction; Formal Judicial Reprimand; Findings of procedural misuse.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "A诉B", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗伦萨的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法| La comparsa di costituzione della reclamata citava Sentenze della Cassazione sul profilo soggettivo dell'acquisto/vendita di Merce contraffatta； Eccepite dal reclalamante 和 riconosciute dal Tribunale come risultati di 'allucinazioni' di ChatGPT, con diniego però d... 结果：没有经济制裁；正式司法谴责；程序滥用的调查结果。", "court": "Florence", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No financial sanction; Formal Judicial Reprimand; Findings of procedural misuse", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2025", "title": "UAE and Italy sign MoU on data centres and AI", "url": "https://www.wam.ae/en/article/bid42zd-uae-italy-sign-three-investment-memoranda", "description": "Primary source (am.ae): وكالة أنباء الإمارات.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿联酋和意大利签署数据中心和人工智能谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "阿联酋和意大利签署了一份重要的谅解备忘录（MoU），以加强数字基础设施，特别是数据中心和人工智能方面的合作和投资。此次合作将侧重于建立新的数据中心，包括容量目标高达2吉瓦的绿色设施，并探索创建“虚拟数据大使馆”以增强跨境数据弹性。 MGX、G42、Khazna 和 ENI 等两国的主要公司将在开发和运营这些数据中心方面发挥关键作用。该协议还强调吸引云服务提供商、扩展云服务以及通过各种教育举措提高人工智能和高性能计算方面的本地人才的技能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 January 2025", "title": "Garante blocks DeepSeek", "url": "https://garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10097450", "description": "Il Garante per la protezione dei dati personali ha disposto, in via d’urgenza e con effetto immediato, la limitazione del trattamento dei dati degli utenti italiani nei confronti di Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence e di Beijing DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence, le società cinesi che forniscono il servizio di chatbot DeepSeek.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 阻止 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护监管机构 (Garante) 已紧急下令禁止处理意大利用户与杭州 DeepSeek 人工智能和北京 DeepSeek 人工智能（这两家提供 DeepSeek 聊天机器人服务的中国公司）相关的数据。该区块是在今天收到的各公司的通信之后发布的，Garante 认为该通信的内容“完全不够”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Garante seeks information from DeepSeek on data protection", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10096856", "description": "IA: il Garante privacy chiede informazioni a DeepSeek Possibile rischio per i dati di milioni di persone in Italia", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 从 DeepSeek 寻求有关数据保护的信息", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护机构（Garante）宣布，正在向中国人工智能模型初创公司 DeepSeek 寻求答案，了解收集哪些个人数据、从哪些来源收集、出于什么目的、基于什么法律依据以及是否存储在中国。 DeepSeek 有 20 天的时间回复这些询问。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "G7 Digital & Tech Working Group finalises reporting framework for advanced AI systems", "url": "https://innovazione.gov.it/notizie/articoli/en/g7-digital-tech-working-group-finalizes-reporting-framework-for-advanced-ai-syste/", "description": "An essential step toward the global promotion, development, and ethical application of AI", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 数字与技术工作组最终确定了先进人工智能系统的报告框架", "description_zh": "意大利七国集团主席国宣布结束讨论并最终确定广岛进程《先进人工智能系统开发组织国际行为准则》的报告框架。与经合组织合作开发的报告框架 (1) 旨在提高开发先进人工智能系统的组织之间的透明度和问责制； (2) 促进风险缓解措施的可比性，并有助于识别和传播良好做法； (3) 包括一组结构化问题（基于广岛人工智能进程国际行为准则中的行动），以指导组织将其实践与行为准则保持一致。交互式在线界面将于 2025 年初推出，将使组织能够根据这些行动报告其实践和政策。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 December 2024", "title": "Italian DPA hands down EUR 15 million fine on OpenAI", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10085432", "description": "ChatGPT, il Garante privacy chiude l’istruttoria* OpenAI dovrà realizzare una campagna informativa di sei mesi e pagare una sanzione di 15 milioni di euro. *Il provvedimento n. 755 del 2 novembre 2024 è stato temporaneamente rimosso dal sito web del Garante per la protezione dei dati personali a seguito della sentenza del Tribunale di Roma n. 4153/2026, pubbl. il 18/03/2026, con la quale è stata accolta l’opposizione proposta avverso il provvedimento del Garante", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利 DPA 对 OpenAI 处以 1500 万欧元罚款", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局（DPA）发布裁决，明确指出 OpenAI 违反了《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）的多项规定，包括未报告数据泄露、为 AI 模型训练处理个人数据缺乏明确的法律依据、隐私政策不足、缺乏年龄验证机制、不遵守开展信息宣传活动的命令以及生成不准确的数据。 DPA 处以 1500 万欧元的罚款，并命令 OpenAI 对意大利主要媒体开展为期六个月的信息宣传活动，以提高人们对与 ChatGPT 相关的数据保护问题的认识，特别关注用户反对数据处理和要求删除数据的权利。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Italian Competition Authority launches consultation on pricing algorithms in passenger air transport", "url": "https://www.agcm.it/dotcmsdoc/consultazioni/IC56_Rapporto_preliminare.pdf", "description": "Primary source (agcm.it) dated 2 December 2024 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利竞争管理局启动客运航空运输定价算法咨询", "description_zh": "意大利竞争管理局已就该报告展开咨询，该报告涉及其对往返西西里岛和撒丁岛的国家航线客运航空运输中定价算法使用情况的调查，直至 2024 年 1 月 15 日。调查发现：(1) 所有接受检查的航空公司在其收入管理系统中均使用动态定价技术； (2) 这些系统主要依赖于“传统”方法，例如静态定价矩阵或网格，并具有管理价格调整的预定义规则； （三）航空公司实施收益管理的方式不同，导致系统功能、算法、输入、人工调整等方面存在差异； (4) 根据设备类型、浏览历史记录或位置进行客户分析或个性化定价的证据有限； (5) 机票定价和辅助服务缺乏透明度，导致消费者难以比较不同航空公司或服务的价格。磋商将于 2024 年 1 月 15 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "Italian Garante issues interim ruling on GEDI Gruppo x OpenAI deal", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10077129", "description": "NELLA riunione odierna, alla quale hanno preso parte il prof. Pasquale Stanzione, presidente, il dott. Agostino Ghiglia e l’avv. Guido Scorza, componenti, e il cons. Fabio Mattei, segretario generale;", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利 Garante 对 GEDI Gruppo x OpenAI 交易发布临时裁决", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (Garante) 已就 GEDI GruppoEditoreSpA 及其子公司与 OpenAI 的协议发布了临时裁决。该协议涉及共享编辑内容，包括个人数据，以进行人工智能培训和服务改进。 Garante 发现了潜在的违反 GDPR 的行为，特别是涉及处理敏感数据的法律依据、透明度不足、保护个人权利的机制无效以及缺乏数据保护影响评估。该命令要求 GEDI 解决这些问题以确保合规性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Italy DPA monitors OpenAI's agreements with publishers", "url": "https://www.gpdp.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10057722", "description": "Il Garante per la protezione dei dati personali segue con attenzione gli accordi che - secondo notizie di stampa - RCS MediaGroup e GEDI Gruppo Editoriale avrebbero siglato con OpenAI, azienda che realizza ChatGPT, e si riserva di valutare l’adozione di più specifiche iniziative.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利 DPA 监控 OpenAI 与出版商的协议", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (Garante) 发表声明称，正在密切关注 OpenAI 与主要出版公司 RCS MediaGroup 和 GEDI GruppoEditoriale 签署的协议。 Garante 表示，它保留评估协议各方可能采取的更具体举措的权利。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 June 2024", "title": "Consumer organisations file privacy complaint to Italian Garante over Linkedin's use of user data for AI training", "url": "https://www.altroconsumo.it//-/media/altroconsumo/pdf/reclamo_it_nd.pdf?rev=1cea71d7-c385-44a7-8ada-74c0be0bbc2a&hash=13E6C7597A050D940303F7937443DA33e=1723680000&v=beta&t=CQ8KBNAXPR4ifq6nR9xeLudv7nYvnFF98H3Y_PzlvzE", "description": "Primary source (altroconsumo.it) dated 21 June 2024 in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者组织就 Linkedin 使用用户数据进行人工智能培训向意大利 Garante 提出隐私投诉", "description_zh": "消费者组织 Euroconsumers 和 Altroconsumo 已向意大利数据保护机构 (Garante) 提出联合投诉，指控 Linkedin 使用用户数据训练人工智能模型的行为违反了 GDPR。投诉要求 Garante (1) 向 Linkedin 发出有关 GDPR 违规行为的警告，(2) 命令 Linkedin 停止处理用于人工智能培训的个人数据，以及 (3) 命令 Linkedin 遵守用户反对处理其个人数据的权利。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Seoul Declaration for Safe, Innovative and Inclusive AI signed", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/global-leaders-agree-to-launch-first-international-network-of-ai-safety-institutes-to-boost-understanding-of-ai", "description": "Nations commit to work together to launch international network to accelerate the advancement of the science of AI safety.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "签署安全、创新和包容人工智能首尔宣言", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、德国、意大利、日本、韩国、新加坡、美利坚合众国和英国签署了《首尔宣言》，该宣言 (1) 旨在促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能发展，(2) 应对全球挑战和保护人权，(3) 承诺各国建立人工智能安全机构并在人工智能安全科学方面开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 April 2024", "title": "Digital Italy Agency and the National Cybersecurity Agency to supervise AI regulation in Italy", "url": "https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/comunicato-stampa-del-consiglio-dei-ministri-n-78/25501", "description": "Il Consiglio dei ministri si è riunito martedì 23 aprile 2024, alle ore 17.47, a Palazzo Chigi, sotto la presidenza del Presidente Giorgia Meloni. Segretario, il Sottosegretario alla Presidenza del Consiglio Alfredo Mantovano. ٠٠٠٠٠", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利数字局和国家网络安全局将监督意大利的人工智能监管", "description_zh": "意大利内阁通过了一项法案草案，其中（1）指定数字意大利局和国家网络安全局作为主管机构，以确保欧盟人工智能法案的适用和实施； (2) 拨款 10 亿欧元支持人工智能项目和初创企业； (3) 包括与电子健康记录、人工智能在就业中的使用以及人工智能在公共管理和司法活动中的使用相关的措施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 March 2024", "title": "Garante issues guidance to protect personal data from web scraping", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/10019984", "description": "Intelligenza artificiale: dal Garante privacy le indicazioni per difendere i dati personali dal web scraping", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 发布保护个人数据免遭网络抓取的指南", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (Garante) 发布了关于如何保护作为数据控制者的公共和私人实体在线发布的个人数据免遭网络抓取的指南，即第三方为了训练生成人工智能模型而在互联网上不加区别地收集个人数据。在指导文件中，Garant建议采取一些具体措施：（1）创建保留区域，只有注册后才能访问，以消除向公众提供的数据； （二）网站服务条款中包含反抓取条款； （三）对网页流量进行监控，以识别出入数据的异常流量； (4) 针对机器人实施具体措施，其中包括使用负责网络抓取的同一家公司提供的技术解决方案（例如干预 robots.txt 文件）。这些措施不是强制性的，数据控制者应根据问责原则评估是否实施这些措施，以有选择性地预防或减轻网络抓取的影响，同时考虑到最新技术发展和实施成本等一系列因素，特别是对中小企业而言。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 March 2024", "title": "Garante investigates OpenAI's AI model Sora", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9991867", "description": "Intelligenza artificiale, il Garante privacy avvia istruttoria su “Sora” di OpenAI Chieste alla società informazioni su algoritmo che crea brevi video da poche righe di testo", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 调查 OpenAI 的 AI 模型 Sora", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局 (Garante) 宣布正在对 OpenAI 的文本转视频模型 Sora 展开调查。 Garante 要求提供以下信息：(1) 该模型在意大利和更广泛的欧盟范围内发布时对数据处理的影响； (2) 算法训练以及训练过程中收集和使用的数据类型； (3) 使用的数据是否符合个人数据的资格以及是否包含敏感的个人数据。 OpenAI 已被给予 20 天的时间来回应 Garante 的请求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2024", "title": "Garante notifies breaches of privacy law to OpenAI", "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9978020", "description": "ChatGPT: Garante privacy, notificato a OpenAI l’atto di contestazione per le violazioni alla normativa privacy", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 向 OpenAI 通报违反隐私法的行为", "description_zh": "Garante 告诉 OpenAI，其应用程序 ChatGPT 违反了数据保护规则，并将继续去年开始的调查。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 January 2024", "title": "Garante fines first city for privacy breaches in use of AI", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/society-equity/italy-fines-first-city-privacy-breaches-use-ai-2024-01-26/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 26 January 2024) regarding AI policy activity in IT. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加兰特因使用人工智能侵犯隐私而对第一座城市罚款", "description_zh": "Garante 对北部城市特伦托处以 5 万欧元的罚款，原因是其在街道监控项目中使用人工智能的方式违反了数据保护规则。特伦托是意大利第一个因使用人工智能工具数据而受到制裁的地方政府。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "Garante looks into online data gathering to train AI", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/italys-privacy-regulator-looks-into-online-data-gathering-train-ai-2023-11-22/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 23 November 2023) regarding AI policy activity in IT. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Garante 研究在线数据收集来训练人工智能", "description_zh": "Garante 已经启动了一项针对训练人工智能算法的数据抓取实践的事实调查。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "19 November 2023", "title": "France, Germany, Italy push for 'mandatory self-regulation' for foundation models in EU's AI law", "url": "", "description": "News report (euractiv.com, 19 November 2023) regarding AI policy activity in IT. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国、德国、意大利推动欧盟人工智能法中基础模型的“强制性自我监管”", "description_zh": "欧盟三个最大的国家正在推动制定行为准则，但没有针对基础模型的初步制裁制度，而不是人工智能规则手册中的规定义务。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Provisions and delegation to the Government on artificial intelligence (Senate Act No. 1146)", "url": "https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/58262.htm", "description": "Primary source (senato.it) dated DRAFT in IT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Intellectual Property", "Defense & Security", "Energy & Environment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于人工智能的规定和政府授权（参议院法案第 1146 号）", "description_zh": "该法案提出了意大利的人工智能政策，作为欧盟人工智能法案的补充。该法案的要点包括：（1）医疗保健领域的人工智能：改善国家卫生系统，支持疾病预防、诊断和治疗； (2) 工作场所人工智能：改善工作条件、保护工人诚信、提高生产力； （3）版权保护：明确人工智能生成作品以及文本和数据挖掘的规则； （4）投资：在人工智能、网络安全、量子计算和电信领域引入10亿欧元； (5) 内容共享：规范视听和广播服务中人工智能操纵的内容。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 202", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "R.G. n. 1244/2025", "url": "/documents/1598/Siracusa.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed a quoted maxim to Cass. civ., sez. III, 11 aprile 2006, n. 8379 which the Tribunal determined is not present in the authentic ruling; opposing party produced the true text. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel quoted a purported textual passage attributed to Cass. civ., sez. III, 4 febbraio 2000, n. 1216 that the court found does not appear in that decision; opposing party produced the authentic text disproving the quote. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel cited a purported passage on litisconsorzio as from Cass. civ., sez. I, 3 ottobre 2003, n. 14795; the court found the quoted passage does not correspond to that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel quoted a passage on creditor's free choice attributed to Cass. civ., sez. III, 5 marzo 2004, n. 4553 which the Tribunal verified is not contained in that ruling.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "R.G.名词1244/2025", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|律师将引用的格言归咎于卡斯。公民特区III，2006 年 4 月 11 日，n。仲裁庭确定的第 8379 号内容不存在于真实裁决中；对方提供了真实的文本。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了卡斯所声称的一段文字。公民特区III，2000 年 2 月 4 日，n。第1216章 法院认为没有出现在该决定中；对方出示了反驳引用的真实文本。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了 Cass 声称的有关 litisconsorzio 的段落。公民特区I，2003 年 3 月，n。 14795;法院认为所引用的段落与该决定不符。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了卡斯关于债权人自由选择的一段话。公民特区III，2004 年 3 月 5 日，n。法庭核实的第 4553 条内容并未包含在该裁决中。", "court": "T. Siracusa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2000 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "N. 4203/2025 R.G.", "url": "/documents/1820/Sentenza_IA_Verona_02-2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | The introductory pleading included an extraneous chatbot prompt indicating generative-AI drafting; court relied on this text to find insufficiently controlled AI use and imposed aggravated procedural sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "N. 4203/2025 R.G.", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|介绍性诉状包括一个无关的聊天机器人提示，表明生成人工智能起草；法院依据该文本认定人工智能的使用未得到充分控制，并施加了更严厉的程序制裁。", "court": "TO Verona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1800 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "Ric. n. 3054/2025", "url": "/documents/917/ia-TAR-MILANO.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti a pronunce giudiziarie non pertinenti o non note; il Collegio segnala che molte massime e richiami risultavano apparentemente inventati dagli strumenti di IA.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞克.名词3054/2025", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Il ricorso riportava numerosi riferimenti 发音为 giudiziarie non pertinenti or non note；学院的学生们和里奇亚米显然都发明了 IA 工具。", "court": "TAR Lombardia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs of 1,500 EUR, referral to the bar", "monetary_penalty": "1500 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "R.G.L. n. 1018/2025", "url": "/documents/813/AI_Allucination_-_Turin_Court_n._1018-2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "R.G.L.名词1018/2025", "court": "Tribunale di Torino", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 EUR", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Di Rocco Isabelle - Corte di Cassazione, Sez. Pen. 3, Sent. n. 25455/2025", "url": "/documents/1399/_20250710_snpens30a2025n25455tS.clean.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | The Corte di appello invoked 'principi di legittimità' not actually affirmed by the Corte di Cassazione; Supreme Court found the lower court referred to legal principles that were not established by this Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | The Corte di appello cited sentences of this Court with incorrect case numbers ('sentenze ... inesatte nel numero riportato'); the defence could not locate the cited pronouncements despite searches.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Di Rocco Isabelle - Corte di Cassazione，Sez。笔。 3、已发送。名词25455/2025", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|上诉法院援引了“合法原则”，但实际上并没有得到最高法院的确认；最高法院认为下级法院引用了本法院未确立的法律原则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉法院引用了本法院的判决，但案件编号不正确（“sentenze ... inesatte nel numero riportato”）；尽管进行了搜查，辩方仍无法找到所引用的声明。", "court": "Corte di Cassazione", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Quashed and remanded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "R.G. n. 1244/2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1598/Siracusa.pdf", "date": "20 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "N. 4203/2025 R.G.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1820/Sentenza_IA_Verona_02-2026.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ric. n. 3054/2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/917/ia-TAR-MILANO.pdf", "date": "14 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "R.G.L. n. 1018/2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/813/AI_Allucination_-_Turin_Court_n._1018-2025.pdf", "date": "16 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Di Rocco Isabelle - Corte di Cassazione, Sez. Pen. 3, Sent. n. 25455/2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1399/_20250710_snpens30a2025n25455tS.clean.pdf", "date": "10 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 172, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "380" }, { "id": "JM", "title": "Jamaica", "entries": [ { "date": "18 February 2024", "title": "Deepfake Regulation Considered Under Jamaican Cybercrimes Act", "url": "https://www.cryptopolitan.com/deepfake-under-jamaica-cybercrimes-act/", "description": "As Jamaican lawmakers contemplate the regulation of artificial intelligence-generated content, particularly concerning the creation of deepfakes, Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions Andrea Martin-Swaby suggests potential relief within the Cybercrimes Act.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "牙买加网络犯罪法考虑对 Deepfake 进行监管", "description_zh": "牙买加的深度造假受害者可以根据《网络犯罪法》寻求救济。牙买加议员呼吁对人工智能生成的内容进行平衡监管。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "388" }, { "id": "SA", "title": "Saudi Arabia", "entries": [ { "title": "عام / مركز \"ICAIRE\" يشارك في جلسة تشاورية رفيعة المستوى ضمن الحوار العالمي لحوكمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في باريس", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/N2564313", "description": "باريس 01 ذو القعدة 1447 هـ الموافق 18 أبريل 2026 م واس شارك المركز الدولي لأبحاث وأخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي (ICAIRE) في الجلسة التشاورية للحوار العالمي لحوكمة الذكاء الاصطناعي (Global Dialogue on AI Governance)، التي نظمتها منظمة الأمم المتحدة للتربية والعلم والثقافة (اليونسكو)، وعُقدت في مقر المنظمة بالعاصمة الفرنسية باريس، بمشاركة رفيعة المستوى من صُنّاع القرار والخبراء الدوليين، وذلك في إطار الجهود الدولية الرامية إلى تعزيز حوكمة تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SDAIA, World Bank Discuss Future of AI Governance in Washington with Global Participation", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2554197", "description": "Washington, April 06, 2026, SPA -- The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), in cooperation with the World Bank, launched today an international workshop titled “Towards the Future: AI Governance and International Cooperation,” ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SDAIA and World Bank Group Advance AI Governance Through Five-Day Workshop in Washington", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2557263", "description": "Washington, April 11, 2026, SPA -- A high-level international workshop on AI governance and international cooperation concluded in Washington. The event, organized by the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) in collaboration with the World Bank ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SDAIA Invites Public, Entities to Share Views on Responsible AI Policy Draft", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2551533", "description": "Riyadh, April 02, 2026, SPA -- The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) called on the public and government, private, and non-profit entities to submit their views on a draft responsible artificial intelligence policy through the unified electronic platform for public and government consultations, Istitlaa Platform, in a step aimed at involving various stakeholders in developing regulatory frameworks for AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SDAIA Showcases Saudi Arabia’s AI Governance Model at UN Session in Geneva", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2570498", "description": "Geneva, April 24, 2026, SPA -- The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) participated in the 29th session of the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development, held in Geneva from April 20 to 24. Under the theme "Science, Technology, and Innovation in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SDAIA Joins Global Privacy Assembly to Boost International Data Protection Efforts", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2557077", "description": "Riyadh, April 10, 2026, SPA -- The Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) has joined the Global Privacy Assembly (GPA), marking a significant step in the Kingdom’s commitment to international personal data protection standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National eLearning Center Announces AI Framework in Digital Learning | National eLearning Center", "url": "https://nelc.gov.sa/en/media-center/news/national-elearning-center-announces-ai-framework-digital-learning", "description": "The National eLearning Center (NeLC) participated on Tuesday January 27, 2026, in a panel at the third edition of the Global Lab", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-16", "title": "US-Saudi Memorandum of Understanding on Cybersecurity Cooperation", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/news?item=226", "description": "On 16 July 2022, the Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) and the US Department of Homeland Security signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cybersecurity cooperation. According to the NCA's press release, the MoU is intended to strengthen cooperation on security issues by sharing cyber threat information, best practices and experience.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-14", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Amendments to Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://laws.boe.gov.sa/BoeLaws/Laws/LawDetails/b7cfae89-828e-4994-b167-adaa00e37188/1", "description": "On 14 September 2024, the Amended Personal Data Protection Law is implemented. The amendment foresees the choice of a competent Authority through a resolution of the Council of Ministers. The Authority will enforce data protection law through binding and non-binding measures, monitor compliance with the Law, cooperate with other national and international authorities and ascertain violations of the Law. The Authority may also certify that entities process data in accordance with the Law. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-03", "title": "Regulatory Framework for Licenses for Managed Cybersecurity Operations Center Services", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/legislation?item=1052&slug=frameworks-and-standard-list", "description": "On 10 March 2024, the Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) adopted the Regulatory Framework for Licensing Managed Security Operations Center (MSOC) Services. The Framework outlines a phased approach to the regulation of MSOCs by introducing a licence requirement. The Framework also sets out the obligations of MSOC service providers, including adhering to security, technical, and data processing requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-12", "title": "Data protection regulation in Telecommunications and Information Technology Law", "url": "https://ncar.gov.sa/document-details/eyJpdiI6IjZYZlFGRGU3YW4vd3hzalNQNXhKUnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3R3UTFGSU1icGROdmY2TkpLTk9Qdz09IiwibWFjIjoiNjgwNjVmNTY0OTBkNmUyZTA0ZjE2NWMxMzljYTY5OGI3MTE1NmQ5YWFlNzk4MzQwOGZkNzBiZjgyYmYwYzM3NSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9", "description": "On 7 December 2022, the Telecommunications and Information Technology Law was implemented. The law contains data protection provisions for service providers. Service providers are defined as any \"licensee, registrant, or permittee\" that provides services relating to telecommunication or IT. This definition includes content platforms as well. User data may not be externally shared unless consent has been requested. Service providers bear the legal responsibility to protect users' data and prev...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-14", "title": "Data protection regulation in Executive Regulations of the Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://uqn.gov.sa/details?p=23595", "description": "On 14 September 2024, the Implementing Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) became effective alongside the PDPL itself. The Implementing Regulation outlines the data subject rights, such as the right to be informed on the purpose of data collection and access, access, rectify, and delete personal data and withdraw consent. Furthermore, the regulation outlines the legal basis for personal data collection and processing and outlines the controllers' obligations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-02", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Cloud Cybersecurity Controls", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/legislation?item=192&slug=controls-list", "description": "On 3 February 2021, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) issued the latest update to the Cloud Cybersecurity Controls (CCC) as a continuation of the previously issued Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC). The CCC regulates cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service tenants (CSTs). Specifically, the CCC applies to CSTs that are public or private organisations inside or outside the Kingdom that own or operate Critical National Infrastructures (CNIs) that use cloud services. Theref...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Data Management and Personal Data Protection Standards", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/PoliciesEN.pdf", "description": "In January 2021, the National Data Management Office (NDMO) issued the \"Data Management and Personal Data Protection Standards\" under the Personal Data Protection Law. Initially, the NDMO outlined its guiding data principles such as ethical use of data, ensuring public data is open by default, and proactive protection of data. The regulations explain the general protection framework and its control structure. The NDMO outlines its management standards on the domains data quality, data operati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-31", "title": "Data protection regulation in implementing regulations of E-Commerce Law", "url": "https://mc.gov.sa/en/Regulations/Pages/details.aspx?lawId=691e2bec-f987-4856-b2bf-ab4b00c8c9b6&hw=e-commerce", "description": "On 31 January 2020, the Ministry of Commerce issued the implementing regulations of the E-Commerce Law, with implementation on the same day. The regulations apply to e-commerce platforms that are located within and outside the Kingdom that provide products/services to consumers within the Kingdom. E-commerce service providers may only store customer data for the time needed to process an electronic transaction unless explicit consent has been given for such action. During the period of the tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-18", "title": "Data Localisation Requirements in Saudi Arabia Implementing Regulations of the Income Tax Law", "url": "https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Documents/Regulations_of_Income_Tax.pdf", "description": "On 18 January 2021, Saudi Arabia adopted the Implementing Regulations of the Income Tax Law, requiring that taxpayers' books be kept in Saudi Arabia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-13", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Global Digital Content Safe Harbor Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Transportation/citc/GlobalDigital/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the Communications, Space & Technology Commission of Saudi Arabia (CST) closed its consultation on the law on Global Digital Content Safe Harbor. The law aims to establish a legal framework and requirements necessary for exemption from civil or criminal liability for intermediate service providers hosting and transiting global digital content. The draft defines an intermediary service as \"hosting, processing, storing, transferring, or transiting global digital content outs...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-20", "title": "Data and AI Authority Guide on Generative AI", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=248", "description": "On 20 December 2023, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) adopted a guide on generative artificial intelligence (AI). The guide provides a comprehensive review of generative AI, including its components, use cases, benefits, adoption methods, and impact on various digital applications and critical sector services. The guide also outlines the steps to develop a generative AI model and the basic pillars for adopting generative AI. This initiative is part of SDAIA's effor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-01", "title": "SDAIA Generative Artificial Intelligence Guidelines for Optimal Adoption in Government Entities", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=254", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) published the Generative Artificial Intelligence Guidelines for Optimal Adoption in Government Entities. The Guidelines outline the key principles regarding the use of generative AI in connection with government data and in critical decision-making processes. Further, the document outlines the importance of the role of data offices in overseeing both the ethical and legal aspects of the use of AI tools in government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in SDAIA Data Sovereignty Public Policy", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Transportation/NDMO/DataSovereigntyPolicy/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 9 April 2024, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) closed the public consultation on the Draft Data Sovereignty Public Policy. The Draft is divided into 4 principles. The first principle is data as a national asset, which aims to ensure data sovereignty by complying with local laws and regulations, enhancing transparency and access to public information, and promoting open data practices for economic growth. The second principle is data protection. In particular, it aims to protect data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-27", "title": "SDAIA rules for appointing personal data protection officer", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/RulesforAppointingPersonalDataProtectionOfficer.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2024, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) adopted and published the Rules for Appointing Personal Data Protection Officers (DPO). The Rules apply to all controllers covered by provisions of the Law and its Implementing Regulations and aim to set minimum requirements for appointing DPOs, including adequate qualifications in data protection, knowledge of risk knowledge and regulatory requirements, and ethical integrity. The Rules requires appointment of DPO...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "title": "SDAIA order approving Standard Contractual Clauses for Transfer of Personal Data", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/StandardContractualClausesForPersonalDataTransferEN.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2024, the Standard Contractual Clauses For Personal Data Transfer issued by the Saudi Arabia Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) entered into force. The standard contractual clauses are based on the Personal Data Protection Law, as amended, and the Regulation on the Transfer of Personal Data Outside the Kingdom. The standard contractual clauses aim to ensure an equivalent level of personal data protection when transferring data outside Saudi Arabia to countri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "SDAIA Deepfakes Guidelines", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/transportation/ndmo/deepfakesguidelines/Documents/SDAIA_Deepfakes%20Guidelines.pdf", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Saudi Data & AI Authority closes its public consultation on the Deepfakes Guidelines. The Guidelines address the implications of deepfake technologies and aim to mitigate their associated risks. The Guidelines provide an overview over of different kinds of malicious deepfakes, including imposter scams, non-consensual manipulation, and disinformation and propaganda. Further, the Guidelines contain guidance for technology developers, content creators, regulators, and con...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "National Cybersecurity Authority amendments to Basic Cybersecurity Controls", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Security/nca/ECC22024/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) closed its consultation on proposed amendments to the Basic Cybersecurity Controls. The amendments aim to update the minimum basic requirements for cybersecurity across all sectors, focusing on the core protection objectives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Specifically, the amendments outline security obligations across four domains: cybersecurity governance, cybersecurity defence, cybersecurity resilience, and cy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-04", "title": "Operational Technology Cybersecurity Controls (OTCC-1:2022)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en//regulatory-documents/controls-list/195/", "description": "In April 2022, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) of Saudi Arabia adopted the Operational Technology Cybersecurity Controls (OTCC-1:2022). The OTCC was developed as part of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 initiative and serves to establish cybersecurity standards for critical infrastructure. The OTCC apply to Industrial Control Systems in government organisations and private organisations operating Critical National Infrastructure. The OTCC is aligned with international cybersecurity stand...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-12", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Saudi Arabia Media Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/media/gcam/medialaw2023/Pages/default.aspx#", "description": "On 5 December 2023, the General Authority of Media Regulation (GAMR) closed its public consultation on the proposed Media Law, which includes provisions pertaining to content moderation. The stipulations outlined in this law are applicable to individuals engaged in media activities, media channels, digital content platforms, and their users. Additionally, the law pertains to individuals working in the media field within the Kingdom and related entities. The General Authority for Media Regulat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-11", "title": "SDAIA Generative AI in Education Guidelines", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/KnowledgeCenter/ResearchLibrary/GenAIE.pdf", "description": "In November 2023, the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) issued the Generative AI in Education Guidelines including information on how to improve the quality of the education system in relation to its use of generative AI. The Guidelines include examples of current AI tools and possible use cases.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "title": "SDAIA Generative Artificial Intelligence in Entertainment Guidelines", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/KnowledgeCenter/ResearchLibrary/GenerativeAIInEntertainment.pdf", "description": "In January 2024, the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) adopted the Generative Artificial Intelligence in Entertainment Guidelines. The Guidelines aim to provide a comprehensive guide to the ways in which generative AI can be harnessed in the entertainment sector, including outlining use areas, expected effects, and risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-29", "title": "Guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies based Medical Devices", "url": "https://beta.sfda.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2023-01/MDS-G010ML.pdf", "description": "On 29 November 2020, the Saudi Food & Drug Authority adopted the Guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies based Medical Devices. The Guidance sets out requirements for obtaining medical markets marketing authorisations for AI and ML technologies based medical devices which are required for their release on the market.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "Saudi Arabia-Uzbekistan Digital Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.sa/ar/news/%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the Ministers of Communications and Information Technology of Saudi Arabia and Uzbekistan signed a digital partnership agreement. The agreement aims to enhance bilateral cooperation in the fields of communications and modern technologies. It focuses on economic development through digital transformation, sharing knowledge and expertise in artificial intelligence, digital infrastructure, 5G and 6G technologies, cloud computing, data centers, and technical entrepreneurship....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Riyadh Declaration on Artificial Intelligence, Global Digital ID and Online Safety", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.sa/sites/default/files/2024-12/Riyadh%20Ai%20declaration%20E.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Riyadh Declaration on Artificial Intelligence, Global Digital ID and Online Safety was adopted. The declaration delineates a global framework for the utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI), digital identity (ID), and online safety. The declaration emphasises the role of AI in supporting the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), fostering innovation, and ensuring equitable access to digital opportunities. The declaration also addresses potential ri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-27", "title": "Data protection regulation in amendment to Implementing Regulation of Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Transportation/NDMO/IRofPDPLAmendments/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Saudi Arabian Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) closes its consultation for a proposed amendment to the Implementing Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). The amendments would revise controller obligations, modify definitions, and adjust procedural requirements. Changes would include the removal of the definitions for \"direct marketing\" and \"personal data breach\". Furthermore, the proposed amendments would introduce new requirements fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "National Cybersecurity Authority cybersecurity risk management framework", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/ar/news/1886/", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) released the National Cybersecurity Risk Management Framework. The framework applies to government bodies, government-affiliated entities, private sector organisations in critical infrastructure, and all other entities designated by the competent authority. It includes methods for identifying, assessing, and mitigating cyber risks while delineating responsibilities and procedures. The framework includes structured phases for risk ide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "title": "Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority Artificial Intelligence Index", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=354", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) launched the “National AI Index” to assess government readiness for adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The index is structured around three main pillars, seven core dimensions, and 23 subcategories to enable a comprehensive evaluation of institutional AI adoption maturity. It is designed to monitor progress, provide recommendations, and facilitate the alignment of government efforts with national pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-08", "title": "Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority inquiry into agentic AI", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/ar/MediaCenter/KnowledgeCenter/ResearchLibrary/Agentic_AI_090725.V.pdf", "description": "On 3 August 2025, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) released a report detailing the dimensions, technological developments, and applications of Agentic Artificial Intelligence (Agentic AI) at global and national levels. The report outlines its core capabilities, perception, reasoning, learning, action-taking, communication, and autonomous operation, and its integration in sectors including healthcare, education, and energy. The report examined the historical evoluti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-31", "title": "Communications, Space and Technology Commission solutions under Regulatory Technologies (RegTech) Project", "url": "https://gsr25.sa/pr007", "description": "On 31 August 2025, the Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST) announced the launch of five solutions under its Regulatory Technologies (RegTech) project at a side event held in conjunction with the Global Symposium for Regulators (GSR25). The first solution, RegTrust, is a blockchain and artificial intelligence platform designed to connect stakeholders, strengthen the reliability of public messaging channels, cut unwanted messages by up to 95%, and increase compliance to 98%. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "United States-Saudi Arabia strategic Artificial Intelligence partnership", "url": "https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/11/joint-statement-the-strategic-artificial-intelligence-partnership/", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the United States Department of State and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia signed the strategic Artificial Intelligence (AI) partnership. The partnership is a government-to-government framework to support advanced semiconductor supply, AI application development, cloud and AI infrastructure services, and high-value technology investments across sectors, including health, education, energy, mining, and transport. The partnership introduces com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-25", "title": "Data governance framework in General Rules for Secondary Use of Data", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/GeneralRulesForSecondaryUseOfData_EN.pdf", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) adopted the General Rules for Secondary Use of Data. They establish a data governance framework across government and private entities, defining scope, objectives, and mechanisms governing data-sharing requests, including controls for data classification levels and confidentiality of government data. The rules set out procedures for submitting, assessing, approving, or rejecting data-sharing requests through the Data Marketplace pla...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-25", "title": "Data protection regulation in General Rules for Secondary Use of Data", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/GeneralRulesForSecondaryUseOfData_EN.pdf", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) adopted the General Rules for Secondary Use of Data. They establish data protection regulations governing the secondary use of data for purposes other than those initially specified at the time of data collection. The general rules require compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law and its Implementing Regulations. They apply to data-sharing requests between government entities, from government entities to private entities for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Design requirement in Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/ResponsibleAIPolicy/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 3 May 2026, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) closes the consultation on the draft Responsible AI Policy. The draft policy applies to all government bodies, the private sector, the non-profit sector, and individuals who develop, use, or publish applications or solutions based on AI technologies within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The draft policy requires AI system developers to design systems with privacy, transparency, and safety through design. Developers must...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/ResponsibleAIPolicy/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 3 May 2026, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) closes the consultation on the draft Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy. The draft Policy applies to all government bodies, the private sector, the non-profit sector, and individuals who develop, use, or publish applications or solutions based on AI technologies in Saudi Arabia. The draft Policy would prohibit users and content creators from creating, circulating, publishing, or promoting misleading or false c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/ResponsibleAIPolicy/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 3 May 2026, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) closes the consultation on the draft Responsible Artificial Intelligence Policy including Artificial Intelligence authority governance. The draft Policy applies to all government bodies, the private sector, the non-profit sector, and individuals who develop, use, or publish applications or solutions based on AI technologies in Saudi Arabia. The draft Policy would designate SDAIA as the authority responsible for overse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 November 2022", "title": "Framework for Licensing Cybersecurity Compliance Assessment Services", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/security/nca/ccas/Documents/Regulatory%20Framework%20for%20Licensing%20Cybersecurity%20Compliance%20Assessment%20Services.pdf", "description": "On 20 November 2022, the public consultation on the “Regulatory Framework for Licensing Cybersecurity Compliance Assessment Services” (Framework) closed. The Framework was published for consultation by the Saudi Arabian National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) on 19 October 2022. The Framework introduces standards and a licensing system for providers of cybersecurity compliance assessment services in order to ensure the providers comply with cybersecurity regulations. Furthermore, the Framework...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全合规评估服务许可框架", "description_zh": "2022年11月20日，《网络安全合规评估服务许可监管框架》（框架）的公众咨询结束。该框架于 2022 年 10 月 19 日发布，供沙特阿拉伯国家网络安全局 (NCA) 咨询。该框架为网络安全合规评估服务提供商引入了标准和许可制度，以确保提供商遵守网络安全法规。此外，该框架..." }, { "date": "3 October 2023", "title": "National Policy for Managed Security Operations Centers (MSOC)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/legislation?item=1051&slug=frameworks-and-standard-list", "description": "On 10 March 2024, the Saudi National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) adopted the National Policy for Managed Security Operations Centers (MSOC). The National Policy aims to support and improve MSOC services and outlines technical standards regarding cybersecurity, in order to promote the wide availability of high-quality MSOC services. The National Policy stipulates the prior approval by the NCA for services related to the Security Operations Center, carry out such operations with a licensed MS...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托管安全运营中心 (MSOC) 国家政策", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 10 日，沙特国家网络安全局 (NCA) 通过了托管安全运营中心 (MSOC) 国家政策。该国家政策旨在支持和改进MSOC服务，并概述了有关网络安全的技术标准，以促进高质量MSOC服务的广泛可用性。国家政策规定，与安全运营中心相关的服务必须得到 NCA 的事先批准，并由获得许可的 MS 执行此类操作..." }, { "date": "2 September 2023", "title": "Framework on the Use of Secondary Data", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/secondaryuse/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 9 February 2023, the public consultation on the draft Framework on the Use of Secondary Data issued by the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAA) closed. The Framework outlines the principles that entities are required to follow in order to enter into an agreement for transmitting data. The principles include data quality, transparency, ethical use of data, purpose and accountability and anonymity. The SDAA also elaborates on specific data-sharing procedures, which inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "二手数据使用框架", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 9 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAA) 发布的二手数据使用框架草案的公众咨询结束。该框架概述了实体为了签订数据传输协议而必须遵循的原则。这些原则包括数据质量、透明度、数据的道德使用、目的和责任以及匿名。 SDAA 还详细阐述了具体的数据共享程序，其中包括……" }, { "date": "2 June 2023", "title": "Data and Privacy Regulatory Sandbox", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/transportation/ndmo/pdpl22/Documents/Personal%20Data%20Protection%20Law%20-%20SUGGESTED%20AMENDMENTS.pdf", "description": "On 6 February 2023, the Saudi Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence launched the Data and Privacy Regulatory Sandbox. Under the launched Regulatory Sandbox, entities will be able to test their products, services, technologies or business model in a time-bound, live, and controlled environment and will receive guidance and support from the regulator regarding conformity with the data protection obligations. Applicants must be Micro, Small or Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) part of the AdTe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据和隐私监管沙箱", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 6 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局启动了数据和隐私监管沙盒。在推出的监管沙盒下，实体将能够在有时限、实时和受控的环境中测试其产品、服务、技术或商业模式，并将获得监管机构关于遵守数据保护义务的指导和支持。申请人必须是 AdTe 中的微型、小型或中型企业 (MSME)..." }, { "date": "23 July 2022", "title": "GAAM and CITC investigation into YouTube advertisements", "url": "https://www.gcam.gov.sa/news/166", "description": "On 23 July 2022, the General Authority for Audiovisual Media (GAAM) and the Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) issued a removal order to YouTube for showing advertisements that violate the audiovisual media system and its regulations by displaying content that is in direct contradiction with the Kingdom's Islamic and societal values and morals. To that effect, the media content controls are violated as well as the domestic YouTube policy. The GAAM and CITC will monito...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GAAM 和 CITC 对 YouTube 广告进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 23 日，视听媒体总局 (GAAM) 和通信和信息技术委员会 (CITC) 向 YouTube 发出删除令，理由是 YouTube 展示的广告违反了视听媒体系统及其规定，展示的内容与沙特王国的伊斯兰和社会价值观和道德直接矛盾。因此，违反了媒体内容控制以及国内 YouTube 政策。 GAAM 和 CITC 将监测..." }, { "date": "14 September 2024", "title": "Regulations for transferring personal data outside the geographical borders of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "url": "https://uqn.gov.sa/details?p=23597", "description": "On 14 September 2024, the regulations on the transfer of personal data outside the geographical borders of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) entered into force alongside the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). Under the regulations, the transfer of personal data is allowed if it does not prejudice the Kingdom's national security and respects the rights of the data subjects. The regulations specify that the transfers will be allowed based on an adequacy decision and international treaties and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在沙特阿拉伯王国地理边界之外传输个人数据的规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 14 日，关于在沙特阿拉伯王国 (KSA) 地理边界之外传输个人数据的法规与《个人数据保护法》(PDPL) 一起生效。根据规定，在不损害王国国家安全并尊重数据主体权利的情况下，允许转移个人数据。该法规规定，将根据充分性决定和国际条约以及......" }, { "date": "2 March 2021", "title": "Operational licensing requirement in Cloud Cybersecurity Controls", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/legislation?item=192&slug=controls-list", "description": "On 3 February 2021, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) issued the latest update to the Cloud Cybersecurity Controls (CCC) as a continuation of the previously issued Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC). The CCC regulates cloud service providers (CSPs) and cloud service tenants (CSTs). CSTs may only contract with licensed cloud service providers. Additionally, any telecommunication infrastructure may only be used from telecommunication operators that are licensed in the Kingdom.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "云网络安全控制中的操作许可要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 3 日，国家网络安全局 (NCA) 发布了云网络安全控制 (CCC) 的最新更新，作为之前发布的基本网络安全控制 (ECC) 的延续。 CCC 监管云服务提供商 (CSP) 和云服务租户 (CST)。 CST 只能与获得许可的云服务提供商签订合同。此外，任何电信基础设施只能由在王国获得许可的电信运营商使用。" }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Organisation's Social Media Accounts Cybersecurity Controls", "url": "https://www.nca.gov.sa/en/legislation?item=190&slug=controls-list", "description": "In 2021, the Organisation's Social Media Accounts Cybersecurity Controls (OSMACC) was issued by the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA). The OSMACC applies to private companies that use social made accounts and own, operate or host \"sensitive national infrastructure\". OSMACC is an extension of the previously issued Essential Cybersecurity Controls (ECC), which means that any organisation that works on \"sensitive national infrastructure\" that is subject to OSMACC is subject to the ECC as we...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "组织的社交媒体帐户网络安全控制", "description_zh": "2021 年，国家网络安全局 (NCA) 发布了本组织的社交媒体帐户网络安全控制措施 (OSMACC)。 OSMACC 适用于使用社交帐户并拥有、运营或托管“敏感国家基础设施”的私营公司。 OSMACC 是之前发布的基本网络安全控制措施 (ECC) 的延伸，这意味着任何从事受 OSMACC 约束的“敏感国家基础设施”的组织都受 ECC 约束，因为我们..." }, { "date": "5 May 2020", "title": "Data protection regulation in National Data Governance Policies", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/Policies005.pdf", "description": "On 5 May 2020, the National Data Management Office issued its National Data Governance Policy that includes provisions for minor and \"incompetents'\" data protection and freedom of information. Regarding minor and incompetents' data (referred to as minor data from now), controllers are tasked with evaluating the effects of certain data processing activities on minors. This helps them calculate the acceptable risk level. Data controllers will inform guardians of any indirectly collected minor d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据治理政策中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2020 年 5 月 5 日，国家数据管理办公室发布了《国家数据治理政策》，其中包括未成年人和“无能力者”数据保护和信息自由的规定。对于未成年人和无行为能力者的数据（以下简称未成年人数据），控制者的任务是评估某些数据处理活动对未成年人的影响。这有助于他们计算可接受的风险水平。数据控制者将通知监护人任何间接收集的未成年人数据..." }, { "date": "24 March 2024", "title": "NCA Cybersecurity Guidelines for Internet of Things", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/news?item=1060", "description": "On 24 March 2024, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCA) of Saudi Arabia adopted the Internet of Things Cyber Security Guidelines. The guideline aims to ensure the compliance of entities utilising Internet of Things (IoT) technology across the Kingdom, including government agencies, private sector entities with sensitive infrastructure, and manufacturers of IoT technologies, with cybersecurity regulations. The guidelines focus on four main components, cybersecurity governance, cybersec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCA 物联网网络安全指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 24 日，沙特阿拉伯国家网络安全局 (NCA) 通过了《物联网网络安全指南》。该指南旨在确保王国各地使用物联网（IoT）技术的实体（包括政府机构、拥有敏感基础设施的私营部门实体以及物联网技术制造商）遵守网络安全法规。该指南重点关注四个主要组成部分：网络安全治理、网络安全……" }, { "date": "12 March 2020", "title": "Data Localisation Requirements in Saudi Arabia Cloud Computing Regulatory Framework (CCRF)", "url": "https://www.cst.gov.sa/en/RulesandSystems/RegulatoryDocuments/Documents/CCRF_En.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2020, the Communication and Information Technology Commission (CITC) of Saudi Arabia implemented the third version of its Cloud Computing Regulatory Framework (CCRF). The updated Framework requires cloud service providers registered with the CITC and customers to ensure that Saudi Government Data is not transferred outside of KSA, for any purpose and in any form whatsoever, whether permanently or temporarily, unless such transfer is expressly permitted by other local laws or reg...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯云计算监管框架 (CCRF) 中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2020 年 12 月 3 日，沙特阿拉伯通信和信息技术委员会 (CITC) 实施了第三版云计算监管框架 (CCRF)。更新后的框架要求在 CITC 注册的云服务提供商和客户确保沙特政府数据不会出于任何目的、以任何形式永久或暂时转移到沙特阿拉伯境外，除非此类转移得到其他当地法律或法规的明确允许。" }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "Amendments to the regulations on transferring personal data outside the Kingdom", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/RegulationonPersonalDataEN.pdf", "description": "On 1 September 2024, the amendments to the Regulation on Personal Data Transfer outside the Kingdom issued by the Saudi Arabia Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) entered into force after its publication in the official Gazette. The Regulation includes updates to definitions, general provisions for transferring personal data, procedures for assessing the level of protection in countries or international organisations, requirements for conducting risk assessments before tran...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于向王国境外转移个人数据的规定的修正案", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 1 日，沙特阿拉伯数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布的《个人数据境外传输条例》修正案在官方公报上发布后生效。该法规包括对定义的更新、传输个人数据的一般规定、评估国家或国际组织保护水平的程序、传输前进行风险评估的要求……" }, { "date": "5 August 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Amended User Protection Regulations (Resolution 552/1445)", "url": "https://regulations.citc.gov.sa/ar/pages/public-decision.aspx#/publicDecisionDetails/1499", "description": "On 8 May 2024, the Saudi Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) Amended User Protection Regulations (Resolution 552/1445) entered into force. The updated regulations follow the \"Regulations for the Protection of the Rights of Users of ICT Services and Conditions for Providing Services\" as per CITC Resolution No. 423/1441. The regulations mandate greater transparency from service providers regarding their services, including clear information about terms of service, pricin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订后的《用户保护条例》中的数据保护规定（第 552/1445 号决议）", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 8 日，沙特通信和信息技术委员会 (CITC) 修订后的《用户保护条例》（第 552/1445 号决议）生效。更新后的规定遵循CITC第423/1441号决议《信息通信技术服务用户权利保护及提供服务条件的规定》。这些法规要求服务提供商提高其服务的透明度，包括有关服务条款、价格的明确信息……" }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "Update on National Data Sharing Policy", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/SharingPolicy/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 18 April 2024, Saudi Arabia's Data Protection Authority (SDAIA) closed the public consultation on the updated National Data Sharing Policy, including a framework for private and public entities to request data. The policy revision aims to enhance the culture of data sharing across governmental entities, streamline the exchange process, and address challenges to ensure data quality and modernity. According to the sharing policy, data sharing should be based on 8 principles, namely promoting...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据共享政策更新", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 18 日，沙特阿拉伯数据保护局 (SDAIA) 结束了关于更新后的国家数据共享政策的公众咨询，其中包括私营和公共实体请求数据的框架。此次政策修订旨在加强政府实体之间的数据共享文化，简化交换流程，并应对确保数据质量和现代化的挑战。根据共享政策，数据共享应遵循8项原则，即促进..." }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "National Program for Research, Development, and Innovation in Cybersecurity (RDI)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/news?item=1073", "description": "On 9 May 2024, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) of Saudi Arabia launched the National Program for Research, Development, and Innovation in Cybersecurity (RDI). The RDI aims to encourage research and development in key cybersecurity areas, such as cyber defence, cyber resilience, and AI. Its first phase includes three key initiatives: Cyber Research and Innovation Pioneer Grants, Cyber Industry Research Grants, and Cyber Innovation Bridges. It targets universities, research instituti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网络安全研究、开发和创新计划 (RDI)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 9 日，沙特阿拉伯国家网络安全局 (NCA) 启动了国家网络安全研究、开发和创新计划 (RDI)。 RDI 旨在鼓励网络防御、网络弹性和人工智能等关键网络安全领域的研究和开发。第一阶段包括三项关键举措：网络研究和创新先锋资助、网络行业研究资助和网络创新桥梁。它的目标对象是大学、研究机构..." }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "AI Center for Media (AICOM)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/ar/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=270", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the Saudi Minister of Media and the President of the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) announced the AI Center for Media (AICOM) at the Saudi Media Forum. AICOM's function is to monitor the impact of data and AI on media and support the media sector in its use of these technologies. The Minister and the President also announced the and the Generative AI in Media Bootcamp.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能媒体中心 (AICOM)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 16 日，沙特媒体部长和沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 主席在沙特媒体论坛上宣布成立媒体人工智能中心 (AICOM)。 AICOM的职能是监测数据和人工智能对媒体的影响，并支持媒体部门使用这些技术。部长和总统还宣布了媒体训练营中的生成人工智能。" }, { "date": "6 May 2024", "title": "Saudi Central Bank Participation in mBridge Project for CBDCs", "url": "https://www.sama.gov.sa/ar-sa/News/Pages/news-1029.aspx", "description": "On 5 June 2024, the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), in collaboration with the Bank for International Settlements and other central banks, announced its participation in the mBridge project. This initiative aims to test the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) for central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) specifically designed for financial institutions. The project aligns with the G20's roadmap, endorsed under Saudi Arabia's presidency in October 2020, to improve global cross-border payments by making them ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特中央银行参与 CBDC 的 mBridge 项目", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 5 日，沙特中央银行（SAMA）与国际清算银行和其他中央银行合作，宣布参与 mBridge 项目。该计划旨在测试专为金融机构设计的央行数字货币（CBDC）的最小可行产品（MVP）。该项目符合 2020 年 10 月沙特阿拉伯担任轮值主席国期间批准的 G20 路线图，旨在通过使全球跨境支付..." }, { "date": "31 January 2024", "title": "Non-Critical National Infrastructure Private Sector Organizations Cybersecurity Controls", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Security/nca/NCNICC/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Communications, Space & Technology Commission of Saudi Arabia (CST) closed its consultation on the draft Non-Critical National Infrastructure Private Sector Organizations Cybersecurity Controls. These Controls outline the minimum cybersecurity standards for organizations that are not considered Critical National Infrastructure (CNI). The CNI Cybersecurity Controls is organised into three domains of cybersecurity governance, cybersecurity defence, and third party cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非关键国家基础设施 私营部门组织 网络安全控制", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 31 日，沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会 (CST) 结束了关于非关键国家基础设施私营部门组织网络安全控制草案的磋商。这些控制措施概述了不被视为关键国家基础设施 (CNI) 的组织的最低网络安全标准。 CNI 网络安全控制分为网络安全治理、网络安全防御和第三方网络安全三个领域……" }, { "date": "13 September 2023", "title": "Amendment of the Executive Regulations of the Audiovisual Media System", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Media/GCAM/ImplementingRegulationsofAudiovisualLaw/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 13 September 2023, the Saudi Arabian General Authority of Media Regulation closed its consultation on the Amendment of the Executive Regulations of the Audiovisual Media System. The amendments establish further types of prohibited content, applying to both professional and non-professional media. According to the amendments, content must not glorify groups opposing the country. Additionally, the media must avoid false claims, harming children or women, or revealing confidential information.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "视听媒体制度实施条例修正案", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 13 日，沙特阿拉伯媒体监管总局结束了关于《视听媒体系统执行条例》修正案的磋商。该修正案规定了更多类型的禁止内容，适用于专业和非专业媒体。根据修正案，内容不得美化反国家团体。此外，媒体必须避免虚假声明、伤害儿童或妇女或泄露机密信息。" }, { "date": "8 July 2024", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Amended Communications and Information Technology System", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/Mcit/information/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 7 August 2024, the Communications and Technology Commission of Saudi Arabia (CITC) closes the public consultation on the Draft Amendment to the Communications and Information Technology System, including content moderation authority governance. The Amendment would remove the Communications, Space and Technology Commission's power to partly or fully block digital content platforms. Further, it would require the Commission to establish rules governing the reporting of violations, while empow...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订后的通信和信息技术系统中的内容审核机构治理", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 7 日，沙特阿拉伯通信和技术委员会 (CITC) 结束了关于通信和信息技术系统修正案草案的公众咨询，其中包括内容审核机构治理。该修正案将取消通信、空间和技术委员会部分或全部阻止数字内容平台的权力。此外，它将要求委员会制定管理违规行为报告的规则，同时授权......" }, { "date": "9 February 2024", "title": "SDAIA guide on preparation of binding common rules for transfer of personal data", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/CommonRulesBCRForPersonalDataTransferEN.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2024, the Guidelines for Binding Common Rules (BCR) for Personal Data Transfer issued by the Saudi Arabia Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) entered into force. The Guidelines clarify the obligations of entities transferring personal data outside Saudi Arabia to entities in countries or international organisations not recognised for providing an adequate level of personal data protection. The initiative is grounded in the Personal Data Protection Law, as ame...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 关于制定具有约束力的个人数据传输通用规则的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 2 日，沙特阿拉伯数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布的《个人数据传输约束通用规则 (BCR) 指南》生效。该指南明确了将个人数据转移到沙特阿拉伯境外的实体向未提供足够水平的个人数据保护的国家或国际组织的实体的义务。该倡议以《个人数据保护法》为基础，因为..." }, { "date": "28 August 2024", "title": "Elaboration and Developing of the Privacy Policy Guideline", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/PrivacyPolicyGuideline.pdf", "description": "On 28 August 2024, the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) adopted the Guideline on the Elaboration and Developing of the Privacy Policy for entities subject to the Personal Data Protection Law. The purpose of the Guideline is to support entities in formulating their privacy policies. Specifically, it lists the key elements of a privacy policy, including name, content of collected personal data, and data collection methods. The Guideline also provides a comprehensive template which can be used...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "隐私政策指南的制定和制定", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 28 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 通过了《关于为受个人数据保护法约束的实体制定和制定隐私政策的指南》。该指南的目的是支持实体制定隐私政策。具体来说，它列出了隐私政策的关键要素，包括名称、收集的个人数据的内容以及数据收集方式。 该指南还提供了一个综合模板，可用于..." }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "SDAIA Minimum Personal Data Determination Guideline", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/MinmumPDGuideline.pdf", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the Minimum Personal Data Determination Guideline issued by the Saudi Arabia Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) entered into force. The Guideline establishes that the minimum collection of personal data refers to the practice of collecting only the personal data that is strictly necessary and directly relevant to the purpose for which it is being collected. To this end, the Guideline requires controllers to conduct regular assessments to evaluate the per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 最低个人数据确定指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 30 日，沙特阿拉伯数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布的《最低个人数据确定指南》生效。 《指引》规定，最低限度收集个人数据是指仅收集绝对必要且与收集目的直接相关的个人数据。为此，《指南》要求控制者定期开展评估，评估..." }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "Guideline for Personal Data Disclosure Cases", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/PersonalDataDisclosureCasesGuideline.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) adopted guidelines aimed at assisting entities in understanding their obligations under the Personal Data Protection Law and its Implementing Regulations. These guidelines outline the permissible cases and restrictions for personal data disclosure, emphasising the need for consent, public interest, and the protection of individual privacy. The document serves as a non-binding reference to aid entities in compliance, encouraging best prac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人资料披露案件指引", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 1 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 通过了指导方针，旨在帮助实体了解《个人数据保护法》及其实施条例规定的义务。这些指南概述了个人数据披露的允许情况和限制，强调了同意、公共利益和保护个人隐私的必要性。该文件作为援助实体合规的非约束性参考，鼓励最佳实践..." }, { "date": "9 March 2024", "title": "SDAIA Personal Data Processing Activities Records Guideline", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/PersonalDataProcessingActivitiesRecordsGuideline.pdf", "description": "On 3 September 2024, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) published the Personal Data Processing Activities Records Guideline. In particular, the Guideline provides a framework for organisations to comply with the requirement to document personal data processing activities in compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law and its Implementing Regulations. It explains the legal obligations of data processors, including requirements for keeping records for five years, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 个人数据处理活动记录指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 3 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了《个人数据处理活动记录指南》。特别是，该指南为组织遵守个人数据保护法及其实施条例记录个人数据处理活动的要求提供了一个框架。它解释了数据处理者的法律义务，包括保存记录五年的要求，......" }, { "date": "9 March 2024", "title": "SDAIA Personal Data Destruction, Anonymisation, and Pseudonymisation Guideline", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/Documents/PersonalDataDestructionAnonymizationAndEncryptionGuideline.pdf", "description": "On 3 September 2024, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) published the Personal Data Destruction, Anonymisation, and Pseudonymisation Guideline. In particular, the Guideline provides a framework intended to help entities comply with the data destruction, anonymisation, and pseudonymisation requirements in the Saudi Personal Data Protection Law and its Implementing Regulations. The Guideline outlines procedures and best practices for data destruction, ensuring data is ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 个人数据销毁、匿名化和假名化指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 3 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了《个人数据销毁、匿名化和假名化指南》。特别是，该指南提供了一个框架，旨在帮助实体遵守《沙特个人数据保护法》及其实施条例中的数据销毁、匿名化和假名化要求。该指南概述了数据销毁的程序和最佳实践，确保数据......" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "SDAIA Personal Data Breach Incidents Procedural Guide", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/PersonalDataBreachIncidents.pdf", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) issued the personal data breach incidents procedural guide, clarifying obligations under the Personal Data Protection Law. The guide outlines that controllers must notify SDAIA within 72 hours of becoming aware of a breach, particularly if it affects the data subjects' rights or interests. The notification must include details such as the time of the breach, the type of personal data involved, and any risks posed to affected individu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 个人数据泄露事件程序指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 21 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了个人数据泄露事件程序指南，明确了《个人数据保护法》规定的义务。该指南概述了控制者必须在发现违规行为后 72 小时内通知 SDAIA，特别是当它影响数据主体的权利或利益时。通知必须包括违规时间、涉及的个人数据类型以及对受影响个人造成的任何风险等详细信息。" }, { "date": "11 January 2022", "title": "Data Cybersecurity Controls (DCC-1:2022)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/en/regulatory-documents/controls-list/317/", "description": "On 1 November 2022, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) of Saudi Arabia published the Data Cybersecurity Controls (DCC-1:2022). The DCC forms part of the NCA's mandate, as set out in Royal Decree number 57231, to guarantee the continuous compliance of organisations with the requisite cybersecurity measures. The DCC requires compliance from Saudi government and private organisation operating Critical National Infrastructure. This regulation provides a structured classification for data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据网络安全控制 (DCC-1:2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 1 日，沙特阿拉伯国家网络安全局 (NCA) 发布了数据网络安全控制措施 (DCC-1:2022)。根据第 57231 号皇家法令的规定，DCC 是 NCA 职责的一部分，旨在保证组织持续遵守必要的网络安全措施。 DCC 要求沙特政府和运营关键国家基础设施的私人组织遵守该规定。该法规为数据提供了结构化分类..." }, { "date": "15 September 2023", "title": "Regulation of the General Authority for Media Regulation (Council of Ministers Resolution No. 174)", "url": "https://laws.boe.gov.sa/BoeLaws/Laws/LawDetails/532f29b6-5422-4f5b-9df3-b08000b06864/1#", "description": "On 15 September 2023, the Regulation of the General Authority for Media Regulation (Resolution No. 174) entered into force with its publication in the official gazette. The regulation delineates the establishment, responsibilities, and governance of the General Authority for Media Regulation in Saudi Arabia. The responsibilities of the Authority include the oversight and development of the Kingdom's media sector, encompassing the formulation of policies, the monitoring of media content, and t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "媒体监管总局的规定（部长理事会第 174 号决议）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 15 日，《媒体监管总局条例》（第 174 号决议）生效并在官方公报上公布。该法规规定了沙特阿拉伯媒体监管总局的设立、职责和治理。该管理局的职责包括监督和发展王国媒体部门，包括制定政策、监督媒体内容以及..." }, { "date": "9 December 2024", "title": "SDAIA AI Adoption Framework", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Files/AIAdoptionFramework.pdf", "description": "On 12 September 2024, the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) published the AI Adoption Framework. The framework provides a strategic roadmap for the integration of artificial intelligence across a range of sectors in Saudi Arabia, including critical steps and best practices. It outlines a number of steps, such as defining priorities, establishing an AI unit, and assessing readiness. The objective of AI units is to align AI projects with the organisational goals of the company in question, to e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 人工智能采用框架", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 12 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了人工智能采用框架。该框架为沙特阿拉伯各个部门的人工智能整合提供了战略路线图，包括关键步骤和最佳实践。它概述了许多步骤，例如定义优先事项、建立人工智能部门和评估准备情况。人工智能部门的目标是将人工智能项目与相关公司的组织目标保持一致，以..." }, { "date": "10 October 2023", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Cloud Computing Services Provisioning Regulations", "url": "https://www.cst.gov.sa/en/RulesandSystems/RegulatoryDocuments/Pages/CCRF.aspx", "description": "On 10 October 2023, the Communications, Space & Technology Commission of Saudi Arabia (CST) implemented its Cloud Computing Services Provisioning Regulations. The regulations apply to cloud computing services provided in the Kingdom. The regulations set out a number of obligations, including a data localisation requirement, according to which registered cloud service providers and cloud computing subscribers may not transfer content of government agency data outside the Kingdom for any purpos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "云计算服务提供条例中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 10 日，沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会 (CST) 实施了云计算服务提供条例。该法规适用于在沙特提供的云计算服务。该法规规定了一系列义务，包括数据本地化要求，根据该要求，注册云服务提供商和云计算订户不得出于任何目的将政府机构数据内容传输到沙特境外。" }, { "date": "1 November 2025", "title": "SDAIA licensing rules for personal data processing, auditing, and certification issuance", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/NDMO/RulesLicensingofAuditsorChecks/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 11 January 2025, the Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) closes its consultation on a proposed regulatory framework to introduce licenses to conduct activities involving personal data processing, auditing, and certification issuance in Saudi Arabia. The framework specifies the requirements, procedures, and responsibilities for obtaining licenses to carry out these activities to ensure compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SDAIA 个人数据处理、审核和认证颁发许可规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 11 日，数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 结束了对拟议监管框架的咨询，该框架旨在引入许可证，以便在沙特阿拉伯开展涉及个人数据处理、审计和认证颁发的活动。该框架规定了获得开展这些活动的许可证的要求、程序和责任，以确保遵守《个人数据保护法》。" }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority risk assessment guideline for cross-border personal data transfers", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/RisksTransferringDataOutsideKingdomEn.pdf", "description": "In February 2025, the Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) published its \"Risk Assessment Guideline for Transferring Personal Data Outside the Kingdom\", providing a framework for entities to assess risks associated with disclosing personal data to foreign entities. The guideline outlines four phases: preparation, assessing negative impacts and potential risks of personal data processing, conducting a risk assessment for data transfer or disclosure, and identifying factors relate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据和人工智能管理局跨境个人数据传输风险评估指南", "description_zh": "2025年2月，数据和人工智能管理局（SDAIA）发布了《向境外转移个人数据的风险评估指南》，为实体评估与向外国实体披露个人数据相关的风险提供了框架。该指南概述了四个阶段：准备、评估个人数据处理的负面影响和潜在风险、对数据传输或披露进行风险评估以及识别相关因素……" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Global AI Hub Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/citc/globalailaw/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 14 May 2025, Saudi Arabia's Communications, Space, and Technology Commission (CST) closes the public consultation on the draft Global AI Hub Law. The draft law proposes a legislative framework intended to attract foreign investment in sovereign data centres and artificial intelligence (AI) services. It sets out three hosting regulation models, namely private, extended, and virtual centres, designed to accommodate foreign governments, international technology companies, and foreign investor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球人工智能中心法", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 14 日，沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会 (CST) 结束了全球人工智能中心法草案的公众咨询。该法律草案提出了一个立法框架，旨在吸引外国投资主权数据中心和人工智能（AI）服务。它提出了三种托管监管模式，即私人中心、扩展中心和虚拟中心，旨在适应外国政府、国际科技公司和外国投资者......" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "Business registration requirement for data controllers in amendment to Implementing Regulation of Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Transportation/NDMO/IRofPDPLAmendments/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Saudi Arabian Authority for Data and Artificial Intelligence (SDAIA) closes its consultation for a proposed amendment to the Implementing Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL). In particular, the amendment would require controllers to register in the National Register of Controllers through the Competent Authority’s platform if they met certain conditions, such as being a public entity, primarily engaging in Personal Data processing, transferring data outsi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《个人数据保护法实施条例》修正案对数据控制者的商业登记要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 27 日，沙特阿拉伯数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 结束了对《个人数据保护法实施条例》(PDPL) 拟议修正案的咨询。特别是，该修正案将要求控制者在满足某些条件的情况下，通过主管当局的平台在国家控制者登记册中注册，例如作为公共实体，主要从事个人数据处理、向境外传输数据……" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Saudi Data and AI Authority General Rules for Secondary Use of Data", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/Transportation/NDMO/secondaryuseRules/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "On 23 April 2025, the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) closes its consultation for the General Rules for Secondary Use of Data. The rules would establish a framework to regulate data-sharing between government and private entities for purposes such as research, development, innovation, and achieving public interest objectives, where the use of data differs from the original collection purpose. The rules would set definitions, introduce principles for responsible data use, privacy protectio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局数据二次使用的一般规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 23 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 结束了数据二次使用一般规则的磋商。这些规则将建立一个框架，规范政府和私营实体之间出于研究、开发、创新和实现公共利益目标等目的的数据共享，其中数据的使用与最初的收集目的不同。这些规则将设定定义，引入负责任的数据使用、隐私保护的原则......" }, { "date": "20 July 2025", "title": "Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority: technical sandbox for the national platform Tawakkalna", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=356", "description": "On 20 July 2025, the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) launched the technical sandbox for the national platform Tawakkalna and commenced accepting applications from the first group of private sector companies. The sandbox enables companies to test digital services with real users in a secure technical environment, facilitating integration between public and private entities under a flexible and regulated framework. The initiative supports the expansion of Tawakkalna’s f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局：国家平台 Tawakkalna 的技术沙箱", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 20 日，沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 启动了国家平台 Tawakkalna 的技术沙箱，并开始接受第一批私营企业的申请。沙箱使公司能够在安全的技术环境中与真实用户一起测试数字服务，从而促进公共和私人实体在灵活且受监管的框架下的集成。该倡议支持扩大 Tawakkalna 的业务..." }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Tahqaq link verification service", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/ar/news/2091/", "description": "On 29 December 2025, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) launched the Tahqaq service to enable individuals to verify the reliability of links before visiting them and to engage safely and proactively online. The NCA stated that the service allows the scanning of circulated links and helps reduce risks arising from suspicious links that may lead to unauthorised access to data. The Tahqaq service also provides cybersecurity guidance to users to reduce emerging cyber risks and strengthen ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Tahqaq链接验证服务", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 29 日，国家网络安全局 (NCA) 推出了 Tahqaq 服务，使个人能够在访问链接之前验证链接的可靠性，并安全、主动地进行在线互动。 NCA 表示，该服务允许扫描流通链接，有助于降低可疑链接带来的风险，这些链接可能导致未经授权的数据访问。 Tahqaq 服务还为用户提供网络安全指导，以减少新出现的网络风险并加强..." }, { "date": "28 December 2025", "title": "Non-CNI Private Sector Entities Cybersecurity Controls (NCNICC - 1:2025)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/ar/regulatory-documents/controls-list/ncnicc/", "description": "On 28 December 2025, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) adopted the Non-CNI Private Sector Entities Cybersecurity Controls (NCNICC – 1:2025). The controls apply to private sector entities that are not operators of critical national infrastructure and are used as a mandatory reference for cybersecurity compliance within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The document sets objectives, scope of work, applicability, implementation, compliance, and periodic update and review. It establishes mini...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "非 CNI 私营部门实体网络安全控制 (NCNICC - 1:2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 28 日，国家网络安全局 (NCA) 采用了非 CNI 私营部门实体网络安全控制措施 (NCNICC – 1:2025)。这些控制措施适用于非关键国家基础设施运营商的私营部门实体，并被用作沙特阿拉伯王国境内网络安全合规性的强制性参考。该文件规定了目标、工作范围、适用性、实施、合规性以及定期更新和审查。它建立了迷你..." }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "National Cryptographic Standards (NCS-2:2025)", "url": "https://nca.gov.sa/ar/news/2078/", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the National Cybersecurity Authority (NCA) closed the public consultation the updated National Cryptographic Standards (NCS-2:2025). The National Cryptographic Standards (NCS-2:2025) define minimum cryptographic requirements for components such as cryptographic primitives, cryptographic schemes, commonly used cryptographic protocols, public key infrastructure, and key lifecycle management, differentiating between moderate and advanced levels of encryption. The Standards s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家密码标准 (NCS-2:2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 25 日，国家网络安全局 (NCA) 结束了更新后的国家密码标准 (NCS-2:2025) 的公众咨询。国家加密标准 (NCS-2:2025) 定义了加密原语、加密方案、常用加密协议、公钥基础设施和密钥生命周期管理等组件的最低加密要求，区分了中等和高级加密级别。该标准是..." }, { "title": "Cloud Computing Regulatory Framework (CCRF) — Version 3 (Communication and Information Technology Commission)", "url": "https://www.cst.gov.sa/en/RulesandSystems/RegulatoryDocuments/Documents/CCRF_En.pdf", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Cloud Computing Regulatory Framework (CCRF) v3 was issued by the Saudi telecommunications regulator (formerly the Communications and Information Technology Commission — CITC, now the Communications, Space & Technology Commission — CST) and came into effect on 3 December 2020. CCRF v3 defined registration categories for cloud service providers (CSPs), introduced a two-tier subscriber data classification (Saudi Government Data and Non-Government Data) with sub-levels for government data, imposed data residency restrictions for certain government data, and set out obligations for incident reporting, telecom infrastructure use and cooperation with national cybersecurity authorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "云计算监管框架 (CCRF) — 第 3 版（通信和信息技术委员会）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：云计算监管框架 (CCRF) v3 由沙特电信监管机构（原通信和信息技术委员会 — CITC，现通信、空间和技术委员会 — CST）发布，并于 2020 年 12 月 3 日生效。CCRF v3 定义了云服务提供商 (CSP) 的注册类别，引入了两级用户数据分类（沙特政府数据和非政府数据），其中包括政府数据子级别、强制数据对某些政府数据的居住限制，并规定了事件报告、电信基础设施使用以及与国家网络安全机构合作的义务......" }, { "title": "AI Adoption Framework (SDAIA)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) published the AI Adoption Framework in September 2024 as a national, sector-agnostic roadmap to accelerate responsible AI adoption across public and private sectors. The Framework provides guidance on maturity assessment, institutional arrangements (AI offices), enablers (data, infrastructure, skills), ethics alignment and practical implementation steps aligned with prior SDAIA ethics and generative-AI guidance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能采用框架（SDAIA）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：沙特数据与人工智能法人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 于 2024 年 9 月发布了人工智能采用框架，作为一个与行业无关的国家路线图，以加速公共和私营部门负责任的人工智能采用。该框架提供了关于成熟度评估、制度安排（人工智能办公室）、推动因素（数据、基础设施、技能）、道德一致性和与先前的 SDAIA 道德和生成人工智能指南一致的实际实施步骤的指导......" }, { "title": "Deepfakes Guidelines (SDAIA)", "url": "https://eparticipation.my.gov.sa/en/e-consultations/consultations/legal/legal-consultation-47614/", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) issued the Deepfakes Guidelines (Version 1.0) to provide non-binding but practical guidance for developers, platforms, content creators and public-sector entities on the responsible creation, labelling, mitigation and remediation of synthetic media (deepfakes). The Guidelines emphasise transparency, consent, privacy protection, accountability and risk-management measures including watermarking, traceability, consent forms and consumer awareness....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Deepfakes 指南 (SDAIA)", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：沙特数据与人工智能法人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了 Deepfakes 指南（1.0 版），为开发者、平台、内容创作者和公共部门实体提供关于合成媒体（deepfakes）负责任的创建、标签、缓解和修复的非约束性但实用的指导。该准则强调透明度、同意、隐私保护、问责制和风险管理措施，包括水印、可追溯性、同意书和消费者意识……" }, { "title": "National Strategy for Data & Artificial Intelligence (NSDAI)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/SdaiaStrategies/Pages/NationalStrategyForDataAndAI.aspx", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The National Strategy for Data & Artificial Intelligence (NSDAI), published in October 2020 and led by the Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), sets a national roadmap to position Saudi Arabia as a global hub for data and AI by 2030. It defines strategic pillars (Ambition, Skills, Policy & Regulation, Investment, Research & Innovation, and Ecosystem) and targets for workforce development, startup growth, investment attraction and open-data leadership....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据与战略人工智能（NSDAI）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：国家数据和人工智能战略人工智能 (NSDAI)，于 2020 年 10 月发布，由沙特数据与研究中心牵头。人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 制定了国家路线图，旨在到 2030 年将沙特阿拉伯定位为全球数据和人工智能中心。它定义了战略支柱（雄心、技能、政策与监管、投资、研究与创新以及生态系统）以及劳动力发展、初创企业增长、投资吸引和开放数据领导力的目标......" }, { "title": "Regulation on Personal Data Transfer Outside the Kingdom (PDPL transfer regulation)", "url": "https://dgp.sdaia.gov.sa/wps/portal/pdp/knowledgecenter/details/RegulationonPersonalDataTransferOutsidetheKingdom", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Regulation on Personal Data Transfer Outside the Kingdom implements Article 29 of Saudi Arabia's Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) and sets the rules, safeguards and procedures for cross‑border transfers of personal data. Issued and maintained by the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA), the September 1, 2024 version clarifies permissible purposes, required safeguards (standard contractual clauses, binding common rules, and certificate of accreditation), risk‑assessment obligations and recordkeeping duties for controllers and processors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "境外个人数据传输法规（PDPL 传输法规）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：《个人数据境外传输条例》实施了沙特阿拉伯《个人数据保护法》(PDPL) 第 29 条，并制定了个人数据跨境传输的规则、保障措施和程序。由沙特数据和数据中心发布和维护。人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 2024 年 9 月 1 日版本阐明了允许的目的、所需的保障措施（标准合同条款、具有约束力的通用规则和认证证书）、控制者和处理者的风险评估义务和记录保存职责……" }, { "title": "Royal Order establishing the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) (establishment of a national authority for data and AI)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: On 30 August 2019 the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques issued a royal decree establishing the Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) as the Kingdom’s national authority for data and AI, directly linked to the Prime Minister. The decree created SDAIA and two affiliated bodies — the National Data Management Office (NDMO) and the National Centre for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI) — and set out a governance framework to lead Saudi Arabia’s national data and AI agenda in support of Vision 2030....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 的皇家命令（建立国家数据和人工智能管理局）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：2019 年 8 月 30 日，两圣地忠仆发布了一项皇家法令，建立沙特数据和人工智能法人工智能管理局（SDAIA）作为王国数据和人工智能的国家权威机构，与首相直接相关。该法令创建了 SDAIA 和两个附属机构——国家数据管理办公室 (NDMO) 和国家人工智能中心 (NCAI)——并制定了一个治理框架来领导沙特阿拉伯的国家数据和人工智能议程，以支持 2030 年愿景……" }, { "title": "Draft Global AI Hub Law (public consultation by Communications, Space and Technology Commission / CST)", "url": "https://www.cst.gov.sa/en/media-center/news/N2025041401", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Communications, Space and Technology Commission (CST) opened a public consultation on a draft "Global AI Hub Law" on 14 April 2025 (consultation through 14 May 2025). The draft establishes a legal framework for sovereign data centres (so-called data embassies) and three hosting models (Private, Extended, Virtual), setting registration, licensing, jurisdictional and security requirements to attract foreign governments, cloud providers and investors while preserving Saudi sovereign interests....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球人工智能中心法草案（通信、空间和技术委员会/CST 进行公众咨询）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：通信、空间和技术委员会（CST）就《全球人工智能中心法》草案公开征求意见2025 年 4 月 14 日（咨询截至 2025 年 5 月 14 日）。该草案为主权数据中心（所谓的数据大使馆）和三种托管模式（私有、扩展、虚拟）建立了法律框架，设定了注册、许可、司法管辖和安全要求，以吸引外国政府、云提供商和投资者，同时维护沙特主权利益......" }, { "title": "Principles and Controls of AI Ethics (SDAIA AI Ethics Principles)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Documents/ai-principles.pdf", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Saudi Data & Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) published the "Principles and Controls of AI Ethics" in September 2023 as a national, principle-based framework for ethical AI across the lifecycle. The document sets out seven core principles, a four-tier risk classification, roles and responsibilities for entities and designates SDAIA as the supervisory authority, while aligning practices with other national laws including the Personal Data Protection Law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能道德原则和控制（SDAIA人工智能道德原则）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：沙特数据与人工智能法人工智能管理局（SDAIA）发布了《人工智能伦理原则和控制》于 2023 年 9 月作为一个基于原则的国家人工智能整个生命周期的道德框架。该文件规定了七项核心原则、四级风险分类、实体的角色和责任，并指定 SDAIA 作为监督机构，同时使做法与包括《个人数据保护法》在内的其他国家法律保持一致......" }, { "title": "National Data Governance Interim Regulations (including Open Data, Data Sharing, Freedom of Information and Personal Data Interim Regulations)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/ndmo/Files/PoliciesEn.pdf", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The National Data Governance Interim Regulations, issued by the Saudi Data & AI Authority (through the National Data Management Office) in June 2020, establish a unified interim framework governing data classification, data sharing, open data, freedom of information and interim personal data protections across public entities. The Regulations set principles such as 'open by default', 'need to know', and segregation of duties, and assign oversight and implementation roles to SDAIA/NDMO while anticipating later primary legislation (e.g., the PDPL)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据治理暂行条例（包括数据开放、数据共享、信息自由和个人数据暂行条例）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：沙特数据和数据中心发布的《国家数据治理临时条例》人工智能管理局（通过国家数据管理办公室）于2020年6月建立统一的临时框架，管理公共实体的数据分类、数据共享、开放数据、信息自由和临时个人数据保护。该条例制定了“默认开放”、“需要了解”和职责分离等原则，并为 SDAIA/NDMO 分配了监督和实施角色，同时预计了后续的主要立法（例如 PDPL）……" }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) (Royal Decree M/19)", "url": "https://laws.boe.gov.sa/BoeLaws/Laws/LawDetails/b7cfae89-828e-4994-b167-adaa00e37188/1", "description": "AI law in Saudi Arabia: The Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), issued by Royal Decree No. M/19 on 16 September 2021 and amended by Royal Decree M/148 (27 March 2023), establishes a comprehensive national framework for the protection, processing, transfer and enforcement of personal data in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The law sets out rights for data subjects, obligations for controllers and processors, rules for cross-border data transfers, breach notification requirements, registration and oversight mechanisms administered by the Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护法 (PDPL)（皇家法令 M/19）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的人工智能法：《个人数据保护法》（PDPL）由 2021 年 9 月 16 日第 M/19 号皇家法令颁布，并经 M/148 号皇家法令（2023 年 3 月 27 日）修订，为沙特阿拉伯王国的个人数据保护、处理、传输和执行建立了全面的国家框架。该法律规定了数据主体的权利、控制者和处理者的义务、跨境数据传输规则、违规通知要求、沙特数据和数据中心管理的注册和监督机制。人工智能管理局（SDAIA）......" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "Saudi Arabia designates 2026 as year of AI", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2533339", "description": "Riyadh, March 10, 2026, SPA -- Saudi Arabia is emerging as a global hub for data and artificial intelligence under Vision 2030, driven by the support of His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince, Prime Minister, and Chairman of the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA). The momentum was underscored by the Cabinet's approval today to designate 2026 as the Year of Artificial Intelligence in the Kingdom. Since its establishment in 2019, SDAIA has led the National Strategy for Data and Artificial Intelligence, which focuses on six pillars:", "categories": [ "Culture" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯将 2026 年定为人工智能年", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯政府已正式将 2026 年定为人工智能年，此举得到国家​​内阁批准，旨在支持沙特数字和创新驱动型经济。该倡议与 2030 年愿景相一致，由王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼牵头，他也是沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 的主席。自 2019 年成立以来，SDAIA 在实施国家数据和人工智能战略方面发挥了重要作用，重点关注六个关键支柱：雄心、能力、政策、投资、创新和生态系统发展。该战略带来了重大进步，包括人工智能行业的监管、先进数字基础设施的开发以及对新兴技术的大量投资。值得注意的是，沙特阿拉伯在2025年全球人工智能指数中排名全球第14位，在人工智能模型开发方面领先阿拉伯地区。沙特还启动了Shaheen III超级计算机和容量为480兆瓦的全球最大政府数据中心Hexagon数据中心等重大项目。此外，超过 11,000 名专家接受了培训，SAMAI 计划的参与者已超过 100 万，提高了数字素养和专业培训。在国际上，沙特阿拉伯加入了全球人工智能伙伴关系（GPAI），并在教科文组织的支持下在利雅得设立了国际人工智能研究和伦理中心（ICAIRE），强调了其对负责任和道德的人工智能发展的承诺。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 February 2026", "title": "Saudi Press Agency source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2519439", "description": "Official source record dated 21 February 2026 for Saudi Arabia concerning Saudi Arabia joins Saudi Arabia Joins Global Partnership on AI. See the linked spa.gov.sa source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯加入沙特阿拉伯加入人工智能全球伙伴关系", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯王国正式加入全球人工智能伙伴关系（GPAI），该倡议由经济合作与发展组织主办，源自七国集团，以沙特数据和人工智能管理局为代表。这一成员资格得到了穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·阿勒沙特亲王殿下的支持，符合 2030 年愿景目标，即本地化先进技术并提高数字经济对 GDP 的贡献，使沙特阿拉伯能够积极制定国际人工智能标准，促进符合道德的人工智能使用，并与 40 多个国家一起为其监管环境吸引高质量的全球投资。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Türkiye and Saudi Arabia deepen strategic cooperation with new deals", "url": "https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/turkiye-ile-suudi-arabistan-gorusmeleri-sonrasi-ortak-bildiri-yayimlandi", "description": "Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın Suudi Arabistan temaslarının ardından Türkiye ile Suudi Arabistan arasında ortak bildiri yayımlandı.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其与沙特阿拉伯通过新协议深化战略合作", "description_zh": "在总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安对利雅得进行正式访问后，土耳其和沙特阿拉伯宣布大幅扩大在经济、能源、国防和地区安全等各个领域的战略合作。两国的目标是协调各自的发展愿景——沙特阿拉伯的2030年愿景和土耳其的世纪愿景——以加强非石油贸易、支持重大基础设施项目并培育私营部门伙伴关系。双方承诺通过土耳其-沙特协调委员会加强协调，涵盖数字经济、人工智能、空间技术等领域。此外，两国还表示愿意加强防务关系并合作打击恐怖主义、极端主义、网络威胁和跨国犯罪。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "SDAIA launches national data, AI curriculum", "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2631218/amp", "description": "Primary source (arabnews.com) dated 30 January 2026 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SDAIA推出国家数据、人工智能课程", "description_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 为大学生推出了数据和人工智能国家跨学科课程，为沙特大学的所有本科生提供基本技能和实用基础知识。该倡议是在国际数据和人工智能能力建设会议期间推出的，是与沙特国王大学、人类能力发展计划和 Elm 合作开发的，旨在确保所有学科的核心知识达到标准化水平。该课程使大学能够实施必修课程，促进负责任地使用人工智能工具进行学习和决策，特别是授权非专业人士在各自领域应用这些技术，而不是将专业知识限制在计算机科学领域。该计划旨在将数据素养纳入更广泛的劳动力队伍中，并支持沙特王国的数字能力建设战略目标。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Saudi Communications Minister discusses expanding cooperation on AI policy and technological innovation with White House advisors", "url": "https://mcit.gov.sa/en/node/237780", "description": "Saudi Minister of Communications and Information Technology Eng. Abdullah Alswaha met with David Sacks, Senior Advisor to the White House on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Assets, during the Kingdom’s participation in the World Economic Forum in Davos. The meeting focused on advancing Saudi–U.S. cooperation in AI policy and technological innovation, in support of both countries’ ambitions to lead in advanced technologies. The discussions underscored the importance of strengthening the strategic partnership between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States in priority technology ar", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特通讯部长与白宫顾问讨论扩大人工智能政策和技术创新合作", "description_zh": "沙特通信和信息技术部长，Eng。阿卜杜拉·阿尔斯瓦哈 (Abdullah Alswaha) 在达沃斯世界经济论坛期间会见了白宫人工智能和数字资产高级顾问戴维·萨克斯 (David Sacks)。他们的讨论重点是加强沙特与美国的关系人工智能政策和技术创新合作，旨在加强两国在优先技术领域的战略伙伴关系，促进数字经济增长，加速智能时代创新解决方案的采用。此外，Eng。 Alswaha 会见了白宫科技政策办公室主任 Michael Kratsios，探讨进一步的技术合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Saudi minister, senior US official discuss expanding AI partnership", "url": "https://www.zawya.com/en/business/technology-and-telecom/saudi-minister-senior-us-official-discuss-expanding-ai-partnership-nf80ioqq", "description": "They reviewed ways to further enhance joint work on technology initiatives with economic impact, empower national talent, and support the technology-innovation", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特部长与美国高级官员讨论扩大人工智能伙伴关系", "description_zh": "据报道，沙特阿拉伯通信和信息技术部长阿卜杜拉·阿尔斯瓦哈在利雅得会见了美国负责经济事务的副国务卿雅各布·赫尔伯格，讨论大幅拓展两国在人工智能和先进技术领域的战略伙伴关系。会议的重点是培育具有高经济影响力的联合倡议，特别是针对数字能力的发展、国家人才的赋权以及加强技术创新和创业生态系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Saudi Arabia unveils world's largest government data centre in $2.7 billion digital push", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2480268", "description": "Riyadh, January 02, 2026, SPA -- Saudi Arabia has joined the global race for massive data centers with the launch of the Hexagon Data Center in Riyadh, representing the world’s largest government data center, classified as Tier IV. The Hexagon Data Center aims to leverage advanced technologies to support the Kingdom’s developmental sectors, as data has become the primary driver of modern developmental change. These efforts are guided by the strategy of the Saudi Data and AI Authority (SDAIA) and Saudi Vision 2030, ensuring the Kingdom remains at the forefront of countries harnessing cutting-ed", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯斥资 27 亿美元推出全球最大的政府数据中心", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯启动了 Hexagon 数据中心，这是一项耗资 27 亿美元的计划，旨在成为世界上最大的政府数据中心，符合沙特阿拉伯王国的 2030 年愿景。该第四级数据中心位于利雅得，占地超过 3000 万平方英尺，容量为 480 兆瓦，旨在支持数字服务并向数据驱动型经济转型。该中心由沙特数据和人工智能管理局（SDAIA）管理，强调技术主权、经济多元化和环境可持续性，融合先进的节能技术和可再生能源。该项目预计将产生重大的经济影响和年度财政节省，支持非石油经济增长并通过改进数字政府服务提高生活质量。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "China and Saudi Arabia pledge deeper hi-tech cooperation", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjbzhd/202512/t20251215_11772489.shtml", "description": "当地时间2025å¹´12月14æ—¥ï¼Œæ²™ç‰¹çŽ‹å‚¨å ¼é¦–ç›¸ç©†ç½•é»˜å¾·åœ¨åˆ©é› å¾—ä¼šè§ä¸­å ±ä¸­å¤®æ”¿æ²»å±€å§”å‘˜ã€å¤–äº¤éƒ¨é•¿çŽ‹æ¯ ã€‚", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国与沙特承诺深化高科技合作", "description_zh": "中国外交部长王毅对利雅得进行国事访问后，中国和沙特阿拉伯致力于深化高科技合作，重点关注新能源和人工智能等领域。沙方支持中方于2026年主办第二次中国－阿拉伯国家领导人会晤和第二次中国－海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会峰会，愿推动中国－海湾合作委员会早日完成谈判。进一步的细节尚未透露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "US approves sale of 70,000 AI chips to UAE and Saudi Arabia", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2025/11/statement-uae-and-saudi-chip-exports", "description": "Primary source (commerce.gov) dated 19 November 2025 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国批准向阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯出售7万块人工智能芯片", "description_zh": "美国商务部宣布批准向阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯的公司出售多达7万块先进人工智能芯片。根据该协议，美国公司将被允许向位于阿布扎比的国营人工智能公司 G42 和沙特政府支持的人工智能企业 Humain 出售最多 35,000 台 NVIDIA Corporation 的 GB300 服务器或同等产品。 GB300服务器包含Nvidia的Blackwell B300处理器，这是一种先进的芯片。这些批准是在特朗普总统与两国领导人讨论之后达成的，协议中包括旨在防止这些芯片惠及中国和科技公司华为的安全条款。此次批准代表了自 2025 年初以来的政策转变，当时一些特朗普政府官员出于安全考虑而拒绝直接向国家支持的公司出口。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "US and Saudi Arabia sign strategic AI partnership", "url": "https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/11/joint-statement-the-strategic-artificial-intelligence-partnership", "description": "On the occasion of the signing by His Highness Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah Al Saud, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and The Honorable Secretary of State of the United States of America, Mr. Marco Rubio, of the Strategic Artificial Intelligence (AI) Partnership between the two countries, His Highness and Secretary Rubio affirmed that the signing of the Strategic AI Partnership is a historic step that establishes a new milestone in the strategic relationship between the two countries. It reflects the firm commitment of both sides to advance innovation an", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国与沙特阿拉伯签署人工智能战略合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "美国总统唐纳德·J·特朗普和沙特阿拉伯王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼敲定了深化美国与沙特战略伙伴关系的里程碑式协议，包括将沙特在美国的投资承诺增加到近1万亿美元，并签署民用核能合作、关键矿产合作和人工智能协议，所有这些都旨在加强经济联系。与此相关的是，美国和沙特阿拉伯签署了一份谅解备忘录，内容涵盖先进半导​​体的供应、人工智能应用的开发、建设和开发先进的人工智能基础设施、建设国家能力以及扩大两国之间的高价值投资。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 October 2025", "title": "Saudi Arabia’s GO Telecom launches AI hub in Islamabad to boost digital cooperation", "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2619334/amp", "description": "Primary source (arabnews.com) dated 18 October 2025 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯 GO Telecom 在伊斯兰堡设立人工智能中心以促进数字合作", "description_zh": "据悉，沙特阿拉伯GO Telecom在巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡开设了人工智能中心，旨在加强两国在人工智能和数据基础设施方面的合作。巴基斯坦 IT 部长 Shaza Khawaja 与 GO Telecom 首席执行官 Yahya bin Saleh Al-Mansour 在利雅得进行了讨论，重点关注数字基础设施和人力资本开发。该人工智能中心预计将为巴基斯坦初创企业提供培训、创新和双边合作的新机会，这标志着 GO Telecom 在巴基斯坦的第一家大型科技企业，并将其国际影响力扩展到石油领域之外。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "South Korea and Saudi Arabia to expand cooperation in shipbuilding, automotive, AI industries", "url": "https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/foreignaffairs/20250926/korea-saudi-arabia-to-expand-cooperation-in-shipbuilding-automotive-ai-industries", "description": "This photo shows Industry Minister Kim Jung-kwan speaking at Saudi Arabia's national day celebration event held in Seoul, Monday. Courtesy of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国与沙特扩大造船、汽车、人工智能产业合作", "description_zh": "据悉，韩国和沙特阿拉伯已同意扩大双边合作范围，将造船、汽车、人工智能等先进产业纳入其中。在首尔举行的韩国-沙特 2030 年愿景委员会会议上，两国制定了 11 个新的合作项目，并审查了 46 个正在进行的举措。这些新项目包括联合开发旨在减少造船业碳排放的技术、汽车发动机和混合动力汽车技术的进步，以及数字化转型、人工智能创新和娱乐领域（包括电影、电子竞技和旅游）方面的合作。值得注意的是，韩国互联网巨头Naver计划将各种人工智能技术应用到其数字孪生平台上，为沙特主要城市提供智慧城市解决方案。为确保这些项目的成功实施，韩国将与沙特阿拉伯建立定期沟通渠道，重点扩大在人工智能和软实力等关键增长行业的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 September 2025", "title": "Somalia and Saudi Arabia agree to cooperate on AI and space technology regulation", "url": "https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2025/Sept/202794/somalia_saudi_arabia_agree_to_cooperate_on_ai_and_space_technology_regulation.aspx", "description": "Riyadh (HOL) — Somalia and Saudi Arabia have agreed to develop a framework for cooperation on regulating artificial intelligence (AI) and space technology.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "索马里和沙特阿拉伯同意在人工智能和空间技术监管方面进行合作", "description_zh": "据悉，索马里和沙特阿拉伯已同意在监管人工智能和太空技术方面进行合作。该协议由索马里国家通信管理局局长 Mustafa Yasin Sheikh 和沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会主席 Haitham Al-Ohaly 在全球监管机构研讨会 (GSR-25) 期间在利雅得签署。这一伙伴关系旨在建立监管合作、分享专业知识并创建框架来指导人工智能和空间技术的负责任增长，同时探索基础设施共享和更广泛的数字合作的机会。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 August 2025", "title": "SDAIA releases report on agentic AI and national applications", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/ar/MediaCenter/KnowledgeCenter/ResearchLibrary/Agentic_AI_090725.V.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sdaia.gov.sa) dated 3 August 2025 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 发布代理人工智能和国家应用报告", "description_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局（SDAIA）发布了一份报告，详细介绍了 Agentic AI 在全球和国家层面的规模、技术发展和应用。报告概述了其核心能力、感知、推理、学习、行动、沟通和自主操作，以及它在医疗、教育和能源等领域的整合。该报告研究了人工智能代理从简单的基于规则的系统到由大语言模型 (LLM) 支持的多代理架构的历史演变，描述了国际政策方法和监管环境，评估了沙特阿拉伯王国境内作为 2030 年愿景一部分的国家准备情况，并强调了开发 ALLaM 阿拉伯语大语言模型以及 NEOM 和红海智慧城市项目等举措。它确定了技术、组织和道德挑战，包括因果推理局限性、透明度、人力资源能力差距、网络安全风险和文化影响，并提出了一个结合数据治理、人工智能道德和人类监督的治理框架。该报告还包括一个四阶段的采用路线图、愿景和规划、试点测试、扩展和集成以及持续创新，并得到战略合作伙伴关系、基础设施开发和能力建设的支持，以确保 Agentic AI 解决方案的安全、负责任和价值维持的部署。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Saudi Arabia commits $600 billion investment in US, covering AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-historic-600-billion-investment-commitment-in-saudi-arabia/", "description": "STRENGTHENING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS FOR ECONOMIC PROSPERITY: Today in Saudi Arabia, President Donald J. Trump announced Saudi Arabia’s $600-billion commitment to invest in the United States, building economic ties that will endure for generations to come. The first deals under the announcement strengthen our energy security, defense industry, technology leadership, and access to global infrastructure and critical minerals.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯承诺向美国投资6000亿美元，涵盖人工智能领域", "description_zh": "作为海湾国家之行的一部分，美国白宫宣布沙特阿拉伯承诺向美国投资 6000 亿美元，建立持续数代的经济关系。该公告下的首批交易将旨在加强美国能源安全、国防工业、技术领先地位以及全球基础设施和关键矿产的使用权。值得注意的是，根据这项协议，(1)沙特阿拉伯公司DataVolt将投资200亿美元用于美国的人工智能数据中心和能源基础设施； (2) Alphabet旗下谷歌、DataVolt、甲骨文、Salesforce、Advanced Micro Devices和Uber将在两国投资800亿美元用于变革性技术； (3) Nvidia 将在沙特阿拉伯销售人工智能芯片，第一批 18,000 颗最新的“Blackwell”芯片将出售给沙特阿拉伯主权财富基金旗下的人工智能初创公司 Humain。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Saudi Press Agency source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2316474#:~:text=Chaired%20by%20HRH%20the%20Crown,advanced%20AI%20models%20and%20solutions.", "description": "Official source record dated 12 May 2025 for Saudi Arabia concerning Saudi Crown Prince launches new company to develop AI technologies. See the linked spa.gov.sa source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特王储成立新公司开发人工智能技术", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯王储穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼宣布成立 PIF 旗下公司 HUMAIN。 HUMAIN将作为一家统一运营公司在整个人工智能价值链上进行运营和投资，提供全面的人工智能服务、产品和工具，包括下一代数据中心、人工智能基础设施和云能力，以及先进的人工智能模型和解决方案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金砖国家+签署人工智能治理宣言", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非，以及截至 2025 年 1 月 1 日的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的外交部长在里约热内卢举行会议后发表了一份宣言，其中包括承诺在人工智能方面优先考虑透明度、道德标准、数据保护和公平的发展成果，特别是在解决国家之间和国家内部的数字和数据不平等方面。金砖+外长强调在联合国框架内建立包容性、代表性的人工智能国际治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 April 2025", "title": "Saudi Arabia Communications, Space, and Technology Commission opens consultation on draft Global AI Hub Law", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/ar/Transportation/citc/globalailaw/Pages/default.aspx", "description": "Primary source (istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa) dated 14 April 2025 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会就全球人工智能中心法草案展开磋商", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会（CST）已就全球人工智能中心法草案展开公众咨询。该法律草案概述了在沙特阿拉伯境内建立和运营各类数据中心的框架，特别注重国际合作。它引入了《全球人工智能中心法》，定义了不同的数据中心模式，例如供来宾国专用的私人中心、服务于来宾国的私人实体运营的扩展中心以及在指定外国法律管辖下提供服务的虚拟中心。该法律规定了相关各方的责任和特权，包括主管当局、来宾国、运营商和服务提供商，同时还解决了这些中心内客户内容的数据主权、安全和法律管辖权问题。其目的是吸引外国投资主权数据中心和人工智能服务。磋商将于 2025 年 5 月 14 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /ar/Transportation/citc/globalailaw/Pages/default.aspx (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "Saudi ICT minister highlights nation's leadership in AI during G20 Summit", "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/node/2579847/saudi-arabia", "description": "Primary source (arabnews.com) dated 19 November 2024 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特信息通信技术部长在 G20 峰会期间强调国家在人工智能领域的领导地位", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯通信和信息技术部长阿卜杜拉·斯瓦哈在第十九届二十国集团峰会（巴西里约热内卢）上发表讲话，重申沙特阿拉伯致力于成为人工智能领域的全球领导者，包括加强国际合作和制定促进技术创新和全球福祉的政策。除其他外，部长提到沙特阿拉伯与联合国国际电信联盟合作启动人工智能准备框架，以及与联合国教科文组织合作建立国际人工智能研究和伦理中心。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 September 2024", "title": "Saudi Data & AI Authority releases deepfake guidelines", "url": "https://istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa/en/transportation/ndmo/deepfakesguidelines/Documents/SDAIA_Deepfakes%20Guidelines.pdf", "description": "Primary source (istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa) dated 18 September 2024 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局发布 Deepfake 指南", "description_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局已就《Deepfakes 指南》展开公众咨询，该指南 (1) 解决了 Deepfakes 技术的影响，(2) 为技术开发人员、内容创作者、监管机构和消费者提供了减轻风险的指南，重点关注隐私、透明度、偏见和问责制等方面，(3) 包含示例、风险评估框架和同意书样本。磋商将于 2024 年 10 月 11 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='istitlaa.ncc.gov.sa', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /en/transportation/ndmo/deepfakesguidelines/Documents/SDAIA_Deepfakes%20Guidelines.pdf (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'C", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "Saudi Press Agency source on international AI summit activity", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/N2158935", "description": "Official source record dated 22 August 2024 for Saudi Arabia concerning Saudi Arabia to host third Global AI Summit. See the linked spa.gov.sa source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯将主办第三届全球人工智能峰会", "description_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 宣布第三届全球人工智能峰会现已开放报名，该峰会将于 9 月 10 日至 12 日在利雅得阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王国际会议中心举行。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Saudi Arabia announces AI ​​Center for Media", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/ar/MediaCenter/News/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=270", "description": "Primary source (sdaia.gov.sa) dated 16 May 2024 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Media" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯宣布成立媒体人工智能中心", "description_zh": "在沙特媒体论坛上，沙特媒体部长和沙特数据和人工智能管理局（SDAIA）主席宣布成立媒体人工智能中心（AICOM），该中心将具有监控数据和人工智能对媒体影响的功能，并支持媒体部门使用这些技术。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "Generative AI Guidelines published", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Files/GenerativeAIPublicEN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sdaia.gov.sa) dated 11 January 2024 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式人工智能指南发布", "description_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 发布了一套针对生成式人工智能用户和开发人员的人工智能指南。该指南列出了考虑因素和实际步骤，例如建立预定义的人类监督触发器、针对偏见进行测试以及向用户和公众明确传达人工智能的使用。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 October 2023", "title": "Saudi Arabia-UK roundtable on AI tackles ethics, regulations", "url": "https://www.therahnuma.com/saudi-arabia-uk-roundtable-on-ai-tackles-ethics-regulations/", "description": "Primary source (therahnuma.com) dated 25 October 2023 in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯-英国人工智能圆桌会议讨论道德和监管问题", "description_zh": "首届沙特阿拉伯-英国人工智能圆桌会议在利雅得沙特数据和人工智能管理局总部举行，与会者讨论了与该技术相关的法规和道德规范。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.therahnuma.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /saudi-arabia-uk-roundtable-on-ai-tackles-ethics-regulations/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, '[SSL: UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING] EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1081)')))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 April 2023", "title": "Amendments to Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.globalcompliancenews.com/2023/04/27/https-insightplus-bakermckenzie-com-bm-data-technology-saudi-arabia-new-amendments-have-been-introduced-to-the-personal-data-protection-law_04252023/", "description": "The Personal Data Protection Law of Saudi Arabia (\"KSA\") was recently amended pursuant to Royal Decree No. M/148, dated 05/09/1444H (corresponding to 27 March 2023G) (\"Amended PDPL\"). These amendments were preceded by a public consultation launched by the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority in late 2022. The Amended PDPL expands the scope under which Controllers could collect personal data from third parties, and process it for purposes other than that for which it was originally collected. It also provides additional grounds for Controllers to disclose personal data, and introduc", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人资料保护法修正案", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯部长理事会批准了对《个人数据保护法》(PDPL) 的一系列修改。更新后的 PDPL 考虑了沙特数据和人工智能管理局 (SDAIA) 于 2022 年 11 月发布的咨询文件中提出的一些修正案，尽管并非所有这些提案都已实施。该修正案引入了几个概念，使 PDPL 更接近欧盟通用数据保护条例等国际标准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "SDAIA Generative AI Guidelines (2024)", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Files/GenerativeAIPublicEN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sdaia.gov.sa) in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SDAIA 生成式人工智能指南 (2024)：", "description_zh": "本指南旨在全面解决沙特阿拉伯负责任且有效的开发和使用生成式人工智能的问题。它适用于沙特阿拉伯境内设计、开发、部署、实施、使用生成人工智能系统或受其影响的所有利益相关者。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: ('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(10054, 'Une connexion existante a dû être fermée par l’hôte distant', None, 10054, None))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Saudi Arabia AI Ethics Principles (2022)", "url": "https://www.spa.gov.sa/2383900", "description": "Riyadh, September 14, 2022 -- The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia proudly announces its AI Ethics Principles for public consultation. They were designed by the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA) to be a practical guide to incorporating AI ethics throughout the AI system development life cycle. AI Ethics principles recognize the importance of developing artificial intelligence and technology innovation into the Kingdom's services for its citizens and visitors. After analyzing global and domestic standards and guidelines for AI use, SDAIA has developed an operational framework that", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯人工智能道德原则 (2022)", "description_zh": "帮助王国避免或减少技术限制的共同基础或标准。这 7 项原则是 (1) 公平、(2) 隐私和安全、(3) 人性、(4) 社会和环境效益、(5) 可靠性和安全性、(6) 透明度和可解释性、以及 (7) 责任和责任。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Data and AI National Strategy (2020)", "url": "https://ai.sa/Brochure_NSDAI_Summit%20version_EN.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ai.sa) in SA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据和人工智能战略（2020）", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯的国家战略是到 2030 年成为人工智能领域的全球领导者。它概述了 6 个主要支柱：(1) 雄心（到 2030 年跻身人工智能开发和应用前 15 个国家之列），(2) 技能（到 2030 年培训和接待超过 20,000 名数据和人工智能专家），(3) 伙伴关系（与领先的人工智能国家、国际组织和私营部门机构）， (4) 投资（数据和人工智能领域投资超过 200 亿美元），(5) 监管（基于国际最佳实践，培育有利于商业的监管环境），(6) 生态系统（到 2030 年，王国将拥有超过 300 家活跃的数据和人工智能初创企业，以及用于开发和部署人工智能技术的世界级监管沙箱）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='ai.sa', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /Brochure_NSDAI_Summit%20version_EN.pdf (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to ai.sa timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Saudi Arabia has a National Strategy on Data and AI, which envisions a welcoming, flexible and stable regulatory ecosystem, including incentive scheme", "url": "", "description": "Saudi Arabia has a National Strategy on Data and AI, which envisions a welcoming, flexible and stable regulatory ecosystem, including incentive schemes, to attract AI companies, investors and talents. According to the strategy, Saudi Arabia aspires to be one of the leading economies utilizing and exporting data and AI after 2030. The Saudi Data and AI Authority published AI Ethics Principles in September 2023. Moreover, Saudi Arabia is ready to leverage its \"young and vibrant population\" and \"unique centralized ecosystem.\" The country hopes to attract outside investment by hosting global AI events and applying its influence as a tech hub within the Middle East.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙特阿拉伯制定了数据和人工智能国家战略，设想了一个受欢迎、灵活和稳定的监管生态系统，包括激励计划", "description_zh": "沙特阿拉伯制定了数据和人工智能国家战略，设想建立一个热情、灵活和稳定的监管生态系统，包括激励计划，以吸引人工智能公司、投资者和人才。根据该战略，沙特阿拉伯渴望在2030年后成为利用和出口数据和人工智能的主要经济体之一。沙特数据和人工智能管理局于2023年9月发布了人工智能道德原则。此外，沙特阿拉伯已准备好利用其“年轻而充满活力的人口”和“独特的中心化生态系统”。该国希望通过举办全球人工智能活动并发挥其作为中东科技中心的影响力来吸引外部投资。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Saudi Data and AI Authority rules governing issuance of accreditation certificates for controllers and processors", "url": "https://sdaia.gov.sa/en/SDAIA/about/Files/RulesGoverningIssuanceAccreditationCertificatesControllersProcessers.pdf", "description": "SDAIA issued rules governing the issuance of Accreditation Certificates for Controllers and Processors, establishing a framework where an Accreditation Certificate serves as formal evidence of compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law.", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙特数据和人工智能管理局规定控制者和处理者颁发认证证书", "description_zh": "SDAIA 发布了管理控制者和处理者认证证书颁发的规则，建立了一个框架，将认证证书作为遵守个人数据保护法的正式证据。" } ], "entry_count": 122, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "682" }, { "id": "KZ", "title": "Kazakhstan", "entries": [ { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Kazakhstan-Kenya Economic and Digital Cooperation", "url": "https://ict.go.ke/ps-isaboke-advances-kenya-kazakhstan-economic-and-digital-cooperation", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Governments of Kenya and Kazakhstan announced plans to strengthen bilateral economic and digital cooperation during the Kazakhstan–Kenya Business Forum. The initiative seeks to expand trade and investment and to promote value chains linking Central Asia and East Africa. Cooperation is expected to cover areas of digital transformation, including e-government systems, financial technology (fintech), cybersecurity, and startup support. The two governments also indicated ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦-肯尼亚经济和数字合作", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 17 日，肯尼亚和哈萨克斯坦政府在哈萨克斯坦-肯尼亚商业论坛期间宣布了加强双边经济和数字合作的计划。该倡议旨在扩大贸易和投资，促进连接中亚和东非的价值链。合作预计将涵盖数字化转型领域，包括电子政务系统、金融科技、网络安全和初创公司支持。两国政府还表示..." }, { "title": "Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Amendments and Additions to the Code of Administrative Offences (No. 232-VIII) — related to AI/ digitization (Закон РК о внесении изменений и дополнений в Кодекс об административных правонарушениях)", "url": "https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/economy/press/article/details/141431", "description": "AI law in Kazakhstan: This Act (No. 232-VIII), adopted 17 November 2025, amends the Code of Administrative Offences of the Republic of Kazakhstan by adding Article 641-1 to impose administrative liability for breaches of the new AI legal framework. It establishes obligations for owners/operators of AI systems (transparency labelling of synthetic outputs, risk management for high-risk systems), reporting and documentation requirements, and a graded system of administrative fines and remedial measures....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦共和国《行政违法法典》修正案和补充法（第 232-VIII 号）——与人工智能/数字化相关 (Закон РК о внесении изменений и дополнений в Кодекс об административных правонарушениях)", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦的人工智能法：该法（第 232-VIII 号）于 2025 年 11 月 17 日通过，修订了哈萨克斯坦共和国《行政违法法典》，增加了第 641-1 条，对违反新人工智能法律框架的行为追究行政责任。它规定了人工智能系统所有者/运营商的义务（合成输出的透明度标签、高风险系统的风险管理）、报告和文件要求，以及行政罚款和补救措施的分级制度……" }, { "title": "Concept of Digital Transformation, ICT Industry Development and Cybersecurity for 2023–2029 (Концепция цифровой трансформации, развития отрасли ИКТ и кибербезопасности на 2023–2029 годы)", "url": "https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/infsecurity/press/article/details/95401", "description": "AI law in Kazakhstan: A government-approved national strategy (approved by Government Resolution No. 269 of 28 March 2023) setting strategic objectives, targets and an action plan for Kazakhstan’s digital transformation, development of the ICT sector and strengthening of national cybersecurity for the period 2023–2029. It defines governance arrangements, performance indicators, sectoral measures (digital government, data governance, ICT market development, cyber resilience) and an implementation timetable with responsible agencies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023-2029年数字化转型、ICT产业发展和网络安全概念（Концепция цифровой трансформации, развития отрасли ИКТ и кибербезопасности на 2023–2029 年）", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦人工智能法：政府批准的国家战略（由 2023 年 3 月 28 日第 269 号政府决议批准），为 2023-2029 年哈萨克斯坦数字化转型、发展 ICT 行业和加强国家网络安全制定战略目标、具体目标和行动计划。它定义了治理安排、绩效指标、部门措施（数字政府、数据治理、ICT市场发展、网络弹性）以及负责机构的实施时间表......" }, { "title": "Order of the Minister No. 385/NQ - On Approval of Requirements for Data Management (Приказ Министра №385/НҚ «Об утверждении Требований по управлению данными»)", "url": "https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai/press/article/details/106968", "description": "AI law in Kazakhstan: Order No. 385/NQ (14 October 2022) established mandatory requirements for data management in Kazakhstan, setting rules for governance, classification, lifecycle management, access, sharing and security of data processed by public bodies and specified organizations. The Order was amended in February 2024 and formally repealed by a later ministerial order in November 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 385/NQ 号部长令 - 关于批准数据管理要求（Приказ Министра №385/Нх «Об утверждении Требований по управлению данными»）", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦人工智能法：第 385/NQ 号命令（2022 年 10 月 14 日）规定了哈萨克斯坦数据管理的强制性要求，制定了公共机构和指定组织处理的数据的治理、分类、生命周期管理、访问、共享和安全规则。该命令于 2024 年 2 月进行了修订，并于 2024 年 11 月被后来的部长命令正式废除......" }, { "title": "Order of the Minister No. 90/NQ (23 February 2024) — On Amendments and Additions to Order No. 385/NQ (О внесении изменений и дополнения в приказ Министра от 14.10.2022 №385/НҚ)", "url": "https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/maidd/about", "description": "AI law in Kazakhstan: Order No. 90/NQ (23 February 2024) amends and supplements Ministerial Order No. 385/NQ (14 October 2022) that establishes the "Requirements for Data Management" for public-sector bodies. The amendments clarify the scope of application, add and revise detailed definitions (including roles such as data steward/CDO and new terms such as SDU and data catalog), prescribe obligations for cataloguing and anonymization, and set operational requirements for interaction with the Smart Data Ukimet (SDU) platform. The order was registered on 26 February 2024 and later repealed by Ministerial Order No. 691/NQ on 11 November 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 90/NQ 号部长令（2024 年 2 月 23 日）——关于第 385/NQ 号令的修订和补充（О внесении изменений и дополнения в приказ Министра от 14.10.2022 §385/НК)", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦人工智能法：第 90/NQ 号命令（2024 年 2 月 23 日）修订和补充了第 385/NQ 号部长命令（2022 年 10 月 14 日），该命令规定了“数据管理要求”对于公共部门机构。修正案明确了适用范围，添加和修改了详细定义（包括数据管理员/CDO等角色以及SDU和数据目录等新术语），规定了编目和匿名化义务，并设定了与智能数据Ukimet（SDU）平台交互的操作要求。该命令于 2024 年 2 月 26 日注册，随后于 2024 年 11 月 11 日被第 691/NQ 号部长令废除......" }, { "date": "18 January 2026", "title": "Kazakhstan AI Law takes effect", "url": "online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34207749", "description": "Primary source dated 18 January 2026 in KZ. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦人工智能法生效", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦《人工智能法》于 2026 年 1 月 18 日生效，建立了优先考虑人工智能开发和使用中个人权利和福祉的法律框架。该立法强调公平、透明、问责、数据保护和系统安全等原则，同时禁止操纵行为、利用漏洞或侵犯隐私的人工智能应用程序。此外，该国还启动了人工智能治理500强计划，培训公共部门人工智能实施的高管，并与联合国教科文组织合作评估国家人工智能准备情况，旨在促进负责任和以人为本的人工智能融合。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "MissingSchema: Invalid URL 'online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34207749': No scheme supplied. Perhaps you meant https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=34207749?", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Kazakh Government rules out AI Deputy Ministers", "url": "https://timesca.com/kazakh-government-rules-out-ai-deputy-ministers/", "description": "AI will not be occupying senior government posts in Kazakhstan anytime soon. While AI-based tools may serve as advisors and consultants to top officials, there are currently no plans to appoint virtual or digital deputy ministers. This was confirmed by Rostislav Konyashkin, First Deputy Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦政府排除人工智能副部长的可能性", "description_zh": "据报道，哈萨克斯坦政府目前没有计划任命基于人工智能的虚拟或数字副部长。人工智能和数字发展第一副部长罗斯蒂斯拉夫·科尼亚什金表示，虽然人工智能工具可以充当顾问和顾问，但当前的人工智能系统缺乏官方决策角色所需的可靠性。这个问题是在内阁会议后的新闻发布会上提出的，当时记者提到阿尔巴尼亚 2025 年决定任命一位虚拟公共采购部长，这在全球尚属首次。他们询问哈萨克斯坦是否正在考虑采取类似举措。科尼亚什金部长强调，政治官员要对自己的决定负责，目前预计不会出现数字副部长。科尼亚什金表示，希望未来的发展能够让个人人工智能助理充当成熟的顾问，从而有可能减轻公务员的工作量。目前正在计划为公务员远程工作建立一个安全的数字环境，包括带有可选生物识别的统一授权系统和集成数字工具，以提高行政效率。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan President signs AI Law", "url": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/11/kazakhstan-adopts-central-asias-first-ai-law/", "description": "ASTANA — Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has signed Central Asia’s first artificial intelligence law, establishing a sweeping regulatory framework aimed at ensuring the safe, transparent and ethical use of AI across the economy and public sector.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦总统签署人工智能法", "description_zh": "据报道，哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫签署了哈萨克斯坦首部人工智能法，建立了全面的监管框架，旨在确保人工智能在经济和公共部门的安全、透明和合乎道德的使用。该立法要求公民在人工智能影响决策时被告知，允许他们要求对自动化结果的解释，并保护个人数据。它禁止行为操纵、未经授权的情绪识别、社交评分和非法数据收集等有害做法。此外，法律要求对人工智能生成的内容进行明确标记，以防止深度伪造和错误信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan’s Parliament passes AI law", "url": "https://en.tengrinews.kz/laws_initiatives/kazakhstans-parliament-passes-artificial-intelligence-law-269971/", "description": "Tengrinews.kz — Members of Kazakhstan’s Mazhilis (Lower House) have approved the Senate’s amendments to the law on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related legislation, officially passing the bill and sending it to the President for signature.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦议会通过人工智能法", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦众议院马日利斯（Mazhilis）已批准参议院人工智能法修正案，正式通过该法案并提交总统签署。参议院的修订包括针对人工智能系统造成的潜在危害提供强制责任保险，并要求立即采取预防措施以避免或消除风险。该法律强调人权、透明度和国家价值观，禁止情绪分析，限制将机密数据传输到神经网络，并强制对深度伪造品进行标记以防止错误信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 October 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan to integrate AI into lawmaking process", "url": "https://ortcom.kz/ru/novosti/1761202498", "description": "На пресс-конференции в СЦК вице-министр юстиции РК Бекболат Молдабеков подробно рассказал о внедрении искусственного интеллекта в деятельность ведомства и достигнутых результатах. Так, уже сегодня на сайте Adilet функционирует правовой консультант, работающий круглосуточно. Он бесплатно консультирует граждан по широкому кругу правовых вопросов, тем самым снижая нагрузку на государственные органы по разъяснению законодательства.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦将人工智能纳入立法过程", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦政府计划推出人工智能助理，以帮助制定监管法律法案。正如司法部副部长别克博拉特·莫尔达别科夫宣布的那样，该系统将分析国际法律实践、监测事态发展并确保法律草案符合宪法。该举措是更广泛的数字化议程的一部分，其中包括 adilet.zan.kz 门户上的自动化法律顾问和自动化执行程序的数字执达员计划。即将推出的人工智能助手旨在通过在起草过程中提供专家支持来提高立法的质量、连贯性和法律稳定性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan AI Law proceeds to senate", "url": "https://astanatimes.com/2025/09/kazakhstan-enacts-ai-law-parliament-weighs-opportunities-and-risks/", "description": "ASTANA – Kazakhstan adopted a law on artificial intelligence, followed by a Mazhilis (lower house of the Kazakh parliament) hearing to examine its opportunities and challenges.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦人工智能法进入参议院", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦二读通过了人工智能法草案，旨在建立促进人工智能发展的法律框架，同时确保公共安全和个人数据保护。该法律草案授予用户了解人工智能系统操作、请求对决策进行审查以及选择退出人工智能交互的权利。它禁止控制行为、利用情绪或未经同意收集个人数据的数字技术，并强制进行审计以确保合规性。人工智能系统将按风险和自主级别进行分类，高风险系统受到严格的监管。此外，尽管用户生成的提示可能被视为知识产权，但在没有人工输入的情况下仅由人工智能创建的作品将不会受到版权保护。政府还在推进人工智能基础设施建设，包括卫星互联网的扩展和国际人工智能中心alem.ai的启动，以促进国内各个领域的人工智能解决方案。该法律草案现已提交参议院。如果获得议会上院批准，将送交总统签署。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan to establish Ministry for AI Development, Digital Code, and Crypto Asset Fund", "url": "https://timesca.com/kazakhstan-to-establish-ministry-for-ai-development-digital-code-and-crypto-asset-fund/", "description": "In his annual address to the people of Kazakhstan, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev identified digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) as key priorities for the country’s development. The president announced a series of institutional and legislative initiatives aimed at positioning Kazakhstan at the forefront of the global technological transformation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦将成立人工智能发展、数字代码和加密资产基金部", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫在年度讲话中宣布，哈萨克斯坦计划成立专门负责人工智能发展的部委，旨在实现国民经济和公共行政现代化。这个新部门预计由目前的数字发展、创新和航空航天工业部发展而来，将由副总理级专家领导。此外，托卡耶夫总统强调需要一个全面的法律框架来支持人工智能的采用，敦促迅速实施数字代码来指导国家的数字化战略。他还透露，计划建立一个数字资产国家基金，积累战略加密货币储备，与最近推出的数字坚戈相结合，从而培育一个强大的数字资产生态系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 April 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan and Russia team up to boost AI and tech innovation", "url": "https://en.trend.az/business/4025732.html", "description": "ASTANA, Kazakhstan, April 4. Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister, Olzhas Bektenov, met with Dmitry Grigorenko, Deputy Chairman of the Government and Head of the Government Staff of the Russian Federation, and discussed several topics related to digitalization, artificial intelligence, investment, and innovative development, Trend reports.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯联手推动人工智能和技术创新", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦总理奥尔扎斯·贝克特诺夫和俄罗斯副总理德米特里·格里戈连科会面，讨论数字化、人工智能、投资和创新发展，强调人工智能和数字化伙伴关系在双边关系中的重要性。除此之外，他们还注意到 2025 年晚些时候在阿斯塔纳开设 Alem.ai 国际人工智能中心带来的新机遇。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan to establish unified innovation cluster", "url": "https://timesca.com/kazakhstan-to-establish-unified-innovation-cluster/", "description": "Kazakhstan is set to create a unified national innovation cluster by merging two of its key technological institutions: the International Technopark of IT Startups, Astana Hub , and the Park of Innovative Technologies fund, also known as Tech Garden .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦建立统一创新集群", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦计划通过合并两大科技机构来建立统一的国家创新集群：阿斯塔纳中心（Astana Hub）和科技园（Tech Garden），前者通过税收激励和加速器计划支持IT企业家，后者由地下用户资助，推动工业数字创新。该举措旨在增强国家的数字经济和全球竞争力，将整合基础设施、金融和专业知识，同时创建一个连接科学、商业、政府和初创企业的数字平台。此举符合托卡耶夫总统对人工智能和数字化转型作为经济增长关键驱动力的强调", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan introduces AI Regulation Bill", "url": "https://timesca.com/kazakhstan-introduces-ai-regulation-bill-to-ensure-human-oversight/", "description": "Deputies of the Mazhilis, the lower house of Kazakhstan’s parliament, have introduced a draft law titled On Artificial Intelligence . The legislation proposes a complete ban on digital systems that make decisions without human intervention.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦提出人工智能监管法案", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦议会下院马日利斯议员提出了一项名为“人工智能”的法律草案。该法案提出（1）全面禁止无需人工干预即可做出决策的数字系统； （2）根据风险等级对人工智能系统进行分类，影响人类生命和公共管理的高风险系统面临严格监管； （3）建立国家人工智能平台，支持国家主导的人工智能开发、培训和测试； (4) 对基于社会、生物特征或行为特征评估个人的人工智能系统的限制； (5) 禁止旨在操纵人类行为的人工智能系统。根据新提出的《行政违法法典》修正案，违反这些规定将受到行政处罚。该法案的立法文本尚未向公众公布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan and Jordan to cooperate on digital development and innovation, covering AI", "url": "https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mdai/press/news/details/943582?lang=en", "description": "Primary source (gov.kz): GOV.KZ - Единая платформа интернет-ресурсов государственных органов (ЕПИР ГО).", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦和约旦将在数字发展和创新领域开展合作，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦和约旦签署了一份合作备忘录，以加强两国在数字发展方面的伙伴关系，重点关注信息和通信技术、人工智能、电子政务、智慧城市和创业生态系统发展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 April 2024", "title": "Kazakhstan President delivers speech on government's approach to AI", "url": "https://www.inform.kz/ru/neobhodimo-obespechit-uskorennoe-razvitie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-prezident-rk-baa83c", "description": "Глава гсоударства Касым-Жомарт Токаев заявил, что в условиях стемительного научно-технического прогресс важно использовать все возможности для укрепления технологического и научно-инновационного суверенитета страны, передает агентство Kazinform со ссылкой на Акорду.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦总统就政府的人工智能方法发表讲话", "description_zh": "哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫在国家科学技术委员会会议上强调“人工智能领域的全面发展应成为政府的优先事项”。托卡耶夫总统表示，除其他外，（1）哈萨克斯坦政府目前正在制定人工智能和数字代码发展战略； (2) 创建主权语言模型（例如，研究机构和高等教育机构联盟目前正在开发哈萨克语模型）。托卡耶夫总统已指示安理会批准国家委员会专家工作组的拟议组成。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://prg.kz/document/?doc_id=34207749&pos=8;223", "description": "Полный текст документа: Закон Республики Казахстан от 17 ноября 2025 года № 230-VIII «Об искусственном интеллекте» читать в системе PRG. (ИС Параграф)", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能法：", "description_zh": "旨在确保整个经济和公共部门安全、透明和合乎道德地使用人工智能的监管框架。该立法要求公民在人工智能影响决策时被告知，允许他们要求对自动化结果的解释，并保护个人数据。它禁止行为操纵、未经授权的情绪识别、社交评分和非法数据收集等有害做法。此外，法律要求对人工智能生成的内容进行明确标记，以防止深度伪造和错误信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 18, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "398" }, { "id": "CIS", "title": "Commonwealth of Independent States", "entries": [ { "date": "20 April 2024", "title": "CIS approves draft law to regulate AI", "url": "https://24.kg/english/292137_Law_regulating_use_of_artificial_intelligence_to_appear_in_CIS/", "description": "The Standing Commission of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly on Science and Education approved a draft model law regulating the use of artificial intelligence. The organization’s website says.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CIS 批准监管人工智能的法律草案", "description_zh": "独联体科学和教育议会间大会常务委员会批准了一项规范人工智能使用的示范法草案。该法律草案旨在通过（1）建立独联体国家人工智能使用的统一定义和原则，（2）提出规则制定的通用模型规则，（3）确保人工智能应用的安全，以及（4）为该地区创新经济增长创造统一的技术发展空间，制定统一的规则来管理与人工智能使用相关的公共关系。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 October 2023", "title": "CIS adopts concept of the model law for AI", "url": "https://iacis.ru/News/IPA_CIS_Commissions/Concept_of_Model_Law_on_Regulation_of_Artificial_Intelligence_Technologies_has_Been_Adopted", "description": "On 26 October, at the headquarters of the IPA CIS a meeting of the IPA CIS Permanent Commission on Science and Education was held under the leadership of Chair of the IPA CIS Permanent Commission on Science and Education, Chair of the Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Science, Education and Culture Lilia Gumerova .", "categories": [ "E" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CIS 采用人工智能示范法的概念", "description_zh": "独立国家联合体常设科学和教育委员会成员国议会间大会批准了人工智能示范法草案的概念。概念文件呼吁对人工智能技术所产生的公共关系法律规制体系采取共同做法，以人为本，以提高生活质量为目标。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 March 2023", "title": "CIS issue recommendations on use of AI", "url": "https://iacis.ru/News/IPA_CIS_Commissions/CIS_MPs_Issued_Recommendations_on_Use_of_Artificial_Intelligence", "description": "On 10 March, a meeting of the IPA CIS Permanent Commission on Science and Education was held at the IPA CIS headquarters. Under the leadership of Chair of the Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on Science, Education and Culture Lilia Gumerova , MPs discussed draft laws on the use of artificial intelligence, financial support for innovation activities and educational projects for students and young researchers of the Commonwealth.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CIS 发布关于使用人工智能的建议", "description_zh": "独立国家联合体常设科学和教育委员会成员国议会间大会发布了规范人工智能使用的建议草案，包括成员国研究和开发的道德标准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "KW", "title": "Kuwait", "entries": [ { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Kuwait National AI Strategy 2025-2028", "url": "https://cait.gov.kw/media/filer_public/3f/b4/3fb49a45-4a78-4489-8898-b68e2bd260ca/kuwait_national_strategy.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cait.gov.kw) dated DRAFT in KW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科威特国家人工智能战略 2025-2028", "description_zh": "科威特的国家人工智能战略与 2035 年愿景相一致，旨在通过负责任的人工智能部署促进经济增长、加强公共服务和改善生活质量，使该国成为人工智能创新的领导者。该文件概括了：（1）对科威特当前人工智能格局的深入分析； （二）人工智能融合的战略目标； (3) 负责任的人工智能方法； (4) 具有可操作性的见解，以利用人工智能在各个领域的变革潜力； (5) 实施人工智能驱动解决方案的路线图", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='cait.gov.kw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /media/filer_public/3f/b4/3fb49a45-4a78-4489-8898-b68e2bd260ca/kuwait_national_strategy.pdf (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection t", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "414" }, { "id": "TH", "title": "Thailand", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-01-06", "title": "Data protection provisions in Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/A/069/T_0052.PDF", "description": "On 1 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) will enter into force. The PDPA establishes the main legal bases to process personal data (consent, contract, public interest, legitimate interest of data controller). The personal data controllers and processors are obliged to notify the data subject about data collection practices, maintain records of personal data processing activities, appoint a Data Protection Officer and notify data breaches. Special categories of sensitive data re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-14", "title": "Decree on exemption of data controllers duties under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law/detail/7220", "description": "On 14 January 2024, the Royal Decree outlining exceptions to data controller obligations under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) came into force. This decree stipulates that data controllers are not bound to adhere to Chapters 2 and 3 of the PDPA when responding to personal data requests from specific government entities. These include the National Anti-Corruption Commission, Revenue Department, Customs Department, Excise Department, recognised local government organisations responsible...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-29", "title": "Establishment of the PDPA Center", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/7785", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the Minister of Digital Economy and Society announced the establishment of the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPA) Center. The PDPA Center serves as a hub for delivering personal information protection services, expanding communication channels for citizens and various agencies. The services offered by the PDPA Center encompass advisory and information services on PDPA laws, a complaint reception center for PDPA non-compliance, a Personal Data Violation Surveillance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-12", "title": "Ministry of Digital Economy and Society lawsuit against 496 URLs for allegedly violating laws related to national security and the Computer Crime Act", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/3992", "description": "On 9 December 2020, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) filed a public lawsuit against 496 URLs for allegedly violating laws related to national security and the Computer Crime Act between 13 October and 4 December 2020. The evidence collected included 284 URLs on Facebook, 81 on YouTube, 130 on Twitter, and 1 other URL. The identities of the individuals behind 19 accounts have been verified, and the information has been forwarded to the Technology Crime Suppression Division fo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-03-11", "title": "MDES investigation into webistes containing illegal content", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/3898", "description": "On 3 November 2020, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) announced court orders to shut down 209 additional URLs containing illegal content. In particular, the MDES noted significant progress, with 4,114 URLs already removed or blocked from foreign platforms, representing about two-thirds of the reported violations. Furthermore, the ministry emphasised the urgency of combating social media misuse and encouraged public reporting through the \"Volunteer to Monitor Online\" page. Fro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-02", "title": "AI Governance Guidelines", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/Our-Service/AIGC/index.aspx", "description": "On 2 February 2021, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) released the Thai government's AI Governance Guidelines, which provide a comprehensive framework for the responsible implementation and management of AI technologies across various sectors. In particular, the guidelines include the establishment of an AI Governance Council to set strategic directions and policies, as well as to monitor and evaluate AI applications. Furthermore, the guidelines delineate the roles and res...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-08", "title": "Annual report 2023 on the National AI Strategy", "url": "https://ai.in.th/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/AI-Thailand-Annual-Report-2023.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2023, Thailand's National AI Strategy, spanning from 2022 to 2027, outlining a comprehensive action plan for AI development was published. Produced by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Innovation (MHESI) and the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society, the report is managed by the National Science and Technology Development Agency and the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board and underscores the significance of AI across economic, industrial,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-21", "title": "PDPC investigation into company selling goods online for alleged breach of the Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/8539", "description": "On 21 August 2024, the Thai Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) imposed its first administrative fine for breach of the Personal Data Protection Act against an unnamed company trading goods online. In particular, the PDPC imposed a TBH 7 million fine and ordered corrective actions on the company after finding it had disclosed personal data without consent to unauthorised persons, specifically, a call center that used personal data to commit fraud.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-06", "title": "Cybersecurity provisions in Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/A/069/T_0052.PDF", "description": "On 1 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) will enter into force. \n It mandates that data controllers implement security measures to prevent unauthorized or unlawful access, use, alteration, or disclosure of personal data, with regular reviews to ensure their effectiveness. In the event of a data breach, controllers are required to notify the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee within 72 hours and inform affected individuals if the breach poses significant risks to t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-06", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2562/A/069/T_0052.PDF", "description": "On 1 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) will enter into force. The PDPA introduces the \"Personal Data Protection Committee\" as the main regulator for data protection, and is delegated to determine measures and sanctions concerning PDPA compliance and establish guidelines for personal data controllers and processors. The PDPA establishes the main legal bases to process personal data (consent, contract, public interest, legitimate interest of data controller). The Personal Data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "title": "ETDA guidelines for managing the sale of goods requiring product standards on digital platform services (no. 4/2567)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Regulator/DigitalPlatform/law/ETDAAnnounce_DPS4_2Sep67_Product-standards_Signed.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 2 September 2024, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency's (ETDA) guidelines for managing the sale of goods requiring product standards on digital platform services (no. 4/2567) entered into force. The guidelines aim to establish regulations for the sale and advertisement of goods that must meet legally mandated standards on digital platforms, ensuring that these products are credible, comply with the required standards, and prevent any potential harm to consumers. Furthermore, the...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-18", "title": "Royal Decree on Business Operations that Use Artificial Intelligence Systems", "url": "https://bact.cc/f/2022/10/202210-draft-service-business-that-use-ai-regulation-hearing-chula-onde.pdf", "description": "On 18 October 2022, the Draft Royal Decree on Business Operations that Use Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems was published by the Office of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission (ONDE). The decree would aim to ensure transparency, safety, and fairness in the use of AI systems while also enhancing public trust and preventing potential harm. Furthermore, the decree outlines specific definitions for AI-related terms, such as AI services, providers, users, importers, and distribu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Promotion and Support Act", "url": "https://www.law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=MTc0NERHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) closed its public consultation on the draft of the Artificial Intelligence Promotion and Support Act. The Act would establish a robust framework to promote and support AI innovation in the country. Furthermore, the Act focuses on creating an AI ecosystem through public-private collaboration, establishing AI Innovation Testing Centers, and facilitating research and development. In addition, it outlines the importance of a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "ETDA Notification regarding Al Sandbox", "url": "https://www.law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=MTc1NERHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) closed its public consultation on the draft Notification regarding Artificial Intelligence (Al) Sandbox. In particular, the ETDA has proposed the creation of an AI Innovation Testing Center (AI Sandbox) in Thailand to provide a dedicated space for testing and developing AI technologies in a controlled environment. This initiative addresses the current lack of facilities and legal frameworks for structured AI testing. AI d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "DE and ETDA Generative AI Governance Guideline", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/AI_Gov_Anual.aspx", "description": "On 30 October 2024, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (DE) and the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA), through the AI Governance Center (AIGC), jointly issued the generative artificial intelligence (AI) governance guideline for organisations. The guideline is organised into five sections, each designed to guide organisations in the responsible and effective deployment of generative AI. The first section, understanding generative AI, lays the foundation with definition...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "SEC Amendments to the Royal Degree on Digital Asset Businesses", "url": "https://www.sec.or.th/TH/Pages/News_Detail.aspx?SECID=11365&NewsNo=255&NewsYear=2567&Lang=TH", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the Office of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of Thailand closed a public consultation on the draft Act to Amend the Digital Asset Business Emergency Decree. It grants the SEC Office the authority to conduct joint investigations with other investigators in certain criminal cases related to digital assets. The act also introduces provisions for consumer protection, including requirements for disclosure, risk management, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Furt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "PDPC guideline on data breach notification requirements", "url": "https://www.pdpc.or.th/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PDPC-consultation-46.pdf", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) released a guideline clarifying personal data breach notification obligations. According to the guideline, data controllers are not required to notify the PDPC if a breach, based on a risk assessment, poses no risk to individuals' rights and freedoms. However, if the breach poses a risk to individuals, the notification must be submitted within 72 hours of confirming the breach, excluding the time needed for further investigati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "National Cyber Security Agency's revised cybersecurity guidelines and standards framework", "url": "https://www.ncsa.or.th/news/f418fbf9373863df4200007c?category=news", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the National Cyber Security Committee (ONCSA) closes the public consultation on modifications to the 2021 cybersecurity guidelines and standards framework for government agencies and critical information infrastructure, until 15 August 2025. The consultation is open to public, private, and civil society input. The consultation aims to ensure the revised standards reflect modern cyber threats and evolving technological conditions, with ONCSA encouraging broad participation t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Guidelines on use of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://drive.ncsa.or.th/s/MbromMFf4ejmTDD?dir=/&editing=false&openfile=true", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the National Cyber Security Commission closes the consultation on the draft guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI). The draft explains AI and generative AI concepts and distinguishes between safe content (such as general, factual, creative, and educational material) and dangerous content requiring caution. Dangerous content includes inaccurate or outdated information, references to specific companies or products, controversial material, content requiring expert...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-08-15", "title": "Thailand’s AI strategy to boost economic and social wellbeing", "url": "", "description": "Thailand’s main challenges will be to develop the human capacity and skills for an AI ecosystem.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰国的人工智能战略促进经济和社会福祉", "description_zh": "泰国的主要挑战将是培养人工智能生态系统的人员能力和技能。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 August 2021", "title": "Criteria on Storing Computer Traffic Data of Service Providers B.E. 2564 (2021)", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/service/detail/4579", "description": "On 13 August 2021, the Criteria on Storing Computer Traffic Data of Service Providers B.E. 2564 (2021) of the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society entered into force. The Criteria require various service providers, including telecommunications operators, social media, app stores and internet service providers, to respect certain criteria in the storage of user data. In particular, the service providers are required to implement security measures and retain for a minimum time certain comput...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "服务提供商计算机流量数据存储标准2564 (2021)", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 13 日，B.E. 服务提供商计算机流量数据存储标准数字经济和社会部第2564（2021）号生效。该标准要求各种服务提供商，包括电信运营商、社交媒体、应用商店和互联网服务提供商，在存储用户数据时遵守某些标准。特别是，服务提供商必须实施安全措施并在最短的时间内保留某些计算..." }, { "date": "9 July 2022", "title": "Guidelines for obtaining consent from data subjects under the PDPA", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law", "description": "On 7 September 2022, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society of Thailand published the “Guidelines for obtaining consent from data subjects under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)” issued by the Personal Data Protection Commission of Thailand. The Guidelines lay out in detail the cases where the PDPA requires the data controller to notify the data subject on the collection, use, or disclosure of their personal data. In addition, the Guidelines outline the criteria for requesting con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据 PDPA 获得数据主体同意的指南", "description_zh": "2022年9月7日，泰国数字经济和社会部公布了泰国个人数据保护委员会发布的《根据《个人数据保护法》（PDPA）获得数据主体同意的指南》。该指南详细列出了 PDPA 要求数据控制者就收集、使用或披露个人数据的情况通知数据主体的情况。此外，该指南概述了请求con...的标准" }, { "date": "16 January 2023", "title": "Digital Assets Custody Regulation including mandatory management system for asset safety", "url": "https://www.sec.or.th/EN/Pages/News_Detail.aspx?SECID=9827", "description": "On 16 January 2023, Thailand’s Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) implemented regulations mandating digital asset business operators offering clients' digital asset custody services to implement a digital wallet management system that can efficiently manage the custody of digital assets and keys while ensuring the safety of clients' assets. These regulations impose specific requirements such as establishing policies, guidelines, and procedures for overseeing risk management, digital wal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字资产托管监管包括资产安全强制管理制度", "description_zh": "2023年1月16日，泰国证券交易委员会（SEC）实施法规，要求为客户提供数字资产托管服务的数字资产业务运营商实施数字钱包管理系统，能够有效管理数字资产和密钥的托管，同时确保客户资产的安全。这些法规提出了具体要求，例如制定监督风险管理、数字沃尔……的政策、指南和程序。" }, { "date": "5 March 2023", "title": "Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (DES) and 16 banks", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/6842", "description": "On 3 May 2023, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) of Thailand and 16 banks signed a memorandum of Cooperation to strengthen public resilience against online fraud and fake news by integrating online fraud awareness services and providing access to accurate news on banking applications.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字经济与社会部（DES）与16家银行签署合作备忘录", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 3 日，泰国数字经济与社会部 (MDES) 与 16 家银行签署了一份合作备忘录，通过整合在线欺诈意识服务并在银行应用程序上提供准确新闻的访问权限，增强公众抵御在线欺诈和虚假新闻的能力。" }, { "date": "21 August 2023", "title": "Ministry of Digital Economy and Society Lawsuit against Facebook for allegedly not removing scam advertisements", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/7229", "description": "On 21 August 2023, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) announced its intention to initiate legal proceedings against Facebook. The MDES stated that Facebook did not, as asked by the Ministry, remove advertisements for \"scams\" such as crypto trading or other investments. According to section 15 of the Computer Crime Act, any service provider who cooperates, consents, or conspires to commit an offence in a computer system under their control shall be liable to the same penalty as...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字经济和社会部起诉Facebook涉嫌不删除诈骗广告", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 21 日，数字经济和社会部 (MDES) 宣布打算对 Facebook 提起法律诉讼。 MDES 表示，Facebook 并未按照该部的要求删除加密货币交易或其他投资等“诈骗”广告。根据《计算机犯罪法》第 15 条，任何服务提供商合作、同意或共谋在其控制下的计算机系统中实施犯罪的，应受到与...相同的处罚。" }, { "date": "24 March 2024", "title": "Rules on the criteria for protecting personal data sent or transferred abroad according to Section 28 of PDPA", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/14915.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2024, Thailand’s Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) implemented rules regarding the criteria for protecting personal data sent or transferred abroad according to Section 28 of the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). The order outlines the rules for the adoption of an adequacy decision, noting that PDPC will assess the level of protection the countries have and will accept cases proposed by data controllers. Further, it outlines the criteria for sufficient data protection s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据 PDPA 第 28 条，关于保护发送或转移到国外的个人数据的标准的规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 24 日，泰国个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 根据《个人数据保护法》(PDPA) 第 28 条实施了有关保护发送或转移到国外的个人数据标准的规则。该命令概述了通过充分性决定的规则，指出 PDPC 将评估各国拥有的保护水平，并将接受数据控制者提出的案例。此外，它概述了充分数据保护的标准..." }, { "date": "1 March 2024", "title": "ETDA order on details of the terms and conditions notified to the platform users (no. 4/2566)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/DPS_16.aspx", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency’s (ETDA) order on details of the terms and conditions notified to the platform users (no. 4/2566) entered into force. The order applies to platforms that charge for services, act as intermediaries for goods or services, have contracts with businesses to offer goods or services or provide search engine services. Among others, the terms of service must include service conditions, suspension or termination of services, service cha...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ETDA 关于通知平台用户的条款和条件细节的命令（编号 4/2566）", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 3 日，电子交易发展机构 (ETDA) 关于通知平台用户的条款和条件细节的命令（第 4/2566 号）生效。该命令适用于收取服务费用、充当商品或服务中介、与企业签订合同提供商品或服务或提供搜索引擎服务的平台。其中，服务条款必须包括服务条件、服务暂停或终止、服务条款..." }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital for Economy and Society Investigation into Personal Data Trading Network", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/7829-%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5-PDPC-%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A--%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5", "description": "On 15 February 2024, the Ministry of Digital for Economic and Social Affairs (MICT) of Thailand announced the findings of investigations into the personal data trading networks, which resulted in the arrest of nine individuals involved in the illegal trade of personal information. This action was the result of a collaborative effort between the MICT, the Police Headquarters Investigation Technological Crime, the Office of the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC), and the Office of the N...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经济社会数字化部对个人数据交易网络进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 15 日，泰国经济和社会数字事务部 (MICT) 公布了对个人数据交易网络的调查结果，逮捕了 9 名参与非法个人信息交易的个人。这一行动是 MICT、警察总部调查技术犯罪、个人数据保护委员会办公室 (PDPC) 和国家信息安全办公室共同努力的结果。" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Committee Criteria for Deletion or Destruction of Personal Data, or Making Personal Data Unidentifiable", "url": "https://law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=MzkxM0RHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) closes the public consultation on the draft Criteria for Deletion or Destruction of Personal Data, or Making Personal Data Unidentifiable. The draft aims to establish guidelines for data controllers on how to handle requests from data subjects to delete, destroy, or anonymize their personal data in compliance with Section 33 of the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019). In particular, the data controllers are required to c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会删除或销毁个人数据或使个人数据无法识别的标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 27 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 结束了关于删除或销毁个人数据或使个人数据无法识别的标准草案的公众咨询。该草案旨在为数据控制者制定指导方针，指导如何处理数据主体根据《个人数据保护法 B.E》第 33 条删除、销毁或匿名化其个人数据的请求。 2562（2019）。特别是，数据控制者需要..." }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital Economy and Technology Crime Suppression Division investigation into technology crimes including online gambling", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/8379", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) issued a statement on the \"FINAL BET\" operation addressing ongoing efforts to combat online crime using AI technology and warning the public against participating in online gambling. In particular, the MDES stated that the \"FINAL BET\" operation, targeting and dismantling five major online gambling networks, is seizing assets exceeding THB 360 million. The operation involved coordinated efforts with the Anti-Cybercrime Division...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字经济和技术部犯罪抑制司调查网络赌博等科技犯罪", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 5 日，数字经济和社会部 (MDES) 发布了关于“FINAL BET”行动的声明，阐述了利用人工智能技术打击网络犯罪的持续努力，并警告公众不要参与在线赌博。特别是，MDES 表示，针对并摧毁五个主要在线赌博网络的“FINAL BET”行动正在扣押超过 3.6 亿泰铢的资产。该行动涉及与反网络犯罪部门的协调努力......" }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "Prime Minister order requiring expedition of suppression of false news and information on social media", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/8419-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7-%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5-%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A--%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C--%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1--%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95--%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AF", "description": "On 16 July 2024, the Prime Minister adopted an order requiring the expedition of the suppression of false news and information on social media. The order addresses misinformation on social media and various platforms that may mislead the public about individuals and significant government initiatives, including the Digital Wallet project. Under the order, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society and the Technology Crime Suppression Division (TCSD) will establish a working group to analyse ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总理命令要求加大力度压制社交媒体上的虚假新闻和信息", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 16 日，总理通过一项命令，要求加大力度压制社交媒体上的虚假新闻和信息。该命令解决了社交媒体和各种平台上可能误导公众有关个人和重大政府举措（包括数字钱包项目）的错误信息。根据该命令，数字经济和社会部和技术犯罪抑制司（TCSD）将成立​​一个工作组来分析......" }, { "date": "25 December 2022", "title": "Ministry of Digital Economy and Society order on procedures for notifying, suspending the dissemination, and removing illegal computer data from service providers' systems (B.E. 2565)", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law/detail/6193", "description": "On 25 December 2022, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) implemented the updated procedures for notifying, suspending the dissemination, and removing illegal computer data from service providers' systems (B.E. 2565). The procedures provide clear definitions of key terms such as \"computer system,\" \"computer data,\" \"service provider,\" \"user,\" \"social media,\" and \"illegal data location. Service providers and social media platforms that adhere to the notice and takedown policy are ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字经济和社会部关于通知、暂停传播和从服务提供商系统中删除非法计算机数据的程序的命令（B.E. 2565）", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 25 日，数字经济和社会部 (MDES) 实施了通知、暂停传播和从服务提供商系统中删除非法计算机数据的更新程序 (B.E. 2565)。该程序对“计算机系统”、“计算机数据”、“服务提供商”、“用户”、“社交媒体”和“非法数据位置”等关键术语提供了明确的定义。遵守通知和删除政策的服务提供商和社交媒体平台......" }, { "date": "26 August 2020", "title": "MDES cinvestigation into llegal content displayed on social media platforms", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/3057", "description": "On 26 August 2020, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) confirmed the removal of 1,276 URLs of illegal content by social media platforms following court orders. In addition, 1,024 new notifications have been sent to platforms, including Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and other websites, to block further illegal content. The MDES emphasises that this process is non-discriminatory and follows legal procedures. Furthermore, Minister Buddhipongse Punnakanta stated that previous notific...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MDES 对社交媒体平台上显示的非法内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2020 年 8 月 26 日，数字经济和社会部 (MDES) 确认，根据法院命令，社交媒体平台删除了 1,276 个非法内容 URL。此外，还向 Facebook、YouTube、Twitter 和其他网站等平台发送了 1,024 条新通知，以阻止进一步的非法内容。 MDES 强调，这一过程是非歧视性的，并遵循法律程序。此外，Buddhipongse Punnakanta 部长表示，之前的通知......" }, { "date": "6 March 2021", "title": "MDES investigation into major social media accounts disrupting national stability", "url": "https://mdes.go.th/index.php/news/detail/4402", "description": "On 3 June 2021, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (MDES) announced that the court had ordered the shutdown of eight major social media accounts known for spreading fake news and causing national disruption. In particular, the accounts include Pavin Chachavalpongpun, Andrew MacGregor Marshall, and Royalist Marketplace – Talad Luang, among others. The MDES emphasised that these actions target specific unlawful content and not entire platforms. Furthermore, MDES stressed the importance...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MDES 对破坏国家稳定的主要社交媒体账户进行调查", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 3 日，数字经济和社会部 (MDES) 宣布，法院已下令关闭 8 个因传播虚假新闻并造成国家混乱而闻名的主要社交媒体账户。特别是，这些账户包括 Pavin Chachavalpongpun、Andrew MacGregor Marshall 和 Royalist Marketplace – Talad Luang 等。 MDES 强调，这些行动针对的是特定的非法内容，而不是整个平台。此外，MDES 强调了重要性……" }, { "date": "21 June 2022", "title": "PDPC order on security measures of personal data controllers B.E. 2565 (2022)", "url": "https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2565/E/140/T_0028.PDF", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) order on security measures for personal data controllers enters into force. The order mandates personal data controllers to implement appropriate security measures. The regulation encompasses protective actions, including organisational, technical, and possibly physical measures, tailored to the risk level, nature, and purpose of data handling. It also specifies requirements for risk management, incident response, and the mainte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 关于个人数据控制者安全措施的命令 B.E. 2565 (2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 21 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 关于个人数据控制者安全措施的命令生效。该命令要求个人数据控制者实施适当的安全措施。该法规涵盖保护措施，包括根据数据处理的风险级别、性质和目的量身定制的组织、技术和可能的物理措施。它还规定了风险管理、事件响应和维护的要求..." }, { "date": "17 December 2022", "title": "PDPC order criteria and procedures for preparing and retaining records of personal data processing activities for personal data processors", "url": "https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2565/E/140/T_0026.PDF", "description": "On 17 December 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) order on the criteria and procedures for preparing and retaining records of personal data processing activities entered into force. The order was issued under the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) and outlines the requirements for personal data processors in Thailand to maintain detailed records of their data processing activities. These records must include information on the data processor and controller, the t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 为个人数据处理者准备和保留个人数据处理活动记录的命令标准和程序", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 17 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 关于准备和保留个人数据处理活动记录的标准和程序的命令生效。该命令是根据《B.E. 个人数据保护法》发布的。 2562 (2019) 并概述了泰国个人数据处理者保存其数据处理活动详细记录的要求。这些记录必须包括有关数据处理者和控制者的信息，..." }, { "date": "21 June 2022", "title": "PDPC order on exemption from record-keeping for data controllers that are small businesses, B.E. 2565 (2022)", "url": "https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2565/E/140/T_0024.PDF", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) order PDPC order on exemption from record-keeping for data controllers that are small businesses B.E. 2565 (2022) enters into force. The exemption aims to alleviate administrative burdens on small businesses, including SMEs, community enterprises, social enterprises, cooperatives, non-profit organizations, and household businesses, by exempting them from data record-keeping requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 命令免除小型企业数据控制者的记录保存，B.E. 2565 (2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 21 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 下令免除小型企业数据控制者的记录保存。第 2565 (2022) 号法令生效。该豁免旨在通过免除数据记录保存要求，减轻小型企业（包括中小企业、社区企业、社会企业、合作社、非营利组织和家庭企业）的行政负担。" }, { "date": "21 June 2022", "title": "PDPC guidelines for consideration of administrative fines by the expert committee B.E. 2565 (2022)", "url": "https://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2565/E/140/T_0032.PDF", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) guidelines for consideration of administrative fines by the expert committee B.E. 2565 (2022) entered into force. The guideline outlines the criteria for imposing fines on data controllers, processors, or others who violate the law, detailing procedures for notification, assessment, and enforcement of fines, including seizure and auction of assets if fines are not paid. It emphasizes the importance of considering factors like th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 专家委员会审议行政罚款指南 B.E. 2565 (2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 21 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 专家委员会 B.E. 考虑行政罚款的指南。第2565（2022）号法令生效。该指南概述了对数据控制者、处理者或其他违法者处以罚款的标准，详细说明了罚款的通知、评估和执行程序，包括如果不缴纳罚款则扣押和拍卖资产。它强调了考虑诸如...等因素的重要性。" }, { "date": "15 December 2022", "title": "PDPC criteria and procedures for reporting personal data breaches B.E. 2565", "url": "https://shorturl.at/rylgn", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) criteria and procedures for reporting personal data breaches B.E. 2565 entered into force. The order defines a personal data breach as unauthorised or unlawful loss, access, use, alteration, or disclosure of personal data. Data controllers must assess, verify, and mitigate breaches, notifying the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee within 72 hours if a breach occurs if it poses high risks to individuals' rights ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 报告个人数据泄露的标准和程序2565", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 15 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 报告个人数据泄露的标准和程序 B.E. 2565年生效。该命令将个人数据泄露定义为未经授权或非法丢失、访问、使用、更改或披露个人数据。数据控制者必须评估、验证和减轻违规行为，如果发生违规行为并对个人权利构成高风险，则必须在 72 小时内通知个人数据保护委员会办公室……" }, { "date": "9 July 2022", "title": "PDPC guidelines for notifying the purpose and details of collecting personal data from data subjects based on Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562", "url": "https://www.dataguidance.com/sites/default/files/information_provision_guidelines.pdf", "description": "On 7 September 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) adopted guidelines for notifying the purpose and details of collecting personal data from data subjects according to the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562. The guidelines specify that data controllers must clearly inform data subjects about the purposes, methods, and retention periods for collecting personal data, as well as their rights regarding consent, access, and correction. Notifications should be presented in an ea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 指南，用于通知根据《B.E. 个人数据保护法》从数据主体收集个人数据的目的和细节。 2562", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 7 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 通过了关于根据《B.E. 个人数据保护法》通知从数据主体收集个人数据的目的和细节的指南。 2562. 指南规定，数据控制者必须明确告知数据主体收集个人数据的目的、方法和保留期限，以及同意、访问和更正的权利。通知应以电子方式呈现..." }, { "date": "16 November 2022", "title": "ETDA inquiry into establishing a testing center for evaluating Artificial Intelligence technology work models", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Our-Service/AIGC/Research-and-Recommendation/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93_AI-testing-center-25651116.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 16 November 2022, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) published the Study Report on establishing a testing center for evaluating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology work models. The report outlines the plan for setting up an AI testing center in Thailand to ensure AI technologies are reliable, ethical, and competitive internationally. Furthermore, the report defines AI, categorises it into systems that mimic human thought and those that operate logically, and details ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ETDA询问建立评估人工智能技术工作模型的测试中心", "description_zh": "2022年11月16日，电子交易发展局（ETDA）发布了《关于建立人工智能（AI）技术工作模型评估测试中心的研究报告》。该报告概述了在泰国设立人工智能测试中心的计划，以确保人工智能技术的可靠性、道德性和国际竞争力。此外，该报告定义了人工智能，将其分为模仿人类思维的系统和逻辑运行的系统，并详细说明了......" }, { "date": "15 December 2022", "title": "PDPC guideline for personal data breach risk assessment and reporting", "url": "Guideline Manual for Risk Assessment and Reporting Personal Data Breaches", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) adopted a guideline for risk assessment and reporting personal data breaches. The guideline serves as a reference for personal data controllers on the procedures for reporting breaches to the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee and the affected data subjects. It outlines the obligations under the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) for controllers to report breaches within 72 hours of awareness unless th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 个人数据泄露风险评估和报告指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 15 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 通过了风险评估和报告个人数据泄露指南。该指南可作为个人数据控制者向个人数据保护委员会办公室和受影响的数据主体报告违规行为的程序的参考。它概述了《个人数据保护法 B.E.》规定的义务。 2562 (2019) 要求控制者在发现后 72 小时内报告违规行为，除非..." }, { "date": "8 May 2024", "title": "MDES investigation into online crimes related to Digital Wallet project", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/8481", "description": "On 5 August 2024, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society issued an order based on the investigation into online crimes relating to the THB 10’000 top-up project through the digital wallet scheme, which opened for registration on 1 August 2024. The digital wallet scheme aims to promote local money circulation and provides THB 10’000 in digital currency to citizens over 16 years old with an annual income below THB 840’000 and bank deposits under THB 500’000. The investigation found six fak...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MDES 对与数字钱包项目相关的网络犯罪进行调查", "description_zh": "2024年8月5日，数字经济和社会部发布命令，调查通过数字钱包计划进行的10,000泰铢充值项目相关的网络犯罪，该计划于2024年8月1日开放注册。该数字钱包计划旨在促进当地货币流通，向年收入低于84万泰铢、银行存款在泰铢以下的16岁以上公民提供10,000泰铢的数字货币500'000。经调查，发现六起虚假..." }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Criteria and Procedures for Issuing Orders by the Expert Committee under the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law/detail/7034", "description": "On 22 June 2023, the Criteria and Procedures for Issuing Orders by the Expert Committee under the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562, which aligns with Section 16(4) in conjunction with Section 74, paragraph five of the Act, entered into force. It specifies that, unless stated otherwise, the Administrative Procedures Act will apply mutatis mutandis in issuing orders related to data protection. The orders must detail essential facts, legal provisions, and the rationale for decisions, signe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "专家委员会根据《个人数据保护法》发布命令的标准和程序2562", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 22 日，专家委员会根据《个人数据保护法》发布命令的标准和程序第 2562 条与该法第 74 条第 5 款一致，与第 16(4) 条一致，现已生效。它规定，除非另有说明，行政程序法将比照适用于发布与数据保护有关的命令。命令必须详细说明基本事实、法律规定以及决定的理由、签署..." }, { "date": "13 December 2023", "title": "PDPC order on appointment of data protection officers under PDPA B.E. 2566 (2023)", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/uploads/tinymce/source/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%20%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%20dpo%20%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%2041(2).pdf", "description": "On 13 December 2023, the Personal Data Protection Committee’s (PDPC) order on the requirement for data controllers and data processors to appoint data protection officers (DPO) enters into force. It specifies that data controllers and processors handling large-scale personal data processing activities, especially those requiring regular monitoring, must appoint a DPO. Large-scale collection, use, or disclosure of personal data includes instances where the data is part of core activities invol...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PDPC 根据 PDPA B.E. 任命数据保护官员的命令2566 (2023)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 13 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 关于数据控制者和数据处理者任命数据保护官 (DPO) 的要求的命令生效。它规定，处理大规模个人数据处理活动的数据控制者和处理者，特别是那些需要定期监控的活动，必须任命一名 DPO。大规模收集、使用或披露个人数据包括数据是涉及……的核心活动的一部分的情况。" }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "CSSC order delegating authority to act on behalf of Cybersecurity Supervisory Committee B.E. 2565 (2022)", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law/detail/6194-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9A-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1--%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1--%E0%B8%9E-%E0%B8%A8--%E0%B9%92%E0%B9%95%E0%B9%96%E0%B9%95", "description": "On 17 October 2022, the Cyber Security Supervisory Committee’s (CSSC) regulations of the Cybersecurity Supervisory Committee on delegating authority to act on behalf of the Cybersecurity Supervisory Committee B.E. 2565 (2022) to delegate authority for managing severe cybersecurity threats entered into force. These regulations, established under the Cybersecurity Act B.E. 2562 (2019), enable the delegation of authority to the Severe Cyber Threat Response Committee or the Secretary-General. Acc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CSSC命令授权代表网络安全监督委员会B.E. 2565 (2022)", "description_zh": "2022年10月17日，网络安全监督委员会（CSSC）《网络安全监督委员会关于授权代表网络安全监督委员会B.E.的规定》授权管理严重网络安全威胁的第 2565 (2022) 号法令生效。这些法规根据《B.E. 网络安全法》制定。第 2562 (2019) 号法案，将权力授予严重网络威胁响应委员会或秘书长。附..." }, { "date": "24 August 2021", "title": "Establishment, Duties, and Powers of the National Computer Security Coordination Center, 2021", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17175300.pdf", "description": "On 24 August 2021, the National Cybersecurity Committee implemented the establishment of the National Computer Security Coordination Center, as mandated by the Cybersecurity Act of 2019. This center, operating within the Office of the National Cybersecurity Committee, is tasked with monitoring cyber threat risks, tracking, analyzing, and processing cyber threat information, and issuing warnings. The announcement defines the duties and powers of the centre, including developing criteria for in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021年国家计算机安全协调中心的设立、职责和权力", "description_zh": "2021年8月24日，国家网络安全委员会根据2019年《网络安全法》的规定，成立国家计算机安全协调中心。该中心隶属于国家网络安全委员会办公室，负责网络威胁风险监测、网络威胁信息跟踪、分析、处理和预警。该公告定义了该中心的职责和权力，包括制定......" }, { "date": "23 August 2022", "title": "NCSC characteristics, duties, and responsibilities of the computer security coordination center for critical information infrastructure", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17175302.pdf", "description": "On 23 August 2022, the National Cyber Security Committee’s (NCSC) characteristics, duties, and responsibilities of the Computer Security Coordination Centre for Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) agencies and related missions or services entered into force. The order, under the Cybersecurity Act B.E. 2562 (2019), mandates government agencies with the capacity or those overseeing CII to establish or operate such centres. These centres are tasked with coordinating, monitoring, responding...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 关键信息基础设施计算机安全协调中心的特点、职责和责任", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 23 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 关键信息基础设施 (CII) 机构计算机安全协调中心及相关任务或服务的特征、职责和责任生效。根据《网络安全法 B.E》，该命令第 2562 (2019) 号法令，授权有能力或监督 CII 的政府机构建立或运营此类中心。这些中心的任务是协调、监控、响应……" }, { "date": "24 August 2021", "title": "NCSC criteria for defining organisations with missions or services as critical information infrastructure and assigning oversight and regulation", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17175488.pdf", "description": "On 24 August 2021, the National Cyber Security Committee (NCSC) implemented an order establishing criteria for defining organisations with missions or services as critical information infrastructure. This order, under the Cybersecurity Act B.E. 2562, aims to identify organisations whose operations are vital for national security, economic stability, and public health, among others, ensuring they fall under appropriate regulatory oversight. It defines the roles and services of various governme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 将具有使命或服务的组织定义为关键信息基础设施并分配监督和监管的标准", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 24 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 实施了一项命令，制定标准，将具有关键信息基础设施任务或服务的组织定义为标准。根据《B.E. 网络安全法》，该命令2562，旨在识别其运营对国家安全、经济稳定和公共卫生等至关重要的组织，确保它们受到适当的监管。它定义了各种政府的角色和服务..." }, { "date": "9 June 2023", "title": "NCSC NCSC criteria and fee rates for fees, maintenance, compensation, and services for operations", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/law/detail/7309", "description": "On 6 September 2023, the National Cyber Security Committee’s (NCSC) criteria and fee rates for fees, maintenance, compensation, and services for operations entered into force. It outlines the rules and fee structures for services provided by the agency. It details the types of fees, including those for using information systems, conducting surveys, and training, as well as the rates for certification of cybersecurity service providers. The announcement specifies how fees should be calculated,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC NCSC 费用、维护、补偿和运营服务的标准和费率", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 6 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 的收费、维护、补偿和运营服务标准和费率生效。它概述了该机构提供的服务的规则和费用结构。它详细说明了费用类型，包括信息系统使用费、调查费、培训费以及网络安全服务提供商认证费率。该公告明确了费用的计算方式，..." }, { "date": "9 June 2022", "title": "CSSC Code of Conduct and Framework Standards for Cybersecurity for Government Agencies and Critical Information Infrastructure Organizations, B.E. 2564 (2021)", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17176753.pdf", "description": "On 6 September 2022, the Cyber Security Supervisory Committee's (CSSC) Code of Conduct and Framework Standards for Cybersecurity for Government Agencies and Critical Information Infrastructure Organizations, B.E. 2564 (2021), entered into force. The code sets minimum cybersecurity measures for government agencies and critical information infrastructure organisations. It mandates the establishment of a cybersecurity framework, including risk assessment, incident response, and data protection m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CSSC 政府机构和关键信息基础设施组织网络安全行为准则和框架标准，B.E. 2564 (2021)", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 6 日，网络安全监督委员会 (CSSC) 发布了政府机构和关键信息基础设施组织网络安全行为准则和框架标准，B.E.第2564（2021）号法令，生效。该准则为政府机构和关键信息基础设施组织设定了最低限度的网络安全措施。它要求建立网络安全框架，包括风险评估、事件响应和数据保护措施..." }, { "date": "12 December 2021", "title": "NCSC order on Types of Cyber Threats, Prevention Measures, Response, Assessment, Suppression, and Mitigation of Cyber Threats at Each Level, B.E. 2564 (2021)", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17190586.pdf", "description": "On 12 December 2021, the National Cyber Security Committee (NCSC) implemented Types of Cyber Threats, Prevention Measures, Response, Assessment, Suppression, and Mitigation of Cyber Threats at Each Level, B.E. 2564 (2021). This regulation outlines the classification of cyber threats into non-severe, severe, and critical categories and establishes guidelines for the prevention, response, assessment, suppression, and mitigation of these threats across various sectors. It details the identificat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 关于网络威胁类型、预防措施、响应、评估、抑制和缓解各级网络威胁的命令，B.E. 2564 (2021)", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 12 日，国家网络安全委员会（NCSC）实施了各级网络威胁的类型、预防措施、响应、评估、抑制和缓解，B.E. 2564（2021）。该法规将网络威胁分为非严重、严重和关键类别，并为各部门预防、响应、评估、抑制和缓解这些威胁制定了指导方针。它详细说明了身份..." }, { "date": "21 August 2023", "title": "Quality of service requirement in Royal Decree on the Operation of Digital Platform Service Businesses", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Regulator/DigitalPlatform/law/Clean-Royal-Decree-on-DP-Corrected-1.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 21 August 2023, the Royal Decree on the Operation of Digital Platform Service Businesses B.E. 2565 (2022) entered into force. The decree requires online platform providers, including search engine services, to notify users of their terms and conditions before or at the time of using the platform. These terms must include details such as service use, suspension, termination, and fee structures. They should also outline the main parameters of the algorithms or criteria used to rank or recomm...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于数字平台服务业务运营的皇家法令中的服务质量要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 21 日，关于数字平台服务业务运营的皇家法令 B.E.第2565（2022）号法令生效。该法令要求在线平台提供商（包括搜索引擎服务）在使用平台之前或使用平台时通知用户其条款和条件。这些条款必须包括服务使用、暂停、终止和费用结构等详细信息。他们还应该概述用于排名或推荐的算法或标准的主要参数......" }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "ETDA guidelines for managing advertisements on digital platforms (no. 3/2567)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Regulator/DigitalPlatform/law/ETDAAnnounce_DPF3_11Jun67_AD_Manual_Signed.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency's (ETDA) guidelines for managing advertisements on digital platforms (no. 3/2567) entered into force. The guidelines aim to prevent fraudulent activities, illegal product or service offerings, and unlawful solicitation through advertisements on digital platforms. Furthermore, the guidelines aim to help digital platforms to establish effective self-regulation mechanisms to ensure that ads are credible, transparent, and verifiable....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ETDA 数字平台广告管理指南（编号 3/2567）", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 11 日，电子交易发展局 (ETDA) 数字平台广告管理指南（第 3/2567 号）生效。该准则旨在防止欺诈活动、非法产品或服务提供以及通过数字平台上的广告进行非法招揽。此外，该指南旨在帮助数字平台建立有效的自律机制，确保广告可信、透明、可验证……" }, { "date": "18 January 2025", "title": "NCSC Standards for Defining Characteristics and Cybersecurity for Information Systems or Critical Infrastructures B.E. 2566 (2023)", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17286.pdf", "description": "On 18 January 2025, the National Cyber Security Committee’s (NCSC) cybersecurity standards aimed at defining characteristics and ensuring the security of information systems or critical infrastructures enter into force. The standard was issued under the Cybersecurity Act and establishes a risk-based security classification for organisations’ data or information systems. Organisations must perform a self-assessment based on three key security objectives: confidentiality, integrity, and availab...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "用于定义信息系统或关键基础设施特征和网络安全的 NCSC 标准2566 (2023)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 18 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 旨在定义特征并确保信息系统或关键基础设施安全的网络安全标准生效。该标准是根据《网络安全法》发布的，为组织的数据或信息系统建立了基于风险的安全分类。组织必须根据三个关键安全目标进行自我评估：机密性、完整性和可用性..." }, { "date": "18 January 2025", "title": "NCSC Minimum Standards for Data and Information Systems B.E. 2566 (2023)", "url": "https://drive.ncsa.or.th/s/ePdGacE4YkoQDZP", "description": "On 18 January 2025, the National Cyber Security Committee’s (NCSC) order on the minimum standards for data and information systems B.E. 2566 entered into force. These standards outline cybersecurity control measures to improve the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical national information systems. Organisations must implement measures based on their risk levels (low, medium, and high). The measures include risk assessments, incident response plans, asset management, and cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 数据和信息系统最低标准 B.E. 2566 (2023)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 18 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 关于数据和信息系统 B.E. 最低标准的命令2566 生效。这些标准概述了网络安全控制措施，以提高关键国家信息系统的机密性、完整性和可用性。组织必须根据其风险级别（低、中、高）实施措施。这些措施包括风险评估、事件响应计划、资产管理和网络..." }, { "date": "19 January 2024", "title": "NCSC standards and guidelines for promoting the development of cyber security service systems B.E. 2566 (2023)", "url": "Standards and guidelines for promoting the development of cyber security service systems", "description": "On 19 January 2024, the Standards and Guidelines for Developing Systems to Provide Services Regarding Cybersecurity B.E. 2566 (2023) were implemented. These guidelines mandate cybersecurity service providers to obtain quality certification. The certification process is aimed at evaluating the providers' capabilities in protection, detection, monitoring, alerting, risk reduction, and recovery in cybersecurity incidents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC促进网络安全服务系统发展的标准和指南2566 (2023)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 19 日，B.E. 开发提供网络安全服务的系统的标准和指南。 2566（2023）已实施。这些准则要求网络安全服务提供商获得质量认证。认证过程旨在评估提供商在网络安全事件中的保护、检测、监控、警报、风险降低和恢复方面的能力。" }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in NCSC Standards for the Maintenance of Cybersecurity in Cloud Computing Systems B.E. 2566 (2023)", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/43184.pdf", "description": "On 10 September 2026, the National Cyber Security Committee’s (NCSC) standards for the maintenance of cybersecurity in cloud computing systems B.E. 2566 (2023) enter into force. The standards specify that Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) must implement security measures to protect the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of cloud systems. This includes encryption, access controls, incident management, and compliance with regulations. Both Cloud Service Customers (CSCs) and CSPs share r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 云计算系统网络安全维护标准中的网络安全监管 B.E. 2566 (2023)", "description_zh": "2026 年 9 月 10 日，国家网络安全委员会 (NCSC) 的云计算系统网络安全维护标准 B.E.第 2566 (2023) 号法令生效。该标准规定云服务提供商（CSP）必须实施安全措施来保护云系统的完整性、机密性和可用性。这包括加密、访问控制、事件管理和法规遵从。 云服务客户 (CSC) 和 CSP 共享资源..." }, { "date": "20 June 2024", "title": "CRC order establishing obligations for critical information infrastructure organisations", "url": "https://drive.ncsa.or.th/s/wbGRepMYBf5Y6XA", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Cybersecurity Regulating Committee’s (CRC) order on the obligations of obligations for critical information infrastructure (CII) entered into force. In particular, the CII organisations encompass state and private entities providing essential services in sectors such as national security, finance, and public health. The CII obligations include reporting to the National Cyber Security Agency (NCSA) lists of executive staff and responsible persons, along with emergency cont...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CRC 命令规定了关键信息基础设施组织的义务", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 20 日，网络安全监管委员会 (CRC) 关于关键信息基础设施 (CII) 义务的命令生效。特别是，关键信息基础设施组织包括在国家安全、金融和公共卫生等领域提供基本服务的国家和私营实体。 CII 的义务包括向国家网络安全局 (NCSA) 报告执行人员和负责人的名单，以及紧急情况控制..." }, { "date": "19 August 2023", "title": "ETDA Notification regarding AI Risk Assessment", "url": "https://www.law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=MjM4M0RHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "On 19 August 2023, the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) closed its public consultation on the draft Notification regarding AI Risk Assessment. The draft regulation would establish standardised guidelines for assessing and managing risks associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in Thailand. The proposed framework covers four main components: governance, risk mapping, risk measurement, and risk management. Governance involves implementing systematic management mecha...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于人工智能风险评估的 ETDA 通知", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 19 日，电子交易发展机构（ETDA）结束了关于人工智能风险评估通知草案的公众咨询。该法规草案将为泰国人工智能（AI）系统相关风险的评估和管理制定标准化指南。拟议的框架涵盖四个主要组成部分：治理、风险映射、风险衡量和风险管理。治理涉及实施系统化管理机制..." }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Decree for overseeing business services related to Digital Identity Proofing and Authentication Systems requiring a license (No. ThPhS. 1/2566)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Regulator/DigitalID/law/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91-DID.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 22 June 2023, the Decree for overseeing business services related to Digital Identity Proofing and Authentication Systems requiring a license including data protection regulation entered into force. The regulations mandate that service providers implement robust data protection and privacy measures, including secure data collection, storage, and destruction protocols, as well as the management of biometric data. Furthermore, the regulations require the implementation of an incident respons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法令中的数据保护法规，用于监督与需要许可证的数字身份证明和身份验证系统相关的商业服务（第 ThPhS. 1/2566）", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 22 日，监督与数字身份证明和身份验证系统相关的商业服务（需要许可证）的法令生效，其中包括数据保护法规。这些法规要求服务提供商实施强有力的数据保护和隐私措施，包括安全数据收集、存储和销毁协议以及生物识别数据的管理。此外，法规要求实施事件响应......" }, { "date": "19 September 2022", "title": "ETC Standards on Digital Identity Proofing and Authentication No. ThEC 11-2565", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Regulator/DigitalID/law/ETCAnnounce-_15Sep66_Standard-DID_TS.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "On 19 September 2022, the Electronic Transactions Commission (ETC) announced the adoption of the Electronic Transaction Standards on Digital Identity Proofing and Authentication (No. ThEC 11-2565). This comprehensive framework, comprising three volumes, seeks to standardise and enhance the processes of digital identity proofing and authentication throughout Thailand. The standard incorporates the concept of Authentication Assurance Level (AAL), which denotes the degree of confidence in the au...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ETC 数字身份证明和认证标准 No. ThEC 11-2565", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 19 日，电子交易委员会 (ETC) 宣布采用数字身份证明和身份验证电子交易标准（编号 ThEC 11-2565）。该综合框架由三卷组成，旨在标准化和增强整个泰国的数字身份证明和身份验证流程。该标准融入了认证保证级别（AAL）的概念，它表示对认证的信任程度..." }, { "date": "18 January 2025", "title": "PDPC review of Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 and its secondary legislation", "url": "https://www.pdpc.or.th/9716/", "description": "On 18 January 2025, the Office of the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) concluded its consultation on the review of the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 and its secondary laws. The Personal Data Protection Act establishes protections for personal data, outlines the roles of data controllers and processors, and sets guidelines for data security, consent, and breach notifications. It also establishes the PDPC as the supervisory authority and details the rights of data subjects, li...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PDPC 对个人数据保护法 B.E. 的审查第2562章", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 18 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 办公室结束了对《个人数据保护法 B.E.》审查的咨询。第2562章《个人数据保护法》规定了对个人数据的保护，概述了数据控制者和处理者的角色，并制定了数据安全、同意和违规通知的准则。它还建立了 PDPC 作为监督机构，并详细说明了数据主体的权利，例如..." }, { "date": "18 January 2025", "title": "Deputy Prime Minister order for enforcement of personal data protection in mobile devices", "url": "https://www.pdpc.or.th/10012/?__cf_chl_tk=ljZ8sJy8AjGYrpm_xeaoxvmkczoNS0Ln5Rwlaf0PPVY-1738713436-1.0.1.1-scG202d27R0t7SYG5z9wuwkoK7Ho9idcDzpOAw_Fuo4", "description": "On 18 January 2025, the Deputy Prime Minister ordered the Office of the Consumer Protection Board to enforce control over mobile phone distributors and service providers, including brands like Oppo and Realme, to ensure compliance with personal data protection laws. The Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) was tasked with coordinating with relevant agencies to inspect and prevent the installation of illegal applications on mobile phones and tablets. It was also highlighted that data secu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "副总理命令强制执行移动设备中的个人数据保护", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 18 日，副总理命令消费者保护委员会办公室对手机分销商和服务提供商（包括 Oppo 和 Realme 等品牌）实施控制，以确保遵守个人数据保护法。个人数据保护委员会（PDPC）的任务是与相关机构协调，检查和防止在手机和平​​板电脑上安装非法应用程序。还强调了数据安全..." }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Committee guidelines to facilitate compliance with EU General Data Protection Regulation and UK Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pdpc.or.th/pdpc-book/eu-gdpr-uk-dpa/", "description": "On 28 January 2025, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) published guidelines to assist businesses in aligning with the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the United Kingdom's Data Protection Act (DPA). The guidelines focus on the mechanisms for cross-border data transfers, including adequacy decisions, standard contractual clauses (SCCs), binding corporate rules, and specific derogations. The guidelines seek to enhance compliance for organisations in Thai...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会指导方针，以促进遵守欧盟通用数据保护条例和英国数据保护法", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 28 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 发布了指导方针，以帮助企业遵守欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和英国的《数据保护法》(DPA)。该指南重点关注跨境数据传输机制，包括充分性决策、标准合同条款 (SCC)、具有约束力的公司规则和具体减损。该指南旨在提高泰国组织的合规性..." }, { "date": "2 March 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Committee's guidelines on compliance with ASEAN Cross-Border Data Flows Mechanism", "url": "https://www.pdpc.or.th/pdpc-book/aseanpublish/", "description": "On 3 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) of Thailand published guidelines on compliance with the ASEAN Cross-Border Data Flows (CBDF) mechanism. The guide outlines the ASEAN data protection frameworks, including Model Contractual Clauses (MCCs) and ASEAN Certification, and compares these with Thailand's Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). The framework delineates compliance obligations, enforcement mechanisms, and dispute resolution processes. It provides a step-by-s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人资料保护委员会关于遵守东盟跨境数据流动机制的指引", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 3 日，泰国个人数据保护委员会（PDPC）发布了关于遵守东盟跨境数据流（CBDF）机制的指南。该指南概述了东盟数据保护框架，包括示范合同条款 (MCC) 和东盟认证，并将其与泰国的个人数据保护法 (PDPA) 进行了比较。该框架界定了合规义务、执行机制和争议解决流程。它提供了逐步..." }, { "date": "13 April 2025", "title": "Government access to data provisions in Ministerial Regulation No. 2 (B.E. 2568) under the Emergency Decree on Measures for the Prevention and Suppression of Technology Crimes", "url": "https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/67320.pdf", "description": "On 13 April 2025, Ministerial Regulation No. 2 (B.E. 2568) under the Emergency Decree on Measures for the Prevention and Suppression of Technology Crimes entered into force. The Regulation applies to mobile network operators, internet service providers, social media platforms, financial institutions, and other digital intermediaries operating in Thailand. It mandates that service providers retain user identification data and access logs, disclose information to government authorities upon req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《预防和制止技术犯罪措施紧急令》第 2 号部级条例 (B.E. 2568) 中政府获取数据的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 13 日，《预防和制止技术犯罪措施紧急法令》第 2 号部级条例（B.E. 2568）生效。该法规适用于在泰国运营的移动网络运营商、互联网服务提供商、社交媒体平台、金融机构和其他数字中介机构。它要求服务提供商保留用户身份数据和访问日志，并根据要求向政府当局披露信息......" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Bank of Thailand Policy on Risk Management of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems", "url": "https://www.bot.or.th/content/dam/bot/documents/th/laws-and-rules/hearing/120668%20AI%20Guideline%20public%20hearing.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2025, the Bank of Thailand closes its consultation on the draft Policy on Risk Management of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems, which had opened on 12 June 2025. The policy provides financial service providers with appropriate risk management guidelines, aligning with internationally accepted principles. Its objective is to establish a framework for managing AI-related risks based on usage scenarios, supplementing existing guidelines on its risk management, third-party ris...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国银行关于人工智能系统使用风险管理政策的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "泰国央行于 2025 年 6 月 30 日结束了对人工智能系统使用风险管理政策草案的磋商，该政策于 2025 年 6 月 12 日开放。该政策为金融服务提供商提供了适当的风险管理指南，符合国际公认的原则。其目标是建立一个基于使用场景的人工智能相关风险管理框架，补充现有的风险管理指南、第三方风险..." }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "Digital services tax prohibition in United States of America and Thailand's Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/joint-statement-on-a-framework-for-a-united-states-thailand-agreement-on-reciprocal-trade/", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the United States and Thailand announced a Framework for the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Under the Framework, Thailand committed not to impose digital services taxes or measures that “discriminate against US digital services or digital products”.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国的数字服务税禁令与泰国的互惠贸易协议", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 26 日，美国和泰国宣布了互惠贸易协议框架。根据该框架，泰国承诺不征收数字服务税或“歧视美国数字服务或数字产品”的措施。" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Committee investigation into World (formerly Worldcoin) over alleged unlawful iris-scan data collection", "url": "", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) ordered the suspension and deletion of 1.2 million records collected by World (formerly Worldcoin). Earlier, on 17 May 2025, the PDPC noted risks in the project, which asked people to scan their irises with the Orb device in exchange for digital tokens. An on-site inspection showed that World had hired staff to carry out the iris scans.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会对 World（前身为 Worldcoin）涉嫌非法虹膜扫描数据收集进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 24 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPC) 下令暂停和删除 World（原 Worldcoin）收集的 120 万条记录。早些时候，PDPC 于 2025 年 5 月 17 日指出了该项目的风险，该项目要求人们使用 Orb 设备扫描虹膜以换取数字代币。现场检查显示，World公司雇佣了工作人员进行虹膜扫描。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 March 2026", "title": "Securities and Exchange Commission's investigation into Bitazza Global for operating digital asset exchange without license", "url": "https://www.sec.or.th/TH/Pages/News_Detail.aspx?SECID=12581&NewsNo=46&NewsYear=2569&Lang=TH", "description": "On 22 March 2026, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Society’s order blocking access in Thailand to the Bitazza Global platform enters into force under the Emergency Decree on Measures for the Prevention and Suppression of Technology Crimes (No. 2) B.E. 2568 (2025). The Decree authorises the Ministry to block access to unauthorised digital asset trading platforms. The Securities and Exchange Commission previously found that Bitazza Global operated a digital asset exchange in Thailand without...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会对 Bitazza Global 因无牌照经营数字资产交易所展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 22 日，数字经济和社会部根据《预防和制止技术犯罪措施紧急令》（第 2 号）B.E. 禁止在泰国访问 Bitazza Global 平台的命令生效。 2568（2025）。该法令授权该部阻止访​​问未经授权的数字资产交易平台。美国证券交易委员会此前发现，Bitazza Global 在泰国经营一家数字资产交易所，但没有..." }, { "title": "Draft Act on the Promotion and Support of Artificial Intelligence Innovation (AI Innovation Promotion Act)", "url": "https://library.parliament.go.th/th/radioscript/rr2566-oct1?utm_source=openai", "description": "AI law in Thailand: A 2023 draft bill, prepared under the Electronic Transactions Development Agency (ETDA) and related national AI initiatives, proposing a statutory framework to promote, support and govern the testing, standardization and market-enabling activities for AI innovation in Thailand. The draft focuses on establishing AI testing centres (sandboxes), facilitating responsible data sharing, defining standards and certification, and empowering ETDA to coordinate cross‑sectoral promotion and oversight....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "促进和支持人工智能创新法草案（AI创新促进法）", "description_zh": "泰国人工智能法：根据电子交易发展局 (ETDA) 和相关国家人工智能倡议制定的 2023 年法案草案，提出了一个法定框架，以促进、支持和管理泰国人工智能创新的测试、标准化和市场支持活动。该草案的重点是建立人工智能测试中心（沙箱），促进负责任的数据共享，定义标准和认证，并授权 ETDA 协调跨部门推广和监督......" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "National Cyber Security Commission releases draft guidelines on use of AI", "url": "https://drive.ncsa.or.th/s/MbromMFf4ejmTDD?dir=/&editing=false&openfile=true", "description": "Primary source (drive.ncsa.or.th): (ร่าง) คู่มือการใช้งานปัญญาประดิษฐ์สำหรับประชาชน - NCSA Drive.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家网络安全委员会发布人工智能使用指南草案", "description_zh": "国家网络安全委员会已就人工智能和生成式人工智能使用指南草案发起公众咨询。该文件建立了一个区分安全、教育材料和危险内容的框架，这些内容的特点是不准确、有争议的主题或需要专家监督的专门法律和医疗信息。指南通过识别幻觉、即时注入、数据中毒等具体技术风险，主张通过多个官方渠道和专业咨询进行严格的信息核实。此外，草案还概述了通过国家网络安全委员会、网络犯罪调查局呼叫中心和反假新闻中心管理人工智能生成的有害内容（包括深度造假和网络钓鱼尝试）的综合报告机制。咨询将于 2026 年 3 月 2 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Thailand maps long-term semiconductor strategy, pushes toward full value chain", "url": "https://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=press_releases_detail&topic_id=138400&_module=news&from_page=press_releases2&language=en", "description": "Primary source (boi.go.th) dated 7 January 2026 in TH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国制定长期半导体战略，推动全价值链发展", "description_zh": "泰国制定了扩大半导体产业的国家战略，重点关注功率半导体、传感器、光子学、分立器件和模拟芯片，作为构建完整价值链的长期计划的一部分。该路线图由副总理 Ekniti Nitithanprapas 主持，由投资委员会 (BOI) 制定，目标是到 2030 年、2040 年和 2050 年吸引超过 2.5 万亿泰铢（790 亿美元）的投资并培养 23 万名技术工人。通过利用汽车、能源和人工智能领域的现有优势，政府的目标是超越组装和测试，进入晶圆制造和集成电路设计等上游活动。这种综合方法得到了研发激励措施、专业化产业集群和清洁能源基础设施的支持，以巩固泰国作为“泰国制造”芯片和先进电子制造区域中心的地位。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025年APEC数字和人工智能部长级声明", "description_zh": "在韩国仁川举行的 APEC 峰会上，亚太经合组织通过了《2025 年数字和人工智能部长声明》，强调了人工智能在推动创新和应对社会经济挑战方面的作用。该声明强调安全、负责任地采用人工智能和其他数字技术，以提高生产力、效率、弹性和经济发展。它鼓励成员经济体将这些技术与平衡的、以人为本的劳动力发展、教育和终身学习方法相结合。它还促进数字政策方面的合作和信息共享，以加强区域合作、跨境贸易和投资，同时促进对新兴技术好处的更多了解。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 June 2025", "title": "Thailand releases draft guidelines for managing AI risks in financial sector", "url": "https://www.bot.or.th/th/laws-and-rules/public-hearing/public-hearing-20250612.html", "description": "ค้นหาข่าวสาร สุนทรพจน์ สื่อประชาสัมพันธ์ รวมถึงกำหนดการกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ล่าสุดของ ธปท.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国发布金融领域人工智能风险管理指南草案", "description_zh": "泰国央行已就金融领域人工智能风险管理指南草案展开磋商。主要原则包括：（1）人工智能治理，涉及利益相关者的角色和责任； （二）人工智能系统使用政策； （3）人工智能全生命周期的风险管理； (4) 开发和安全控制； (5) 数据风险； （6）模型开发风险； （七）网络安全风险。咨询将于 2025 年 6 月 30 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 May 2025", "title": "Thailand unveils draft AI legislation principles, open to public comment", "url": "https://law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=NTMxNkRHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "ระบบกลางทางกฎหมาย", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国公布人工智能立法原则草案，公开征求意见", "description_zh": "电子交易发展机构（ETDA）已就该国人工智能立法的首要原则草案启动了公众咨询。新法案旨在根据风险水平实施分级监管。高风险的人工智能系统将受到严格的措施，而一般的人工智能应用将遵循最佳实践指南。主要考虑因素包括人工智能问责制、算法透明度以及可能影响人权的人工智能系统的保障措施。高风险人工智能系统的使用，特别是在医疗保健、金融和政府服务领域，将需要透明的监督、专门的监管机构和适应性治理，以跟上技术进步的步伐。磋商将于 2025 年 6 月 9 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 February 2025", "title": "Thailand Prime Minister indicates draft AI regulation will be completed soon", "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2960651/premier-touts-draft-ai-regulation", "description": "The government is drafting Thailand's first law on artificial intelligence, aiming to adopt and regulate AI technology to strengthen businesses and the economy, says Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国总理表示人工智能法规草案将很快完成", "description_zh": "据报道，泰国总理白东坦·西那瓦在 FTI 博览会上发表讲话时证实，泰国政府正在起草该国第一部人工智能法，该法即将完成。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "Thailand pushing for AI governance framework for public sector", "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2909302/thailand-in-drive-to-promote-ai-ethics", "description": "Thailand wants to be a regional artificial intelligence (AI) training centre to support developing countries' adoption of AI ethics rules by collaborating with the UN agency Unesco.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国推动公共部门人工智能治理框架", "description_zh": "据悉，泰国正通过电子交易发展机构（ETDA）成为区域人工智能伦理培训中心，与联合国教科文组织合作，支持发展中国家采用人工智能伦理规则。 ETDA 正在推动内阁批准公共机构的人工智能治理框架，并计划利用人工智能应对医疗保健、农业、教育、能源和金融领域的挑战。此外，泰国高等教育部和教育部正与联合国教科文组织合作，于 2025 年在曼谷主办首届亚太地区人工智能伦理国际会议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "Thailand issues generative AI governance guidelines for organisations", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/AI_Gov_Anual.aspx", "description": "กระทรวงดิจิทัลเพื่อเศรษฐกิจและสังคม (ดีอี) จับมือสำนักงานพัฒนา ธุรกรรมทางอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (สพธอ.) หรือ ETDA (เอ็ตด้า) โดย ศูนย์ธรรมาภิบาลปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (AI Governance Center หรือ AIGC) เดินหน้าพัฒนากรอบธรรมาภิบาลปัญญาประดิษฐ์ที่เป็นการต่อยอด AI Governance Guideline ของไทย สู่การออกประกาศ Guideline ใหม่!! “แนวทางประยุกต์ใช้ Generative AI อย่างมีธรรมาภิบาลสำหรับองค์กร” (Generative AI Governance Guideline for Organizations) สำหรับผู้บริหารและผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องนำไปประยุกต์ใช้เพื่อการวางกรอบการกำกับดูแล การประยุกต์ใช้ Generative AI ระดับองค์กรให้มีความชัดเจนและสอดคล้องกับเป้าหมาย โดยเนื้อหา ครอบคลุมตั้ง", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国为组织发布生成式人工智能治理指南", "description_zh": "数字经济和社会部（DE）和电子交易发展局（ETDA）通过人工智能治理中心（AIGC）联合发布了面向组织的生成式人工智能治理指南。指南涵盖：（1）生成式人工智能的基础概念和术语； (2) 生成式人工智能的优点和局限性，以及实际应用和值得注意的用例； (3) 生成式人工智能的风险，以及以符合组织目标的方式管理这些风险的策略； (4) 应用生成式人工智能的指南，其中包含解决采用者、定制者和制造者角色的框架，并针对不同级别的组织复杂性进行定制； (5) 在良好治理的情况下应用生成式人工智能的考虑因素，重点是在生成式人工智能的利用和风险管理、人类监督、跨学科协作和数据治理之间保持平衡。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Thailand invests 1 billion baht to boost AI skills and startups", "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2839893/thailand-urged-to-upgrade-status-to-ai-application-creator", "description": "Thailand can ride on the wave of the artificial intelligence (AI) global mega trend, with the aim to shift from being an AI user country to an AI application creator, according to the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (Nectec).", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国投资 10 亿泰铢提升人工智能技能和初创企业", "description_zh": "据报道，泰国正在等待总理任命新的国家人工智能委员会，以指导国家人工智能战略和行动计划的第二阶段。与此同时，（1）国家电子和计算机技术中心（NECTEC）将获得10亿泰铢，到2027年培养3万名拥有人工智能技能的劳动力，并在五年内将这一数字增加到5万名； (2) NECTEC 将与泰国人工智能企业家协会 (AIEAT) 合作，继续开发现有的泰语大语言模型，等待相关预算批准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 May 2024", "title": "Thailand forms AI committee to boost digital economy", "url": "https://theinvestor.vn/thailand-forms-ai-committee-to-boost-digital-economy-d9892.html", "description": "Thailand's Ministry of Digital Economy and Society (DES) is advancing its plans to form a new national artificial intelligence (AI) committee as part of its effort to advance the second phase of the national AI strategy.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国成立人工智能委员会推动数字经济", "description_zh": "泰国数字经济和社会部（DES）正在组建国家人工智能委员会，以推进国家人工智能战略的第二阶段。该倡议由 DES 部长 Prasert Jantararuangtong 宣布，符合泰国成为东盟数字经济和人工智能中心的雄心。新的人工智能委员会预计将于 2024 年 6 月成立，目前正在等待内阁批准。此外，国家数字经济和社会委员会正在致力于人工智能的道德使用，并计划在 2024 年 5 月底之前敲定人工智能法规。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 April 2024", "title": "Thailand gears up for AI regulations", "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2781934/policymakers-set-to-prepare-more-ai-rules", "description": "Policymakers will draw up more new artificial intelligence (AI) rules to prevent the violation of AI ethics and promote AI development through good governance and planned guidelines for generative AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国为人工智能法规做好准备", "description_zh": "国家数字经济和社会委员会秘书长 Putchapong Nodthaisong 透露，该委员会已经制定了人工智能道德准则。国家数字经济促进委员会将开会研究起草人工智能法规，对人工智能开发商和服务提供商进行监管。政府制定了国家人工智能发展路线图，计划在 2027 年制定人工智能法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Thailand Senate approves report advocating AI regulation in election campaigns", "url": "https://thethaiger.com/news/national/senate-approves-ai-regulation-in-election-campaigns", "description": "A report advocating for the regulation of election campaigns conducted using artificial intelligence (AI) was approved by the Senate yesterday.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国参议院批准在竞选活动中倡导人工智能监管的报告", "description_zh": "参议院批准了一份报告，主张对选举活动中人工智能的使用进行监管。该报告由参议院政治委员会编制，并在参议院议长 Pornpetch Wichitcholchai 主持的会议上提交。该报告强调了（1）外国监管社交媒体的挑战，（2）对社交媒体造成的潜在危害缺乏认识，（3）某些政党在试图通过这些平台与选民联系时面临的限制，（4）阻止选举委员会执行民意调查相关法律的障碍，以及（5）在选举中适用过时的民意调查法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 December 2022", "title": "Thailand launches AI Governance Clinic", "url": "https://opengovasia.com/thailand-launches-ai-governance-clinic/", "description": "Primary source (opengovasia.com) dated 2 December 2022 in TH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国推出人工智能治理诊所", "description_zh": "泰国电子交易发展机构（ETDA）最近推出了人工智能治理诊所（AIGC），该诊所将作为泰国和海外人工智能及其应用相关治理知识和专业知识的来源。 ETDA 及其合作伙伴 NECTEC、医疗服务部和卫生服务支持部签署了另一份谅解备忘录，共同开发适合泰国医疗保健行业环境的人工智能治理框架。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Draft Royal Decree on AI System Service Business (2022)", "url": "https://www.tilleke.com/insights/key-concerns-and-provisions-in-thailands-draft-ai-regulation/", "description": "The draft Royal Decree on Artificial Intelligence System Service Business, which was introduced by the Office of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission earlier for public comment in October last year, focuses on potential risks from artificial intelligence (AI) systems to public health, safety, and freedoms. The framework emphasizes the importance of risk assessment, reporting requirements, and the establishment of specific measures and criteria deemed necessary to minimize AI risks. AI Systems Defined by the Decree Under the draft royal decree, an AI system is defined as a machin", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于人工智能系统服务业务的皇家法令草案（2022 年）：", "description_zh": "该法律草案提议以基于风险的方法监管人工智能系统（即基于机器的系统，可以根据人类设定的目标做出影响真实或虚拟环境的预测、建议或决策）。该法律草案确定了可能造成伤害或从事不道德行为的禁止或高风险人工智能服务，以确保人工智能系统不会对公众健康、安全和自由构成重大风险。该框架强调了风险评估、报告要求以及制定被认为是最小化人工智能风险所必需的具体措施和标准的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Principles for Thailand AI Act", "url": "https://law.go.th/listeningDetail?survey_id=NTMxNkRHQV9MQVdfRlJPTlRFTkQ=", "description": "ระบบกลางทางกฎหมาย", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国人工智能法案原则", "description_zh": "电子交易发展机构提出的人工智能立法首要原则。新法案将旨在根据风险水平实施分级监管。高风险的人工智能系统将受到严格的措施，而一般的人工智能应用将遵循最佳实践指南。主要考虑因素包括人工智能问责制、算法透明度以及可能影响人权的人工智能系统的保障措施。高风险人工智能系统的使用，特别是在医疗保健、金融和政府服务领域，将需要透明的监督、专门的监管机构和适应性治理，以跟上技术进步的步伐。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Generative AI Governance Guidelines for Organisations (2024)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/Useful-Resource/GovernanceGuideline_v1.aspx", "description": "Primary source (etda.or.th): Generative AI GovernanceGuideline Vol1 - สพธอ..", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "组织生成式人工智能治理指南（2024 年）：", "description_zh": "数字经济和社会部 (DE) 和电子交易发展局 (ETDA) 通过人工智能治理中心 (AIGC) 发布的指南。指南涵盖：（1）生成式人工智能的基础概念和术语； (2) 生成式人工智能的优点和局限性，以及实际应用和值得注意的用例； (3) 生成式人工智能的风险，以及以符合组织目标的方式管理这些风险的策略； (4) 应用生成式人工智能的指南，其中包含解决采用者、定制者和制造者角色的框架，并针对不同级别的组织复杂性进行定制； (5) 在良好治理的情况下应用生成式人工智能的考虑因素，重点是在生成式人工智能的利用和风险管理、人类监督、跨学科协作和数据治理之间保持平衡。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI Ethics Guidelines (2021)", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/9d370f25-f37a-4b7c-b661-48d2d730651d/Digital-Thailand-AI-Ethics-Principle-and-Guideline.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "description": "Primary source (etda.or.th) in TH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能道德准则（2021）：", "description_zh": "道德原则指导从事技术开发的研究人员、开发人员和服务提供商应遵循的实践。政府部委和机构必须遵守这些原则。这些原则是：(1) 竞争力和可持续发展，(2) 法律道德和国际标准，(3) 透明度和问责制，(4) 安全和隐私，(5) 公平，以及 (6) 可靠性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Thailand SEC order extending remedy deadline for KuCoin capital maintenance deficiency", "url": "https://www.sec.or.th/EN/Pages/News_Detail.aspx?SECID=12570&NewsNo=45&NewsYear=2026&Lang=EN", "description": "Thailand SEC issued an order to extend the deadline for KuCoin to remedy its capital maintenance deficiency until 30 March 2026.", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰国 SEC 命令延长 KuCoin 资本维持缺陷的补救期限", "description_zh": "泰国 SEC 发布命令，将 KuCoin 弥补资本维持缺陷的期限延长至 2026 年 3 月 30 日。" } ], "entry_count": 90, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "764" }, { "id": "LV", "title": "Latvia", "entries": [ { "date": "9 October 2021", "title": "Data Protection clarification for evidence found in relevant audio and / or video recordings", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/dviskaidro-ka-iegut-audioierakstu-videoierakstu-lai-aizstavetu-savas-likumiskas-intereses", "description": "The Data Protection authority of Latvia or \"Data State Inspectorate\" provides a clarification for situations in which a person asks for a recording of a conversation or video in which it is involved. Mostly, this situation occurs when a person needs evidence found in the relevant audio or video recordings that are necessary to protect a particular legitimate interest. As an EU Member State, Latvia is subject to the General Data Protection Regulation, in which Article 15 provides data subjects...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对相关音频和/或视频记录中发现的证据进行数据保护澄清", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚数据保护机构或“数据国家监察局”对个人要求录制其所涉及的对话或视频的情况进行了澄清。大多数情况下，当一个人需要在相关音频或视频记录中找到保护特定合法利益所需的证据时，就会发生这种情况。作为欧盟成员国，拉脱维亚受《通用数据保护条例》的约束，其中第 15 条规定了数据主体..." }, { "date": "13 August 2021", "title": "Data protection requirements in Latvia Code of Conduct Supervisory Authority regulation", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/pazinojums-par-lidzdalibas-iespejam-likumprojekta-projekta-ministru-kabineta-noteikumu-projekts-ricibas-kodeksa-parraudzibas-institucijas-licencesanas-noteikumi-lidz-2021gada-13augustam", "description": "A consultation on the draft law on the Code of Conduct Supervisory Authority was closed by the Latvian Data Inspectorate. In particular, the purpose of the law is to define the requirements for obtaining a license from the Code of Conduct Supervisory Authority, as well as the procedure for paying the state fee. Particularly, the establishment of the Authority implements the Art. 40 and 41 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉脱维亚行为准则监管机构法规中的数据保护要求", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚数据监察局结束了关于行为监管机构行为准则法律草案的磋商。特别是，该法律的目的是定义从行为准则监管机构获得许可证的要求以及支付国家费用的程序。特别是，管理局的设立实施了该艺术。欧盟通用数据保护条例第 40 条和第 41 条。" }, { "date": "16 January 2022", "title": "Investigation into e-commerce websites regarding use of cookies", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv/lv/media/1474/download", "description": "On 18 January 2022, the Data State Inspectorate of Latvia closed its investigation into cookie usage. The preventative investigation started in 2021 and scrutinised the usage of cookies on 29 websites (belonging to 26 online merchants). Compliance with the conditions for the use of cookies on the website was verified, including the use of marketing, statistical and analytical cookies, and compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation and the Information Society Services Act, which re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对电子商务网站使用 cookie 的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 18 日，拉脱维亚数据国家监察局结束了对 cookie 使用情况的调查。这项预防性调查于 2021 年开始，审查了 29 个网站（属于 26 个在线商户）的 cookie 使用情况。已验证网站上使用 cookie 的条件是否符合，包括营销、统计和分析 cookie 的使用，以及遵守《通用数据保护条例》和《信息社会服务法》，其中规定..." }, { "date": "29 July 2022", "title": "Guidance on difference between pseudonymised and anonymised data", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/dviskaidro-29072022?utm_source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dataguidance.com%2F", "description": "On 29 July 2022, the Data State Inspectorate (DVI), Lithuania's privacy protection agency, published guidance on the difference between pseudonymised and anonymised data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The DVI stated that pseudonymisation involves replacing identifying information with pseudonyms, whereas with anonymised data such information has been removed altogether. While anonymised data is not covered by the GDPR, the DVI points out that pseudonymised data could be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于假名和匿名数据之间差异的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 29 日，立陶宛隐私保护机构数据国家监察局 (DVI) 根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 发布了关于假名数据和匿名数据之间差异的指南。 DVI 表示，假名化涉及用假名替换识别信息，而对于匿名数据，此类信息已被完全删除。虽然 GDPR 未涵盖匿名数据，但 DVI 指出，假名数据可能......" }, { "date": "21 June 2024", "title": "Bill amending the Information Society Services Law implementing the Digital Services Act and designating digital services coordinator for Latvia", "url": "https://www.em.gov.lv/en/article/ptac-commences-oversight-digital-services-act-compliance-latvia?utm_source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F", "description": "On 21 June 2024, a Bill amending the Information Society Services Law implementing the Digital Services Act (DSA - Regulation 2022/2065) into national legislation was implemented and came into effect. The Consumer Rights Protection Centre (PTAC) will serve as the Digital Services Coordinator (DSC) in Latvia, tasked with monitoring compliance with DSA obligations. PTAC will have the authority to request information, conduct inspections, issue decisions to cease violations, and impose fines. Th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《信息社会服务法》的法案，实施《数字服务法》并指定拉脱维亚数字服务协调员", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 21 日，一项修订《信息社会服务法》的法案将《数字服务法》（DSA - 第 2022/2065 号条例）纳入国家立法，并已实施并生效。消费者权益保护中心 (PTAC) 将担任拉脱维亚的数字服务协调员 (DSC)，负责监督 DSA 义务的遵守情况。 PTAC 将有权索取信息、进行检查、做出停止违规的决定以及处以罚款。那个..." }, { "title": "Developing Artificial Intelligence Solutions (National AI Strategy)", "url": "https://tapportals.mk.gov.lv/tasks/06bbefd2-be03-456c-a89d-16eb39b4fb4d", "description": "AI law in Latvia: Adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers on 4 February 2020, the informatīvais ziņojums 'Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību' (Developing Artificial Intelligence Solutions) sets national priorities to foster AI uptake across public administration and the economy. The strategy emphasises skills, data ecosystems, legal and ethical frameworks, infrastructure and international cooperation and is integrated with Latvia's Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "开发人工智能解决方案（国家人工智能战略）", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚人工智能法：内阁于 2020 年 2 月 4 日通过了 informatīvais ziņojums ‘Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību’ 法案。 （开发人工智能解决方案）设定国家优先事项，以促进人工智能在公共管理和经济领域的应用。该战略强调技能、数据生态系统、法律和道德框架、基础设施和国际合作，并与拉脱维亚《2021-2027 年数字化转型指南》相结合……" }, { "title": "Amendments to the Criminal Law (Article 90.1) — criminalising use of deepfake technology to influence elections", "url": "http://vp.gov.lv/", "description": "AI law in Latvia: In May 2024 the Saeima adopted amendments to the Criminal Law adding Article 90.1 to criminalise the creation or dissemination of intentionally false, discrediting information using deepfake technologies during the pre-election campaign period or on election day, and to criminalise the use of automated data processing systems to prevent persons from participating in democratic processes. Penalties include imprisonment up to five years and other custodial or non-custodial sanctions. The amendments entered into force on 22 May 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "刑法修正案（第 90.1 条）——将利用深度造假技术影响选举定为犯罪", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚人工智能法：2024 年 5 月，议会通过了《刑法》修正案，增加了第 90.1 条，将在竞选前或选举日期间使用深度造假技术故意创建或传播虚假、诽谤性信息的行为定为犯罪行为，并将使用自动化数据处理系统阻止人们参与民主进程的行为定为犯罪行为。处罚包括最高五年的监禁和其他监禁或非监禁制裁。该修正案于 2024 年 5 月 22 日生效......" }, { "title": "Amendments to the Pre‑election Agitation Law regulating use of AI in campaigning (Grozījumi Priekšvēlēšanu aģitācijas likumā)", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv", "description": "AI law in Latvia: In October–November 2024 the Saeima adopted amendments to the Pre‑election Agitation Law that require paid pre‑election materials created with artificial intelligence (AI) to be clearly and unambiguously labelled, ban the use of fake or anonymous social‑media accounts driven by automated systems for political agitation, and grant the Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau (KNAB) authority to order removal of AI‑generated campaign content. The law entered into force on 7 November 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "选举前鼓动法修正案，规范在竞选活动中使用人工智能 (Grozījumi Priekšvēlēšanu aģitācijas likumā)", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚人工智能法：2024 年 10 月至 11 月，议会通过了《选前煽动法》修正案，要求对使用人工智能 (AI) 创建的付费选前材料进行清晰明确的标记，禁止使用由自动化系统驱动的虚假或匿名社交媒体帐户进行政治煽动，并授予预防和打击腐败局 (KNAB) 权力，可以下令删除人工智能生成的竞选内容。该法律于 2024 年 11 月 7 日生效......" }, { "title": "Law on the Development of Artificial Intelligence (Mākslīgā intelekta attīstības likums)", "url": "https://tapportals.mk.gov.lv/legal_acts/0a81b414-03dc-4773-99b3-d9cad5f0579d", "description": "AI law in Latvia: The Act establishes a national legal and institutional framework to foster trustworthy, safe and competitive artificial intelligence in Latvia by creating a national AI Centre, coordinating public–private–academic cooperation, and promoting innovation, skills, risk management and compliance with EU-level AI governance. It provides the legal basis for the centre's establishment, financing, tasks and institutional relationships while aligning national policy with European AI governance initiatives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能发展法 (Mākslīgā intelekta attīstības likums)", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚人工智能法：该法案建立了国家法律和制度框架，通过创建国家人工智能中心、协调公私学术合作、促进创新、技能、风险管理和遵守欧盟层面的人工智能治理，在拉脱维亚培育值得信赖、安全和有竞争力的人工智能。它为该中心的建立、融资、任务和机构关系提供了法律依据，同时使国家政策与欧洲人工智能治理举措保持一致......" }, { "title": "Informative Report 'On the Development of Artificial Intelligence Solutions' (Informatīvais ziņojums 'Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību')", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/redirection/document/57447", "description": "AI law in Latvia: The Latvian Cabinet of Ministers adopted the informative report 'On the Development of Artificial Intelligence Solutions' on 4 February 2020. Prepared by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development (VARAM), the report outlines a national policy orientation to promote AI uptake across public administration and the economy, identifies risks and data/infrastructure needs, and sets out actions to be integrated into the 2021–2027 Digital Transformation Guidelines....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息报告《人工智能解决方案的发展》 （Informatīvais ziņojums 'Par mākslīgā intelekta risinājumu attīstību'）", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚的人工智能法：拉脱维亚内阁通过了内容丰富的报告“关于人工智能解决方案的发展”； 2020 年 2 月 4 日。该报告由环境保护和区域发展部 (VARAM) 编写，概述了促进公共管理和经济中人工智能采用的国家政策方向，确定了风险和数据/基础设施需求，并列出了将纳入《2021-2027 年数字化转型指南》的行动……" }, { "title": "National Data Governance Strategy (Nacionālā datu pārvaldības stratēģija) - (in development)", "url": "https://www.vraa.gov.lv", "description": "AI law in Latvia: A national-level strategy to establish a coherent data governance framework in Latvia, currently in draft/development. The strategy aims to create institutional arrangements, technical infrastructure (including the DAGR platform), legal instruments and oversight mechanisms to enable secure, privacy-preserving data sharing across the public sector and with the economy, aligned with EU data policy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数据治理战略 (Nacionālā datu parvaldības stratēģija) -（正在制定）", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚的人工智能法：在拉脱维亚建立一致的数据治理框架的国家级战略，目前正在起草/制定中。该战略旨在创建制度安排、技术基础设施（包括 DAGR 平台）、法律文书和监督机制，以实现公共部门和经济领域安全、保护隐私的数据共享，并与欧盟数据政策保持一致……" }, { "title": "Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027 (Digitālās transformācijas pamatnostādnes 2021.–2027.)", "url": "https://www.varam.gov.lv/sites/varam/files/content/files/digitalas-transformacijas-pamatnostadnes-_2021-27.pdf", "description": "AI law in Latvia: The Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021–2027 set Latvia's national mid‑term strategy for digital development across society, the economy and public administration. Adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers, the framework defines five strategic directions (digital skills and education; digital security and trust; telecommunications access; economic and public administration digital transformation; and ICT innovation and science) with measurable targets to be achieved by 2027....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字化转型指南 2021–2027（Digitālās transformācijas pamatnostādnes 2021.–2027.）", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚人工智能法：《2021-2027 年数字化转型指南》制定了拉脱维亚社会、经济和公共管理数字化发展的国家中期战略。该框架由部长内阁通过，定义了五个战略方向（数字技能和教育；数字安全和信任；电信接入；经济和公共管理数字化转型；以及信息通信技术创新和科学）以及到 2027 年实现的可衡量目标。" }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Latvian government source on AI Act implementation", "url": "https://www.varam.gov.lv/en/article/latvia-takes-step-towards-safe-and-responsible-artificial-intelligence-government-examines-implementation-plan-ai-act", "description": "Official source record dated 25 February 2025 for Latvia concerning Latvia Government examines implementation plan for EU AI Act. See the linked varam.gov.lv source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉脱维亚政府审查欧盟人工智能法案实施计划", "description_zh": "部长内阁审议了智能管理和区域发展部（VARAM）编写的《关于落实《人工智能法案》要求的信息报告》，该报告明确了在拉脱维亚全面实施《欧盟人工智能法案》的责任机构和必要行动。智能管理和区域发展部长 Inga Bērziņa 表示，“人工智能法案的出台对于我们国家创造一个安全、创新友好的环境、负责任地开发和使用技术来说是必要的”。未来几年，拉脱维亚计划通过促进高质量人工智能产品的开发和监控，并确保负责任地并按照国际公认的标准使用人工智能，来加强其监管人工智能的能力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Latvian government source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.varam.gov.lv/en/article/cabinet-ministers-supports-establishment-national-centre-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Official source record dated 3 December 2024 for Latvia concerning Cabinet of Ministers supports the establishment of the National Centre for Artificial Intelligence. See the linked varam.gov.lv source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内阁支持建立国家人工智能中心", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚内阁批准了建立拉脱维亚国家人工智能中心（NMIC）的法律草案，该草案由智能管理和区域发展部推动。 NMIC 旨在加强可靠、安全的人工智能的使用，通过提高生产力和竞争力来造福社会。该中心将重点关注人工智能的实际应用以及建设国家管理和减轻相关风险的能力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "National AI Strategy on Developing Artificial Intelligence Solutions (2020)", "url": "http://tap.mk.gov.lv/doc/2020_02/IZ_MI%5b1%5d.2.docx", "description": "Primary source (tap.mk.gov.lv) in LV. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于发展人工智能解决方案的国家人工智能战略（2020）：", "description_zh": "拉脱维亚的国家人工智能战略旨在促进人工智能在整个经济中的采用和增长。拟议战略概述了以下领域的政策行动，并特别关注在公共行政中推广人工智能：（1）通过教育改革提高全社会对人工智能的认识和能力； (2) 促进人工智能在公共和私营部门的采用和发展； （三）积极开展国内外合作； (4) 为人工智能制定坚实的法律和道德框架； （5）释放完善的数据生态系统的效益； (6) 投资数字和电信基础设施以支持人工智能的发展。内政部计划斥资约 150 万欧元用于数字化，重点是人工智能。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='tap.mk.gov.lv', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /doc/2020_02/IZ_MI%5B1%5D.2.docx (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to tap.mk.gov.lv timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 15, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "428" }, { "id": "LS", "title": "Lesotho", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "426" }, { "id": "LT", "title": "Lithuania", "entries": [ { "date": "3 September 2022", "title": "National Cyber Security Center warning with regards to conflict in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.nksc.lt/naujienos/rusiskos_kilmes_programines_irangos_komponentai_ke.html", "description": "On 9 March 2022, the National Cyber Security Center issued a warning about national security threats in Lithuania posed by Russian software. The Center advises companies to avoid using Russian-based firms to host websites, servers, domain registrar, backup, and other IT services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网络安全中心就乌克兰冲突发出警告", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 9 日，国家网络安全中心就俄罗斯软件对立陶宛的国家安全构成威胁发出警告。该中心建议公司避免使用俄罗斯公司来托管网站、服务器、域名注册商、备份和其他 IT 服务。" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "State Data Protection Inspectorate assessment of DeepSeek's data processing practices", "url": "https://vdai.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/vdai-rekomenduoja-buti-atsargiems-naudojantis-programele-deepseek/", "description": "On 7 February 2025, the Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate (VDAI) announced that is monitoring the compliance of the DeepSeek programme with the General Data Protection Regulation and advises individuals to be cautious when sharing personal or sensitive data. The VDAI noted that the European Data Protection Board will discuss the matter in plenary on 11 February 2025 and the VDAI is working with other European data protection authorities to coordinate a response. Concerns include a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家数据保护监察局对 DeepSeek 数据处理实践的评估", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 7 日，立陶宛国家数据保护监察局 (VDAI) 宣布正在监控 DeepSeek 计划是否符合《通用数据保护条例》，并建议个人在共享个人或敏感数据时保持谨慎。 VDAI 指出，欧洲数据保护委员会将于 2025 年 2 月 11 日在全体会议上讨论此事，VDAI 正在与其他欧洲数据保护机构合作协调应对措施。担忧包括..." }, { "title": "Amendments to the Law on Information Society Services (measures to implement EU AI Act / accelerate AI development)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/market-surveillance-authorities-under-ai-act", "description": "AI law in Lithuania: In January 2025 the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania adopted targeted amendments to the Law on Information Society Services to align national roles and procedures with the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and to accelerate safe AI development (including an AI regulatory sandbox). The amendments designate the Communications Regulatory Authority (RRT) as the national market surveillance authority and single contact point and the Innovation Agency as the notifying authority for conformity assessment and support the creation of notified bodies, conformity procedures, and market surveillance functions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《信息社会服务法》修正案（实施欧盟人工智能法案的措施/加速人工智能发展）", "description_zh": "立陶宛的人工智能法：2025 年 1 月，立陶宛共和国议会通过了《信息社会服务法》的有针对性的修正案，以使国家角色和程序与欧盟人工智能法案保持一致，并加速人工智能的安全发展（包括人工智能监管沙箱）。修正案指定通信监管局 (RRT) 作为国家市场监督机构和单一联络点，指定创新局作为合格评定的通知机构，并支持建立公告机构、合格程序和市场监督职能。" }, { "title": "AI Regulatory Sandbox Policy", "url": "https://ai-act-service-desk.ec.europa.eu/en/ai-act/article-57", "description": "AI law in Lithuania: Lithuania has adopted a national AI regulatory sandbox policy to implement the EU AI Act and accelerate safe AI innovation. The Innovation Agency (Inovacijų agentūra) is designated to operate the sandbox with the Communications Regulatory Authority (RRT) as market surveillance authority, and the initiative includes targeted support for SMEs, access to HPC resources, supervised testing of high-risk systems and reporting obligations under EU law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管沙盒政策", "description_zh": "立陶宛人工智能法：立陶宛通过了国家人工智能监管沙盒政策，以落实欧盟人工智能法案，加速安全人工智能创新。创新机构 (Inovacijų agentūra) 被指定与作为市场监督机构的通信监管局 (RRT) 一起运营沙箱，该计划包括对中小企业的有针对性的支持、获得 HPC 资源、对高风险系统进行监督测试以及欧盟法律规定的报告义务......" }, { "title": "Amendments implementing the EU Artificial Intelligence Act: Amendments to the Law on Technology and Innovation (XV-105) and the Law on Information Society Services (XV-106) to implement Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (Lithuanian AI Act implementation amendments)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=OJ%3AL_202401689", "description": "AI law in Lithuania: 2025 Lithuanian amendments designate national AI authorities, set up an AI sandbox and align national law to the EU AI Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实施欧盟人工智能法案的修正案：技术与创新法 (XV-105) 和信息社会服务法 (XV-106) 的修正案，以实施 (EU) 2024/1689 号法规（立陶宛人工智能法案实施修正案）", "description_zh": "立陶宛人工智能法：2025 年立陶宛修正案指定国家人工智能当局，建立人工智能沙箱并使国家法律与欧盟人工智能法案保持一致。" }, { "title": "Amendments to the Law on Technology and Innovation (measures to implement EU AI Act / accelerate AI development)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689", "description": "AI law in Lithuania: Amendments to the Law on Technology and Innovation (adopted 14 January 2025) implement key institutional and practical measures to enable Lithuania to apply the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, accelerate AI development through a national "AI sandbox", and assign national roles for conformity assessment and market surveillance. They revise the definition and support mechanisms for start‑ups and vest new functions in the Innovation Agency and the Communications Regulatory Authority....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《技术与创新法》修正案（实施欧盟人工智能法案的措施/加速人工智能发展）", "description_zh": "立陶宛人工智能法：技术与创新法修正案（2025年1月14日通过）实施了关键的制度和实践措施，使立陶宛能够应用欧盟人工智能法，通过国家“人工智能沙箱”加速人工智能发展，并分配国家在合格评定和市场监督方面的角色。他们修改了初创企业的定义和支持机制，并赋予创新局和通信监管局新的职能……" }, { "title": "Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A Vision of the Future", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/lithuania/lithuania-ai-strategy-report_en", "description": "AI law in Lithuania: Published by the Ministry of Economy and Innovation in 2019, "Lithuanian Artificial Intelligence Strategy: A Vision of the Future" sets out national priorities to modernise Lithuania’s AI ecosystem through skills development, research growth, ethical and legal guidance, improved access to data, and public-private cooperation. The strategy is a non-binding national roadmap recommending institutional, funding and regulatory measures to support AI deployment across sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "立陶宛人工智能战略：未来愿景", "description_zh": "立陶宛人工智能法：经济与创新部2019年发布《立陶宛人工智能战略：未来愿景》制定了通过技能开发、研究增长、道德和法律指导、改善数据获取以及公私合作实现立陶宛人工智能生态系统现代化的国家优先事项。该战略是一个不具约束力的国家路线图，建议采取制度、资金和监管措施，以支持人工智能跨部门部署……" }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Lithuanian parliament staff banned from using DeepSeek on official devices", "url": "https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2487268/lithuanian-parliament-staff-banned-from-using-deepseek-on-official-devices", "description": "A ban on using DeepSeek, an AI chatbot developed in China, on devices provided by the office of the Lithuanian parliament Seimas took effect on Wednesday.Â", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "立陶宛议会工作人员被禁止在官方设备上使用 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "据报道，经立陶宛议会总理 Algirdas Stončaitis 证实，立陶宛议会已实施禁止在立陶宛议会提供的设备上使用 DeepSeek 的禁令。该命令禁止在该办公室发布的任何设备上使用 DeepSeek，理由是担心数据安全以及与中国人工智能工具相关的潜在风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "Lithuanian VDAI monitoring DeepSeek", "url": "https://vdai.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/vdai-rekomenduoja-buti-atsargiems-naudojantis-programele-deepseek/", "description": "Primary source (vdai.lrv.lt) dated 7 February 2025 in LT. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "立陶宛 VDAI 监控 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "立陶宛国家数据保护监察局 (VDAI) 宣布正在监控 DeepSeek 计划是否符合《通用数据保护条例》，并建议个人在共享个人或敏感数据时保持谨慎。担忧包括数据处理和可能存储在中国服务器上缺乏透明度，导致 VDAI 警告不要使用该程序或通过该程序共享敏感信息。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "440" }, { "id": "MK", "title": "North Macedonia", "entries": [ { "title": "AI policy update — Balkan Govts Need to Create Strategies For Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (March 2023)", "url": "https://balkaninsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FINAL-AI-Report.pdf", "description": "Primary source (balkaninsight.com) in MK. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴尔干政府需要制定负责任地使用人工智能的战略（2023 年 3 月）：", "description_zh": "本简报介绍了该研究的主要发现，旨在通过概述该地区国家采用的现有人工智能相关法律文书和战略，阐明巴尔干地区政府应用和开发人工智能技术的准备情况。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "807" }, { "id": "ML", "title": "Mali", "entries": [ { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "AI&T (Artificial Intelligence and Technology) community initiative established", "url": "https://www.intracen.org/news-and-events/news/the-ait-community-is-born-in-mali-with-the-support-of-ntf-v", "description": "Primary source (intracen.org) dated 10 January 2025 in ML. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI&T（人工智能与技术）社区倡议成立", "description_zh": "马里AI&T社区的启动可以追溯到2024年4月，当时Mohamed MALET启动了该项目。该倡议得到了国际贸易中心 NTF V FastTrackTech 项目的支持，旨在实现马里人工智能和机器学习的民主化，将其转变为包容性和负责任的经济发展的驱动力。该项目旨在团结马里生态系统的参与者，创造一个有利于创新的环境，并培育基于激励的监管框架。这项努力是通过快速发展马里和其他非洲国家的数字技术部门来建立弹性贸易竞争力的更广泛战略的一部分。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "466" }, { "id": "MQ", "title": "Martinique", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "474" }, { "id": "MU", "title": "Mauritius", "entries": [ { "title": "Mauritius AI Strategy (2018)", "url": "https://mitci.govmu.org/Documents/Strategies/Mauritius%20AI%20Strategy.pdf", "description": "Our national booklet designed to make Artificial Intelligence accessible, understandable and beneficial to every citizen.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "毛里求斯人工智能战略（2018）：", "description_zh": "毛里求斯的国家人工智能战略，其中包括建立人工智能监督监管框架的建议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Mauritius published an AI Strategy in 2018", "url": "", "description": "Mauritius published an AI Strategy in 2018. The strategy describes the benefits and challenges of AI, specifically how AI impacts the country's various industries, and sets out a clear vision fordevelopment of AI. Other initiatives from the Mauritius governmentinclude: · Innovative Mauritius · AI for Agriculture project", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "毛里求斯2018年发布人工智能战略", "description_zh": "毛里求斯于2018年发布了人工智能战略。该战略描述了人工智能的好处和挑战，特别是人工智能如何影响该国各行业，并为人工智能的发展提出了明确的愿景。毛里求斯政府的其他举措包括：·创新毛里求斯·人工智能农业项目", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "480" }, { "id": "MX", "title": "Mexico", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-12-14", "title": "INAI and IFT cooperation agreement", "url": "https://home.inai.org.mx/wp-content/documentos/SalaDePrensa/Comunicados/Comunicado%20INAI-441-21.pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2021, Mexico’s National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI) and the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) signed a General Collaboration Agreement to strengthen the cooperation between the two executive agencies and promote institutional transparency. In particular, the institutions will work on improving access to information, protection of personal data, open data, increasing accountability and promoting the responsible a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-31", "title": "Content moderation requirement in Amendment of Federal Law of Telecommunications", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/REDES-SOCIALES-Propuesta-Iniciativa-29.01.21.pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the amendment to the Mexican Federal Law of Telecommunications and Broadcasting was rejected after failing to be passed by the Congress before the end of the LXIV legislature. The amendment targeted the category of “relevant social network providers”, including social media platforms with over a million users in Mexico. The amendment would have requires relevant social network providers to remove certain types of unlawful content, including \"hate speech\", \"fake news\" and ot...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-31", "title": "Expansion of oversight power in Amendment of Federal Law of Telecommunications", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/REDES-SOCIALES-Propuesta-Iniciativa-29.01.21.pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the amendment to the Mexican Federal Law of Telecommunications and Broadcasting was rejected after failing to be passed by Congress before the end of the LXIV legislature. The amendment targeted the category of “relevant social network providers”, including social media platforms with over a million users in Mexico. The amendment would have expanded the regulatory power of the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) in the areas of licensing, content moderation and user ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Mexican Copyright Law", "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LFDA.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2020, the amendment to the Mexican Copyright Law entered into force. Under the amendment, Internet service providers may actively monitor content contrary to human dignity, content affecting rights and freedoms and content that encourage violence or the commission of a crime.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Singapore-Mexico Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation on personal data protection", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Latest-Updates/PDPC-Press-Release-MOU-Signing-with-Mexico-and-Renewal-with-Australia_Final.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2023, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) and Mexico's National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information, and Personal Data Protection (INAI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to improve collaboration on personal data protection. The PDPC and INAI agreed to collaborate on the development of compatible data transfer mechanisms, support for technological innovation, information sharing, best practices exchange, and joint research on emerging privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "AI authority governance in Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Inic_Morena_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence, including AI authority governance, was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The proposed law aims to establish a legal framework to regulate the development, deployment and use of Artificial Intelligence systems (AI) in the country. The law would designate the Federal Institute of Telecommunications (IFT) as the competent authority on AI matters and establish the National Commission on Artificial Intelligence as an advis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "Design requirements in Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Inic_Morena_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence, including design requirements, was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The proposed law aims to establish a legal framework to regulate the development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the country. The law would require the protection of human rights in any AI application and impose obligations on providers and users based on the level of risk generated by the AI system. The law classifies a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "Copyright protection regulation in Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Inic_Morena_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence, including copyright protection regulation, was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The proposed law aims to establish a legal framework to regulate the development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the country. In particular, Article 18 requires explicit indication in the corresponding registration if an artistic work or any other type of content, whether written or audiovisual, for intellect...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "Prohibition of goods and services in Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Inic_Morena_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Federal Law Regulating Artificial Intelligence, prohibition of goods and services, was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The law classifies artificial intelligence (AI) systems according to their level of risk into \"unacceptable\", \"high\", and \"low or minimal\". AI systems that pose an unacceptable risk are those capable of causing severe physical or psychological harm to individuals or utilising biometric identification without consent. The sale, distribution, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "title": "Decree amending Article 11 of General Law on Humanities, Science, Technology, and Innovation", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.mx/66/gaceta_del_senado/documento/141110", "description": "On 6 March 2024, a draft decree to amend the General Law on Humanities, Science, Technology, and Innovation by adding a new section, VIII Bis, was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. This amendment focuses on the study, research, and development of knowledge in artificial intelligence (AI) and the training of professionals in this field. The proposed amendment emphasises the transformative impact of AI on society and the economy, highlighting its role in driving technological innovation, impr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "IFT Code of Best Practice for the Cybersecurity of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices", "url": "https://ciberseguridad.ift.org.mx/files/guias_y_estudios/codigos_ciberseguridad_iot.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the Mexican Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) implemented the Code of Best Practice for the Cybersecurity of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices. The Code is applicable to IoT Device Manufacturers, licensees and authorised parties providing internet access, as well as those providers of applications, content and/or service, and any other natural or legal person who develops and provides applications or services for IoT devices. The Code issues recommendations and bes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-14", "title": "INAI investigation into Ticketmaster's compliance with cybersecurity measures to safeguard personal data", "url": "https://home.inai.org.mx/wp-content/documentos/SalaDePrensa/Comunicados/Comunicado%20INAI-180-24.pdf", "description": "On 14 July 2024, the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI) opened an ex officio investigation into Ticketmaster for the alleged disclosure of personal data. The investigation was opened due to concerns that Ticketmaster, an e-commerce platform intermediary specialising in ticket sales for entertainment events, may have violated the Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (LFPDPPP). The LFPDPPP mandates that en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-21", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties", "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lfpdppp/LFPDPPP_orig_20mar25.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the Mexico Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (LFPDPPP) entered into force. The publication is part of a broader legislative package that includes three different laws: the General Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information, the General Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Obligated Parties and the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties, each with its own article structure and scope of ap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 August 2021", "title": "Data breach notification requirement in proposed data protection reform", "url": "https://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/64/3/2021-04-20-1/assets/documentos/Inic_MC_Alberto_Galarza_proteccion_datos_prsonales.pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the amendment to the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (\"data protection law\") was rejected after failing to be passed by Congress before the end of the LXIV legislature. Senator José Alberto Galarza Villaseñor introduced the initiative to increase data security and breach notifications, requiring the reporting of breaches within 72 hours to both the data owner and the National Institute of Transparency, Access to Information and Protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拟议数据保护改革中的数据泄露通知要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 31 日，《联邦私人数据保护法》（“数据保护法”）修正案因未能在第 64 届立法机关结束前获得国会通过而被否决。参议员 José Alberto Galarza Villaseñor 提出了加强数据安全和违规通知的举措，要求在 72 小时内向数据所有者和国家透明度、信息访问和保护研究所报告违规情况……" }, { "date": "31 August 2021", "title": "User speech right obligations in Amendment of Federal Law of Telecommunications", "url": "https://ricardomonrealavila.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/REDES-SOCIALES-Propuesta-Iniciativa-29.01.21.pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the amendment to the Mexican Federal Law of Telecommunications and Broadcasting was rejected after failing to be passed by Congress before the end of the LXIV legislature. The amendment targeted the category of “relevant social network providers”, including social media platforms with over a million users in Mexico. The amendment would have restricted relevant social network providers' ability to moderate content and block users to the reasons specified in the Law itself. M...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦电信法修正案中的用户言论权义务", "description_zh": "2021年8月31日，墨西哥联邦电信和广播法修正案因未能在第六十四届立法机关结束前获得国会通过而被否决。该修正案针对的是“相关社交网络提供商”类别，包括在墨西哥拥有超过百万用户的社交媒体平台。该修正案将限制相关社交网络提供商审核内容并根据法律本身规定的原因阻止用户的能力。米..." }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "COFECE Competition investigation into e-commerce market", "url": "https://www.cofece.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Cofece-007-2024_ENG.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2024, the Mexican Competition Commission (Cofece) issued a preliminary finding in its investigation (IEBC-001-2022) into competition barriers in the e-commerce market. Cofece found, on a preliminary basis, the absence of effective competition conditions in the market due to high concentration, network effects, and further barriers, such as technological capacity and advertising investment. Possible barriers to entry include artificiality in components of some loyalty programmes...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "COFECE电子商务市场竞争调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 13 日，墨西哥竞争委员会 (Cofece) 发布了针对电子商务市场竞争壁垒的调查 (IEBC-001-2022) 初步调查结果。 Cofece初步发现，由于高度集中、网络效应以及技术能力和广告投入等障碍，市场缺乏有效竞争条件。可能的进入障碍包括某些忠诚度计划的组成部分的人为因素......" }, { "date": "28 April 2021", "title": "Location of computing facilities provisions in Regulation of Financial Technology Institutions Law", "url": "https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5610487&fecha=28/01/2021#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 28 April 2021, the \"Provisions applicable to electronic payment fund institutions under the Law to Regulate Financial Technology Institutions\" (Provisions) came into force, 90 days after their publication in the Official Journal of the Federation. The Provisions seek to implement Articles 48.2, 54.1, 56.1 and 56.2 of the Law to Regulate Financial Technology Institutions. According to Article 49, electronic payment institutions must attach documentation to the application for authorisation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "计算设施条款在《金融科技机构监管法》中的位置", "description_zh": "2021年4月28日，《金融科技机构监管法适用于电子支付基金机构的规定》（《规定》）在联合会官方公报上发布后90天生效。 《规定》旨在贯彻《金融科技机构监管法》第48.2条、第54.1条、第56.1条和第56.2条。根据第四十九条规定，电子支付机构必须在授权申请中附送文件……" }, { "date": "6 January 2020", "title": "Registration requirement for foreign digital services in Amendment to VAT Law (2019)", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5581292&fecha=09/12/2019#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 1 June 2020, the decree amending various provisions of the Value Added Tax Law is implemented. The reform introduced an obligation for foreign digital service providers to register with the Federal Registry of Taxpayers. Digital services include downloading or accessing images, movies, text, information, video, audio, music, and games, including dating and distance learning services. Services used to download electronic books, newspapers and magazines are excluded.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "增值税法修正案（2019）中外国数字服务的注册要求", "description_zh": "2020年6月1日，修改增值税法各项条款的法令实施。此次改革规定外国数字服务提供商有义务在联邦纳税人登记处注册。数字服务包括下载或访问图像、电影、文本、信息、视频、音频、音乐和游戏，包括约会和远程学习服务。用于下载电子书、报纸和杂志的服务不包括在内。" }, { "date": "2 July 2023", "title": "Mexico: Agreement approving interpretation criteria for personal data protection laws", "url": "https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5678829&fecha=07/02/2023#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 7 February 2023, the Mexican National Institute for Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI) published the “Agreement through which it approved the criteria for interpretation pursuant to Article 199 and 200 of the General Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information of 4 May 2015, as amended, and Articles 144 and 145 of the Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties”. The Agreement incorporates several headings and control codes regulati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "墨西哥：批准个人数据保护法解释标准的协议", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 7 日，墨西哥国家信息获取和个人数据保护研究所 (INAI) 发布了“协议，批准了根据 2015 年 5 月 4 日修订的《透明度和获取公共信息普通法》第 199 条和第 200 条以及《联邦私人数据保护法》第 144 条和第 145 条的解释标准”。该协议包含多个标题和控制代码监管..." }, { "date": "6 January 2020", "title": "VAT on digital services in 2020 tax reform", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5581292&fecha=09/12/2019#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 1 June 2020, the decree amending various provisions of the Value Added Tax Law is implemented. The reform introduced a 16 per cent VAT on the digital services used to download or access images, movies, text, information, video, audio, music, and games, including dating and distance learning services. Services used to download electronic books, newspapers and magazines are excluded. The VAT is applied to services operating or acting as intermediaries for users residing in Mexican territory.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020年税制改革数字服务增值税", "description_zh": "2020年6月1日，修改增值税法各项条款的法令实施。此次改革对用于下载或访问图像、电影、文本、信息、视频、音频、音乐和游戏的数字服务（包括约会和远程学习服务）征收 16% 的增值税。用于下载电子书、报纸和杂志的服务不包括在内。增值税适用于为居住在墨西哥境内的用户运营或充当中介的服务。" }, { "date": "31 August 2021", "title": "Local content requirement in proposal to amend Federal Telecommunications and Broadcasting Law", "url": "https://www.senado.gob.mx/65/gaceta_del_senado/documento/105880", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the amendment to the Mexican Federal Law of Telecommunications and Broadcasting was rejected after failing to be passed by Congress before the end of the LXIV legislature. The proposed amendment would have imposed a local content quota of 30% on online streaming platforms.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦电信和广播法修正案提案中的本地内容要求", "description_zh": "2021年8月31日，墨西哥联邦电信和广播法修正案因未能在第六十四届立法机关结束前获得国会通过而被否决。拟议的修正案将对在线流媒体平台施加 30% 的本地内容配额。" }, { "date": "28 February 2024", "title": "Decree amending Article 30 and Article 86 of the General Law of Education", "url": "https://pleno.senado.gob.mx/infosen/infosen64/emergente/ficha.php?idFicha=17966&tipo=iniciativa&lg=65", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the decree amending Article 30 and Article 86 of the General Law of Education was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The Decree aims to modernise education by emphasising the responsible use, comprehension, and application of AI. The decree would require the inclusion of AI-related content in curricula and programmes and the promotion of AI training. The proposed decree aims to establish the basis for the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of public policies rel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改教育普通法第30条和第86条的法令", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 28 日，向墨西哥参议院提交了修订《教育普通法》第 30 条和第 86 条的法令。该法令旨在通过强调负责任地使用、理解和应用人工智能来实现教育现代化。该法令将要求将人工智能相关内容纳入课程和计划，并促进人工智能培训。拟议的法令旨在为相关公共政策的制定、实施和评估奠定基础。" }, { "date": "14 February 2024", "title": "Decree to amend General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free from Violence and the Federal Penal Code to include digital sexual violence", "url": "https://pleno.senado.gob.mx/infosen/infosen64/emergente/ficha.php?idFicha=17917&tipo=iniciativa&lg=65", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the Decree to amend the General Law on Women's Access to a Life Free from Violence and the Federal Penal Code to include digital sexual violence was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The degree aims to address the misuse of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and deepfakes, which have facilitated new forms of violence against women. The proposed decree aims to incorporate the notion of “digital falsification media”, defined as technology that uses...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《妇女享有无暴力生活普通法》和《联邦刑法》的法令，将数字性暴力纳入其中", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 14 日，向墨西哥参议院提交了修订《妇女享有无暴力生活普通法》和《联邦刑法典》以纳入数字性暴力的法令。该学位旨在解决人工智能（AI）和深度造假等数字技术的滥用问题，这些技术助长了新形式的针对妇女的暴力行为。拟议的法令旨在纳入“数字伪造媒体”的概念，定义为使用......" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Federal Telecommunications Institute investigation into manufacturers's compliance with code for cybersecurity of the Internet of Things", "url": "https://ciberseguridad.ift.org.mx/files/guias_y_estudios/ciberseguridad_de_los_dispositivos_iot.pdf", "description": "On 9 April 2024, the Mexican Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT) closed its investigation into the cybersecurity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices marketed in Mexico. This comprehensive analysis targeted 348 manufacturers or brands, assessing their adherence to the Code of best practices for cybersecurity of the Internet of Things, published by the IFT. The findings revealed that 8% of the brands lacked any cybersecurity information for their devices, highlighting issues such as the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦电信研究所对制造商遵守物联网网络安全规范的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 9 日，墨西哥联邦电信研究所 (IFT) 结束了对墨西哥销售的物联网 (IoT) 设备网络安全的调查。这项综合分析针对 348 个制造商或品牌，评估他们对 IFT 发布的物联网网络安全最佳实践准则的遵守情况。调查结果显示，8% 的品牌缺乏其设备的任何网络安全信息，凸显了诸如..." }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "General Law on Neuro-Rights and Neurotechnologies", "url": "https://pleno.senado.gob.mx/infosen/infosen64/emergente/ficha.php?idFicha=18402&tipo=iniciativa&lg=65", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the General Law on Neuro-Rights and Neurotechnologies was introduced to the Senate of Mexico. The Law aims to establish a legal framework for the protection of human rights in the context of neurotechnological advances. It covers a range of activities related to the development and use of neurotechnologies, ensuring the protection of human dignity, privacy, autonomy, and integrity. The Law sets out principles for equitable access, confidentiality, governance, and compliance, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "神经权利和神经技术普通法", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 17 日，《神经权利和神经技术普通法》被提交墨西哥参议院。该法旨在建立一个在神经技术进步背景下保护人权的法律框架。它涵盖了一系列与神经技术的开发和使用相关的活动，确保保护人类尊严、隐私、自主性和完整性。该法律规定了公平获取、保密、治理和合规的原则，......" }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Decree Proposing the Amendment of Various Articles of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States regarding organisational simplification", "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2024/dic/20241210-IV.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the Decree proposing the amendment of various articles of the political constitution of the United Mexican States was partially implemented, modifying the governance of regulatory authorities, including data protection oversight. The amendment includes dissolution of the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information, and Protection of Personal Data (INAI), with its functions transferred to the Secretariat of Anti-Corruption and Good Governance (SABG), following ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "提议修订墨西哥合众国政治宪法有关组织简化的各项条款的法令中的数据保护机构治理", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 21 日，提议修改墨西哥合众国政治宪法各项条款的法令得到部分实施，修改了监管机构的治理，包括数据保护监督。该修正案包括解散国家透明度、信息获取和个人数据保护研究所（INAI），其职能转移给反腐败和良好治理秘书处（SABG），以下..." }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "Guidelines for Certification Scheme of Persons in the Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5738524&fecha=06/09/2024#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the National Institute of Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI) issued the Guidelines for Certification Scheme of Persons in the Protection of Personal Data. Personal data protection certification is a process intended to recognise demonstrated compliance with data protection obligations. The Guidelines outline the conditions, policies, methods, rules, requirements, criteria, manuals, and procedures necessary for the operation of the cert...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人资料保护人员认证计划指引", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 6 日，国家透明度、信息获取和个人数据保护研究所 (INAI) 发布了《个人数据保护人员认证计划指南》。个人数据保护认证是一个旨在认可已证明遵守数据保护义务的过程。该指南概述了认证运行所需的条件、政策、方法、规则、要求、标准、手册和程序。" }, { "date": "1 August 2023", "title": "Report on INAI enforcement of data protection violations in 2022", "url": "https://home.inai.org.mx/wp-content/documentos/SalaDePrensa/Comunicados/Comunicado%20INAI-008-23.pdf", "description": "On 8 January 2023, the National Institute of Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI) in Mexico published a report delineating its enforcement actions and the imposed fines, amounting to MXP 60 million, against individuals and legal entities for violations of the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Individuals (LFPDPPP) in 2022. The fines were imposed across a range of sectors, with the highest number of sanctions being applied to those ope...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "INAI 2022 年数据保护违规行为执法报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 8 日，墨西哥国家透明度、信息获取和个人数据保护研究所 (INAI) 发布了一份报告，描述了其针对违反 2022 年《联邦个人数据保护法》(LFPDPPP) 的个人和法人采取的执法行动和处以 6,000 万墨西哥比索的罚款。这些罚款涉及多个部门，其中针对运营商的制裁数量最多。" }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "Supreme Court decision about data controllership of search engine managers under Federal Data Protection Law (FLPPDPP)", "url": "https://www.internet2.scjn.gob.mx/red2/comunicados/comunicado.asp?id=8079", "description": "On 27 November 2024, the Supreme Court of Mexico ruled that search engine operators can not be considered data controllers under the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (FLPPDPP). The Court determined that search engine providers do not exercise control over the personal data processed through their services, as they do not determine the content displayed in search results or the purposes of data processing. The Court thus recognised search engine providers ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "最高法院根据联邦数据保护法 (FLPPDPP) 关于搜索引擎管理者的数据控制权的裁决", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 27 日，墨西哥最高法院裁定，根据《联邦私人数据保护法》(FLPPDPP)，搜索引擎运营商不能被视为数据控制者。法院裁定，搜索引擎提供商不对通过其服务处理的个人数据行使控制权，因为他们无法确定搜索结果中显示的内容或数据处理的目的。因此，法院承认搜索引擎提供商......" }, { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "Decree reforming, adding and repealing various provisions of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5744005&fecha=28/11/2024#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 29 November 2024, the Decree reforming, adding and repealing various provisions of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration was implemented following its publication in the Official Journal of the Federation on the previous day. The Decree restructures the Federal Executive and its constituent bodies, including creating the new Ministry of Anticorruption and Good Governance and the Agency of Digital Transformation and Telecommunications. The Ministry will be tasked with promoti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法令改革、增加和废除《联邦公共行政组织法》的各项规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 29 日，改革、增加和废除《联邦公共行政组织法》各项条款的法令于前一天在《联邦官方公报》上发布后实施。该法令重组了联邦行政机构及其组成机构，包括创建新的反腐败和良好治理部以及数字化转型和电信局。该部将负责促进..." }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "Reform of Data Protection and Transparency Laws focusing on restructuring INAI", "url": "https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/mexico-fortalece-transparencia-y-seguridad-de-datos-personales-con-el-35-de-lo-que-gastaba-el-inai-presidenta-claudia-sheinbaum?idiom=es", "description": "On 31 January 2025, the government of Mexico announced its intention to submit a series of reforms to the Congress of the Union. The reform involves the transfer of 80% of the INAI's current responsibilities to the Anti-Corruption and Good Governance Secretariat, which will operate using only 35% of the INAI's previous budget. The reforms will entail the repeal of the extant Federal Law of Transparency and Access to Public Information and the introduction of new general laws governing transpa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护和透明度法改革，重点是重组 INAI", "description_zh": "2025年1月31日，墨西哥政府宣布打算向联邦国会提交一系列改革方案。此次改革涉及将 INAI 目前 80% 的职责移交给反腐败和良好治理秘书处，该秘书处的运作仅使用 INAI 先前预算的 35%。改革将包括废除现行的《联邦透明度和公共信息获取法》，并引入新的管理透明度的一般法律……" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "Second resolution of modifications to miscellaneous fiscal Resolution for 2024 including definition of intermediation of digital services", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5740913&fecha=11/10/2024#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the second resolution of modifications to fiscal resolution for 2024 including withholding tax enters into force. It clarifies the definition of digital intermediation services under the Mexican value-added tax (VAT) law. It applies to non-resident digital platforms that facilitate transactions between sellers and buyers in exchange for payment or compensation. It specifies that platforms qualify as intermediaries even if they present themselves as mere online stores or ag...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 2024 年杂项财政决议进行修改的第二项决议，包括数字服务中介的定义", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 11 日，包括预扣税在内的 2024 年财政决议修改第二项决议生效。它澄清了墨西哥增值税 (VAT) 法中数字中介服务的定义。它适用于促进卖家和买家之间交易以换取付款或补偿的非居民数字平台。它规定平台有资格成为中介机构，即使它们本身只是在线商店或农业..." }, { "date": "24 July 2020", "title": "Second resolution of amendments to fiscal resolution of 2020, including guidance on remittance of withholding taxes for foreign providers of digital services", "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5597260&fecha=24/07/2020#gsc.tab=0", "description": "On 24 July 2020, the guidance on the remittance of withholding taxes for foreign providers of digital services, as part of the second resolution of amendments to the Miscellaneous Fiscal Resolution for 2020 entered into force. The guidance outlines two methods for remitting withholding taxes. Providers can either remit the taxes in Mexican pesos through authorised financial institutions or opt to make the payment from abroad. Payments in U.S. dollars must be based on the exchange rate publish...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年财政决议修正案第二项决议，包括外国数字服务提供商预扣税汇出指南", "description_zh": "2020 年 7 月 24 日，作为 2020 年杂项财政决议修正案第二项决议一部分的《外国数字服务提供商预扣税汇出指南》生效。该指南概述了两种预扣税的缴纳方法。提供商可以通过授权的金融机构以墨西哥比索汇税，也可以选择从国外付款。以美元付款必须根据公布的汇率..." }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Federal Law on protection of personal data held by private parties, including data protection regulation (No. LXVI/1SPO-1645)", "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lfpdppp/LFPDPPP_orig_20mar25.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the Mexico Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (LFPDPPP) entered into force. The law establishes data processing principles such as lawfulness, purpose limitation, consent, data quality, proportionality, and accountability. It establishes protections for sensitive and financial information, requiring explicit consent from individuals for processing such data. Private entities are mandated to provide comprehensive privacy notices, delineatin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦法中关于保护私人持有的个人数据的数据保护法规，包括数据保护法规（第 LXVI/1SPO-1645 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 21 日，墨西哥联邦私人数据保护法 (LFPDPPP) 生效。该法律规定了数据处理原则，例如合法性、目的限制、同意、数据质量、相称性和问责制。它建立了对敏感信息和财务信息的保护，要求个人明确同意处理此类数据。私人实体必须提供全面的隐私声明，描述......" }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties", "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/ref/lfpdppp/LFPDPPP_orig_20mar25.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2025, the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties (LFPDPPP) entered into force. The publication forms part of a legislative package that includes three separate Laws: the General Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information, the General Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Obligated Parties, and the Federal Law on the Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties. The LFPDPPP regulates international transfers of personal data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《联邦私人数据保护法》中的跨境数据传输监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 21 日，《联邦私人数据保护法》(LFPDPPP) 生效。该出版物是一揽子立法的一部分，其中包括三部独立的法律：《透明度和公共信息获取一般法》、《保护义务方持有的个人数据的一般法》和《保护私人当事人持有的个人数据的联邦法》。 LFPDPPP 监管个人数据的国际传输......" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data Transfer Committee to operationalise transition to Secretariat of Anti-Corruption and Good Governance", "url": "https://home.inai.org.mx/wp-content/documentos/SalaDePrensa/Comunicados/Comunicado%20INAI-047-25.pdf", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Protection of Personal Data (INAI) convened its final session in Mexico City to establish a Transfer Committee, in accordance with the decree published in the Diario Oficial de la Federación introducing new laws on transparency, access to information, and data protection. The Committee is responsible for coordinating the transfer of the Institute’s functions and managing its administrative affairs to the Secr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家透明度、信息获取和个人数据保护传输委员会将向反腐败和良好治理秘书处过渡", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 20 日，国家透明度、信息获取和个人数据保护研究所 (INAI) 在墨西哥城召开了最后一次会议，根据联邦官方公报上发布的法令成立了传输委员会，引入了有关透明度、信息获取和数据保护的新法律。该委员会负责协调研究所职能移交并管理其行政事务。" }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending Article 73 of the Political Constitution to include artificial intelligence within the legislative powers of the Mexican Congress", "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/66/2025/feb/20250219-II-1.html#Iniciativa3", "description": "On 19 February 2025, the Bill amending Article 73 of the Political Constitution to include artificial intelligence within the legislative powers of the Mexican Congress was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies The Bill seeks to explicitly empower Congress to enact laws governing AI, recognising its transformative role across various domains and the need for regulatory oversight. The Bill aims to enable Mexico to develop clear and effective AI regulations that support responsible innovation w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改政治宪法第 73 条的法案将人工智能纳入墨西哥国会立法权", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 19 日，修订《政治宪法》第 73 条的法案被提交给众议院，该法案将人工智能纳入墨西哥国会的立法权。该法案旨在明确授权国会制定管理人工智能的法律，认识到人工智能在各个领域的变革性作用以及监管的必要性。该法案旨在使墨西哥能够制定明确有效的人工智能法规，支持负责任的创新......" }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Government access to data requirement in Law of the National System of Investigation and Intelligence in Public Security Matters", "url": "https://comunicacionsocial.senado.gob.mx/informacion/comunicados/12294-senado-envia-al-ejecutivo-federal-dictamen-que-expide-ley-del-sistema-nacional-de-investigacion-e-inteligencia", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Law of the National System of Investigation and Intelligence in Public Security Matters was adopted by the Senate. The law grants the Secretariat of Security and Citizen Protection (SSPC) the authority to collect and centralise data from public and private entities through a Central Intelligence Platform managed by the National Intelligence Centre. The system may gather vehicle registrations, property data, telecommunications information, biometric records, and commercial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《国家公共安全事务调查和情报系统法》中政府获取数据的要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，参议院通过了《国家公共安全事务调查和情报系统法》。该法律授权安全和公民保护秘书处（SSPC）通过国家情报中心管理的中央情报平台收集和集中来自公共和私人实体的数据。该系统可以收集车辆登记、财产数据、电信信息、生物识别记录和商业..." }, { "title": "Mexico AI Regulatory Landscape", "url": "https://fpf.org/blog/ai-regulation-in-latin-america-overview-and-emerging-tre", "description": "Mexico's AI regulation is evolving within the broader digital transformation framework. No dedicated AI law has passed yet, but the government is monitoring EU and US approaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Evolving" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "墨西哥人工智能监管格局", "description_zh": "墨西哥的人工智能监管正在更广泛的数字化转型框架内不断发展。目前尚未通过专门的人工智能法律，但政府正在监控欧盟和美国的做法。" }, { "title": "Hacia una Estrategia de IA en México: Aprovechando la Revolución de la IA (Toward an AI Strategy in Mexico)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/world/mexico/news", "description": "AI law in Mexico: Commissioned by the British Embassy and authored by Oxford Insights and C Minds, this June 2018 white paper sets out 21 actionable recommendations to help Mexico harness artificial intelligence for economic and social development. The report proposes a multi-stakeholder governance model, data and infrastructure priorities, R&D and skills investments, and ethics/regulatory guidance to guide a national AI strategy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hacia una Estrategia de IA en México：Aprovechando la Revolución de la IA（墨西哥的人工智能战略）", "description_zh": "墨西哥的人工智能法：这份 2018 年 6 月的白皮书受英国大使馆委托，由 Oxford Insights 和 C Minds 撰写，提出了 21 条可行的建议，以帮助墨西哥利用人工智能促进经济和社会发展。该报告提出了多利益相关者治理模式、数据和基础设施优先事项、研发和技能投资以及道德/监管指南，以指导国家人工智能战略......" }, { "title": "Iniciativa que reforma diversas disposiciones del Código Penal Federal y de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor en materia de IA generativa (Bill amending Criminal Code and Copyright law re: generative AI)", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/05/21/artificial-intelligence-ai-act-council-gives-final-green-light-to-the-first-worldwide-rules-on-ai/", "description": "AI law in Mexico: Proposed federal initiative (presented April 30, 2025) would add new criminal offenses addressing misuse of generative AI (deepfakes, non-consensual biometric use, deceptive manipulation) to the Código Penal Federal and amend the Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor to (i) recognize works assisted by AI, (ii) exclude autonomous AI-generated works from copyright protection, and (iii) require transparency about AI-assisted creation. The bill establishes sanctions including imprisonment and fines and sets a framework for protecting identity, authorship transparency, and copyright integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Iniciativa que Reforma diversas disposiciones del Código Penal Federal y de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor en materia de IA Generativa（刑法和版权法修正案：生成人工智能）", "description_zh": "墨西哥的人工智能法：拟议的联邦倡议（2025 年 4 月 30 日提出）将在联邦刑法中增加针对滥用生成式人工智能（深度伪造、未经同意的生物识别使用、欺骗性操纵）的新刑事犯罪，并修订联邦法律，以 (i) 承认人工智能辅助的作品，(ii) 将自主人工智能生成的作品排除在版权保护之外，以及 (iii) 要求人工智能辅助创作的透明度。该法案规定了包括监禁和罚款在内的制裁措施，并制定了保护身份、作者透明度和版权完整性的框架......" }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Mexican Chamber of Deputies receives initiatives from the President to protect artists' rights against AI misuse", "url": "https://comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/boletines/la-camara-de-diputados-recibio-y-turno-a-comisiones-dos-iniciativas-de-la-presidenta-de-la-republica", "description": "Primary source (comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx) dated 24 February 2026 in MX. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "墨西哥众议院收到总统关于保护艺术家权利免遭人工智能滥用的倡议", "description_zh": "墨西哥众议院收到了总统提出的两项倡议，旨在保护艺术家，特别是参与配音的艺术家的权利，防止通过人工智能未经授权使用他们的作品。拟议的《联邦劳动法》和《联邦版权法》改革旨在保护表演者的劳动权利，并应对人工智能技术给创意产业带来的挑战。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='comunicacionsocial.diputados.gob.mx', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /index.php/boletines/la-camara-de-diputados-recibio-y-turno-a-comisiones-dos-iniciativas-de-la-presidenta-de-la-republica (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to digital.gov.ru t", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Russia may mandate domestic AI on devices", "url": "https://iz.ru/2040417/valerii-kodachigov/ii-eshche-raz-otechestvennye-nejroseti-predustanovyat-na-smartfony", "description": "Primary source (iz.ru) dated 11 February 2026 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure", "Compute", "Infrastructure & Hardware" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯可能会在设备上强制使用国产人工智能", "description_zh": "据悉，俄罗斯政府正在考虑一项提案，要求强制在智能手机和其他电子设备上预装国产人工智能系统，以增强该国的技术主权。该举措是人工智能监管法律草案的一部分，正在由数字发展部最终确定，预计将于 2026 年 2 月底提交政府批准。该计划旨在确保用户能够立即访问俄罗斯开发的数字服务，包括市场、浏览器、防病毒软件、公共服务平台和大型语言模型。虽然该提案被视为加强技术独立性的战略举措，但专家警告说，强制预安装应保持平衡，以避免电子制造商负担过重。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='iz.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /2040417/valerii-kodachigov/ii-eshche-raz-otechestvennye-nejroseti-predustanovyat-na-smartfony (Caused by NewConnectionError(\"HTTPSConnection(host='iz.ru', port=443): Failed to establish a new connection: [W", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Russia plans to establish total control over IT sector, according to Ukraine intelligence", "url": "https://szru.gov.ua/en/news-media/news/the-kremlin-is-preparing-a-new-doctrine-of-digital-control-declaring-western-technologies-a-threat-to-the-rf", "description": "Primary source (szru.gov.ua) dated 4 February 2026 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Logistics & Infrastructure" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌克兰情报机构称俄罗斯计划全面控制IT行业", "description_zh": "根据乌克兰对外情报办公室的情报，俄罗斯政府已宣布计划通过制定新版《信息安全准则》来扩大对俄罗斯数字环境（包括人工智能技术）的国家监管。这一更新后的学说旨在通过将西方数字技术（例如移动设备、星链等卫星互联网服务、电子邮件服务和西方公司的 IT 解决方案）归类为系统性威胁和破坏性影响的工具来加强信息主权。克里姆林宫打算在各个阶段控制数字空间和个人设备，可能会转向互联网“白名单”模式，只允许访问国家批准的资源，同时增强面部识别系统等监控工具。 2025 年，俄罗斯故意关闭网络总计 37,100 小时，凸显了这些数字限制的系统性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Russian State Duma Speaker proposes studying China's AI regulation practices for legislative harmonization", "url": "https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/115198/", "description": "Primary source (interfax.com) dated 9 December 2025 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯国家杜马议长提议研究中国人工智能监管实践以协调立法", "description_zh": "据报道，俄罗斯国家杜马议长维亚切斯拉夫·沃洛金向集体安全条约组织（CSTO）议会提出一项动议，要求密切研究中国在监管人工智能方面的立法实践，指出中国“做了很多”工作来保护其主权和公民免受破坏性内容的侵害，并表示这项研究对于协调成员国法律以应对新的技术挑战和机遇而不伤害儿童、人民或国家至关重要。该提案凸显出前苏联集团国家对采用以国家为中心、以控制为导向的人工智能治理模式越来越感兴趣。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='interfax.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /newsroom/top-stories/115198/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1081)')))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Russia moves forward with a nationwide plan for generative AI", "url": "https://tass.com/economy/2055391", "description": "MOSCOW, December 8. /TASS/. The Russian government is developing a plan for the deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) at the level of public administration, as well as across regions and sectors of the economy, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Defense & National Security", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯推进全国性人工智能生成计划", "description_zh": "据报道，俄罗斯正在推进一项综合计划，将生成式人工智能整合到公共管理和关键经济部门，旨在增强国家技术能力和主权。米哈伊尔·米舒斯京总理概述了在区域和工业上部署现代人工智能工具的框架，强调依赖国内开发的系统而不是外国平台，以确保长期独立。已提交一项建议，要求建立一个中央总部来监督这一举措、设定目标、跟踪进展并协调各部委和机构的努力。官员们将这一战略视为一项战略投资，旨在在快速发展的技术环境中增强国家竞争力，并期望增加生成式人工智能的使用将提高行政效率，支持区域发展并促进多个部门的创新。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Iran, Russia sign agreement to boost AI, cyber security cooperation", "url": "https://en.irna.ir/news/86016120/Iran-Russia-sign-cooperation-memorandum-on-AI-and-cyber-security", "description": "Primary source (en.irna.ir) dated 5 December 2025 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊朗与俄罗斯签署协议加强人工智能和网络安全合作", "description_zh": "伊朗和俄罗斯签署了一份谅解备忘录，以加强通信和信息技术合作，重点关注人工智能、网络安全、智能政府、区块链、金融科技、监管和邮政服务等领域。该协议由伊朗信息和通信技术部副部长​​梅萨姆·阿贝迪和俄罗斯数字发展、通信和大众媒体部副部长亚历山大·肖伊托夫在联合工作组第五次会议后在莫斯科签署。两国旨在加强在数据传输、电子治理和人工智能工具开发方面的合作，利用共同的研究和实践项目来生产更高质量的产品和服务。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": null, "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "UAE and Russia to enhance cooperation in applying AI in public financial management", "url": "https://mof.gov.ae/en/news/uae-holds-strategic-financial-dialogue-with-russia-to-enhance-cooperation-in-applying-ai-in-public-financial-management/", "description": "The UAE, represented by the Ministry of Finance, held the second UAE–Russia Strategic Financial Dialogue today at the Ministry’s headquarters in Dubai. The meeting was co-chaired by His Excellency Mohamed bin Hadi Al Hussaini, Minister of State for Financial Affairs, and His Excellency Anton Siluanov, Minister of Finance of Russia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿联酋和俄罗斯加强人工智能在公共财务管理中应用的合作", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国（阿联酋）和俄罗斯在迪拜阿联酋财政部总部举行了第二次战略金融对话，由阿联酋财政事务国务部长穆罕默德·本·哈迪·侯赛尼和俄罗斯财政部长安东·西卢安诺夫共同主持。会议重点讨论了加强人工智能在公共财务管理领域的合作，包括预算、工资管理和收入预测等领域，以提高政府绩效。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025年APEC数字和人工智能部长级声明", "description_zh": "在韩国仁川举行的 APEC 峰会上，亚太经合组织通过了《2025 年数字和人工智能部长声明》，强调了人工智能在推动创新和应对社会经济挑战方面的作用。该声明强调安全、负责任地采用人工智能和其他数字技术，以提高生产力、效率、弹性和经济发展。它鼓励成员经济体将这些技术与平衡的、以人为本的劳动力发展、教育和终身学习方法相结合。它还促进数字政策方面的合作和信息共享，以加强区域合作、跨境贸易和投资，同时促进对新兴技术好处的更多了解。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "Russia and Belarus to develop AI rooted in \"traditional values\"", "url": "https://belta.by/society/view/gossekretar-sg-nasha-zadacha-razrabotat-sobstvennyj-ii-osnovannyj-na-traditsionnyh-tsennostjah-725782-2025/", "description": "Госсекретарь СГ отметил, что полностью согласен со словами Президента Беларуси - искусственный интеллект не может заменить человеческий. "От того, что мы вкладываем в искусственный интеллект, как мы его разрабатываем, пользуемся, зависит эффективность его применения.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯和白俄罗斯将开发植根于“传统价值观”的人工智能", "description_zh": "据悉，在白俄罗斯维捷布斯克举行的一次会议上，联盟国国务秘书谢尔盖·格拉济耶夫宣布，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯正在合作创建一个基于“传统价值观”的大型语言模型，旨在建立一个值得信赖、提供客观信息的主权人工智能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "BRICS+ sign declaration on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/canais_atendimento/imprensa/notas-a-imprensa/declaracao-da-presidencia-da-reuniao-de-ministros-das-relacoes-exteriores-relacoes-internacionais-dos-paises-membros-do-brics", "description": "Declaração da Presidência da Reunião de Ministros das Relações Exteriores/Relações Internacionais dos Países Membros do BRICS [*]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金砖国家+签署人工智能治理宣言", "description_zh": "金砖+国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非，以及截至 2025 年 1 月 1 日的新成员，包括印度尼西亚、沙特阿拉伯、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、伊朗和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的外交部长在里约热内卢举行会议后发表了一份宣言，其中包括承诺在人工智能方面优先考虑透明度、道德标准、数据保护和公平的发展成果，特别是在解决国家之间和国家内部的数字和数据不平等方面。金砖+外长强调在联合国框架内建立包容性、代表性的人工智能国际治理的重要性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 April 2025", "title": "Kazakhstan and Russia team up to boost AI and tech innovation", "url": "https://en.trend.az/business/4025732.html", "description": "ASTANA, Kazakhstan, April 4. Kazakhstan’s Prime Minister, Olzhas Bektenov, met with Dmitry Grigorenko, Deputy Chairman of the Government and Head of the Government Staff of the Russian Federation, and discussed several topics related to digitalization, artificial intelligence, investment, and innovative development, Trend reports.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯联手推动人工智能和技术创新", "description_zh": "据悉，哈萨克斯坦总理奥尔扎斯·贝克特诺夫和俄罗斯副总理德米特里·格里戈连科会面，讨论数字化、人工智能、投资和创新发展，强调人工智能和数字化伙伴关系在双边关系中的重要性。除此之外，他们还注意到 2025 年晚些时候在阿斯塔纳开设 Alem.ai 国际人工智能中心带来的新机遇。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Russia announces working group to regulate AI", "url": "http://council.gov.ru/events/news/163942/", "description": "Она будет работать при Комитете СФ по конституционному законодательству и государственному строительству, сообщил парламентарий.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯宣布成立工作组来监管人工智能", "description_zh": "俄罗斯联邦宪法立法和国家建设委员会宣布成立一个工作组，负责制定人工智能监管框架。该小组将包括外部专家，并将重点关注创建立法框架，以确保人工智能在公共管理和商业领域的安全使用。该小组还将收集数字经济发展委员会和信息政策委员会的意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "Federal Law establishing Digital Innovation and AI in Experimental Legal Regimes enters into force", "url": "https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/512628-8#bh_note", "description": "Primary source (sozd.duma.gov.ru) dated 4 January 2025 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在实验法律制度中建立数字创新和人工智能的联邦法律生效", "description_zh": "上述法案已生效。该法案扩大了数字创新测试期间发生的损害的责任范围。它提供了跟踪和识别对人工智能相关事件负责的个人的机制，并建立了一个委员会来解决人工智能造成的损害。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='sozd.duma.gov.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /bill/512628-8 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to sozd.duma.gov.ru timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "China and Russia announce cooperation on AI", "url": "https://ai.gov.ru/mediacenter/rossiya-i-kitay-dogovorilis-aktivizirovat-sotrudnichestvo-v-sfere-ii/", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.ru) dated 22 August 2024 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中俄宣布人工智能合作", "description_zh": "中俄两国发表联合声明，宣布双方在人工智能领域开展合作，并成立工作组，就人工智能监管和产业应用交流经验和最佳实践。各方还同意支持金砖国家合作挖掘人工智能领域潜力，欢迎中方设立“中国—金砖国家人工智能发展中心”。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "19 June 2024", "title": "Russia passes Bill No. 512628-8", "url": "https://ai.gov.ru/mediacenter/gosduma-prinyala-vo-ii-chtenii-zakonoproekt-o-strakhovanii-riskov-ot-primeneniya-tekhnologiy-ii/", "description": "Primary source (ai.gov.ru) dated 19 June 2024 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯通过第512628-8号法案", "description_zh": "在二读中，国家杜马通过了在实验性法律制度中建立数字创新和人工智能（AI）的法案（法案编号 512628-8）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "Russia adopts amendments to National AI strategy", "url": "http://actual.pravo.gov.ru/text.html#pnum=0001202402150063", "description": "Primary source (actual.pravo.gov.ru) dated 15 February 2024 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯通过国家人工智能战略修正案", "description_zh": "俄罗斯联邦总统通过124号令，修订了《至2030年国家人工智能发展战略》。修正案旨在促进人工智能技术在俄罗斯的发展和应用，重点关注医疗、教育、工业和国防等领域。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 December 2023", "title": "Russia introduces Bill establishing Digital Innovation and AI in Experimental Legal Regimes", "url": "https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/512628-8#bh_note", "description": "Primary source (sozd.duma.gov.ru) dated 15 December 2023 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯提出在实验性法律制度中建立数字创新和人工智能的法案", "description_zh": "在国家杜马提出了在实验法律制度中建立数字创新和人工智能 (AI) 的法案（法案编号 512628-8）。该法案旨在扩大数字创新测试期间发生的损害的责任范围。它提供了跟踪和识别对人工智能相关事件负责的个人的机制，并建立了一个委员会来解决人工智能造成的损害。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='sozd.duma.gov.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /bill/512628-8 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to sozd.duma.gov.ru timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 February 2023", "title": "Russia accelerates its AI Development Program", "url": "https://www.russia-briefing.com/news/russia-accelerates-its-artificial-intelligence-development-program.html/", "description": "Primary source (russia-briefing.com) dated 20 February 2023 in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯加速人工智能发展计划", "description_zh": "俄罗斯政府将在 2023 年 9 月 1 日之前加快对俄罗斯国家技术发展战略（其中规定了在经济和社会所有部门引入人工智能的国家项目和国家计划）进行重大变革。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.russia-briefing.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /news/russia-accelerates-its-artificial-intelligence-development-program.html/ (Caused by NameResolutionError(\"HTTPSConnection(host='www.russia-briefing.com', port=443): Failed to resolve '", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — 10 Point Development Plan (2018)", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/ideas/2018/07/russian-militarys-ai-development-roadmap/149900/", "description": "Harking back to Soviet big science, a 10-point plan calls for new organizations and focus areas, from job training to a giant new R&D campus.", "categories": [ "Defense & Security", "Education & Training" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "10点发展计划（2018年）：", "description_zh": "俄罗斯国防部发布的一项计划概述了重要的公私合作伙伴关系，并呼吁关注军事人工智能的关键研发步骤。其10点是：（1）组建人工智能和大数据联盟，（2）获得自动化专业知识，（3）创建人工智能培训和教育的国家体系，（4）在时代科技城建立人工智能实验室，（5）建立国家人工智能中心，（6）监测全球人工智能发展，（7）举行人工智能战争游戏，（8）检查人工智能合规性，（9）在国内军事论坛上讨论人工智能提案，（10）举办年度人工智能会议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Amendments to the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Russia (Decree no. 124) (2024)", "url": "http://actual.pravo.gov.ru/text.html#pnum=0001202402150063", "description": "Primary source (actual.pravo.gov.ru) in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯人工智能发展国家战略修正案（第 124 号法令）（2024 年）：", "description_zh": "该法令修订了《至2030年国家人工智能发展战略》。修正案旨在促进人工智能技术在俄罗斯的发展和应用，重点关注医疗、教育、工业和国防等领域。该法令列出了制定监管框架应遵循的原则，例如安全、尊重自主和人的意志自由以及以风险为导向的方法。该法令还规定，不应允许将道德上负责的决策委托给人工智能系统，算法和数据处理方法应经过测试和专家评估，以确保与偏见和歧视风险相关的风险得到解决。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Federal Law establishing Digital Innovation and AI in Experimental Legal Regimes (Bill No. 512628-8) (2023)", "url": "https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/512628-8#bh_note", "description": "Primary source (sozd.duma.gov.ru) in RU. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在实验法律制度中建立数字创新和人工智能的联邦法律（法案编号 512628-8）（2023 年）：", "description_zh": "该法案扩大了数字创新测试期间发生的损害的责任范围。它提供了跟踪和识别对人工智能相关事件负责的个人的机制，并建立了一个委员会来解决人工智能造成的损害。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='sozd.duma.gov.ru', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /bill/512628-8 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to sozd.duma.gov.ru timed out. (connect timeout=8.0)'))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Russian Law No. 258-FZ (2021)", "url": "http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45796", "description": "1. Настоящий Федеральный закон определяет цели и принципы экспериментальных правовых режимов в сфере цифровых и технологических инноваций, круг участников экспериментальных правовых режимов в сфере цифровых и технологических инноваций, а также регулирует отношения, связанные с их установлением и реализацией, в том числе изменением, приостановлением, прекращением, мониторингом, оценкой их эффективности и результативности. (В редакции Федерального закона от 28.12.2024 № 523-ФЗ)", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯法律第 258-FZ (2021) 号：", "description_zh": "该法律为整个俄罗斯建立了一个监管沙箱。它旨在促进人工智能、量子技术、大数据和机器人技术的发展。要参加，企业家和组织必须向经济发展部提交申请以获得批准。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Russian Law No. 123-FZ (2020)", "url": "http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/45475", "description": "1. С 1 июля 2020 года провести в субъекте Российской Федерации - городе федерального значения Москве эксперимент по установлению специального регулирования в целях создания необходимых условий для разработки и внедрения технологий искусственного интеллекта в субъекте Российской Федерации - городе федерального значения Москве, а также последующего возможного использования результатов применения искусственного интеллекта.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯法律第 123-FZ (2020) 号：", "description_zh": "该法律在莫斯科建立了一个实验性法律制度（通常称为监管沙箱）。它的目标是在五年内促进创新。该法还修订了俄罗斯的个人数据保护法，允许处理俄罗斯公民的匿名个人健康数据。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Federal Law No. 34-FZ (2019)", "url": "http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201903180027", "description": "Федеральный закон от 18.03.2019 № 34-ФЗ \"О внесении изменений в части первую, вторую и статью 1124 части третьей Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации\"", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 34-FZ 号联邦法律 (2019)：", "description_zh": "该法也称为《数字权利法》，引入了几个新的法律概念，包括数字权利、电子交易、智能合约和大数据。该法律旨在促进俄罗斯数字经济发展有效的法律框架，反映当前的数字技术和包括大数据和人工智能在内的挑战。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Code of Ethics of AI (2021)", "url": "https://ethics.a-ai.ru/", "description": "The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) is spreading at a rapid pace covering more and more areas of human life. This sweeping proliferation of AI technologies raises concerns in society: how safe is AI for humans, in what areas is it acceptable to use AI, who will be responsible for the actions of AI?", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能道德准则 (2021)：", "description_zh": "这是一个适用于人工智能技术开发（仅限民用发展）的非约束性指导原则和规则的统一体系。其原则是：（1）人工智能技术发展的首要任务是保护广大人类特别是每个人的利益和权利；（2）创造和使用人工智能时必须充分承担责任；（3）人类始终对人工智能系统应用的后果负责；（4）人工智能技术应按照预期目的使用，并在造福于人类的地方进行融合；（5）人工智能技术发展的利益高于竞争利益；（6）有关人工智能技术的信息最大限度地透明和可靠。人工智能技术的发展水平，其能力和风险至关重要。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "Russia draft Law on Fundamentals of State Regulation of AI Technologies", "url": "https://regulation.gov.ru/projects/166424/", "description": "The Russian Ministry of Digital Development closed consultation on the draft Law on Fundamentals of State Regulation of AI Technologies, requiring AI operators to appoint responsible persons, guarantee IP absence in training data, localise AI model training within Russia, restrict use to trusted AI models in state systems, inform users of AI application, and conduct testing, monitoring, and risk modelling.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Government Use" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄罗斯起草人工智能技术国家监管基本法", "description_zh": "俄罗斯数字发展部就《人工智能技术国家监管基本法》草案完成磋商，要求人工智能运营商指定负责人，保证训练数据中不包含知识产权，在俄罗斯境内本地化人工智能模型训练，限制在国家系统中使用可信人工智能模型，告知人工智能应用用户，并进行测试、监控和风险建模。" } ], "entry_count": 196, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "643" }, { "id": "KN", "title": "Saint Kitts and Nevis", "entries": [ { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "St Kitts and Nevis pioneers AI-powered assistant to answer questions about its laws", "url": "https://www.sknis.gov.kn/2024/12/03/st-kitts-and-nevis-pioneers-ai-powered-assistant-to-answer-questions-about-its-laws/#:~:text=With%20this%20initiative%2C%20St.,on%20the%20laws%20of%20St.", "description": "Basseterre, St. Kitts, December 02, 2024 (MJLA): St. Kitts and Nevis, by way of its Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs, has taken a significant leap forward in making information about its laws and government policies accessible to its citizens and residents with the launch of VoiceIT, an artificial intelligence-powered assistant. With this initiative, St. Kitts and Nevis is the first country in the Caribbean to integrate artificial intelligence into government services to provide legal and regulatory responses directly to the public.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣基茨和尼维斯率先推出人工智能助手来回答有关其法律的问题", "description_zh": "据悉，圣基茨和尼维斯成为加勒比地区第一个将人工智能纳入政府服务的国家，推出了旨在直接向公众提供法律和监管信息的虚拟助手VoiceIT。 VoiceIT 使用先进的生成人工智能进行开发，并接受当地法律和政策的培训，旨在提高透明度和可访问性，与司法和法律事务部的目标保持一致。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "659" }, { "id": "VC", "title": "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "670" }, { "id": "SN", "title": "Senegal", "entries": [ { "title": "Senegal National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence (2023)", "url": "https://www.mctn.sn/mediatheque/documentation/la-strat%C3%A9gie-ia", "description": "Primary source (mctn.sn): Ministère de la Communication, des Télécommunications et du Numérique.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塞内加尔国家人工智能发展战略（2023）：", "description_zh": "塞内加尔国家人工智能战略于 2023 年 9 月启动，由通信、电信和数字经济部 (MCTEN) 监督。该战略以《2025 年数字战略》和《国家数据战略》等现有数字举措为基础。 SNDIA 致力于培养人才能力、促进负责任的人工智能治理以及创造区域协同效应，将塞内加尔打造成西非的人工智能中心。虽然该战略纳入了人工智能的道德方法，但具体细节仍有待详细阐述。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "686" }, { "id": "SC", "title": "Seychelles", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "690" }, { "id": "SX", "title": "Sint Maarten", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "534" }, { "id": "SI", "title": "Slovenia", "entries": [ { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's opinion on the obligation to keep records of processing activities (No. 07121-1/2025/912)", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/mnenja-zvop-2/vodenje-evidence-dejavnosti-obdelave-1753332790", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Slovenian Information Commissioner issued an opinion on the records of processing activities under the General Data Protection Regulation and Slovenia's personal data protection Act. It was highlighted that companies and organisations with fewer than 250 employees are generally exempt. It was however, emphasised that the companies must still keep records if the processing poses risks to individuals’ rights and freedoms, is not occasional, or involves special categories of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员关于保存处理活动记录义务的意见（第07121-1/2025/912号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，斯洛文尼亚信息专员根据《通用数据保护条例》和《斯洛文尼亚个人数据保护法》就处理活动记录发表了意见。有人强调，员工少于 250 人的公司和组织通常可以豁免。然而，有人强调，如果处理对个人权利和自由构成风险、并非偶然或涉及特殊类别……，公司仍必须保存记录。" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's opinion on the transmission of personal data within the Internal Market Information System (No. 07120-1/2025/326)", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/mnenja-zvop-2/posredovanje-osebnih-podatkov-preko-imi-1753176284", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Slovenian Information Commissioner adopted an opinion on the transmission of personal data within the Internal Market Information System (IMI) to competent authorities in EU Member States. It was highlighted that any such transfer must be based on an appropriate legal basis provided in EU legislation, including the IMI Regulation, or in national law, and carried out in accordance with sector-specific procedural rules. The opinion reiterated that IMI participants may proce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员关于内部市场信息系统内个人数据传输的意见（第07120-1/2025/326号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 22 日，斯洛文尼亚信息专员通过了关于在内部市场信息系统 (IMI) 内向欧盟成员国主管当局传输个人数据的意见。有人强调，任何此类转让都必须基于欧盟立法（包括 IMI 法规）或国家法律规定的适当法律依据，并按照特定部门的程序规则进行。该意见重申，IMI 参与者可能会继续..." }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner guidance on validity of child consent for personal data processing in online prize draws (No. 07121-1/2025/922) (No. 07121-1/2025/922)", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/mnenja-zvop-2/prijava-otrok-v-%C5%BEreb-nagradne-igre-1753350438", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the Slovenian Information Commissioner adopted an opinion clarifying that children under 15 cannot validly consent to the processing of personal data for online prize draws without parental approval. However, it was highlighted that children aged 15 and above may consent independently if the activity does not significantly impact their lives. The opinion applies to organisers of direct marketing and promotional prize games involving children’s data and highlights that consent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员关于网上抽奖中个人数据处理儿童同意有效性的指南（第 07121-1/2025/922 号）（第 07121-1/2025/922 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 24 日，斯洛文尼亚信息专员通过了一项意见，澄清未经父母批准，15 岁以下儿童不能有效同意处理在线抽奖的个人数据。不过，有人强调，如果活动不会对他们的生活产生重大影响，15 岁及以上的儿童可以独立同意。该意见适用于涉及儿童数据的直销和促销有奖游戏的组织者，并强调同意......" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's opinion on exercising the right to access personal data through an authorised representative, including obligations of the operator (No. 07120-1/2025/328)", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/mnenja-zvop-2/uveljavljanje-pravice-dostopa-do-osebnih-podatkov-po-poobla%C5%A1%C4%8Dencu-1753263301", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Information Commissioner of Slovenia issued an opinion on access to personal data by proxy. It was highlighted that individuals may exercise this right directly, through a legal representative, or through an authorised representative. It was also specified that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Slovenian Personal Data Protection Act (ZVOP-2) do not regulate proxy requests in detail, so the General Administrative Procedure Act (ZUP) applies. Under the G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员关于通过授权代表行使访问个人数据的权利的意见，包括运营商的义务（第07120-1/2025/328号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，斯洛文尼亚信息专员发布了关于代理访问个人数据的意见。有人强调，个人可以通过法定代表或授权代表直接行使这项权利。还明确指出，《一般数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和《斯洛文尼亚个人数据保护法》(ZVOP-2) 并未详细规范代理请求，因此适用《一般行政程序法》(ZUP)。在G..." }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's opinion on patient access and management of health record requests (No. 07121-1/2025/573)", "url": "https://www.ip-rs.si/mnenja-zvop-2/obve%C5%A1%C4%8Danje-posameznikov-o-vpisih-v-zdravstveno-dokumentacijo-in-hramba-zahtevkov-posameznikov-1753162604", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Information Commissioner (IP) adopted an opinion on the obligations of personal physicians to inform patients about how personal data is recorded in health documentation and whether such patient inquiries must be stored. The opinion clarifies that patients have the right to access and obtain copies of their medical records, including electronic versions, but doctors are not required to explain in advance how data is entered or organised. Patient requests related to their ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员关于患者访问和健康记录请求管理的意见（第07121-1/2025/573号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 22 日，信息专员 (IP) 通过了一项关于私人医生有义务告知患者个人数据如何记录在健康文件中以及是否必须存储此类患者查询的意见。该意见明确，患者有权查阅和获取其病历副本，包括电子版本，但医生无需提前解释数据是如何输入或组织的。患者的请求与他们的..." }, { "title": "Digitalna Slovenija 2030 (Digital Slovenia 2030) - National strategy for digital transformation", "url": "https://digital-compass.ec.europa.eu/en", "description": "AI law in Slovenia: Digitalna Slovenija 2030 is the Republic of Slovenia’s national, cross-sectoral strategy for digital transformation adopted on 23 March 2023. It sets vision, targets and indicators across six priority domains (gigabit infrastructure, digital skills & inclusion, digital transformation of the economy, path to Society 5.0, digital public services, and cybersecurity) and aligns national goals with the EU Digital Decade....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Digitalna Slovenija 2030（数字斯洛文尼亚 2030）——数字化转型国家战略", "description_zh": "斯洛文尼亚的人工智能法：Digitalna Slovenija 2030 是斯洛文尼亚共和国于 2023 年 3 月 23 日通过的国家跨部门数字化转型战略。它设定了六个优先领域（千兆位基础设施、数字技能和包容性、经济数字化转型、社会 5.0 之路、数字公共服务和网络安全）的愿景、目标和指标，并使国家目标与欧盟数字十年保持一致。" }, { "title": "Zakon o izvajanju Uredbe (EU) o določitvi harmoniziranih pravil o umetni inteligenci / Act on the Implementation of the (EU) Regulation on Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (national implementing act)", "url": "https://www.gov.si/novice/2025-10-24-slovenija-med-vodilnimi-pri-uvajanju-evropske-uredbe-o-umetni-inteligenci/", "description": "AI law in Slovenia: This Act (ZIUDHPUI) designates the national authorities, enforcement and market‑surveillance framework, and supporting measures for implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Regulation) in Slovenia. It does not create new substantive obligations for AI systems beyond the EU Regulation, but prescribes which Slovenian bodies will perform notification, conformity, inspection, enforcement, and support (including sandboxes and public awareness) functions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zakon o izvajanju Uredbe (EU) o določitvi Harmoniziranih pravil o umetni inteligenci / 《（欧盟）人工智能协调规则条例实施法》（国家实施法）", "description_zh": "斯洛文尼亚的人工智能法：该法案 (ZIUDHPUI) 指定了斯洛文尼亚实施法规 (EU) 2024/1689（欧盟人工智能法规）的国家当局、执法和市场监督框架以及支持措施。它没有为人工智能系统设定超出欧盟法规的新的实质性义务，但规定了斯洛文尼亚的哪些机构将履行通知、合规、检查、执行和支持（包括沙箱和公众意识）职能……" }, { "title": "National Programme for the Promotion of the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Slovenia until 2025 (NpUI)", "url": "https://www.gov.si/novice/2021-06-03-vlada-sprejela-in-potrdila-nacionalni-program-spodbujanja-razvoja-in-uporabe-umetne-inteligence/", "description": "AI law in Slovenia: The NpUI (2021–2025) is Slovenia’s national strategic programme to stimulate research, development and deployment of artificial intelligence across public administration, industry and society. Adopted by the Government in May–June 2021, it defines ten strategic objectives, priority sectors, governance arrangements and implementation measures to 2025, and assigns coordination and monitoring responsibilities to the Ministry of Public Administration (now within the Ministry for Digital Transformation)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯洛文尼亚共和国至 2025 年促进人工智能开发和使用的国家计划 (NpUI)", "description_zh": "斯洛文尼亚的人工智能法：NpUI（2021-2025）是斯洛文尼亚的国家战略计划，旨在促进公共管理、行业和社会人工智能的研究、开发和部署。政府于 2021 年 5 月至 6 月通过，确定了到 2025 年的十大战略目标、优先领域、治理安排和实施措施，并将协调和监督职责分配给公共管理部（现隶属于数字化转型部）……" }, { "title": "Strategy for Digital Public Services 2030 (Strategija digitalnih javnih storitev 2030)", "url": "https://www.gov.si/drzavni-organi/ministrstva/ministrstvo-za-digitalno-preobrazbo/o-ministrstvu/", "description": "AI law in Slovenia: The Strategy for Digital Public Services 2030 sets Slovenia's national roadmap to deliver citizen- and business-centric digital public services by 2030. It establishes three headline targets (online availability of key services, 80% digital completion, and 80% digital identity use) and defines strategic objectives, institutional responsibilities and a biennially updated action plan to implement interoperable, secure and inclusive e-services across the public sector....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2030 年数字公共服务战略 (Strategija digitalnih javnih storitev 2030)", "description_zh": "斯洛文尼亚的人工智能法：2030年数字公共服务战略制定了斯洛文尼亚的国家路线图，到2030年提供以公民和企业为中心的数字公共服务。它确立了三个主要目标（关键服务的在线可用性、80%的数字完成率和80%的数字身份使用），并定义了战略目标、机构责任和每两年更新的行动计划，以在整个公共部门实施可互操作、安全和包容的电子服务。" }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Slovenia adopts act implementing EU AI Act", "url": "https://e-uprava.gov.si/si/drzava-in-druzba/e-demokracija/predlogi-predpisov/predlog-predpisa.html?id=17671&lang=si", "description": "Skoči na filtre seznama Filtriranje se bo izvedlo ob spremembi izbire filtra in ne zahteva dodatne potrditve.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯洛文尼亚通过实施欧盟人工智能法案的法案", "description_zh": "斯洛文尼亚通过了一项实施欧盟人工智能法案（法案 2025-3150-0003）的法案。该法案指定各部委和机构作为通知机构，并责成通信网络和服务局维护高风险人工智能系统的公共登记册。该法案规定罚款从 25,000 欧元到 450,000 欧元不等，严重违规的罚款最高可达 7,500,000 欧元。该法案将于斯洛文尼亚官方公报发布 15 天后生效。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "签署《巴黎人工智能宪章》", "description_zh": "智利、芬兰、法国、德国、印度、肯尼亚、摩洛哥、尼日利亚、斯洛文尼亚和瑞士通过了《公共利益人工智能（AI）巴黎宪章》。章程（1）旨在确保人工智能发展服务于公共利益，注重公平、透明、问责和可持续性； (2) 通过现有框架鼓励人工智能的开放性和问责制； (3) 呼吁针对人工智能的潜在危害采取保障措施，同时提出实现其公共利益最大化的积极愿景，包括通过开放公共产品、民主参与和可持续解决方案； (4) 强调可获取的高质量数据、隐私保护以及更小、更本地化的人工智能模型的重要性，以减少对环境的影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 11, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "705" }, { "id": "SO", "title": "Somalia", "entries": [ { "date": "20 September 2025", "title": "Somalia and Saudi Arabia agree to cooperate on AI and space technology regulation", "url": "https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2025/Sept/202794/somalia_saudi_arabia_agree_to_cooperate_on_ai_and_space_technology_regulation.aspx", "description": "Riyadh (HOL) — Somalia and Saudi Arabia have agreed to develop a framework for cooperation on regulating artificial intelligence (AI) and space technology.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "索马里和沙特阿拉伯同意在人工智能和空间技术监管方面进行合作", "description_zh": "据悉，索马里和沙特阿拉伯已同意在监管人工智能和太空技术方面进行合作。该协议由索马里国家通信管理局局长 Mustafa Yasin Sheikh 和沙特阿拉伯通信、空间和技术委员会主席 Haitham Al-Ohaly 在全球监管机构研讨会 (GSR-25) 期间在利雅得签署。这一伙伴关系旨在建立监管合作、分享专业知识并创建框架来指导人工智能和空间技术的负责任增长，同时探索基础设施共享和更广泛的数字合作的机会。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "706" }, { "id": "SS", "title": "South Sudan", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "728" }, { "id": "SD", "title": "Sudan", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "729" }, { "id": "SZ", "title": "Eswatini (fmr. 'Swaziland')", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "748" }, { "id": "CH", "title": "Switzerland", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-09-25", "title": "Revised Swiss data protection law", "url": "https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/staat/gesetzgebung/datenschutzstaerkung.html", "description": "The Swiss parliament adopts the revised data protecion law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-25", "title": "Individual liability in revised Swiss data protection law", "url": "https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/staat/gesetzgebung/datenschutzstaerkung.html", "description": "The Swiss parliament adopts the revised data protecion law which includes an individual staff liability clause. Individual staff members are thus liable for data governance violations with fines up to 250`000 Swiss Francs.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-01", "title": "Local content requirement in Amendment of Film Act", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/oc/2023/531/de", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the Amendment to the Federal Act on Film Production and Film Culture entered into force. The Amendment introduces a requirement for streaming platforms to reserve 30 per cent of their catalogue for European content. The obligation also applies to companies that are based abroad and target the Swiss public. However, there are exemptions for this obligation for companies that do not reach a certain minimum turnover, that only offer films sporadically, or if the obligation app...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-09", "title": "Revised Swiss Federal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/staat/gesetzgebung/datenschutzstaerkung.html", "description": "On 1 September 2023, the revised Federal Data Protection Act is envisioned to enter into force. The Federal Council must still confirm its implementation. \nFirstly, the revision establishes that data relating to legal entities will no longer be protected by the DPA. Data controllers are requested to disclose their identity and contact details, and the purpose of their data processing operations. The Act obliges data controllers to perform a data protection impact assessment for high-risk proc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-13", "title": "EDÖB investigation into Fedpol, BAZG, and Xplain AG over alleged breaches of data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/nsb_mm.msg-id-96694.html", "description": "On 13 July 2023, the Swiss Federal Data Protection Authority (EDÖB) extended its investigative activities to Xplain AG, a Swiss software development company. In particular, the investigation questions the access, through Xplains' software, by employees of the Federal Office of Customs and Border Security (BAZG) to the national search register RIPOL run by the Federal Office of Police (fedpol).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-17", "title": "Data protection authority investigation into dating app Once", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/nsb_mm.msg-id-95660.html", "description": "On 17 May 2023, the Swiss Data Protection Authority (EDÖB) concluded its investigations into ONCE, a dating app. The investigation aimed to clarify whether the handling of deletion requests and the disclosure of personal data to third parties are compliant with data protection regulations. The EDÖB concluded that although the requests for deletion received were processed within a short period of time, the deletion concept as a whole was inadequate. In addition, the relevant information about ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-31", "title": "Fact Sheet on Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/dsfa.html", "description": "On 31 August 2023, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner of Switzerland (FDPIC ) published guidelines on the obligation to conduct data protection impact assessment (DPIA). The guidelines were issued to clarify new obligations following the entry into force of the revised Data Protection Act, which requires federal bodies and private individuals to conduct a DPIA if the planned data processing entails a high risk to the data subjects' rights. The guidelines provide informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-22", "title": "Inquiry into the possible approaches to the regulation of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-98791.html", "description": "On 22 November 2023, the Swiss Federal Council announced an inquiry into the possible approaches to the regulation of artificial intelligence. The Council aims to leverage the benefits of AI while mitigating societal risks. In pursuit of this goal, the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) has been tasked with developing an overview of potential regulatory frameworks for artificial intelligence. This overview is expected to be completed by the end of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-12", "title": "Digital Switzerland Strategy 2024", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen/bundesrat.msg-id-99264.html", "description": "On 8 December 2023, the Swiss Federal Council adopted its annual priorities under the Digital Switzerland Strategy on the country's digital transformation. In particular, the Federal Council identified the following priorities for 2024: cybersecurity, AI regulation, and electronic interfaces (API).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner investigation into legality of Digitec Galaxus' customer account requirement", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/digitec-galaxus-en", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) concluded its investigation into Digitec Galaxus regarding the mandatory customer account requirement for purchases. The investigation addressed the linking of the ordering process to account creation and the associated data processing, which the FDPIC had previously found in April 2024 to violate the principles of transparency and proportionality under the applicable law. The FDPIC issued formal recommendat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "FINMA inquiry on AI governance and risk management", "url": "https://www.finma.ch/de/news/2024/12/20241218-mm-finma-am-08-24/?pk_campaign=News-Service&pk_kwd=FINMA-Aufsichtsmitteilung%20zu%20Governance%20und%20Risikomanagement%20beim%20Einsatz%20von%20K%C3%BCnstlicher%20Intelligenz", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) concluded its inquiry with the publication of Supervisory Notice 08/2024, focusing on governance and risk management in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Swiss financial market. This inquiry, part of FINMA's ongoing supervisory activities, aimed to address the increasing use of AI in the financial market and the associated operational, IT, cyber, legal, and reputational risks. The notice outlines the ob...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-20", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner investigation into potential data protection violations by Concevis SA", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/completion-informal-preliminary-enquiry-due-to-indications-of-data-protection-violations", "description": "On 20 December 2024, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) concluded its informal preliminary investigation on data protection violations into Concevis SA, initiated due to a ransomware attack in November 2023. The FDPIC determined that a formal investigation was not necessary as no serious breaches were found. However, the FDPIC highlighted the need for clearer data processing agreements, emphasising that contracts between federal offices and service provider...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner guidelines on reporting data security breaches", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/guidelines-data-breach", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) adopted guidelines outlining the requirements for reporting data security breaches. These guidelines specify the legal obligations for data controllers to notify the FDPIC of breaches that pose a likely high risk to the personality or fundamental rights of data subjects, as defined under Article 24 of the Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP). Controllers must report data security breaches to the FDPIC ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-20", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner investigation into X's use of personal data for training AI Grok", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/conclusion-investigation-x-grok", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) concluded its preliminary investigation into X, formerly Twitter, concerning the utilisation of personal data from Platform X for training its artificial intelligence system, Grok. Following reports in early summer 2024 about the data processing practices, the investigation aimed to assess the transparency of these operations and the opt-out options for users. During this formal enquiry, X designated a local re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-05", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner's guidance on applicability of data protection law to artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/fr/update-loi-actuelle-applicable-ia", "description": "On 8 May 2025, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) of Switzerland released guidance affirming that the current Data Protection Act (DPA), effective since 1 September 2023, is directly applicable to data processing operations involving artificial intelligence (AI). The guidance was issued following Switzerland's signing of the Council of Europe Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights in March 2025. The FDPIC noted that the DPA, formulated in a techno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-09", "title": "Framework on secondary data use in Federal Council's priorities for 2026", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/de/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/pFjsrTzFDkAt/Rohstoff+zu+BRA+BK+20250722+Ziele+des+Bundesrates+2026_Deutsch.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-08-09 for Switzerland concerning Framework on secondary data use in Federal Council's priorities for 2026. See the linked cms.news.admin.ch source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner guidelines on data processing using cookies and similar technologies (Version 1.1)", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/dam/en/sd-web/brLL9rM3ny9d/Leitfaden%20des%20ED%C3%96B%20betreffend%20Datenbearbeitungen%20mittels%20Cookies%20und%20%C3%A4hnlichen%20Technologien%20V.%201.1%20vom%2006.10.2025_EN.pdf", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) released version 1.1 of the guidelines on data processing using cookies and similar technologies, updating the first finalised version of 22 January 2025. The revised guidelines introduce several additions and clarifications, including an expanded footnote 5, a new sentence in section 3.1.2 on personal identifiability through cookies, and a clarification in the final sentence of section 3.2.2 regarding data co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in amendment to Financial Institutions Act", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/en/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/Or-Mi5NSFvdm/finig-gesetz-de.pdf", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Federal Council closes the consultation on the amendment to the Financial Institutions Act, including data protection regulation. The amendment sets out rules for fulfilling information and reporting obligations to the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA). It requires correspondence to be conducted electronically via a FINMA-provided platform for all authorised, recognised, admitted, or registered entities, as well as audit firms. It also specifies tha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 January 2023", "title": "Revised Data Protection Ordinance (DSV)", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-90134.html/", "description": "On 1 September 2023, the revised Data Protection Ordinance (DSV) enters into force. The amendments include minimum data security obligations and requirements for the notification of data security breaches. For private data controllers with fewer than 250 employees, the ordinance regulates the circumstances under which they are exempt from the obligation to keep a register of processing activities. Furthermore, the ordinance sets out the criteria employed by the Federal Council to assess wheth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订资料保障条例 (DSV)", "description_zh": "修订后的《数据保护条例》(DSV) 于 2023 年 9 月 1 日生效。修正案包括最低数据安全义务和数据安全漏洞通知要求。对于员工人数少于 250 名的私人数据控制者，该条例规定了在何种情况下他们可以免除保存处理活动登记册的义务。此外，该法令规定了联邦委员会用来评估是否……的标准。" }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Investment in local content obligation in Amendment of Film Act", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/oc/2023/531/de", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the Amendment to the Federal Act on Film Production and Film Culture entered into force. The Amendment requires streaming companies to invest 4% of their turnover in Switzerland into the production of local content. If streaming providers do not wish to invest the 4% they can alternatively pay the same amount as a levy to the Federal Office of Culture.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电影法修正案中的本地内容投资义务", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 1 日，《联邦电影制作和电影文化法修正案》生效。该修正案要求流媒体公司将其在瑞士营业额的 4% 投资于本地内容的制作。如果流媒体提供商不想投资 4%，他们也可以向联邦文化办公室支付与征费相同的金额。" }, { "date": "18 June 2021", "title": "Guidance on third-country data transfers", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/dam/edoeb/en/dokumente/2021/Anleitung%20f%C3%BCr%20die%20Pr%C3%BCfung%20von%20Daten%C3%BCbermittlungen%20mit%20Auslandbezug%20EN.pdf.download.pdf/Anleitung%20f%C3%BCr%20die%20Pr%C3%BCfung%20von%20Daten%C3%BCbermittlungen%20mit%20Auslandbezug%20EN.pdf", "description": "The Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner issues a guidance on data transfers to foreign countries. It is intended to improve the assessment of the permissibility of transfers of personal data abroad and includes a flow chart on the circumstances in which a transfer to foreign countries is allowed and a list of third countries which ensure adequate level of data protection. If a country is not on this list, data exporters must carry out their own legal clarifications. If the l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第三国数据传输指南", "description_zh": "联邦数据保护和信息专员发布了有关向国外传输数据的指南。它旨在改进对个人数据向国外转移的允许性的评估，并包括允许向国外转移的情况的流程图以及确保充分的数据保护水平的第三国名单。 如果某个国家/地区不在此列表中，数据出口者必须自行进行法律澄清。如果我..." }, { "date": "27 August 2021", "title": "Switzerland adoption of Standard contractual clauses for the transfer of personal data to third countries", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/en/home/kurzmeldungen/20210827_datenuebermittlung_ausland.html", "description": "The new EU standard contractual clauses, which were adopted by the EC on 4 June 2021, are recognised as sufficient guarantees for the transfer of personal data to third countries without a sufficient data protection level by the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner if correctly adapted to use under Swiss data protection law. Previously recognised SCCs can still be included until 27 September 2021 and can be used until 31 December 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士采用向第三国传输个人数据的标准合同条款", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会于 2021 年 6 月 4 日通过的新欧盟标准合同条款，如果根据瑞士数据保护法正确调整使用，则被联邦数据保护和信息专员视为将个人数据传输到没有足够数据保护级别的第三国的充分保证。之前认可的 SCC 在 2021 年 9 月 27 日之前仍然可以包含在内，并且可以在 2022 年 12 月 31 日之前使用。" }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in amendment to Telecommunication Ordinance", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-91576.html", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the amendment of the Swiss Telecommunication Ordinance entered into force. In particular, the amendment requires internet service providers to increase preventive cyber security measures and establish a procedure to communicate cyber attacks to Federal authorities if these affect more than 10'000 people (30'000 in previous drafts). Moreover, 5G critical infrastructures shall comply with recognized security standards and exercise their network management operations in Switze...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《电讯条例》中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2023年1月1日，瑞士电信条例修正案生效。特别是，该修正案要求互联网服务提供商加强预防性网络安全措施，并建立一个程序，如果网络攻击影响超过 10,000 人（之前的草案为 30,000 人），则向联邦当局通报网络攻击。此外，5G关键基础设施应遵守公认的安全标准，并在瑞士进行网络管理运营……" }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Amendment to Information Security Act including cybersecurity breach reporting obligation", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen/bundesrat.msg-id-104400.html", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the enforcement of fines under the amended Information Security Act begins. Since 1 April 2025, operators including cloud computing providers, search engines, digital security and trust services, and data centres in Switzerland have been required to report cyber-attacks within 24 hours of discovery via the Federal Office for Cyber Security (BACS) platform. During the initial six-month period, reporting was mandatory but not subject to penalties. With the introduction of fin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息安全法修正案，包括网络安全违规报告义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，根据修订后的《信息安全法》开始执行罚款。自 2025 年 4 月 1 日起，瑞士的云计算提供商、搜索引擎、数字安全和信任服务以及数据中心等运营商必须在发现网络攻击后 24 小时内通过联邦网络安全办公室 (BACS) 平台报告网络攻击。在最初的六个月期间，报告是强制性的，但不会受到处罚。随着鳍的引入..." }, { "date": "9 January 2023", "title": "Revised Ordinance on Data Certifications (VDSZ)", "url": "https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/aktuell/mm.msg-id-90134.html", "description": "On 1 September 2023, the revised Data Ordinance on Data Protection Certifications (VDSZ) is implemented. The Ordinance details how to obtain Data Protection Certifications, which can regard management systems, and services relating to the retention, processing, and transfer of data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订数据认证条例（VDSZ）", "description_zh": "修订后的《数据保护认证数据条例》(VDSZ) 于 2023 年 9 月 1 日实施。该条例详细说明了如何获得数据保护认证，该认证涉及与数据保留、处理和传输相关的管理系统和服务。" }, { "date": "9 January 2023", "title": "Switzerland adequacy list of countries receiving personal data transfers", "url": "https://www.bj.admin.ch/bj/de/home/staat/datenschutz/internationales/anerkennung-staaten.html", "description": "On 1 September 2023, the draft list of countries that are approved to receive personal data transfers out of Switzerland adopted by the Swiss government under Article 16 of the amended Swiss Data Protection Act was implemented. The list is annexed to the Bundesrat Ordinance to the Federal Data Protection Act. The list comprises a total of 43 States and territories considered to have adequate data protection notably: Germany, Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Den...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士接收个人数据传输的国家/地区充分名单", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 1 日，瑞士政府根据修订后的《瑞士数据保护法》第 16 条通过的批准接收瑞士境外个人数据传输的国家名单草案开始实施。该清单附于《联邦数据保护法》的联邦参议院条例中。该名单总共包括 43 个被认为拥有充分数据保护的国家和地区，特别是：德国、安道尔、阿根廷、奥地利、比利时、保加利亚、加拿大、克罗地亚、丹麦……" }, { "date": "10 June 2023", "title": "FDPIC investigation into Oracle over alleged illegal tracking practices", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/fr/home/kurzmeldungen/20231005_oracle.html", "description": "On 6 October 2023, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) closed its investigation into Oracle over alleged illegal data tracking practices. The FDPIC found that Oracle's data processing did not violate the privacy rights of internet users in Switzerland. The investigation was initiated following a class action lawsuit against Oracle in the US in order to determine whether the claims brought forward affected individuals residing in Switzerland. The FDPIC focuse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FDPIC 对 Oracle 涉嫌非法跟踪行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 6 日，瑞士联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 结束了对 Oracle 涉嫌非法数据跟踪行为的调查。 FDPIC 发现 Oracle 的数据处理并未侵犯瑞士互联网用户的隐私权。该调查是在美国对甲骨文提起集体诉讼后启动的，目的是确定这些索赔是否涉及居住在瑞士的受影响个人。 FDPIC 重点..." }, { "date": "12 January 2022", "title": "Human Genetic Testing Act (HGTA)", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/oc/2022/537/de", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the Switzerland Human Genetic Testing Act (HGTA) entered into force, repealing the HGTA from 2008. The HGTA expands the oversight to all genetic testing, including genetic data and DNA profiling. The previous Act regulated only genetic testing for medical purposes. The HGTA aims to protect individuals' privacy by preventing abuses in human genetic exams and regulating non-medical genetic examinations. In particular, the HGTA outlines security requirements for laboratories ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人类基因检测法 (HGTA)", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 1 日，瑞士人类基因检测法案 (HGTA) 生效，废除了 2008 年的 HGTA。HGTA 将监管范围扩大到所有基因检测，包括基因数据和 DNA 分析。之前的法案仅监管用于医疗目的的基因检测。 HGTA 旨在通过防止人类基因检查中的滥用和规范非医学基因检查来保护个人隐私。特别是，HGTA 概述了实验室的安全要求......" }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Federal Law on Minor Protection in Film and Videogames", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-92613.html", "description": "On 19 January 2023, the Federal Law on Minor Protection in Film and Videogames including content moderation regulation, entered into force with a grace period. The Federal Council will separately issue the implementation date of the law. The proposal from the committee to submit Law to referendum has not reached the required 50’000 signatures to be approved. The Law aims to protect minors from any content deemed harmful to their physical, mental, social or moral development. In particular, th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电影和电子游戏未成年人保护联邦法中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 19 日，《联邦电影和视频游戏未成年人保护法》（包括内容审核规定）在一段宽限期内生效。联邦委员会将单独发布该法律的实施日期。委员会提出的将法律提交公投的提案尚未达到批准所需的 50,000 个签名。该法旨在保护未成年人免受任何被认为对其身体、心理、社会或道德发展有害的内容的侵害。特别是，那..." }, { "date": "4 April 2023", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner Guideline on the use of ChatGPT and comparable AI-supported applications", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/2023/20230404_chatgpt.html", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner issued a guideline on the use of ChatGPT and comparable AI-supported applications, outlining the data protection requirements providers of AI applications are required to follow. The FDPIC stated that AI application providers must comply with the data protection regulations, including informing users in a \"transparent and understandable manner \"of the purpose of personal data collection and processing. Finally, the FDPI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦数据保护和信息专员关于使用 ChatGPT 和类似人工智能支持的应用程序的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 4 日，联邦数据保护和信息专员发布了关于使用 ChatGPT 和类似人工智能支持的应用程序的指南，概述了人工智能应用程序提供商需要遵循的数据保护要求。 FDPIC 表示，人工智能应用程序提供商必须遵守数据保护法规，包括以“透明且易于理解的方式”告知用户个人数据收集和处理的目的。最后，FDPI..." }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "Switzerland-UK Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-switzerland-kick-off-trade-talks", "description": "On 14 October 2024, the United Kingdom announced the commencement of negotiations for a renewed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Switzerland. The FTA aims to update the existing trade relationship between the countries by expanding their commitments regarding trade in services, goods, intellectual property rights, investment flows, and digital trade and data protection. The current United Kingdom-Switzerland trade agreement does not cover digital trade or cross-border data transfers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士-英国自由贸易协定", "description_zh": "2024年10月14日，英国宣布开始与瑞士续签自由贸易协定（FTA）谈判。自贸协定旨在通过扩大各国在服务贸易、货物贸易、知识产权、投资流动、数字贸易和数据保护方面的承诺来更新各国之间现有的贸易关系。目前的英国-瑞士贸易协定不涵盖数字贸易或跨境数据传输。" }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "Ruling on deletion of a comment by the SRG", "url": "https://www.bger.ch/ext/eurospider/live/fr/php/aza/http/index.php?lang=fr&type=highlight_simple_query&page=1&from_date=&to_date=&sort=relevance&insertion_date=&top_subcollection_aza=all&query_words=2C_1023%2F2021&rank=1&azaclir=aza&highlight_docid=aza%3A%2F%2F29-11-2022-2C_1023-2021&number_of_ranks", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the Swiss federal supreme court (Bundesgericht) ruled that the deletion of a comment on an editorial post by the national radio and television company (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft (SRG)) on one of their online forums or social media channels can be legally challenged. Whether, in a specific case, an impermissible infringement on the freedom of expression of the author is present or not should be examined by the independent authority for radio and televis...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于删除 SRG 评论的裁决", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 29 日，瑞士联邦最高法院 (Bundesgericht) 裁定，国家广播电视公司 (Schweizerische Radio- und Fernsehgesellschaft (SRG)) 在其在线论坛或社交媒体频道之一删除社论帖子的评论可受到法律质疑。在具体案件中，是否存在对作者言论自由的不允许的侵犯，应由广播电视独立机构进行审查......" }, { "date": "11 September 2023", "title": "FDPIC guidance on the Federal Act on Data Protection applicability to AI-supported data processing", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/2023/20231109_ki_dsg.html", "description": "On 9 November 2023, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) issued a statement regarding the Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP) applicability to Artificial Intelligence (AI). FDPIC emphasises the duty of manufacturers, providers and users of AI applications to ensure that data protection regulations are complied with. Furthermore, the FDPIC stated that the federal administration of Switzerland is evaluating different approaches for the regulation of AI, and r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FDPIC 关于《联邦数据保护法》对人工智能支持的数据处理的适用性的指导", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 9 日，瑞士联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 发布了关于《联邦数据保护法》(FADP) 适用于人工智能 (AI) 的声明。 FDPIC 强调人工智能应用的制造商、提供商和用户有责任确保遵守数据保护法规。此外，FDPIC 表示，瑞士联邦政府正在评估监管人工智能的不同方法，并..." }, { "date": "9 August 2020", "title": "Rejection of adequacy decision for the USA based on Swiss-US Privacy Shield", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-80318.html", "description": "On 8 September 2020, the Swiss Data Protection Authority issued its assessment of the Swiss-US privacy shield, concluding that it no longer offers an adequate level of user data protection. The decision was issued in view of the Court of Justice of the European Union's \"Schrems II\" decision invalidating the EU-US privacy shield. As a consequence of the decision, Switzerland removed the US from the list of countries with adequate data protection, to which data transfers are allowed without add...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拒绝美国基于瑞士-美国隐私盾的充分性决定", "description_zh": "2020 年 9 月 8 日，瑞士数据保护局发布了对瑞士-美国隐私保护盾的评估，得出结论认为该保护盾不再提供足够水平的用户数据保护。该决定是鉴于欧盟法院“Schrems II”判决使欧盟-美国隐私护盾无效而做出的。由于这一决定，瑞士将美国从具有充分数据保护的国家名单中删除，该名单允许数据传输而无需添加..." }, { "date": "12 August 2023", "title": "Code of Conduct for the Operation of Trusted Data Spaces", "url": "https://www.bakom.admin.ch/bakom/de/home/digital-und-internet/strategie-digitale-schweiz/datenpolitik/verhaltenskodex.html", "description": "On 8 December 2023, the Federal Office of Communications published the Code of Conduct for the Operation of Trusted Data Spaces, which the agency defines as “organisational and technical structures that connect data users and data providers in order to enable the multiple use of data.” The Code of Conduct serves as an orientation framework for various actors involved in trusted data spaces. It defines four basic principles transparency, control, fairness, and effectiveness and offers recommen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "可信数据空间运营行为准则", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 8 日，联邦通信局发布了《可信数据空间运营行为准则》，该机构将其定义为“连接数据用户和数据提供者以实现数据多重使用的组织和技术结构”。行为准则为参与可信数据空间的各种参与者提供了指导框架。它定义了透明度、控制、公平和有效性的四项基本原则，并提供了建议..." }, { "date": "15 September 2023", "title": "Revision of the Copyright Act including remuneration of journalistic works by online service providers", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-95351.html", "description": "On 15 September 2023, the Federal Council closed a consultation process for amending the Copyright Act, proposing that large online service providers should compensate media companies for using snippets of journalistic works. The consultation aims to address the current lack of remuneration for media companies and journalists when online platforms use their content. The Federal Council suggested requiring online service providers with a substantial user base to pay compensation through a coll...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "版权法修订，包括在线服务提供商对新闻作品的报酬", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 15 日，联邦委员会结束了修订《版权法》的咨询程序，提议大型在线服务提供商应对使用新闻作品片段的媒体公司进行补偿。此次咨询旨在解决目前媒体公司和记者在网络平台使用其内容时缺乏报酬的问题。联邦委员会建议要求拥有大量用户基础的在线服务提供商通过集体支付赔偿..." }, { "date": "28 November 2023", "title": "NCSC guidelines including measures against phishing attacks", "url": "https://www.ncsc.admin.ch/ncsc/de/home/aktuell/im-fokus/2023/wochenrueckblick_47.html", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the Swiss National Center for Cybersecurity (NCSC) recommended measures against phishing attacks targeting hotels. The NCSC advises hotels to take immediate action if infected, such as going offline, changing passwords, and, if confirmed, reinstalling the entire system. Regular backups and keeping systems updated are recommended. Further, hotel guests are urged to follow standard phishing safety measures and report suspicious emails to hotels and booking platforms.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 指南，包括针对网络钓鱼攻击的措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 28 日，瑞士国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 建议采取措施防范针对酒店的网络钓鱼攻击。 NCSC 建议酒店如果受到感染，应立即采取行动，例如下线、更改密码，如果得到确认，则重新安装整个系统。建议定期备份并保持系统更新。此外，我们敦促酒店客人遵循标准的网络钓鱼安全措施，并向酒店和预订平台报告可疑电子邮件。" }, { "date": "23 January 2024", "title": "Guide to Technical and Organisational Data Protection Measures (TOM)", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/en/home/kurzmeldungen/km2024/23012024_leitfaden_tom.html", "description": "On 23 January 2024, the Swiss Data Protection Authority adopted the revised Guide to Technical and Organisational Data Protection Measures (TOM). The guide provides an overview of the risks and solutions associated with data protection in today's information systems. It outlines potential technical and organisational measures such as encryption, anonymisation, and authentication. It covers several aspects of data protection, including processing obligations and data subject rights. The guidel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "技术和组织数据保护措施指南 (TOM)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 23 日，瑞士数据保护局通过了修订后的技术和组织数据保护措施指南 (TOM)。该指南概述了与当今信息系统中的数据保护相关的风险和解决方案。它概述了潜在的技术和组织措施，例如加密、匿名和身份验证。它涵盖了数据保护的多个方面，包括处理义务和数据主体权利。该指南..." }, { "date": "15 May 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning use of evidence from chat monitoring on Instagram", "url": "https://www.bger.ch/ext/eurospider/live/de/php/aza/http/index.php?highlight_docid=aza://15-05-2024-6B_219-2022&lang=de&zoom=&type=show_document", "description": "On 15 May 2024, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court ruled that evidence from chat monitoring on Instagram is admissible in criminal proceedings. The name and details of the complainant were kept anonymous. The ruling highlighted that Instagram users give valid consent to data monitoring by agreeing to the platform's terms of use and privacy policies, which sufficiently inform them of the data collection practices. The ruling also clarified that personal data, including IP addresses and phone numb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于使用 Instagram 聊天监控证据的诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 15 日，瑞士联邦最高法院裁定 Instagram 上的聊天监控证据在刑事诉讼中可以采信。投诉人的姓名和详细信息均保持匿名。该裁决强调，Instagram 用户通过同意该平台的使用条款和隐私政策来有效同意数据监控，这些条款和隐私政策充分告知他们数据收集实践。该裁决还澄清了包括 IP 地址和电话号码在内的个人数据..." }, { "date": "4 November 2024", "title": "FDPIC investigation into Ricardo SA for alleged failure to obtain valid consent for data processing", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/fr/home/kurzmeldungen/nsb_mm.msg-id-102867.html", "description": "On 11 April 2024, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) issued a ruling in its investigation into the auction platform Ricardo for failure to obtain valid consent for data processing. The investigation was initiated in 2017 into Ricardo over alleged failure to obtain valid consent for data processing, including analysis of data entry and personalised advertising display. The investigation also focused on data transmission to TX Group. FDPIC highlighted that persona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FDPIC 因涉嫌未能获得数据处理的有效同意而对 Ricardo SA 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 11 日，联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 对拍卖平台 Ricardo 的调查因未能获得数据处理的有效同意而发布裁决。 该调查于 2017 年启动，针对 Ricardo 涉嫌未能获得数据处理的有效同意，包括数据输入分析和个性化广告展示。调查还集中于向 TX Group 传输数据。 FDPIC 强调了这一角色..." }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner guide on data processing through cookies", "url": "https://backend.edoeb.admin.ch/fileservice/sdweb-docs-prod-edoebch-files/files/2025/01/22/655e6689-48ac-43a6-a5bc-a72a9a715299.pdf", "description": "On 22 January 2025, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner adopted the guide on data processing through cookies. The guide applies to website operators using cookies for non-essential purposes including personalisation and advertising. The guide highlights the principle of transparency, requiring operators to inform users about data collection and processing. It also requires operators to obtain explicit, voluntary, and revocable consent, particularly for high-risk data acti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦数据保护和信息专员关于通过 cookie 进行数据处理的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 22 日，联邦数据保护和信息专员通过了有关通过 cookie 进行数据处理的指南。该指南适用于出于非必要目的（包括个性化和广告）使用 cookie 的网站运营商。该指南强调了透明度原则，要求运营商告知用户有关数据收集和处理的信息。它还要求运营商获得明确的、自愿的和可撤销的同意，特别是对于高风险的数据活动……" }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Federal Council Decree on Implementation of the Amendment to Federal Act on Information Security", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/de/start/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen/bundesrat.msg-id-104400.html", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Federal Council adopted the Decree on the Implementation of the Amendment to the Federal Act on Information Security. The decree enforces the reporting obligation for cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure, introduced in the 2023 amendments to the Information Security Act. The obligation takes effect on 1 April 2025, following the amendment’s adoption on 29 September 2023. The requirement applies to critical infrastructure operators, including providers of cloud computi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦委员会关于实施联邦信息安全法修正案的法令", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 7 日，联邦委员会通过了《关于实施联邦信息安全法修正案》的法令。该法令强制执行 2023 年《信息安全法》修正案中引入的关键基础设施网络攻击的报告义务。该义务于 2023 年 9 月 29 日通过修正案后于 2025 年 4 月 1 日生效。该要求适用于关键基础设施运营商，包括云计算提供商。" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Decree on the introduction of the Automatic Exchange of Information on crypto-assets with the relevant partner countries from 2026", "url": "https://www.news.admin.ch/en/newnsb/1QknKQ4iBGdl3Q7I4CL7b", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Federal Council adopted the Decree on the introduction of the Automatic Exchange of Information on crypto-assets with the relevant partner countries from 2026. The Decree approves the list of 74 partner states for the international automatic exchange of information concerning cryptoassets (AEOI). The list of 74 countries includes all European Union member states, the United Kingdom, and most G20 countries, excluding the USA and Saudi Arabia. The exchange of information wil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于自 2026 年起与相关伙伴国家自动交换加密资产信息的法令", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，联邦委员会通过了关于从 2026 年起与相关伙伴国家建立加密资产信息自动交换的法令。该法令批准了 74 个国际加密资产信息自动交换（AEOI）伙伴国家名单。 74个国家的名单包括所有欧盟成员国、英国和大多数G20国家，不包括美国和沙特阿拉伯。信息交换将..." }, { "date": "20 August 2025", "title": "Bill on cyber resilience of digital products", "url": "https://www.news.admin.ch/en/newnsb/QHVUxTqE5DMteBjfCqLlM", "description": "On 20 August 2025, the Swiss Federal Council mandated the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS), together with the Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications (DETEC) and the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), to draft legislation aimed at strengthening the cyber resilience of digital products in line with Motion 24.3810 of the Security Policy Committee of the Council of States. The drafting was ass...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于数字产品网络弹性的法案", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 20 日，瑞士联邦委员会授权联邦国防、民防和体育部 (DDPS) 与联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部 (DETEC) 以及联邦经济事务、教育和研究部 (EAER) 根据国务院安全政策委员会第 24.3810 号动议起草旨在加强数字产品网络弹性的立法。起草的稿子真是……" }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "Government access to data requirement in Federal Council Amended Ordinance on Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Correspondence", "url": "https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/91537.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Swiss Federal Council closes consultation on the amended ordinance on the surveillance of postal and telecommunications correspondence. The amendment proposes measures to update information provision, network surveillance, and oversight of infrastructure providers in the internet and telecommunications sector. It sets out new obligations and classifications for telecommunications service providers (TSPs) and derived communications service providers (DSSs). TSPs with full ob...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦委员会《邮政和电信通信监控修订条例》中政府获取数据的要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 6 日，瑞士联邦委员会结束对邮政和电信通信监控修订条例的磋商。该修正案提出了更新信息提供、网络监控以及互联网和电信领域基础设施提供商监督的措施。它规定了电信服务提供商（TSP）和派生通信服务提供商（DSS）的新义务和分类。具有完整功能的 TSP..." }, { "date": "9 August 2025", "title": "cms.news.admin.ch source on AI governance", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/de/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/pFjsrTzFDkAt/Rohstoff+zu+BRA+BK+20250722+Ziele+des+Bundesrates+2026_Deutsch.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 9 August 2025 for Switzerland concerning Proposed federal AI coordination office in Federal Council's priorities for 2026. See the linked cms.news.admin.ch source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "提议将联邦人工智能协调办公室纳入联邦委员会 2026 年优先事项", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，瑞士联邦委员会在国家委员会上提出了 2026 年的优先事项，其中包括人工智能 (AI) 权威治理。它的重点是审查联邦人工智能协调办公室的扩张。这些目标还侧重于监督能力、促进连贯治理，并使瑞士更紧密地与不断发展的人工智能国际标准保持一致。" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissione and UK Information Commissioner Memorandum of Understanding on data protection cooperation", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/fdpic-signs-first-mou-with-foreign-supervisory-authority", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) and the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) of the United Kingdom signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in Seoul for the facilitation of international cooperation in the field of data protection. The MOU establishes a framework for cooperation in areas such as the exchange of best practices, joint research projects, collaboration in international fora, and potential joint investigations into ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士联邦数据保护和信息委员会与英国信息专员关于数据保护合作的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 18 日，瑞士联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 与英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 在首尔签署了一份谅解备忘录 (MOU)，以促进数据保护领域的国际合作。该谅解备忘录为交流最佳实践、联合研究项目、国际论坛合作以及潜在的联合调查等领域建立了合作框架。" }, { "date": "11 November 2025", "title": "Motion to amend Copyright Act on protecting copyrighted content used by AI providers (Motion 24.4596)", "url": "https://www.parlament.ch/de/ratsbetrieb/suche-curia-vista/geschaeft?AffairId=20244596", "description": "On 11 December 2025, the Council of States adopted the amended Motion 24.4596 after the National Council passed the Motion in its amended form on 16 September 2025. The Motion instructs the Federal Council to create the necessary legal conditions to ensure that journalistic content and other works protected under copyright law receive comprehensive protection when used by artificial intelligence providers. The Motion requires clarification in the Copyright Act (URG) that copyright holders’ co...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改《版权法》以保护人工智能提供商使用的受版权保护的内容的动议（动议 24.4596）", "description_zh": "继国家议会于 2025 年 9 月 16 日通过修订后的动议后，国务委员会于 2025 年 12 月 11 日通过了修订后的动议 24.4596。该动议指示联邦委员会创造必要的法律条件，以确保受版权法保护的新闻内容和其他作品在人工智能提供商使用时受到全面保护。该动议要求在《版权法》(URG) 中澄清版权持有者的合作..." }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Assessment of digital sovereignty of Switzerland", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/de/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/1-uv2ILsnpJO/Beilage+01+Bericht+in+Erf%C3%BCllung+des+Postulats+22.4411+DE+zu+BRA+EDA.pdf", "description": "On 26 November 2025, the Swiss Federal Council issued the report on the digital sovereignty of Switzerland. The report was commissioned following a request from the Council of States for the Federal Council to provide a definition of digital sovereignty for the Swiss context. In the report, the Federal Council defines digital sovereignty as the state's capacity to control and act in the digital space in order to fulfil its public functions. The report evaluates current measures related to dig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士数字主权评估", "description_zh": "2025年11月26日，瑞士联邦委员会发布了瑞士数字主权报告。该报告是应国务委员会要求联邦委员会提供瑞士背景下的数字主权定义而委托编写的。在报告中，联邦委员会将数字主权定义为国家在数字空间中控制和采取行动以履行其公共职能的能力。该报告评估了当前与挖掘相关的措施..." }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Guidelines on connected wearable devices focusing on data protection requirements", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/fr/objets-connectes-ce-quil-faut-savoir-pour-bien-les-acheter-et-sen-servir", "description": "On 25 March 2026, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner adopted a guideline on the privacy risks and responsible use of connected wearable devices. It applies to manufacturers, digital service providers, and users processing personal data. It highlights that such devices collect sensitive data, including health and behavioural information, and may process third-party data through cameras and microphones. It requires compliance with data protection by design, transparency, c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "注重数据保护要求的联网可穿戴设备指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 25 日，联邦数据保护和信息专员通过了一项关于隐私风险和负责任地使用联网可穿戴设备的指南。它适用于制造商、数字服务提供商和处理个人数据的用户。它强调，此类设备收集敏感数据，包括健康和行为信息，并可能通过摄像头和麦克风处理第三方数据。它要求通过设计、透明度、c...遵守数据保护。" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Guidance on use of cookies and similar online tracking technologies", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/fr/aide-memoire-cookies", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (FDPIC) published guidance on the use of cookies and similar online tracking technologies. The guidance applies to website operators and data controllers deploying such technologies, as well as to internet users interacting with Swiss-based services. The guidance highlighted that under the Telecommunications Act and the Federal Act on Data Protection, operators must inform users of non-essential cookie use and provide ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 cookie 和类似在线跟踪技术的使用指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 31 日，联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 发布了有关 cookie 和类似在线跟踪技术使用的指南。该指南适用于部署此类技术的网站运营商和数据控制者，以及与瑞士服务交互的互联网用户。该指南强调，根据《电信法》和《联邦数据保护法》，运营商必须告知用户非必要的 cookie 使用情况，并提供..." }, { "title": "Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: Report of the Interdepartmental Working Group on Artificial Intelligence to the Federal Council", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/switzerland/switzerland-ai-strategy-report_en", "description": "AI law in Switzerland: This report (acknowledged by the Federal Council on 13 December 2019) summarises findings and recommended priority actions from an Interdepartmental Working Group on Artificial Intelligence (IDWG AI) led by the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). It maps 17 thematic fields and 37 priority action areas across research, skills, infrastructure, public administration, and sectoral regulation to support responsible, innovation-friendly AI deployment in Switzerland....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能的挑战：人工智能跨部门工作组向联邦委员会提交的报告", "description_zh": "瑞士的人工智能法：本报告（于 2019 年 12 月 13 日获得联邦委员会认可）总结了由国家教育、研究和创新秘书处 (SERI) 领导的人工智能跨部门工作组 (IDWG AI) 的调查结果和建议的优先行动。它涵盖了研究、技能、基础设施、公共管理和部门监管等领域的 17 个主题领域和 37 个优先行动领域，以支持瑞士负责任、创新友好的人工智能部署……" }, { "title": "Federal Council decision to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu", "description": "AI law in Switzerland: On 12 February 2025 the Swiss Federal Council decided in principle to ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law (the "AI Convention") and to adapt Swiss law where necessary. The decision tasks federal departments to prepare implementing legislation and non-binding measures with a consultation draft expected by the end of 2026. Switzerland subsequently signed the Convention on 27 March 2025....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦委员会决定批准欧洲委员会人工智能公约", "description_zh": "瑞士的人工智能法：2025 年 2 月 12 日，瑞士联邦委员会原则上决定批准《欧洲委员会人工智能、人权、民主和法治框架公约》（“人工智能公约”），并在必要时调整瑞士法律。该决定责成联邦各部门准备实施立法和非约束性措施，并预计在 2026 年底前形成征求意见稿。瑞士随后于 2025 年 3 月 27 日签署了该公约……" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Swiss Competition Commission monitoring AI antitrust developments", "url": "https://www.weko.admin.ch/de/newnsb/ku_bP1O0jA93pJ6-VPgky", "description": "Bern, 31.03.2026 — Der wirksame Schutz des Wettbewerbs erfordert das beständige Beobachten der Entwicklungen im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI). Bestehen Anzeichen für Behinderungsstrategien marktbeherrschender Unternehmen oder für algorithmische Absprachen, wird die WEKO diese Fälle aufgreifen.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士竞争委员会监测人工智能反垄断发展", "description_zh": "瑞士竞争委员会（COMCO）强调需要持续监控人工智能的发展，以确保有效的竞争保护，特别是针对占主导地位的公司或算法串通的阻挠策略。虽然人工智能可以提高效率、创新并降低市场进入壁垒，但它也带来了集中风险和潜在的价格趋同，可能会阻碍竞争。 COMCO 正在积极监督这些动态，以平衡及时干预，同时又不会扼杀创新或让反竞争结构得以巩固。 2025年，COMCO开展了18项调查、8项初步询问和43项市场观察，处理了34起兼并案，并为约350起跨部门磋商和舆论程序提供了意见，其中涉及多个部门的重大诉讼，导致禁止某些行为、批准合并以及在不罚款的情况下解决案件。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Federal Chancellery calls for tenders for the procurement of IT services in the field of data and AI", "url": "https://www.star.admin.ch/en/newnsb/0PNEf5nyXeOYeFWbSfG4v", "description": "Bern, 25.03.2026 — The Federal Chancellery is launching a tender procedure for the procurement of IT services in the field of data and artificial intelligence, worth CHF 57 million. The call for tenders has been published on the public procurement platform simap.ch.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦总理府呼吁对数据和人工智能领域的 IT 服务采购进行招标", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦总理府启动了价值 5700 万瑞士法郎的数据和人工智能 IT 服务招标流程，旨在实施 2026 年至 2031 年的战略，以促进联邦政府内部共享解决方案并支持数字化转型。此次招标分为两批：一批为数据相关服务，另一批为人工智能相关服务，每批均将合同授予得分最高的七家投标人。鼓励中小型企业 (SME) 和初创企业单独或作为联合体的一部分参与，评估预计将于 6 月底结束，服务将于 2026 年第三季度开始。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Swiss Federal Chancellery publishes federal popular initiative \"For the Protection of Fundamental Rights and Democracy in the Digital Space (Internet Initiative)\"", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/fga/2026/444/de#annex_u1/art_93_a", "description": "DE: Vielen Dank, dass Sie sie die Website des Bundesrechts aufgerufen haben; sie ist nur mit einem Javascript-fähigen Browser verfügbar.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士联邦总理府发布联邦民众倡议“保护数字空间的基本权利和民主（互联网倡议）”", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦总理府宣布了一项联邦民众倡议“保护数字空间中的基本权利和民主（互联网倡议）”，该倡议旨在修改联邦宪法，增加第 93a 条，要求联邦政府制定法规，保护数字环境中的基本权利和民主进程，特别针对通信平台、搜索引擎和基于人工智能的内容系统。该倡议概述了这些实体有义务保护个人免遭侵犯，并防止传播与性暴力或煽动暴力有关的内容，同时还解决与民主决策中的虚假信息和算法放大相关的系统性风险。联邦政府将监督合规性和监管，该倡议委员会的任务是在 2027 年 9 月 3 日之前收集 100,000 个签名，以促进全国投票，联邦议会将正式评估该倡议在签名收集后的有效性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Data Protection Authorities adopt joint statement on AI generated imagery raising concerns on defamatory content and harm to vulnerable groups", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/fb1br3d4/20260223-iewg-joint-statement-on-ai-generated-imagery.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ico.org.uk) dated 23 February 2026 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于人工智能生成图像的联合声明，引起人们对诽谤性内容和对弱势群体伤害的担忧", "description_zh": "包括来自澳大利亚、西班牙、香港、新西兰、韩国、新加坡、瑞士和欧洲数据保护委员会在内的 61 个数据保护机构通过了一份联合声明，对人工智能系统在未经同意的情况下生成可识别个人的真实图像和视频的担忧，强调可能出现未经同意的亲密图像、诽谤性内容以及对弱势群体造成伤害。该声明强调了遵守现有隐私和数据保护法的必要性，并指出此类创作在许多司法管辖区可能属于刑事犯罪，并呼吁采取强有力的保障措施、有意义的透明度、可访问的内容删除机制以及加强对儿童的保护，同时申明监管机构致力于协调执法、政策和教育工作。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "cms.news.admin.ch source on AI governance", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/de/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/pFjsrTzFDkAt/Rohstoff+zu+BRA+BK+20250722+Ziele+des+Bundesrates+2026_Deutsch.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 8 September 2025 for Switzerland concerning Federal Council announces priorities for 2026, including a proposed federal AI coordination office. See the linked cms.news.admin.ch source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦委员会宣布 2026 年的优先事项，包括拟议的联邦人工智能协调办公室", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会在国家委员会上提出了 2026 年的优先事项，其中包括人工智能权威治理。它的重点是审查联邦人工智能协调办公室的扩张。这些目标还侧重于监督能力、促进连贯治理，并使瑞士更紧密地与不断发展的人工智能国际标准保持一致。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Swiss Federal Administrative Court source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.bvger.ch/media-releases/41f1e066-84f9-4492-a7bb-b4941dc02790/it/b-2532_2024_web.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 26 June 2025 for Switzerland concerning Swiss federal court rules only natural persons can be named inventors. See the linked bvger.ch source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士联邦法院规定只有自然人才能被指定为发明人", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦行政法院对涉及人工智能系统统一感知自主引导装置（DABUS）的专利申请做出裁决，确认根据瑞士法律，只有自然人才能被指定为发明人。法院驳回了上诉人指定 DABUS 作为发明人的主要请求，并认为专利申请必须包括指定的自然人发明人。有人强调，人工智能系统的所有权本身并不能赋予发明人资格，但上诉人通过与人工智能输出的交互所表现出的智力贡献使他有资格成为发明家。法院据此撤销了下级法院拒绝授予专利的决定，并指示瑞士联邦知识产权局继续审查，指定斯蒂芬·塞勒为发明人，并可在 30 天内对该决定提出上诉。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "FDPIC releases guidance on applicability of data protection law to AI", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/fr/update-loi-actuelle-applicable-ia", "description": "En Suisse aussi, l’intelligence artificielle (IA) investit de plus en plus la vie économique et sociale de la population. Dans ce contexte, le PFPDT rappelle que la loi sur la protection des données en vigueur depuis le 1 er septembre 2023 est directement applicable aux traitements de données basés sur l’IA.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FDPIC 发布关于数据保护法对人工智能的适用性的指南", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦数据保护和信息专员（FDPIC）发布指南，确认自 2023 年 9 月 1 日起生效的现行数据保护法（DPA）直接适用于涉及人工智能的数据处理操作。该指南指出，（1）以技术中立的方式制定的DPA，要求人工智能运营的透明度，要求披露目的、运营和数据来源； (2) DPA 规定数据主体有权反对自动化处理并要求对自动化决策进行人工审查； （3）高风险的人工智能应用需要进行数据保护影响评估，而禁止大规模实时面部识别或对个人生活方式的全球监控和评估等损害隐私的应用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Switzerland signs Council of Europe's AI Convention", "url": "https://www.uvek.admin.ch/uvek/de/home/uvek/medien/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-104646.html", "description": "Primary source (uvek.admin.ch) dated 27 March 2025 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士签署欧洲委员会人工智能公约", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能（AI）与人权、民主和法治公约》。签署后，瑞士将准备必要的立法修正案。联邦司法和警察部 (FDJP) 与联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部 (DETEC) 以及联邦外交部 (FDFA) 合作，准备起草一份咨询草案，并于 2026 年底之前提交。DETEC 还负责制定一项实施计划，以在 2026 年底前制定不具法律约束力的措施，以实施《公约》。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "FDPIC concludes preliminary investigation into X", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/en/conclusion-investigation-x-grok", "description": "The FDPIC concludes his preliminary investigation into the use of personal data for training the artificial intelligence (AI) Grok. Users of Platform X can object to their public posts being used to train AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FDPIC 结束对 X 的初步调查", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦数据保护和信息专员 (FDPIC) 已结束对 X（前身为 Twitter）的初步调查，调查涉及 X 使用个人数据来训练其人工智能系统 (Grok) 以及这些操作的透明度和用户的退出选项。 FDPIC 指出，X 遵守了相关的数据保护义务，因为它于 2024 年 7 月 16 日引入了选择退出机制，允许用户从培训数据集中排除其公共贡献并管理其数据使用偏好", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "Switzerland to ratify Council of Europe Convention", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-104110.html", "description": "Bern, 12.2.2025 - Switzerland intends to ratify the Council of Europe Convention on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and to make the necessary amendments to Swiss law. Work will also continue on the regulation of AI in specific sectors such as healthcare and transport. The Federal Council spoke out in favour of this approach at its meeting on 12 February.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士将批准欧洲委员会公约", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会宣布打算批准欧洲委员会人工智能公约，并对瑞士法律进行必要的修改。医疗保健和交通等特定领域的人工智能监管工作也将继续进行。就下一步而言，联邦司法和警察部 (FDJP) 与联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部 (DETEC) 以及联邦外交部 (FDFA) 将于 2026 年底前起草一份咨询草案，通过确定必要的法律措施来实施欧洲委员会的《人工智能公约》，特别是在透明度、数据保护、非歧视和监督领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "Switzerland considers how to regulate AI", "url": "https://www.bakom.admin.ch/bakom/en/homepage/digital-switzerland-and-internet/strategie-digitale-schweiz/ai.html", "description": "Primary source (bakom.admin.ch) dated 12 February 2025 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士考虑如何监管人工智能", "description_zh": "BAKOM（瑞士联邦通信局）已为瑞士联邦委员会准备了一套建议，概述瑞士监管人工智能的潜在方法。它提出了三种可能的监管路径：（1）继续现行针对特定行业的监管； (2) 批准欧洲委员会的人工智能公约，并进行最低限度或更全面的实施； (3) 采用《人工智能公约》并与欧盟《人工智能法案》保持一致。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Paris Charter on AI signed", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "To achieve the potential benefits and preventing and mitigating the risks of emerging technologies for people and the planet, AI development, deployment and governance must be in the public interest. Public interest manifests differently for different communities, countries, and contexts, it requires opportunities for public participation, and it must serve equity and equality. We acknowledge that the mission and vision of artificial intelligence in the public interest builds on and is strengthened by existing definitions and academic research, public sector approaches, and civil society effor", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "签署《巴黎人工智能宪章》", "description_zh": "智利、芬兰、法国、德国、印度、肯尼亚、摩洛哥、尼日利亚、斯洛文尼亚和瑞士通过了《公共利益人工智能（AI）巴黎宪章》。章程（1）旨在确保人工智能发展服务于公共利益，注重公平、透明、问责和可持续性； (2) 通过现有框架鼓励人工智能的开放性和问责制； (3) 呼吁针对人工智能的潜在危害采取保障措施，同时提出实现其公共利益最大化的积极愿景，包括通过开放公共产品、民主参与和可持续解决方案； (4) 强调可获取的高质量数据、隐私保护以及更小、更本地化的人工智能模型的重要性，以减少对环境的影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 December 2024", "title": "Switzerland adopts digital strategy 2025", "url": "https://digital.swiss/userdata/uploads/strategie-dch-en.pdf", "description": "Primary source (digital.swiss) dated 13 December 2024 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士采用 2025 年数字战略", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会通过了更新后的《2025 年数字瑞士战略》。该战略概述了瑞士数字化转型的优先事项，以保持瑞士在创新和竞争力方面的领先地位。值得注意的是，该战略呼吁联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部与联邦司法部、联邦外交部和联邦总理府合作，实施人工智能监管方法，确保基本权利、民主和法治受到保护。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构发布关于数据抓取的声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "由 17 个全球数据保护机构组成的联盟（澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、中国香港、瑞士、挪威、新西兰、哥伦比亚、泽西岛、摩洛哥、阿根廷、墨西哥、根西岛、西班牙、摩纳哥、以色列）发布了关于数据抓取的后续声明。该声明以当局于 2023 年 8 月发表的联合声明为基础，敦促社交媒体平台实施防止数据抓取的保护措施。该后续声明明确指出（1）组织应部署针对非法抓取的组合保护措施，并定期审查和更新这些措施，以跟上抓取技术和技术的进步； (2) 虽然人工智能被一些复杂的数据抓取者用来逃避检测，但它也可以增强对非法抓取的保护； (3) 防止非法抓取的义务适用于大公司和中小企业，在服务提供商的协助下，中小企业可以采取成本较低的措施； (4) 授权抓取个人数据的合同条款不能单独使此类抓取合法，但可以作为重要的保障； （五）允许抓取个人数据的组织必须确保其有合法依据、透明，并在法律要求的情况下获得同意； (6) 组织应实施适当的措施，包括合同条款和监控，以确保遵守数据保护和隐私法； (7) 通过 API 提供访问权限可以让组织更好地控制数据，并有助于检测和缓解未经授权的抓取； (8) 使用抓取数据或自己的平台数据来训练人工智能的组织必须遵守数据保护、隐私法和人工智能特定法律，并遵循现有的监管指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 June 2024", "title": "Swiss privacy regulator issues statement on the usage of data by Meta for AI training", "url": "https://www.edoeb.admin.ch/edoeb/de/home/kurzmeldungen/2024/21062024-meta.html", "description": "Primary source (edoeb.admin.ch) dated 21 June 2024 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞士隐私监管机构就 Meta 使用数据进行人工智能训练发表声明", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦保护部 (EDOB) 发表声明称，Meta 已同意不使用 Facebook 和 Instagram 成年用户的数据来训练 AI 模型。就背景而言，Meta 计划从 2024 年 6 月 26 日开始使用 Facebook 和 Instagram 上的用户照片和帖子来开发和改进其人工智能服务，不包括私人消息。 EDOB 要求 Meta 停止这些计划。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 January 2024", "title": "AI dominates the conversation at 2024 World Economic Forum meeting in Davos", "url": "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/what-leaders-said-about-ai-at-davos-2024/", "description": "Primary source (eforum.org) dated 21 January 2024 in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能在 2024 年达沃斯世界经济论坛会议上占据主导地位", "description_zh": "2024 年在瑞士达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛会议主要围绕人工智能，特别是生成式人工智能监管展开讨论。主要想法包括：（1）需要“网络化和适应性”治理模式（联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯）； (2) 需要针对深度造假制定“国际规则”（新加坡通讯与信息部长 Josephine Teo）； (3) 审查当地隐私法、网络安全规则、数字安全、儿童保护、消费者保护、竞争法（微软副主席兼总裁布拉德·史密斯）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 November 2023", "title": "Federal Council examining regulatory approaches to AI", "url": "https://www.admin.ch/gov/en/start/documentation/media-releases.msg-id-98791.html", "description": "Bern, 22.11.2023 - The Federal Council wants to harness the potential of AI while minimising the risks it poses to society. At its meeting on 22 November 2023, it therefore in-structed DETEC to prepare an overview of possible regulatory approaches to AI, which is expected to be available by the end of next year.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦委员会正在审查人工智能的监管方法", "description_zh": "在审查了与人工智能相关的发展、机遇和挑战后，联邦委员会已指示联邦环境、运输、能源和通信部在 2024 年底前确定监管人工智能的潜在方法，并让所有负责受影响法律领域的联邦机构参与进来。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Artificial Intelligence and International Rules - Report for the Federal Council (2022)", "url": "https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/71099.pdf", "description": "Primary source (newsd.admin.ch) in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能和国际规则 - 联邦委员会报告（2022 年）：", "description_zh": "联邦外交部关于全球人工智能如何规则和发展的报告\n标准的制定、标准的分类、国际法是否因此而制定，并在必要时提出与瑞士在人工智能监管方面的立场相关的措施。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Guidelines on AI for the Confederation (2020)", "url": "https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/dam/sbfi/en/dokumente/2021/05/leitlinien-ki.pdf.download.pdf/leitlinien-ki_e.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sbfi.admin.ch) in CH. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合会人工智能指南（2020）：", "description_zh": "这些指导方针作为联邦政府内部使用人工智能的一般参考框架，有助于确保政策的连贯性。有7条基本准则：（1）以人为本，（2）人工智能开发和应用的监管条件，（3）透明度、可追溯性和可解释性，（4）问责制，（5）安全性，（6）积极塑造人工智能治理，（7）让所有相关的国家和国际利益相关者参与。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 502", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Switzerland Federal Law on Communications Platforms and Search Engines", "url": "https://cms.news.admin.ch/dam/de/der-schweizerische-bundesrat/JHS1l1GdjmSX/Vorentwurf_DE.pdf", "description": "The Swiss Federal Council closed its consultation on the Federal Law on Communications Platforms and Search Engines, enabling research bodies and civil society organisations to apply for data access, empowering BAKOM to supervise compliance, requiring internal complaint procedures, mandating content reporting mechanisms, requiring search engine advertising labels, and requiring providers to establish a Swiss legal representative.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士联邦通信平台和搜索引擎法", "description_zh": "瑞士联邦委员会结束了关于《联邦通信平台和搜索引擎法》的磋商，该法允许研究机构和民间社会组织申请数据访问，授权BAKOM监督合规性，要求内部投诉程序，强制规定内容报告机制，要求搜索引擎广告标签，并要求提供商设立瑞士法定代表人。" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Swiss Federal Administrative Court source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.bvger.ch/media-releases/41f1e066-84f9-4492-a7bb-b4941dc02790/it/b-2532_2024_web.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 26 June 2025 for Switzerland concerning Swiss Federal Administrative Court issued ruling in inventor designation for Artificial Intelligence -generated patent invention (Stephen L. Thaler v Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property) (No. B-2532/2024). See the linked bvger.ch source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞士联邦行政法院就人工智能生成的专利发明指定发明人作出裁决（Stephen L. Thaler 诉瑞士联邦知识产权局）（编号：B-2532/2024）", "description_zh": "2025年6月26日，瑞士联邦行政法院对涉及人工智能（AI）系统统一感知自主引导装置（DABUS）的专利申请做出裁决，确认根据瑞士法律，只有自然人才能被指定为发明人。法院驳回了上诉人指定 DABUS 作为发明人的主要请求，并认为专利申请必须包括指定的自然人发明人。值得注意的是，人工智能系统的所有权" } ], "entry_count": 74, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "756" }, { "id": "TW", "title": "Taiwan", "entries": [ { "date": "7 January 2021", "title": "Amendment to the Patent Examination Guidelines for Computer Software-Related Inventions", "url": "https://www.tipo.gov.tw/en/cp-282-884392-b2cd0-2.html", "description": "The new Taiwan Patent Examination Guidelines are put into effect on July 1, 2021. The stated goal is to improve the protection of the computer software-related inventions. This will allegedly be achieved through clear guidelines for the patenting of the computer software-related inventions and material criteria for the determination of an innovation. Finally, new example cases, including some on AI, are added to the Examination Guidelines in an effort to make the Guidelines more practical and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "计算机软件相关发明专利审查指南修正案", "description_zh": "新的台湾专利审查指南于2021年7月1日生效。其既定目标是改善对计算机软件相关发明的保护。据称，这将通过计算机软件相关发明的专利申请明确指南和确定创新的材料标准来实现。最后，《考试指南》中还添加了一些新的示例案例，包括一些关于人工智能的案例​​，以使《指南》更加实用和……" }, { "date": "31 March 2022", "title": "Taiwan Fair Trade Commission White Paper on Competition Policy in the Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/english/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=179&docid=16968", "description": "On 31 March 2022, the consultation on the White Paper on Competition Policy in the Digital Economy by the Fair Trade Commission of Taiwan closed. The White Paper explores the challenges in adapting conventional market assessments to the digital economy, the relationship between data protection and market competition and the legality of platform operators' practices such as self-preferencing, tying, predatory pricing, price discrimination, Most-Favored-Nation Clause, resale price maintenance, ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾公平贸易委员会数字经济竞争政策白皮书", "description_zh": "2022年3月31日，台湾公平交易委员会《数位经济竞争政策白皮书》咨询结束。白皮书探讨了传统市场评估适应数字经济的挑战、数据保护与市场竞争之间的关系以及平台运营商的自我偏好、搭售、掠夺性定价、价格歧视、最惠国条款、转售价格维持等做法的合法性……" }, { "date": "18 May 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital Affairs notice of joining Global CAPE", "url": "https://moda.gov.tw/en/press/press-releases/12814", "description": "On 18 May 2024, the Ministry of Digital Affairs (MODA) announced that the country is joining the Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement (Global CAPE) to facilitate cross-border cooperation in the enforcement of Data Protection and Privacy Laws with international partners. The Global CAPE was established with the aim of facilitating cross-border data transfers and providing mutual assistance and cooperation between jurisdictions to combat illegal activities and prevent infringe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字事务部关于加入Global CAPE的通知", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 18 日，数字事务部 (MODA) 宣布，该国将加入隐私执法全球合作安排 (Global CAPE)，以促进与国际合作伙伴在数据保护和隐私法执法方面的跨境合作。全球CAPE的成立旨在促进跨境数据传输并提供司法管辖区之间的互助与合作，以打击非法活动并防止侵权..." }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "Ministry of Digital Affairs order blocking use of DeepSeek products in government agencies and critical infrastructure", "url": "https://moda.gov.tw/press/press-releases/15104", "description": "On 31 January 2025, the Ministry of Digital Affairs adopted an order restricting government agencies and critical infrastructure from using DeepSeek's products. The order aims to protect national information and communications security, addressing concerns about cross-border data transmission and potential information leakage due to DeepSeek's Chinese origin. The order applies to all government entities and critical infrastructure, restricting the use of generative artificial intelligence for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字事务部下令禁止在政府机构和关键基础设施中使用 DeepSeek 产品", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 31 日，数字事务部通过了一项命令，限制政府机构和关键基础设施使用 DeepSeek 的产品。该命令旨在保护国家信息和通信安全，解决因 DeepSeek 源自中国而引起的跨境数据传输和潜在信息泄露的担忧。该命令适用于所有政府实体和关键基础设施，限制生成人工智能的使用......" }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Personal Data Incident Notification, Reporting and Response Measures", "url": "https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/8bb40e4f-cf20-45f1-aa47-6a42958e323b", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Personal Data Protection Commission Preparatory Office closed the public consultation, which had been open since 22 January 2026, on the Draft Personal Data Incident Notification, Reporting and Response Measures. The Draft Measures would establish obligations for public and non-public bodies upon becoming aware of a personal data incident involving theft, alteration, damage, loss, destruction, or leakage of personal data. It requires notification to affected data subject...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人数据事件通知、报告和应对措施", "description_zh": "2026年3月23日，个人数据保护委员会筹备办公室结束了自2026年1月22日起就《个人数据事件通报、报告和应对办法（征求意见稿）》进行的公开征求意见。 《办法草案》将规定公共和非公共机构在发现涉及个人数据被盗、篡改、损坏、丢失、毁坏或泄露的个人数据事件后应承担的义务。它需要通知受影响的数据主体......" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Taiwan AI Basic Act - Enacted January 2026", "url": "", "description": "Taiwan enacted the AI Basic Act (effective January 14, 2026) establishing a formal national AI governance framework balancing innovation and risk management. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) oversees implementation, with a path toward Taiwan-specific LLM standards.", "categories": [ "National AI Act", "Innovation", "Risk Management" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能基本法 - 2026 年 1 月颁布", "description_zh": "台湾颁布了《人工智能基本法》（2026 年 1 月 14 日生效），建立了平衡创新和风险管理的正式国家人工智能治理框架。国家科学技术委员会（NSTC）负责监督实施，并为台湾特定的法学硕士标准提供了一条道路。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Taiwan AI Basic Act - Model for Asia", "url": "https://techpolicy.press/taiwans-ai-basic-act-can-be-a-model-for-asia", "description": "Taiwan's AI Basic Act offers a principle-based, innovation-forward governance framework that may inform Asia's AI regulation. It includes potential parallels with Hong Kong's approach and positions Taiwan as a leader in AI governance ahead of international developments.", "categories": [ "Regional Leadership", "Model Framework" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能基本法案 - 亚洲典范", "description_zh": "台湾的人工智能基本法案提供了一个基于原则、创新的治理框架，可以为亚洲的人工智能监管提供参考。它与香港的做法有潜在的相似之处，并将台湾定位为领先于国际发展的人工智能治理领导者。" }, { "title": "AI Product and System Evaluation Centre (AIEC)", "url": "https://moda.gov.tw/en/", "description": "AI law in Taiwan: Taiwan's Ministry of Digital Affairs (MODA) established the AI Product and System Evaluation Centre on December 6, 2023 to provide certification mechanisms and evaluation guidelines for AI products and systems. The centre evaluates AI across ten critical aspects including safety, fairness, and privacy, aligning with European and American AI standards....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能产品与系统评估中心（AIEC）", "description_zh": "台湾人工智能法：台湾数字事务部（MODA）于2023年12月6日成立人工智能产品和系统评估中心，为人工智能产品和系统提供认证机制和评估指南。该中心根据欧洲和美国人工智能标准，从安全、公平和隐私等十个关键方面评估人工智能......" }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=I0050021", "description": "AI law in Taiwan: Taiwan's Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) is the primary legislation governing the collection, processing, and use of personal data. The Act applies to both government agencies and private entities, establishing data subject rights, controller obligations, and penalties for violations. Most recently amended in May 2023, it provides foundational privacy protections relevant to AI systems processing personal data....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人资料保护法 (PDPA)", "description_zh": "台湾的人工智能法：台湾的个人数据保护法（PDPA）是管理个人数据收集、处理和使用的主要立法。该法案适用于政府机构和私人实体，规定了数据主体权利、控制者义务以及对违规行为的处罚。最近一次修订于 2023 年 5 月，它提供了与处理个人数据的人工智能系统相关的基本隐私保护......" }, { "title": "Taiwan AI Action Plan 2.0 (2023-2026)", "url": "https://english.ey.gov.tw/", "description": "AI law in Taiwan: Taiwan's comprehensive AI strategy approved by the Executive Yuan in 2023, building on the success of AI Action Plan 1.0 (2018-2021). The plan commits approximately NT$9-10 billion annually to develop Taiwan's AI ecosystem, with a target to grow the AI industry to over NT$250 billion by 2026, leveraging semiconductor strengths for generative AI development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能行动计划2.0（2023-2026）", "description_zh": "台湾人工智能法：在人工智能行动计划1.0（2018-2021）成功的基础上，台湾行政院于2023年批准了台湾综合人工智能战略。该计划承诺每年投入约新台币 9 至 100 亿美元来发展台湾人工智能生态系统，目标是到 2026 年将人工智能产业发展到新台币 2500 亿美元以上，利用半导体优势进行生成式人工智能开发。" }, { "title": "AI Basic Act (Draft)", "url": "https://www.nstc.gov.tw/", "description": "AI law in Taiwan: Taiwan's AI Basic Act is landmark draft legislation establishing the foundational framework for AI governance in Taiwan. Built on seven core principles—transparency, privacy, autonomy, fairness, cybersecurity, sustainable development, and accountability—the bill aims to position Taiwan as an 'Island of Artificial Intelligence' while ensuring responsible AI development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能基本法（草案）", "description_zh": "台湾人工智能法：台湾人工智能基本法是具有里程碑意义的立法草案，为台湾人工智能治理奠定了基础框架。该法案建立在透明度、隐私、自治、公平、网络安全、可持续发展和问责制等七项核心原则的基础上，旨在将台湾定位为“人工智能之岛”。同时确保负责任的人工智能发展......" }, { "title": "Taipei Smart City AI Initiative", "url": "https://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=3C92B19F41940382", "description": "AI law in Taiwan: The Taipei Smart City AI Initiative integrates AI across urban services, establishing governance, infrastructure, and implementation to foster an AI-driven, citizen-centric metropolis....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台北智慧城市人工智能计划", "description_zh": "台湾人工智能法：台北智慧城市人工智能计划将人工智能整合到城市服务中，建立治理、基础设施和实施，以培育人工智能驱动、以公民为中心的大都市……" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "US and Taiwan sign deal on reshoring of semiconductors to the US", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/fact-sheets/2026/01/fact-sheet-restoring-american-semiconductor-manufacturing-leadership", "description": "Primary source (commerce.gov) dated 15 January 2026 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国与台湾签署半导体回流美国协议", "description_zh": "美国在台协会与台北经济文化代表处签署历史性贸易协议，推动美国半导体行业大规模回流，增强国内经济韧性。这一战略伙伴关系要求台湾科技企业对美国半导体、能源和人工智能生产设施进行至少2500亿美元的直接投资，并辅以额外2500亿美元的信贷担保，以建立强大的工业生态系统。该协议包括在美国境内创建世界级工业园区，并促进美国对台湾国防、电信和生物技术领域的投资，以深化技术合作。为了确保贸易平衡，该协议实施了可预测的关税框架，其中美国对台湾商品的互惠税率上限为15%，同时对飞机零部件和仿制药提供零关税。此外，该协议允许台湾公司根据在美国本土建设和完成新产能的进展情况免税进口特定数量的半导体，从而激励国内制造业。该举措旨在扭转美国在全球晶圆制造中所占份额的长期下降趋势，并确保现代电信、汽车和军事硬件所需的基础组件。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Taiwan AI Basic Act comes into effect", "url": "https://www.president.gov.tw/Page/294/50131", "description": "Primary source (president.gov.tw) dated 14 January 2026 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能基本法生效", "description_zh": "台湾总统赖清德颁布《台湾人工智能基本法》，自2026年1月14日起施行。该法案推动具体优先事项，包括分配慷慨的人工智能预算、实施人工智能产业补贴和优惠措施、提供友好的创新实验环境、促进人才交流和基础设施建设、建立数据治理机制，为台湾人工智能产业打造创新和友好的生态系统。法案颁布后，政府将继续充当部际协调平台，引导台湾超越半导体优势，迈向软硬件整合。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.president.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /Page/294/50131 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.c:1081)')))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Taiwan passes AI Basic Act", "url": "https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/6270744", "description": "AI Robot hand and human hand point to a brain inside a light bulb. (Reuters, Alamy image)", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾通过人工智能基本法", "description_zh": "据悉，台湾立法院通过《人工智能基本法》，建立人工智能治理法律框架，并指定国家科学技术委员会为中央主管机关。该法案定义了人工智能系统，并要求政府促进人工智能研究和应用，平衡社会福利、数字公平、创新和国家竞争力，遵守可持续性、人类自主、隐私、网络安全、透明度、公平和问责制等七项核心原则。为了防止伤害，法律禁止人工智能使用侵犯生命、自由、财产或扰乱社会秩序的行为，并要求对高风险人工智能产品进行明确标识。它还要求成立国家人工智能战略委员会，分配足够的预算，加强法律框架，并推广数据保护措施。此外，数字事务部的任务是制定符合国际标准的人工智能风险分类框架，并协助行业制定针对具体行业的指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "MAC warns about Chinese AI models", "url": "https://www.nsb.gov.tw/en/#/%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%A8%BF%E6%9A%A8%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/2025-11-16/NSB%20Warns%20of%20Potential%20Cybersecurity%20Risks%20in%20China-Made%20Generative%20AI%20Language%20Models", "description": "Primary source (nsb.gov.tw) dated 18 November 2025 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MAC对中国人工智能模型发出警告", "description_zh": "出于信息安全考虑，台湾陆委会（MAC）宣布继续限制在公共部门应用中使用中国制造的软件和硬件。这一决定是在国家安全局 (NSB) 的调查结果之后做出的，即五种中国大型语言模型——DeepSeek、豆宝、一言、Qwen 和元宝——表现出亲中政治偏见和扭曲历史解释，特别是在两岸关系和南海等话题上。 MAC强调了与中国应用程序相关的风险，包括数据泄露和网络安全漏洞，并强调北京利用人工智能传播虚假信息并在台湾制造社会分裂。政府计划加强媒体素养教育，帮助公众识别和抵制此类虚假信息。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.nsb.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /en/ (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.c:1081)')))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 September 2025", "title": "Taiwan legislative session opens with AI focus", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/09/20/2003844126", "description": "A new legislative session began yesterday, with the Cabinet pledging to prioritize 30 bills, including a basic law on artificial intelligence (AI) and amendments to protect underwater infrastructure, while opposition parties outlined their own agendas.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾立法院开幕 聚焦人工智能", "description_zh": "据报道，台湾新一届立法院开始，内阁优先考虑了30项法案，其中重点是制定人工智能基本法。总理赵正台强调了这些举措的重要性，敦促民进党立法者推动政府议程并改善行政和立法部门之间的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Executive Yuan passes AI Basic Act, now sent to Legislative Yuan for review", "url": "https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/9277F759E41CCD91/5d673d1e-f418-47dc-ab35-a06600f77f07", "description": "Primary source (ey.gov.tw) dated 28 August 2025 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政院通过人工智能基本法 送立法院审议", "description_zh": "台湾行政院已通过《人工智能基本法》草案，送立法院审议。这个新版本是对2024年7月初稿的细化，保留了人工智能研发和应用的核心原则，但仍然缺乏专门的主管部门。显着的变化包括主管部门制定基于风险的管理法规的方式从“可以”改为“应当”，但低风险申请除外。草案新增一条规定，人工智能对生命、财产、社会秩序造成损害的情形应当受到法律限制或者禁止。此外，新草案明确政府必须建立高风险人工智能应用的责任归属和补偿机制，但这些规定不适用于人工智能研发，除非它在现实环境中进行测试或用于提供产品或服务。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.ey.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /Page/9277F759E41CCD91/5d673d1e-f418-47dc-ab35-a06600f77f07 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "2025 APEC Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "APEC 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement “Digital and AI Transformation toward Prosperity and Sustainable Growth for All” Incheon, Republic of Korea, 4-6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025年APEC数字和人工智能部长级声明", "description_zh": "在韩国仁川举行的 APEC 峰会上，亚太经合组织通过了《2025 年数字和人工智能部长声明》，强调了人工智能在推动创新和应对社会经济挑战方面的作用。该声明强调安全、负责任地采用人工智能和其他数字技术，以提高生产力、效率、弹性和经济发展。它鼓励成员经济体将这些技术与平衡的、以人为本的劳动力发展、教育和终身学习方法相结合。它还促进数字政策方面的合作和信息共享，以加强区域合作、跨境贸易和投资，同时促进对新兴技术好处的更多了解。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Fair Trade Commission opened consultation on inquiry into generative AI and competition policy", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/english/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=179&docid=18159", "description": "Primary source (ftc.gov.tw) dated 18 July 2025 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公平贸易委员会就生成人工智能和竞争政策的调查展开咨询", "description_zh": "台湾公平贸易委员会发布了一份关于生成人工智能和竞争政策的公众咨询文件。此次咨询适用于台湾人工智能产业，包括硬件供应商、模型开发商和应用部署商。此次磋商征求了四个竞争法领域的意见，包括人工智能领域的市场支配地位滥用、一致行动、市场集中度和不正当竞争行为。磋商将于 2025 年 9 月 7 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.ftc.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /internet/english/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=179&docid=18159 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.c:", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 June 2025", "title": "Taiwan imposes export controls on Huawei, SMIC", "url": "https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FileID=28BB2566932E8500", "description": "Primary source (trade.gov.tw) dated 15 June 2025 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾对华为、中芯国际实施出口管制", "description_zh": "台湾国际贸易管理局发布了战略高科技商品实体名单的更新，该名单现已将 601 个实体列入黑名单，其中包括华为技术有限公司和中芯国际集成电路制造有限公司（及其多家子公司）。台湾本土公司现在需要获得政府的批准，才能向该名单上的实体运送先进芯片生产所需的基础设施和材料（包括工厂建设技术和制造设备）。据称，台北实施的新限制旨在部分切断华为和中芯国际获得台湾先进芯片技术的机会，例如台积电制造的技术。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/octet-stream)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "Legislative hearing into Taiwan AI basic law", "url": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/04/17/2003835330", "description": "Experts yesterday urged lawmakers to facilitate the development of a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system that utilizes Taiwan-centric Chinese language content amid a push to pass tech-friendly copyright laws.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能基本法立法听证会", "description_zh": "据悉，在立法院教育文化委员会与交通委员会举行的人工智能基本法提案联合听证会上，数字事务部副部长叶宁表示，（1）该部暂时不准备公布提案，因为行政院仍在评估其所需的资金水平； （2）克服台湾人工智能产业在大语言模型方面的能力差距，建立规范开发者公平使用数据的法律框架，是工信部对该法案的主要关注点； （3）官方正在创建繁体字内容数据库和国家级语料库，但预计耗时较长； （4）该部正在与国家科学技术委员会和教育部合作培养人才队伍。立法听证会还听取了学术界和业内人士的建议，他们集体呼吁台湾立法者支持繁体字大语言模型的开发，促进公私合作，并建立数据使用和隐私的法律框架。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 March 2025", "title": "President Trump and TSMC announce $100 billion plan to build five new US factories", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/03/another-historic-investment-secured-under-president-trump/", "description": "Today, President Donald J. Trump joined Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) CEO C.C. Wei to announce a historic $100 billion investment by TSMC in its Arizona-based semiconductor chips manufacturing operation — the largest foreign direct investment in U.S. history.", "categories": [ "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特朗普总统和台积电宣布斥资1000亿美元在美国新建五家工厂", "description_zh": "特朗普总统宣布台积电 (TSMC) 历史性地向其亚利桑那州半导体制造业务投资 1000 亿美元，这是美国历史上最大的外国直接投资。这项投资将资助在亚利桑那州建设五个先进制造设施，创造数千个高薪就业岗位，并使台积电在美国的总投资达到约1650亿美元。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2025", "title": "Taiwan bans government agencies and critical infrastructure from using DeepSeek", "url": "https://moda.gov.tw/press/press-releases/15104", "description": "Primary source (moda.gov.tw) dated 3 February 2025 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾禁止政府机构和关键基础设施使用 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "基于安全风险担忧，台湾数位部颁布命令，禁止政府部门和关键基础设施使用中国人工智能服务 DeepSeek。该禁令适用于中央和地方政府机构、公立学校、国有企业和其他半官方组织的员工，以及从事关键基础设施项目和政府资助基金会的员工。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='moda.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /press/press-releases/15104 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.c:1081)')))", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Trump to tariff chips made In Taiwan, targeting TSMC", "url": "https://www.c-span.org/program/white-house-event/president-trump-addresses-house-gop-issues-conference-in-florida/655005", "description": "President Trump spoke to House Republicans holding an Issues Conference at the Trump National Doral Resort in Miami, Florida.", "categories": [ "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特朗普对台湾制造的芯片征收关税，目标是台积电", "description_zh": "特朗普总统在佛罗里达州向共和党发表的会议演讲中表示，除其他事项外，他准备对中国组装的电子产品和台湾制造的计算机芯片征收关税，并警告关税可能高达 100%。特朗普总统特别提到了台积电，表示有意将台积电的芯片生产迁回美国（在台积电迁往台湾之前，美国曾是台积电的基地）。进一步的细节尚未透露。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 November 2024", "title": "US ordered TSMC to halt shipments to China of chips used in AI applications", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-ordered-tsmc-halt-shipments-china-chips-used-ai-applications-source-says-2024-11-10/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 10 November 2024) regarding AI policy activity in TW. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国命令台积电停止向中国运送人工智能应用芯片", "description_zh": "据报道，美国商务部已致函台积电（TSMC），对某些运往中国、为人工智能加速器和图形处理单元（GPU）提供动力的 7 纳米或更先进设计的尖端芯片实施出口限制。就在台积电通知美国商务部其一颗芯片被发现在华为人工智能处理器中几周后，该命令发布了。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 July 2024", "title": "Taiwan launches public consultation into an AI law", "url": "https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/4c714d85-ab9f-4b17-8335-f13b31148dc4", "description": "人工智慧基本法草案目的為訂定具有指標與引導功能之基本原則，建構人工智慧技術與應用之良善環境，並作為引導我國各機關發展與促進人工智慧應用之原則，有關各界提供相關建議，將納入草案規劃評估參考，研議適當法條文字。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾就人工智能法启动公众咨询", "description_zh": "台湾国家科委发布《人工智能基本法》草案，公开征求意见。咨询将于 2024 年 9 月 13 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 June 2024", "title": "Taiwan FSC releases guidelines for the use of AI in the financial industry", "url": "https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202406200001&dtable=News", "description": "Primary source (fsc.gov.tw) dated 20 June 2024 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾金融服务委员会发布人工智能在金融业使用指南", "description_zh": "台湾金融监督管理委员会（FSC）发布了《金融业人工智能（AI）使用指南》。 《指引》对金融机构在以下方面作出了一般性规定：（一）在外包人工智能业务时建立明确的合同和风险分担机制； （二）人工智能实施前进行全面的风险评估； （3）对人工智能系统进行内部、独立的第三方评估； (4) 确保人工智能领域的人类监督并减少偏见（特别是在外包业务中）； (5) 遵守GDPR原则，避免过度收集数据； (6) 保持人工智能系统运行和决策逻辑的清晰文档； （七）发布报告，披露相关信息，维护市场信任。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.fsc.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202406200001&dtable=News (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Mi", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 June 2024", "title": "Taiwan drafts AI law focusing on human rights", "url": "https://tw.news.yahoo.com/taiwan-drafts-ai-law-focusing-094111483.html", "description": "Primary source (tw.news.yahoo.com) dated 15 June 2024 in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾起草人工智能法关注人权", "description_zh": "台湾行政院长曹荣台宣布起草《人工智能基本法》，强调人工智能的使用必须尊重人权和社会稳定，这是人工智能监管的重大举措。这一公告是回应民进党立委吴佩仪对人工智能立法进展的担忧，以及她呼吁政府加快进程以增强台湾的全球人工智能竞争力。国家科技委员会主任吴成文承认，面对快速发展的人工智能技术，需要平衡用户隐私、人权和产业增长。即将出台的《人工智能基本法案》旨在确保人工智能的道德使用及其融入社会，表明政府在抓住人工智能带来的机遇的同时维护人类尊严的承诺。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "Draft of Taiwan's AI governing law expected in 2024", "url": "https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202405230109.aspx", "description": "（中央社記者張璦台北23日電）國科會主委吳誠文今天表示，希望加速在10月底前把台灣的AI基本法草案送到行政院，演進快速的AI技術是一把雙面刃，草案的制定除要保護使用者隱私與人權、安全，也不能忽略產業發展，兩者必須兼顧。", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能管理法草案预计将于 2024 年出台", "description_zh": "台湾国家科学技术委员会主任吴政文在立委会议上表示，台湾计划在2024年底前，甚至最早在10月底，起草人工智能使用法，并提交行政院。郑文表示，台湾的人工智能基本法将更加符合美国和日本的做法，对人工智能的使用采取更加开放的态度，而不是像欧盟那样更加保守和谨慎。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — Taiwan AI Action Plan 2.0 (2023)", "url": "https://ai.taiwan.gov.tw/news/executive-yuan-announces-artificial-intelligence-plan/", "description": "Primary source (ai.taiwan.gov.tw) in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能行动计划2.0（2023）：", "description_zh": "台湾人工智能第二个四年行动计划（2023-2026）旨在加强人工智能监管，建立人工智能产品/系统评估中心，并颁布与国际接轨的人工智能规范和标准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='ai.taiwan.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /news/executive-yuan-announces-artificial-intelligence-plan/ (Caused by NameResolutionError(\"HTTPSConnection(host='ai.taiwan.gov.tw', port=443): Failed to resolve 'ai.taiwan.gov.tw' ([Errno 11001]", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Taiwan AI Action Plan (2018)", "url": "https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/1dec0902-e02a-49c6-870d-e77208481667", "description": "Primary source (english.ey.gov.tw) in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "台湾人工智能行动计划（2018）：", "description_zh": "台湾首个人工智能四年行动计划（2018-2021），以放松管制、开放准入和技术投资的原则为指导。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='english.ey.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/1dec0902-e02a-49c6-870d-e77208481667 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI Basic Act", "url": "https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/9277F759E41CCD91/5d673d1e-f418-47dc-ab35-a06600f77f07", "description": "Primary source (ey.gov.tw) in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能基本法：", "description_zh": "该法案建立了一个基于原则的基础框架，旨在平衡快速人工智能创新与安全、道德治理和风险管理。该法案指定国家科学技术委员会（NSTC）为中央机构，指示数字事务部（MODA）为人工智能应用创建国际一致的风险分类系统。它规定了七项关键原则，包括人类自主、隐私保护、安全和透明度，并要求政府促进研发、为基础设施提供资金、保护劳工权利和开发监管沙箱，同时要求高风险人工智能系统显示警告。该立法强调“以人为本”的方法，旨在培育强大的人工智能产业，同时减轻对公共秩序、国家安全和社会公平的威胁。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.ey.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /Page/9277F759E41CCD91/5d673d1e-f418-47dc-ab35-a06600f77f07 (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: Missing Subject Key Identifier (_ssl.", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Unmanned Vehicle Technology Innovation and Experiment Act (2018)", "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0030147", "description": "Primary source (law.moj.gov.tw) in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无人驾驶车辆技术创新与实验法案（2018）：", "description_zh": "该法案为自动驾驶/自动驾驶汽车、人工智能应用测试和交通领域的物联网技术建立了监管沙箱。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='law.moj.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0030147 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to law.moj.gov.tw timed out. (connect timeout=", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Financial Technology Development and Innovative Experimentation Act (2018)", "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380257", "description": "Primary source (law.moj.gov.tw) in TW. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融技术发展和创新实验法案（2018）：", "description_zh": "该法案建立了金融科技监管沙箱，使金融科技企业能够在受控的监管环境中测试其金融技术（包括人工智能）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='law.moj.gov.tw', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0380257 (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to law.moj.gov.tw timed out. (connect timeout=", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Taiwan has embraced a holistic approach to developing an AI environment", "url": "", "description": "Taiwan has embraced a holistic approach to developing an AI environment. The government executive passed a draft of its AI Basic Act, which prioritizes innovation and technological advancement. The act largely follows a riskbased approach to regulating AI while also emphasizing data protection, consumer rights and transparency requirements. Taiwan's government has issued the following resources for policy guidance: · National Science and Technology Council's policy discussing AI innovation · AI Taiwan Action Plan · AI Taiwan Action Plan 2.0 · 2022 AI-Readiness Assessment Report", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "台湾采用整体方法来开发人工智能环境", "description_zh": "台湾采用了整体方法来开发人工智能环境。政府行政部门通过了人工智能基本法案草案，该法案优先考虑创新和技术进步。该法案在很大程度上遵循基于风险的人工智能监管方法，同时也强调数据保护、消费者权利和透明度要求。台湾政府已发布以下政策指导资源： · 国家科学技术委员会讨论人工智能创新的政策 · 人工智能台湾行动计划 · 人工智能台湾行动计划2.0 · 2022年人工智能准备评估报告", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 36, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "158" }, { "id": "TZ", "title": "Tanzania", "entries": [ { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "FAM v ZAM", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/757/FAM_vs_ZAM_2025_TZHC_3948_15_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's counsel cited 'Sekunda Magope v. Njelu Magope [1983] TLR 141' to support their position; court found the cited case non-existing and that the report at that page is actually Republic v. Mt. 12153 L/Cpl. Wagenyi [1983] TLR 141. Outcome: Reminder of lawyer's duties.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FAM v 扎姆", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告的律师引用了“Sekunda Magope v. Njelu Magope [1983] TLR 141”来支持他们的立场；法院认为所引用的案件不存在，该页的报告实际上是 Republic v. Mt. 12153 L/Cpl. Wagenyi [1983] TLR 141。结果：提醒律师的职责。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reminder of lawyer's duties", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 May 2024", "title": "Tanzania authorities work on AI regulations", "url": "", "description": "Tanzania is developing regulations to manage Artificial Intelligence adoption and management, addressing risks in AI-generated content. African countries lik...", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "坦桑尼亚当局致力于制定人工智能法规", "description_zh": "在“人工智能气候”研讨会上，坦桑尼亚当局正在制定法规来管理人工智能的采用和管理，解决人工智能生成内容的风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "834" }, { "id": "TG", "title": "Togo", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "768" }, { "id": "TT", "title": "Trinidad and Tobago", "entries": [ { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Nexgen Pathology Services Ltd v. Darcueil Duncan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/436/Nexgen_Pathology_Services_v._Darcueil_Duncan_Trinidad__Tobago_April_30_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant cited a non-existent Industrial Court case to support an implied post-training obligation; Court found it lacked proper citation, was inconsistent with Industrial Court party practice, not in databases, and not in the bundle. Outcome: Court referred the matter to the Disciplinary Committee.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nexgen Pathology Services Ltd 诉 Darcueil Duncan", "description_zh": "律师出现在法庭面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的工业法庭案例来支持隐含的培训后义务；法院发现它缺乏适当的引用，与工业法院当事人的做法不一致，数据库中和捆绑包中都没有。结果：法院将此事提交给纪律委员会。", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court referred the matter to the Disciplinary Committee", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "780" }, { "id": "TR", "title": "Turkey", "entries": [ { "date": "2020-07-31", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Turkish social media law 2020", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/07/20200731-1.htm", "description": "With its publication in the Turkish Official Gazette, Law No. 7253 amending the \"Law on Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Suppression of Crimes Committed by Means of Such Publications\" is implemented by the Turkish Parliament. The Law requires \"social networks\" that are accessed by more than one million users every day to respond to users’ requests to remove illegal content or content violating privacy rights within 48 hours. In case of non-compliance, network providers will be f...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-16", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority guideline on the processing of Biometric Data", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/bd06f5f4-e8cc-487e-abe1-d32dc18e2d7e.pdf", "description": "The Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority published a guideline on the processing of Biometric Data. The Guideline defines biometric data and indicates the processing principles to be followed and the organizational and technical measures to provide security of the data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-20", "title": "KVKK Guidelines on Use of Cookies", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/fb193dbb-b159-4221-8a7b-3addc083d33f.pdf", "description": "On 20 June 2022, the Turkish Data protection authority (KVKK) published the Guidelines on Use of Cookies. The guide contains recommendations for website operators on using cookies to process personal data in compliance with the Turkish Law on the Protection of Personal Data (No. 6698). The guidelines cover cookie types, use of cookies, legitimate consent, user information and the interaction with Communication Laws. Particularly the guidelines establish a series of definitions on the types o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-01", "title": "Turkish Constitutional Court Ruling on Personal Data Protection in Labor Law", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/02/20210205-15.pdf", "description": "On 12 January 2021, the Turkish constitutional court issued a ruling (no. 2018/31036) in a civil lawsuit which sets a precedent for the scope of data privacy in labor law. An employee was subject to an internal audit in which his e-mail correspondences and communication was analysed without his consent. The audit led to his dismissal, which he claimed violated the the Turkish data protection law. The Turkish Constitutional Court ruled that the investigation of corporate e-mails was within the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-15", "title": "Recommendations on Protection of Personal Data in the Artificial Intelligence Field", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/25a1162f-0e61-4a43-98d0-3e7d057ac31a.pdf", "description": "On 15 September 2021, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority adopted recommendations on personal data protection in artificial intelligence. The recommendations contain general recommendations, recommendations for developers and recommendations for decisionmakers. General recommendations include a privacy impact assessment in high risk AI practices, anonymisation for AI data processing and the determination of the data controller and processor status. Recommendations for developers in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Türkiye: Data residency obligation in Regulation on Information Systems and Electronic Banking Services of Banks", "url": "https://www.bddk.org.tr/Mevzuat/DokumanGetir/1063", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the Turkish Regulation on Information Systems and Electronic Banking Services of Banks entered into force. Article 25 of the Regulation requires banks to maintain their primary and secondary systems within the country. Primary systems encompass infrastructure, hardware, software, and data used to execute banking activities and record information related to a bank's compliance with its legal obligations. Secondary systems are backups to primary systems, to be used during int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-24", "title": "Guideline on Considerations in the Processing of Biometric Data", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/6c6261f1-ead3-46b0-b6cb-5404566f04ba.pdf", "description": "On 24 August 2022, the Turkish Data Protection Authority (KVKK) adopted the Guidelines on the Issues to be Considered in the Processing of Genetic Data. The Guidelines aim to clarify what is involved in the processing of biometric data, considered by the Law on Protection of Personal Data (No. 6698) of 2106 as a \"special category of personal data\". The Guidelines impose certain obligations on the data controller, primarily the prohibition of undermining the fundamental rights and freedoms of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-03", "title": "Turkish Data Protection Authority investigation into TikTok over data protection measures", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7538/2023-134", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Board issued Decision No 2023/134 concerning the investigation into TikTok over its data protection measures and imposed a fine of TRY 1.75 million against the company. The Board found that TikTok failed to adopt measures to ensure an appropriate level of security over the data it collected in order to prevent the unlawful processing of personal data. In particular, the Board found that TikTok’s privacy policy and terms of service failed t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-07-05", "title": "Turkish Data Protection Authority Investigation into Amazon Türkiye", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/6739/2020-173", "description": "On 7 May 2020, the Data Protection Authority of Turkiye (KVKK) sanctioned Amazon Turkiye with a fine of TRY 1.2 million. The reason for this was a violation of the Regulation of Electronic Commerce (Law No. 6563) since Amazon Turkiye did not obtain express consent before sending electronic commercial messages, as would have been required by law. Furthermore, Amazon Turkiye also did not comply with the information or explicit consent requirements regarding cookies. Amazon Turkiye was further h...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-09", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority Investigation into WhatsApp for Failure to Obtain Consent for Data Processing", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7045/WHATSAPP-UYGULAMASI-HAKKINDA-YURUTULEN-RESEN-INCELEMEYE-ILISKIN-KAMUOYU-DUYURUSU", "description": "On 9 September 2021, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) sanctioned WhatsApp with a fine of TRY 1.95 million for failing to obtain consent for the processing of personal data. Firstly, under the Turkish Data Protection Law, explicit consent must be obtained for specific data processing activities. The agreement to terms and conditions does not suffice. Secondly, WhatsApp violated Turkish Data Protection law by not being transparent about the type of data to be transferred. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-22", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority Investigation into Meta and WhatsApp for Failure to Register in Data Controller Registry", "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/science-technology/turkiye-fines-whatsapp-meta-for-flouting-data-rules/2853047", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the state-run news agency Anadolu Agency announced that the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) sanctioned Meta and WhatsApp with a fine of TRY 2.6 million each for failing to enrol in the data controller registry (VERBIS). The companies were granted 30 days to register.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-07-24", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Information and Communication Security Guide", "url": "https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/icsguide/", "description": "On 24 July 2020, the Information and Communication Security Guide was adopted by the Digital Transformation Office of Turkiye. The Guide is directed to public institutions and operators providing critical infrastructure services. The guide requires such entities to ensure the domestic storage of critical data when using cloud services. Further, the guide contains measures for cloud security and to keep domestic communication traffic within Turkiye.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-13", "title": "KVKK guidelines on the processing of genetic data", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/f3ca871c-bdac-48b1-ace3-9d40dbe533d2.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published guidelines on the processing of genetic data according to Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Law. The guideline specifies that genetic data is classified as a special category of personal data and lists the legal basis for collecting such data. The guideline specifies the technical and administrative measures that controllers must implement when processing genetic data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-19", "title": "Data Protection Authority Guidelines on Deepfakes", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7807/Deepfake-Bilgi-Notu", "description": "On 19 January 2024, the Turkish Data Protection Authority (KVKK) adopted the guidelines on Deepfakes, outlining the threats posed by deepfake technology to personal data and providing guidance on detection and prevention. The note, applicable across all sectors, details the use of artificial intelligence techniques to manipulate personal data, creating realistic imitations of individuals' faces, movements, and voices. It highlights potential dangers such as financial damage, cyberbullying, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-07", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board's Guide on Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs) for Data Processors", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7938/Standart-Sozlesmeler-ve-Baglayici-Sirket-Kurallarina-Iliskin-Dokumanlar-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (PDPB) adopted the Guide on Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs) for Data Processors. The guide includes the application form controllers are required to use in order to obtain PDPB approval, clarifies the information and measures that have to be included in BCRs and specifies the documents that have to be made available. Furthermore, the guide specifies that the provisions for group members under the law are effective unless a higher protection l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill amending Law on Regulating Publications Made on the Internet", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/52e1e8d7-4011-44a3-8fdf-018fc9da6a20", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Bill amending Law on Regulating Publications Made on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed Through These Publications was introduced to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The Bill would require the Turkish representation of the social network provider \"TikTok\" to prevent access to content that contradicts “general morals, public interest, and the traditions, customs, and practices of Turkish society” before their publication. In case TikTok fails to block access ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-24", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Artificial Intelligence Law (2/2234)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/e21539a0-888a-4500-81be-01904a918c53", "description": "On 24 June 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Law (2/2234), including artificial intelligence authority governance, was introduced in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye. The Law seeks to establish a comprehensive legal framework covering the development and use of artificial intelligence technologies by laying out general principles and specific obligations. The Law would require broad powers to be given to designated supervisory authorities to ensure safe and effective use of AI systems a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-24", "title": "Business registration requirement in Artificial Intelligence Law (2/2234)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/e21539a0-888a-4500-81be-01904a918c53", "description": "On 24 June 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Law (2/2234), including business registration requirements, was introduced in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye. The Law seeks to establish a comprehensive legal framework covering the development and use of artificial intelligence technologies by laying out general principles and specific obligations. Under the Law's regulatory framework, certain AI systems, such as autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostic systems, and AI applications used in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-07", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board investigation into Uber Technologies regarding possible data breach", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7939/Kamuoyu-Duyurusu-Veri-Ihlali-Bildirimi-Uber-Technologies-Inc-", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (KVKK) issued a data breach notification to the public about a potential data breach at Uber Technologies. The investigation began after Uber Technologies notified KVKK in compliance with Article 12, Paragraph 5 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698. On 2 July 2024, Uber received an email from an individual indicating an intention to disclose personal data possibly originating from Uber. The breach's timing and source are still under ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-11", "title": "Turkish Competition Authority source on AI-enabled public procurement oversight (2024)", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/tr/Guncel/kamu-ihale-kurumu-ve-rekabet-kurumu-kamu-c9a93d8b5e9bef1193d20050568585c9", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-05-11 for Turkey concerning Public Procurement Authority and Competition Authority protocol for AI enabled competition analysis in public procurement. See the linked rekabet.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-16", "title": "KVKK investigation into Twitch over alleged data breach", "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/bilim-teknoloji/kvkkden-sosyal-medya-platformu-twitche-veri-sizintisi-nedeniyle-2-milyon-lira-ceza/3395339", "description": "On 16 November 2024, the Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkey (KVKK) issued a ruling against Twitch with a fine of TRL 2 million lira following a data breach. The KVKK noted that the data breach affected 35'274 individuals in Turkey. The fine is composed of TRL 1.75 for failing to implement adequate technical and administrative measures to secure personal data and TRL 250'000 for not notifying the breach. It was highlighted that Twitch did not properly address system vulnerabilities b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-11", "title": "Information Note about Artificial Intelligence Chatbots", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/967c7518-2a4c-4318-9c97-01dcac2591f3.pdf", "description": "On 8 November 2024, Türkiye's Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published an information note about artificial intelligence chatbots. The information note addresses the intensive activity of personal data collection and processing by chatbots, providing guidelines for the development of chatbot applications. The declaration enhances transparency, user control over personal data, and the security of personal data in the context of AI chatbot applications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-06-20", "title": "Data localisation requirements in regulation on the information systems of the banks and electronical banking services", "url": "https://www.bddk.org.tr/Mevzuat/DokumanGetir/1063", "description": "On 20 June 2020, the Regulation on Information Systems and Electronic Banking Services of Banks came into force. The regulation establishes comprehensive standards for the management of banks' information systems and electronic services. Primary and secondary systems of banks are required to be stored domestically. Further, the regulation defines governance roles, policies and procedures to ensure secure and effective IS operations, with an emphasis on risk management and compliance. The info...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-02", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on standard contracts concerning cross-border data transfers", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8170/Yurt-Disina-Kisisel-Veri-Aktariminda-Kullanilacak-Standart-Sozlesmelerde-Dikkat-Edilmesi-Gereken-Hususlara-Iliskin-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the Turkish Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published guidelines on standard contracts for the international transfer of personal data. The initiative concerns the validity of standard contracts used in the transfer of personal data abroad, as regulated by Article 9 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698. The standard contracts must be signed by authorised representatives of both parties and, if they are in a foreign language, the signatures must also appear on the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-03", "title": "Personal Data Protection Authority guide on processing of special personal data", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8184/Ozel-Nitelikli-Kisisel-Verilerin-Islenmesine-Iliskin-Rehber", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkey adopted the guide on processing special categories of personal data. The guide clarifies legal requirements and compliance following amendments to the Law on Protection of Personal Data. The guide outlines conditions for processing special categories of personal data, reinforcing the principles of legality, accuracy, purpose limitation, proportionality, and retention limits. It clarifies that processing is generally prohibi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-19", "title": "Establishment of the Cybersecurity Authority in Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250319-1.htm", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545) including establishment of Cybersecurity Authority entered into force. The scope of this Law includes public institutions, professional organisations, private entities, and individuals operating in the cyberspace domain, with exceptions for intelligence activities under national security laws. The Law provides definitions, basic principles and responsibilities for cybersecurity, including the protection of critical infrastructure, data se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-19", "title": "Import tariff exception in Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250319-1.htm", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545) entered into force. The scope of this Law encompasses public institutions, professional organisations, private entities, and individuals operating within the cyberspace domain, with exceptions for intelligence activities under national security laws. The Law provides definitions, basic principles and responsibilities for cybersecurity, including the protection of critical infrastructure, data security and the role of cybersecurity respons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Personal Data Protection Authority guide on protection of personal data in the payment and electronic money sector", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8286/Odeme-ve-Elektronik-Para-Sektorunde-Kisisel-Verilerin-Korunmasina-Iliskin-Iyi-Uygulamalar-Rehberi", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Personal Data Protection Authority published a guide on data protection in the payment and electronic money sector. The guide provides practical guidance for data controllers, including electronic money institutions, point of sale service providers, mobile payment service providers, bill payment intermediaries, and money transfer intermediaries. The guidance addresses areas such as the roles of data controllers and processors, legal bases for data processing, and rules f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-06", "title": "Competition Authority investigation into Google over alleged abuse of dominance in online advertising", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/tr/Guncel/alphabet-inc-google-ireland-limited-goog-d095701ab44df01193e80050568585c9", "description": "On 12 June 2025, the Turkish Competition Authority opened an investigation into Google over abuse of dominance in online advertising. The investigation focuses on whether Google abused its dominance in search-based advertising by using its Performance Max (PMAX) campaign to favour its broader advertisement ecosystem. The investigation will also examine whether Google engaged in exploitative practices due to PMAX’s lack of transparency and control, and distorted competition by combining data f...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "title": "Personal Data Protection Authority investigation into Biletal over data breach", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8368/Kamuoyu-Duyurusu-Veri-Ihlali-Bildirimi-Biletal-Ic-ve-Dis-Ticaret-A-S-", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) announced the launch of an investigation into a personal data breach reported by Biletal Domestic and Foreign Trade. The breach was detected on 11 August 2025 by the company’s IT teams in coordination with the Information and Communication Technologies Authority, after cyber attackers offered customer identity, contact, and transaction data for sale on illegal online platforms. The incident is estimated to have affected around 7...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Data Protection Authority's guide to the Data Controllers Registry Information System (VERBIS)", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8426/Sorularla-Veri-Sorumlulari-Sicil-Bilgi-Sistemi-VERBIS-ve-Veri-Sorumlulari-Sicil-Bilgi-Sistemi-VERBIS-Kilavuzu-Guncellendi", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) released guide to the Data Controllers Registry Information System (VERBIS). The guide complements the VERBIS system by presenting the framework of obligations in a question-and-answer format. It provides clarifications on the purpose and scope of the system, the obligations of data controllers, and the statutory basis under Article 16 of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698. It addresses the registration requirem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "Data protection regulation in Regulation on Promotion and Information Activities in Health Services", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/11/20251112-2.htm", "description": "On 12 November 2025, the Ministry of Health published the Regulation on Promotion and Information Activities in Health Services in the Official Gazette, with the Regulation taking effect on the same date. The Regulation applies to all instances in which personal data or personal health data are recorded, processed, or shared for promotional or informational purposes. The Regulation requires compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, the Patient Rights Regulation, and the Regul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Generative Artificial Intelligence and Personal Data Protection Guide (in 15 Questions)", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5MjNmNmIwZWY3YTE.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-11-24 for Turkey concerning Generative Artificial Intelligence and Personal Data Protection Guide (in 15 Questions). See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-25", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 191 amending Decrees to establish artificial intelligence infrastructure and policy functions", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/12/20251225-12.pdf", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Presidential Decree No. 191 on Amending Certain Presidential Decrees entered into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette No. 33118. The Decree amends Presidential Decree No. 1 on the Presidential Organisation by renaming the General Directorate of National Technology under the Ministry of Industry and Technology as the General Directorate of National Technology and Artificial Intelligence. It assigns responsibilities for developing a national data centre a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-25", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Uludag Elektrik Dagitim AS data breach", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8566/kamuoyu-duyurusu-veri-ihlali-bildirimi-uludag-elektrik-dagitim-as", "description": "On 25 December 2025, the Data Protection Authority (KVKK) issued a public disclosure notice regarding a data breach involving electricity network Uludağ Elektrik Dağıtım AŞ. KVKK stated that the investigation of the breach was ongoing, though it summarised the relevant facts of the breach, which occurred on 5 August 2025 and was detected on 18 August 2025, affecting a dataset about subscribers involving 57 data categories.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Age verification requirements in Law on Protection of Children and Young People in Digital Environment (No. 2/3460)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/fbc0a279-1f5b-4c15-aca4-019b98b57dfd", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Law on Protection of Children and Young People in the Digital Environment was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The law applies to content providers, intermediary service providers, social network providers, gaming companies, and users. It establishes a preventive and protective framework to address digital risks, including digital addiction, virtual gambling, cyberbullying, harmful or obscene content, misuse of personal data, disinformation, and terrorist prop...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Bill amending Law No. 6698 on protection of personal data (No. 2 / 3465)", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y4/T2/WebOnergeMetni/84f5c865-95cf-4c07-8cda-681abdccea66.pdf", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the Bill amending Law No. 6698 on the protection of personal data, was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The Bill would amend the Personal Data Protection Act by introducing an administrative fine for social media services and digital platforms which permit the sharing of AI-generated audio, written, or visual content without the consent of the represented or depicted person. The imposed fine would amount to five percent of the offending entity's turnover in the ye...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidance for parents of children using artificial intelligence tools", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5NjRmZGEyY2I3ZDY.pdf", "description": "On 12 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) released guidance for parents of children using artificial intelligence tools. The guidance addresses the use of artificial intelligence technologies by children in education, gaming, communication and social activities. The guidance covers tools including chatbots, artificial intelligence-supported learning applications and content generation tools. The guidance states that these tools may facilitate learning and access to inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Law on Protection of Children and Young People in Digital Environment (No. 2/3460)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/fbc0a279-1f5b-4c15-aca4-019b98b57dfd", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Law on Protection of Children and Young People in the Digital Environment was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The law applies to content providers, intermediary service providers, social network providers, gaming companies, and users. It seeks to establish a preventive and protective framework addressing risks, including digital addiction, virtual gambling, cyberbullying, harmful or obscene content, misuse of personal data, disinformation, and terrorist propa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Data Protection Authority updates administrative fine levels under Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8145/6698-sayili-kisisel-verilerin-korunmasi-kanunu-kapsaminda-idari-para-cezasi-tutarlari", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Authority updated the administrative fine thresholds under Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data (DPL). In accordance with Article 17(7) of the Misdemeanors Law No. 5326 and repeated Article 298 of the Tax Procedure Law No. 213, administrative fines are adjusted annually based on the revaluation rate determined and announced by the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. For the 2026 calendar year, the applicable fines were increased by 25.4...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority source on Google Assistant data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8613/google-assistant-hakkinda-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "Official source record for Turkey concerning Data Protection Authority investigation into Google over alleged unauthorised personal data processing by Google Assistant. See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority source on Grok-related data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8614/grok-yapay-zeka-asistani-hakkinda-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "Official source record for Turkey concerning Personal Data Protection Authority investigation into X Internet Unlimited Company and X.AI Corporation over suspected violations of Law on Protection of Personal Data concerning the Grok AI Assistant. See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "Personal Data Protection Authority investigation into social media platforms over processing of children's personal data", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8666/cocuklarin-sosyal-medya-kullaniminda-kisisel-verilerinin-korunmasina-iliskin-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the Personal Data Protection Authority opened investigations on its own initiative into TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, X, and Discord in relation to the processing of children’s personal data on social media platforms. The Authority will review how these platforms process children’s personal data and examine the measures in place to protect such data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Bill on Amendments to the Social Services Law and Certain Other Laws", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/5f9ced52-3776-46e4-be23-019cb8da2666", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Bill on Amendments to the Social Services Law and Certain Other Laws was introduced to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Article 22 would grant the Information Technologies and Communication Authority additional powers over social network providers. These powers include ordering content removal and access blocking, requiring risk assessments, and requesting information on algorithms, data processing mechanisms, and corporate structures. The Authority would also be ab...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Competition Authority inquiry into AI ecosystem", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/en/Guncel/competition-authority-launched-sector-in-00e7fb1b8332f11193f70050568585c9", "description": "On 7 April 2026, the Competition Authority launched a sector inquiry into the AI ecosystem to evaluate the effects of AI developments on markets and identify emerging competitive risks. The inquiry focuses on the AI value chain, which spans infrastructure, model building, and applications. It will examine access conditions to critical inputs, including data, computing capacity, technical expertise, and funding, as well as relationships between the different layers of the value chain, interact...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 July 2020", "title": "Data residency obligation in Turkish social media law 2020", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/07/20200731-1.htm", "description": "With the publication in the Turkish Official Gazette, Law No. 7253 amending the \"Law on Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Suppression of Crimes Committed by Means of Such Publications\" is implemented by the Turkish Parliament. The Law requires \"social networks\" that are accessed by more than one million users every day to take \"necessary measures\" to keep the data of Turkish users in Turkiye.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年土耳其社交媒体法中的数据驻留义务", "description_zh": "随着土耳其官方公报的发布，土耳其议会实施了第 7253 号法律，修订了《互联网出版物监管和制止利用此类出版物实施的犯罪法》。该法要求每天访问超过一百万用户的“社交网络”采取“必要措施”保留土耳其用户的数据。" }, { "date": "1 April 2022", "title": "Obligation to register with data protection authority (VERBIS)", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7156/Veri-Sorumlulari-Siciline-Kayit-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 4 January 2022, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) issued a noticefor data controllers in relation to the obligation to register with the Data Controllers Registry Information System (VERBIS). The notice reminds data controllers that mere submission or mailing of the registration form is not sufficient to fulfil the registration obligation. The complete registration process also requires, among other things, the appointment of a 'contact person' for each controller, who ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "向数据保护机构 (VERBIS) 注册的义务", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 4 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 向数据控制者发布了一份通知，涉及在数据控制者注册信息系统 (VERBIS) 中注册的义务。该通知提醒数据控制者，仅提交或邮寄注册表单不足以履行注册义务。除其他事项外，完整的注册过程还需要为每个控制者指定一名“联系人”，该联系人..." }, { "date": "15 January 2021", "title": "KVKK decision on third-party personal data sharing", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/6858/2020-966", "description": "On 15 January 2021, Decision 966/2020 of the Turkish data protection authority (KVKK) entered into force. The Decision specifies the rules for the sharing of personal data with third parties by data controllers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 关于第三方个人数据共享的决定", "description_zh": "土耳其数据保护机构 (KVKK) 第 966/2020 号决定于 2021 年 1 月 15 日生效。该决定规定了数据控制者与第三方共享个人数据的规则。" }, { "date": "15 March 2020", "title": "Regulation on Bank Information Systems and Electronic Banking Services", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/03/20200315-10.htm", "description": "The Banking Regulatory and Supervisory Authority adopts the Regulation on Bank Information Systems and Electronic Banking Services, introducing data protection, fake advertising prevention and risk management mechanisms regarding banking information systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "银行信息系统和电子银行服务监管", "description_zh": "银行业监督管理机构通过《银行信息系统和电子银行服务条例》，引入银行信息系统数据保护、虚假广告预防和风险管理机制。" }, { "date": "1 July 2022", "title": "Turkish Constitutional Court ruling on access-blocking", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/01/20220107-17.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2022, the Turkish Constitutional Court published a ruling regarding access blocking of newspaper articles and reports (Decision No. 2018/14884). The ruling overturned blocking orders concerning online news articles that allegedly harmed the reputation of politicians and public servants. The blockings were issued without notice to or hearing of the content or hosting providers, a procedure reserved only for blatant violations that judges can determine without a hearing (prima faci...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其宪法法院关于封锁访问的裁决", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 7 日，土耳其宪法法院发布了一项关于封锁报纸文章和报道的裁决（第 2018/14884 号决定）。该裁决推翻了针对涉嫌损害政客和公务员声誉的在线新闻文章的屏蔽令。这些封锁是在没有通知或听取内容或托管提供商的情况下发出的，这一程序仅适用于法官无需听证即可确定的公然违规行为（表面上看……" }, { "date": "12 January 2021", "title": "Communiqué on the Management and Supervision of the IT Systems of Payment and Electronic Money Institutions and Data Sharing Services of Payment Service Providers in Payment Services Area", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/12/20211201-3.htm", "description": "On 1 December 2021, the Turkish Central Bank published and implemented a communiqué on the management of information systems and data sharing by payment providers.\nAccording to the communiqué, financial institutions (specifically, the board of directors) are responsible for ensuring the security of information systems. Institutions must implement an information security system as well as data protection measures, including safeguards for sensitive customer data and information mechanisms for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于支付服务领域支付电子货币机构IT系统及支付服务提供者数据共享服务管理监督的公报", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 1 日，土耳其中央银行发布并实施了关于支付提供商信息系统管理和数据共享的公报。\n公报称，金融机构（具体为董事会）对确保信息系统安全负有责任。机构必须实施信息安全系统和数据保护措施，包括保护敏感客户数据和信息机制......" }, { "date": "2 December 2022", "title": "Regulation of data protection officer certification", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7176/Katilim-Belgesinin-Verilmesine-Dair-Usul-ve-Esaslar", "description": "On 12 February 2021, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority published and implemented the \"Procedures and Principles Regarding Granting Certificate of Participation\" for data protection officers. The guidelines expand on the previous communiqué by the authority, explaining that to become a data protection officer, individuals must fulfill 40 hours of training sessions and score at least 70% in the exam.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护官认证监管", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 12 日，土耳其个人数据保护局为数据保护官员发布并实施了“授予参与证书的程序和原则”。该指南对当局之前的公报进行了扩展，解释说要成为数据保护官员，个人必须完成 40 个小时的培训课程，并且考试成绩至少达到 70%。" }, { "date": "22 November 2021", "title": "US-Turkey Agreement on Transition from Existing Digital Services Tax to OECD-G20 Inclusive Framework", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0503", "description": "On 22 November 2021, the United States Department of the Treasury announced that it reached an agreement with Turkiye on the transition from the existing Turkish Digital Services Tax to the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework which both states joined on 8 October 2021. Moreover, the Treasury Department stated that the US will stop implementing the trade measures adopted in response to the Turkish Digital Services Tax.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国与土耳其关于从现有数字服务税过渡到 OECD-G20 包容性框架的协议", "description_zh": "2021年11月22日，美国财政部宣布与土耳其就从现有的土耳其数字服务税过渡到两国于2021年10月8日加入的OECD/G20包容性框架达成协议。此外，美国财政部表示，美国将停止实施针对土耳其数字服务税而采取的贸易措施。" }, { "date": "16 July 2022", "title": "KKVK guidance on data protection in loyalty programmes", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/6f32ec9e-dacd-45b3-80c8-06bd7a7cc8f6.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2022, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) closed the public consultation on the Draft Guideline on the Processing of Personal Data in Loyalty Programs, that it opened on 16 June 2022. The guideline covers the processing of personal data in customer loyalty programmes, in which operators are qualified as data controllers, and customers as data subjects. The guideline differentiates the categories of personal data processed in loyalty programmes, providing a detaile...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "KKVK 关于忠诚度计划中数据保护的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 16 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 结束了关于《忠诚度计划中个人数据处理指南》草案的公众咨询，该指南于 2022 年 6 月 16 日开放。该指南涵盖了客户忠诚度计划中的个人数据处理，其中运营商有资格作为数据控制者，客户是数据主体。该指南区分了忠诚度计划中处理的个人数据类别，提供了详细..." }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Amendment to the Law on the Regulation of Electronic Commerce", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/07/20220707-2.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the obligation for “electronic commerce intermediary service providers” to remove illegal content outlined in the Regulation of Electronic Commerce Law is implemented. The Act requires e-commerce providers to take down illegal content from the listings on their platform, including advertisements on goods infringing property rights and notify the competent authorities and the right holder.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电子商务管理法修正案中的内容审核要求", "description_zh": "自2023年1月1日起，《电子商务法实施条例》规定的“电子商务中介服务提供者”删除违法内容的义务正式实施。该法要求电子商务提供商从其平台上的列表中删除非法内容，包括侵犯产权的商品广告，并通知主管部门和权利人。" }, { "date": "8 May 2022", "title": "Guidelines by the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority on protection of personal data in the banking sector", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/12236bad-8de1-4c94-aad6-bb93f53271fb.pdf", "description": "On 5 August 2022, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority published Guidelines on the protection of personal data in the banking sector. The Guideline provides insights on best practices to be adopted for privacy protection in the banking sector, details the legal grounds for processing data in the banking sector, provides direction on the possible content to be included in the data processing agreements, and also gives clarification on cross border transfer of data by banks and other ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其个人数据保护局关于银行业个人数据保护的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 5 日，土耳其个人数据保护局发布了银行业个人数据保护指南。该指南提供了银行业隐私保护最佳实践的见解，详细说明了银行业处理数据的法律依据，就数据处理协议中可能包含的内容提供了指导，并对银行和其他机构跨境传输数据进行了澄清。" }, { "date": "18 October 2022", "title": "Bill regulating social media and Internet journalism (Disinformation Law)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/10/20221018-1.htm", "description": "On 18 October 2022, the Bill regulating social media and Internet journalism, also known as the \"disinformation law\", was implemented through the publication in the official gazette of Turkiye. The Bill incorporates Internet news sites in the scope of the Press Law and will make misinformation and false accusations disseminated on social media regarding the country's security and public order, a criminal offence punishable with jail for one year to up to three years. Furthermore, platforms di...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "规范社交媒体和互联网新闻的法案（虚假信息法）", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 18 日，规范社交媒体和互联网新闻的法案（也称为“虚假信息法”）通过土耳其官方公报发布实施。该法案将互联网新闻网站纳入《新闻法》的范围，并将在社交媒体上传播有关国家安全和公共秩序的错误信息和不实指控，构成刑事犯罪，可判处一年至三年以下有期徒刑。此外，平台还..." }, { "date": "18 October 2022", "title": "Regulation on Collection, Storage and Sharing of Insurance Data", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/10/20221018.pdf", "description": "On 18 October 2022, the Regulation on Collection, Storage and Sharing of Insurance Data (Regulation) entered into force through publication in the official gazette of Turkiye. The Regulation was issued by the Insurance and Private Pension Regulation and Supervision Authority and conforms with Insurance Law No. 5684. The Regulation defines insurance data as any data that is required for risk assessments. The Regulation holds that an Insurance Information and Monitoring Centre is to be created,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保险数据收集、存储和共享的规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 18 日，《保险数据收集、存储和共享条例》（条例）通过在土耳其官方公报上发布而生效。该条例由保险和私人养老金监管机构颁布，符合第 5684 号保险法。该条例将保险数据定义为风险评估所需的任何数据。该条例规定，将建立保险信息和监控中心，..." }, { "date": "8 November 2022", "title": "Circular Explaining the Application of The Regulation for Disclosure of Confidential Information (No. 2022/1)", "url": "https://www.bddk.org.tr/Mevzuat/DokumanGetir/1135", "description": "On 11 August 2022, Circular No. 2022/1 Explaining the Application of The Regulation for Disclosure of Confidential Information was implemented by the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA). The Circular elaborates on the application of the Regulation for Disclosure of Confidential Information. The Circular contains guidance on how to conform to the confidentiality obligation, held in Article 73 of the Turkish Banking Law No. 5411. Both the scope as well as exceptions of the general ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于适用《保密信息公开条例》的通知（第2022/1号）", "description_zh": "2022年8月11日，银行业监管机构（BRSA）实施了解释《保密信息披露条例》适用的第2022/1号通知。 《通知》对《保密信息公开条例》的适用进行了详细阐述。该通知包含有关如何遵守土耳其银行法第 5411 号第 73 条规定的保密义务的指导。一般规定的范围和例外情况......" }, { "date": "1 March 2022", "title": "Second Study on Frequently Asked Questions and Misconceptions About the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/d077b665-66b6-4615-975a-249f93e084ba.pdf", "description": "On 3 January 2022, the Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkiye published the Second Study on Frequently Asked Questions and Misconceptions About the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698. In it, frequently asked questions are answered and the implementation of the Law is explained. Questions about the exact procedure after data breaches are answered, as well as the obligation to inform data subjects and gather explicit consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于第6698号个人数据保护法常见问题和误解的第二次研究", "description_zh": "2022年1月3日，土耳其个人数据保护局发布了《关于第6698号个人数据保护法常见问题和误解的第二次研究》。其中回答了常见问题并解释了该法的实施情况。回答有关数据泄露后的确切程序的问题，以及告知数据主体并收集明确同意的义务。" }, { "date": "20 October 2021", "title": "KKVK Guidance on the Right to be Forgotten Regarding Search Service Providers", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/63cd8698-9b47-47a2-8656-47d396e50902.pdf", "description": "On 20 October 2021, the Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkiye adopted its guidance on the right to be forgotten regarding search engines. According to the guidance, individuals can exercise their right to be forgotten either by complaining to the Board of the Personal Data Protection Authority or by making a request directly to the data controller. The search engine has 30 days to decide on such requests. If this request is denied, then a complaint can be lodged with the Board. The gu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KKVK 关于搜索服务提供商被遗忘权的指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 20 日，土耳其个人数据保护局通过了关于搜索引擎被遗忘权的指南。根据该指南，个人可以通过向个人数据保护机构委员会投诉或直接向数据控制者提出请求来行使被遗忘的权利。搜索引擎有 30 天的时间来决定此类请求。如果该请求被拒绝，则可以向委员会提出投诉。顾..." }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Regulation on Disclosure of Client Information", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2021/06/20210604.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Regulation on Disclosure of Client Information is implemented. The Banking Regulatory and Supervisory Authority (BRSA) of Turkiye established this regulation in order to elaborate upon the sharing and transferring of client information. This authorization is given to the BRSA in Article 73 of the Banking Law No. 5411 of Turkiye. The regulation holds that the confidentiality obligation held under Article 73 of the Banking Law will also apply to information collected in a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "客户信息披露规定", "description_zh": "2022年1月1日起，《客户信息披露规定》施行。土耳其银行监管局（BRSA）制定本规定是为了详细说明客户信息的共享和传输。该授权是根据土耳其第 5411 号银行法第 73 条授予 BRSA 的。该规定认为，《银行法》第七十三条规定的保密义务也适用于..." }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "KVKK investigation into gaming platform over cookies transparency and consent", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7595/2022-1358", "description": "On 23 December 2022, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) issued its ruling in an investigation into a gaming platform's use of cookies compliance with the Law on Protection of Personal Data. Following its investigation, KVKK stated that the platform users must be informed about the use of cookies and processed personal data. Online gaming platforms are required to specify the data collected, its purpose, and the methods used for processing the data. Furthermore, gaming plat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 对游戏平台关于 Cookie 透明度和同意的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 23 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 对某游戏平台使用 cookie 是否符合《个人数据保护法》的情况进行了调查，并发布了裁决。经过调查，KVKK 表示，平台用户必须了解 cookie 的使用和处理的个人数据。在线游戏平台需要明确收集的数据、其目的以及处理数据的方法。此外，游戏平台..." }, { "date": "22 May 2022", "title": "Turkish Competition Board Investigation into Online Marketplace Trendyol for Alleged Self-Preferencing", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/Safahat?safahatId=7ba36cb0-2542-4448-aaa4-15fca9c73819", "description": "On 25 May 2022, the 9th Administrative Court of Ankara ruled on the validity of the interim measures imposed by the Turkish Competition Board against Trendyol, Turkiye's largest e-commerce provider, for self-preferencing its own retail services on its online marketplace platform. The court found that only the interim measures concerning the adjustment of Trendyol's algorithm to treat its own products in a preferential matter were mostly justified. Both the interim measures against Trendyol's ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其竞争委员会对在线市场 Trendyol 涉嫌自我偏好的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 25 日，安卡拉第九行政法院裁定土耳其竞争委员会针对土耳其最大的电子商务提供商 Trendyol 在其在线市场平台上自我偏好自有零售服务而采取的临时措施的有效性。法院认为，只有调整Trendyol算法以优惠对待自家产品的临时措施才基本合理。针对 Trendyol 的两项临时措施......" }, { "date": "6 April 2021", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Regulation on Processing of Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy in the Electronic Communication Sector", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/12/20201204-13.htm", "description": "On 4 June 2021, the Regulation on Processing of Personal Data and the Protection of Privacy in the Electronic Communication Sector entered into force. The Regulation determines the principles for the processing of personal data in the electronic communications sector, which includes all kinds of transmission systems ensuring electronic connections between one or more points, as determined by the Turkish Electronic Communications Law (Law No. 5809). Article 5(2) states that traffic and locatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《电子通信领域个人数据处理和隐私保护条例》中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2021年6月4日，《电子通信领域个人数据处理和隐私保护条例》生效。该法规确定了电子通信领域个人数据处理的原则，其中包括确保一个或多个点之间电子连接的各种传输系统，如土耳其电子通信法（第 5809 号法律）所确定。第 5 条第 2 款规定，交通和位置..." }, { "date": "26 October 2023", "title": "Cooperation and Information Sharing Protocol between the Personal Data Protection Authority and the Competition Authority", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/en/Guncel/cooperation-and-information-sharing-prot-ec943b37fa76ee118ec700505685da39", "description": "On 26 October 2023, the Turkish Competition Authority and the Personal Data Protection Authority signed a Cooperation and Information Sharing Protocol. The authorities signed the Protocol in light of the increased interdependence of personal data protection and competition issues. The Protocol aims to ensure active cooperation between the authorities while strengthening consumers’ rights and establishing an effective competition environment. In particular, the Protocol engages the authorities...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护机构与竞争机构之间的合作和信息共享协议", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 26 日，土耳其竞争管理局和个人数据保护局签署了合作与信息共享协议。鉴于个人数据保护和竞争问题日益相互依赖，当局签署了该议定书。该议定书旨在确保当局之间的积极合作，同时加强消费者权利并建立有效的竞争环境。特别是，该议定书让当局参与......" }, { "date": "11 August 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning freedom of expression and press in decision to block access to online news site", "url": "https://www.anayasa.gov.tr/tr/haberler/bireysel-basvuru-basin-duyurulari/erisimin-engellenmesi-karari-nedeniyle-ifade-ve-basin-ozgurluklerinin-ihlal-edilmesi/", "description": "On 8 November 2023, the Turkish Constitutional Court ruled that the decision to block access to the internet news site Artı Gerçek violated freedoms of expression and press. This ruling came in response to the site owner's challenge against the block imposed following a news publication on 15 October 2019. The Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs had requested the block under Article 8/A of Law No. 5651, which was then executed by the Information Technologies and Communication Authority and a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于言论和新闻自由的诉讼，决定阻止访问在线新闻网站", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 8 日，土耳其宪法法院裁定，阻止访问互联网新闻网站 Artı Gerçek 的决定侵犯了言论和新闻自由。这项裁决是为了回应网站所有者对 2019 年 10 月 15 日新闻发布后实施的屏蔽提出的质疑。土耳其内政部根据第 5651 号法律第 8/A 条请求屏蔽，随后由信息技术和通信管理局执行，并..." }, { "date": "22 December 2023", "title": "KVKK Guidelines for protecting privacy in mobile applications", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/8ba209bb-fa93-4479-84f0-dd55aac97a0f.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published the ‘Guidelines for protecting privacy in mobile applications’. The Guidelines provide advice on meeting the appropriate legal standards for personal data protection in mobile applications, aimed at data controllers. As such, they outline examples of relevant personal data, special categories, and set out who is legally considered as data controller and processor. Further, the Guidelines provide recommendatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 移动应用程序隐私保护指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 22 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布了《移动应用程序隐私保护指南》。该指南针对数据控制者提供了关于满足移动应用程序中个人数据保护的适当法律标准的建议。因此，它们概述了相关个人数据、特殊类别的示例，并规定了谁在法律上被视为数据控制者和处理者。此外，指南还提供了建议..." }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "KKVK Information Note on Legal Conditions for Personal Data Processing", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7823/Kanunlarda-Ongorulme-Kisisel-Veri-Isleme-Sartina-Iliskin-Bilgi-Notu", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KKVK) published an information note outlining the legal conditions under which personal data may be processed without explicit consent, as stipulated in Article 5 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698. Under Article 5, data can be processed if it is mandated by law, is essential for protecting the life or physical integrity of someone whose consent is not legally recognised, necessary for the performance of a contract, compli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KKVK 关于个人数据处理法律条件的信息说明", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 12 日，个人数据保护局 (KKVK) 发布了一份信息说明，概述了第 6698 号个人数据保护法第 5 条规定的未经明确同意即可处理个人数据的法律条件。根据第 5 条，如果法律强制要求、对于保护未经法律认可的人的生命或身体完整至关重要、对于履行合同是必要的、符合规定，则可以处理数据。" }, { "date": "6 January 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill on Amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure, Some Laws and the Decree Law No. 659", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/Kanun/dfab4c12-e3cd-4d22-a085-018db209a74b", "description": "On 1 June 2024, Law No. 7499, previously Bill on Amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure, Some Laws and Decree-Law No. 659, including data protection regulation, enters into force. The law repeals the second paragraph of Article 6 of the Personal Data Protection Law (Law 6698). In particular, the law prohibits the processing of special categories of personal data unless the data subject gives explicit consent, it is explicitly provided for by the laws or necessary for protecting life, or...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《刑事诉讼法修正案》、部分法律和第 659 号法令中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 1 日，第 7499 号法律（之前的《刑事诉讼法修正案法案》、部分法律和第 659 号法令，包括数据保护法规）生效。该法废除了《个人数据保护法》（第6698号法）第六条第二款。特别是，法律禁止处理特殊类别的个人数据，除非数据主体明确同意、法律明确规定或保护生命所必需的，或者……" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "US-Turkiye Digital Dialogue", "url": "https://www.trade.gov/press-release/readout-meeting-2024-us-turkiye-digital-dialogue", "description": "On 4 March 2024, representatives from the United States and Turkish governments held the third US-Turkiye Digital Dialogue in Istanbul. During the Dialogue, the United States and Turkiye outlined several objectives to address, including fostering strategic partnerships between Turkish and US firms, enhancing collaboration on trustworthy AI, organising technical workshops on wireless networks, cloud computing, AI, and cybersecurity, and facilitating trusted cross-border data flows. Officials f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美土数字对话", "description_zh": "2024年3月4日，美国和土耳其政府代表在伊斯坦布尔举行第三次美土数字对话。在对话期间，美国和土耳其概述了需要解决的几个目标，包括促进土耳其和美国公司之间的战略伙伴关系，加强在可信人工智能方面的合作，组织有关无线网络、云计算、人工智能和网络安全的技术研讨会，以及促进可信跨境数据流动。官员们为..." }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board's Regulation on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Transfer of Personal Data Abroad", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/07/20240710-2.htm", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (PDPB)’s Regulation on Procedures and Principles Regarding the Transfer of Personal Data Abroad entered into force. The regulation implements Article 9 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, amended by Law no. 7499, specifying the mechanisms data processors can use to transfer data to other jurisdictions. Data transfers are allowed if the conditions for the processing of personal data from Articles 5 and 6 are met and there is an ade...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会关于个人数据出境转移的程序和原则的规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 10 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPB) 的《个人数据出境程序和原则条例》生效。该条例实施经第 6698 号法律修订的第 6698 号个人数据保护法第 9 条。 7499，指定数据处理器可用于将数据传输到其他管辖区的机制。如果满足第 5 条和第 6 条中的个人数据处理条件并且有适当的条件，则允许数据传输..." }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board's Document on Standard Contract for the Transfer of Personal Data Abroad From Data Controller to Data Controller", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7938/Standart-Sozlesmeler-ve-Baglayici-Sirket-Kurallarina-Iliskin-Dokumanlar-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (PDPB) adopted the Standard Contract for the Transfer of Personal Data Abroad From Data Controller to Data Controller. The contract is based on Article 9 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, amended by Law No. 7499, which specifies the mechanisms data processors can use to transfer data to other jurisdictions. The contract focuses on a data controller transferring personal data abroad (data exporter) and a data controller receiving...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会关于将个人数据从数据控制者转移到数据控制者的标准合同的文件", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 10 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPB) 采用了《数据控制者之间个人数据境外传输标准合同》。该合同基于经第 7499 号法律修订的第 6698 号个人数据保护法第 9 条，其中规定了数据处理者可用于将数据传输到其他司法管辖区的机制。该合同的重点是向国外传输个人数据的数据控制者（数据出口者）和接收......" }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board's Binding Corporate Rules Application Form for Data Controllers", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7938/Standart-Sozlesmeler-ve-Baglayici-Sirket-Kurallarina-Iliskin-Dokumanlar-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (PDPB) adopted the Binding Corporate Rules Application Form for Data Controllers. The binding corporate rules were issued following the adoption of the regulation implementing Article 9 of the Personal Data Protection Law No. 6698, amended by Law No. 7499, which specifies the mechanisms data processors can use to transfer data to other jurisdictions. The draft outlines the information that has to be included and submitted to the PDPB for app...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会具有约束力的公司规则数据控制者申请表", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 10 日，个人数据保护委员会 (PDPB) 通过了数据控制者具有约束力的公司规则申请表。具有约束力的公司规则是在实施第 6698 号个人数据保护法（经第 7499 号法修订）第 9 条的法规通过后发布的，该法规定了数据处理者可用于将数据传输到其他司法管辖区的机制。该草案概述了必须包含并提交给 PDPB 申请的信息..." }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Bill on Amendments to the Turkish Commercial Code including measures to establish a notification procedure before removing content or blocking access", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/4db8038a-23d7-4980-981a-018f3e77c773", "description": "On 29 May 2024, the Bill on Amendments to the Turkish Commercial Code including measures to establish a notification procedure before removing content or blocking access, entered into force. The Bill amends Law No. 6502 on Consumer Protection following the Constitutional Court's decisions from 13/9/2023 on the cases E:2022/70 and K:2023/152, which annulled the twelfth paragraph of Article 77 of Law No. 6502 that lists procedures set for the use of the authority for blocking access granted to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《土耳其商法典》修正案法案，包括在删除内容或阻止访问之前建立通知程序的措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 29 日，《土耳其商法典》修正案法案生效，其中包括在删除内容或阻止访问之前建立通知程序的措施。宪法法院于 2023 年 9 月 13 日就 E:2022/70 和 K:2023/152 案作出裁决后，该法案修订了关于消费者保护的第 6502 号法，该法废除了第 6502 号法第 77 条第十二款，该款列出了使用权力阻止授予...的访问权限的程序。" }, { "date": "13 September 2023", "title": "Case challenging Article 77 of Law No. 6502 on Advertising Council blocking powers constitutionality", "url": "https://normkararlarbilgibankasi.anayasa.gov.tr/Dosyalar/Kararlar/KararPDF/2023-152-nrm.pdf", "description": "On 13 September 2023, the Turkish Constitutional Court issued its decision on the cases E:2022/70 and K:2023/152, annulling the twelfth paragraph of Article 77 of Law No. 6502 that lists procedures set for the use of the authority for blocking access granted to the Advertising Council, due to contradiction with the necessity and proportionality principles. The repealed provisions granted the Advertisement Board the authority to block access to specific parts, sections, or publications on the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "质疑第 6502 号法律第 77 条关于广告委员会阻止权力合宪性的案件", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 13 日，土耳其宪法法院就 E:2022/70 和 K:2023/152 案作出裁决，废除了第 6502 号法律第 77 条第 12 款，该款列出了使用阻止授予广告委员会的访问权限的程序，因为与必要性和相称性原则相矛盾。被废除的条款授予广告委员会阻止访问特定部分、部分或出版物的权力......" }, { "date": "8 October 2024", "title": "Access ban on Instagram for alleged non-compliance with social media law", "url": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/turkey-lifts-access-ban-on-instagram-which-promised-to-meet-our-demands-regarding-catalog-crimes-says-minister-news-64793", "description": "On 10 August 2024, Turkey's Transport and Infrastructure Minister announced that the access ban imposed on Instagram on 2 August was lifted. The decision followed the commitment of Meta to meet the government’s demands regarding catalog crimes and censorship.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Instagram 因涉嫌违反社交媒体法而被禁止访问", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 10 日，土耳其交通和基础设施部长宣布解除 8 月 2 日对 Instagram 实施的访问禁令。这一决定是在 Meta 承诺满足政府有关犯罪目录和审查制度的要求之后做出的。" }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "KVKK investigation into data controllers for alleged non-compliance with registration requirements under Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7980/KAMUOYU-DUYURUSU-Veri-Sorumlulari-Sicili-01082024?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGUwny3U7-ybGyZgZAnKd7p32FVf4RaXQOGAgk7s3a_euqSDRzDXhPSFNAox4XPN6fKiO57Jo9E6Cpc2QTKTy1J-yKjOYheRhQYFx94QPzClvLW", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Turkish Data Protection Authority (KVKK) issued a ruling with a fine of around TL 503 million against 16’350 data controllers for non-compliance with registration requirements under the Personal Data Protection Law of Turkey. The ruling notes that real and legal persons involved in processing data must register with and notify the Data Controllers Registry before processing data as mandated by Article 16 of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data. The ruling also stat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 调查数据控制者涉嫌不遵守个人数据保护法的注册要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 1 日，土耳其数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布裁决，对 16,350 名数据控制者处以约 5.03 亿土耳其里拉的罚款，原因是其不遵守土耳其个人数据保护法的注册要求。该裁决指出，根据《个人数据保护法》第 16 条的规定，参与数据处理的自然人和法人在处理数据之前必须向数据控制者登记处注册并通知数据控制者登记处。该裁决还规定..." }, { "date": "8 May 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Board's guidelines on conditions for processing data under Turkish and EU law", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7823/Kanunlarda-Ongorulme-Kisisel-Veri-Isleme-Sartina-Iliskin-Bilgi-Notu", "description": "On 5 August 2024, the Personal Data Protection Board (KVKK) adopted guidelines on conditions for processing data under Turkish and European Union law. The guidelines focus on how the protection, processing, and storing of personal data is regulated under the two jurisdictions. Processing of personal data builds on a constitutional basis in Turkey, according to which the right to privacy and protection of personal data is safeguarded by Article 20. Processing of personal data is only allowed b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会关于土耳其和欧盟法律下数据处理条件的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 5 日，个人数据保护委员会 (KVKK) 通过了关于根据土耳其和欧盟法律处理数据的条件的准则。该指南重点关注两个司法管辖区如何监管个人数据的保护、处理和存储。土耳其的个人数据处理建立在宪法基础之上，根据该宪法，隐私权和个人数据保护受到第 20 条的保障。只有在以下情况下才允许处理个人数据：" }, { "date": "26 August 2024", "title": "Public Announcement on Personal Data Processing Activities by Research Companies Random Dial Interview Method for Statistical Research", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/7989/-Arastirma-Sirketlerinin-Istatistiksel-Arastirma-Yapmak-Amaciyla-Rastgele-Numara-Cevirme-ile-Telefon-Mulakati-Yontemi-Kullanarak-Gerceklestirdikleri-Kisisel-Veri-Isleme-Faaliyetleri-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published a Public Announcement on Personal Data Processing Activities by Research Companies Random Dial Interview Method for Statistical Research. In the Announcement, in response to a number of complaints by individuals about being called by research companies despite not sharing their phone numbers, the KVKK clarifies the scope of an exception to the Personal Data Protection Law's requirements in the case of anonymise...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于研究公司个人数据处理活动的公告统计研究随机电话访谈法", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 26 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布了关于研究公司统计研究随机拨号访谈法的个人数据处理活动的公告。在公告中，针对多起个人投诉不公开电话号码仍被研究公司致电的投诉，KVKK 明确了匿名情况下《个人数据保护法》要求的例外范围……" }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "Investigation into Discord's actions concerning alleged offences on the platform related to child sexual abuse and obscenity", "url": "https://internet.btk.gov.tr/sitesorgu/", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority of Turkey (BTK) blocked access to Discord, a platform offering text, audio, and video communication. The access was blocked due to concerns over offences related to child sexual abuse and obscenity potentially being committed on the platform. It was also highlighted that Discord had refused to share user information, including Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, with Turkish enforcement authorities, leading to the acce...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "调查 Discord 涉嫌平台上涉及儿童性虐待和淫秽的犯罪行为", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 9 日，土耳其信息和通信技术管理局 (BTK) 阻止了对 Discord（一个提供文本、音频和视频通信的平台）的访问。 由于担心该平台上可能发生与儿童性虐待和淫秽有关的犯罪行为，该访问被封锁。还强调，Discord 拒绝与土耳其执法当局共享用户信息，包括互联网协议 (IP) 地址，导致访问..." }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill regulating the Protection of Children in Digital Environments and Social Media", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/7ed3a746-99b9-4064-8f48-019248624115", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Bill on the Protection of Children in Digital Environments and Social Media (Bill no. 2/2466) was submitted to the Grand National Assembly. The proposal aims to reduce risks children may face online, protect their personal data, and promote digital literacy. The Bill introduces requirements for the protection of children's personal data. Companies are required to obtain consent from a parent or guardian before processing a child's data, and they are prohibited from usin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字环境和社交媒体中儿童保护法案中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 1 日，《数字环境和社交媒体中儿童保护法案》（法案编号 2/2466）提交给大国民议会。该提案旨在减少儿童可能面临的在线风险、保护他们的个人数据并促进数字素养。该法案提出了保护儿童个人数据的要求。公司在处理儿童数据之前必须获得父母或监护人的同意，并且禁止使用..." }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "Lawsuit over constitutionality of content moderation provisions social media law 2020 (2020/76)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2024/01/20240110-3.pdf", "description": "On 10 October 2024, the ruling numbered 2020/76, issued by the Constitutional Court of Turkey on 11 October 2023, was implemented. The lawsuit concerned Article 8(4) and (11) and Article 9 of the Law on the Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Suppression of Crimes Committed by Means of such Publications (No. 5651). The Constitutional Court annulled articles of the Internet Law on the grounds that they violated constitutional rights. Article 8(4), which allowed the Information and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于《2020 年社交媒体法》内容审核条款是否合宪的诉讼 (2020/76)", "description_zh": "2024年10月10日，土耳其宪法法院于2023年10月11日发布的第2020/76号裁决开始实施。该诉讼涉及《互联网出版物管理和制止利用互联网出版物犯罪法》（第5651号）第八条第（四）款和第（十一）款以及第九条。宪法法院以侵犯宪法权利为由废除了《互联网法》的条款。第 8(4) 条允许信息和……" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "KVKK standard contract notification module for cross-border data transfer", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8043/Standart-Sozlesme-Bildirim-Modulu-Hakkinda-Kamuoyu-Duyurusu", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkey (KVKK) adopted the standard contract notification module for cross-border data transfer. The module applies to data controllers and processors involved in the transfer of personal data abroad. It was highlighted that Article 9 of the Law on the Protection of Personal Data has been amended to allow standard contracts for the secure transfer of personal data abroad. The module mandates that standard contracts for such transfer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "用于跨境数据传输的KVKK标准合同通知模块", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 17 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 采用了跨境数据传输的标准合同通知模块。该模块适用于涉及个人数据境外传输的数据控制者和处理者。值得强调的是，《个人数据保护法》第九条已被修改，以允许将个人数据安全传输到国外的标准合同。该模块要求此类转让的标准合同......" }, { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "KVKK investigation into Social Media Platform X over alleged misuse of personal data", "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/kvkkden-sosyal-medya-platformu-xe-1-milyon-470-bin-lira-idari-para-cezasi/3393564", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) issued a ruling against the social media platform X (formerly Twitter) under the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698, imposing an administrative fine of TRY 1.47 million. The ruling followed an investigation into the platform’s use of email addresses and phone numbers collected for security purposes in its advertising systems. KVKK determined that this practice violated data protection principles, including the law...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 对社交媒体平台 X 涉嫌滥用个人数据进行调查", "description_zh": "2024年11月14日，个人数据保护局（KVKK）根据第6698号个人数据保护法对社交媒体平台X（原Twitter）作出裁决，处以147万土耳其里拉的行政罚款。该裁决是在对该平台在其广告系统中出于安全目的而收集的电子邮件地址和电话号码的使用情况进行调查之后做出的。 KVKK 确定这种做法违反了数据保护原则，包括法律……" }, { "date": "1 February 2025", "title": "KVKK guide to transferring personal data abroad", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/13711235-abb6-4b17-9a6b-0a68c1ad86c5.pdf", "description": "On 2 January 2025, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) adopted the guide to transferring personal data abroad. The guide aims to support the implementation of personal data transfers under Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data and outlines the procedures for transferring personal data abroad. It provides clarity on the roles of data controllers and processors and specifies that the data exporter must be subject to the Personal Data Protection Law. It clarifies that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 个人数据境外传输指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 2 日，土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 通过了个人数据境外传输指南。该指南旨在支持根据第 6698 号个人数据保护法实施个人数据传输，并概述了向国外传输个人数据的程序。它明确了数据控制者和处理者的角色，并规定数据导出者必须遵守《个人数据保护法》。它澄清了..." }, { "date": "21 January 2025", "title": "Information Technologies and Communication Authority regulation on ensuring national cyber security and increasing cyber deterrence", "url": "https://www.btk.gov.tr/duyurular/ulusal-siber-guvenligin-saglanmasina-ve-siber-caydiriciligin-artirilmasina-yonelik-yonetmelik-taslagi-kamuoyu-gorusune-acilmistir", "description": "On 21 January 2025, the Information Technologies and Communication Authority (BTK) closes its public consultation on the draft regulation titled Ensuring National Cybersecurity and Enhancing Cyber Deterrence. The draft outlines a framework for safeguarding critical infrastructure, mitigating cyber threats, and enhancing national cyber resilience. The draft regulation's provisions include the roles and responsibilities of the National Cyber Incident Response Center (USOM), Sectoral and Institu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息技术和通信管理局关于确保国家网络安全和增强网络威慑的监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 21 日，信息技术和通信管理局 (BTK) 结束了题为《确保国家网络安全和增强网络威慑》的法规草案的公众咨询。该草案概述了保护关键基础设施、减轻网络威胁和增强国家网络弹性的框架。该法规草案的规定包括国家网络事件响应中心（USOM）、部门和机构的作用和职责..." }, { "date": "3 March 2025", "title": "Information Technologies and Communication Authority inquiry into sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technologies", "url": "https://www.btk.gov.tr/duyurular/altinci-nesil-6g-mobil-haberlesme-teknolojileri-raporu", "description": "On 3 March 2025, the Information and Communication Technologies Authority of Turkey published a report on Sixth Generation (6G) Mobile Communication Technologies. The report outlines global trends and ongoing research in 6G, emphasising the driving forces, needs, and goals behind its development. It highlights the contributions expected from 6G technologies, use cases, and technological innovations, particularly the roles of AI, machine learning, and advanced antenna systems. It underscores T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息技术和通信管理局对第六代（6G）移动通信技术进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 3 日，土耳其信息和通信技术管理局发布了关于第六代 (6G) 移动通信技术的报告。该报告概述了 6G 的全球趋势和正在进行的研究，强调了其发展背后的驱动力、需求和目标。它强调了 6G 技术、用例和技术创新的预期贡献，特别是人工智能、机器学习和先进天线系统的作用。它强调了 T..." }, { "date": "4 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation in Information and Communication Technologies Authority Regulation on social network providers", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/04/20230401-13.pdf", "description": "On 1 April 2023, the Information Technologies and Communication Authority (BTK)'s decision titled \"Procedures and Principles about Social Network Providers,\" entered into force. This decision, issued under Additional Article 4 of Law No. 5651 on the Regulation of Broadcasts via the Internet and the Prevention of Crimes Committed through Such Broadcasts (Internet Law), replaces BTK’s 2 October 2020 decision that initially set out obligations for social network providers. The updated regulation...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息和通信技术管理局对社交网络提供商的内容审核", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 1 日，信息技术和通信管理局 (BTK) 题为“社交网络提供商的程序和原则”的决定生效。该决定根据关于互联网广播监管和预防通过此类广播实施犯罪的第 5651 号法律（《互联网法》）附加条款 4 发布，取代了 BTK 2020 年 10 月 2 日的决定，该决定最初规定了社交网络提供商的义务。更新后的规定..." }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Security obligations in Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250319-1.htm", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545) entered into force. The Law’s obligations apply to public institutions, professional organisations, private entities and individuals operating in cyberspace, with exceptions for intelligence activities in accordance with national security laws. The Law defines the basic principles, responsibilities and measures for cybersecurity, including the protection of critical infrastructure, data security and the role of cybersecurity response team...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全法（第7545号法）中的安全义务", "description_zh": "2025年3月19日，《网络安全法》（第7545号法）生效。该法的义务适用于在网络空间运营的公共机构、专业组织、私人实体和个人，但根据国家安全法进行的情报活动除外。该法明确了网络安全的基本原则、责任和措施，包括关键基础设施保护、数据安全以及网络安全响应小组的作用……" }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Approval requirement for mergers of cybersecurity firms in Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/03/20250319-1.htm", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Cybersecurity Law (Law No. 7545) entered into force. The scope of this Law encompasses public institutions, professional organisations, private entities, and individuals operating within the cyberspace domain, with exceptions for intelligence activities under national security laws. The Law provides definitions, basic principles and responsibilities for cybersecurity, including the protection of critical infrastructure, data security and the role of cybersecurity respons...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《网络安全法》（第 7545 号法）中网络安全公司合并的审批要求", "description_zh": "2025年3月19日，《网络安全法》（第7545号法）生效。该法的范围包括在网络空间领域运营的公共机构、专业组织、私人实体和个人，但国家安全法规定的情报活动除外。该法规定了网络安全的定义、基本原则和责任，包括关键基础设施的保护、数据安全以及网络安全响应的作用……" }, { "date": "5 August 2025", "title": "Law on Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed Through Such Publications (No. 2/3102)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/cac7e158-ab0e-4e3d-b867-0196b03fd6d3", "description": "On 8 May 2025, a legislative proposal to repeal Law No. 5651 on the Regulation of Publications on the Internet and Combating Crimes Committed Through Such Publications was submitted to the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye by Member of Parliament Mustafa Bilici. The proposal argues that Law No. 5651, which entered into force on 4 May 2007, has enabled administrative interventions such as content removal, access blocking, and bandwidth throttling without judicial authorisation. It states that...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《互联网出版物监管和打击通过此类出版物实施的犯罪法》（第 2/3102 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 8 日，议会议员 Mustafa Bilici 向土耳其大国民议会提交了一项立法提案，旨在废除关于互联网出版物监管和打击通过此类出版物实施的犯罪的第 5651 号法律。该提案认为，2007 年 5 月 4 日生效的第 5651 号法律允许在未经司法授权的情况下进行内容删除、访问阻止和带宽限制等行政干预。它指出..." }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Competition Board investigation into Spotify over alleged violation of Act on Protection of Competition", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/en/Guncel/examination-initiated-on-spotify-operati-0b3779d0e358f01193e80050568585c9", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the Competition Board opened a full investigation into Spotify over violations of Law No. 4054 on Protection of Competition in the online music streaming market. The Board will examine whether Spotify discriminates among rights holders in playlist placement, ranking, visibility, or recommendation algorithms, and whether it hinders rights holders earning royalties through predatory subscription pricing. The investigation, launched under Article 41 of the Law, does not imply ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "竞争委员会对 Spotify 涉嫌违反《竞争保护法》进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 28 日，竞争委员会就 Spotify 违反在线音乐流媒体市场竞争保护第 4054 号法律的行为展开全面调查。董事会将审查 Spotify 是否在播放列表放置、排名、可见性或推荐算法方面歧视权利持有者，以及是否阻碍权利持有者通过掠夺性订阅定价赚取版税。根据该法第 41 条发起的调查并不意味着......" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Bill amending Penal Code clarifying scope of crime of obscenity", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/cfa6ec72-75c1-4bff-84a6-019a0c59dc4c", "description": "On 22 October 2025, the Bill amending the Penal Code, clarifying the scope of the crime of obscenity, was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The Bill amends Article 226 of the Turkish Penal Code to define the scope of obscenity and regulate the protection of children from pornographic content. It makes it an offence to provide, show, read, or otherwise make pornographic materials accessible to children, and to offer such materials for sale, rent, or distribution, including through adv...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "刑法修正案草案明确淫秽罪的范围", "description_zh": "2025年10月22日，修订《刑法》的法案被提交至大国民议会，该法案明确了淫秽罪的范围。该法案修订了《土耳其刑法》第 226 条，以界定淫秽内容的范围，并规范保护儿童免受色情内容侵害。它规定，向儿童提供、展示、阅读或以其他方式提供色情材料，以及出售、出租或分发此类材料，包括通过广告……" }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Bill establishing an AI legal framework through modifications to existing laws (Bill no. 2/3358)", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y4/T2/WebOnergeMetni/5b8d2dc6-9dee-41e8-98c6-ee5b28ca9608.pdf", "description": "On 7 November 2025, the Bill establishing an AI legal framework in Türkiye was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The proposed legislation clarifies responsibilities for both users and developers of AI. The Bill requires that AI data sets be anonymous and non-discriminatory, treating biased data as a security violation (modifying Law No. 6698). It also imposes obligations on service providers to use transparent data and conduct regular cybersecurity tests (modifying Law No. 7545) for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过修改现有法律建立人工智能法律框架的法案中的网络安全监管（法案编号 2/3358）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 7 日，在土耳其建立人工智能法律框架的法案被提交给大国民议会。拟议的立法明确了人工智能用户和开发者的责任。该法案要求人工智能数据集是匿名和非歧视性的，将有偏见的数据视为违反安全规定（修改第 6698 号法律）。它还规定服务提供商有义务使用透明数据并定期进行网络安全测试（修改第 7545 号法律）..." }, { "title": "Presidential Decree No. 10767 re-determining digital services tax rate", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/12/20251225-21.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2027, Presidential Decree No. 10767 setting the digital services tax rate at 2.5% for revenue earned from the start of the year enters into force. The Decree, published in the Official Gazette on 25 December 2025, followed the adjustment rules in Article 5 of Law No. 7194, which originally fixed the rate at 7.5% and allowed the President to change it between 1% and 15%. Previously, the rate had been reduced to 5% from 1 January 2026. The Minister of Treasury and Finance is respon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统令第 10767 号重新确定数字服务税率", "description_zh": "2027 年 1 月 1 日，第 10767 号总统令生效，规定从年初起对收入征收数字服务税率为 2.5%。该法令于2025年12月25日在官方公报上发布，遵循了第7194号法律第5条的调整规则，该规则最初将税率固定为7.5%，并允许总统在1%至15%之间进行调整。此前，该利率已从 2026 年 1 月 1 日起降至 5%。财政部长回应..." }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Presidential Decree amending Decree on the Cyber Security Directorate to establish public artificial intelligence functions", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/12/20251225-13.pdf", "description": "On 25 December 2025, Presidential Decree No. 192 on Amending the Presidential Decree on the Cyber Security Directorate entered into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette No. 33118. The Decree amends Presidential Decree No. 177 on the Cyber Security Directorate by expanding its mandate to include public-sector artificial intelligence and digital government functions. It establishes the General Directorate of Public Artificial Intelligence within the Cyber Security Directorate and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统令修改网络安全局法令以建立公共人工智能职能", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 25 日，关于修订关于网络安全局的总统令的第 192 号总统令在第 33118 号官方公报上发布后生效。该法令修订了关于网络安全局的第 177 号总统令，扩大了其职权范围，将公共部门人工智能和数字政府职能纳入其中。它在网络安全局内设立了公共人工智能总局，并......" }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "Amendment to data protection authority (VERBIS) registration exemption under Personal Data Protection Board Decision No. 2025/1572", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8577/kisisel-verileri-koruma-kurulunun-04-09-2025-tarihli-ve-2025-1572-sayili-kararinin-uygulama-esaslarina-iliskin-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the Personal Data Protection Board adopted Decision No. 2025/1572 amending Decision No. 2018/87 on exemption from the obligation to register with the Data Controllers Registry Information System (VERBİS). The Decision updated the wording of the exemption criteria concerning data controllers’ annual number of employees, total annual financial balance, and main activity involving the processing of special categories of personal data. The amendment was adopted pursuant to Ar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据个人数据保护委员会第 2025/1572 号决定对数据保护机构 (VERBIS) 注册豁免的修订", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 4 日，个人数据保护委员会通过了第 2025/1572 号决定，修订了关于免除在数据控制者注册信息系统 (VERB?S) 注册义务的第 2018/87 号决定。 《决定》更新了数据控制者年度员工人数、年度财务余额总额、涉及特殊类别个人数据处理的主要活动等豁免标准的措辞。该修正案是根据Ar..." }, { "title": "Guidelines on implementation principles of Personal Data Protection Board Decision No. 2025/1572 amending data protection authority (VERBIS) registration exemption", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8577/kisisel-verileri-koruma-kurulunun-04-09-2025-tarihli-ve-2025-1572-sayili-kararinin-uygulama-esaslarina-iliskin-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "On 12 January 2026, the Personal Data Protection Authority published the Public Announcement Regarding the Implementation Principles of the Personal Data Protection Board's Decision No. 2025/1572 dated 4 September 2025. The announcement set out the legal basis under Article 16(2) of Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data, described the exemption framework for registration with the Data Controllers Registry Information System (VERBIS), and communicated the interpretative approach adop...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会决定第 2025/1572 号修订数据保护机构 (VERBIS) 注册豁免的实施原则指南", "description_zh": "2026年1月12日，个人数据保护局发布了关于个人数据保护委员会2025年9月4日第2025/1572号决定的实施原则的公告。该公告列出了关于个人数据保护的第6698号法第16（2）条的法律依据，描述了在数据控制者注册信息系统（VERBIS）中注册的豁免框架，并传达了解释方法采用..." }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Public announcement on push notifications sent via mobile applications", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8578/mobil-uygulamalar-uzerinden-gonderilen-anlik-bildirimlere-iliskin-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "On 14 January 2026, Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published a public announcement on push notifications sent via mobile applications, following complaints submitted to KVKK. The announcement concerns the of push notifications with data protection obligations, including in the context of the framework of Law No. 6698 on the Protection of Personal Data. The KVKK identified practices where explicit consent for push notifications was obtained as a single consent covering multiple purp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于通过移动应用程序发送推送通知的公告", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 在向 KVKK 提交投诉后发布了关于通过移动应用程序发送推送通知的公告。该公告涉及具有数据保护义务的推送通知，包括在有关个人数据保护的第 6698 号法律框架的背景下。 KVKK 确定了将推送通知明确同意作为涵盖多个目的的单一同意的做法..." }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Restrictions on minors' access to social media in Bill on Amendments to the Social Services Law and Certain Other Laws", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/5f9ced52-3776-46e4-be23-019cb8da2666", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Bill on Amendments to the Social Services Law and Certain Other Laws, including restrictions on minors’ access to social media, was introduced to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Social network providers would be prohibited from providing services to children under the age of 15 and would be required to implement age verification measures to enforce this prohibition. Children aged fifteen and above would be entitled to a separate, differentiated service with protect...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《社会服务法及其他若干法律修正案》法案对未成年人使用社交媒体的限制", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 4 日，《社会服务法和某些其他法律修正案》（包括限制未成年人使用社交媒体）提交给土耳其大国民议会。社交网络提供商将被禁止向 15 岁以下儿童提供服务，并被要求实施年龄验证措施以执行这一禁令。十五岁及以上的儿童将有权获得单独的、有区别的服务并受到保护......" }, { "title": "Content remuneration regulation in Bill on Digital Copyright and Online News Content", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y4/T2/WebOnergeMetni/b7006396-020f-42b1-8739-c472cec6019d.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Bill on Digital Copyright and Online News Content was introduced to the Grand National Assembly. The Bill defines an in-scope large digital platform as a digital platform with Turkey-sourced annual gross digital service revenue exceeding TRY 100 million or a monthly average active user number in Turkey exceeding 1 million, assessed across platforms within the same economic unity, and updated at the start of each calendar year using the revaluation rate. The Bill sets ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《数字版权和在线新闻内容法案》中的内容报酬规定", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 10 日，《数字版权和在线新闻内容法案》被提交至大国民议会。该法案将范围内的大型数字平台定义为源自土耳其的年度总数字服务收入超过 1 亿土耳其里拉或土耳其月平均活跃用户数量超过 100 万的数字平台，在同一经济体内跨平台进行评估，并在每个日历年年初使用重估汇率进行更新。该法案规定..." }, { "title": "Guidance on agentic AI", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5YWE4ZDE0NWYwMWI.pdf", "description": "On 12 March 2026, the Personal Data Protection Authority published a report on agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI), outlining the characteristics, potential uses, and risks of agentic AI systems and their implications for personal data protection. The report explains that agentic AI systems consist of AI agents capable of autonomously pursuing goals, coordinating multi-step tasks, and adapting to changing conditions, which distinguishes them from conventional AI systems that mainly respond t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "代理人工智能指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 12 日，个人数据保护局发布了一份关于代理人工智能 (AI) 的报告，概述了代理人工智能系统的特征、潜在用途和风险及其对个人数据保护的影响。该报告解释说，代理人工智能系统由能够自主追求目标、协调多步骤任务并适应不断变化的条件的人工智能代理组成，这与主要响应目标的传统人工智能系统不同。" }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Decision on preparation of explicit consent and disclosure texts (No. 2026/347)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2026/03/20260324-3.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2026, Decision No. 2026/347 of the Turkish Personal Data Protection Board on the separate preparation of explicit consent and disclosure texts enters into force upon its publication in the Official Gazette No. 33203. The Decision requires data controllers to fulfil disclosure obligations prior to any data processing activity, independently of whether processing is based on consent or another legal ground. Where processing is based on explicit consent, the Decision requires disclos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于准备明确同意和披露文本的决定（第2026/347号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 24 日，土耳其个人数据保护委员会关于单独准备明确同意和披露文本的第 2026/347 号决定自在第 33203 号官方公报上发布后生效。该决定要求数据控制者在任何数据处理活动之前履行披露义务，无论处理是基于同意还是其他法律依据。如果处理是基于明确同意，则该决定要求披露..." }, { "title": "Explanatory Note on Chatbots (ChatGPT Example) (Sohbet Robotları (ChatGPT Örneği) Hakkında Bilgi Notu)", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8047/Sohbet-Robotlari-ChatGPT-Ornegi-Hakkinda-Bilgi-Notu", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The Personal Data Protection Authority of Turkey (KVKK) published an explanatory note on chatbots, using ChatGPT as an example, that outlines how AI-driven conversational agents interact with personal data and provides guidance for developers, service providers and users on compliance with Turkish data protection law (Law No. 6698). The note emphasizes transparency, data minimization, security, and accountability while warning users about sharing sensitive personal information with chatbots....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于聊天机器人的解释性说明（ChatGPT 示例） (Sohbet Robotları (ChatGPT Örneği) Hakkında Bilgi Notu)", "description_zh": "土耳其的人工智能法：土耳其个人数据保护局（KVKK）发布了一份关于聊天机器人的解释性说明，以 ChatGPT 为例，概述了人工智能驱动的对话代理如何与个人数据交互，并为开发者、服务提供商和用户提供了遵守土耳其数据保护法（第 6698 号法律）的指导。该说明强调透明度、数据最小化、安全性和问责制，同时警告用户不要与聊天机器人共享敏感的个人信息......" }, { "title": "Recommendations Guide on the Protection of Personal Data in the Field of Artificial Intelligence (Yapay Zeka Alanında Kişisel Verilerin Korunmasına Yönelik Tavsiyeler Rehberi)", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr", "description": "AI law in Turkey: Published by the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK), this non-binding recommendations guide (September 2021) provides practical guidance for developers, manufacturers, service providers and decision‑makers to ensure personal data protection in AI projects under Law No. 6698. It emphasizes privacy-by-design, risk assessments (including DPIAs), transparency, human oversight and security measures, and aligns Turkey’s approach with international standards such as OECD and Council of Europe guidance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能领域个人数据保护建议指南 (Yapay Zeka Alanında Kişisel Verilerin Korunmasına Yönelik Tavsiyeler Rehberi)", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：这份不具约束力的建议指南（2021 年 9 月）由土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布，为开发商、制造商、服务提供商和决策者提供实用指南，以确保第 6698 号法律规定的人工智能项目中的个人数据受到保护。它强调设计隐私、风险评估（包括 DPIA）、透明度、人工监督和安全措施，并使土耳其的方法与经合组织和欧洲委员会等国际标准保持一致指导...." }, { "title": "Ethics Guide for Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in Scientific Research and Publication in Higher Education Institutions", "url": "https://www.yok.gov.tr/Documents/2024/yapay-zeka-kullanimina-dair-etik-rehber.pdf", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The Council of Higher Education (YÖK) published the "Ethics Guide of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use in the Scientific Research and Publication Process of Higher Education Institutions" to advise Turkish universities on ethical principles, risks and practical recommendations for using generative AI (GAI) in research and publication. The guide emphasizes transparency, accountability, privacy, and scientific integrity while encouraging institutions to implement local procedures consistent with the national guidance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高等教育机构科学研究和出版中生成人工智能的使用道德指南", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：高等教育委员会（YÖK）发布了《高等教育机构科学研究和出版过程中生成人工智能使用的道德指南》就在研究和出版中使用生成人工智能（GAI）的道德原则、风险和实用建议向土耳其大学提供建议。该指南强调透明度、问责制、隐私和科学诚信，同时鼓励机构实施符合国家指导的地方程序……" }, { "title": "Policy Document and Action Plan on Artificial Intelligence in Education (Eğitimde Yapay Zekâ Politika Belgesi ve Eylem Planı 2025-2029)", "url": "https://meb.gov.tr/egitimde-yapay-zek-politika-belgesi-ve-eylem-plani-yururluge-girdi/haber/37531/tr", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The Ministry of National Education of Turkey published the "Policy Document and Action Plan on Artificial Intelligence in Education (2025–2029)" to guide ethical, effective, and inclusive AI adoption across the education system. The plan sets four strategic goals, 15 policy lines and 40 concrete actions covering curriculum, teacher training, infrastructure, data governance and monitoring, with implementation and oversight lead assigned to the General Directorate of Innovation and Educational Technologies (YEĞİTEK)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "教育人工智能政策文件和行动计划 (Eğitimde Yapay Zekâ Politika Belgesi ve Eylem Planı 2025-2029)", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：土耳其国家教育部发布《教育人工智能政策文件和行动计划（2025-2029年）》指导整个教育系统中道德、有效和包容的人工智能采用。该计划制定了四项战略目标、15条政策方针和40项具体行动，涵盖课程、教师培训、基础设施、数据治理和监测，并由创新和教育技术总局（YEĞıTEK）负责实施和监督......" }, { "title": "Yapay Zeka ve Eğitim: Öğretmenler İçin Uygulamalı Prompt Mühendisliği ve Üretken Araçlarla Yenilikçi Öğrenme Stratejileri (Teacher Guide)", "url": "https://www.meb.gov.tr/ogretmenler-icin-yapay-zeka-destekli-egitim-rehberi-hazirlandi/haber/37690/tr", "description": "AI law in Turkey: A Ministry of National Education (MEB) teacher-facing guidance published in July 2025 introducing practical prompt-engineering and generative AI tools for classroom use. The guide provides pedagogical examples, ethical principles, data protection pointers, and implementation recommendations to enable safe, equitable and transparent integration of generative AI into teaching and learning....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yapay Zeka ve Eğitim: Öğretmenler Áçin Uygulamalı Prompt Mühendisliği ve Üretken Araçlarla Yenilikçi Öğrenme Stratejileri（教师指南）", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：国家教育部 (MEB) 于 2025 年 7 月发布的面向教师的指南，介绍了供课堂使用的实用即时工程和生成式人工智能工具。该指南提供了教学示例、道德原则、数据保护指南和实施建议，以实现生成式人工智能安全、公平和透明地融入教学和学习......" }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024-2025 Action Plan (Ulusal Yapay Zeka Stratejisi)", "url": "https://cbddo.gov.tr/duyurular/6846/ulusal-yapay-zeka-stratejisi-2024-2025-eylem-plani-yayimlandi", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024-2025 Action Plan is a government strategy update assigning 71 priority actions to accelerate Turkey’s AI ecosystem, strengthen infrastructure, increase skilled workforce, develop Turkish-language large models, and coordinate cross‑ministerial implementation. The plan is an update to the 2021–2025 National AI Strategy and is coordinated by the Presidency Digital Transformation Office together with the Ministry of Industry and Technology and responsible ministries and agencies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略2024-2025行动计划（Ulusal Yapay Zeka Stratejisi）", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：《2024-2025 年国家人工智能战略行动计划》是一项政府战略更新，指定了 71 项优先行动，以加速土耳其的人工智能生态系统、加强基础设施、增加熟练劳动力、开发土耳其语大型模型以及协调跨部委实施。该计划是《2021-2025 年国家人工智能战略》的更新，由总统数字化转型办公室与工业和技术部以及相关部委和机构协调。" }, { "title": "Deepfake Information Note ("Deepfake Bilgi Notu") — Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK)", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/015794c4-061b-4560-a0b2-e372ee536642.pdf", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority (KVKK) published the "Deepfake Bilgi Notu" on 19 January 2024 to explain deepfake technologies, highlight threats to personal data and fundamental rights, and provide practical detection and mitigation guidance for individuals and organizations. The note situates deepfakes within Turkey’s data protection framework (Law No. 6698) and encourages risk-based safeguards, transparency and cooperation with supervisory authorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Deepfake 信息说明 (“Deepfake Bilgi Notu”) — 个人数据保护局 (KVKK)", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：土耳其个人数据保护局（KVKK）发布了“Deepfake Bilgi Notu” 2024 年 1 月 19 日，解释 Deepfake 技术，强调对个人数据和基本权利的威胁，并为个人和组织提供实用的检测和缓解指导。该说明将深度造假纳入土耳其的数据保护框架（第 6698 号法律），并鼓励基于风险的保障措施、透明度以及与监管机构的合作......" }, { "title": "Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) Decision Establishing an AI Research Commission (Yapay Zeka Araştırma Komisyonu Kurulması Kararı)", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr", "description": "AI law in Turkey: The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) adopted Decision No. 1426 on 02 October 2024 to establish a parliamentary Meclis Research Commission on Artificial Intelligence (Yapay Zeka Araştırma Komisyonu) to assess AI opportunities, propose a legal framework, and identify measures to prevent risks associated with AI use. The decision was published in the Resmî Gazete (Issue 32683) on 05 October 2024 and mandates a 22-member commission with an initial three‑month mandate (extendable)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其大国民议会 (TBMM) 决定设立人工智能研究委员会 (Yapay Zeka Araştırma Komisyonu Kurulması Kararı)", "description_zh": "土耳其人工智能法：土耳其大国民议会 (TBMM) 于 2024 年 10 月 2 日通过第 1426 号决定，设立议会 Meclis 人工智能研究委员会 (Yapay Zeka Araştırma Komisyonu)，以评估人工智能机会、提出法律框架并确定预防与人工智能使用相关风险的措施。该决定于 2024 年 10 月 5 日在 Resmî 公报（第 32683 期）上发布，并授权成立一个由 22 名成员组成的委员会，最初的任期为三个月（可延长）。" }, { "date": "2024-07-24", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2024-2025 Action Plan (Turkey)", "url": "https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/UlusalYapayZekaStratejisi2024-2025EylemPlani.pdf", "description": "Implements mechanisms to attract AI talent, including increased support for AI research and education. Develops national occupational AI standards and vocational training and expands AI data infrastructures, international cooperation, and regulatory frameworks to enhance the AI workforce.", "categories": [ "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略2024-2025行动计划（土耳其）", "description_zh": "实施吸引人工智能人才的机制，包括加大对人工智能研究和教育的支持。制定国家职业人工智能标准和职业培训，扩大人工智能数据基础设施、国际合作和监管框架，以增强人工智能劳动力。" }, { "date": "2024-06-24", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Law Proposal (Grand National Assembly of Turkey)", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y2/T2/WebOnergeMetni/e50ccc8a-ab90-45fa-a553-76b880c78fb8.pdf", "description": "Establishes a regulatory framework ensuring safe, ethical, and fair AI use. Requires risk assessment, registration of high-risk systems, and adherence to principles of safety, transparency, fairness, accountability, and privacy. Imposes fines for non-compliance and assigns supervisory authority enforcement powers.", "categories": [ "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法提案（土耳其大国民议会）", "description_zh": "建立监管框架，确保人工智能的安全、道德和公平使用。需要风险评估、高风险系统注册，并遵守安全、透明、公平、问责和隐私的原则。对违规行为处以罚款，并赋予监管机构执法权力。" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "Personal Data Protection Authority publishes report on agentic AI", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5YWE4ZDE0NWYwMWI.pdf", "description": "Primary source (kvkk.gov.tr) dated 12 March 2026 in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护局发布代理人工智能报告", "description_zh": "个人数据保护局发布了一份关于代理人工智能的报告，详细介绍了这些系统的特征、潜在应用和风险。该报告确定了在研究、客户支持、财务、医疗保健和事件管理方面的潜在应用，同时还强调了与透明度、问责制、偏见、安全漏洞和输出准确性相关的风险。它强调代理人工智能的自主性通过扩大数据使用、实现基于推理的分析以及挑战监督和法律责任，使个人数据处理变得复杂。为了应对这些风险，报告提倡采用基于风险、以人为本的方法，包括有意义的人类监督、透明度、设计隐私、明确的角色分配以及使用数据保护影响评估等风险评估工具。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority source on Google Assistant data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8613/google-assistant-hakkinda-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "Official source record dated 11 February 2026 for Turkey concerning KVKK investigates Google regarding alleged unauthorised personal data processing by Google Assistant. See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 就 Google Assistant 涉嫌未经授权处理个人数据一事对 Google 进行调查", "description_zh": "土耳其数据保护局 (KVKK) 宣布对谷歌启动当然调查，涉及通过其语音助手服务 Google Assistant 处理个人数据的情况。调查之前有报道称，由于错误的触发短语激活，语音助手在未经用户许可的情况下录制了私人对话。 KVKK 旨在确定 Google 是否未能实施第 6698 号个人数据保护法所要求的必要技术和行政措施。具体来说，调查将审查有关收集的语音数据在没有有效法律依据的情况下用于定向广告和其他未经授权的目的的指控。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority source on Grok-related data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8614/grok-yapay-zeka-asistani-hakkinda-kamuoyu-duyurusu", "description": "Official source record dated 11 February 2026 for Turkey concerning KVKK investigates X over suspected violations of Law on Protection of Personal Data concerning the Grok AI Assistant. See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVKK 就 Grok AI Assistant 涉嫌违反个人数据保护法对 X 进行调查", "description_zh": "土耳其个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 已就 Grok AI Assistant 的开发和部署对 X Internet Unlimited Company 和 X.AI Corporation 展开当然调查。此次调查怀疑这些公司未能实施第 6698 号个人数据保护法所要求的技术和行政措施，并且其个人数据处理活动可能不符合该法律的要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Türkiye and Saudi Arabia deepen strategic cooperation with new deals", "url": "https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/turkiye-ile-suudi-arabistan-gorusmeleri-sonrasi-ortak-bildiri-yayimlandi", "description": "Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın Suudi Arabistan temaslarının ardından Türkiye ile Suudi Arabistan arasında ortak bildiri yayımlandı.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Defense & Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其与沙特阿拉伯通过新协议深化战略合作", "description_zh": "在总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安对利雅得进行正式访问后，土耳其和沙特阿拉伯宣布大幅扩大在经济、能源、国防和地区安全等各个领域的战略合作。两国的目标是协调各自的发展愿景——沙特阿拉伯的2030年愿景和土耳其的世纪愿景——以加强非石油贸易、支持重大基础设施项目并培育私营部门伙伴关系。双方承诺通过土耳其-沙特协调委员会加强协调，涵盖数字经济、人工智能、空间技术等领域。此外，两国还表示愿意加强防务关系并合作打击恐怖主义、极端主义、网络威胁和跨国犯罪。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Turkiye Personal Data Protection Authority releases guidance for parents of children using AI tools", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5NjRmZGEyY2I3ZDY.pdf", "description": "Primary source (kvkk.gov.tr) dated 12 January 2026 in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其个人数据保护局发布针对使用人工智能工具的儿童家长的指南", "description_zh": "个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布了针对使用人工智能工具的儿童家长的指南。该指南涉及儿童在教育、游戏、交流和社交活动中使用人工智能技术。该指南指出，这些工具可以促进学习和信息获取，但如果使用不当也可能带来风险，即与侵犯隐私、在线安全威胁、暴露于误导性或虚假内容、深度伪造、视频和音频、滥用个人数据以及潜在的情感和心理影响有关的风险。该指南规定了家长在选择适合年龄的应用程序、审查使用条款和隐私政策、使用内容过滤和家长控制选项、管理照片和视频共享、道德和尊重地使用人工智能工具、屏幕时间平衡、与儿童的开放式沟通以及数字育儿实践等方面的责任，并包括一份实际实施的家长清单。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "11 January 2026", "title": "Türkiye issues ethics framework to regulate AI use in schools", "url": "https://www.dailysabah.com/turkiye/turkiye-issues-ethics-framework-to-regulate-ai-use-in-schools/news/amp", "description": "The Ministry of National Education has issued a comprehensive set of ethical guidelines to regulate the use of artificial intelligence in schools, introducing mandatory online ethical declarations and a centralized reporting system aimed at ensuring transparency, accountability and student safety.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "土耳其发布道德框架来规范人工智能在学校的使用", "description_zh": "据悉，土耳其国民教育部出台了全面的道德准则来规范人工智能在学校的使用，旨在确保透明度、问责制和学生安全。这些指南是2025-2029年人工智能政策文件和行动计划的一部分，要求教育工作者和官员在实施人工智能应用之前提交在线道德声明。已经建立了一个多层次的监督体系，包括国家道德委员会和校内人工智能道德小组，以监督合规情况并解决违规行为。此外，该部计划于 2026 年 2 月 2 日启动人工智能应用道德声明系统 (YAZEK)，以促进道德声明和违规报告的收集和评估。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Türkiye broadens tech governance with new AI directorates", "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2025/12/20251225-12.pdf", "description": "Primary source (resmigazete.gov.tr) dated 25 December 2025 in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其通过新的人工智能理事会扩大技术治理", "description_zh": "根据官方公报发布的第 191 号总统令，土耳其将国家技术总局更名为国家技术和人工智能总局，扩大了人工智能治理范围，该总局将制定政策以增强数据中心和云计算基础设施、制定数据中心标准并监督认证流程。此外，总统网络安全局还设立了公共人工智能总局，以指导政府机构的人工智能使用，使国家立法与国际框架保持一致，并为数字政府和公共部门人工智能应用制定数据治理标准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "South Korea and Turkey agree to boost cooperation, covering AI", "url": "https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/englIsh/haberler/detay/joint-declaration-on-the-strategic-partnership-between-the-republic-of-turkiye-and-the-republic-of-korea", "description": "At the invitation of His Excellency Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of the Republic of Türkiye, His Excellency Mr. Lee Jae Myung, President of the Republic of Korea, paid a State Visit to Türkiye on 24-25 November 2025.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国和土耳其同意加强人工智能领域合作", "description_zh": "李在明总统对土耳其进行国事访问期间，韩国和土耳其同意加强在核能和可再生能源、人工智能、数字技术和基础设施建设等领域的合作。他们发表了一份题为“兄弟情谊的遗产，未来的愿景”的联合声明，强调在这些领域的合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/MTY5MjNmNmIwZWY3YTE.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 24 November 2025 for Turkey concerning KVNKK releases generative AI and personal data protection guide. See the linked kvkk.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KVNKK 发布生成式人工智能和个人数据保护指南", "description_zh": "个人数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布了《生成人工智能和个人数据保护指南》（共 15 个问题）。该指南旨在解释生成式人工智能系统对数据保护的影响，并指导使用生成式人工智能系统的数据控制者如何满足数据保护要求，包括根据关于个人数据保护的第 6698 号法律提出的要求。该指南描述了生成式人工智能系统的结构、其内容生成机制、生命周期阶段、使用领域以及相关的道德、法律和技术风险，并展示了在数据收集、模型训练、微调、部署和用户交互过程中如何处理个人数据。针对这些问题，《指南》就数据收集的法律依据、数据向国外传输、数据主体权利的行使以及针对使用生成人工智能工具的儿童家长的措施等问题向数据控制者提供了建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "Turkey introduces bill to establish content moderation obligations within an AI legal framework", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y4/T2/WebOnergeMetni/5b8d2dc6-9dee-41e8-98c6-ee5b28ca9608.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cdn.tbmm.gov.tr) dated 7 November 2025 in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其提出法案，在人工智能法律框架内确立内容审核义务", "description_zh": "一项在土耳其建立人工智能法律框架的法案已提交至大国民议会。拟议的立法将明确人工智能用户和开发者的责任，通过修改第5651号法律来定义人工智能系统，并通过修改第5237号刑法来规范人工智能犯罪的责任。其他主要特点包括：（1）通过修改第5651号法律，强制在六小时内删除人工智能生成的侵犯人格权、威胁公共安全或使用深度伪造技术的内容； (2) 授予信息技术和通信管理局 (BTK) 对威胁公共秩序或选举安全的人工智能内容进行紧急访问阻止权，处以最高 1000 万土耳其里拉的罚款（修改第 5809 号法律）； （3）修改《网络安全法》（修改第7545号法），要求人工智能服务提供商实施内容验证机制和算法控制，降低幻觉风险，否则可能面临500万土耳其里拉的处罚； (4) 强制要求对人工智能生成的内容进行明确标记（修改第 5651 号法律），对违规行为处以 50 万至 500 万土耳其里拉的罚款，并可能对系统性和故意违规行为进行屏蔽。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Azerbaijan and Türkiye aim to unite forces in AI", "url": "https://report.az/en/amp/ict/azerbaijan-turkiye-aim-to-unite-forces-in-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Azerbaijan and Türkiye plan to join forces in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) with the goal of ranking among the world's top 20 countries, Zafer Kucuksabanoglu, Chairman of Türkiye's Artificial Intelligence Policy Association (AIPA), told journalists, Report informs.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿塞拜疆和土耳其旨在联合人工智能领域的力量", "description_zh": "据悉，阿塞拜疆和土耳其签署了一项历史性的人工智能领域合作协议，旨在跻身全球人工智能领域前20名国家之列。 土耳其人工智能政策协会（AIPA）主席扎菲尔·库库萨巴诺格鲁（Zafer Kucksabanoglu）表示，该协议旨在结合两国的知识、网络和能力，最大限度地提高人工智能的经济利益，目标是到 2030 年在预计 15.7 万亿美元的全球人工智能经济中分一杯羹。该合作还强调道德考虑和数据隐私保障，以保护公民权利和国家安全。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Azerbaijan and Türkiye aim to unite forces in AI", "url": "https://report.az/en/amp/ict/azerbaijan-turkiye-aim-to-unite-forces-in-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Azerbaijan and Türkiye plan to join forces in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) with the goal of ranking among the world's top 20 countries, Zafer Kucuksabanoglu, Chairman of Türkiye's Artificial Intelligence Policy Association (AIPA), told journalists, Report informs.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿塞拜疆和土耳其旨在联合人工智能领域的力量", "description_zh": "据悉，阿塞拜疆和土耳其签署了一项历史性的人工智能领域合作协议，旨在跻身全球人工智能领域前20名国家之列。 土耳其人工智能政策协会（AIPA）主席扎菲尔·库库萨巴诺格鲁（Zafer Kucksabanoglu）表示，该协议旨在结合两国的知识、网络和能力，最大限度地提高人工智能的经济利益，目标是到 2030 年在预计 15.7 万亿美元的全球人工智能经济中分一杯羹。该合作还强调道德考虑和数据隐私保障，以保护公民权利和国家安全。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 November 2024", "title": "Turkey Data Protection Authority releases note on AI chatbots", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/967c7518-2a4c-4318-9c97-01dcac2591f3.pdf", "description": "Primary source (kvkk.gov.tr): KVKK | Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其数据保护局发布关于人工智能聊天机器人的说明", "description_zh": "土耳其数据保护局 (KVKK) 发布了有关人工智能聊天机器人的信息说明。该信息说明涉及聊天机器人收集和处理个人数据的密集活动，为聊天机器人应用程序的开发提供指南。该声明增强了透明度、用户对个人数据的控制以及人工智能聊天机器人应用程序中个人数据的安全性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 November 2024", "title": "Turkish Competition Authority source on AI-enabled public procurement oversight", "url": "https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/tr/Guncel/kamu-ihale-kurumu-ve-rekabet-kurumu-kamu-c9a93d8b5e9bef1193d20050568585c9", "description": "Official source record dated 5 November 2024 for Turkey concerning Turkey adopts protocol for AI enabled competition analysis in public procurement. See the linked rekabet.gov.tr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土耳其在公共采购中采用人工智能竞争分析协议", "description_zh": "公共采购局和竞争管理局已采用人工智能在公共采购中进行竞争分析的协议。该协议适用于公共采购部门，该部门约占土耳其中央政府预算支出的 36%。该协议旨在加强采购流程中的数据分析，并通过引入人工智能驱动的工具和联合统计模型来检测操纵投标和招标卡特尔等反竞争行为，确保透明的竞争环境。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Turkish technology minister urges global regulation to prevent AI misuse at ABNA-SE conference", "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/artificial-intelligence/turkish-technology-minister-urges-global-regulation-to-prevent-ai-misuse-at-abna-se-conference/3321462", "description": "Türkiye's industry and technology minister emphasized the transformative impact of AI on various sectors, particularly the media, at a conference Wednesday in the Turkish metropolis Istanbul.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "土耳其技术部长在 ABNA-SE 会议上敦促全球监管以防止人工智能滥用", "description_zh": "在伊斯坦布尔举行的“引导人工智能和媒体”会议上，土耳其工业和技术部长穆罕默德·法提赫·卡西尔强调了深度造假和“算法新闻”的风险，并呼吁对人工智能监管采取“统一、透明和全球协调的方法”，并需要有原则的新闻。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 June 2024", "title": "Artifical Intelligence Law introduced", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/e21539a0-888a-4500-81be-01904a918c53", "description": "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Resmi İnternet Sitesi", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法出台", "description_zh": "土耳其大国民议会推出了《人工智能法》(2/2234)，这是一个管理人工智能技术开发和使用的综合法律框架。拟议法律的主要方面包括（1）安全、透明、公平、问责和隐私的基本原则，要求开发者在人工智能系统的开发过程中遵循和实施这些原则； （二）要求人工智能系统开发者进行风险评估； （3）某些人工智能系统，例如自动驾驶汽车、医疗诊断系统和司法系统中使用的人工智能应用程序，将被归类为高风险，需要采取进一步的预防措施（例如接受合格评定并向相关监管机构注册）； (4) 授予指定机构广泛的权力，包括对高风险人工智能系统进行合格评定、要求人工智能运营商提供额外信息以及对违规行为实施制裁； (5) 对各种违规行为的具体处罚，从部署被禁止的人工智能系统处以最高 3500 万土耳其里拉或年营业额 7% 的罚款，到提供人工智能相关虚假信息最高 750 万土耳其里拉或年营业额 1.5% 的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Recommendations on Protection of Personal Data in AI (2021)", "url": "https://kvkk.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/CMSFiles/25a1162f-0e61-4a43-98d0-3e7d057ac31a.pdf", "description": "Primary source (kvkk.gov.tr) in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于人工智能中个人数据保护的建议（2021）：", "description_zh": "本指南包括在第 6698 号个人数据保护法范围内为人工智能领域的开发者、制造商、服务提供商和决策者提供的个人数据保护建议。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2021-2025) (2021)", "url": "https://cbddo.gov.tr/SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/TRNationalAIStrategy2021-2025.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cbddo.gov.tr) in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略（2021-2025）（2021）：", "description_zh": "土耳其的人工智能综合路线图，其中包括为人工智能提出适当的道德和法律框架。它确立了“人工智能价值观”：（1）尊重人权、民主和法治； （二）繁荣环境和生物生态系统； (3) 确保多样性和包容性； (4) 生活在和平、公正和相互联系的社会中。它还确立了以下“人工智能原则”：（1）比例； (2) 安全和安保； （三）公平； (4) 隐私； (5) 透明度和可解释性； （六）责任和问责； (7) 数据主权； (8) 多方利益相关者治理。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='cbddo.gov.tr', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /SharedFolderServer/Genel/File/TRNationalAIStrategy2021-2025.pdf (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(, 'Connection to cbddo.gov.tr timed out.", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Artifical Intelligence Law (2/2234)", "url": "https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Yasama/KanunTeklifi/e21539a0-888a-4500-81be-01904a918c53", "description": "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Resmi İnternet Sitesi", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法 (2/2234)", "description_zh": "通过规定一般原则和具体义务来管理人工智能技术的开发和使用的全面法律框架。拟议法律的主要方面包括（1）安全、透明、公平、问责和隐私的基本原则，要求开发者在人工智能系统的开发过程中遵循和实施这些原则； （二）要求人工智能系统开发者进行风险评估； （3）某些人工智能系统，例如自动驾驶汽车、医疗诊断系统和司法系统中使用的人工智能应用程序，将被归类为高风险，需要采取进一步的预防措施（例如接受合格评定并向相关监管机构注册）； (4) 授予指定机构广泛的权力，包括对高风险人工智能系统进行合格评定、要求人工智能运营商提供额外信息以及对违规行为实施制裁； (5) 对各种违规行为的具体处罚，从部署被禁止的人工智能系统处以最高 3500 万土耳其里拉或年营业额 7% 的罚款，到提供人工智能相关虚假信息最高 750 万土耳其里拉或年营业额 1.5% 的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Bill no. 2/3358", "url": "https://cdn.tbmm.gov.tr/KKBSPublicFile/D28/Y4/T2/WebOnergeMetni/5b8d2dc6-9dee-41e8-98c6-ee5b28ca9608.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cdn.tbmm.gov.tr) in TR. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比尔没有。 2/3358：", "description_zh": "一项在土耳其建立人工智能法律框架的法案已提交给大国民议会。拟议的立法将明确人工智能用户和开发者的责任，通过修改第5651号法律来定义人工智能系统，并通过修改第5237号刑法来规范人工智能犯罪的责任。其他主要特点包括：（1）通过修改第5651号法律，强制在六小时内删除人工智能生成的侵犯人格权、威胁公共安全或使用深度伪造技术的内容； (2) 授予信息技术和通信管理局 (BTK) 对威胁公共秩序或选举安全的人工智能内容进行紧急访问阻止权，处以最高 1000 万土耳其里拉的罚款（修改第 5809 号法律）； （3）修改《网络安全法》（修改第7545号法），要求人工智能服务提供商实施内容验证机制和算法控制，降低幻觉风险，否则可能面临500万土耳其里拉的处罚； (4) 强制要求对人工智能生成的内容进行明确标记（修改第 5651 号法律），对违规行为处以 50 万至 500 万土耳其里拉的罚款，并可能对系统性和故意违规行为进行屏蔽。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Türkiye 2026 AI Strategy — Policy Analysis (January 2026)", "url": "https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/turkiyes-2026-ai-strategy-and-the-logic-of-middle-power-autonomy", "description": "Türkiye’s technological development has been discussed for decades, especially in relation to the defense sector. However, the release of Türkiye’s 2026 Presidential Annual Program a few weeks ago marks more than a routine policy update when seen from a technological perspective. Indeed, this program signals a deeper transformation in how the Turkish state understands power, governance and technological change. Artificial intelligence (AI) , long discussed as an enabler of modernization and efficiency, is now framed as a core component of state capacity itself. Rather than treating AI as a sec", "categories": [], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "土耳其的2026年人工智能战略和中等强国自治的逻辑（2026年1月2日）：", "description_zh": "土耳其的 2026 年总统年度计划标志着该国人工智能方式的重大转变，将其定位为国家能力和战略自主权的基本组成部分。与之前将人工智能视为补充创新的政策不同，2026 年计划将人工智能整合到各种国家职能中，包括公共管理、国防规划和治理。这种全面采用反映了国家逻辑的转变，将人工智能视为增强机构绩效和复原力至关重要的操作层。该计划还强调建立一个监管框架来管理公共部门人工智能的使用，纳入道德原则、风险评估机制和监测标准，这表明人工智能现在被认为是国家运作的永久和不可或缺的特征。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 135, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "792" }, { "id": "TC", "title": "Turks and Caicos", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "796" }, { "id": "UA", "title": "Ukraine", "entries": [ { "title": "Roadmap for the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine", "url": "https://thedigital.gov.ua/", "description": "AI law in Ukraine: The Roadmap for the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Ukraine, presented in October 2023 by the Ministry of Digital Transformation and the Expert Committee on AI Development, establishes a comprehensive two-stage implementation strategy for AI governance. It adopts a bottom-up approach emphasizing voluntary self-regulation and business preparedness tools before introducing binding legislation aligned with the EU AI Act....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌克兰人工智能监管路线图", "description_zh": "乌克兰的人工智能法：数字化转型部和人工智能发展专家委员会于 2023 年 10 月提出了乌克兰人工智能监管路线图，为人工智能治理制定了全面的两阶段实施战略。它采用自下而上的方法，强调自愿自我监管和商业准备工具，然后引入与欧盟人工智能法案一致的具有约束力的立法......" }, { "title": "Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en", "description": "AI law in Ukraine: The Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development in Ukraine is a strategic framework approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in December 2020 to guide AI development through 2030. It aims to increase Ukraine's competitiveness through AI deployment across socio-economic, defense, scientific, environmental, and cultural sectors while ensuring compliance with human rights and democratic values....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌克兰人工智能发展构想", "description_zh": "乌克兰人工智能法：乌克兰人工智能发展概念是内阁于 2020 年 12 月批准的战略框架，旨在指导 2030 年人工智能发展。其目的是通过在社会经济、国防、科学、环境和文化领域的人工智能部署来提高乌克兰的竞争力，同时确保遵守人权和民主价值观。" }, { "date": "16 August 2025", "title": "Ukraine imposes new sanctions on Russian, Chinese and Belarusian AI drone developers", "url": "https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/5992025-56145", "description": "Primary source (president.gov.ua) dated 16 August 2025 in UA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌克兰对俄罗斯、中国和白俄罗斯人工智能无人机开发商实施新制裁", "description_zh": "总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基签署了第 599/2025 号法令，颁布了国家安全与国防委员会（NSDC）的决定，对人工智能无人机制造商及其供应商实施个人特别经济和其他限制性措施。这些限制涵盖 39 名个人和 55 家公司，其中包括 43 家俄罗斯、10 家中国和 2 家白俄罗斯实体。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Zelenskyy calls for restricting supply of AI models suitable for military use to Russia", "url": "https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/cya-vijna-povinna-stavati-dlya-rosiyi-vse-bilshoyu-j-bilshoy-98709", "description": "Primary source (president.gov.ua) dated 27 June 2025 in UA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泽连斯基呼吁限制向俄罗斯供应适合军事用途的人工智能模型", "description_zh": "在公平竞赛会议上，乌克兰总统泽连斯基强调有必要对适合军事用途的现成人工智能（AI）模型的供应施加限制；此外，用于培训人工智能的工具和服务，包括基于云的解决方案；高性能计算设备以及专业数据集，包括俄罗斯的商业卫星图像。泽连斯基总统进一步呼吁建立一个新的国际平台来控制军民两用产品的出口，他强调，这不仅有助于乌克兰抵御俄罗斯，还可以间接抵御其“同谋”，例如朝鲜和伊朗政权。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "APAC and other regional tech ministers discuss AI regulation", "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2024/10/16/ai_regulations_apac_ministerial_opinions/", "description": "At a conference in Singapore on Tuesday, ministers from around the world mused that they may have missed the chance to regulate AI effectively.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚太地区和其他地区科技部长讨论人工智能监管", "description_zh": "在新加坡国际网络周上，各国部长讨论了在不断发展的技术环境中监管人工智能的挑战和策略。新闻报道了以下评论：（1）新加坡国家安全统筹部长张志贤表示，国际合作对于解决数字领域的共同问题至关重要，强调需要避免人工智能等新兴技术重蹈过去的覆辙； (2) 乌克兰外交部副部长安东·德莫欣 (Anton Demokhin) 认为，在实现改进机会之前，必须对不当行为做出强有力的反应； （3）新西兰部长朱迪思·柯林斯（Judith Collins）表示，该国尚未制定人工智能法规，因为没有足够的人工智能使用来保证； （4）澳大利亚网络安全和数字复原力特使安​​德鲁·查尔顿建议，有效的人工智能监管需要更多的合作而不是竞争； （5）文莱交通和信息通信部长沙姆哈里·穆斯塔法（Shamhary Mustapha）强调东盟贸易集团内就人工智能监管达成共识的重要性； (6) 新加坡网络安全局局长David Koh强调，大型科技公司的收入超过了许多国家的GDP； (7) 菲律宾信息和通信技术部的 Ivan John Uy 乐观地表示，东盟参与人工智能治理和道德规范还为时不晚。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 June 2024", "title": "The Ministry of Digital releases white paper on the future regulation of AI in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/rehuliuvannia-shtuchnoho-intelektu-v-ukraini-mintsyfry-prezentuie-bilu-knyhu", "description": "The White Paper describes in detail the approach to the regulation of artificial intelligence in Ukraine.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字部发布乌克兰人工智能未来监管白皮书", "description_zh": "乌克兰数字化转型部制定了一份“白皮书”来指导未来的人工智能监管。该举措旨在帮助企业为即将到来的人工智能立法做好准备。该部选择了基于自下而上原则的“软方法”。要点包括：（1）让企业做好应对人工智能监管要求的准备； (2) 开发负责任的人工智能工具门户网站； (3) 确保安全的数字环境，保护人权免受人工智能风险的影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital Transformation publishes guidelines for the responsible of AI in media", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/mintsyfry-razom-z-partneramy-ta-profilnymy-ekspertamy-rozrobylo-rekomendatsii-dlia-media-iak-vidpovidalno-vykorystovuvaty-shtuchnyi-intelekt", "description": "Мінцифри разом з партнерами та профільними експертами розробило рекомендації з відповідального використання штучного інтелекту в медіа. Мета — ознайомити українських журналістів з актуальними міжнародними практиками в цій сфері.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字化转型部发布媒体人工智能负责人指南", "description_zh": "数字化转型部发布了媒体负责任地使用人工智能的指南。概述的核心原则包括确保人工智能系统部署的透明度、区分创作内容和人工智能生成的内容、优先考虑内容创作中的人为因素，以及在纳入该技术时倡导媒体自我监管。该文件就媒体在选择人工智能系统时应权衡的因素以及如何评估通过人工智能生成的内容的道德和真实性方面提供了明确的指导。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 October 2023", "title": "Ukraine official news service source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-economy/3771094-ukraine-develops-ai-regulation-roadmap.html", "description": "Official source record dated 7 October 2023 for Ukraine concerning Ukraine Develops AI Regulation Roadmap. See the linked ukrinform.net source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌克兰制定人工智能监管路线图", "description_zh": "数字化转型部发布了乌克兰人工智能监管路线图。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Ministry of Digital's White Paper on AI regulation", "url": "https://cms.thedigital.gov.ua/storage/uploads/files/page/community/docs/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D0%86_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%93%D0%9B.pdf", "description": "Primary source (cms.thedigital.gov.ua) in UA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字部关于人工智能监管的白皮书：", "description_zh": "本白皮书概述了一种全面的“自下而上”的方法，在保障公民权利的同时优先考虑人工智能产业的平衡发展。该文件旨在通过提供详细的建议、部门指南以及自愿行为准则和产品测试监管沙箱等工具，指导企业为即将到来的人工智能立法做好准备。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ConnectTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='cms.thedigital.gov.ua', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /storage/uploads/files/page/community/docs/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A8%D0%86_%D0%B2", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "Guidelines of the Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in the News Media (2024)", "url": "https://webportal.nrada.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ukraine-AI-Guidelines-for-Media.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ebportal.nrada.gov.ua) in UA. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai", "Media & Entertainment" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新闻媒体负责任地使用人工智能指南（2024 年）：", "description_zh": "这些指南是乌克兰人工智能监管路线图的一部分，由乌克兰数字化转型部、乌克兰文化和信息政策部以及乌克兰国家电视和广播委员会制定。该指南旨在落实欧洲委员会媒体和信息社会指导委员会关于在新闻业负责任地实施人工智能系统的指南，并传播在新闻媒体中负责任地使用人工智能系统的相关国际实践、原则和方法，以尊重人权和职业道德标准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='webportal.nrada.gov.ua', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ukraine-AI-Guidelines-for-Media.pdf (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issu", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI Roadmap (2023)", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/rehuliuvannia-shtuchnoho-intelektu-v-ukraini-mintsyfry-prezentuvalo-dorozhniu-kartu", "description": "Дорожня карта з регулювання штучного інтелекту в Україні допоможе українським компаніям підготуватися до ухвалення закону-аналога AI Act Європейського Союзу, а громадянам — навчитися захищати себе від ризиків ШІ.", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能路线图（2023）：", "description_zh": "该路线图提出了“自下而上”（即从少到多）的两个阶段：（1）提供白皮书、自愿准则和其他工具，帮助企业进行人工智能治理并创建企业自律文化； (2) 2024 年推出乌克兰人工智能法（类似于欧盟人工智能法）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 11, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "804" }, { "id": "GB", "title": "United Kingdom", "entries": [ { "title": "The Data Protection Act 2018 (Code of Practice on Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making) Regulations 2026", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2026/425/made", "description": "1.—(1) These Regulations may be cited as The Data Protection Act 2018 (Code of Practice on Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making) Regulations 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-02", "title": "CMA investigation into NVIDIA/Arm merger", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nvidia-abandons-takeover-of-arm-during-cma-investigation", "description": "On 8 February 2022, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) announced that is closing its investigation into NVIDIA's planned acquisition of Arm Ltd. This followed the announcement by Nvidia on 7 February 2022 regarding the termination of the transaction to acquire Arm, citing regulatory challenges from competition authorities as reason. The CMA had opened its investigation on 6 January 2021 to determine if the merger could negatively impact the competition and innovation in the semicondu...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-13", "title": "UK implementation of OECD Reporting rules for digital platforms", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/draft-regulations-the-platform-operators-due-diligence-and-reporting-requirements-regulations?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=govuk-notifications-topic&utm_source=6ef55f84-acf7-4668-a62c-c574d7d0ac1c&utm_content=immediately", "description": "On 13 December 2022, the UK Government closed its consultation on the draft The Platform Operators (Due Diligence and Reporting Requirements) Regulations 2022, which aim to implement the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) Model Reporting Rules for Digital Platforms based on feedback received through consultations held from 30 July to 22 October 2021. The draft regulations are directed at possible tax non-compliance in the online gig economy by online service pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-20", "title": "Law Commission remote driving issues paper outlining case for legal reform", "url": "https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lawcom-prod-storage-11jsxou24uy7q/uploads/2023/02/RD-Advice-paper-for-20-02-23.pdf", "description": "On 20 February 2023, the Law Commission of England and Wales published a document titled “Remote driving: advice to Government” outlining its reform recommendations for remote driving. In the short term, the Law Commission proposes a new regulation to prohibit beyond-line-of-sight remote driving without an in-vehicle safety driver and to prohibit remote driving from abroad until appropriate international agreements are in place. On the long term, the Law Commission proposes the creation of a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-31", "title": "FCA Consumer Duty for financial services including digital payment providers", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/policy/ps22-9.pdf", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) implemented the Consumer Duty final rules for new and existing products and services open to sale or renewal. The implementation period is extended until 31 July 2024 for products and services held in closed books. The rules introduce a new standard of care for regulated firms towards their consumers, and affects regulated firms (including the e-money and payments sector), in addition to consumer organisations and individ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-16", "title": "UK Government action regarding Nexperia's ownership of British microchip factory", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1118369/NWF_Final_Order_Public_Notice_16112022.pdf", "description": "On 16 November 2022, the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) issued a final notice ordering Nexperia, a Dutch subsidiary of the Chinese semiconductor maker Wingtech, to sell at least 86% of the share capital of Nexperia Newport (NNL), formerly known as Newport Wafer Fab, the UK’s biggest microchip factory. Nexperia had acquired total ownership of NNL on 5 July 2021. The BEIS determined that the acquisition posed a risk to national security under the National Secu...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-25", "title": "Consultation on Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs)", "url": "https://s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/lawcom-prod-storage-11jsxou24uy7q/uploads/2022/11/DAOs-Call-for-Evidence-LC.pdf", "description": "On 25 January 2023, the public consultation on the legal classification of Decentralised Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) closed. DAOs include systems relying on protocols such as blockchains or smart contracts, which may or may not be part of wider incorporated entities. During the consultation, the United Kingdom Law Commission gathered information and evidence on how the current legal framework accounts for DAOs' specific technical characteristics and legal components. Furthermore, Law Co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-21", "title": "CMA investigation into Broadcom and VMware merger", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-clears-broadcom-s-deal-to-buy-vmware", "description": "On 21 August 2023, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) concluded its investigation into Broadcom and VMware merger and approved the acquisition. The CMA found that the proposed deal would not substantially reduce competition and stated that \"the potential financial benefit (...) would not outweigh the potential financial cost in terms of lost business\". The CMA also found that the merger would not harm innovation since sharing information with VMware would occur when it's too late ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-16", "title": "UK: Ofcom Investigation into Sepura for breach of competition law", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2022/ofcom-fines-sepura-1.5m-for-breaking-competition-law", "description": "On 16 December 2022, Ofcom imposed a fine of GBP 1.5 million fine against Sepura, a British telecommunications equipment provider, for breaking competition law. Ofcom’s investigation began in June 2019 after Motorola came forward to the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) with information about its contact with Sepura during a tender process for devices and related services used by the emergency services communication networks. In particular, Ofcom found that senior employees at Sepura an...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-16", "title": "CMA investigation into the acquisition of iRobot by Amazon", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/amazon-s-purchase-of-roomba-maker-cleared-by-cma", "description": "On 16 June 2023, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) issued its ruling in the investigation into Amazon's proposed acquisition of iRobot, approving the merger. In its investigation, CMA assessed whether the acquisition would lead to a \"substantial lessening of competition\" in the UK market. The CMA noted that the acquisition wouldn't negatively impact competition, noting that iRobot, which offers vacuum cleaners, has a modest position in the market and already has a significant ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-25", "title": "Can synthetic data enable data sharing in financial services?", "url": "", "description": "Synthetic data could help reduce criminal activity without the privacy trade off.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Artificial intelligence skills for all", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/artificial-intelligence-skills-for-all", "description": "Explore this collection of free artificial intelligence courses for civil servants.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Understanding artificial intelligence ethics and safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/understanding-artificial-intelligence-ethics-and-safety", "description": "Understand how to use artificial intelligence ethically and safely", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-10-18", "title": "A guide to using artificial intelligence in the public sector", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/a-guide-to-using-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-sector", "description": "Guidance on building and using artificial intelligence in the public sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Managing your artificial intelligence project", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/managing-your-artificial-intelligence-project", "description": "Understand how to manage a project which uses artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Assessing if artificial intelligence is the right solution", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/assessing-if-artificial-intelligence-is-the-right-solution", "description": "Guidance to help you assess if artificial intelligence (AI) is the right technology for your challenge.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Planning and preparing for artificial intelligence implementation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/planning-and-preparing-for-artificial-intelligence-implementation", "description": "Guidance to help you plan and prepare for implementing artificial intelligence (AI).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "Use of artificial intelligence in casework evidence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/use-of-artificial-intelligence-in-casework-evidence", "description": "Guidance on use of artificial intelligence (AI) as part of any appeal, application or examination being dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Guidelines for using generative artificial intelligence if you’re a software developer", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/guidelines-for-using-generative-artificial-intelligence-if-youre-a-software-developer", "description": "Find out the expectations for good use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in commercial software products that help customers submit information to HMRC.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Digital, data, innovation and artificial intelligence learning", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/digital-and-data-learning", "description": "Explore the recommended learning that is designed to help you deliver better outcomes for the public, and thrive in a modern, digital government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ai-and-public-standards", "description": "Read about the Committee's review on artificial intelligence and public standards, including our report, evidence submitted to the Committee, and follow up work.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2016-12-19", "title": "Robotics, automation and artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/robotics-automation-and-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Advice to the Prime Minister on opportunities in robotics, automation and artificial intelligence for the UK.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "Artificial intelligence in public services", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/data-ethics-guidance/artificial-intelligence-in-public-services", "description": "Guidance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public sector services from the Equality and Human Rights Commission.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "Rapid Technology Assessment: Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rapid-technology-assessment-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Rapid technology assessment (RTA) looking at artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "title": "UK artificial intelligence sectoral analysis survey", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-artificial-intelligence-sectoral-analysis-survey", "description": "Government research to understand the UK's artificial intelligence sector, and how it is growing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2016-09-11", "title": "Artificial intelligence: an overview for policy-makers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-an-overview-for-policy-makers", "description": "An introduction to artificial intelligence (AI), including an overview of the opportunities and ‎implications for society and government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Turing Artificial Intelligence Fellowships", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/turing-artificial-intelligence-fellowships", "description": "The Turing AI Fellowships are a £46 million initiative created by the UK government, aimed at attracting and maintaining the best talent in artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2018-09-17", "title": "Review of artificial intelligence in transport 2017", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-artificial-intelligence-in-transport-2017", "description": "Statement on the independent position of the Department for Transport’s Science Advisory Council on artificial intelligence in transport", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-07", "title": "Artificial intelligence in the driving seat", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/artificial-intelligence-in-the-driving-seat", "description": "Defence data scientists and engineers come close to world record time in a DeepRacer artificial intelligence challenge.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-04-30", "title": "Correspondence with the Prime Minister on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/correspondence-with-the-prime-minister-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Lord Evans and the Prime Minister exchanged letters regarding the Committee's review into artificial intelligence and public standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "Ofsted research on artificial intelligence in education: terms of reference", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ofsted-research-on-artificial-intelligence-in-education-terms-of-reference", "description": "Ofsted are carrying out research on artificial intelligence (AI) in education.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2017-10-14", "title": "Growing the artificial intelligence industry in the UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/growing-the-artificial-intelligence-industry-in-the-uk", "description": "This independent review, carried out by Professor Dame Wendy Hall and Jérôme Pesenti reports on how the Artificial Intelligence industry can be grown in the UK.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-03", "title": "UK employer survey on skills for artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-employer-survey-on-skills-for-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Research to understand the employer perspectives on skills for artificial intelligence from a range of sectors across the UK", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-20", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards: government response to report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-public-standards-government-response-to-report", "description": "The government's response to the Committee's 2020 report Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-10-06", "title": "Review of the online learning and artificial intelligence education market", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-the-online-learning-and-artificial-intelligence-education-market", "description": "Research into the online learning and artificial intelligence education markets and their effectiveness in supporting the development of skills in the English workforce.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-19", "title": "Artificial Intelligence for Decarbonisation Innovation Programme: successful projects", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-for-decarbonisation-innovation-programme-successful-projects", "description": "This programme supports the development of innovative artificial intelligence technologies for decarbonisation applications to support the transition to net zero.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-16", "title": "Transforming the regulation of software and artificial intelligence as a medical device", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/transforming-the-regulation-of-software-and-artificial-intelligence-as-a-medical-device", "description": "The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is updating regulations applying to software and artificial intelligence (AI) as a medical device.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "Office for Artificial Intelligence – information collection and analysis: privacy notice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/office-for-artificial-intelligence-information-collection-and-analysis-privacy-notice", "description": "How the Office for Artificial Intelligence collects and processes your personal data, and your rights.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2018-04-19", "title": "Robotics and artificial intelligence research and development: preferred option", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/robotics-and-artificial-intelligence-research-and-development-preferred-option", "description": "Preferred option for our approach to Research and Development (R&D) associated with Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (RAI) technology.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-02", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards: Committee publishes report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/artificial-intelligence-and-public-standards-committee-publishes-report", "description": "The Committee on Standards in Public Life today published its report on artificial intelligence and its impact on public standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "title": "RAI Institute: Artificial Intelligence Impact Assessment (AIIA)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/rai-institute-artificial-intelligence-impact-assessment-aiia", "description": "A system-level AI Impact Assessment (AIIA), developed by the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Institute (RAI Institute), informs the broader assessment of AI risks and risk management.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Using technology in education", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/using-technology-in-education", "description": "Guidance, support and policy documents for education providers on the use of technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in education.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-09", "title": "Artificial Intelligence sector study", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/artificial-intelligence-sector-study", "description": "An analysis of the UK’s AI sector, developing robust estimates of the scale and scope of firms developing AI products and services in the UK.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-19", "title": "Using artificial intelligence (AI) to help radiologists with CT scans", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/using-artificial-intelligence-ai-to-help-radiologists-with-ct-scans", "description": "Learn how ACE helped radiologists within the NHS find a solution to diagnose and improve patient outcomes using artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-06", "title": "Artificial intelligence resources for the public sector", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/artificial-intelligence-resources-for-the-public-sector", "description": "Guidance on using AI safely, effectively and securely for government and public sector organisations", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-06-15", "title": "Joint statement from founding members of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/joint-statement-from-founding-members-of-the-global-partnership-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) is an international and multistakeholder initiative to guide the responsible development and use of AI, grounded in human rights, inclusion, diversity, innovation, and economic growth.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-28", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and IP: copyright and patents", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/artificial-intelligence-and-ip-copyright-and-patents", "description": "The Government has published its response to its consultation on Intellectual Property and Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-02", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Public Standards: written evidence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-and-public-standards-written-evidence", "description": "Written evidence submitted to the Committee's review into artificial intelligence and public standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Artificial Intelligence: public awareness survey", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-public-awareness-survey", "description": "This poll surveyed people in Great Britain to understand public awareness of artificial intelligence (AI), and its corresponding socioeconomic benefits.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-18", "title": "Learning from artificial intelligence with gaming", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/learning-from-artificial-intelligence-with-gaming", "description": "Dstl took part in a recent 2-day workshop run by the Machine Speed Command and Control (MSC2) project on artificial intelligence (AI).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Regulation of AI in Healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/regulation-of-ai-in-healthcare", "description": "The MHRA is seeking evidence on the regulation of AI in healthcare to inform the recommendations of the National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "title": "National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/national-commission-into-the-regulation-of-ai-in-healthcare", "description": "The National Commission into the Regulation of AI in Healthcare is an expert, non-statutory advisory body established by the MHRA to review current regulations and provide recommendations for a new regulatory framework for AI in healthcare.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Professor Alastair Denniston: The future regulation of AI in healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/professor-alastair-denniston-the-future-regulation-of-ai-in-healthcare", "description": "Creating a framework that is safe, fast and trusted.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Patients to benefit as UK and US regulators forge new collaboration on medical technologies and AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/patients-to-benefit-as-uk-and-us-regulators-forge-new-collaboration-on-medical-technologies-and-ai", "description": "Enhanced collaboration with the US on med tech regulation, with accelerated innovation, strengthened patient safety, and reduced transatlantic barriers to market access.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "AI regulation: a pro-innovation approach – policy proposals", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach-policy-proposals", "description": "We're seeking views on the proposals set out in the white paper on implementing a pro-innovation approach to AI regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Regulatory Horizons Council (RHC) publishes independent recommendations on the future regulation of neurotechnology and AI as a medical device", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/regulatory-horizons-council-rhc-publishes-independent-recommendations-on-the-future-regulation-of-neurotechnology-and-ai-as-a-medical-device", "description": "Regulatory Horizons Council publishes today 2 independent reports on the regulation of neurotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) as a medical device.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "National AI Commission: Ask Me Anything", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-ai-commission-ask-me-anything", "description": "The MHRA are hosting a live Ask Me Anything on how artificial intelligence (AI) is being regulated in healthcare.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-28", "title": "CDEI publishes research on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cdei-publishes-research-on-ai-governance", "description": "The CDEI has conducted public engagement and research into public expectations for AI governance to inform the AI regulation white paper.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Ofsted's approach to AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ofsteds-approach-to-ai", "description": "These guidance documents outline how Ofsted uses artificial intelligence (AI) for its own work and set out how we look at AI during inspection and regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-03", "title": "The regulation of artificial intelligence as a medical device: government response to the RHC", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-as-a-medical-device-government-response-to-the-rhc", "description": "Government response to the recommendations made by the Regulatory Horizons Council (RHC) on the regulation of AI as a medical device.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Regulatory Horizons Council: The regulation of Artificial Intelligence as a Medical Device", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulatory-horizons-council-the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-as-a-medical-device", "description": "An independent report to government from the Regulatory Horizons Council about the regulation of AI as a Medical Device.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Principles of AI use in marking", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/principles-of-ai-use-in-marking", "description": "This working paper explores the principles and implications of using artificial intelligence (AI) in high stakes marking, specifically within the context of qualifications regulated by Ofqual in England.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "title": "Generative AI: product safety standards", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/generative-ai-product-safety-standards", "description": "Guidance on the safety standards for generative AI products and systems developed for use in educational settings.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-15", "title": "AI Safety Summit programme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-programme", "description": "Programme for AI Safety Summit 2023 that will take place on the 1 and 2 November at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-02", "title": "AI Safety Institute approach to evaluations", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-institute-approach-to-evaluations", "description": "AI Safety Institute (AISI) approach to evaluations and testing of advanced AI systems to better understand what each new system is capable of.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-19", "title": "UK-Canada science of AI safety partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership", "description": "A strategic framework to advanced science of AI safety cooperation between the UK and Canada.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-13", "title": "AI Safety Summit 2023: The Bletchley Declaration", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchley-declaration", "description": "Declaration agreed by countries attending the AI Safety Summit 2023 at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "UK AI Safety Institute: third progress report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-ai-safety-institute-third-progress-report", "description": "Third progress report by Ian Hogarth, Chair of UK's AI Safety Institute.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State (Minister for AI and Online Safety)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/parliamentary-under-secretary-of-state-minister-for-ai-and-online-safety", "description": "The minister is responsible for: AI Opportunities AI Security Institute Intellectual Property Office (IPO) Semiconductors Tech for Growth Online Safety", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-17", "title": "AI Safety Institute: overview", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-institute-overview", "description": "Find out about the AI Safety Institute.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "International expertise to drive International AI Safety Report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/international-expertise-to-drive-international-ai-safety-report", "description": "International expertise will drive forward the first edition of the International Scientific Report on Advanced AI Safety.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-09", "title": "UK government sets out AI Safety Summit ambitions", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-government-sets-out-ai-safety-summit-ambitions", "description": "The AI Safety Summit will bring together key countries, technology organisations, academia and civil society.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-11", "title": "AI Safety Summit 2023: Roundtable Chair's Summaries, 2 November", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-roundtable-chairs-summaries-2-november", "description": "A summary of the discussions which took place at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-22", "title": "UK Statement at WTO AI Conference", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/uk-statement-at-wto-ai-conference", "description": "The UK's Minister for the Future Digital Economy and Online Safety, Baroness Jones, delivered the keynote speech at the WTO's AI Conference in Geneva.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "title": "Lumenova AI Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance Platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/lumenova-ai-governance-risk-management-and-compliance-platform", "description": "Lumenova AI's AI Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance Platform aims to simplify and streamline AI risk management, providing complete visibility on AI models and ensuring consistent adherence to the latest regulatory standards and industry best practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "title": "Credo AI: Responsible AI Governance Platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/credo-ai-responsible-ai-governance-platform", "description": "Case study from Credo AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-12", "title": "Enzai: AI Governance Hub", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/enzai-ai-governance-hub", "description": "Case study from Enzai.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "title": "Holistic AI: Governance, Risk and Compliance Platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/holistic-ai-governance-risk-and-compliance-platform", "description": "Case study from Holistic AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-04", "title": "CSPL submission to Science and Technology Committee inquiry on Governance of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cspl-submission-to-science-and-technology-committee-inquiry-on-governance-of-ai", "description": "CSPL has submitted written evidence to the Science and Technology Committee's inquiry on Governance of Artificial Intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-23", "title": "International collaboration on AI and data governance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/international-collaboration-on-ai-and-data-governance", "description": "Data Minister Chris Philp delivered a speech at AI UK on the power data and artificial intelligence have in improving innovation and driving growth", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "Michael Mire", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/michael-mire", "description": "Michael Mire joined the Board of the Competition and Markets Authority as non-executive director in April 2026. Michael Mire is a highly experienced business leader with a background spanning strategy consulting, financial services and public sector governance. Educated at Oxford and Harvard Busines", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-12", "title": "Enzai: AI Policy Centre", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/enzai-ai-policy-centre", "description": "Case study from Enzai.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-17", "title": "Content monitoring framework in Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-illegal-content-codes-of-practice-2024-explanatory-memorandum", "description": "On 17 March 2025, the illegal content duties under the Online Safety Act (OSA) entered into force. The Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued illegal content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services that implement the OSA. Providers were required to carry out an illegal harm risk assessment by 16 March 2025, following which they must implement suitable measures to remove illegal content on their platforms and reduce the risk of this content appearing. Platforms must also provide reportin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-19", "title": "CMA-ICO joint statement on competition and data protection law", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/987358/Joint_CMA_ICO_Public_statement_-_final_V2_180521.pdf", "description": "The UK Information Commissioner`s Office and the Competition and Markets Authority published a joint statement on the relationship between competition and data protection law in the digital economy. Since there is a strong overlap between the two areas, the authorities view them as complementary rather than opposing agendas and commit to working together to find regulatory solutions satisfying both areas. The goal is to have a competitive digital market with coherent regulation that empowers ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-22", "title": "UKJT Digital Dispute Resolution Rules", "url": "https://technation.io/news/rules-published-to-enable-rapid-resolution-of-disputes-digital-transactions/", "description": "The UK Jurisdiction Taskforce publishes the Digital Dispute Resolution Rules, which are intended for on-chain digital relationships and smart contracts. They include an automatic dispute resolution process by an automatically selected artificial intelligence agent, which is legally binding as well as rules on arbitration and expert determination.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-15", "title": "Recommendations on post-Brexit data protection regulation", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/994125/FINAL_TIGRR_REPORT__1_.pdf", "description": "The Task Force on Innovation, Growth and Regulatory Reform (TIGRR) has published its report with recommendations to the Prime Minister on how to reshape UK's approach to regulation post-Brexit. The report recommends replacing the UK GDPR with a new UK Framework of Citizens Data Rights. The Task Force urges the Government to reform the UK GDPR in such a manner that citizens can regain greater control over how their data is used and to reform. It also suggests adapting the UK GDPR's requirement...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Competition and Markets Authority investigation into Google's \"Privacy Sandbox\"", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/investigation-into-googles-privacy-sandbox-browser-changes", "description": "On 17 October 2025, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) issued a decision to release the commitments it had accepted from Google in February 2022 concerning the company’s Privacy Sandbox proposals under the Competition Act 1998. The commitments were originally imposed to prevent Google’s plans to phase out third-party cookies (TPCs) in Chrome from distorting competition in online advertising. As Google later abandoned its plans to remove or restrict TPCs and announced the retirement o...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-07-30", "title": "Publication of ICO Guidance on AI and data protection", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/data-sharing-a-code-of-practice/", "description": "The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) publishes its guidance on AI and data protection, which aims to enhance data protection in AI projects.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-23", "title": "Report on UK Code of Practice for Consumer IoT Security", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/artificial-intelligence-and-intellectual-property-call-for-views/government-response-to-call-for-views-on-artificial-intelligence-and-intellectual-property", "description": "The UK publishes its Government response to call for views on artificial intelligence and intellectual property. The response states that any upcoming measures encourage innovation in AI technology and promote its use for the public good, preserve the central role of intellectual property in promoting human creativity and innovation, are based on the best available economic evidence. The Intellectual Property Office will further focus on the AI sector and internationally lead the approach on ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-26", "title": "International data transfer reforms", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-approach-to-international-data-transfers/international-data-transfers-building-trust-delivering-growth-and-firing-up-innovation", "description": "On 26 August 2021, the UK Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) released a guidance on its approach to international data transfers. Specifically, the UK wants to reach new adequacy agreements through the usage of guided manual templates. Adequacy agreements are reached when the other country offers a sufficient and adequate level of data protection. The DCMS will further publish current adequacy decisions and priorities for adequacy decisions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-09", "title": "Data protection requirements in surveillance camera code of practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/surveillance-camera-code-of-practice", "description": "On 9 September 2021, the consultation on the surveillance camera code of practice is closed by the Surveillance Camera Commissioner (UK Government). The consultation opened on 13 August 2021. The code provides guidance on the appropriate use of surveillance camera systems by local authorities and the police. The code was introduced in 2013 and is now being revised in accordance with other legislation such as Data Protection Legislation and jurisprudence on the matter.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "UK - Vietnam Letter of Intent on cooperation in digital economy and digital transformation", "url": "https://english.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/149789/Vietnam--UK-enhance-cooperation-in-digital-economy--digital-transformation.html", "description": "On 1 November 2021, representatives of Vietnam and the UK signed a Letter of Intent showcasing the enhancement of cooperation in the areas of the digital economy and digital transformation. The representatives of both countries revealed their strategies and projects on the development of the digital economy. Furthermore, it was discussed how the two countries could work together and strengthen their partnership established in the UK-ASEAN Digital Innovation Partnership and the Asia-Pacific Di...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-12", "title": "Ukraine National Bank Cybersecurity Regulation", "url": "https://bank.gov.ua/ua/news/all/kiberzahist-bankivskoyi-sistemi-ukrayini-maye-posilitisya-12738", "description": "On 4 December 2021, the National Bank of Ukraine's (NBU) consultation on its draft regulations on the organization of cybersecurity in the banking system of Ukraine has been closed. The draft regulations lay out the basic principles around cybersecurity in the Ukrainian banking sector, and cover requirements for information exchange, protection of critical information, and independent security audits.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-06-18", "title": "ICO Opinion on the use of live facial recognition", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2021/06/information-commissioner-s-opinion-live-facial-recognition-technology/", "description": "The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted the Opinion on the use of live facial recognition technology in public places. The Opinion explains that live facial recognition technologies can be used in a privacy-intrusive way. The ICO thus requests that organisations demonstrate the necessity, proportionality and fairness in data processing to justify the use of such technologies. Finally, in the assessment phase both accuracy and biases must be addressed.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-15", "title": "UK National Cyber Strategy 2022", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-cyber-strategy-2022/national-cyber-security-strategy-2022#part-2-implementation", "description": "On 15 December 2021, the United Kingdom (UK) government issued the National Cyber Strategy 2022, outlining its approach and the actions that will be taken to strengthen the country’s cyber security. The strategy includes five pillars and for each of them, the government lists three to four objectives and the steps that will be followed to accomplish them. First, persons working in the area of cyber are to be educated better and the partnerships between the different players are to be strength...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-29", "title": "Regulation on organizational and technical cybersecurity model", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/uryad-uhvaliv-polozhennya-pro-organizacijno-tehnichnu-model-kiberzahistu", "description": "On 29 December 2021, the Government of Ukraine adopted the Regulation on organisational and technological cybersecurity. The Regulation outlines the country's cybersecurity framework and cybersecurity-related processes, such as incident response, information exchange and monitoring. Furthermore, the Regulation is intended to encourage actors in the private sector to develop cybersecurity infrastructures and policies which are in line with the national approach.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-25", "title": "International Data Transfers Council", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/global-data-experts-fire-up-governments-plans-to-promote-free-flow-of-data?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=94e30bc8f4-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2022_01_27_12_29&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-94e30bc8f4-190856656", "description": "On 25 January 2022, the International Data Transfer Expert Council was launched, as part of the UK Data National Strategy. The council is a gathering of experts comprised of international academics and digital business leaders, including Google, Mastercard, and Microsoft.\nThe International Data Transfer Expert Council aims to give independent advise to the British government in order to assist it in achieving its aim of harnessing the advantages of open and secure cross-border data flows.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-21", "title": "UK International Data Transfer Agreement", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/international-data-transfer-agreement-and-guidance/", "description": "On 21 March 2022, the UK International Data Transfer Agreement (IDTA) proposed by the Information Commissioner's Office is implemented, replacing the EU Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) for international data transfers. Similarly to the EU SCCs, the IDTA contains clauses detailing the obligations of data exporters and importers, including duties in the event of a data breach and in dealing with data access requests. The International Data Transfer Addendum to the EU Commission Standard Con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-20", "title": "UK consultation on regulation of cyber security profession", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/embedding-standards-and-pathways-across-the-cyber-profession-by-2025", "description": "The UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport has closed the consultation on the development of the cyber security profession. Particularly, the consultation seeks inputs on how to make the UK Cyber Security Council the representative of the cyber security profession and how to address the skills shortage experienced by the government and industry.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-09-12", "title": "Code of practice for app store operators and app developers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-practice-for-app-store-operators-and-app-developers", "description": "On 9 December 2022, the UK Government published a new Code of Practice for app store operators and app developers setting out minimum security and privacy requirements across the app market. The new Code contains voluntary rules for app operators and developers that seek to protect consumers from malicious apps that threaten their privacy and security. Among other measures, the Code of Practice suggests the implementation of a vulnerability disclosure process and regular updates for apps.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-22", "title": "FCA consultation on synthetic data in financial services", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/call-for-input/synthetic-data-to-support-financial-services-innovation.pdf", "description": "On 22 June 2022, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) closed its consultation on the use of synthetic data in the financial services sector. The call for input aims to determine the ways in which synthetic data could be of use in the financial sector, as well as potential drawbacks and challenges. Synthetic data is generated by algorithms, rather than being based on real-world events, although it attempts to simulate such real data. Assuming that real individuals cannot be identified from...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-04-28", "title": "White paper on broadcasting sector regulation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/up-next-the-governments-vision-for-the-broadcasting-sector", "description": "On 28 April 2022, the UK Government issued a white paper outlining a future regulatory framework regarding the broadcasting sector. The framework is necessary due to the constant evolution of and growing competition in the broadcasting sector. Proposed changes include content restrictions concerning over-the-top (OTT) service providers such as Netflix regarding \"harmful\" content and increased enforcement powers for the UK media regulator Ofcom.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "Policy paper on Establishing a pro-innovation approach to regulating AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-unveils-world-leading-approach-to-innovation-in-first-artificial-intelligence-white-paper-to-turbocharge-growth", "description": "On 29 March 2023, the UK Government issued the White Paper on A Pro-Innovation Approach to AI Regulation. The White Paper sets out five principles representing the salient issues for safe and innovative AI and intended to guide regulatory action in relation to AI. The five principles are: (1) safety, security, and robustness; (2) transparency and explainability; (3) fairness; (4) accountability and governance; and (5) contestability and redress. These principles are intended to underpin the U...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-10", "title": "UK-US Data Access Agreement", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-united-states-and-united-kingdom-data-access-agreement", "description": "On 3 October 2022, the Data Access Agreement signed by the United States and the United Kingdom enters into force. The Agreement aims to facilitate data transfers between the countries for the prosecution of crimes. In particular, telecommunications service providers will be required to offer access to the data they store to authorities following a request from law enforcement agencies in both countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "Telecommunications Security Code of Practice", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1120531/E02781980_Telecommunications_Security_CoP_Accessible.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries (Ofcom) published the Telecommunications Security Code of Practice which aims to provide guidance on how public telecoms providers can comply with the “Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022” that entered into force on 1 October 2022. The Code of Practice outlines specific security measures that should be adopted by telecom providers to comply with their legal obligations a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-10", "title": "Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2022/933/made", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the Electronic Communications (Security Measures) Regulations 2022 previously adopted by the UK Government Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sports (DCMS) have been implemented. The Regulations, developed in collaboration with the National Cyber Security Centre and industry regulator Ofcom, apply to providers of public electronic communications networks and services (telecom providers). These providers must adhere to specific security measures designed to ensure that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-22", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office Data Protection and Journalism Code of Practice", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/4025760/data-protection-and-journalism-code-202307.pdf", "description": "On 22 February 2024, the Data Protection and Journalism Code of Practice, a statutory code under the Data Protection Act of 2018, entered into force. The code is primarily aimed at media organisations and journalists, including press, broadcasters, and online media outlets. The code is applicable to personal data processing and provides practical guidance on data protection law compliance and good practice in a journalistic context. The code includes the criteria for qualifying under the jou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-11", "title": "Age appropriate design code impact review", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-childrens-code-evaluation/", "description": "On 11 November 2022, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation on the one-year anniversary impact review of the Age appropriate design code. The code applies to online servies marketed towards or likely to be used by children. The consultation sought the views of stakeholders and members of the public on the impact of the code and is intended to inform a more general report.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-02", "title": "Bank of England request for comments on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Financial Services", "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/publication/2022/october/artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 10 February 2022, the public consultation on the use and regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in UK financial services closes. Through a Discussion Paper (DP), the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Bank of England explore the best approach to defining and scoping the characteristics of AI in order to provide guidance and clarify legal requirements. The DP includes the data protection regulations that providers have to comply with if they use risk dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "ICO investigation into Easylife data processing practices", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/03/ico-reaches-agreement-with-easylife-ltd/", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) announced it had reached an agreement with Easylife, a catalogue retailer that sells health products, to reduce the original imposed fine of GBP 1'350'000 to GBP 250'000. The fine had been issued in October 2022 after the ICO found that the company breached the GDPR by inferring health data from customer data in order to market health-related products to them, thereby processing special category data without consent. Easylife ha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "Governance of artificial intelligence (AI) inquiry", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/work/6986/governance-of-artificial-intelligence-ai/", "description": "On 25 November 2022, the public consultation on the Governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inquiry launched by the United Kingdom Parliament Science and Technology Committee closes. The consultation focused on transparency and scrutiny of AI uses, as well as the adequacy of regulatory oversight in the UK compared to other countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-12-19", "title": "Data Protection (Adequacy) ROK Regulations 2022", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2022/1213/pdfs/uksi_20221213_en.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2022, the UK implemented the Data Protection (Adequacy) (Republic of Korea) Regulations 2022, which allows businesses and organisations to transfer personal data securely to the Republic of Korea without restrictions. The new legislation removes existing barriers to cross-border data transfers such as contractual safeguards and standard data protection clauses. This followed an assessment of the Republic of Korea's personal data protection regulation after the UK and South Kore...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "Cross-Border Data Transfer regulation in UK and Ukraine Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-historic-trade-deal-with-ukraine-as-part-of-enhanced-support", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the United Kingdom and Ukraine signed a Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) aiming to support Ukraine’s economy and enhance trade in digital goods and services between both countries. In particular, the DTA will allow the transfer of “trusted data” between the countries by removing restrictions classified as arbitrary or unjustifiable to enable cooperation between businesses. The DTA specifies that the countries are allowed to implement restrictions in order to ensure the protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "Artificial intelligence requirements in UK and Ukraine Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-historic-trade-deal-with-ukraine-as-part-of-enhanced-support", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the United Kingdom and Ukraine signed a Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) aiming to support Ukraine’s economy and enhance trade in digital goods and services between both countries. The DTA includes provisions to enable the responsible use of new technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, the countries commit to following international standards on AI to mitigate potential risks and enable its neutrality and technological interoperability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "CMA investigation strategy into online choice architecture", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/online-choice-architecture-work", "description": "On 30 November 2022, United Kingdom's Competition Market Authority (CMA) published the Online Choice Architecture (OCA), a program of consumer enforcement work to detect harmful and misleading online-selling practices. The CMA released a taxonomy of harmful OCA-related practices and a summary of academic evidence about those practices. In particular, the CMA aims to investigate the e-commerce platforms and applications' use of urgency claims, including countdown clocks that seek to pressure c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-13", "title": "ICO guidance for data protection by default in software", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/03/ico-shares-resources-to-help-designers-embed-data-protection-by-default/", "description": "On 13 March 2023, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published new guidance for data protection by default in software. The guidance aims to enable UX designers, product managers and software engineers to embed data protection into their products and services during the development phase. For this purpose, the guidance outlines key privacy considerations for each stage of product design and provides relevant resources.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Guidance on AI and Data Protection", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/key-dp-themes/guidance-on-ai-and-data-protection/", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) updated its guideline on \"AI and Data Protection\", addressing fairness standards. Specifically, questions around accountability, transparency, lawfulness, accuracy, and fairness were updated further to support the industry's lawful use of AI technologies. For instance, the guideline clarifies the difference between bias, discrimination, fairness, and algorithmic fairness. The guideline also presents ways to reduce bias and what tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-04", "title": "Select Committee inquiry into Artificial Intelligence in Weapons Systems", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/646/ai-in-weapon-systems-committee/news/186511/how-should-autonomous-weapons-be-developed-used-and-regulated/", "description": "The Committee sought to gather information on the issues regarding the creation of Automated Weapons Systems (AWS), including the challenges, risks and benefits related to AWS. Furthermore, the Committee gathered information on the technical, legal and ethical safeguards necessary to ensure that AWS is used safely, reliably and accountably. Finally, stakeholders were invited to provide information regarding the applicability of the current UK regulation and international policymaking on AWS a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-04", "title": "ICO outline on generative AI use and data protection", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/04/generative-ai-eight-questions-that-developers-and-users-need-to-ask/", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published an outline helping developers evaluate whether their development and usage of generative AI technologies comply with data protection regulations. It contains eight questions inviting users and developers alike to reflect on, including the lawful basis for data processing, their status as data controller, joint controller or processor, the necessity of a DPIA assessment, the need to ensure transparency, the mitigation of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Competition and Markets Authority review of competition in artificial intelligence models", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/661e5a4c7469198185bd3d62/AI_Foundation_Models_technical_update_report.pdf", "description": "On 16 April 2024, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) published its Technical Updated Report on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models, in which the CMA shares more detailed descriptions of findings published in the updated review from 11 April 2024, including market developments and feedback received from stakeholders. In their updated review, the CMA has identified 3 critical risks to effective competition in the AI Foundation Models sector, expressing concerns about the potential n...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-16", "title": "ICO guidance on the application of data protection regulations to online content moderation processes", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/online-safety-and-data-protection/content-moderation-and-data-protection/", "description": "On 16 February 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted a guidance on how data protection law applies when using content moderation technologies and processes. The guidance is addressed to organisations that use or are considering using content moderation and the organisation required to moderate content based on the Online Safety Act (OSA). The guide provides practical advice to help comply with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "Bill to regulate the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the workplace", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3464/news", "description": "On 18 May 2023, a Bill to regulate the use of artificial intelligence technologies (AI) in the workplace was rejected automatically due to the end of the parliamentary session. The Bill aimed to regulate the application of AI in the workplace and to ensure the protection of the rights of workers and trade unions concerning the use of AI technologies. In particular, the Bill would have regulated the usage of AI in the context of workplace surveillance, privacy issues, and potential job loss du...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in UK-US data bridge", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-us-reach-commitment-in-principle-over-data-bridge", "description": "On 8 June, the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Science, Innovation, and Technology, and the United States Secretary of Commerce announced that have reached an agreement in principle for establishing UK-US data bridge. The data bridge would allow US companies that meet the necessary requirements to receive personal data from companies based in the UK. In particular, the UK would join the EU-US data privacy framework, a certification scheme in which US companies can opt-in, allowing data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cooperation on artificial intelligence in UK-US Atlantic Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/06/08/the-atlantic-declaration-a-framework-for-a-twenty-first-century-u-s-uk-economic-partnership/", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States signed the Atlantic Declaration, an economic partnership agreement, including cooperation on artificial intelligence (AI) development. In particular, the parties stated that they will enhance collaboration on policies to support the safe and responsible development of AI and address risks that the rapid development of AI could pose. Furthermore, the parties emphasised their support for the internat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in UK-US Atlantic Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/06/08/the-atlantic-declaration-a-framework-for-a-twenty-first-century-u-s-uk-economic-partnership/", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States signed the Atlantic Declaration, an economic partnership agreement, including cross-border data transfer regulation. In particular, the parties announced the establishment of a US-UK Data Bridge to enable the transfer of data between the jurisdictions. Furthermore, the parties agreed to support the adoption of Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules, compliance with the OECD's Declaration on Government A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-15", "title": "UK Geospatial Strategy 2030", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1162795/2023-06-15_UK_Geospatial_Strategy_2023_.pdf", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the UK Government announced the launch of its “Geospatial Strategy 2030” aiming to enhance location data and technologies across the UK by 2030 to ensure that the UK remains at the forefront of geospatial innovation globally and maximises the value of location data and services. The Strategy sets out three objectives or missions. Mission 1 outlines how the UK will embrace enabling technologies to accelerate geospatial innovation. Mission 2 outlines how the UK will drive great...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-19", "title": "Recommendation regarding Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/06/ico-urges-organisations-to-harness-the-power-of-data-safely-by-using-privacy-enhancing-technologies/", "description": "On 19 June 2023, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a recommendation urging organisations to adopt the use of privacy enhancing technologies (PETs). According to the ICO, PETs improve the secure management and sharing of individuals' personal data. The ICO states that such technologies allow organisations to use personal data without directly accessing it. PETs can further be employed to share anonymous personal data to identify and deter financial crimes such as fraud, money ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-25", "title": "Government Cyber Security Strategy: 2022 to 2030", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-cyber-security-strategy-2022-to-2030", "description": "On 25 January 2022, the UK Government published the Government Cyber Security Strategy: 2022 to 2030. The Strategy outlines the Government's approach to improving the cyber resilience of core government functions and services, including through risk management, protection against cyber attacks, incident detection, and development of cyber skills and knowledge.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in UK GDPR", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/contents", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), including cybersecurity regulation, entered into force. In accordance with the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, the UK GDPR is the national version of the EU's GDPR, amended to be in line with the UK legal system, which remains in force after UK's full withdrawal from the EU at the end of 2020. The U...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Data protection regulation in UK GDPR", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/contents", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), including data protection regulation, entered into force. In accordance with the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, the UK GDPR is the national version of the EU's GDPR, amended to be in line with the UK legal system, which remains in force after UK's full withdrawal from the EU at the end of 2020. The...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "Data transfer regulation in UK GDPR", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/contents", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), including data transfer regulation, entered into force. In accordance with the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and the Data Protection, Privacy and Electronic Communications (Amendments etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, the UK GDPR is the national version of the EU's GDPR, amended to be in line with the UK legal system, which remains in force after UK's full withdrawal from the EU at the end of 2020. The U...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Ofcom report on possible effects of generative AI on the communication sector", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/what-generative-ai-means-for-communications-sector?utm_source=pocket_saves", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the British communications regulator (Ofcom) released a report regarding the potential impact of generative AI on the communication sector. The report provides insights into the advantages and disadvantages that could arise from the implementation of generative AI in the industry. It also offers an overview of Ofcom's approach to managing these changes. Ofcom asserts that most experts agree that generative AI is likely to have a substantial influence on our economy and society...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-24", "title": "UK Product Safety Review", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/smarter-regulation-uk-product-safety-review", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the UK Government closed its consultation on its proposals to modernise product safety laws. In particular, the proposals aim to enhance consumer safety when shopping online. In addition, the proposals seek to better regulate innovations like internet-connected devices including smartwatches and speakers, and artificial intelligence. Finally, the proposals aim to reduce business costs by exploring how digital options can be utilised to reduce burdens and allow product info...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-27", "title": "UK-US declaration to combat the proliferation of AI-generated child sexual abuse images", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/combatting-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation/a-joint-statement-from-the-united-states-and-the-united-kingdom-on-combatting-child-sexual-abuse-and-exploitation", "description": "On 27 September 2023, the UK Home Office and the US Department of Homeland Security issued a joint statement on bilateral cooperation to combat the proliferation of AI-generated child sexual abuse images. The joint statement calls for innovation and cooperation of law enforcement to combat the dissemination of this online content and mitigate the risks of Generative AI. Further, both parties emphasised the need for social media companies to prioritise child safety.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "ICO investigation into Snap over \"My AI\" feature", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/05/ico-warns-organisations-must-not-ignore-data-protection-risks-as-it-concludes-snap-my-ai-chatbot-investigation/", "description": "On 21 May 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) concluded the investigation into Snap's approach to assessing the data protection risks of its \"My AI\" chatbot. The ICO's investigation indicated that Snap's pre-launch risk assessment for \"My AI\" did not adequately consider the data protection risks, especially concerning children. In a preliminary notice from 6 October 2023, actions the ICO may demand were outlined. Following the investigation, Snap took measures to conduct a more ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-10", "title": "Ukraine Artificial Intelligence Regulation Roadmap", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/rehuliuvannia-shtuchnoho-intelektu-v-ukraini-mintsyfry-prezentuvalo-dorozhniu-kartu", "description": "On 7 October 2023, Ukraine’s Ministry of Digital Transformation published its roadmap for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Ukraine. The roadmap aims to assist Ukrainian businesses and citizens to safely navigate developments in AI. Notably, the roadmap anticipates a draft regulation on AI similar to the AI Act of the European Union which will come into effect in 2024. In particular, the roadmap adopts a bottom-up approach to foster a self-regulation culture. The roadmap also ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-13", "title": "FCA investigation into Equifax regarding data breach", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/equifax-ltd-fine-cyber-security-breach", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) issued a ruling in its investigation into Equifax, imposing a GBP 11'164'000 fine concerning the company's 2017 data breach where cyber-hackers accessed the personal data of more than 13.8 million people in the UK. The Authority found that the cyberattack and unauthorised access to data was entirely preventable and that Equifax failed to properly manage customers' data in the face of known security flaws, especially in terms of data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Ofcom guidance on record keeping and review under the Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/record-keeping-and-review-guidance.pdf?v=387551", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published guidance on record keeping and review in accordance with the provisions of the Online Safety Act. The Act stipulates that user-generated content platforms and search service providers are obliged to maintain written records of their risk assessments and the measures they have taken to comply with their online safety obligations. In the event that alternative measures are adopted instead of those outlined in Ofcom's Codes of P...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Ofcom Safety Enforcement Guidance under the Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/online-safety-enforcement-guidance.pdf?v=387566", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the enforcement guidance under the Online Safety Act. This guidance explains Ofcom's standard approach to enforcing compliance when it identifies potential breaches of obligations by service providers, individuals, or third parties under the Act. Moreover, the guidance delineates the obligations and requirements for service providers and relevant third parties, including those pertaining to the prohibition of illegal content,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Establishment of AI Authority in UK Artificial Intelligence Regulation Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3519/stages", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Bill was rejected automatically following the dissolution of Parliament. The Bill would have defined AI as technology enabling the programming or training of a device or software to perceive environments, interpret data using automated processing, and make recommendations, predictions or decisions. The Bill would have introduced AI principles such as safety, security and robustness, transparency and explainability, fairness, account...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Data Transparency Regulation in UK Artificial Intelligence Regulation Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3519/stages", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Bill was rejected automatically following the dissolution of Parliament. The Bill would have defined AI as technology enabling the programming or training of a device or software to perceive environments, interpret data using automated processing, and make recommendations, predictions or decisions. The Bill would have introduced AI principles such as safety, security and robustness, transparency and explainability, fairness, account...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Provisions related to copyright in UK Artificial Intelligence Regulation Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3519/stages", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Bill was rejected automatically following the dissolution of Parliament. The Bill would have defined AI as technology enabling the programming or training of a device or software to perceive environments, interpret data using automated processing, and make recommendations, predictions or decisions. The Bill would have introduced AI principles such as safety, security and robustness, transparency and explainability, fairness, account...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "AI Labelling Obligations in UK Artificial Intelligence Regulation Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3519/stages", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Bill was rejected automatically following the dissolution of Parliament. The Bill would have defined AI as technology enabling the programming or training of a device or software to perceive environments, interpret data using automated processing, and make recommendations, predictions or decisions. The Bill would have introduced AI principles such as safety, security and robustness, transparency and explainability, fairness, account...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "UK government source on Microsoft and OpenAI competition review (2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsoft-slash-openai-partnership-merger-inquiry", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-05-03 for United Kingdom concerning CMA investigation into the partnership between Microsoft and OpenAI. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-14", "title": "Ofcom report on video-sharing platform minor protections", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/273224/vsp-child-safety-report.pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2023, the UK Office of Communications (OFCOM) published its report on the measures adopted by UK-based video-sharing platforms (VSPs) TikTok, Twitch, and Snap to protect minor users. The report finds that, even though all three VSPs limit the creation of accounts to users over 13, it is still possible for them to circumvent this by inputting a false date of birth, while the efficacy of the tools aimed at detecting this is unclear. Additionally, while TikTok and Snap require use...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "ICO inquiry on lawful basis for web scraping to train generative AI models", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/what-we-do/our-work-on-artificial-intelligence/response-to-the-consultation-series-on-generative-ai-0-0.pdf", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) updated its guidance on applying data protection law to the development and use of generative AI models following a public consultation. The guidance highlights that data collection methods other than web scraping, such as directly licensing personal data from publishers, could be used to support AI development. Developers must demonstrate the necessity of web scraping and improve transparency, including providing clear inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-18", "title": "Data Protection Compliance in ICO Updated Opinion on Age Assurance for the Children's Code", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/01/ico-publishes-updated-commissioner-s-opinion-on-age-assurance-for-the-children-s-code/", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published an update of the 2021 Opinion on Data Protection Compliance in Age Assurance. The text outlines the main principles and requirements of data protection in the context of age assurance. It describes the four main approaches to age assurance. Furthermore, the Opinion emphasises the importance of embedding data protection into the design of products, services, and applications, and the need for a clear understanding of the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-04", "title": "Cyber Governance Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cyber-governance-code-of-practice", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology published the Cyber Governance Code of Practice to support boards and directors in managing cyber security risks. The code outlines critical governance actions for directors, emphasising the integration of cyber risk management into broader enterprise risk management. The code includes identifying and prioritising critical technology processes, defining cyber risk appetite, ensuring supplier cyber resilience, and develo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-14", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guide to sharing information to safeguard children", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/01/new-ico-campaign-promotes-sharing-data-to-safeguard-children/", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted a guide to sharing information to safeguard children aimed at promoting responsible data sharing. The guide aims to clarify the data protection laws and the legal framework that enables the sharing of personal information when necessary to protect children and young people. The guide includes 10 steps that organisations can follow, including information on risk assessment, data sharing agreements, the lawful basis for d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-03", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office Enterprise Data Strategy", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-enterprise-data-strategy/", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation on the new Enterprise Data Strategy (EDS). The EDS is designed to guide the ICO's corporate, regulatory, and strategic priorities using data. The ICO's data management strategy encompasses five main areas: operational framework and delivery models for data, stringent data governance and quality standards, fostering a data-centric culture and literacy within the organisation, enhancing capabilities and expert...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "Ministry of Digital Transformation Recommendations for the Responsible use of Artificial Intelligence in the Media", "url": "https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/mintsyfry-razom-z-partneramy-ta-profilnymy-ekspertamy-rozrobylo-rekomendatsii-dlia-media-iak-vidpovidalno-vykorystovuvaty-shtuchnyi-intelekt", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Ministry of Digital Transformation published recommendations for the responsible use of artificial intelligence in the media. These recommendations are designed to acquaint Ukrainian journalists with contemporary global practices in this domain. Core principles outlined encompass ensuring transparency in AI system deployment, distinguishing between authored and AI-generated content, giving precedence to the human element in content creation, and advocating for media se...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "title": "Guidance on Introduction to AI Assurance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-to-ai-assurance", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the UK Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology adopted a Guidance document entitled 'Introduction to AI Assurance'. The Guidance aims to help organisations understand how AI assurance techniques can be used to ensure the safe and responsible development and deployment of AI systems. It defines 'AI Assurance' as a means of assessing and communicating the trustworthiness of AI systems. The Guidance introduces important concepts and terms related to AI assurance, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-04", "title": "ICO Inquiry on purpose limitation in the generative AI lifecycle", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/our-work-on-artificial-intelligence/generative-ai-second-call-for-evidence/", "description": "On 12 April 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation on purpose limitation in the generative AI lifecycle. The consultation aimed to provide clarity on how the principle of purpose limitation, which requires transparency regarding the purposes for which personal data is processed, can be incorporated into different stages of the generative AI lifecycle. The ICO''s position, on which it sought stakeholder input, is that clear purposes should be formulated for e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-03", "title": "Ofcom Enforcement Programme on Age Verification Measures for Adult Video Sharing Platforms", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2024/two-websites-introduce-age-assurance-measures-for-adult-content", "description": "On 8 March 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced that following inquiries, the platforms SoSpoilt and Xpanded implemented measures for preventing children from accessing pornographic content hosted on their sites. Both platforms, which host livestream services for adult content, now require users to verify their age before accessing adult content. Methods include providing verifiable credit card details, allowing an age estimation tool to determine the user's age, submitting va...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "2024-2025 Children's Code Strategy", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-children-s-code-strategy-call-for-evidence/", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office closed its consultation on the Children’s Code Strategy. The consultation covers the use of children’s personal information in recommender systems including how their information is being used to design these systems to recommend content to children on SMPs and VSPs. Furthermore, the consultation addresses the use of personal information of children under 13 years old including evidence about the effectiveness of profiling techniq...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "title": "ICO agreement to join Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/04/ico-joins-global-data-protection-and-privacy-enforcement-programme/", "description": "On 4 April 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) signed an agreement to join the Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement (Global CAPE). Under the Global CAPE, the parties cooperate in cross-border data protection and privacy enforcement. As part of the Global CAPE, the ICO will be able to provide assistance in investigations and share information with member countries without entering into separate memorandums of understanding with each nation. By signing the agreem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "title": "US-Ukraine Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Cybersecurity", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2242", "description": "On 4 April 2024, the US Department of the Treasury and the National Bank of Ukraine signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) relating to Cooperation in Cybersecurity. The MoU represents a renewal of the MoU on cybersecurity and operational resilience, which was first established in 2020. The MoU aims to enhance the operational resilience of both nations' financial sectors through the continuous exchange of information on cybersecurity threats. The renewed MoU aims to promote transparency, v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-27", "title": "CMA investigation into partnership between Amazon and Anthropic", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66f680eec71e42688b65eda0/Summary_of_phase_1_decision.pdf", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) announced the closure of its merger inquiry regarding the partnership between Amazon and Anthropic (phase 1 investigation). The CMA initially launched its investigation into the partnership between Amazon and Anthropic PBC to advance generative artificial intelligence, with Amazon becoming Anthropic’s main cloud provider for certain workloads, including agreements for purchasing computing capacity and commitments to make Ant...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-05", "title": "Information Commissioner Office inquiry into cyber security incidents and their reporting", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/05/organisations-must-do-more-to-combat-the-growing-threat-of-cyber-attacks/", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the United Kingdom Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a report on cyber security incidents and their reporting. The report highlights common security issues, such as phishing scams and misconfigured settings, emphasising the importance of foundational controls. The report aims to help organisations to mitigate risks and prevent future breaches. The ICO stresses the necessity for transparency and offers support to organisations in enhancing their cybersecurity syste...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-08", "title": "AI Cyber Security Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/call-for-views-on-the-cyber-security-of-ai", "description": "On 9 August 2024, the Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology (DSIT) closes the public consultation on the artificial intelligence (AI) Cyber Security Code of Practice. The voluntary code is designed to guide stakeholders through principles-based cybersecurity practices, addressing the secure design, development, deployment, and maintenance of AI systems. The consultation seeks to gather feedback from stakeholders on the interventions outlined and explore additional policy options ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-05", "title": "Software Security Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/software-security-code-of-practice", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) published the voluntary Software Security Code of Practice. The Code was developed in partnership with the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, and a group of technical, industry, and academic experts. It sets out 14 principles to establish a consistent baseline of software security and resilience across the market. The principles are grouped under 4 themes, namely secure d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "Measures for new uses of data in Digital Information and Smart Data Bill", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6697f5c10808eaf43b50d18e/The_King_s_Speech_2024_background_briefing_notes.pdf", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the Digital Information and Smart Data Bill was announced in the King's Speech. The Government explained that the Bill would, among other things, enable new innovative uses of data to be safely developed and deployed. These new uses would include the establishment of Digital Verification Services, the development of a National Underground Asset Register, and the setting up of Smart Data Schemes. Additionally, under the new Bill, scientists would be able to ask for broad conse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Digital Information and Smart Data Bill", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6697f5c10808eaf43b50d18e/The_King_s_Speech_2024_background_briefing_notes.pdf", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the Digital Information and Smart Data Bill was announced in the King's Speech. The Government explained that the Bill would, among other things, include reformations of the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). Specifically, it was announced that the ICO would be modernised and strengthened. The ICO would be transformed into a more contemporary regulatory structure, with a CEO, board, and chair, and would be granted new, stronger powers. This would be accompanied by targe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "title": "CMA investigation into partnership between Alphabet Inc. (Google LLC) and Anthropic", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/673c56a45aadb65be090fdad/Summary_of_phase_1_decision.pdf", "description": "On 19 November 2024, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) closed its phase 1 investigation into the partnership between Alphabet (Google LLC) and Anthropic. The CMA found that the partnership did not qualify for further investigation under the merger provisions of Section 22 of the Enterprise Act 2002. The CMA determined that Google has not acquired material influence over Anthropic as a result of the partnership. It considered Google's commercial relationship with Anthropic through t...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "OFCOM Guidance on transparency reporting for online platforms", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-draft-transparency-reporting-guidance/main-docs/final-transparency-guidance.pdf?v=400422", "description": "On 21 July, the Office of Communications (OfCom) adopted the online safety transparency reporting guidance. The guidance applies to providers of categorised online services, including user-to-user and search services. It requires them to publish annual transparency reports on illegal and harmful content, user exposure, safety systems, user controls, and compliance measures, with a particular focus on protecting children. The reporting obligations are tailored based on service risks, user char...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-08", "title": "Ofcom letter to UK online service providers on the increased risk of platform misuse for hate, violence, and legal offences", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/open-letter-to-uk-online-service-providers/", "description": "On 7 August 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued an open letter to online service providers operating in the United Kingdom in light of recent acts of violence. The letter outlines the increased risk of platforms being used to incite violence, hatred, and other offences under UK law. Ofcom highlighted existing regulations under which UK-based video-sharing platforms are required to protect users from content likely to incite violence or hatred. Furthermore, the upcoming Online Sa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-26", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into Advanced Computer Software Group's compliance with cybersecurity regulations", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/03/software-provider-fined-3m-following-2022-ransomware-attack/", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) imposed a monetary penalty of GBP 3.07 million on Advanced Computer Software Group Limited for violations of the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). The enforcement action stemmed from a ransomware incident in August 2022 that compromised personal data relating to 79'404 individuals, including medical records and home access information for 890 care recipients. The ICO's investigation identified deficien...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-15", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office assessment of Meta's ad-free subscription service", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/08/ico-statement-on-metas-ad-free-subscription-service/", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a statement noting that following discussions with Meta, it is assessing how United Kingdom data protection laws would impact the implementation of a potential ad-free subscription service. Furthermore, Ico stated that it expects Meta to address and resolve any data protection issues it identifies before launching such a subscription service for users in the UK.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-20", "title": "ICO assessment of LinkedIn's AI Data Policy in the UK", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/09/our-statement-on-changes-to-linkedin-ai-data-policy/", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the UK's Data Protection Authority, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) welcomed LinkedIn's decision to stop the use of UK users' data for training generative AI models and noted that will continue to assess the company’s privacy policy. The decision is part of the ICO's broader efforts to ensure that the development of generative AI technologies respects the privacy rights of UK citizens. The ICO highlighted the importance of public trust in the use of their dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-10", "title": "ICO Data protection audit framework", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/advice-and-services/audits/data-protection-audit-framework/", "description": "On 7 October 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published a Data protection audit framework designed to assist organisations in evaluating their compliance with key data protection requirements. The framework offers businesses in the public, private, and third sectors a structured way to assess and enhance their data protection practices. The framework includes nine toolkits, covering accountability, records management, information and cyber security, training and awareness, da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-10", "title": "US-UK Joint Statement on Child Online Safety", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/10/us-uk-joint-statement-child-online-safety", "description": "On 10 October 2024, the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States of America jointly issued a joint statement concerning online safety for children. A joint working group will be constituted with the objective of addressing existing concerns and ensuring the implementation of age-appropriate safeguards across online platforms. The stated intention is to ensure that providers of online platforms implement age-appropriate safeguards and measures to protect children from exposure t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-16", "title": "DSIT inquiry into Online Safety Act implementation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/tackling-illegal-content-online-and-implementation-of-the-online-safety-act/tackling-illegal-content-online-and-implementation-of-the-online-safety-act-letter-from-dsit-secretary-of-state", "description": "On 16 October 2024, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) launched an inquiry into the implementation of the Online Safety Act. The inquiry focuses on ensuring online platforms implement risk assessments for illegal content, particularly harmful materials such as hate speech and disinformation, and robust protections for children against harmful content such as pornography and self-harm material. The DSIT highlighted supporting the Office of Communications (Ofcom) enfor...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Data (Use and Access) Bill", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/contents", "description": "On 5 February 2026, data protection provisions in the Data (Use and Access) Act enter into force as provided for in the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026. The newly effective provisions amend the UK GDPR, supplying additional criteria for determining whether controllers or processors can rely on legitimate interest as a legal basis for processing personal data, as well as whether further processing can be considered com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection authority governance in Data (Use and Access) Bill", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/contents", "description": "On 5 February 2026, provisions on new investigatory powers for the Information Commissioner in the Data (Use and Access) Act enter into force as provided for in the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 6 and Transitional and Saving Provisions) Regulations 2026. The newly effective provisions amend the Data Protection Act 2018, giving the Commissioner the power to require controllers or processors to commission a third-party report on a relevant matter. The Commissioner will also b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into DSG Retail concerning alleged data protection violations", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/dsg-retail-limited-v-the-information-commissioner/", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Court of Appeal allowed an appeal by the Information Commissioner in proceedings against DSG Retail concerning the scope of the security duty under section 4(4) and the Seventh Data Protection Principle of the Data Protection Act 1998. The case arose from a cyber-attack between 2017 and 2018 in which attackers scraped transaction data from point-of-sale systems, affecting approximately 5.6 million payment cards. In most cases, the attackers obtained card numbers and e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-11", "title": "UK Information Commissioner source on AI use in recruitment (2024)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/audits-and-overview-reports/ai-tools-in-recruitment/", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-05-11 for United Kingdom concerning ICO inquiry into data protection compliance in AI tools in recruitment. See the linked ico.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's AI management essentials tool", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/672a5706094e4e60c466d19f/AI_Management_Essentials_tool_Self-Assessment.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) closes a public consultation on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Management Essentials (AIME) tool. The consultation seeks feedback from organisations, particularly start-ups and small and medium enterprises developing or using AI systems. AIME is a self-assessment tool designed to support organisations in establishing responsible AI management practices by listing and elaborating on principles from existing AI r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-11", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology inquiry into AI assurance market", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/672a2ca440f7da695c921b7c/Assuring_a_Responsible_Future_for_AI.pdf", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) published a report on the UK's Artificial Intelligence (AI) assurance market. The report highlighted that there are currently 524 firms generating GBP 1.01 billion in revenue and employing 12,572 people in the AI assurance market. It was highlighted that the market faces challenges such as low consumer awareness of AI risks, limited infrastructure, and fragmented governance frameworks, which restrict growth an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-11", "title": "Ofcom guidance on Online Safety Act's applicability to Generative AI and chatbots", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/open-letter-to-uk-online-service-providers-regarding-generative-ai-and-chatbots/", "description": "On 8 November 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued an open letter to online service providers providing guidance and detailing the Online Safety Act’s applicability to Generative AI and chatbots. The guidance clarifies that platforms allowing user interactions through Generative AI-generated content, including images, videos, and text, are considered “user-to-user services” and thus fall under the Act's regulations. Additionally, services enabling users to create and share AI-gen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Competition and Markets Authority inquiry into dynamic pricing", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dynamic-pricing-project-update/update-dynamic-pricing", "description": "On 20 June 2025, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) issued an update on its inquiry into dynamic pricing. The CMA’s update outlined various risks, including the potential for consumers to be misled, disadvantaged, or unfairly treated, especially when pricing algorithms are opaque or when consumers are unaware that prices are fluctuating based on their behaviour or other factors. The CMA found that some consumers may not realise they are being charged different prices for the same pro...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-18", "title": "Science, Innovation and Technology Committee inquiry into role of social media algorithms and generative AI in spreading harmful content", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/work/8641/social-media-misinformation-and-harmful-algorithms/news/203870/what-are-the-links-between-social-media-algorithms-generative-ai-and-the-spread-of-harmful-content-online/", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the United Kingdom Parliament, through its Science, Innovation and Technology Committee, closes the public consultation on its inquiry into the role of social media algorithms and generative AI in spreading harmful content. The inquiry aims to assess the relationship between social media algorithms, generative AI, and the proliferation of harmful and false content online. This inquiry was initiated in response to a series of anti-immigration demonstrations and riots durin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "IPO, DSIT and DCMS inquiry into copyright and Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Intellectual Property Office (IPO), Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), and Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) closes the consultation on the UK’s legal framework for artificial intelligence (AI). The consultation aims to gather information and proposals to support trust and transparency between sectors, enhancing rights holders’ control over their work and the ability to receive payment for its use in model training and ensuring AI d...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-14", "title": "ICO updated guidance on storage and access technologies", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-updated-guidance-on-storage-and-access-technologies/", "description": "On 14 March 2025, the consultation on the Information Commissioner's Office's (ICO) updated guidance for the use of storage and access technologies closes. The draft guidance aims to provide regulatory certainty on compliant practices and consent mechanisms for using storage and/or access to information on devices. It covers various technologies, including cookies and device fingerprinting, clarifies policy positions, and uses a \"must/should/could\" framework for enhanced clarity. The draft gu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "ICO investigation into Google's use of fingerprinting in advertising compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/12/our-response-to-google-s-policy-change-on-fingerprinting/", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) announced its intention to challenge Google's proposed policy change, which will allow organisations using its advertising technology to employ fingerprinting techniques from 16 February 2025. Fingerprinting involves collecting information about a device’s software or hardware to uniquely identify users and devices. The ICO highlighted that such tracking must comply with data protection laws, including transparency and user cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Office of Communications guidance on highly effective age assurance and other Part 5 duties", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-age-assurance-and-childrens-access/guidance-on-highly-effective-age-assurance-and-other-part-5-duties.pdf?v=388810", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued statutory guidance to assist providers of internet services who display or publish their own pornographic content in complying with their regulatory duties set out in Section 81 under Part 5 of the Online Safety Act 2023. The guidance mandates the use of highly effective age assurance methods, such as age verification or estimation, to prevent children from accessing such content. It outlines criteria for assessing whether a serv...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-02", "title": "Law criminalising child sexual abuse material generated by artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "On 2 February 2025, the Home Office announced new legislation to criminalise artificial intelligence (AI) tools used to generate sexualised images of children. The law would apply to individuals and entities involved in creating, distributing, or possessing AI-generated child sexual abuse material. It introduces penalties of up to five years in prison for using AI to produce such images, up to three years for possessing AI-generated \"paedophile manuals,\" and up to 10 years for operating platf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-31", "title": "Design Requirements in AI Cyber Security Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ai-cyber-security", "description": "On 31 January 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) issued the AI Cyber Security Code of Practice. The Code of Practice consists of 13 principles, including design requirements. These principles emphasise the necessity of designing AI systems with robust security features, securing supply chains and third-party components, and embedding security into system development. In addition, organisations are encouraged to implement strong access controls and conduct ethic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology International Artificial Intelligence safety report 2025", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-ai-safety-report-2025", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) adopted the International Artificial Intelligence (AI) safety report 2025. The report provides an overview of the capabilities and risks associated with general-purpose AI. It highlights the rapid advancements in AI, including the ability to generate code and create photorealistic images. It also addresses emerging risks including biased outputs, privacy concerns, and AI-enabled threats. The report discusses the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-06", "title": "Home Office Notices Regime Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notices-regime-code-of-practice", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Notices Regime Code of Practice entered into force. The Code applies to telecommunications operators and other entities that may be subject to data retention, technical capability, national security, or notification notices. It provides statutory guidance on the issuance, compliance, and review of such notices under Part 4 and sections 249 and 252 to 258B of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act. It details the obligations they may impose, including retaining specific dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Office of Communication guidance on women and girls' online safety for user-to-user services implementing Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-on-draft-guidance-a-safer-life-online-for-women-and-girls/statement-docs/statement-guidance-on-a-safer-life-online-for-women-and-girls.pdf?v=408227", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted guidance for technology firms to improve the online safety of women and girls. The guidance is designed to assist such firms with the execution of their obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023, which makes platforms (such as social media, gaming services, and dating apps) legally responsible for protecting UK citizens from illegal content and content harmful to children, including harms that disproportionately impact women...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into TikTok, Reddit, and Imgur's use of children's data in United Kingdom", "url": "", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) fined Reddit GBP 14.47 million for failing to use children’s personal information lawfully under the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). The ICO found that Reddit failed to conduct a data protection impact assessment prior to January 2025 to assess and mitigate risks to children. Reddit also neglected to apply age verification mechanisms and therefore could not lawfully process the personal information of children u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-03", "title": "Office of Communications' Online Safety Act enforcement programme", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/enforcing-the-online-safety-act-scrutinising-illegal-harms-risk-assessments/", "description": "On 3 March 2025, the UK's Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced an enforcement program to ensure compliance with the UK's Online Safety Act, requiring certain online services, including large platforms and smaller high-risk sites, to submit illegal harms risk assessments by 31 March 2025. Providers must evaluate the likelihood of users encountering illegal content and document their findings. Ofcom has issued formal requests for these services and is prepared to take enforcement action, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Establishment of AI Authority under Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Act 2025 (HL Bill 76)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill was introduced to the House of Lords. The Bill would require the Secretary of State to establish an AI Authority. The AI Authority will be responsible for monitoring AI risks, coordinating legislative reviews, supporting innovation through testbeds and sandbox initiatives, accrediting independent AI auditors, and ensuring alignment with international regulatory frameworks. The Bill sets out the guiding principles for the regulatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Design requirements in Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Act 2025 (HL Bill 76)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill was introduced to the House of Lords, outlining regulatory principles for the AI Authority to ensure AI systems are safe, transparent, fair, accountable, and contestable. Companies developing or using AI would be required to comply with data protection, privacy, and intellectual property laws. The AI Authority would also collaborate with regulators to establish regulatory sandboxes, enabling companies to test AI innovations in con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Measures establishing regulatory sandboxes in Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Act 2025 (HL Bill 76)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill was introduced to the House of Lords. The Bill would set out regulatory principles for the AI Authority to ensure that AI systems are safe, transparent, fair, accountable and contestable, while companies developing or using AI would need to comply with data protection, privacy and intellectual property laws. In addition, the AI Authority would work with regulators to create regulatory sandboxes that allow companies to test AI inno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Intellectual property provisions in Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Act 2025 (HL Bill 76)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill was introduced to the House of Lords. The Bill would require the Secretary of State, in consultation with the AI Authority, to establish regulations requiring anyone involved in AI training to record all third-party data and intellectual property (IP) used, and to ensure compliance with informed consent and copyright laws. In addition, companies providing AI-related products or services would be required to provide clear health wa...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on anonymisation techniques for data protection", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/data-sharing/anonymisation/about-this-guidance/", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted a guidance on anonymisation under the United Kingdom's data protection framework. The guidance addresses the use of anonymisation and pseudonymisation by organisations processing personal data, including in sectors such as healthcare, artificial intelligence development and public sector transparency. In particular, the guidance sets out the distinction between anonymisation and pseudonymisation, outlines the concept of ide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office inquiry into Children's Data Protection in Financial Services Sector", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/audits-and-overview-reports/2025/04/children-s-data-in-financial-services/", "description": "On 1 April 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) concluded its national inquiry into how children's data is handled by service providers in the United Kingdom's financial services sector. The inquiry examined data protection practices, governance measures, transparency, and the safeguarding of individual rights, particularly focusing on children. The review identified prevalent good practices, and potential risks, and recommended improvements for ensuring compliance with establish...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-24", "title": "Office of Communications' Guidance on Content Harmful to Children", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-protecting-children-from-harms-online/main-document/guidance-on-content-harmful-to-children.pdf?v=395445", "description": "On 24 April 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Guidance on Content Harmful to Children, providing examples and contextual information for providers of regulated user-to-user and search services to comply with their duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. This guidance outlines the types of content defined in the Act as harmful to children, including pornographic content, suicide content, self-harm content, eating disorder content, abuse and hate content, bullying conten...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-24", "title": "Office of Communications' Children's Online Safety Glossary", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-protecting-children-from-harms-online/main-document/childrens-register-of-risks-glossary.pdf?v=395456", "description": "On 24 April 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Children’s Online Safety Glossary, providing definitions and explanations for terms used throughout the Children's Register of Risks and the Guidance on Content Harmful to Children, and other statement documents. This glossary is designed to assist readers in understanding the terms and phrases, ensuring standardised usage and reference. It includes definitions for general terms, functionalities, business models, user base c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Office of Communications's Online Information Advisory Committee", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/structure-and-leadership/ofcom-establishes-online-information-advisory-committee", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) established the Online Information Advisory Committee per the requirement under the United Kingdom's Online Safety Act. The Committee has been established to offer expert advice concerning misinformation and disinformation management. As a governing body within Ofcom, it is chaired by a non-executive member of the Ofcom Board and consists of five members appointed for a three-year term starting on 1 May 2025. The Committee is tasked with ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Unilateral conduct regulation recommendations in AI 2030 Scenarios report", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6808fc002a86d6dfb2b52772/AI_2030_Scenarios_Report.pdf", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Government Office for Science published the AI 2030 Scenarios report as part of a broader series on Frontier AI: Capabilities and Risks. These guidelines for policymakers identify the possibility of a small number of technology firms exercising significant control over Frontier AI systems. In this context, the report indicates that policymakers should consider the role of unilateral conduct regulation in addressing market dynamics, including behaviours such as preferenti...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "User rights recommendations in AI 2030 Scenarios report", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6808fc002a86d6dfb2b52772/AI_2030_Scenarios_Report.pdf", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Government Office for Science published the AI 2030 Scenarios report as part of a broader series on Frontier AI: Capabilities and Risks. These guidelines for policymakers highlight the relevance of user and subject rights as AI systems become more integrated into decision-making and information environments. The report notes that enabling individuals to understand, challenge, or opt out of AI-driven decisions may be an important consideration in the development of govern...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Data protection regulation recommendations in the AI 2030 Scenarios report", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6808fc002a86d6dfb2b52772/AI_2030_Scenarios_Report.pdf", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Government Office for Science published the AI 2030 Scenarios report as part of a broader series on Frontier AI: Capabilities and Risks. These guidelines for policymakers underline the importance of data protection regulation in the context of advancing AI capabilities. As the volume and sensitivity of data processed by AI models increase, the report points to data governance as an area where policymakers may need to review standards for privacy, data use, and cross-bord...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on encryption as a data protection measure", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/05/consultation-on-new-encryption-guidance/", "description": "On 24 June 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) will close its public consultation on the draft updated guidance on encryption under the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). The guidance is aimed at data controllers, processors, and in particular data protection officers across all sectors. It explains when encryption constitutes an appropriate technical and organisational measure to safeguard personal data, noting that failure to implement it where necessary may resu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "Financial Conduct Authority inquiry into AI Live Testing", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/call-for-input/ai-testing-pilot-engagement-paper.pdf", "description": "On 10 June 2025, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) closes its consultation on the proposed AI Live Testing service. Feedback was collected via online form, email, and postal submission to the FCA’s Advanced Analytics team. The FCA will review the responses to inform the final design of the pilot, which is expected to begin in summer 2025. The initiative aims to support the responsible deployment of advanced AI models in live UK financial markets. Insights from the consultation will hel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "title": "Office of Communications guidance under Online Safety Act on tackling violent content related to knife crime", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/how-the-online-safety-act-will-help-to-tackle-knife-crime", "description": "On 20 May 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted guidance on the applicability of the Online Safety Act for tackling violent content and the sale of illegal weapons, specifically addressing the link to knife crime and the risk to young people. Under the Online Safety Act, online services, including those offering e-commerce, user-generated content, and search functions, must protect users in the United Kingdom from content related to the sale of illegal knives and weapons, as well...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-06", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre principles on cyber security", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/cyber-security-culture-principles", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the National Cyber Security Centre published security principles intended to support effective cybersecurity practices across all sectors. The principles promote a strategic approach that includes leadership responsibility, organisational change. They present a framework for understanding and managing cybersecurity culture, encouraging organisations to view cybersecurity as an enabler of operational goals. The guidance highlights the importance of adapting to changing threats ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-06", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office Artificial intelligence and biometrics strategy", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/06/information-commissioner-people-must-trust-their-data-is-protected-in-the-age-of-ai/", "description": "On 5 June 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published its strategy on artificial intelligence (AI) and biometrics. The strategy outlines how organisations can use AI and biometric technologies in accordance with data protection law. It sets out the ICO’s expectations, clarifies the application of data protection requirements, and aims to support effective governance and the responsible use of personal data. The strategy states that the ICO plans to introduce a statutory code o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-06", "title": "Office of Communications approach to artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/annual-reports-and-plans/supporting-and-harnessing-ai-innovation-safely", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) set out its approach to supporting the safe innovation and use of artificial intelligence (AI) across the sectors it regulates, including online platforms, broadcasters, and telecoms companies. Ofcom noted that it aims to create conditions for innovation while mitigating risks to protect consumers, stating its approach is to support growth, safeguard the public, and lead by example in its own use of AI. Ofcom noted its regulation is general...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Financial Conduct Authority prudential regime for cryptoasset firms under Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 (CP25/15)", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/consultation-papers/cp25-15-prudential-regime-cryptoasset-firms", "description": "On 31 July 2025, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) closes its consultation on a prudential regime for cryptoasset firms (CP25/15). The consultation sets out proposed rules under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 for cryptoasset firms subject to FCA authorisation, excluding detailed requirements on stablecoin issuance and custody (covered under CP25/14). The proposals introduce 2 sourcebooks: COREPRU, containing core prudential standards applicable to all regulated firms and C...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into 4chan over alleged failure to comply with illegal content duties under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-4chan-and-its-compliance-with-duties-to-protect-its-users-from-illegal-content", "description": "On 19 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued a confirmation decision under section 132 of the Online Safety Act 2023 against 4chan Community Support LLC in relation to 4chan.org, following the provisional notice of contravention issued on 12 February 2026 under section 130 of the Online Safety Act 2023. Ofcom determined that 4chan failed to comply with three duties under the Online Safety Act 2023, resulting in total penalties of GBP 520'000. Firstly, under section 9(2), Ofco...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into First Time Videos over alleged failure to implement highly effective age assurance to prevent children from accessing pornography", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/investigation-into-whether-first-time-videos-llc-has-failed-to-comply-with-the-online-safety-act-2023", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued a provisional notice of contravention to First Time Videos, the operator of FTVGirls and FTVMilfs, for alleged non-compliance with section 81 of the Online Safety Act 2023. Ofcom opened the investigation on 10 June 2025 as part of a broader enforcement programme into age assurance measures across the adult content sector. Section 81 requires providers of services falling under Part 5 of the Online Safety Act 2023 to ensure, through...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "title": "UK's Modern Industrial Strategy (CP1337)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-strategy", "description": "On 23 June 2025, the UK Government adopted the UK's Modern Industrial Strategy (CP 1337). The 10-year plan aims to support sustainable economic growth by targeting 8 high-potential sectors: Advanced Manufacturing, Clean Energy Industries, Creative Industries, Defence, Digital and Technologies, Financial Services, Life Sciences, and Professional and Business Services. The strategy identifies barriers to competitiveness, including high industrial electricity prices, regulatory complexity, and s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "title": "UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: Professional and Business Services Sector Plan", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/professional-and-business-services-sector-plan", "description": "On 23 June 2025, the UK Government released the Modern Industrial Strategy: Professional and Business Services (PBS) Sector Plan. The plan outlines a framework to support growth and innovation within the PBS sector and to position the United Kingdom as a globally trusted provider of professional services with a highly dynamic and productive sector by 2035. Initiatives include the introduction of a technology adoption programme targeting high-growth potential PBS small and medium-sized enterpr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "Office of Communications guidance on age verification requirements for online adult content services", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/age-checks-for-online-safety--what-you-need-to-know-as-a-user", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) released guidance outlining that providers of pornographic content should implement robust age verification by 25 July 2025, in accordance with the requirements of the Online Safety Act. This follows Ofcom’s April 2025 publication of the Protection of Children Codes and Children’s Risk Assessment Guidance, which requires platforms likely to be accessed by children to complete risk assessments within three months and enforce protective meas...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-20", "title": "Office of Communications guidance on proactive technology measures", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-online-safety---additional-safety-measures/annexes/annex-6---draft-guidance-to-proactive-technology-measures.pdf?v=399379", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes its consultation on the draft guidance on proactive technology measures. The guidance aims to assist providers of regulated user-to-user services in implementing proactive technology for detecting illegal content and content harmful to children. It outlines criteria for assessing proactive technology, including the use of high-quality data, addressing biases, evaluating performance, safeguarding against misuse, contextual testing...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-20", "title": "Office of Communications amended Guidance on Chapter 4 of the Illegal Content Judgements", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-online-safety---additional-safety-measures/annexes/annex-11---proposed-amendments-to-the-illegal-content-judgements-guidance.pdf?v=399381", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes its consultation on proposed amendments to Chapter 4 of the Illegal Content Judgements Guidance, which was initiated on 30 June 2025. The amendments enhance the guidelines for identifying and handling illegal content related to child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA). They introduce new paragraphs and boxes on 'Usage examples' and 'Reasonably available information for user-to-user services'. The guidance outlines the duty of p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "UK government source on AI governance (2025)", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6878b4b80263c35f52e4dce2/Digital_violence_real_world_harm_evaluating_survivor_centric_tools_for_intimate_image_abuse_in_the_age_of_generative_AI.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-07-21 for United Kingdom concerning Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Department for Science, Innovation and Technology inquiry into survivor-centric tools for AI-driven intimate image abuse. See the linked assets.publishing.service.gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's Compute roadmap focusing on Artificial Intelligence infrastructure", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6878b5dda52cca025ef5bd87/uk_compute_roadmap_web_accessible.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-07-17 for United Kingdom concerning Department for Science, Innovation and Technology's Compute roadmap focusing on Artificial Intelligence infrastructure. See the linked assets.publishing.service.gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology Smart Data scheme in digital markets", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/smart-data-opportunities-in-digital-markets/smart-data-opportunities-in-digital-markets", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) closes the public consultation on whether to introduce a Smart Data scheme in digital markets, following the powers granted under the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025. Smart Data involves the secure sharing of consumer or business data with authorised third parties (ATPs) at the request of the customer, enabling new services that can improve outcomes for users and stimulate competition and innovation. The DSIT ex...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on profiling tools for online safety", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/07/feedback-on-guidance-on-profiling-tools-for-online-safety/", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) closes its consultation, which had been open since 30 July 2025, on its guidance on profiling tools for online safety. The guidance outlines data protection and privacy requirements for profiling tools deployed in trust and safety systems, including where they are used to meet the obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023. The consultation was conducted via a structured survey with sections on respondent details, application o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into 8579 LLC's compliance with age assurance obligations under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/investigation-into-8579-llcs-compliance-with-the-duty-to-prevent-children-from-encountering-pornographic-content-through-the-use-of-age-assurance", "description": "On 23 February 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) imposed fines totalling GBP 1.4 million on 8579 LLC under section 132 of the Online Safety Act. The penalties comprise GBP 1.35 million for a breach of section 12 and GBP 50,000 for a breach of section 102(8). Ofcom found that 8579 LLC failed to comply with section 12, which requires providers of Part 3 services to use highly effective age assurance to prevent children from encountering pornographic content. This breach concerned the s...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Law Commission of England and Wales' discussion paper on Artificial Intelligence and the Law", "url": "https://lawcom.gov.uk/news/artificial-intelligence-and-the-law-a-discussion-paper/", "description": "On 31 July 2025, the Law Commission of England and Wales published a discussion paper on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Law to raise awareness of legal challenges posed by AI technologies, relevant to developers, deployers, and users across sectors, including autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and creative industries. The paper examines issues including autonomy, causation, liability, transparency, oversight, training data use, copyright and discrimination. It also focuses on emerging ris...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on application of data protection law to facial recognition technology", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/law-enforcement/live-facial-recognition-technology-data-protection-reminders/", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) released a statement confirming that facial recognition technology (FRT), including live facial recognition (LFR), is subject to data protection law and must be lawful, fair, proportionate, and strictly necessary for law enforcement purposes under Part 3 of the Data Protection Act 2018. The ICO outlined that such processing must have a clearly defined and limited purpose, be supported by key data protection documentation, includin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office framework on handling data protection complaints", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/08/ico-consultation-on-draft-changes-to-how-we-handle-data-protection-complaints/", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closes the consultation on the framework on handling of data protection complaints. The consultation sought inputs on the approach to handling data protection complaints under the United Kingdom's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act of 2018. The framework proposes triage and threshold-based models to prioritise high-impact cases, reduce backlogs, and focus on systemic risks. It was also highli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on distributed ledger technolologies", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/08/ico-consultation-on-draft-guidance-on-distributed-ledger-technolologies/", "description": "On 7 November 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closes the consultation on draft guidance on distributed ledger technologies. The draft guidance clarifies when blockchain is an appropriate tool for processing personal information, emphasising the need to assess whether its specific features are necessary and considering alternatives such as traditional databases. It also covers measures required when using blockchain, such as establishing roles as controller or processor and d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology revised Telecommunications Security Code of Practice 2022", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/proposals-to-update-the-telecommunications-security-code-of-practice-2022?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 22 October 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) closes the consultation on amendments to the Telecommunications Security Code of Practice. The proposed revisions to the 2022 edition of the Code address evolving threats and technologies by strengthening security requirements on public telecommunications providers. The changes expand technical measures for eSIM technology, encryption standards, privileged access workstations, and Application Programming Interfac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Office of Communications guidance on super-complaints under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-draft-guidance-for-super-complaints/main-documents/guidance-super-complaints-under-the-online-safety-act-2023.pdf?v=411749", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) released guidance on super-complaints under the Online Safety Act 2023. The guidance specifies how an eligible entity can submit a written, evidence-backed super-complaint regarding features of regulated services, provider conduct, or both. Such complaints may be made where these features or conduct are, appear to be, or present a material risk of causing significant harm, significantly adversely affecting freedom of expression within ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "United States and United Kingdom's memorandum of understanding on Technology Prosperity Deal", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-government-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-government-of-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-north", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-09-18 for United Kingdom concerning United States and United Kingdom's memorandum of understanding on Technology Prosperity Deal. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "House of Commons Treasury Committee inquiry into Amazon Web Services, Anthropic, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft and OpenAI on use of AI in financial services", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/49556/documents/264019/default/", "description": "On 17 September 2025, the House of Commons Treasury Committee opened an inquiry into Amazon Web Services, Anthropic, Google Cloud, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial services, until 1 October 2025. The inquiry focuses on the impact of AI, auditing systems, transparency, bias prevention, outage preparations, and risk mitigation for market volatility. The inquiry also requests details on interactions with the Bank of England and Financial Conduct Aut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-13", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into DStorage's compliance with duties under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-dstorages-compliance-assurances-to-take-measures-to-prevent-users-from-encountering-or-sharing-child-sexual-abuse-material", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closed its investigation into DStorage, the provider of the file-sharing service 1Fichier, under Sections 9(2), 10(2), and 10(3) of the Online Safety Act 2023. The investigation formed part of Ofcom’s enforcement programme, opened on 17 March 2025, to assess measures adopted by file-sharing and file-storage services that pose heightened risks of exposure to image-based child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Ofcom examined whether DStorage ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre's Cyber Action Toolkit", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/small-businesses-receive-cyber-security-boost-with-new-toolkit-from-experts", "description": "On 14 October 2025, the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) launched the Cyber Action Toolkit, aiming to assist small businesses in strengthening cyber defences. The toolkit is available to traders, micro businesses and small organisations. It offers personalised, step-by-step guidance tailored to size and need. It focuses on simple, high-impact actions and uses gamification to track progress through Foundation, Improver and Enhanced levels.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-23", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Media Act 2024 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2024", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/858/made", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the Secretary of State's Media Act 2024 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2024 including content moderation authority governance entered into force. The Commencement Regulations stipulate that section 39 of the Media Act 2024 shall enter into force on 23 August 2024. Section 39 amends the Communications Act 2003 by giving the Office of Communications (Ofcom) new powers to regulate \"on-demand programme services\". Furthermore, video-on-demand providers not currently regulated ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "title": "Online Safety Act 2023 (Commencement No. 5) (Revocation) Regulations 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1064/pdfs/uksi_20251064_en.pdf", "description": "On 9 October 2025, United Kingdom's Home Office adopted the Online Safety Act 2023 (Commencement No. 5) (Revocation) Regulations 2025, revoking the earlier Commencement No. 5 Regulations that were set to activate provisions requiring certain user-to-user service providers to report child sexual abuse and exploitation content to the National Crime Agency. The revocation implies that the reporting obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023 will no longer take effect on 3 November 2025.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-12", "title": "Office of Communications inquiry into role of app stores in children's online safety under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/call-for-evidence-statutory-reports-on-age-assurance-and-app-stores", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on the statutory report on the role of app stores in children’s online safety under the Online Safety Act 2023. The consultation gathers information on app store governance, age ratings, parental controls, and discoverability systems affecting children’s access to harmful content through regulated applications. Ofcom also invited evidence on age-assurance measures integrated by app stores and their interaction wi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-12", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into children's online privacy in ten popular mobile games", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/12/children-s-online-privacy-in-mobile-games-under-spotlight/", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) opened an investigation into children’s online privacy in ten popular mobile games, announcing a monitoring programme that will assess each game’s compliance with default privacy settings, geolocation controls, targeted advertising practices, and any other privacy issues identified during the review.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Guidance on applicability of Online Safety Act to AI chatbots", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/ai-chatbots-and-online-regulation-what-you-need-to-know", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-12-18 for United Kingdom concerning Guidance on applicability of Online Safety Act to AI chatbots. See the linked ofcom.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Code of practice for regulated television selection services", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/197515-prominence-and-accessibility-on-connected-tv-platforms/main-docs/annex-2---draft-code-of-practice-for-regulated-television-selection-services.pdf?v=410573", "description": "On 25 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the public consultation on the draft code of practice for regulated television selection services. The draft code aims to guide providers of regulated television selection services in meeting their statutory duties regarding appropriate prominence for designated internet programme services and accessibility for persons with disabilities. Under the proposed measures, providers must ensure that public service broadcasters, such as th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into Snap Inc's compliance with illegal content risk assessment and record keeping duties under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/snap-incs-compliance-assurances-to-address-concerns-over-its-illegal-content-risk-assessment-icra-for-snapchat", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) concluded its compliance remediation with Snap regarding Snapchat's illegal content risk assessment obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023. In March 2025, Ofcom launched an enforcement programme under the Act to monitor compliance with duties relating to illegal content risk assessment and record keeping. Ofcom had previously raised concerns that Snap’s assessments did not assign overall risk levels for all priority illegal conten...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of Communications inquiry into impact of artificial intelligence in telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/telecoms-infrastructure/exploring-what-impact-the-adoption-of-artificial-intelligence-could-have-on-the-experience-of-telecoms-customers?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Invitation%20to%20contribute%20Understanding%20how%20people%20and%20businesses%20can%20benefit%20from%20AI%20in%20telecoms%20markets&utm_content=Invitation%20to%20contribute%20Understanding%20how%20people%20and%20businesses%20can%20benefit%20from%20AI%20in%20telecoms%20markets+CID_ccf65c6eda9dc34a11f1212ce044a06a&utm_source=updates&utm_term=inviting%20views", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Office of Communications closes its consultation to contribute evidence on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in United Kingdom telecoms markets. The consultation covers how AI tools are being adopted across the telecoms value chain and the customer journey, and how these uses affect residential and business customers. The work is structured around three questions on how AI tools are being deployed, the risks and opportunities for residential and business custome...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 5) Regulations 2026", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2026/31/made", "description": "On 6 February 2026, the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 5) Regulations 2026 (2026 No. 31 (C. 4)) bring a provision from the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 into force. The Regulations provide for the commencement of Section 138 of the Act, which amends the Sexual Offences Act 2003 to create the new offences of creating or requesting the creation of a purported intimate image of an adult.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "Communications and Digital Committee inquiry into artificial intelligence and copyright", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/work/9394/ai-and-copyright/", "description": "On 3 November 2025, the Communications and Digital Committee of the House of Lords opened an inquiry into artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright. The inquiry examines practical measures that would enable creative rightsholders to reserve and enforce rights in relation to AI systems, the levels of transparency and accountability that can reasonably be expected from AI developers, and how licensing, attribution and labelling tools could support a marketplace for creative content. The inquir...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2026/9780348279054/introduction", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Consequential Amendments and Transitional Provision) Regulations 2026 were laid in draft before the House of Commons and the House of Lords under sections 139(5) and 140(2) and (4) of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025. The draft Regulations provide for consequential amendments and transitional provisions arising from sections 117, 118, and 119 of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, including the establishment of the Information Commissi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Office of Communications statutory report on content harmful to children", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/statutory-report-on-content-harmful-to-children", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on the statutory report on content harmful to children under Section 63 of the Online Safety Act 2023 (OSA). The consultation gathers evidence relating to regulated user-to-user services, search services, and combined services. It covers three categories of content, Primary Priority Content (PPC), Priority Content (PC), and Non-designated Content (NDC). PPC includes pornographic content, content related to suicide,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidance on addressing data protection complaints", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/how-to-deal-with-data-protection-complaints/", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published guidance on addressing data protection complaints under the Data (Use and Access) Act. While the requirements for addressing such complaints under the Act enter into force on 19 June 2026, the guidance outlines recommended practices. The aim of the policy is to ensure that individuals have clear pathways to address concerns regarding the handling of their personal information. The guidance stipulates that organisations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Research and analysis on agentic AI and consumers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/agentic-ai-and-consumers/agentic-ai-and-consumers", "description": "On 9 March 2026, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) released Agentic AI and consumers, a research and analysis paper examining the development of agentic AI in consumer markets. The paper defines agentic AI as systems that can be instructed in natural language to pursue goals autonomously, navigating complexity, planning actions, coordinating across services and executing tasks. Unlike traditional automation or chatbots, such systems interpret information from their environment, deci...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of Communications assessment of Facebook's child protection measures under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/keep-underage-children-off-your-platforms-ofcom-tells-tech-firms", "description": "On 12 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued legally binding information requests to Facebook as part of broader action on Facebook, Instagram, Roblox, Snapchat, TikTok, and YouTube under the Online Safety Act. The requests relate to Facebook’s measures to protect children, including the enforcement of its minimum age policy, the introduction of strict controls to prevent strangers contacting children, the management of algorithmic content promotion to children, and notificat...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "title": "Updated Illegal Content Judgements Guidance under Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/new-priority-offences-serious-self-harm-and-cyberflashing", "description": "On 24 April 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on the Draft for an Update of the Illegal Content Judgements Guidance (relevant extracts) under the Online Safety Act 2023. The draft guidance was issued under section 192 of the Online Safety Act 2023 and supports Part 3 service providers in making illegal content judgements when complying with illegal content risk assessment duties and illegal content safety duties. The draft updates the guidance to reflect the i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "title": "Updated Illegal Content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services under Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/new-priority-offences-serious-self-harm-and-cyberflashing", "description": "On 24 April 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on a draft for an updated Illegal Content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services. The Codes were prepared under the Online Safety Act 2023 and set out recommended measures for providers of Part 3 services to comply with illegal content safety, reporting, and complaints duties. The consultation concerns proposed amendments to the Illegal Harms regulatory documents and guidance under the Online Safety Act 2023 t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Guidance on compatibility and reuse of personal information", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/a-guide-to-lawful-basis/legitimate-interests/?search=marketing", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Information Commissioner's Office issued guidance on the compatibility of reusing personal information under the UK General Data Protection Regulation. It explains how the purpose limitation principle applies when controllers seek to use data for a new purpose. The guidance outlines conditions in Annex 2 under which certain reuses are automatically considered compatible with the original purpose, without requiring a separate assessment. These include, for example, disclo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Guidance on automated decision-making in recruitment", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/03/here-s-what-jobseekers-need-to-know-about-automated-recruitment-decisions/", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published a report and draft guidance on the use of automated decision-making (ADM) in recruitment. The guidance would apply to employers that use automated tools to process job applications and make hiring decisions, including systems that score, rank, or filter candidates without direct human involvement. The draft guidance sets out the ICO's expectations for organisations using ADM in recruitment. Organisations would be required...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "Office of Communications Year 2 Risk Assessment Information Requests under Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/pressing-platforms-to-prioritise-safety-by-design-scrutinising-year-2-risk-assessments", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued formal information requests to more than 30 providers, covering more than 40 services, requiring the submission of Year 2 illegal harms risk assessments and children's risk assessments under the Online Safety Act 2023. The requests were issued to more than 40 of the largest and highest-risk sites and applications operating globally, with more than 70 risk assessments formally requested in total. Providers are required by law to resp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidance on automated decision-making including profiling", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2026/03/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-guidance-about-automated-decision-making-including-profiling/", "description": "On 29 May 2026, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closes the consultation on guidance on automated decision-making, including profiling. The guidance applies to all organisations carrying out automated decision-making, including those using in-house tools or third-party vendors, and is directed at data protection officers, compliance professionals, and technical leads. It defines automated decision-making as any decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, tha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Artificial intelligence malpractice and assessment - advice note - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/artificial-intelligence-malpractice-and-assessment-advice-note", "description": "This advice note supports awarding organisations in understanding how existing rules and guidance apply to the risks of malpractice arising from use of AI tools.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "title": "Designing transparency for government AI: Insights from the UK’s Algorithmic Transparency Recording Standard initiative", "url": "", "description": "How the UK’s ATRS strengthens algorithmic transparency, public trust and accountability in government AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为政府人工智能设计透明度：英国算法透明度记录标准倡议的见解", "description_zh": "英国 ATRS 如何加强政府人工智能的算法透明度、公众信任和问责制。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Circle of trust: Six steps to foster the effective development of tools for trustworthy AI in the UK and the United States", "url": "", "description": "The study covers tools for trustworthy AI in the UK and the U.S. and prospects for future alignment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信任圈：促进英国和美国可信人工智能工具有效开发的六个步骤", "description_zh": "该研究涵盖了英国和美国值得信赖的人工智能工具以及未来协调的前景。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-04", "title": "UK and OECD.AI come together to give AI actors a valuable resource for trustworthy AI", "url": "", "description": "Case studies from the UK’s Portfolio will be the OECD’s Catalogue to create a more complete resource.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和 OECD.AI 携手为人工智能参与者提供值得信赖的人工智能的宝贵资源", "description_zh": "英国组合的案例研究将成为经合组织的目录，以创建更完整的资源。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-19", "title": "Is AI a wake-up call for financial services in the UK?", "url": "", "description": "Can industry’s management and governance systems in the UK keep up with AI?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能是否给英国金融服务敲响了警钟？", "description_zh": "英国的行业管理和治理体系能否跟上人工智能的步伐？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-06", "title": "‘If it isn’t diverse, it isn’t ethical’: the United Kingdom’s approach to AI policy", "url": "", "description": "The UK has set up AI institutions in government and empowered regulators to consider how AI affects their own areas.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“如果不多样化，那就不道德”：英国的人工智能政策方针", "description_zh": "英国在政府中设立了人工智能机构，并授权监管机构考虑人工智能如何影响自己的领域。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "AI cyber threats: open letter to business leaders", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-cyber-threats-open-letter-to-business-leaders", "description": "Open letter from DSIT Secretary of State Liz Kendall and Security Minister Dan Jarvis to UK business leaders.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能网络威胁：致商界领袖的公开信", "description_zh": "DSIT 国务卿 Liz Kendall 和安全部长 Dan Jarvis 致英国商界领袖的公开信。" }, { "title": "The UK’s new product safety framework - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/product-regulation-the-uks-new-product-safety-framework/the-uks-new-product-safety-framework", "description": "We anticipate that the PAS will be published by BSI in 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国新产品安全框架 - GOV.UK", "description_zh": "我们预计 BSI 将于 2026 年发布 PAS。" }, { "title": "EM on extending certain data protection periods (COM(2025)1020) - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/em-on-extending-certain-data-protection-periods-com20251020", "description": "The government's summary of a proposal for a regulation amending Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 as regards the extension of certain data protection periods.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EM 关于延长某些数据保护期 (COM(2025)1020) - GOV.UK", "description_zh": "政府对关于延长某些数据保护期限的第 528/2012 号法规 (EU) 的修订提案的摘要。" }, { "date": "21 July 2020", "title": "Three new sectors are included in the FDI screening mechanism", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/enterprise-act-2002-guidance-on-changes-to-the-turnover-and-share-of-supply-tests-for-mergers-orders-2020 ", "description": "On 21 July 2020, the UK government announced an amendment in the Enterprise Act 2002 lowering the jurisdictional thresholds for merger controls in the sectors of artificial intelligence, cryptographic authentication technology, and advanced materials.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FDI审查机制纳入三个新领域", "description_zh": "2020年7月21日，英国政府宣布修订《2002年企业法》，降低人工智能、密码认证技术和先进材料领域合并控制的管辖门槛。" }, { "date": "9 February 2021", "title": "Age Appropriate Design Code (Children's Code)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/age-appropriate-design-a-code-of-practice-for-online-services/", "description": "The Information Commissioner`s Office Age Appropriate Design Code, aiming to protect minors from data collection, comes into force after a grace period of 12 months. The code does not represent a new law per se, but rather represents the result of the obligation codified under s.123 (1) of the UK DPA, which itself represents an implementation of the UK General Data Protection Regulation into UK law. Thereunder, the Information Commissioner's Office is obliged to create a code of practice on s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "适合年龄的设计规范（儿童规范）", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室年龄适当设计准则旨在保护未成年人免遭数据收集，在 12 个月的宽限期后生效。该准则本身并不代表新法律，而是代表英国 DPA 第 123 (1) 条规定的义务的结果，该义务本身代表了英国《通用数据保护条例》在英国法律中的实施。据此，信息专员办公室有义务制定有关...的行为准则。" }, { "date": "10 May 2021", "title": "ICO Data sharing: a code of practice", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/ico-codes-of-practice/data-sharing-a-code-of-practice/", "description": "The Data Sharing Code of Practice published by the Information Commissioner's Office comes into force. \nThe Code is in accordance with section 121 of the Data Protection Act 2018 and aims to provide practical guidance to organisations on how to share data lawfully.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 数据共享：实践守则", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室发布的《数据共享实践守则》生效。 \n该准则符合 2018 年《数据保护法》第 121 条的规定，旨在为组织提供有关如何合法共享数据的实用指南。" }, { "date": "29 March 2021", "title": "PRA policy statement on outsourcing and third party risk management", "url": "https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/prudential-regulation/consultation-paper/2021/march/ps721.pdf?la=en&hash=6C70BEE48B89D7965D43894DB848FC41CD5EC6C0", "description": "The Prudential Regulation Authority of the Bank of England publishes its Outsourcing and third party risk management policy statement, including compliance obligations for the outsourcing of data by payment providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PRA 关于外包和第三方风险管理的政策声明", "description_zh": "英格兰银行审慎监管局发布其外包和第三方风险管理政策声明，包括支付提供商外包数据的合规义务。" }, { "date": "21 April 2021", "title": "UK Government response to the call for views on consumer connected product cyber security legislation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulating-consumer-smart-product-cyber-security-government-response/government-response-to-the-call-for-views-on-consumer-connected-product-cyber-security-legislation", "description": "The UK Government publishes its response to the public consultation on smart device cybersecurity, including the announcement of a new (Secure by Design) cybersecurity law to protect smart devices from cyberattacks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府回应就消费者互联产品网络安全立法征求意见的呼吁", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了对智能设备网络安全公众咨询的回应，包括宣布一项新的（设计安全）网络安全法，以保护智能设备免受网络攻击。" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Oversight powers for OfCom in UK Online Safety Bill", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/1420/contents/made", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Online Safety Act was implemented. The Act gives the Office of Communications (Ofcom) the authority to enforce the new requirements outlined in the Act, including ongoing regulatory supervision of online services and imposing fines. Further, Ofcom will be able to issue provisions to implement the regulation and will be required to issue codes of practice on the existing duties. In particular, Ofcom has announced an Implementation Roadmap for the Act, which includes thr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国在线安全法案赋予 OfCom 监督权", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，《网络安全法》实施。该法案赋予通信办公室 (Ofcom) 执行该法案中概述的新要求的权力，包括对在线服务的持续监管和处以罚款。此外，Ofcom 将能够发布实施该法规的规定，并被要求发布有关现有职责的行为准则。特别是，Ofcom 宣布了该法案的实施路线图，其中包括..." }, { "date": "16 September 2022", "title": "ICO anonymisation, pseudonymisation and privacy enhancing technologies guidance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-call-for-views-anonymisation-pseudonymisation-and-privacy-enhancing-technologies-guidance/", "description": "On 16 September 2022, the consultation on the ICO guidance on anonymisation, pseudonymisation and privacy-enhancing technologies closes. The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) opened the consultation on 28 May 2021. The guidance contains four chapters: \"introduction to anonymisation\" (outlining the legal, policy and governance issues around anonymisation procedures in terms of data protection law), \"identifiability\" (focusing on identifiability from anonymisation procedures) \"pseudonymis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 匿名化、假名化和隐私增强技术指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 16 日，关于 ICO 匿名化、假名化和隐私增强技术指南的咨询结束。信息专员办公室 (ICO) 于 2021 年 5 月 28 日开始征求意见。该指南包含四个章节：“匿名化简介”（概述数据保护法方面围绕匿名化程序的法律、政策和治理问题）、“可识别性”（重点关注匿名化程序的可识别性）、“假名……" }, { "date": "15 May 2021", "title": "Consultation on the negative impact of algorithms on competition and consumers", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/991676/Summary_of_responses_to_algorithms_paper_publish.pdf", "description": "After running a consultation from January 19th 2021 until March 16, 2021 regarding a research paper about algorithms and their effect on consumers and competition in order to improve their own Analysing Algorithms programme, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) published the summary of responses to the consultation. Most respondents agreed that the CMA had identified most of the potential harms accurately, while adding certain potential harms and specifying others. However, it was also...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于算法对竞争和消费者的负面影响的咨询", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 于 2021 年 1 月 19 日至 2021 年 3 月 16 日就一篇有关算法及其对消费者和竞争的影响的研究论文进行了磋商，以改进自己的分析算法计划，之后发布了磋商回复摘要。大多数受访者同意 CMA 准确地识别了大部分潜在危害，同时添加了某些潜在危害并具体说明了其他危害。然而，这也..." }, { "date": "13 September 2021", "title": "Digital identities and attributes trust framework", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/digital-identity-and-attributes-consultation", "description": "On 13 September 2021, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) closed its consultation on an updated UK digital identity and attributes trust framework. The consultation opened on 19 July 2021. While the alpha version of the framework concerned the rules and standards regarding the use of digital identities in general, the second consultation targets three main areas. They include the general creation of trustworthy digital identifications, interactions with governmental da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字身份和属性信任框架", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 13 日，数字、文化、媒体和体育部 (DCMS) 结束了关于更新的英国数字身份和属性信任框架的咨询。磋商于 2021 年 7 月 19 日开始。虽然该框架的 alpha 版本涉及一般数字身份使用的规则和标准，但第二次磋商针对三个主要领域。它们包括可信数字身份的一般创建、与政府数据的交互......" }, { "date": "3 April 2020", "title": "Fines for non-compliance in ICO Direct marketing code of practice", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/2021/2619043/direct-marketing-code-draft-guidance-122020.pdf", "description": "The Information Commissioner`s Office concludes the consultation on its draft direct marketing code of practice. According to the ICO, the draft code of practice aims to provide practical guidance and promote good practice in regard to processing for direct marketing purposes in compliance with data protection and e-privacy rules. It proposes fines of 4 percent of the annual revenue for non-compliance, ends.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "因不遵守 ICO 直接营销行为守则而被罚款", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室结束了关于其直销业务守则草案的磋商。根据 ICO 的说法，该行为准则草案旨在根据数据保护和电子隐私规则，为直接营销目的的处理提供实用指导并促进良好实践。它建议对违规行为处以年收入 4% 的罚款。" }, { "date": "1 April 2022", "title": "National Security & Investment Law including notification and pre-clearance requirements for data infrastructure transactions", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/national-security-and-investment-act-guidance-on-acquisitions", "description": "On 4 January 2022, the National Security and Investment Act (NSI) enters into force after its adoption on 29 April 2021. The NSI aims to expand the state’s powers to oversee transactions that could have the potential of threatening national security. Such transactions also include foreign investments. The bill introduces mandatory notification obligations for foreign investments in 17 areas, including data infrastructure and Artificial Intelligence. Transactions subject to mandatory filing o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家安全和投资法，包括数据基础设施交易的通知和预先许可要求", "description_zh": "《国家安全与投资法》(NSI) 于 2021 年 4 月 29 日通过后于 2022 年 1 月 4 日生效。NSI 旨在扩大国家监督可能威胁国家安全的交易的权力。此类交易还包括外国投资。 该法案对数据基础设施和人工智能等 17 个领域的外国投资引入了强制通报义务。交易须强制备案..." }, { "date": "9 July 2021", "title": "Proposed removal of cookie consent pop-ups", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/news-and-events/news-and-blogs/2021/09/ico-to-call-on-g7-countries-to-tackle-cookie-pop-ups-challenge/", "description": "The UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) called on fellow G7 data protection and privacy authorities for international action to tackle cookie consent pop-ups. Specifically, the ICO suggests to introduce web browsers, software applications and device settings that allow web users to set their privacy preferences over a set period of time. Thus, this would mean that users wouldn't be obliged to give their consent through pop-ups every time they visit a website.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建议删除 cookie 同意弹出窗口", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 呼吁七国集团其他数据保护和隐私机构采取国际行动，解决 cookie 同意弹出窗口问题。具体来说，ICO 建议引入网络浏览器、软件应用程序和设备设置，允许网络用户在一段时间内设置他们的隐私偏好。因此，这意味着用户不必在每次访问网站时都通过弹出窗口表示同意。" }, { "date": "20 September 2021", "title": "Digital trade objectives", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/digital-trade-objectives-and-vision/digital-trade-objectives", "description": "On 20 September 2021, the UK Trade Secretary unveiled a five-point plan for digital trade. THe plan aims to adress trade barriers with a focus on five areas: open digital markets, free data flows, enhanced consumer and business safeguards, improved digital trading systems and increased international cooperation and global governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字贸易目标", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 20 日，英国贸易大臣公布了数字贸易五点计划。该计划旨在解决贸易壁垒，重点关注五个领域：开放数字市场、自由数据流动、加强消费者和企业保障、改进数字贸易体系以及加强国际合作和全球治理。" }, { "date": "23 June 2021", "title": "Review of regulation of video-on-demand services", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-plans-to-boost-britains-broadcasters-and-protect-viewers-on-video-on-demand-channels", "description": "On 23 June 2021, the Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport announced a review of the regulation of video-on-demand services. In particular, the Government will consider tightening regulation of video-on-demand services so they are subject to similar rules as traditional TV broadcasters. A white paper due in Autumn will consider whether new rules are needed to protect viewers (especially children) of video-on-demand services, such as changes to age ratings and impartiality and accurac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "检讨视频点播服务的规管", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 23 日，数字、文化、媒体和体育部宣布对视频点播服务的监管进行审查。特别是，政府将考虑加强对视频点播服务的监管，使它们受到与传统电视广播公司类似的规则的约束。将于秋季发布的白皮书将考虑是否需要新规则来保护视频点播服务的观众（尤其是儿童），例如改变年龄分级以及公正性和准确性……" }, { "date": "31 December 2020", "title": "UK withdrawal from EU Audiovisual and Media Services Directive and application of the Video-sharing platform (VSP) framework", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/broadcasting-and-video-on-demand-services-between-the-uk-and-eu", "description": "On 31 December 2020, the UK withdrew from the EU Audiovisual and Media Services Directive as part of its exit from the EU. The Directive and the country of origin principle, whereby providers of broadcasting channels and video-on-demand services are only subject to the rules and regulations of the country of origin, no longer apply to services under UK jurisdiction. Therefore, providers now only need to comply with the UK framework for Video-sharing platforms (VSP), regardless of where the li...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国退出欧盟视听和媒体服务指令以及视频共享平台（VSP）框架的应用", "description_zh": "2020 年 12 月 31 日，英国退出欧盟视听和媒体服务指令，作为其退出欧盟的一部分。该指令和原产国原则规定，广播频道和视频点播服务提供商仅受原产国规则和法规的约束，不再适用于英国管辖范围内的服务。因此，提供商现在只需遵守英国视频共享平台 (VSP) 框架，无论..." }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-laws-to-protect-consumers-from-cyber-criminals-come-into-force-in-the-uk", "description": "On 29 April 2024, Part 1 of the Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022 was fully implemented after the Secretary of State issued implementing regulations (Commencement Regulations No.2). The Act requires manufacturers of connectable products, such as smart devices, smartphones, TVs, and smart home systems, to adhere to minimum security standards. The Act specifies that it is the responsibility of manufacturers, distributors, and importers to ensure that relevant conn...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "产品安全和电信基础设施法", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 29 日，《2022 年产品安全和电信基础设施法案》第 1 部分在国务卿发布实施条例（第 2 号生效条例）后全面实施。该法案要求智能设备、智能手机、电视和智能家居系统等可连接产品的制造商遵守最低安全标准。该法案规定，制造商、分销商和进口商有责任确保相关..." }, { "date": "12 August 2021", "title": "Statement on deepening UK-US data partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-us-joint-statement-on-deepening-the-data-partnership", "description": "U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo and U.K. Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport Nadine Dorries released a common statement on the countries' commitment to the continued data partnership. With the aim of fostering data exchange, the statement identified the UK and the US as leading players in the global arena of data exchange and protection, emphaised the importance of bilateral exchanges concerning data issues such as national security, and underlined that data challenge...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于深化英美数据伙伴关系的声明", "description_zh": "美国商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多和英国数字、文化、媒体和体育大臣纳丁·多里斯发表了一份共同声明，阐述了两国对持续数据伙伴关系的承诺。为了促进数据交换，该声明将英国和美国确定为全球数据交换和保护领域的领先参与者，强调了就国家安全等数据问题进行双边交流的重要性，并强调了数据挑战……" }, { "date": "12 August 2021", "title": "Roadmap on AI assurance ecosystem development", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-roadmap-to-an-effective-ai-assurance-ecosystem/the-roadmap-to-an-effective-ai-assurance-ecosystem", "description": "On 8 December 2021, the United Kingdom Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (CDEI) issued a roadmap outlining the steps that should be followed in the establishment of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) assurance ecosystem. The roadmap was developed as part of the UK’s National AI Strategy to identify and address the risks posed by AI with the end goal being the establishment of a high-class AI assurance industry. The plan lists the stakeholders' roles and responsibilities and establishes 6 are...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能保障生态系统发展路线图", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 8 日，英国数据伦理与创新中心 (CDEI) 发布了路线图，概述了建立人工智能 (AI) 保障生态系统应遵循的步骤。该路线图是英国国家人工智能战略的一部分，旨在识别和解决人工智能带来的风险，最终目标是建立一流的人工智能保障行业。该计划列出了利益相关者的角色和责任，并确定了 6 项……" }, { "date": "24 March 2022", "title": "ICO policies on investigatory, regulatory, and enforcement powers", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-rap-statutory-guidance-on-our-regulatory-action-and-statutory-guidance-on-our-pecr-powers/", "description": "On 24 March 2022, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed the public consultation on three draft documents laying out policies for its regulatory actions, namely the Regulatory Action Policy, the Statutory Guidance on our Regulatory Action, and the Statutory Guidance on our PECR Powers. The three documents lay out updated policies on the scope of the ICO's powers under various applicable pieces of legislation", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于调查、监管和执行权的 ICO 政策", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 24 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了对其监管行动政策的三份文件草案的公众咨询，即《监管行动政策》、《监管行动法定指南》和《PECR 权力法定指南》。这三份文件列出了各种适用立法下 ICO 权力范围的最新政策" }, { "date": "19 March 2020", "title": "HRMC Guidance for Digital Service Tax", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/digital-services-tax", "description": "HM Revenue & Customs released a manual for the application of the digital service tax.\nThe manual includes information on the scope, the time and place of registration, the tax return and the payment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HRMC 数字服务税指南", "description_zh": "英国税务海关总署发布了数字服务税的适用手册。\n该手册包括范围、注册时间和地点、纳税申报表和付款等信息。" }, { "date": "11 October 2021", "title": "Lawsuit on data controller obligation alleging unlawful collection and processing of personal data (Lloyd v Google LLC)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2019-0213-judgment.pdf", "description": "On 10 November 2021, the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) delivered its judgment in the case of Lloyd v Google LLC ([2021] UKSC 50). Specifically, the UKSC held that the action under section 13 of the Digital Protection Act (DPA) 1998 for damages for breach of data processing requirements could not be brought up as a class-action lawsuit. The claimant, Mr. Lloyd, had claimed that, in late 2011-early 2012, Google unlawfully processed the data of around 4 million iPhone users in England and Wales. Furth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于数据控制者义务的诉讼，指控非法收集和处理个人数据（劳埃德诉谷歌有限责任公司）", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 10 日，英国最高法院 (UKSC) 对 Lloyd v Google LLC ([2021] UKSC 50) 案作出判决。具体而言，UKSC 认为，根据 1998 年《数字保护法》(DPA) 第 13 条针对违反数据处理要求而提出的损害赔偿诉讼不能作为集体诉讼提起。原告劳埃德声称，2011 年底至 2012 年初，谷歌非法处理了英格兰和威尔士约 400 万 iPhone 用户的数据。菲尔斯..." }, { "date": "14 June 2022", "title": "United Kingdom Implementation of OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework for the Taxation of the Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/oecd-pillar-2-consultation-on-implementation/letter-from-the-financial-secretary-to-respondents-of-the-oecd-pillar-2-implementation-consultation", "description": "On 14 June 2022, the United Kingdom (UK) Government announced that the implementation date for the Pillar 2 rules will be delayed, and they will become applicable after 31 December 2023. It was initially envisaged that the UK Pillar Two rules would take effect on 1 April 2023. The Financial Secretary noted that the delay is due to the stakeholders’ feedback during the public consultation on Pillar 2 rules implementation. The Pillar 2 rules are part of an international agreement (the OECD “Pil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国实施 OECD/G20 数字经济税收包容性框架", "description_zh": "2022年6月14日，英国政府宣布推迟第二支柱规则的实施日期，并于2023年12月31日后开始适用。最初预计英国第二支柱规则将于2023年4月1日生效。财政司司长指出，延迟是由于利益相关者在第二支柱规则实施公众咨询期间的反馈所致。第二支柱规则是国际协议的一部分（经合组织“Pil..." }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "UK regulatory approach to cryptoassets and stablecoins", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/update-on-plans-for-the-regulation-of-fiat-backed-stablecoins", "description": "On 30 October 2023, the UK Treasury published its revised plans for regulating fiat-backed stablecoins in the UK, aimed at enabling their use in payment systems. The new rules will be presented to Parliament in 2024, shifting oversight of fiat-backed stablecoins to the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). Local firms, acting as payment arrangers under FCA authorisation, will ensure overseas stablecoins meet local standards. Non-fiat-backed stablecoins, like algorithmic stablecoins, will not be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国对加密资产和稳定币的监管方法", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 30 日，英国财政部发布了监管英国法币支持的稳定币的修订计划，旨在使其能够在支付系统中使用。新规则将于 2024 年提交给议会，将对法币支持的稳定币的监管转移给金融行为监管局 (FCA)。当地公司作为 FCA 授权的支付安排者，将确保海外稳定币符合当地标准。非法定支持的稳定币，如算法稳定币，不会......" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill (UK Brexit Freedom Bill)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3340", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill (often called the \"Brexit Freedoms\" Bill) was amended by the House of Lords. The Bill creates a framework regarding so-called retained EU law and its amendment, repeal, or assimilation into the UK legal system. The amendment of the House of Lords replaces, among other things, the automatic \"sunset\" on EU-derived subordinate legislation and direct legislation at the end of 2023, instead requiring such legislation to be specifical...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保留的欧盟法律（撤销和改革）法案（英国脱欧自由法案）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，上议院对保留的欧盟法律（撤销和改革）法案（通常称为“脱欧自由”法案）进行了修订。该法案创建了一个有关所谓保留的欧盟法律及其修正案、废除或纳入英国法律体系的框架。上议院的修正案取代了 2023 年底欧盟衍生立法和直接立法的自动“日落”，而是要求此类立法具体化……" }, { "date": "10 June 2021", "title": "Ofcom guidance on content moderation rules for Video-sharing platforms (VSP)", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/226302/vsp-harms-guidance.pdf", "description": "On 6 October 2021, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) of the United Kingdom published a guidance to help Video-sharing platforms (VSP) providers in understanding their regulatory obligations. In particular, the guidance offers an overview of the rules and requirements of the VSP Framework, details the types of video content that might constitute harmful material, explains the measures that providers can implement to protect users from harmful material, incentivises providers to pursue risk ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 关于视频共享平台 (VSP) 内容审核规则的指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 6 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份指南，帮助视频共享平台 (VSP) 提供商了解其监管义务。特别是，该指南概述了 VSP 框架的规则和要求，详细说明了可能构成有害材料的视频内容类型，解释了提供商可以采取哪些措施来保护用户免受有害材料的侵害，激励提供商承担风险……" }, { "date": "4 October 2022", "title": "UK Proposal for legislation to improve the cyber resilience", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/proposal-for-legislation-to-improve-the-uks-cyber-resilience/proposal-for-legislation-to-improve-the-uks-cyber-resilience", "description": "The UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport has closed the consultation on the proposal for legislation to improve the UK's cyber resilience. The proposal concerns two pillars: how to bring additional digital service providers into UK’s cyber security framework and how to make the cyber security regulatory framework future-proof. The proposed measures are: expand the scope of \"digital services\" definition to also include \"managed services\"; apply an additional supervision tier for t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国提高网络弹性的立法提案", "description_zh": "英国数字、文化、媒体和体育部已结束关于提高英国网络弹性立法提案的磋商。该提案涉及两个支柱：如何将更多数字服务提供商纳入英国网络安全框架以及如何使网络安全监管框架面向未来。拟议的措施是： 扩大“数字服务”定义的范围，将“托管服务”也包括在内；为...申请额外的监督级别" }, { "date": "21 December 2021", "title": "UK Court of Appeal ruling (Forensic vs Soriano) expanding GDPR scope", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Soriano-v-Forensic-News-judgment.pdf", "description": "On 21 December 2021, the United Kingdom Court of Appeal issued a judgement on a private lawsuit between the Israeli-British citizen Walter Soriano and the US news publisher Forensic News LLC, which contains an expansion of the scope of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Soriano claimed that Forensic libelled him in a series of stories published in 2020 and sued for unlawful conduct under the GDPR. The Court of Appeal overruled previous judgements by stating that the GDPR can be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国上诉法院裁决（Forensic 诉 Soriano）扩大了 GDPR 范围", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 21 日，英国上诉法院就以色列裔英国公民沃尔特·索里亚诺 (Walter Soriano) 与美国新闻出版商 Forensic News LLC 之间的私人诉讼作出判决，其中包含扩大欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 的范围。索里亚诺声称 Forensic 在 2020 年发表的一系列报道中诽谤他，并根据 GDPR 起诉了他的非法行为。上诉法院推翻了之前的判决，指出 GDPR 可以......" }, { "date": "25 July 2023", "title": "Online Advertising Programme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-rules-crack-down-on-illegal-ads-and-protect-children-online", "description": "On 25 July 2023, the United Kingdom Government, in response to the consultation on the online advertising programme, announced that it would propose a new regulatory framework for online advertising to address illegal advertising and increase protections for children online. In particular, the UK Government aims to adopt statutory regulations to require online advertising to verify advertisements to ensure they don’t include illegal and misleading content and implement mechanisms to prevent c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线广告计划", "description_zh": "2023年7月25日，英国政府针对在线广告计划的咨询，宣布将提出新的在线广告监管框架，以解决非法广告问题并加强对在线儿童的保护。特别是，英国政府旨在通过法定法规，要求在线广告对广告进行验证，以确保其不包含非法和误导性内容，并实施机制来防止..." }, { "date": "22 April 2022", "title": "ICO Guidance on research provisions within the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/draft-gdpr-research-provisions/", "description": "The UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) has closed the consultation on its draft guidance on the research provisions within the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018. The draft guidance highlights the legislation's provisions related to research and their practical effect. Particularly, the guidance aims to help researchers to carry out data processing in compliance with the legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于英国 GDPR 和 2018 年数据保护法研究条款的 ICO 指南", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 已结束关于英国通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 和 2018 年数据保护法中研究条款的指南草案的磋商。该指南草案强调了与研究相关的立法条款及其实际效果。特别是，该指南旨在帮助研究人员按照立法进行数据处理。" }, { "date": "17 January 2022", "title": "UK National Cyber Security Centre guidance on responses to a higher level of cyber security threats", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/actions-to-take-when-the-cyber-threat-is-heightened", "description": "On 17 January 2022, National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) published guidance on the actions that organizations must take in case the level of cyber threat is raised. The guidance outlines the steps an entity may take in response to cyber threats, and notes the factors affecting an organisation’s cyber risk and strategies to decrease the vulnerability to cyber threats. Furthermore, the guidance includes additional options for large organizations, including taking a more aggressive approach to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国国家网络安全中心关于应对更高级别网络安全威胁的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 17 日，国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 发布了有关组织在网络威胁级别上升时必须采取的行动的指南。该指南概述了实体应对网络威胁可能采取的步骤，并指出了影响组织网络风险的因素以及减少网络威胁脆弱性的策略。此外，该指南还包括大型组织的其他选项，包括采取更积极的方法......" }, { "date": "6 August 2022", "title": "DCRF policy approaches to algorithm audits", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-s-digital-watchdogs-take-a-closer-look-at-algorithms-as-plans-set-out-for-year-ahead", "description": "On 8 June 2022, the United Kingdom Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum (DRCF) closed the consultation regarding future policy approaches concerning the audit of algorithms. The DCRF, comprising the Competition and Markets Authority, Financial Conduct Authority, Information Commissioner’s Office and Office of Communications, aims to ensure safety in the online space by gathering views on how algorithms are used by sites and apps and how to audit algorithms, including the role of regulators. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DCRF 算法审计的策略方法", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 8 日，英国数字监管合作论坛 (DRCF) 结束了有关算法审计的未来政策方法的磋商。 DCRF 由竞争与市场管理局、金融行为监管局、信息专员办公室和通信办公室组成，旨在通过收集有关网站和应用程序如何使用算法以及如何审核算法（包括监管机构的作用）的意见，确保在线空间的安全。特..." }, { "date": "8 July 2022", "title": "Data storage and processing infrastructure security and resilience", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/data-storage-and-processing-infrastructure-security-and-resilience-call-for-views/data-storage-and-processing-infrastructure-security-and-resilience-call-for-views#full-questionnaire", "description": "On 7 August 2022, the UK Government's Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport closed its call for views on data storage and processing infrastructure security and resilience. The deadline for submitting comments was extended from 24 July 2022 to 7 August 2022. Noting the UK's reliance on large-scale data storage and processing infrastructure, such as data centres, cloud platforms, and managed service providers, the Department has intended for the call for views to provide help in creat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据存储和处理基础设施的安全性和弹性", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 7 日，英国政府数字、文化、媒体和体育部结束了关于数据存储和处理基础设施安全性和弹性的意见征集。提交意见的截止日期从2022年7月24日延长至2022年8月7日。注意到英国对大规模数据存储和处理基础设施（例如数据中心、云平台和托管服务提供商）的依赖，该部门打算征求意见，以提供帮助以创建……" }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "UKIPO Guidelines on patent applications relating to AI inventions", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/examining-patent-applications-relating-to-artificial-intelligence-ai-inventions/examining-patent-applications-relating-to-artificial-intelligence-ai-inventions-the-guidance", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the UK Intellectual Property Office (IPO) temporarily suspended the guidelines for the examination of patent applications related to artificial intelligence (AI) inventions. The guidelines clarified that patents are available for AI inventions in all fields of technology and established that although mathematical methods or computer programs are excluded from patent protection, when the task or process performed by an AI invention contains a technical contribution, it bec...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国知识产权局关于人工智能发明相关专利申请的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 23 日，英国知识产权局（IPO）暂时中止了与人工智能（AI）发明相关的专利申请审查指南。该指南明确指出，所有技术领域的人工智能发明均可获得专利，并规定，尽管数学方法或计算机程序被排除在专利保护之外，但当人工智能发明执行的任务或过程包含技术贡献时，它就成为..." }, { "date": "22 September 2022", "title": "ICO three-year plan announcing analysis of AI bias in recruitment (ICO25)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2022/07/uk-information-commissioner-sets-out-focus-on-empowering-people-through-information/", "description": "On 22 September 2022, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed the consultation on its three-year plan ICO25, including a plan to analyse the impact of AI bias in recruitment systems. The ICO intends to focus on the impact of AI systems on minorities who are not represented in the training and testing datasets used to design the AI, such as neurodiverse people and ethnic minorities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 三年计划宣布对招聘中的人工智能偏见进行分析 (ICO25)", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 22 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了对其三年计划 ICO25 的咨询，其中包括一项分析招聘系统中人工智能偏见影响的计划。 ICO 旨在重点关注人工智能系统对用于设计人工智能的训练和测试数据集中没有代表的少数群体的影响，例如神经多样化的人和少数族裔。" }, { "date": "15 July 2022", "title": "Amendments to the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1083351/MLRs_SI_2022_-_Consultation_Response_final.pdf", "description": "On 15 July 2022, the UK Treasury published its consultation results of \"Amendments to the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds Regulations 2017 Statutory Instrument 2022\". The consultation aims to update the UK’s Money Laundering Regulations (the MLRs) and concerns account information service providers and payment initiation service providers, telecoms, bill payment service providers, digital and IT service providers, etc. The consultation found that there is industry c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "洗钱、恐怖主义融资和资金转移修正案", "description_zh": "2022年7月15日，英国财政部公布了《2022年洗钱、恐怖主义融资和资金转移条例2017年法定文书修正案》的咨询结果。此次咨询旨在更新英国《反洗钱条例》（MLR），涉及账户信息服务提供商和支付发起服务提供商、电信、账单支付服务提供商、数字和IT服务提供商等。咨询发现，存在行业问题。" }, { "date": "27 July 2022", "title": "Memorandum of Cooperation between US and Ukrainian cybersecurity agencies", "url": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)", "description": "On 27 July 2022, the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on cybersecurity. The two agencies will strengthen collaboration in several cybersecurity areas and plan to implement joint cybersecurity projects, cooperate in cyber threat indicators, exchange information and share best practices for addressing cyber incidents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国和乌克兰网络安全机构合作备忘录", "description_zh": "2022年7月27日，美国网络安全和基础设施安全局（CISA）与乌克兰国家特殊通信和信息保护局签署了网络安全合作备忘录。两个机构将加强在多个网络安全领域的合作，并计划实施联合网络安全项目，在网络威胁指标方面进行合作，交换信息并分享解决网络事件的最佳实践。" }, { "date": "30 September 2022", "title": "Consultation on Using AI/ML recommendation systems to protect people from content-related harm", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/using-ai-ml-recommendation-systems-to-protect-people-from-content-related-harm/", "description": "On 30 September 2022, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed the consultation on \"how product and developer teams working with AI/ML driven recommendation systems apply technical and organisational measures to protect people from content related harm\". In particular, the ICO is interested in how developers implement AI/ML recommendation systems to protect people from harmful content, especially as concerns vulnerable communities and children.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于使用 AI/ML 推荐系统保护人们免受内容相关伤害的咨询", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 30 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了关于“使用 AI/ML 驱动的推荐系统的产品和开发团队如何应用技术和组织措施来保护人们免受内容相关伤害”的咨询。 ICO 特别感兴趣的是开发人员如何实施 AI/ML 推荐系统来保护人们免受有害内容的侵害，特别是对于弱势社区和儿童而言。" }, { "date": "24 August 2022", "title": "UK and Ukraine digital trade deal to support Ukrainian businesses", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-ukraine-launch-talks-on-digital-trade-deal-to-support-ukrainian-businesses", "description": "On 24 August 2022, the governments of the United Kingdom and Ukraine announced the start of their negotiations on a new digital trade agreement. In particular, the new digital trade agreement aims to help Ukraine in its economic recovery after the Russian invasion. The agreement would focus on removing barriers to digital trade, cutting red tape and enabling Ukraine to trade with the UK more efficiently through technology such as electronic transactions, e-signatures, and e-contracts and faci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国和乌克兰数字贸易协议支持乌克兰企业", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 24 日，英国和乌克兰政府宣布开始就新的数字贸易协定进行谈判。特别是，新的数字贸易协议旨在帮助乌克兰在俄罗斯入侵后恢复经济。该协议的重点是消除数字贸易壁垒，减少繁文缛节，并使乌克兰能够通过电子交易、电子签名、电子合同和设施等技术更有效地与英国进行贸易。" }, { "date": "14 October 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements for self-driving vehicles in Connected and automated mobility 2025", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/self-driving-vehicles-new-safety-ambition", "description": "On 14 October 2022, the United Kingdom (UK) Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV) closed the public consultation on the \"Connected and automated mobility 2025: realising the benefits of self-driving vehicles\". In its report, the CCAV stressed the need for new safety and cybersecurity standards for autonomous vehicles before their deployment and during their use on public roads. The report lists the cyber risks that should be addressed in the legislation and by regulators. The st...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年互联和自动化移动领域自动驾驶车辆的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 14 日，英国 (UK) 联网和自动驾驶汽车中心 (CCAV) 结束了“2025 年联网和自动驾驶：实现自动驾驶汽车的优势”的公众咨询。 CCAV 在其报告中强调，在自动驾驶汽车部署之前和在公共道路上使用期间，需要制定新的安全和网络安全标准。该报告列出了立法和监管机构应解决的网络风险。圣..." }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into TikTok over minor's data processing practices", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/07/ico-welcomes-tribunal-ruling-on-preliminary-issue-raised-by-tiktok-in-its-appeal-of-2023-penalty/", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a statement welcoming the First-tier Tribunal’s decision on a preliminary issue raised by TikTok in its appeal against the GBP 12.7 million monetary penalty notice issued in April 2023. The ruling confirmed that the ICO had the legal authority to issue the notice, rejecting TikTok’s claim that its processing fell under the UK General Data Protection Regulation's special purposes provisions for artistic or similar activities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室就 TikTok 未成年人数据处理行为展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 8 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发表声明，欢迎第一级法庭就 TikTok 在针对 2023 年 4 月发布的 1270 万英镑罚款通知提出的上诉中提出的初步问题做出的裁决。该裁决确认 ICO 具有发布该通知的法定权力，驳回了 TikTok 关于其处理属于英国《通用数据保护条例》针对艺术或类似活动的特殊目的规定的主张。" }, { "date": "10 July 2022", "title": "US-UK Partnership Comprehensive Dialogue on Technology and Data", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2022/10/us-uk-joint-statement-new-comprehensive-dialogue-technology-and-data", "description": "On 7 October 2022, the US Department of Commerce announced that, as part of the US-UK Technology Partnership, the US and the UK had launched a new Comprehensive Dialogue on Technology and Data. This year, the partnership and its work wil focus on data, critical and emerging technologies, and secure and resilient digital infrastructure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美英伙伴关系技术与数据全面对话", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 7 日，美国商务部宣布，作为美英技术伙伴关系的一部分，美国和英国启动了新的技术和数据全面对话。今年，该合作伙伴关系及其工作将重点关注数据、关键和新兴技术以及安全和有弹性的数字基础设施。" }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "Data Protection Standards in employment monitoring practices and impact assessment", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-employment-practices/", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its public consultation on its draft guidance outlining the regulatory data protection standards that entities monitoring employees must comply with. The guidelines outline the conditions under which employers are allowed to collect and store data, noting the need for identifying a specific lawful basis. In particular, the guidance states that employers collecting sensitive data, such as biometric data, have to conduct a d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "就业监测实践和影响评估中的数据保护标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了对其指南草案的公众咨询，该草案概述了监控员工的实体必须遵守的监管数据保护标准。该指南概述了允许雇主收集和存储数据的条件，并指出需要确定具体的合法依据。该指南特别指出，收集敏感数据（例如生物识别数据）的雇主必须进行..." }, { "date": "10 December 2022", "title": "Ofcom report on the Buffalo attack outlining implications for online safety", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/245305/The-Buffalo-Attack-Implications-for-Online-Safety.pdf", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries (Ofcom) published a report called \"The Buffalo attack: Implications for online safety\". The attack that occurred in the city of Buffalo was live-streamed, potentially exposing UK users to content related to terrorism. Ofcom reviewed the industry's responses to the live-streamed attack and cross-industry collaboration to prevent the dissemination of associated content. The purpose of the report is ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 关于布法罗袭击的报告概述了对在线安全的影响", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 12 日，英国通信行业监管机构和竞争管理局 (Ofcom) 发布了一份名为“布法罗攻击：对在线安全的影响”的报告。发生在布法罗市的袭击事件被现场直播，英国用户可能会接触到与恐怖主义有关的内容。 Ofcom 审查了行业对直播攻击的反应以及跨行业协作，以防止相关内容的传播。报告的目的是..." }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "DRFC report on benefits and harms of algorithms for regulators", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/findings-from-the-drcf-algorithmic-processing-workstream-spring-2022/the-benefits-and-harms-of-algorithms-a-shared-perspective-from-the-four-digital-regulators", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the consultation on the report \"the benefits and harms of algorithms: a shared perspective from the four digital regulators\" by the Digital Regulation Co-operation Forum (DRCF) closed. The DCRF comprises the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA), the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), the Information Commissioners' Office (ICO) and the Office of Communications (OFCOM). The document intends for regulators to understand and articulate the nature and risks of using algorithmic ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DRFC 关于算法对监管机构的好处和危害的报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，数字监管合作论坛（DRCF）关于《算法的利与弊：四个数字监管机构的共同观点》报告的咨询结束。 DCRF 由竞争与市场管理局 (CMA)、金融行为监管局 (FCA)、信息专员办公室 (ICO) 和通信办公室 (OFCOM) 组成。该文件旨在让监管机构了解并阐明使用算法的性质和风险......" }, { "date": "25 July 2022", "title": "ICO Updated Guidance on Binding Corporate Rules within the UK GDPR", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-binding-corporate-rules/", "description": "On 25 July 2022, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published a guidance for the approval of Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs) for data transfers within multinational businesses under the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The new guidance aims to streamline the application process for UK BCRs and simplify requirements previously tied to EU law. The new guidance supersedes all previous documents and guidance by the ICO.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 更新了英国 GDPR 内具有约束力的公司规则指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 25 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份指南，用于根据英国通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 批准跨国企业内部数据传输的约束性公司规则 (BCR)。新指南旨在简化英国 BCR 的申请流程，并简化之前与欧盟法律相关的要求。新指南取代 ICO 之前的所有文件和指南。" }, { "date": "10 October 2022", "title": "High Court ruling on data breach and damages providing guidance for \"very modest degree of distress\" under GDPR", "url": "https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/KB/2022/2500.html", "description": "On 10 October 2022, the High Court of England and Wales issued a judgement on “Driver v Crown Prosecution Service”. The claimant, a local politician in Lancashire County, sought damages not exceeding GBP 2000. The claim arises out of an email made public by a Crown Prosecution Service lawyer in June 2019 regarding a police investigation where the claimant was a suspect in a case of local government corruption in 2014. The claimant was cleared as a suspect in 2016. The claimant stated there wa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高等法院关于数据泄露和损害赔偿的裁决为 GDPR 下的“非常适度的困扰”提供了指导", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 10 日，英格兰及威尔士高等法院就“Driver v Crown Prosecution Service”一案作出判决。索赔人是兰开夏郡当地政客，要求赔偿不超过 2000 英镑。该索赔源于皇家检察署律师于 2019 年 6 月公开的一封电子邮件，该电子邮件涉及警方调查，其中索赔人是 2014 年当地政府腐败案件的嫌疑人。索赔人于 2016 年被排除为嫌疑人。索赔人表示，有..." }, { "date": "21 October 2022", "title": "ICO Guidance on direct marketing using electronic mail", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-pecr/guidance-on-direct-marketing-using-electronic-mail/", "description": "On 21 October 2022, the UK’s Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published the Guidance on direct marketing using electronic mail (Guidance), which provides information on how to comply with the “Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (as amended)” (PECR). In particular, the Guidance provides recommendations for companies in relation to the sending of electronic mail for direct marketing purposes to ensure their compliance with PERC.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于使用电子邮件直接营销的 ICO 指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 21 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了《使用电子邮件进行直接营销的指南》(Guidance)，其中提供了有关如何遵守《2003 年隐私和电子通信条例（修订版）》(PECR) 的信息。特别是，该指南为公司提供了有关发送用于直接营销目的的电子邮件的建议，以确保其遵守 PERC。" }, { "date": "20 October 2022", "title": "UK Ofcom reports on video-sharing platform (VSP)", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/information-for-industry/vsp-regulation/first-year-report", "description": "On 20 October 2022, the regulator and competition authority for the UK communications industries (Ofcom), issued the first report on video-sharing platforms (VSPs) regulation since it was appointed as regulator for platforms in the UK. The report covers the period of October 2021 to October 2022 and explores the following key findings by Ofcom: all platforms have implemented safety measures; platforms provided limited evidence on how well their safety measures are operating to protect users; ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 Ofcom 报告视频共享平台 (VSP)", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 20 日，英国通信行业监管和竞争管理局 (Ofcom) 发布了自被任命为英国平台监管机构以来第一份关于视频共享平台 (VSP) 监管的报告。该报告涵盖 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 10 月期间，并探讨了 Ofcom 的以下主要发现： 所有平台均已实施安全措施；平台提供的证据有限，表明其安全措施保护用户的效果如何； ..." }, { "date": "26 October 2022", "title": "ICO Biometric Technologies Insight Report", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/documents/4021972/biometrics-insight-report.pdf", "description": "On 26 October 2022, Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published its Biometric Technologies Insight Report. The report outlines the current legal and regulatory framework governing the collection and employment of systems using biometrics. The report refers, in particular, to the behavioural analysis conducted through biometric technologies and clarifies the differences between “biometric data” and “personal biometric data”. In particular, the report notes that the analysis of micro faci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 生物识别技术洞察报告", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 26 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了生物识别技术洞察报告。该报告概述了管理使用生物识别技术的系统的收集和使用的当前法律和监管框架。该报告特别提到通过生物识别技术进行的行为分析，并澄清了“生物识别数据”和“个人生物识别数据”之间的区别。报告特别指出，微观面分析..." }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance on employment practices and workers' health data protection", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/employment/employment-practices-and-data-protection-keeping-employment-records/collecting-and-keeping-employment-records/#bases", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) released a guidance for employers on managing employment records in compliance with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act (DPA). The guidance outlines best practices for balancing operational needs with workers' privacy rights, including establishing a lawful basis for data processing, ensuring data security, and maintaining transparency with workers. It also addresses handling special...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室关于就业实践和工人健康数据保护的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 5 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了雇主根据英国通用数据保护条例 (UK GDPR) 和数据保护法 (DPA) 管理就业记录的指南。该指南概述了平衡运营需求与员工隐私权的最佳实践，包括建立数据处理的合法基础、确保数据安全以及保持对员工的透明度。它还解决了处理特殊..." }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Ofcom Network and Information Systems (NIS) Guidance for the Digital Infrastructure Sector", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/262088/NIS-guidance-statement.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the updated Network and Information Systems (NIS) Guidance for the Digital Infrastructure Sector. The primary objective of the introduced changes is to reduce the cybersecurity incident reporting thresholds for Operators of Essential Services (OES). Ofcom believes that by lowering the thresholds, incidents affecting UK users will be more visible, enabling providers to identify significant cybersecurity and resilience vulnerabil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 数字基础设施领域网络和信息系统 (NIS) 指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 31 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了更新后的数字基础设施部门网络和信息系统 (NIS) 指南。引入变更的主要目标是降低基本服务运营商 (OES) 的网络安全事件报告阈值。 Ofcom 认为，通过降低阈值，影响英国用户的事件将更加明显，使提供商能够识别重大的网络安全和弹性漏洞......" }, { "date": "11 January 2022", "title": "NCSC Internet Scanning Capability Program", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/information/ncsc-scanning-information", "description": "On 1 November 2022, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) launched the NCSC internet scanning capability, a program to scan all systems accessible via the internet within the country aiming to find UK vulnerabilities and enhance cybersecurity. The system serves both to provide server owners with their current security status, and to respond to any shocks. During its inquiry, the NCSC will collect and store all data provided by a service in response to a request, as well as information ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NCSC 互联网扫描能力计划", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 1 日，英国国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 启动了 NCSC 互联网扫描功能，该计划扫描国内所有可通过互联网访问的系统，旨在发现英国的漏洞并增强网络安全。该系统既可以向服务器所有者提供当前的安全状态，也可以对任何冲击做出响应。在查询过程中，NCSC 将收集并存储服务响应请求所提供的所有数据以及信息……" }, { "date": "12 February 2022", "title": "ICO Statutory Review of Personal Data Processing in Journalism", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-statutory-review-on-how-personal-data-is-processed-for-the-purposes-of-journalism-phase-two/", "description": "On 2 December 2022, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation on the processing of personal data for journalistic purposes under Phase 2 of its Statutory Review of the relevant provisions of the Data Protection Act. The consultation covers general data protection themes, as well as industry-specific issues, such as journalistic exemptions to data protection obligations. The consultation is intended to assist ICO in understanding how personal data is used for the p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对新闻业个人数据处理的法定审查", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 2 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 根据其对《数据保护法》相关条款的法定审查第二阶段结束了有关出于新闻目的处理个人数据的咨询。咨询涵盖一般数据保护主题以及行业特定问题，例如新闻数据保护义务的豁免。此次咨询旨在帮助 ICO 了解个人数据如何用于..." }, { "date": "25 November 2022", "title": "Ofcom and ICO online safety and data protection joint statement", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1120112/DRCF_joint_statement.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2022, Ofcom and the Information Commissioner's Office adopted a joint outline detailing their position on balancing online safety and privacy, focusing on harmful activity, especially concerning minors. The statement reaffirms both parties' commitment to harmonising their policies and recommendations in order to facilitate and promote compliance. They also produce a timeline of future steps starting in early 2023, which is estimated as the timeframe for the adoption of the UK O...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 和 ICO 在线安全和数据保护联合声明", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 25 日，Ofcom 和信息专员办公室通过了一份联合纲要，详细说明了他们在平衡在线安全和隐私方面的立场，重点关注有害活动，特别是涉及未成年人的活动。声明重申双方承诺协调其政策和建议，以促进和促进合规。他们还制定了从 2023 年初开始的未来步骤时间表，预计这是采用 UK O 的时间表。" }, { "date": "16 November 2022", "title": "Ofcom inquiry on media plurality and online news", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/247548/discussion-media-plurality.pdf", "description": "On 16 November 2022, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) published a discussion document on \"Media plurality and online news\" for consultation. Ofcom proposes new regulatory measures for online news intermediaries to ensure media plurality. In particular, the document recommends requiring online platforms to provide reports on their online advertising and recommender systems, analyses on aggregated usage and traffic data and conduct algorithmic audits. Furthermore, Ofcom noted that platfo...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 关于媒体多元化和在线新闻的调查", "description_zh": "2022年11月16日，英国通信办公室（Ofcom）发布了一份关于“媒体多元化和在线新闻”的讨论文件以供咨询。 Ofcom 提出针对在线新闻中介的新监管措施，以确保媒体多元化。该文件特别建议要求在线平台提供有关其在线广告和推荐系统的报告，对聚合使用和流量数据进行分析并进行算法审计。此外，Ofcom 指出，该平台..." }, { "date": "20 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in in UK and Ukraine Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-historic-trade-deal-with-ukraine-as-part-of-enhanced-support", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the United Kingdom and Ukraine signed a Digital Trade Agreement (DTA) aiming to support Ukraine’s economy and enhance trade in digital goods and services between both countries. In particular, the DTA outlines measures to enable cybersecurity cooperation and sharing. Under the DTA, the countries will establish mechanisms to detect, respond and prevent cyber security incidents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和乌克兰数字贸易协定中的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 20 日，英国和乌克兰签署了数字贸易协定 (DTA)，旨在支持乌克兰经济并加强两国之间的数字商品和服务贸易。特别是，DTA 概述了促进网络安全合作和共享的措施。根据DTA，各国将建立检测、响应和预防网络安全事件的机制。" }, { "date": "11 August 2022", "title": "ICO Guidance on Appropriate and Lawful Use of AI and Personal Data", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/for-organisations/documents/4022261/how-to-use-ai-and-personal-data.pdf", "description": "On 8 November 2022, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published a piece of guidance titled “How to use AI and personal data appropriately and lawfully” which aims to promote an understanding of the proper use of personal data in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and to help organisations identify and mitigate potential data protection risks arising from the use of AI. In particular, ICO issues the following recommendations for organisations: (1) adopting a risk-based ap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 关于适当和合法使用人工智能和个人数据的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 8 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份题为“如何适当合法地使用人工智能和个人数据”的指南，旨在促进人们对人工智能 (AI) 背景下正确使用个人数据的理解，并帮助组织识别和减轻因使用人工智能而产生的潜在数据保护风险。特别是，ICO 向组织提出以下建议：(1) 采用基于风险的应用程序..." }, { "date": "16 December 2022", "title": "Ransomware inquiry by the Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/call-for-evidence/2958/", "description": "On 16 December 2022, the UK Parliament Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy (JCNSS) closed a public consultation on the issue of ransomware. The Committee sought input and suggestions on potential policy avenues to tackle the threat of ransomware. In particular, stakeholders were invited to provide information on sources of cyber vulnerability, methods of detection and recovery and how international cooperation could address global ransomware threats more efficiently.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家安全战略联合委员会调查勒索软件", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 16 日，英国议会国家安全战略联合委员会 (JCNSS) 结束了有关勒索软件问题的公众咨询。委员会就应对勒索软件威胁的潜在政策途径征求意见和建议。特别邀请利益相关者提供有关网络漏洞来源、检测和恢复方法以及国际合作如何更有效地应对全球勒索软件威胁的信息。" }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "Inquiry on Unauthorised access to online accounts and personal data", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/unauthorised-access-to-online-accounts-and-personal-data/call-for-information-unauthorised-access-to-online-accounts-and-personal-data", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the UK Home Office closed its public consultation for information regarding unauthorised access to online accounts and personal data in the context of reducing cybercrime and increasing the protection of personal accounts. Public views are sought on: risks associated with unauthorised access to UK citizens’ online accounts and personal data, actions that are currently taken to address the problem, and actions that should be taken to address the problem and where responsibi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "查询未经授权存取网上帐户及个人资料", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 27 日，英国内政部结束了关于在减少网络犯罪和加强个人账户保护的背景下未经授权访问在线账户和个人数据的信息的公众咨询。征求公众意见：与未经授权访问英国公民在线帐户和个人数据相关的风险、当前为解决该问题所采取的行动、为解决该问题应采取的行动以及责任所在……" }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Online Advertising for Gambling and Lotteries", "url": "https://www.asa.org.uk/resource/protecting-children-and-young-people-gambling-guidance-2022.html", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the Committee of Advertising Practice (CAP) and the Broadcast Committee of Advertising Practice published a gambling and lotteries guidance for the protection of minors. Specifically, the guidance prohibits online advertisers from promoting gambling and lotteries using images that strongly appeal to minors. Content to be avoided includes animation and references to video games or other youth-related interests. Advertisers are required to implement measures that prevent mino...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "赌博和彩票在线广告的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 1 日，广告实践委员会 (CAP) 和广播广告实践委员会发布了保护未成年人的赌博和彩票指南。具体来说，该指南禁止在线广告商使用对未成年人具有强烈吸引力的图片来宣传赌博和彩票。要避免的内容包括动画和提及视频游戏或其他与青少年相关的兴趣。广告商必须采取措施防止未成年人..." }, { "date": "2 February 2023", "title": "ICO statement on data breach notification rule (Regulation 5A PECR)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/02/update-on-the-ico-s-change-of-approach-to-regulating-communication-service-providers/", "description": "On 2 February 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) reviewed and updated its statement on the obligations of public electronic communications service providers (CSPs) under Regulation 5A of the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (PECR). Regulation 5A PECR implements the UK GDPR obligations, and it requires CSPs to notify the ICO of any personal data breach within 24 hours, otherwise, they may be fined GBP 1'000. However, in practice, the ICO notes that this pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 关于数据泄露通知规则的声明（条例 5A PECR）", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 2 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 审查并更新了其关于《2003 年隐私和电子通信条例》(PECR) 第 5A 条规定的公共电子通信服务提供商 (CSP) 义务的声明。 PECR 5A 条例履行了英国 GDPR 义务，要求 CSP 在 24 小时内将任何个人数据泄露情况通知 ICO，否则可能会被罚款 1,000 英镑。然而，在实践中，ICO 指出，这个项目..." }, { "date": "15 February 2023", "title": "Data protection recommendations in Children’s Code compliance guidelines for game designers", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/childrens-code-hub/top-tips-for-games-designers-how-to-comply-with-the-children-s-code", "description": "On 15 February 2023, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published guidelines for game designers on how to comply with the Children's Code 2021. The guidelines highlight that children's personal data should only be processed in ways that are not detrimental to their health or well-being. To this end, the guidelines contain recommendations for games designers, such as ensuring that all optional uses of personal data are off by default and only activated after consent is obtained fro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "游戏设计师《儿童守则》合规指南中的数据保护建议", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 15 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了游戏设计者如何遵守《2021 年儿童守则》的指南。该指南强调，儿童的个人数据只能以不损害其健康或福祉的方式进行处理。为此，该指南包含对游戏设计者的建议，例如确保默认情况下关闭个人数据的所有可选使用，并且仅在获得同意后才激活......" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on guidance on international data transfers including test to identify restricted transfers", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/international-transfers/a-guide-to-international-transfers/", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) adopted updated guidance on international transfers of personal information under the United Kingdom's General Data Protection Regulation. The guidance applies to organisations making cross-border transfers of personal data, including controllers and processors. It aims to streamline compliance by setting out a three-step test to identify restricted transfers, clarifying requirements, and reducing complexity. The updated guidance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际数据传输指南，包括识别受限传输的测试", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 15 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 根据英国《通用数据保护条例》通过了关于个人信息国际传输的更新指南。该指南适用于跨境传输个人数据的组织，包括控制者和处理者。它旨在通过制定三步测试来识别受限传输、澄清要求并降低复杂性来简化合规性。更新后的指导..." }, { "date": "13 February 2023", "title": "IPCO Advisory Notice on the UK-US Data Access Agreement", "url": "https://ipco-wpmedia-prod-s3.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/Advisory-Notice-1_2023-UK-US-DAA-Advisory-Notice-13-February-2023-4.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2023, the Investigatory Powers Commissioner's Office (IPCO) published an advisory notice concerning the oversight of the UK-US Data Access Agreement. The advisory notice by IPCO provides advice to both authorities and the general public regarding compliance with the UK-US Data Access Agreement. The Agreement aims to facilitate data transfers between the countries for the prosecution of crimes. In particular, telecommunications service providers will be required to offer access ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IPCO 关于英美数据访问协议的咨询通知", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 13 日，调查权力专员办公室 (IPCO) 发布了有关英美数据访问协议监督的咨询通知。 IPCO 的咨询通知向当局和公众提供有关遵守英美数据访问协议的建议。该协议旨在促进各国之间用于起诉犯罪的数据传输。特别是，电信服务提供商将被要求提供访问..." }, { "date": "5 January 2023", "title": "Policy Paper on Software Cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/call-for-views-on-software-resilience-and-security-for-businesses-and-organisations/call-for-views-on-software-resilience-and-security-for-businesses-and-organisations#introduction", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the consultation period on software cybersecurity closed. The consultation was opened on 6 February 2023, when the UK Government published a policy paper on software cybersecurity. The consultation aimed to gather information on software risks and cyber threats and the measures and practices businesses implement to create a secure software ecosystem. The information provided by stakeholders would be used by the UK Government to better mitigate the cyber risks involved with soft...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "软件网络安全政策文件", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 1 日，软件网络安全咨询期结束。磋商于 2023 年 2 月 6 日开始，当时英国政府发布了一份关于软件网络安全的政策文件。此次咨询旨在收集有关软件风险和网络威胁以及企业为创建安全软件生态系统而采取的措施和实践的信息。英国政府将使用利益相关者提供的信息来更好地减轻软..." }, { "date": "7 July 2022", "title": "ICO and NCSC Latter to Law Society on Stopping Advising Clients to Pay Ransomware Demands", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media/about-the-ico/documents/4020874/ico-ncsc-joint-letter-ransomware-202207.pdf", "description": "On 7 July 2022, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) published a letter to the Law Society. In it, the NCSC and ICO request the Law Society to relay to its members, that clients should never be advised to conform to ransomware demands and pay ransom requests. This is because paying ransom requests is neither an obligation under data protection law, nor is it a reasonable step to protect data. Furthermore, the individual risk is not reduc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 和 NCSC 向律师协会提出停止建议客户支付勒索软件要求的要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 7 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 和国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 向律师协会发表了一封信。在其中，NCSC 和 ICO 要求律师协会向其成员传达，绝不应建议客户遵守勒索软件要求并支付赎金请求。这是因为支付赎金请求既不是数据保护法规定的义务，也不是保护数据的合理步骤。此外，个人风险并没有降低..." }, { "date": "22 April 2024", "title": "Tribunal case on ICO action against Experian for unlawful processing of data", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Information-Commissioner-v-Experian-Judgement.pdf", "description": "On 22 April 2024, the UK Upper Tribunal (Administrative Appeals Chamber) dismissed the Information Commissioner's Appeal of the ruling of the First-Tier Tribunal (Information Rights) in its case against Experian for alleged unlawful processing of data. The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) required Experian Limited, a credit reference agency, to change its practices concerning personal data. In particular, it had been found that Experian had unfairly and unlawfully processed the persona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 针对 Experian 非法处理数据提起诉讼的法庭案件", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 22 日，英国高级法庭（行政上诉分庭）驳回了信息专员对第一级法庭（信息权）针对 Experian 涉嫌非法处理数据一案的裁决提出的上诉。信息专员办公室 (ICO) 要求信用咨询机构 Experian Limited 改变其有关个人数据的做法。特别是，我们发现 Experian 不公平且非法地处理了该人物……" }, { "date": "22 February 2023", "title": "ICO guidance for accountants on SME’s data protection compliance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/02/information-commissioners-office-calls-for-accountants-to-play-their-role-in-smes-data-protection-compliance/", "description": "On 22 February 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published key questions for accountants to ask SME clients to ensure data protection compliance, including the type of information the SME is collecting as part of their business operations. In particular, in its guidance, ICO notes that accountants should gather information on why the SME is holding personal information, what type of security measures SMEs have implemented for sensitive information and if the SME has adopted a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 为会计师提供的中小企业数据保护合规指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 22 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了会计师向中小企业客户提出的关键问题，以确保数据保护合规性，包括中小企业在业务运营中收集的信息类型。特别是，ICO 在其指南中指出，会计师应收集以下信息：中小企业为何持有个人信息、中小企业对敏感信息实施了哪些类型的安全措施以及中小企业是否采取了..." }, { "date": "10 December 2022", "title": "Guidance for Cybersecurity Assessment for Supply Chains", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/assess-supply-chain-cyber-security", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) issued a guideline on assessing supply chain cybersecurity and aimed at medium to large businesses. The guideline identifies five main stages, including knowledge acquisition, development of an assessment approach, application of the approach to new relationships, integration of approach into existing contracts, and continuous improvement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "供应链网络安全评估指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 12 日，英国国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 发布了针对大中型企业的供应链网络安全评估指南。该指南确定了五个主要阶段，包括知识获取、评估方法的制定、该方法在新关系中的应用、该方法与现有合同的整合以及持续改进。" }, { "date": "28 February 2023", "title": "ICO SME Data Essentials pilot", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/02/ico-publishes-sme-data-essentials-pilot-evaluation-report/", "description": "On 28 February 2023, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published the “SME Data Essentials pilot evaluation report”. The pilot forms part of the ICO’s three-year strategic plan to assist UK businesses in the management of their data compliance which aims to improve SME’s compliance with relevant data protection legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 中小企业数据要点试点", "description_zh": "2023年2月28日，英国信息专员办公室（ICO）发布了《中小企业数据要素试点评估报告》。该试点是 ICO 协助英国企业管理数据合规性的三年战略计划的一部分，旨在提高中小企业对相关数据保护立法的合规性。" }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Data Protection and Digital Information (No. 2) Bill", "url": "https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2023/april-2023/data-protection-and-digital-information--no.2-bill-call-for-written-evidence/", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the UK Parliament rejected the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill, including cybersecurity regulation, after the Bill was not adopted or carried over to the next session of Parliament following its dissolution. The Bill would have amended the UK Data Protection Regulation provisions in regard to the obligations of entities to safeguard the personal data they store. In particular, the Bill would have required entities to adopt “appropriate measures, including technica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护和数字信息（第2号）法案中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 30 日，英国议会否决了《数据保护和数字信息法案》，其中包括网络安全监管，因为该法案在解散后没有被通过或延续到下届议会会议。该法案将修改英国数据保护条例中有关实体保护其存储的个人数据的义务的条款。特别是，该法案将要求实体采取“适当的措施，包括技术......" }, { "date": "13 March 2023", "title": "Integrated Review Refresh 2023", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1142616/11857435_NS_IR_Refresh_2023_Supply_AllPages_Revision_4_WEB_PDF_NoCrops_-_gov.uk.pdf", "description": "On 13 March 2023, the Integrated Review Refresh (IRR) 2023 was published to outline UK government priorities regarding security, defence, development, and foreign policy. A priority area of Pillar 3 of the IRR, which aims to \"address vulnerabilities through resilience\", is cybersecurity and resilience. In relation to this priority area, the IRR mentions the sustained importance of the 2022 National Cyber Strategy and the 2022 Government Cyber Security Strategy, as well as a number of other go...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年综合审查更新", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 13 日，发布了 2023 年综合审查更新 (IRR)，概述了英国政府在安全、国防、发展和外交政策方面的优先事项。 IRR 第三支柱的一个优先领域是网络安全和复原力，旨在“通过复原力解决脆弱性”。关于这一优先领域，IRR 提到了 2022 年国家网络战略和 2022 年政府网络安全战略以及许多其他目标的持续重要性。" }, { "date": "16 March 2023", "title": "Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) Enforcement Notice regarding online advertising of heating devices", "url": "https://www.asa.org.uk/resource/enforcement-notice-electric-plug-in-mini-heaters.html", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) implemented its Enforcement Notice regarding advertisements of mobile heating devices making exaggerated claims that these products are a viable alternative to central heating, prioritising enforcement action against online advertisements on content discovery networks, but extending to other forms of non-compliant advertisements, including online advertorials. The ASA considers such claims to be in violation of the Committee of Adver...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "广告标准局 (ASA) 关于加热设备在线广告的执法通知", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 16 日，广告标准局 (ASA) 实施了关于移动供暖设备广告的执法通知，夸大地声称这些产品是中央供暖的可行替代品，优先对内容发现网络上的在线广告采取执法行动，但也扩展到其他形式的不合规广告，包括在线广告。 ASA 认为此类主张违反了广告委员会的规定……" }, { "date": "19 May 2023", "title": "ICO Guidance for \"Likely to be accessed\" by children under the Children’s code", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-guidance-for-likely-to-be-accessed-in-the-context-of-the-children-s-code/", "description": "On 19 May 2023, the public consultation closes on the United Kingdom Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) draft guidance documents, including factors, case studies, and a draft impact assessment, clarifying the definition of information services that are “likely to be assessed” by children in the context of the Children’s Code. The update to the Guidelines follows the ICO clarification in September 2022 that adult-only services fall under the Code only if they are “likely to be assessed by...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据儿童代码，儿童“可能被访问”的 ICO 指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 19 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 指导文件草案的公众咨询结束，其中包括因素、案例研究和影响评估草案，澄清了《儿童法典》中儿童“可能评估”的信息服务的定义。该指南的更新遵循 ICO 于 2022 年 9 月澄清的规定，即仅限成人的服务只有“可能由......评估”时才属于该准则的管辖范围。" }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "CMA investigation into private hospitals for failure to provide data on performance and patient outcomes", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/action-against-private-hospitals-to-boost-patients-access-to-information", "description": "On 12 April 2023, following an investigation into the private healthcare sector, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) sent warning letters to two private hospitals, the Ulster Independent Clinic and the Fortius Clinic, for failing to provide data on performance and patient outcomes. This breached the Private Healthcare Market Investigation Order 2014, which stipulates that private healthcare providers have to supply information to the Private Healthcare Information Network (PHIN) fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CMA 调查私立医院未能提供绩效和患者结果数据", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 12 日，在对私营医疗保健行业进行调查后，英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 向阿尔斯特独立诊所和 Fortius 诊所这两家私立医院发出了警告信，因为它们未能提供有关绩效和患者结果的数据。这违反了 2014 年私人医疗保健市场调查令，该令规定私人医疗保健提供者必须向私人医疗保健信息网络 (PHIN) 提供信息，以..." }, { "date": "5 February 2024", "title": "ICO investigation into Join The Triboo for allegedly sending spam without user consent", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/05/first-tier-tribunal-ruling-on-join-the-triboo-appeal/", "description": "On 2 May 2024, the First-tier Tribunal (General Regulatory Chamber) issued a ruling on the appeal of Join The Triboo against a decision by the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). The appeal was in response to a fine of GDP 130'000 and an enforcement notice issued by the ICO in April 2023. The ICO penalised the online recruitment firm for sending 107 million spam emails to over 400'000 individuals without their consent between August 2019 and August 2020. In its judgment, the Tribuna...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 对 Join The Triboo 涉嫌未经用户同意发送垃圾邮件的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 2 日，一级法庭（总监管庭）就 Join The Triboo 针对英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 决定提出的上诉作出裁决。该上诉是针对 ICO 于 2023 年 4 月发出的 GDP 130'000 罚款和执行通知的回应。ICO 对这家在线招聘公司进行了处罚，因为该公司在 2019 年 8 月至 2020 年 8 月期间未经个人同意向超过 400'000 人发送了 1.07 亿垃圾邮件。在其判决中，Tribuna..." }, { "date": "23 August 2024", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Media Act", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2024/858/made", "description": "On 23 August 2024, multiple provisions of the Media Act 2024 are implemented, as specified by The Media Act 2024 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2024. The Act amends the Communications Act 2003 by giving the Office of Communications (Ofcom) new powers to regulate \"on-demand programme services\". Furthermore, video-on-demand providers not currently regulated in the UK but who target and profit from UK audiences will also be brought under Ofcom's jurisdiction.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《媒体法》中的内容审核机构治理", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 23 日，根据《2024 年媒体法（第 1 号生效）2024 年条例》的规定，实施《2024 年媒体法》的多项条款。该法修订了《2003 年通信法》，赋予通信办公室 (Ofcom) 监管“点播节目服务”的新权力。此外，目前在英国不受监管但以英国观众为目标并从中获利的视频点播提供商也将受到 Ofcom 的管辖。" }, { "date": "24 May 2024", "title": "United Kingdom Content moderation regulation in Media Act", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3505", "description": "On 24 May 2024, the Media Bill entered into force with a grace period until its full implementation by legislative instrument. Under the Bill, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) would be required to carry out a review of audience protection measures adopted by “on-demand programme service providers” non-UK on-demand programme services to ensure that audiences are appropriately protected from harmful content. This would include an examination of how children can access public service content...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国《媒体法》中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 24 日，《媒体法案》生效，并有一段宽限期，直至通过立法文书全面实施。根据该法案，通信办公室（Ofcom）将被要求对“点播节目服务提供商”非英国点播节目服务所采取的观众保护措施进行审查，以确保观众得到适当的保护，免受有害内容的侵害。这将包括检查儿童如何获取公共服务内容......" }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Cross-border data transfer requirements in Amendment of the Data Protection Act 2018 under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/2045", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the cross-border data transfer provisions of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 entered into force. The Act amends the Data Protection Act 2018 by changing some of the provisions connected to the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the amendment provides the Secretary of State the power to adopt decisions about the adequacy of third countries as regards the protection of personal data. The Secretary of State also keeps the power to emit regula...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2018 年欧盟（退出）法》下《2018 年数据保护法修正案》中的跨境数据传输要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 1 日，2018 年欧盟（退出）法案的跨境数据传输条款生效。该法案修订了《2018 年数据保护法》，更改了与欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 相关的一些条款。特别是，该修正案赋予国务卿就第三国在个人数据保护方面是否充分做出决定的权力。国务卿还保留发布法规的权力..." }, { "date": "7 June 2023", "title": "UK submission to join the CBPR as an Associate", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/the-forum-welcomes-the-uk-as-an-associate/", "description": "On 6 July 2023, the Global Cross Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum announced that the UK became the first jurisdiction to join as an Associate since the Forum started accepting applications for participation by interested jurisdictions in April 2023. The CBPR is an expansion of the Cross-Border Privacy Rules System of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), which enables voluntary data protection certification for companies to transfer data between participating countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国提交申请加入 CBPR 作为准会员", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 6 日，全球跨境隐私规则 (CBPR) 论坛宣布，自论坛于 2023 年 4 月开始接受感兴趣的司法管辖区参与申请以来，英国成为第一个以准会员身份加入的司法管辖区。CBPR 是亚太经济合作组织 (APEC) 跨境隐私规则体系的扩展，使公司能够在参与国之间传输数据时获得自愿数据保护认证。" }, { "date": "19 May 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on misuse of medical data (Prismall v Google)", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Prismall-v-Google.pdf", "description": "On 19 May 2023, the UK High Court of Justice issued a ruling in the Prismall lawsuit against Google and its AI division DeepMind. The lawsuit is a class-action lawsuit on behalf of 1.6 million NHS patients whose medical records were used without their consent. Specifically, the lawsuit concerns a claim from 2016 where NHS patient data was transferred to DeepMind as part of a new app development project by the Royal Free NHS Trust in London. The claimant argued that data protection laws were v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "滥用医疗数据诉讼（Prismall 诉 Google）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 19 日，英国高等法院就针对谷歌及其人工智能部门 DeepMind 的 Prismall 诉讼做出裁决。该诉讼是代表 160 万 NHS 患者的集体诉讼，这些患者的医疗记录在未经其同意的情况下被使用。具体来说，该诉讼涉及 2016 年的一项索赔，当时 NHS 患者数据被转移到 DeepMind，作为伦敦皇家自由 NHS 信托基金新应用程序开发项目的一部分。原告辩称，数据保护法..." }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "ICO Guidelines on responding to subject access requests", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/employers/sars-qa-for-employers/", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted Guidelines on responding to subject access requests, outlining penalties that employers face in case of non-compliance. The Guidelines are addressed to employers that process subject access requests (SAR) for personal information in the company, provide information on when to comply with a SAR and the information that can be disclosed. The individuals have the right to obtain personal information such as absences, personal de...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 响应主题访问请求的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 24 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 通过了《响应主体访问请求指南》，概述了雇主在不遵守规定的情况下面临的处罚。该指南适用于处理公司个人信息主体访问请求 (SAR) 的雇主，提供有关何时遵守 SAR 的信息以及可以披露的信息。个人有权获取缺勤、个人情况等个人信息..." }, { "date": "16 May 2023", "title": "Ofcom Investigation into Secure Live Media regarding age-verification measures", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/bulletins/enforcement-bulletin/open-cases/cw_01272", "description": "On 16 May 2023, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced the launch of an investigation into the video-sharing platform Service Live Media, Ltd. In particular, Ofcom will investigate whether Service Live Media failed to comply with its legal duty to notify Ofcom before it started to offer the adult video-sharing platform CamSoda. Additionally, Ofcom will investigate whether the company implemented appropriate measures to protect minors from accessing restricted adult material.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对安全直播媒体有关年龄验证措施的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 16 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布对视频共享平台 Service Live Media, Ltd. 展开调查。特别是，Ofcom 将调查 Service Live Media 在开始提供成人视频共享平台 CamSoda 之前是否未履行通知 Ofcom 的法律义务。此外，Ofcom 将调查该公司是否采取了适当措施来保护未成年人访问受限的成人材料。" }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "ICO outline on neurotechnology and discrimination", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/06/ico-warns-of-real-danger-of-discrimination-in-new-technologies-that-monitor-the-brain/", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a warning to inform of the risks of discrimination bias with newly emerging neurotechnologies if certain precautions are not considered. Neurotechnology predicts and analyses using data from the brain and nervous system. Discrimination in neurotechnology could occur where models are developed that contain bias, leading to inaccurate data and assumptions about people and communities. The risks of inaccurate data emerge when dev...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于神经技术和歧视的 ICO 大纲", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发出警告，告知如果不考虑某些预防措施，新兴神经技术可能存在歧视偏见的风险。神经技术使用来自大脑和神经系统的数据进行预测和分析。如果开发的模型包含偏见，神经技术中的歧视可能会发生，导致有关人和社区的数据和假设不准确。开发时会出现数据不准确的风险..." }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "Export controls for sensitive technologies in UK-US Atlantic Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/06/08/the-atlantic-declaration-a-framework-for-a-twenty-first-century-u-s-uk-economic-partnership/", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the President of the United States signed the Atlantic Declaration, an economic partnership agreement, including export control for sensitive technologies provisions. In particular, the parties stated they would collaborate to coordinate and enhance the export controls for sensitive and dual-use emerging technologies and technologies that could have an impact on national security. Furthermore, the parties agreed to coordinate their ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英美大西洋宣言中敏感技术的出口管制", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，英国首相和美国总统签署了《大西洋宣言》，这是一项经济伙伴关系协议，其中包括敏感技术出口管制条款。双方特别表示将合作协调和加强对敏感和两用新兴技术以及可能影响国家安全的技术的出口管制。此外，双方同意协调他们的..." }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "Safety Tech Sector 2023 analysis", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-leads-the-world-in-providing-tech-to-keep-us-safe-online", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology issued Safety Tech Sector 2023 analysis. The analysis focuses on enhancing online safety, protecting users from harmful content, and supporting the identification of fraudulent advertising. The report notes that the growth of the sector is underpinned by support for exporting companies, an emerging regulatory landscape such as the Online Safety Bill, and the sector's role in reducing online harm. Further, the report states...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年安全技术行业分析", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，科学、创新和技术部发布了《2023 年安全技术行业分析》。该分析的重点是增强在线安全、保护用户免受有害内容的侵害以及支持欺诈广告的识别。报告指出，该行业的增长得益于对出口公司的支持、网络安全法案等新兴监管环境以及该行业在减少网络伤害方面的作用。此外，报告指出..." }, { "date": "21 March 2023", "title": "OfCom consultation on minor protection under Online Safety Bill", "url": "OFCOM public consultation on children online protection", "description": "On 21 March 2023, OFCOM (Office of Communications of United Kingdom) closed a public consultation. During the public consulation, Ofcom gathered evidence on risks to children online and how they can be addressed to implement online safety regulations under the Online Safety Bill. The consultation was necessary for the subsequent development of codes of conduct for child protection and the production of a risk assessment guide.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OfCom 就《在线安全法案》中的未成年人保护进行咨询", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 21 日，OFCOM（英国通信办公室）结束了公众咨询。在公众咨询期间，Ofcom 收集了有关儿童上网面临的风险以及如何解决这些风险的证据，以实施《在线安全法案》下的在线安全法规。此次磋商对于随后制定儿童保护行为守则和风险评估指南的制定是必要的。" }, { "date": "7 March 2023", "title": "Announced Pornography review to tackle exploitative and abusive content online", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pornography-review-launched-to-ensure-strongest-safeguards", "description": "On 3 July 2023, the UK announced the launch of a pornography review into existing regulations to ensure their effectiveness in addressing exploitation and abuse. The review will examine gaps in UK legislation that enable abuse and hinder law enforcement. It will focus on the criminal justice system with its law enforcement agencies and assess its responsiveness to illegal pornographic content. The initiative was prompted by parliamentarians and campaign groups concerned about the prevalence a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宣布色情审查以解决在线剥削和虐待内容", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 3 日，英国宣布对现有法规启动色情审查，以确保其有效解决剥削和虐待问题。此次审查将审查英国立法中导致滥用和阻碍执法的漏洞。它将重点关注刑事司法系统及其执法机构，并评估其对非法色情内容的反应。该倡议是由担心流行病的议员和运动团体发起的。" }, { "date": "7 July 2023", "title": "UK-Guernsey law enforcement data adequacy decision", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-finalises-first-law-enforcement-data-adequacy-decision", "description": "On 7 July 2023, the UK government announced it had adopted its first law enforcement data adequacy decision after leaving the EU, which will enable personal data to be more freely transferred from UK law enforcement to authorities in the Bailiwick of Guernsey for law enforcement purposes. The law enforcement data adequacy decision was adopted after the UK determined that Guernsey has the necessary data protection and privacy standards needed to safeguard UK personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国-根西岛执法数据充分性决定", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 7 日，英国政府宣布在离开欧盟后通过了第一个执法数据充分性决定，这将使个人数据能够更自由地从英国执法部门转移到根西岛管辖区当局以用于执法目的。在英国确定根西岛具备保护英国个人数据所需的必要数据保护和隐私标准后，通过了执法数据充分性决定。" }, { "date": "9 May 2023", "title": "Inquiry into large language models", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/call-for-evidence/3183", "description": "On 5 September 2023, the Communications and Digital Committee of the UK Parliament closed its public consultation into large language. The inquiry aims to examine the necessary measures to be undertaken over the next 1-3 years to ensure the country is adequately prepared to address the opportunities and risks associated with large language models, a type of generative AI, which have attracted significant interest for their ability to produce human-like text, code and translations. The inquiry...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大语言模型探究", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 5 日，英国议会通信和数字委员会结束了大语言的公众咨询。该调查旨在审查未来 1-3 年要采取的必要措施，以确保该国做好充分准备，应对与大型语言模型相关的机遇和风险。大型语言模型是一种生成人工智能，因其生成类人文本、代码和翻译的能力而引起了人们的极大兴趣。调查..." }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Online Safety Act category thresholds with additional obligations based on platform size", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/226/introduction/made", "description": "On 27 February 2025, the thresholds for categorising digital services under the Online Safety Act came into force, defining the criteria for Category 1, Category 2A and Category 2B services. This follows parliamentary approval of the regulations on 26 February 2025. The regulations, based on advice from Ofcom, define Category 1 services as those with either more than 34 million UK users and a content recommendation system, or more than 7 million UK users, a content recommendation system and f...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《在线安全法》类别阈值以及基于平台规模的附加义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 27 日，《在线安全法》下的数字服务分类门槛生效，定义了 1 类、2A 类和 2B 类服务的标准。在此之前，议会于 2025 年 2 月 26 日批准了该法规。该法规根据 Ofcom 的建议，将 1 类服务定义为拥有超过 3400 万英国用户和内容推荐系统的服务，或超过 700 万英国用户、内容推荐系统和内容推荐系统的服务。" }, { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "ICO investigation into WorldCoin regarding data governance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/07/ico-statement-on-worldcoin/", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a statement on the launch of WorldCoin in the UK. WorldCoin is a cryptocurrency project that uses iris biometrics as a secure authentication method for its transactions and designed to become the world's largest human identity and financial network. The ICO clarifies, that prior to commencing with any data processing activities that may lead to high-risk outcomes, such as handling special category biometric data, organis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对 WorldCoin 数据治理的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 31 日，英国信息专员办公室（ICO）就 WorldCoin 在英国推出发表声明。 WorldCoin 是一个加密货币项目，使用虹膜生物识别技术作为其交易的安全身份验证方法，旨在成为世界上最大的人类身份和金融网络。 ICO 澄清，在开始任何可能导致高风险结果的数据处理活动之前，例如处理特殊类别的生物识别数据，组织..." }, { "date": "8 February 2023", "title": "ICO review of Meta's practice on user consent for targeted ads", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/08/ico-statement-on-meta/", "description": "On 2 August 2023, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) announced it would review whether Meta’s plans to request consent from users for behavioural advertising in the EU, to the exclusion of the UK would impact information rights of people in the UK. The statement follows the announcement made by Meta on 1 August 2023 regarding its intention to seek consent from users in the European Union before allowing businesses to target advertising based on their views on platforms such as F...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对 Meta 在用户同意定向广告方面的做法进行审查", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 2 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 宣布将审查 Meta 征求用户同意在欧盟（不包括英国）投放行为广告的计划是否会影响英国人的信息权。在此声明之前，Meta 于 2023 年 8 月 1 日宣布，其打算在允许企业根据 F..." }, { "date": "20 October 2023", "title": "ICO guidance on biometric data and biometric technologies", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/08/ico-consultation-on-the-draft-biometric-data-guidance/", "description": "On 20 October 2023, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) closed its public consultation on the Draft Biometric Data Guidance. The guidance outlines information on the data protection laws that apply to the use of biometric data in biometric recognition systems. The guidance is addressed to vendors, developers and organisations using biometric recognition systems, addressing both controllers and processors. The guidance based on UK GDPR defines biometric data and its special category cl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于生物识别数据和生物识别技术的 ICO 指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 20 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了生物识别数据指南草案的公众咨询。该指南概述了适用于生物识别系统中生物识别数据使用的数据保护法的信息。该指南面向使用生物识别系统的供应商、开发人员和组织，涉及控制器和处理器。该指南基于英国GDPR定义了生物识别数据及其特殊类别..." }, { "date": "15 September 2023", "title": "ICO inquiry into illegal proposition to customers using personal information provided in a business context", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/08/one-in-three-young-people-falling-prey-to-text-pests-as-ico-calls-for-victims-to-come-forward/", "description": "On 15 September 2023, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation in the inquiry into “text pests”. The aim of the inquiry is to assist the regulator in gathering evidence regarding the impact of this illicit conduct. “Text pests” are individuals who exploit personal details, such as phone numbers or email addresses shared in a professional context, for unwelcome romantic or sexual advances. This initiative follows recent research commissioned by the ICO, which unve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 调查利用商业环境中提供的个人信息向客户提出非法建议", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 15 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了对“文本害虫”调查的咨询。调查的目的是协助监管机构收集有关这种非法行为影响的证据。 “短信害虫”是指利用个人详细信息（例如在专业环境中共享的电话号码或电子邮件地址）进行不受欢迎的浪漫或性挑衅的个人。这项举措是继 ICO 最近委托进行的研究之后推出的，该研究揭示了..." }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "Culture, Media and Sport Committee inquiry into Connected tech: AI and creative technology", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/41145/documents/201678/default/", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the UK Parliament Culture, Media and Sport Committee (CMS Committee) published its Eleventh Report of Session 2022–23 following the inquiry into Connected tech: AI and creative technology. In the report on connected technology, the CMS Committee has called on the government to reconsider its plans to exempt artificial intelligence (AI) developers from copyright protection when using existing music, literature, and art for training AI. The committee argues that this exemptio...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "文化、媒体和体育委员会对互联技术的调查：人工智能和创意技术", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 30 日，英国议会文化、媒体和体育委员会（CMS 委员会）在对互联技术：人工智能和创意技术进行调查后发布了 2022-23 年第十一次会议报告。在有关互联技术的报告中，CMS委员会呼吁政府重新考虑其在使用现有音乐、文学和艺术来训练人工智能时免除人工智能（AI）开发者版权保护的计划。委员会认为，这项豁免..." }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "ICO Guidance on sending bulk communications by email", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/08/ico-publishes-new-guidance-on-sending-bulk-communications-by-email/", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a guidance regarding the obligation to protect personal data when sending bulk emails. The ICO advises organisations to refrain from using the blind carbon copy (BCC) email function for sending sensitive personal information due to the privacy risks it entails. In addition, the ICO stressed that BCC alone is insufficient for safeguarding personal data and recommended alternatives such as bulk email services, mail merge, or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于通过电子邮件发送批量通信的 ICO 指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 30 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了关于发送批量电子邮件时保护个人数据义务的指南。 ICO 建议组织不要使用密件抄送 (BCC) 电子邮件功能发送敏感个人信息，因为它会带来隐私风险。此外，ICO 强调仅 BCC 不足以保护个人数据，并推荐替代方案，例如批量电子邮件服务、邮件合并或......" }, { "date": "9 July 2023", "title": "ICO inquiry into period and fertility tracking apps over data security concerns", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/09/ico-to-review-period-and-fertility-tracking-apps/", "description": "On 7 September 2023, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) announced an inquiry into period and fertility tracking apps in response to concerns over data security. A poll commissioned by the ICO revealed that women are more worried about how their data is used and its security than the cost or ease of use when choosing such apps. The research also found that a third of women use these apps and over half of users have noticed an increase in fertility-related ads. The ICO is encouragin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "因数据安全问题对经期和生育追踪应用程序进行 ICO 调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 7 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 宣布对经期和生育跟踪应用程序进行调查，以回应对数据安全的担忧。 ICO 委托进行的一项民意调查显示，女性在选择此类应用程序时更担心自己的数据如何使用及其安全性，而不是成本或易用性。研究还发现，三分之一的女性使用这些应用程序，超过一半的用户注意到与生育相关的广告有所增加。 ICO 鼓励..." }, { "date": "31 December 2023", "title": "Data Protection (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) (Amendment) Regulations 2023", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-data-protection-fundamental-rights-and-freedoms-amendment-regulations-2023", "description": "On 31 December 2023, the Data Protection (Fundamental Rights and Freedoms) (Amendment) Regulations 2023 were implemented. The Regulations amend the UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018 where, currently, the definition of fundamental rights and freedoms in the Data Protection Regulations refer to rights from retained EU law which will no longer be applicable in the UK by the end of 2023. Under the new Regulations, fundamental rights will instead refer to the rights contained in the Europea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年数据保护（基本权利和自由）（修正案）条例", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 31 日，《2023 年数据保护（基本权利和自由）（修正案）条例》开始实施。该条例修订了英国 GDPR 和 2018 年数据保护法，目前，数据保护条例中基本权利和自由的定义是指保留的欧盟法律中的权利，该法律到 2023 年底将不再适用于英国。根据新条例，基本权利将指欧洲法律中包含的权利。" }, { "date": "18 September 2023", "title": "CMA principles to guide competitive AI markets and protect consumers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/proposed-principles-to-guide-competitive-ai-markets-and-protect-consumers", "description": "On 18 September 2023, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) published its proposed draft principles to guide competitive Artificial Intelligence (AI) markets and protect consumers. The proposed guiding principles aim to ensure accountability, access, diversity, choice, flexibility, fair dealing, and transparency in the development and use of foundation models (FMs). FMs are versatile AI systems that can be adapted for various purposes and have the potential to drive innovation and ec...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 指导竞争性人工智能市场和保护消费者的原则", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 18 日，英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 发布了指导竞争性人工智能 (AI) 市场和保护消费者的拟议原则草案。拟议的指导原则旨在确保基金会模型（FM）开发和使用的问责制、准入、多样性、选择、灵活性、公平交易和透明度。 FM 是多功能人工智能系统，可适应各种目的，并有潜力推动创新和生态..." }, { "date": "19 September 2023", "title": "Authorisation system for AI and digital innovations", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-advisory-service-to-help-businesses-launch-ai-and-digital-innovations", "description": "On 19 September 2023, the UK Government adopted a new advisory service to assist businesses in launching Artificial intelligence (AI) systems and digital innovations while ensuring they comply with regulatory standards. The initiative aims to establish an authorisation system for AI and digital innovations meeting regulatory standards to enable entities to make them available faster on the market. A pilot scheme is set to launch in the next year, involving multiple regulators offering tailore...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能和数字创新授权体系", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 19 日，英国政府采用了一项新的咨询服务，以协助企业推出人工智能 (AI) 系统和数字创新，同时确保它们符合监管标准。该倡议旨在建立符合监管标准的人工智能和数字创新授权系统，使实体能够更快地将其推向市场。一项试点计划将于明年启动，涉及多个监管机构，提供量身定制的..." }, { "date": "20 September 2023", "title": "Guidance on End-to-end encryption and child safety including request to social media platforms", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/end-to-end-encryption-and-child-safety", "description": "On 20 September 2023, the UK Government published a Guidance on End-to-end encryption and child safety. The Guidance describes the functioning and uses of End-to-end encryption (E2EE) and its implications for child safety on online platforms. The Guidance also includes a request to social media platforms, and especially Meta, which plans to implement E2EE for the direct messaging functions of its platforms Facebook and Instagram, to implement sufficient safety measures to protect children fro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "端到端加密和儿童安全指南，包括向社交媒体平台提出请求", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 20 日，英国政府发布了《端到端加密和儿童安全指南》。该指南描述了端到端加密 (E2EE) 的功能和用途及其对在线平台上儿童安全的影响。该指南还要求社交媒体平台，特别是 Meta，计划为其 Facebook 和 Instagram 平台的直接消息传递功能实施 E2EE，以实施足够的安全措施，以保护儿童免受侵害。" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Inquiry into Regulation of Electronic Programme Guides regarding applicability of Ofcom content rules to online TV channels", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-the-regulation-of-additional-electronic-programme-guides/regulation-of-additional-electronic-programme-guides-consultation-document#updating-the-uk-broadcasting-framework", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the UK Department for Culture, Media, and Sport closed its consultation on the regulation of Electronic Programme Guides (EPGs) regarding the applicability of Ofcom content rules to online TV channels. The government is considering expanding the scope Ofcom's content regulations to include further EPGs, including many accessible via the internet and smart TVs. Currently, many internet-based TV channels operate without the same regulatory oversight as traditional broadcast...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 Ofcom 内容规则对在线电视频道的适用性的电子节目指南监管调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，英国文化、媒体和体育部结束了关于 Ofcom 内容规则对在线电视频道的适用性的电子节目指南 (EPG) 监管的磋商。政府正在考虑扩大 Ofcom 内容监管的范围，以纳入更多 EPG，其中包括许多可通过互联网和智能电视访问的内容。目前，许多基于互联网的电视频道的运营没有与传统广播相同的监管......" }, { "date": "10 December 2023", "title": "Data Protection (Adequacy) (United States of America) Regulations 2023", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/1028/made/data.pdf", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the Data Protection (Adequacy) (United States of America) Regulations 2023 entered into force. The regulations, issued under the authority of the Data Protection Act 2018, declare that the United States of America provides an adequate level of personal data protection for specific transfers. In addition, the regulations state that when personal data is transferred to entities in the United States of America that are part of the UK Extension to the EU-US Data Privacy Frame...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年数据保护（充分性）（美利坚合众国）条例", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 12 日，《2023 年数据保护（充分性）（美利坚合众国）条例》生效。该法规根据 2018 年《数据保护法》授权发布，声明美利坚合众国为特定传输提供足够水平的个人数据保护。此外，法规规定，当个人数据传输到属于英国欧盟-美国数据隐私框架扩展的一部分的美国实体时......" }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "ICO Data Protection Fining Guidance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/03/ico-publishes-new-fining-guidance/", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) adopted the Data Protection Fining Guidance under the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018). The guidance outlines the legal framework that enables ICO to impose fines, the factors assessed in the decision to impose a penalty and the fine amount. Furthermore, the guidance specifies ICO's approach in cases of multiple infringements, noting that the fine will not exceed the penalt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 数据保护罚款指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 18 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 根据英国通用数据保护条例 (UK GDPR) 和 2018 年数据保护法 (DPA 2018) 采用了数据保护罚款指南。该指南概述了 ICO 罚款的法律框架、罚款决定中评估的因素以及罚款金额。此外，该指南还明确了 ICO 在多重侵权情况下的处理方法，并指出罚款不会超过处罚金额……" }, { "date": "10 October 2023", "title": "FCA Enforcement of Rules on Online Financial Promotion of Cryptoassets", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/statements/fca-imposes-restrictions-rebuildingsocietycom-ltd", "description": "On 10 October 2023, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) imposed restrictions on \"rebuildingsociety.com Ltd\", a peer-to-peer platform, preventing it from approving cryptoasset financial promotions. The measure restricts the website's ability to promote investments in unregistered cryptoasset firms, including its partner Binance.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCA 执行加密资产在线金融推广规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 10 日，英国金融行为监管局 (FCA) 对点对点平台“rebuildingsociety.com Ltd”实施限制，阻止其批准加密资产金融促销活动。该措施限制了该网站促进对未注册加密资产公司（包括其合作伙伴币安）投资的能力。" }, { "date": "11 October 2023", "title": "UK Cyber Resilience and Critical National Infrastructure", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/135/science-innovation-and-technology-committee/news/198084/how-resilient-is-uk-critical-national-infrastructure-to-cyberattack/", "description": "On 10 November 2023, the UK Science, Innovation and Technology Committee closed its public consultation on the cyber resilience of the UK’s critical national infrastructure (CNI). The consultation focuses on evaluating the types and sources of cyber threats to CNI that are crucial for the UK's digital economy, such as communications, energy, government, and finance. In addition, it assesses the effectiveness of the UK Government's cyber strategies, the leadership provided by various entities...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国网络弹性和关键国家基础设施", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 10 日，英国科学、创新和技术委员会结束了关于英国关键国家基础设施 (CNI) 网络弹性的公众咨询。此次磋商的重点是评估对英国数字经济至关重要的 CNI 网络威胁的类型和来源，例如通信、能源、政府和金融。此外，它还评估了英国政府网络战略的有效性、各个实体提供的领导力......" }, { "date": "19 April 2024", "title": "Ofcom best practice principles for on-platform interventions to promote media", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-2-6-weeks/270395---media-literacy-by-design/associated-documents/best-practice-principles-media-literacy.pdf?v=357138", "description": "On 19 April 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted the best practice principles for on-platform interventions to promote media literacy. The principles apply to social media, search, video-sharing, and gaming platforms. The principles encourage platforms to anticipate user needs, support user choice, and provide learning opportunities. The principles highlight interventions, including labels, overlays, pop-ups, notifications, and resources, which help users critically engage with ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 平台干预措施促进媒体传播的最佳实践原则", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 19 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 采用了平台干预的最佳实践原则，以提高媒体素养。这些原则适用于社交媒体、搜索、视频共享和游戏平台。这些原则鼓励平台预测用户需求、支持用户选择并提供学习机会。这些原则强调了干预措施，包括标签、覆盖、弹出窗口、通知和资源，可帮助用户批判性地参与......" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "FCA Guidance for Crypto Firms' Compliance with Marketing Rules", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/news-stories/guidance-crypto-firms-help-them-comply-marketing-rules", "description": "On 2 November 2023, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) published a guidance on Cryptoasset Financial Promotions to clarify the marketing rules that apply to crypto firms. Following the implementation of the Financial Promotion Rules on 8 October 2023, cryptoasset promotions now fall within the regulatory scope of the FCA. The guideline clarifies the duty to undertake extensive due diligence on the cryptoassets that are to be promoted. Furthermore, crypto asset financial promotions have to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCA 关于加密货币公司遵守营销规则的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 2 日，金融行为监管局 (FCA) 发布了加密资产金融促销指南，以澄清适用于加密货币公司的营销规则。自 2023 年 10 月 8 日《金融促销规则》实施后，加密资产促销现已纳入 FCA 的监管范围。该指南明确了对要推广的加密资产进行广泛尽职调查的义务。此外，加密资产金融促销必须......" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "ICO investigation into Divigo Media, MCP Online and Argentum Data Solutions regarding illegal direct marketing", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/11/information-commissioner-s-office-issues-three-fines-totalling-170-000-for-illegal-direct-marketing/", "description": "On 2 November 2023, the UK Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a decision in the investigation into Divigo Media, MCP Online, and Argentum Data Solutions regarding illegal direct marketing under the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR). Divigo Media was fined GBP 50'000 for sending more than 415'000 text messages without valid consent. MCP Online was fined GBP 55'000 for making 20'939 unwanted direct marketing calls to people on the Telephone Preference Service ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 对 Divigo Media、MCP Online 和 Argentum Data Solutions 非法直销进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 2 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一项决定，对 Divigo Media、MCP Online 和 Argentum Data Solutions 依据《隐私和电子通信条例》(PECR) 进行的非法直销进行调查。 Divigo Media 因未经有效同意发送超过 415,000 条短信而被罚款 50,000 英镑。 MCP Online 因向电话偏好服务中的用户拨打 20'939 次不必要的直接营销电话而被罚款 55'000 英镑......" }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "Ofcom gudiance on protecting people from animal cruelty and human torture content online under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/protecting-people-from-animal-cruelty-and-human-torture-content-online/", "description": "On 13 September 2024, Ofcom closed its consultation on strengthening its draft illegal harms codes of practice and guidance under the Online Safety Act, by specifying animal cruelty and human torture as types of content that platforms must address. In particular, Ofcom is proposing to add illegal animal and human torture content to its codes and guidance to ensure that providers remove this kind of harmful content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 根据《在线安全法》保护人们免受在线虐待动物和人类酷刑内容的指导", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 13 日，Ofcom 结束了关于加强《在线安全法》下的非法伤害行为守则和指南草案的磋商，将虐待动物和人类酷刑指定为平台必须解决的内容类型。特别是，Ofcom 提议将非法动物和人类酷刑内容添加到其规范和指南中，以确保提供商删除此类有害内容。" }, { "date": "25 April 2024", "title": "Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3508", "description": "On 25 April 2024, the Investigatory Powers (Amendment) Bill received the royal assent. Certain provisions take effect immediately, while others will be phased in through regulations set by the Secretary of State. The Bill modifies the bulk personal dataset regime, introducing provisions for the use of publicly available data by intelligence agencies, with requirements for judicial oversight and authorisation processes. It adjusts existing powers by updating data access rules, warrant procedur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "调查权（修订）法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 25 日，《调查权力（修订）法案》获得御准。某些条款立即生效，而其他条款将通过国务卿制定的法规逐步实施。该法案修改了批量个人数据集制度，引入了情报机构使用公开数据的规定，以及司法监督和授权程序的要求。它通过更新数据访问规则、授权程序来调整现有权力..." }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom guidance on illegal content risk assessment under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/risk-assessment-guidance-and-risk-profiles.pdf?v=387549", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the guidance on risk assessment and risk profiles under the Online Safety Act. The Act requires user-generated content platforms and search service providers to conduct an assessment of the risks associated with the dissemination of illegal content. This guidance delineates the procedures that platforms must undertake in order to fulfil their obligations. The guidance introduces a four-step risk assessment process, the object...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 根据《在线安全法》对非法内容风险评估提供指导", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了《在线安全法》下的风险评估和风险概况指南。该法案要求用户生成内容平台和搜索服务提供商对与传播非法内容相关的风险进行评估。本指南描述了平台为履行其义务而必须采取的程序。该指南介绍了四步风险评估流程，目标..." }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom Illegal Content Codes of Practice for search services", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/illegal-content-codes-of-practice-for-search-services.pdf?v=387710", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published a draft for the illegal content Codes of Practice for search service providers under the Online Safety Act. Platforms are divided into two groups, with a large service being defined as having an average user base of more than 7 million per month in the UK and smaller services below the threshold. The draft subdivides the services into three different categories, low-risk, specific risk, and multi-risk. The recommended measure...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 搜索服务非法内容行为守则", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《在线安全法》发布了针对搜索服务提供商的非法内容行为守则草案。平台分为两类，大型服务被定义为在英国每月平均用户群超过 700 万，小型服务则低于阈值。草案将服务细分为低风险、特定风险和多风险三个不同类别。推荐的措施..." }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom guidance on content communicated \"publicly\" and \"privately\" under the Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/guidance-on-content-communicated-publicly-and-privately-under-the-online-safety-act.pdf?v=387563", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published guidance on record keeping and review in accordance with the provisions of the Online Safety Act. Service providers are obliged to ascertain whether content is communicated \"publicly\" or \"privately\" by initially considering the statutory factors set forth in section 232 of the Act. The relevant factors include the number of individuals who can access the content, any restrictions on access, and the ease with which the content...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 关于根据《在线安全法》“公开”和“私下”传播内容的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《在线安全法》的规定发布了记录保存和审查指南。服务提供商有义务首先考虑该法案第 232 条中规定的法定因素，以确定内容是“公开”还是“私下”传播。相关因素包括可以访问内容的人数、访问限制以及内容的难易程度……" }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom Online Safety Guidance on Judgement for Illegal Content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/illegal-content-judgements-guidance-icjg.pdf?v=387556", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Illegal Content Judgements Guidance (ICJG) under section 192 of the Online Safety Act. The guidance provides a framework for regulated services to determine whether user-generated content constitutes illegal content as defined by the Act. The Online Safety Act introduces priority offences, including terrorism, child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA), and hate-related crimes, along with provisions for other offences tha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom关于非法内容判断的在线安全指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《在线安全法》第 192 条发布了非法内容判断指南 (ICJG)。该指南为受监管的服务提供了一个框架，以确定用户生成的内容是否构成该法案定义的非法内容。 《在线安全法》引入了优先犯罪，包括恐怖主义、儿童性剥削和性虐待 (CSEA) 以及与仇恨相关的犯罪，以及针对其他犯罪的规定..." }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "ICO investigation of websites' compliance with fair choice regulations regarding personalised advertising tracking opt-outs", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2023/11/commissioner-warns-uk-s-top-websites-to-make-cookie-changes/", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued notifications to multiple United Kingdom-based websites after an investigation into their adherence to data protection regulations. The ICO, specifying a 30-day period for action, advised these websites to align with its guidelines on fair choice architecture, including the provision of a straightforward “reject all” option for advertising cookies. Furthermore, the Commissioner specified that non-compliance within the giv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 调查网站是否遵守有关个性化广告跟踪选择退出的公平选择法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 在对多个英国网站遵守数据保护法规的情况进行调查后向其发出通知。 ICO 指定了 30 天的行动期限，建议这些网站遵守其公平选择架构指南，包括为广告 cookie 提供简单的“拒绝全部”选项。此外，专员指出，不遵守规定的..." }, { "date": "1 November 2024", "title": "Regulations establishing eligible entity criteria and procedure for the Online Safety Act's super-complaints function", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/super-complaints-eligible-entity-criteria-and-procedural-requirements", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the United Kingdom Department for Science, Innovation and Technology closed the public consultation on the prospective regulations establishing eligible entity criteria and procedures for the Online Safety Act's super-complaints function. Under the super-complaints procedure, expert groups, children's charities and free speech advocates would be able to make direct complaints to the Office of Communications. During the consultation, the department aims to gather informatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定《在线安全法》超级投诉功能的合格实体标准和程序的法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，英国科学、创新和技术部结束了关于为《在线安全法》超级投诉功能制定合格实体标准和程序的预期法规的公众咨询。根据超级投诉程序，专家组、儿童慈善机构和言论自由倡导者将能够直接向通信办公室提出投诉。在咨询期间，该部门旨在收集信息..." }, { "date": "30 November 2023", "title": "Online Fraud Charter 2023", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-first-agreement-to-tackle-online-fraud", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the United Kingdom Government (UK), in partnership with technology companies, adopted the Online Fraud Charter 2023. The signatory companies are pledging to execute specific measures within 6 months to prevent online fraud. The companies include Amazon, eBay, Facebook, Google, Instagram, LinkedIn, Match Group, Microsoft, Snapchat, TikTok, X formerly Twitter and YouTube. The Charter aims to complement the Online Safety Act and is divided into 9 different themes. In particu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年网上欺诈宪章", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 30 日，英国政府 (UK) 与科技公司合作，通过了《2023 年在线欺诈宪章》。签署公司承诺在 6 个月内执行具体措施，以防止在线欺诈。这些公司包括亚马逊、eBay、Facebook、谷歌、Instagram、LinkedIn、Match Group、微软、Snapchat、TikTok、X（前 Twitter）和 YouTube。该宪章旨在补充《网络安全法》，分为 9 个不同的主题。特别是..." }, { "title": "Lawsuit concerning patentability of artificial neural network-based file recommendation system (Emotional Perception AI Limited v Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks)", "url": "https://supremecourt.uk/cases/judgments/uksc-2024-0131", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Supreme Court delivered its judgment in Emotional Perception AI Limited v Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks, holding that the approach established in Aerotel v Telco Holdings is incompatible with the European Patent Convention and should not be followed. The Court adopted the interpretation of Article 52 of the European Patent Convention endorsed by the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office in Decision G1/19. Under this interpreta...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于基于人工神经网络的文件推荐系统的专利性诉讼（Emotional Perception AI Limited v Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 11 日，最高法院在 Emotional Perception AI Limited v Comptroller General of Patents, Design and Trademarks 案中作出判决，认为 Aerotel v Telco Holdings 案中确立的做法不符合《欧洲专利公约》，不应遵循。法院采纳了欧洲专利局扩大上诉委员会在 G1/19 号决定中认可的《欧洲专利公约》第 52 条的解释。在此解释下..." }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "Ofcom guidance for service providers publishing pornographic content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-1/guidance-service-providers-pornographic-content", "description": "On 5 March 2023, Ofcom (Office of Communications of United Kingdom) closed its public consultation on preliminary guidance designed to support online service providers that host or showcase regulated adult content. Presently, online platforms featuring explicit content lack effective measures to prevent minors from accessing pornographic material. Most platforms allow access without adequate age verification, relying on minimal checks where users simply confirm that they are over 18. The Onli...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 针对发布色情内容的服务提供商的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 5 日，Ofcom（英国通信办公室）结束了关于旨在支持托管或展示受监管成人内容的在线服务提供商的初步指南的公众咨询。目前，含有露骨内容的网络平台缺乏有效措施来防止未成年人接触色情内容。大多数平台允许在没有充分年龄验证的情况下进行访问，仅依靠最少的检查，用户只需确认自己已年满 18 岁即可。Onli..." }, { "date": "13 December 2023", "title": "Data Protection (Law Enforcement) (Adequacy) (Bailiwick of Jersey) Regulations (2023 No. 122)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2023/1221/contents/made", "description": "On 13 December 2023, the Data Protection (Law Enforcement) (Adequacy) (Bailiwick of Jersey) Regulations (2023 No. 122) entered into force. The regulations designate the Bailiwick of Jersey as a third country providing an adequate level of protection for personal data under Part 3 of the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA), specifically addressing law enforcement processing. The designation facilitates the transfer of personal data from UK competent authorities to relevant authorities in Jersey, w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护（执法）（充分性）（泽西行政区）条例（2023 年第 122 号）", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 13 日，《数据保护（执法）（充分性）（泽西行政区）条例》（2023 年第 122 号）生效。 该法规指定泽西岛管辖区为第三国，根据《2018 年数据保护法》(DPA) 第 3 部分为个人数据提供足够水平的保护，特别涉及执法处理。该指定有助于将个人数据从英国主管当局转移到泽西岛的相关当局......" }, { "date": "3 January 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Ofcom Resilience Guidance for Communications Providers", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-1/resilience-guidance", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) closed its consultation on the draft guidance for communications providers on resilience related security duties. The guidance identifies technology, physical and cybersecurity vulnerabilities faced by communications providers such as malicious attacks and hacking. In particular, the guidance outlines infrastructure requirements for communications providers to remain independent, reduce cybersecurity threats, and maintain the availabili...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 通信提供商弹性指南中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 1 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了对通信提供商弹性相关安全职责指南草案的磋商。该指南指出了通信提供商面临的技术、物理和网络安全漏洞，例如恶意攻击和黑客攻击。该指南特别概述了通信提供商保持独立、减少网络安全威胁并维持可用性的基础设施要求。" }, { "date": "20 December 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning the classification of AI as an inventor (Thaler v Comptroller General)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2021-0201-judgment.pdf", "description": "On 20 December 2023, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom dismissed an appeal concerning the patentability of technical advances generated by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) machine, DABUS. The ruling addresses the interpretation and application of the Patents Act 1977 provisions. The Court held that an inventor, as defined by the 1977 Act, must be a natural person. The appellant, Dr Thaler, who is the owner of DABUS, failed to satisfy the requirements of the Act as he could not identify a...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于将人工智能分类为发明人的诉讼（泰勒诉总审计长）", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 20 日，英国最高法院驳回了关于人工智能 (AI) 机器 DABUS 所产生的技术进步的专利性的上诉。该裁决涉及 1977 年《专利法》条款的解释和适用。法院认为，根据 1977 年法案的定义，发明人必须是自然人。上诉人泰勒博士是 DABUS 的所有者，他未能满足该法案的要求，因为他无法识别......" }, { "date": "18 January 2024", "title": "Guidance for Online Services in ICO Updated Opinion regarding Age Assurance for the Children's Code", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/01/ico-publishes-updated-commissioner-s-opinion-on-age-assurance-for-the-children-s-code/", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) updated its 2021 Opinion on Age Assurance for the Children’s Code. The updated Opinion provides guidance on what online services must do if they are likely to be accessed by children. It also reflects technological developments in this area and explains legislative changes. It describes the four main approaches to age assurance: age verification, age estimation, self-declaration, and waterfall techniques.The Opinion explains how ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 在线服务指南 关于儿童法规年龄保障的最新意见", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 18 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 更新了 2021 年《儿童法》年龄保障意见。更新后的意见就在线服务可能被儿童访问时必须采取的措施提供了指导。它还反映了该领域的技术发展并解释了立法变化。它描述了年龄保证的四种主要方法：年龄验证、年龄估计、自我声明和瀑布技术。该意见解释了如何......" }, { "date": "31 January 2024", "title": "Ofcom inquiry into harmful content available via Internet search engines", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2024/search-engines-one-click-gateways-to-self-harm-content", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued the report following the inquiry into harmful content available via Internet search engines. The study was conducted by the Network Contagion Research Institute, which found that major search engines can act as gateways to harmful self-injury-related content. The study analysed over 37’000 result links returned by search engines such as Google, Microsoft Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yahoo!, and AOL. The findings highlighted the prevalence o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对通过互联网搜索引擎提供的有害内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 31 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 在对互联网搜索引擎提供的有害内容进行调查后发布了这份报告。这项研究由网络传染研究所进行，该研究所发现主要搜索引擎可以充当有害自残相关内容的门户。该研究分析了 Google、Microsoft Bing、DuckDuckGo、Yahoo! 和 AOL 等搜索引擎返回的超过 37,000 个结果链接。研究结果强调了...的患病率" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "Guidance on Implementing the UK's AI regulatory principles", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/implementing-the-uks-ai-regulatory-principles-initial-guidance-for-regulators", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DIST) issued guidance on implementing the United Kingdom's Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulatory principles. The guidance, which is not binding, is addressed to regulators who are considering the impacts of AI. It builds on the UK's five pro-innovation regulatory principles outlined in the AI Regulation White Paper. These principles include safety, security, robustness, appropriate transparency and explainability, fa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能监管原则实施指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 6 日，科学、创新和技术部 (DIST) 发布了关于实施英国人工智能 (AI) 监管原则的指南。该指南不具有约束力，适用于正在考虑人工智能影响的监管机构。它建立在英国人工智能监管白皮书中概述的五项支持创新的监管原则的基础上。这些原则包括安全性、保障性、稳健性、适当的透明度和可解释性、..." }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "DSIT request to regulators requesting them to update their strategic approach to AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/request-for-regulators-to-publish-an-update-on-their-strategic-approach-to-ai-secretary-of-state-letters", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT), along with her counterparts from various departments, sent letters to regulators requesting them to publish an update by 30 April 2024 outlining their strategic approach to Artificial intelligence (AI) and the steps they are taking in line with the expectations in the AI Regulation White Paper. The request was not limited to the main digital regulators forming the Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum (DR...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSIT 向监管机构提出请求，要求他们更新人工智能战略方法", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 1 日，科学、创新和技术大臣 (DSIT) 与各部门的同行致函监管机构，要求他们在 2024 年 4 月 30 日之前发布更新，概述他们的人工智能 (AI) 战略方针以及他们根据人工智能监管白皮书中的预期正在采取的步骤。该请求不仅限于组成数字监管合作论坛（DR..." }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "FCC-ICO Memorandum of Understanding on Data Protection and Communications Services-Related Fraud", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-400853A1.pdf", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the United States' Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the United Kingdom's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen their partnership on data protection and communications services-related fraud. The MoU aims to enhance cooperation on enforcement matters related to unlawful robocalls, robotexts, and the protection of consumers' privacy and sensitive data. The partnership is expected to address risks arising ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC-ICO 关于数据保护和通信服务相关欺诈的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 29 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 和英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 签署了一份谅解备忘录 (MoU)，以加强双方在数据保护和通信服务相关欺诈方面的合作伙伴关系。该谅解备忘录旨在加强与非法自动电话、自动文本以及保护消费者隐私和敏感数据相关的执法事宜上的合作。该伙伴关系预计将解决出现的风险......" }, { "date": "3 January 2024", "title": "ICO Guidance on Sharing Employee Data in Mental Health Emergencies", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/03/ico-reassures-employers-they-can-share-staff-data-in-a-mental-health-emergency/", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published new guidance to provide employers with clarity on sharing their employees' personal information during a mental health emergency. The guidance advises on the appropriate circumstances and methods for sharing such information when the employer believes an individual may pose a serious risk to themselves or others due to their mental health. The guidance is part of a broader range of resources produced by the ICO to assist e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 关于在心理健康紧急情况下共享员工数据的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 1 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了新指南，明确雇主在精神健康紧急情况下如何共享员工的个人信息。当雇主认为某人因其心理健康可能对自己或他人构成严重风险时，该指南就分享此类信息的适当情况和方法提供了建议。该指南是 ICO 制作的更广泛资源的一部分，旨在帮助 e..." }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Bill prohibiting the creation and uploading of unauthorised media content relating to prisons (Prison Media Bill)", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/58-04/0055/230055.pdf", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Bill prohibiting the creation and uploading of unauthorised media content relating to prisons (Prison Media Bill) was rejected after failing to pass or carry over at the end of the legislative session. The Bill aimed to prohibit the creation and uploading of unauthorised media content related to prisons. Furthermore, it would have amended the Prison Act 1952 to criminalise the unauthorised recording of the inside of a prison and the recording of prison workers on prison la...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止创建和上传未经授权的与监狱有关的媒体内容的法案（《监狱媒体法案》）", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 30 日，禁止创建和上传未经授权的与监狱有关的媒体内容的法案（《监狱媒体法案》）因在立法会议结束时未能通过或延续而被拒绝。该法案旨在禁止创建和上传与监狱有关的未经授权的媒体内容。此外，它还修改了 1952 年《监狱法》，将未经授权对监狱内部进行录音以及对监狱工作人员进行录音定为刑事犯罪。" }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "FCC-Ofcom Framework for Cooperation to Address Scams", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-400886A1.pdf", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the United Kingdom's Office of Communications (Ofcom) signed a Framework for Cooperation to address scam calls and text messages. The framework aims to protect consumers and ensure the integrity of communications networks by sharing information and coordinating efforts. Illegal robocalls and robotexts pose a global threat, according to the FCC and Ofcom, requiring cross-border cooperation for effective investigatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC-Ofcom 打击诈骗合作框架", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 4 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 和英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 签署了一项合作框架，以解决诈骗电话和短信问题。该框架旨在通过共享信息和协调努力来保护消费者并确保通信网络的完整性。根据 FCC 和 Ofcom 的说法，非法机器人电话和机器人短信构成了全球威胁，需要跨境合作才能进行有效调查……" }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "ICO Inquiry on 'Consent or Pay' Business Models", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/call-for-views-on-consent-or-pay-business-models/", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) closed its consultation on 'consent or pay' business models. The consultation aimed to provide regulatory clarity on models that offer users a choice between accessing online services without payment if they consent to their personal information being used for personalised advertising, or paying to access the service if they refuse this consent. In particular, the ICO emphasised the issues for any organisation considering such a mo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于“同意或付费”商业模式的 ICO 调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 17 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了关于“同意或付费”商业模式的咨询。此次咨询旨在明确监管模式，让用户可以选择：如果同意将其个人信息用于个性化广告，则可以免费访问在线服务；如果拒绝同意，则需要付费访问服务。特别是，ICO 强调了任何考虑此类活动的组织所面临的问题……" }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Office of Communications rules on additional duties for categorised services", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-2/third-phase-of-online-safety-regulation", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Office of Communications of the United Kingdom (Ofcom) released stakeholder responses to the consultation on the third phase of online safety regulation, concerning additional duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 for categorised services. The consultation sought input on how providers ensure transparent and consistent enforcement of terms of service, protect journalistic and democratic content, and offer user empowerment tools and identity verification options. Ofco...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室关于分类服务附加职责的规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 13 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了利益相关者对在线安全监管第三阶段磋商的回应，内容涉及《2023 年在线安全法案》中针对分类服务的额外职责。此次磋商征求了有关提供商如何确保透明和一致地执行服务条款、保护新闻和民主内容以及提供用户授权工具和身份验证选项的意见。英国石油公司..." }, { "date": "4 January 2024", "title": "UK-US Memorandum of Understanding on development of tests for advanced AI models", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/04/us-and-uk-announce-partnership-science-ai-safety", "description": "On 1 April 2024, the United States and the United Kingdom signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to enhance cooperation in the development and testing of artificial intelligence (AI) safety standards. This agreement, signed by US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo and UK Technology Secretary Michelle Donelan, follows commitments made at the AI Safety Summit in November. The partnership aims to align scientific approaches and accelerate the creation of robust evaluation suites for AI models,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英美关于开发先进人工智能模型测试的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 1 日，美国和英国签署谅解备忘录（MOU），以加强人工智能（AI）安全标准开发和测试方面的合作。这项协议由美国商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多 (Gina Raimondo) 和英国技术大臣米歇尔·多尼兰 (Michelle Donelan) 签署，是继 11 月人工智能安全峰会上做出的承诺之后签署的。该合作伙伴关系旨在协调科学方法并加速为人工智能模型创建强大的评估套件，..." }, { "date": "5 October 2024", "title": "ICO Inquiry on Accuracy Principle in Generative AI Development", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/04/information-commissioner-s-office-seeks-views-on-accuracy-of-generative-ai-models/", "description": "On 10 May 2024, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) concluded its inquiry into the application of the data protection accuracy principle within the lifecycle of generative AI models. The inquiry sought insights on how the accuracy of training data influences the outputs of generative AI models, and how the accuracy principle of data protection affects the accuracy of outputs. The ICO's position, on which it sought feedback, is that developers should have an overview of the accura...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 探究生成式 AI 开发中的准确性原则", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 10 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了对生成人工智能模型生命周期中数据保护准确性原则应用的调查。该调查旨在了解训练数据的准确性如何影响生成人工智能模型的输出，以及数据保护的准确性原则如何影响输出的准确性。 ICO 寻求反馈的立场是，开发者应该对准确的..." }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Criminalisation of creation of sexually explicit deepfakes in amendment to the Criminal Justice Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3511/news", "description": "On 30 May 2024, an amendment to the Criminal Justice Bill criminalising the creation of sexually explicit deepfakes without consent was automatically rejected with the end of the legislative session after it failed to be adopted or carried over to the next session. The Bill would have made the creation of deepfake images a criminal offence, subjecting offenders to prosecution and an unlimited fine, with potential imprisonment if the images were distributed. Last year, reforms in the Online Sa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《刑事司法法案》修正案将制作露骨色情深度假货定为刑事犯罪", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 30 日，《刑事司法法案》的一项修正案将未经同意制作露骨的深度伪造内容定为刑事犯罪，该修正案未能获得通过或延续到下届会议，该修正案在立法会议结束时被自动拒绝。该法案将把制作深度伪造图像定为刑事犯罪，犯罪者将受到起诉和无限罚款，如果图像被传播，还可能被监禁。去年，网上销售改革..." }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "Ofcom investigation into Twitch's compliance with obligation to protect minors from harmful video content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/ofcom-secures-better-protections-for-children-on-twitch#:~:text=Children%20in%20the%20UK%20will,18s%20from%20harmful%20video%20content.", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced that it will not open a formal investigation into Twitch due to its compliance with previous recommendations. In particular, Ofcom stated that Twitch implemented measures to prevent users who are not logged in or are under 18 from accessing harmful content, such as content with sexual themes or gambling. Further, the platform removed harmful content from the homepage and added a new section about content classification to Twitch's...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对 Twitch 是否遵守保护未成年人免受有害视频内容侵害的义务进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 13 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布，由于 Twitch 遵守了之前的建议，因此不会对 Twitch 展开正式调查。 Ofcom 特别表示，Twitch 实施了措施，防止未登录或未满 18 岁的用户访问有害内容，例如涉及性主题或赌博的内容。此外，该平台还从主页中删除了有害内容，并在 Twitch 的内容中添加了有关内容分类的新部分......" }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "ICO investigation into Microsoft regarding safeguards to protect user privacy", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/05/statement-in-response-to-microsoft-recall-feature/", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) announced its investigation into Microsoft regarding safeguards to protect user privacy. The ICO emphasised the importance of transparency in data usage and the necessity of processing personal data solely for specific purposes. It stressed that data protection should be a priority from the start, with thorough risk assessments conducted before launching products. Hence, ICO is inquiring with Microsoft to ensure adequate user priv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对微软进行有关保护用户隐私的保障措施的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 22 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 宣布对 Microsoft 的用户隐私保护措施进行调查。 ICO 强调了数据使用透明度的重要性以及仅出于特定目的处理个人数据的必要性。它强调数据保护应该从一开始就成为优先事项，在推出产品之前进行彻底的风险评估。因此，ICO 正在与 Microsoft 协商，以确保足够的用户权限..." }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "CMA investigation into Microsoft's hiring of former employees and related arrangements with Inflection AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsoft-slash-inflection-ai-inquiry#launch-of-merger-inquiry", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) announced the closure of a merger inquiry into Microsoft Corporation's hiring of certain former employees of Inflection AI, Inc. and its entry into associated arrangements with Inflection. The investigation was concerned with Inflection's foundational models and consumer chatbots, considering potential horizontal unilateral effects from loss of competition for both. While the transaction is a relevant merger situation under t...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 对微软聘用前员工以及与 Inflection AI 的相关安排进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 4 日，英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布结束对微软公司聘用 Inflection AI, Inc. 某些前员工及其与 Inflection 达成相关安排的合并调查。该调查涉及 Inflection 的基础模型和消费者聊天机器人，考虑到两者失去竞争可能产生的横向单边影响。虽然本次交易属于相关合并情况下的..." }, { "title": "Cyber Security and Resilience Bill", "url": "https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2026/jan-2026/cyber-security-and-resilience-network-and-information-systems-bill-call-for-evidence/", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the public consultation on the Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill closes. The Bill was introduced to the House of Commons on 12 November 2025 and would update the Network and Information Systems (NIS) Regulations 2018 by expanding the regulatory scope to include a broader range of essential and digital service providers, including online marketplaces, cloud computing services, and search engines, as well as managed service providers. Data cen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全和弹性法案", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 5 日，《网络安全和弹性（网络和信息系统）法案》的公众咨询结束。该法案于 2025 年 11 月 12 日提交给下议院，并将更新《2018 年网络和信息系统 (NIS) 条例》，扩大监管范围以涵盖更广泛的基本服务和数字服务提供商，包括在线市场、云计算服务和搜索引擎以及托管服务提供商。数据中心" }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Ofcom inquiry into online deepfakes", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/deepfakes-demean-defraud-disinform/", "description": "On 23 July 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published a report on deepfakes. The report notes that two in five people have encountered at least one deepfake in the past six months, including depictions of sexual content, politicians, and scam adverts, with only one in ten feeling confident in their ability to identify them. Ofcom also provided recommendations for AI model developers and online platforms on combating harmful deepfakes. These include implementing prevention methods su...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对在线深度伪造品的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 23 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份有关 Deepfake 的报告。该报告指出，五分之二的人在过去六个月中至少遇到过一次深度伪造，包括对性内容、政客和诈骗广告的描述，只有十分之一的人对自己识别这些内容的能力充满信心。 Ofcom 还为人工智能模型开发人员和在线平台提供了打击有害深度造假的建议。其中包括实施预防方法..." }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Office of Communication's Online Safety Information Guidance", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-on-data-preservation-notices/online-safety-information-gathering-guidance-dec2025.pdf?v=409377", "description": "On 15 December 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted the updated Online Safety Information Powers Guidance, focusing on its information gathering powers under the Online Safety Act 2023. The updated guidance includes information on Ofcom's new power to issue data preservation notices to regulated services to ensure that a deceased child's information is not altered or deleted, as introduced by the Data Preservation Notices under Data (Use and Access) Act. In general, the guidance...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "交通运输部网络安全信息指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 15 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 通过了更新后的《在线安全信息权力指南》，重点关注《2023 年在线安全法》规定的信息收集权力。更新后的指南包括有关 Ofcom 向受监管服务机构发出数据保存通知以确保已故儿童的信息不被更改或删除的新权力的信息，如《数据（使用和访问）法》下的《数据保存通知》所述。一般来说，指导..." }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "NCA investigation into Russian Coms over alleged enabling of scam calls and financial losses", "url": "https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/news/nca-shuts-down-major-fraud-platform-responsible-for-1-8-million-scam-calls", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the National Crime Agency (NCA) issued information following its investigation into Russian Coms over scam calls and financial losses. In particular, the NCA has shut down Russian Coms, holding it responsible for 1.8 million scam calls and tens of millions in financial losses since its establishment in 2021. The platform, used by hundreds of criminals, enabled users to spoof phone numbers of trusted institutions to defraud an estimated 170’000 people in the UK. Between 2021 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCA 对俄罗斯通信公司涉嫌允许诈骗电话和经济损失进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 1 日，国家犯罪局 (NCA) 在对俄罗斯电信公司的诈骗电话和财务损失进行调查后发布了信息。特别是，NCA 关闭了 Russian Coms，认为该公司自 2021 年成立以来已接到 180 万个诈骗电话，造成数千万美元的经济损失。该平台被数百名犯罪分子使用，用户可以通过欺骗受信任机构的电话号码来诈骗英国约 17 万人。 2021 年之间..." }, { "date": "13 August 2024", "title": "ICO inquiry into barriers to privacy-enhancing technologies adoption", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/research-reports-impact-and-evaluation/research-and-reports/technology-and-innovation/tackling-barriers-to-privacy-enhancing-technologies-adoption/", "description": "On 13 August 2024, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a report following an inquiry into the barriers impeding the adoption of privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs). The report identifies challenges such as limited organisational awareness of PETs, technical expertise shortages, regulatory uncertainties, and information asymmetry between PETs suppliers and users. To overcome these challenges, ICO recommends collaborative efforts between the PETs industry and data-sharing organ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 调查隐私增强技术采用的障碍", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 13 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 在对阻碍采用隐私增强技术 (PET) 的障碍进行调查后发布了一份报告。该报告指出了一些挑战，例如组织对 PET 的认识有限、技术专业知识短缺、监管不确定性以及 PET 供应商和用户之间的信息不对称。为了克服这些挑战，ICO 建议 PET 行业和数据共享机构之间进行合作……" }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "ICO statement in response to Meta's announcement on user data to train AI", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/09/ico-statement-in-response-to-metas-announcement-on-user-data-to-train-ai/", "description": "On 13 September 2024, the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a statement in response to Meta's plans to resume using public content shared by adults on Facebook and Instagram in the UK to train its generative AI models. This comes after pausing their plans in June 2024 in response to concerns from the ICO. Meta has made adjustments to its approach, including simplifying the objection process for users and extending the timeframe for objections. The ICO emphasised that Meta mu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 回应 Meta 公布用户数据训练 AI 的声明", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 13 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发表声明，回应 Meta 计划恢复使用英国成年人在 Facebook 和 Instagram 上分享的公共内容来训练其生成式 AI 模型。此前，为了回应 ICO 的担忧，他们于 2024 年 6 月暂停了计划。 Meta 对其方法进行了调整，包括简化用户的异议流程并延长异议时限。 ICO 强调 Meta mu..." }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "Online Safety Act 2023 (Priority Offences) (Amendment) Regulations 2024", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukdsi/2024/9780348263510", "description": "On 13 September 2024, the UK Secretary of State tabled the Online Safety Act 2023 (Priority Offences) (Amendment) Regulations 2024, a statutory instrument which aims to amend the Online Safety Act by expanding the list of priority offences under Schedule 7. In particular, the amendment adds the offence of sharing or threatening to share intimate photographs or films to the Online Safety Act's list of priority offences. At the same time, the amendment removes the offence of disclosing or threa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年在线安全法（优先犯罪）（修正案）条例 2024 年", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 13 日，英国国务卿提出了《2023 年在线安全法（优先犯罪）（修正案）2024 条例》，这是一项法定文书，旨在通过扩大附表 7 中的优先犯罪清单来修订《在线安全法》。特别是，该修正案将分享或威胁分享私密照片或影片的犯罪行为添加到《在线安全法》的优先犯罪清单中。同时，修正案删除了泄露或威胁的罪行..." }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "ICO investigation into Sky Betting and Gaming over alleged unlawful data processing", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/09/action-taken-against-sky-betting-and-gaming-for-using-cookies-without-consent/", "description": "On 17 September 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) announced that it had concluded its investigation into Bonne Terre Limited, trading as Sky Betting and Gaming, concerning the processing of personal data without consent through the use of advertising cookies. The ICO issued a Reprimand, and recommends that the company carries out continued monitoring of its processes and warns that future avoidable repetitions of the same infringements could be aggravating factors in deciding ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 对 Sky Betting 和 Gaming 涉嫌非法数据处理进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 17 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 宣布已结束对 Bonne Terre Limited（名为 Sky Betting and Gaming）的调查，调查涉及未经同意通过使用广告 cookie 处理个人数据。 ICO 发出了谴责，并建议该公司对其流程进行持续监控，并警告说，未来可避免的相同侵权行为的重复可能会成为加重决定的因素......" }, { "date": "10 July 2024", "title": "Adoption of Ofcom best practice principles for media literacy by Google Search, the LEGO Group, Pinterest and Roblox", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/media-use-and-attitudes/media-literacy/Online-services-pledge-to-prioritise-media-literacy/", "description": "On 7 October 2024, the Office of Communications announced that Google Search, the LEGO Group, Pinterest and Roblox have voluntarily adopted the Ofcom best practice principles for media literacy by design. The principles require companies to prioritise media literacy on their platforms, increase transparency, develop user-centric designs, and continuously monitor and evaluate their media literacy activities. The companies have submitted examples of their current efforts and future focus areas,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Google 搜索、乐高集团、Pinterest 和 Roblox 采用 Ofcom 媒体素养最佳实践原则", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 7 日，通信办公室宣布 Google 搜索、乐高集团、Pinterest 和 Roblox 已自愿采用 Ofcom 媒体素养最佳实践原则。这些原则要求公司在其平台上优先考虑媒体素养，提高透明度，开发以用户为中心的设计，并持续监控和评估其媒体素养活动。这些公司提交了当前努力和未来重点领域的示例，..." }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "ICO assessment of data protection implications in quantum technology advancements", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/10/preparing-for-the-quantum-enabled-future/", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a report on the rapid progression of quantum technologies and their implications for data protection. The ICO highlighted the significant potential of quantum innovations, such as quantum sensors used in medical research and diagnostics, while stressing the need for safeguarding personal data. Organisations processing sensitive information are advised to adopt post-quantum cryptography (PQC), endorsed by the National Cyber ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 对量子技术进步中数据保护影响的评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 9 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份关于量子技术的快速发展及其对数据保护的影响的报告。 ICO 强调了量子创新的巨大潜力，例如用于医学研究和诊断的量子传感器，同时强调保护个人数据的必要性。建议处理敏感信息的组织采用国家网络认可的后量子密码学（PQC）......" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Ofcom update on the implementation of the UK Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/countdown-to-a-safer-life-online/", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the UK Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued an update on the implementation of the UK’s Online Safety Act, which will take effect in December 2024. The Act introduces new legal obligations for technology companies to enhance user protection against illegal and harmful content. The Act introduces specific obligations, including transparency reports, user control tools, and the consistent application of terms of service. The technology firms to which the Act is applicable...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 关于英国在线安全法案实施的最新情况", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 17 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了英国在线安全法案实施情况的最新信息，该法案将于 2024 年 12 月生效。该法案为科技公司引入了新的法律义务，以加强用户保护，免受非法和有害内容的侵害。该法案引入了具体义务，包括透明度报告、用户控制工具以及服务条款的一致应用。该法案适用的技术公司..." }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "European Affairs Committee inquiry on UK-EU Data Adequacy", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/516/european-affairs-committee/news/200436/data-adequacy-and-its-implications-for-the-ukeu-relationship-examined/", "description": "On 22 October 2024, the House of Lords European Affairs Committee wrote to the Secretary of State outlining conclusions and recommendations from their inquiry into UK-EU data adequacy. The inquiry, launched in March 2024, was driven by the June 2025 expiry of the European Commission’s decisions granting the UK data adequacy status under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Law Enforcement Directive (LED). The inquiry examined the utility of current arrangements, potential cha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲事务委员会对英国-欧盟数据充足性的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 22 日，上议院欧洲事务委员会致函国务卿，概述了他们对英国-欧盟数据充分性调查的结论和建议。这项调查于 2024 年 3 月启动，其原因是欧盟委员会根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 和《执法指令》(LED) 授予英国数据充分地位的决定将于 2025 年 6 月到期。调查审查了当前安排的效用、潜在的变化……" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "DSIT-NCSC joint statement on cyber essentials supply chain commitment", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cyber-essentials-supply-chain-commitment-joint-statement/cyber-essentials-supply-chain-commitment-joint-statement", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) adopted a joint statement on cyber essentials supply chain commitment. The statement applies to critical national supply chains across sectors, including banks and building societies. The statement encourages suppliers to achieve Cyber Essentials certification, a government-backed cyber security certification scheme which establishes fundamental cyber security standar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSIT-NCSC 关于网络必需品供应链承诺的联合声明", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 23 日，科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 和国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 通过了一份关于网络必需品供应链承诺的联合声明。该声明适用于各个部门的关键国家供应链，包括银行和建房互助协会。该声明鼓励供应商获得 Cyber​​ Essentials 认证，这是一项政府支持的网络安全认证计划，旨在建立基本的网络安全标准..." }, { "date": "29 October 2024", "title": "ICO inquiry into children's online privacy and data rights", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/10/statement-on-ico-s-work-to-protect-children-online/", "description": "On 29 October 2024, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a report on children’s online privacy, including recommendations on privacy practices for social media and video-sharing platforms. The report highlights that many children view sharing personal information as necessary to avoid social exclusion, often trusting large companies without fully understanding data collection practices. The report noted that children tend to overlook data rights and often share location data. Th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 调查儿童在线隐私和数据权利", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 29 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份关于儿童在线隐私的报告，包括有关社交媒体和视频共享平台隐私做法的建议。该报告强调，许多儿童认为共享个人信息是避免社会排斥所必需的，他们往往在没有充分了解数据收集实践的情况下信任大公司。报告指出，儿童往往忽视数据权利，并经常共享位置数据。那个..." }, { "date": "11 July 2024", "title": "ICO inquiry into tech futures addressing data protection challenges in emerging genomics", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/research-reports-impact-and-evaluation/research-and-reports/technology-and-innovation/ico-tech-futures-emerging-genomics/", "description": "On 7 November 2024, the UK's Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued a report examining data protection challenges in emerging genomics. The ICO highlights concerns about genomic data, including complexities in classifying it as personal information, challenges in third-party data sharing, and ensuring effective anonymisation and pseudonymisation techniques. The report underscores the importance of embedding data protection principles, such as privacy by design, into genomic applicatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ICO 对科技期货的调查，解决新兴基因组学中的数据保护挑战", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 7 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份报告，探讨新兴基因组学中的数据保护挑战。 ICO 强调了对基因组数据的担忧，包括将其分类为个人信息的复杂性、第三方数据共享的挑战以及确保有效的匿名化和假名化技术。该报告强调了将数据保护原则（例如设计隐私）嵌入到基因组应用中的重要性……" }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Ofcom inquiry into researchers' access to online services information", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/call-for-evidence-researchers-access-to-information-from-regulated-online-services/", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the United Kingdom's Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation in its inquiry into how independent researchers access information from online services, including messaging service providers, e-commerce platforms, content platforms, and search service providers. The inquiry is part of Ofcom's responsibilities under the Online Safety Act 2023, assessing the current state of access to information for research into online safety matters. The inquiry seeks to ide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对研究人员获取在线服务信息的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了对独立研究人员如何从在线服务（包括消息服务提供商、电子商务平台、内容平台和搜索服务提供商）获取信息的调查咨询。此次调查是 Ofcom 根据《2023 年在线安全法案》所承担责任的一部分，旨在评估用于研究在线安全问题的信息获取的现状。该调查旨在找出..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "FCA, Bank of England, and PRA rules for critical third parties in financial services", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/statements/new-rules-strengthen-resilience-uks-financial-sector", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), Bank of England, and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) rules to strengthen the resilience of critical third parties (CTPs) providing services to the financial sector enter into force. The rules aim to address the risks posed by reliance on a limited number of third-party providers, which could disrupt the financial system due to failures or cyber incidents. The rules are aligned with international standards, such as the EU’s Digita...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCA、英格兰银行和 PRA 针对金融服务中关键第三方的规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，金融行为监管局 (FCA)、英格兰银行和审慎监管局 (PRA) 旨在增强向金融部门提供服务的关键第三方 (CTP) 弹性的规则生效。这些规则旨在解决因依赖有限数量的第三方提供商而带来的风险，这些风险可能会因故障或网络事件而扰乱金融体系。这些规则与国际标准保持一致，例如欧盟的数字……" }, { "date": "20 November 2024", "title": "Technology Secretary's strategic priorities for online safety under the Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-online-safety-priorities-for-ofcom-and-launch-of-study-into-effects-of-social-media-on-children", "description": "On 20 November 2024, the Technology Secretary of the United Kingdom adopted online safety priorities for Ofcom under the Online Safety Act. The priorities include focusing on embedding safety into digital platforms from the outset, increasing transparency from tech companies, and addressing risks posed by AI-generated content. Furthermore, the strategic focus on safety by design requires protections to be implemented already in the development stage to prevent harm, particularly emphasising a...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "技术部长根据《在线安全法》制定的在线安全战略重点", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 20 日，英国技术大臣根据《在线安全法》通过了 Ofcom 的在线安全优先事项。优先事项包括从一开始就注重将安全性嵌入数字平台、提高科技公司的透明度以及解决人工智能生成内容带来的风险。此外，设计安全的战略重点要求在开发阶段就实施保护措施以防止伤害，特别强调..." }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "NCSC guidance on countering malvertising and enhancing cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/guidance/guidance-brands-advertising-partners-counter-malvertising", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) adopted the guidance on countering malvertising and enhancing cybersecurity. The guidance seeks to help brands counter malvertising and reduce the risk of cyber-facilitated fraud in digital advertising. The guidance applies to brands using in-house or third-party advertising services. It recommends know-your-customer checks, strong cybersecurity measures, the use of reputable data sources, and adherence to industry standards such a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCSC 关于打击恶意广告和加强网络安全的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 6 日，国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 通过了关于打击恶意广告和加强网络安全的指南。该指南旨在帮助品牌打击恶意广告并降低数字广告中网络欺诈的风险。该指南适用于使用内部或第三方广告服务的品牌。它建议了解您的客户检查、强大的网络安全措施、使用信誉良好的数据源以及遵守行业标准，例如……" }, { "date": "17 March 2025", "title": "Risk assessment provisions in Ofcom illegal content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services implementing Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/enforcing-the-online-safety-act-platforms-must-start-tackling-illegal-material-from-today/", "description": "On 17 March 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom)’s Codes of Practice on illegal content for user-to-user services under the Online Safety Act entered into force. Providers were required to conduct a risk assessment for illegal harms in compliance with the Act. Following the assessment, platforms must take appropriate measures to remove illegal content and reduce the risk of its reappearance. The Codes of Practice introduce accountability mechanisms, including the appointment of a senior...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 非法内容中的风险评估条款 实施《2023 年在线安全法》的用户对用户服务实践守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 17 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《在线安全法》制定的针对用户对用户服务中的非法内容的行为准则生效。提供者必须根据该法案对非法伤害进行风险评估。评估后，平台必须采取适当措施删除非法内容并降低其再次出现的风险。实践守则引入了问责机制，包括任命高级..." }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Ofcom technology notices to deal with terrorism content and CSEA content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/ofcoms-annual-report-on-notices-to-deal-with-terrorism-content-andor-csea-content", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the Office of Communications presented to Parliament its second Annual Report under section 128(2) of the Online Safety Act 2023 on Notices to deal with terrorism and/or child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSEA) content, covering the 2025 calendar year. The report confirms that the Technology Notice regime is not yet operational because minimum standards of accuracy have not been approved and published by the Secretary of State, and no Technology Notices have been issued...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 技术通知处理恐怖主义内容和 CSEA 内容", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 26 日，通信办公室根据《2023 年在线安全法》第 128(2) 条向议会提交了关于处理恐怖主义和/或儿童性虐待和性剥削 (CSEA) 内容的通知的第二份年度报告，涵盖 2025 年日历年。该报告确认，技术通知制度尚未投入运行，因为最低准确度标准尚未得到国务卿的批准和发布，并且尚未发布任何技术通知......" }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom register of risk under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/illegal-harms/register-of-risks.pdf?v=387063", "description": "On 16 December 2024, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Illegal Harms Register of Risks under the Online Safety Act. The risk register sets out Ofcom's risk assessment of the circumstances and means by which illegal harm manifests itself online, together with the characteristics of services that are considered relevant to the potential for harm. It delineates the underlying causes, consequences, and contributing factors associated with illegal online harms, classifying priorit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 根据《在线安全法》进行风险登记", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《在线安全法》发布了非法危害风险登记册。风险登记册列出了 Ofcom 对在线非法损害的情况和方式的风险评估，以及被认为与潜在损害相关的服务特征。它描述了与非法在线危害相关的根本原因、后果和影响因素，对优先级进行了分类..." }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Crime and Policing Bill (2025)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/publications/64990/documents/7885", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the House of Lords introduced an amendment to the Crime and Policing Bill requiring online platforms to remove non-consensual intimate images within 48 hours of being notified. Platforms failing to comply may face fines of up to 10% of their qualifying worldwide revenue or be blocked in the United Kingdom. According to the government, victims will only need to report an image once, after which flagged content will be removed across multiple platforms and prevented from be...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "犯罪和警务法案 (2025)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 19 日，上议院提出《犯罪与警务法案》修正案，要求在线平台在收到通知后 48 小时内删除未经同意的亲密图像。不遵守规定的平台可能面临高达其合格全球收入 10% 的罚款，或者在英国被封锁。根据政府的说法，受害者只需要报告一次图像，之后标记的内容将在多个平台上删除，并防止被..." }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Bill on protecting businesses from cybercrime", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leading-proposals-to-protect-businesses-from-cybercrime", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the Home Office closes its public consultation on proposals for protection of businesses from cybercrime. The Home Office specified that ransomware is a critical threat, defining it as malicious software that infects a victim's computer system, preventing access to systems or data, impairing their use, or facilitating data theft. The consultation includes three proposals. The first proposal aims to prohibit ransomware payments by all public sector bodies and critical national...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护企业免受网络犯罪的法案", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 8 日，内政部结束了有关保护企业免受网络犯罪的提案的公众咨询。英国内政部指出，勒索软件是一种严重威胁，将其定义为感染受害者计算机系统、阻止访问系统或数据、损害其使用或促进数据盗窃的恶意软件。此次磋商包括三项提案。第一项提案旨在禁止所有公共部门机构和关键国家机构支付勒索软件..." }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Office of Communications Codes of Practice for Age Assurance and Children's Access for user-to-user services implementing Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-age-assurance-and-childrens-access/statement-age-assurance-and-childrens-access.pdf?v=388849", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Age Assurance and Access Statement, outlining measures to implement the Online Safety Act 2023. The statement introduces immediate obligations for Part 5 services (platforms displaying or publishing their own pornographic content), which must implement highly effective age assurance methods to prevent children from accessing their content by 17 January 2025. User-to-user services hosting pornographic content must comply by...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室年龄保证和儿童访问用户对用户服务的实践守则实施在线安全法", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 16 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了《年龄保证和访问声明》，概述了实施《2023 年在线安全法》的措施。该声明介绍了第 5 部分服务（展示或发布自己的色情内容的平台）的立即义务，这些服务必须在 2025 年 1 月 17 日之前实施高效的年龄保证方法，以防止儿童访问其内容。托管色情内容的用户对用户服务必须遵守..." }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into user-to-user platforms hosting adult content and search services to assess compliance with age assurance measures under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/enforcement-programme-to-protect-children-from-encountering-pornographic-content-through-the-use-of-age-assurance/", "description": "On 9 May 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published an update on its enforcement programme for services that publish or display their own pornographic content (Part 5 services), in relation to Highly Effective Age Assurance (HEAA) obligations under the Online Safety Act 2023. In January, Ofcom contacted providers requesting compliance plans, implementation timelines, and contact details, following the entry into force of HEAA requirements. Around 40 services responded, covering plan...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室对托管成人内容和搜索服务的用户对用户平台进行调查，以评估对《在线安全法》规定的年龄保证措施的遵守情况", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 9 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了针对发布或展示自己的色情内容的服务（第 5 部分服务）的执法计划更新，涉及《2023 年在线安全法案》下的高效年龄保证 (HEAA) 义务。1 月，在 HEAA 要求生效后，Ofcom 联系了提供商，要求合规计划、实施时间表和联系方式。大约 40 个服务部门做出了回应，涵盖计划……" }, { "date": "12 April 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office inquiry into cookie compliance across top 1,000 websites", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/12/ico-action-secures-increased-cookie-compliance/", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) issued an update in its ongoing inquiry into the compliance of the UK’s top 1'000 websites with data protection regulations. The ICO stated that 95% of the top 1'000 websites met the ICO's compliance checks at the time of testing, with only 21 websites still identified as failing. 415 websites initially passed without further intervention, while 564 websites improved their practices following engagement from the ICO. In 17 cases,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对 1,000 个排名前 1000 的网站的 cookie 合规性进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 4 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了其对英国 1,000 个排名前 1000 家网站遵守数据保护法规情况的持续调查的最新情况。 ICO 表示，在测试时，前 1000 个网站中有 95% 通过了 ICO 的合规检查，只有 21 个网站仍被确定为不合格。 415 个网站最初通过，无需进一步干预，而 564 个网站在 ICO 参与后改进了其做法。在17个案例中，..." }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance for organisations implementing a \"consent or pay\" online advertising model", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/online-tracking/consent-or-pay/", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) released a guidance for organisations implementing a “consent or pay” online advertising model. The guidance aims to clarify how organisations in the UK can implement a \"consent or pay\" model. It highlights that users can choose to either consent to the use of their data for personalised advertising or pay a fee to avoid such use while ensuring compliance with UK General Data Protection Regulations. It emphasises that the user's ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室针对实施“同意或付费”在线广告模式的组织的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 23 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了针对实施“同意或付费”在线广告模式的组织的指南。该指南旨在阐明英国的组织如何实施“同意或付费”模式。它强调，用户可以选择同意将其数据用于个性化广告，或者付费以避免此类使用，同时确保遵守英国通用数据保护条例。它强调用户的..." }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into MintStars Ltd over alleged non-compliance with rules on protecting minors from restricted material under Communications Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/investigation-into-mintstars-ltd/", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued an order imposing a fine of GBP 7,000 against MintStars Ltd for non-compliance with rules on protecting minors from restricted material under the Communications Act. The order highlighted that MintStars failed to implement adequate measures to prevent minors from accessing restricted material, including pornographic content on its platform. The investigation found that between November 2023 and August 2024, MintStars failed to r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室对 MintStars Ltd 涉嫌不遵守《通信法》中保护未成年人免受限制材料侵害的规定进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 23 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布命令，对 MintStars Ltd 处以 7,000 英镑罚款，原因是其未遵守《通信法》中保护未成年人免受限制材料侵害的规定。该命令强调，MintStars 未能采取足够的措施来防止未成年人访问受限制的材料，包括其平台上的色情内容。调查发现，2023年11月至2024年8月期间，MintStars未能..." }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office online tracking strategy for 2025 focusing on enforcing consent requirements", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/our-information/our-strategies-and-plans/online-tracking-strategy/#focus-in-2025", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) adopted its online tracking strategy for 2025 to improve transparency and fairness in online tracking practices. The strategy applies to businesses involved in online advertising and user profiling. It aims to promote privacy-friendly advertising models, expand compliance checks to the top 1'000 UK websites, and enhance tracking transparency for applications and Internet of Things devices. The ICO highlighted its plans to enforce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室 2025 年在线跟踪战略重点关注执行同意要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 23 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 通过了 2025 年在线跟踪战略，以提高在线跟踪实践的透明度和公平性。该策略适用于涉及在线广告和用户分析的企业。它旨在推广保护隐私的广告模式，将合规检查范围扩大到英国排名前 1,000 的网站，并提高应用程序和物联网设备的跟踪透明度。 ICO 强调了其强制执行的计划......" }, { "date": "21 January 2025", "title": "Office of Communications digital safety toolkit for online services to assist user-to-user and search services comply with Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/check-how-to-comply-with-the-illegal-content-rules/", "description": "On 21 January 2025, the Office of Communications adopted a digital safety toolkit to help providers of user-to-user and search services, particularly small and medium enterprises, to comply with the Online Safety Act. The toolkit guides services through a four-step process to assess the risks of illegal content, implement safety measures, and maintain compliance records. It provides recommendations and allows users to track progress with a unique reference code.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室在线服务数字安全工具包，帮助用户对用户和搜索服务遵守在线安全法", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 21 日，通信办公室采用了数字安全工具包，帮助用户对用户和搜索服务提供商，特别是中小型企业，遵守《在线安全法》。该工具包通过四步流程指导服务来评估非法内容的风险、实施安全措施并维护合规记录。它提供建议并允许用户使用唯一的参考代码跟踪进度。" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Home Office Code of Practice for handling bulk personal datasets with low or no reasonable expectation of privacy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bulk-personal-datasets-low-or-no-reasonable-expectation-of-privacy-code-of-practice", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Code of Practice for handling bulk personal datasets with low or no reasonable expectation of privacy entered into force. The Code provides guidance to the Security Service, Secret Intelligence Service, and Government Communications Headquarters, referred to as the intelligence services, regarding procedures for exercising powers under Part 7A of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016. Specifically, it addresses the collection, retention, and examination of bulk personal datase...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内政部处理隐私期望较低或没有合理期望的大量个人数据集的实践守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，处理隐私期望较低或没有合理期望的大量个人数据集的行为准则生效。该守则为安全局、秘密情报局和政府通信总部（统称为情报部门）提供有关根据《2016 年调查权力法》第 7A 部分行使权力的程序的指导。具体来说，它涉及大量个人数据的收集、保留和检查……" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Home Office Code of Practice for Intelligence services' use of third party bulk personal datasets", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/third-party-bulk-personal-datasets-code-of-practice", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Intelligence services’ use of third-party bulk personal datasets, which provides procedural guidance for intelligence services on accessing and examining bulk personal datasets held by third parties entered into force. This code of practice relates to functions conferred by Part 7B of the Investigatory Powers Act. A bulk personal dataset (BPD) is defined as a collection of personal data concerning numerous individuals, where the majority are not, and are unlikely to become...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内政部情报服务使用第三方批量个人数据集的行为准则", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，情报部门对第三方批量个人数据集的使用生效，该规定为情报部门访问和检查第三方持有的大量个人数据集提供了程序指导。本行为守则涉及《调查权力法》第 7B 部分赋予的职能。批量个人数据集（BPD）被定义为涉及众多个人的个人数据的集合，其中大多数人不是，并且不太可能成为......" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Home Office Code of practice for bulk acquisition of communications data", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/bulk-acquisition-of-communications-data-code-of-practice", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Code of Practice for bulk acquisition of communications data, which outlines procedures for the lawful acquisition, storage, handling, and examination of communications data (CD) under Chapter 2 of Part 6 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016. The Code applies to intelligence services and telecommunications operators (TOs), detailing requirements for bulk acquisition warrant applications, which are authorised by the Secretary of State and require approval by a Judicial Comm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内政部批量采集通信数据的行为守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，《批量获取通信数据业务守则》概述了根据 2016 年《调查权力法》第 6 部分第 2 章合法获取、存储、处理和检查通信数据 (CD) 的程序。该守则适用于情报服务和电信运营商 (TO)，详细说明了批量获取令申请的要求，这些申请由国务卿授权并需要司法委员会批准。" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Home Office Code of Practice for equipment interference", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/equipment-interference-code-of-practice--2", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Code of Practice for equipment interference, under Schedule 7 to the Investigatory Powers Act 2016, admissible as evidence in criminal and civil proceedings entered into force. The Code outlines the legal framework for equipment interference, addressing functions conferred by Part 5 on equipment interference and Chapter 3 of Part 6 of bulk equipment interference of the Act. It details when an equipment interference warrant is required or available to authorise activity, sp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内政部设备干扰行为守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，根据《2016 年调查权力法》附表 7，可在刑事和民事诉讼中作为证据采纳的设备干扰实务守则生效。该守则概述了设备干扰的法律框架，解决了该法案第 5 部分关于设备干扰和第 6 部分第 3 章关于散装设备干扰所赋予的职能。它详细说明了何时需要或可使用设备干扰令来授权活动，特别是..." }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Investigatory Powers (Codes of Practice, Review of Notices and Technical Advisory Board) Regulations 2025 (No. 656)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/656/introduction/made", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the Investigatory Powers (Codes of Practice, Review of Notices and Technical Advisory Board) Regulations 2025 came into force, bringing into effect the following codes of practice: “Bulk Personal Datasets: Low or no reasonable expectation of privacy”, “Notices Regime”, and “Third Party Bulk Personal Datasets”; and the following revised codes of practice: “Bulk Acquisition of Communications Data”, “Bulk Personal Datasets”, “Communications Data”, “Equipment Interference”, and “I...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年调查权力（业务守则、通知审查和技术咨询委员会）条例（第 656 号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，《2025 年调查权力（业务守则、通知审查和技术咨询委员会）条例》生效，实施以下业务守则：“批量个人数据集：对隐私的合理期望较低或没有”、“通知制度”和“第三方批量个人数据集”；以及以下修订后的实践守则：“通信数据的批量采集”、“批量个人数据集”、“通信数据”、“设备干扰”和“我..." }, { "date": "3 May 2025", "title": "House of Commons Women and Equalities Select Committee inquiry into non-consensual intimate image abuse", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5901/cmselect/cmwomeq/336/report.html#heading-7", "description": "On 5 March 2025, the House of Commons Women and Equalities Select Committee published a report on non-consensual intimate image (NCII) abuse. The inquiry examined enhancements to data protection laws to address NCII, particularly content shared without consent online. Recommendations included expanding the legal definition of intimate images, strengthening enforcement against non-compliant foreign platforms, and amending the Crime and Policing Bill to criminalise NCII possession, as child sex...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下议院妇女与平等特别委员会对未经同意的亲密图像滥用进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 5 日，下议院妇女与平等特别委员会发布了一份关于未经同意的亲密图像 (NCII) 滥用的报告。该调查审查了数据保护法的增强措施，以解决 NCII 问题，特别是未经同意在线共享的内容。建议包括扩大亲密图像的法律定义、加强对不合规外国平台的执法力度，以及修订《犯罪和警务法案》，将持有 NCII 定为儿童性行为刑事犯罪……" }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "Protection of Children (Digital Safety and Data Protection) Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3778/stages", "description": "On 16 October 2024, members of the United Kingdom House of Commons introduced the Protection of Children (Digital Safety and Data Protection) Bill. The Bill would require the UK Chief Medical Officers to publish, within 12 months of enactment, guidance for parents and carers on children’s use of smartphones and social media, taking into account existing official commentary and subsequent developments. It would mandate the Secretary of State to publish a plan for research into the impact of so...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护儿童（数字安全和数据保护）法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，英国下议院议员提出了《保护儿童（数字安全和数据保护）法案》。该法案将要求英国首席医疗官在颁布后 12 个月内向家长和护理人员发布有关儿童使用智能手机和社交媒体的指南，同时考虑现有的官方评论和后续发展。它将授权国务卿发布一项研究计划，以研究其影响......" }, { "date": "10 March 2022", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in United States of America - United Kingdom Cloud Act Agreement on access to electronic data for countering serious crime", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/joint-statement-united-states-and-united-kingdom-data-access-agreement", "description": "On 3 October 2022, the United States and the United Kingdom agreement on access to electronic data for the purpose of countering serious crime entered into force. The agreement applies to communications service providers operating in both jurisdictions and establishes a framework for resolving legal conflicts arising from cross-border data requests. It allows each government to request personal data directly from providers in the other country, subject to proportionality requirements, indepen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美利坚合众国 - 英国关于访问电子数据以打击严重犯罪的云法案协议的跨境数据传输监管", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 3 日，美国和英国关于获取电子数据以打击严重犯罪的协议生效。该协议适用于在两个司法管辖区运营的通信服务提供商，并建立了解决跨境数据请求引起的法律冲突的框架。它允许每个政府直接向另一个国家/地区的提供商索取个人数据，但须遵守比例要求，独立..." }, { "date": "17 March 2025", "title": "Ofcom investigation into file-sharing and file-storage providers on measures taken to prevent child sexual abuse material (CSAM) under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/enforcement-programme-into-measures-being-taken-by-file-sharing-and-file-storage-services-to-prevent-users-from-encountering-or-sharing-child-sexual-abuse-material-csam/", "description": "On 17 March 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced an enforcement programme to assess the measures taken by file-sharing and file-storage service providers to comply with their legal duties under the Online Safety Act 2023 in relation to child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The programme will examine whether providers have implemented appropriate systems to prevent users from encountering or sharing CSAM, including the use of automated moderation tools such as perceptual hash-mat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 根据《在线安全法》对文件共享和文件存储提供商针对防止儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 采取的措施进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 17 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布了一项执法计划，以评估文件共享和文件存储服务提供商为遵守《2023 年在线安全法》中与儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 相关的法律义务而采取的措施。该计划将检查提供商是否实施了适当的系统来防止用户遇到或共享 CSAM，包括使用自动审核工具，例如感知哈希表..." }, { "date": "22 March 2025", "title": "Lawsuit challenging personal data processing by Meta for direct marketing (Tanya O'Carroll v Meta Platforms)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/03/statement-on-ocarroll-vs-meta/", "description": "On 22 March 2025, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) issued a statement on the O’Carroll v Meta case. The lawsuit alleged that the company unlawfully processed personal data for direct marketing purposes. Under Article 21 of the United Kingdom's General Data Protection Regulation, Meta was required to cease the processing immediately upon receiving the objection to processing but failed to comply. The claimant also requested an order compelling Meta to stop using personal data fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "质疑 Meta 为直接营销而处理个人数据的诉讼（Tanya O'Carroll 诉 Meta Platform）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 22 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 就 O’Carroll 诉 Meta 案发表声明。该诉讼指控该公司出于直接营销目的非法处理个人数据。根据英国《通用数据保护条例》第 21 条，Meta 被要求在收到处理反对意见后立即停止处理，但未能遵守。 索赔人还要求命令 Meta 停止使用个人数据……" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology inquiry on nexus between data brokers and national security risks", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/data-brokers-and-national-security/data-brokers-and-national-security", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) closes an inquiry into data brokers and their impact on national security. The inquiry focuses on four areas, including defining data brokers and their services, assessing national security risks from hostile actors, evaluating the effectiveness of security and regulatory frameworks, and understanding the customer base and transparency within the industry. The inquiry aims to understand the activities, risks, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学、创新和技术部就数据经纪人与国家安全风险之间的关系进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，英国科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 结束了对数据经纪人及​​其对国家安全影响的调查。调查重点关注四个领域，包括定义数据经纪人及​​其服务、评估敌对行为者的国家安全风险、评估安全和监管框架的有效性以及了解行业内的客户群和透明度。调查旨在了解活动、风险和......" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into an online suicide discussion forum over alleged non-compliance with Online Safety Act (Reference No. CW/01293/04/25)", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-an-online-suicide-discussion-forum-and-its-compliance-with-duties-to-protect-its-users-from-illegal-content", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) issued a provisional decision that the provider of an online suicide forum may have breached the UK’s Online Safety Act. Ofcom has reasonable grounds to believe the provider failed to carry out an adequate illegal content risk assessment, prevent users in the UK from encountering priority illegal content, limit how long such content remains online, remove illegal material promptly, clearly explain user protections in its terms of servi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室对涉嫌不遵守《在线安全法》的在线自杀讨论论坛进行调查（参考编号：CW/01293/04/25）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一项临时决定，认为在线自杀论坛的提供商可能违反了英国的在线安全法。 Ofcom 有合理的理由相信提供商未能进行充分的非法内容风险评估、防止英国用户遇到优先非法内容、限制此类内容在线保留的时间、及时删除非法材料、在其服务条款中明确解释用户保护..." }, { "date": "10 February 2023", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office disclosure of Transfer Risk Assessments for Twilio/Sendgrid", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/our-information/disclosure-log/2023/10/ic-255397-r6q0-ic-255398-l0c8/", "description": "On 2 October 2023, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) disclosed the Transfer Risk Assessment (TRA) for Twilio/SendGrid, US-based technology companies that provide cloud communications and email delivery services. TRAs are documents that assess the risks associated with cross-border transfers of personal data, helping organisations meet relevant data protection obligations. The publication of the TRA follows broader concerns about data transfers to third countries, particularly in the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室披露 Twilio/Sendgrid 的传输风险评估", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 2 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 披露了针对提供云通信和电子邮件发送服务的美国科技公司 Twilio/SendGrid 的转移风险评估 (TRA)。 TRA 是评估与个人数据跨境传输相关的风险的文件，帮助组织履行相关的数据保护义务。 TRA 的发布是在人们对向第三国传输数据的更广泛担忧之后发布的，特别是在……" }, { "date": "24 April 2025", "title": "Office of Communications' Children's Risk Assessment Guidance and Children's Risk Profiles", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-protecting-children-from-harms-online/main-document/childrens-risk-assessment-guidance-and-childrens-risk-profiles.pdf?v=395454", "description": "On 24 April 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Children’s Risk Assessment Guidance and associated Children’s Risk Profiles, providing instructions and supporting information for providers of regulated user-to-user and search services to comply with their duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. This guidance outlines the process for conducting children's risk assessments, which are required to assess the risks of harm to children from various types of content. The guidan...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室儿童风险评估指南和儿童风险概况", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 24 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了《儿童风险评估指南》和相关的《儿童风险概况》，为受监管的用户对用户和搜索服务提供商提供说明和支持信息，以遵守《2023 年在线安全法》规定的职责。该指南概述了进行儿童风险评估的流程，以评估各类内容对儿童造成伤害的风险。指导..." }, { "date": "24 April 2025", "title": "Office of Communications' Children's Register of Risks", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-protecting-children-from-harms-online/main-document/childrens-register-of-risks.pdf?v=395443", "description": "On 24 April 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the Children’s Register of Risks, outlining the risks associated with various types of harmful content that children may encounter online. This register is structured around the types of content classified as harmful to children under the Online Safety Act 2023, including primary priority content (PPC) such as pornographic content, suicide and self-harm content, and eating disorder content, as well as priority content (PC) like ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室儿童风险登记册", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 24 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了儿童风险登记册，概述了儿童可能在网上遇到的各种有害内容的相关风险。该登记册围绕《2023 年在线安全法》中被归类为对儿童有害的内容类型构建，包括色情内容、自杀和自残内容、饮食失调内容等首要优先内容 (PPC)，以及……" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Office of Communications' amended Illegal Content Codes of Practice concerning user control under the Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/consultation-illegal-harms-user-controls", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes its public consultation to amend the Illegal Content Codes of Practice under the Online Safety Act 2023. The feedback received will inform Ofcom’s decision-making process, with plans to publish a statement in Summer 2026 outlining the outcomes and next steps. The consultation focused on expanding the application of two measures: blocking and muting user accounts (ICU J1) and disabling comments (ICU J2). The proposals aim to include ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室根据《2023 年在线安全法》修订了有关用户控制的非法内容行为守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 22 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了根据《2023 年在线安全法》修改非法内容行为守则的公众咨询。收到的反馈将为 Ofcom 的决策过程提供信息，并计划于 2026 年夏季发布一份声明，概述结果和后续步骤。咨询的重点是扩大两项措施的应用：阻止和静音用户帐户（ICU J1）以及禁用评论（ICU J2）。这些提案旨在包括..." }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "Recommendations on dedicated governance structures in AI 2030 Scenarios report", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6808fc002a86d6dfb2b52772/AI_2030_Scenarios_Report.pdf", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Government Office for Science published the AI 2030 Scenarios report as part of a broader series on Frontier AI: Capabilities and Risks. These guidelines for policymakers discuss the potential need for dedicated governance structures for artificial intelligence. As AI systems become more capable and widely deployed, the report notes that existing regulatory frameworks may face challenges in addressing AI-specific risks. It suggests that policymakers may wish to consider ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI 2030 情景报告中关于专门治理结构的建议", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 28 日，政府科学办公室发布了《人工智能 2030 年情景报告》，作为更广泛的前沿人工智能：能力和风险系列的一部分。这些政策制定者指南讨论了人工智能专用治理结构的潜在需求。报告指出，随着人工智能系统变得更加强大和广泛部署，现有的监管框架在解决人工智能特定风险方面可能面临挑战。它表明政策制定者可能希望考虑......" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into Kick Online Entertainment over alleged failure to comply with Online Safety Act duties", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/enforcing-the-online-safety-act-ofcom-investigates-kick-online-entertainment-s.a", "description": "On 14 May 2025, the UK's Office of Communications (Ofcom) initiated two investigations into Kick Online Entertainment. The investigations will assess whether the company has failed to comply with its duties under the UK's Online Safety Act. These duties include assessing the risk of users encountering illegal content and responding to statutory information requests. Ofcom initiated an enforcement programme on 3 March 2025 and issued an information request to the provider, which operates the p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室对 Kick Online Entertainment 涉嫌未遵守《在线安全法》职责展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 14 日，英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 对 Kick Online Entertainment 发起了两项调查。调查将评估该公司是否未遵守英国在线安全法规定的职责。这些职责包括评估用户遇到非法内容的风险并响应法定信息请求。 Ofcom 于 2025 年 3 月 3 日启动了一项执法计划，并向运营该服务的提供商发出了信息请求。" }, { "date": "8 November 2025", "title": "Wikimedia Foundation lawsuit against Ofcom challenging Online Safety Act categorisation regulations", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Wikimedia-Foundation-and-another-v-Secretary-of-State-for-Science-Innovation-and-Technology.pdf", "description": "On 11 August 2025, the High Court rejected Wikimedia Foundation’s challenge to its classification as a “Category 1 service” under the UK’s Online Safety Act (OSA). Wikimedia claimed that it should not be classified as a “Category 1 service” under the OSA on four grounds. First, it claimed the Secretary of State breached paragraph 1(5) of Schedule 11 of the Act, which requires consideration of the number of users of a service in relation to its dissemination. Wikimedia argued that the classifi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "维基媒体基金会针对 Ofcom 提起诉讼，挑战《在线安全法》分类规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 11 日，高等法院驳回了维基媒体基金会对其根据英国在线安全法案 (OSA) 被归类为“1 类服务”的质疑。维基媒体声称，基于四个理由，它不应被归类为 OSA 下的“1 类服务”。首先，它声称国务卿违反了该法案附表 11 第 1(5) 款，该款要求考虑与服务传播相关的服务用户数量。维基媒体认为分类..." }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office guidance for consumer Internet of Things products and services", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/online-tracking/guidance-for-consumer-internet-of-things-products-and-services/", "description": "On 7 September 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) closes its consultation on draft guidance for consumer Internet of Things (IoT) products and services, including an associated impact assessment. The consultation seeks stakeholder feedback to refine the final guidance, ensuring clarity on the application of data protection law and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (PECR) to IoT-related personal data processing. The guidance targets manufacturers, softwa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室消费者物联网产品和服务指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 7 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了有关消费者物联网 (IoT) 产品和服务指南草案的咨询，包括相关的影响评估。此次磋商寻求利益相关者的反馈意见，以完善最终指南，确保数据保护法和 2003 年隐私与电子通信条例 (PECR) 在物联网相关个人数据处理中的应用清晰。该指南针对制造商、软件..." }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "UK's Modern Industrial Strategy: Digital and Technologies Sector Plan", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/digital-and-technologies-sector-plan", "description": "On 23 June 2025, the UK Government released the Modern Industrial Strategy: Digital and Technologies Sector Plan as part of its broader industrial strategy framework. The plan outlines a roadmap to enhance the United Kingdom’s global standing in digital and technology sectors by 2035, with the stated objective of becoming one of the top three global destinations for creating, investing in, and scaling high-growth technology businesses. It identifies 6 priority frontier technologies, including...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国现代工业战略：数字和技术部门计划", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 23 日，英国政府发布了《现代工业战略：数字和技术行业计划》，作为其更广泛的工业战略框架的一部分。该计划概述了到 2035 年提高英国在数字和技术领域的全球地位的路线图，其既定目标是成为创建、投资和扩展高增长技术企业的全球三大目的地之一。它确定了 6 项优先前沿技术，包括……" }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Office of Communications' additional safety measures for online platforms", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/online-safety-additional-safety-measures", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes its consultation on additional safety measures for online platforms. The consultation, which was opened on 30 June 2025, sought input on proposed measures to enhance online safety. These measures include improving livestreaming protections, employing proactive technologies for content detection, and implementing stricter age assurance mechanisms. The aim is to address risks associated with illegal content, such as terrorism, chil...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室针对在线平台的额外安全措施", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了关于在线平台额外安全措施的咨询。该咨询于 2025 年 6 月 30 日开始，就加强在线安全的拟议措施征求意见。这些措施包括改进直播保护、采用主动技术进行内容检测以及实施更严格的年龄保证机制。目的是解决与非法内容相关的风险，例如恐怖主义、儿童……" }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Office of Communications amended Illegal Content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-online-safety---additional-safety-measures/annexes/annex-7---draft-illegal-content-codes-of-practice-for-user-to-user-services.pdf?v=399378", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes its consultation on the draft Illegal Content Codes of Practice for user-to-user services, which was initiated on 30 June 2025. These codes detail recommended measures relating to content moderation for providers to comply with their illegal content safety duties. The measures require all services to maintain a content moderation function capable of reviewing suspected illegal content (ICU C1) and ensuring the swift takedown of s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室的内容审核规则修订了用户对用户服务的非法内容行为守则", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了对用户对用户服务的非法内容行为守则草案的磋商，该草案于 2025 年 6 月 30 日启动。这些守则详细介绍了与内容审核相关的措施，供提供商遵守其非法内容安全职责。这些措施要求所有服务保持内容审核功能，能够审查可疑的非法内容（ICU C1）并确保迅速删除..." }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office updated guidance on storage and access technologies under Data (Use and Access) Act", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/07/ico-consultation-on-a-new-chapter-within-the-draft-updated-guidance-on-storage-and-access-technologies/", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office closes the consultation on its draft updated guidance on storage and access technologies. The updated draft guidance outlines obligations following the adoption of the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 and reflects changes to the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR). It explains how PECR and the UK GDPR apply to technologies that store or access information on user devices, including when this can occur without conse...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室更新了《数据（使用和访问）法》下的存储和访问技术指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，信息专员办公室结束了关于存储和访问技术更新指南草案的磋商。更新后的指南草案概述了《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法案》通过后的义务，并反映了《隐私和电子通信条例》(PECR) 的变化。它解释了 PECR 和英国 GDPR 如何应用于在用户设备上存储或访问信息的技术，包括何时可以在没有任何后果的情况下发生这种情况..." }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office inquiry into regulating online advertising under Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/07/ico-call-for-views-on-our-approach-to-regulating-online-advertising/", "description": "On 29 August 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office closes the consultation on its proposed approach to regulating online advertising under the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (PECR), particularly the enforcement of regulation 6, which requires user consent for storing or accessing information on devices. The ICO explores whether a risk-based enforcement model could enable certain types of online advertising without prior consent, provided the risk to privacy is low. Wh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对根据《隐私和电子通信条例》监管在线广告进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 29 日，信息专员办公室结束了关于根据《隐私和电子通信条例》(PECR) 监管在线广告的拟议方法的磋商，特别是第 6 条的执行，该条例要求用户同意在设备上存储或访问信息。 ICO 探讨了基于风险的执法模式是否可以在未经事先同意的情况下启用某些类型的在线广告，前提是隐私风险较低。什..." }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "Office of Communications enforcement programme to monitor compliance with children's risk assessment duties under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/enforcement-programme-to-monitor-if-services-are-meeting-their-childrens-risk-assessment-duties-under-the-online-safety-act-2023", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced an enforcement programme to monitor whether providers of user-to-user and search services are complying with their children’s risk assessment and record keeping duties under the Online Safety Act 2023. The programme applies to services likely to be accessed by children and assesses compliance with obligations to conduct a children’s access assessment by 16 April 2025 and, where applicable, a children’s risk assessment by 24 July 2...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室执行计划，以监督《在线安全法》规定的儿童风险评估职责的遵守情况", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布了一项执行计划，以监测用户对用户和搜索服务的提供商是否遵守《2023 年在线安全法》规定的儿童风险评估和记录保存职责。该计划适用于儿童可能访问的服务，并评估其是否遵守在 2025 年 4 月 16 日之前进行儿童访问评估的义务，并在适用的情况下在 2023 年 7 月 24 日之前进行儿童风险评估..." }, { "date": "14 July 2025", "title": "Office of Communications inquiry assessing adequacy of platform tools pertaining to online abuse of women", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/online-abuse/experiences-of-online-hate-and-abuse-among-women-in-politics", "description": "On 14 July 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published a report under the Online Safety Act 2023 addressing online abuse faced by women in politics. The report applies to online platforms hosting user-generated content, particularly social media services. It highlights the widespread, gendered abuse including misogyny, racism, and coordinated pile-ons experienced by women. It finds current platform tools inadequate, with serious effects on safety, mental health, and democratic partic...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室调查评估与网上虐待妇女有关的平台工具的充分性", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 14 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《2023 年在线安全法》发布了一份报告，解决政治女性面临的在线虐待问题。该报告适用于托管用户生成内容的在线平台，特别是社交媒体服务。它强调了广泛存在的性别虐待，包括女性遭受的厌女症、种族主义和协调性的攻击。它发现当前的平台工具不足，对安全、心理健康和民主参与产生严重影响......" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office investigation pertaining to alleged malicious cyber activities involving Russian entities", "url": "http://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/687a2136a8ee0c6e06f45271/Notice_Cyber_180725.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) updated the UK Sanctions List under the Cyber (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020, adding 19 Russian individuals and one entity linked to Russia's Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Units 26165, 29155 and 74455. The measures impose asset freezes and prohibit the provision of funds or economic resources to these actors, requiring entities to identify, freeze and report any related accounts to the Office of Financial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "外交、联邦和发展办公室对涉嫌涉及俄罗斯实体的恶意网络活动进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 18 日，英国外交、联邦与发展办公室 (FCDO) 根据 2020 年网络（制裁）（欧盟退出）条例更新了英国制裁名单，添加了 19 名俄罗斯个人和 1 个与俄罗斯主要情报局 (GRU) 第 26165、29155 和 74455 部队有联系的实体。这些措施实行资产冻结，并禁止向这些行为者提供资金或经济资源。要求实体查明、冻结并向财务办公室报告任何相关账户......" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and National Cyber Security Centre's cybersecurity guidance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/cyber-security-guidance-for-business#contents", "description": "On 22 July 2025, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the National Cyber Security Centre adopted cybersecurity guidance. The guidance urges organisations to take basic protective steps, obtain cyber essentials certification to demonstrate security standards and eligibility for government contracts, and use free online training for staff and leadership to build cyber resilience. It recommends tools to identify vulnerabilities, reporting cybercrime through official channels...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学、创新和技术部和国家网络安全中心的网络安全指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 22 日，科学、创新和技术部和国家网络安全中心通过了网络安全指南。该指南敦促组织采取基本的保护措施，获得网络要素认证以证明安全标准和政府合同的资格，并为员工和领导层使用免费的在线培训来建立网络弹性。它推荐识别漏洞的工具，通过官方渠道报告网络犯罪......" }, { "date": "20 August 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/904/made", "description": "On 20 August 2025, the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (Commencement No. 1) Regulations 2025 (S.I. 2025 No. 904 (C. 40)) enter into force, bringing into effect a set of provisions that form Stage 1 of the government's four-stage implementation plan for the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, which received Royal Assent on 19 June 2025. Stage 1 commences technical provisions clarifying the legal framework for data processing, statutory duties for the Information Commissioner’s Office in the exercis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年数据（使用和访问）法（第 1 号生效）中的数据保护法规 2025 年条例", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 20 日，《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法》（第 1 号生效）《2025 年条例》（S.I. 2025 第 904 号（C.40））生效，构成政府《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法》四阶段实施计划第一阶段的一组条款生效，该计划于 6 月 19 日获得御准2025 年。第一阶段开始制定技术条款，明确数据处理的法律框架、信息专员办公室在行使职责时的法定职责……" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Guidance for online safety fees", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-of-charging-principles-os-fees/main-documents/os-fees-and-penalties-notification-guidance.pdf?v=407982", "description": "On 21 November 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted the notification guidance for online safety fees. The guidance explains how regulated service providers must notify Ofcom and provide evidence of their qualifying worldwide revenue. The guidance applies to social media platforms, search engines, and pornography services with links to the United Kingdom that exceed the revenue threshold set by the Secretary of State. Providers must submit qualifying worldwide revenue returns thr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线安全费用指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 21 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 通过了在线安全费通知指南。该指南解释了受监管的服务提供商必须如何通知 Ofcom 并提供其合格的全球收入的证据。该指南适用于链接到英国且超过国务卿设定的收入门槛的社交媒体平台、搜索引擎和色情服务。提供商必须通过以下方式提交合格的全球收入申报表：" }, { "title": "Online Safety Act (Priority Offences) (Amendment) Regulations 2025 classifying self-harm content as priority offences", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1352/made", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the Online Safety Act 2023 (Priority Offences) (Amendment) Regulations 2025 enter into force. The statutory instrument updates Schedule 7 of the Online Safety Act to include cyberflashing (section 66A of the Sexual Offences Act 2003) and encouraging or assisting serious self-harm (section 184 of the OSA) as priority offences. Online service providers, including social media platforms and search services, are required to prioritise these offences under their Online Safety Ac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年《在线安全法（优先犯罪）（修正案）条例》将自残内容列为优先犯罪", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 8 日，《2023 年在线安全法（优先犯罪）（修正案）2025 年条例》生效。该法律文书更新了《在线安全法》附表 7，将网络闪光（《2003 年性犯罪法》第 66A 条）和鼓励或协助严重自残（《OSA》第 184 条）列为优先犯罪行为。包括社交媒体平台和搜索服务在内的在线服务提供商必须根据其在线安全法案优先考虑这些违规行为..." }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Office of Communications enforcement programme under the Online Safety Act 2023 targeting compliance with age assurance obligations", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/enforcement-bulletin-enforcement-programme-to-protect-children-from-harmful-content-through-the-use-of-age-assurance", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced the initiation of an enforcement programme under the Online Safety Act 2023, targeting compliance among user-to-user service providers with the duty to deploy age assurance mechanisms. The programme focuses on services whose principal purpose is to disseminate \"Primary Priority Content\" and on their obligations to prevent children from encountering content promoting suicide, self-harm, eating disorders, or pornography, as set out...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室根据《2023 年在线安全法》执行计划，旨在遵守年龄保证义务", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 24 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布根据《2023 年在线安全法》启动一项执行计划，目标是用户对用户服务提供商遵守部署年龄保证机制的义务。该计划的重点是主要目的是传播“主要优先内容”的服务，以及他们有义务防止儿童遇到宣扬自杀、自残、饮食失调或色情内容的内容，如所规定的……" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Office of Communications' Guidance for Data Preservation Notices under Data (Use and Access) Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/consultation-on-data-preservation-notices/statement-data-preservation-notices.pdf?v=409384", "description": "On 15 December 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted a statement on data preservation notices under the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 addressing the responses to its consultation. In the statement, Ofcom sets out its decisions regarding data preservation notices, including their form and content, and summarises the consequent changes to the Online Safety Information Powers Guidance. The notices require providers of regulated services to retain data on a child’s online activity a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室根据数据（使用和访问）法发布的数据保存通知指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 15 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 根据《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法》通过了一份关于数据保存通知的声明，回应了对其咨询的回应。在声明中，Ofcom 阐述了其有关数据保存通知的决定，包括其形式和内容，并总结了对《在线安全信息权力指南》的后续变更。该通知要求受监管服务提供商保留儿童在线活动的数据......" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into Meta's participation in regulatory sandbox focusing on privacy-preserving advertising system", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/bfcjqc32/meta-regulatory-sandbox-final-report.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) welcomed Meta’s changes to its advertising model in the United Kingdom (UK). It was stated that Meta will ask users for consent before using their personal data for targeted advertisements (ads). Users can either consent to personalised ads or pay a monthly subscription for an ad-free service, under a ‘consent or pay’ model. The subscription price for UK users has been set at about half that of European Union's users. The ICO e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对 Meta 参与监管沙盒的调查，重点关注隐私保护广告系统", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 对 Meta 在英国 (UK) 广告模式的改变表示欢迎。据称，Meta 在将用户的个人数据用于定向广告（广告）之前会征求用户的同意。用户可以在“同意或付费”模式下同意个性化广告，也可以按月订阅无广告服务。英国用户的订阅价格约为欧盟用户的一半。 ICO 电子..." }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Office of Communications investigation into Wojtek over potential non-compliance of its service Gofile under the Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-wojteks-compliance-assurances-to-take-measures-to-prevent-users-from-encountering-or-sharing-child-sexual-abuse-material", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closed its investigation into Wojtek concerning its service Gofile, following compliance remediation under the Online Safety Act 2023. Ofcom had previously opened an enforcement programme on 17 March 2025 to assess measures adopted by file-sharing and file-storage services presenting risks of harm to UK users from image-based child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The investigation evaluated whether Wojtek had undertaken a suitable and suf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室对 Wojtek 进行调查，称其服务 Gofile 可能违反《在线安全法》", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 13 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 在根据《2023 年在线安全法》进行合规补救后，结束了对其服务 Gofile 的调查。Ofcom 此前曾于 2025 年 3 月 17 日启动了一项执法计划，以评估文件共享和文件存储服务所采取的措施，这些措施对英国用户造成基于图像的儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的伤害风险。调查评估了 Wojtek 是否采取了适当且充分的..." }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into Capita plc and Capita Pension Solutions Limited over data security breaches", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/enforcement/2025/10/capita-plc/", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) imposed penalties totalling GBP 14 million on Capita, with Capita plc being fined GBP 8 million and Capita Pension Solutions Limited GBP 6 million for breaches of the UK's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) data security requirements. The ruling highlighted that a March 2023 ransomware attack resulted in the exfiltration of 6,656,037 personal data records, including sensitive financial and special category data. The ICO...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对 Capita plc 和 Capita Pension Solutions Limited 数据安全漏洞进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 15 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 对 Capita 处以总计 1400 万英镑的罚款，其中 Capita plc 被罚款 800 万英镑，Capita Pension Solutions Limited 因违反英国通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 数据安全要求而被罚款 600 万英镑。该裁决强调，2023 年 3 月的勒索软件攻击导致 6,656,037 条个人数据记录被泄露，其中包括敏感的财务和特殊类别数据。首次代币发行..." }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on consent or pay advertising models", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/consent-or-pay/", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) published guidance on “consent or pay” advertising models in the United Kingdom. The guidance defines “consent or pay” as a business model funding online services by offering users a choice. Under consent or pay, a user may consent to personal information use for personalised advertising, pay a fee to access the service without personalised advertising, or not use the service. Organisations present this choice upon accessing thei...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于同意或付费广告模式的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了有关英国“同意或付费”广告模式的指南。该指南将“同意或付费”定义为通过为用户提供选择来资助在线服务的商业模式。在同意或付费的情况下，用户可以同意将个人信息用于个性化广告、付费访问没有个性化广告的服务，或者不使用该服务。组织在访问它们时会提出此选择..." }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Online Safety (CSEA Content Reporting by Regulated User-to-User Service Providers) (Revocation) Regulations 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/1066/pdfs/uksi_20251066_en.pdf", "description": "On 2 November 2025, the Online Safety (CSEA Content Reporting by Regulated User-to-User Service Providers) (Revocation) Regulations 2025 under the Online Safety Act 2023 entered into force. The rules required online platforms to detect and report child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) content to the National Crime Agency (NCA). They applied to UK and non-UK user-to-user service providers, including social media and messaging platforms. Providers were required to appoint a senior manager t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年在线安全（受监管的用户对用户服务提供商的 CSEA 内容报告）（撤销）条例", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 2 日，《2023 年在线安全法》下的《2025 年在线安全（受监管的用户对用户服务提供商的 CSEA 内容报告）（撤销）条例》生效。这些规则要求在线平台检测儿童性剥削和性虐待 (CSEA) 内容并向国家犯罪局 (NCA) 报告。他们向英国和非英国的用户对用户服务提供商提出申请，包括社交媒体和消息平台。提供商必须任命一名高级经理..." }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Government's outline on cybersecurity responsibilities", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/68ecf8c6e7b6794c076bbd7f/HMG_cyber_letter_to_FTSE_350_-_for_sharing.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, the Secretary of State for Business and Trade, the Minister for Security, and the Director General of the National Crime Agency issued letters to large businesses on cybersecurity responsibilities. It is addressed to businesses in the United Kingdom across all sectors and requests three actions, including adopting the Cyber Governance Code of Practice with board training and incident exercises, registering for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府网络安全责任大纲", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 13 日，科学、创新和技术大臣、商业和贸易大臣、安全部长和国家犯罪局局长就网络安全责任向大型企业发出了信函。它面向英国各行业的企业，要求采取三项行动，包括采用网络治理实践准则以及董事会培训和事件演习、注册……" }, { "date": "1 February 2026", "title": "AI Growth Lab", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/ai-growth-lab/ai-growth-lab", "description": "On 2 January 2026, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) closes the public consultation regarding the establishment of an AI Growth Lab. The proposed Lab aims to support innovation in AI-enabled products and services by relaxing targeted regulations imposed upon the AI sector within a controlled environment. The initiative responds to concerns that current regulations, designed before AI existed, may unnecessarily assume human involvement and static products. The Lab wo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能成长实验室", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 2 日，科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 结束了关于建立人工智能增长实验室的公众咨询。拟建实验室旨在通过在受控环境下放松对人工智能行业的针对性监管，支持人工智能产品和服务的创新。该倡议回应了人们的担忧，即当前的法规是在人工智能出现之前制定的，可能不必要地假设人类参与和静态产品。该实验室..." }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Rules on combatting mobile messaging scams", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/scam-calls-and-messages/consultation-combatting-mobile-messaging-scams", "description": "On 28 January 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on a draft rule on combating mobile messaging scams. The draft rule would require mobile providers to limit messaging volumes on pay-as-you-go SIMs, block numbers reported for scams and detect and stop scam messages in transit. For business messaging, providers and aggregators would need to conduct thorough “know your customer” and “know your traffic” checks, verify sender identities, manage incidents by addressi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "打击手机短信诈骗的规则", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 28 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了关于打击移动短信诈骗的规则草案的磋商。该规则草案将要求移动提供商限制即用即付 SIM 卡上的消息量、阻止报告诈骗的号码以及检测和阻止传输中的诈骗消息。对于商业消息传递，提供商和聚合商需要进行彻底的“了解您的客户”和“了解您的流量”检查，验证发件人身份，通过地址管理事件..." }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Data Protection Enforcement Procedural Guidance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/10/ico-consultation-on-data-protection-enforcement-procedural-guidance/", "description": "On 23 January 2026, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) closes the public consultation, which had been open since 31 October 2025, on the Draft Data Protection Enforcement Procedural Guidance under the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA) and the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The consultation covered the same statutory guidance on the use of investigatory and enforcement powers, including opening investigations, application of information notices, assessment notices, intervi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护执行程序指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 23 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 结束了自 2025 年 10 月 31 日起就《2018 年数据保护法》(DPA) 和《英国通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 下的数据保护执行程序指南草案进行的公众咨询。咨询涵盖了有关使用调查和执法权力的相同法定指南，包括开展调查、信息通知的应用、评估通知、干预……" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Guidance on sharing personal data to prevent, detect, and investigate scams and fraud", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/ico-and-stakeholder-consultations/2025/10/ico-consultation-on-advice-about-sharing-data/", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) closes the consultation on its guidance originally published in November 2024 on sharing personal information when preventing, detecting, and investigating scams and frauds. The guidance describes how organisations can share personal information in compliance with the UK General Data Protection Regulation and the Data Protection Act 2018 to support scam and fraud mitigation. It outlines ICO’s regulatory approach, promoting respo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于共享个人数据以预防、检测和调查诈骗和欺诈的指南", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室 (ICO) 于 2025 年 12 月 31 日结束了对其最初于 2024 年 11 月发布的关于在预防、检测和调查诈骗和欺诈时共享个人信息的指南的咨询。该指南描述了组织如何根据英国通用数据保护条例和 2018 年数据保护法共享个人信息，以支持减少诈骗和欺诈。它概述了 ICO 的监管方法，促进..." }, { "date": "12 January 2025", "title": "Office of Communications statutory inquiry into use and effectiveness of age assurance under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/call-for-evidence-statutory-reports-on-age-assurance-and-app-stores", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on its statutory report on the use and effectiveness of age assurance under the Online Safety Act. The consultation gathers information on the deployment of age assurance by regulated services to comply with section 12 and Part 5 duties to prevent children from encountering primary priority content and protect them from other harmful content. Ofcom requested evidence concerning technical accuracy, proportionality...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室对在线安全法下年龄保证的使用和有效性进行法定调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 1 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了关于《在线安全法》下年龄保证的使用和有效性的法定报告的咨询。此次咨询收集了有关受监管服务部署年龄保证的信息，以遵守第 12 条和第 5 部分的职责，防止儿童接触主要优先内容并保护他们免受其他有害内容的影响。 Ofcom 要求提供有关技术准确性、相称性的证据......" }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged unauthorised use of copyrighted works and trade marks in generative AI (Getty Images v Stability AI Limited/IL-2023-000007)", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/getty-images-v-stability-ai/", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the High Court of Justice in England and Wales ruled that Stability AI had partially infringed Getty Images’ ISTOCK and GETTY IMAGES trademarks. The Court found that synthetic watermark images produced by Stable Diffusion version 1.x (used through DreamStudio and the Developer Platform) breached the ISTOCK trademark, and that a few examples from version 2.1 infringed the GETTY IMAGES mark. However, the Court dismissed the rest of Getty’s trademark claims, including those r...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于涉嫌未经授权使用生成人工智能中受版权保护的作品和商标的诉讼（Getty Images v Stability AI Limited/IL-2023-000007）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 4 日，英格兰和威尔士高等法院裁定 Stability AI 部分侵犯了 Getty Images 的 ISTOCK 和 GETTY IMAGES 商标。法院认定，Stable Diffusion 1.x 版（通过 DreamStudio 和开发者平台使用）生成的合成水印图像侵犯了 ISTOCK 商标，并且 2.1 版中的一些示例侵犯了 GETTY IMAGES 商标。然而，法院驳回了 Getty 的其余商标主张，包括那些..." }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Guidance on qualifying worldwide revenue", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-of-charging-principles-os-fees/main-documents/os-fees-and-penalties-guidance-on-qwr.pdf?v=408159", "description": "On 21 November 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) adopted the guidance on qualifying worldwide revenue. The guidance explains how the Online Safety Act, which applies to social media platforms and search services, establishes the concept of qualifying worldwide revenue (QWR), which is relevant both to the calculation of fees for funding regulatory activities and to the maximum penalties under the Act. The guidance sets out principles for QWR calculation, including completeness, accura...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球合格收入指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 21 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 采用了有关合格全球收入的指南。该指南解释了适用于社交媒体平台和搜索服务的《在线安全法案》如何建立合格全球收入 (QWR) 的概念，该概念与资助监管活动的费用计算以及该法案规定的最高处罚有关。该指南规定了 QWR 计算的原则，包括完整性、准确性……" }, { "date": "12 January 2025", "title": "Children's Code Strategy progress update (December 2025)", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/childrens-information/childrens-code-guidance-and-resources/protecting-childrens-privacy-online-our-childrens-code-strategy/children-s-code-strategy-progress-update-december-2025/", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Information Commissioner’s Office released the Children’s Code Strategy Progress Update, outlining developments since March 2025 on default privacy settings, geolocation, targeted advertising, recommender systems, and age assurance across assessed social media and video-sharing platforms. The update also noted TikTok’s appeal against an information notice in the ongoing investigation into its recommender systems and described planned work on mobile games. It stated tha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童守则战略进度更新（2025 年 12 月）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 1 日，信息专员办公室发布了《儿童守则战略进展更新》，概述了自 2025 年 3 月以来在受评估的社交媒体和视频共享平台上默认隐私设置、地理位置、定向广告、推荐系统和年龄保证方面的进展。更新还指出了 TikTok 对其推荐系统正在进行的调查中的信息通知提出的上诉，并描述了移动游戏方面的计划工作。它指出..." }, { "date": "12 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on file-storage and file-sharing services under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/file-sharing-and-file-storage-know-the-online-safety-risks-the-rules-and-how-to-comply", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) released updated guidance on file-storage and file-sharing services under the Online Safety Act, setting out how the Online Safety Act applies to file-storage and file-sharing services with links to the UK that qualify as a user-to-user service. The guidance explains that providers are legally responsible for assessing and mitigating risks of illegal content and content harmful to children, including terrorism content, child sexual exp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《在线安全法》下的文件存储和文件共享服务指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 10 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了《在线安全法》下的文件存储和文件共享服务的更新指南，规定了《在线安全法》如何适用于具有指向英国且符合用户对用户服务资格的文件存储和文件共享服务。该指南解释说，提供商有法律责任评估和减轻非法内容和对儿童有害的内容的风险，包括恐怖主义内容、儿童性剥削内容……" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Online Safety Super-Complaints (Eligibility and Procedural Matters) Regulations 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2025/919/made/data.pdf", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Online Safety Super-Complaints (Eligibility and Procedural Matters) Regulations 2025 entered into force. The Regulations establish eligibility criteria for entities entitled to submit super-complaints to the Office of Communications (Ofcom) under section 169(1) of the Online Safety Act 2023 and set out procedural requirements governing such complaints. They specify supporting evidence for eligibility, information requirements for super-complaints, grounds and procedur...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年在线安全超级投诉（资格和程序事项）条例", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 31 日，《2025 年在线安全超级投诉（资格和程序事项）条例》生效。该条例规定了有权根据《2023 年在线安全法》第 169(1) 条向通信办公室 (Ofcom) 提交超级投诉的实体的资格标准，并规定了管理此类投诉的程序要求。他们详细说明了资格的支持证据、超级投诉的信息要求、理由和程序……" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Department for Business and Trade inquiry on refining competition regime", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/refining-our-competition-regime", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Department for Business and Trade closes its consultation as part of an inquiry titled \"Refining our competition regime\". The aim of the inquiry is to consider potential legislative changes to change the organisational structure and working processes of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). One of the proposed measures would grant the CMA stronger investigative powers in relation to algorithms, noting that the use of algorithms can facilitate collusion and consume...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "商业和贸易部关于完善竞争制度的调查", "description_zh": "商业和贸易部于 2026 年 3 月 31 日结束咨询，作为题为“完善我们的竞争制度”的调查的一部分。此次调查的目的是考虑潜在的立法变更，以改变竞争与市场管理局（CMA）的组织结构和工作流程。拟议的措施之一将赋予 CMA 在算法方面更强的调查权，并指出算法的使用可能会促进共谋并消耗……" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Information Commissioner's Office investigation into Allay Claims and ZMLUK over alleged unsolicited marketing messages", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/01/fines-of-225-000-for-nuisance-marketing-messages/", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the United Kingdom Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) fined Allay Claims Ltd and ZMLUK Limited a total of GBP 225'000 for sending unsolicited marketing messages in breach of the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 (PECR). Allay Claims Ltd was fined GBP 120'000 for sending 4'046'947 marketing SMS messages between February 2023 and February 2024 promoting Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) tax refund services. The ICO found that Allay Claims Ltd did n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对 Allay Claims 和 ZMLUK 涉嫌未经请求的营销信息进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 20 日，英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 对 Allay Claims Ltd 和 ZMLUK Limited 处以总计 225,000 英镑的罚款，原因是它们违反《2003 年隐私和电子通信条例》(PECR) 发送未经请求的营销信息。 Allay Claims Ltd 因在 2023 年 2 月至 2024 年 2 月期间发送 4,046,947 条促销支付保护保险 (PPI) 退税服务的营销短信而被罚款 120,000 英镑。 ICO 发现 Allay Claims Ltd 没有..." }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Office of Communications Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation with Internet Watch Foundation against online child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/ofcom-and-iwf-reinforce-partnership-in-fight-against-online-child-sexual-abuse", "description": "On 29 January 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published an announcement confirming its reinforced collaboration with the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) under a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed in November 2025. In its announcement, Ofcom described the scope of the MOU and its relevance to Ofcom's duties under the Online Safety Act. It stated that the IWF operates a hotline dedicated to identifying and removing online child sexual abuse material and is the only non-law enfo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室与互联网观察基金会合作打击在线儿童性虐待材料的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 29 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布公告，确认根据 2025 年 11 月签署的谅解备忘录 (MOU) 加强与互联网观察基金会 (IWF) 的合作。Ofcom 在公告中描述了谅解备忘录的范围及其与 Ofcom 在《在线安全法》下的职责的相关性。它表示，IWF 运营着一条热线，致力于识别和删除在线儿童性虐待材料，并且是唯一的非法执法机构。" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Office of Communications inquiry into removal of listed events conditions from television broadcast licences", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/broadcast-standards/consultation-listed-events-proposed-variations-to-broadcast-licences", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on the proposal to remove conditions relating to listed events from television broadcast licences. This initiative follows the enactment of the Media Act 2024, which introduces revisions to the legal framework governing the listed events regime. The existing regime prohibits television programme providers from acquiring rights to televise certain sporting events of national interest, such as the Olympics or football...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信办公室对电视广播许可证中删除列出的事件条件进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 2 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了关于删除电视广播许可证中所列事件相关条件的提案的磋商。这项举措是在《2024 年媒体法》颁布后制定的，该法对管理所列事件制度的法律框架进行了修订。现行制度禁止电视节目提供商获得转播某些涉及国家利​​益的体育赛事的权利，例如奥运会或足球……" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "UK Information Commissioner source on Grok-related data-protection oversight", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/02/ico-announces-investigation-into-grok/", "description": "Official source record dated 2 March 2026 for United Kingdom concerning Information Commissioner's Office investigation into X Internet Unlimited Company and X.AI LLC over alleged unlawful processing of personal data via Grok AI. See the linked ico.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室对 X Internet Unlimited Company 和 X.AI LLC 涉嫌通过 Grok AI 非法处理个人数据展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 3 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 对 X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC) 和 X.AI LLC (X.AI) 就 Grok 人工智能 (AI) 系统处理个人数据的情况展开正式调查。调查之前有报道称，人工智能工具被用来生成未经同意的性图像，包括涉及儿童的内容，这引发了人们对遵守英国通用数据保护条例 (UK GDPR) 和数据的担忧。" }, { "title": "Data protection by design and by default guidance under Guide to accountability and governance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/accountability-and-governance/guide-to-accountability-and-governance/data-protection-by-design-and-by-default/", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the Information Commissioner’s Office updated the guidance titled Data protection by design and by default under the Guide to accountability and governance. The update reflects changes introduced by the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, which amended the UK General Data Protection Regulation provisions on data protection by design and by default. The guidance outlines controller obligations under Article 25 to embed data protection and privacy into the design, development, o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "责任和治理指南下的设计和默认指导下的数据保护", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 5 日，信息专员办公室在《责任和治理指南》下更新了标题为“设计和默认数据保护”的指南。此次更新反映了《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法案》引入的变化，该法案修订了英国《通用数据保护条例》中关于设计和默认数据保护的规定。该指南概述了第 25 条规定的控制者义务，将数据保护和隐私嵌入到设计、开发、..." }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Proactive technology requirement for illegal intimate images in Illegal Harms Code", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/ofcom-fast-tracks-decision-on-measures-to-block-illegal-intimate-images", "description": "On 18 February 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) announced it would fast-track its decision on a proposed requirement for tech firms to use proactive technology to block illegal intimate images at source. The proposed requirement would oblige sites and apps to deploy a technology known as \"hash matching\" to detect intimate images shared without consent, including explicit deepfakes. Ofcom consulted on this requirement as part of a broader range of additional online protections in the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《非法伤害法典》中对非法亲密图像的主动技术要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 18 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 宣布将快速做出决定，要求科技公司使用主动技术从源头上阻止非法亲密图像。拟议的要求将迫使网站和应用程序部署一种称为“哈希匹配”的技术来检测未经同意共享的私密图像，包括明显的深度伪造图像。 Ofcom 就这一要求进行了咨询，作为更广泛的附加在线保护的一部分......" }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "On-demand Programme Services (Tier 1 Services) Regulations 2026", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uks-video-on-demand-services-to-have-enhanced-ofcom-regulation", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport announced that will lay before Parliament the On-demand Programme Services (Tier 1 Services) Regulations 2026, implementing the Media Act 2024. The Regulations will designate video-on-demand (VoD) services with more than 500'000 UK users as “Tier 1” services. This will bring an estimated 20 VoD services within the scope of the Office of Communication’s (Ofcom) regulatory oversight. Tier 1 services will be required to comply wit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年点播节目服务（一级服务）条例", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 24 日，文化、媒体和体育部宣布将向议会提交《2026 年点播节目服务（第一级服务）条例》，以实施《2024 年媒体法》。该条例将把拥有超过 50 万英国用户的视频点播 (VoD) 服务指定为“第一级”服务。这将使大约 20 种视频点播服务纳入通信办公室 (Ofcom) 的监管范围。 一级服务将需要遵守......" }, { "title": "Guidance on consumer protection for businesses using AI agents", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/complying-with-consumer-law-when-using-ai-agents/complying-with-consumer-law-when-using-ai-agents#monitor-how-your-ai-agents-are-performing", "description": "On 9 March 2026, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) published a guidance on complying with consumer law when using AI agents. The guidance is intended for businesses that use AI agents to handle customer queries, process refunds, recommend products and manage marketing campaigns, among other activities. The guidance states that consumer law applies equally whether customers interact with a person or an AI agent, and that businesses are responsible for the conduct of AI agents in the ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "使用人工智能代理的企业消费者保护指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 9 日，竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 发布了关于使用人工智能代理时遵守消费者法的指南。该指南适用于使用人工智能代理处理客户查询、处理退款、推荐产品和管理营销活动等活动的企业。该指南指出，无论客户与个人还是人工智能代理互动，消费者法都同样适用，并且企业对人工智能代理在……中的行为负责。" }, { "title": "Guidance on child sexual exploitation and abuse reporting duty under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/duty-to-report-child-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-csea-content-know-the-rules-and-how-to-comply", "description": "On 12 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published a guidance on the child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) reporting duty established under the Online Safety Act. From 7 April 2026, the duty applies to regulated user-to-user services only, with commencement for search services expected at a later date. Under the duty, in-scope services are required to report all detected and unreported CSEA content to the National Crime Agency (NCA) via the Child Sexual Exploitation & Abus...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于《在线安全法》规定的儿童性剥削和性虐待报告义务的指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 12 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了关于《在线安全法》规定的儿童性剥削和性虐待 (CSEA) 报告义务的指南。从 2026 年 4 月 7 日起，该关税仅适用于受监管的用户对用户服务，预计稍后将开始搜索服务。根据该职责，范围内的服务必须通过儿童性剥削和虐待向国家犯罪局 (NCA) 报告所有检测到和未报告的 CSEA 内容..." }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Statement of Charging Principles for Online Safety Fees", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/category-1-10-weeks/statement-of-charging-principles-os-fees/main-documents/statement/statement-statement-of-charging-principles-online-safety-fees.pdf?v=413703", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the final Statement of Charging Principles (SoCP) for the online safety fees regime under Section 88(4) of the Online Safety Act 2023. The SoCP applies to the 2026/2027 charging year (1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027) and subsequent charging years, and sets out the principles for determining fees payable by providers of regulated services under Section 84 of the Act. It does not cover fees recoverable under Schedule 10 of the Act. ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全费收费原则声明", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 17 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了《2023 年在线安全法》第 88(4) 条下的在线安全费用制度的最终收费原则声明 (SoCP)。该 SoCP 适用于 2026/2027 收费年（2026 年 4 月 1 日至 2027 年 3 月 31 日）及后续收费年，并规定了根据第 88(4) 条确定受监管服务提供商应付费用的原则该法第 84 条。它不包括根据该法案附表 10 可收回的费用。 ..." }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Office of Communications inquiry into online child sexual abuse and exploitation", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/research-statistics-and-data/protecting-children/csam-perpetrator-research-report.pdf?v=413698", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) published the results of its inquiry into global online child sexual abuse and exploitation. The inquiry, conducted with the non-governmental organisation Protect Children, surveyed over 20,000 offenders anonymously to understand how they use online services. Findings show that 59% of respondents were first exposed to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) before age 18, with 24% encountering it accidentally. Offenders used both the dark web ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室对网上儿童性虐待和性剥削进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，英国通讯办公室 (Ofcom) 公布了对全球在线儿童性虐待和性剥削的调查结果。这项调查是与非政府组织“保护儿童”共同进行的，对超过 20,000 名犯罪者进行了匿名调查，以了解他们如何使用在线服务。调查结果显示，59% 的受访者在 18 岁之前首次接触儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM)，其中 24% 是无意中接触到的。犯罪者使用暗网......" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and Department for Culture, Media and Sport inquiry into copyright and artificial intelligence", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69ba692226909a14239612e4/CP2602959_-_Report_on_Copyright_and_Artificial_Intelligence_web.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport published a report on copyright and artificial intelligence (AI) pursuant to section 136 of the Data (Use and Access) Act. The report evaluates the use of copyrighted works in developing AI systems, focusing on access to data, transparency regarding training sets, technical standards for access control, and licensing of copyright works for AI development. It addresses the en...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学、创新及科技部及文化、媒体及体育部对版权及人工智能的调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，科学、创新和技术部以及文化、媒体和体育部根据《数据（使用和访问）法》第 136 条发布了一份关于版权和人工智能 (AI) 的报告。该报告评估了在开发人工智能系统时使用版权作品的情况，重点关注数据的访问、训练集的透明度、访问控制的技术标准以及人工智能开发的版权作品的许可。它解决了..." }, { "title": "Guidance on material third party arrangements (FG26/4)", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/finalised-guidance/fg26-4.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2027, the guidance on material third-party arrangements (FG26/4) comes into force. It applies to designated investment firms, authorised electronic money or payment institutions, and other financial institutions. The guidance requires firms to assess whether arrangements could cause intolerable harm to clients (“materiality”) or threaten the stability and resilience of the financial system. Regulated firms must maintain a structured register of such arrangements and submit it annu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于重大第三方安排的指南（FG26/4）", "description_zh": "重大第三方安排指南 (FG26/4) 于 2027 年 3 月 18 日生效。适用于指定投资公司、授权电子货币或支付机构以及其他金融机构。该指南要求公司评估安排是否会对客户造成无法忍受的伤害（“实质性”）或威胁金融体系的稳定性和弹性。受监管的公司必须维护此类安排的结构化登记册并每年提交..." }, { "title": "Guidance on operational incident reporting (FG26/3)", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/finalised-guidance/fg26-3.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2027, the guidance on operational incident reporting for firms with Part 4A permission, payment service providers (PSPs), credit rating agencies, and other financial firms enters into force. The guidelines establish a standardised process for reporting significant operational disruptions to protect consumers and maintain market stability. The guidance defines an operational incident as a single event or series of linked events that disrupts service delivery to external end users o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "运行事故报告指南（FG26/3）", "description_zh": "2027 年 3 月 18 日，针对获得第 4A 部分许可的公司、支付服务提供商 (PSP)、信用评级机构和其他金融公司的运营事件报告指南生效。该指南建立了报告重大运营中断的标准化流程，以保护消费者并维持市场稳定。该指南将操作事件定义为中断向外部最终用户提供服务的单个事件或一系列链接事件。" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Information request regarding regulatory engagement of Office of Communications with large technology companies", "url": "https://www.iclr.co.uk/document/2026001906/2026ukftt389grc_TNA/html", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the First-tier Tribunal upheld the Information Commissioner's Office decision confirming the Office of Communications (Ofcom) refusal to disclose information relating to its engagement with technology companies under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. The decision affects digital platforms and online service providers, including Meta, Google, X, and TikTok, that engage with Ofcom in the context of online safety regulation. The Tribunal found that the requested information,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于通信办公室与大型科技公司的监管合作的信息请求", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 17 日，一级法庭维持了信息专员办公室的决定，确认通信办公室 (Ofcom) 拒绝披露与其根据《2000 年信息自由法》与科技公司合作有关的信息。该决定影响到在网络安全监管背景下与 Ofcom 合作的数字平台和在线服务提供商，包括 Meta、Google、X 和 TikTok。仲裁庭发现所请求的信息..." }, { "title": "Updated Risk Assessment Guidance and Risk Profiles under Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/new-priority-offences-serious-self-harm-and-cyberflashing", "description": "On 24 April 2026, the Office of Communications (Ofcom) closes the consultation on the updated draft risk assessment guidance and risk profiles under the Online Safety Act 2023. The guidance applies to providers of user-to-user and search services that are regulated under the Act. The Authority will update the guidance to reflect the designation of encouraging or assisting serious self-harm and cyberflashing as priority offences. It would combine the offences of encouraging or assisting suici...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年在线安全法更新的风险评估指南和风险简介", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 24 日，通信办公室 (Ofcom) 结束了关于《2023 年在线安全法案》风险评估指南和风险概况更新草案的磋商。该指南适用于受该法案监管的用户对用户服务和搜索服务提供商。该管理局将更新该指南，以反映将鼓励或协助严重自残和网络闪现列为优先犯罪行为。它将结合鼓励或协助自杀的罪行......" }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Updated information on legitimate interests in the guide to lawful bases under UK General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/lawful-basis/a-guide-to-lawful-basis/legitimate-interests/?search=marketing", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) updated the information regarding legitimate interests in the guide to lawful basis under the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). Legitimate interests are one of seven lawful bases for processing personal information under the UK GDPR. It applies where processing is necessary for the legitimate interests pursued by the controller or a third party, except where overridden by the interests or fundamental rights and freed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国《通用数据保护条例》合法依据指南中有关合法利益的更新信息", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 23 日，信息专员办公室 (ICO) 更新了英国通用数据保护条例 (UK GDPR) 合法依据指南中有关合法利益的信息。合法利益是根据英国 GDPR 处理个人信息的七个合法依据之一。它适用于控制者或第三方追求合法利益而有必要进行处理的情况，除非被利益或基本权利推翻并释放......" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Work in the UK as a leader in digital technology (Global Talent visa)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/global-talent-digital-technology", "description": "Get endorsement for the Global Talent visa to work in the UK as a digital technology expert - fintech, gaming, cyber security, artificial intelligence", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "作为数字技术领导者在英国工作（全球人才签证）", "description_zh": "获得全球人才签证认可，以数字技术专家的身份在英国工作 - 金融科技、游戏、网络安全、人工智能" }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "AI cyber security", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ai-cyber-security", "description": "A collection of policy documents and research papers support the government's work to address cyber security risks to artificial intelligence (AI).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能网络安全", "description_zh": "一系列政策文件和研究论文支持政府解决人工智能 (AI) 网络安全风险的工作。" }, { "date": "21 April 2023", "title": "DASA funding helps drive ethical artificial intelligence community safeguarding application from proof of concept to product launch", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/dasa-funding-helps-drive-ethical-artificial-intelligence-community-safeguarding-application-from-proof-of-concept-to-product-launch", "description": "Trilateral’s artificial intelligence web application helps organisations better understand and respond to crime", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DASA 资金有助于推动道德人工智能社区，保护从概念验证到产品发布的应用程序", "description_zh": "Triside 的人工智能网络应用程序可帮助组织更好地了解和应对犯罪" }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Regulators’ strategic approaches to AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/regulators-strategic-approaches-to-ai", "description": "Public updates on regulators’ strategic approaches to AI at the request of the government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管机构对人工智能的战略方针", "description_zh": "应政府要求公开更新监管机构的人工智能战略方针。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "MHRA seeks input on AI regulation at ‘pivotal moment’ for healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-seeks-input-on-ai-regulation-at-pivotal-moment-for-healthcare", "description": "National Commission is seeking evidence to shape regulation of AI in healthcare and support the UK’s ambition for a world-leading, AI-enabled NHS", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 在医疗保健的“关键时刻”寻求人工智能监管的意见", "description_zh": "国家委员会正在寻求证据来制定医疗保健领域人工智能的监管，并支持英国建立世界领先的人工智能 NHS 的雄心" }, { "date": "3 June 2024", "title": "AI and Public Standards: 2023 regulators survey and responses", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-and-public-standards-2023-regulators-survey", "description": "The Committee wrote to regulators asking them for an update on how they are adapting to the challenges posed by AI in July 2023. The responses from regulators are published here.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能和公共标准：2023 年监管机构调查和回应", "description_zh": "该委员会写信给监管机构，要求他们提供有关如何适应 2023 年 7 月人工智能带来的挑战的最新信息。监管机构的回应发布在此处。" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "How will regulators support safe AI-powered innovation: joint letter from DSIT and DBT", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/how-will-regulators-enable-safe-ai-powered-innovation-joint-letter-from-dsit-secretary-of-state-and-dbt-secretary-of-state", "description": "A joint letter requesting regulators to publish a plan on how they intend to enable safe AI-powered innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管机构将如何支持安全的人工智能驱动创新：DSIT 和 DBT 的联名信", "description_zh": "一封联合信，要求监管机构发布一项计划，说明他们打算如何实现安全的人工智能驱动的创新。" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "Impact of AI on the regulation of medical products", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/impact-of-ai-on-the-regulation-of-medical-products", "description": "Implementing the Artificial Intelligence (AI) White Paper principles.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能对医疗产品监管的影响", "description_zh": "实施人工智能 (AI) 白皮书原则。" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "AI Airlock, CERSIs and a new global AI network for health regulators", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-airlock-cersis-and-a-new-global-ai-network-for-health-regulators", "description": "Med Tech Regs blog, June 2025: A focus on Software and AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Airlock、CESI 和面向卫生监管机构的全新全球人工智能网络", "description_zh": "Med Tech Regs 博客，2025 年 6 月：关注软件和人工智能。" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "ClearBank: Safeguarding generative AI use cases in a regulated fintech banking API", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/clearbank-safeguarding-generative-ai-use-cases-in-a-regulated-fintech-banking-api", "description": "Generative AI such as Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieval augmented generation (RAG) architecture have potentially transformative use cases in the Fintech domain of banking APIs. This case study focuses on these AI use cases at ClearBank.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ClearBank：在受监管的金融科技银行 API 中保护生成式 AI 用例", "description_zh": "具有检索增强生成 (RAG) 架构的大型语言模型 (LLM) 等生成式 AI 在银行 API 的金融科技领域具有潜在的变革性用例。本案例研究重点关注 ClearBank 的这些人工智能用例。" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "EM on proposal to amend EU regulations on AI rules (COM(2025)836)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/em-on-proposal-to-amend-eu-regulations-on-ai-rules-com2025836", "description": "The Government's summary of a proposal for a regulation amending EU regulations 2024/1689 and 2018/1139 on simplification of rules on artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EM 关于修订欧盟人工智能规则的提案 (COM(2025)836)", "description_zh": "政府关于修订关于简化人工智能规则的欧盟法规 2024/1689 和 2018/1139 的法规提案的摘要。" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "UK signals step change for regulators to strengthen AI leadership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signals-step-change-for-regulators-to-strengthen-ai-leadership", "description": "The UK is on course for more agile AI regulation, as the government publishes its response to the AI Regulation White Paper consultation today.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国表示监管机构将采取步骤改变以加强人工智能的领导地位", "description_zh": "英国正在寻求更加灵活的人工智能监管，英国政府今天发布了对人工智能监管白皮书咨询的回应。" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "Implementing the UK’s AI regulatory principles: initial guidance for regulators", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/implementing-the-uks-ai-regulatory-principles-initial-guidance-for-regulators", "description": "Voluntary guidance for regulators to support them to implement the UK’s pro-innovation AI regulatory principles.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实施英国人工智能监管原则：监管机构初步指南", "description_zh": "为监管机构提供自愿指导，以支持他们实施英国支持创新的人工智能监管原则。" }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "Request for regulators to publish an update on their strategic approach to AI: Secretary of State letters", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/request-for-regulators-to-publish-an-update-on-their-strategic-approach-to-ai-secretary-of-state-letters", "description": "Letters requesting a set of regulators to update their strategic approach to AI, with the intention of increasing the transparency around how they are implementing the AI Regulation White Paper proposals.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "要求监管机构发布人工智能战略方针的最新信息：国务卿信函", "description_zh": "要求一系列监管机构更新其人工智能战略方法的信件，旨在提高其实施人工智能监管白皮书提案的透明度。" }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "New funding for regulators to cut red tape, like speeding up clinical trials through AI and trialling drones for medical emergencies", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-funding-for-regulators-to-cut-red-tape-like-speeding-up-clinical-trials-through-ai-and-trialling-drones-for-medical-emergencies", "description": "Funding announced for new round of the Regulators' Pioneer Fund.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为监管机构提供新资金以减少繁文缛节，例如通过人工智能加快临床试验以及试用无人机应对医疗紧急情况", "description_zh": "宣布新一轮监管先锋基金融资。" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "AI Compliance, Inc.: The AI Audit Bot", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/thinkbase-the-ai-audit-bot", "description": "The AI Audit Bot is an interactive tool that allows creators of new and existing AI applications to check their products against existing and proposed regulations in a range of jurisdictions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI Compliance, Inc.：AI 审计机器人", "description_zh": "AI 审计机器人是一种交互式工具，允许新的和现有的 AI 应用程序的创建者根据一系列司法管辖区的现有和拟议法规检查其产品。" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "FairNow: Regulatory Compliance Implementation and the NIST AI RMF / ISO Readiness", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/fairnow-regulatory-compliance-implementation-and-the-nist-ai-rmf-slash-iso-readiness", "description": "FairNow's platform simplifies the process of managing compliance for the NIST AI Risk Management Framework, ISO 42001, ISO 23894, and other AI laws and regulations worldwide.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FairNow：监管合规性实施和 NIST AI RMF / ISO 准备情况", "description_zh": "FairNow 的平台简化了 NIST 人工智能风险管理框架、ISO 42001、ISO 23894 以及全球其他人工智能法律法规的合规性管理流程。" }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "Response to government's AI White Paper", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/response-to-governments-ai-white-paper", "description": "The Competition and Markets Authority’s response to government’s White Paper, ‘AI regulation: a pro-innovation approach’", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回应政府人工智能白皮书", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局对政府白皮书《人工智能监管：支持创新的方法》的回应" }, { "date": "5 July 2025", "title": "Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for AI and Digital Government", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/parliamentary-under-secretary-of-state-for-ai-and-digital-government", "description": "The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for AI and Digital Government is responsible: AI Security Institute AI transparency and ethics AI regulation AI opportunities Large scale compute review Cybersecurity Digital public services Digital Centre of Government Digital identity policy   Copyright T", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "负责人工智能和数字政府的议会副国务秘书", "description_zh": "负责人工智能和数字政府的议会副国务卿负责： 人工智能安全研究所 人工智能透明度和道德 人工智能监管 人工智能机会 大规模计算审查 网络安全 数字公共服务 政府数字中心 数字身份政策 版权所有 T" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "Software and AI as a Medical Device Change Programme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/software-and-ai-as-a-medical-device-change-programme", "description": "Reforms to ensure that medical device regulation is fit for purpose for software products, including artificial intelligence (AI).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "软件和人工智能作为医疗设备变革计划", "description_zh": "进行改革，确保医疗器械监管适合软件产品，包括人工智能 (AI)。" }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "Building control practice guidance: Reversion FAQs", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/building-control-practice-guidance-reversion-faqs", "description": "Information on reversions for members of the public.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建筑控制实践指南：回归常见问题解答", "description_zh": "有关公众成员的恢复信息。" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Anekanta® AI: Facial Recognition Privacy Impact Risk Assessment System™ (for verification and remote biometric identification)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/anekanta-r-ai-facial-recognition-privacy-impact-risk-assessment-system-for-verification-and-remote-biometric-identification", "description": "Anekanta® AI’s Facial Recognition Privacy Impact Risk Assessment System™ helps organisations identify and address these risks, ensuring compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Anekanta® AI：面部识别隐私影响风险评估系统™（用于验证和远程生物特征识别）", "description_zh": "Anekanta® AI 的面部识别隐私影响风险评估系统™ 可帮助组织识别和解决这些风险，确保遵守所有适用的法律和法规。" }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "The government’s code of practice on copyright and AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-governments-code-of-practice-on-copyright-and-ai", "description": "Summary of the government's ongoing programme of work to develop a code of practice on copyright and AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府关于版权和人工智能的行为守则", "description_zh": "政府正在进行的制定版权和人工智能实践守则的工作计划摘要。" }, { "date": "22 April 2020", "title": "AI-assisted patent prior art searching – feasibility study", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-assisted-patent-prior-art-searching-feasibility-study", "description": "A Regulators’ Pioneer Fund research study to understand the feasibility, technical complexities and effectiveness of AI-assisted patent prior art searching.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能辅助专利现有技术检索——可行性研究", "description_zh": "监管机构先锋基金的一项研究旨在了解人工智能辅助专利现有技术检索的可行性、技术复杂性和有效性。" }, { "date": "7 June 2021", "title": "Digital regulation: overview of government activity", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/digital-regulation-overview-of-government-activity", "description": "This page provides a guide for those interested in key upcoming digital regulatory activity being explored, developed or implemented by government. It covers a range of governance activities, from legislative change to the development of co-regulatory and self-regulatory frameworks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字监管：政府活动概述", "description_zh": "本页面为那些对政府正在探索、开发或实施的关键即将到来的数字监管活动感兴趣的人提供指南。它涵盖了一系列治理活动，从立法变革到共同监管和自律框架的制定。" }, { "date": "15 August 2024", "title": "AI and data science: defence science and technology capability", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/ai-and-data-science-defence-science-and-technology-capability", "description": "AI is one of the fastest-moving areas of technological advancement in government defence, bringing the capability to counter threats and create opportunities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能和数据科学：国防科技能力", "description_zh": "人工智能是政府国防技术进步最快的领域之一，带来了应对威胁和创造机会的能力。" }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "MHRA showcases next phase of regulatory science to bring innovative treatments to patients sooner", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-showcases-next-phase-of-regulatory-science-to-bring-innovative-treatments-to-patients-sooner", "description": "Seven new CERSIs came together to showcase how partnerships will modernise regulation in AI, clinical trials, and advanced therapies, bringing innovations to patients sooner.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 展示下一阶段的监管科学，以更快地为患者带来创新治疗", "description_zh": "七个新的 CERSIs 齐聚一堂，展示合作伙伴关系如何实现人工智能、临床试验和先进疗法监管的现代化，从而更快地为患者带来创新。" }, { "date": "20 April 2021", "title": "Fishing vessel health and safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/fishing-vessel-health-and-safety", "description": "Owners of UK-flagged fishing vessels are responsible for basic health and safety on board their boats, safe working practices and safety equipment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "渔船健康与安全", "description_zh": "悬挂英国国旗的渔船的船东对其船上的基本健康和安全、安全工作实践和安全设备负责。" }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Dr Ed Middleton", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/dr-ed-middleton", "description": "Ed is a healthcare policy and strategy professional with experience across NHS leadership, central government, and frontline clinical care. Before joining the MHRA, Ed completed a Harkness Fellowship at Stanford University, researching AI regulation and post-deployment monitoring. Prior to that, Ed", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃德·米德尔顿博士", "description_zh": "Ed 是一位医疗保健政策和战略专业人士，在 NHS 领导、中央政府和一线临床护理方面拥有丰富的经验。在加入 MHRA 之前，Ed 在斯坦福大学完成了哈克尼斯奖学金，研究人工智能监管和部署后监控。在此之前，埃德" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "AI Safety Summit 2023", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/ai-safety-summit-2023", "description": "The AI Safety Summit 2023 is a major global event that will take place on the 1 and 2 November at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能安全峰会", "description_zh": "2023 年人工智能安全峰会是一项重大全球活动，将于 11 月 1 日至 2 日在白金汉郡布莱切利公园举行。" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "First International AI Safety Report to inform discussions at AI Action Summit", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-international-ai-safety-report-to-inform-discussions-at-ai-action-summit", "description": "First Independent International AI Safety Report to become the global handbook on AI safety, ahead of the France AI Action Summit.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第一份国际人工智能安全报告为人工智能行动峰会的讨论提供信息", "description_zh": "在法国人工智能行动峰会召开之前，第一份独立的国际人工智能安全报告将成为全球人工智能安全手册。" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Systemic AI safety fast grants", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/systemic-ai-safety-fast-grants", "description": "This programme will fund researchers who will collaborate with the UK government to advance systemic approaches to AI safety.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "系统性人工智能安全快速拨款", "description_zh": "该计划将为研究人员提供资助，他们将与英国政府合作推进人工智能安全的系统方法。" }, { "date": "27 October 2023", "title": "International survey of public opinion on AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-survey-of-public-opinion-on-ai-safety", "description": "A new survey of public opinion in nine countries shows widespread support for AI safety testing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际人工智能安全舆情调查", "description_zh": "一项针对九个国家的最新民意调查显示，人们普遍支持人工智能安全测试。" }, { "date": "26 February 2024", "title": "UK-Canada AI safety researcher exchange programme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-ai-safety-researcher-exchange-programme", "description": "Competition for AI safety researchers in the UK or Canada to receive funding for logistical costs for a temporary exchange in the other country.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国-加拿大人工智能安全研究员交流计划", "description_zh": "英国或加拿大的人工智能安全研究人员争夺在另一个国家进行临时交流的后勤费用资金的竞争。" }, { "date": "29 June 2025", "title": "World-first AI system to warn of NHS patient safety concerns", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-first-ai-system-to-warn-of-nhs-patient-safety-concerns", "description": "Pioneering AI technology will be developed to scan NHS systems to flag safety issues in real time and trigger crucial inspections earlier.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界首个人工智能系统警告 NHS 患者安全问题", "description_zh": "将开发开创性的人工智能技术来扫描 NHS 系统，实时标记安全问题并尽早触发关键检查。" }, { "date": "31 October 2023", "title": "AI Safety Summit: introduction", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-introduction", "description": "Introduction to the AI Safety Summit 2023 that will take place on the 1 and 2 November at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全峰会：简介", "description_zh": "2023 年人工智能安全峰会简介，该峰会将于 11 月 1 日至 2 日在白金汉郡布莱切利公园举行。" }, { "date": "26 October 2023", "title": "Emerging processes for frontier AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/emerging-processes-for-frontier-ai-safety", "description": "Overview of emerging frontier AI safety processes and associated practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "前沿人工智能安全的新兴流程", "description_zh": "新兴前沿人工智能安全流程和相关实践概述。" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "World leaders, top AI companies set out plan for safety testing of frontier as first global AI Safety Summit concludes", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/world-leaders-top-ai-companies-set-out-plan-for-safety-testing-of-frontier-as-first-global-ai-safety-summit-concludes", "description": "A new global hub based in the UK and tasked with testing the safety of emerging types of AI has been backed by leading AI companies and nations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "首届全球人工智能安全峰会闭幕，世界领导人、顶尖人工智能公司制定前沿安全测试计划", "description_zh": "一个位于英国的新全球中心，负责测试新兴人工智能类型的安全性，得到了领先人工智能公司和国家的支持。" }, { "date": "27 October 2023", "title": "Leading frontier AI companies publish safety policies", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/leading-frontier-ai-companies-publish-safety-policies", "description": "Top frontier AI firms have outlined their safety policies to boost transparency and encourage the sharing of best practice within the AI community.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "前沿人工智能领先企业发布安全政策", "description_zh": "顶尖的前沿人工智能公司概述了他们的安全政策，以提高透明度并鼓励在人工智能社区内分享最佳实践。" }, { "date": "4 February 2024", "title": "Collaboration on the safety of AI: UK-US memorandum of understanding", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/collaboration-on-the-safety-of-ai-uk-us-memorandum-of-understanding", "description": "Details of the Memorandum of Understanding agreed by the governments of the UK and United States on safety of artificial intelligence (AI).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全方面的合作：英美谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "英国和美国政府就人工智能 (AI) 安全达成的谅解备忘录的详细信息。" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "AI Safety Summit 2023: Chair’s statement, 2 November", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-chairs-statement-2-november", "description": "The Chair’s summary of the discussions which took place at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能安全峰会：主席声明，11 月 2 日", "description_zh": "主席对布莱切利公园人工智能安全峰会讨论的总结。" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Crowd watch: DASA funded AI and LiDAR innovation helps enhance crowd safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/crowd-watch-dasa-funded-ai-and-lidar-innovation-helps-enhance-crowd-safety", "description": "A lesson in exceeding the original concept: The journey of Createc's LiDAR autonomous crowd monitoring solution, purchased by Network Rail", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人群观看：DASA 资助的人工智能和激光雷达创新有助于增强人群安全", "description_zh": "超越最初概念的教训：Network Rail 购买的 Createc LiDAR 自主人群监控解决方案的历程" }, { "date": "11 February 2023", "title": "Prime Minister's speech at the AI Safety Summit: 2 November 2023", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-speech-at-the-ai-safety-summit-2-november-2023", "description": "Prime Minister's speech at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park on 2 November 2023.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总理在人工智能安全峰会上的讲话：2023 年 11 月 2 日", "description_zh": "总理于 2023 年 11 月 2 日在布莱切利公园举行的人工智能安全峰会上发表讲话。" }, { "date": "19 May 2024", "title": "Government's trailblazing Institute for AI Safety to open doors in San Francisco", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/governments-trailblazing-institute-for-ai-safety-to-open-doors-in-san-francisco", "description": "Technology Secretary Michelle Donelan announces first AI Safety Institute overseas office in San Francisco.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府开创性的人工智能安全研究所将在旧金山开业", "description_zh": "技术部长米歇尔·多尼兰 (Michelle Donelan) 宣布在旧金山设立第一个人工智能安全研究所海外办事处。" }, { "date": "11 January 2023", "title": "Secretary of State Michelle Donelan opens the AI Safety Summit", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/secretary-of-state-michelle-donelan-opens-the-ai-safety-summit", "description": "Speech delivered by Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Technology, Michelle Donelan at the opening of the AI Safety Summit, on Wednesday 1 November.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务卿米歇尔·多尼兰 (Michelle Donelan) 宣布人工智能安全峰会开幕", "description_zh": "科学、创新和技术大臣米歇尔·多尼兰 (Michelle Donelan) 在 11 月 1 日星期三人工智能安全峰会开幕式上发表讲话。" }, { "date": "14 October 2023", "title": "AI projects supporting small businesses in fashion, farming and fire-fighting to get funding boost ahead of UK AI Safety Summit", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-projects-supporting-small-businesses-in-fashion-farming-and-fire-fighting-to-get-funding-boost-ahead-of-uk-ai-safety-summit", "description": "AI projects in areas as diverse as fashion, farming and fire-fighting to be backed with a further £37 million funding, ahead of next month's AI Safety Summit.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "支持时尚、农业和消防领域小型企业的人工智能项目将在英国人工智能安全峰会之前获得资金支持", "description_zh": "在下个月的人工智能安全峰会之前，时尚、农业和消防等多个领域的人工智能项目将获得 3700 万英镑的额外资金支持。" }, { "date": "22 March 2022", "title": "MGN 324 (M+F) Amendment 2 navigation: watchkeeping safety – use of Very High Frequency (VHF) radio and Automatic Identification System (AIS)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mgn-324-mf-amendment-2-navigation-watchkeeping-safety-use-of-very-high-frequency-vhf-radio-and-automatic-identification-system-ais", "description": "This guidance note highlights appropriate use of the AIS and VHF marine radio for collision avoidance. It also includes key points from IMO circular regarding use of AIS aids to navigation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MGN 324 (M+F) 修正案 2 导航：值班安全 – 使用甚高频 (VHF) 无线电和自动识别系统 (AIS)", "description_zh": "本指导说明强调了适当使用 AIS 和 VHF 海洋无线电来避免碰撞。它还包括 IMO 通告中有关使用 AIS 助航设备的要点。" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Safety of advanced AI under the spotlight in first ever independent, international scientific report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/safety-of-advanced-ai-under-the-spotlight-in-first-ever-independent-international-scientific-report", "description": "The first iteration of the International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI has been published today.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "首份独立国际科学报告聚焦先进人工智能的安全性", "description_zh": "《先进人工智能安全性国际科学报告》第一版已于今天发布。" }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "Breaking AI to Make it Better: DASA's investment in the future of AI assurance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/breaking-ai-to-make-it-better-dasas-investment-in-the-future-of-ai-assurance", "description": "Advai, an AI focussed SME, is leading the way in military and commercial AI safety.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "打破人工智能，使其变得更好：DASA 对人工智能保障未来的投资", "description_zh": "Advai 是一家专注于人工智能的中小企业，在军事和商业人工智能安全领域处于领先地位。" }, { "date": "8 October 2023", "title": "Experts to lead AI Safety Summit preparations as new funding announced to modernise healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/experts-to-lead-ai-safety-summit-preparations-as-new-funding-announced-to-modernise-healthcare", "description": "Two leading experts appointed to spearhead preparations for UK to host AI Safety Summit as £13 million unveiled to revolutionise healthcare research.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "随着新资金的宣布以实现医疗保健现代化，专家将领导人工智能安全峰会的筹备工作", "description_zh": "两位顶尖专家被任命带头筹备英国主办人工智能安全峰会，耗资 1300 万英镑，彻底改变医疗保健研究。" }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "Using AI in education settings: support materials", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/using-ai-in-education-settings-support-materials", "description": "Support materials to help schools and colleges use AI (artificial intelligence) safely and effectively.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在教育环境中使用人工智能：支持材料", "description_zh": "支持材料，帮助学校和学院安全有效地使用 AI（人工智能）。" }, { "date": "20 October 2017", "title": "Check the MOT history of a vehicle", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/check-mot-history", "description": "Check the MOT history of a vehicle from 2005 onwards, including if it passed or failed, its mileage and why it failed, download MOT test certificate", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "检查车辆的 MOT 历史记录", "description_zh": "查看车辆从2005年起的MOT历史记录，包括通过或失败、行驶里程以及失败原因，下载MOT测试证书" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Education Secretary speech at UK AI for Education Summit", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/education-secretary-speech-at-global-ai-safety-summit", "description": "In her speech, the Education Secretary, announced stronger safety measures to be introduced around AI in education.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "教育大臣在英国人工智能教育峰会上的演讲", "description_zh": "教育部长在讲话中宣布，将在教育领域的人工智能方面采取更强有力的安全措施。" }, { "title": "Minister Narayan AI speech at Founders Forum", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/minister-narayan-ai-speech-at-founders-forum", "description": "Kanishka Narayan, Minister for AI and Online Safety, spoke at Founders Forum on 10 February 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纳拉扬人工智能部长在创始人论坛上的演讲", "description_zh": "人工智能和在线安全部长卡尼什卡·纳拉扬 (Kanishka Narayan) 于 2026 年 2 月 10 日在创始人论坛上发表讲话。" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "FairNow: AI Governance Platform & AI Governance Program Implementation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/fairnow-ai-governance-platform-and-ai-governance-program-implementation", "description": "FairNow's AI governance platform serves as a single source of truth for managing AI governance, risk, and compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FairNow：人工智能治理平台和人工智能治理计划实施", "description_zh": "FairNow 的人工智能治理平台是管理人工智能治理、风险和合规性的单一事实来源。" }, { "date": "6 June 2023", "title": "Fairly AI: FAIRLY End-to-End AI Governance Platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/fairly-ai-fairly-end-to-end-ai-governance-platform", "description": "Case study from Fairly AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fairly AI：FAIRLY端到端人工智能治理平台", "description_zh": "Fairly AI 的案例研究。" }, { "date": "19 September 2023", "title": "EY: Global Responsible AI Framework - Conducting an AI Governance Review for a global biopharmaceutical company", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/ey-global-responsible-ai-framework-conducting-an-ai-governance-review-for-a-global-biopharmaceutical-company", "description": "Case study from EY.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安永：全球负责任的人工智能框架 - 为一家全球生物制药公司进行人工智能治理审查", "description_zh": "安永的案例研究。" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Linear Infrastructure Planning Panel: A Collaborative approach to AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/linear-infrastructure-planning-panel-a-collaborative-approach-to-ai-governance", "description": "The Linear Infrastructure Planning Panel was established in March 2023 to develop good practice in the use of new technologies like AI in the planning of the major infrastructure critical for the delivery of national goals such as net zero, resilience and nature recovery.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "线性基础设施规划小组：人工智能治理的协作方法", "description_zh": "线性基础设施规划小组成立于 2023 年 3 月，旨在开发使用人工智能等新技术的良好实践，规划对实现净零排放、复原力和自然恢复等国家目标至关重要的主要基础设施。" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Credo AI Governance Platform: Reinsurance Provider Algorithmic Bias Assessment and Reporting", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/credo-ai-governance-platform-reinsurance-provider-algorithmic-bias-assessment-and-reporting", "description": "A global provider of reinsurance used Credo AI’s platform to produce standardised algorithmic bias reports to meet new regulatory requirements and customer requests.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Credo AI 治理平台：再保险提供商算法偏差评估和报告", "description_zh": "一家全球再保险提供商使用 Credo AI 的平台生成标准化算法偏差报告，以满足新的监管要求和客户要求。" }, { "date": "12 December 2023", "title": "Advai: Streamlining AI Governance with Advai Insight for Enhanced Robustness, Risk Management and Compliance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/advai-streamlining-ai-governance-with-advai-insight-for-enhanced-robustness-risk-management-and-compliance", "description": "Case study from Advai.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Advai：利用 Advai Insight 简化人工智能治理，增强稳健性、风险管理和合规性", "description_zh": "Advai 的案例研究。" }, { "date": "23 June 2020", "title": "AI Barometer 2020", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cdei-ai-barometer", "description": "The CDEI has published its AI Barometer, a major analysis of the most pressing opportunities, risks, and governance challenges associated with AI and data use in the UK, initially across five sectors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年人工智能晴雨表", "description_zh": "CDEI 发布了人工智能晴雨表，对英国人工智能和数据使用相关的最紧迫的机遇、风险和治理挑战进行了主要分析，最初涉及五个领域。" }, { "date": "19 August 2024", "title": "Robecca: AI ethics in action", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/robecca-ai-ethics-in-action", "description": "She helps shape the defence and security landscape with her work on the ethics, law and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Robecca：人工智能伦理实践", "description_zh": "她通过在人工智能 (AI) 能力的道德、法律和治理方面的工作，帮助塑造国防和安全格局。" }, { "date": "30 January 2025", "title": "Find data ethics guidance, standards and frameworks", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/find-data-ethics-guidance-standards-and-frameworks", "description": "Find guidance for the responsible use and development of data and data technologies developed by and for government and public sector bodies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "查找数据道德指南、标准和框架", "description_zh": "寻找负责任地使用和开发由政府和公共部门机构开发的数据和数据技术的指南。" }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "The AQuA Book", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-aqua-book", "description": "The AQuA Book is Government guidance about how to produce robust, fit for purpose analysis. It's for all analysts, analytical managers and commissioners.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "水之书", "description_zh": "AQuA 书是关于如何进行稳健、适合目的分析的政府指南。它适用于所有分析师、分析经理和专员。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Cyber security guidance for business", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/cyber-security-guidance-for-business", "description": "Guidance to help businesses and organisations improve online security and protect against cyber threats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "企业网络安全指南", "description_zh": "帮助企业和组织提高在线安全并防范网络威胁的指南。" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Ofsted schools research", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ofsted-schools-research", "description": "Ofsted carries out research alongside its main inspection programme to look at specific issues, subjects or policies in more detail.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国教育标准局学校研究", "description_zh": "Ofsted 在其主要检查计划的同时开展研究，以更详细地研究具体问题、主题或政策。" }, { "date": "21 December 2022", "title": "Land Use Programme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/land-use-programme", "description": "Information about the Land Use Dialogues engagement programme which explores the UK's most pressing land use challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "土地利用计划", "description_zh": "有关土地利用对话参与计划的信息，该计划探讨了英国最紧迫的土地利用挑战。" }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Integrate and adapt technology", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/integrate-and-adapt-technology", "description": "Your technology should adapt to future demands and work with existing technologies, processes and infrastructure in your organisation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "整合和调整技术", "description_zh": "您的技术应该适应未来的需求，并与组织中的现有技术、流程和基础设施配合使用。" }, { "date": "14 May 2024", "title": "IPCC Seventh Assessment Report: call for drafting experts", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ipcc-seventh-assessment-report-call-for-drafting-experts", "description": "We invite expressions of interest from UK experts to draft the outline for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) seventh Assessment Report.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IPCC第七次评估报告：征集起草专家", "description_zh": "我们邀请英国专家表示有兴趣起草政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）第七次评估报告的大纲。" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Henry De Zoete", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/henry-de-zoete", "description": "Henry de Zoete is a tech entrepreneur and angel investor. In 2014, he co-founded The Big Deal which did collective bargaining for consumers. In 2018, he established and was CEO of Look After My Bills, an auto-switching service which saved families money on their gas and electricity. After raising gl", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亨利·德·佐伊特", "description_zh": "Henry de Zoete 是一位科技企业家和天使投资人。 2014年，他与他人共同创立了The Big Deal，为消费者进行集体谈判。 2018 年，他创立了 Look After My Bills 并担任首席执行官，这是一项自动转换服务，可为家庭节省燃气和电费。提高gl后" }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "DHSC statistics: data management and confidentiality statement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/dhsc-statistics-data-management-and-confidentiality-statement", "description": "This statement explains how DHSC manages the data used in producing our statistical outputs, and how we ensure the confidentiality of individuals and other data providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DHSC 统计：数据管理和保密声明", "description_zh": "本声明解释了 DHSC 如何管理用于生成统计输出的数据，以及我们如何确保个人和其他数据提供者的机密性。" }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "How to do business with Sellafield Ltd", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-do-business-with-sellafield-ltd", "description": "How to find and apply for opportunities at Sellafield.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "如何与 Sellafield Ltd 开展业务", "description_zh": "如何在塞拉菲尔德寻找和申请机会。" }, { "date": "2 March 2025", "title": "Amanda Arrowsmith", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/amanda-arrowsmith", "description": "Amanda Arrowsmith has been a Non-Executive Director of the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) Board since February 2025. Amanda has a wealth of experience in senior leadership roles within the public and private sectors, with a particular focus on People Strategy, Organisation Development, and Bus", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿曼达·阿罗史密斯", "description_zh": "阿曼达·阿罗史密斯 (Amanda Arrowsmith) 自 2025 年 2 月起担任信息披露和禁止服务 (DBS) 董事会非执行董事。阿曼达在公共和私营部门担任高级领导职务方面拥有丰富的经验，特别关注人员战略、组织发展和巴士" }, { "title": "Kemi Oguntoye", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/kemi-oguntoye", "description": "Kemi Oguntoye is a residential estate management professional with experience across building safety legislation, service charges, tenant-related issues, and housing operations. She is a qualified practitioner and a member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). Her recent profession", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "凯米·奥贡托耶", "description_zh": "Kemi Oguntoye 是一名住宅物业管理专业人士，在建筑安全立法、服务收费、租户相关问题和住房运营方面拥有丰富的经验。她是一名合格的从业者，也是英国皇家特许测量师协会 (RICS) 的会员。她最近的职业" }, { "title": "Gaon Hart", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/people/gaon-hart", "description": "Gaon Hart was appointed as the Immigration Services Commissioner for the Immigration Advice Authority (IAA) on 12 December 2025. Gaon brings extensive experience across regulatory assurance, enforcement, anti‑human trafficking, anti‑corruption, fraud prevention, and legal ethics. He most recently se", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加恩·哈特", "description_zh": "Gaon Hart 于 2025 年 12 月 12 日被任命为移民咨询局 (IAA) 的移民服务专员。Gaon 在监管保证、执法、反人口贩运、反腐败、预防欺诈和法律道德方面拥有丰富的经验。他最近发现" }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "Government technology standards and guidance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/government-technology-standards-and-guidance", "description": "This is collated guidance from government websites and independent bodies to help you follow the technology code of practice.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府技术标准和指导", "description_zh": "这是政府网站和独立机构整理的指南，可帮助您遵循技术实践守则。" }, { "date": "30 December 2021", "title": "G7 Health Track: digital health final reports", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/g7-health-track-digital-health-final-reports", "description": "Reports from the G7 working groups on AI governance and interoperability setting out how the G7 are implementing their commitments on digital health.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G7 Health Track：数字健康最终报告", "description_zh": "七国集团人工智能治理和互操作性工作组的报告阐述了七国集团如何履行其对数字健康的承诺。" }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Turing Scheme: apply for funding for international placements", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/turing-scheme-apply-for-funding-for-international-placements", "description": "Information on applying for funding for international study and work placements for schools, further education providers and higher education providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "图灵计划：申请国际安置资金", "description_zh": "有关为学校、继续教育机构和高等教育机构申请国际学习和工作实习资金的信息。" }, { "date": "12 December 2023", "title": "Enzai: AI Model Inventory", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/enzai-ai-model-inventory", "description": "Case study from Enzai.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Enzai：AI模型盘点", "description_zh": "恩西的案例研究。" }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "Regulator of Social Housing privacy notice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulator-of-social-housing-privacy-notice", "description": "Explains your rights over your data and how the regulator processes and protects your personal information in line with data protection legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "社会住房隐私声明监管机构", "description_zh": "解释您对数据的权利以及监管机构如何根据数据保护立法处理和保护您的个人信息。" }, { "date": "12 December 2023", "title": "Enzai: Compliance Assessment Tool", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/ai-assurance-techniques/enzai-compliance-assessment-tool", "description": "Case study from Enzai.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Enzai：合规性评估工具", "description_zh": "恩西的案例研究。" }, { "date": "18 June 2025", "title": "Assessing and enabling AI readiness in the Department for Transport", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/assessing-and-enabling-ai-readiness-in-the-department-for-transport", "description": "A behavioural science and systems thinking approach to assess and enable AI readiness in the Department for Transport.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "评估和支持交通运输部的人工智能准备情况", "description_zh": "采用行为科学和系统思维方法来评估和支持交通运输部的人工智能准备情况。" }, { "title": "All New Legislation", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/new/all/2026-02-13", "description": "These Regulations make provision for the fees payable from 1 April 2026 to the Public Guardian.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "所有新立法", "description_zh": "这些条例规定了自 2026 年 4 月 1 日起应向公共监护人支付的费用。" }, { "title": "Safety digest 02/2026: Cambridge Junction - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/safety-digest-022026-cambridge-junction", "description": "RAIB has today released its safety digest into an overspeed at Cambridge Junction, Hertfordshire, 11 December 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安全文摘 02/2026：剑桥交界处 - GOV.UK", "description_zh": "RAIB 今天发布了 2025 年 12 月 11 日赫特福德郡剑桥交界处超速事故的安全摘要。" }, { "title": "Amendments made 1 April 2026 to close eOLF - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/filing-patent-applications-by-electronic-means--2/amendments-made-1-april-2026-to-close-eolf", "description": "We use some essential cookies to make this website work · We’d like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 年 4 月 1 日作出修订以关闭 eOLF - GOV.UK", "description_zh": "我们使用一些必要的 cookie 来使本网站正常运行 · 我们希望设置额外的 cookie 来了解您如何使用 GOV.UK、记住您的设置并改善政府服务" }, { "title": "Minister Blair McDougall - Letter to businesses on upcoming late payment reforms - 24 March 2026 - GOV.UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/minister-blair-mcdougall-letter-to-businesses-on-upcoming-late-payment-reforms-24-march-2026", "description": "Letter from the Minister for Small Business and Economic Transformation to businesses, giving notification of changes to Government policy on late payments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布莱尔·麦克杜格尔部长 - 关于即将到来的逾期付款改革致企业的信 - 2026 年 3 月 24 日 - GOV.UK", "description_zh": "小企业和经济转型部长致企业的信函，通知政府关于逾期付款的政策发生变化。" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "UK - Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-and-impact-assessment-on-co", "description": "The UK government published the Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence (March 2026) analyzing how copyright affects the training and use of AI systems under the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025. The government backed away from introducing an opt-out mechanism for AI training on copyrighted works.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "AI Training Data", "Data Act", "Opt-Out" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 - 版权与人工智能报告", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了《版权与人工智能报告》（2026 年 3 月），分析了版权如何根据《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法案》影响人工智能系统的培训和使用。英国政府放弃了对受版权保护的作品引入人工智能培训的选择退出机制。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "UK Government Backs Away from AI Copyright Opt-Out", "url": "https://www.hoganlovells.com/en/publications/ai-and-copyright-uk-government-b", "description": "The UK government abandoned an opt-out model for using copyrighted works to train AI after consulting with creatives, AI firms, unions, academics, and industry bodies. The government will maintain the current legal framework for now.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "Opt-Out", "Creative Industries" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府放弃人工智能版权选择退出", "description_zh": "在与创意人员、人工智能公司、工会、学术界和行业机构协商后，英国政府放弃了使用受版权保护的作品来训练人工智能的选择退出模式。政府目前将维持现行的法律框架。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "UK Copyright and AI Report - Opt-Out Dead", "url": "https://www.reedsmith.com/articles/uk-copyright-and-ai-report-the-opt-out-is-", "description": "The UK government's statutory copyright and AI report (March 18, 2026 deadline) concluded that the opt-out approach is not being pursued, with government opting for a cautious, long-game approach rather than immediate reform.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "AI Training", "Government Report" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国版权和人工智能报告 - 选择退出已失效", "description_zh": "英国政府的法定版权和人工智能报告（截止日期为 2026 年 3 月 18 日）得出的结论是，并未采取选择退出的方法，政府选择了谨慎、长期的方法，而不是立即进行改革。" }, { "date": "20 April 2025", "title": "UK Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 - AI Copyright Provisions", "url": "https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/analysis/ai-and-copyright-post-data-bil", "description": "The UK Data (Use and Access) Act (2025) acts as a stepping stone toward broader copyright reform. AI copyright clauses were dropped from the bill in favor of government reports evaluating how AI uses copyrighted works.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "Data Act", "AI Training" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国数据（使用和访问）法案 2025 - AI 版权条款", "description_zh": "英国数据（使用和访问）法案 (2025) 是迈向更广泛的版权改革的垫脚石。该法案中删除了人工智能版权条款，转而支持政府报告评估人工智能如何使用受版权保护的作品。" }, { "title": "UK AI Bill Status - No Dedicated AI Bill in 2025-2026", "url": "https://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/regulatory-outlook-january-2026-artifi", "description": "No dedicated UK AI bill materialized in 2025 or early 2026. UK focus remains on innovation via existing frameworks and sector-specific guidance. The government's approach relies on existing laws and the Data Act, without an overarching AI-specific regulatory regime.", "categories": [ "AI Bill", "Policy", "Innovation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国人工智能法案现状 - 2025-2026 年没有专门的人工智能法案", "description_zh": "英国没有专门的人工智能法案在 2025 年或 2026 年初实现。英国的重点仍然是通过现有框架和特定行业指南进行创新。政府的方法依赖于现有法律和《数据法》，没有针对人工智能的总体监管制度。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "UK Courts - AI Hallucinations in Legal Filings", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-hallucinations-in-court-cases-38uk/", "description": "UK courts are confronting AI hallucinations in legal filings, with multiple 2025-2026 cases illustrating how courts and practitioners are grappling with AI-generated legal authorities and the risk of sanctions.", "categories": [ "Court Case", "AI Hallucination", "Legal Ethics" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国法院 - 法律文件中的人工智能幻觉", "description_zh": "英国法院正在法律文件中面对人工智能的幻觉，2025-2026 年的多个案例说明了法院和从业者如何应对人工智能生成的法律权威和制裁风险。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "House of Lords - AI and Creative Industries Report", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld5901/ldselect/ldcomm/267/267.pdf", "description": "The House of Lords Communications and Digital Committee examined AI, copyright, and the creative industries, analyzing how AI interacts with current UK copyright law and the potential impact on creative sectors.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "Creative Industries", "House of Lords" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "上议院 - 人工智能和创意产业报告", "description_zh": "上议院通信和数字委员会审查了人工智能、版权和创意产业，分析了人工智能如何与英国现行版权法相互作用以及对创意产业的潜在影响。" }, { "title": "Central AI Risk Function (CAIRF)", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64cb71a547915a00142a91c4/a-pro-innovation-approach-to-ai-regulation-amended-web-ready.pdf", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Central AI Risk Function (CAIRF) is a UK government central coordination function established within the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) to identify, measure and monitor AI-related risks across government, industry and academia and to maintain an AI Risk Register. It supports regulator coordination, horizon-scanning for advanced and frontier AI risks, and feeds technical evidence (including from the AI Safety Institute) into policy design and implementation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中央人工智能风险职能（CAIRF）", "description_zh": "英国人工智能法：中央人工智能风险职能（CAIRF）是英国政府在科学、创新和技术部（DSIT）内设立的中央协调职能，旨在识别、衡量和监控政府、行业和学术界与人工智能相关的风险，并维护人工智能风险登记册。它支持监管机构协调、对先进和前沿人工智能风险的视野扫描，并将技术证据（包括来自人工智能安全研究所的）提供给政策设计和实施......" }, { "title": "Crime and Policing Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3754", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: UK legislation criminalizing AI-generated child abuse material and expanding police powers for digital device inspections.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犯罪和警务法案", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国立法将人工智能生成的虐待儿童材料定为犯罪，并扩大警察对数字设备检查的权力。" }, { "title": "Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/data-use-and-access-act", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The UK's 2026 AI Copyright Report signals a strategic pause on new legislation, prioritizing evidence and international monitoring over a broad TDM exception....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "版权与人工智能报告", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国的 2026 年人工智能版权报告标志着新立法的战略暂停，优先考虑证据和国际监控，而不是广泛的 TDM 例外......" }, { "title": "AI Energy Council - Grid Reform and AI Growth Zones Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/ai-energy-council", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: A UK government policy package that coordinates the AI Energy Council and the AI Growth Zones programme to reform grid access, enable large-scale AI data centre deployment, and align energy, planning and skills interventions. The initiative combines strategic planning support, energy-system reforms and local benefits measures to accelerate AI infrastructure while promoting sustainability and local economic gains....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI 能源委员会 - 电网改革和 AI 增长区倡议", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国政府的一揽子政策，旨在协调人工智能能源委员会和人工智能增长区计划，以改革电网接入，实现大规模人工智能数据中心部署，并协调能源、规划和技能干预措施。该倡议将战略规划支持、能源体系改革和地方效益措施结合起来，以加速人工智能基础设施建设，同时促进可持续性和地方经济收益……" }, { "title": "AI Opportunities Action Plan (Matt Clifford) and Government acceptance/response", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan/ai-opportunities-action-plan", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The AI Opportunities Action Plan, authored by Matt Clifford and published 13 January 2025, sets out 50 recommendations to accelerate UK AI investment, infrastructure, skills and public-sector adoption. The Government publicly accepted and committed to implement the recommendations on the same day, announcing new institutional arrangements, compute investments, a National Data Library and AI Growth Zones while promising a proportionate regulatory approach grounded in safety testing and future legislation where needed....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能机会行动计划（Matt Clifford）和政府接受/回应", "description_zh": "英国人工智能法：人工智能机会行动计划由 Matt Clifford 撰写并于 2025 年 1 月 13 日发布，提出了 50 条建议，以加速英国人工智能投资、基础设施、技能和公共部门的采用。政府在同一天公开接受并承诺实施这些建议，宣布新的制度安排、计算投资、国家数据库和人工智能增长区，同时承诺在需要时采取基于安全测试和未来立法的相称监管方法……" }, { "title": "MHRA guidance: Software and AI as a Medical Device (updated guidance)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/software-and-artificial-intelligence-ai-as-a-medical-device", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The MHRA guidance on Software and AI as a Medical Device (originally published April 6, 2023 and updated in October 2023) clarifies how software—including machine learning and AI—will be regulated when it meets the definition of a medical device in the UK. It emphasises a risk-based approach, lifecycle (pre- and post-market) oversight, transparency and traceability (including Predetermined Change Control Plans), and coordination with international regulators....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 指南：软件和人工智能作为医疗设备（更新指南）", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：MHRA 关于软件和人工智能作为医疗设备的指南（最初于 2023 年 4 月 6 日发布，于 2023 年 10 月更新）阐明了软件（包括机器学习和人工智能）在符合英国医疗设备定义时将如何受到监管。它强调基于风险的方法、生命周期（上市前和上市后）监督、透明度和可追溯性（包括预定变更控制计划）以及与国际监管机构的协调......" }, { "title": "National AI Strategy - AI Action Plan", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-ai-strategy-ai-action-plan/national-ai-strategy-ai-action-plan", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The AI Action Plan (published 18 July 2022) sets out how UK government departments are delivering the ten-year National AI Strategy (Sept 2021). It summarises cross‑government activity, priorities under the Strategy's three pillars (investment, diffusion across the economy, and governance), and a forward-looking programme of work to support innovation while protecting rights and safety....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略-人工智能行动计划", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：人工智能行动计划（2022 年 7 月 18 日发布）规定了英国政府部门如何实施十年国家人工智能战略（2021 年 9 月）。它总结了跨政府活动、该战略三大支柱（投资、整个经济的扩散和治理）下的优先事项，以及支持创新同时保护权利和安全的前瞻性工作计划......" }, { "title": "Data (Use and Access) Act 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2025/18/contents/enacted", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 (DUAA) is a wide-ranging UK Act that amends the UK GDPR, Data Protection Act 2018 and PECR to enable safer data sharing, encourage innovation (including digital verification services and smart data schemes), and streamline law enforcement and national security data processing while retaining protections for individuals. It introduces a new lawful basis ('recognised legitimate interests'), clarifies automated decision-making rules and subject access procedures, and phases commencement of provisions over months following Royal Assent....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年数据（使用和访问）法", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：2025 年数据（使用和访问）法案 (DUAA) 是一项内容广泛的英国法案，修订了英国 GDPR、2018 年数据保护法案和 PECR，以实现更安全的数据共享、鼓励创新（包括数字验证服务和智能数据计划）、简化执法和国家安全数据处理，同时保留对个人的保护。它引入了新的法律基础（“公认的合法利益”），澄清了自动决策规则和主题访问程序，并在御准后的几个月内分阶段开始实施条款......" }, { "title": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) - Application to Northern Ireland under the Windsor Framework", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2025:118:FIN", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The EU AI Act is proposed to apply in Northern Ireland under the Windsor Framework, creating a stricter AI regulatory landscape compared to the rest of the UK....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "欧洲议会和理事会 2024 年 6 月 13 日颁布的第 (EU) 2024/1689 号法规制定了人工智能的统一规则（《人工智能法》）——在温莎框架下适用于北爱尔兰", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：欧盟人工智能法案拟在温莎框架下适用于北爱尔兰，与英国其他地区相比，创建更严格的人工智能监管环境……" }, { "title": "Information Commissioner's Office - Strategic approach to AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/request-for-regulators-to-publish-an-update-on-their-strategic-approach-to-ai-secretary-of-state-letters/letter-from-dsit-secretary-of-state-to-the-information-commissioners-office-html", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) published "Regulating AI: the ICO’s strategic approach" in late April/early May 2024, setting out how UK data protection law, existing ICO guidance and regulatory tools will be applied to AI. The strategy emphasises a risk-based, sectoral approach, prioritising biometric technologies, children’s privacy and generative AI, and sets out guidance, consultation plans, sandbox support and enforcement tools for AI-related data protection risks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室 - 人工智能战略方法", "description_zh": "英国人工智能法：信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了《监管人工智能：ICO 的战略方法》 2024 年 4 月下旬/5 月上旬，阐述英国数据保护法、现有 ICO 指南和监管工具将如何应用于人工智能。该战略强调基于风险的部门方法，优先考虑生物识别技术、儿童隐私和生成人工智能，并为人工智能相关数据保护风险制定了指导、咨询计划、沙盒支持和执行工具……" }, { "title": "Government response to the AI regulation white paper (AI regulation: government response)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach-policy-proposals/outcome/a-pro-innovation-approach-to-ai-regulation-government-response", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The UK Government published its formal response to the 2023 AI regulation white paper on 6 February 2024, endorsing a principles-based, context-specific regulatory approach implemented by existing sectoral regulators and supported by new central functions including an AI risk monitoring function and the AI Safety Institute. The response commits funding and capability measures for regulators, signals future targeted binding measures for highly capable general-purpose AI, and requests regulators to publish strategic AI approaches by 30 April 2024. (gov.uk)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府对人工智能监管白皮书的回应（人工智能监管：政府回应）", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国政府于 2024 年 2 月 6 日发布了对 2023 年人工智能监管白皮书的正式回应，认可由现有部门监管机构实施的基于原则、针对具体情况的监管方法，并得到包括人工智能风险监控职能和人工智能安全研究所在内的新中央职能的支持。该回应承诺为监管机构提供资金和能力措施，标志着未来针对高性能通用人工智能的有针对性的约束措施，并要求监管机构在 2024 年 4 月 30 日之前发布战略人工智能方法。 (gov.uk)..." }, { "title": "Data Protection and Digital Information Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3322", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Data Protection and Digital Information Bill (DPDI) was a UK government bill introduced as part of post-Brexit data reform proposals to amend the Data Protection Act 2018 and the UK GDPR, introduce a regulatory framework for digital verification services, enable smart data sharing and update privacy and electronic communications rules such as nuisance-call penalties and cookie consent mechanics. The bill progressed through both Houses but did not become law after parliamentary business in 2024 was cut short by prorogation and the dissolution ahead of the 2024 general election. (gov.uk)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护和数字信息法案", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：《数据保护和数字信息法案》(DPDI) 是一项英国政府法案，是英国脱欧后数据改革提案的一部分，旨在修订《2018 年数据保护法》和英国 GDPR，引入数字验证服务监管框架，实现智能数据共享并更新隐私和电子通信规则，例如骚扰电话处罚和 cookie 同意机制。该法案已在参众两院获得通过，但由于 2024 年议会事务因 2024 年大选前休会和解散而中断，因此并未成为法律。 （英国政府）..." }, { "title": "Defence Artificial Intelligence Strategy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/defence-artificial-intelligence-strategy", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) Defence Artificial Intelligence Strategy (published 15 June 2022) sets a whole-of-Defence approach to accelerate adoption of AI while ensuring safety, legality and ethical use. It establishes objectives to make Defence 'AI ready', to adopt AI at scale, to strengthen the UK defence AI ecosystem, and to shape international norms....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国防人工智能战略", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国国防部 (MOD) 国防人工智能战略（2022 年 6 月 15 日发布）制定了一套整体国防方法，以加速人工智能的采用，同时确保安全、合法和合乎道德的使用。它确立了让国防“人工智能做好准备”、大规模采用人工智能、加强英国国防人工智能生态系统以及塑造国际规范的目标。" }, { "title": "A guide to good practice for digital and data-driven health technologies (NHSX / DHSC)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/code-of-conduct-for-data-driven-health-and-care-technology/initial-code-of-conduct-for-data-driven-health-and-care-technology", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: A practical guide published by the UK Department of Health and Social Care and NHSX that updates and expands the earlier Code of Conduct for Data-Driven Health and Care Technologies. It sets out principles, technical and clinical assurance expectations, data protection and transparency requirements, and procurement-relevant guidance for innovators and suppliers seeking to deploy digital and data-driven technologies in the NHS....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字和数据驱动的健康技术良好实践指南 (NHSX / DHSC)", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国卫生和社会保健部和 NHSX 发布的实用指南，更新和扩展了早期的数据驱动健康和护理技术行为准则。它为寻求在 NHS 中部署数字和数据驱动技术的创新者和供应商制定了原则、技术和临床保证期望、数据保护和透明度要求以及采购相关指南。" }, { "title": "Online Safety Act 2023", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/contents/enacted", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Online Safety Act 2023 establishes a statutory duty of care for providers of user-to-user and search services accessible in the UK, requiring measures to address illegal content and protect children from content that is legal but harmful. Ofcom is designated as the principal regulator with enforcement powers including fines up to £18 million or 10% of qualifying worldwide revenue, and the Act was given Royal Assent on 26 October 2023. (legislation.gov.uk)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年在线安全法", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：《2023 年在线安全法》为在英国提供用户对用户和搜索服务的提供商规定了法定注意义务，要求采取措施解决非法内容并保护儿童免受合法但有害的内容的侵害。 Ofcom 被指定为主要监管机构，拥有执行权，包括最高 1800 万英镑或合格全球收入 10% 的罚款，该法案于 2023 年 10 月 26 日获得御准。 (legislation.gov.uk)..." }, { "title": "Trusted Third‑Party AI Assurance Roadmap (DSIT)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trusted-third-party-ai-assurance-roadmap/trusted-third-party-ai-assurance-roadmap", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) published the "Trusted third-party AI assurance roadmap" on 3 September 2025 to catalyse a high-quality market for independent AI assurance services in the UK. The roadmap sets out actions to professionalise third-party AI assurance, develop skills and competencies, improve information access, and establish an AI Assurance Innovation Fund (£11m) to stimulate new assurance tools and methods....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "可信第三方人工智能保障路线图 (DSIT)", "description_zh": "英国人工智能法：科学、创新和技术部（DSIT）发布了“受信任的第三方人工智能保障路线图” 2025 年 9 月 3 日，旨在促进英国独立人工智能保障服务的高质量市场。该路线图列出了使第三方人工智能保障专业化、培养技能和能力、改善信息获取以及建立人工智能保障创新基金（1100万英镑）以刺激新的保障工具和方法的行动。" }, { "title": "National AI Strategy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-ai-strategy", "description": "AI law in United Kingdom: The UK National AI Strategy is a 10-year government strategy published on 22 September 2021 that sets a national plan to invest in the AI ecosystem, promote diffusion across the economy and establish a pro-innovation governance framework. It coordinates research, skills, data and standards work and commits to further regulatory work (including a White Paper) to ensure safe, trustworthy and beneficial AI adoption across sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能法：英国国家人工智能战略是一项于 2021 年 9 月 22 日发布的为期 10 年的政府战略，制定了投资人工智能生态系统、促进整个经济扩散并建立有利于创新的治理框架的国家计划。它协调研究、技能、数据和标准工作，并致力于进一步的监管工作（包括白皮书），以确保跨部门采用安全、值得信赖和有益的人工智能……" }, { "date": "2025-01-31", "title": "Code of Practice for the Cyber Security of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-cyber-security-code-of-practice/code-of-practice-for-the-cyber-security-of-ai#code-of-practice-principles", "description": "Emphasizes AI security training for all staff and tailored secure coding for developers. Requires secure design and auditing against AI attacks. Mandates threat evaluation and risk management for AI systems. Ensures human responsibility and oversight in AI systems. Prioritizes protection and monitoring of AI assets and data integrity. Requires developers to document AI system data and model specifics, test security rigorously, and update systems for security. Demands secure end-of-life data disposal processes.", "categories": [ "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能网络安全实践守则", "description_zh": "强调对所有员工进行人工智能安全培训，并为开发人员量身定制安全编码。需要针对人工智能攻击进行安全设计和审核。要求对人工智能系统进行威胁评估和风险管理。确保人工智能系统中的人类责任和监督。优先保护和监控人工智能资产和数据完整性。要求开发人员记录人工智能系统数据和模型细节，严格测试安全性，并更新系统以确保安全。需要安全的报废数据处理流程。" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "JSP 936 V1.1 Dependable Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Defence (part 1: directive)", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6735fc89f6920bfb5abc7b62/JSP936_Part1.pdf", "description": "Requires the Ministry of Defense’s development and use of AI to be governed by national and international law and to align with the principles of human centricity, responsibility, understanding, bias and harm mitigation, and reliability; provides guidance on AI ethics governance, AI lifecycle agnostic requirements, quality, safety, and security, and AI assurance.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "JSP 936 V1.1 国防中可靠的人工智能 (AI)（第 1 部分：指令）", "description_zh": "要求国防部的人工智能开发和使用受国家和国际法管辖，并符合以人为中心、责任、理解、偏见和伤害减轻以及可靠性的原则；提供有关人工智能道德治理、人工智能生命周期不可知要求、质量、安全和保障以及人工智能保证的指导。" }, { "date": "2022-06-14", "title": "AMBITIOUS, SAFE, RESPONSIBLE: Our approach to the delivery of AI-enabled capability in Defence", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/62a9b1d1e90e07039e31b8cb/20220614-Ambitious_Safe_and_Responsible.pdf", "description": "Commits the Ministry of Defense to exploiting AI comprehensively; requires consideration of algorithmic bias, responsibility and accountability, unpredictability, unintended consequences and incentives, people implications, and human control for AI; mandates following the five AI ethical principles.", "categories": [ "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雄心勃勃、安全、负责任：我们在国防领域提供人工智能支持能力的方法", "description_zh": "国防部承诺全面利用人工智能；需要考虑人工智能的算法偏差、责任和问责、不可预测性、意外后果和激励、对人的影响以及人类控制；要求遵循五项人工智能道德原则。" }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "UK AI Safety Institute releases expanded model evaluation framework for general-purpose AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ai-safety-institute", "description": "The UK AI Safety Institute (AISI) published an updated evaluation framework for testing frontier AI models, including new methodologies for assessing deception, situational awareness, and autonomous capability risks in large language models.", "categories": [ "Standards", "National Strategy", "Research & Development" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所发布通用人工智能扩展模型评估框架", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所（AISI）发布了用于测试前沿人工智能模型的更新评估框架，包括用于评估大型语言模型中的欺骗、态势感知和自主能力风险的新方法。" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "CMA announces package of actions on business software and cloud services", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-announces-package-of-actions-on-business-software-and-cloud-services", "description": "CMA aims to create greater choice for UK businesses and public sector at pivotal time of advances in AI.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 宣布针对商业软件和云服务的一揽子行动", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布对微软商业软件生态系统进行战略市场状况调查，调查将于 2026 年 5 月开始，旨在随着人工智能的显着进步，增强英国企业和公共部门组织的竞争和客户选择。在与 CMA 合作后，微软和亚马逊承诺降低云出口费用并提高互操作性，这将为英国客户提供更好的多云选择。 CMA 2025 年对云服务的调查显示，两家公司都拥有巨大的市场力量，由于高出口费用和互操作性障碍限制了客户的选择。 CMA 强调需要与利益相关者进行持续对话，以解决这些问题并确保竞争格局，特别是当人工智能技术集成到商业软件中时。这项调查可能会导致有利于竞争的干预措施，以使英国消费者和企业受益。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "DRFC publish foresight paper on the future of agentic AI", "url": "https://www.drcf.org.uk/siteassets/drcf/pdf-files/drcf-the-future-of-agentic-ai-foresight-paper.pdf?v=415481", "description": "Primary source (drcf.org.uk) dated 31 March 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Finance", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DRFC 发布关于代理人工智能未来的前瞻论文", "description_zh": "由竞争与市场管理局、金融行为监管局、信息专员办公室和 Ofcom 组成的数字监管合作论坛 (DRCF) 发布了一篇关于代理人工智能的前瞻论文。本文对代理人工智能以及英国监管框架如何帮助以负责任和安全的方式实现该技术的机遇进行了前瞻性探索。 DRCF 强调，监管应成为创新的推动者，确保新兴技术以促进经济增长和竞争的方式发展，同时保护消费者及其权利。该文件旨在促进利益相关者之间的辩论和讨论。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "FCA and ICO outlines rules for sharing data on vulnerable customers", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/corporate-documents/joint-fca-and-ico-statement-regulatory-expectations-regarding-firms", "description": "This statement aims to help firms understand and apply the FCA’s expectations for delivering good outcomes for retail consumers in vulnerable circumstances, in line with the Consumer Duty, while also maintaining confidence in the lawful, fair and responsible use of personal information in line with the information Commissioner’s Office’s (ICO) expectations.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Finance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCA 和 ICO 概述了共享弱势客户数据的规则", "description_zh": "英国金融行为监管局 (FCA) 和信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份联合声明，概述了企业对弱势消费者待遇的监管期望，强调需要根据消费者义务取得良好结果，同时确保遵守英国 GDPR 和 2018 年数据保护法等数据保护法。该声明强调了了解和满足弱势消费者需求、跨分销链共享相关数据以及监控客户结果以防止伤害的重要性。鼓励公司实施用于识别漏洞、定制通信并确保负责任的数据处理的系统，同时保持透明度和安全性。此外，FCA 期望各公司合作共享信息，以加强消费者支持，并进行定期监测，以确定和纠正弱势群体的结果差异。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "AI-specific regulation backed by four in five UK adults, survey shows", "url": "https://www.iwf.org.uk/news-media/news/dangerous-ai-child-sexual-abuse-reaches-record-high-as-public-backs-clampdown-on-uncensored-tools/#:~:text=This%20is%20echoed%20by%20new,and%20futureproofed%20from%20causing%20harm.", "description": "New IWF findings reveal record levels of AI‑generated child sexual abuse imagery, as 82% of UK adults call for stronger safeguards and safer AI.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "调查显示，五分之四的英国成年人支持针对人工智能的监管", "description_zh": "互联网观察基金会 (IWF) 报告称，人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 显着增加，到 2025 年评估了 8,029 个图像和视频，突显出此类内容的复杂性和可访问性不断提高。 IWF 的报告《无极限的伤害》强调了 AI CSAM 对人类的严重影响，详细说明了生成模型如何重新伤害幸存者并助长有害行为。该报告指出，65% 的已识别视频被归类为 A 类，这是最极端的分类，并且可以在明网上访问促进模拟虐待场景的人工智能聊天机器人。此外，人工智能的进步带来了工具的融合，简化了虐待图像的创建，显着降低了潜在犯罪者的进入门槛。 IWF 之前的报告显示，自 2024 年以来，人工智能生成的可采取行动的报告增加了 380%，这标志着人工智能滥用的演变趋势令人不安。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "UK Government backtracks on AI and copyright after outcry from major artists", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在主要艺术家的强烈抗议后，英国政府在人工智能和版权问题上做出了让步", "description_zh": "英国政府修改了其对版权和人工智能咨询的立场，承认需要进一步审议，因为其最初计划允许人工智能公司使用受版权保护的作品进行模型训练，并有选择退出的选项，这一计划遭到埃尔顿·约翰爵士和杜阿·利帕等知名人士的强烈反对。技术部长利兹·肯德尔表示，政府不再有首选方法，旨在平衡创意和人工智能领域的利益，强调让创意人员控制自己工作的重要性，同时认识到人工智能培训的必要性。更新后的报告表明，在实现这些目标方面缺乏共识，影响评估强调了这两个行业对英国经济的贡献，并指出人工智能行业的快速增长。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "UK targets fraudulent ads, AI oversight in online advertising taskforce update", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-advertising-taskforce-progress-report-2025/online-advertising-taskforce-progress-report-2025", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Media & Entertainment", "Advertising" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国针对欺诈广告和在线广告工作组更新中的人工智能监督", "description_zh": "在线广告工作组发布了 2025 年进度报告，强调了英国在线广告行业在促进透明度和问责制方面取得的重大进展。该报告详细介绍了新工作组的成立，重点关注人工智能和欺诈预防，反映了工作组致力于应对新出现的挑战。副主席 Mark Lund OBE 强调了这些举措对于培育值得信赖的广告生态系统的重要性。该报告还强调了该行业的巨大经济贡献，预计 2025 年广告支出总额将达到 460 亿英镑，2024 年出口额将达到 179 亿英镑。工作组的持续努力旨在确保英国在线广告行业的持续增长和完整性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "UK government narrows AI sector definition in proposed NSIA reforms", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-the-nsi-act-notifiable-acquisition-regulations/outcome/national-security-and-investment-act-notifiable-acquisition-specification-of-qualifying-entities-regulations-2021-consultation-response", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府在拟议的 NSIA 改革中缩小了人工智能行业的定义", "description_zh": "英国政府提议根据《国家安全与投资法案》（NSIA）完善人工智能行业的定义，以排除低风险活动，例如在内部流程中使用现成的消费者人工智能而无需进一步开发。重点将转向开发或增强人工智能能力的实体以及进行安全和能力测试的实体。这一变化旨在将强制通报的企业数量减少最多50家，从而简化监管流程并减少不必要的合规负担。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Kamal v Tax Policy Associates", "url": "/documents/1643/Kamal_v._Neidle_UK_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant deployed AI-generated fabricated case citations in correspondence/pleadings, prompting extra cross-checking; court described the deployment as unacceptable and relied on it as part of poor litigation conduct. Outcome: Partial strike-out, summary judgment for the defendants.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡迈勒诉税务政策协会", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|索赔人在信函/诉状中部署了人工智能生成的伪造案例引文，促使进行额外的交叉检查；法院称这种部署是不可接受的，并将其视为不良诉讼行为的一部分。结果：部分剔除被告，即决判决。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Partial strike-out, summary judgment for the defendants", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 March 2026", "title": "Competition and Markets Authority publishes guidance on complying with consumer law when using AI agents", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/complying-with-consumer-law-when-using-ai-agents/complying-with-consumer-law-when-using-ai-agents#monitor-how-your-ai-agents-are-performing", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "竞争与市场管理局发布有关使用人工智能代理时遵守消费者法的指南", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 发布了企业在使用人工智能代理进行客户互动、退款、产品推荐和营销时遵守消费者法的指南。该指南强调，消费者法同样适用于与人工智能代理和人类员工的互动，要求企业对其人工智能系统的行为负责，即使是由第三方开发的。它建议不要误导消费者，让他们认为自己正在与人交流，要求培训人工智能代理遵守《2015 年消费者权利法案》和相关法规，并强调必要的同意。此外，该指南还提到了《2024 年数字市场、竞争和消费者法案》规定的义务，敦促企业监控人工智能性能，确保人工监督以减少错误，并及时纠正违规行为，因为违规行为可能会导致执法行动和高达全球营业额 10% 的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 March 2026", "title": "Competition and Markets Authority releases research and analysis on agentic AI and consumers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/agentic-ai-and-consumers/agentic-ai-and-consumers", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "竞争和市场管理局发布有关代理人工智能和消费者的研究和分析", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局（CMA）发布了一篇题为“代理人工智能与消费者”的研究论文，研究了代理人工智能在消费者市场的发展，将其定义为能够通过自然语言指令自主追求目标的系统。该论文强调，当前的应用主要集中在客户运营、商务、销售工作流程、软件和 IT 运营以及内部业务流程自动化中，同时指出了潜在的消费者利益，例如减少摩擦、超个性化、节省时间和降低认知工作量。然而，它也识别了风险，包括操纵性设计实践、错误、偏见、消费者代理权丧失、代理人串通和生态系统锁定。 CMA 声称，英国消费者保护法适用于人类和人工智能驱动的互动，参考《2024 年数字市场、竞争和消费者法案》，并强调代理人工智能部署中透明度和问责制的重要性，以及智能数据方案、安全数字身份基础设施和互操作性标准等推动因素。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Communications and Digital Committee publishes report on AI and copyright threats to UK creative industries", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/170/communications-and-digital-committee/news/212361/uk-creative-industries-face-a-clear-and-present-danger-from-generative-ai/", "description": "The Communications and Digital Committee publishes its report ‘AI, copyright and the creative industries’. ", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Media & Entertainment" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信和数字委员会发布有关英国创意产业的人工智能和版权威胁的报告", "description_zh": "通信和数字委员会发布了一份题为“人工智能、版权和创意产业”的报告，强调了生成式人工智能对英国创意产业构成的威胁，因为未经许可使用受版权保护的材料来训练人工智能模型，这损害了创作者的权利和保护。该报告强调，英国​​版权框架并未过时，但受到人工智能开发者在受保护作品的使用方面缺乏透明度的挑战，并呼吁政府以选择退出模式拒绝新的商业文本和数据挖掘例外，加强对身份和数字副本的保护，建立人工智能训练数据的强制性透明度，培育公平的许可市场，并优先发展主权人工智能模型。委员会主席基利女男爵强调维持强有力的版权保护以支持创意产业的重要性，创意产业对英国经济做出了重大贡献，并敦促政府重点关注尊重创作者权利的负责任的人工智能开发。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Re A, B, C, D (Extension of assessment; Use of AI: hallucinations)", "url": "/documents/1857/Re_A_B_C_D_UK_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Family Court Bournemouth. Fabricated: Case Law | Skeleton argument contained citations that did not relate to the cases named; advocates agreed several citations/propositions were erroneous and the court identified these as AI-generated fabricated case law.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Re A、B、C、D（评估扩展；人工智能的使用：幻觉）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伯恩茅斯家庭法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|骨架论点包含与指定案例无关的引文；倡导者一致认为，一些引文/命题是错误的，法院将这些认定为人工智能生成的捏造判例法。", "court": "Family Court Bournemouth", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "US, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea, Singapore, UK and Canada join Australia's guidance on supply chain risks and mitigations for AI", "url": "https://www.cyber.gc.ca/en/news-events/joint-guidance-supply-chain-risks-mitigations-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning", "description": "The Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (Cyber Centre) has joined the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC) and the following international partners in releasing cyber security guidance on supply chain risks and mitigations for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML):", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国、日本、新西兰、韩国、新加坡、英国和加拿大加入澳大利亚关于人工智能供应链风险和缓解措施的指导", "description_zh": "加拿大网络安全中心、日本国家网络安全办公室、新西兰国家网络安全中心、韩国国家情报局、新加坡网络安全局、英国国家网络安全中心、美国国家安全局已加入澳大利亚网络安全中心关于与人工智能和机器学习（ML）系统相关的供应链风险和缓解措施的指南，强调安全管理对于防范第三方数据集和预训练模型可能产生的网络威胁的重要性。该指南针对参与人工智能和机器学习开发的组织，强调在人工智能产品的整个生命周期中进行全面风险评估的必要性，包括供应商评估、数据完整性检查以及建立有关网络安全责任的清晰沟通渠道。它概述了特定的风险，例如数据中毒、模型序列化攻击和人工智能软件中的漏洞，同时建议采取缓解措施，例如使用可信数据源、实施安全文件格式和进行持续的性能测试。该指南旨在通过整合针对这些技术带来的独特挑战量身定制的网络安全最佳实践，增强人工智能和机器学习供应链的弹性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Landmark consultation seeks views on major measures to protect children on social media, gaming platforms and AI chatbots", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-consultation-seeks-views-on-major-measures-to-protect-children-on-social-media-gaming-platforms-and-ai-chatbots", "description": "Government launches a landmark consultation on UK children's digital wellbeing, covering social media age bans, curfews, AI chatbots and gaming.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "具有里程碑意义的咨询就社交媒体、游戏平台和人工智能聊天机器人上保护儿童的主要措施征求意见", "description_zh": "英国政府已启动全面咨询，以收集公众意见，以加强社交媒体、游戏平台和人工智能聊天机器人方面的儿童数字安全。该倡议征求对潜在措施的意见，例如实施社交媒体使用的最低年龄要求、实施夜间宵禁、限制某些人工智能聊天机器人功能以及解决游戏对青少年的影响。考虑到彻底的禁令可能会将儿童推向监管较少的在线空间，此次磋商旨在平衡保护措施与让青少年为数字世界做好准备的需要。政府计划与家庭和青少年进行现实世界的试点，以测试拟议限制的实用性，确保任何新法规既有效又基于现实世界的证据。此次咨询向家长、看护者、年轻人、教育工作者、民间社会组织、学术界和行业利益相关者开放，截止日期为 2026 年 5 月 26 日。政府打算在夏季做出回应，利用新的立法权力根据咨询结果迅速采取行动，并可能在几个月内实施变革，以适应快速发展的数字环境。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "UK courts launch judicial framework to use AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/deputy-prime-minister-sets-out-vision-for-the-justice-system", "description": "Victims will benefit from a ‘transformed’ justice system, the Deputy Prime Minister has set out in a speech earlier today (24 February).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国法院推出使用人工智能的司法框架", "description_zh": "英国法院推出了人工智能驱动的列出工具，旨在减少案件积压，法院大臣莎拉·萨克曼将其描述为“改变游戏规则”，而首席大法官强调，列出决定仍将是司法职能。这一举措在首届刑事法院改进小组会议上进行了讨论，该会议旨在通过刑事司法专业人员之间的合作来提高法院的绩效。新的国家清单框架将于夏季前发布，该框架将在不设上限的审理时间和改进的数据收集的支持下，促进英格兰和威尔士的案件清单采用一致和透明的方法。该人工智能工具预计将协助法官预测审判持续时间并确定优先案件，从而减少延误。萨克曼强调了司法系统投资、改革和现代化的必要性，并承认虽然技术不是万能药，但它为提高法院运作的透明度和效率提供了巨大的潜力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "UK research and innovation announces its first AI strategy backed by £1.6 billion investment", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/news/ukri-ai-strategy-makes-bold-choices-where-uk-can-lead-the-world/", "description": "In its first AI strategy, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) sets out a bold plan to build on the UK’s incredible strengths and potential.", "categories": [ "Trade & Investment", "Research" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国研究与创新部宣布首个人工智能战略，投资 16 亿英镑", "description_zh": "英国研究与创新 (UKRI) 公布了首个人工智能 (AI) 战略，承诺在 2026 年至 2030 年间投入 16 亿英镑，利用人工智能推动医疗保健、清洁能源、公共服务和高增长行业的进步。该战略重点关注六个关键领域：推进技术开发、通过人工智能改变研究、发展技能和人才、加速经济和社会效益创新、倡导负责任的人工智能以及建设世界一流的数据和基础设施。该计划以英国在数学和计算机科学方面的历史优势为基础，旨在将科学卓越成果转化为切实的经济增长和社会进步。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "OpenAI and Microsoft join UK’s international coalition to safeguard AI development", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/openai-and-microsoft-join-uks-international-coalition-to-safeguard-ai-development", "description": "OpenAI and Microsoft pledge funding to AI Security Institute’s Alignment Project: an international effort on AI systems that are safe, secure and under control.", "categories": [ "Human Rights & Ethics", "Ai Safety" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OpenAI 和微软加入英国国际联盟以保障人工智能发展", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所 (AISI) 宣布 OpenAI 和微软已加入其国际联盟，以推进人工智能对齐研究，为旨在确保人工智能系统安全且按预期运行的对齐项目做出贡献。 OpenAI 承诺捐赠 560 万英镑，并得到微软和其他合作伙伴的额外支持，使总资金超过 2700 万英镑。该倡议支持八个国家的 60 个项目，重点是开发方法来防止先进人工智能系统中的意外或有害行为，从而增强公众信任并促进人工智能技术在各个领域的采用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Brightwaters Energy Limited v Eroton Exploration and Production Company Limited", "url": "/documents/1860/Brightwater_v._Eroton_UK_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Eroton's counsel relied on a supposed 2014 HHJ Pelling KC authority which did not exist; the court held the text was invented by AI and counsel promptly acknowledged the error.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brightwaters Energy Limited v Eroton Exploration and Production Company Limited", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法| Eroton 的律师依赖的是所谓的 2014 年 HHJ Pelling KC 权威，但实际上并不存在；法院认为该文本是人工智能发明的，律师立即承认了这一错误。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Ofcom investigates X over alleged failure to protect users and children from illegal and harmful content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-x-internet-unlimited-company-and-its-compliance-with-duties-to-protect-its-users-from-illegal-content-and-child-users-from-harmful-content", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 17 February 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 因 X 未能保护用户和儿童免受非法和有害内容侵害而对 X 进行调查", "description_zh": "通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份透明度通知，宣布对 X 和 Grok 进行行为审计。 Ofcom 研究人员将使用 Ofcom 管理的帐户和设备访问该平台并记录对其功能的观察。研究将受到控制，以保护研究人员并尽量减少与其他用户的互动。此次审计是 Ofcom 对 X 是否遵守《在线安全法案》规定的法律义务的持续调查的一部分，该法案于 2026 年 1 月 12 日启动。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "15 February 2026", "title": "UK Prime Minister says “no platform gets a free pass”, as government takes action to keep children safe online", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/pm-no-platform-gets-a-free-pass-government-takes-action-to-keep-children-safe-online", "description": "The Government will give parents and carers greater clarity and support as the Prime Minister announces immediate action to make the online world safer for children.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国首相表示“没有任何平台能获得免费通行证”，政府采取行动确保儿童上网安全", "description_zh": "英国政府已宣布立即采取行动，加强儿童的在线安全。总理凯尔·斯塔默强调需要快速调整法律以应对不断变化的数字威胁。新措施包括根据《在线安全法》堵住人工智能聊天机器人提供商的法律漏洞，确保遵守非法内容义务，以及开展针对儿童数字福祉的咨询。该倡议旨在设定社交媒体使用的最低年龄，限制无限滚动等有害功能，并保护儿童避免分享裸照。咨询还将探讨人工智能聊天机器人限制和 VPN 使用限制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "UK Supreme Court issues milestone judgment for AI and software patentability", "url": "https://supremecourt.uk/cases/press-summary/uksc-2024-0131", "description": "This summary is provided to assist in understanding the Court’s decision. It does not form part of the reasons for the decision. The full judgment of the Court is the only authoritative document. Judgments are public documents and are available in the 'Decided cases' section of the website.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国最高法院发布关于人工智能和软件专利性的里程碑式判决", "description_zh": "英国最高法院一致允许 Emotional Perception AI Limited 对专利总审计长提出上诉，这标志着英国人工智能和计算机实施发明的专利性评估方式发生了重大转变。法院裁定，虽然根据欧洲专利公约 (EPC) 第 52(2)(c) 条，人工神经网络 (ANN) 符合“计算机程序”的资格，但英国法院使用了 20 年的先前“Aerotel”指南应被放弃，转而采用欧洲专利局在 G1/19 决定中认可的“任何硬件”方法。在这个新框架下，上诉人的音乐推荐系统仅仅因为它是在物理计算机硬件上实现的，就满足了“发明”的门槛，从而扫清了之前阻止该申请的最初的排他性障碍。然而，法院澄清说，这是一个较低的标准，并在评估新颖性和创造性之前引入了一个“中间步骤”来过滤掉非技术特征，最终将案件转回英国知识产权局听证官，以将这一新标准应用于专利申请的具体权利要求。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "UK Information Commissioner source on Grok-related data-protection oversight", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/02/ico-announces-investigation-into-grok/", "description": "Official source record dated 3 February 2026 for United Kingdom concerning ICO launches investigation in X regarding the processing of personal data by the Grok AI system. See the linked ico.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对 X 发起有关 Grok AI 系统处理个人数据的调查", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室 (ICO) 已就 Grok AI 系统处理个人数据的问题对 X Internet Unlimited Company (XIUC) 和 X.AI LLC (X.AI) 展开正式调查。据报道，该人工智能工具被用来生成未经同意的性图像，包括涉及儿童的内容，这引发了人们对遵守英国通用数据保护条例 (UK GDPR) 和 2018 年数据保护法的担忧。ICO 旨在评估个人数据的处理是否合法、公平和透明，以及在 Grok 的设计和部署过程中是否实施了适当的保护措施，以防止生成有害的合成内容。 ICO 将收集证据、检查技术设计选择并评估风险缓解策略。如果侵权行为得到证实，ICO 可能会发出强制通知或处以高达 1750 万英镑或组织全球年营业额 4% 的罚款。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Ofcom determines xAI is out of jurisdiction for investigation into X over alleged failure to protect users and children from illegal and harmful content", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/investigation-into-x-and-scope-of-the-online-safety-act", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 3 February 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 确定 xAI 不属于对 X 的调查管辖范围，因为 X 涉嫌未能保护用户和儿童免受非法和有害内容的侵害", "description_zh": "通信办公室 (Ofcom) 已确定 xAI 不在 Ofcom 的管辖范围内，因为 X 涉嫌未能保护用户和儿童免受非法和有害内容的侵害而对 X 进行调查。这项调查是根据《2023 年在线安全法》启动的，旨在审查 X 是否遵守了其法定职责，包括对非法内容和儿童面临的风险进行适当和充分的风险评估，并采取适当的措施来预防和迅速删除优先非法内容。 Ofcom 指出，如果聊天机器人不是用户对用户服务、搜索服务并且不能生成色情内容，则不受 Ofcom 监管。图像和视频仅在色情或可以与其他聊天机器人用户共享时才在范围内。根据现行法律的范围，Ofcom 确定无法对 Grok 作为独立技术创建非法图像的情况进行调查。然而，Ofcom 指出，它正在考虑是否启动一项单独调查，以确定 Grok 的年龄保证方法是否符合高效年龄检查的规范和指南。调查将继续关注 X，而不是 xAI。 Ofcom 已向 X 发送正式信息请求，Ofcom 指出该请求具有法律约束力。如果违规行为成立，可能的后果包括最高 1800 万英镑的罚款或合格全球收入的 10%，在最严重的情况下，法院会下令采取业务中断措施。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "PSAHSC v. Tchampet", "url": "/documents/1450/PSAHSC_v._Tchampet_UK_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Microsoft Co-Pilot in proceedings before the High Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | Written submissions relied on Ghosh v GMC [2001] UKPC 29 as authority for a proposition it did not support; court found the AI had produced an unsupported citation/authority. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PSAHSC 诉 Tchampet", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院的诉讼中使用了 Microsoft Co-Pilot。歪曲事实：判例法|书面意见以 Ghosh v GMC [2001] UKPC 29 作为其不支持的主张的权威；法院发现人工智能产生了不受支持的引文/权威。结果：警告。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft Co-Pilot", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "UK HMRC outlines standards for generative AI use in tax software", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hmrc-the-standard-for-agents", "description": "The HMRC standard for agents gives you guidance on the minimum standards that have been set for all agents and, in particular, those that are not related to any professional body.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 HMRC 概述了税务软件中生成式人工智能的使用标准", "description_zh": "英国税务海关总署 (HMRC) 更新了其“代理人标准”指南，详细说明了税务代理人和顾问的最低期望，特别是那些不隶属于专业机构的税务代理人和顾问。特别是，该标准认识到该技术提供的机会，并“鼓励在税务软件产品中创新地使用人工智能”，但强调使用生成式人工智能的税务软件应该是透明的，开发人员确保用户知道软件何时“通过生成式人工智能增强”。该指南还强调系统必须仍然受到人类控制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Folarin v. The Immigration Services Commissionner", "url": "/documents/1427/Folarin_v._Immigration_Services_Commissioner_UK_29_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal was unable to locate several case citations the appellant relied on; the citations were generated by ChatGPT and could not be found in any database, suggesting AI-fabricated cases.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "福拉林诉移民服务专员", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在一级法庭的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到上诉人所依赖的几起案件引证；这些引文是由 ChatGPT 生成的，在任何数据库中都找不到，这表明案例是人工智能捏造的。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "UK government debate AI superintelligence moratorium call", "url": "https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/superintelligent-ai-should-its-development-be-stopped/", "description": "Artificial superintelligence (ASI) is a hypothetical future form of AI with cognitive functions and highly developed thinking skills more advanced than any human. While some have claimed it might be possible “in a few thousand days”, others are more sceptical about its development. Concerns have been raised that ASI presents an existential threat to humanity and its creation should be prevented or more strictly regulated.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府辩论人工智能超级智能暂停呼吁", "description_zh": "上议院就 Kings Heath 亨特勋爵对政府计划在国际上暂停超级智能人工智能 (ASI) 的调查进行了辩论，超级智能人工智能 (ASI) 是一种认知功能超越所有人类智能的假设系统。人工智能的发展目前分为执行特定任务的狭义系统和旨在匹配人类推理但尚未完全实现的新兴通用人工智能（AGI）。英国政府目前通过现有的法律框架和人工智能安全研究所（AISI）维持支持创新的非法定监管方式，尽管它已承诺未来对最强大的人工智能模型制定具有约束力的监管措施。尽管国际社会要求暂停使用人工智能，但英国政府强调在使用时对人工智能进行监管，同时利用 AISI 建立严重安全风险的证据基础，例如潜在的失控或化学和生物武器的开发。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "UK government pledge free AI training for all, aiming to provide 10 million workers with key AI skills by 2030", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/free-ai-training-for-all-as-government-and-industry-programme-expands-to-provide-10-million-workers-with-key-ai-skills-by-2030", "description": "Every adult in the UK is eligible to take free, newly benchmarked courses to gain practical AI skills for work.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府承诺为所有人提供免费人工智能培训，目标是到 2030 年为 1000 万工人提供关键人工智能技能", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布扩大其人工智能技能提升计划，为所有英国成年人提供免费人工智能培训，目标是到 2030 年提高 1000 万工人的技能。该计划通过人工智能技能中心提供在线课程，使参与者能够获得虚拟人工智能基金会徽章。培训重点关注人工智能的实际应用，例如起草文本和创建内容，以提高工作场所的生产力。包括 NHS 和 techUK 在内的新合作伙伴已加入该计划，自 6 月以来该计划已提供 100 万门课程。此外，还成立了一个新的跨政府部门，就人工智能对经济和劳动力市场的影响提供建议，并分配了 2700 万英镑的资金，用于将人们与技术工作联系起来，并创建新的专业实践课程和研究生培训。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "CMA proposes package of measures to improve Google search services in UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-proposes-package-of-measures-to-improve-google-search-services-in-uk", "description": "Measures are first to be consulted on under the digital markets competition regime.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 提出一揽子措施改善英国谷歌搜索服务", "description_zh": "在谷歌被指定为英国搜索服务领域具有战略市场地位（SMS）的公司后，竞争与市场管理局（CMA）向谷歌提出了一系列有针对性的行为要求。这些措施旨在通过解决 Google 的市场主导地位（目前 Google 处理超过 90% 的英国一般搜索查询）来确保公平交易、开放选择和透明度。该提案包括强制性的出版商控制，允许内容生产者选择不将其材料用于支持人工智能概述或训练人工智能模型，同时还要求谷歌为所使用的内容提供适当的归属。此外，这些要求还要求对搜索结果进行公平透明的排名流程，在 Android 设备和 Chrome 浏览器上引入合法选择屏幕以方便切换，并提高用户和企业的数据可移植性。这项监管干预措施目前正在向公众征求意见，直至 2026 年 2 月，旨在支持创新并为数字生态系统内的新闻机构和内容出版商提供更公平的经济交易。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "UK government forms AI public services team with Meta and Anthropic backing", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/top-british-ai-expertise-to-help-spark-renewal-of-public-services-and-bolster-national-security", "description": "Government sets out key part of its digital transformation agenda, bringing world class talent into Whitehall to modernise essential services.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府在 Meta 和 Anthropic 的支持下组建人工智能公共服务团队", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布了一项新的人工智能计划，由 Meta 和 Anthropic 支持，旨在实现交通基础设施、国家安全和就业支持等领域的公共服务现代化。通过艾伦图灵研究所，Meta 投资 100 万美元，将资助一项为期一年的奖学金计划，让英国领先的人工智能研究人员担任政府职务。这些研究员将开发开源工具，包括计算机视觉模型，以协助议会确定交通维护和基础设施维修的优先顺序。此外，一些系统将设计为离线运行或在安全网络内运行，使国防和国家安全团队能够利用先进的人工智能模型，同时保护敏感数据。英国还与 Anthropic 合作，为公共服务构建并试点了人工智能助手，最初的重点是为求职者提供个性化的职业指导，预计将于今年晚些时候进行试点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Financial Conduct Authority inquires into long-term impact of AI on retail financial services", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/calls-input/review-long-term-impact-ai-retail-financial-services-mills-review", "description": "We review how AI may reshape retail financial services for consumers, firms, markets and regulators by 2030 and beyond, and seek your views across 4 interrelated themes.", "categories": [ "Finance", "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "金融行为监管局调查人工智能对零售金融服务的长期影响", "description_zh": "英国金融行为监管局 (FCA) 发起了一项名为“米尔斯审查”的咨询和长期审查，以研究先进人工智能 (AI) 在 2030 年及以后对零售金融服务业的深远影响。该审查由执行董事 Sheldon Mills 领导，以 AI 实验室和 Supercharged Sandbox 等现有举措为基础，在 2026 年 2 月 24 日之前邀请利益相关者就四个主要主题提供证据：技术的未来演变（特别是生成系统和代理系统）、对市场竞争和公司行为的影响、不断变化的消费者趋势和期望，以及监管方法的必要演变。咨询将于 2026 年 2 月 24 日结束。调查结果和建议将于 2026 年夏季向 FCA 董事会报告，最终形成一份外部出版物，旨在指导整个行业安全、可信地采用人工智能。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Ofcom opens consultation on inquiry into impact of AI in telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-and-broadband/telecoms-infrastructure/exploring-what-impact-the-adoption-of-artificial-intelligence-could-have-on-the-experience-of-telecoms-customers", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 27 January 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Telecommunications" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 就人工智能对电信行业的影响展开咨询", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 已就人工智能对电信行业的影响展开咨询。通信办公室正在邀请电信提供商、技术开发商、消费者组织和其他利益相关者提供意见，以了解整个电信价值链和客户旅程中当前和新兴的人工智能用例。这项工作围绕三个问题展开：人工智能工具的部署方式、住宅和企业客户的风险和机遇，以及是否需要改变通信办公室的规则来支持负责任的创新和保护客户。通信办公室计划在 2026 年下半年发布调查结果，并指出该阶段的后续步骤。提交截止日期为 2026 年 3 月 10 日", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "AI systems could use Met Office and National Archives data under UK plans", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-data-library-progress-update-january-2026/national-data-library-progress-update-january-2026", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据英国计划，人工智能系统可以使用气象局和国家档案馆的数据", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布计划将英国气象局和国家档案馆的数据整合到人工智能系统中，以增强公共服务并支持小型企业。该计划包括资助研究利用英国气象局的数据来执行优化道路砂砾计划等任务，以及探索国家档案馆的法律文件如何帮助中小企业处理法律事务。此外，政府打算向自然历史博物馆和苏格兰国家图书馆等机构授权内容用于人工智能开发，旨在利用国家拥有的数据来推动人工智能部署，同时考虑隐私、道德和数据保护。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Treasury Committee urges immediate regulatory action to mitigate AI risks in UK financial services", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/158/treasury-committee/news/211401/current-approach-to-ai-in-financial-services-risks-serious-harm-to-consumers-and-wider-system/", "description": "The Bank of England, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Treasury are exposing the public and the financial system to potentially serious harm due to their current positions on the use of artificial intelligence in financial services, according to a new report by the Treasury Select Committee.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部委员会敦促立即采取监管行动，以减轻英国金融服务业的人工智能风险", "description_zh": "英国财政部特别委员会的一份新报告警告称，英格兰银行、英国金融行为监管局和财政部对人工智能的快速整合保持被动的“观望”态度，正在危及公众和金融稳定。尽管委员会承认超过 75% 的英国金融公司采用人工智能为行政效率和核心服务带来了显着的好处，但委员会认为当前的监管监督不足以管理随之而来的风险。为了减轻潜在危害，议员们建议 FCA 在 2026 年底前发布有关消费者保护和高管问责的实用指南，并建议监管机构实施针对人工智能的压力测试，为未来的市场冲击做好准备。此外，报告批评政府未能利用关键第三方制度，敦促立即指定必要的人工智能和云提供商，以确保适当的调查和执法权力到位，以增强行业的弹性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Your Home Partners v. Kellichan", "url": "/documents/1696/2026sckdy34-your-home-partners-v-kellichan-and-another.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Sheriffdom of Tayside. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Claimant lodged extract purporting to be 'Small Claims (Scotland) Rules – Section 41a' which does not exist; court determined the rule was fabricated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Your Home Partners 诉 Kellichan", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在泰赛德治安官的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：法律规范|索赔人提交的摘要声称是“小额索赔（苏格兰）规则 - 第 41a 条”，但该摘要并不存在；法院认定该规则是捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "Sheriffdom of Tayside", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "UK Department of Education releases generative AI product standards", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/generative-ai-product-safety-standards/generative-ai-product-safety-standards", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国教育部发布生成式人工智能产品标准", "description_zh": "英国教育部为教育环境中的生成式人工智能制定了一套全面的安全标准，主要针对教育科技开发商，以确保产品在教学上合理且对学生安全。这些标准要求人工智能工具明确说明其预期目的（从内容创建到数字辅导），同时避免系统拟人化，以防止情感依赖或人格错觉。关键要求包括强大的多模式过滤以阻止有害内容、实时活动监控（向指定保护线索发出自残或痛苦等风险警报）以及严格遵守数据保护和知识产权法。该指南强调通过要求人工智能使用渐进式披露（提供提示而不是完整答案）来缓解“认知去技能”，并禁止诸如阿谀奉承或利用用户参与的“黑暗模式”等操纵性设计策略。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Robert Huish v HRMC", "url": "/documents/1449/Robert_Huish_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC-2026_UKFTT_129_TC.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on an alleged 2021 case named 'Collins'; Tribunal and HMRC checked and found no such case after appellant admitted using AI assistance.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伯特·休什 v HRMC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在一级法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|上诉人依据的是一起名为“Collins”的 2021 年案件；在上诉人承认使用人工智能协助后，仲裁庭和英国税务海关总署进行了检查，未发现此类情况。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Ofcom investigates Novi over alleged failure to implement effective age assurance measures and conduct children’s access assessments", "url": "ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/investigation-into-novi-ltds-compliance-with-the-duty-to-prevent-children-from-encountering-pornographic-content-through-the-use-of-age-assurance", "description": "Primary source dated 15 January 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ofcom 调查 Novi 涉嫌未能实施有效的年龄保障措施并进行儿童访问评估", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 已对 Novi 的生成式人工智能服务 joi 发起调查，原因是其可能违反《在线安全法》。调查的目的是：(1) 提供商是否未能遵守该法案第 12 条，该条要求实施高效的年龄保证措施，以防止儿童在允许用户生成材料的服务中遇到色情内容； (2) 可能不遵守该法案第 36 条，该条要求提供者执行并维护书面的儿童访问评估。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "MissingSchema: Invalid URL 'ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/protecting-children/investigation-into-novi-ltds-compliance-with-the-duty-to-prevent-children-from-encountering-pornographic-content-through-the-use-of-age-assurance': No scheme supplied. Perhaps you meant https://ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/prot", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Ms F Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited", "url": "/documents/1669/Green_v._Imprint_UK_11_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Employment Tribunal (Leeds). Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant submitted case law authorities in an email that could not be identified; claimant admitted they were AI-generated and the Tribunal found the authorities do not exist and should be disregarded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "F Green 女士诉 Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭（利兹）的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|索赔人在一封无法识别的电子邮件中提交了判例法权威；索赔人承认它们是人工智能生成的，仲裁庭认为当局不存在，应予以忽视。", "court": "Employment Tribunal (Leeds)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Secretary of State announces that the offence to create or request the creation of deepfake intimate image without consent under Data (Use and Access) Act is now effective immediately", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/secretary-of-state-statement-to-the-house-of-commons-12-january-2026", "description": "With permission Madam Deputy Speaker, I would like to make a statement on AI , social media and online safety.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国务卿宣布，根据《数据（使用和访问）法》，未经同意创建或要求创建深度伪造亲密图像的犯罪行为现已立即生效", "description_zh": "国务卿利兹·肯德尔 (Liz Kendall) 就社交媒体平台 X 上 Grok AI 工具的滥用问题向下议院发表声明，该工具被用来创建和传播未经同意的私密深度伪造图像，包括涉及未成年人的图像。国务卿谴责该内容为非法内容，并宣布根据《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法》创建或请求创建此类图像的犯罪行为将立即生效。该犯罪行为也将被列为《网络安全法》中的优先犯罪行为。国务卿进一步证实，政府将在目前正在议会审议的《犯罪和警务法案》中立法，将裸体应用程序定为犯罪。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Ofcom launches investigation into X over Grok sexualised imagery", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/ofcom-launches-investigation-into-x-over-grok-sexualised-imagery", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 12 January 2026 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 对 X 因 Grok 色情图像展开调查", "description_zh": "英国独立在线安全监管机构 Ofcom 宣布，已根据英国在线安全法案对 X 展开正式调查，以确定其是否履行了保护英国人民免受英国非法内容侵害的职责。具体而言，Ofcom 将：(1) 评估英国人看到英国境内非法内容的风险，并在对其服务进行任何重大更改之前进行更新的风险评估； (2) 采取适当措施，防止英国人看到“优先”非法内容——包括未经同意的亲密图像和 CSAM； （三）发现违法内容后，迅速删除； (4) 考虑保护用户免遭违反隐私法的行为； (5) 评估他们的服务对英国儿童构成的风险，并在对其服务做出任何重大改变之前进行更新的风险评估； (6) 使用高效的年龄保证来保护英国儿童免受色情内容的侵害。如果 Ofcom 的调查发现 X 违反了法律，它可以要求 X 采取具体措施来遵守法律或补救违规造成的损害，并处以最高 1800 万英镑或合格全球收入 10% 的罚款，以较高者为准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 January 2026", "title": "Vice President JD Vance backs UK over ‘unacceptable’ sexualised AI images on X", "url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vance-lammy-grok-sexualised-ai-images-musk-b2898171.html", "description": "The deputy prime minister raised the concerns with Vance about Grok in a meeting this week", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "副总统 JD Vance 支持英国 X 上“不可接受”的色情人工智能图像", "description_zh": "据报道，美国副总统 JD Vance 认为 Grok AI 聊天机器人对妇女和儿童图像进行色情化处理是“完全不可接受的”，英国副首相 David Lammy 在最近的讨论后表示。这个问题引发了重大争议，X 的所有者和 Grok 的开发商埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 指责英国政府在部长们威胁采取可能阻止该平台的行动后试图压制言论自由。英国政府在监管机构 Ofcom 的支持下，正在考虑对 X 采取措施，因为 Grok 生成了露骨图像，包括涉及未成年人的图像。 Ofcom 正在对这些公司对这些问题的回应进行快速评估。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "Elden v HMRC", "url": "/documents/1283/Gary_Elden_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC_UK_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal. Misrepresented: Case Law | Skeleton summarized Atlantic Electronics Ltd v HMRC [2012] UKUT 45 (TCC) as if it were a strike-out authority; Tribunal read the full 9-page decision and found the summary inaccurate and irrelevant (case concerned MTIC VAT and admission of additional evidence). Outcome: Order to include statements of truth about AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃尔登诉英国税务海关总署", "description_zh": "律师在一级法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法| Skeleton 总结了 Atlantic Electronics Ltd v HMRC [2012] UKUT 45 (TCC)，就好像它是一个被淘汰的权威机构一样；仲裁庭阅读了完整的 9 页决定，发现摘要不准确且不相关（案件涉及 MTIC 增值税和接受额外证据）。结果：命令包含有关人工智能使用的真相陈述。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to include statements of truth about AI use", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "ICO notes concerns, predictions about agentic AI", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2026/01/ai-ll-get-that/", "description": "Our new report released today shows how the rise of agentic artificial intelligence (AI) could transform the way we live our lives, with personal shopping ‘AI-gents’ potentially arriving within the next five years.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 注意到对代理人工智能的担忧和预测", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发布了一份新报告，强调了代理人工智能在日常生活中的变革潜力，特别是通过预计在未来五年内出现的个人购物“人工智能代理”。 ICO 监管风险与创新执行董事 William Malcolm 强调需要建立强大的数据保护基础来建立公众对这些系统的信任，并指出虽然好处可能是变革性的，但确保个人信息的安全和管理良好至关重要。 ICO 计划在 2026 年积极监控代理人工智能的进展，并与开发人员合作，确保遵守数据保护法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board", "url": "/documents/1668/Pieu_v._Hywel_Dda_University_Local_Health_Board_UK.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Employment Tribunal (Swansea). Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant relied on multiple case citations produced via ChatGPT in her written submissions but could not provide citations or copies; Tribunal and counsel could not locate them and did not rely on those authorities.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M Peiu v Hywel Dda 大学地方卫生局", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭（斯旺西）的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|索赔人在其书面提交材料中依赖于通过 ChatGPT 生成的多个案例引文，但无法提供引文或副本；法庭和律师无法找到他们，也没有依赖这些当局。", "court": "Employment Tribunal (Swansea)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "UK to ban deepfake AI 'nudification' apps", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/protecting-young-people-online-at-the-heart-of-new-vawg-strategy", "description": "Government pledges to make it impossible for children to take, share or view a nude image – partnering with tech companies.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国将禁止深度伪造人工智能“裸体”应用程序", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布计划禁止人工智能驱动的“裸体”应用程序，这些应用程序使用人工智能以数字方式去除图像中的衣服，作为打击网络厌女症和保护妇女和女孩的更广泛战略的一部分。拟议的立法将使创建或分发此类工具成为非法行为，该立法建立在针对未经同意的露骨色情深度伪造和亲密图像滥用的现有法律的基础上。根据《网络安全法》，未经他人同意而制作他人的深度伪造露骨图像已经构成刑事犯罪。技术部长利兹·肯德尔（Liz Kendall）强调政府致力于确保妇女和女孩在线上和线下的安全，并表示那些从这些应用程序中获利或允许使用这些应用程序的人将面临法律后果。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "ofcom.org.uk source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/ai-chatbots-and-online-regulation-what-you-need-to-know", "description": "Official source record dated 18 December 2025 for United Kingdom concerning Office of Communications publishes guidance on applicability of Online Safety Act to AI chatbots. See the linked ofcom.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信办公室发布关于《在线安全法》对人工智能聊天机器人的适用性的指南", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了关于《在线安全法》如何适用于人工智能聊天机器人的指南。该指南明确指出，用户对用户服务、搜索服务和发布色情内容的服务的提供商必须评估和减少对其用户（尤其是儿童）造成伤害的风险。该法案涵盖了属于这些服务定义或属于此类服务一部分的聊天机器人。这包括在用户到用户服务上共享的人工智能生成的内容，其监管方式与人类生成的内容相同。然而，如果聊天机器人仅促进与聊天机器人本身的交互而不涉及其他用户，不搜索多个网站或数据库以获取响应，并且无法生成色情内容，则不受该法案的监管。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "UK AI Security Institute releases inaugural frontier trends report", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-security-institute-frontier-ai-trends-report-factsheet", "description": "Our first public, evidence‑based assessment of how the world’s most advanced AI systems are evolving, bringing together results from two years of AISI's frontier model testing.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所发布首份前沿趋势报告", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所 (AISI) 发布了首个针对前沿人工智能系统的公开循证评估，强调了“非凡”的发展速度，模型目前在化学和生物学等专业领域超越了人类博士水平的专业知识。报告指出，虽然先进系统越来越有能力在没有人工干预的情况下完成复杂的多步骤任务，但目前的评估尚未显示出试图自我复制或隐藏其能力的模型。这些发现旨在为英国即将出台的治理战略提供信息，因为政府会监控通用人工智能的发展轨迹和相关的安全风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "UK to study how AI regulatory gaps limit its use in energy system", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 16 December 2025) regarding AI policy activity in GB. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国将研究人工智能监管差距如何限制其在能源系统中的使用", "description_zh": "据报道，英国政府正在启动一项研究，探讨现有的监管差距如何阻碍人工智能在能源领域的采用。这项调查旨在找出阻碍能源公司充分利用人工智能技术的具体障碍，目的是为未来的政策和监管框架提供信息，以促进人工智能更有效地融入能源系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "UK Government signals a shift toward a licensing-led copyright framework for AI training in its 2025 Statement of Progress", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence-progress-report/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence-statement-of-progress-under-section-137-data-use-and-access-act", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府在 2025 年进展声明中表示将转向以许可为主导的人工智能培训版权框架", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了一份“进展声明”，详细介绍了其根据《2025 年数据（使用和访问）法案》平衡创意产业需求与人工智能行业发展的持续努力。经过广泛咨询并收到超过 11,500 份回复后，该报告强调了方向的重大转变：虽然最初的提案倾向于“选择退出”数据挖掘模式，但绝大多数利益相关者（包括 88% 的受访者）强烈支持以许可为主导的方法来保护知识产权。为了弥合技术开发者和创造者之间的分歧，政府现在正在召集技术工作组来完善透明度和薪酬标准。最终政策报告和完整的经济影响评估计划于 2026 年 3 月 18 日发布，旨在巩固维持创新和英国创意经济的版权框架。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 December 2025", "title": "Mr T De Carvalho Ferreira v Magic Life Limited & Ors", "url": "/documents/1667/Ferreira_v._Magic_Life_UK_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Employment Tribunals (Reading). Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant's skeleton cited 'Adams v Wincanton Group Ltd [2013] IRLR 725 (EAT)'; the judge and opposing counsel were unable to locate the case; counsel acknowledged using AI and was warned to verify AI outputs. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "T De Carvalho Ferreira 先生 v Magic Life Limited & Ors", "description_zh": "律师在就业法庭（雷丁）的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|索赔人的骨架引用了“Adams v Wincanton Group Ltd [2013] IRLR 725 (EAT)”；法官和对方律师无法找到案件；律师承认使用了人工智能，并被警告要验证人工智能的输出。结果：警告。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (Reading)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "UK and Google DeepMind strike major AI partnership covering science, education, and public services", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-to-accelerate-national-renewal-and-growth-as-google-deepmind-backs-uk-tech-and-science-sectors", "description": "A new partnership with Google DeepMind will help to turn cutting-edge AI into real benefits for working people.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国与谷歌 DeepMind 达成涵盖科学、教育和公共服务领域的重要人工智能合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国政府与谷歌 DeepMind 合作建立了该国首个自动化研究实验室，旨在通过先进的人工智能技术加速科学突破、开发清洁能源解决方案并增强公共服务。此次合作将专注于为低成本医学成像和更高效的计算机芯片等应用创造新型超导材料，为英国的净零排放目标做出贡献。此外，该合作伙伴关系还包括与英国人工智能安全研究所合作，确保人工智能的安全和负责任的发展，并为英国科学家提供优先使用尖端人工智能工具的机会，巩固英国作为全球科技领导者的地位。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "Azerbaijan and UK discuss collaboration in AI", "url": "https://news.az/news/azerbaijan-and-uk-discuss-collaboration-in-ai", "description": "Azerbaijan and the United Kingdom have discussed potential cooperation in aviation, railway transport, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity , and the development of human capital in digital skills.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿塞拜疆和英国讨论人工智能合作", "description_zh": "据报道，阿塞拜疆和英国已就航空、铁路运输、人工智能、网络安全和数字技能开发等多个领域的合作进行了讨论。这些会谈是在阿塞拜疆副部长萨米尔·马梅多夫和英国贸易特使约翰·阿尔德迪斯勋爵会晤期间进行的。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "US introduces Pax Silicia Initiative (with coalition of other countries)", "url": "https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/pax-silica-initiative/", "description": "Pax Silica is a U.S.-led strategic initiative to build a secure, prosperous, and innovation driven silicon supply chain—from critical minerals and energy inputs to advanced manufacturing, semiconductors, AI infrastructure, and logistics. Rooted in deep cooperation with trusted partners, Pax Silica aims to reduce coercive dependencies, protect the materials and capabilities foundational to artificial intelligence, and […]", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国推出 Pax Silicia 倡议（与其他国家联合）", "description_zh": "美国国务院发起了“Pax Silica 倡议”，作为各国联盟，旨在建立“安全、繁荣和创新驱动的硅供应链——从关键矿物和能源投入到先进制造、半导体、人工智能基础设施和物流”。该倡议旨在减少强制依赖，保护人工智能的基础材料和能力，并确保联盟国家能够大规模开发和部署变革性技术。首届 Pax Silica 峰会汇聚了来自日本、韩国、新加坡、荷兰、英国、以色列、阿拉伯联合酋长国和澳大利亚的同行。各国将合作确保全球技术供应链的战略堆栈，包括但不限于：软件应用程序和平台、前沿基础模型、信息连接和网络基础设施、计算和半导体、先进制造、运输物流、矿物精炼和加工以及能源。各国确认了共同承诺：(1) 开展项目，共同解决人工智能供应链的机遇和脆弱性：优先关键矿产。半导体设计、制造和封装、物流和运输、计算、能源网格和发电； (2) 寻求新的合资企业和战略共同投资机会； (3) 保护敏感技术和关键基础设施免遭有关国家的不当访问或控制； （4）构建可信技术生态系统，包括ICT系统、光缆、数据中心、基础模型和应用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Mr J Harrison v Mr D May t/a Leeds Gymnastics Academy", "url": "/documents/1676/Harrison_v._Mr_D_May_ta_Leeds_Gymnastics_Academy_UK_24_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Employment Tribunals (Leeds). Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions contained numerous non-existent case law references; respondent admitted he used ChatGPT to generate the submissions and did not verify citations. Tribunal found at least half of the references were non-existent. Outcome: Tribunal awarded claimant a preparation time order of £2,178; payment stayed pending outcome of EAT appeal..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "J Harrison 先生 v D May 先生 t/a 利兹体操学院", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭（利兹）的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|被诉人的书面陈述包含大量不存在的判例法参考；受访者承认他使用 ChatGPT 生成提交内容，但没有验证引用。法庭发现至少一半的参考资料不存在。结果：仲裁庭授予原告 2,178 英镑的准备时间令；付款仍在等待 EAT 上诉结果。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (Leeds)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Tribunal awarded claimant a preparation time order of £2,178; payment stayed pending outcome of EAT appeal.", "monetary_penalty": "2178 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "D (A Child) (Recusal)", "url": "/documents/1163/D_Recusal_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Court of Appeal. Misrepresented: Case Law | Mother cited Re W [2010] UKSC 12 for the proposition that 'findings reached through a procedurally compromised process cannot stand', an attribution the court found to be incorrect. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "D（儿童）（回避）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在上诉法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法| Mother 引用了 Re W [2010] UKSC 12 的主张，即“通过程序上妥协的过程得出的结论不能成立”，法院认为这种归因是不正确的。结果：警告。", "court": "Court of Appeal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "International Network of AI Safety Institutes rebrand away from \"safety\" to focus on scientific measurements", "url": "https://www.uktech.news/ai/ai-safety-institutes-rebrand-to-focus-on-scientific-measurements-20251209", "description": "An international coalition of AI Safety Institutes is rebranding itself to reflect its focus on measurement and evaluation of AI models.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国际人工智能安全研究所网络重塑品牌，从“安全”转向专注于科学测量", "description_zh": "据悉，由澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、日本、肯尼亚、韩国、新加坡、英国和美国等国家组成的国际人工智能安全研究所网络正在更名为国际高级人工智能测量评估和科学网络，以强调其对人工智能模型的科学测量和评估的承诺（在英国主导呼吁摆脱“安全”标签之后）。英国将担任网络协调员的角色，旨在领导开发用于测试先进人工智能系统的严格方法的工作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Canada and UK strengthen ties on quantum and digital infrastructure", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2025/12/canada-and-the-united-kingdom-strengthen-ties-on-quantum-and-digital-infrastructure.html", "description": "Canada and the United Kingdom strengthen ties on quantum and digital infrastructure", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大和英国加强量子和数字基础设施方面的联系", "description_zh": "在蒙特利尔举行的七国集团工​​业、数字和技术部长会议期间，加拿大人工智能和数字创新部长埃文·所罗门与英国数字政府和数据国务大臣伊恩·默里签署了一份谅解备忘录，以加强数字公共服务基础设施方面的合作。他们强调致力于利用量子技术开发安全的跨大西洋通信，旨在建立一个全球性的下一代网络。此次合作符合加拿大国家量子战略，加拿大航天局邀请在 2025 年 12 月 12 日之前对在轨量子通信示范项目表达兴趣。两国将继续促进创新研究、支持创造就业机会、培养人才并鼓励负责任的人工智能采用，以推动全球经济和技术增长。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "UK cyber agency warns LLMs will always be vulnerable to prompt injection", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/blog-post/prompt-injection-is-not-sql-injection", "description": "The term ‘prompt injection’ was coined in 2022 to describe a new class of application vulnerability in genAI applications. Prompt injection is where developers concatenate their own instructions with untrusted content in a single prompt, and then treat the model’s response as if there were a robust boundary between ‘what the app asked for’ and anything in the untrusted content.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国网络机构警告法学硕士将永远容易受到迅速注入", "description_zh": "英国最高网络安全机构 - 国家网络安全中心 (NCSS) - 警告说，即时注入攻击是通过操纵大型语言模型 (LLM) 的输入来产生意外输出来利用其漏洞，与传统的 SQL 注入攻击有根本的不同。 SQL 注入涉及将恶意代码插入数据库查询中以操纵或访问数据，而提示注入则通过精心设计导致模型忽略其原始指令的输入来针对 LLM 的行为。这可能会导致有害内容的生成、未经授权的数据泄露或依赖法学硕士的系统内的意外操作。 NCSS 建议缓解提示注入的更好方法可能是不将其视为代码注入的一种形式，而是将其视为对“混淆代理漏洞”的利用（即，系统可以被强制执行有利于攻击者的功能，通常是特权组件被强制代表特权较低的攻击者发出特权请求）。解决提示注入需要不同的策略（建议与 ETSI 标准 (TS 104 223) 有关人工智能模型和系统的基本网络安全要求一致），因为有效防止 SQL 注入的传统安全措施可能不适用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Onyinye Udokporo v Enrich International", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-privilege-us-v-heppner-ukipo/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the IPO. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Combit Software GmBH v Commit Business Solutions [2014] EWHC 3605' claiming judicial comment on minor consonant changes; court found this citation fabricated and the appellant later supplied a different EU case (C-223/15).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥因涅·乌多克波罗 v Enrich International", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 IPO 之前的诉讼中使用了 Unidentified。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用“Combit Software GmBH v Commit Business Solutions [2014] EWHC 3605”，声称对辅音的微小变化做出司法评论；法院认定该传票是捏造的，上诉人后来提供了另一个欧盟案件（C-223/15）。", "court": "IPO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Home Office releases draft framework for law enforcement use of biometrics, facial recognition and similar technologies", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69318bb2cdec734f4dff4257/PDF_Consultation_FINAL.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 4 December 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内政部发布生物识别、面部识别和类似技术执法使用框架草案", "description_zh": "英国内政部已就英格兰和威尔士执法机构使用生物识别、推理和物体识别技术以及英国各地保留事项的新法定框架展开公众咨询。它描述了所涵盖的技术，包括实时、回顾性和操作员发起的面部识别，并解决了面部图像的获取、保留和使用、必要性和相称性评估、对隐私、言论自由和集会自由的潜在干扰、搜索其他政府数据库时的保障措施以及授权要求等问题。磋商还建议建立一个单一的独立监督机构，有权制定标准、发布法规、进行调查并确保合规。回复必须提交给数据和身份理事会，政府回复文件将在 12 周内发布。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Taiwo v Homelets of Bath Limited", "url": "/documents/1147/Wemimop_v._Homelets_UK_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | A purported authority cited in the 27 March 2025 skeleton (requested by the Court) could not be produced; the Court found Irani v Duchy Farm Kennels [2020] EWCA Civ 405 to be a bogus/non-existent case, likely generated by AI. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Taiwo v 巴斯 Homelets Limited", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|无法出示 2025 年 3 月 27 日的概要（应法院要求）中引用的所谓权威；法院认为，Irani v Duchy Farm Kennels [2020] EWCA Civ 405 是一个伪造/不存在的案件，很可能是由人工智能生成的。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "UK and South Africa announce partnership, covering AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-sa-partnership-boosts-health-inclusion-and-space-science", "description": "UK-SA unveil bold science moves in AI policy training, space toolkit & innovation fund to drive health, inclusion, and climate-smart growth.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和南非宣布建立涵盖人工智能的合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和南非宣布了三项加强科技合作的重大举措：英国-南非全球人工智能（AI）政策培训计划、太空生态系统发展工具包（SEDT）以及南非科学、技术和创新部（DSTI）与全球创新基金（GIF）之间续签合作伙伴关系。人工智能政策培训计划旨在利用领先机构的专业知识，为两国的政策制定者和公共部门领导人提供指导人工智能治理的技能。 SEDT 由南非创新与可持续发展研究所 (RIIS) 与肯尼亚和卢旺达航天机构合作开发，旨在通过关注人力资本、金融、基础设施、政策和包容性来解决非洲新兴航天生态系统的差距。新的 DSTI-GIF 伙伴关系致力于加速科学创新对社会的影响，特别是在改善生计、健康成果、经济包容性和气候适应能力方面。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 November 2025", "title": "UK and Israel launch new AI cooperation framework with Abraham Accords partners", "url": "https://academic.hit.ac.il/en/news/news-and-stories/301120251538", "description": "HIT and the UK Abraham Accords Group signed a landmark MOU at the British Ambassador’s residence to advance AI collaboration between Israel, the UK, and Abraham Accords nations.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国和以色列与亚伯拉罕协议合作伙伴启动新的人工智能合作框架", "description_zh": "以色列和英国启动了一个区域框架，以加强与《亚伯拉罕协议》合作伙伴在人工智能领域的合作。该倡议通过霍隆理工学院 (HIT) 和英国亚伯拉罕协议集团 (UKAAG) 之间的谅解备忘录在特拉维夫正式确定。该协议旨在利用人工智能作为与以色列关系正常化的国家之间的稳定工具，重点关注健康、能源、教育和治理。双方计划建立共享培训计划，制定符合道德的人工智能使用区域基准，并成立工作组来监督开发项目。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Oxford Hotel Investments Ltd v Great Yarmouth Borough Council", "url": "/documents/1102/Oxford_Hotel_Investments_Limited_v_Great_Yarmouth_Borough_Council_UK_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber). False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited [18] of Barker v Shokar as holding a microwave satisfied the statutory definition; the Tribunal found the passage did not say that and that the misleading citation was produced by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "牛津酒店投资有限公司 v 大雅茅斯自治市议会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在上级法庭（土地分庭）的诉讼中使用身份不明。虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用 Barker v Shokar 案中的[18]，认为持有微波炉符合法定定义；仲裁庭认为该段落并未提及这一点，并且误导性引文是由人工智能生成的。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Mark Jennings v NatWest Group PLC", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/thirty-uk-hallucinated-citations/#S_Peggie_v_Fife_Health_Board_and_Dr_B_Upton", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Sheriff Appeal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that at least three cases cited in the appellant's ChatGPT-generated submissions appear to be non-existent; the court treated those citations as unreliable.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马克·詹宁斯 v NatWest Group PLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在警长上诉法院的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|法院观察到，上诉人在 ChatGPT 生成的提交材料中引用的至少三个案例似乎不存在；法院认为这些传票不可靠。", "court": "Sheriff Appeal Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "UK Government announces billions worth of AI investment and thousands of new jobs across UK", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-to-power-national-renewal-as-government-announces-billions-of-additional-investment-and-new-plans-to-boost-uk-businesses-jobs-and-innovation", "description": "A major package of new reforms and investment will put AI at heart of government’s mission to drive growth, create jobs and spread prosperity across the country.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府宣布在英国投资数十亿美元的人工智能并创造数千个新就业岗位", "description_zh": "英国政府科学、创新和技术部（DSIT）公布了价值数十亿美元的人工智能改革和投资一揽子计划，旨在创造数千个新的高技能就业岗位，并巩固英国作为人工智能领导者的地位。该战略的关键是区域人工智能增长区的发展，其中包括一个新的南威尔士地区，该地区将获得 100 亿英镑的投资，预计将创造至少 5,000 个就业岗位，并为每个地区提供 500 万英镑的政府资助，以促进业务采用和技能开发。为了进一步推进这一举措，英国正在建立一个主权人工智能部门，该部门将获得近 5 亿英镑的支持，由詹姆斯·怀斯 (James Wise) 担任主席，以扩大英国的人工智能能力，同时政府还承诺投入 1 亿英镑，充当有前景的英国人工智能硬件初创企业的“第一个客户”。该战略还包括高达 2.5 亿英镑用于向研究人员提供免费计算资源，1.37 亿英镑重点用于利用人工智能加速科学发现，特别是在药物研究方面，同时任命西蒙·约翰逊、汤姆·布洛姆菲尔德和拉亚·哈德塞尔等新人工智能大使，所有这些都建立在过去一个月承诺的 242.5 亿英镑私人投资的基础上。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "UK artificial intelligence in science strategy published", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-for-science-strategy/ai-for-science-strategy", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能科学战略发布", "description_zh": "英国的人工智能科学战略概述了 15 项政府行动，旨在将英国定位为人工智能科学研究的全球领导者，并在 2026 年至 2030 年间提供高达 1.37 亿英镑的目标投资。该战略优先考虑发展人工智能驱动科学的前沿能力，并通过关注数据、计算以及人员和文化三大支柱来保持英国的领导地位，并启动雄心勃勃的“使命”，以加速药物发现、先进材料、聚变能源、工程生物学、医学等领域的突破。研究和量子技术。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "133 Blackstock Road v Assethold Limited", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/thirty-uk-hallucinated-citations/#Hassan_v_ABC_International_Bank_PLC", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber). Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent relied on Gala Unity Ltd v Ariadne Road RTM Co Ltd [2012] UKUT 366 (LC); Tribunal could not find this authority and directed the Respondent to produce it; none was provided and Tribunal concluded it apparently does not exist. Outcome: Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "133 Blackstock Road诉Assethold Limited", "description_zh": "律师在一级法庭（财产法庭）出庭。捏造：判例法|被申请人诉诸 Gala Unity Ltd v Ariadne Road RTM Co Ltd [2012] UKUT 366 (LC)；仲裁庭无法找到该授权书，并指示被申请人出示该授权书；没有提供任何信息，仲裁庭得出的结论是它显然不存在。结果：表明原因。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "UK and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/1565/Munir_v._SSHD_UK_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | A non-existent case 'Horleston' was included in the grounds; the Tribunal found no reported case and demonstrated that Google AI can fabricate bench details—solicitor concluded it was probably AI-generated. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和R诉内政大臣", "description_zh": "律师在上级法庭的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|场地中包括一个不存在的案件“Horleston”；法庭没有发现任何报告的案例，并证明谷歌人工智能可以伪造法庭细节——律师得出结论，这可能是人工智能生成的。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "UK to unveil new law to tackle AI child abuse images at source", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-law-to-tackle-ai-child-abuse-images-at-source-as-reports-more-than-double", "description": "New legislation sees government work with AI industry and child protection organisations to ensure AI models cannot be misused to create synthetic child sexual abuse images.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国将推出新法律从源头解决人工智能虐待儿童图像问题", "description_zh": "在过去一年此类报告大幅增加后，英国政府宣布将出台新立法，以防止滥用人工智能来制作合成儿童性虐待材料。这项措施是作为《犯罪和警务法案》的修正案而提出的，将赋予部长们指定“经批准的测试人员”的权力，例如民间社会组织互联网观察基金会。这些将有权检查人工智能模型是否存在可能允许创建非法材料的漏洞。就背景而言，目前创建和拥有此类材料的刑事责任意味着开发人员无法对人工智能模型进行安全测试，并且图像只能在创建并在线共享后才能删除。这项措施是世界上首个此类措施之一，可确保人工智能系统的防护措施从一开始就可以得到严格的测试，从一开始就限制其生产。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "MAS and UK FCA announces partnership on AI-in-Finance", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2025/mas-and-uk-fca-announces-partnership-on-ai-in-finance", "description": "Singapore, 12 November 2025… The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) have announced a new strategic partnership on artificial intelligence (AI) in Finance between Singapore and the United Kingdom (UK) – termed the UK-Singapore AI-in-Finance Partnership (Partnership). 2. Announced at the Singapore FinTech Festival, the new Partnership will support safe and responsible AI innovation. This will enable AI-in-Finance solution providers in Singapore and AI innovators in the UK to scale and operate best-in-class AI solutions across both markets more effecti", "categories": [ "Finance" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MAS 与英国 FCA 宣布在人工智能金融领域建立合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "新加坡金融管理局 (MAS) 和英国金融行为监管局 (FCA) 宣布建立合作伙伴关系，合作开发和实施金融领域的人工智能。此次合作旨在加强对人工智能技术的理解和采用，促进负责任的创新，并增强两个司法管辖区金融市场的弹性和效率。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "UK Government commissions report into impact of AI in financial services", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industry-to-identify-ai-and-tech-skills-needs-in-financial-services/letter-from-the-economic-secretary-to-the-treasury-to-the-financial-services-skills-commission", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Finance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府委员会报告人工智能对金融服务的影响", "description_zh": "英国财政部经济大臣委托金融服务技能委员会（FSSC）就人工智能和其他颠覆性技术对英国金融服务业的影响进行研究。该计划旨在评估这些技术将如何影响未来五到十年的业务实践、劳动力需求和技能需求。 FSSC 的任务是评估对国家和地区行业增长、生产力和客户体验的潜在影响。此外，该研究还将确定成功采用和部署这些技术所需的具体技能，并为雇主、雇员、教育机构和政府机构提出发展这些能力的可行步骤。最终报告预计于 2027 年中期发布，并有可能提前完成或提交中期报告以促进进展。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Choksi v IPS", "url": "/documents/1069/Choksi_v._IPS_Law_UK_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Google AI Overview in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Farnell 2 cited numerous authorities with wrong citations or names and included some cases that do not exist; court found several citations irrelevant and unsupported by the authorities cited.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乔克西诉IPS", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院的诉讼中使用了 Google AI Overview。捏造：判例法| Farnell 2 引用了许多权威机构的错误引文或名称，并包含了一些不存在的案例；法院认为一些引文不相关且没有得到所引当局的支持。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google AI Overview", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Judiciary issues new guidance on the use of AI for judicial office holders", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Artificial-Intelligence-AI-Guidance-for-Judicial-Office-Holders-2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (judiciary.uk) dated 31 October 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "司法机构发布关于司法人员使用人工智能的新指南", "description_zh": "英国司法机构为司法官员发布了关于人工智能使用的最新指南，强调虽然人工智能可以成为一种有价值的工具，但它也存在产生不准确或误导性信息（包括虚构案例和引述）等风险。建议司法人员独立验证人工智能生成的内容，避免将机密信息输入公共人工智能工具。该指南还提醒法律代表他们的职业义务，以确保法庭上提供的材料的准确性，并指出最近大律师引用 ChatGPT 等人工智能工具生成的不存在的判决的情况。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l.", "url": "/documents/1670/Oscartech_UK.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the UK IPO. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Skeleton Argument cited a decision as 'IONTECH v TECNION (BL O/375/10)'; Opponent flagged the reference as inconsistent and the Applicant withdrew reliance after admitting use of an AI tool. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在英国 IPO 之前的诉讼中使用了 Unidentified。捏造：判例法|申请人的基本论点引用了“IONTECH v TECNION (BL O/375/10)”裁决；反对者将参考标记为不一致，申请人在承认使用人工智能工具后撤回了信赖。结果：警告。", "court": "UK IPO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd & ors v Assethold Limited", "url": "/documents/1023/Victoria_Place_Flats_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the First-tier Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | M365 Copilot returned fabricated Court of Appeal citations for Qdime (non-existent EWCA citations) which Mr Gurvits' submissions echoed; tribunal could not locate those citations on bailii and found them to be AI hallucinations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd 及其他诉 Assethold Limited", "description_zh": "律师在一级法庭出庭。捏造：判例法| M365 Copilot 退回了上诉法院对 Qdime 捏造的传票（不存在 EWCA 传票），Gurvits 先生的意见也与之相呼应；仲裁庭无法找到 Bailii 上的这些引文，并发现它们是人工智能的幻觉。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Re Sriram (aka Roy)", "url": "/documents/900/Sriram_v._Birtttain__Pantera_UK_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Litigant relied on a non-existent case citation which the court identified as invented; judge found the citation does not exist and likely arose from internet research error. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雷·斯里拉姆（又名罗伊）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|诉讼当事人引用了一个不存在的案件引证，而法院认定该案件引证是捏造的；法官认为该引文不存在，很可能是由于互联网研究错误造成的。结果：警告。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "New blueprint for AI regulation establishing AI Growth Labs announced", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-blueprint-for-ai-regulation-could-speed-up-planning-approvals-slash-nhs-waiting-times-and-drive-growth-and-public-trust", "description": "A new blueprint for AI regulation is being announced by the Technology Secretary today (Tuesday 21 October) to help drive innovation and growth.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管新蓝图公布，建立人工智能增长实验室", "description_zh": "英国技术大臣在泰晤士报科技峰会上宣布，英国政府推出了新的人工智能监管蓝图，旨在加速医疗保健、专业服务、交通和先进制造等关键领域的创新并减少官僚作风。该举措包括建立人工智能增长实验室，该实验室将作为受控环境，企业可以在暂时放松的法规下测试人工智能产品，促进负责任的开发和部署。政府预计，这种方法将为公众带来切实的好处，包括更快的规划审批、减少 NHS 等待时间以及整体经济增长，从而与变革计划的更广泛目标保持一致。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Chi Keung Lee & others v Blackpool B&B Limited", "url": "/documents/1671/62_Hornby_Road_decision_final_17-10-25_UK_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent submitted a purported Upper Tribunal decision 'Khan v Mehmood' as legal authority; Tribunal found no such decision exists and concluded it was fabricated by AI. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "李志强等人 v Blackpool B&B Limited", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在一级法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|被告提交了所谓的上级法庭裁决“Khan v Mehmood”作为法律依据；法庭发现不存在这样的决定，并得出结论，它是人工智能捏造的。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "227 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v Birmingham City University", "url": "/documents/1672/Ndaryiyumvire-v-Birmingham-City-University_UK_14_October_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used LEAP legal software in proceedings before the County Court (Birmingham). Fabricated: Case Law | Application cited 'Qureshi v Qureshi [1998] 1 WLR 174' as authority for amendments; court found no such authority exists and the citation was fictitious (the cited neutral citation corresponds to an unrelated case). Outcome: Wasted costs order; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v 伯明翰城市大学", "description_zh": "律师在伯明翰郡法院的诉讼中使用了 LEAP 法律软件。捏造：判例法|申请引用“Qureshi v Qureshi [1998] 1 WLR 174”作为修改授权；法院发现不存在这样的权威，并且该引文是虚构的（所引用的中立引文对应于一个不相关的案件）。结果：浪费成本订单；酒吧推荐。", "court": "County Court (Birmingham)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "LEAP legal software", "outcome": "Wasted costs order; Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Digital Regulation Cooperation Forum launches inquiry into Agentic AI regulatory challenges", "url": "https://www.drcf.org.uk/news-and-events/news/call-for-views-agentic-ai-and-regulatory-challenges", "description": "Primary source (drcf.org.uk) dated 10 October 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字监管合作论坛启动对Agentic AI监管挑战的调查", "description_zh": "英国数字监管合作论坛（DRCF）已开启咨询，作为对 Agentic AI 监管挑战调查的一部分。代理人工智能包括能够在没有人类直接提示的情况下自主决策和发起行动的人工智能系统。 DRCF 旨在收集有关企业在开发或部署 Agentic AI 时面临的实际挑战和监管不确定性的信息，特别是在责任、数据保护和版权方面。 DRCF 旨在评估现有法规如何影响创新，确定有用的非正式指导形式，研究金融和法律等领域的特定部门问题，并考虑未来潜在的风险和机遇。磋商将于 2025 年 11 月 6 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "9 October 2025", "title": "Mr M Peters v Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/20th-uk-ai-hallucinations/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Employment Tribunals (Cambridge). Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated report for 'Nally v Freshfield Care ET/2401774/14' could not be produced on request and could not be verified; tribunal concluded the summary was unreliable and possibly fabricated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M Peters 先生诉驾驶员和车辆标准局", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭（剑桥）的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|人工智能生成的“Nally v Freshfield Care ET/2401774/14”报告无法根据要求生成，也无法验证；仲裁庭得出结论，该摘要不可靠，可能是捏造的。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (Cambridge)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "UK and Malaysia elevate regional AI partnership to drive growth", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-elevates-regional-ai-partnership-to-drive-growth", "description": "The UK is partnering with Malaysia to host the UK-ASEAN AI Innovation Summit in Kuala Lumpur.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和马来西亚加强区域人工智能合作伙伴关系以推动增长", "description_zh": "英国和马来西亚在吉隆坡共同主办了英国-东盟人工智能创新峰会，这是英国与马来西亚在担任东盟轮值主席国期间最重要的活动。为期三天的峰会有来自政府、学术界、工业界和民间社会的 120 多名代表参加，旨在推进人工智能 (AI) 领域的共同优先事项，以支持东盟的战略目标和国家人工智能生态系统。讨论的重点是促进英国和东盟企业之间的商业和创新伙伴关系，通过人工智能解决方案提高公共服务效率，以及促进符合东盟负责任人工智能路线图的道德人工智能实施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "UK MHRA and US DFA to forge new collaboration on medical technologies and AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/patients-to-benefit-as-uk-and-us-regulators-forge-new-collaboration-on-medical-technologies-and-ai#:~:text=The%20UK's%20Medicines%20and%20Healthcare,transatlantic%20barriers%20to%20market%20access.", "description": "Enhanced collaboration with the US on med tech regulation, with accelerated innovation, strengthened patient safety, and reduced transatlantic barriers to market access.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 MHRA 和美国 DFA 将在医疗技术和人工智能领域开展新合作", "description_zh": "英国药品和保健产品监管局 (MHRA) 与美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 将加强合作，以加速创新、加强患者安全并减少医疗技术和人工智能方面的跨大西洋壁垒。其中包括成立由两国专家组成的 MHRA 国家人工智能委员会，以指导人工智能在医疗保健领域的安全和透明使用。此外，新的国际信赖途径将促进 FDA 等值得信赖的监管机构批准的医疗器械更快地进入英国市场。这些举措旨在协调法规并加快患者获得尖端医疗技术的速度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "UK data watchdog shares its own AI use policy to help guide companies", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/4ojobuwe/internal-ai-use-policy.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ico.org.uk) dated 7 October 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国数据监管机构分享自己的人工智能使用政策以帮助指导公司", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室在公共领域发布了自己的内部人工智能使用政策，希望给企业带来对人工智能的“信心和监管确定性”。该内部文件最初于 2025 年 8 月与所有 ICO 员工分享，考虑了使用人工智能的风险和机遇，并就影响评估、绩效监控和透明度问题提供了实用指导。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "AK v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/901/UI2025002918.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds of appeal cited 'R (Goudey) v SSHD [2012] EWHC 567 (Admin)'; Judge found the authority does not exist and treated it as another example of AI-generated false citation. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AK 诉 内政大臣", "description_zh": "律师在上级法庭的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|上诉理由引用“R (Goudey) v SSHD [2012] EWHC 567 (Admin)”；法官发现该权威并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成虚假引用的另一个例子。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "ANPV & SAPV v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/884/UI-2025-003373___UI-2025-003374.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Microsoft Copilot in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds cited a Honduras country guidance decision that does not exist; judge found the MN Honduras CG [2016] authority fabricated. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPV & SAPV 诉 内政大臣", "description_zh": "律师在上级法庭的诉讼中使用了 Microsoft Copilot。捏造：判例法|理由引用了洪都拉​​斯国家指导决定，但该决定并不存在；法官认定 MN Honduras CG [2016] 权威捏造。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft Copilot", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "UK establishes new commission to help accelerate NHS use of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-commission-to-help-accelerate-nhs-use-of-ai", "description": "New National Commission unites clinical leaders, patient advocates and leading tech firms to make the NHS the most AI-enabled healthcare system in world", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国成立新委员会以帮助加速 NHS 对人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "英国成立了一个新的国家委员会 - 英国国家医疗保健人工智能监管委员会 - 通过向药品和医疗保健产品监管机构 (MHRA) 提供有关更新监管框架的建议，加速将人工智能纳入 NHS，预计将于 2026 年修订规则手册。该委员会由来自主要科技公司的专家、临床医生、研究人员和患者权益倡导者组成，旨在加快人工智能工具的安全采用，例如医生的人工智能助手和远程监控系统，以加强患者护理和运营效率。该举措是政府实现 NHS 现代化并将英国定位为医疗保健创新领导者的更广泛战略的一部分。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "UK government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-government-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-government-of-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-north", "description": "Official source record dated 18 September 2025 for United Kingdom concerning US and UK signed memorandum of understanding on Technology Prosperity Deal, covering AI. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国和英国签署技术繁荣协议谅解备忘录，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "美国和英国政府签署了关于技术繁荣协议的谅解备忘录（MoU）。该谅解备忘录适用于人工智能、民用核能、聚变、量子技术、6G 和先进电信领域的私营部门参与者和研究机构。它为联合研究、共享基础设施、标准制定、人工智能政策调整、商业伙伴关系、劳动力发展、安全供应链和出口促进制定了框架。谅解备忘录还规定，将在六个月内成立部长级工作组，并每年进行讨论评估进展情况。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "UK House of Commons Treasury Committee opened inquiry into big tech companies on use of AI in financial services", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/49556/documents/264019/default/", "description": "Primary source (committees.parliament.uk) dated 17 September 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国下议院财政部委员会对大型科技公司在金融服务中使用人工智能的情况展开调查", "description_zh": "英国下议院财政委员会已就人工智能在金融服务中的使用情况对亚马逊网络服务、Anthropic、谷歌云、Meta、微软、OpenAI 展开调查。调查重点是人工智能、审计系统、透明度、偏见预防、停电准备和市场波动风险缓解的影响。调查还要求提供与英格兰银行和金融行为监管局互动的详细信息，以及被指定为关键第三方的影响。该调查还征求了对与技术无关的监管、拟议的人工智能（监管）法案的影响以及英国人工智能监管建议的意见。调查将于 2025 年 10 月 1 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Data protection authorities adopted joint statement on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protecting AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/files/New_JointStatementonDataGovernance_Signed.pdf", "description": "Primary source (pcpd.org.hk) dated 17 September 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护机构通过关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "来自澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、法国、德国、香港、爱尔兰、意大利、韩国、荷兰、新西兰、卢森堡、西班牙和英国等二十 (20) 个数据保护机构通过了关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展。该声明认识到人工智能的机遇和风险，包括歧视、错误信息和不当数据使用带来的幻觉，并强调通过设计、强有力的治理和透明度嵌入隐私。该声明致力于澄清人工智能训练数据的合法依据，并交换有关相应安全措施的信息。它还侧重于通过非政府组织、公共当局、学术界和企业的贡献来监测技术和社会影响，并通过监管沙箱和最佳实践共享减少法律不确定性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "DIST publishes policy paper on third party AI assurance market", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/trusted-third-party-ai-assurance-roadmap/trusted-third-party-ai-assurance-roadmap#challenges-for-a-trusted-third-party-assurance-market", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DIST 发布第三方人工智能保障市场政策文件", "description_zh": "在对英国第三方人工智能保障市场进行调查后，英国科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 发布了一份政策文件，概述了其支持该行业的计划。该论文指出了关键挑战，包括确保质量、培养熟练的劳动力以及提供有关人工智能系统的足够信息。为了解决这些问题，政府正在召集人工智能保障联盟，制定道德准则和技能框架，并建立人工智能保障创新基金。 DSIT 探索了三种潜在的干预途径：通过认证或注册实现行业专业化、带有质量标志的保证流程认证以及保证公司的认证。该政策文件详细介绍了每种方法的优缺点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Kuzniar v General Dental Council", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/false-citations-ai-hallucinations-uk-2/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Employment Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant's skeleton arguments and authority bundles contained 15 authorities identified by Respondent as non-existent (mixes of real names and non-existent citations); Respondent could not locate them. Outcome: Tribunal declined to award costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库兹尼亚尔诉牙科总委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告的基本论点和权威包包含被诉人认为不存在的 15 个权威（真实姓名和不存在的引用的混合）；受访者无法找到它们。结果：仲裁庭拒绝判给费用。", "court": "Employment Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Tribunal declined to award costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "MS (Bangladesh)", "url": "/documents/806/305.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Immigration and Asylum Chamber. Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds of appeal cited a non-existent Court of Appeal authority 'Y (China)' as though it dealt with undue weight on delay; Tribunal found the case does not exist and was generated by ChatGPT. Outcome: Referred to the Bar Standards Board for investigation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "女士（孟加拉国）", "description_zh": "律师在移民和庇护分庭的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|上诉理由引用了一个不存在的上诉法院机构“Y（中国）”，好像它处理的是对拖延的不当重视；仲裁庭发现该案件不存在，是由 ChatGPT 生成的。结果：提交律师标准委员会进行调查。", "court": "Immigration and Asylum Chamber", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referred to the Bar Standards Board for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Holloway v Beckles", "url": "/documents/1103/The_Framptons_UK_12_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the First-tier Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal noted the fake cases were cited alongside some genuine authorities, but the fabricated citations amounted to unreasonable conduct for costs purposes. Outcome: Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍洛威 v 贝克尔斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在一级法庭的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|法庭指出，这些虚假案件与一些真正的权威机构一起被引用，但出于成本目的，捏造的引用构成不合理行为。结果：成本订单。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "750 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 July 2025", "title": "UK Ministry of Justice unveils AI action plan for justice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-action-plan-for-justice/ai-action-plan-for-justice", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国司法部公布人工智能司法行动计划", "description_zh": "英国司法部公布了人工智能司法行动计划，旨在负责任地将人工智能整合到法院、法庭、监狱、缓刑和相关服务中，以提高效率和可及性。该计划重点关注三个战略重点：通过改善治理、道德和基础设施来加强基础；通过有针对性的、高影响力的应用程序嵌入人工智能；投资于人员和合作伙伴关系以促进创新和能力。早期的实施包括用于自动化日常任务、优化资源调度、个性化康复计划和改进决策流程的人工智能工具。该倡议强调在人工智能采用过程中维护公众信任、保障人权和维护法治。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "The Father v The Mother", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-hallucinations-and-or-fabricated-citations/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Father's written application cited multiple authorities relating to ASD which HHJ Bailey concluded were not genuine and appeared to have been generated by AI; judge noted the Father 'relied upon faked cases' without checking veracity. Outcome: Costs awarded against the Father (partly for relying on faked cases)..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "父亲诉母亲", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|父亲的书面申请引用了与自闭症谱系障碍相关的多个权威机构，HHJ Bailey 认为这些权威机构并不真实，似乎是由人工智能生成的；法官指出，神父“依赖伪造的案件”，而没有检查真实性。结果：向父亲支付费用（部分是因为依赖伪造的案件）。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs awarded against the Father (partly for relying on faked cases).", "monetary_penalty": "5900 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 July 2025", "title": "Chanda v Royal Mail Group Ltd", "url": "/documents/1514/Chanda_v._Royal_Mail_UK_2_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Employment Tribunal. Misrepresented: Case Law | Tribunal could not find the case or the propositions relied on; claimant accepted the propositions cited could not be found.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Chanda 诉 皇家邮政集团有限公司", "description_zh": "律师在就业法庭出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到案件或所依据的主张；申诉人接受的所引主张未能找到。", "court": "Employment Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 July 2025", "title": "UK and Indonesia publish joint report on AI policy dialogue", "url": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/369413/indonesia-uk-launch-dialogue-report-guiding-ai-policy-making", "description": "The governments of Indonesia and the United Kingdom on Monday launched the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy Dialogue Country Report as part of a joint ...", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国和印度尼西亚发布人工智能政策对话联合报告", "description_zh": "印度尼西亚和英国政府发布了《人工智能政策对话国家报告》，作为研究人工智能采用和制定相关政策的共同努力的一部分。该报告是两国签署的关于数字化转型的双边谅解备忘录的成果。该报告总结了跨部门利益相关者（包括行业参与者、学者、政府官员和社区代表）在密集会议上讨论的要点。该报告可作为确定人工智能在数字服务、数字基础设施、数据管理、数字人才、数字生态系统以及道德和包容性等六个关键领域的基本需求、挑战和影响的参考。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "HMRC v. Gunnarson", "url": "/documents/644/HMRC_v._Gunnarson_UK_23_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber). Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s skeleton cited a non-existent FTT authority said to show HMRC’s SEISS guidance was unclear; UT records HMRC checked and the case does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国税务海关总署诉冈纳森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在上级法庭（税务和衡平法庭）的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|受访者的骨架引用了一个不存在的 FTT 机构，据说这表明 HMRC 的 SEISS 指导不明确； UT 记录经 HMRC 检查，该案件不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "UK government source on AI governance", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6878b4b80263c35f52e4dce2/Digital_violence_real_world_harm_evaluating_survivor_centric_tools_for_intimate_image_abuse_in_the_age_of_generative_AI.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 21 July 2025 for United Kingdom concerning UK government departments publish report on survivor-centric tools for AI driven intimate image abuse. See the linked assets.publishing.service.gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府部门发布了关于以幸存者为中心的人工智能驱动的亲密图像滥用工具的报告", "description_zh": "英国外交、联邦和发展办公室以及科学、创新和技术部发布了一份关于以幸存者为中心的人工智能驱动的亲密图像滥用工具的报告。该报告适用于生成人工智能公司、社交媒体和通信平台、非政府组织和监管机构。该报告强调，生成式人工智能降低了有害内容创建的障碍，并呼吁采取以幸存者为中心、设计安全的方法。主要建议包括主动模型测试、红队和水印，以防止亲密图像滥用、用户教育和减少耻辱。它还侧重于标准化以儿童性虐待材料工作和幸存者友好工具为模型的跨平台报告和协作，包括默认安全功能和透明的报告机制。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "UK adopts Compute roadmap, committing £2 billion to AI compute infrastructure", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6878b5dda52cca025ef5bd87/uk_compute_roadmap_web_accessible.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 17 July 2025 for United Kingdom concerning UK adopts Compute roadmap, committing £2 billion to AI compute infrastructure. See the linked assets.publishing.service.gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Compute", "Chips & Data Centres" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国采用计算路线图，投入 20 亿英镑用于人工智能计算基础设施", "description_zh": "英国科学、创新和技术部采用了计算路线图，承诺到 2030 年投入 20 亿英镑，建设主权、可持续和世界一流的人工智能计算基础设施。该计划适用于人工智能开发商、数据中心运营商和研究机构，旨在通过建立国家超级计算中心和人工智能增长区，到 2030 年将英国人工智能数据中心容量增加两倍，达到至少 6 吉瓦。主要措施包括在爱丁堡建造一台新的国家超级计算机、扩大人工智能研究资源、推广包括可再生能源和先进核能在内的低碳能源解决方案、支持英国的计算创新以及确保安全、任务驱动的计算分配。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "International network of AI safety institutes align approaches on agentic AI evaluations", "url": "https://sgaisi.sg/wp-api/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/International-Joint-Testing-Exercise_3JT-Eval-Report-v2.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sgaisi.sg) dated 17 July 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能安全机构的国际网络统一了代理人工智能评估方法", "description_zh": "来自整个国际网络的参与者，包括来自新加坡、日本、澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟委员会、法国、肯尼亚、韩国和英国的代表齐聚一堂，调整他们的代理评估方法。这是第三次演习，基于网络于 2024 年 11 月和 2025 年 2 月进行的两次联合测试演习的见解。这些演习的目的是让网络进一步完善测试先进人工智能系统的最佳实践。第三次练习的目标是推进人工智能代理评估的科学性，并致力于构建测试人工智能代理的通用最佳实践。此次演习分为两部分——常见风险：敏感信息泄露和欺诈（由新加坡 AISI 牵头）和网络安全（由英国 AISI 牵头）。根据各种公共代理基准的任务评估了开放式和封闭式权重模型的组合。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "14 July 2025", "title": "PS v London Borough of Wandsworth", "url": "/documents/1272/PS_v._Wandsworth_UK_11_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Upper Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'R (L) v Devon County Council [2011] UKUT 192 (AAC)', which the Tribunal found does not exist; judge noted it may be an AI-generated fabrication.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PS v 旺兹沃思伦敦自治市", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在上级法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“R (L) v Devon County Council [2011] UKUT 192 (AAC)”，但仲裁庭认为其不存在；法官指出这可能是人工智能制造的。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "UK Ofcom publishs discussion paper on attribution measures to combat harmful deepfakes", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/online-safety/information-for-industry/deepfake-defences-2/deepfake-defences-2---the-attribution-toolkit.pdf?v=399908", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 11 July 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 Ofcom 发布关于打击有害深度造假的归因措施的讨论文件", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份关于打击有害深度造假的归因措施的讨论文件。该论文 (1) 重点关注参与合成视听内容的创建、分发和审核的数字平台和人工智能开发人员，包括构成欺诈、诽谤和虚假信息等伤害风险的深度伪造内容； (2) 检查四种归因措施，包括水印、出处元数据、人工智能标签和上下文注释，旨在解决数字平台上有害的深度伪造行为； (3) 强调这些工具如何帮助用户识别误导性内容并帮助平台进行审核； (4) 指出挑战，包括删除风险、用户误解和不一致的标准； (5) 强调将这些措施与人工智能分类器和人工智能模型红队等其他干预措施相结合的重要性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Various Leaseholders v Assethold Limited", "url": "/documents/1104/Napier_House_LU1_1DU_Appeal_UK_7_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Property Chamber. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Petzl v Avison [2014] UKUT 0065 (LC)'; tribunal could not find this case and noted it may be inauthentic.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "各承租人诉 Assethold Limited", "description_zh": "律师出庭审理财产分庭。捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Petzl v Avison [2014] UKUT 0065 (LC)”；仲裁庭无法找到该案件，并指出该案件可能不真实。", "court": "Property Chamber", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "UK and Singapore collaborate on AI for digital finance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/10th-uk-singapore-financial-dialogue-july-2025-joint-statement/10th-uk-singapore-financial-dialogue-july-2025-joint-statement", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和新加坡合作开发数字金融人工智能", "description_zh": "在第十届英国-新加坡金融对话上，新加坡金融管理局（MAS）和英国金融行为监管局（FCA）讨论了人工智能在金融服务领域的采用，包括当前趋势、新兴用例、采用障碍以及各自的人工智能监管方法。此外，FCA和MAS同意在人工智能领域开展联合合作，重点分享创新的人工智能解决方案，并就跨境人工智能发展进行讨论。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "FRC publishes landmark guidance providing clarity to audit profession on the uses of AI", "url": "https://www.frc.org.uk/news-and-events/news/2025/06/frc-publishes-landmark-guidance-providing-clarity-to-audit-profession-on-the-uses-of-ai/", "description": "The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has published its first guidance on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in audit, alongside a thematic review of the six largest firms’ processes to certify new technology used in audits.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FRC 发布具有里程碑意义的指南，为审计行业明确人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "英国公司治理监管机构财务报告委员会 (FRC) 发布了第一份关于在审计中使用人工智能的指南，同时对六家最大的公司验证审计中使用的新技术的流程进行了专题审查。随着人工智能工具继续在审计中使用，这份新指南概述了实施假设的人工智能工具的连贯方法，并提供了对 FRC 文档要求的见解，所有这些都旨在支持整个审计行业的创新。该指南是与 FRC 技术工作组合作制定的，该工作组汇集了审计行业的许多技术专家。该指南应为审计师和审计公司的中央团队在工作中开发和使用人工智能工具提供支持，同时也为第三方技术提供商提供对其客户群的监管期望。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "UK Treasury Committee hears evidence on use of AI in financial services", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/event/24606/formal-meeting-oral-evidence-session/", "description": "MPs will hear from leading academics specialising in artificial intelligence as part of the Treasury Committee’s inquiry into AI in financial services.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国财政部委员会听取有关在金融服务中使用人工智能的证据", "description_zh": "英国财政委员会听取了专家小组关于在金融服务中使用人工智能的潜在影响的证据。该小组由 Sandra Wachter 教授（牛津大学）、Neil Lawrence 教授（剑桥大学）和 Galina Andreeva 教授（爱丁堡大学）组成。值得注意的是，记录表明，该小组建议监管机构在金融服务中使用人工智能时需要“改变心态”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 June 2025", "title": "CMA proposes to designate Google with 'strategic market status' in search market (covering AI search)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-takes-first-steps-to-improve-competition-in-search-services-in-the-uk", "description": "The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is today proposing to designate Google with 'strategic market status' (SMS) in general search and search advertising.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA提议指定谷歌在搜索市场（涵盖人工智能搜索）具有“战略市场地位”", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布，在对谷歌在英国搜索市场的主导地位所带来的挑战进行调查后，提议指定谷歌在一般搜索和搜索广告领域具有“战略市场地位”。这一地位的影响是，它将赋予 CMA 更大的权力来干预搜索服务。这一指定的最终决定将于 2025 年 10 月做出。与此同时，CMA 发布了一份路线图，列出了 Google 可能采取的早期行动，以改善消费者和企业的结果，例如要求用户通过选择屏幕访问不同的搜索提供商（可能包括人工智能助手）；确保出现在 Google 搜索上的企业的公平排名原则；为内容出现在搜索结果中的发布商提供更多透明度和控制权；消费者搜索数据的可移植性，以支持新产品和服务的创新。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "UK releases Industrial Strategy, covering AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-strategy", "description": "Strategy document setting out a new economic approach to backing the UK’s strengths, with ambitious plans for 8 high-growth sectors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国发布产业战略，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了工业战略，制定了一项十年计划，将英国定位为全球技术增长和创新的引擎——日益受到尖端研究的推动。特别是，它的目标是在英国人工智能行动计划之前承诺的 20 亿英镑基础上，使英国成为“人工智能制造者，而不是人工智能接受者”。人工智能的具体方面包括：（1）5亿英镑的主权人工智能部门，旨在“最大化英国在前沿人工智能领域的份额”，与英国商业银行合作投资数据、计算和人才以提高英国人工智能能力，并与初创公司和大型组织合作； （2）产业战略人工智能采用基金，将促进具有高增长潜力的企业发展尖端人工智能； (3) 一个新的 6 亿英镑战略站点加速器，旨在加快更多人工智能增长区的开发，这些增长区对数据中心的规划限制有所放宽。该产业战略还涉及量子、半导体和网络安全。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc", "url": "/documents/586/June_Ralph_v._Pro_Health_UK_20_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant; Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Intellectual Property Office. False Quotes: Case Law | Grounds of appeal included a purported quote not found in the cited decision (instance 1 of 3). Outcome: Warning; No costs awarded for the appeal since both sides seemingly erred.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼当事人；律师在知识产权局的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假引述：判例法|上诉理由包括在所引用的决定中未找到的据称引述（3 例中的第 1 例）。结果：警告；由于双方似乎都犯了错误，因此上诉没有支付任何费用。", "court": "Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Pro Se Litigant; Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning; No costs awarded for the appeal since both sides seemingly erred", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 June 2025", "title": "UB v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/1673/UI-2025-000834_UK_18_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber). Fabricated: Case Law | Draft Grounds contained references to a number of authorities that did not exist; the tribunal identified the non-existent authorities and raised concerns.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布法罗大学诉内政部大臣", "description_zh": "律师在上级法庭（移民和庇护分庭）的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|理由草案中提到了一些并不存在的当局；法庭指出了不存在的当局并提出了关切。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 June 2025", "title": "UK and Canada issue joint statement enhancing collaboration, covering AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-between-the-prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom-and-the-prime-minister-of-canada", "description": "This Joint Statement follows the meeting of the Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom and Canada on 15 June 2025.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和加拿大发表联合声明加强合作，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大总理发表联合声明，宣布加强贸易、科学、技术和创新领域的合作。除其他外，两国同意（1）探索在主权人工智能基础设施开发方面的合作； (2) 深化和探索前沿人工智能系统的新合作，以支持我们的国家安全（包括加强加拿大人工智能安全研究所和英国人工智能安全研究所之间现有的人工智能安全合作的合作协议，以及加拿大和英国与加拿大领先人工智能公司 Cohere 签署的新谅解备忘录）。根据加拿大谅解备忘录，Cohere 将与加拿大人工智能安全研究所合作，并致力于在加拿大建设尖端数据中心。根据英国谅解备忘录，Cohere 将扩大其在英国的业务，以支持英国人工智能机会行动计划的实施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 June 2025", "title": "Data (Use and Access) Bill passes parliament, awaiting royal assent", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3825", "description": "Current version of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 with latest news, sponsors, and progress through Houses", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据（使用和访问）法案通过议会，等待皇室同意", "description_zh": "数据（使用和访问）法案已通过英国议会两院，目前正在等待皇室批准。争论不休的人工智能和版权提案最终被放弃，妥协是国务卿承诺起草立法，规定版权所有者使用受版权保护的作品训练人工智能模型的透明度。与此同时，英国政府同意在该法案获得御准后九个月内发布一份关于其版权和人工智能提案的报告，包括关于执法和在国外训练的人工智能模型的报告，并将在六个月内发布一份中期报告。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "UK Prime Minister underscores AI in speech at London Tech Week 2025", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/prime-ministers-remarks-at-london-tech-week-2025-monday-9-june", "description": "Thank you so much. It’s really fantastic to stand here and look out and see so many people in this room—to get a real sense of the energy, the commitment, and the professionalism, the entrepreneurial spirit that we have here.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国首相在 2025 年伦敦科技周演讲中强调人工智能", "description_zh": "在 2025 年伦敦科技周上，英国首相凯尔·斯塔默发表演讲，表示技术和人工智能对于英国经济增长、改善公共服务和全球领导力的雄心壮志至关重要。斯塔默总理 (1) 强调了人工智能在医疗保健和国防等领域的变革性影响； (2) 宣布投资 10 亿英镑大幅提高英国的计算能力，同时与大公司建立新的合作伙伴关系，到 2030 年为 750 万名工人提供人工智能技能培训； (3) 强调政府与行业合作、监管改革以及为全国年轻人和社区提供包容性机会的重要性； (4) 强调他致力于使英国成为稳定、有吸引力的科技投资目的地； (5) 强调利用人工智能应该改善生活、创造就业机会，并确保每个孩子都能憧憬科技的未来。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 June 2025", "title": "ICO unveils comprehensive strategy to regulate AI and biometrics", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/our-information/our-strategies-and-plans/artificial-intelligence-and-biometrics-strategy", "description": "Artificial intelligence (AI) 1 is fast becoming part of everyday life. It shapes how decisions are made, how services are delivered and, through biometric technologies, how people are identified. AI’s adaptability, scalability and ability to solve complex problems promises advances across science, public services and the economy.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 推出监管人工智能和生物识别技术的综合战略", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室（ICO）发布了一项全面的新战略，概述了如何监管人工智能和生物识别技术，重点关注警察面部识别和公共服务和招聘中的自动决策（ADM）系统等高风险用例。根据该战略，除了更新人工智能和ADM的指南和制定法定的实践守则外，ICO还将发布指南并审核警察使用面部识别技术的情况，以确保遵守数据保护法，并通过与行业合作、发布报告和制定严格的标准来主动应对新兴的人工智能风险，例如代理人工智能和推断主观特征的系统，以维护人民的权利和建立公众信任。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Ayinde v. Haringey & Al-Haroun v. QNB", "url": "/documents/466/Ayinde_v._Haringey__Al-Haroun_v._QNB_UK_6_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited: El Gendi; Court found no such case exists and that the neutral citation belonged to an unrelated case about business rates. Outcome: No contempt, but referral to professional bodies.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ayinde 诉 Haringey & Al-Haroun 诉 QNB", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|引用捏造案例：El Gendi；法院发现不存在此类案件，并且中性引用属于与商业利率无关的案件。结果：没有蔑视，但转介给专业机构。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No contempt, but referral to professional bodies", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Ofcom publishes approach to AI governance", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom/annual-reports-and-plans/supporting-and-harnessing-ai-innovation-safely", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 6 June 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 发布人工智能治理方法", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份报告，介绍其在其监管的行业（包括在线平台、广播公司和电信公司）支持人工智能安全创新和使用的方法。报告指出：（1）Ofcom旨在为创新创造条件，同时降低风险以保护消费者，并表示其做法是支持增长、保护公众，并在人工智能的使用中以身作则； （2）Ofcom的监管总体上是技术中立的，允许受监管的企业灵活部署人工智能； (3) 支持人工智能创新的举措包括使用 Digital Catapult 运行用于 Open RAN 测试床的 SONIC 实验室、为人工智能模型训练提供大数据集，以及通过数字监管合作论坛 (DRCF) 与竞争和市场管理局 (CMA)、信息专员办公室 (ICO) 和金融行为监管局 (FCA) 等机构合作； (4) 为了减轻风险，特别是像深度假货这样的消费者伤害，Ofcom 正在实施并开始执行《在线安全法》，包括“设计安全”规则，要求平台删除非法人工智能生成的内容并评估服务变更的风险； (5) 在内部，Ofcom 正在尝试使用人工智能来提高生产力和流程，例如简化广播内容的翻译、定制用于咨询响应的文本摘要以及改进频谱规划，在全组织范围内推广之前采用安全第一的方法。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 June 2025", "title": "UK House of Lords propose revised amendment to the Data (Use and Access) Bill", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/59-01/0253/240253.pdf", "description": "Primary source (publications.parliament.uk) dated 3 June 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国上议院提议对数据（使用和访问）法案进行修订", "description_zh": "上议院提出了对《数据（使用和访问）法案》的修订案，要求英国政府发布一份包含立法提案的法案草案，以向版权所有者提供有关使用其版权作品作为相关交易者提供的人工智能模型的数据输入的透明度（而不是直接将透明度要求插入到该具体法案中）。该法案现在返回下议院。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "3 June 2025", "title": "House of Commons reject revised amendment to Data (Use and Access) Bill", "url": "https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2025-06-03/debates/FD07315D-5DB5-427C-A4F1-731CAA8CB699/Data(UseAndAccess)Bill(Lords)", "description": "Statement and bringing forward of a draft Bill: copyright infringement, AI models, and transparency over inputs", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下议院拒绝数据（使用和访问）法案的修订修正案", "description_zh": "下议院拒绝了上议院对《数据（使用和访问）法案》提出的修订案，该修正案要求英国政府发布一份关于版权侵权、人工智能模型和输入透明度的新法案草案。该法案现在返回上议院。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "US, UK, Australia and New Zealand jointly release guidance on AI data security", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2025/May/22/2003720601/-1/-1/0/CSI_AI_DATA_SECURITY.PDF", "description": "Primary source (media.defense.gov) dated 23 May 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美英澳新西兰联合发布人工智能数据安全指南", "description_zh": "美国国家安全局人工智能安全中心 (NSA AISC)、网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA)、联邦调查局 (FBI)、澳大利亚信号局澳大利亚网络安全中心 (ASD’s ACSC)、新西兰国家网络安全中心 (NCSC-NZ) 和英国国家网络安全中心 (NCSC-UK) 发布了关于在整个人工智能生命周期中保护数据的联合指南。该指南解决了数据中毒、供应链漏洞和“数据漂移”（即运行人工智能系统的输入数据的基础统计属性发生变化，从而随着时间的推移，输入数据与其原始状态显着不同）等关键风险。该指南提供了有关数据管理、数据质量测试以及输入和输出监控的缓解策略。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "House of Commons block amendment to Data (Use and Access) Bill", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/59-01/0248/240248.pdf", "description": "Primary source (publications.parliament.uk) dated 22 May 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下议院阻止对数据（使用和访问）法案的修正案", "description_zh": "下议院再次拒绝了数据（使用和访问）法案的修正案，该法案要求人工智能公司披露其对受版权保护内容的使用情况。该法案返回上议院。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "China and UK hold dialogue in Beijing, vowing to enhance exchange on global AI governance", "url": "https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/wjdt_674879/sjxw_674887/202505/t20250520_11629125.shtml", "description": "2025å¹´5月20æ—¥ï¼Œä¸­è‹±äººå·¥æ™ºèƒ½å¯¹è¯åœ¨åŒ—äº¬ä¸¾è¡Œã€‚å¤–äº¤éƒ¨å†›æŽ§å¸å¸é•¿å­™æ™“æ³¢å’Œè‹±å›½å¤–äº¤å‘å±•éƒ¨ç§‘æŠ€å¸å¸é•¿ç¼æ–¯å ±åŒä¸»æŒï¼Œå›½å®¶å‘å±•æ”¹é©å§”ã€ç§‘æŠ€éƒ¨ã€å·¥ä¸šå’Œä¿¡æ¯åŒ–éƒ¨ã€å›½å®¶ç½‘ä¿¡åŠžåŠè‹±å›½ç§‘å­¦åˆ›æ–°å’ŒæŠ€æœ¯éƒ¨ã€å† é˜åŠžå ¬å®¤ã€å•†ä¸šè´¸æ˜“éƒ¨ã€é©»åŽä½¿é¦†å®˜å‘˜ç­‰å‚åŠ ã€‚", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中英在京举行对话会加强全球人工智能治理交流", "description_zh": "在北京举行的2025年中关村论坛上，中英两国就人工智能带来的机遇和挑战以及各自在该领域的国家政策进行了高层对话。双方（1）表示支持继续加强交流互鉴和务实合作，促进两国人工智能健康、安全、有序发展； （二）同意就全球人工智能治理保持沟通和协调，（三）承诺共同落实联合国未来峰会通过的全球数字契约和子孙后代宣言，帮助发展中国家加强能力建设，确保人工智能发展普惠性和包容性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "House of Lords approves new amendment to Data (Use and Access) Bill, reintroducing transparency requirements", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3825", "description": "Current version of Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 with latest news, sponsors, and progress through Houses", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上议院批准数据（使用和访问）法案的新修正案，重新引入透明度要求", "description_zh": "英国上议院批准了数据（使用和访问）法案的新修正案，该修正案重新引入透明度要求，以确保人工智能开发人员向版权所有者提供信息，以便他们能够确定其材料是否已用于人工智能。该修正案由 Beeban Kidron 男爵夫人提出，并以 287 票对 118 票获得上议院批准。该法案现在返回下议院。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 May 2025", "title": "UK AI Security Institute publishes research agenda", "url": "https://www.aisi.gov.uk/research-agenda", "description": "View AISI grants. The AI Security Institute is a directorate of the Department of Science, Innovation, and Technology that facilitates rigorous research to enable advanced AI governance.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所发布研究议程", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所发布了其研究议程报告，其中列出了重点关注领域、招聘优先事项以及未来的研究方向。特定领域的研究领域包括网络滥用、军民两用科学风险、犯罪滥用、自主系统风险、社会复原力风险和人类影响风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "UK House of Common blocks amendment to Data (Use and Access) Bill, returning it to House of Lords", "url": "https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2025-05-14/debates/F7244EC8-9A9C-4D6B-B18E-4AB0A7529638/Data(UseAndAccess)Bill(Lords)", "description": "I must draw the House’s attention to the fact that Lords amendment 49B, the Lords disagreement with the Commons in Commons amendment 52 and Lords amendments 52B and 52C engage Commons financial privilege. If any of those Lords amendments are agreed to, I will cause the customary entry waiving Commons financial privilege to be entered in the Journal .", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国下议院阻止对数据（使用和访问）法案的修正案，并将其返回上议院", "description_zh": "下议院议员阻止了数据（使用和访问）法案的修正案，该法案要求人工智能公司披露其对受版权保护内容的使用情况。下议院以 297 票对 168 票赞成通过援引财政特权将上周得到上议院议员支持的修正案从草案文本中删除，这意味着没有可用于新法规的预算。这一策略第三次将该法案送回上议院。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Bandla v. Solicitors Regulation Authority", "url": "/documents/331/Venkateshwarlu_Bandla_v._SRA_UK_May_13_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Google Search (Allegedly) in proceedings before the UK. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited to support mental-health-based extension: R (on the application of Smith) v Parole Board [2005] EWCA Civ 188; SRA could not locate; judge confirmed it does not exist and appellant admitted he never checked. Outcome: Application for extension of time refused; appeal struck out as abuse of process; indemnity costs of £24,727.20 ordered; permission to appeal denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bandla 诉律师监管局", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant（据称）在英国的诉讼中使用了 Google 搜索。捏造：判例法|引用捏造的案例来支持基于心理健康的延期：R（史密斯的申请）诉假释委员会 [2005] EWCA Civ 188； SRA 无法定位；法官确认它不存在，上诉人承认他从未检查过。结果：延期申请被拒绝；上诉因滥用程序而被驳回；订购的赔偿费用为 24,727.20 英镑；上诉许可被拒绝。", "court": "UK", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Google Search (Allegedly)", "outcome": "Application for extension of time refused; appeal struck out as abuse of process; indemnity costs of £24,727.20 ordered; permission to appeal denied", "monetary_penalty": "24727 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (2)", "url": "/documents/449/Crypto_Open_Patent_Alliance_v._Wright_UK_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the UK. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case law authorities in his Court of Appeal permission materials; Arnold LJ noted numerous false references to authority and certified the application TWM. Outcome: General Civil Restraint Order (GCRO) granted for 3 years; Case referred to Attorney General; Costs awarded to applicants..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加密开放专利联盟诉 Wright (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在英国面前。捏造：判例法|在其上诉法院许可材料中引用了不存在的判例法权威； Arnold LJ 指出了许多对权威机构的虚假引用，并认证了该应用程序 TWM。结果：授予 3 年一般民事限制令 (GCRO)；案件移交总检察长；授予申请人的费用..", "court": "UK", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "General Civil Restraint Order (GCRO) granted for 3 years; Case referred to Attorney General; Costs awarded to applicants.", "monetary_penalty": "100000 GBP", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Amendment to Data (Use and Access) Bill approved in House of Lords, now returning to House of Commons", "url": "https://votes.parliament.uk/votes/lords/division/3307", "description": "Baroness Kidron moved Amendment 49A, as an amendment to the motion that this House do agree with the Commons in their Amendment 49, at end to insert “, and do propose Amendment 49B instead of the words so left out of the Bill— 49B Before Clause 138, insert the following new Clause— “Requirement to make provision in relation to transparency of business data used in relation to AI models (1) The Secretary of State or the Treasury must by regulations make provision as set out in this section in relation to a trader which operates a service which— (a) includes the making available of an artificial", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "上议院批准的数据（使用和访问）法案修正案，现返回下议院", "description_zh": "上议院以 272 票对 125 票赞成批准数据（使用和访问）法案修正案，该修正案要求人工智能公司披露其模型中使用了哪些受版权保护的材料。尽管遭到下议院的反对，上议院还是批准了这一提议。该法案现在将返回下议院。如果政府取消该修正案，将为下周上议院再次发生对抗埋下伏笔。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "FCA set to launch live AI testing service", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press-releases/fca-set-launch-live-ai-testing-service", "description": "The FCA is seeking views from firms about how its live AI testing service can help them to deploy safe and responsible AI, which will benefit UK consumers and markets.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCA 将推出实时人工智能测试服务", "description_zh": "英国金融行为监管局 (FCA) 正在推出实时测试服务，作为其人工智能实验室的一部分，以协助企业开发和部署人工智能，解决阻碍人工智能采用的测试差距。这项服务将使企业能够与 FCA 合作，确保其人工智能工具可供使用，同时还为 FCA 提供有关人工智能对英国金融市场潜在影响的见解。该计划旨在为准备实施面向消费者或面向市场的人工智能模型的公司提供监管支持，计划运行 12 至 18 个月，计划于 2025 年 9 月启动。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "UK Office for Science releases updated AI 2030 Scenarios report", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6808fc002a86d6dfb2b52772/AI_2030_Scenarios_Report.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 28 April 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国科学办公室发布最新的人工智能 2030 情景报告", "description_zh": "英国政府科学办公室发布了2024年1月首次发布的《人工智能2030情景》报告的更新版本。该报告探讨了2030年人工智能市场的未来状况以及为政策制定者提供的建议。除其他主题外，报告建议政策制定者：（1）考虑单边行为监管在解决市场动态方面的作用，包括优惠待遇或独家准入等行为，这些行为可能会影响竞争和更广泛的人工智能利益分配； (2) 考虑建立或加强人工智能专业监督机构，以支持安全评估、国际协调和提供技术专业知识； (3) 制定治理框架以支持透明度和公众信心，例如使个人能够理解、质疑或选择退出人工智能驱动的决策，作为开发的一部分。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "27 April 2025", "title": "UK Health Department releases guidance encouraging use of AI in healthcare", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-doctors-assistant-to-speed-up-appointments-a-gamechanger", "description": "Interim trial data shows that the revolutionary technology has dramatically reduced admin.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国卫生部发布鼓励在医疗保健中使用人工智能的指南", "description_zh": "英国卫生和社会保障部发布了指导意见，鼓励使用人工智能工具，在医院和全科医生诊所等一系列初级和二级护理机构中使用人工智能工具，将语音转换为结构化的医疗笔记和信件。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 April 2025", "title": "Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited", "url": "/documents/1675/Goshen_v._Accuro_UK_22_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Employment Tribunals (London, South). Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant relied on an unreferenced authority 'CAPITA v Christou'; the judge was unable to find the case, suggested it might be invented or AI-generated, and declined to apply it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭（伦敦南部）出庭。捏造：判例法|索赔人依赖于未引用的权威机构“CAPITA v Christou”；法官无法找到该案例，认为该案例可能是发明的或人工智能生成的，并拒绝适用。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (London, South)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "UK ministry creates new directorate for AI and analytics", "url": "https://mhclgdigital.blog.gov.uk/2025/04/11/local-digitals-next-steps-with-tom-smith-director-for-artificial-intelligence-and-advanced-analytics/", "description": "Tom Smith, Director of the AI and Advanced Analytics Directorate at MHCLG, highlights the push for AI adoption, digital transformation and cyber resilience in councils, and the exciting opportunities to make progress in these areas through the work of Local", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国部门成立新的人工智能和分析理事会", "description_zh": "英国住房、社区和地方政府部 (MHCLG) 成立了一个新的理事会，负责确定在地方政府服务中扩展人工智能的最佳方法。该理事会合并了 Local Digital，这是 MHCLG 内的一个团队，为地方政府提供数字和网络弹性支持。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "UK government publishes report on British film and TV industry, covering AI", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5901/cmselect/cmcumeds/328/report.html", "description": "1 Q80 [Jay Hunt] and written evidence received for our predecessor Committee’s inquiry into British Film and High-End Television, British Film Institute ( FIL0126 ), paras 1.2, 1.4, November 2023", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府发布英国影视业报告，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "英国政府文化、媒体和体育委员会发布了一份研究英国电影和高端电视（HETV）行业的报告，强调从独立电影制作到内容发行的整个价值链需要政府支持。该报告承认外来投资在行业转型方面取得的成功，但警告不要忽视国内生产和其他重要要素。它建议加强对低成本电影的税收减免，确保英国从英国知识产权中受益，并要求在英国投资的公司加大对具有独特文化的英国内容的支持。此外，该报告还解决了劳动力技能短缺、工作条件恶劣以及人工智能的潜在影响，并提出了保护自由职业者、支持电影院和加强版权框架的措施建议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 April 2025", "title": "AI Energy Council holds inaugural meeting, setting objectives", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-energy-council-to-ensure-uks-energy-infrastructure-ready-for-ai-revolution", "description": "Industry heavyweights from the energy and technology sectors will descend on Whitehall today (8 April) for the first meeting of the UK’s new AI Energy Council.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI能源委员会召开首次会议，制定目标", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布召开新的人工智能能源委员会首次会议，旨在确保国家的人工智能雄心和清洁能源目标协调一致。该委员会于 2025 年 1 月成立，作为政府响应人工智能机会行动计划的一部分。该委员会将研究可再生能源和核能等清洁能源，并就提高人工智能和数据中心基础设施（例如水的使用）的能源效率和可持续性提供建议。该委员会还将采取措施确保人工智能在英国能源网络中的安全采用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Ayinde v. Borough of Haringey", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/300/Ayinde_v._Borough_of_Haringey_UK_High_Court_April_3_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant cited a non-existent High Court case to support a duty to provide interim accommodation; the Court found it does not exist and rejected counsel's explanation. Outcome: Wasted costs order; Partial disallowance of Claimant’s costs; Order to send transcript to Bar Standards Board and Solicitors Regulation Authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "艾因德诉哈林盖自治市", "description_zh": "律师在高等法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的高等法院案例来支持提供临时住宿的义务；法院认为该信息不存在，并驳回了律师的解释。结果：浪费成本订单；部分拒绝索赔人的费用；命令将成绩单发送给律师标准委员会和律师监管局。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Wasted costs order; Partial disallowance of Claimant’s costs; Order to send transcript to Bar Standards Board and Solicitors Regulation Authority", "monetary_penalty": "11000 GBP", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Zzaman v. HMRC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/452/Zzaman_v._HMRC_UK_April_3_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Verify the existence of the case or cite correctly if it exists. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "扎曼诉英国税务海关总署", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 之前。捏造：判例法|验证案例是否存在或正确引用（如果存在）。结果：警告。", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Public Accounts Committee issued report on use of AI in government", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/127/public-accounts-committee/news/206078/uphill-struggle-ahead-for-govts-use-of-ai-as-pac-report-reveals-the-scale-of-the-challenge/", "description": "Out of date tech and poor-quality data put public sector adoption at risk as public trust jeopardised over transparency in use of algorithms.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共账目委员会发布关于政府使用人工智能的报告", "description_zh": "下议院公共账目委员会（PAC）发布了一份题为《政府对人工智能的使用》的报告，该报告审查了英国公共部门采购系统支持竞争性和创新性人工智能供应商市场的能力。该报告的发布是由于利益相关者担心政府采购实践和市场结构过度依赖少数占主导地位的技术供应商，从而降低了灵活性和物有所值。 PAC 报告 (1) 指出，英国政府计划的人工智能采购框架和拟议的数字商业卓越中心可以帮助提高采购能力和响应能力； (2) 敦促 DSIT 和内阁办公室制定明确的战略，说明采购流程如何确保小型供应商的准入，与更广泛的采购目标保持一致，并防止供应商锁定； (3) 强调需要为采购团队配备数字专业知识，以驾驭人工智能领域并维护公共价值。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "UK Technology Secretary and Media Secretary respond to UK AI copyright consultation, indicating no new legislation without \"technical solutions\"", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/47230/documents/244792/default/", "description": "Primary source (committees.parliament.uk) dated 21 March 2025 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国技术大臣和媒体大臣回应英国人工智能版权咨询，表示没有“技术解决方案”就不会制定新立法", "description_zh": "英国科学、创新和技术部大臣（彼得·凯尔）和文化、媒体和体育部大臣（丽莎·南迪）向英国版权和人工智能磋商提交了一封信，指出“对于未来的任何立法，任何文本和数据挖掘例外的实施都取决于是否有可行的权利保留技术解决方案。除非满足这些技术要求，否则政府不会继续进行立法。”", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 March 2025", "title": "UK Government response to Regulatory Horizons Council report on the regulation of AI as a Medical Device", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-as-a-medical-device-government-response-to-the-rhc/the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-as-a-medical-device-government-response-to-the-regulatory-horizons-council", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府对监管视野委员会关于人工智能作为医疗设备监管的报告的回应", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了对监管视野委员会关于人工智能作为医疗设备的报告的回应。政府接受了大多数建议，包括（1）为 MHRA 提供长期资金，（2）加强监管能力，（3）使用“宽松立法”框架，（4）确保制造商减轻人工智能偏见等风险； (5) 加速准入的创新机制，包括上市后证据生成和利益相关者之间的合作。政府原则上接受了进一步的建议，例如（1）要求制造商确保本地部署的安全性以及（2）维持设备撤回的“B 计划”。这些建议都没有被彻底拒绝，但有些建议在目前的实施中存在局限性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "UK government source on Microsoft and OpenAI competition review", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsoft-slash-openai-partnership-merger-inquiry", "description": "Official source record dated 5 March 2025 for United Kingdom concerning CMA closes investigation on Microsoft and OpenAI partnership, finding no merger situation. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA结束对微软与OpenAI合作关系的调查，未发现合并情况", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 得出结论，根据《2002 年企业法》的合并条款，微软与 OpenAI 的合作伙伴关系不符合调查条件。CMA 审查了该合作伙伴关系是否导致了相关合并情况，特别关注微软对 OpenAI 的控制程度是否已从实质性影响转变为事实上的控制。在考虑了现有证据（包括微软的投资、治理参与和计算基础设施的供应）后，CMA 发现控制权没有发生变化。调查认定微软并不控制OpenAI的商业政策，但却施加了重大的实质性影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Private member's bill - the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill - reintroduced to House of Lords", "url": "", "description": "Today in the UK House of Lords I introduced (aka \"first reading\") my private members bill - the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill. We have been here before. I last introduced my #AIBill in November 2023. I thought it was urgent then. It is even more urgent now but the government seems to be going in the opposite direction. Since this AI Bill was last introduced the current government has transitioned from opposition (promising AI regulation in their manifesto) to government (promising AI regulation in the Kings speech) and since then all has gone quiet. The government joined the US in ", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "私人议员法案——《人工智能（监管）法案》——重新提交上议院", "description_zh": "上议院议员里士满霍姆斯勋爵宣布重新向上议院提交其名为“人工智能（监管）法案”的私人议员法案。该法案最初于 2023 年 11 月提出，但随着政府更迭而失效。该法案的特点包括（1）建立一个新的人工智能管理局，该机构将寻求确保不同经济部门的监管机构保持一致，并找出任何监管差距。人工智能管理局还将具有其他职能，包括监控人工智能产生的经济风险、水平扫描开发技术、促进沙盒计划以测试新的人工智能模型，以及对人工智能审计师进行认证； (2) 一套管理人工智能开发和使用的监管原则。其中包括安全性、安保性和稳健性、透明度、公平性、问责制、治理、可竞争性和补救； （3）关于人工智能机遇和风险的“有意义的、长期的公众参与”条款； (4) 关于第三方数据使用透明度的规定； (5) 在训练数据集中使用知识产权的知情同意原则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 February 2025", "title": "UK AI Safety Institute renamed to UK AI Security Institute", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/tackling-ai-security-risks-to-unleash-growth-and-deliver-plan-for-change", "description": "Safeguarding Britain’s national security - a key pillar of the government’s Plan for Change - and protecting citizens from crime - will become founding principles of the UK’s approach to the responsible development of artificial intelligence from today (Friday 14 February), as the Technology Secretary sets out his vision for a revitalised AI Security Institute in Munich.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所更名为英国人工智能安全研究所", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所已更名为“人工智能安全研究所”，以反映其重点关注“具有安全影响的严重人工智能风险，例如该技术如何用于开发化学和生物武器，如何用于实施网络攻击，以及如何助长欺诈和儿童性虐待等犯罪”。作为此次更新的一部分，该研究所还将成立一个新的犯罪滥用小组，该小组将与内政部合作，对一系列犯罪和安全问题进行研究。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "US and UK abstain from signing the Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People and the Planet", "url": "https://onu.delegfrance.org/statement-on-inclusive-and-sustainable-artificial-intelligence-for-people-and", "description": "Home > Press Room > Focus on > Archives 2025 > Statement on Inclusive and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence for People (...)", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国和英国放弃签署《关于人类和地球包容性和可持续人工智能的声明》", "description_zh": "美国和英国在巴黎人工智能行动峰会上放弃签署关于人类和地球的包容性和可持续人工智能的联合声明。声明列出的优先事项包括“确保人工智能开放、包容、透明、道德、安全、可靠和值得信赖，同时考虑到所有人的国际框架”和“使人工智能对人类和地球可持续发展”。该声明已由印度、中国、日本、加拿大、巴西、法国和澳大利亚等60个国家签署。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "CNIL source on AI and data protection", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/gouvernance-des-donnees-et-ia-cinq-autorites-de-protection-des-donnees-sengagent", "description": "Official source record dated 11 February 2025 for United Kingdom concerning Global data protection authorities sign joint declaration on building trustworthy data governance frameworks to encourage development of innovative and privacy-protective AI. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构签署关于建立值得信赖的数据治理框架的联合声明，以鼓励创新和保护隐私的人工智能的发展", "description_zh": "澳大利亚 (OAIC)、法国 (CNIL)、爱尔兰 (DPC)、韩国 (PIPC) 和英国 (ICO) 的数据保护机构在巴黎人工智能行动峰会期间签署了一份联合声明。该宣言旨在建立一个治理框架，促进创新的人工智能系统，同时确保强大的数据保护和遵守现有法规。宣言中概述的原则包括澄清人工智能数据处理的法律基础、实施安全措施以及促进与其他当局的合作。该声明还强调需要平衡创新与减少法律不确定性，特别是在健康、教育和公共安全等领域。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "UK government releases AI playbook for government", "url": "https://gds.blog.gov.uk/2025/02/10/launching-the-artificial-intelligence-playbook-for-the-uk-government/", "description": "AI is at the heart of the UK Government's strategy to drive economic growth and enhance public service delivery. Read more about GDS's AI Playbook to provide the public sector with accessible technical guidance on the safe and effective use", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府发布人工智能手册", "description_zh": "英国技术大臣彼得·凯尔 (Peter Kyle) 为英国政府推出了人工智能 (AI) 手册，为各部门和公共部门组织提供有关安全有效使用人工智能的便捷技术指导。该手册由五个部分组成：(1) 所有公务员在政府中使用人工智能时应遵循的 10 条原则，(2) 介绍性概述人工智能（包括生成式人工智能）的基础、其应用、能力和对所有公务员的限制； (3) 企业和技术指导，涉及如何了解人工智能是否是​​适合工作的工具、政府应避免哪些用例、如何进行人工智能用户研究、如何建立人工智能团队并获得必要的技能以及如何购买、采购和实施人工智能产品等主题； (4) 团队领导者和高级决策者在从事人工智能工作时应考虑的人工智能项目的法律、道德、安全和治理方面的概述，讨论偏见、隐私、版权、数据保护和网络安全等话题； (5) 附录包含公共部门的人工智能用例。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 February 2025", "title": "AI-generated child sex abuse images targeted with new laws", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/britains-leading-the-way-protecting-children-from-online-predators", "description": "UK becomes the first country in the world to create new AI sexual abuse offences to protect children from predators generating AI images.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的儿童性虐待图像成为新法律的目标", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布将出台新法律来应对人工智能生成的儿童性虐待图像的威胁。新法律将包括（1）对拥有人工智能“恋童癖手册”的人处以最高三年的监禁，（2）将促进分享儿童性虐待内容的网站定为刑事犯罪，以及（3）禁止“裸体”应用程序并解决主流色情网站上与年轻女孩的性活动正常化的问题。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 February 2025", "title": "Treasury Committee launches inquiry into AI in financial services", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/call-for-evidence/3582", "description": "Primary source (committees.parliament.uk): Submission - Committees - UK Parliament.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部委员会对金融服务中的人工智能展开调查", "description_zh": "英国议会财政委员会对人工智能在金融服务中的使用展开了调查。此次调查将重点关注人工智能在金融服务各个领域的应用，包括零售银行、投资银行、保险和养老金。它将进一步研究弱势消费者的风险和收益，以及政府在确保负责任的人工智能采用方面的作用。磋商将于 2025 年 3 月 17 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "UK to hold evidence session on AI and copyright law", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/135/science-innovation-and-technology-committee/news/205062/the-future-of-ai-and-copyright-law-to-be-scrutinised-by-mps/", "description": "On Tuesday 4 February, at 2pm, the Culture, Media and Sport Committee and Science, Innovation and Technology Committee will hold a joint evidence session on the future of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and copyright law. ", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国将举行人工智能和版权法证据会议", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布，文化、媒体和体育委员会以及科学、创新和技术委员会将于 2025 年 2 月 4 日举行联合证据会议，讨论人工智能和版权法的未来。会议将审议政府最近宣布的关于版权和人工智能的磋商。议员们将从人工智能和创意领域的角度审视当前的法律格局和政府的改革建议。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "UK sets out new AI cybersecurity code of practice", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-cyber-security-code-of-practice/code-of-practice-for-the-cyber-security-of-ai", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国制定新的人工智能网络安全实践守则", "description_zh": "英国政府推出了人工智能网络安全实践准则，其中规定了涵盖整个人工智能生命周期的 13 条原则；从安全设计和部署到报废管理。文件中列出的关键措施包括培训员工识别人工智能相关风险、保护 API 和数据管道等基础设施，以及确保正确处理数据和模型。该代码还定义了开发人员、系统操作员和数据保管人的关键职责，以确保人工智能系统免受数据中毒、模型反转和成员推理等威胁。该代码还附带一个实施指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "UK House of Lords votes to strengthen copyright protections in AI", "url": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/data-paul-mccartney-government-bill-treasury-b2688003.html", "description": "Peers voted 145 to 126, majority 19, in favour of amendments to the Data (Use and Access) Bill aiming to tackle the AI copyright issue", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国上议院投票加强人工智能版权保护", "description_zh": "据报道，英国上议院以 145 票对 126 票（多数票 19 票）通过了数据（使用和访问）法案的一揽子修正案，旨在解决大型科技公司为人工智能抓取数据而未经授权使用知识产权的问题。这些措施将明确让人工智能公司遵守英国版权法，无论它们位于何处，披露目前匿名运行的网络爬虫的名称和所有者，并允许版权所有者知道他们的作品何时、何地以及如何被使用。此举对英国政府关于对“文本和数据挖掘”引入版权法豁免的建议（目前正在接受磋商，将于 2025 年 2 月结束）构成打击。该法案现已提交下议院。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 January 2025", "title": "Olsen v Finansiel Stabilitet", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Approved-Judgment-Olsen-v.-Finansiel-Stabilitet-AS.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants relied on a non-existent case summary titled Flynn v. Breitenbach to argue foreign judgments cannot be enforced after the originating state's limitation period; the Court confirmed the citation does not exist and appellants later apologised. Outcome: No contempt, but might bear out on costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥尔森 v 菲南希尔·稳定", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人依靠名为“弗林诉布莱滕巴赫”的不存在的案件摘要来辩称，外国判决在原判国的时效期限后不能得到执行；法院确认该传票不存在，上诉人后来道歉。结果：没有蔑视，但可能会增加成本。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No contempt, but might bear out on costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "AI Action Plan — Department for Science, Innovation and Technology", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan", "description": "The UK government's AI Opportunities Action Plan, published in January 2025, sets out the strategy for making the UK a global AI superpower, focusing on compute infrastructure, data access, talent retention, and adoption across public services. It accepted all 50 recommendations from the independent review led by Matt Clifford, including creation of AI Growth Zones, a National Data Library, and expanded public sector AI deployment. The plan signals a significant shift toward prioritising AI-driven economic growth alongside safety, and is accompanied by a package of investment announcements and international partnerships.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Labor & Workforce", "Education" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能行动计划 — 科学、创新与技术部", "description_zh": "英国政府于 2025 年 1 月发布的人工智能机会行动计划，制定了使英国成为全球人工智能超级大国的战略，重点关注计算基础设施、数据访问、人才保留和公共服务的采用。它接受了 Matt Clifford 领导的独立审查的全部 50 项建议，包括创建人工智能增长区、国家数据库以及扩大公共部门人工智能部署。该计划标志着一个重大转变，即优先考虑人工智能驱动的经济增长和安全，并伴随着一系列投资公告和国际合作伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "21 January 2025", "title": "AI safety institutes test Google and Mistral AI models for language, cultural risks", "url": "", "description": "News report (mlex.com, 21 January 2025) regarding AI policy activity in GB. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 安全机构测试 Google 和 Mistral AI 模型的语言、文化风险", "description_zh": "据悉，英国、日本、新加坡和韩国的人工智能安全机构一直在联合评估谷歌和Mistral AI开发的人工智能模型，以评估其针对与语言和文化差异相关的漏洞的安全性。特别是，这些机构正在测试（1）主要基于英语数据训练并设计用于主要以英语生成输出的模型是否容易受到各种风险的影响； (2) 模型针对源自、使用或与非英语语言或非西方文化背景相关的网络威胁的安全能力。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Global Coalition on Telecommunications adopt principles on AI adoption in the telecommunications industry", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry/global-coalition-on-telecommunications-principles-on-ai-adoption-in-the-telecommunications-industry", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球电信联盟通过电信行业人工智能采用原则", "description_zh": "英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、日本和美国通过全球电信联盟（GCOT）发布了一份联合声明，采纳了电信行业采用人工智能的原则，即（1）创新和竞争； (2) 透明度、可解释性和人工监督； (3) 隐私； （四）公平； (5) 安全性和弹性； (6) 环境可持续性。这些原则适用于行业领导者、研究人员和开发电信人工智能解决方案的人员。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "UK adopts AI Opportunities Action Plan", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan-government-response/ai-opportunities-action-plan-government-response", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国通过人工智能机会行动计划", "description_zh": "政府通过了《人工智能机遇行动计划》，其中概述了加速人工智能开发和部署的 50 项措施。该计划包括（1）引入专门的“人工智能增长区”（从牛津郡卡勒姆开始），以加快规划提案并建设更多人工智能基础设施； (2) 将公共计算能力提高二十倍并开发新的超级计算机； (3) 一个新的国家数据库，以安全可靠地释放公共数据的价值并支持人工智能的发展； (4) 由科学部长和能源部长担任主席的专门人工智能能源委员会，与能源公司合作，了解与人工智能相关的能源需求和挑战； (5) 提出监管人工智能并建立有利于人工智能行业和创意产业的版权框架的措施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "UK government launches consultation on AI and copyright law reform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence/copyright-and-artificial-intelligence#c-our-proposed-approach", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府启动人工智能和版权法改革咨询", "description_zh": "英国政府宣布就解决人工智能培训和版权带来的挑战的新方法进行磋商。该提案旨在通过引入一揽子干预措施来平衡创意产业和人工智能领域的需求，包括：（1）“权利保留”机制，允许权利人保留其权利并许可其作品进行人工智能培训（以获取报酬）； (2) 新的数据挖掘例外，允许开发者在未保留权利的情况下，在未经权利人许可的情况下合法地对版权作品（包括人工智能培训）进行数据挖掘； (3) 人工智能开发者公开人工智能培训内容的透明度要求。政府还寻求支持技术标准和工具的开发，以实现权利保留、推广许可协议并探索人工智能生成内容的标签要求。咨询将于 2025 年 2 月 25 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Ofcom publishes codes of practice and guidance for tackling illegal harms under new Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/statement-protecting-people-from-illegal-harms-online/", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 16 December 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 根据新的《在线安全法》发布了处理非法危害的行为准则和指南", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了第一版《在线安全法案》(OSA) 下处理非法危害的行为准则和指南，为企业在 2025 年 3 月 16 日开始实施之前提供三个月的准备时间。除其他外，这些准则呼吁科技公司和其他相关提供商改进对其算法的测试，以使非法内容更难传播。 Ofcom 还表示，正在努力在 2025 年春季就进一步的法规措施进行额外磋商，其中包括使用人工智能来解决非法危害。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 December 2024", "title": "Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/301/Crypto_Open_Patent_Alliance_v._Wright_UK_High_Court_December_6_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unknown in proceedings before the High Court. False Quotes: Case Law | Authorities cited by Dr Wright for vulnerable-witness adjustments did not contain the passages he attributed to them; COPA flagged this and the Court did not engage further. Outcome: No formal sanction; fabricated citations disregarded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加密开放专利联盟诉 Wright (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在高等法院的诉讼中使用了“未知”。虚假引述：判例法|赖特博士引用的有关弱势证人调整的权威人士并未包含他归因于他们的段落； COPA 指出了这一点，法院没有进一步介入。结果：没有正式制裁；伪造的引文被忽略。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unknown", "outcome": "No formal sanction; fabricated citations disregarded", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2024", "title": "UK and Qatar launch project to boost artificial intelligence collaboration", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-qatar-launch-project-to-boost-artificial-intelligence-collaboration#:~:text=The%20UK%20and%20Qatar%20have,University%20(HBKU)%20in%20Qatar.", "description": "The UK and Qatar launch joint Artificial Intelligence (AI) research commission.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和卡塔尔启动项目以促进人工智能合作", "description_zh": "英国和卡塔尔成立了一个人工智能联合研究委员会，寻求为英国与卡塔尔在生态系统开发、政策和监管、安全以及国际参与等一系列领域的人工智能合作制定路线图。这项联合研究将由玛丽女王大学领导 \n伦敦，与卡塔尔哈马德·本·哈利法大学 (HBKU) 合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 December 2024", "title": "UK and Qatar launch project to boost artificial intelligence collaboration", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-qatar-launch-project-to-boost-artificial-intelligence-collaboration#:~:text=The%20UK%20and%20Qatar%20have,University%20(HBKU)%20in%20Qatar.", "description": "The UK and Qatar launch joint Artificial Intelligence (AI) research commission.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和卡塔尔启动项目以促进人工智能合作", "description_zh": "英国和卡塔尔成立了一个人工智能联合研究委员会，寻求为英国与卡塔尔在生态系统开发、政策和监管、安全以及国际参与等一系列领域的人工智能合作制定路线图。这项联合研究将由玛丽女王大学领导 \n伦敦，与卡塔尔哈马德·本·哈利法大学 (HBKU) 合作。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2024", "title": "MHRA trials five innovative AI technologies as part of pilot scheme to change regulatory approach", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-trials-five-innovative-ai-technologies-as-part-of-pilot-scheme-to-change-regulatory-approach", "description": "The pilot scheme, AI Airlock, is designed to help test and improve the rules for AI-powered medical devices to ensure they reach patients quickly, safely and effectively.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 试验五种创新人工智能技术，作为改变监管方式试点计划的一部分", "description_zh": "英国药品和保健产品监管机构 (MHRA) 为 AI Airlock 选择了五种创新技术，这是一项试点计划，旨在更好地了解如何对人工智能驱动的医疗设备进行监管，从而尽可能快速、安全地将这些类型的产品提供给 NHS 和需要它们的患者。试点选定的技术包括用于癌症和慢性呼吸道疾病患者以及需要放射诊断服务的医疗设备。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 November 2024", "title": "UK CAA announces new AI strategy for aviation sector", "url": "https://www.airport-technology.com/news/uk-caa-ai-strategy-aviation/?cf-view", "description": "AI in aerospace is expected to offer benefits like improved air traffic control, enhanced pilot training, and reduced operational delays.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国民航局宣布航空业新人工智能战略", "description_zh": "英国民航局（CAA）推出了一项全面的人工智能战略，旨在彻底改变航空业。该战略概述了确保人工智能安全融入行业的监管步骤，符合英国政府在人工智能监管方面支持创新的立场。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 November 2024", "title": "UK launches consultation into social media algorithms, generative AI and the spread of harmful content online", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/work/8641/social-media-misinformation-and-harmful-algorithms/news/203870/what-are-the-links-between-social-media-algorithms-generative-ai-and-the-spread-of-harmful-content-online/", "description": "The Science, Innovation and Technology Committee has launched a new inquiry to investigate the relationship between algorithms used by social media and search engines, generative AI, and the spread of harmful and false content online.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国针对社交媒体算法、生成人工智能和有害内容在线传播展开咨询", "description_zh": "英国议会科学、创新和技术委员会已开展公众咨询，以（1）评估社交媒体算法、生成式人工智能与在线有害和虚假内容扩散之间的关系； (2) 评估社交媒体公司和搜索引擎的商业模式在多大程度上助长了有害内容的传播； (3) 评估英国当前和拟议的监管框架（包括《在线安全法案》）在应对这些挑战方面的有效性。磋商将于 2024 年 12 月 18 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 November 2024", "title": "New online safety priorities, targeting AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-online-safety-priorities-for-ofcom-and-launch-of-study-into-effects-of-social-media-on-children", "description": "Technology Secretary outlines priorities for Ofcom as government prepares to enforce the Online Safety Act next year.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新的在线安全优先事项，针对人工智能生成的内容", "description_zh": "英国技术大臣根据《在线安全法》通过了 Ofcom 的在线安全优先事项。优先事项包括从一开始就注重将安全性嵌入数字平台、提高科技公司的透明度以及解决人工智能生成内容带来的风险。此外，设计安全的战略重点要求在开发阶段就实施保护措施以防止伤害，特别是强调年龄保障技术来保护儿童。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "UK CMA approves Google-Anthropic partnership", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/673c56a45aadb65be090fdad/Summary_of_phase_1_decision.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 19 November 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 CMA 批准 Google 与 Anthropic 合作", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 已澄清谷歌与 Anthropic 的合作关系，称其“并不认为谷歌因合作关系而获得了对 Anthropic 的实质性影响”，并且没有形成相关的合并情况。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "UK releases JSP 936 to ensure dependable AI in defence", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/jsp-936-dependable-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-defence-part-1-directive", "description": "JSP 936 (part 1: directive) is the principal policy framework governing the safe and responsible adoption of AI in MOD.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国发布 JSP 936 以确保国防中可靠的人工智能", "description_zh": "继国防人工智能战略和雄心勃勃、安全和负责任的政策之后，英国政府发布了 JSP 936（第 1 部分：指令），其中为如何实施国防部的人工智能道德原则提供了明确的方向，以提供安全、强大和有效的人工智能功能，这些功能具有适当水平的人类监督，以提升英国的军事优势。 JSP 936 包括整个人工智能生命周期的治理、开发和保证指令，其中包括质量、安全和安保考虑因素。它借鉴了现有政策和最佳实践，弥合了人工智能使用的高级道德原则与其实际实施之间的差距，指导该部门为人工智能做好充分准备。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 November 2024", "title": "Ofcom issues open letter to UK online service providers regarding generative AI and chatbots", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/open-letter-to-uk-online-service-providers-regarding-generative-ai-and-chatbots/", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 8 November 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 向英国在线服务提供商发出有关生成人工智能和聊天机器人的公开信", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 向在线服务提供商发出了一封公开信，提供指导并详细说明《在线安全法案》对生成型人工智能和聊天机器人的适用性。该指南明确指出：(1) 允许通过人工智能生成的内容（包括图像、视频和文本）进行用户交互的平台被视为“用户对用户服务”，因此受该法案的监管； (2) 允许用户创建和共享人工智能生成的聊天机器人的服务也受到监管； (3) 提供商必须做好合规准备，第一项职责将于 2024 年 12 月生效，重点是风险评估和减少有害内容的措施。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "UK Government announces AI safety assurance platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ensuring-trust-in-ai-to-unlock-65-billion-over-next-decade", "description": "UK’s market for ensuring trustworthy AI systems is poised to grow six-fold over the next decade, as UK also signs AI safety agreement with Singapore.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府宣布人工智能安全保障平台", "description_zh": "英国科学、创新和技术部 (DIST) 发布了一份报告，调查了英国人工智能保障市场的状况，并阐述了 DSIT 将如何推动其未来的政府增长。在本报告中，DIST 宣布了一个新的人工智能安全保障平台，作为“一站式”指导和资源，帮助企业在开发和使用人工智能产品和服务时进行自己的影响评估和评价。该平台还将包括自我评估工具，帮助中小企业实施负责任的人工智能实践。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Singapore and UK sign AI safety agreement", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/new-singapore-uk-agreement-to-strengthen-global-ai-safety-and-governance/", "description": "Primary source (mddi.gov.sg) dated 6 November 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡与英国签署人工智能安全协议", "description_zh": "英国和新加坡宣布建立新的人工智能安全伙伴关系，将加强两国人工智能安全机构在研究、信息共享和综合人工智能测试等领域的合作。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "DIST releases AI management essentials tool", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/672a5706094e4e60c466d19f/AI_Management_Essentials_tool_Self-Assessment.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 6 November 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DIST 发布 AI 管理必备工具", "description_zh": "科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 已就人工智能 (AI) 管理要素 (AIME) 工具展开公众咨询。 AIME 是一种自我评估工具，旨在通过列出和阐述现有人工智能法规和框架的原则，支持组织建立负责任的人工智能管理实践。此次咨询寻求该工具的设计、内容和实用性的反馈，以确保其支持企业实施有效的人工智能治理。磋商将于 2025 年 1 月 29 日结束。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "UK Information Commissioner source on AI use in recruitment", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/action-weve-taken/audits-and-overview-reports/ai-tools-in-recruitment/", "description": "Official source record dated 6 November 2024 for United Kingdom concerning ICO reports on AI tools in recruitment. See the linked ico.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 报告招聘中的人工智能工具", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室（ICO）发布了一份报告，研究了人工智能工具在招聘中的整合，并向人工智能开发商和提供商提供了一系列建议，以确保根据数据保护法更好地保护求职者的信息权利。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Singapore and UK sign AI safety agreement", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/new-singapore-uk-agreement-to-strengthen-global-ai-safety-and-governance/", "description": "Primary source (mddi.gov.sg) dated 6 November 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡与英国签署人工智能安全协议", "description_zh": "英国和新加坡宣布建立新的人工智能安全伙伴关系，将加强两国人工智能安全机构在研究、信息共享和综合人工智能测试等领域的合作。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 404", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "UK Prime Minister opines new laws to protect publishers from unapproved AI data scraping", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/28/keir-starmer-journalism-lifeblood-british-democracy-labour", "description": "News report (theguardian.com, 28 October 2024) regarding AI policy activity in GB. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国首相提出新法律，保护出版商免受未经批准的人工智能数据抓取", "description_zh": "英国首相基夫·斯塔默通过《卫报》发表声明，介绍政府正在开展的《数字市场、竞争和消费者法案》，该法案的目的之一是重新平衡在线平台和出版商之间的关系。斯塔默写道，“我们认识到出版商应该控制其作品并为其作品寻求报酬的基本原则，包括在考虑人工智能的作用时”。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Man who used AI to create child abuse images imprisoned for 18 years", "url": "https://www.cps.gov.uk/cps/news/man-who-used-ai-technology-create-child-sexual-abuse-images-jailed", "description": "A man who used a computer programme and AI technology to alter photographs of real children to create sexual abuse images, and encouraged the rape of children via the internet, has been jailed.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "使用人工智能制作虐待儿童图像的男子被判入狱 18 年", "description_zh": "一名利用人工智能制作儿童性虐待图像的男子被博尔顿刑事法院判处 18 年监禁（并可追加 6 年监禁），这是英国针对深度造假事件的具有里程碑意义的起诉。此案为如何起诉计算机生成的图像以及不雅和露骨的深度伪造行为树立了新的先例。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Global data protection authorities issue statement on data scraping, covering AI", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/speeches/2024/js-dc_20241028", "description": "This Concluding Statement builds on the Joint statement on data scraping and the protection of privacy (the Initial Statement), published August 24, 2023, which highlighted the following key messages:", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球数据保护机构发布关于数据抓取的声明，涵盖人工智能", "description_zh": "由 17 个全球数据保护机构组成的联盟（澳大利亚、加拿大、英国、中国香港、瑞士、挪威、新西兰、哥伦比亚、泽西岛、摩洛哥、阿根廷、墨西哥、根西岛、西班牙、摩纳哥、以色列）发布了关于数据抓取的后续声明。该声明以当局于 2023 年 8 月发表的联合声明为基础，敦促社交媒体平台实施防止数据抓取的保护措施。该后续声明明确指出（1）组织应部署针对非法抓取的组合保护措施，并定期审查和更新这些措施，以跟上抓取技术和技术的进步； (2) 虽然人工智能被一些复杂的数据抓取者用来逃避检测，但它也可以增强对非法抓取的保护； (3) 防止非法抓取的义务适用于大公司和中小企业，在服务提供商的协助下，中小企业可以采取成本较低的措施； (4) 授权抓取个人数据的合同条款不能单独使此类抓取合法，但可以作为重要的保障； （五）允许抓取个人数据的组织必须确保其有合法依据、透明，并在法律要求的情况下获得同意； (6) 组织应实施适当的措施，包括合同条款和监控，以确保遵守数据保护和隐私法； (7) 通过 API 提供访问权限可以让组织更好地控制数据，并有助于检测和缓解未经授权的抓取； (8) 使用抓取数据或自己的平台数据来训练人工智能的组织必须遵守数据保护、隐私法和人工智能特定法律，并遵循现有的监管指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "CMA launches investigation into Alphabet x Anthropic partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/alphabet-inc-google-llc-slash-anthropic-merger-inquiry", "description": "The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigated Alphabet Inc.’s (Google LLC) partnership with Anthropic PBC.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 对 Alphabet x Anthropic 合作伙伴关系展开调查", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 已对 Alphabet (Google LLC) 与 Anthropic 之间的合作关系启动第一阶段调查，以确定其是否可能导致相关合并情况的产生以及对英国竞争的潜在影响。 CMA 将在 2024 年 12 月 19 日之前发布初步决定，并确定是否将合作伙伴关系提交第二阶段调查。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill — House of Lords Private Member's Bill [HL Bill 37]", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3741", "description": "Lord Holmes of Richmond introduced this Private Member's Bill to establish a statutory framework for AI regulation in the UK, including a mandatory registration scheme for high-risk AI systems, a duty of transparency on AI developers, and the creation of a dedicated AI Authority. While the bill did not progress to become law during its session, it represents the most developed attempt to introduce primary AI legislation in the UK Parliament and reflects growing pressure on the government to move beyond its voluntary, principles-based approach. It is distinct from the government's preferred sector-led model and serves as a legislative benchmark for AI governance advocates.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能（监管）法案 — 上议院私人议员法案 [HL Bill 37]", "description_zh": "里士满的霍姆斯勋爵提出了这项私人议员法案，旨在建立英国人工智能监管的法定框架，包括高风险人工智能系统的强制注册计划、人工智能开发人员的透明度义务以及设立专门的人工智能管理局。虽然该法案在会议期间并未成为法律，但它代表了英国议会引入主要人工智能立法的最成熟的尝试，并反映出政府面临越来越大的压力，要求其超越其自愿的、基于原则的方法。它与政府首选的部门主导模式不同，可以作为人工智能治理倡导者的立法基准。" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "UK FCA launches AI lab", "url": "https://www.fca.org.uk/firms/innovation/ai-lab", "description": "The AI Lab provides a pathway for the FCA, firms and wider stakeholders to engage in AI-related insights, discussions and case studies.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国FCA成立人工智能实验室", "description_zh": "英国金融行为监管局建立了“人工智能实验室”，该实验室将作为金融领域公司、行业专家、监管机构和更广泛的利益相关者之间就英国金融市场人工智能的使用和挑战进行合作的中心。该实验室包括（1）“AI Spotlight”（展示金融服务中选定的人工智能用例）； (2)“人工智能冲刺”（利益相关者于 2025 年 1 月 29 日至 30 日进行的冲刺，以告知人工智能的监管方法）； （3）“AI Input Zone”（一个关于英国金融服务业人工智能未来的在线反馈平台）； (4)“增压沙箱”（以人工智能为中心的技术冲刺和数字沙箱基础设施）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "AI Safety Institute launches new grants scheme", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/research-programme-to-ensure-uk-economy-uses-ai-to-grow-safely", "description": "Researchers to be supported in boosting defences against societal risks such as deepfakes and cyber-attacks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全研究所推出新的资助计划", "description_zh": "英国人工智能安全研究所与工程和物理科学研究委员会（EPSRC）和创新英国合作，推出了一项向专注于人工智能风险和“系统人工智能安全”的研究人员开放的资助计划。英国人工智能安全研究所希望在第一阶段为大约 20 个项目提供最多 20 万英镑的资金支持，价值 400 万英镑。该基金总价值 850 万英镑，首次在 2024 年 5 月的人工智能首尔峰会上宣布，随着进一步阶段的启动，额外现金将在适当的时候到位。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "UK announces major investment deal in emerging growth sectors, including AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/major-investment-deals-set-to-be-announced-at-governments-inaugural-international-investment-summit-as-pm-vows-to-remove-needless-regulation-declar", "description": "Billions worth of investments in emerging growth sectors including AI and life sciences, and infrastructure are set to be unveiled by businesses and ministers at the government’s inaugural International Investment Summit today.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国宣布在人工智能等新兴增长领域达成重大投资协议", "description_zh": "在首届国际投资峰会上，英国政府公布了人工智能、生命科学和基础设施领域价值数十亿美元的重大投资交易。英国首相基夫·斯塔默表示，他发誓要“废除不必要地抑制投资的监管”，“凡是阻止我们建造房屋、数据中心、仓库、电网连接器、道路、火车线的地方，只要你能想到的，记住我的话——我们将废除它”。政府将要求竞争与市场管理局通过其工作优先考虑增长、投资和创新，还将审查其他主要监管机构的重点。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 October 2024", "title": "UK Science Secretary launches new Regulatory Innovation Office to speed up public access to new technologies", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/game-changing-tech-to-reach-the-public-faster-as-dedicated-new-unit-launched-to-curb-red-tape", "description": "Science Secretary launches new Regulatory Innovation Office today to speed up public access to new technologies.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国科学大臣成立新的监管创新办公室，以加快公众获取新技术", "description_zh": "英国科学技术大臣成立了新的监管创新办公室，该办公室将支持监管机构更新监管、加快审批速度，并确保不同监管机构顺利合作。该办公室将重点关注公共服务中新兴技术的各个领域，特别是医疗保健领域的人工智能和数字化（即该办公室将支持医疗保健部门安全地部署人工智能创新，提高 NHS 效率和患者的健康结果）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 September 2024", "title": "UK CMA closes investigation into Amazon and Anthropic partnership", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66f680eec71e42688b65eda0/Summary_of_phase_1_decision.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 27 September 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 CMA 结束对亚马逊与 Anthropic 合作伙伴关系的调查", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布结束有关亚马逊与 Anthropic 之间合作关系的合并调查（第一阶段调查）。 CMA认为，由于Anthropic的营业额未超过7000万英镑，且双方在英国的供应份额未达到25%，因此不构成相关合并情形，无需进一步调查。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "LinkedIn halts AI data Processing in the UK amid privacy concerns raised by ICO", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/09/our-statement-on-changes-to-linkedin-ai-data-policy/", "description": "“We are pleased LinkedIn has reflected on our concerns and taken steps to improve transparency material, make it simpler for users to object to the processing via opt-out settings, and provide a longer window to do so.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于 ICO 引发的隐私问题，LinkedIn 暂停在英国的人工智能数据处理", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室（ICO）证实，专业社交网络平台LinkedIn已暂停在英国处理用户数据以训练其人工智能模型。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 September 2024", "title": "Meta set to unpause its AI training in the UK", "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2024/09/building-ai-technology-for-the-uk-in-a-responsible-and-transparent-way/", "description": "We will begin training for AI at Meta using public content shared by adults on Facebook and Instagram in the UK over the coming months. This means that our generative AI models will reflect British culture, history, and idiom, and that UK companies and institutions will be able to utilise the latest technology. We’re building AI at Meta to reflect the diverse communities around the world and we look forward to launching it in more countries and languages later this year.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Meta 将取消在英国的人工智能培训", "description_zh": "经过与英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 数月的监管讨论后，Meta 利用英国 Facebook 和 Instagram 用户的公共内容推进了其生成式人工智能计划，但按照 ICO 的要求改进了监督和透明度措施（包括简化的异议表和延长了用户的选择退出时间范围）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "Public Authority Algorithmic and Automated Decision-Making Systems Bill introduced", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/publications/56170/documents/5068", "description": "Primary source (bills.parliament.uk) dated 9 September 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共机构算法和自动决策系统法案出台", "description_zh": "克莱门特·琼斯勋爵向上议院提出了《公共权力算法和自动决策系统法案》。该法案旨在规范公共部门决策过程中自动化和算法工具的使用； (ii) 要求公共当局完成对自动化和算法决策系统的影响评估； (iii) 确保此类系统采用透明度标准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "UK signs Council of Europe's global treaty on AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-first-international-treaty-addressing-risks-of-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Lord Chancellor Shabana Mahmood signs first legally-binding treaty governing safe use of artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国签署欧洲委员会人工智能全球条约", "description_zh": "英国签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》（CETS No. 225）（框架公约）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators release principles for deploying AI in the nuclear sector", "url": "https://onr.org.uk/news/all-news/2024/09/new-paper-shares-international-principles-for-regulating-ai-in-the-nuclear-sector/", "description": "The UK, US and Canadian nuclear regulators have outlined principles for deploying artificial intelligence (AI) in the nuclear sector while maintaining adequate safety and security, described in a trilateral paper published today.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构发布在核领域部署人工智能的原则", "description_zh": "英国、美国和加拿大核监管机构（英国核监管办公室、美国核监管委员会和加拿大核安全委员会）概述了在核领域部署人工智能的原则。三边文件包括（1）监管机构在处理人工智能时的共同关注领域； （2）了解如何根据人工智能故障的后果和人工智能自主水平来管理系统； (3) 人为和组织因素在人工智能使用中的重要性； （4）将人工智能融入现有核系统； (5) 管理从设计到部署的人工智能生命周期； (6) 核应用中人工智能安全案例的考虑。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "5 September 2024", "title": "UK signs Council of Europe's global treaty on AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-first-international-treaty-addressing-risks-of-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Lord Chancellor Shabana Mahmood signs first legally-binding treaty governing safe use of artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国签署欧洲委员会人工智能全球条约", "description_zh": "英国签署了《欧洲委员会人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》（CETS No. 225）（框架公约）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "UK CMA clears Microsoft x Inflection AI deal", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/microsoft-slash-inflection-ai-inquiry", "description": "The CMA is investigating Microsoft Corporation’s (Microsoft) hiring of certain former employees of Inflection AI, Inc. (Inflection) and its entry into associated arrangements with Inflection.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 CMA 批准微软 x Inflection AI 交易", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 已批准微软与 Inflection AI 的合作伙伴关系。 CMA 的结论是，Inflection AI 的规模较小且影响有限，并没有在英国市场带来“大幅减少竞争的现实前景”。监管机构还批准微软聘用 Inflection 的关键员工，包括联合创始人 Mustafa Suleyman。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 August 2024", "title": "Bank workers’ union calls for more funding in skills retraining in light of AI job displacement risks", "url": "https://congress.tuc.org.uk/motion-74-ai-and-the-banking-industry/#sthash.7xWgdbqE.dpbs", "description": "Congress notes with concern a report from June 2024 stating that up to 54 percent of banking jobs and 48 per cent of insurance roles could be displaced by AI in the future. AI- driven job displacement is predicted to be higher in financial services than in any other sector of the economy, while at the same time, it is expected to drive global banking industry profits to $2tn by 2028, a 9 per cent increase.", "categories": [ "Training & Workforce" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "鉴于人工智能失业风险，银行工会呼吁为技能再培训提供更多资金", "description_zh": "银行工会 Accord 在向年会提交的一项动议中推动了一项针对英国金融业 250 万名员工的重大再培训计划。该动议表达了对人工智能可能导致多达 54% 的银行工作岗位和 48% 的保险工作岗位被取代的担忧，同时指出了全球银行业利润的预期增长。该动议敦促雇主与工会合作，提供技能提升机会、开发新角色、探索裁员替代方案、投资于技能冠军并吸引多元化人才。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "ICO inquiry into allocating controllership across the generative AI supply chain", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/our-work-on-artificial-intelligence/generative-ai-fifth-call-for-evidence/?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGVFPJJRW9OupAyOORlKAZZmOvifl4f7wZCipnP0qfsxMp-nl4DUC2WczR_y1kybX9SDWsbsU38Nj6w6AoRaPtfEs2LWq8LUR93zIbIXslOgmlj5w", "description": "This consultation sets out the ICO’s emerging thinking on generative AI development and use. It should not be interpreted as indication that any particular form of data processing discussed below is legally compliant.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 对整个生成型人工智能供应链控制权分配的调查", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室（ICO）发起了公众咨询，以收集有关生成式人工智能供应链内控制权分配的意见。这是他们的生成人工智能咨询系列中第五次征集证据。该调查探讨了如何分配角色和职责，以便人工智能开发人员和部署人员能够履行作为控制者、联合控制者或处理者的数据保护职责。该调查旨在了解组织对处理活动的影响和控制、他们如何管理或指导生成人工智能模型的微调，以及发布“开放获取”模型的人可以访问的特定元素。咨询将于 2024 年 9 月 18 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "8 August 2024", "title": "CMA opens antitrust investigation into Amazon's partnership with Anthropic", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66b4801bfc8e12ac3edb0c48/Commencement_notice.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 8 August 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 对亚马逊与 Anthropic 的合作关系展开反垄断调查", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 已开始对亚马逊与人工智能初创公司 Anthropic 合作伙伴关系的竞争担忧展开调查。 CMA 必须在 2024 年 10 月 4 日之前决定是否开始更深入的调查。在此调查之前，CMA 对 Alphabet 与 Anthropic 的合作进行了类似的调查。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "1 August 2024", "title": "Mr D Rollo v. Marstons Trading Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/303/Mr_D_Rollo_v_Marstons_Trading_Ltd_UK_Employement_Tribunal_August_1_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Employment Tribunal. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Claimant argued the disclosure schedule had to adhere to Article 28 GDPR; the court held no such requirement exists in Tribunal Rules and could not see any breach. Outcome: Claim dismissed; AI material excluded from evidence under prior judicial order; no sanction but explicit judicial criticism.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "D Rollo 先生诉 Marstons Trading Ltd", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在就业法庭的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。歪曲事实：法律规范|原告辩称披露时间表必须遵守 GDPR 第 28 条；法院认为《仲裁规则》中不存在此类要求，并且看不到任何违反行为。结果：索赔被驳回；根据先前的司法命令，人工智能材料被排除在证据之外；没有制裁，但有明确的司法批评。", "court": "Employment Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Claim dismissed; AI material excluded from evidence under prior judicial order; no sanction but explicit judicial criticism", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "CMA opens public consultation in relation to Alphabet Inc's partnership with Anthropic", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/cma-cases/alphabet-inc-google-llc-slash-anthropic-merger-inquiry", "description": "The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigated Alphabet Inc.’s (Google LLC) partnership with Anthropic PBC.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 就 Alphabet Inc 与 Anthropic 的合作展开公众咨询", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 正在考虑 Alphabet 与 Anthropic 的合作是否已经或可能导致根据《2002 年企业法》的合并条款产生相关合并情况，如果是，则该情况的形成是否可能导致英国任何一个或多个市场内商品或服务的竞争大幅减少。 CMA 正在征求公众意见。咨询将于 2024 年 8 月 13 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-india-technology-security-initiative-factsheet", "description": "This initiative, agreed between the UK and India, will support crucial collaboration on telecoms security and unlocking investment for emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和印度宣布技术安全倡议", "description_zh": "印度和英国通过了技术安全倡议（TSI），旨在加强互联网和电信服务基础设施、人工智能开发和半导体生产等各个领域关键和新兴技术的合作。该倡议是更广泛的印度-英国 2030 年路线图的一部分，重点关注技术设计要求和消除人工智能系统偏见等问题。 TSI 将由两国国家安全顾问进行协调，并在国家安全局副局长级别上每两年审查一次进展情况。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "UK and India announce Technology Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-india-technology-security-initiative-factsheet", "description": "This initiative, agreed between the UK and India, will support crucial collaboration on telecoms security and unlocking investment for emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和印度宣布技术安全倡议", "description_zh": "印度和英国通过了技术安全倡议（TSI），旨在加强互联网和电信服务基础设施、人工智能开发和半导体生产等各个领域关键和新兴技术的合作。该倡议是更广泛的印度-英国 2030 年路线图的一部分，重点关注技术设计要求和消除人工智能系统偏见等问题。 TSI 将由两国国家安全顾问进行协调，并在国家安全局副局长级别上每两年审查一次进展情况。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Joint statement on competition in generative AI foundation models and AI products", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/joint-statement-on-competition-in-generative-ai-foundation-models-and-ai-products/joint-statement-on-competition-in-generative-ai-foundation-models-and-ai-products", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于生成式人工智能基础模型和人工智能产品竞争的联合声明", "description_zh": "欧盟委员会、英国竞争市场管理局、美国司法部和美国联邦贸易委员会签署了一份关于生成式人工智能基础模型和人工智能产品竞争的联合声明。该声明概述了与新兴人工智能商业模式相关的竞争风险（即对关键投入的集中控制、在人工智能相关市场中巩固或扩大市场力量以及涉及关键参与者的安排）。该声明随后提出了保护人工智能生态系统竞争的原则，即（1）公平交易（即识别破坏竞争的排他性策略），（2）互操作性（即强调人工智能产品和服务之间的互操作性对于增强竞争和创新的重要性），以及（3）选择（即审查限制选择的锁定方法，或回避合并执行的投资/合作伙伴关系）。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Ofcom issues guidance on red teaming for generative AI harms", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/consultations/discussion-papers/red-teaming/red-teaming-for-gen-ai-harms.pdf?v=370762", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 23 July 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 发布针对生成性人工智能危害的红队指南", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了关于采用红队作为评估和减轻生成式人工智能技术造成的危害的方法的指南。本指南的要点包括 (1) 组建一支由通才、领域专家和技术专家组成的多元化团队，(2) 为红队练习设定明确的目标和范围，(3) 开发真实的场景和角色来模拟用户交互，(4) 运行人工和自动评估来识别漏洞，以及 (5) 分析结果并采取行动，以实施额外的保护措施并提高模型安全性。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Ofcom publishes research report into deepfakes", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/online-safety/illegal-and-harmful-content/deepfakes-demean-defraud-disinform/", "description": "Primary source (ofcom.org.uk) dated 23 July 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ofcom 发布 Deepfakes 研究报告", "description_zh": "英国通信办公室 (Ofcom) 发布了一份关于 Deepfake 的报告，其中指出，五分之二的人在过去六个月中至少遇到过一次 Deepfake，其中包括色情内容、政客和诈骗广告的描述。该报告包括对人工智能公司的建议，包括（1）实施提示过滤器和红队等预防方法，（2）在内容上嵌入难以察觉的水印，并使用自动和人工主导的内容审查来区分真实内容和虚假内容； (3) 在其服务条款和社区准则中制定关于可以在其平台上创建和共享的合成内容类型的明确规则。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "King's Speech reveals UK's AI legislation plans", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/the-kings-speech-2024", "description": "My Lords and Members of the House of Commons, My Government will govern in service to the country.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国王演讲揭示英国人工智能立法计划", "description_zh": "在国王的演讲中，查理三世国王宣布，他的政府将“寻求制定适当的立法，对那些致力于开发最强大的人工智能模型的人提出要求”。虽然这并不是引入人工智能法案的明确承诺，但这是新政府（根据其工党宣言）正在寻求摆脱前任政府“观望”态度的正式声明。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "CMA launches new merger inquiry into Microsoft and Inflection", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66964b6fce1fd0da7b59260c/Commencement_notice.pdf", "description": "Primary source (assets.publishing.service.gov.uk) dated 16 July 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 对 Microsoft 和 Inflection 发起新的合并调查", "description_zh": "竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布启动合并调查，调查微软聘用 Inflection AI, Inc. (Inflection) 的某些前雇员以及与 Inflection 达成相关安排是否导致根据《2002 年企业法》的合并条款形成相关合并情况，如果是，则该情况的形成是否已导致或可能预期导致英国任何一个或多个市场内商品或服务的竞争大幅减少。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "8 July 2024", "title": "UK government source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/dsit-bolstered-to-better-serve-the-british-public-through-science-and-technology", "description": "Official source record dated 8 July 2024 for United Kingdom concerning DSIT unites efforts in the digital transformation of public services (including AI) under one department. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSIT 联合一个部门致力于公共服务（包括人工智能）的数字化转型", "description_zh": "科学、创新和技术部（DSIT）宣布将扩大范围和规模，从政府数字服务（GDS）、中央数字和数据办公室（CDDO）和人工智能孵化器（iAI）引入数据、数字和人工智能方面的专家，在一个部门下共同致力于公共服务的数字化转型。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "UK thinktank urges AI incident reporting system for Government", "url": "https://www.longtermresilience.org/post/ai-incident-reporting-addressing-a-gap-in-the-uk-s-regulation-of-ai", "description": "AI has a history of failing in unanticipated ways, with over 10,000 safety incidents recorded by news outlets in deployed AI systems since 2014. With greater integration of AI into society, incidents are likely to increase in number and scale of impact.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国智囊团敦促政府建立人工智能事件报告系统", "description_zh": "长期弹性中心 (CLTR) 的一份新报告称，英国需要一个事件报告系统来记录人工智能的滥用和故障。 CLTR 建议政府 (1) 创建一个事件报告系统，用于记录公共服务中的人工智能故障，并考虑建立一个可以整理所有人工智能相关问题的中心； (2) 委托英国监管机构并咨询专家，以确定哪里存在最令人担忧的差距； (3) 在科学、创新与技术部内建设监测、调查和应对事件的能力，可能包括创建试点事件数据库。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 June 2024", "title": "Labour commits to introducing AI regulation for tech giants", "url": "https://labour.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Labour-Party-manifesto-2024.pdf", "description": "Primary source (labour.org.uk) dated 13 June 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Antitrust & Competition", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工党承诺为科技巨头引入人工智能监管", "description_zh": "工党在其宣言（第 35 页）中宣布，如果赢得英国大选，计划“对少数开发最强大人工智能模型的公司实行具有约束力的监管”。该计划还包括建立一个新的监管创新办公室，以帮助监管机构更新法规、加快审批速度并协调跨境问题。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill lapses as UK Parliament dissolves ahead of general election", "url": "https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/general/dissolution/", "description": "Dissolution is the official term for the end of a Parliament. By law, a general election must be held in the UK, and a new Parliament elected, at least every five years.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国议会在大选前解散，人工智能（监管）法案失效", "description_zh": "英国议会在 2024 年 7 月 4 日大选前解散。因此，任何未经皇室同意的法案，例如《人工智能（监管）法案》，都将失效。除非该法案在解散和选举之间的“清理期”内最终确定，但目前尚不清楚情况是否会如此。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "28 May 2024", "title": "Science, Innovation and Technology Committee report on AI governance and regulation", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/135/science-innovation-and-technology-committee/news/201764/we-must-fundamentally-change-the-way-we-think-about-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "The Science, Innovation and Technology Committee publishes the last report of the 2019-24 Parliament, for its inquiry into the governance of Artificial Intelligence, examining domestic and international developments in the governance and regulation of AI since its August 2023 interim Report.  ", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学、创新及技术委员会关于人工智能治理和监管的报告", "description_zh": "科学、创新和技术委员会发布了 2019-24 英国议会的最新报告，以调查人工智能治理，审查自 2023 年 8 月中期报告以来人工智能治理和监管的国内和国际发展情况。该报告发现，除其他外，（1）当前的部门监管方法是正确的，但如果下一届政府在处理这一快速发展领域的公共利益时遇到任何监管机构的权力差距，则应准备好就人工智能立法； （二）政策制定者如何解决中期报告提出的“人工智能治理十二大挑战”的建议； (3) 新的人工智能安全研究所无法访问一些开发人员的模型进行部署前安全测试，下一届政府应查明任何拒绝预先访问其模型的开发人员（这违反了 2023 年 11 月布莱切利公园峰会上达成的协议），并列出他们的姓名并报告他们拒绝的理由； (4) 在人工智能开发人员掌握大量资源的世界中​​，英国监管机构必须有能力追究他们的责任； (5) 宣布向英国行业监管机构提供 1000 万英镑支持，以应对人工智能在私营和公共部门日益普及的问题，这一举措是不够的，特别是与领先人工智能开发商在英国的收入相比。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "Internet regulators release joint statement to sync content bans and oversight schemes", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-05/GOSRN-Position-Statement-on-Regulatory-Coherence.pdf?v=1716566337715", "description": "Primary source (esafety.gov.au) dated 27 May 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Deepfakes", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "互联网监管机构发布联合声明以同步内容禁令和监管计划", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、英国、法国、韩国、南非、斐济、爱尔兰和斯洛伐克的互联网监管机构发布了一份联合声明，同步其内容限制、用户监控、公司披露和其他旨在减轻网络危害的监督权力。虽然联合声明并非专门针对人工智能，但它涉及用户生成的内容，其中广泛涵盖深度伪造和其他人工智能生成的内容。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.esafety.gov.au', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=8.0)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Seoul Declaration for Safe, Innovative and Inclusive AI — Ministerial Statement, AI Seoul Summit 2024", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-ministerial-statement-for-advancing-ai-safety-innovation-and-inclusivity-seoul-declaration", "description": "The Seoul AI Safety Summit produced two key outcomes: the Seoul Ministerial Declaration endorsed by 27 nations and the Seoul Statement of Intent on AI Safety, in which major frontier AI developers made voluntary safety commitments. The Ministerial Declaration built on Bletchley by extending commitments to AI safety evaluations, international interoperability of safety standards, and inclusive development that benefits all nations including the Global South. It also launched the international network of AI safety institutes and confirmed plans for a further summit in France in early 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安全、创新和包容性人工智能首尔宣言 — 2024 年人工智能首尔峰会部长级声明", "description_zh": "首尔人工智能安全峰会产生了两项重要成果：得到27个国家认可的《首尔部长级宣言》和《首尔人工智能安全意向声明》，其中主要前沿人工智能开发商做出了自愿安全承诺。该部长级宣言以布莱奇利为基础，扩大了对人工智能安全评估、安全标准的国际互操作性以及惠及包括南半球在内的所有国家的包容性发展的承诺。它还启动了人工智能安全机构国际网络，并确认了 2025 年初在法国举行进一步峰会的计划。" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "South Korea and UK co-hosts AI summit in Seoul", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/south-korea-uk-co-host-second-global-ai-summit-boom-fans-risks-2024-05-20/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 21 May 2024) regarding AI policy activity in GB. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国和英国在首尔联合主办人工智能峰会", "description_zh": "韩国和英国将于 5 月 20 日至 21 日在首尔共同主办全球虚拟人工智能峰会。峰会将重点关注人工智能安全、创新和包容性三个重点。七国集团、新加坡、澳大利亚领导人应邀出席，中方将出席峰会部长级会议。第一天，韩国总统尹锡烈和英国首相里希·苏纳克将与领导人进行虚拟会面，领先的人工智能公司将提供最新信息，介绍他们如何履行《布莱切利宣言》中的承诺。第二天，数字部长们将齐聚一堂，召开现场会议（由韩国科学部长李钟浩和英国技术大臣米歇尔·多尼兰主持），分享最佳实践和具体行动计划，讨论如何解决人工智能对能源使用、工人以及错误和虚假信息扩散等领域的负面影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Global AI Summit at Seoul leads to safety commitments on development of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-first-as-companies-spanning-north-america-asia-europe-and-middle-east-agree-safety-commitments-on-development-of-ai", "description": "New commitments to develop AI safely have been agreed with 16 AI tech companies spanning the globe.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Sandbox", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "首尔全球人工智能峰会达成对人工智能发展的安全承诺", "description_zh": "作为首尔全球人工智能峰会的一部分，英国和韩国已获得 16 家全球人工智能科技公司（包括来自美国、中国和中东的公司）的承诺，以《布莱奇利协议》为基础，扩大了签署方名单，以实现一系列安全成果。除其他外，这些公司已承诺：（1）发布人工智能安全框架（如果尚未这样做），说明如何衡量其前沿模型的风险并减轻严重风险； （2）极端情况下，如果风险无法充分缓解，则不开发或部署人工智能模型； (3) 确保负责任的治理结构和前沿人工智能安全方法的公共透明度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界领导人签署首尔宣言和人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、德国、意大利、日本、韩国、新加坡、美国和英国签署了（1）安全、创新和包容性人工智能首尔宣言； (2) 首尔人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明。这些文件共同建立在《布莱奇利宣言》的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能发展，(b) 应对全球挑战和保护人权，以及 (c) 各国承诺创建人工智能安全机构并在人工智能安全科学方面开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "ICO concludes investigation into Snap", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/05/ico-warns-organisations-must-not-ignore-data-protection-risks-as-it-concludes-snap-my-ai-chatbot-investigation/", "description": "ICO concludes investigation into Snap’s approach to assessing the data protection risks of its ‘My AI’ chatbot. Early ICO action highlights the importance of protecting privacy rights in the context of generative AI", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 结束对 Snap 的调查", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室 (ICO) 已结束对 Snap 评估其“My AI”聊天机器人数据保护风险的方法的调查。就背景而言，2023 年 6 月，ICO 开始对“My AI”进行调查，因为担心 Snap 没有履行充分评估新聊天机器人带来的数据保护风险的法律义务。调查导致 ICO 于 2023 年 10 月 6 日向 Snap 发出初步执行通知。调查导致 Snap 采取重大措施，对“My AI”带来的风险进行更彻底的审查，并向 ICO 证明其已实施适当的缓解措施。 ICO 宣布，它对 Snap 现已对“My AI”进行了符合数据保护法的风险评估感到满意。 ICO 将继续监控“My AI”的推出以及如何解决新出现的风险。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "South Korea and UK co-hosts AI summit in Seoul", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/south-korea-uk-co-host-second-global-ai-summit-boom-fans-risks-2024-05-20/", "description": "News report (reuters.com, 21 May 2024) regarding AI policy activity in GB. See linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国和英国在首尔联合主办人工智能峰会", "description_zh": "韩国和英国将于 5 月 20 日至 21 日在首尔共同主办全球虚拟人工智能峰会。峰会将重点关注人工智能安全、创新和包容性三个重点。七国集团、新加坡、澳大利亚领导人应邀出席，中方将出席峰会部长级会议。第一天，韩国总统尹锡烈和英国首相里希·苏纳克将与领导人进行虚拟会面，领先的人工智能公司将提供最新信息，介绍他们如何履行《布莱切利宣言》中的承诺。第二天，数字部长们将齐聚一堂，召开现场会议（由韩国科学部长李钟浩和英国技术大臣米歇尔·多尼兰主持），分享最佳实践和具体行动计划，讨论如何解决人工智能对能源使用、工人以及错误和虚假信息扩散等领域的负面影响。", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Global AI Summit at Seoul leads to safety commitments on development of AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/historic-first-as-companies-spanning-north-america-asia-europe-and-middle-east-agree-safety-commitments-on-development-of-ai", "description": "New commitments to develop AI safely have been agreed with 16 AI tech companies spanning the globe.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "首尔全球人工智能峰会达成对人工智能发展的安全承诺", "description_zh": "作为首尔全球人工智能峰会的一部分，英国和韩国已获得 16 家全球人工智能科技公司（包括来自美国、中国和中东的公司）的承诺，以《布莱奇利协议》为基础，扩大了签署方名单，以实现一系列安全成果。除其他外，这些公司已承诺：（1）发布人工智能安全框架（如果尚未这样做），说明如何衡量其前沿模型的风险并减轻严重风险； （2）极端情况下，如果风险无法充分缓解，则不开发或部署人工智能模型； (3) 确保负责任的治理结构和前沿人工智能安全方法的公共透明度。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "World leaders sign up to Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Seoul Declaration and Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science, agreed by world leaders represented at the AI Seoul Summit, 21 May 2024.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "世界领导人签署首尔宣言和人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明", "description_zh": "澳大利亚、加拿大、欧盟、法国、德国、意大利、日本、韩国、新加坡、美国和英国签署了（1）安全、创新和包容性人工智能首尔宣言； (2) 首尔人工智能安全科学国际合作意向声明。这些文件共同建立在《布莱奇利宣言》的基础上，旨在 (a) 促进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能发展，(b) 应对全球挑战和保护人权，以及 (c) 各国承诺创建人工智能安全机构并在人工智能安全科学方面开展合作，共享有关人工智能模型、风险和安全事件的信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "UK-Canada sign partnership on AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership#:~:text=Confirmed%20by%20UK%20Technology%20Minister,work%20on%20AI%20safety%20research", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国与加拿大签署人工智能安全合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大宣布各自的人工智能安全研究所在人工智能安全方面开展合作。要点包括：（1）深化英国和加拿大在人工智能安全研究方面的现有联系； (2) 优先共享英国人工智能研究资源以进行联合研究； （3）致力于发展国际网络以推进人工智能安全科学和标准； （4）共同推进未来人工智能风险的国际循证报告。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "Self-driving vehicles set to be on roads by 2026 as Automated Vehicles Act becomes law", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/self-driving-vehicles-set-to-be-on-roads-by-2026-as-automated-vehicles-act-becomes-law", "description": "Road safety is at the heart of the legislation, with automated vehicles expected to improve road safety by reducing human error.", "categories": [ "Transport" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "随着《自动驾驶汽车法案》成为法律，自动驾驶汽车将于 2026 年上路", "description_zh": "在《自动驾驶汽车（AV）法案》获得皇室批准后，英国自称“世界领先”的自动驾驶汽车法规现已正式生效。政府表示，全自动驾驶汽车可能会在两年内（即 2026 年）出现在英国道路上。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "UK-Canada sign partnership on AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership/uk-canada-science-of-ai-safety-partnership#:~:text=Confirmed%20by%20UK%20Technology%20Minister,work%20on%20AI%20safety%20research", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国与加拿大签署人工智能安全合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和加拿大宣布各自的人工智能安全研究所在人工智能安全方面开展合作。要点包括：（1）深化英国和加拿大在人工智能安全研究方面的现有联系； (2) 优先共享英国人工智能研究资源以进行联合研究； （3）致力于发展国际网络以推进人工智能安全科学和标准； （4）共同推进未来人工智能风险的国际循证报告。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "DSIT and AI Safety Institute release International Scientific Report on the Safety of Advanced AI", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/international-scientific-report-on-the-safety-of-advanced-ai", "description": "An interim report on the science of advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) safety.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSIT 和人工智能安全研究所发布关于高级人工智能安全的国际科学报告", "description_zh": "《关于高级人工智能安全性的国际科学报告》中期报告对高级人工智能系统的安全性提供了基于科学的理解。这份中期报告在人工智能首尔峰会之前发布，综合了通用人工智能的能力和风险的证据，并评估了评估和减轻这些风险的技术方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 May 2024", "title": "DSIT opens consultation into AI Cybersecurity Code", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/calls-for-evidence/call-for-views-on-the-cyber-security-of-ai", "description": "The government is asking for views on a two-part intervention, including a voluntary Code of Practice on AI cyber security which will form a new global standard.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DSIT 就 AI 网络安全规范展开咨询", "description_zh": "英国科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 已开展公众咨询，以收集有关人工智能 (AI) 网络安全实践守则的反馈。该自愿准则旨在指导利益相关者通过基于原则的网络安全实践，解决人工智能系统的安全设计、开发、部署和维护问题。咨询将于 2024 年 7 月 10 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "ICO opens consultation into engineering individual rights into generative AI models", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/our-work-on-artificial-intelligence/generative-ai-fourth-call-for-evidence/", "description": "This consultation sets out the ICO’s emerging thinking on generative AI development and use. It should not be interpreted as indication that any particular form of data processing discussed below is legally compliant.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 就将个人权利纳入生成人工智能模型展开咨询", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室（ICO）已就生成人工智能模型生命周期内个人权利工程的调查展开公众咨询。调查 (1) 寻求有关人工智能开发者和部署者如何确保遵守数据保护法的信息，特别是有关个人数据权利的信息，例如知情、访问数据、删除数据和限制其使用； (2) 旨在收集有关组织为履行这些法律义务而采用的有效做法的信息。磋商将于 2024 年 6 月 10 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "10 May 2024", "title": "AI Safety Institute releases new AI safety evaluations platform", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ai-safety-institute-releases-new-ai-safety-evaluations-platform", "description": "The AI Safety Institute has open released a new testing platform to strengthen AI safety evaluations.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI安全研究所发布新的AI安全评估平台", "description_zh": "英国人工智能（AI）安全研究所推出了开源人工智能安全测试平台，旨在加强人工智能安全评估。该平台允许测试人员评估人工智能模型并根据其能力给出分数。该平台旨在通过支持全球研究人员和开发人员之间的协作来加速更安全的人工智能模型的开发。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "UK MHRA launches AI Airlock", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-launches-ai-airlock-to-address-challenges-for-regulating-medical-devices-that-use-artificial-intelligence", "description": "The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has today (9 May 2024) launched AI Airlock, its new regulatory sandbox for AI as a Medical Device (AIaMD).", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国 MHRA 推出 AI Airlock", "description_zh": "药品和医疗保健产品监管机构 (MHRA) 推出了人工智能监管沙箱 AI Airlock，以监管通过 NHS 基础设施部署的独立人工智能医疗设备 (AIaMD)。监管沙盒模型将通过模拟支持 4-6 个虚拟或现实世界的项目。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "1 May 2024", "title": "MPs call for legislation to protect artists from deepfakes and copyright infringement", "url": "https://www.ukmusic.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/APPG-AI-Report-Low-res.pdf", "description": "Primary source (ukmusic.org) dated 1 May 2024 in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Deepfakes", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "议员呼吁立法保护艺术家免受深度假货和版权侵犯", "description_zh": "一个由议员和同行组成的有影响力的跨党派团体“全党派议会音乐小组（APPG）”发布了一份新报告，呼吁制定新的立法，通过监管人工智能来支持英国音乐产业和乐迷。报告建议英国政府应采取以下行动：（1）出台一项雄心勃勃的英国人工智能法案； （2）确保所有人工智能生成的副本都有明确的标签，以便乐迷可以公平地决定是否要消费人工智能生成的内容； (3) 引入特定的人格权，以保护创作者和艺术家免受深度伪造、盗用和虚假认可； (4) 牵头创建一个有利于创意产业的人工智能国际工作组。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "MHRA announces AI regulatory strategy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhras-ai-regulatory-strategy-ensures-patient-safety-and-industry-innovation-into-2030", "description": "The MHRA has today set out its strategic approach to artificial intelligence (AI)", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 宣布人工智能监管策略", "description_zh": "药品和保健品监管机构 (MHRA) 宣布了其人工智能战略方针。 MHRA (1) 欢迎政府于 2023 年发布的白皮书《人工智能监管的支持创新方法》； (2) 旨在将人工智能和技术纳入医疗保健系统，以实现更快、更简单和更公平的医疗保健，同时确保监管决策基于证据； (3) 正在致力于实施人工智能驱动的医疗器械的监管改革计划，包括对“人工智能作为医疗器械”的风险比例监管。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "24 April 2024", "title": "CMA seeks views on AI partnerships and other arrangements", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-seeks-views-on-ai-partnerships-and-other-arrangements", "description": "Invitation to comment launched by the CMA on the partnerships between Microsoft and Mistral AI, and Amazon and Anthropic, and Microsoft’s hiring of former employees and related arrangements with Inflection AI.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA就人工智能合作伙伴关系和其他安排征求意见", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 已就微软与 Mistral AI、亚马逊与 Anthropic 之间的合作伙伴关系，以及微软雇用前员工以及与 Inflection AI 的相关安排展开公众咨询，截止日期为 2024 年 5 月 9 日。CMA 特别就合作伙伴关系和其他安排是否可能导致合并情况以及这些交易对英国竞争的潜在影响征求意见。此次磋商是在 CMA 于 2024 年 4 月 11 日发布的关于人工智能基础模型市场竞争的报告之后进行的，特别是担心涉及关键参与者的合作伙伴关系可能会通过基础模型的价值链加剧现有的市场力量地位。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "22 April 2024", "title": "UK Government provides funding to help AI and digital innovators navigate regulations", "url": "https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366581775/Government-provides-funding-to-help-innovators-navigate-regs", "description": "The Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (DSIT) has introduced a pilot scheme called the AI and Digital Hub, which links up AI and digital innovators and regulators.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国政府提供资金帮助人工智能和数字创新者应对法规", "description_zh": "科学、技术和创新部 (DSIT) 推出了人工智能和数字中心试点计划，旨在将人工智能和数字创新者与监管机构联系起来。该计划获得了近 200 万英镑的政府资助，旨在为创新者提供非正式建议，帮助他们遵守各种监管框架。 DRCF 人工智能和数字中心汇集了监管人工智能的四个主要监管机构（竞争与市场管理局（CMA）、金融行为监管局（FCA）、信息专员办公室（ICO）和 Ofcom），使企业更容易获得必要的支持。试点计划的成果也可能有助于制定新的监管指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "Trade Union Congress proposes draft Artificial Intelligence (Regulation and Employment Rights) Bill", "url": "https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/artificial-intelligence-regulation-and-employment-rights-bill", "description": "In September 2023, the TUC set up a taskforce with the AI Law Consultancy at Cloisters Chambers, and the Cambridge University Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy, in order to manage the drafting of the Artificial Intelligence (Regulation and Employment) Bill (“The Bill”).", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工会大会提出人工智能（监管和就业权利）法案草案", "description_zh": "英国工会大会（TUC）发布了一项关注人工智能背景下就业权利的法案。该法案概述了有关人工智能的监管义务，并详细说明了关键监管机构在涉及人工智能系统的就业和部署的任何情况下必须适用的原则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 April 2024", "title": "New amendment to tackle sexually explicit deepfakes", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-cracks-down-on-deepfakes-creation", "description": "Despicable people who create sexually explicit ‘deepfakes’ will face prosecution under a new law announced by the government today (16 April 2024).", "categories": [ "Deepfakes", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "解决露骨色情深度伪造问题的新修正案", "description_zh": "英国政府对《刑事司法法案》提出了一项修正案，该修正案将针对创建露骨的深度伪造图像。根据该修正案，如果犯罪者制作露骨的深度伪造内容，意图对受害者造成恐慌、羞辱或痛苦，即使他们无意分享，也将面临起诉和无限制的罚款。政府将该法律定位为加强对妇女法律保护的更广泛努力的一部分。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 April 2024", "title": "CMA publishes updated review of competition in AI models", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-foundation-models-update-paper", "description": "Update paper as part of the CMA's AI Foundation Models: initial review, following initial report in September 2023.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 发布人工智能模型竞争的最新审查", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 继 2023 年 9 月发布初始报告后，发布了基础模型 (FM) 市场竞争的最新审查，该报告提出了指导 FM 开发和部署的原则，以实现竞争和消费者保护的积极成果。更新文件：(1) 概述并讨论了自初次报告以来 FM 行业的主要变化； (2) 确认引导市场在竞争和消费者保护方面取得积极成果的最终原则； (3) 列出竞争和消费者保护面临的风险，包括FM行业当前和潜在发展带来的公平、公开和有效竞争的三大主要风险，评估CMA的原则和行动将如何缓解这些风险； (4) 概述了 CMA AI FM 工作计划的后续步骤", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 April 2024", "title": "Information Commissioner’s Office seeks views on accuracy of generative AI models", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/04/information-commissioner-s-office-seeks-views-on-accuracy-of-generative-ai-models/", "description": "The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has launched the latest instalment in its consultation series examining how data protection law applies to the development and use of generative AI. The third consultation in the series focuses on how data protection’s accuracy principle applies to the outputs of generative AI models, and the impact that accurate training data has on the output.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "信息专员办公室就生成人工智能模型的准确性征求意见", "description_zh": "英国信息专员办公室（ICO）发起了关于数据保护法在生成人工智能中的应用的一系列咨询。该调查寻求以下方面的见解：（1）训练数据的准确性如何影响生成人工智能模型的输出，（2）数据保护的准确性原则如何影响输出的准确性，（3）要求开发人员概述训练数据的准确性及其对输出的影响，并考虑模型的统计准确性与其目的之间的关系。咨询将于 2024 年 5 月 10 日结束。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 April 2024", "title": "CMA CEO speaks on competition issues in AI foundation models", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/opening-remarks-at-the-american-bar-association-aba-chairs-showcase-on-ai-foundation-models", "description": "Remarks by Sarah Cardell, CEO of the CMA, delivered during the 72nd Antitrust Law Spring Meeting. Washington DC, USA.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA首席执行官谈AI基础模型的竞争问题", "description_zh": "英国竞争与市场管理局（CMA）首席执行官莎拉·卡德尔（Sarah Cardell）在华盛顿发表了关于人工智能监管的演讲，强调了（1）先前宣布的对云服务提供商的调查中针对人工智能的新要素，（2）人工智能可能会扰乱这些公司拥有市场力量的市场，（3）开发人员之间保持独立和有竞争力的产品的重要性，以及基础模型部署的多样性和选择，以及（4）与关键参与者的合作可能会增强他们在整个价值链中的市场力量的担忧。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 April 2024", "title": "US and UK announce partnership on science of AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-united-states-announce-partnership-on-science-of-ai-safety", "description": "The UK and US have signed a Memorandum of Understanding which will see them work together to develop tests for the most advanced AI models.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国和英国宣布在人工智能安全科学方面建立伙伴关系", "description_zh": "美国和英国人工智能安全研究所签署了一份谅解备忘录，就人工智能安全的研究、安全评估和指导进行合作。他们的目标是通过信息共享、密切合作和专家人员交流来发展共享能力。此次合作将重点开发先进人工智能模型的测试，并构建人工智能安全测试的通用方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 April 2024", "title": "US and UK announce partnership on science of AI safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-united-states-announce-partnership-on-science-of-ai-safety", "description": "The UK and US have signed a Memorandum of Understanding which will see them work together to develop tests for the most advanced AI models.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国和英国宣布在人工智能安全科学方面建立伙伴关系", "description_zh": "美国和英国人工智能安全研究所签署了一份谅解备忘录，就人工智能安全的研究、安全评估和指导进行合作。他们的目标是通过信息共享、密切合作和专家人员交流来发展共享能力。此次合作将重点开发先进人工智能模型的测试，并构建人工智能安全测试的通用方法。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "23 March 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill [HL] goes through second reading", "url": "https://chrisholmes.co.uk/hansard/artificial-intelligence-regulation-bill-hl-second-reading-lords-debates/", "description": "My Lords, I thank all noble Lords who have contributed to this excellent debate. It is pretty clear that the issues are very much with us today and we have what we need to act today. To respond to a question kindly asked by the noble Lord, Lord Davies of Brixton, in my drafting I am probably allowing “relevant” regulators to do some quite heavy lifting, but what I envisage within that is certainly all the economic regulators, and indeed all regulators who are in a sector where AI is being developed, deployed and in use. Everybody who has taken part in this debate and beyond may benefit from ha", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能（监管）法案[HL]经过二读", "description_zh": "《人工智能（监管）法案 [HL]》已在上议院接受二读。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "26 February 2024", "title": "ICO makes second call for evidence on Generative AI", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/what-we-do/our-work-on-artificial-intelligence/generative-ai-second-call-for-evidence/", "description": "This consultation sets out the ICO’s emerging thinking on generative AI development and use. It should not be interpreted as indication that any particular form of data processing discussed below is legally compliant.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 第二次呼吁提供生成人工智能的证据", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室 (ICO) 发起了关于生成式人工智能生命周期中目的限制的咨询，直至 2024 年 4 月 12 日。该咨询旨在明确如何将目的限制原则（要求个人数据处理目的的透明度）纳入生成式人工智能生命周期的不同阶段。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "12 February 2024", "title": "Introduction to AI assurance released", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-to-ai-assurance", "description": "An introductory guide for practitioners interested in finding out how assurance techniques can support the development of responsible AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "发布AI保障简介", "description_zh": "英国科学、创新和技术部发布了一份介绍性指南，为组织了解人工智能保证技术如何确保人工智能系统的安全和负责任的开发和部署提供支持。它介绍了关键概念和术语，将它们置于人工智能治理领域，并符合英国的人工智能监管原则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "06 February 2024", "title": "A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation: government response (CP 1019)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach/a-pro-innovation-approach-to-ai-regulation-government-response", "description": "This document set out the UK government's response to the March 2023 white paper consultation, confirming the decision to embed the five AI principles in existing regulatory frameworks rather than create a standalone AI Act. It announced additional measures including mandatory transparency requirements for AI use in public services, a central risk function, and new regulatory sandboxes, while retaining flexibility to introduce binding obligations for frontier models if voluntary commitments proved insufficient. The response also confirmed the UK's international engagement strategy through the AI Safety Institute and bilateral agreements with allied nations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Liability & Accountability", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管的支持创新方法：政府回应 (CP 1019)", "description_zh": "该文件阐述了英国政府对 2023 年 3 月白皮书咨询的回应，确认了将五项人工智能原则嵌入现有监管框架而不是制定独立的人工智能法案的决定。它宣布了其他措施，包括公共服务中人工智能使用的强制性透明度要求、中央风险职能和新的监管沙箱，同时保留灵活性，如果自愿承诺证明不足，可以为前沿模型引入具有约束力的义务。该回应还确认了英国通过人工智能安全研究所以及与盟国签订的双边协议的国际参与战略。" }, { "date": "6 February 2024", "title": "UK government releases response paper on AI regulation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach-policy-proposals/outcome/a-pro-innovation-approach-to-ai-regulation-government-response#ministerial-foreword", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Agentic Ai", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府发布人工智能监管回应文件", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了对公众对国家人工智能监管策略反馈的回应。该回应重申了 2023 年 3 月白皮书中提出的想法，并建议英国将继续其“支持创新”的做法，即授权监管机构在各自领域推动和实施跨部门人工智能原则。该回应还宣布了对“高性能通用人工智能模型”开发人员约束人工智能安全要求的“初步想法”，以及为各种人工智能安全相关项目和新研究中心提供超过 1 亿英镑的资金。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "Communications and Digital Committee report on LLMs, saying the \"UK should be more positive about AI to avoid missing out on tech 'goldrush'\"", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/170/communications-and-digital-committee/news/199728/uk-will-miss-ai-goldrush-unless-government-adopts-a-more-positive-vision/", "description": "The Communications and Digital Committee’s report, says large language models will produce epoch defining changes comparable with the invention of the internet.", "categories": [ "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信和数字委员会关于法学硕士的报告称，“英国应该对人工智能更加积极，以避免错过科技‘淘金热’”", "description_zh": "英国通信和数字委员会报告称，英国政府对人工智能和大型语言模型的态度过于关注人工智能安全的狭隘观点。该报告呼吁英国政府（1）对法学硕士采取更积极的愿景，而不是对人类生存受到威胁的世界末日担忧； (2) 重点关注有限的近期安全风险，包括网络攻击、儿童性剥削材料、恐怖内容和虚假信息； （3）对高风险模型建立强制性安全测试，更加注重设计安全； (4) 支持版权所有者并最终结束版权纠纷，包括在必要时通过立法； (5) 一系列措施，包括权利持有者检查培训数据是否侵犯版权的方法、投资新数据集以鼓励科技公司为许可内容付费，以及要求科技公司声明其网络爬虫的用途。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 January 2024", "title": "Generative AI Framework for HMG", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/generative-ai-framework-for-hmg", "description": "Official source record dated 18 January 2024 for United Kingdom concerning Generative AI Framework for HMG. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HMG 的生成式人工智能框架", "description_zh": "英国政府推出了生成式人工智能框架，为政府雇员负责任地使用生成式人工智能提供指导。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "15 January 2024", "title": "UK Information Commissioner source on generative AI governance", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2024/01/information-commissioner-s-office-launches-consultation-series-on-generative-ai/", "description": "Official source record dated 15 January 2024 for United Kingdom concerning ICO launches consultation series on generative AI. See the linked ico.org.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ICO 推出生成式人工智能咨询系列", "description_zh": "信息专员办公室 (ICO) 启动了关于生成人工智能的咨询系列，研究数据保护法的各个方面应如何适用于该技术的开发和使用。第一次咨询开放至 2024 年 3 月 1 日。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "CMS Committee confirms UK will not pursue broad copyright exception for text and data mining", "url": "https://committees.parliament.uk/committee/378/culture-media-and-sport-committee/news/199318/connected-technology-cms-committee-publishes-government-response-to-report-on-ai-and-intellectual-property/", "description": "The Culture, Media and Sport Committee publishes the Government response to its second report on connected tech, which highlighted concerns from across the creative industries about allowing the developers of AI to mine private intellectual property for profit without sharing with the original creators.", "categories": [ "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMS 委员会确认英国不会对文本和数据挖掘寻求广泛的版权例外", "description_zh": "文化、媒体和体育委员会发布了政府对其第二份互联技术报告的回应，该报告强调了整个创意产业对允许人工智能开发商在不与原始创作者分享的情况下挖掘私人知识产权以获取利润的担忧。答复证实，政府不再继续执行其最初的文本和数据挖掘广泛版权例外提案。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "Harber v. HMRC", "url": "https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKFTT/TC/2023/TC09010.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Outcome: No Sanction on Litigant; Warning implied for lawyers..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈伯诉英国税务海关总署", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在之前的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：不对诉讼当事人实施制裁；对律师的警告..", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No Sanction on Litigant; Warning implied for lawyers.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 November 2023", "title": "AI Safety Institute: overview and update — Department for Science, Innovation and Technology", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-institute-overview/ai-safety-institute-overview", "description": "This policy paper announced the establishment of the UK AI Safety Institute (AISI) as the world's first government body dedicated to AI safety research and evaluation, launched at the AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park. The AISI is tasked with conducting safety evaluations of frontier AI models, building the scientific and empirical understanding of AI safety risks, and sharing findings with the international community. It operates within the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) and has subsequently conducted evaluations in partnership with the US AI Safety Institute.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全研究所：概述和更新 — 科学、创新和技术部", "description_zh": "该政策文件宣布成立英国人工智能安全研究所（AISI），作为世界上第一个致力于人工智能安全研究和评估的政府机构，并在布莱切利公园举行的人工智能安全峰会上启动。 AISI的任务是对前沿人工智能模型进行安全评估，建立对人工智能安全风险的科学和实证理解，并与国际社会分享研究结果。它在科学、创新和技术部 (DSIT) 内运作，随后与美国人工智能安全研究所合作进行了评估。" }, { "date": "27 November 2023", "title": "UK and US develop new global guidelines for AI security", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/news/uk-develops-new-global-guidelines-ai-security", "description": "New guidelines for secure AI system development will help developers of any systems that use AI make informed cyber security decisions at every stage of the development process.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国和美国制定新的人工智能安全全球指南", "description_zh": "英国国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 和美国网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA)（与行业专家和其他 21 个国际机构和部委合作）推出了“安全人工智能系统开发指南”，该指南将帮助任何使用人工智能的系统的开发人员在开发过程的每个阶段做出明智的网络安全决策。该指南重点关注 4 个关键领域：(1) 安全设计、(2) 安全开发、(3) 安全部署、(4) 安全运维。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "2 November 2023", "title": "AI Safety Institute launched", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-launches-new-ai-safety-institute", "description": "World's first AI Safety Institute launched in UK, tasked with testing the safety of emerging types of AI.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Generative AI", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能安全研究所成立", "description_zh": "英国成立了世界上第一个人工智能安全研究所，负责测试新兴人工智能类型的安全性。该研究所将在新型前沿人工智能发布前后对其进行仔细测试，以解决人工智能模型潜在有害的能力，包括探索所有风险，从偏见和错误信息等社会危害，到最不可能但极端的风险，例如人类完全失去对人工智能的控制。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "MHRA to launch the AI-Airlock, a new regulatory sandbox for AI developers", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/mhra-to-launch-the-ai-airlock-a-new-regulatory-sandbox-for-ai-developers", "description": "The AI-Airlock will assist in the development and deployment of software and AI medical devices, safely providing patients with earlier access to cutting edge innovations that improve care.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Health & Life Sciences" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MHRA 将推出 AI-Airlock，这是面向人工智能开发人员的新监管沙箱", "description_zh": "美国药品和保健产品监管局 (MHRA) 宣布推出新的监管沙箱 AI-Airlock，以促进软件和人工智能医疗设备的安全开发和部署。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "16 October 2023", "title": "UK government source on AI bias mitigation policy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-innovation-challenge-launched-to-tackle-bias-in-ai-systems", "description": "Official source record dated 16 October 2023 for United Kingdom concerning New innovation challenge launched to tackle bias in AI systems. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "发起新的创新挑战以解决人工智能系统中的偏见", "description_zh": "从今天起，英国公司可以申请高达 40 万英镑的政府投资，以资助解决人工智能系统中的偏见和歧视问题的创新解决方案。此次竞赛将支持最多三个突破性的本土解决方案，成功竞标的每个解决方案将获得高达 13 万英镑的资金支持。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "18 September 2023", "title": "CMA initial report on Foundation Models", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-foundation-models-initial-report", "description": "A report following the CMA's review into AI Foundation Models, and their impact on competition and consumer protection.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA 关于基础模型的初步报告", "description_zh": "CMA 发布了基础模型审查的初步报告。该报告提出了一些指导原则，以确保“随着 FM 的开发和部署的发展，竞争和消费者保护仍然是有效的驱动力”。这些原则是：(1) 问责制、(2) 准入、(3) 多样性、(4) 选择、(5) 灵活性、(6) 公平交易和 (7) 透明度。 CMA 计划征求广泛人士的意见（包括消费者团体、大型科技公司、学术界等），并将于 2024 年初发布其想法的更新。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "31 August 2023", "title": "UK House of Commons Science, Innovation and Technology interim report on AI challenges", "url": "https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm5803/cmselect/cmsctech/1769/summary.html", "description": "This is a House of Commons Committee report, with recommendations to government. The Government has two months to respond.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国下议院科学、创新和技术关于人工智能挑战的中期报告", "description_zh": "英国下议院科学、创新和技术委员会（SITC）发布了一份中期报告，敦促政府加快实施人工智能监管制度，列出了政策制定者及其设计的框架必须应对的 12 项人工智能治理挑战。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 May 2023", "title": "Unknown case", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Manchester.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "未知案例", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在曼彻斯特法院。", "court": "Manchester", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 May 2023", "title": "CMA launches initial review of AI models", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cma-launches-initial-review-of-artificial-intelligence-models", "description": "The CMA is opening an initial review of competition and consumer protection considerations in the development and use of AI foundation models.", "categories": [ "Antitrust & Competition", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CMA启动人工智能模型初步审查", "description_zh": "英国竞争监管机构竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 宣布将对与人工智能“基础模型”（例如大型语言模型）相关的竞争和消费者问题进行审查，包括：（i）审查基础模型及其使用的竞争市场如何演变； (ii) 探索这些情景可能为竞争和消费者保护带来的机遇和风险； (iii) 随着人工智能基础模型的发展，制定支持竞争和保护消费者的指导原则。 CMA 正在征求公众意见，欢迎在 2023 年 6 月 2 日之前提交意见。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "29 March 2023", "title": "AI Regulation: a pro-innovation approach — White Paper (CP 815)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach", "description": "This white paper set out the UK government's initial framework for AI regulation, deliberately rejecting a single binding AI law in favour of a principles-based, sector-led approach administered by existing regulators such as the FCA, CMA, and ICO. It identified five cross-sector principles — safety, security and robustness; appropriate transparency and explainability; fairness; accountability and governance; contestability and redress — to be applied contextually by sectoral regulators rather than through new primary legislation. A consultation ran from March to June 2023, followed by an updated response paper in February 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Liability & Accountability", "Human Rights & Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能监管：支持创新的方法 — 白皮书 (CP 815)", "description_zh": "本白皮书阐述了英国政府人工智能监管的初步框架，故意拒绝单一具有约束力的人工智能法律，转而采用由 FCA、CMA 和 ICO 等现有监管机构管理的基于原则、部门主导的方法。它确定了五项跨部门原则——安全性、保障性和稳健性；适当的透明度和可解释性；公平；问责制和治理；可竞争性和补救措施——由部门监管机构根据具体情况应用，而不是通过新的主要立法。咨询从 3 月持续到 2023 年 6 月，随后于 2024 年 2 月发布了更新的回应文件。" }, { "title": "AI Opportunities Action Plan (2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-opportunities-action-plan-government-response/ai-opportunities-action-plan-government-response", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Copyright & Intellectual Property", "Energy & Environment", "Infrastructure & Hardware" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能机会行动计划（2025）：", "description_zh": "该计划概述了加速人工智能开发和部署的 50 项措施。该计划包括（1）引入专门的“人工智能增长区”（从牛津郡卡勒姆开始），以加快规划提案并建设更多人工智能基础设施； (2) 将公共计算能力提高二十倍并开发新的超级计算机； (3) 一个新的国家数据库，以安全可靠地释放公共数据的价值并支持人工智能的发展； (4) 由科学部长和能源部长担任主席的专门人工智能能源委员会，与能源公司合作，了解与人工智能相关的能源需求和挑战； (5) 提出监管人工智能并建立有利于人工智能行业和创意产业的版权框架的措施。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "AI policy update — The Bletchley Declaration (2023)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchley-declaration/the-bletchley-declaration-by-countries-attending-the-ai-safety-summit-1-2-november-2023", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Public Sector & Governance", "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布莱奇利宣言 (2023)：", "description_zh": "《布莱奇利宣言》是由美国、中国、欧盟和英国等 28 个国家在布莱奇利公园举行的首届人工智能安全峰会上签署的国际声明，代表了关于前沿人工智能风险的首个多边共识。该宣言确定了最有能力的前沿人工智能模型带来的风险，包括网络安全、生物技术和更广泛的社会危害等领域，并承诺签署方在人工智能安全研究、评估和信息共享方面开展国际合作。它为正在进行的峰会（2024 年首尔峰会、2025 年巴黎峰会）和人工智能安全机构国际网络奠定了政治基础。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "National Whitepaper on AI Regulation (2023)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-regulation-a-pro-innovation-approach/white-paper", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能监管白皮书（2023）：", "description_zh": "英国政府发布了一份白皮书，建议建立一个基于原则的监管框架，该框架将首先在非法定的基础上发布，以提供对人工智能未来发展做出快速、相应的敏捷性响应。支持该框架的 5 项原则是：(1) 安全性、安保性和稳健性；(2) 透明度和可解释性；(3) 公平性；(4) 问责制和治理；(5) 可竞争性和补救性。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill (2025)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3942", "description": "Current version of Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill [HL] with latest news, sponsors, and progress through Houses", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Copyright & Ip" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能（监管）法案 (2025)", "description_zh": "上议院议员里士满的霍姆斯勋爵重新提出了私人议员法案。该法案最初于 2023 年 11 月提出，但随着政府更迭而失效。该法案的特点包括（1）建立一个新的人工智能管理局，该机构将寻求确保不同经济部门的监管机构保持一致，并找出任何监管差距。人工智能管理局还将具有其他职能，包括监控人工智能产生的经济风险、水平扫描开发技术、促进沙盒计划以测试新的人工智能模型，以及对人工智能审计师进行认证； (2) 一套管理人工智能开发和使用的监管原则。其中包括安全性、安保性和稳健性、透明度、公平性、问责制、治理、可竞争性和补救； （3）关于人工智能机遇和风险的“有意义的、长期的公众参与”条款； (4) 关于第三方数据使用透明度的规定； (5) 在训练数据集中使用知识产权的知情同意原则。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "DRAFT", "title": "Public Authority Algorithmic and Automated Decision-Making Systems Bill (2024)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/publications/56170/documents/5068", "description": "Primary source (bills.parliament.uk) dated DRAFT in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共机构算法和自动决策系统法案 (2024)", "description_zh": "一项规范公共部门决策过程中自动化和算法工具使用的法案； (ii) 要求公共当局完成对自动化和算法决策系统的影响评估； (iii) 确保此类系统采用透明度标准。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "LAPSED", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation and Workers' Rights) Bill (2023)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/bills/3464", "description": "Current version of Artificial Intelligence (Regulation and Workers' Rights) Bill with latest news, sponsors, and progress through Houses", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能（监管和工人权利）法案 (2023)", "description_zh": "一项私人会员法案，旨在规范人工智能技术在工作场所的使用；就与使用人工智能技术有关的工人和工会权利做出规定；并用于相关目的。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "LAPSED", "title": "Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill [HL] (2023)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.uk/publications/53068/documents/4030", "description": "Primary source (bills.parliament.uk) dated LAPSED in GB. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Sandbox", "Copyright & Ip", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能（监管）法案 [HL] (2023)", "description_zh": "里士满霍姆斯勋爵提出的人工智能监管法案。它建议（1）建立国家“人工智能管理局”来规范人工智能； (2) 制定人工智能管理局必须考虑的监管原则； （3）建立人工智能监管沙箱； （四）要求开发、部署、使用人工智能的企业有人工智能负责人； (5) 施加透明度、知识产权和标签义务； (6) 要求人工智能管理局实施有关人工智能机遇和风险的公众参与计划。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Artifical Intelligence Playbook for the UK Government (2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-playbook-for-the-uk-government", "description": "The playbook offers guidance on using AI safely, effectively and securely for civil servants and people working in government organisations", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英国政府人工智能手册（2025）：", "description_zh": "该手册为各部门和公共部门组织提供了有关安全有效使用人工智能的易于理解的技术指导。该手册由五个部分组成：(1) 所有公务员在政府中使用人工智能时应遵循的 10 条原则，(2) 介绍性概述人工智能（包括生成式人工智能）的基础、其应用、能力和对所有公务员的限制； (3) 企业和技术指导，涉及如何了解人工智能是否是​​适合工作的工具、政府应避免哪些用例、如何进行人工智能用户研究、如何建立人工智能团队并获得必要的技能以及如何购买、采购和实施人工智能产品等主题； (4) 团队领导者和高级决策者在从事人工智能工作时应考虑的人工智能项目的法律、道德、安全和治理方面的概述，讨论偏见、隐私、版权、数据保护和网络安全等话题； (5) 附录包含公共部门的人工智能用例。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Responsible AI Toolkit", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/responsible-ai-toolkit", "description": "Official source record for United Kingdom concerning AI policy update — Responsible AI Toolkit. See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Sandbox" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "负责任的人工智能工具包：", "description_zh": "该指南工具包旨在支持组织和从业者安全、负责任地开发和部署人工智能系统。该工具包由英国政府负责任技术采用部门开发，并将随着时间的推移使用新资源进行更新。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Introduction to AI assurance (2024)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-to-ai-assurance", "description": "An introductory guide for practitioners interested in finding out how assurance techniques can support the development of responsible AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能保障简介（2024）：", "description_zh": "本指南旨在提供对保证机制和全球技术标准的简单介绍，以帮助行业和监管机构更好地了解如何构建和部署负责任的人工智能系统。该指南将定期更新，以反映利益相关者的反馈、不断变化的监管环境和新兴的全球最佳实践。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "Generative AI Framework for HMG (2024)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/generative-ai-framework-for-hmg", "description": "Official source record for United Kingdom concerning Generative AI Framework for HMG (2024). See the linked gov.uk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HMG 生成式人工智能框架 (2024)：", "description_zh": "为公务员和政府组织工作人员安全可靠地使用生成式人工智能的指南。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Algorithmic Transparency Standard (2023)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/algorithmic-transparency-reports", "description": "Find algorithmic transparency records from UK public sector organisations with information on algorithmic tools used in decision making. These are completed in accordance with the Algorithmic Transparency Recording Standard.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "算法透明度标准 (2023)：", "description_zh": "一种记录标准，可帮助公共部门机构提供有关其使用的算法工具以及使用这些工具的原因的清晰信息。该标准是世界上第一个关于政府决策中算法工具使用透明度的政策之一。它包括算法透明度数据标准以及算法透明度模板和指南，帮助公共部门组织向数据标准提供信息。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "Ethics, Transparency and Accountability Framework for Automated Decision-Making (2021)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ethics-transparency-and-accountability-framework-for-automated-decision-making/ethics-transparency-and-accountability-framework-for-automated-decision-making", "description": "This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk .", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自动决策的道德、透明度和问责框架 (2021)：", "description_zh": "一个 7 点框架，将帮助政府部门安全、可持续和合乎道德地使用自动化或算法决策系统。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "title": "UK AI Regulation Status Overview (March 2024)", "url": "https://blog.hubspot.com/ai/ai-regulation-in-uk?hubs_content=blog.hubspot.com%252Fai%252Fai-regulation-in-uk&hubs_content-cta=null", "description": "When it comes to AI, the UK has been at the forefront of innovation. Let's break down the nation's AI strategy and how it compares with the EU's.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国人工智能监管现状（2024 年 3 月 12 日）：", "description_zh": "快速概述英国人工智能监管环境及其支持创新方法的独特特征。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true }, { "title": "AI policy update — Was The UK AI Summit Too Focused On Big tech? (3 November 2023)", "url": "", "description": "A few weeks ago, discussing the rise of the dollar to financial pre-eminence after Bretton Woods, I mentioned Lord Halifax’ comment ‘ they have all the money but we have all the brains’ , regarding the rise of American power relative to the declining role of Britain in the post-war period. I normally try not to re-use quotes but this one has stuck with me, and I will at least try to embellish it.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国人工智能峰会是否过于关注大型科技？ （2023 年 11 月 3 日）：", "description_zh": "对英国举办的全球人工智能峰会的批判性分析。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary", "_title_rewritten": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Kamal v Tax Policy Associates", "url": "/documents/1643/Kamal_v._Neidle_UK_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant deployed AI-generated fabricated case citations in correspondence/pleadings, prompting extra cross-checking; court described the deployment as unacceptable and relied on it as part of poor litigation conduct.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡迈勒诉税务政策协会", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|索赔人在信函/诉状中部署了人工智能生成的伪造案例引文，促使进行额外的交叉检查；法院称这种部署是不可接受的，并将其视为不良诉讼行为的一部分。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Partial strike-out, summary judgment for the defendants", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Re A, B, C, D (Extension of assessment; Use of AI: hallucinations)", "url": "/documents/1857/Re_A_B_C_D_UK_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Skeleton argument contained citations that did not relate to the cases named; advocates agreed several citations/propositions were erroneous and the court identified these as AI-generated fabricated case law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Some cited authorities were existing cases or statutes that did not support the propositions advanced—misattribution of precedent and statutory provisions traced to AI output. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Statutory provisions were cited in support of propositions they did not establish, attributed to AI assistance without verification.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Re A、B、C、D（评估扩展；人工智能的使用：幻觉）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|骨架论点包含与指定案例无关的引文；倡导者一致认为，一些引文/命题是错误的，法院将这些认定为人工智能生成的捏造判例法。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|一些引用的权威机构是不支持所提出的主张的现有案例或法规——对人工智能输出的先例和法律条款的错误归因。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|法律条款被引用来支持他们没有建立的主张，归因于未经验证的人工智能援助。", "court": "Family Court Bournemouth", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Brightwaters Energy Limited v Eroton Exploration and Production Company Limited", "url": "/documents/1860/Brightwater_v._Eroton_UK_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Eroton's counsel relied on a supposed 2014 HHJ Pelling KC authority which did not exist; the court held the text was invented by AI and counsel promptly acknowledged the error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brightwaters Energy Limited v Eroton Exploration and Production Company Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Eroton 的律师依赖的是所谓的 2014 年 HHJ Pelling KC 权威，但实际上并不存在；法院认为该文本是人工智能发明的，律师立即承认了这一错误。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "PSAHSC v. Tchampet", "url": "/documents/1450/PSAHSC_v._Tchampet_UK_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Written submissions relied on Ghosh v GMC [2001] UKPC 29 as authority for a proposition it did not support; court found the AI had produced an unsupported citation/authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Written submissions contained a purported quotation attributed to Fatnani v GMC [2007] EWCA Civ 46 that did not appear in that authority; court found it to be a phantom created by AI. || False Quotes: Case Law | Written submissions included a purported quotation from para 21 of Gupta v GMC [2001] UKPC 61 which did not exist; court identified it as AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PSAHSC 诉 Tchampet", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|书面意见以 Ghosh v GMC [2001] UKPC 29 作为其不支持的主张的权威；法院发现人工智能产生了不受支持的引文/权威。 ||虚假引述：判例法|书面意见中包含据称源自 Fatnani v GMC [2007] EWCA Civ 46 的引文，但该引文并未出现在该权威机构中；法庭认定这是人工智能创造的幻影。 ||虚假引述：判例法|书面意见包括据称引用的 Gupta v GMC [2001] UKPC 61 第 21 段，但该段并不存在；法院认定它是人工智能生成的。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft Co-Pilot", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Folarin v. The Immigration Services Commissionner", "url": "/documents/1427/Folarin_v._Immigration_Services_Commissioner_UK_29_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal was unable to locate several case citations the appellant relied on; the citations were generated by ChatGPT and could not be found in any database, suggesting AI-fabricated cases. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant relied on CHRE v Grant [2011] EWHC 927; Tribunal found the case did not support the point made and arose under a different regulatory regime, so it was misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "福拉林诉移民服务专员", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到上诉人所依赖的几起案件引证；这些引文是由 ChatGPT 生成的，在任何数据库中都找不到，这表明案例是人工智能捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人依据 CHRE v Grant [2011] EWHC 927；仲裁庭认为该案不支持所提出的观点，并且是在不同的监管制度下产生的，因此被误用。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "title": "Your Home Partners v. Kellichan", "url": "/documents/1696/2026sckdy34-your-home-partners-v-kellichan-and-another.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Claimant lodged extract purporting to be 'Small Claims (Scotland) Rules – Section 41a' which does not exist; court determined the rule was fabricated. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Claimant lodged extract purporting to be 'Interest on Debts (Scotland) Act 1985 – Section 1' which does not exist; court determined the statute/extract was fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant cited FtT determination reference FTS/HPC/CV/19/3145; court and FtT found no such decision exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant cited FtT determination reference FTS/HPC/CV/20/0624; court and FtT found no such decision exists.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Your Home Partners 诉 Kellichan", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|索赔人提交的摘要声称是“小额索赔（苏格兰）规则 - 第 41a 条”，但该摘要并不存在；法院认定该规则是捏造的。 ||捏造：法律规范|索赔人提交的摘录声称是“1985 年债务利息（苏格兰）法 – 第 1 条”，但该摘录并不存在；法院认定该法规/摘录是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|索赔人引用了 FtT 测定参考 FTS/HPC/CV/19/3145；法院和 FtT 发现不存在这样的决定。 ||捏造：判例法|索赔人引用了 FtT 测定参考 FTS/HPC/CV/20/0624；法院和 FtT 发现不存在这样的决定。", "court": "Sheriffdom of Tayside", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Robert Huish v HRMC", "url": "/documents/1449/Robert_Huish_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC-2026_UKFTT_129_TC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on an alleged 2021 case named 'Collins'; Tribunal and HMRC checked and found no such case after appellant admitted using AI assistance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on an alleged 2021 case named 'Harrison'; Tribunal and HMRC checked and found no such case after appellant admitted using AI assistance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on an alleged 2021 case named 'Baxter'; Tribunal and HMRC checked and found no such case after appellant admitted using AI assistance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on an alleged 2021 case named 'Hicks'; Tribunal and HMRC checked and found no such case after appellant admitted using AI assistance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗伯特·休什 v HRMC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人依据的是一起名为“Collins”的 2021 年案件；在上诉人承认使用人工智能协助后，仲裁庭和英国税务海关总署进行了检查，未发现此类情况。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人依据的是一个名为“Harrison”的 2021 年案件；在上诉人承认使用人工智能协助后，仲裁庭和英国税务海关总署进行了检查，未发现此类情况。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人依据的是一个名为“Baxter”的 2021 年案件；在上诉人承认使用人工智能协助后，仲裁庭和英国税务海关总署进行了检查，未发现此类情况。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人依据的是一个名为“Hicks”的 2021 年案件；在上诉人承认使用人工智能协助后，仲裁庭和英国税务海关总署进行了检查，未发现此类情况。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Ms F Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited", "url": "/documents/1669/Green_v._Imprint_UK_11_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant submitted case law authorities in an email that could not be identified; claimant admitted they were AI-generated and the Tribunal found the authorities do not exist and should be disregarded.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "F Green 女士诉 Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|索赔人在一封无法识别的电子邮件中提交了判例法权威；索赔人承认它们是人工智能生成的，仲裁庭认为当局不存在，应予以忽视。", "court": "Employment Tribunal (Leeds)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "title": "Elden v HMRC", "url": "/documents/1283/Gary_Elden_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC_UK_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Skeleton summarized Atlantic Electronics Ltd v HMRC [2012] UKUT 45 (TCC) as if it were a strike-out authority; Tribunal read the full 9-page decision and found the summary inaccurate and irrelevant (case concerned MTIC VAT and admission of additional evidence). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Skeleton presented Leeds City Council as if it were about denying a full hearing/strike-out; Tribunal read the 11-page decision and found the skeleton's summary misleading (case concerned costs and delay, not strike-out). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Skeleton misdated and mischaracterised Hok Ltd v HMRC (cited as 2011) and presented it as a strike-out authority; Tribunal found this inaccurate (case concerns PAYE penalties, not strike-out) and noted the misattribution. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Passages in the skeleton attributed to 'Hok' were in fact taken from Biguzzi v Rank Leisure plc [1999] 1 WLR 1926 (CA); Tribunal concluded case-heading/citation substitutions had occurred, producing materially misleading summaries.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃尔登诉英国税务海关总署", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Skeleton 总结了 Atlantic Electronics Ltd v HMRC [2012] UKUT 45 (TCC)，就好像它是一个被淘汰的权威机构一样；仲裁庭阅读了完整的 9 页决定，发现摘要不准确且不相关（案件涉及 MTIC 增值税和接受额外证据）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|骷髅向利兹市议会提出的请求就好像拒绝举行完整的听证会/罢免一样；法庭阅读了这份长达 11 页的裁决，发现该框架的摘要具有误导性（案件涉及成本和延误，而不是删除）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Skeleton 对 Hok Ltd 诉 HMRC（引自 2011 年）的日期和描述有误，并将其视为排除权威；仲裁庭认为这一说法不准确（案件涉及 PAYE 处罚，而不是三振），并指出了这种错误归因。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|骨架中归因于“Hok”的段落实际上取自 Biguzzi v Rank Leisure plc [1999] 1 WLR 1926 (CA)；法庭得出结论，案件标题/引文发生了替换，产生了具有重大误导性的摘要。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to include statements of truth about AI use", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board", "url": "/documents/1668/Pieu_v._Hywel_Dda_University_Local_Health_Board_UK.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant relied on multiple case citations produced via ChatGPT in her written submissions but could not provide citations or copies; Tribunal and counsel could not locate them and did not rely on those authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "M Peiu v Hywel Dda 大学地方卫生局", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|索赔人在其书面提交材料中依赖于通过 ChatGPT 生成的多个案例引文，但无法提供引文或副本；法庭和律师无法找到他们，也没有依赖这些当局。", "court": "Employment Tribunal (Swansea)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-12", "title": "Mr T De Carvalho Ferreira v Magic Life Limited & Ors", "url": "/documents/1667/Ferreira_v._Magic_Life_UK_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant's skeleton cited 'Adams v Wincanton Group Ltd [2013] IRLR 725 (EAT)'; the judge and opposing counsel were unable to locate the case; counsel acknowledged using AI and was warned to verify AI outputs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "T De Carvalho Ferreira 先生 v Magic Life Limited & Ors", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|索赔人的骨架引用了“Adams v Wincanton Group Ltd [2013] IRLR 725 (EAT)”；法官和对方律师无法找到案件；律师承认使用了人工智能，并被警告要验证人工智能的输出。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (Reading)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Mr J Harrison v Mr D May t/a Leeds Gymnastics Academy", "url": "/documents/1676/Harrison_v._Mr_D_May_ta_Leeds_Gymnastics_Academy_UK_24_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent's written submissions contained numerous non-existent case law references; respondent admitted he used ChatGPT to generate the submissions and did not verify citations. Tribunal found at least half of the references were non-existent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "J Harrison 先生 v D May 先生 t/a 利兹体操学院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被诉人的书面陈述包含大量不存在的判例法参考；受访者承认他使用 ChatGPT 生成提交内容，但没有验证引用。法庭发现至少一半的参考资料不存在。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (Leeds)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Tribunal awarded claimant a preparation time order of £2,178; payment stayed pending outcome of EAT appeal.", "monetary_penalty": "2178 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "D (A Child) (Recusal)", "url": "/documents/1163/D_Recusal_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Mother cited Re W [2010] UKSC 12 for the proposition that 'findings reached through a procedurally compromised process cannot stand', an attribution the court found to be incorrect. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Mother cited Re B [2008] UKHL 35 for a proposition it does not support (asserting it showed the father's wilful evasion); court recorded this as an incorrect attribution. || Fabricated: Case Law | Mother cited a non-existent case in her skeleton/recusal documents; father’s counsel identified the citation as fabricated and the court noted AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "D（儿童）（回避）", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Mother 引用了 Re W [2010] UKSC 12 的主张，即“通过程序上妥协的过程得出的结论不能成立”，法院认为这种归因是不正确的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|母亲引用 Re B [2008] UKHL 35 来表示其不支持的主张（声称这表明父亲故意逃避）；法院将此记录为错误归因。 ||捏造：判例法|母亲在她的概要/回避文件中引用了一个不存在的案例；父亲的律师认为该传票是捏造的，法院注意到人工智能的使用。", "court": "Court of Appeal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "title": "S. Peggie v. Fife Health & Dr. B. Upton", "url": "/documents/1162/S_Peggie_v._Fife_Health__Dr__B_Upton_UK_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | One quote from Forstater v CDG Europe and others UKEAT/0105/20 was likely made up (see §791) || False Quotes: Case Law | A second quote was likely made up, this time from Lee v Ashers Baking Co Ltd [2018] UKSC 49 (see § 793)", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "S. Peggie 诉 Fife Health 和 B. Upton 博士", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Forstater v CDG Europe 和其他 UKEAT/0105/20 的引述很可能是编造的（参见第 791 节）||虚假引述：判例法|第二个引述可能是编造的，这次来自 Lee v Ashers Baking Co Ltd [2018] UKSC 49（参见第 793 条）", "court": "Employment Tribunal (Scotland)", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Taiwo v Homelets of Bath Limited", "url": "/documents/1147/Wemimop_v._Homelets_UK_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A purported authority cited in the 27 March 2025 skeleton (requested by the Court) could not be produced; the Court found Irani v Duchy Farm Kennels [2020] EWCA Civ 405 to be a bogus/non-existent case, likely generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant's Skeleton Argument (12 March 2025) cited Chapman v Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [2018] EWCA Civ 2085; the Court found no such Court of Appeal authority exists and treated the reference as a false citation (can be 'recreated' by certain AI search features).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Taiwo v 巴斯 Homelets Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|无法出示 2025 年 3 月 27 日的概要（应法院要求）中引用的所谓权威；法院认为，Irani v Duchy Farm Kennels [2020] EWCA Civ 405 是一个伪造/不存在的案件，很可能是由人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|索赔人的骨架论证（2025 年 3 月 12 日）引用了 Chapman v Tameside Hospital NHS Foundation Trust [2018] EWCA Civ 2085；法院发现不存在这样的上诉法院机构，并将该引用视为虚假引用（可以通过某些人工智能搜索功能“重新创建”）。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Oxford Hotel Investments Ltd v Great Yarmouth Borough Council", "url": "/documents/1102/Oxford_Hotel_Investments_Limited_v_Great_Yarmouth_Borough_Council_UK_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited [18] of Barker v Shokar as holding a microwave satisfied the statutory definition; the Tribunal found the passage did not say that and that the misleading citation was produced by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "牛津酒店投资有限公司 v 大雅茅斯自治市议会", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用 Barker v Shokar 案中的[18]，认为持有微波炉符合法定定义；仲裁庭认为该段落并未提及这一点，并且误导性引文是由人工智能生成的。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "UK and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/1565/Munir_v._SSHD_UK_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A non-existent case 'Horleston' was included in the grounds; the Tribunal found no reported case and demonstrated that Google AI can fabricate bench details—solicitor concluded it was probably AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | R (Dzineku-Liggison) v SSHD was cited with a High Court citation that does not exist; the correct authority is an Upper Tribunal decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A decision labelled 'Patel (mandatory refusal – fairness)' was cited as a Court of Appeal decision though the correct report is an Upper Tribunal decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Muhandiramge was cited with an Administrative Court citation that the Panel could not locate; the relevant reported decision is an Upper Tribunal decision with a different date and citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A case referred to as OE (Nigeria) with citation [2010] UKUT 35 (IAC) could not be found; the matter appears to correspond to a differently titled Upper Tribunal decision.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国和R诉内政大臣", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|场地中包括一个不存在的案件“Horleston”；法庭没有发现任何报告的案例，并证明谷歌人工智能可以伪造法庭细节——律师得出结论，这可能是人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| R (Dzineku-Liggison) v SSHD 被高等法院引用，但并不存在；正确的权威是上级法庭的裁决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|标有“帕特尔（强制拒绝 - 公平）”的判决被引用为上诉法院的判决，尽管正确的报告是上级法庭的判决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Muhandiramge 被引用于行政法院的传票，但小组无法找到；所报告的相关判决是上级法庭的判决，具有不同的日期和引文。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|无法找到引用为 OE（尼日利亚）的案例 [2010] UKUT 35 (IAC)；该案似乎与上级法庭的一项不同标题的裁决相对应。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Choksi v IPS", "url": "/documents/1069/Choksi_v._IPS_Law_UK_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Farnell 2 cited numerous authorities with wrong citations or names and included some cases that do not exist; court found several citations irrelevant and unsupported by the authorities cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Paralegal responsible for drafting Farnell 2 admitted part of the research used Google's AI 'Overview' feature and that AI-generated results were relied on without appreciation of limitations; court noted misuse of AI and required explanations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant's solicitors identified 12 problematic citations; the bundle filed by IPS listed 6 items as 'No. Case Name (as cited)', indicating non-existent or fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乔克西诉IPS", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Farnell 2 引用了许多权威机构的错误引文或名称，并包含了一些不存在的案例；法院认为一些引文不相关且没有得到所引当局的支持。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|负责起草 Farnell 2 的律师助理承认，部分研究使用了谷歌的人工智能“概述”功能，并且依赖人工智能生成的结果，没有任何限制；法院注意到人工智能的滥用并要求做出解释。 ||捏造：判例法|索赔人的律师发现了 12 条有问题的引文； IPS 提交的捆绑包将 6 项列为“No.”。案例名称（引用的）”，表明引用不存在或捏造。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google AI Overview", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l.", "url": "/documents/1670/Oscartech_UK.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Skeleton Argument cited a decision as 'IONTECH v TECNION (BL O/375/10)'; Opponent flagged the reference as inconsistent and the Applicant withdrew reliance after admitting use of an AI tool. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's Skeleton Argument cited 'EUROPREMIER v PREMIER (BL O/185/02)' with an incorrect numerical/reference linkage; Opponent challenged it and Applicant withdrew reliance after admitting AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的基本论点引用了“IONTECH v TECNION (BL O/375/10)”裁决；反对者将参考标记为不一致，申请人在承认使用人工智能工具后撤回了信赖。 ||捏造：判例法|申请人的基本论据引用了“EUROPREMIER v PREMIER (BL O/185/02)”，其数字/参考链接不正确；对手对此提出质疑，申请人在承认使用人工智能后撤回了信赖。", "court": "UK IPO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd & ors v Assethold Limited", "url": "/documents/1023/Victoria_Place_Flats_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | M365 Copilot returned fabricated Court of Appeal citations for Qdime (non-existent EWCA citations) which Mr Gurvits' submissions echoed; tribunal could not locate those citations on bailii and found them to be AI hallucinations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent provided an incorrect citation for Gala Unity; tribunal identified the citation as invalid and treated it as an AI-originated error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd 及其他诉 Assethold Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| M365 Copilot 退回了上诉法院对 Qdime 捏造的传票（不存在 EWCA 传票），Gurvits 先生的意见也与之相呼应；仲裁庭无法找到 Bailii 上的这些引文，并发现它们是人工智能的幻觉。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|受访者对 Gala Unity 提供了错误的引用；仲裁庭认定该引文无效，并将其视为人工智能引发的错误。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Re Sriram (aka Roy)", "url": "/documents/900/Sriram_v._Birtttain__Pantera_UK_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Litigant relied on a non-existent case citation which the court identified as invented; judge found the citation does not exist and likely arose from internet research error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "雷·斯里拉姆（又名罗伊）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|诉讼当事人引用了一个不存在的案件引证，而法院认定该案件引证是捏造的；法官认为该引文不存在，很可能是由于互联网研究错误造成的。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Chi Keung Lee & others v Blackpool B&B Limited", "url": "/documents/1671/62_Hornby_Road_decision_final_17-10-25_UK_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent submitted a purported Upper Tribunal decision 'Khan v Mehmood' as legal authority; Tribunal found no such decision exists and concluded it was fabricated by AI. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Respondent relied on a non-existent Section 99(3) of the Housing Act 2004 to claim a mixed-use exemption; Tribunal found s99(3) does not exist and the wording was fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "李志强等人 v Blackpool B&B Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告提交了所谓的上级法庭裁决“Khan v Mehmood”作为法律依据；法庭发现不存在这样的决定，并得出结论，它是人工智能捏造的。 ||捏造：法律规范|被申请人依据 2004 年住房法中不存在的第 99(3) 条要求混合用途豁免；仲裁庭认定第 99(3) 条不存在，且其措辞是捏造的。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "227 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v Birmingham City University", "url": "/documents/1672/Ndaryiyumvire-v-Birmingham-City-University_UK_14_October_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Application cited 'Qureshi v Qureshi [1998] 1 WLR 174' as authority for amendments; court found no such authority exists and the citation was fictitious (the cited neutral citation corresponds to an unrelated case). || Fabricated: Case Law | Application cited 'Z Ltd v A Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 110' as authority for allowing amendments; court found the case name to be fictitious (the neutral citation corresponds to TS (Burma) v Secretary of State for the Home Department) and the citation was fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v 伯明翰城市大学", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请引用“Qureshi v Qureshi [1998] 1 WLR 174”作为修改授权；法院发现不存在这样的权威，并且该引文是虚构的（所引用的中立引文对应于一个不相关的案件）。 ||捏造：判例法|申请引用“Z Ltd v A Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 110”作为允许修改的授权；法院认定案件名称是虚构的（中性引证对应于 TS (缅甸) 诉内政部国务卿案），并且该引证是捏造的。", "court": "County Court (Birmingham)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "LEAP legal software", "outcome": "Wasted costs order; Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "AK v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/901/UI2025002918.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds of appeal cited 'R (Goudey) v SSHD [2012] EWHC 567 (Admin)'; Judge found the authority does not exist and treated it as another example of AI-generated false citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds of appeal cited 'Nye v SSHD [2021] EWCA Civ 148'; Judge found the authority does not exist and linked it to unchecked generative-AI drafting.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AK 诉 内政大臣", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉理由引用“R (Goudey) v SSHD [2012] EWHC 567 (Admin)”；法官发现该权威并不存在，并将其视为人工智能生成虚假引用的另一个例子。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉理由引用“Nye v SSHD [2021] EWCA Civ 148”；法官发现该权威并不存在，并将其与未经检查的人工智能生成起草联系起来。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "ANPV & SAPV v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/884/UI-2025-003373___UI-2025-003374.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds cited a Honduras country guidance decision that does not exist; judge found the MN Honduras CG [2016] authority fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds cited an Eritrea appellate decision that does not exist (YH (Eritrea) [2008] UKAIT 00070); judge accepted counsel's concession that case was fictional. || Misrepresented: Case Law | HK v SSHD [2006] EWCA Civ 1037 was cited as supporting 'trauma-informed principles' but judge found the case does not discuss that; citation misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | MA (Somalia) v SSHD was referenced but counsel produced the Supreme Court decision instead of the Court of Appeal authority relied upon; judge found no support for the asserted proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A citation labelled 'SC (Protection) [2020] UKSC 9' did not match the case title; judge found a citation mismatch and irrelevant authority was cited for internal relocation principles. || Misrepresented: Case Law | R (YH) v SSHD [2010] EWCA Civ 116 was deployed in grounds but judge noted ChatGPT has recently wrongly deployed that case in similar submissions; authority was misused.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ANPV & SAPV 诉 内政大臣", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|理由引用了洪都拉​​斯国家指导决定，但该决定并不存在；法官认定 MN Honduras CG [2016] 权威捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|理由引用了一项不存在的厄立特里亚上诉裁决（YH (Eritrea) [2008] UKAIT 00070）；法官接受了律师的让步，即案件是虚构的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| HK v SSHD [2006] EWCA Civ 1037 被引用为支持“创伤知情原则”，但法官发现该案并未讨论这一点；引用被误用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| MA (Somalia) v SSHD 被提及，但律师提出了最高法院的判决，而不是所依赖的上诉法院的权威；法官认为所主张的主张没有支持。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|标有“SC（保护）[2020] UKSC 9”的引文与案例标题不匹配；法官发现引文不匹配，并且内部搬迁原则引用了不相关的权威。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| R (YH) v SSHD [2010] EWCA Civ 116 已在理由中部署，但法官指出 ChatGPT 最近在类似的提交材料中错误地部署了该案例；权力被滥用。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft Copilot", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "title": "MS (Bangladesh)", "url": "/documents/806/305.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Grounds of appeal cited a non-existent Court of Appeal authority 'Y (China)' as though it dealt with undue weight on delay; Tribunal found the case does not exist and was generated by ChatGPT. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Printed material handed to the Panel comprised internet printouts with misleading statements referencing the fictitious 'Y (China)' and mis-associating it with the citation for YH (Iraq).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "女士（孟加拉国）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉理由引用了一个不存在的上诉法院机构“Y（中国）”，好像它处理的是对拖延的不当重视；仲裁庭发现该案件不存在，是由 ChatGPT 生成的。 ||制作：展览和提交|提交给专家小组的印刷材料包括互联网印刷品，其中含有误导性陈述，其中提到了虚构的“Y（中国）”，并将其与 YH（伊拉克）的引用错误地联系起来。", "court": "Immigration and Asylum Chamber", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referred to the Bar Standards Board for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "title": "Holloway v Beckles", "url": "/documents/1103/The_Framptons_UK_12_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal noted the fake cases were cited alongside some genuine authorities, but the fabricated citations amounted to unreasonable conduct for costs purposes.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "霍洛威 v 贝克尔斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法庭指出，这些虚假案件与一些真正的权威机构一起被引用，但出于成本目的，捏造的引用构成不合理行为。", "court": "First-tier Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "750 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Chanda v Royal Mail Group Ltd", "url": "/documents/1514/Chanda_v._Royal_Mail_UK_2_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Tribunal could not find the case or the propositions relied on; claimant accepted the propositions cited could not be found. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Tribunal could not find the case or the propositions relied on; claimant accepted the propositions cited could not be found. || Fabricated: Case Law | Tribunal was unable to locate the case and concluded the citation did not exist; claimant accepted Browne did not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Chanda 诉 皇家邮政集团有限公司", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到案件或所依据的主张；申诉人接受的所引主张未能找到。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到案件或所依据的主张；申诉人接受的所引主张未能找到。 ||捏造：判例法|仲裁庭无法找到该案件并得出结论，该传票不存在；原告承认布朗不存在。", "court": "Employment Tribunal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "HMRC v. Gunnarson", "url": "/documents/644/HMRC_v._Gunnarson_UK_23_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s skeleton cited a non-existent FTT authority said to show HMRC’s SEISS guidance was unclear; UT records HMRC checked and the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s skeleton cited a non-existent FTT decision claiming reliance on accountant’s advice and guidance was relevant; UT notes HMRC verified the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s skeleton cited a non-existent FTT decision asserting a purposive approach allowed SEISS based on continuity of work; UT records the citation is fictitious. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | FTT applied an ‘honest belief’ eligibility test not found in the SEISS Directions or FA 2020; UT held this was a legal error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国税务海关总署诉冈纳森案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|受访者的骨架引用了一个不存在的 FTT 机构，据说这表明 HMRC 的 SEISS 指导不明确； UT 记录经 HMRC 检查，该案件不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|受访者的骨架引用了一项不存在的 FTT 决定，声称依赖会计师的建议和指导是相关的； UT 指出 HMRC 已核实此案不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|受访者的骨架引用了一项不存在的 FTT 决定，声称有目的的方法允许基于工作连续性的 SEISS； UT 记录该引文是虚构的。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范| FTT 采用了 SEISS 指示或 FA 2020 中未提及的“诚实信念”资格测试； UT 认为这是一个法律错误。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "title": "PS v London Borough of Wandsworth", "url": "/documents/1272/PS_v._Wandsworth_UK_11_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'R (L) v Devon County Council [2011] UKUT 192 (AAC)', which the Tribunal found does not exist; judge noted it may be an AI-generated fabrication. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'R (C) v London Borough of Sutton [2010] UKUT 184 (AAC)'; Tribunal noted the neutral citation is valid but the title/subject the appellants gave is incorrect (case relates to child support), so the reference was misattributed. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant relied on paragraph 9.169 of the SEND Code of Practice 2015 as supporting a requirement for parental consent to 'off-rolling'; Tribunal found that paragraph does not say that and the citation was inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant attributed a passage to B and M v Cheshire East Council [2018] UKUT 232 (AAC) (citing [25]) that the Tribunal found the case does not contain; the case exists but the quoted passage is not present.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PS v 旺兹沃思伦敦自治市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“R (L) v Devon County Council [2011] UKUT 192 (AAC)”，但仲裁庭认为其不存在；法官指出这可能是人工智能制造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人援引“R (C) v London Borough of Sutton [2010] UKUT 184 (AAC)”；仲裁庭指出，中立引文有效，但上诉人给出的标题/主题不正确（案件涉及子女抚养费），因此引用被错误归因。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|上诉人依据《2015 年 SEND 业务守则》第 9.169 段支持“下滚”需要家长同意的要求；仲裁庭认为该段落并未提及这一点，并且引文不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人将 B and M v Cheshire East Council [2018] UKUT 232 (AAC)（引用 [25]）中的一段话归咎于仲裁庭认为本案不包含的一段话；该案例存在，但引用的段落不存在。", "court": "Upper Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Various Leaseholders v Assethold Limited", "url": "/documents/1104/Napier_House_LU1_1DU_Appeal_UK_7_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Petzl v Avison [2014] UKUT 0065 (LC)'; tribunal could not find this case and noted it may be inauthentic. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Fairman v UKCC [2014] UKUT 479 (LC)'; tribunal could not find this case and considered it may be inauthentic. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Ellis v APL Co Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 1088'; tribunal was unable to find this authority and suggested it may be AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Anchor Trust v Wandsworth LBC [2007] EWCA Civ 1051' but tribunal found the citation related to Mohanaei v Mohanaei and the summary given by Respondent was inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Willmott Dixon Housing Ltd v Secretary of State [2009] EWCA Civ 1044' but tribunal found that the reference corresponds to Pablo Star Ltd v Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Co PJSC [2009] EWCA Civ 1044 and is not authority for the asserted proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Osborn v Parole Board [2013] UKSC 61 [2] [68]-[72]'; tribunal noted the full judgment concerns parole hearings and that the passages cited did not appear relevant to the Respondent's argument. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Sheffield City Council v Oliver [2017] UKUT 349 (LC)'; tribunal suggested the Respondent may have intended Oliver v Sheffield City Council [2017] EWCA Civ 225 and that the UKUT citation/summary was inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Waaler v London Borough of Hounslow [2017] EWCA Civ 45' but tribunal stated the Respondent's summary of the case was inaccurate (misstated the legal test). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Garside v RFYC Ltd [2011] UKUT 367'; tribunal noted mixed judicial consideration and did not accept the Respondent's claimed authoritative proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Lambeth LBC v O’Kane [2013] UKUT 0538 (LC)'; tribunal could not", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "各承租人诉 Assethold Limited", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Petzl v Avison [2014] UKUT 0065 (LC)”；仲裁庭无法找到该案件，并指出该案件可能不真实。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Fairman v UKCC [2014] UKUT 479 (LC)”；仲裁庭无法找到该案件，并认为该案件可能不真实。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Ellis v APL Co Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 1088”；仲裁庭无法找到该权威，并认为它可能是人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被诉人引用了“Anchor Trust v Wandsworth LBC [2007] EWCA Civ 1051”，但仲裁庭发现该引文与 Mohanaei 诉 Mohanaei 相关，并且被诉人给出的摘要不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被申请人引用了“Willmott Dixon Housing Ltd v 国务卿 [2009] EWCA Civ 1044”，但仲裁庭发现该参考文献对应于 Pablo Star Ltd v Emirates Integrated Te communications Co PJSC [2009] EWCA Civ 1044，并且不是所主张主张的权威。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告引用“Osborn v Parole Board [2013] UKSC 61 [2] [68]-[72]”；仲裁庭指出，完整的判决涉及假释听证会，并且所引用的段落似乎与被告的论点无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|受访者引用了“谢菲尔德市议会诉奥利弗 [2017] UKUT 349 (LC)”；仲裁庭认为，被申请人可能有意提起 Oliver v Sheffield City Council [2017] EWCA Civ 225，并且 UKUT 的引文/摘要不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告引用了“Waaler v London Borough of Hounslow [2017] EWCA Civ 45”，但仲裁庭表示，被告对案件的总结不准确（错误地陈述了法律测试）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被诉人引用了“Garside v RFYC Ltd [2011] UKUT 367”；仲裁庭注意到司法考虑不一，没有接受被申请人声称的权威主张。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Lambeth LBC v O’Kane [2013] UKUT 0538 (LC)”；仲裁庭不能", "court": "Property Chamber", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc", "url": "/documents/586/June_Ralph_v._Pro_Health_UK_20_June_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Grounds of appeal included a purported quote not found in the cited decision (instance 1 of 3). || False Quotes: Case Law | Grounds of appeal included a purported quote not found in the cited decision (instance 2 of 3). || False Quotes: Case Law | Grounds of appeal included a purported quote not found in the cited decision (instance 3 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's skeleton misrepresented what a correctly cited case decided (instance 1 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's skeleton misrepresented what a correctly cited case decided (instance 2 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's skeleton misrepresented what a correctly cited case decided (instance 3 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent's skeleton cited a case for a proposition with no basis in the judgment; counsel could not identify supporting passages (instance 1 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent's skeleton cited a case for a proposition with no basis in the judgment; counsel could not identify supporting passages (instance 2 of 3). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent's skeleton cited a case for a proposition with no basis in the judgment; counsel could not identify supporting passages (instance 3 of 3). || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Respondent suggested Wadlow supported the propositions; after checking, the court found nothing matching. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Respondent asserted a previous edition of Kerly supported the propositions; the court could find no such support.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc 案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|上诉理由包括在所引用的决定中未找到的据称引述（3 例中的第 1 例）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉理由包括在所引用的决定中未找到的所谓引述（实例 2，共 3 个）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉理由包括在所引用的决定中未找到的据称引述（3 例中的第 3 例）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人的骨架歪曲了正确引用的案例的判决（第 3 例中的第 1 例）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人的骨架歪曲了正确引用的案例的判决（实例 3 中的实例 2）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人的骨架歪曲了正确引用的案例的判决（3 个实例中的第 3 个）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被诉人的骨架举了一个案例，提出了没有判决依据的主张；律师无法找出支持性段落（例 3 中的例 1）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被诉人的骨架举了一个案例，提出了没有判决依据的主张；律师无法找出支持性段落（例 3 中的例 2）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被诉人的骨架举了一个案例，提出了没有判决依据的主张；律师无法找出支持性段落（实例 3，共 3 个）。 ||歪曲：教义工作|受访者表示瓦德洛支持这些提议；法院经核实，没有发现任何相符的情况。 ||歪曲：教义工作|受访者声称 Kerly 的先前版本支持这些主张；法院找不到这样的支持。", "court": "Intellectual Property Office", "party": "Pro Se Litigant; Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning; No costs awarded for the appeal since both sides seemingly erred", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-18", "title": "UB v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "/documents/1673/UI-2025-000834_UK_18_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Draft Grounds contained references to a number of authorities that did not exist; the tribunal identified the non-existent authorities and raised concerns. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Draft Grounds cited existing authorities but relied on them for propositions of law they did not support; tribunal found they 'did not stand as authority for the propositions of law cited.'", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布法罗大学诉内政部大臣", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|理由草案中提到了一些并不存在的当局；法庭指出了不存在的当局并提出了关切。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|草案理由引用了现有当局，但依赖他们提出他们不支持的法律主张；法庭发现它们“不具有所引用法律命题的权威”。", "court": "Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-06", "title": "Ayinde v. Haringey & Al-Haroun v. QNB", "url": "/documents/466/Ayinde_v._Haringey__Al-Haroun_v._QNB_UK_6_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited: El Gendi; Court found no such case exists and that the neutral citation belonged to an unrelated case about business rates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited; Court confirmed it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited; Court confirmed it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited; Court confirmed it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Court of Appeal authority cited; Court confirmed it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Statutory duty misrepresented: s.188(3) HA 1996 stated as requiring interim accommodation; Court noted the statute is discretionary ('may secure'). || Fabricated: Case Law | In a separate County Court matter, grounds of appeal and skeleton contained non-existent cases; alerted by the judge. || Fabricated: Case Law | Judicial assistant’s schedule identified 18 non-existent authorities across claimant’s and solicitor’s witness statements. || False Quotes: Case Law | Existing cases were quoted for passages that do not appear in them in claimant’s and solicitor’s statements. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Existing authorities cited did not support the propositions advanced or were irrelevant to the application. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated authority attributed to Dias J herself among citations to the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ayinde 诉 Haringey & Al-Haroun 诉 QNB", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用捏造案例：El Gendi；法院发现不存在此类案件，并且中性引用属于与商业利率无关的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|所引用的案件是捏造的；法院证实它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|所引用的案件是捏造的；法院证实它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|所引用的案件是捏造的；法院证实它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|引用捏造的上诉法院权威；法院证实它不存在。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|法定义务被歪曲：HA 1996 第 188(3) 条规定需要临时住宿；法院指出，该法规具有自由裁量权（“可以确保”）。 ||捏造：判例法|在单独的县法院案件中，上诉理由和概要包含不存在的案件；被法官警告。 ||捏造：判例法|司法助理的时间表在索赔人和律师的证人陈述中发现了 18 个不存在的权威。 ||虚假引述：判例法|现有案例中未出现在原告和律师陈述中的段落被引用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用的现有权威机构不支持所提出的主张或与申请无关。 ||捏造：判例法|在法庭的引文中，伪造了迪亚斯 J 本人的权威。", "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No contempt, but referral to professional bodies", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "title": "Bandla v. Solicitors Regulation Authority", "url": "/documents/331/Venkateshwarlu_Bandla_v._SRA_UK_May_13_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated case cited to support mental-health-based extension: R (on the application of Smith) v Parole Board [2005] EWCA Civ 188; SRA could not locate; judge confirmed it does not exist and appellant admitted he never checked. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited numerous non-existent authorities (about 27) across grounds and skeleton; maintained despite SRA pointing out; appellant accepted many do not exist and that he did not check them. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Mis-cited the 2000 Ghosh authority as a House of Lords decision; the court noted it was in fact a Privy Council case. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Argued that the Hague Service Convention 1965 required personal service of the SDT judgment abroad; court held the Convention inapplicable to SDT disciplinary proceedings and that \"sent\" under PD52D sufficed (relying on Brauwers and related authorities). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Claimed SDT rules required personal service on him under rule 10; court held service was valid by leaving documents at his last known abode with his mother (rule 10(1)(b)).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bandla 诉律师监管局", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用捏造的案例来支持基于心理健康的延期：R（史密斯的申请）诉假释委员会 [2005] EWCA Civ 188； SRA 无法定位；法官确认它不存在，上诉人承认他从未检查过。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了大量不存在的权威（大约 27 个）；尽管 SRA 指出，但仍维持不变；上诉人承认许多不存在并且他没有检查它们。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|误将 2000 年 Ghosh 权威视为上议院的决定；法院指出这实际上是枢密院案件。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|主张《1965 年海牙送达公约》要求将 SDT 判决亲自送达国外；法院认为《公约》不适用于 SDT 纪律程序，并且根据 PD52D“发送”就足够了（依赖于 Brauwers 和相关当局）。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|声称 SDT 规则要求根据规则 10 为他提供个人服务；法院通过将文件留在其母亲最后为人所知的住所而使送达有效（规则 10(1)(b)）。", "court": "UK", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Google Search (Allegedly)", "outcome": "Application for extension of time refused; appeal struck out as abuse of process; indemnity costs of £24,727.20 ordered; permission to appeal denied", "monetary_penalty": "24727 GBP", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (2)", "url": "/documents/449/Crypto_Open_Patent_Alliance_v._Wright_UK_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case law authorities in his Court of Appeal permission materials; Arnold LJ noted numerous false references to authority and certified the application TWM. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented legal authorities in his appeal filings; both Arnold LJ and Mellor J remarked on misstatements of authority. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Falsely asserted the Court failed to follow autism experts’ recommendations on special measures during his evidence in the Joint Trial; identified by Arnold LJ as one of many falsehoods. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Falsely claimed the Court refused an application to admit expert evidence from Dr Bryant; rejected in the Court of Appeal reasons. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Falsely stated the Court relied on evidence from individuals (e.g., Jameson Lopp) who did not give evidence; identified as a falsehood by the Court of Appeal. || Misrepresented: Other | Repeated false allegations of judicial bias in appeal and subsequent filings; expressly rejected by Arnold LJ and Mellor J. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | In his Supreme Court petition, falsely alleged the High Court reversed the burden of proof and/or applied the criminal standard; noted by the Court as a falsehood. || Misrepresented: Other | In his Supreme Court petition, falsely claimed the High Court failed to account for his autism condition; identified by the Court as untrue. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | In his Supreme Court petition, falsely asserted COPA’s expert witnesses were biased due to financial interests; identified as a falsehood. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent authorities in the New Claim filings; Mellor J noted use of AI-generated prolix documents containing such errors. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Advanced lengthy submissions on promissory estoppel that the Court characterised as legal nonsense, mis-stating the doctrine.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加密开放专利联盟诉 Wright (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在其上诉法院许可材料中引用了不存在的判例法权威； Arnold LJ 指出了许多对权威机构的虚假引用，并认证了该应用程序 TWM。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|在上诉文件中歪曲法律权威；阿诺德·法官和梅勒·法官都对错误的权威陈述发表了评论。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |他在联合审判中作证时错误地声称法院未能遵循自闭症专家关于特别措施的建议；阿诺德·法官认为这是众多谎言之一。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |错误地声称法院拒绝接受布莱恩特博士的专家证据的申请；上诉法院驳回理由。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |错误地陈述法院依赖于未提供证据的个人（例如詹姆森·洛普）的证据；被上诉法院认定为虚假信息。 ||误传：其他|在上诉和随后的申请中反复提出关于司法偏见的虚假指控； || 被 Arnold LJ 和 Mellor J 明确拒绝。歪曲事实：法律规范|在他的最高法院请愿书中，错误地指控高等法院颠倒了举证责任和/或适用了刑事标准；被法院认定为虚假信息。 ||误传：其他|在他的最高法院请愿书中，错误地声称高等法院未能解释他的自闭症状况；经法院认定不实。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |在他向最高法院提交的请愿书中，错误地声称 COPA 的专家证人因经济利益而存在偏见；被认定为虚假信息。 ||捏造：判例法|在新索赔申请中引用了不存在的权威机构； Mellor J 指出，人工智能生成的冗长文档的使用包含此类错误。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|就承诺禁止反言提出了冗长的意见，法院将其定性为法律上的废话，错误地表述了该原则。", "court": "UK", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "General Civil Restraint Order (GCRO) granted for 3 years; Case referred to Attorney General; Costs awarded to applicants.", "monetary_penalty": "100000 GBP", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-22", "title": "Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited", "url": "/documents/1675/Goshen_v._Accuro_UK_22_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Claimant relied on an unreferenced authority 'CAPITA v Christou'; the judge was unable to find the case, suggested it might be invented or AI-generated, and declined to apply it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited 案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|索赔人依赖于未引用的权威机构“CAPITA v Christou”；法官无法找到该案例，认为该案例可能是发明的或人工智能生成的，并拒绝适用。", "court": "Employment Tribunals (London, South)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "· AI Opportunities Action Plan, signaling the U", "url": "", "description": "· AI Opportunities Action Plan, signaling the U.K.'s intent to support AI development domestically · Guidance on AI Cyber Security Code of Practice · Ofcom's Open Letter regarding how the Online Safety Act applies to Generative AI · Harnessing Innovation and Growth Opportunities from AI Foundation Models While not an exhaustive list, the following federal laws and policies could place a compliance or regulatory burden on private businesses: Acts and bills: · AI Training Act [IN FORCE] · National AI Initiative Act (Division E, Sec. 5001) [IN FORCE] · AI in Government Act (Division U, Sec. 101) [IN FORCE] · TAKE IT DOWN Act [IN FORCE] · Create AI Act [DRAFT] · NO FAKES Act of 2025 [DRAFT] Nonbinding frameworks: · Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights · National Institute of Standards and Technology AI Risk Management Framework · Guidance for Regulation of AI Applications Government initiatives: · Voluntary Commitments from Leading AI Companies to Manage the Risks Posed by AI · TTC Joint Roadmap on Evaluation and Measurement Tools for Trustworthy AI and Risk Management · Congressional AI effort of the Bipartisan Senate AI Working Group · National Security Commission on AI · Bipartisan legislative framework for AI announced by U.S. Sens. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., and Josh Hawley, R-Mo. · Bipartisan House Task Force Report on AI Global AI Law and Policy Tracker ·IAPP· iapp.org", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "· 人工智能机遇行动计划，向美国发出信号", "description_zh": "· 人工智能机会行动计划，表明英国支持国内人工智能发展的意图 · 人工智能网络安全实践准则指南 · Ofcom 关于《在线安全法案》如何应用于生成人工智能的公开信 · 利用人工智能基金会模型的创新和增长机会 虽然不是详尽清单，但以下联邦法律和政策可能会给私营企业带来合规或监管负担： 法案和法案： · 人工智能培训法案 [生效] · 国家人工智能倡议法案（部门） E，第 5001 节）[已生效] · 《人工智能政府法案》（U 部第 101 节）[已生效] · 废除法案 [已生效] · 创建人工智能法案 [草案] · 2025 年禁止造假法案 [草案] 非约束性框架： · 人工智能权利法案蓝图 · 国家标准与技术研究院 · 人工智能风险管理框架 · 人工智能应用监管指南 政府举措： ·领先人工智能公司管理人工智能风险的自愿承诺 · TTC 关于可信人工智能和风险管理的评估和测量工具的联合路线图 · 两党参议院人工智能工作组的国会人工智能工作 · 国家人工智能安全委员会 · 美国参议员理查德·布卢门撒尔（康涅狄格州民主党人）和乔什·霍利（密苏里州共和党人）宣布的两党人工智能立法框架。 · 两党众议院人工智能工作组报告 全球人工智能法律和政策追踪 ·IAPP· iapp.org", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "A pro-innovation approach to AI regulation", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "UK framework proposing activity-based regulation with individual regulatory bodies responsible for AI governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能监管的支持创新方法", "description_zh": "英国提出基于活动的监管框架，由负责人工智能治理的各个监管机构组成。" }, { "date": "1 2023", "title": "UK AI Regulation White Paper: A Pro-Innovation Approach to AI Regulation", "url": "https://www.anecdotes.ai/learn/ai-regulations-in-2025-us-eu-uk-japan-china-and-more", "description": "UK white paper proposing five cross-sectoral principles and context-based, sector-specific oversight for AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国人工智能监管白皮书：人工智能监管的支持创新方法", "description_zh": "英国白皮书提出了五项跨部门原则以及基于背景、针对特定部门的人工智能监督。" }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "High Court ruled that Stability AI partially infringed Getty Images' trademarks", "url": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/getty-images-v-stability-ai/", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the High Court of Justice in England and Wales ruled that Stability AI had partially infringed Getty Images’ ISTOCK and GETTY IMAGES trademarks. The Court found that synthetic watermark images produced by Stable Diffusion version 1.x (used through DreamStudio and the Developer Platform) breached the ISTOCK trademark, and that a few examples from version 2.1 infringed the GETTY IMAGES mark. However, the Court dismissed the rest of Getty’s trademark claims, including those rela", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高等法院裁定 Stability AI 部分侵犯 Getty Images 的商标", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 4 日，英格兰和威尔士高等法院裁定 Stability AI 部分侵犯了 Getty Images 的 ISTOCK 和 GETTY IMAGES 商标。法院认定，Stable Diffusion 1.x 版（通过 DreamStudio 和开发者平台使用）生成的合成水印图像侵犯了 ISTOCK 商标，并且 2.1 版中的一些示例侵犯了 GETTY IMAGES 商标。然而，法院驳回了 Getty 的其余商标主张，包括那些相关的内容。" }, { "title": "Kamal v Tax Policy Associates", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1643/Kamal_v._Neidle_UK_11_March_2026.pdf", "date": "11 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re A, B, C, D (Extension of assessment; Use of AI: hallucinations)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1857/Re_A_B_C_D_UK_5_March_2026.pdf", "date": "5 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Brightwaters Energy Limited v Eroton Exploration and Production Company Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1860/Brightwater_v._Eroton_UK_17_February_2026.pdf", "date": "17 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "PSAHSC v. Tchampet", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1450/PSAHSC_v._Tchampet_UK_30_January_2026.pdf", "date": "30 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Folarin v. The Immigration Services Commissionner", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1427/Folarin_v._Immigration_Services_Commissioner_UK_29_January_2026.pdf", "date": "29 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Your Home Partners v. Kellichan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1696/2026sckdy34-your-home-partners-v-kellichan-and-another.pdf", "date": "19 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Robert Huish v HRMC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1449/Robert_Huish_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC-2026_UKFTT_129_TC.pdf", "date": "16 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ms F Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1669/Green_v._Imprint_UK_11_December_2025.pdf", "date": "12 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Elden v HMRC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1283/Gary_Elden_v_The_Commissioners_for_HMRC_UK_8_January_2026.pdf", "date": "8 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1668/Pieu_v._Hywel_Dda_University_Local_Health_Board_UK.pdf", "date": "30 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mr T De Carvalho Ferreira v Magic Life Limited & Ors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1667/Ferreira_v._Magic_Life_UK_1_December_2025.pdf", "date": "12 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mr J Harrison v Mr D May t/a Leeds Gymnastics Academy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1676/Harrison_v._Mr_D_May_ta_Leeds_Gymnastics_Academy_UK_24_October_2025.pdf", "date": "10 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "D (A Child) (Recusal)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1163/D_Recusal_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "date": "9 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Taiwo v Homelets of Bath Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1147/Wemimop_v._Homelets_UK_3_December_2025.pdf", "date": "3 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Oxford Hotel Investments Ltd v Great Yarmouth Borough Council", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1102/Oxford_Hotel_Investments_Limited_v_Great_Yarmouth_Borough_Council_UK_24_November_2025.pdf", "date": "24 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "UK and R v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1565/Munir_v._SSHD_UK_17_November_2025.pdf", "date": "17 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Choksi v IPS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1069/Choksi_v._IPS_Law_UK_4_November_2025.pdf", "date": "4 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1670/Oscartech_UK.pdf", "date": "30 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd & ors v Assethold Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1023/Victoria_Place_Flats_UK_23_October_2025.pdf", "date": "23 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re Sriram (aka Roy)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/900/Sriram_v._Birtttain__Pantera_UK_22_October_2025.pdf", "date": "22 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chi Keung Lee & others v Blackpool B&B Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1671/62_Hornby_Road_decision_final_17-10-25_UK_17_October_2025.pdf", "date": "17 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v Birmingham City University", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1672/Ndaryiyumvire-v-Birmingham-City-University_UK_14_October_2026.pdf", "date": "14 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "AK v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/901/UI2025002918.pdf", "date": "6 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "ANPV & SAPV v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/884/UI-2025-003373___UI-2025-003374.pdf", "date": "29 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "MS (Bangladesh)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/806/305.pdf", "date": "12 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Holloway v Beckles", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1103/The_Framptons_UK_12_August_2025.pdf", "date": "12 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chanda v Royal Mail Group Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1514/Chanda_v._Royal_Mail_UK_2_September_2025.pdf", "date": "28 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "HMRC v. Gunnarson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/644/HMRC_v._Gunnarson_UK_23_July_2025.pdf", "date": "23 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "PS v London Borough of Wandsworth", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1272/PS_v._Wandsworth_UK_11_July_2025.pdf", "date": "14 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Various Leaseholders v Assethold Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1104/Napier_House_LU1_1DU_Appeal_UK_7_July_2025.pdf", "date": "7 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/586/June_Ralph_v._Pro_Health_UK_20_June_2025.pdf", "date": "20 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "UB v Secretary of State for the Home Department", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1673/UI-2025-000834_UK_18_June_2025.pdf", "date": "18 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ayinde v. Haringey & Al-Haroun v. QNB", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/466/Ayinde_v._Haringey__Al-Haroun_v._QNB_UK_6_June_2025.pdf", "date": "6 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bandla v. Solicitors Regulation Authority", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/331/Venkateshwarlu_Bandla_v._SRA_UK_May_13_2025.pdf", "date": "13 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/449/Crypto_Open_Patent_Alliance_v._Wright_UK_May_12_2025.pdf", "date": "12 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1675/Goshen_v._Accuro_UK_22_April_2025.pdf", "date": "22 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 966, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "826" }, { "id": "UY", "title": "Uruguay", "entries": [ { "date": "21 November 2023", "title": "Uruguay Data Transfer Adequacy Decision (Resolution No. 63/023)", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/unidad-reguladora-control-datos-personales/institucional/normativa/resolucion-n-63023", "description": "On 21 November 2023, the Regulatory and Personal Data Control Unit of Uruguay (URCDP) adopted Resolution N° 63/023. The URCDP hereby updated a resolution on countries and organisations considered adequate for international data transfers, and included South Korea and organisations under the EU-US data privacy framework (DPF) program.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌拉圭数据传输充分性决定（第 63/023 号决议）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 21 日，乌拉圭监管和个人数据控制部门 (URCDP) 通过了第 63/023 号决议。 URCDP 特此更新了一项关于被认为足以进行国际数据传输的国家和组织的决议，其中包括韩国和欧盟-美国数据隐私框架 (DPF) 计划下的组织。" }, { "date": "2 September 2025", "title": "Uruguay signs Council of Europe’s global AI treaty", "url": "https://www.coe.int/be/web/portal/-/uruguay-signs-council-of-europe-s-global-ai-treaty", "description": "Primary source (coe.int) dated 2 September 2025 in UY. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Agentic Ai", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Online Safety & Child Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌拉圭签署欧洲委员会全球人工智能条约", "description_zh": "乌拉圭签署了欧洲委员会《人工智能与人权、民主和法治框架公约》，这是第一个具有法律约束力的国际条约，旨在确保人工智能系统的使用完全符合人权、民主和法治。乌拉圭成为第一个签署该条约的拉丁美洲国家，从而加入迄今为止签署该条约的另外 16 个签署国（11 个欧洲委员会成员国，以及加拿大、以色列、日本、美国和欧盟）。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "http 403", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "Latin American delegates visit AI expertise centres in Europe, kickstarting AI regulation dialogue between EU and Latin America", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/chile/delegation-latin-american-public-institutions-visit-ai-expertise-centres-europe_en?s=192", "description": "From October 14 to 18, representatives from public institutions in Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay visited AI agencies in Spain and Slovenia in a study trip funded by the TAIEX Instrument. The visit is part of the EU-LAC Digital Alliancewhich fosters cooperation between the EU and Latin America-Caribbean a more human-centric digital transformation. The delegation from Latin America (LA) visited key AI institutions in Barcelona, Madrid, Ljubljana and Maribor with a focus on algorithmic transparency, research and innovation, and the role of supercomputers in advancing AI technologies. Among the insti", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉美代表参观欧洲人工智能专业中心，启动欧盟与拉美之间的人工智能监管对话", "description_zh": "2024年10月14日至18日，来自巴西、智利和乌拉圭公共机构的代表访问了作为欧盟-拉丁美洲和加勒比（EU-LAC）联盟成员的西班牙和斯洛文尼亚的人工智能机构，分享了建立人工智能相关机构和监管政策的见解和最佳实践。此次访问将为即将于 2024 年 11 月在智利圣地亚哥举行的欧盟-拉美数字联盟人工智能政策对话做出贡献，该对话与 eLAC 部长级会议连续举行，从而加强欧盟和拉美和加勒比地区在人工智能关键领域的合作。此次访问的进一步结果（包括任何监管见解）尚未公布。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" }, { "date": "3 October 2024", "title": "Montevideo Declaration adopted", "url": "https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/sites/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/files/documentos/noticias/EN-Proposal%20for%20Montevideo%20Declaration.pdf", "description": "Primary source (gub.uy) dated 3 October 2024 in UY. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒙得维的亚宣言获得通过", "description_zh": "在乌拉圭蒙得维的亚，代表各国的部长和高层机构齐聚“拉丁美洲和加勒比地区人工智能伦理第二届部长级和高层机构峰会”，并通过了《蒙得维的亚宣言》。该宣言重申该地区致力于在促进、尊重和保护人权、基本自由、法治和民主的基础上发展和部署人工智能，重点关注人类、人民的福祉和尊严，促进创新并确保包容性和可持续的技术进步。除其他外，该宣言呼吁制定人工智能区域路线图，其中包括在未来 12 个月内实施的 5 项优先行动方针：(1) 治理和监管、(2) 人才和工作未来、(3) 保护弱势群体、(4) 环境、(5) 可持续性以及气候变化和基础设施。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Latin American countries adopt sweeping AI declaration", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 10 August 2024) regarding AI policy activity in UY. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉丁美洲国家通过全面的人工智能宣言", "description_zh": "17个拉丁美洲国家（阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、库拉索岛、厄瓜多尔、危地马拉、圭亚那、洪都拉斯、巴拿马、巴拉圭、秘鲁、多米尼加共和国、苏里南和乌拉圭）的代表签署了《卡塔赫纳人工智能治理宣言》。该宣言包括（1）遵守联合国教科文组织在人工智能造福全球峰会上提出的道德建议，（2）与现有的软法律文书（如经合组织的人工智能建议）保持一致，以及（3）继续先前在蒙得维的亚和圣地亚哥签署的类似人工智能倡议。该声明的文本尚未公开。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "Uruguay releases recommendations on AI regulation", "url": "", "description": "News report (bnamericas.com, 6 July 2024) regarding AI policy activity in UY. A primary-source document may exist; see linked article for details.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌拉圭发布人工智能监管建议", "description_zh": "作为国家人工智能战略的一部分，乌拉圭的电子政府机构 Agesic 提交了一份报告，其中提出了监管人工智能的建议。本报告建议：（1）为公共部门开发、使用和获取人工智能制定具体标准； (2) 加强 Agesic 及其在人工智能和数据问题上的能力； (3) 在公共实体中设立内部数据委员会； （四）明确政府数据治理模型； (5) 创建公共数据库作为人工智能系统的训练数据。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_primary_lookup_needed": true, "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 6, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "858" }, { "id": "VU", "title": "Vanuatu", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "548" }, { "id": "VE", "title": "Venezuela", "entries": [ { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "Venezuela's AI Bill: A Step Toward Ethical and Transparent Technological Development", "url": "https://marcasur.com/en/noticia/venezuelas-ai-bill-a-step-toward-ethical-and-transparent-technological-development&f=01-2025", "description": "The National Assembly (AN) of Venezuela is set to review the Artificial Intelligence Bill during the first quarter of 2025. This regulatory framework aims to ensure the responsible use of AI in technological processes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "委内瑞拉的人工智能法案：迈向道德和透明技术发展的一步", "description_zh": "据悉，委内瑞拉国民议会将于 2025 年第一季度审查《人工智能法案》。该监管框架由四个章节 57 条文章组成，重点是监督和控制人工智能的使用，同时促进符合道德原则的教育和技术发展。值得注意的是，它提议成立国家人工智能机构，这是一个旨在提高整个过程透明度的监管机构。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "862" }, { "id": "ZM", "title": "Zambia", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "894" }, { "id": "SARFAI", "title": "Southern Africa Sub-Regional Forum on Artificial Intelligence (SARFAI)", "entries": [ { "title": "AI policy update — Windhoek Statement on Artificial Intelligence in Southern Africa (2022)", "url": "https://sarfai2022.org/assets/documents/Windhoek_Statement_on_Artficial_Intelligence%20in%20Southern%20Africa_English.pdf", "description": "Primary source (sarfai2022.org) in SARFAI. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [ "Safe & Responsible Ai" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于南部非洲人工智能的温得和克声明（2022 年）：", "description_zh": "一份旨在促进南部非洲成员国设计和实施人工智能政策的声明。声明(1)建议成员国共同创建以非洲为中心的人工智能治理框架，强调与国家战略目标相一致的可持续和道德发展； (2) 建议审查、更新和制定有关人工智能的监管和法律框架； (3) 考虑高风险人工智能使用的立法工具，(4) 算法透明度，以确保公众监督并减少偏见。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": true, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "XK", "title": "Kosovo", "entries": [ { "title": "AI policy update — Balkan Govts Need to Create Strategies For Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (March 2023)", "url": "https://balkaninsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FINAL-AI-Report.pdf", "description": "Primary source (balkaninsight.com) in XK. See linked source for full text.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴尔干政府需要制定负责任地使用人工智能的战略（2023 年 3 月）：", "description_zh": "本简报介绍了该研究的主要发现，旨在通过概述该地区国家采用的现有人工智能相关法律文书和战略，阐明巴尔干地区政府应用和开发人工智能技术的准备情况。", "_fetch_failed": true, "_fetch_error": "non-html (application/pdf)", "_desc_source": "neutral_stub_post_quality_filter", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_title_rewritten": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "383" }, { "id": "YE", "title": "Yemen", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "887" }, { "id": "NE", "title": "Niger", "entries": [], "entry_count": 0, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "562" }, { "id": "LY", "title": "Libya", "entries": [ { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "National Policy for Artificial Intelligence launched", "url": "https://lana.gov.ly/post.php?lang=en&id=307543", "description": "Tripoli, May 17, 2024 (LANA) - The Communications and Informatics Authority announced today, Friday, the launch of the National Artificial Intelligence Policy for the State of Libya on its official website, on the occasion of the anniversary of World Telecommunication and Information Society Day scheduled for May 17, under the slogan “Digital Innovation for Sustainable Development.”The Authori", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能政策出台", "description_zh": "利比亚通信和信息管理局推出了国家人工智能政策。该国家政策是一个综合框架，旨在指导利比亚各个部门负责任地采用和整合人工智能。值得注意的是，在监管方面，该政策通过使人工智能实践与当地和国际法律保持一致来解决法律和道德挑战，并包括起草国家人工智能道德宪章，以维护人权并防止技术滥用。", "_overlap_rewrite": true, "_desc_source": "fetched_from_primary" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "434" }, { "id": "US", "title": "United States of America", "entries": [ { "title": "Text - S.3952 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2026 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3952/text", "description": "“(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2026, the Director shall establish a center on artificial intelligence within the Institute.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "S.4414 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to improve educational efforts related to artificial intelligence literacy at the elementary school and secondary school level, and for other purposes. | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4414", "description": "Summary of S.4414 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to improve educational efforts related to artificial intelligence literacy at the elementary school and secondary school level, and for other purposes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST Launches Centers for AI in Manufacturing and Critical Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/12/nist-launches-centers-ai-manufacturing-and-critical-infrastructure", "description": "NIST has expanded its collaboration with the nonprofit MITRE Corporation as part of its efforts to ensure U.S. leadership in artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Use of Artificial Intelligence at GSA | GSA", "url": "https://www.gsa.gov/directives-library/accelerating-responsible-use-of-artificial-intelligence-at-gsa", "description": "This directive updates the governing policies for the responsible, efficient, and accelerated adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and platforms within the General Services Administration (GSA).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "America Needs One Rulebook for Artificial Intelligence. The TRUMP AMERICA AI Act Would Create It", "url": "https://www.blackburn.senate.gov/2026/4/ai/america-needs-one-rulebook-for-artificial-intelligence-the-trump-america-ai-act-would-create-it", "description": "To protect conservatives and promote viewpoint diversity, the bill would require high-risk AI systems to undergo regular bias evaluations to prevent discrimination based on protected characteristics, including political affiliation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "S.4407 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to require the creation of family accounts for children to be able to use artificial intelligence chatbots, to require verifiable parental consent for teens using artificial intelligence chatbots, and for other purposes. | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4407", "description": "Summary of S.4407 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to require the creation of family accounts for children to be able to use artificial intelligence chatbots, to require verifiable parental consent for teens using artificial intelligence ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/crt/media/1437846/dl", "description": "Case No. 1:26-cv-01515-DDD-CYC Document 12-2 filed 04/24/26 USDC Colorado ... Framework for Artificial Intelligence, 90 Fed. Reg. 58,499 (Dec.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Rep. Obernolte, Rep. Jacobs Introduce Bipartisan Bill to Prepare American Workers for AI-Driven Economic Change | Representative Jay Obernolte", "url": "https://obernolte.house.gov/media/press-releases/rep-obernolte-rep-jacobs-introduce-bipartisan-bill-prepare-american-workers-ai", "description": "WASHINGTON, D.C. — Congressman Jay Obernolte (CA-23) and Congresswoman Sara Jacobs (CA-51) today introduced the Economy of the Future Commission Act of 2026, bipartisan legislation to help the United States prepare for the economic impacts ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Congressman Blake Moore Introduces Bipartisan Bill Protecting Children from AI Companion Chatbots | U.S. Congressman Blake Moore", "url": "https://blakemoore.house.gov/media/press-releases/congressman-blake-moore-introduces-bipartisan-bill-protecting-children-from-ai-companion-chatbots", "description": "The GUARD Act will help to protect minors from these harms by deliberately ensuring that violations are punishable by law. The GUARD Act has the sharp teeth needed to deal with rising AI exploitation,” said Haley McNamara, Executive Director ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Heinrich, Young, Rounds, Booker Reintroduce Bipartisan Legislation to Expand Access to Artificial Intelligence Research | U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich of New Mexico", "url": "https://www.heinrich.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/heinrich-young-rounds-booker-reintroduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-expand-access-to-artificial-intelligence-research", "description": "WASHINGTON — U.S. Senator Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), Founder and Co-Chair of the Senate Artificial Intelligence (AI) Caucus, and Senators Todd Young (R-Ind.), Mike Rounds (R-S.D.), and Cory Booker (D-N.J.) introduced the CREATE AI Act, legislation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Speech by Vice Chair for Supervision Bowman on artificial intelligence in the financial system - Federal Reserve Board", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/bowman20260501a.htm", "description": "2. See Michelle W. Bowman, "Artificial Intelligence in the Financial System (PDF)," remarks delivered at the 27th Annual Symposium on Building the Financial System of the 21st Century: An Agenda for Japan and the United States," Washington, D.C., November 22, 2024. Return to text · 3. See SR letter 26-2, Attachment, "Supervisory Guidance on Model Risk Management (PDF)," April 17, 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NEWS: Sens. Schiff, Rounds Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Bolster Artificial Intelligence Literacy for Students", "url": "https://www.schiff.senate.gov/news/press-releases/news-sens-schiff-rounds-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-bolster-artificial-intelligence-literacy-for-students/", "description": "Washington, D.C. - Today, U.S. Senators Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) and Mike Rounds (R-S.D.) introduced the Literacy in Future Technologies (LIFT) Artificial Intelligence Act, bipartisan legislation to improve artificial intelligence literacy as part of students’ K-12 education.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-21", "title": "Wyoming: Senate Bill 38 regulating decentralized autonomous organisations", "url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2021/SF0038", "description": "After the signature of the governor, the Wyoming Senate Bill 38 becomes state law (chamber number 162). The bill aims to clarify the legal status of decentralized autonomous organisations (DAOs). DAOs are online collectives of investors making shared decisions relying on smart-contract technology, and the Bill aims to recognise them as limited liability corporations (LLCs).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-04", "title": "National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/dag/media/1395781/dl?inline", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Department of Justice announced it would no longer pursue litigation and enforcement actions that effectively impose regulatory frameworks on digital assets through the criminal justice system, a practice it described as \"regulation by prosecution.\" As part of this policy, the DOJ also disbanded the National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET) with immediate effect, redirecting prosecutorial focus away from regulatory violations and toward cases involving investor frau...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-16", "title": "Licensing regulation in Virtual Asset and Initial Token Offering Services Act 2021", "url": "https://mauritiusassembly.govmu.org/Documents/Acts/2021/act2121.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2021, the Mauritius Virtual Asset and Initial Token Offering Services Act 2021 is implemented through its publication on the Official Gazette. The Act requires the Financial Services Commission (FSC) to regulate and supervise the virtual asset service providers and the issuers of initial token offerings operating in the country. In particular, the Act requires virtual asset service providers to apply for a license, and initial token offerings issuers to register to the FSC. Bot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-07", "title": "FTC investigation into semiconductor supplier Broadcom over alleged illegal monopolisation", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2021/07/ftc-charges-broadcom-illegal-monopolization-orders-semiconductor", "description": "On 2 July 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a complaint against Broadcom alleging that the company has illegally monopolized the market of semiconductor components. The company Broadcom provides chip components to manufacturers of television and internet equipment, such as top boxes and broadband devices. The FTC claims that Broadcom has a monopoly on three types of semiconductor components used in devices providing television and internet and is a significant supplier of another...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-06-05", "title": "SEC investigation into NVIDIA regarding disclosure requirement", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/33-11060.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a decision in the case against NVIDIA regarding non-compliance with disclosure requirements. The SEC has found that NVIDIA failed to disclose the significance of cryptomining in its revenue growth from GPU sales in the fiscal year 2018. As a result, the SEC has issued a cease-and-desist order and a penalty of USD 5.5 million.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-16", "title": "US Federal Reserve guidance for banks considering crypto activities", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/supervisionreg/srletters/SR2206.htm", "description": "On 16 August 2022, the US Federal Reserve issued Guidance for banks under its supervision which are considering crypto activities. The guidance outlines the steps to be taken by supervised banking organisations before engaging in any crypto-asset-related activity. In particular, the Guidance provides that banks should notify the Federal Reserve before engaging in crypto-related activities. In addition, banks should make sure that any activity under consideration is legally allowed and that th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "CFTC investigation into bZeroX", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8715-23", "description": "On 8 June 2023, a US district judge ruled on the case between the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and the Ooki Decentralised Autonomous Organisation (DAO), fining the company USD 643'542. The court ruled that Ooki, the successor of bZeroX, was operating an illegal trading platform and unlawfully acting as a futures commission merchant (FCM). The company was ordered to shut down and was permanently banned from trading and getting registered.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-29", "title": "Foreign Merger Subsidy Disclosure Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2617/actions", "description": "On 29 December 2022, the Foreign Merger Subsidy Disclosure Act entered into force after being signed into law by the US President on the same day. The Act was incorporated into the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023 (HR 2617) under Section 202, Mergers Involving Foreign Government Subsidies. The Act outlines merger disclosure requirements. Under the Act, the disclosure requirements will be implemented after the FTC, alongside the Assistant Attorney General in charge of the Antitrust Divisio...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-31", "title": "Controls Related to Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Rules including export restrictions", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/07/2022-26662/implementation-of-additional-export-controls-certain-advanced-computing-and-semiconductor", "description": "On 31 January 2023, the public consultation on the Commerce Department Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) rule entitled \"Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use\", closed. The deadline for submitting comments was extended on 7 December 2022 from 12 December to 31 January 2023. The rule restricts the sharing of information and export of technology related to semiconductors to China...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-12", "title": "Lawsuit against Tiktok over allegedly promoting misleading level of data security", "url": "https://public.courts.in.gov/mycase/#/vw/CaseSummary/eyJ2Ijp7IkNhc2VUb2tlbiI6IjVzWlNyVHBjazV3LXZaeWxNWGRtR0VSU3BCd2dQaGhwWDFNMkhhYmEwZEkxIn19", "description": "On 7 December 2022, the Attorney General (AG) of Indiana filed a lawsuit against Tiktok and its parent company Bytedance. The lawsuit alleges that Tiktok misleads its users about the application's level of security and data governance standards. According to the AG, Tiktok informs its users that there is a comprehensive security framework in place that is not subject to Chinese law and that users' data will not be shared with China. Furthermore, the AG alleges that Tiktok also fails to disclo...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-12-23", "title": "US National Defense Authorization Act 2023 including semiconductors regulation", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "On 23 December 2022, the “National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023” was signed into law by the US President, Joe Biden. Section 5949 of the Act prohibits the US government from procuring electronic products from certain Chinese semiconductor manufacturers, specifically the Semiconductor Manufacturing International Cooperation, ChanXin Memory Technologies, and Yangtze Memory Technologies Corp. The prohibitions enter into force five years after the date of the enactment of the Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-12", "title": "Lawsuit alleging anticompetitive conduct in online search advertising market (Dreamstime v Google)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2022/12/06/20-16472.pdf", "description": "On 6 December 2022, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals confirmed the previous court's judgment and dismissed the appeal by Dreamstime. Dreamstime filed a lawsuit against Google over alleged anticompetitive conduct in the online search advertising market. The Court of Appeals stated that Dreamstime hadn't sufficiently and accurately defined the relevant market in which the alleged antitrust practices occurred. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals noted that Dreamstime hadn't specified the relevan...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Regulatory Agencies Statement on Crypto-Asset Risks to Banking Organizations", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/files/bcreg20230103a1.pdf", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued a joint Statement on \"Crypto-Asset Risks to Banking Organizations\". In particular, the Statement describes several key risks associated with crypto-assets and the crypto-asset sector, including the risk of fraud and scams, the volatility in crypto-asset markets, and the potential deposit outflows for banking organisa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-19", "title": "Lawsuit involving alleged violations of 1933 Securities Act in cryptoassets programme (SEC vs Genesis and Gemini)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-7", "description": "On 19 March 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced the closure of its lawsuit against Genesis Global Capital, LLC for the unregistered offer and sale of securities to retail investors through the Gemini Earn crypto asset lending program. The latter agreed to the payment of a USD 21 million. The SEC will not receive any portion of the penalty until after payment of all other allowed claims by the bankruptcy court, including claims by retail investors in the Gemini Earn program....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-19", "title": "Act to increase accountability in the sale of personal data (SD 1768)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD1768", "description": "On 19 January 2023, the \"Act to increase accountability in the sale of personal data\" (SD 1768) was introduced in the Massachusetts Senate. The Act would require entities selling personal information or exchanging personal information to register with the Department of Revenue. The Department will recommend to the legislature ways to tax entities selling personal information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-03", "title": "Digital Asset Mining Protection Act (SB 2603)", "url": "http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2023/pdf/history/SB/SB2603.xml", "description": "On 10 March 2023, the Mississippi Digital Asset Mining Act (SB 2603) was rejected after failing to pass before the expiry of the legislative session. The Act would also have created a Mississippi Digital Asset Mining Council comprising representatives appointed by the Governor, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House, members of the public, government officials, and a representative of an environmental non-profit organisation. The Council would have been tasked with evaluating t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-16", "title": "FTC and DoJ lawsuit against VoIP Service Providers carrying Robocalls for alleged violation of the Telemarketing Sales Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/001-complaint.pdf", "description": "On 16 February 2023, the Department of Justice (DoJ) filed a complaint on behalf of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against a range of defendants, including Stratics Networks Inc., Netlatitude Inc., and Kurt Hannigan, for providing and implementing technology to initiate unwanted Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and ringless voicemail (RVM) debt service robocalls in order to telemarket various goods and services, including debt relief services. In particular, the complaint alleges that ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-23", "title": "US Regulatory Agencies Statement on Liquidity Risks to Banking Organizations Resulting from Crypto-Asset Market Vulnerabilities", "url": "https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/files/bcreg20230223a1.pdf", "description": "On 23 February 2023, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) issued a joint Statement on \"Liquidity Risks to Banking Organizations Resulting from Crypto-Asset Market Vulnerabilities\". In particular, the Statement outlines key liquidity risks and practices for monitoring and managing those risks, such as performing due diligence and ongoing monitoring of crypto-asset-related entitie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-03", "title": "Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Amendments Act (HB 357)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/HB0357.html", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Decentralized Autonomous Organizations Amendments (DAO Act) was adopted by the Utah State Legislature. The Act will allow decentralised autonomous organisations, including systems relying on protocols such as blockchains or smart contracts, that are not registered as a for-profit corporate entity or a non-profit entity to be treated as the legal equivalent of a domestic limited liability company. Notably, the Act incorporates a technology gatekeeping function to identify ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-02", "title": "Executive Order 23-06 to Protect State Information and Communications Technology from the Influence of Adversarial Foreign Governments", "url": "https://governor.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/EO-23-06-TikTok-Ban.pdf", "description": "On 9 February 2023, Executive Order 23-06 to Protect State Information and Communications Technology from the Influence of Adversarial Foreign Governments was implemented. The Executive Order required the Office of State Procurement (OSP) and the Division of Information Systems (DIS) to implement Guidance requiring all State Executive Agencies to delete TikTok from state devices. Additionally, future installation of TikTok and access to it through state networks must also be blocked. The OSP ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-03", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding on employer surveillance between Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)", "url": "https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/national-labor-relations-board-and-consumer-financial-protection-bureau", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed to address employer surveillance and workplace financial practices. The MoU outlines a framework for information sharing and collaboration between the two organisations to achieve their common objectives in the area in question.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Communications Security, Reliability, and Interoperability Council Act (S 828)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/828/text?s=1&r=1", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Communications Security, Reliability, and Interoperability Council Act was introduced in the US Senate (S 828). The Act would authorise the US Federal Communications Commission to establish a Council to advise the Commission on issues including the security, reliability, and interoperability of communications networks. The members of the Council would be appointed by the Chair of the Commission, comprising representatives of companies or relevant trade associations in th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-18", "title": "Bureau of Industry Entity List of Trade Restrictions", "url": "https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/about-bis/newsroom/press-releases/3297-2023-07-18-bis-press-package-spyware-document/file", "description": "On 18 July 2023, the US Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) added four companies to the Entity List established under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). In particular, four entities were included in the Entity List for trafficking in cyber exploits used to gain unauthorised access to information systems and threaten the privacy of individuals and organisations. More specifically, the BIS aims to restrict these entities' access to commodities, software, and te...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-21", "title": "Improving Digital Identity Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/884/actions?s=1&r=51", "description": "On 21 March 2023, the Improving Digital Identity Act was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act aims to enable digital identity confirmation for businesses and public institutions. Specifically, the Act would call for the establishment of an \"Improving Digital Identity Task Force\" that would support public institutions on all levels by better combining digital and physical identity documents, including digital versions of driver's licenses, passports or birth certificates. Specifical...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "BIS investigation into Seagate Technology for alleged violation of the US Export Controls", "url": "https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/about-bis/newsroom/press-releases/3264-2023-04-19-bis-press-release-seagate-settlement/file", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the US Department of Commerce imposed a fine of USD 300 million against Seagate Technology, an American data storage company, for selling hard disk drives to Huawei in violation of the foreign direct product (FDP) rule of the US export controls. In particular, the rule restricts the sharing of information and export of technology related to semiconductors to China and other foreign companies. The entities are required to obtain a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Drug Manufacturing - OPQ_Artificial Intelligence Discussion", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2023-N-0487/0900006485734cbe", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Artificial Intelligence in Drug Manufacturing - OPQ_Artificial Intelligence Discussion (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "title": "Privacy Act of 1974: Matching Program", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/24/C1-2026-07012/privacy-act-of-1974-matching-program", "description": "", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2017-04-13", "title": "Gender Biases in Google Translate", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/59/", "description": "A Cornell University study in 2016 highlighted Google Translate's pattern of assigning gender to occupations in a way showing an implicit gender bias against women.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2016-12-22", "title": "Reinforcement Learning Reward Functions in Video Games", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/65/", "description": "OpenAI published a post about its findings when using Universe, a software for measuring and training AI agents to conduct reinforcement learning experiments, showing that the AI agent did not act in the way intended to complete a videogame.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2018-05-29", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Crashed into Parked Police Car in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/323/", "description": "A Tesla sedan on Autopilot mode collided with a parked Laguna Beach Police Department car, resulting in minor injuries for its driver in Laguna Beach, California.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2019-12-29", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Fatally Crashed into Parked Fire Truck in Indiana", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/319/", "description": "A Tesla on Autopilot mode failed to see a parked fire truck and crashed into its rear on an interstate in Indiana, causing the death of an Arizona woman.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2018-03-23", "title": "Tesla Model X on Autopilot Crashed into California Highway Barrier, Killing Driver", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/321/", "description": "A Tesla Model X P100D operating on Autopilot's Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (TACC) and Autosteer system allegedly accelerated above the speed limit of a highway in Mountain View, California, and steered itself directly into a barrier, resulting in its driver’s death.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2016-05-26", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot TACC Crashed into Van on European Highway", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/306/", "description": "A Tesla Model S operating on the Traffic-Aware Cruise Control (TACC) feature of Autopilot was shown on video by its driver crashing into a parked van on a European highway in heavy traffic, which damaged the front of the car.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2016-12-31", "title": "Amazon India Allegedly Rigged Search Results to Promote Own Products", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/437/", "description": "Amazon India allegedly copied products and rigged search algorithm to boost its own brands in search ranking, violating antitrust laws.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "Louisiana Police Wrongfully Arrested Black Man Using False Face Match", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/440/", "description": "Louisiana police reportedly used a false facial recognition match and secured an arrest warrant for a Black man for thefts he did not commit.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-05-18", "title": "Replika's AI Partners Reportedly Sexually Harassed Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/456/", "description": "Replika's \"AI companions\" were reported by users for sexually harassing them, such as sending unwanted sexual messages or behaving aggressively.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "Illinois Residents File Class Action Lawsuit Against Facial Recognition Technology Companies for Allegedly Violating BIPA", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/584/", "description": "A class action lawsuit was filed against several facial recognition technology companies for allegedly violating the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). The defendants are accused of offering a facial recognition search engine called Pimeyes, which collects images from databases acros", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "False Arrest of Georgia Man Due to Louisiana Police's Faulty Facial Recognition Technology", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/598/", "description": "The Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office in Louisiana relied on facial recognition technology to identify suspects for the alleged theft of luxury purses, resulting in a man in Georgia, Randal Reid, being arrested. However, the technology produced a false match, leading to Reid's arrest and subsequent", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-04", "title": "South Korean man used AI to create sexual images of children", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/600/", "description": "A South Korean man used AI technology to generate 360 images of a sexual nature depicting children in April of 2023. The police confiscated the images and the courts sentenced the man to two and a half years in prison. The case marked the first of its nature in the South Korean court system.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-20", "title": "Child Sexual Abuse Material Taints Image Generators", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/624/", "description": "The LAION-5B dataset (a commonly used dataset with more than 5 billion image-description pairs) was found by researchers to contain child sexual abuse material (CSAM), which increases the likelihood that downstream models will produce CSAM imagery. The discovery taints models built with the LAION da", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-04", "title": "Washington State's Lottery AI Site Reportedly Generates Inappropriate User Image", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/662/", "description": "An AI-powered website by Washington State's Lottery is reported to have inadvertently produced a softcore pornographic image of a user, leading to the site’s immediate shutdown out of caution.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-23", "title": "Study Highlights Persistent Hallucinations in Legal AI Systems", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/704/", "description": "Stanford University’s Human-Centered AI Institute (HAI) conducted a study in which they designed a \"pre-registered dataset of over 200 open-ended legal queries\" to test AI products by LexisNexis (creator of Lexis+ AI) and Thomson Reuters (creator of Westlaw AI-Assisted Research and Ask Practical Law", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-04", "title": "AI Deepfakes for Voter Outreach Flood Indian Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/730/", "description": "During the 2024 Indian elections, politicians used AI-generated deepfakes to reach voters, who might be unaware they're interacting with digital clones. Providers like Divyendra Singh Jadoun of Polymath Synthetic Media Solutions created deepfakes for personalized messages. This practice, used by var", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-08-06", "title": "Kristen Bell Deepfaked in Non-Consensual AI-Generated Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/772/", "description": "The actor Kristen Bell discovered that her likeness was exploited by creators of deepfake pornography, who shared their non-consensual sexual depictions of her on the Internet.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-15", "title": "Teenager in Palma de Mallorca Allegedly Generated and Distributed Deepfake Nudes of Five Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/933/", "description": "A teenager in Palma de Mallorca, Spain allegedly generated deepfake nudes of five classmates, reportedly taking their images from social media and using AI to alter them without their consent. He is reported to have shared the altered images with others.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Scammers Allegedly Using Deepfake Technology to Impersonate Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/970/", "description": "Scammers are reportedly using deepfake technology to impersonate Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, according to the Personal Data Protection Agency. The video is reported to have circulated from a Russian-language account called Noticias Mundiales (\"World News\").", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-14", "title": "Testing frameworks for the classification of AI systems", "url": "", "description": "What CSET and OECD learned by comparing how frameworks can guide the human classification of AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-06", "title": "The American AI Initiative: The U.S. strategy for leadership in artificial intelligence", "url": "", "description": "The American AI Initiative is in support of AI innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Congressional Mandates & Executive Orders", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/ai-congressional-mandates-executive-orders-and-actions", "description": "NIST AI: Congressional Mandates & Executive Orders", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Center for AI Standards and Innovation", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/caisi", "description": "NIST AI: Center for AI Standards and Innovation", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Technical Contributions to AI Governance", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/technical-contributions-ai-governance", "description": "NIST AI: Technical Contributions to AI Governance", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/itl/national-artificial-intelligence-advisory-committee-naiac", "description": "NIST AI: National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "national AI research institutes", "url": "https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/articles/trump-administration-investing-1-billion-research-institutes-advance-industries-future/", "description": "NIST AI: national AI research institutes", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Visit the AI Resource Center", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/", "description": "NIST AI: Visit the AI Resource Center", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "NIST-AI-600-1, Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.600-1", "description": "NIST AI: NIST-AI-600-1, Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-18", "title": "Second draft of the AI Risk Management Framework", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/document/ai-risk-management-framework-2nd-draft", "description": "NIST AI: Second draft of the AI Risk Management Framework", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-29", "title": "AI Risk Management Framework Request for Information", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/07/29/2021-16176/artificial-intelligence-risk-management-framework", "description": "NIST AI: AI Risk Management Framework Request for Information", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST Risk Management Framework Aims to Improve Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/01/nist-risk-management-framework-aims-improve-trustworthiness-artificial", "description": "NIST AI: NIST Risk Management Framework Aims to Improve Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST Seeks Comments on AI Risk Management Framework Guidance, Workshop Date Set", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/08/nist-seeks-comments-ai-risk-management-framework-guidance-workshop-date-set", "description": "NIST AI: NIST Seeks Comments on AI Risk Management Framework Guidance, Workshop Date Set", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST Seeks Comments on Draft AI Risk Management Framework, Offers Guidance on AI Bias", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/03/nist-seeks-comments-draft-ai-risk-management-framework-offers-guidance-ai", "description": "NIST AI: NIST Seeks Comments on Draft AI Risk Management Framework, Offers Guidance on AI Bias", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) AI Program", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/nist-information-technology-laboratory-itl-ai-program", "description": "NIST AI: The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) AI Program", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Science and Technology Council’s Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Subcommittee", "url": "https://www.ai.gov/about/", "description": "NIST AI: National Science and Technology Council’s Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Subcommittee", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Networking and Information Technology Research and Development’s (NITRD) AI Working group", "url": "https://www.ai.gov/a-new-nitrd-iwg-for-artificial-intelligence-ai-rd/", "description": "NIST AI: Networking and Information Technology Research and Development’s (NITRD) AI Working group", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National AI Research Resource Task Force.", "url": "https://www.ai.gov/nairrtf/", "description": "NIST AI: National AI Research Resource Task Force.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-21", "title": "Establishment of the California Privacy Protection Agency in California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (Proposition 24)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/", "description": "On 21 April 2022, the rulemaking authority under the California Consumer Privacy Act was formally transferred to the California Protection Agency, through the implementation of the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-12-22", "title": "Digital Copyright Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.tillis.senate.gov/services/files/4B568218-1344-4453-A30D-33B6406EB7CB", "description": "The discussion draft of the Digital Copyright Act of 2021 is published, aiming to modernise the copyright regime to tackle online infringements.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-02-19", "title": "Data protection regime in Illinois House Bill 3910", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/102/HB/10200HB3910.htm", "description": "House Bill 3910, introducing the \"Consumer Privacy Act.\", is introduced in the Illinois House of Representatives. The Bill introduces the consumer rights to data access and deletion. Moreover, it requires a business to inform a consumer when it collects, processes or sells personal information. Further, the consumer is provided with the right to opt-out of the sale of his or her personal information to third parties.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Journalism Competition and Preservation Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/673", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Journalism Competition and Preservation Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-06", "title": "Data protection regime in New York House Bill 567", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2021/S567", "description": "New York House Bill 567, which aims to allow consumers the right to request from businesses the categories of personal information sold or disclosed to third parties, is rejected since it failed to pass before the New York legislature adjourned on 10 June 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-04", "title": "Oklahoma: Computer Data Privacy Act (House Bill 1602 - 2021)", "url": "https://www.okhouse.gov/Media/News_Story.aspx?NewsID=8009", "description": "The Oklahoma House Bill 1602 (Computer Data Privacy Act), which includes data protection measures, fails to get passed to the Senate Judiciry Committee before the legislative deadline.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-09-21", "title": "Online Content Policy Modernization Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4632/text", "description": "The Online Content Policy Modernization Act is introduced, aiming to amend the immunity from liability in section 230 of the Communications Act regarding \"good Samaritan\" blocking and screening of offensive material. Furthemore, the bill aims to establish an alternative dispute resolution program for small claim copyright disputes.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-12-27", "title": "Protecting Lawful Streaming Act of 2020", "url": "https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-116HR133SA-RCP-116-68.pdf", "description": "The Protecting Lawful Streaming Act of 2020, introducing large fines for commercial, for-profit streaming piracy services, is implemented within the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, an omnibus spending bill.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-14", "title": "Executive Order 13925 Preventing Online Censorship", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/05/19/2021-10691/revocation-of-certain-presidential-actions-and-technical-amendment", "description": "On 14 May 2021, US President Biden, via Executive Prder 14029, repealed the Executive Order 13925 aiming to repeal the immunity of social media companies from liability created by section 230(c) of the Communications Decency Act.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "Data protection regime in Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?212+ful+CHAP0036+pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) becomes effective after its adoption on 2 March 2021. The bill establishes new requirements for personal data processing and security and applies to entities that are based in the State; produce or advertise its services to the residents of Virginia; and process or control personal data of at least 100,000 consumers. In cases where 50% of the entity's gross revenue is generated by selling or processing of personal data, the threshold...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Consumer Data Privacy and Security Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1494", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Consumer Data Privacy and Security Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-04-30", "title": "Data protection measures in Florida House Bill 969 (2021)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2021/969/?Tab=BillHistory", "description": "House Bill 969 (Consumer Data Privacy), aiming to introduce data protection measures, is rejected after failing to be passed by the end of the Florida legislative period. The bill introduced the requirement of consumer notification for data collection and selling and the right for consumers to data access, deletion and rectification. Moreover, the bill allowed consumers to opt-out of sales and sharing of personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-01", "title": "Bill amending the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (Bill No. SB 0300)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=300&GAID=16&GA=102&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=131454&SessionID=110", "description": "On 10 January 2023, the Bill amending the Biometric Information Privacy Act (Bill SB 0300) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have changed the definition of \"biometric information\" and \"written consent\" and would have provided specifications of rights of action and proceedings against private entities. Moreover, the Bill would have eliminated the fixed maximum amount of damages that could have been requested in case of violation of the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Data Protection requirements in Child Clean Slate Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1423", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Clean Slate for Kids Online Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-05", "title": "Executive Order on Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/05/12/executive-order-on-improving-the-nations-cybersecurity/", "description": "The U.S. president signs the Executive Order on Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity, aiming to protect federal government networks following a cybersecurity incident. It aims to remove barriers to threat information sharing between the government and private sector, modernize and implement more robust cybersecurity standards in the government, improve software supply chain security, improve detection, investigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents in government and create a standar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "The Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3611/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Algorithmic Justice and Online Platform Transparency Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Filter Bubble Transparency Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5921/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Filter Bubble Transparency Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-06-04", "title": "North Carolina: Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://webservices.ncleg.gov/ViewBillDocument/2021/2538/0/DRS15222-LR-88A", "description": "The Senate Bill 569 for a Consumer Privacy Act (CPA) is introduced in the General Assembly of North Carolina. The Senate Bill also expands consumer rights. Specifically, the proposed CPA specifies the consumer's rights of knowledge and access; right of correction; right of deletion; right to opt-out; as well as a private right of action.\n\nFor certain businesses, the bill foresees compliance requirements include the disclosure of the purpose of data collection; the duty to limit the collection...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "International Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2139/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the International Cybercrime Prevention Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-01-10", "title": "Connecticut: House Bill No. 5310", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2021/ACT/PA/PDF/2021PA-00059-R00HB-05310-PA.PDF", "description": "The House Bill No. 5310, amending section 36a-701b of the general statutes of Connecticut and section 9 of public act 19-196, enters into force on October 1, 2021. Changes are mainly made in data protection law: Any resident of Connecticut whose personal information was breached or is reasonably believed to have been breached shall be notified without unreasonable delay, but not later than sixty days (before: ninety days) after the discovery of the breach. Within the same time the Attorney Ge...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "Data protection measures in US Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/08/revocation-of-executive-order-on-competition/?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the President of the United States revoked Executive Order 14036 of 9 July 2021 on promoting competition in the American economy. The Order affects the federal directives for agencies related to antitrust enforcement, anti-competitive practices, and market fairness. The Order encourages the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to draft rules regarding surveillance and the accumulation of data. Furthermore, the Order also highlighted that the effect of mergers on user privacy is t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Protecting the information of our vulnerable children and youth Act of 2021 (Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Amendment)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4801/text?r=96&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protecting the Information of our Vulnerable Children and Youth Act (Kids PRIVCY Act) (H.R.4801) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-03-01", "title": "Provider liability in EARN IT Act of 2020", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3398/text", "description": "The EARN IT Act of 2020, which aims to remove provider liability immunity regarding content displaying child exploitation in Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, is rejected after failing to pass before the end of the legislative session", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Data breach notification requirement in Texas House Bill 4390", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=HB4390", "description": "Entry into force of Texas House Bill 4390 by governor, which introduces requirements for the reporting of data breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Data breach notification requirement in Illinois Senate Bill 1624", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=108&GA=101&DocTypeId=SB&DocNum=1624&GAID=15&LegID=118713&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Entry into force of Illinois Senate Bill 1624 by governor, which introduces requirements for the reporting of data breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "SAFE DATA Act containing data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2499", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the SAFE DATA Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "California: Genetic Information Privacy Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB41", "description": "The Genetic Information Privacy Act (SB 41) is implemented on 1 January 2022. The act requires companies that provide direct-to-consumer genetic testing to inform consumers about the company’s policies and procedures regarding the collection, use, maintenance, and disclosure of genetic data and to obtain the consumer’s express consent for the use of their genetic data. The law gives consumers the right to revoke their consent in which case companies have to destroy the consumer’s biological s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Cryptocurrency exchange regulation in Sanction and Stop Ransomware Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2666/text?r=52&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Sanction and Stop Ransomware Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-07-20", "title": "US Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Cybersecurity Rules for Critical Pipeline Owners", "url": "https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2021/07/20/dhs-announces-new-cybersecurity-requirements-critical-pipeline", "description": "On 20 July 2021, the US Department of Homeland Security's Transport Security Administration (TSA) announced a second Security Directive with cybersecurity requirements for critical pipeline operators, following the one published on 27 May 2021. Although the directive is not publically available, according to the official press release, it requires the operators to mitigate cybersecurity risks such as ransomware attacks. Pipeline operators are held to establish a cybersecurity contingency and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Protecting Sensitive Personal Data Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3130/all-info?r=9&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protecting Sensitive Personal Data Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Data governance liability in DATA Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5807/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the DATA Privacy Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-11", "title": "South Carolina: Stop Social Media Censorship Act", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=4528", "description": "The Stop Social Media Censorship Act is introduced in the South Carolina House of Representatives (Bill 4528). The Act provides the right of action to social media users when a social media platform deletes, censors or disfavours through algorithmic means one user's religious or speech or political speech. Additionally, the Secretary of State is allowed to fine the social media websites engaging in de-platforming or shadowbanning a political candidate and ask the disclosure of social media al...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission artificial intelligence and algorithmic fairness initiative", "url": "https://www.eeoc.gov/select-issues-assessing-adverse-impact-software-algorithms-and-artificial-intelligence-used", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the United States (US) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Guidelines in assessing adverse impact in software, algorithms, and artificial intelligence used in employment selection procedures. The Guidelines are part of the EEOC artificial intelligence and algorithmic fairness initiative. The Guidelines are addressed to employers and provide information regarding their liability in the context of the use of AI systems for candidates' selection and employment. The EEO...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-16", "title": "Cyber security measures in US Security Guidance for 5G Cloud Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Security_Guidance_For_5G_Cloud_Infrastructures_Part_IV_508_Compliant.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 20, the fourth and final installment of the Security Guidance for 5G Cloud Infrastructures (Ensure Integrity of Cloud Infrastructures= was published by the Enduring Security Framework (ESF) of the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). The guidance focuses on the need to ensure 5G standalone core networks are built in a way that takes account of relevant cybersecurity considerations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-10-12", "title": "FTC Section 18 Rulemaking on Bias in Algorithms", "url": "https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202110&RIN=3084-AB69", "description": "On 10 December 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it was considering new rulemakings under section 18 of the FTC Act, which could include rules to prevent unlawful discrimination from the use of algorithmic decision-making. Section 18 allows the FTC to designate acts as being unfair or deceptive commercial practices.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-03", "title": "Florida: Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 1864/HB9 2022)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2022/9", "description": "On 11 March 2022, the Consumer Data Privacy Act (House Bill 9) is rejected by the Florida Senate after failing to pass before the end of the legislative session. \nThe bill originally required data controllers to set up reasonable security measures and to provide notice in case of the collection of consumers' personal information. Furthermore, data controllers were prohibited from processing certain types of sensitive data (including data gathered from a child). Moreover, the bill allowed cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Platform Accountability and Transparency Act (PATA/S 797)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/797/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Platform Accountability and Transparency Act (PATA) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-17", "title": "Maryland: Online Consumer Protection and Child Safety Act (SB 11)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2022RS/fnotes/bil_0001/sb0011.pdf", "description": "Senate Bill 11 (Online Consumer Protection and Child Safety Act) passed the Maryland Senate on 17 March 2022. The Bill is aimed at creating the Workgroup on Online Consumer Personal Information Privacy to examine current business practices relating to the collection, use, storage, disclosure, analysis, deletion, and modification of online consumers' data. The act also targets personal information collected from children as well as biometric and genetic data. It furthermore requires the Workgr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "The Information Transparency & Personal Data Control Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1816/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Information Transparency & Personal Data Control Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-06", "title": "New York: Digital Fairness Act (Bill A6042)", "url": "https://legiscan.com/NY/text/A06042/id/2324277/New_York-2021-A06042-Introduced.html", "description": "On 10 June 2021 the Digital Fairness Act (Bill A6042) was rejected since it failed to pass before the New York legislature adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-20", "title": "Pennsylvania: Consumer Data Protection Act (H.B. 2257)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2021&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=2257&pn=2617", "description": "On 20 January 2022, the Pennsylvania Consumer Data Protection Act (H.B. 2257) was introduced and referred to the Committee on Consumer Affairs. The Bill introduces the rights to access, rectify, and delete personal data owned by a controller. Moreover, the Bill introduces the right to data portability and to opt-out from a controller's data processing related to targeted advertising, personal data sale or profiling activities having legal effects. Finally, the Bill requires every data control...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "Virginia: Amendment to the Consumer Data Protection Act", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?221+sum+HB381", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Amendment to the Consumer Data Protection Act enters into force after being signed into law by Virginia Governor, Ralph Northam on 2 March 2022. The Act amends the provisions regarding the right to data deletion to enable individuals to have control over their data. In particular, the data controllers will be obliged to delete the data that wasn’t obtained directly from the consumer after they receive a deletion request. Previously, the Act wasn’t requiring the deletion...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-29", "title": "Vermont: Consumer Data Privacy Act (H. 160)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2022/H.160", "description": "On 29 January 2021, an act relating to protecting consumer data privacy (H. 160) was introduced in the Vermont General Assembly. This bill aims to adopt consumer privacy safeguards and provide Vermont citizens with more choice over the amount and type of data collected about them by personal device makers and service providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-04-04", "title": "Georgia: Computer Data Privacy Act (SB 394)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/61417", "description": "The Georgia Computer Data Privacy Act (SB 394) is rejected by the Georgia Senate after failing to pass before the end of the legislative sessions. The Bill was introduced in the Senate on 26 January 2021. The Act originally allowed businesses to collect personal information only after having provided notice and obtained the consumer’s affirmative and explicit consent. To sell data, the companies needed to obtain the consumers' opt-in consent and provide notice including the persons to whom da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "US American Genetic Privacy Act of 2021 (H.R. 5154)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5154", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the American Genetic Privacy Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "US User Data Protection Act (H.R. 4240)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4240", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the User Data Protection Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-01", "title": "Protecting Consumer Information Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/474/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protecting Consumer Information Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Data protection regime in Protecting Personal Health Data Act (S.24)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/24/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protecting Personal Health Data Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "SMART Copyright Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3880", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the SMART Copyright Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-27", "title": "Oklahoma Personal Data Protection Act (HB 3447)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3447&Session=2200", "description": "On 27 May 2022, the Oklahoma Personal Data Protection Act (HB 3447) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act introduced the consumers' right to request access or correction of personal data and established the notice requirements for data controllers. Moreover, the Act detailed the types of data processing that require consent, the forbidden data processing practices and the purposes for which data controllers are authorised to disclose personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-04-20", "title": "Nebraska: Uniform Personal Data Protection Act (LB 1188)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=47317", "description": "On 20 April 2022, the \"Uniform Personal Data Protection Act\" (LB 1188) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act introduced the data subject right to request access or correction of personal data and established notification requirements for data controllers. Moreover, the Act detailed the types of data processing that require consent, forbidden data processing practices and the purposes for which data controllers are authorised to disclose personal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-21", "title": "Presidential statement on Russian cybersecurity threat", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/21/statement-by-president-biden-on-our-nations-cybersecurity/", "description": "On 21 March 2022, the US President released a statement on cybersecurity, warning of potential malicious cyberactivity by Russia as a response to the economic sanctions implemented by the United States because of the Russian invation of Ukraine. The statement announces that the US administration will use every tool to contrast to cyberattacks against critical infrastructure. Moreover, the statement urges the private sector to strengthen cyber defenses by implementing the best practices sugges...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-07", "title": "Colorado: House Bill 21-190 including system security requirements", "url": "http://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2021A/bills/2021a_190_enr.pdf", "description": "The Colorado Privacy Act will go into effect on 1 July 2023 and will apply to organisations that do business with or manufacture products and services for Colorado residents. Additionally, it will apply to companies that control or process the data of 100.000 customers each year or generate money from the sale of personal data and control or process the data of 25.000 customers per year. Among others, it is foreseen that system security standards are implemented in order to mitigate cybersecu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Educating Against Misinformation and Disinformation Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/6971", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Educating Against Misinformation and Disinformation Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "System security requirements in Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?212+sum+HB2307", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) becomes effective after its adoption on 2 March 2021. The bill establishes new requirements for personal data processing and security and applies to entities that produce or advertise their services to the residents of Virginia. Among others, the Act foresees the implementation of system security standards in order to mitigate cybersecurity risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-03", "title": "Washington: Data protection Bill (SB 5813)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5813&Initiative=false&Year=2021", "description": "On 10 March 2022, the Washington Senate Bill 5813 concerning data protection is rejected since it was not adopted before the end of the State's legislative session.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Government Ownership and Oversight of Data in Artificial Intelligence (GOOD AI) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3035/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the GOOD AI Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Healthcare Cybersecurity Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3904/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Healthcare Cybersecurity Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-05", "title": "Hawaii Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 2797)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2797&year=2022", "description": "On 5 May 2022, the Hawaii Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 2797) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-08-06", "title": "Louisiana Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?i=243100", "description": "On 8 June 2022, the Louisiana Consumer Privacy Act was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have applied to businesses operating in Louisiana that have at least USD 25 million in annual revenue, process the personal data of more than 100'000 consumers, or derive over 50% of their total revenue from selling personal data while controlling or processing personal data of at least 25’000 local users. The Bill outlined individual rights including ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-22", "title": "Arizona: HB 2146 amending data security breach notification rules", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/55leg/2R/laws/0081.pdf", "description": "On 22 July 2022, HB 2146, amending state law on data security breach notifications, has been implemented in the State of Arizona. The Bill requires additional notification of the Arizona Department of Homeland Security within 45 days in incidents affecting more than 1000 individuals. Under previous rules, only affected individuals and, in larger cases, consumer reporting agencies and the attorney general needed to be notified.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-13", "title": "Missouri: Biometric Information Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB2716&year=2022&code=R", "description": "On 13 May 2022, the Missouri Biometric Information Privacy Act (HB 2716) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill required companies that have collected biometric data to publish a plan of when and how this information would be deleted.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-13", "title": "California: Workplace Technology Accountability Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1651", "description": "On 13 January 2022, the Workplace Technology Accountability Act (AB-1651), has been introduced in the California Assembly. The Bill would regulate data collection, monitoring, and algorithmic management in the workplace. It would require employers who collect and process worker data to inform workers of the collection and, upon request, to provide additional information about the data it stores. It would also require collected data to be accurate, and would restrict the collection and process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-23", "title": "Content monitoring requirements for social media platforms in Florida Senate Bill 7072", "url": "https://media.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/files/202112355.pdf", "description": "On 23 May 2022, the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit ruled on the unconstitutionality of Senate Bill 7072 after the preliminary injunction by the District Court for the Northern District of Florida. The Court lifted the preliminary injunction on the provisions aimed to introduce transparency requirements for social media platforms. Particularly, the Court allowed the implementation of the platforms' obligations to: disclose the standards that they use for determining how to censor, d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "Kentucky: Insurance Data Security Act", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/22RS/hb474.html", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Insurance Data Security Act (HB 474) enters into force. The Act introduces a data security framework for insurance carriers that requires them to conduct self-evaluations of their risk profile and how to mitigate it. Based on these reports, the insurance carriers need to develop their own in-house security strategy around their data collection and storage, including the training of employees and the creation of a specific response plan for possible cyber-incidents. Fina...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Health and Location Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4408/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Elizabeth+Warren%22%2C%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22Warren%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=2", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Health and Location Data Protection Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Protecting American's Data from Foreign Surveillance Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4495?s=1&r=50", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protecting Americans' Data from Foreign Surveillance Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-08", "title": "Colorado: Law on facial recognition technology (Senate Bill 22-113)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb22-113", "description": "On 10 August 2022, Colorado Senate Bill 113 on facial recognition technologies is implemented. The Bill creates a task force on facial recognition to study issues concerning artificial intelligence and introduces a notification and accountability reporting requirement before the use of facial recognition by government agencies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "PATCH Act including cybersecurity measures", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3983/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the PATCH Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-08-07", "title": "Executive Order on Protecting Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/07/08/executive-order-on-protecting-access-to-reproductive-healthcare-services/", "description": "On 8 July 2022, US President Joe Biden has issued the Executive Order on Protecting Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services, which includes measures relating to the privacy of reproductive healthcare patients. The Order encourages the Chair of the Federal Trade Commission to take actions to protect the privacy of consumers seeking information about and the provision of reproductive healthcare services. Furthermore, the Order requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Attor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-07", "title": "FTC Statement on Enforcement of Sensitive Data Privacy", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/blog/2022/07/location-health-other-sensitive-information-ftc-committed-fully-enforcing-law-against-illegal-use", "description": "On 11 July 2022, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a statement emphasising its commitment to prosecute illegal sale and sharing of highly sensitive customer data, including false claims of anonymisation. The statement outlines that even if data is claimed to be anonymised, data brokers can build individual profiles by combining different data points from various \"anonymised\" data sources. The FTC thus emphasises the importance of data protection, especially regarding sensitive data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-28", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency Position on American Data Privacy and Protection Act", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/index.html#20220728", "description": "On 28 July 2022, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) voted unanimously to oppose the American Data Privacy and Protection Act (ADPPA). According to the CPPA, the ADPPA in its current form would preempt existing state privacy regulations, including California state privacy legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA). As a result, the CPPA finds that the ADPPA would weaken the privacy protection of Californians by substituting a weaker federal framework, undercut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-11", "title": "Amendments to Cybersecurity Requirements for Financial Services Companies", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202311011", "description": "On 1 November 2023, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) implemented the Second Amendments to the cybersecurity obligations for financial services companies (23 NYCRR 500). The Amendments apply to covered entities, including any person operating under or required to operate under a licence, registration, charter, certificate, permit, accreditation, or similar authorisation under the Banking Law, the Insurance Law, or the Financial Services Law. The Amendments include en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-17", "title": "Consultation on Artificial Intelligence export competitiveness by the United States Department of Commerce", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2022-08-16/pdf/2022-17576.pdf", "description": "On 17 October 2022, the consultation by the International Trade Administration of the United States Department of Commerce on Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) measures that could impact exports of AI technology closed. The consultation invited comments on trade barriers in the AI space, challenges in exporting AI products/services, intellectual property protection of AI, and steps to be taken to enable global competitiveness of AI technologies of the United States.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-08-30", "title": "California Platform Accountability and Transparency Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1018", "description": "On 30 August 2022, SB-1018, the Platform Accountability and Transparency Act, was adopted by the California State Legislature after several amendments and went to the Governor for signing. The Bill requires social media platforms with at least 1 million unique monthly users to make public on an annual basis statistics regarding the extent to which content determined as violating the platform's policies was amplified by platform algorithms before and after such determination. Furthermore, the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-20", "title": "Investigation into Morgan Stanley's Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/34-95832.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that it fined Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC for multiple failures to protect the personal data of around 15 million customers over a period starting in 2015. SEC announced the institution of public administrative and cease-and-desist proceedings against the company on the same day. According to the SEC's findings, Morgan Stanley did not properly dispose of devices storing client personal information between 2015 an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-14", "title": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Regulations under CIRCIA", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/09/12/2022-19551/request-for-information-on-the-cyber-incident-reporting-for-critical-infrastructure-act-of-2022", "description": "On 14 November 2022, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) closed its consultation on the regulations required under the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act (CIRCIA). The CISA gathered information regarding the definition of \"covered entity\", the information that should be included in the cyber incidents reports and the security vulnerabilities any entity that has suffered from cyber attacks has to disclose.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-07-29", "title": "Act relative to algorithmic accountability and bias prevention", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/192/H4029", "description": "On 29 July 2021, the Act relative to algorithmic accountability and bias prevention was introduced in the Massachusetts House. The Bill aims to prevent algorithmic bias and distinguishes between high-risk automated decision-making systems and high-risk information systems. In particular, the Bill would require entities to conduct a data protection impact assessment, a study that assesses the extent to which an information system protects the privacy and security of personal data that the syst...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-24", "title": "New York Rules on the Use of Automated Employment Decision Tools", "url": "https://rules.cityofnewyork.us/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DCWP-NOH-AEDTs-1.pdf", "description": "On 24 October 2022, the New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) closed the public consultation on the proposed rules on the Use of Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDTs) to implement new legislation related to the use of automated employment decision tools (Local Law 144 of 2021), which will regulate the use of automated employment decision tools from 1 January 2023. The proposed rules would clarify the minimum requirements for bias audits that are required by t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-05-19", "title": "New York Bill to establish criteria for the sale of automated employment decision tools (A7244A / S6852)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/S6852", "description": "On 19 May 2021, the Bill to establish criteria for the sale of automated employment decision tools and provide a civil penalty for violations of such criteria (A7244A) was introduced to the New York Senate. The Bill seeks to ensure that employers have access to information on the impact of the use of various automated tools, including resume reading systems and automated screening platforms. In particular, the Bill would require developers to conduct a risk assessment to ensure that the algor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-27", "title": "Oklahoma Filter Bubble Transparency Act of 2022 (HB 3010)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3010&Session=2200", "description": "On 27 May 2022, the Oklahoma Filter Bubble Transparency Act of 2022 (HB 3010) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill outlined regulations on the operation of internet platforms, \"algorithmic ranking systems\", and \"opaque algorithms\" that process users' data without consent.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-09-27", "title": "Michigan Personal Data Privacy Act", "url": "http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2021-2022/billintroduced/Senate/pdf/2022-SIB-1182.pdf", "description": "On 27 September 2022, the draft Michigan Personal Data Privacy Act (Senate Bill 1182) was introduced to the Michigan Senate. The Bill would apply to companies holding the data of over 100 000 consumers and to those holding data of more than 25 000 consumers and generating 50% gross revenue from data sales. The Bill would provide consumers with important data subject rights including the right of access, right of rectification, right of deletion, right to opt out of targeted advertising and pe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "Gonzalez v Google on scope of Section 230 of Communications Decency Act", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-1333_6j7a.pdf", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in the appeal case challenging the Ninth Circuit Court decision in the Gonzalez v Google case concerning online platforms' liability for displaying terrorist content under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act and Anti-Terrorism Act. The case involves the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) attacks in Paris, and the plaintiffs alleged that Google is \"directly and secondarily liable\" for the attacks claiming that it \"aided and abette...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-21", "title": "New York Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (2023)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S3281", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the New York Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (S 3281) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature adjourned.The purpose of the Act would have been to prevent the exploitation of data of children under the age of 18 years old. First, the Act would have required data controllers to assess the impact of digital products on children, which would have been submitted to the bureau of internet and technology, which would have determined whether the product could ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Prioritizing National Security in Export Controls Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/9241/text?r=1&mc_cid=2ef1cd2368&mc_eid=a8759596eb", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Prioritizing National Security in Export Controls Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-01-22", "title": "ASEAN Digital Framework Agreements", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ASEAN-Data-Management-Framework.pdf", "description": "On 22 January 2021, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) published the document titled “ASEAN Data Management Framework” (DMF). The DMF provides voluntary and non-binding guidance based on best practices in the area of data management for businesses within the ASEAN members by outlining a step-by-step guide for businesses to implement a data management system. In addition, the DMF outlines the strategic priorities, principles and initiatives to guide ASEAN members in their polic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-28", "title": "ASEAN Digital Policy Frameworks and Guidelines", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/01-ASEAN-Cybersecurity-Cooperation-Paper-2021-2025_final-23-0122.pdf", "description": "On 28 January 2022, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) launched the “ASEAN Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy 2021-2025”. The Strategy builds on the ASEAN Cybersecurity Cooperation Strategy 2017-2020 and seeks to support the establishment of a rules-based multilateral order for cyberspace through the application of voluntary norms. In addition, the Framework sets out the following key priority areas of work, advancing cyber readiness cooperation, strengthening regional cyber p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-12", "title": "US-EU Trade and Technology (TTC) including initiatives on speech rights protection", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/12/05/u-s-eu-joint-statement-of-the-trade-and-technology-council/", "description": "On 5 December 2022, the United States and the European Union, following the third ministerial meeting of the Trade and Technology Council (TTC), released a \"joint Statement on Protecting Human Rights Defenders Online\". Under the joint statement, the parties commit to strengthening cooperation on protecting human rights defenders online, promoting the open, free, global, interoperable, secure, and reliable Internet, combatting online harassment and abuse, eliminating arbitrary and unlawful su...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "US National Defense Authorization Act 2023 including cybersecurity certification for cloud vendors", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "On 23 December 2027, the Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) is implemented, 5 years after its entry into force. The Act was incorporated into the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R.7776). The FedRAMP represents a government program that regulates the cybersecurity certification that cloud service providers are required to obtain to manage US government data. In particular, the Act allows tools certified by FedRAMP to be used in an agency without additional ve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-12-21", "title": "Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7535/text", "description": "On 21 December 2022, the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act was signed into law and became effective on the same day. The Act regulates the migration of executive agencies’ information technology systems to post-quantum cryptography. The Act seeks to mitigate attacks that aim to steal sensitive encrypted data by quantum computers developed in the future. Furthermore, the Act requires the National Institutes of Standards and Technology to issue post-quantum cryptography standards...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-23", "title": "Advancing American AI Act (SB 1353)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/actions", "description": "On 23 December 2023, the Advancing American AI Act, including provisions on public procurement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), was implemented. The Act was incorporated into the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (H.R.7776). In particular, under the Act, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, no later than 180 days after the entry into force of the Act, was required to adopt policies and outline procedures regarding the acquisition and use of AI and issue g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-04", "title": "Biometric Data Privacy Act (HB 33 / SB 169)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2023RS/bills/sb/sb0169F.pdf", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Maryland Biometric Data Privacy Act (SB 169), the companion Bill of HB 33, was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. In particular, the Act would have regulated private entities' use of biometric data and required them to develop a written policy establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for the permanent destruction of biometric data. The Act would have also prohibited private entities from selling, leasing, or trading any indiv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-31", "title": "Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 2080)", "url": "http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2023/pdf/history/SB/SB2080.xml", "description": "On 31 January 2023, the Consumer Data Privacy Act died in the Senate Committee of Mississippi (SB 2080). The Act would have applied to entities that collect the personal information of consumers, operate in Mississippi, have annual gross revenues of at least USD 10 million, and commercially handle the personal information of 50'000 consumers or more while deriving a minimum of 50% of its annual revenue from the sale of such data. The Act would have granted consumers, among others, the right t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-06", "title": "New York Privacy Act (SB 365)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S365/amendment/B", "description": "On 3 June 2024, the New York Privacy Act (SB 365) passed in the Senate. The Act aims to establish consumer data rights. It requires companies to disclose methods of anonymisation and inform consumers of all entities with whom their information was shared. The Act would apply to companies that conduct business in New York or offer their products or services to residents of New York State that meet one or more thresholds. In particular, the entities that have annual gross revenue of at least US...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-17", "title": "New York: Biometric Privacy Act (A1362)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A1362", "description": "On 17 January 2023, the Biometric Privacy Act (Assembly Bill A1362) was introduced in the New York Senate. The Act would require all private entities in possession of biometric identifiers or biometric information to implement a written policy establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying such information. Further, prior to collection of biometric information, the private entity would be required to inform the subject in writing of purpose and length of the collection and ob...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-01", "title": "Data protection regulation in Digital Fairness Act (S 2277)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S2277", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Digital Fairness Act (S2277) was reintroduced into the New York State Senate. The Act aims to regulate the handling of personal information in the digital age and promote fair practices. Specifically, entities that store and process personal data of more than 500 individuals would be required to issue a public notice regarding the purpose of collection and processing. The entities would be required to obtain explicit consent from individuals before collecting, transmitt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-26", "title": "NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/02/nist-releases-version-20-landmark-cybersecurity-framework", "description": "On 26 February 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued the updated version of its Cybersecurity Framework (CSF 2.0). The updated framework aims to assist organisations of all sizes and sectors in managing and reducing cybersecurity risks. CSF 2.0 expands on the core guidance of the previous version and introduces new resources to aid in the implementation of the framework. It comprises three components: core, profiles, and tiers. The CSF core is structured into ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "Bill Relating to Consumer Data Protection (SB 974)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2023/bills/SB974_.HTM", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Hawaii Senate Bill Relating to Consumer Data Protection (SB 974) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would amend the Hawaii Revised Statutes. It would not apply to government entities, non-profit organisations and institutions of higher education. The Bill would establish data rights for consumers, stating that they may invoke their rights at any time by requesting the data controller, who must comply with the request within...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-20", "title": "Act establishing the Massachusetts Information Privacy and Security Act (SB 1971 / HD 3263)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD1971", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Act establishing the Massachusetts Information Privacy and Security Act (SD 1971) was introduced in the senate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Act would apply to data controllers or processors who carry out their activities in the territory of Massachusetts or to those who process personal information (controllers or processors) who are not physically located in the territory of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts or carrying out data processing activities rela...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-20", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Act establishing an internet Bill of rights (HD 3245)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD3245", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Act establishing an internet Bill of rights (HD 3245), including data transfer regulations, was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Under the Act, the cross-border transfer of data would be allowed to jurisdictions that provide an adequate level of protection. The Attorney General would have the authority to assess the level of protection and data security the foreign jurisdictions provide, and it would be required to review...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-05", "title": "Vermont: Genetic Information Privacy Act (S. 49)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/S.49", "description": "On 12 May 2023, the Vermont Genetic Information Privacy Act was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act outlined specific duties for genetic testing companies, including: (i) safeguarding the privacy, confidentiality, security, and integrity of consumers’ genetic data; (ii) obtaining consumers’ consent for collection, use, or disclosure of data; (iii) providing a high-level privacy policy overview; (iv) implementing a comprehensive security program to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-30", "title": "Content moderation requirements in See Something, Say Something Online Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/01/30/2023/manchin-cornyn-reintroduce-bill-to-require-companies-report-illicit-online-drug-sales", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the \"See Something, Say Something Online Act\" was reintroduced in the US Congress. The Act aims to amend Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, wich provides a liability shield for online platforms, to require companies to report illegal activity on their online platforms. In particular, the Act requires companies to report suspicious activity to law enforcement and to take reasonable steps to prevent or address unlawful activity. The reporting would be required fo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "Bill relating to Consumer Data Privacy (HB 1367)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?view=chrono&f=HF1367&y=2023&ssn=0&b=house#actions", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the Minnesota Bill relating to consumer data privacy (HB 1367) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill outlined rights for consumers to access the data businesses have collected about them and the option for deletion upon request.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-05", "title": "Automated Decision System Rights in Social Media Regulation", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/bills/404.htm", "description": "On 11 May 2022, the South Carolina Automated Decision System Rights in Social Media Bill (S 404) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill states that any website, platform, application or service may not use any \"automated decision system\" to display content to minors. The platforms and website operators will be required to verify the user's age using a third-party verification service to ensure that the user is above 18 years old. The entities wil...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-30", "title": "My Health My Data Act", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1155&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 30 June 2024, the My Health My Data Act (HB 1155) is implemented in the US state of Washington for small businesses, meaning that it now applies equally to all its regulated entities. The Act requires entities collecting health data, including biometric, abortion, and mental data, to specify the purpose of collection and the sources from which the data is being collected. Additionally, regulated entities have to provide a list of businesses with which they share the data, including a point...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-27", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency rulemaking on cybersecurity regulation", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/pdf/invitation_for_comments_pr_02-2023.pdf", "description": "On 27 March 2023, the public consultation closes on the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) proposed Rulemaking on Cybersecurity Audits, and Risk Assessments. In its consultation, the CPPA gathered stakeholders' views on the obligation to conduct cybersecurity audits foreseen by the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), which will be implemented by the CPPA in accordance with the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (CPRA). In particular, the CPPA sought input on the scope...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-27", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency Rulemaking on Automated Decision Making", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/pdf/invitation_for_comments_pr_02-2023.pdf", "description": "On 27 March 2023, the public consultation closed on the California Privacy Protection Agency's (CPPA) Proposed Rulemaking on Automated Decision Making. The CPPA gathered stakeholders' views on the performance of regular personal information processing risk assessments, as well as on the governance of automated decision-making technologies. Concerning automated decision-making technologies, the Agency collected information regarding the requirements and definitions in other applicable laws bu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-02", "title": "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Strategic Enforcement Plan 2023-2027", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/10/2023-00283/draft-strategic-enforcement-plan", "description": "On 9 February 2023, the public consultation closed on the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) of the United States Draft Strategic Enforcement Plan (SEP) for 2023-2027. The SEP emphasised that it plans to focus on how employers use Artificial Intelligence (AI) in functions such as advertisement targeting, applicant recruiting and making hiring decisions. In particular, the EEOC highlights the relevance of avoiding any hiring practices and policies that discriminate against workers ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-13", "title": "Data protection requirements in Clean Slate for Kids Online Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/volume-169/issue-29/senate-section/article/S353-1?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Durbin%22%2C%22Clean+Slate+for+Kids+Online+Act%22%2C%22Clean+Slate+for+Kids+Online+Act%22%5D%7D&s=8&r=1", "description": "On 13 February 2023, the Clean Slate for Kids Online Act (SB 395) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act aims to protect minors, specifically children under the age of 13. The Act would amend the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA) to allow every citizen to request the deletion of any data that was collected on them when they were younger than 13 years old, regardless of whether the parents consented to the data collection at the time. The Act would also give...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-15", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Inventorship", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/02/14/2023-03066/request-for-comments-regarding-artificial-intelligence-and-inventorship", "description": "On 15 May 2023, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) closed its Artificial Intelligence and Inventorship consultation. The USPTO gathered information regarding AI involvement in the creation process and the distinctive characteristics that differentiate it from other technological tools. Furthermore, the USPTO requested information from stakeholders on the specific issues involving patent law, including whether inventions are patentable when AI is applied and whether that cha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-02", "title": "Stop Discrimination by Algorithms Act of 2023 (B25-0114)", "url": "https://lims.dccouncil.gov/Legislation/B25-0114", "description": "On 2 February 2023, the Stop Discrimination by Algorithms Act of 2023 (B25-0114) was introduced in the Council of the District of Columbia. The Act aims to prohibit the discriminatory use of algorithmic eligibility in regard to education, housing or employment. Companies are required to inform individuals about the use of their personal information, information that is generally protected under the D.C. Human Rights Act. Covered by the Act are not only companies which use AI tools but also th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-12", "title": "New Jersey Bill on Automated Employment Decision Tools (A4909 / S1926)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A4909", "description": "On 5 December 2022, a bill concerning automated employment decision tools (A4909) was introduced to the New Jersey General Assembly. The Bill contains several compliance duties regarding the disclosure, audit and use of automated employment tools. Companies that use automated employment tools would be responsible for disclosing to their applicants how the software is used in the application process. Violations would be punished with civil penalties of a maximum of USD 500 for first-time viola...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-03", "title": "2023 Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/02/07/2023-02578/request-for-information-on-the-2023-federal-cybersecurity-research-and-development-strategic-plan", "description": "On 3 March 2023, the US Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) National Coordination Office (NCO) and National Science Foundation (NSF) closed the public consultation on the 2023 Federal Cybersecurity Research and Development Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan guides federal funding and the development of cybersecurity. The consultation is part of the update of the Strategic Plan every four years mandated by the 2014 Cybersecurity Enhancement Act. Areas for fee...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-27", "title": "Amendment to Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (House Bill 3199)", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?GA=103&SessionID=112&DocTypeID=HB&DocNum=3199", "description": "On 27 May 2023, the amendment to Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (House Bill 3199) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-31", "title": "Nevada Gaming Commission Cybersecurity regulations", "url": "https://gaming.nv.gov/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=19295", "description": "On 31 December 2023, Section 5 of Nevada Gaming Commission (NGC) Regulations to create cybersecurity requirements for certain gaming operators entered into force. In particular, the Gaming operators are required to conduct an initial risk assessment, continuously monitor risks and implement cybersecurity best practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-27", "title": "Illinois Data Privacy and Protection Act (HB 3385)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3385&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 27 May 2023, the Illinois Data Privacy and Protection Act was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "Act Relating to Biometric Information Privacy (SB 1085)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=1085&year=2023", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Hawaii Act Relating to Biometric Information Privacy was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. Under the Bill, covered companies would be required to maintain a privacy policy that is publicly available and must implement security measures to safeguard biometric data. Furthermore, companies would need to inform and obtain consent before collecting biometric data and after obtaining it, in no way make a profit from the biometric data. Final...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-03", "title": "Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 3453)", "url": "http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=3453&year=2023&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 11 March 2023, the West Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 3453) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session adjourned. Covered by the Act would have been any business that either would have had global gross revenues of more than USD 25 million, commercially would have handled the data of more than 50,000 consumers, or would have derived over 50% of its global annual revenues from the sale or sharing of personal consumer information. The Act would have created ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-14", "title": "Consumer Data Protection Bill (SB 358)", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2022/bills/senate/358#document-94d6d82c", "description": "On 14 March 2022, the Consumer Data Protection Bill (SB 358) was rejected after failing to pass the Indiana House of Representatives before the end of the legislative session. The Bill would apply to entities conducting their business in Indiana or producing services or products for residents of Indiana. Covered entities would have to fulfil one of the following thresholds - either handle the personal data of a minimum of 100'000 consumers or handle the data of a minimum of 25'000 consumers w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-28", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Consumer Data Protection Bill (HB 1554)", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2023/bills/house/1554#document-7b76bc15", "description": "On 28 April 2023, the Indiana Consumer Data Protection Bill (HB 1554) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have introduced a new article in the Indiana Code concerning consumer data protection, which would have applied to private, for-profit entities controlling or processing the personal data of at least 100'000 consumers, or at least 25'000 consumers in case the entity derives more than 50% of its revenue from the sale of their data (un...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-04", "title": "Online and Biometric Data Privacy Act (SB 0698 / HB 0807)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0698?ys=2023RS", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Maryland Online and Biometric Data Privacy Act (SB 0698) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have applied to entities either conducting their business in Maryland or producing services or products for residents of Maryland. Under the Bill, consumers would have been granted the right to deletion and correction of their personal data, as well as the right to opt out of the processing of their personal data for targete...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-30", "title": "Act regulating Automated decision tools (AB 331)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB331&search_keywords=artificial+intelligence", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the Act regulating Automated decision tools (ADTs) (AB 331) was introduced in the California Legislature. The Act aims to prohibit algorithmic discrimination by an ADT. It would require deployers and developers of such tools to perform annual impact assessments, submit these assessments to the state's Civil Rights Department, implement governance programs and safeguards to prevent foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination, and publish policies regarding the tools. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "Bills for an Act Relating to Consumer Data Protection (SB 1110 / HB 1497)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1497&year=2023", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Hawaii Bill for an Act Relating to Consumer Data Protection (HB 1497) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. HB 1497 is the companion bill of SB 1110, introduced in the Hawaii Senate on 20 January 2023. The Act would apply to entities that either conduct their business in Hawaii or produce services or goods for residents of Hawaii while also fulfilling one of the following two thresholds - either control the data of a minimum of 100'000...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Bills Relating to Consumer Data Privacy (A 1971 / S 332)", "url": "https://nj.gov/governor/news/news/562024/approved/20240116k.shtml", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the \"Act concerning commercial Internet websites, consumers, and personally identifiable information and supplementing Title 56 of the Revised Statutes” (S332/A1971) was implemented one year after its enactment. The Bill establishes a number of user rights, including giving consumers the right to opt out of the collection of their personal data, as well as the right to edit their data. Operators of online services will be required to inform consumers about the necessary pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-18", "title": "Age Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 319)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=S&legtype=B&legno=319&year=23", "description": "On 18 March 2023, the Age Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 319) was rejected after failing to pass before the New Mexico legislature session adjourned. The Act would have applied to entities that provide online services or products directed towards children. Before such entities could have offered their services or products, they would have been required to complete a data protection impact assessment to examine the harm of the product or service to children. Covered entities would have been p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-22", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Health Data Privacy Act (S00158)", "url": "https://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S00158&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 22 January 2024, the Health Data Privacy Act (S00158) was passed by the New York State Senate. The Act would apply to entities, including data brokers, that offer digital health products or services. Covered entities would be required to implement security procedures on an administrative, physical and technical level that reasonably protect consumers' personal health information. The reasonability standard depends on the type and purpose of the personal health information. The Act provides...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-02", "title": "Mississippi: Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 2330)", "url": "http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2022/pdf/history/SB/SB2330.xml", "description": "On 1 February 2022, the Consumer Data Privacy Act (SB 2330) was rejected after failing to pass the Mississippi Legislature before the end of the legislative session. Under the Act, businesses collecting consumer information would be required to inform consumers about the type and origin of collected personal information, the purpose behind the sale and collection of personal data and finally, the third party’s personal information is shared. In addition, consumers would have the right to dele...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-24", "title": "Data Privacy Act of 2023 (HR 1165)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1165/text", "description": "On 24 February 2023, the Data Privacy Act of 2023 (HR 1165) was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act would prohibit financial institutions from using, collecting, or sharing with third parties nonpublic personal information without the consent of an individual, subject to a number of exceptions. The Act would also require financial institutions to disclose, on request by consumers, the purposes of collection of nonpublic information and a description of the information colle...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "United States National Cybersecurity Strategy 2023", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ONCD-Reg-Harm-RFI-Final-July-19.2023.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2023, the Office of the National Cyber Director (ONCD) closed its consultation concerning cybersecurity regulatory harmonisation. The consultation aims to examine regulatory overlap and inconsistency in order to explore opportunities to harmonise baseline cybersecurity requirements for critical infrastructure and establish a framework of reciprocal recognition by regulators. This initiative advances the National Cybersecurity Strategy Implementation Plan.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-27", "title": "FTC Advice on Artificial Intelligence Claims", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/blog/2023/02/keep-your-ai-claims-check", "description": "On 27 February 2023, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published a guidance for advertisers to monitor their claims on the abilities and benefits of artificial intelligence (AI)\non new tools and devices. The FTC clarifies that claims regarding AI performance could be deceptive if they lack scientific support or if they apply only to certain types of users or under certain conditions. The FTC also advises advertisers to avoid promoting that an AI product does something better than a non-AI...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-03", "title": "United States: UPHOLD Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/631", "description": "On 3 March 2023, US Senators Amy Klobuchar, Elizabeth Warren, and Mazie Hirono introduced the “Upholding Protections for Health and Online Location Data (UPHOLD) Privacy Act” (S.631) in the Senate, aiming to expand the protection of personal health data privacy. The Act would prohibit the use of personally identifiable health data for commercial advertising. The Act would also introduce additional restrictions on companies’ collection and sharing of personal health data without an individual ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-09", "title": "Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/07/2003071834/-1/-1/0/CSA_CNSA_2.0_ALGORITHMS_.PDF", "description": "On 1 September 2022, the US National Security Agency (NSA) adopted the Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0 (CNSA Suite 2.0), a recommendation for owners and operators of National Security Systems (NSS) and suppliers of NSS's future QR algorithm requirements. CNSA Suite 2.0 applies to all NSS uses of common cryptographic algorithms. According to the announcement, software and hardware providing encryption algorithms must not only meet CNSA requirements but must also be verified b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-15", "title": "Data Protection Framework for Private Sector", "url": "https://www.aiti.gov.bn/regulatory/pdp/public-consultation-paper-on-personal-data-protection-for-the-private-sector-in-brunei-darussalam/", "description": "On 15 June 2021, the Authority for Info-communications Technology Industry (AITI) of Brunei Darussalam closed its consultation on the Data Protection Framework for the Private Sector. The law applies to the private sector and introduces personal data rights for individuals such as the right to access and correct personal data and the right to data portability. Moreover, the law contains the legal bases for data processing and obligations for data processors in terms of accountability and accu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-03", "title": "Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Cybersecurity Rules for Airports and Aircraft Operators", "url": "https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2023/03/07/tsa-issues-new-cybersecurity-requirements-airport-and-aircraft", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) issued a new cybersecurity amendment on an emergency basis to the security programs of some TSA-regulated airport and aircraft operators as part of the US Department of Homeland Security’s campaign to improve the cybersecurity of US critical infrastructure. The new emergency amendment requires affected entities to develop approved cybersecurity implementation plans and improve existing measures by, for example, developing netwo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-03", "title": "Data Care Act of 2023 (S 744)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/744/text", "description": "On 9 March 2023, the “Bill to establish duties for online service providers with respect to end user data that such providers collect and use” (Data Care Act of 2023) was introduced in the US Senate. The Bill would establish a number of duties of \"online service providers\", defined as entities conducting business through the internet which collect identifiable information about users, towards their users. The Bill would establish a duty of care for online service providers to take reasonable ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-23", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Utah Social Media Regulation Act (SB 152)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0152.html", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Social Media Regulation Act (SB 152), including content moderation regulation, was signed into law by the Governor of Utah. In particular, the Act would require social media companies for accounts held by residents under the age of 18 to prohibit direct messaging with certain accounts, not show a minor's account in search results, display advertising, target or suggest groups, products, posts, services or users. The requirements to moderate the content recommended to min...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-17", "title": "ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act including ban of TikTok, Bytedance and its subsidiaries (HR 1081/118. Congress)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1081/text", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act (ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act HR 1081) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The Act would give the President the power to restrict access and prohibit commercial operations in the US of a company that is domiciled, headquarters or subject to the laws of a “country of concern”, including the Peopl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-22", "title": "United States: DISCOURSE Act (SB 921)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/921/text", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the “Disincentivizing Internet Service Censorship of Online Users and Restrictions on Speech and Expression Act\" (DISCOURSE Act, SB 921) was introduced in the US Senate. The bill aims to amend Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934. It contains a series of substantive provisions aimed at reducing the protections for platforms that exert influence on the content they host. The Act would expand the existing category of “information content provider”, which is deemed res...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-06", "title": "United States Artificial Intelligence Accountability Policy", "url": "https://ntia.gov/issues/artificial-intelligence/request-for-comments", "description": "On 10 June 2023, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the Department of Commerce closed its consultation on artificial intelligence (AI) systems accountability policy. In particular, the NTIA requested input on the policies that should shape the development of AI audits, assessments, certifications and other mechanisms to create earned trust in AI systems. The consultation included topics such as what kinds of trust and safety testing should AI development compani...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "Eliminating Abusive and Rampant Neglect of Interactive Technologies Act of 2023 (EARN IT Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2732?s=2&r=1", "description": "On 3 January 2025, the 188th Congress concluded without the passage of the Eliminating Abusive and Rampant Neglect of Interactive Technologies (EARN IT) Act of 2023, introduced as H.R. 2732 in the House and S. 1207 in the Senate. Although S. 1207 was reported out of the Senate Judiciary Committee and placed on the legislative calendar, and H.R. 2732 advanced to subcommittee referral in the House, neither bill proceeded to a floor vote. As no further legislative action was taken before the ses...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-18", "title": "Act on Biometric Identifiers (LD 1075)", "url": "http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?ld=1705&PID=1456&snum=131", "description": "On 18 April 2023, \"An Act to Give Consumers Control over Sensitive Personal Data by Requiring Consumer Consent Prior to Collection of Data\" (LD 1075) was introduced to the Maine House of Representatives. The Act would require entities to obtain prior consent from the user to collect biometric data and ensure that the data is disclosed upon request of the individual. In addition, data controllers would be required to develop and make available to the public a written policy that establishes a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements for medical devices", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/166614/download", "description": "On 29 March 2023, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a guidance to clarify provisions of Section 524b of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Companies manufacturing cyber devices should meet specific cybersecurity requirements when applying for premarket submissions. The companies should create a way to assess the device's vulnerabilities after it is sold on the market. There should be a set plan to reach and maintain a secure network and device. Additionally, any meas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-04", "title": "FCC guidelines on protecting personal data on mobile phones", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/protecting-your-personal-data", "description": "On 11 April 2023, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a guideline for mobile phone users on how to better protect their personal data from data breaches. Specifically, the guideline provides advice on setting passwords and using public WiFi and Bluetooth.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-05", "title": "Kids Online Safety Act 2023 (KOSA/S 1409)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1409", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the \"bill to protect the safety of children on the internet\", Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA/S 1409), was introduced in the US Senate. The Bill reintroduces the provisions outlined in a previous bill (S.3663) that failed to pass before the 117th Congress, which adjourned on 3 January 2023. If adopted, the Bill requires every internet platform to mitigate the risks of harm posed to minors by the materials on the platform. Therefore, platforms must provide settings to limit the abi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "White House Action Plan to Promote Responsible Artificial Intelligence Innovation", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/04/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-actions-to-promote-responsible-ai-innovation-that-protects-americans-rights-and-safety/", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the White House announced the Action Plan to Promote Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) Innovation as part of the Biden Administration's approach to develop a comprehensive framework of AI risks and opportunities. In particular, the action plan includes the launch of seven new National AI Research Institutes with USD 140 million in funding by the National Science Foundation, commitment to public evaluations of existing AI systems by AI developers, and the release of draft...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-05", "title": "Ordinance regulating the use of facial recognition technology (City Council Bill 23-0379)", "url": "https://baltimore.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6191841&GUID=6FD4914A-DB4C-4BE0-ADF7-F03655FA7AAD&Options=&Search=", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the Ordinance regulating the use of facial recognition technology (City Council Bill 23-0379)was introduced to the Baltimore City Council. The Bill would apply to all persons processing, storing, or using facial recognition data. The Bill would require the data to be destroyed after three years of collection and prohibits its selling, leasing or trading. Furthermore, facial recognition data may not be collected, used or disclosed unless the individual consents. Finally, the per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-30", "title": "NIST Trustworthy & Responsible Artificial Intelligence Resource Center (AIRC)", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/Home", "description": "On 30 March 2023, the National Institute of Standards and Technology launched its Artificial Intelligence Resource Center (AIRC). The AIRC provides guidance to businesses of all sectors on using AI responsibly. The AIRC includes NIST's AI Risk Management Framework (RMF) 1.0, which outlines principles and practices for managing the risks associated with AI systems throughout their life cycle. Further, the AIRC will also provide a playbook to assist with implementing the RMF and AI solutions, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-05", "title": "Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3106", "description": "On 5 May 2023, the Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act (HR.3106) was introduced to the House Floor. The aim of the Act is to protect privacy online and regulate AI-generated digitally manipulated intimate content, also known as deepfakes. Specifically, the Act would make the non-consensual creation and sharing of deepfakes online into a criminal offense. Further, the Act would clarify that consent to image creation does not equal consent to sharing. The Act would also establish privat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-06-23", "title": "Consumer Safety Technology Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3723?s=8&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Consumer+Safety+Technology+Act%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 23 June 2021, the House of Representatives passed the Consumer Safety Technology Act. This bill would mandate various agencies to explore the use of emerging technologies such as AI and blockchain to enhance consumer product safety and combat fraudulent practices. The Consumer Product Safety Commission would be required to use artificial intelligence in a pilot program to track injury trends, identify hazards, monitor the sale of recalled products, and detect consumer products that do not ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act (HB 154)", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=140388", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Delaware Personal Data Privacy Act was implemented. The Act aims to safeguard consumer data rights by providing Delaware residents with several data subject rights, including the ability to view, correct, or request deletion of their personal data held by businesses, as well as to opt out of targeted advertising and profiling. The Act also creates several obligations for data controllers, such as obtaining consent before processing sensitive data and prohibiting profili...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-17", "title": "Social Media Accountability Act of 2023 (H 2635)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2635/text", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the Social Media Accountability Act of 2023 (H 2635) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. In particular, the Act would amend Section 230 of the Communications Act to limit the protections from liability granted to platforms displaying user-generated content. The Act aims to limit the platform's ability to censor content and de-platform users that have not violated the terms of use.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "My Body, My Data Act of 2023 (H 3420)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3420", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the My Body, My Data Act of 2023 (H 3420) was introduced in the United States House of Representatives. The Act reintroduced the provisions outlined in Bill S 4434, which failed to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned on 3 January 2023. The Act aims to regulate the collection of health data following the overturn the Roe v. Wade. In particular, the Act would require covered entities, including applications, platforms and search engines, to specify the type of data they col...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "Data protection regulation in Maine Consumer Privacy Act (SP 807/LD 1973)", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/dockets.asp?ID=280089650", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the Maine Consumer Privacy Act (SP 807/LD 1973), including data protection regulation, was introduced in the Senate of Maine. The Act would regulate entities collecting or processing the personal data of more than 100’000 consumers, excluding data processed solely for payment transactions, or collecting or processing personal data of more than 25'000 consumers and deriving more than 25% of its gross revenue from the sale of personal data. The Act would establish the consumer'...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-07", "title": "Request for information on benefits and risks of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/OSTP-Request-for-Information-National-Priorities-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "On 7 July 2023, the public consultation closes on the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) National Artificial Intelligence Strategy. The stakeholders were invited to submit information regarding standards and regulations that should be adopted to ensure the protection of individuals' rights and safety and the principle that should be followed in the development, deployment and use of AI systems. Furthermore, the OSTP gathered information on how AI could advance equity, improve civi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-26", "title": "2023 Department of Defense Cyber Strategy", "url": "https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3408707/dod-transmits-2023-cyber-strategy/", "description": "On 26 May 2023, the Department of Defense (DoD) transmitted the 2023 DoD Cyber Strategy to the US Congress and published a Fact Sheet. The strategy aligns with the 2022 National Security Strategy and the 2022 National Defense Strategy, while also complementing the 2023 National Cybersecurity Strategy and replacing the 2018 DoD Cyber Strategy. To effectively address both existing and emerging cyber threats, the Department will undertake four interconnected lines of effort. These efforts includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "Data protection regulation in Data Privacy and Protection Act (LD 1977/HP 1270)", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?LD=1977&snum=131", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Data Privacy and Protection Act (LD 1977/HP 1270) was passed. The Act prohibits a covered entity from collecting, processing or transferring data unless the collection, processing or transfer is limited to what is reasonably necessary and proportionate to provide or maintain a specific product or service requested by the individual to whom the data pertains. Entities would also be required to make a privacy policy that provides a detailed and accurate representation of t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "Business registration requirement in Data Privacy and Protection Act (LD 1977/HP 1270)", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?LD=1977&snum=131", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Data Privacy and Protection Act (LD 1977/HP 1270) was passed. The Act contains requirements for businesses that act as data brokers, requiring them to register with the Attorney General and provide detailed information on contact information. The data brokers will be listed on the publicly available Attorney General registry. In case of non-compliance, data brokers face a fine.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "title": "Genomics Expenditures and National Security Enhancement Act of 2023 (S 1827)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1827/actions?s=1&r=10", "description": "On 6 June 2023, the Genomics Expenditures and National Security Enhancement Act (S 1827) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act would amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 and introduce requirements for mandatory filing for transactions with foreign entities that involve genetic data. The Act would require entities to clarify whether a foreign entity would access and store data on genetic tests and genetic sequencing data of US citizens.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "title": "Chatbots in Consumer Financial Services Report", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/chatbots-in-consumer-finance/chatbots-in-consumer-finance/", "description": "On 6 June 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) published a report on artificial intelligence chatbots in consumer financial services aiming to explain how chatbot technologies are being used by financial institutions and the associated challenges endured by their customers. According to the CFPB, financial institutions have expansively adopted the use of chatbots for consumer assistance. In the report, the CFBP outlines several challenges faced by consumers in their use of ch...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-14", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Protecting Americans' Data From Foreign Surveillance Act of 2023 (S 1974)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1974/all-actions", "description": "On 14 June 2023, the Protecting Americans' Data From Foreign Surveillance Act of 2023 (S 1974) was introduced in the United States. The Act aims to impose restrictions and export controls on the transfers of personal data to foreign countries to prevent foreign surveillance and protect national security. In particular, the Act would require the Secretary of Commerce to adopt a list of categories of data that could endanger national security if exported. Furthermore, under the Act, the Secreta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-09", "title": "FTC investigation into 1Health over alleged failure to implement data security measures and unfair data policy change", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/09/ftc-finalizes-order-1healthio-over-charges-it-failed-protect-privacy-security-dna-data-unfairly", "description": "On 7 September 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a finalised order settling charges against 1Health, previously Vitagene, over failure to implement data security measures and unfair data policy change. In particular, the FTC alleged that 1Health, a genetic testing provider, failed to implement security measures to safeguard the genetic and health data it stored, misled consumers about their ability to request and have their data deleted, and changed its data privacy policy witho...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-20", "title": "Bill to establish an artificial intelligence commission (National AI Commission Act/ HR 4223)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4223/text", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the Bill to establish an artificial intelligence commission (National AI Commission Act/ HR 4223) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The Commission would be required to study and issue recommendations on possible modifications to government frameworks or the establishment of new entities, alongside developing a risk-focused framework specifically for artificial intelligence. The Commission will consist of representatives from civil society, g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-07", "title": "International Data Privacy Framework Program", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/06/08/2023-12199/agency-information-collection-activities-submission-to-the-office-of-management-and-budget-omb-for", "description": "On 8 July 2023, the Department of Commerce (DOC) closed the public consultation on Self-Certifications under the Data Privacy Framework Program. The initiative has been developed in collaboration with European Union (EU), United Kingdom (UK), and Swiss officials. Data Privacy Framework Program was created to provide organisations with a mechanism for personal data transfers to the United States from the EU, UK, and Switzerland while ensuring data protection is consistent with each jurisdictio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-22", "title": "Federal Data Center Enhancement Act of 2023 (S 933)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/933", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the Federal Data Center Enhancement Act (S 933) was introduced into the US Senate. The Act would require the General Services Administration to establish minimum standards for the creation of new data centres. The minimum requirements relate to the availability and use of new data centres, safeguards for information security, protection against power outages, physical intrusions, and natural disasters, and the use of sustainable energy sources.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-14", "title": "California Attorney General investigation into employers' compliance with CPPA", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-seeks-information-california-employers-compliance", "description": "On 14 July 2023, California Attorney General Rob Bonta announced an investigative sweep of large California employers' compliance with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) regarding the personal information of employees and job applicants. The CCPA, which took effect on 1 January 2023, requires businesses to adhere to strict privacy protections for employee information. The Attorney General informed it had sent inquiry letters to employers to assess their compliance with the CPPA.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "FTC Guidance on AI deception", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/blog/2023/03/chatbots-deepfakes-voice-clones-ai-deception-sale", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released guidance on AI deception, cautioning developers and providers of synthetic media or generative AI products to be mindful of potential misuse for fraud or harm from the outset. The FTC emphasises the importance of taking reasonable precautions before introducing such products to the market. It also advises against relying solely on post-release detection and warns advertisers against misleading consumers through doppelgängers, inclu...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-17", "title": "Data protection regulation in Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act of 2023 (HR 4639)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4639/text/rh", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act was passed by the US House of Representatives. The Act aims to prevent the federal government from bypassing the Fourth Amendment's right to privacy to buy or acquire the data of American citizens from large technological companies. In particular, the Act would require government agencies to obtain a court order to require data brokers and technological and phone companies to disclose data. The Act would also prevent law enforcement a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-27", "title": "Data Protection Authority Governance in Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/warren-graham-unveil-bipartisan-bill-to-rein-in-big-tech", "description": "On 27 July 2023, the Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023 was announced by US Senators Elizabeth Warren and Lindsey Graham. The Act aims to regulate online platforms, including dominant digital platforms. In particular, the Act would create a new Digital Consumer Protection Commission regulating online platforms that would be responsible for overseeing and enforcing the Act including the provisions on data protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-27", "title": "Ownership Rule in Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/warren-graham-unveil-bipartisan-bill-to-rein-in-big-tech", "description": "On 27 July 2023, the Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023 was announced by US Senators Elizabeth Warren and Lindsey Graham. The Act aims to regulate online platforms, including dominant digital platforms. In particular, for the purpose of protecting national security, the Act requires operators of dominant digital platforms to be owned by US citizens or have a US subsidiary with less than half of noncitizen directors. No director of a subsidiary corporation may be a citizen of a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-27", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/warren-graham-unveil-bipartisan-bill-to-rein-in-big-tech", "description": "On 27 July 2023, the Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023 was announced by US Senators Elizabeth Warren and Lindsey Graham. The Act aims to regulate online platforms, including dominant digital platforms. The Act would require dominant digital platforms to disclose the criteria the operator employs in content moderation practices in their terms of services. The Act also requires the dominant platform to provide the user with a notice when it restricts access, blocks or deletes c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-08", "title": "Massachusetts investigation into the use of artificial intelligence in securities industry", "url": "https://www.sec.state.ma.us/divisions/news/left-story.htm", "description": "On 2 August 2023, William F. Galvin, the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, instructed the Securities Division to investigate how securities firms are using artificial intelligence (AI) in their interactions with investors in Massachusetts. The Securities Division has sent inquiry letters to both registered and unregistered firms known for using or developing AI in the securities industry. The letters request details about how these entities employ AI in their business and activi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-08", "title": "Registration Requirements in Executive Order Addressing US Investments in Certain National Security Technologies and Products in Countries of Concern (Executive Order 14105)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/08/09/president-biden-signs-executive-order-on-addressing-united-states-investments-in-certain-national-security-technologies-and-products-in-countries-of-concern/", "description": "On 6 August 2024, the United States President adopted a notice on continuation of the Executive Order addressing US investments in certain national security technologies and products in countries of concern (EO 14105), including registration requirements. The national emergency declared in EO 14105 will continue for an additional year. It was previously set to expire on 9 August 2024. The EO 14105 t empowers the US Treasury Secretary to curtail or forbid US investments in Chinese entities op...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-08", "title": "Child Online Safety Modernization Act (HR 5182)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5182?s=1&r=1", "description": "On 8 August 2023, the Child Online Safety Modernization Act (HR 5182) to address gaps in child protection regarding online sexual exploitation was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) operates the CyberTipline, but current law lacks requirements for comprehensive reporting by online platforms. The Act aims to modernise the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) CyberTipline by requi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-08", "title": "Department of Homeland Security third review on Cloud Security", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/08/11/department-homeland-securitys-cyber-safety-review-board-conduct-review-cloud", "description": "On 11 August 2023, the Department of Homeland Security announced that its Cyber Safety Review Board (CSRB) is conducting its third review, focusing on cloud security and providing recommendations for improving identity management and authentication. The inquiry's launch comes in response to a recent breach involving Microsoft Exchange Online. The CSRB, involving government and industry collaboration, aims to enhance cybersecurity practices and share findings with the Presidency. Furthermore, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-17", "title": "Senate Concurrent Resolution on the usage of artificial intelligence (SCR 17)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SCR17&search_keywords=artificial+intelligence&trk=feed_main-feed-card_feed-article-content", "description": "On 17 August 2023, the Senate of California adopted the Senate Concurrent Resolution 17 (SCR 17), signalling the state's dedication to investigating and enacting regulations concerning the utilisation of artificial intelligence. The resolution accentuates the challenges posed by AI-driven technology and systems, particularly in terms of unauthorised data collection and sharing. Concurrently, the resolution acknowledges A.I.'s potential benefits, including heightened efficiency in agriculture ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-18", "title": "CISA Notice on Obligation for Artificial Intelligence to be Secure by Design", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/software-must-be-secure-design-and-artificial-intelligence-no-exception", "description": "On 18 August 2023, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a statement stressing the necessity for Artificial Intelligence systems to embody a Secure by Design ethos, similar to any other software system. This entails that manufacturers of AI systems are obligated to regard customer security as a fundamental business requisite rather than just a technical attribute. The principle of security must be prioritised across the entire lifecycle of the product, commen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-21", "title": "AI Labeling Act of 2023 (SB 2691/ HB 6466)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6466", "description": "On 21 November 2023, the Bill for transparency regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated content (AI Labeling Act/HB 6466) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Bill requires developers of generative AI systems to include a disclosure that identifies AI-generated content and AI chatbots. Furthermore, it aims to prevent the publication of content by imposing obligations on developers of generative AI systems. In addition, the Bill seeks to establish a working group with the Na...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Privacy Protection Agency's Cybersecurity Audit Regulations", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250923.html", "description": "On 1 April 2030, businesses with annual gross revenues below USD 50 million reach the final compliance deadline under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) cybersecurity audit regulations and must submit certifications to the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) confirming completion of required cybersecurity audits. The regulations require annual cybersecurity audits, which have to be conducted by a qualified, objective, and independent professional, internal or external, using s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Privacy Protection Agency's Risk Assessment Regulations", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250923.html", "description": "On 1 April 2028, businesses subject to the risk assessment provisions of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) regulations must submit to the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) an attestation confirming that they have completed all required risk assessments, together with a summary of the assessment information. This submission fulfils the external reporting obligation and enables the Agency to exercise supervisory oversight of compliance with the risk assessment framework. (eff...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-12", "title": "Copyright Office inquiry into Artificial Intelligence and Copyright", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/15/2023-25128/artificial-intelligence-and-copyright", "description": "On 6 December 2023, the public consultation closed on the United States Copyright Office's inquiry into copyright law and policy issues arising from the increasing use and development of artificial intelligence (“AI”) systems. The Office outlined the copyright policy challenges related to AI use, including using copyrighted materials to train AI models, determining whether AI-generated content can be copyrighted, potential legal consequences for infringing AI-generated works and handling AI-g...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-08-29", "title": "ENCRYPT Act of 2023 (HB 5311)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5311/text?s=1&r=116", "description": "On 29 August 2023, the \"Ensuring National Constitutional Rights for Your Private Telecommunications (ENCRYPT) Act of 2023\" (HB 5311) was introduced to the US Congress. The Bill aims to preempt State mandates and requirements related to data security vulnerabilities and decryption. It prohibits States and their subdivisions from mandating or requesting manufacturers, developers, sellers, or providers of covered products or services to design security functions that allow user surveillance or p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-14", "title": "Department of Homeland Security policies and measures promoting responsible use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/09/14/dhs-announces-new-policies-and-measures-promoting-responsible-use-artificial", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced new policies and measures to promote the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) developed by its Artificial Intelligence Task Force (AITF). In particular, the new policies aim to establish key principles for the responsible use of AI. To this end, Directive 026-11 on the “Use of Face Recognition and Face Capture Technologies” was issued outlining how the DHS will ensure that its use of face recognition and f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-13", "title": "Safety in Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 294)", "url": "https://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20230913-senator-wiener-introduces-safety-framework-artificial-intelligence-legislation", "description": "On 13 September 2023, the Safety in Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 294) was amended. The Act would apply to companies developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, and include requirements for them ensuring safe AI development. The requirements include elaborating plans that detail what safety risks AI models are tested for, how testing is improved, additional safety measures that would be taken in response to warning signs of danger and explaining the danger of added unpredictable new cap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "title": "CFPB guidance on credit denials by lenders using artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-issues-guidance-on-credit-denials-by-lenders-using-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 19 September 2023, the US Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued its guidance on credit denials by lenders using artificial intelligence (AI). The guidance emphasises that lenders must provide accurate and specific reasons when taking adverse actions against consumers, such as denying credit. This requirement is crucial in light of the increasing use of advanced algorithms and consumer data in credit assessments. The guidance stresses that even when using AI, creditors must off...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-31", "title": "Act relating to social media platforms regulating features that harm child users (SB 680)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB680", "description": "On 31 August 2024, an Act relating to social media platforms regulating features that harm child users (SB 680) was rejected by the California Senate as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. In particular, the Act would have prohibited social media platforms from using a design, algorithm, or feature that the platform knew, or by the exercise of reasonable care should have known, causes a child user to inflict harm on themselves or others, develop an ea...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-10", "title": "Multistate Attorneys General investigation into Blackbaud regarding data breach", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/ag-platkin-announces-49-5-million-multistate-settlement-with-blackbaud-to-resolve-2020-data-breach/", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the New Jersey Attorney General announced a settlement in the investigation into Blackbaud regarding data breach. Blackbaud develops software for nonprofit organisations, colleges, universities, healthcare centres, and others. Its software is used by these organisations to connect with donors and manage personal data, such as social security numbers, donation history, contact details, or protected health information. In 2020, a ransomware incident led to the exposure of con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-10", "title": "Assembly Bill 466 relating to consumer data protection", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2023/related/proposals/ab466", "description": "On 5 October 2023, Bill 466 relating to consumer data protection was introduced in the Wisconsin Assembly. The Bill would apply to controllers and processors of personal data of at least 100'000 consumers, or controllers and processors deriving at least 50 percent of their gross revenue from the sale of personal data of at least 25'000 consumers. Consumers would have the right to request confirmation whether or not a controller is processing their personal data and to access such data, to cor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-10", "title": "New York Child Data Protection Act (S. 3281)", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/child-online-safety", "description": "On 11 October 2023, the New York Child Data Protection Act (S03281) was introduced to the New York State Legislature. The Act would prohibit online platforms from collecting, using, sharing, or selling personal data of individuals under the age of 18 for advertising purposes without obtaining informed consent. The platforms would be required to obtain the informed consent of the parent or guardian for users under 13. The Act would give the Office of the Attorney General the power to enforce t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-31", "title": "NO FAKES Act (S.4875)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4875/all-actions?s=3&r=46", "description": "On 31 July 2024, Senators Coons, Blackburn, Klobuchar, and Tillis introduced S.4875, “Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act of 2024” (NO FAKES Act) into the Congress. The Act establishes the right of individuals to authorise the use of voice or visual likeness in a digital replica. The Act aims to protect the voice and visual likenesses of individuals from unauthorised computer-generated recreations from generative artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies b...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Personal Financial Data Rights Rule", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-finalizes-personal-financial-data-rights-rule-to-boost-competition-protect-privacy-and-give-families-more-choice-in-financial-services/", "description": "On 1 April 2030, the final rule on personal financial data rights came into force for depository institutions that hold less than USD 1.5 billion in total assets but more than USD 850 million. The rule mandates financial institutions to provide consumers with their data in a secure and usable format upon request. The rule provides consumers with the ability to switch to financial services that offer superior rates and services without incurring associated fees. Furthermore, the rule enforces ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-20", "title": "Reporting requirement for development of dual-use foundation models in Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions/", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the President of the United States issued an executive order revoking a series of previous executive actions implemented by the former administration, including the executive order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence, which outlined reporting requirements for the development of dual-use foundation models. The revoked order had specified that the Secretary of Commerce had to verify the availability of safe, reliable and effect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (USAISI)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/02/biden-harris-administration-announces-first-ever-consortium-dedicated-ai", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Department of Commerce (DOC) announced the establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (USAISI) through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The DOC issued the list of members, which includes industry and government researchers and non-governmental organisations. The establishment of USAISI was mandated in the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of AI. In particular, the USAISI will develop s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-11", "title": "Government Surveillance Reform Act of 2023 (S 3234)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3234?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22A+BILL+To+implement+reforms+relating+to+foreign+intelligence+surveillance+authorities%2C+and+for+other+purposes.%22%7D&s=1&r=1", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the Bill to implement reforms relating to foreign intelligence surveillance authorities (Government Surveillance Reform Act of 2023/S 3234) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Bill aims to reauthorise Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) for an additional time period of 4 years. The Bill would allow the continuation of the usage of the powers granted by that Act and would expand data protection measures to ensure the surveillance powe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-11", "title": "Personal Data Privacy Act (SB 659)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(o024s3ndpnrar5p1imtzpxfg))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=2023-SB-0659", "description": "On 9 November 2023, the Personal Data Privacy Act (SB 659) was introduced to the Michigan Senate. The Bill establishes privacy rights for consumers. It requires data handlers and processors to provide notices to consumers and prohibits certain acts regarding the collection, processing, sale, sharing, and retention of personal data. Furthermore, the Bill establishes standards and practices regarding personal data usage and would require data brokers' registration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-31", "title": "FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 (S139)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/139/actions?s=3&r=3&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22FISA+Amendments+Act%22%7D", "description": "On 31 December 2023, the FISA Amendments Reauthorization Act of 2017 (S. 139) applicability expired. The Act reauthorised Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 2017 (FISA), which previously expired on 31 December 2017. Section 702 FISA authorised the US government to \"target non-US persons, reasonably believed to be located outside the United States, in order to collect foreign intelligence information\".", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "title": "Protection of Minors on Social Media Platforms (SB 454)", "url": "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/454/?Tab=RelatedBills", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the Bill for the Protection of Minors on Social Media Platforms (SB 454) was introduced into the Florida Senate. The Bill requires social media platforms to develop and implement a content moderation policy to protect minors from certain content, in particular from exposure to sexual exploitation or abuse, through the use of natural language processing techniques and computer vision techniques. Platforms will be required to verify the age of users, restrict certain cont...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency's Automated Decision Making Regulations", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250923.html", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the Regulation under California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) on automated decision-making technology (ADMT) enters into force. The rules apply to businesses using ADMT for significant consumer decisions in areas including employment, housing, credit, health care, education, insurance, and essential goods. Automated decision-making technology is defined broadly to include machine learning models, rule-based scoring systems, facial recognition, advanced spreadsheets, and profi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-28", "title": "DFS investigation into First American for alleged violations of cybersecurity regulation", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202311281", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) concluded an investigation into First American for alleged violations of cybersecurity regulations, resulting in a penalty of USD 1 million for non-compliance. The fine is linked to a cybersecurity breach in May 2019, where a vulnerability in the company's EaglePro application led to the exposure of consumer data. The DFS investigation determined that First American did not fully adhere to required governance, acce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-12", "title": "FCC Privacy and Data Protection Task Force Memorandum of Understandings with state Attorneys General on privacy and data protection", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-launches-first-ever-enforcement-partnerships-state-attorneys-general", "description": "On 6 December 2023, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Privacy and Data Protection Task Force, through its Enforcement Bureau, signed a Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) with the Attorneys General of Connecticut, Illinois, New York, and Pennsylvania on enforcement of privacy and data protection. The MoUs aim to facilitate expertise sharing, resource collaboration, and coordinated efforts in investigating privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity matters, outlined in sections 201 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology Guidelines for Evaluating Differential Privacy Guarantees", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-226.pdf", "description": "On 6 March 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology adopted the guidelines for evaluating differential privacy guarantees. It seeks to assist organisations across government, industry, academia, and civil society assess privacy risks in data analytics. The guidelines describe differential privacy as a privacy-enhancing technology that quantifies privacy loss, introducing a differential privacy pyramid to highlight key considerations and potential hazards. They outline differen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-12", "title": "FISA Reform and Reauthorization Act of 2023 (HR 6611)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6611/actions", "description": "On 6 December 2023, the Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act (PLEWSA/ HR 6570) was introduced to the House of Representatives, aiming to amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The proposed Act would introduce limits to the surveillance of US citizens, by requiring additional justifications for electronic surveillance applications (Sections 201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 301), limiting extensions without new intelligence (Section 205) and creating stronger liabiliti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-18", "title": "Artificial intelligence task force act (HB 1934/SB 5838)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5838&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Bill (SB 5838) entered into force on the day os its signing into law by the Governor of the State of Washington/ The Bill establishes a task force to assess current uses and trends of artificial intelligence (AI) and make recommendations to the legislature regarding guidelines and potential legislation for the use of AI systems. The task force is composed of an executive committee with members from various sectors, including the Senate, House of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-02", "title": "NIST guidelines for evaluation and red-teaming and consensus-based standard under Executive Order 14110 on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/12/nist-calls-information-support-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the public consultation closed on the Department of Commerce’s National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) responsibilities and assignments under sections 4.1, 4.5 and 11 of Executive Order 14110 on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Under the Executive Order, the NIST is required to develop guidelines, standards and best practices to ensure the safe and secure development of AI. Further, the NIST has to estab...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-23", "title": "FTC Amendments to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/federal-register-notices/16-cfr-part-312-coppa-final-rule-amendments", "description": "On 23 April 2026, the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) amended Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA Rule) enters into force. All subject operators are required to comply with the Rule’s provisions by 22 April 2026. Operators must confirm that any mixed audience website or online service does not collect personal information before determining whether a visitor is under 13 years old, unless such collection falls under a permitted exception. Age-screening methods must be designed to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-27", "title": "Attorney General investigation into NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital's compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2023/attorney-general-james-secures-300000-newyork-presbyterian-hospital-failing", "description": "On 27 December 2023, the New York Attorney General secured a settlement of USD 300'000 from the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital (NYP) for violating the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) by disclosing the health information of individuals who visited their website. The hospital used advertising tools on its website that collected and shared private and personal information with third-party tech companies when visitors used the website to search for doctors or book appoi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-31", "title": "California Artificial Intelligence Research Hub Act (SB 893)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB893#99INT", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the California Artificial Intelligence Research Hub Act (SB 893) was rejected as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Act proposed the establishment of the California Artificial Intelligence Research Hub (the hub) within the Government Operations Agency. The hub would have aimed to facilitate collaboration between government agencies, academic institutions, and private sector partners. The Bill also would have mandated the develo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-31", "title": "Bill on Public Contracts: Automated Decision Systems Procurement Standards (SB 892)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB892#99INT", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the Bill on Public Contracts: Automated Decision Systems Procurement Standards (SB 892) was adopted by the California Legislature. The Act mandates the Department of Technology to establish automatic decision system (ADS) procurement standards, including points such as a detailed risk assessment procedure for procurement of ADS, methods for risk controls between state agency and vendors, adverse incident monitoring procedures, classification of prohibited use cases, and ana...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-01", "title": "Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 15)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/24RS/sb15.html", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 15) was introduced to the Kentucky Senate. The Act aims to establish consumer data privacy rights, emphasising transparency, security, and individual control over personal information. The Act grants parents or guardians the right to invoke rights on behalf of their children, and consumers can authorise agents to exercise their data privacy rights. The controllers would be required to specify their data-sharing policy and provid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-24", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Guidance on Adversarial Machine Learning Threats", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ai/100/2/e2023/final", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published an updated version of Adversarial Machine Learning: A Taxonomy and Terminology of Attacks and Mitigations (NIST.AI.100-2 E2025). This provides an update from the initial 2023 version (NIST.AI.100-2 E2023). The document introduces a taxonomy that categorises attacks on predictive and generative AI based on the stage of the machine learning lifecycle, attacker objectives, capabilities, and knowledge. It addres...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (H 4541)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=4541", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (H 4541) amending the South Carolina Code of Laws was introduced in the South Carolina General Assembly. The Act requires entities whose online products target child users to conduct data protection impact assessments, evaluating user interaction, data collection, security, and potential risks. Further, the Act would prohibit collecting, retaining, processing, or selling personal data of child users and would require consent from a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "An act relating to age-appropriate design code (HB 712)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.712", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Act relating to age-appropriate design code (HB 712) was introduced in the Vermont Legislature. The Bill would apply to data collectors operating in Vermont with gross revenues of at least USD 25 million, or that treat the personal data of at least 50'000 individuals, households or devices, or that derive at least 50% of their revenues from the sale of data. The Bill aims to ensure that online services, products, and features designed for children prioritise their best ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-01", "title": "Child Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/bills/3424.htm", "description": "On 10 January 2023, the Child Online Safety Act was introduced to the South Carolina General Assembly. The Act aims to make it unlawful for operators to make pornographic websites accessible to persons under the age of eighteen. The Act foresees liabilities of USD 50'000 for a first offence and up to USD 200'000 for a second offence. The Attorney General would be tasked with prescribing age-verification procedures for operators to follow in order not to violate this section.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Developer Act (HB 747)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+ful+HB747", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Developer Act (HB 747) was introduced to the Virginia Parliament. The Act establishes regulations for developers and deployers of high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems. In particular, developers would be required to disclose system details, including intended uses, limitations, purpose, evaluation, and measures to mitigate discrimination. In addition, deployers are mandated to avoid algorithmic discrimination, implement a risk management...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-18", "title": "FTC investigation into CafePress over alleged failure to implement reasonable security measures to protect sensitive information stored on its network", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/ftc-announces-claims-process-consumers-affected-cafepresss-data-security-failures", "description": "On 18 September 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it was distributing over USD 370'000 in payments to consumers affected by data security lapses at the online merchandise platform CafePress. This follows a March 2022 settlement where the FTC alleged that CafePress failed to implement adequate security measures, resulting in multiple data breaches that exposed sensitive user information, including Social Security numbers. The FTC is sending payments to 20'044 consumers wh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Bill for the Protection of Minors on Social Media Platforms (HB 1)", "url": "https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HouseTransmittalLetter_1.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the Florida Bill for the Protection of Minors on Social Media Platforms (HB 1) was vetoed by Florida governor DeSantis, anticipating the adoption of a more comprehensive bill. The amended Bill would have required social media platforms to prohibit users under the age of 16 from opening accounts and verify the age of users. The platforms that would have allowed users under the age of 18 would have been requireded to clearly disclose a number of policies, including content mode...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-01", "title": "Parental consent regulation in amendment to the Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 1161)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+HB1161", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Virginia House of Delegates introduced a Bill amending the Consumer Data Protection Act including parental consent regulation. The Bill would apply to persons conducting business in Virginia or producing products or services targeted at Virginia residents. It would require social media platforms which are subject to the provisions of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act to obtain verifiable parental consent before allowing any minor to create an account and use...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "South Carolina Age Appropriate Design Code Act", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/bills/4842.htm", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the South Carolina Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (HB 4842) for the Protection of Children's Data was introduced to the South Carolina House of Representatives. The bill aims to protect the personal data of children under 18 years of age by imposing obligations on covered entities. These entities, which must meet certain revenue or data processing thresholds, are required to conduct a data protection impact assessment (DPIA) for any new online service, product, or feature...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act (HB 1459)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/1459/?Tab=BillHistory", "description": "On 7 January 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act was introduced to the Senate of Florida. The Act mandates the creation of the Government Technology Modernization Council within the Department of Management Services. The Council, comprising representatives from various sectors, is tasked with studying and monitoring the development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Act also requires entities and individuals who produce or use AI and make such content a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-18", "title": "Executive Order 30 including Artificial Intelligence (AI) Education Guidelines", "url": "https://www.governor.virginia.gov/newsroom/news-releases/2024/january/name-1019979-en.html", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the Governor of Virginia issued Executive Order 30 on Artificial Intelligence (AI), which implements AI Education Guidelines for classrooms across the United States. The Guidelines set out the responsibilities of agencies regarding the use of AI in education, including the creation of advisory resources and the establishment of rules for approval of AI use. Further, the Guidelines establish guiding principles for the use of AI at all levels of education, intending to prepa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "Data Privacy Act (LB 1294)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=55276", "description": "On 16 January 2024, LB1294 to adopt the Data Privacy Act was introduced to the Legislature of Nebraska. The bill proposes the adoption of the Data Privacy Act, which will amend existing sections and establish new provisions for data privacy. The bill provides definitions for terms such as \"consumer\", \"controller\", \"processor\", and \"personal data\", ensuring clarity in the enforcement of data privacy standards. It outlines the scope, applicability, and exemptions of the Act, differentiating be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-01", "title": "New York Data Protection Act (AB A2587)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A2587", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the New York Data Protection Act (AB 2587) was reintroduced to the Assembly. The Act aims to amend the executive law to enhance data protection for individuals. It outlines the structure of the Act with sections detailing definitions, rights, and obligations concerning data protection. The Act comprehensively addresses various aspects of data protection, focusing on individuals' rights to access, delete, and be informed about their personal information held by government en...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "CFTC Inquiry into the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8853-24", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) closed its Request for Comment (RFC) into the use and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in the derivatives markets it regulates. gather information on the definition of AI and its applications, including its use in trading, risk management, compliance, cybersecurity, recordkeeping, data processing and analytics, and customer interactions. The RFC also aims to understand the risks of AI, including those related to market man...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-15", "title": "Bill for Online Privacy Protection for Children (HB 4718)", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=4718&year=2024&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 15 January 2024, House Bill 4718 regulating the online privacy protection for children was introduced to the West Virginia Legislature. The Bill aims to amend the Code of West Virginia, by adding a new article related to online privacy protection for children. The proposed legislation defines key terms, establishes prohibited actions, provides a safe harbour for operators, and outlines enforcement by the Attorney General. The prohibited actions include but are not limited to, the collectio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "User Rights in Oklahoma Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (HB 3453)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3453&Session=2400", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Oklahoma House of Representatives passed the Oklahoma Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights. The Bill establishes Oklahomans' right to be informed when interacting with artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill also provides the right to know when they are encountering images or text generated entirely by an AI engine and not reviewed by a human, and the right to approve any derivative media that is generated by an AI engine and uses audio recordings of their voice or imag...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Oklahoma Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (HB 3453)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3453&Session=2400", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Oklahoma House of Representatives passed the Oklahoma Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights, which includes data privacy and security measures. The Bill would establish the individual’s right to know when an AI model uses their data and to opt out. Further, the Bill mandates that any company that includes any data subject data in an AI model implement industry best practice security measures for data privacy and conduct at least annual risk assessments to assess design,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "Attorney General Investigation into Streaming Services' compliance with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-secures-530000-settlement-sling-tv-first-enforcement", "description": "On 30 October 2025, the California Attorney General reached a USD 530’000 settlement with Sling TV LLC over alleged violations of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The settlement applies to streaming services and connected television providers offering paid or ad-supported internet-based content. Under the agreement, Sling TV must pay USD 530,000 in civil penalties, simplify its opt-out process, and provide an opt-out mechanism within applications on living-room devices. The company...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-28", "title": "Children's Data Privacy Act (AB 1949)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1949#99INT", "description": "On 28 August 2024, the California Children’s Data Privacy Act (AB 1949), amending the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2020, was adopted by the California Senate. The Bill aims to enhance the protection of the personal information of consumers under the age of 18. In particular, the Bill removes the condition that a business must have actual knowledge that the consumer is under 16 years old and prohibits the sale or sharing of personal information of a consumer under 18 years unless the con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-01", "title": "California Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act", "url": "https://sd13.senate.ca.gov/news/press-release/january-12-2024/state-senator-josh-becker-proposes-groundbreaking-legislation", "description": "On 12 January 2024, the California State Senator announced its intention to introduce the California Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act in the 2024 legislative session. The proposed legislation aims to provide consumers with the ability to determine whether a product has been generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill will require large generative AI providers to watermark the images, videos, and audio created by their models and provide a platform for consumers to ask these co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "Joint Resolution providing for Congressional Disapproval of SEC Rule on Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure (S.J.Res 50)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/SAP-SJRes-50.pdf", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced its opposition to the Joint Resolution providing for Congressional Disapproval of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Rule on Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure (S.J.Res 50). The rule requires public companies to disclose material cybersecurity incidents and provide an annual report detailing their processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-02", "title": "Principles and Design Requirements in ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics", "url": "https://asean.org/book/asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics/", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Digital Ministers' Meeting (ADGMIN) adopted the Guide on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance and Ethics, including design and principles to be followed to ensure the development of trustworthy systems. The guide is addressed to entities developing and deploying commercial AI systems and non-military or dual-use applications. The guide aims to ensure the interoperability of AI regulatory frameworks and outlines recommen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "Biometric Information Privacy Act (HB 2594)", "url": "https://documents.house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills241/hlrbillspdf/5379H.01I.pdf", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Biometric Information Privacy Act (HB 2594) was introduced to the House of Representatives of Missouri. The proposed Act broadens the definition of \"biometric information\" to encompass a retina or iris scan, fingerprint, voiceprint, scan of hand or face geometry, or any other biological characteristic that can uniquely identify an individual. The Bill specifies that \"biometric information\" does not include data obtained from items or processes not considered as biometr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-08", "title": "Act Amending Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (SB 2979)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=112&GA=103&DocTypeId=SB&DocNum=2979&GAID=17&LegID=152094&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "On 2 August 2024, the Act amending the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (SB 2979) was signed by the Governor of Illinois. The amendment counts multiple unauthorised collections of the same piece of biometric information by the same method or multiple disclosures of the same piece to the same party as a single violation for the purposes of the Biometric Information Privacy Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Bill amending Consumer Data Protection Act to include protections for children (SB 361/HB 707)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB361", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Bill amending the Consumer Data Protection Act to include protections for children (SB 361) comes into effect. The Bill aims to protect children's data and defines key terms such as \"biometric data\", \"child\", and \"consumer\". It provides specific requirements for data controllers and processors regarding the protection of children's privacy, including restrictions on data processing, processing of sensitive data, and prohibition of specific processing activities. The Bill p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "title": "Illinois Protect Health Data Privacy Act (SB3080 / HB4093)", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=4093&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=&SessionID=112&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=103", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the Protect Health Data Privacy Act (HB 4093) was introduced into the Illinois House of Representatives. The Act aims to regulate the protection of health data. In particular, the Act requires regulated entities to disclose and maintain clear health data privacy policies. It also prohibits certain practices, such as the sale of health data without valid consumer authorisation. Additionally, it grants consumers the right to request the deletion of their data and to opt out...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "Protecting Innovation in Investment Act (SB 3735)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3735?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22Ted+Cruz%22%7D&s=3&r=1", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Protecting Innovation in Investment Act (SB 3735) was introduced in the United States Congress. The Act aims to prevent the implementation of the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) proposed rule titled \"Conflicts of Interest Associated With the Use of Predictive Data Analytics by Broker-Dealers and Investment Advisers\". The proposed rule would require broker-dealers and investment advisers to evaluate potential conflicts of interest arising from the use of tech...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "New Hampshire Attorney General Investigation into Life Corporation for allegedly using AI-generated voice cloning in robocalls to spread misinformation to voters", "url": "https://www.doj.nh.gov/news/2024/20240206-voter-robocall-update.html", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Attorney General's Office Election Law Unit identified Texas-based Life Corporation and an individual named Walter Monk as the source of robocalls that encouraged recipients not to vote in the New Hampshire Presidential Primary Election. The robocalls, which used an AI-generated voice clone of President Biden's voice, were received by numerous New Hampshire residents on 21 January 2024. The Election Law Unit launched an investigation in coordination with state and fede...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-29", "title": "Creation of Frontier Model Division under Department of Technology in Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act (SB 1047)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047", "description": "On 29 September 2024, the Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models Act (SB 1047) was vetoed by the Governor of California. The Act would require the establishment of a Frontier Model Division under the Department of Technology. The Division would be responsible for reviewing annual certification reports from developers and publicly releasing summarised findings based on those reports. Additionally, the Division would be required to commission consultants to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-02", "title": "Data protection regulation in Privacy Rights Act (SB 3517)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3517&GAID=17&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Privacy Rights Act (SB 3517) was introduced to the Illinois Legislature. The Act sets forth duties and obligations for businesses that collect consumers' personal and sensitive personal information. It outlines consumer rights, including the right to delete, correct, and know what personal information is sold or shared and to whom. It also allows consumers to opt out of the sale or sharing of personal information, limits the use and disclosure of sensitive personal inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-02", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Privacy Rights Act (SB 3517)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3517&GAID=17&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Privacy Rights Act (SB 3517) was introduced to the Illinois Legislature. The Act would establish the Privacy Protection Agency and the Consumer Privacy Fund and allow the Attorney General to create rules to implement the Act. The Act outlines the duties and obligations of businesses that collect consumers' personal and sensitive personal information. Further, the Act establishes consumer rights, including the right to delete, correct, and know what personal information...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-19", "title": "Performance Monitoring Requirements in the Hawaii Algorithmic Discrimination Bill (HB 1607/SB 2524)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2524&year=2024", "description": "On 19 January 2024, the Hawaii Algorithmic Discrimination Bill (SB 2524) was introduced to the Hawaii Senate. The Bill would mandate entities to provide notice and disclosure about how they use personal information in algorithmic eligibility determinations. It also requires entities to conduct annual audits of their algorithmic eligibility determination practices to ensure they do not discriminate or have a disparate impact. Furthermore, entities are required to submit an annual report to the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-27", "title": "Licensing requirements in Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A8195)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A8195", "description": "On 27 October 2023, the Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A8195) was introduced in the New York State Assembly. The Bill requires any person who develops a high-risk advanced artificial intelligence (AI) system to disclose its existence and function by applying for a licence. The duty to disclose is triggered by the system's active deployment and usage in its intended context or field of operation and extends to any updates, modifications, upgrades, or expansions of the system's...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-27", "title": "Data protection regulation in Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A 8195)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A8195", "description": "On 27 October 2023, the Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A 8195) was introduced in the New York State Assembly. The Bill aims to enforce data protection regulations for high-risk advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill defines high-risk advanced AI systems as AI systems that can cause substantial harm to an individual. The Bill requires a licensee to notify the department and, if applicable, a relevant law enforcement agency or governmental entity where the lice...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-27", "title": "Establishment of Advisory Council for Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A8195)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A8195", "description": "On 27 October 2023, the Advanced Artificial Intelligence Licensing Act (A 8195) was introduced in the New York State Assembly. The Bill aims to establish an Advisory Council for Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the power to issue non-binding recommendations on granting licences. The council would be tasked with reviewing and commenting on all rules and regulations of the department, issuing non-binding recommendations on licensing matters, and performing other acts as may be assigned by the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-05", "title": "AI authority governance in Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB0149)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/%7E2024/bills/static/SB0149.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act entered into force. The Act establishes the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy within the Department of Commerce. The Office is tasked with overseeing an artificial intelligence learning laboratory program, consulting with stakeholders, establishing rules for the laboratory program, and reporting annually to the Business and Labor Interim Committee. Specifically, the learning laboratory program, which the Office oversees, analyses AI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-05", "title": "Users rights in Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB0149)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/%7E2024/bills/static/SB0149.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act entered into force. The Act establishes a requirement for a person who uses, prompts or causes someone to interact with generative AI in connection with certain regulated activities under consumer protection law to clearly and conspicuously disclose that the interaction is with generative AI.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-05", "title": "Licensing provision in Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (SB0149)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/%7E2024/bills/static/SB0149.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Policy Act entered into force. The Act establishes a regulatory mitigation scheme which enables potential participants wishing to utilise AI technology to apply for temporary regulatory mitigation from the Office of Artificial Intelligence Police. Eligible participants must demonstrate technical expertise, financial capacities, and the potential for substantial consumer benefits from the use of AI, among other things. Subject to a regulatory mitigati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-04", "title": "FTC Trade Regulation Rule on Impersonation of Government and Businesses", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/03/01/2024-04335/trade-regulation-rule-on-impersonation-of-government-and-businesses", "description": "On 1 April 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Trade Regulation Rule on Impersonation of Government and Businesses is implemented. The rule prohibits the false impersonation of a government entity or officer. It also prohibits the misrepresentation of affiliation with, including endorsement or sponsorship by, a government entity or officer. Furthermore, under the rule, the FTC will have the power to initiate federal court proceedings directly to compel persons found to impersonate govern...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "title": "Testing requirement in Automated Decision Tools and Artificial Intelligence Act (H 7521)", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/billtext24/housetext24/h7521.pdf", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Automated Decision Tools and Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 7521), including testing requirements, was introduced to the Rhode Island General Assembly. The Bill aims to regulate the development, commercialisation and use of automated decision tools using artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill defines AI as a machine-based system that can make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing a real or virtual environment. The Bill also outlines the definitions an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024 (HB 2091)", "url": "https://www.tn.gov/governor/news/2024/3/21/photos--gov--lee-signs-elvis-act-into-law.html", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security Act of 2024 enters into force. The Act provides that a person possesses the right to control the use of their name, photograph, voice, or likeness across all mediums and in any form. The Act clarifies that commercial exploitation of likeness includes the availability of a sound recording or audiovisual work in which the individual's name, photograph, voice, or likeness is identifiable. The Act also creates a civil action right ...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "title": "Right Not to Be Subject in Automated Decision Tools and Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 7521)", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/billtext24/housetext24/h7521.pdf", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Automated Decision Tools and Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 7521) was introduced to the Rhode Island General Assembly. The Bill aims to regulate the development, commercialisation and use of automated decision tools using artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill defines AI as a machine-based system that can make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing a real or virtual environment. The Bill also outlines the definitions and responsibilities of deployers a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-31", "title": "Data Digesters Registration Bill (AB 3204)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3204", "description": "On 31 August 2024, Data Digesters Registration Bill (AB 3204) was rejected by the General Assembly in the California Legislature as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Bill included a registration requirement for data digesters, defined as covered entities which design or modify AI systems through training with personal information of large numbers of individuals.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-20", "title": "Testing requirements in Act Preventing a Dystopian Work Environment (HB 1873)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H1873/BillHistory?pageNumber=1&direction=asc&sortColumn=BillHistoryDateTime", "description": "On 19 January 2023, an Act Preventing a Dystopian Work Environment (HB 1873), including Worker Monitoring Regulation, was introduced into the Massachusetts Legislature. The Act aims to regulate the collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation of worker data by employers and vendors. It introduces definitions for terms such as \"automated decision system\", \"electronic monitoring\", and \"worker data\", setting the framework for their usage in the workplace. The Act mandates employers to notif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Consumer Health Data Protection Bill (HB1566)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2024/bills/HB1566_HD1_.HTM", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Bill for Enhanced Consumer Health Data Protection (HB1566) was passed by the Hawaii House of Representatives. The Bill aims to enhance privacy protections for consumer health information, particularly information collected by non-healthcare entities such as apps and websites. The Bill outlines the process for consumers to exercise these rights and the obligations of regulated entities or small businesses in responding to consumer requests. Specifically, consent must be ob...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "AI Authority Governance in Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.711", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711), including testing requirements for AI systems, was introduced in the Vermont legislature. The Bill proposes to establish testing requirements for developers and deployers of inherently dangerous artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill includes definitions of terms related to AI, responsibilities of developers and deployers, oversight and enforcement mechanisms, requirements for safety and impact asses...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Testing Requirements in Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.711", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711), including Testing Requirements for AI systems, was introduced in the Vermont legislature. The Bill proposes to establish testing requirements for developers and deployers of inherently dangerous artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill includes definitions of terms related to AI, responsibilities of developers and deployers, oversight and enforcement mechanisms, requirements for safety and impact asses...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Act Regulating Developers and Deployers of AI Systems (H 710)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.710", "description": "On 9 January 2024, Bill H. 710 was introduced to the General Assembly of the State of Vermont, proposing to regulate developers and deployers of high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems and developers of generative AI systems. The bill defines a high-risk AI system as any AI system that makes or is a controlling factor in making a consequential decision. The bill aims to regulate the use of such systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination and ensure the responsible use of AI. The bill...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "AI Authority Governance in Connecticut Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (SB 2)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/amd/S/pdf/2024SB-00002-R00SB-AMD.pdf", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (SB 2) was passed by the Senate of Connecticut. The Bill would establish an Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council tasked with engaging stakeholders and experts to make recommendations concerning the ethical and equitable use of AI in state government and assess the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy's Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights. Furthermore, the Council would have the power to issue recommendations concer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "Testing Requirements in Connecticut Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (SB 2)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/amd/S/pdf/2024SB-00002-R00SB-AMD.pdf", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (SB 2) was passed by the Senate of Connecticut. The Bill would require developers to use reasonable care to protect consumers from any risk arising from the development or substantial modification of a high-risk generative artificial intelligence system. The Bill would also require developers to manage known or reasonably foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination arising from the development or modification of such systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Prohibition of Goods and Services in Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.711", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Oversight and Liability Bill (HB 711), including the prohibition of goods and services, was introduced in the Vermont legislature. The Bill proposes to establish testing requirements for developers and deployers of inherently dangerous artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill includes definitions of terms related to AI, responsibilities of developers and deployers, oversight and enforcement mechanisms, requirements for safety and impact ass...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-10", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Social Media Regulation Amendments (SB 194)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0194.html", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Social Media Regulation Amendments Bill (SB 194) entered into force. The Bill requires the implementation of an age verification mechanism for minors and mandates that personal information collected within the age verification mechanisms be kept separately and not used for other purposes. Furthermore, the Bill mandates that social media companies set the default account settings of minors to have the highest privacy protections and restricts the collection and sale of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-05", "title": "Utah Motor Vehicle Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 215)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0215.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Utah Motor Vehicle Consumer Data Protection Act (SB215) entered into force. The Act outlines regulations governing the handling of dealer data within the automotive industry. The Act would prohibit franchisors or third parties from mandating franchisees to provide direct or indirect access to their dealer data systems, specifying accepted electronic file formats for data submission, and requiring written agreements for data processing assistance. Additionally, the Act impos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "title": "Bill amending the Protection of Personal Information Act (SB 232)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0232.html", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Bill amending the Protection of Personal Information Act (SB 232) was introduced to the Utah Legislature. The Bill defines terms and establishes standards for maintaining and destroying the personal information of minors. The Bill requires businesses and service providers, including educational and healthcare services, to implement reasonable procedures to prevent unlawful use or disclosure of a minor's personal information. It also mandates the destruction of records...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "Prior Approval requirement Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation in Hawaii (HB 2176/SB 2572)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2176&year=2024", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Hawaii Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation Act (HB2176) was introduced to the Hawaii House of Representatives. The Act specifies that entities would not be permitted to deploy artificial intelligence products within the State unless they have obtained prior written approval from the office. The Act establishes the Office of Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation within the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, which will have the power to assess...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "Ethical Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 3835)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB3835&session=2400", "description": "On 5 February 2024, the Ethical Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 3835) was introduced in the Oklahoma Legislature. The Act applies to operators with more than 50 employees or less if their tool affects more than 999 people per year. Algorithmic discrimination is defined as the unjustified differential treatment or disfavoring of people caused by an automated decision tool. The Act requires developers and deployers of automated decision tools to conduct an annual impact assessment, which includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-07", "title": "Assembly Bill A7859 on Automated Employment Decision Tools", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A7859", "description": "On 7 July 2023, an Assembly Bill concerning Automated Employment Decision Tools was introduced in the New York State Assembly. The Bill requires employers and employment agencies to notify candidates if machine learning technology is used to make hiring decisions. The Bill defines an \"Automated Employment Decision Tool\" as any computational process derived from machine learning, statistical modelling, data analytics, or artificial intelligence that is used to assist or replace discretionary d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-19", "title": "Worker Monitoring Regulation in Act Preventing a Dystopian Work Environment (HB 1873)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H1873", "description": "On 19 January 2023, an Act Preventing a Dystopian Work Environment (HB 1873) including Worker Monitoring Regulation was introduced into the Massachusetts Legislature. The Act outlines the conditions under which employers can monitor their workers, with a focus on ensuring that such monitoring is necessary, proportionate, and respects workers' rights. The Act requires employers or vendors to conduct electronic monitoring only under specific conditions to support necessary business operations, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Utilization Review Act (HB 3577 / AURA)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3577&Session=2400", "description": "On 5 February 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Utilization Review Act (HB 3577 / AURA) was introduced in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The Act aims to regulate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health insurance utilisation reviews. Insurers are mandated to publicly disclose on their website whether AI-based algorithms are used or will be used in the utilisation review process. In addition, insurers must submit their algorithms and training datasets to the state's Department...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "User right in Oklahoma Citizen's Bill of Rights", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb1975&Session=2400", "description": "On 5 February 2024, the Citizen's Bill of Rights, including user rights, was introduced in the Oklahoma Legislature. The Bill includes provisions that protect the rights of citizens in the digital space. It prohibits the use of digital identification to monitor purchases, restrict travel or movement, or as a condition for employment. It also prohibits the institution or maintenance of any personal social credit score on citizens. Furthermore, the Bill prohibits the use of AI to discriminate ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "Montana AG investigation into Google's Gemini AI System", "url": "https://dojmt.gov/wp-content/uploads/Google-AI-Letter-FINAL.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Attorney General of Montana (AG)announced an investigation into Google's Gemini artificial intelligence (AI) system. The investigation is based on allegations that the AI system prioritises Google's political bias over providing accurate information, potentially violating the Montana Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Act (UTPCPA) and the Montana Human Rights Act (MHRA). The AG has requested information on the AI system's responses, such as its alleged ref...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-20", "title": "Protecting Americans Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 (HR 7520)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7520/all-actions", "description": "On 20 March 2024, the Protecting Americans Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 (HR 7520) was passed by the House of Representatives. The Act would prohibit data brokers from selling, licensing, renting, trading, transferring, disclosing or making available sensitive data to foreign adversaries or entities under foreign adversary control. The sensitive data includes information that could potentially harm an individual's privacy, security, or well-being, such as government-issued identi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Public Procurement Measures in Federal AI Governance and Transparency Act (HR 7532)", "url": "https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/FedAIGovTransparencyAct.HR7532.Comer_.COMER_029_xml.pdf", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Federal AI Governance and Transparency Act (HR 7532) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act governs the design, development, acquisition, use, management, and oversight of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Federal Government. It explicitly states that the use of AI in the Federal Government is permissible when it serves the public interest and the associated risks do not unjustly and disproportionately benefit or harm an individual or subgroup of the pu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Age Verification Requirement in Verifying Kids' Online Privacy Act (HR 7534)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7534?s=1&r=160", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Verifying Kids' Online Privacy Act (HR 7534) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act would amend the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) to require social media companies to develop privacy-protective methods of verifying the age of their users to ensure that COPPA's protections extend to all children on a platform. The Act would require platforms to design a privacy-protective method suitable for their platform and submit it to the Federal T...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Verifying Kids' Online Privacy Act (HR 7534)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7534?s=1&r=160", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Verifying Kids' Online Privacy Act (HR 7534) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act would amend the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) to include data protection requirements for minors. In particular, the Act would prohibit companies from selling, transferring, or using any data collected in the age verification process for any purpose other than determining the age. Furthremore, the Act would establish a Children's Online Safety Fund to s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Oregon Senate Bill 1571 Relating to the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Campaign Communications", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Measures/Overview/SB1571", "description": "On 5 March 2024, Senate Bill 1571, relating to the use of artificial intelligence (AI), was adopted by the Oregon State Legislature. The Act amends the Oregon Revised Statutes (ORS) no 260.345. The Act aims to implement requirements for disclosure of the use of AI in campaign ads and campaign communication. The Act provides a definition of synthetic media, meaning a digital technology that is used to create an image, audio or video recording of an individual's appearance or speech that a reas...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "title": "Online Data Privacy Act (SB 0541 / HB 0567)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0567?ys=2024RS", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Maryland Online Data Privacy Act (HB 0567 / SB 0641) came into effect. The Act outlines consumer rights regarding the deletion and opt-out of personal data processing, imposing responsibilities on data controllers to establish secure methods for exercising these rights free of charge and providing timely responses to consumer requests. Additionally, it establishes rules and procedures governing data collection, processing, and disclosure, including prohibitions on discr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "Delaware Artificial Intelligence Commission Act", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=140866", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Commission Act (HB 333) entered into force following its signing into law by the Governor of Delaware. The Act establishes the Delaware Artificial Intelligence (AI) Commission, tasked with making recommendations to the General Assembly and the Department of Technology and Information on AI utilisation and safety within the state. The Commission has to conduct an inventory of all Generative AI usage within Delaware's executive, legislative, and judi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-03", "title": "House Bill 5960 Creating West Virginia Task Force on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=5690&year=2024&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the House of Delegates of West Virginia adopted House Bill 5690, which establishes the West Virginia Task Force on Artificial Intelligence. The Task Force, organised within the Office of the Governor, is responsible for recommending a definition of artificial intelligence for legislative use, determining relevant state agencies to oversee AI policy, developing best practices for public sector uses of AI, and assessing the use of AI in the workforce. The bill enters into force...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Establishment of Indiana Artificial Intelligence Task Force in Indiana Senate Bill 150", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/150/actions", "description": "On 1 July 2024, Indiana Senate Bill 150, Creating Artificial Intelligence Task Force, enters into force. The Bill establishes the Indiana Artificial Intelligence Task Force, which will conduct studies and issue recommendations on state bodies' use of artificial intelligence technology.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-03", "title": "Updates to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-proposes-coppa-update-children’s-private-online", "description": "On 11 March 2024, the California Attorney General, in response to the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) notice of proposed rulemaking, joined a multistate letter to the FTC proposing updates to regulations implementing the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The proposed updates aim to strengthen restrictions on companies selling children's data and protect consumers who seek to manage what information websites can collect from children. The proposed rules would require separate ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Bill relating to the Use of Artificial Intelligence by public bodies (SB 487)", "url": "https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB621", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Virginia Act concerning the use of artificial intelligence by public bodies (SB 487) enters into force. This Act establishes the Commission on Artificial Intelligence, tasked with advising the Governor on matters relating to artificial intelligence and issuing non-binding recommendations based on its findings. The Commission is set to expire on 1 July 2027, pursuant to a sunset clause. Notably, the provisions of Senate Bill 621 were incorporated into SB 487 during the legi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-05", "title": "Bill amending the Information Technology Act (SB 131)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/sbillenr/SB0131.pdf", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Bill amending the Information Technology Act (SB 131) entered into force. The Bill provides definitions for terms, such as artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence or synthetic audio and visual media and requires explicit disclosures for audio or visual communications aimed at influencing voting, which include synthetic media. Furthermore, the Bill imposes penalties for failure to adhere to these requirements and permits courts to consider the use of arti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "Bill Mandating Disclosure for AI-generated content (SB 2431/HB 2707)", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=SB2431&ga=113", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the Bill Mandating Disclosure for AI-generated content (SB 2431/HB 2707) was introduced in the Tennessee House and Senate. The Bill would require individuals or entities to disclose when content is generated using artificial intelligence (AI). The Bill applies to images, videos, audio recordings, and written works, including those using the likeness of another individual or written by an individual other than the listed author. The disclosure must be implemented prior to d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-03", "title": "Content Moderation Requirements in Amendment to Campaign Reporting Act (HB 182)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legtype=B&legno=182&year=24", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Amendment to the Campaign Reporting Act (HB 182) enters into force. The bill defines \"materially deceptive media\" as artificial intelligence (AI) generated content that falsely depicts an individual’s actions or speech without their consent. It also establishes rules to regulate its use, particularly in elections. Advertisements containing such media must include a clear disclaimer in all relevant languages stating that the media has been manipulated or generated by AI. W...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "title": "Justice Department Rule on Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern implementing EO 14117 (Data Security Program)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/public-inspection/2024-31486/preventing-access-to-us-sensitive-personal-data-and-government-related-data-by-countries-of-concern", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Department of Justice rule on access to Americans’ bulk sensitive personal data and government-related data by countries of concern including audit and reporting requirements enter into force. The rule addresses the processing of sensitive US personal and government-related data by foreign adversaries, specifically by six countries of concern, including China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela. The rule applies to entities handling government-related or bul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-03", "title": "Testing requirement in No Robot Bosses Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7621?s=1&r=4", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the No Robot Bosses Act of 2024, including testing requirements (HR 7621), was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act would require pre-deployment and periodic testing and validation of automated decision systems for issues such as discrimination and biases at least once a year before such systems are used in employment-related decisions. The result of such testing procedures shall made public, especially to individuals impacted by their use.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-03", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in No Robot Bosses Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7621?s=1&r=4", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the No Robot Bosses Act of 2024 was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act would establish the Technology and Worker Protection Division at the Department of Labor to regulate the use of automated decision systems in the workplace, including through regular input from user, research and product advisory boards. The Act would give the Technology and Worker Protection Division the power to issue rules and guidelines implementing the Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-31", "title": "Act relating to Artificial Intelligence Technology (SB 970)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB970", "description": "On 31 August 2024, an Act relating to Artificial Intelligence Technology (SB 970) was rejected by the California Legislature as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Act aimed to address the challenges posed by artificial intelligence (AI) and synthetic voice, video, and image recordings. According to the Act, sellers or providers of artificial intelligence technology capable of producing synthetic images or voices would have been required to provid...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-19", "title": "Data protection regulation in AI Consent Act (SB 3975)", "url": "https://www.lujan.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/lujan-welch-introduce-billto-require-online-platforms-receive-consumers-consent-before-using-their-personal-data-to-train-ai-models/", "description": "On 19 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Consumer Opt-in, Notification, Standards, and Ethical Norms for Training (AI Consent Act/SB 3975) was introduced to the United States Senate. In particular, the Act would require the Federal Trade Commission to adopt regulations to mandate online platforms to obtain the express and informed consent of consumers before using or selling personal data to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. Furthermore, the Act provides disclosure standards as ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Bill amending opt-out rights in California Consumer Privacy Act (AB 1824)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1824", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill amending the opt-out rights in the California Consumer Privacy Act enters into effect. The Bill extends the consumer right to opt out of the sale or sharing of their personal information, making compliance with obligations created by it applicable to businesses to comply in cases such as mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Bill amending Biometric Information Privacy Act (HB 4686)", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?GA=103&SessionID=112&DocTypeID=HB&DocNum=4686", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Bill amending the Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA/HB 4686) was introduced to the House of Representatives. BIPA regulates the collection, disclosure and storage of biometric identifiers. The Bill would amend the term 'written release' to 'written consent' and would require private entities in possession of biometric identifiers to make their written policy available to the individuals from whom biometric information is collected. It also would establish a prov...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Order on continuation of national emergency pertaining to significant malicious cyber-enabled activities", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/03/27/2024-06720/continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-significant-malicious-cyber-enabled", "description": "On April 1, 2025, the President terminated the notice which continued national emergency in response to threats posed by malicious cyber-enabled activities from individuals located outside the United States. The notice extended Executive Order 13694, issued on 1 April 2015. The notice was made pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act due to the impact of the \"malicious\" activities on national security, foreign policy, and the economy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Circular 2024-02 on deceptive marketing practices about the speed or cost of sending a remittance transfer", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/12/2025-08286/interpretive-rules-policy-statements-and-advisory-opinions-withdrawal", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced the withdrawal of Consumer Financial Protection Circular 2024-02 concerning deceptive marketing practices regarding the speed or cost of sending remittance transfers. The withdrawal was issued pursuant to a directive from CFPB leadership and aligns with Executive Order 14219, which supports deregulatory efforts under the President’s “Department of Government Efficiency” initiative. The withdrawn circular had addressed c...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-12", "title": "OMB Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/M-24-10-Advancing-Governance-Innovation-and-Risk-Management-for-Agency-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2024, the requirements outlined in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies on Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) entered into force. The memorandum outlines requirements for federal departments and agencies when using or procuring. In particular, the memorandum specifies that the procured AI systems should be consistent with the Constitution and comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-27", "title": "US Department of the Treasury Report on Managing Artificial Intelligence-Specific Cybersecurity Risks in the Financial Sector", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2212", "description": "On 27 March 2024, the US Department of the Treasury published a report on Managing Artificial Intelligence-Specific Cybersecurity Risks in the Financial Services Sector. The report was written in accordance with Presidential Executive Order 14110 on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The report identifies the opportunities and challenges that AI presents to the security and resiliency of the financial services sector. It outlines a series of next...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-29", "title": "Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act (HR 7841)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7841/cosponsors?s=2&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22Ted%22%7D", "description": "On 29 March 2024, the Reproductive Data Privacy and Protection Act (HR 7841) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act aims to safeguard reproductive health care from law enforcement surveillance technologies. The Act amends sections 2518 and 2703 of Title 18, United States Code. In response to the 2022 Dobbs Supreme Court decision, which led to increased law enforcement access to data such as geolocation and private messages to investigate and prosecute abortions, this Act aims...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-04", "title": "Data protection regulation in Louisiana Consumer Privacy Act (HB 947)", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=24rs&b=HB947&sbi=y", "description": "On 2 April 2024, the Consumer Privacy Act (HB 947) was introduced into the Louisiana House of Representatives. This Act defines consumer rights, the process for consumers to exercise these rights, and specifically lists the responsibilities of data controllers and processors, including the handling of deidentified data. Additionally, it mandates data protection assessments for processing activities that could pose a high risk of harm to consumers, requiring an evaluation of the benefits and r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "Data protection regulation in American Privacy Rights Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8818/text", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the American Privacy Rights Act of 2024, including data protection regulation, was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act aims to establish consumer data privacy rights and standards regarding the collection and processing of sensitive personal data. The consumers would have the right to access, correct, delete, and export their data. Furthermore, the Act would introduce a transparency obligation regarding the collection of data and would require entities to c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in American Privacy Rights Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8818/text", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the American Privacy Rights Act of 2024, including cybersecurity regulation, was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act would require covered entities and service providers to implement data security measures to protect stored data based on entity size, data practices, and the volume and sensitivity of the data processed. Furthermore, the entities would be required to conduct assessments to identify potential vulnerabilities, implement measures to minimise the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-01", "title": "Act amending General Business Law to require Synthetic Media Advertisement Disclosure (A00216)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=%0D%0A&leg_video=&bn=A00216&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 4 January 2023, the New York State Assembly introduced an Act amending the General Business Law to require Synthetic Media Advertisement Disclosure (A00216). The Act stipulates that, where a human likeness is generated using artificial intelligence and used in a commercial advertisement, the advertisement must include a disclaimer that the likeness is synthetic rather than natural. Failure to include such a disclaimer results in a USD 1'000 violation for first-time violations, which is rai...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-04", "title": "US-Uruguay Memorandum of Understanding on Critical and Emerging Technologies", "url": "https://www.trade.gov/press-release/joint-statement-signing-memorandum-understanding-concerning-cooperation-select", "description": "On 11 April 2024, the United States and Uruguay signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Critical and Emerging Technologies. This agreement, aims to foster cooperation in areas such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, data flows, clean energy, telecommunications, cybersecurity, and biotechnology. The MoU establishes a Bilateral Working Group to identify and implement specific collaborative activities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Testing requirements in Act Concerning Consumer Protections in Interactions with Artificial Intelligence Systems (SB 24-205)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2024a_205_signed.pdf", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Bill for an Act Concerning Consumer Protections in Interactions with Artificial Intelligence Systems (SB 24-205), including testing requirements, enters into force. The Bill includes measures for developers and deployers of high-risk Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The high-risk AI system is defined as systems developed or substantially modified to make consequential decisions that impact consumer's access to or the availability, cost, or terms of various aspects...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Data Privacy Act (LB 1074)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=54904", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Nebraska Data Privacy Act (LB 1074) was implemented, including cybersecurity regulations. The Bill mandates data controllers and processors to implement administrative, technical, and physical data security practices that are appropriate to the nature and volume of the personal data they handle. The Bill requires businesses to conduct regular privacy risk assessments and cybersecurity audits to ensure the protection of personal data against unauthorised access and breac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-03", "title": "AI Foundation Model Registration Act (SB 118)", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=24rs&b=SB118&sbi=y", "description": "On 11 March 2024, a Bill providing for the registration of foundation models (SB 118) was introduced into the Louisiana Legislature. The Bill, which is aimed at regulating the development and deployment of machine learning and AI technologies within the state, requires any entity making a foundation model publicly available in Louisiana to register with the Secretary of State. The registration must include the name and business address of the registrant and, if the entity is a corporation, it...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Protection of Children Internet Data Bill (HB 577)", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=24rs&b=HB577&sbi=y", "description": "On 1 March 2024, Protection of Children Internet Data (HB 577) was introduced into the Louisiana Legislature. The Bill prohibits social media companies with more than one million account holders globally from using personal data and algorithms to target advertising at users under the age of 18 located in the state. It also bans the sale of minors' personal data. The legislation permits certain exceptions, such as the display of user-generated content in chronological order and the provision o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-20", "title": "Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act (HR 7888)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/04/20/bill-signed-h-r-7888/", "description": "On 20 April 2024, the Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act (HR 7888) entered into force after being signed by the President of the United States. The Act reauthorises Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) for five years. Title VII was set to expire on 31 December 2023 and was reauthorised until 19 April 2024 through the engrossed version of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (HR 2670). The Act imposes new rules on the querying of inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-18", "title": "AI Authority Governance in the Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2024 (SB 4178)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4178?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22Todd+Young%22%7D&s=3&r=7", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Future of AI Innovation Act of 2024 (SB 4178) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act would formally establish the Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute within the National Institute of Standards and Technology, with the aim of promoting responsible development and safety standards in artificial intelligence (AI). Firstly, the Institute would be required to conduct research, evaluation, and testing to support the development of voluntary standards and best...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Act on Artificial Intelligence Use in Political Advertising (HB 919)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/919/?Tab=BillText", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Act on Artificial Intelligence Use in Political Advertising (HB 919) comes into effect. The Act regulates the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in political advertising and mandates that any political advertisement, electioneering communication, or miscellaneous advertisement that utilises generative AI to create content which appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality, must include a clear disclaimer stating, 'Created i...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-17", "title": "Registration requirement for data brokers in Vermont Act relating to enhancing consumer privacy (HB 121)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.121", "description": "On 17 June 2024, the Senate voted to sustain Governor Scott's veto of the Vermont Act relating to enhancing consumer privacy (HB 121). The Vermont House of Representatives voted to override the Governor's veto, but the Vermont Senate voted to sustain the veto. Hence, the veto stands. Governor Scott previously raised concerns over the proposed legislation due to its potential negative impact on businesses and non-profits through the \"private right of action\" provision and the First Amendment i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-16", "title": "Act relative to internet privacy rights for children (HB 80)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H80", "description": "On 16 February 2023, the House of Representatives introduced an Act concerning internet privacy rights for children (HB 80). This legislation mandates that operators of websites, online services, applications, or mobile apps must prevent the display of advertisements targeting minors for products harmful to children, such as alcohol, weapons, or drugs. Additionally, operators must ensure that third parties do not direct targeted advertisements based on personal information towards minors.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-16", "title": "Department of Labor's Artificial Intelligence and Worker Well-being: Principles for Developers and Employers", "url": "https://www.dol.gov/general/AI-Principles", "description": "On 16 October 2024, the Department of Labor (DOL) released the Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Worker Well-being: Principles and Best Practices for Developers and Employers, a roadmap to ensure that AI adoption in workplaces centres on worker well-being. The roadmap underscores the importance of involving workers, especially from underserved communities, in the design, development, and oversight of AI systems. It also calls for the ethical development of AI systems that protect workers' righ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Consumer Data Privacy Act (HF 4757)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?view=chrono&f=HF4757&y=2024&ssn=0&b=house#actions", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Consumer Data Privacy Act (HF 4757) comes into effect. The Act is applicable to legal entities conducting business in the state or providing products or services aimed at state residents. Specifically, it pertains to entities that, within a calendar year, either control or process the personal data of at least 100’000 consumers or derive over 25% of gross revenue from the sale of personal data and process the personal data of at least 25’000 consumers. Small businesses, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-16", "title": "Bill amending Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law (SB 1044) requiring disclosures for AI-generated content", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=2023&sind=0&body=S&type=B&bn=1044", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the Bill amending Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law (SB 1044) requiring disclosures for AI-generated content was introduced into the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The Bill defines artificial intelligence (AI) as a technology using predictive algorithms to create various content types. Furthermore, the Bill requires that disclosures must clearly state the content was created using AI and be presented in an easily noticeable and understandable manner in the sam...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "Strategic Vision for Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI)", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/05/us-secretary-commerce-gina-raimondo-releases-strategic-vision-ai-safety", "description": "On 21 May 2024, the US Secretary of Commerce adopted a strategic vision for the US Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI), detailing the institute's goal, including the regulatory areas it will focus. The AISI, established within the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), focuses on advancing AI safety science, demonstrating safe AI practices, and supporting global coordination on AI safety. The adopted strategy specifies that AISI will focus on testing advanced mode...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-28", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology program on Assessing Risks and Impacts of AI", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/05/nist-launches-aria-new-program-advance-sociotechnical-testing-and", "description": "On 28 May 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of the United States launched the Assessing Risks and Impacts of AI (ARIA) program. The program aims to advance the testing, evaluation, validation, and verification (TEVV) of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on assessing societal risks and impacts when AI is used in realistic settings. The ARIA program is designed to support the AI Safety Institute's efforts in establishing trustworthy AI systems by devel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency rules establishing an accessible deletion mechanism under DELETE Act (SB 362)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/pdf/invitation_for_comments_drop.pdf", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) closes the public consultation on its notice of proposed rulemaking to establish an accessible deletion mechanism under the DELETE Act (SB 362). The Act mandates the CPPA to create an accessible deletion mechanism, enabling Californians to request the deletion of their personal information from data brokers via a single request. The CPPA plans to develop the Data Broker Delete Requests and Opt-Out Platform (DROP), operational fr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "USDT inquiry into AI use in the financial services sector", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/Artificial-Intelligence-in-Financial-Services.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the Department of the Treasury released a report summarising responses to its Request for Information (RFI) on the Uses, Opportunities, and Risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Financial Services. The report highlights AI’s growing role in the financial sector, its potential benefits, and associated risks such as data privacy, bias, and third-party dependencies. The Treasury recommendations include promoting international and domestic collaboration to establish consis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Child Data Protection Act (SB 7695)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S7695/amendment/A", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Child Data Protection Act (SB 7695) was signed into law. The Bill aims to safeguard the privacy of children and young adults under the age of 18 by regulating digital services' use of their personal data. The Bill applies to any related activities occurring fully or partly within the New York State. Furthermore, the Bill prevents online platforms from collecting, using, or disclosing any personal data of users under 18 without informed consent. In particular, the Bill man...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-06", "title": "Bill requiring warnings on generative artificial intelligence systems (SB 9450)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/node/12040005", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the New York Senate passed the Bill requiring warnings on generative artificial intelligence systems (SB 9450). The Bill amends the general business law to require warnings on generative artificial intelligence systems. The warnings must inform users that the outputs from these systems could be inaccurate or inappropriate. If operators fail to display these warnings, they could face a civil penalty of USD 25 per user or up to USD 100’000, with each year of non-compliance consi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-06", "title": "Act establishing New Jersey Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/S3357/bill-text?f=S3500&n=3357_I1", "description": "On 3 June 2024, the Bill establishing the New Jersey Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council (SB 3357) was introduced in the New Jersey legislature. The Bill aims to create a body within the Office of Information Technology to study and evaluate the procurement, development, and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) by state agencies. The council, comprising seven members including the Chief Technology Officer and appointees from the General Assembly, Senate, and public sector with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "title": "California AG investigation into Tilting Point over alleged children's data privacy violations", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-la-city-attorney-feldstein-soto-announce-500000", "description": "On 18 June 2024, the California Attorney General (AG) and Los Angeles City Attorney announced a settlement with Tilting Point Media LLC (Tilting Point), addressing allegations of illegal data collection and sharing of children's data without parental consent through the mobile app game “SpongeBob: Krusty Cook-Off”. The settlement, amounting to USD 500’000 in civil penalties, mandates Tilting Point to adhere to injunctive terms for lawful data collection and disclosure practices. These include...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-01", "title": "Department of the Treasury rule implementing Executive Order Addressing United States Investments in Certain National Security Technologies and Products in Countries of Concern", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2690", "description": "On 2 January 2025, the Department of Treasury’s Final Rule in the matters of Executive Order (EO) No. 14105 addressing United States Investments in Certain National Security Technologies and Products in Countries of Concern enters into force. The Executive Order (EO) empowers the US Treasury Secretary to reduce or forbid US investments in Chinese entities operating within three sectors, semiconductors and microelectronics, quantum information technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) sys...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "title": "Texas Data Privacy and Security Act Public Portal", "url": "https://dir.texas.gov/technology-legislation/texas-data-privacy-and-security-act-public-portal", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the Texas Department of Information Resources (DIR) closes the public consultation on the public portal for feedback on the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act. The Texas Data Privacy and Security Act, enacted through House Bill 4 in 2023, becomes effective on 1 July 2024, with section 3 mandating the DIR to establish an online portal where the public can submit feedback and suggest modifications to the Act. The Act regulates how certain businesses handle consumers' pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-11", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency rules establishing regulations for data broker registration authorised by the DELETE Act (SB 362)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20241108_2.html", "description": "On 8 November 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) Board adopted the data broker registration regulations under the DELETE Act (SB 362). The regulations will now be submitted to the Office of Administrative Law for review and approval. If approved, they are expected to come into effect by 1 January 2025. The regulations aim to address common questions and obstacles encountered by data brokers during the most recent registration period. Specifically, the regulations detail the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-07", "title": "Copyright protection regulation in Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act (COPIED ACT)", "url": "https://www.commerce.senate.gov/2024/7/cantwell-blackburn-heinrich-introduce-legislation-to-combat-ai-deepfakes-put-journalists-artists-songwriters-back-in-control-of-their-content", "description": "On 11 July 2024, the Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act (COPIED ACT) was introduced in the US Senate. The Act proposes federal transparency guidelines for labelling, authenticating, and detecting Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated content. It aims to establish safeguards for journalists, actors, and artists from the use of their work for artificial intelligence development purposes without consent and establish accountability measures for misconduc...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-07", "title": "Measures for synthetic content detection in Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act (COPIED ACT)", "url": "https://www.commerce.senate.gov/2024/7/cantwell-blackburn-heinrich-introduce-legislation-to-combat-ai-deepfakes-put-journalists-artists-songwriters-back-in-control-of-their-content", "description": "On 11 July 2024, the Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act (COPIED ACT) was introduced in the US Senate. The Act proposes federal transparency guidelines for labelling, authenticating, and detecting Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated content. It aims to establish safeguards for journalists, actors, and artists from the use of their work for artificial intelligence development purposes without consent and establish accountability measures for misconduc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-07", "title": "Department of Financial Services Insurance Guidance to combat discrimination in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr20240711241", "description": "On 11 July 2024, the Department of Financial Services of New York adopted the insurance guidance to combat discrimination in Artificial Intelligence aimed at safeguarding consumers from discriminatory practices. The guidance seeks to ensure responsible innovation without compromising consumer protection and emphasises that insurers utilising external consumer data and information sources (ECDIS) and AI systems (AIS) should implement appropriate governance and risk management frameworks. The g...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-07", "title": "FCC investigation into CaptionCall over alleged consumer privacy violations", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-settles-consumer-privacy-investigation-captioncall", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that it reached a settlement in the investigation into CaptionCall and its parent company, Sorenson Communications, for the unlawful retention of call content and submission of inaccurate information to the Telecommunications Relay Service (TRS) Fund Administrator. The investigation resulted in a Consent Decree mandating a comprehensive privacy and data protection program, enhanced compliance reporting, and a financial sett...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-08", "title": "FCC Rules on AI-generated Robocalls", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-404567A1.pdf", "description": "On 7 August 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Rule Protecting Consumers from Unwanted Artificial Intelligence Robocalls. If adopted, these rules would mandate that callers disclose their use of AI-generated calls. Specifically, the proposed rules would define what constitutes an AI-generated call and require callers to inform consumers when obtaining prior express consent that AI-generated calls will be used. Additionally, callers wou...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "Kids Online Safety and Privacy Act (KOSPA)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2073/text", "description": "On 3 January 2025, the 188th Congress concluded without the passage of the Kids Online Safety and Privacy Act (S.2073) in the House of Representatives, leading to its rejection. The bill had previously passed the US Senate. The Act would have applied to digital platforms, particularly those with more than 10 million active monthly users in the US that predominantly provide community forums or user-generated content, and would have required the platforms to mitigate the risks of harm posed to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "title": "NYAG Regulations enforcing the New York Child Data Protection Act", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/resources/individuals/consumer-issues/technology/protecting-children-online#_ftnref2", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the Attorney General of New York closes a public consultation on the regulations enforcing the Child Data Protection Act (CDPA). The CDPA applies to operators of websites, online services, online applications, mobile applications, and connected devices that process data linked to minors under 18 years old, setting out the permitted purposes for processing the personal information of minors, setting out the conditions for informed consent, and prohibiting the sale of mino...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "SEC Joint Data Standards under Financial Data Transparency Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-93", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) closes its public consultation on the proposal for joint data standards under the Financial Data Transparency Act of 2022. The proposal, which involves collaboration with eight other agencies, including the Federal Reserve, aims to enhance the interoperability of financial regulatory data. Furthermore, the proposed joint data standards focus on several key areas. Firstly, they aim to standardise identifiers for entities, geogr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Generative artificial intelligence: training data transparency bill (AB-2013)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013", "description": "On 1 January 2026, Assembly Bill No. 2013 regarding Generative artificial intelligence: training data transparency is implemented. The Bill defines generative AI as artificial intelligence which can create synthetic content such as text, images, video, and audio based on its training data. This Bill mandates that, by 1 January 2026, developers of generative artificial intelligence systems or services released after 1 January 2022 must publish documentation on their websites detailing the data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Amendment to the Definition of Personal Information in the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (AB 1008)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1008", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the amendment to the Definition of Personal Information in the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (AB 1008) comes into force. The amendment specifies that personal information can exist in various formats, including physical formats, digital formats, and abstract digital formats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Bill (AB-2885)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVersionsCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2885", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Bill (AB-2885) is implemented, amending several sections of the Business and Professions Code, Education Code, and Government Code. The Bill alters the definition of AI in relation to aspects of technological policy within the state. The core of the Bill is the establishment of a comprehensive definition of AI, described as an engineered or machine-based system with varying levels of autonomy that infers from received inputs how to generate outpu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-09", "title": "Lawsuit against 23andMe over alleged non-compliance with cybersecurity regulations", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.428003/gov.uscourts.cand.428003.103.2.pdf", "description": "On 5 September 2024, the San Francico Federal Court approved the settlement in the lawsuit against 23andMe over non-compliance with cybersecurity regulations. The lawsuit was initiated due to a security incident announced by 23andMe in October 2023, in which the company discovered that the personal data of approximately 6.4 million US customers had been accessed without authorisation. Multiple class action lawsuits were filed, accusing 23andMe of failing to protect personal information adequa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-24", "title": "US-Vietnam Cybersecurity Cooperation", "url": "https://bocongan.gov.vn/thong-tin-doi-ngoai/viet-nam--hoa-ky-day-manh-hop-tac-phong-chong-toi-pham-su-dung-cong-nghe-cao-t41482.html", "description": "On 24 September 2024, the United States and Vietnam announced a declaration to enhance their cooperation in preventing and combating high-tech crimes. Both parties agreed to intensify the exchange of delegations at all levels to share insights on cyber threats, cybercrime tactics, and effective investigative and response strategies. They also agreed to establish a more robust cooperation mechanism for timely information exchange and coordination in addressing cybersecurity emergencies and com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-24", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act of 2024 (Bill No. S.5152)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5152?s=1&r=1", "description": "On 24 September 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act of 2024 was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act seeks to regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms used in decisions in various sectors including employment, banking, healthcare, criminal justice and public services. The Act applies to developers and deployers of such AI algorithms, prohibiting those that discriminate based on protected characteristics or cause disparate impacts. The Act mandates independent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "NIST AI Cybersecurity and Privacy Program", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/managing-cybersecurity-and-privacy-risks-age-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 19 September 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced the establishment of a new program focused on the cybersecurity and privacy of artificial intelligence (AI) and the use of AI for cybersecurity and privacy purposes. This new program would address the emerging risks and challenges posed by the widespread adoption of AI technologies across various sectors. The program will leverage NIST's existing expertise, research, and publications to improve standards...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "Kids Online Safety Act 2024 (HR 7891)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7891/text", "description": "On 3 January 2025, the Kids Online Safety Act of 2024 was rejected after failing to pass before the 118th Congress adjourned. The Act would have required social media platforms must offer minors options to safeguard their data, turn off addictive features, and opt out of algorithm-based recommendations, with the strongest privacy settings enabled by default. Additionally, the Act would have required platforms to provide parents with tools to report harmful behaviour, establish an obligation f...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Rytr for allegedly generating false reviews with AI-powered tools", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/12/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-rytr-final-order-response-trump-administrations-ai-action-plan?utm_campaign=ftc_reopens_and_sets_asid&utm_content=1766427978&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook,linkedin,twitter", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) set aside its prior ruling in a lawsuit against Rytr LLC for allegedly generating false reviews with AI-powered tools. Following review, the FTC concluded the original order would have unduly burdened AI development, contravening the Trump Administration's Executive Order 14179, \"Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence\" and 2025 AI Action Plan. The order would have banned Rytr LLC from advertising, marketing, ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-10", "title": "Public lawsuit against TikTok over violations of the Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment Act (SCOPE Act)", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-sues-tiktok-sharing-minors-personal-data-violation-texas-parental", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the Attorney General of Texas (AG) initiated legal proceedings against TikTok in a public lawsuit. The lawsuit alleges that TikTok has violated the Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment (SCOPE) Act. In accordance with the provisions of the SCOPE Act, social media platforms such as TikTok are precluded from disseminating, disclosing, or selling a minor's personal information without the express consent of the minor's parent or legal guardian, as well as requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-27", "title": "FCC investigation into T-Mobile for alleged data breaches", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-24-860A1.pdf", "description": "On 27 September 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a consent decree with T-Mobile to resolve its investigation into various data breaches by the company. FCC noted that T-Mobile experienced data breaches in 2021, 2022, and 2023, affecting customers of wireless service resellers that utilise T-Mobile's network as mobile virtual network operators. The breaches exposed sensitive customer information, including names, dates of birth, social security numbers, and customer p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "FCC's Privacy and Data Protection Task Force partnerships with ten state Attorneys General", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-406791A1.pdf", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Privacy and Data Protection Task Force announced partnerships with ten state Attorneys General, expanding efforts to protect consumer privacy, data, and cybersecurity. These partnerships include agreements with the Attorneys General of Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, Delaware, and Indiana, joining previous partners such as Connecticut, New York, and Illinois. The partnerships enable collaboration concerning investigations, resou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-10", "title": "ASEAN-India joint statement on advancing digital transformation", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/9.-2024-ASEAN-India-Joint-Statement-on-Advancing-Digital-Transformation-FINAL.pdf", "description": "On 10 October 2024, member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and India adopted a joint statement on advancing digital transformation. The statement focuses on digital public infrastructure, financial technology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence (AI), capacity building, and sustainable financing. The statement includes commitments to enhancing collaboration in digital public infrastructure for regional development, financial technology for cross-border payment solutio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-29", "title": "FCC and CPPA Memorandum of Understanding on Consumer Privacy and Data Protection", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-announces-partnership-california-privacy-protection-agency", "description": "On 29 October 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to formalise cooperation on privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity enforcement matters. The MoU establishes a partnership that allows both agencies to coordinate efforts, share resources, and exchange expertise to strengthen consumer privacy protections. This agreement enables the FCC’s Privacy and Data Protection Task Force and CP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency investigation into Data Brokers compliance Delete Act (SB 362)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20241114.html", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) announced the settlement of its investigation into two data brokers, Growbots, Inc. and UpLead LLC, for failing to comply with the registration and fee payment requirements outlined in the Delete Act (SB 362). Both companies were fined for not registering with the California Data Broker Registry by the required deadline, with Growbots paying USD 35'400 and UpLead USD 34'400. The Act requires data brokers, defined as business...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "NIST-DOE memorandum of understanding on advanced artificial intelligence models", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/10/commerce-department-and-doe-sign-memorandum-understanding-advance-safe", "description": "On 30 October 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced a memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed with the Department of Energy (EOE) to collaborate on safety research, testing, and evaluation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models and systems. The MoU applies to sectors involved in AI research and development, particularly those focusing on public safety, critical infrastructure, and energy security. It imposes obligations on the parties to conduct j...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "DHS roles and responsibilities framework for Artificial Intelligence in critical infrastructure", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2024-11/24_1114_dhs_ai-roles-and-responsibilities-framework-508.pdf", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) adopted the roles and responsibilities framework for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in critical infrastructure. The framework provides voluntary guidelines for cloud and compute infrastructure providers, AI developers, and critical infrastructure owners and operators. The framework focuses on enhancing the safety and security of AI systems across the US's sixteen critical infrastructure sectors, including manufacturing, financial se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-13", "title": "Bill relating to artificial intelligence mental health services (HB 1265)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB1265", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Bill relating to artificial intelligence mental health services (HB 1265) was introduced in the Texas House of Representatives. The Bill proposes a regulatory framework for delivering mental health services through artificial intelligence (AI) applications. It specifies that only commission-approved AI applications may be utilised, with licensed mental health professionals supervising the services. The Bill mandates professional oversight in specific circumstances, in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "AIS-CISA memorandum of understanding on cooperation on network information security", "url": "https://soc.gov.vn/news/cuc-attt-va-cisa-ky-ket-bien-ban-ghi-nho-hop-tac-trong-linh-vuc-an-toan-thong-tin-mang.187/", "description": "On 14 November 2024, the Department of Information Security (AIS) of Vietnam and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) of the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in cyber security. Under the MoU, the parties agreed to cooperate and share information to ensure the resilience of the critical digital infrastructure and manage evolving cyber threats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Services Bill (AB 3030)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3030", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Services Bill enters into force. The Bill applies to healthcare providers, including hospitals, clinics, and private practices, using generative artificial intelligence (AI) for clinical communications. The Bill requires AI-generated content to include disclaimers notifying patients it was created by AI and providing instructions for contacting a human healthcare provider. The Bill excludes communications approved by licensed profe...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-25", "title": "Transparency and Responsibility for Artificial Intelligence Networks Act (TRAIN Act/ SB 5379)", "url": "https://www.welch.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TRAIN-Act-Welch.pdf", "description": "On 21 November 2024, the Transparency and Responsibility for Artificial Intelligence Networks Act (TRAIN Act/ SB 5379) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act applies to developers and deployers of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, including those used to produce synthetic content like text, images, and audio. The Act aims to protect creators such as musicians, artists, and writers. The Act allows copyright holders to access training records of AI models via subpoen...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-12", "title": "Utah Office of Artificial Intelligence Regulatory Mitigation Agreement with ElizaChat", "url": "https://blog.commerce.utah.gov/2024/12/02/news-release-utah-department-of-commerces-office-of-artificial-intelligence-announces-first-regulatory-mitigation-agreement/", "description": "On 2 December 2024, the Utah Office of Artificial Intelligence (OAIP) signed a regulatory mitigation agreement with ElizaChat, a developer of an app aimed at improving teenage students' mental wellness through AI. This agreement outlines ElizaChat's commitment to adhering to data privacy standards, promoting positive mental health practices, and ensuring adult supervision in sensitive situations. It mandates ElizaChat to establish a robust internal safety protocol for escalating severe cases ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "FTC investigation into Gravy Analytics and Venntel over alleged collection and sale of sensitive location data without verifiable user consent", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-finalizes-order-prohibiting-gravy-analytics-venntel-selling-sensitive-location-data", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a finalised order prohibiting Gravy Analytics and its subsidiary Venntel from selling, disclosing or using sensitive location data, except in limited circumstances involving national security or law enforcement. This ruling follows an investigation into the companies' practices of collecting and selling precise consumer location data without verifiable consent, including data related to visits to healthcare facilities, places of wo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "FCC investigation into voice service providers for non-compliance with the Robocall Mitigation Database", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-408083A1.pdf", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that 2'411 voice service providers failed to properly file entries in the Robocall Mitigation Database (RMD), and need to provide evidence for why their entries should not be removed. The RMD monitors compliance with rules to prevent illegal robocalls from reaching consumers. Voice service providers are required to file a certification with the RMD to demonstrate their implementation of the STIR/SHAKEN authentication f...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "Health and Location Data Protection Act of 2024 (S 5462)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5462/text", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Health and Location Data Protection Act of 202, prohibiting data brokers from selling and transferring certain sensitive data (S 5462), was introduced to the Senate of the United States. The Act would prohibit data brokers from selling and transferring sensitive data, specifically location and health data. In particular, the Act would render the sale, resale, licensing, trading, transfer, sharing, or provision of location data, health data, and other categories of da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-13", "title": "Bill on Artificial Intelligence Technology (Bill No. SB-11)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB11", "description": "On 13 September 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology Bill was adopted by the legislature of California. The Bill includes provisions to regulate the use of AI and synthetic content, addressing concerns over impersonation, transparency, and legal protections. The Bill's measures include criminal liability for using synthetic content to impersonate others and a requirement for AI providers to issue consumer warnings about potential civil or criminal liability for misuse. It also in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-17", "title": "House Task Force inquiry into Artificial Intelligence development", "url": "https://republicans-science.house.gov/_cache/files/a/a/aa2ee12f-8f0c-46a3-8ff8-8e4215d6a72b/E4AF21104CB138F3127D8FF7EA71A393.ai-task-force-report-final.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the House of Representatives Bipartisan Task Force on Artificial Intelligence published a report outlining 66 findings and 89 recommendations to guide United States (US) artificial intelligence (AI) policy. The report covers issues such as government use of AI, data privacy, national security, intellectual property, and small business adoption. It emphasises fostering AI innovation, mitigating risks, and ensuring regulatory frameworks are agile and sector-specific. Recomm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Bill (HB 149) enters into force. The Bill establishes the Texas Artificial Intelligence Council under Chapter 554 of the Business and Commerce Code. The Council is tasked with overseeing artificial intelligence governance in the state without possessing rulemaking or enforcement authority. Its responsibilities include identifying legal and regulatory barriers to innovation, evaluating the societal and public safety impact o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Performance monitoring requirements in Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Bill (HB 149) enters into force. The Bill introduces performance monitoring requirements for artificial intelligence systems through several institutional mechanisms. The Attorney General may issue civil investigative demands to request information on system purpose, training data, output categories, performance metrics, and post-deployment safeguards when investigating complaints. The Bill mandates that participants in the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-02", "title": "FTC investigation into accessiBe over alleged misrepresentation of AI-powered web accessibility tool", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/06/2024-31765/accessibe-analysis-of-proposed-consent-order-to-aid-public-comment#print", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) closes a public consultation of the consent order against accessiBe over misrepresentation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered web accessibility tool. The order highlighted that accessiBe markets accessWidget, a web accessibility software, claimed that it can make any website compliant with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). However, these claims were false, misleading, or unsubstantiated, as accessWidget did not ensure all ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "title": "Attorney General lawsuit against TikTok for alleged violations of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-sues-tiktok-deceptively-promoting-its-app-safe-children-despite", "description": "On 9 January 2025, the Attor­ney Gen­er­al of Texas announced the filing of a lawsuit against TikTok and its affiliated companies alleging violations of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act (DTPA), as outlined in the Business and Commerce Code. The petition asserts that TikTok has engaged in false, misleading, and deceptive practices by misrepresenting the nature and extent of mature content on its platform, including profanity, sexual content, violence, and drug and al...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "title": "Smart Device Data Collection Transparency Act (SB 276)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB726", "description": "On 7 January 2025, the Smart Device Data Collection Transparency Act (SB 276) was introduced into the Texas Senate. The Act would require smart device operators to develop a mobile application providing users with detailed information on personal data collection, storage, and sharing practices. Operators must also notify users quarterly about the availability of the application and its features for managing data collection preferences. If passed, the Act would take effect on 1 September 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Bill on increasing transparency in Artificial Intelligence (HB 1168)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1168&Year=2025&Initiative=false", "description": "On 6 January 2025, Bill 1168 on increasing transparency in Artificial Intelligence, was introduced in the Washington House of Representatives, proposing new transparency requirements for developers of generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The bill would mandate that developers publicly disclose detailed documentation about the datasets used to train generative AI systems before making them available to the public. This includes information on data sources, types, and modifications,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Act on informing users when content is developed or modified by artificial intelligence (HB 1170)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1170&Initiative=false&Year=2025", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Act on informing users when content is developed or modified by artificial intelligence (HB 1170) was introduced into the Washington House of Representatives. The Act would mandate that covered providers of generative AI systems with over 1,000,000 monthly users must offer free AI detection tools to users. These tools must allow users to verify whether image, video, or audio content was created or altered by AI and provide system provenance data without disclosing perso...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau inquiry into regulatory framework for financial data privacy protections", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/notice-opportunities-comment/open-notices/request-for-information-regarding-the-collection-use-and-monetization-of-consumer-payment-and-other-personal-financial-data/", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) closes its consultation on the inquiry into how providers of consumer financial products or services collect, use, share, and protect personal financial data. The consultation seeks comments on the effectiveness of existing regulations, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and ways in which regulations could be strengthened. It also asks for the types of data the CFPB should routinel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "Executive Order on providing access to federal sites for AI infrastructure", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/14/statement-by-president-biden-on-the-executive-order-on-advancing-u-s-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence-infrastructure/", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the President issued an Executive Order to accelerate the development of AI infrastructure on federal sites owned by the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy. This initiative enables private sector-led construction of large-scale data centres and clean energy facilities, ensuring competitiveness, security, and sustainability in AI development. The Order aims to prioritise rapid permitting, clean energy integration, and transmission upgrades to support infrast...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "title": "Act establishing safeguards for the development of artificial intelligence frontier models (SB 53)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "description": "On 7 January 2025, a Bill establishing safeguards for the development of artificial intelligence (AI) frontier models (SB 53) was introduced to the California Senate. The Bill incorporates findings from the Governor’s Joint California Policy Working Group on AI Frontier Models and aligns with current requirements for the Department of Technology to assess high-risk automated decision systems used by state agencies. The Bill's objectives include establishing ethical and safety standards for ad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "South Carolina Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (H 3400)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=3400&session=126&summary=B", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Child Data Privacy and Protection Act was introduced to the South Carolina House of Representatives to regulate the collection, retention, processing, and sale of children’s personal data by online entities. The Act mandates data protection impact assessments, privacy-by-default settings, parental consent for targeted advertising, and restrictions on collecting data for non-essential purposes. It also requires entities to display clear privacy policies, provide account...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "South Carolina Age-Appropriate Design Act (H 3402)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=3402&session=126&summary=B", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (H 3402) was introduced to the House of Representatives of South Carolina to regulate how online services, products, and features accessible to children are designed and managed. The Act requires covered entities to complete data protection impact assessments, ensure privacy-by-default settings, and prohibit practices such as profiling children without safeguards or processing data beyond what is necessary. It defines covered entities as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "Amendment to the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act for Protections for Children (SB 783)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/SB783", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the \"Consumer Data Protection Act Amendment for Protections for Children\" (SB 783) was introduced to the Virginia Senate to enhance protections for minors under the Consumer Data Protection Act. The bill requires controllers and processors to obtain verifiable parental consent before registering minors for services, collecting, using, or disclosing their personal data. It also mandates that parents or guardians be allowed to consent to data collection and usage without co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-26", "title": "New Hampshire House Bill 195 on the expectation of privacy in the collection and use of personal information (HB 195)", "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_status.aspx?lsr=246&sy=2025&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2025&txtbillnumber=HB195", "description": "On 26 March 2025, House Bill 195, an Act relative to the expectation of privacy in the collection and use of personal information (HB 195), was passed by the New Hampshire House of Representatives to regulate the collection, retention, and use of personal information, including biometric data. The Bill establishes that individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy in personal information held by third-party providers, such as telecommunications, internet, utility, and financial service...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "Act to ensure accountability and transparency in artificial intelligence systems (HD 396)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD396", "description": "On 8 January 2025, the Act to ensure accountability and transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) systems (Bill HD 396) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act focuses on AI systems that influence decisions in areas including education, employment, financial services, housing, healthcare, insurance, and legal services. It imposes responsibilities on developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems, including risk management, documentation, and consumer notification requirem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Executive Order on strengthening and promoting innovation in cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2025/01/16/executive-order-on-strengthening-and-promoting-innovation-in-the-nations-cybersecurity/", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the President issued an Executive Order on Strengthening and Promoting Innovation in the Nation’s Cybersecurity, outlining measures to enhance the resilience and security of the United States’ digital infrastructure. Building on prior initiatives, the order targets key vulnerabilities by mandating secure software development practices, improving supply chain risk management, and enhancing the cybersecurity of federal communications and space systems. It includes provisions...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-21", "title": "FTC investigation into GoDaddy for alleged misrepresentations of cybersecurity vulnerabilities in web-hosting services", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/05/ftc-finalizes-order-godaddy-over-data-security-failures?utm_campaign=ftc_finalizes_order_with_&utm_content=1747840320&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalised an order with web hosting provider GoDaddy, resolving allegations that the company misled consumers by failing to implement adequate data security protections, resulting in multiple breaches. The FTC's complaint, initially issued on 15 January 2025, alleged that GoDaddy lacked standard security measures such as multi-factor authentication, threat monitoring, and secure data connections, despite advertising \"award-winning security,\" ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security rule on addition of entities to and revision of entry on entity list", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/16/2025-00704/addition-of-entities-to-and-revision-of-entry-on-the-entity-list", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) adopted a final rule adding 11 Chinese entities to the Entity List under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). The entities, including Beijing Zhipu Huazhang Technology and Beijing Keyi Hongyuan Optoelectronics, are involved in artificial intelligence (AI) research and semiconductor development, which the United States government determined to be contrary to national security and foreign policy interests. A license will be r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Department of Homeland Security inquiry into use of face recognition and face capture technologies", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/publication/026-11-implementation-2024-report-select-use-cases-face-recognition", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) published a report on the use of Face Recognition and Face Capture (FR/FC) technologies aimed at automating identity verification during travel and assisting in law enforcement investigations. The report highlights that all uses of these technologies must undergo rigorous testing to prevent bias, with citizens granted the right to opt out for non-law enforcement purposes. Additionally, oversight bodies within DHS, inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-17", "title": "Policy recommendations for artificial intelligence governing authorities in Expanded ASEAN Guide of AI Governance and Ethics", "url": "https://asean.org/book/expanded-asean-guide-on-ai-governance-and-ethics-generative-ai/", "description": "On 17 January 2025, during the 5th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Digital Ministers adopted the Expanded Guide on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Governance and Ethics. This guide builds on the 2024 ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics by addressing additional challenges and opportunities presented by generative AI. It also provides policy recommendations across ecosystem dimensions, including trusted development and deployment, incident reporting, and content provenance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security rule on export licensing requirements for advanced computing semiconductors and related technologies", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/commerce-strengthens-restrictions-advanced-computing-semiconductors-enhance-foundry?mc_cid=5d1f4b7bdb", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the United States Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) introduced export licensing requirements for advanced computing semiconductors and related technologies. These requirements are designed to restrict access to advanced semiconductors for foreign actors who may undermine US security, including actors with links to the People's Republic of China(PRC). The updates require chip manufacturing and packaging companies to confirm that their exports co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-17", "title": "FTC and DoJ lawsuit against Cognosphere (owner of Genshin impact) over alleged violations of the COPPA rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/genshin-impact-game-developer-will-be-banned-selling-lootboxes-teens-under-16-without-parental", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice (DoJ) issued a proposed order requiring Cognosphere Pte. Ltd and Cognosphere LLC (Cognosphere), makers of the video game Genshin Impact, to pay USD 20 million and implement changes to address violations of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The FTC and DoJ found that Cognosphere knowingly collected personal data from children under 13 without obtaining verifiable parental consent, including sha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Act regulating the use of artificial intelligence in utilisation reviews conducted for health benefit plans (SB 815)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB815", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Act regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health insurance utilisation reviews for health benefit plans (SB 815) was introduced to the Senate of Texas. The Act prohibits utilisation review agents from using AI-based algorithms as the sole basis for decisions to deny, delay or modify healthcare services based on medical necessity or appropriateness. Only licensed physicians or healthcare providers can make such determinations. Additionally, the Texas Com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Prohibition of unacceptable risk AI systems in the Oklahoma Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act (HB 1916)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1916&Session=2500", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act (HB 1916) was introduced to the Oklahoma House of Representatives, aimed at regulating the use and development of artificial intelligence (AI) within the state. The Bill categorises AI systems into four risk levels (unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal). The Bill prohibits \"unacceptable risk\" AI systems, that are assessed to violate social values or fundamental rights, including the use of AI for social scoring, manipulative...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "Illinois Age Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 0050)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=50&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=114&GA=104", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Age Appropriate Design Code Act was introduced at Illinois Senate. The Act mandates that all covered entities operating in Illinois and processing children's data must align their practices with the best interests of children. The Act seeks to impose stricter data protection requirements on online services accessed by children. It requires covered entities operating in Illinois and processing children's data to conduct and document data protection impact assessments. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (Bill No. SB0051)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=0051&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=&SessionID=114&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=104", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Age-Appropriate Design Code Act was introduced to the Illinois Senate. The Act requires businesses providing online services, products, or features with a high probability of being accessed by children to conduct data protection impact assessments. These assessments are to be completed by 1 July 2026 for services available before this date and biennially reviewed thereafter. The Act stipulates penalties for non-compliance, including civil penalties of up to USD 2500 pe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-16", "title": "Act to protect minors from harmful depictions generated by Artificial Intelligence (LD 230)", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?paper=HP0153&SessionID=16", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Act to protect minors from harmful depictions generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) (LD 230) was introduced to the Maine House of Representatives. The Act mandates that any use or display of a minor's picture, image, or likeness in an advertisement must have written permission from the minor's parent or guardian. The Act prohibits the use of AI-generated images of specific minors in advertisements. It grants a private right of action for minors or their parents or ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act in HB 2250", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2250", "description": "On 7 January 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act in HB 2250 was introduced in the Virginia General Assembly. The Act, which amends the Code of Virginia to add Chapter no. 58, stipulates that AI developers must publicly disclose descriptions of the datasets used to train their models, including the sources, ownership, and whether the data is copyrighted or personal. AI developers must disclose how such data is managed. The Act also requires AI system developers to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "Bill on Law enforcement usage of Artificial Intelligence (SB 180)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/SB0180.html", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the Bill on law enforcement usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) was introduced at the Senate of Utah. The bill requires law enforcement agencies to establish a policy on their use of generative AI. The bill mandates that agencies specify approved AI technologies, permissible applications, and the obligation for officers to review AI-generated content. Any police report or law enforcement record created wholly or partially with AI must include a disclaimer and a certifica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-15", "title": "Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Artificial Intelligence action plan", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/06/2025-02305/request-for-information-on-the-development-of-an-artificial-intelligence-ai-action-plan", "description": "On 15 March 2025, the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) and the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) closes a public consultation on the development of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Plan. The Plan would be formulated as mandated by Executive Order 14179 on removing barriers to American leadership in Artificial Intelligence. The Plan aims to sustain and enhance US AI leadership while minimising regulatory burdens on private-sector innovat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "STABLE Act of 2025 (SB 394)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/394", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the Stablecoin Transparency and Accountability for a Better Ledger Economy Act (STABLE Act/SB 394) was introduced into the US Congress. The Act establishes a regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, mandating issuers maintain 1:1 reserves, undergo federal or state oversight, and follow transparency and consumer protection measures. The issuance of stablecoins is restricted to approved banking institutions, credit unions, or regulated non-bank entities, with federal ag...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "Youth Social Media Regulation Act", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/ag/press-releases/2025-press-releases/attorney-general-tong-announces-legislation-to-combat-youth-social-media-addiction", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the Connecticut Attorney General, along with members of the General Law Committee, announced a legislative initiative to regulate the exposure of social media platforms to minors in Connecticut. The legislation seeks to impose restrictions on platforms by requiring parental consent for exposure to potentially addictive algorithms and notifications. In addition, the proposal would establish default privacy and usage settings, limit late-night notifications, and limit socia...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Establishing Mississippi Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AIR) Task Force (HB 1535 / SB 2426)", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2025/pdf/history/HB/HB1535.xml", "description": "On 11 February 2025, a bill to establish an Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AIR) Task Force was passed by the Mississippi Senate and will proceed to the House of Representatives for further consideration. The Task Force, comprising seven voting members including state government officials and industry experts, will be responsible for reviewing AI regulations in the state, balancing innovation and public interest, and risk mitigation. In addition, the Task Force will oversee the design, te...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Copyright Protection Regulation for AI Training Data (AB 412)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB412", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the Copyright Protection Regulation for AI Training Data (AB 412) was introduced to the State Assembly. The Bill requires developers of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems to document and disclose copyrighted materials used to train the systems before making them publicly available in California. It also requires developers to provide copyright owners with a list of their materials within seven days of a request, with daily fines for violations. If a copyrig...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Consumer Information and Data Protection Act (HB 410)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legtype=B&legno=410&year=25", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the Consumer Information and Data Protection Act was introduced to the New Mexico House of Representatives. The Act establishes data privacy protections for consumers by setting requirements for businesses that collect, process, or store personal data. It mandates clear disclosures on data collection practices, grants consumers the right to access, correct, and delete their personal information, and restricts the sale of data without explicit consent. The Act also imposes...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Bill amending the California Business and Professions Code to include obligations for operators of companion chatbot platforms (Bill No. SB 243)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243", "description": "On 1 July 2027, the annual reporting obligations under the Law on Companion Chatbots (SB 243) enter into force, as established in Chapter 22.6 (commencing with Section 22601) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code. The law defines “companion chatbot” as an artificial intelligence system with a natural language interface capable of providing adaptive, human-like responses to user inputs and sustaining relationships across multiple interactions. It excludes chatbots used solely for ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "Child Data Privacy and Protection Act (Bill No. S 4600)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S4600", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the New York Child Data Privacy Protection Act was introduced to the New York Senate, aiming to enhance protections for minors' data in the digital environment. The Act addresses concerns about excessive data collection, targeted advertising, and online risks faced by children under 18 years old. It would require online services providing services to minors to conduct data protection impact assessments, adopt privacy-by-default settings, and prohibit targeted digital adve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "Executive memorandum on defending American companies and innovators from overseas extortion and unfair fines and penalties", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-issues-directive-to-prevent-the-unfair-exploitation-of-american-innovation/", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the United States President signed the “memorandum to defend American companies and innovators from overseas extortion” including direction for Digital Service Tax investigations. The memorandum directs the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to renew and expand investigations into digital service taxes (DSTs) imposed by foreign governments. These DSTs apply to American companies operating abroad without consideration for local jurisdiction. The memorandum outlines...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 1023)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/SB1023", "description": "On 18 February 2025, the Consumer Data Protection Act failed to pass the Virginia House, as it remained in the House Committee on Communications, Technology, and Innovation without further action. The Act seeks to amend S 59.1-578 of the Code of Virginia, expanding data controller responsibilities under the Consumer Data Protection Act, specifically prohibiting data controllers from selling or offering for sale precise geolocation data concerning consumers. The Act outlines obligations for da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Data protection regulation in Act concerning Social Media and Online Services, Products, and Features (SB 1295)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB01295&which_year=2025", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Act Concerning Social Media Platforms and Online Services, Products and Features enters fully into force. The Act, which entered into effect on 1 July 2025, established a grace period during which regulated entities were expected to prepare for compliance. The Act required owners of social media platforms to incorporate an online safety centre by 1 January 2026, providing resources for preventing cyberbullying, enabling access to mental health services, offering behavi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-19", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill on high-risk artificial intelligence systems (SB 468)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB468", "description": "On 19 February 2025, a Bill on high-risk artificial intelligence systems, including data protection obligations for businesses deploying high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems that process personal information in California, was introduced to the California Senate. The Bill proposes amendments to the California Civil Code, requiring covered AI deployers to implement information security programmes to protect personal information. It defines \"covered deployers\" as companies that use hi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-06", "title": "Bill on automated decision systems (AB 1018)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1018", "description": "On 2 June 2025, the Bill on automated decision systems (ADS) was passed by the California State Assembly. The Bill applies to developers and deployers of ADS in areas including employment, education, housing, healthcare, finance, criminal justice, elections, government benefits, utilities, and internet access. The Bill requires developers to conduct performance evaluations and impact assessments, share summaries with deployers, and maintain records for five years. It also requires deployers t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Data protection requirement in Act regulating Artificial Intelligence systems (Bill No. SB 199)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12246/Overview", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Act regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems was introduced to the Nevada Senate. The Act establishes regulations concerning the use of AI systems across various sectors. AI companies must register with the Bureau of Consumer Protection within the Office of the Attorney General and provide details on the data they store, including the locations where such data is maintained. Financial institutions and insurers are also prohibited from using customer data to tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "US Copyright Office on copyright and artificial intelligence Part 2: Copyrightability", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-2-Copyrightability-Report.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the US Copyright Office published a report entitled \"Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Part 2: Copyrightability\", which examines the legal and policy aspects of copyright protection for works created using generative AI. The report follows a public consultation held in August 2023. It states that US copyright law requires human authorship, meaning that works created solely by AI are not eligible for copyright protection. The report distinguishes between AI as a tool, w...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-11", "title": "Privacy Protection Agency investigation into Growbots over alleged non-compliance with registration requirements under Delete Act", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20241114.html", "description": "On 8 November 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) announced the settlement of its investigation into Growbots for failing to comply with the registration and fee payment requirements outlined in the Delete Act (SB 362). Growbots was fined USD 35,400 for not registering with the California Data Broker Registry by the required deadline. The Act requires data brokers, defined as businesses that collect and sell consumers' personal information without direct interaction, to regi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Prohibition of services in Act regulating Artificial Intelligence systems (Bill No. SB 199)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12246/Overview", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Act regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, including prohibition of services, was introduced to the Nevada Senate. The Act establishes regulations concerning using AI systems across various sectors. The Act imposes restrictions on the use of AI-generated content in specific services. AI-generated images of individuals may not be used to provide services where a natural person is contractually required. The Act also provides that teachers in public schools a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "title": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations joint statement on cooperation in the field of Artificial Intelligence in defence sector", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/api/file/getfile/Joint%20Statement.pdf?path=/sgpcmedia/media_releases/mindef/press_release/P-20250226-2/attachment/Joint%20Statement.pdf", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Defence Ministers of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted the joint statement on cooperation in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the defence sector. The statement affirms commitment to responsible and accountable AI use while ensuring human control over the use of force in line with international law. The statement emphasises enhancing ASEAN defence establishments’ technological capabilities and fostering capacity-building through kn...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Transparency requirements in Act on frontier artificial intelligence models and whistleblower protections (SB 53)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (SB 53) enters into force. The Law applies to frontier developers and large frontier developers of foundation models, including those with annual revenue above USD 500 million and models trained with computing power exceeding a certain threshold. The Law requires large frontier developers to publish and annually update a frontier AI framework, issue transparency reports before deploying new or substantially modified f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "ASEAN Responsible AI Roadmap 2025-2030", "url": "https://asean.org/book/asean-responsible-ai-roadmap-2025-2030/", "description": "On 5 March 2025, the ASEAN Roadmap on Responsible AI 2025-2030 was adopted. The roadmap aims to guide ASEAN policymakers and stakeholders in fostering an environment conducive to the responsible development and deployment of AI within the member states by 2030. It offers tailored, actionable steps to create enabling conditions for responsible AI, considering each member state's unique needs and capabilities. The Roadmap complements existing AI governance efforts, such as the ASEAN Guide on AI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Attorney General investigation into Saturn Technologies on data protection of minors", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-announces-settlement-app-developer-failing-protect-young", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Attorney General of the State of New York announced a settlement with Saturn Technologies, the developer of the Saturn app used by high school students, following an investigation into its data protection practices. The app, which enables students to create personal calendars, message others, and share social media accounts, was intended to restrict interactions with users from the same high school. However, the investigation found that Saturn Technologies did not suffici...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency rules on data broker registration and accessible deletion mechanism", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/drop.html#:~:text=Preliminary%20Rulemaking%20Activities&text=That%20period%20is%20now%20closed,available%20via%20the%20links%20below.", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) closes the consultation on the modifications to the proposed regulation on the Accessible Deletion Mechanism under the Data Broker Registration framework in the Delete Act. The modified regulation requires data brokers to register annually, maintain a secure account on the central Delete Request and Opt-out Platform (DROP), and process deletion requests from California residents at least every 45 days. It was highlighted that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency investigation into Honda's compliance with Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250312.html", "description": "On 12 March 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency's Board issued a decision mandating American Honda Motor Co. to revise its business practices and pay a USD 632'500 fine for breaching the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The ruling follows an investigation by the Enforcement Division, highlighting Honda's excessive personal information requirements for exercising privacy rights, asymmetrical privacy management tools, and unauthorised information sharing with ad tech entities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Department of Justice inquiry into implementation of United States of America-United Kingdom Agreement on access to electronic data for countering serious crime", "url": "https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/25551978-doj-report-to-congress-on-us-uk-cloud-act-agreement/", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Department of Justice adopted a report on the implementation of the United States of America-United Kingdom Agreement on access to electronic data for countering serious crime. The report highlighted that law enforcement agencies in both countries can request electronic data directly from service providers to support serious crime investigations. A five-year review confirmed the UK’s continued compliance, despite new laws such as the Online Safety Act 2023 and amendmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security rule updating the Entity List with 12 new entities and outlining licensing requirements related to artificial intelligence tools and advanced computing capabilities which deemed a national security concern", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05427/additions-to-the-entity-list", "description": "On 25 March 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the United States Department of Commerce amended the Export Administration Regulations by adding twelve entities to the Entity List, including Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd., and Suma Technology Co., Ltd. The twelve organisations—eleven from the People's Republic of China and one from Taiwan—are subject to additional export licensing requirements for items under the Exp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Utah Digital Choice Act (HB 418)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0418.html", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Utah Digital Choice Act (HB 418) enters into force. The Bill establishes regulatory requirements governing the control, access, and transfer of personal data, including users' social graphs. It grants individuals specific data rights and requires social media companies to implement interoperability interfaces using open protocols, enabling data sharing between services with user consent. The Division of Consumer Protection is responsible for rulemaking and enforcement, wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Act revising the Genetic Information Privacy Act (SB 163)", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0005?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 4 March 2025, an Act revising the Genetic Information Privacy Act was adopted by the House of Representatives of Montana. The Act expands the scope of the Genetic Information Privacy Act to include neural neurotechnology data, defined as information generated by measuring the activity of an individual's central or peripheral nervous systems. The Act outlines the nature of neural data and its capacity to reflect information about health, mental states, and cognitive functions. It revises pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-24", "title": "Bill amending Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act including protection and sale requirements for sensitive data (SF 2940)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=Senate&f=SF2940&ssn=0&y=2025", "description": "On 24 March 2025, a bill to amend the Minnesota Consumer Privacy Act was introduced in the Senate (SF 2940). The Bill would categorise consumer health data as a form of sensitive data and establish requirements for its processing. It would prohibit the processing or disclosure of sensitive information without the consumer's explicit consent, and establish conditions for obtaining and administering such consent. The Bill would also introduce restrictions on the use of geofencing technology aro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Data protection regulation in Children's Online Safety Act (SB 722)", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S722", "description": "On 25 March 2025, the Children's Online Safety Act of 2025 (S.B. 722) was introduced to the North Carolina Senate. The Children's Online Safety Act would require covered platforms to default to the highest privacy settings for users who are likely to be children and to limit the collection of personal information to what is strictly necessary. The platforms would have to delete data when no longer needed, prohibit its use for commercial purposes unless essential, and implement a \"right to be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "Federal Trade Commission letter to consumers on 23andMe bankruptcy impact", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/03/federal-trade-commission-chairman-andrew-n-ferguson-issues-letter-23andme-bankruptcy-impact", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a letter concerning the bankruptcy proceedings of 23andMe. The letter raises concerns about the potential sale or transfer of sensitive consumer data, including genetic, health, and contact information. It underscores that 23andMe’s prior privacy commitments, such as not sharing identifiable genetic information without user consent, should continue to govern any asset transfer. The FTC referenced Section 363(b)(1) of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Aylo over GDPR infringements", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.gov.cy/dataprotection/dataprotection.nsf/All/8C4D25CE028CC72BC2258C5B0046E2B9?OpenDocument", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Cypriot Data Protection Authority concluded an investigation into Aylo Freesites Ltd (formerly Mindgeek) and imposed two administrative fines totalling EUR 58'400 for breaches of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The authority conducted an ex officio inspection at the company’s premises, which focused on cookie consent mechanisms, biometric data processing through third parties, data protection impact assessments, and data processing agreements. The investig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-04", "title": "Memorandum promoting rapid and responsible Artificial Intelligence adoption (No. M-25-21)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/M-25-21-Accelerating-Federal-Use-of-AI-through-Innovation-Governance-and-Public-Trust.pdf", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) adopted the Memorandum promoting rapid and responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption. The Memorandum applies to federal bodies developing, procuring or deploying AI technologies, particularly where there may be implications for privacy, civil rights or civil liberties. It redefines Chief AI Officers as AI advocates responsible for driving agency-wide adoption of lower-risk AI, mitigating risks linked to high-impact...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-04", "title": "Memorandum driving effective and efficient Artificial Intelligence acquisition (No. M-25-22)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/M-25-22-Driving-Efficient-Acquisition-of-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Government.pdf", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) adopted a Memorandum driving effective and efficient Artificial Intelligence (AI) acquisition. The Memorandum applies to public sector procurement of AI systems and services, affecting AI vendors supplying to the US government. It promotes a competitive American AI marketplace by prioritising the use of U.S.-developed solutions and aims to strengthen national security, economic competitiveness, and responsible AI use. Agen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Bill of 2025 (NO FAKES Bill of 2025)", "url": "https://www.blackburn.senate.gov/2025/4/technology/blackburn-coons-salazar-dean-colleagues-introduce-no-fakes-act-to-protect-individuals-and-creators-from-digital-replicas", "description": "On 9 April 2025, the Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Bill NO FAKES Bill/SB 1367) was reintroduced after failing to advance before the end of the previous legislative session, aiming to safeguard individuals' image, voice, and visual likeness from unauthorised digital replicas. Developed from a 2023 discussion draft with industry input, the Bill would take effect 180 days after becoming law. It establishes federal protections by granting individuals exclusive commer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-13", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Privacy Framework", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/04/nist-updates-privacy-framework-tying-it-recent-cybersecurity-guidelines#:~:text=A%20draft%20update%20to%20the,the%20document%20easier%20to%20use", "description": "On 13 June 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the consultation on the draft Updated Privacy Framework. The updated draft aims to address current privacy risk management needs, align with the recently updated NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, and enhance usability. The draft includes targeted revisions to the Core section, a new section on artificial intelligence (AI) and privacy risk management, and the relocation of use guidelines to an interactive online ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "Privacy regulators memorandum of understanding on data privacy enforcement", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20251008.html", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency announced that the states of Minnesota and New Hampshire joined the bipartisan Consortium of Privacy Regulators, announced in April 2025. The consortium coordinates the enforcement of state privacy laws across the United States. It affects businesses processing consumer data under state privacy laws. The consortium allows states to share expertise, align investigations, and strengthen rights including access, deletion, and opt-out.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Anti-Robocall Multistate Litigation Task Force investigation into telecom companies for allegedly transmitting illegal robocalls", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-puts-nine-companies-notice-transmitting-illegal-robocall", "description": "On 9 April 2025, the Anti-Robocall Multistate Litigation Task Force, a bipartisan coalition of 51 state attorneys general, issued warning letters to nine telecommunications companies, including All Access Telecom, Lingo Telecom, NGL Communications, Range, RSCom Ltd, Telcast Network, Telcentris (known as Voxox), ThinQ Technologies (known as Commio), and Global Net Holdings, for allegedly transmitting suspected illegal robocall traffic on their networks. This action follows a series of enforcem...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Click Profit for alleged misrepresentation of online sales opportunities", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/08/ftc-case-against-e-commerce-business-opportunity-scheme-its-operators-results-permanent-ban-industry", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Federal Trade Commission issued proposed orders against Click Profit, alleging that the company misrepresented potential earnings from an AI-driven online retail business model on platforms such as Amazon. The orders would permanently bar the defendants from participating in the sales, marketing, or operation of any business opportunity. They also prohibit making false claims regarding potential earnings, affiliations with other businesses, or the use of artificial inte...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-27", "title": "Federal Trade Commission public lawsuit against Cleo AI for deceptive advertising and subscription practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/cleo-ai-inc-ftc-v", "description": "On 27 March 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a stipulated settlement order with Cleo AI, Inc. in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. The order resolved allegations that Cleo AI had misrepresented the availability and timing of advertised cash advances and imposed obstacles to cancelling paid subscriptions. While the FTC filed the complaint and the proposed order simultaneously on 27 March, Cleo AI had signed the agreement on 11 March 2025. The company co...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "User protections in Bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25-318", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318) was introduced to the Colorado Senate, proposing expanded rights for consumers subject to high-risk AI systems. The Bill would clarify the rights of individuals affected by consequential decisions made or substantially influenced by such systems, including the right to receive clear explanations of the decision-making process. It would limit appeal rights to exclude adverse decisions that are time-limited or...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Non-discrimination requirement in bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25-318", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318) was introduced to the Colorado Senate, updating the state's approach to algorithmic discrimination in AI systems. The Bill redefines “algorithmic discrimination” to align it explicitly with violations of local, state, or federal anti-discrimination law, including the Colorado Anti-Discrimination Act and federal civil rights statutes. This clarification centres enforcement on legally recognised discrimination...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25-318", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Bill on Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protections (SB25-318) was introduced to the Colorado Senate, introducing revised regulatory obligations for developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems. The Bill assigns exclusive enforcement authority to the Colorado Attorney General, who is empowered to investigate and enforce compliance beginning 1 January 2027. It also establishes an affirmative defence framework, allowing developers and deployers to avoid enforcement if...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity%2520Information%2520Sharing%2520Act%2520of%25202015.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2026, the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (CISA) is scheduled to expire unless reauthorised by Congress. Enacted as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, the Law establishes a voluntary framework for the sharing of cyber threat indicators and defensive measures between private entities and the federal government. It authorises entities to monitor their own and others’ information systems (with consent) for cybersecurity purposes and to deploy defensive...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-05", "title": "Testing and Evaluation Systems for Trusted Artificial Intelligence (TEST) AI Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1633/all-info", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the Testing and Evaluation Systems for Trusted Artificial Intelligence (TEST AI Act/ SB 1633) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Bill aims to enhance national capacity for the testing and evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The objective is to support technological development, safeguard national interests, and promote public trust in AI applications. The Bill outlines a collaborative initiative between the National Institute of Standards and Techno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "US Copyright Office Report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Part 3: Generative AI Training", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-3-Generative-AI-Training-Report-Pre-Publication-Version.pdf", "description": "On 9 May 2025, the United States Copyright Office released a pre-publication version of Part 3 of its report on Copyright and Artificial Intelligence, focusing on Generative AI Training. The report examines the use of copyrighted works in the development of generative AI systems, offering both technical and legal analysis. It discusses machine learning processes, generative language models, the characteristics and acquisition of training data, phases of model training, memorisation risks, whe...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security industry guidance on preventing diversion of advanced computing integrated circuits", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/ai-counter-diversion-industry-guidance-may-13-2025.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) adopted industry guidance to prevent the unauthorised diversion of advanced computing integrated circuits (ICs) subject to export controls since October 2022. The guidance highlights the risk of ICs enabling military-intelligence and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) applications, particularly in China and Macau, and flags diversion tactics involving transhipment, disguised end users, and misuse of data centres. BIS provided a lis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Government access to data provisions in Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Cybersecurity%2520Information%2520Sharing%2520Act%2520of%25202015.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2026, the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (S.754) expires unless reauthorised by Congress. The expiration ends the Law’s provisions on government access to data, including the authorisation for private entities to share cyber threat indicators with the federal government and the requirement for automatic distribution to designated agencies. It also terminates associated data protection obligations, such as the removal of personal information not directly related to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-04", "title": "Bill establishing criminal penalties for the production or dissemination of deepfakes (AB A3540 / SB S2544) in New Jersey", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/A3540", "description": "On 2 April 2025, the Governor of New Jersey signed the Bill to establish criminal penalties for the unlawful creation or dissemination of deceptive audio or visual media, known as deepfakes (AB A3540) into law. The Law entered into force upon signing. It defines such media as synthetic content that appears to realistically depict speech or conduct that did not occur and was produced primarily through technical means. The Law creates third-degree criminal offences for knowingly generating or u...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Responsible AI Safety and Education Act (SB No. S6953B/AB No. A6453A)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953/amendment/B", "description": "On 19 March 2026, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) Safety and Education Act (RAISE Act) enters into force 90 days after becoming law. The Act imposes obligations for large developers of high-risk AI systems, referred to as frontier models. The Act requires that, before deployment, developers must create a written safety and security protocol, keep an unredacted version for at least five years post-deployment, and publish a redacted version while sharing it with the Attorney Genera...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-06", "title": "Bill to prohibit the Secretary of Defence from entering into software source code contracts with entities with certain relationships with China (Bill No. HR 3961)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3961/text?s=7&r=197", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-12-06 for United States of America concerning Bill to prohibit the Secretary of Defence from entering into software source code contracts with entities with certain relationships with China (Bill No. HR 3961). See the linked congress.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (S. 69)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/S.69", "description": "On 1 July 2025, certain provisions of the Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (S. 69) entered into force. The Act stipulates that violations of its provisions will be treated as unfair and deceptive acts in commerce, with enforcement overseen by the Attorney General. On this date, the Attorney General becomes responsible for and gains the power to create rules prohibiting data processing or design practices that the Attorney General believes lead to compulsive use or to subvert or impair user aut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "California Attorney General public lawsuit against Healthline over alleged non-compliance with Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-largest-ccpa-settlement-date-secures-155", "description": "On 1 July 2025, California Attorney General reached a settlement with website publisher Healthline Media LLC (Healthline) resolving allegations that its use of online tracking technology on its health information website violated the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The California Department of Justice (DOJ) found that Healthline failed to allow consumers to opt out of targeted advertising and shared data with third parties without CCPA-mandated privacy protections, including data sugg...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Accountability and Personal Data Protection Act (Bill No. S.2367)", "url": "https://www.hawley.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Hawley-AI-Accountability-and-Personal-Data-Protection-Act.pdf", "description": "On 21 July 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Accountability and Personal Data Protection Act was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act seeks to establish a federal tort against the appropriation, collection, processing, sale, or other exploitation of individuals’ data without express, prior consent. The Act applies to entities, including those deploying generative AI systems, that misuse personal or inferred data, and provides individuals with a private right of action to claim...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Stop Artificial Intelligence Price Gouging and Wage Fixing Act of 2025 (Bill No. H.R.4640)", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HQoQhvfVv8p0XmOdDIiWTnmd2YM_za07/view", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Stop Artificial Intelligence Price Gouging and Wage Fixing Act of 2025 was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act aims to ban the use of automated decision systems that rely on surveillance data to set personalised prices or wages. The Act prohibits surveillance-based pricing and wage-setting unless specific transparency and fairness conditions are met, including the clear disclosure of group discounts or cost-of-living-based wage adjustments. It applies broa...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Prevention Act (Bill No. H.R.4628)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4628/text?s=5&r=225", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Impersonation Prevention Act of 2025 was introduced to the United States House of Representatives. The Act seeks to amend title 18 of the United States Code to prohibit the use of AI to impersonate Federal officials. It covers the use of AI to mimic the likeness or voice of officials without an explicit disclaimer, where such conduct results in materially false or misleading content. The Act also provides that violations would be subject to fi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Smart Cities and Communities Act of 2025 (HB 4649)", "url": "https://delbene.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=4170", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Smart Cities and Communities Bill was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill aims to accelerate the deployment of smart technologies. It establishes an Interagency Council on Smart Cities, chaired jointly by the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the Secretary of Commerce and drawing on officials from Energy, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, the National Science Foundation, and other agencies, to coordinate federal supp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "New York Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act (AB 6578)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A06578&term=2025&Summary=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 10 June 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency Act (AB 6578) was passed by the Assembly. The Bill amends the general business law to establish data transparency rules for developers of artificial intelligence (AI) models or services. The Bill mandates developers of generative AI models or services to update their websites with information disclosing the data used for training. Information includes data sources, licensing, copyright status, inclusion of personal or agg...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Attorney General lawsuit against General Motors over alleged deceptive collection and sale of Nebraskans' driving data", "url": "https://ago.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/Court%20Filing_18.pdf", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the Attorney General filed a lawsuit against General Motors for deceptive collection and sale of Nebraskans’ driving data in non-compliance with the Nebraska Consumer Protection Act and the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. General Motors has allegedly been collecting, processing, and selling vehicle usage data of Nebraskans to third parties without their knowledge or consent. General Motors utilises technology that monitors its customers' driving habits from the speed th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against FBAMachine and affiliates over alleged deceptive e-commerce business opportunity practices (Case No.24-CV-6635 (JXN) (LDW))", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/x240032-fba-machinepassive-scaling-ftc-v", "description": "On 30 July 2025, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey approved a stipulated order resolving the Federal Trade Commission (FTC’s) lawsuit against TheFBAMachine Inc. and its affiliates for promoting deceptive digital business opportunities. It was highlighted that the defendants had marketed automated Amazon storefronts and e-commerce schemes using misleading claims about earnings potential and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities. The order permanently bans them...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Digital Identity Guidelines (NIST SP 800-63-4)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/63/4/final", "description": "On 31 July 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) adopted the updated version of the Digital Identity Guidelines (SP 800-63-4). The guideline applies to all organisations offering online services that require assurance in a user’s digital identity, including federal agencies, private-sector entities, and subnational governments. The guidelines introduce a risk-based, outcome-oriented framework centred on three assurance levels, particularly Identity (IAL), Authenticat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Bill amending Security Breach Notification Act (SB 626)", "url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=SB%20626&Session=2500", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Act relating to the Security Breach Notification Act (SB 626) enters into force in Oklahoma. The Act amends Sections 162–166 of Title 24 of the Oklahoma Statutes to update statutory definitions, require notification to affected residents without unreasonable delay, and obligate covered individuals or entities to notify the Attorney General within sixty days of providing notice to residents. The notification to the Attorney General must include the breach date, the date ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "White House Executive Order 14319 on public procurement access for AI in federal government", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/preventing-woke-ai-in-the-federal-government/", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the President of the United States signed an Executive Order titled “Preventing Woke Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Federal Government,” establishing procurement obligations for Federal agencies regarding large language models (LLMs). The order mandates that all LLMs procured by executive departments, military departments, independent establishments, and wholly owned Government corporations must comply with two “Unbiased AI Principles”: (a) Truth-seeking, requiring factu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-08", "title": "Act on Strategy for Federal Agency Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/amendment/119th-congress/senate-amendment/3684/text", "description": "On 2 August 2025, the Senate Amendment was 3684 was submitted to amend the Senate Bill 2296, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, proposing the addition of Section 1067, entitled “Strategy for Federal Agency Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography”, to subtitle F of title X of the bill authorising appropriations for fiscal year 2026 for military activities of the Department of Defense, military construction, and defence activities of the Department of Energy. The sectio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Bill on the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB 1806/Public Act 104-0054)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/PublicActs/View/104-0054", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB1806, Public Act 104-0054) entered into force pursuant to Section 99 on the effective date, which provides that the Act takes effect upon becoming law. The Act prohibits any individual, corporation, or entity from providing, advertising, or otherwise offering therapy or psychotherapy services, including through the use of Internet-based artificial intelligence (AI), unless such services are conducted by a licensed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Bill amending Act relating to consumer data privacy (HB 473)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/25RS/hb473.html", "description": "On 1 January 2026, a Bill amending the Act relating to consumer data privacy (HB 473) enters into force. The original Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act (HB 15) created a new section of Kentucky Revised Statutory (KRS) law Chapter 367, sections 367.3611 to 367.3629. HB 473 modifies KRS 367.3613 on application limitations of HB 15 to include protected health information under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). The revision states that unlike other data, for whi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology Ascon-Based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices (NIST SP 800-232)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/232/final", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published NIST SP 800-232 (Final), setting out the Ascon-based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices. These standards define the technical specifications and security properties for the Ascon family of cryptographic algorithms, selected through the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Standardisation Process for use in environments where conventional cryptographic methods may be resource-intensive. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Senate Judiciary Committee's investigation into Meta over alleged child safety risks arising from use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.hawley.senate.gov/hawley-expands-investigation-demands-documents-from-big-tech-on-ai-chatbot-policies-after-hearing/", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Crime and Counterterrorism expanded its investigation into Meta Platforms, over AI chatbot products used by minors, citing risks to more than seventy percent of American children who interact with such systems. Parents testified that chatbots encouraged self-harm, mocked religious beliefs, exposed children to sexual abuse material, and fostered suicidal behaviour, with expert evidence describing these harms as systemic and l...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology control overlays for securing AI systems (SP 800-53)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/Projects/cosais/documents/NIST-Overlays-SecuringAI-concept-paper.pdf", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released the SP 800-53 Control Overlays for Securing AI Systems, presenting implementation-focused guidelines for organisations and developers to manage cybersecurity risks in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies by tailoring and applying the established SP 800-53 security and privacy controls to AI use cases. The document identifies five initial categories, including adapting and using generative AI through lar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "Bill amending Business and Commerce Code to alter application of Code to data brokers (SB 2121)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB2121", "description": "On 1 September 2025, a Bill amending the Texas Business and Commerce Code to alter the application of the Code to data brokers (SB 2121) enters into force. The Texas Business and Commerce Code is governs commercial activities and business transactions. The Bill broadens the definition of a “data broker” to cover any business entity that collects, processes, or transfers personal data not obtained directly from individuals. The Bill applies to firms that earn over 50% of their revenue from suc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "User/subject right in Act Concerning Measures to Increase Transparency for Artificial Intelligence Systems (SB 25B-004)", "url": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/leg.colorado.gov/2025B/amendments/C120B4B0A16C392487258CF1006ABD23/SB004_L.037.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2026, the Act concerning measures to increase transparency for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, including user/subject rights, enters into force. The Act requires developers to disclose intended uses, risks, mitigation measures, and system details to deployers. Deployers must notify individuals when algorithmic systems inform decisions, explain data sources, and provide procedures to access and correct personal data. The Act also grants individuals the right to know and correc...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau personal financial data rights reconsideration under Section 1033 of Dodd-Frank Act", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/rules-under-development/personal-financial-data-rights-reconsideration/", "description": "On 21 October 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) closes the consultation on the reconsideration of Personal Financial Data Rights under Section 1033 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The consultation seeks comments and data on four issues. These include defining who may act as a “representative” authorised to request access on behalf of a consumer, determining how fees should be assessed when a “covered person” responds to consumer requests, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-09", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Apitor over alleged unauthorised collection of children's geolocation data through robot toys", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Apitor-JointMotion-StipOrder.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the Federal Trade Commission and Apitor Technology entered into a stipulated proposed order over the unauthorised collection of children's geolocation data through robot toys. Apitor develops programmable robot toys for children aged 6-14 that require a companion mobile app to operate. Apitor allegedly violated the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act by forcing location access in its Android application, transmitting children’s geolocation data through a Chinese thir...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-09", "title": "Lawsuit relating to Artificial Intelligence training on copyrighted books (Bartz et al. v Anthropic)", "url": "https://static.poder360.com.br/2025/09/acordo-anthropic-sf.pdf", "description": "On 5 September 2025, Anthropic reached a USD 1.5 billion settlement in the class action lawsuit alleging that it downloaded books from the databases Library Genesis and Pirate Library Mirror to train its large language models. As part of the settlement, Anthropic agreed to destroy the copies used in the training process. If approved by the court, the settlement would provide an estimated USD 3’000 per work for approximately 500’000 works. The release covers only past claims through 25 August ...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-09", "title": "Federal Trade Commission inquiry into AI chatbots acting as companions", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-launches-inquiry-ai-chatbots-acting-companions?utm_campaign=ftc_launches_inquiry_into&utm_content=1757603805&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook,linkedin,twitter", "description": "On 11 September 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) launched an inquiry into seven companies providing consumer-facing AI-powered chatbots. The FTC issued orders to Alphabet, Character Technologies, Instagram, Meta Platforms, OpenAI, Snap, and X.AI, requesting information on how these companies assess, test, and monitor potential negative impacts of their technology on children and teenagers. Companies are required to disclose revenue models, including subscriptions, advertising, and dat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology standard on documentation of AI datasets and models", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2025/09/12/Extended%20Outline%20-%20Proposed%20Zero%20Draft%20for%20a%20Standard%20on%20Documentation%20of%20AI%20datasets%20and%20AI%20models_September%202025.pdf#:~:text=In%20March%202025%2C%20NIST%20announced,are%20as%20thorough%20as%20possible", "description": "On 17 October 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the public consultation on the extended outline for the proposed zero draft of a standard on documentation of artificial intelligence (AI) datasets and AI models under its AI Standards Zero Drafts pilot project. The draft applies to AI developers, providers, and organisations using datasets and models, aiming to harmonise documentation practices across the AI lifecycle. It proposes templates for dataset and m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Standard for AI testing, evaluation, verification, and validation", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2025/07/15/Outline_%20Proposed%20Zero%20Draft%20for%20a%20Standard%20on%20AI%20TEVV-for-web.pdf", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the consultation on the zero draft outline for Artificial Intelligence (AI) testing, evaluation, verification, and validation (TEVV) standards. The standard applies to AI practitioners, developers, and organisations across all sectors conducting AI evaluation activities. The standard establishes requirements, including standardised terminology for AI testing concepts, mandatory governance processes for defi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Iconic Hearts Holdings over alleged violations of children's online privacy and consumer protection laws", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/IconicHeartsComplaint.pdf", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a lawsuit against Iconic Hearts Holdings and its founder and CEO, Hunter Rice. The complaint, lodged with the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleges that the defendants violated the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA Rule), the Restore Online Shoppers’ Confidence Act (ROSCA), and Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act. The defendant...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Interoperability requirement in Executive Order 14355 on Harnessing American AI Innovation to Unlock Cures for Paediatric Cancer", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-prioritizes-harnessing-american-ai-innovation-to-unlock-cures-for-pediatric-cancer/", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the President signed an Executive Order to harness American artificial intelligence (AI) innovation to unlock cures and prevention strategies for paediatric and young adulthood cancer, requiring the Secretary of Health and Human Services to fully integrate AI into existing interoperability frameworks. The mandate directs that health data infrastructure must be modernised to support research and clinical trial design, improve access to information, and enable private sect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Executive Order 14355 on Harnessing American AI Innovation to Unlock Cures for Paediatric Cancer", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-prioritizes-harnessing-american-ai-innovation-to-unlock-cures-for-pediatric-cancer/", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the President signed an Executive Order to harness American AI innovation to unlock cures and prevention strategies for paediatric and young adulthood cancer, directing the President’s Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) Commission to coordinate with the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST) and the Special Advisor for AI and Crypto. This governance structure is tasked with developing new methods to apply advanced technologies, including AI, in medic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Design requirements in California AI Transparency Act (AB 853)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB853", "description": "On 1 January 2028, the California Artificial Intelligence (AI) Transparency Act, including design requirements for capture device manufacturers enter into force. The Act requires capture device manufacturers to design devices to embed latent disclosures by default in captured content. The disclosures must include the device manufacturer’s name, model version, and the time and date of creation, giving users the option to include or view provenance information that verifies the content’s origin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Authorisation requirements in California Artificial Intelligence Transparency Act (AB 853)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB853", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the California Artificial Intelligence (AI) Transparency Act for large online platforms and covered providers enters into force. A covered provider is defined as a developer or operator of a generative artificial intelligence system serving more than 1 million monthly users, while a large online platform is defined as a digital service with more than 2 million users. The Act provides that GenAI hosting platforms in California cannot knowingly make available any generative ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Bill on California Cybersecurity Integration Center: Artificial Intelligence (AB 979)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB979", "description": "On 3 October 2025, the California Cybersecurity Integration Center: Artificial Intelligence (AB 979) enters into force in accordance with the standard California legislative calendar for non-urgency statutes as Chapter 285 of the Statutes of 2025. The Act amends Section 8586.5 of the Government Code to require the California Cybersecurity Integration Center, under the Office of Emergency Services, to develop, by 1 January 2027, the California Artificial Intelligence (AI) Cybersecurity Collab...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Bill amending the Civil Code to include a provision on customer notification for data breaches (SB 446)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB446", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Data Breaches: Customer Notification (SB 446) enters into force, amending Section 1798.82 of the Civil Code. The law requires that individuals or businesses conducting business in California must disclose a breach of security involving personal information within 30 calendar days of discovery or notification. The disclosure period may be delayed only to meet the legitimate needs of law enforcement or to determine the scope of the breach and restore the reasonable...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Law on Law Enforcement Agencies and Artificial Intelligence (SB 524)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB524", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Law Enforcement Agencies and Artificial Intelligence (SB 524) enters into force, adding Section 13663 to the Penal Code to regulate the use of artificial intelligence by law enforcement agencies and their contracted vendors. It defines “contracted vendor” as a third party providing artificial intelligence systems to assist in generating draft police reports and prohibits any vendor from sharing, selling, or otherwise using law enforcement data except for the cont...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Government access to data in Extending Expired Cybersecurity Authorities Act (S 2983)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2983/text?s=2&r=172", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Extending Expired Cybersecurity Authorities Act, including government access to data, was introduced to the Senate. The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 expired on 30 September 2025. The amendment Act would update its expiry to 30 September 2035. The Act covered provisions on government access to data, including the authorisation for private entities to share cyber threat indicators with the federal government and the requirement for automatic distribution ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-13", "title": "Florida Attorney General's lawsuit against Roku over alleged unauthorised collection and sale of children's data", "url": "https://www.myfloridalegal.com/sites/default/files/document_0002.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Florida Attorney General filed a lawsuit against Roku in Collier County Circuit Court under the Florida Digital Bill of Rights and the Florida Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices Act. The complaint alleges that Roku unlawfully collected, sold, and allowed reidentification of children’s data without parental consent or adequate notice. The case claims that Roku collected sensitive information such as viewing habits, voice recordings, and precise location data for users...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "Prohibition on minor use of AI companions in Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act (GUARD Act/ SB 3062)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3062?s=1&r=49", "description": "On 28 October 2025, the Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act (GUARD Act/ SB 3062) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act requires all AI chatbot providers to verify users’ ages before allowing access. Existing accounts must be frozen until users provide verifiable age data, while new users must go through an age verification process when creating an account. Providers must regularly re-verify users’ ages and may use third parties to perform verificati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "Prohibition on providing AI companions that solicit or produce sexual content in Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act (GUARD Act/ SB 3062)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3062?s=1&r=49", "description": "On 28 October 2025, the Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act (GUARD Act/ SB 3062) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Bill prohibits providers from designing, developing, or operating an AI chatbot that knowingly or recklessly risks soliciting or encouraging minors to engage in or describe sexually explicit behaviour or to create or share explicit images. It also prohibits designing, developing, or operating AI chatbots that encourage, promote, or coer...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence Act (GAIN AI Act/HB 5885)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5885/text", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence Act (GAIN AI Act/HB 5885) was introduced to the United States House of Representatives. The Act proposes to amend the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 by requiring the issuing of an export license for covered advanced circuits or products to entities in countries of concern to be subject to the exporter providing a right of first refusal to domestic US persons. The Act would also include an exempt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Health Information Privacy Reform Act (SB 3097)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3097/text?s=1&r=6", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Health Information Privacy Reform Act (SB 3097) was introduced to the Senate. The Act applies to private entities and service providers processing health data outside the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act's (HIPAA) scope, including wellness and digital health platforms. It directs the Health and Human Services Secretary, in consultation with the Federal Trade Commission, to set national privacy, security, and breach notification standards aligned with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Executive Order on Fostering the Future for American Children and Families", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/11/fostering-the-future-for-american-children-and-families/", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the President signed the Executive Order on Fostering the Future for American Children and Families. The Executive Order instructs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to update regulations regarding collection and use of child welfare data, promote modernisation of State child-welfare information systems and the use of technological solutions, including predictive analytics and tools powered by artificial intelligence, and requires a plan to launch, in conjunction ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Cross-border data transfers in United States-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/11/joint-statement-on-a-framework-for-a-united-states-switzerland-liechtenstein-agreement-on-fair-balanced-and-reciprocal-trade/", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the United States, Switzerland and Liechtenstein announced a Framework for negotiating an Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade including cross-border data transfers. As part of the Framework, the participants express their intention to facilitate trust cross-border data flows and address data localisation requirements, taking into account legitimate public policy objectives. Further, the participants intend to explore mechanisms for interoperability between t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Safe Social Media Act (HB 6290)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6290?s=1&r=2&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22chamberActionDateCode%3A%5C%222025-11-25%7C119%7C1000%5C%22+AND+billIsReserved%3A%5C%22N%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Safe Social Media Act (HB 6290) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act directs the Federal Trade Commission and the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study teenagers’ use of social media. The Act applies to social media platforms, excluding broadband providers and email. The Act requires a study on personal data collection, algorithmic use of personal information by social media platforms, targeted advertising, and usage patterns of social med...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Algorithmic Transparency and Choice Act (HB 6253)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6253?s=4&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%226253%22%7D", "description": "On 21 November 2025, the Algorithmic Transparency and Choice Act (HB 6253) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act applies to social media platforms that use recommendation algorithms. The Act requires online platforms to provide minors with clear information and options related to personalised recommendation systems. It mandates notices explaining how recommendation systems work, disclosure of data inputs, default use of input-transparent algorithms for minors, and options to...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "No Fentanyl on Social Media Act (HB 6259)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6259", "description": "On 21 November 2025, the No Fentanyl on Social Media Act was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act applies to social media platforms and directs the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to report on minors’ access to fentanyl through social media. It requires the FTC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Drug Enforcement Administration to assess the prevalence of access, related health and safety risks, platform design factors, drug-seller tactics, and the effectiveness of platfo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-12", "title": "Attorney General lawsuit against Temu over alleged unlawful data collection and consumer protection violations", "url": "https://mcusercontent.com/cc1fad182b6d6f8b1e352e206/files/bb1b1861-ddc2-74f5-2371-c2d3174a1b8a/2025_12_01_COMPLAINT.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2025, the Attorney General of Arizona filed a lawsuit against Temu, a Chinese online shopping platform, alleging violations of the Arizona Consumer Fraud Act. The complaint focuses on claims of unlawful data collection (including from minors under 13), privacy breaches, and consumer protections. The lawsuit states that the Temu mobile app harvests sensitive user data, including precise location, microphone and camera access, and activity on other applications, without users' kno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "Recommendation regarding disclosure of Artificial Intelligence's impact on operations", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/approved-artificial-intelligence-disclosure-recommendation-120425.pdf?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the SEC Investor Advisory Committee adopted a recommendation regarding the disclosure of Artificial Intelligence (AI)’s impact on operations. Specifically, the Committee recommends that the SEC enact rules requiring securities issuers to adopt a definition of the term \"Artificial Intelligence\" and disclose board oversight mechanism for AI deployment. Further, the SEC should require issuers to separately report on how they are deploying AI and the effects of such deployment...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights", "url": "https://www.flgov.com/eog/news/press/2025/governor-ron-desantis-announces-proposal-citizen-bill-rights-artificial", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Governor of Florida announced a proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights. The proposed legislation would introduce parental controls, providing parents access to the conversations between their children and large language models, allowing parents to restrict children’s access to those models, and notifying parents of concerning behaviour. The proposed legislation would also prohibit AI from using an individual's name or likeness without consent, prohibit ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Law requiring advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer (SB 8420A)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S8420/amendment/original", "description": "On 6 June 2026, the law requiring advertisements to disclose the use of a synthetic performer (SB 8420A) enters into force 180 days after receiving the governor's signature. The law will require companies to disclose the use of synthetic performers in advertisements. Synthetic performers are defined as digitally created assets created or modified by computer, generative artificial intelligence, or software algorithm intended to create the impression that the asset is engaging in performance a...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Cybersecurity framework profile for Artificial Intelligence (No. NIST IR 8596)", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2025/NIST.IR.8596.iprd.pdf", "description": "On 30 January 2026, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the public consultation on the cybersecurity framework profile for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The profile applies to organisations across sectors that develop, deploy, secure, or defend against AI systems. It introduces voluntary, technology-neutral guidance aligned with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0. The profile seeks to support organisations in clarifying AI-related cybersecurity objectives under ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Age verification requirement in Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (SB 482)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/482/?Tab=BillText", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (SB 482), including age verification requirement, was introduced to the Florida Senate. The Bill would require companion chatbot platforms to prohibit minors from creating or maintaining accounts unless a parent or guardian provides consent. Where consent is provided, platforms would be required to allow parental access to interactions, to limit daily and weekly usage, to disable interactions with third-party account holders, and...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Public procurement access in Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (SB 482)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2026/482/?Tab=BillText", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (SB 482) including public procurement access regulation was introduced to Florida Senate. Governmental entities would be restricted from extending or renewing contracts that provide access to personal identifying information to specified entities. Governmental entities would also be required to reject bids, proposals, or replies for artificial intelligence technology, software, or products unless the bidding entity submits an aff...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "United States Senators letter to Apple and Google requesting enforcement of app store terms against X and Grok apps", "url": "https://www.wyden.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/letter_to_apple_and_google_on_removing_x_and_grok_from_app_store_192026pdf.pdf", "description": "On 9 January 2026, three United States Senators sent a letter to Apple and Google requesting the enforcement of app store terms of service and the removal of X Corp's X and Grok apps due to the mass generation of nonconsensual sexualised images of women and children. The letter states that X users have utilised the Grok AI tool to generate nonconsensual sexual imagery of real private citizens at scale, including depictions of sexual abuse, humiliation, violence, and death. Furthermore, it rep...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology inquiry into the security of AI agent systems", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/01/08/2026-00206/request-for-information-regarding-security-considerations-for-artificial-intelligence-agents", "description": "On 9 January 2026, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) opened a consultation on the security of artificial intelligence (AI) agent systems until 9 March 2026. The request for information aims to gather information from industry and researchers regarding the secure development and deployment of autonomous AI agents. The consultation focuses on distinct security risks arising from AI model outputs interacting with software systems, such as indirect prompt injection, data p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Privacy Protection Act (A6309)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/A6309", "description": "On 1 February 2027, Section 6 of the Privacy Protection Act (A6309) enters into force, regulating the collection and sharing of personal information by health care facilities. The provisions prohibit health care facilities from requesting or collecting data related to immigration status, citizenship, place of birth, social security numbers, or individual taxpayer identification numbers, unless necessary for delivering health care services or assessing eligibility for public programs. These fa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Bill amending Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 201)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/SB201/text/SB201", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Bill amending the Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 201) was introduced to the General Assembly of Virginia. The Bill mandates that controllers and processors obtain verifiable parental consent before registering a user under 18 for a service or collecting, using, or disclosing that user’s personal data. The Bill requires that parents or guardians be provided with the option to consent to data collection and use without necessarily agreeing to the disclosure of informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Bill amending Consumer Data Protection Act to prohibit sale of precise geolocation data (SB338)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/SB338", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Law amending the Consumer Data Protection Act to prohibit the sale of precise geolocation data enters into force. The amendment applies to controllers processing personal and sensitive data, particularly in digital services. It introduces requirements on data minimisation, purpose limitation, security safeguards, and transparency through privacy notices. It also mandates consent for sensitive data processing. It further establishes enhanced protections for children’s data,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Executive Order No. 6 on prioritising children's mental health and digital environments", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/infobank/eo/057sherrill/pdf/EO-6.pdf", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the Governor of New Jersey adopted Executive Order No. 6 on prioritising children's mental health and digital environments with immediate effect. The Executive Order directs Executive Branch departments, offices, divisions, and agencies of the State of New Jersey, when executing duties related to children’s interaction with technology platforms, to prioritise children’s mental health outcomes in relation to technology, the internet, smartphones, and social media platforms....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Pipeline Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (HB 7272)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7272/text?s=1&r=1", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the Pipeline Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (HB 7272) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Bill would require the Secretary of Energy to carry out a programme under the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.) relating to physical security and cybersecurity for natural gas pipelines, hazardous liquid pipelines, and liquefied natural gas facilities. It would provide for coordination among Federal agencies, the States, and representatives...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Data protection regulation in Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (CHAT Act/ HR 7218)", "url": "https://lawler.house.gov/uploadedfiles/chat_act.pdf", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (HR 7218), including data protection regulations, was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act applies to any person or organisation (\"covered entity\") that owns, operates, or makes available a \"companion AI chatbot\" to users in the United States. It explicitly excludes bots used for customer service, business operations, video games (with limited scope), and standard voice-activated virtual assistants. A covered entity m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "User/subject right in Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (CHAT Act/ HR 7218)", "url": "https://lawler.house.gov/uploadedfiles/chat_act.pdf", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (HR 7218), including a user notification right, was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act applies to any person or organisation (\"covered entity\") that owns, operates, or makes available a \"companion AI chatbot\" to users in the United States. It explicitly excludes bots used for customer service, business operations, video games (with limited scope), and standard voice-activated virtual assistants. A covered entity mus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Data protection regulation in Hawaii Drop and Delete Act (HB 2463)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2463&year=2026", "description": "On 28 January 2026, a bill providing for the Hawaii Drop and Delete Act (HB 2463) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Thirty-Third Legislature and passed first reading. The Bill would establish the Hawaii Drop and Delete Act, which would regulate the collection, sale, sharing, retention, and deletion of personal information by data brokers. A data broker is defined as a business that knowingly collects and sells or licences to third parties the personal information of a cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Age verification requirement in Bill amending Kentucky Consumer Privacy Act (HB 633)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/hb633.html", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Bill amending the Kentucky Consumer Privacy Act (KRS 367.3611 to 367.3629) (HB 633) was introduced to the Kentucky House of Representatives. The Bill applies to covered online services that conduct business in Kentucky, determine the purposes and means of processing consumers' personal data, and annually process personal data of at least 100'000 consumers or derive at least 50% of annual gross revenue from the sale or sharing of personal data. It defines covered minor...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Artificial Intelligence commitments in Hanoi Digital Declaration (6th ASEAN Digital Ministers' Meeting)", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/ADOPTED-HANOI-DIGITAL-DECLARATION_14Jan2026-CLN.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 16 January 2026, the ASEAN Digital Ministers adopted the Hanoi Digital Declaration at the 6th ASEAN Digital Ministers’ Meeting in Ha Noi, Viet Nam. The Declaration applies to ASEAN Member States and sets out their commitment to deepening regional cooperation on artificial intelligence (AI). It recognises AI as foundational digital infrastructure and calls for policy harmonisation and collective safety efforts to be advanced under the leadership of the ASEAN Working Group on AI Governance. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Energy Threat Analysis Center Act of 2026 (HR 7305)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7305/text?s=2&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%227305%22%7D", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Energy Threat Analysis Center Act of 2026 (HR 7305) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill would amend Section 40125(c) of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (42 U.S.C. 18724(c)) to reauthorise the Department of Energy's Energy Sector Operational Support for Cyberresilience Program. The Bill would authorise the Secretary of Energy to carry out program activities through an Energy Threat Analysis Center, which may be established at one or more ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/static/HB0276.html", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Utah Legislature adopted the Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276), after the House concurred with the Senate amendment. The adopted Bill retains the prohibition on knowingly allowing the distribution of counterfeit intimate images without consent, the 48-hour temporary access disablement requirement upon receiving notice, and the good faith safe harbour from liability for platforms acting before receiving notice. Relative to the introduced version, the term...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Consumer protection authority governance in Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/static/HB0276.html", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Utah Legislature adopted the Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276), after the House concurred with the Senate amendment. The adopted Bill retains the assignment of the Division of Consumer Protection to administer and enforce Part 2, Content Provenance Standards and Requirements of the Digital Content Provenance Standards Act. The Division of Consumer Protection director's power to impose administrative fines of up to USD 2'500 per violation, the court's pow...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Design requirement in Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2026/bills/static/HB0276.html", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Utah Legislature adopted the Artificial Intelligence Modifications Bill (HB 276) after the House concurred with the Senate amendment. The adopted Bill retains requirements for large online platforms to detect compliant system provenance data embedded in distributed content, provide a user interface disclosing its availability, and prohibit the knowing stripping of system provenance data or digital signatures compliant with widely adopted specifications of an established s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST source on AI governance", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.800-4.pdf", "description": "Official source record for United States of America concerning National Institute of Standards and Technology inquiry into monitoring of deployed AI systems. See the linked nvlpubs.nist.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Disclosure requirements in South Carolina Artificial Intelligence Act (S 963)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=963&session=126&summary=B", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the South Carolina Artificial Intelligence Act was introduced to the Senate to establish transparency obligations for artificial intelligence (AI) systems interacting with consumers. The Act mandates that developers and deployers making an AI system available for consumer interaction must disclose that the consumer is communicating with an automated system, except when such interaction is obvious to a reasonable person. Furthermore, deployers must provide clear notices be...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Impact assessment and documentation requirements in South Carolina Artificial Intelligence Act (S 963)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=963&session=126&summary=B", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the South Carolina Artificial Intelligence Act (S 963) was introduced to the Senate to mandate technical documentation and impact assessments for high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Act requires developers to provide deployers with model cards, dataset cards, and performance evaluations to facilitate comprehensive testing. Deployers are obligated to complete initial and annual impact assessments that analyse the purpose, input data, and output metrics of t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Definition of artificial intelligence for public procurement in House Bill 148", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/bills/hb/hb0148F.pdf", "description": "On 14 January 2026, House Bill 148 was introduced to the Maryland House of Delegates to establish definitions for artificial intelligence within the state finance and procurement framework. The Bill defines artificial intelligence as a machine-based system capable of making predictions, recommendations, or decisions that influence real or virtual environments for a specific set of human-defined objectives. According to the legislation, these systems must use machine and human-based inputs to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Responsible AI Safety and Education (RAISE) Act (Bill S8828)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S8828", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) Safety and Education (RAISE) Act enters into force, including obligations imposed on frontier developers and large frontier developers. From this date, large frontier developers must have a published frontier AI framework in place, must have filed their disclosure statements with the Office of Financial Services, and must comply with the transparency reporting requirements, including publishing transparency reports before or alon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Act on artificial intelligence companions (SB 1546)", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Measures/Overview/SB1546", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the Act on artificial intelligence (AI) companions enters into force. The Act applies to any entity that makes AI companion technologies available to users in Oregon, excluding basic customer service tools, in-game video game AI, and simple voice assistants. It provides that, where a reasonable person would believe they are interacting with a human, operators must display a clear and conspicuous notice that the interaction is with artificially generated output. Operators ar...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Digital Voyeurism Prevention Act (HB 276)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0276.html", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the Digital Voyeurism Prevention Act enters into force. The Act prohibits generation services from distributing Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated intimate images, defined by reference to the federal Take It Down Act, without first obtaining the depicted individual's express consent, requiring consent records to be maintained for a minimum of seven years. Covered platforms must establish notice-and-takedown procedures compliant with the Take It Down Act, removing flagge...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Florida Attorney General investigation into OpenAI over alleged harms and national security concerns", "url": "facebook.com/reel/2023533811533305/?s=single_unit", "description": "On 9 April 2026, the Florida Attorney General's office opened an investigation into OpenAI and its chatbot ChatGPT. The investigation concerns the alleged role of ChatGPT in a mass shooting at Florida State University in the preceding year, harms to children, and national security concerns, including whether OpenAI's data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies could fall into the hands of foreign adversaries such as the Chinese Communist Party. The investigation was launched in the con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Act amending Kentucky Revised Statutes on data privacy (HB 692)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/hb692.html", "description": "On 1 July 2027, the Act amending Kentucky Revised Statutes on data privacy (HB 692) enters into force. The Act amends KRS 367.3611 to introduce definitions of \"automatic content recognition data\" and \"smart monitor.\" \"Automatic content recognition data\" means data about a consumer's content viewing history collected through technology identifying, in real time, the specific content displayed by analysing audio or video fingerprints through digital fingerprinting, watermark detection, or simil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "H.R.2385 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): CREATE AI Act of 2025 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2385", "description": "This bill establishes a national program to provide U.S. researchers, educators, and students with access to artificial intelligence (AI) data, computational resources, educational tools and services, and testbeds.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Text - H.R.8283 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): Deterring American AI Model Theft Act of 2026 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8283/text", "description": "... To prevent foreign adversaries from threatening the national security of the United States by extracting key technical features of closed-source, American-owned artificial intelligence models, and for other purposes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "title": "AI-Enabled Optimization of Early-Phase Clinical Trials Pilot Program; Request for Information", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/29/2026-08281/ai-enabled-optimization-of-early-phase-clinical-trials-pilot-program-request-for-information", "description": "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or the Agency) is issuing this request for information to solicit input on a proposed pilot program to assess how artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technologies can improve efficiency, speed, and quality of decision- making in early phase clinical trials. Early-phase clinical trials represent a critical bottleneck in drug development, often characterized by high uncertainty, limited patient populations, and inefficient decision- making processes. This ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "China's Illicit Campaign to Steal and Subvert American AI ...", "url": "https://docs.house.gov/meetings/ZS/ZS00/20260416/119165/HHRG-119-ZS00-Wstate-MahmoodY-20260416.pdf", "description": "54 Jared Kaplan, et al., "Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models," arXiv, January 23, 2020. 55 The White House, “A National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence,” March 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Young, Colleagues Introduce Bill to Advance AI Innovation, Reliability for Americans - Senator Young", "url": "https://www.young.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/young-colleagues-introduce-bill-to-advance-ai-innovation-reliability-for-americans/", "description": "“By establishing the National AI Research Resource within the National Science Foundation, the CREATE AI Act will enable greater scientific discovery, advance new methods of AI testing and evaluation, and better resource the alignment research ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Bridging Guidance and Regulation: Interpreting the Draft Annex 22 on Artificial Intelligence in GMP Manufacturing - PubMed", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41698693/", "description": "The draft annex introduces a structured, risk-based framework for artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, defining expectations for intended use, validation, life cycle management, explainability, and human-in-the-loop (HITL) oversight.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "REPS LIEU AND OBERNOLTE INTRODUCE BIPARTISAN BILL TO ADVANCE AMERICAN LEADERSHIP IN AI | Congressman Ted Lieu", "url": "https://lieu.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/reps-lieu-and-obernolte-introduce-bipartisan-bill-advance-american", "description": "The American Leadership in AI Act brings together more than 20 bipartisan proposals to implement key recommendations from the Bipartisan Task Force on Artificial Intelligence report issued last Congress. The bill is designed to strengthen U.S. leadership in AI while promoting responsible innovation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "General Law Committee - JOINT FAVORABLE REPORT", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/JFR/S/PDF/2026SB-00005-R00GL-JFR.PDF", "description": "SB 5 institutes other transparency measures aimed at improving fairness for consumers. Plain- · SB 5 contains multiple provisions aimed at empowering the state’s workforce to succeed in an AI- · Strategy). Consequently, they request to be involved in further conversations on this topic", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Reps. Foushee, Beyer, and Moylan Introduce the Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act to Establish Accountability and Transparency Standards for Generative AI | U.S. Congresswoman Valerie Foushee", "url": "https://foushee.house.gov/media/press-releases/reps-foushee-beyer-and-moylan-introduce-the-protecting-consumers-from-deceptive-ai-act-to-establish-accountability-and-transparency-standards-for-generative-ai", "description": "WASHINGTON, D.C. (April 24, 2026) — Today, Congresswoman Valerie Foushee (NC-04), Congressman Don Beyer (VA-08), and Congressman James Moylan (GU-AL) introduced the bipartisan Protecting Consumers From Deceptive AI Act to establish technical ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "U.S. GAO - Artificial Intelligence: OMB Action Needed to Address Privacy-Related Gaps in Federal Guidance", "url": "https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-26-107681", "description": "Extent to Which the Office of Management and Budget’s Government-wide Guidance Addressed 10 Selected Expert-identified Privacy-related Challenges When Using Artificial Intelligence (AI), as of January 2026 · Given the risks and challenges, additional guidance from OMB could help ensure agencies take appropriate steps to protect the privacy of sensitive data when using AI. OMB could also use existing mechanisms, such as the Chief AI Officer Council or Federal Privacy Council, as forums for int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "H.R. 8094 (IH) - AI Foundation Model Transparency Act of 2026 - BILLS-119hr8094ih | Content Details | GovInfo", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr8094ih", "description": "Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience and may not be complete or accurate. U.S. Congress. House. AI Foundation Model Transparency Act of 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Lead the World in AI – The White House", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/priorities/tech-innovation/", "description": "lead the world in ai President Trump has reasserted American leadership in technology by accelerating innovation in artificial intelligence, digital assets, and advanced manufacturing while cutting red tape that stifles growth. This year, his administration launched a national AI strategy, expanded federal support for emerging technologies, and prioritized secure, domestic supply chains to outpace global […]", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NIST Workshop on AI Incident Management | NIST", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/events/2026/05/nist-workshop-ai-incident-management", "description": "The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), within the U.S. Department of Commerce, invites stakeholders to participate in an upcoming workshop on AI Incident Management. As AI systems become increasingly integral to critical infrastructure, cybersecurity, and national security, a new class of incidents is emerging where AI systems are both targets and sources of risk.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-20", "title": "The United States works with domestic and international AI communities to establish frameworks that advance trustworthy AI for all", "url": "", "description": "The United States is addressing AI holistically by focusing on the potential of AI to boost prosperity and overcome major societal challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国与国内和国际人工智能社区合作建立框架，为所有人推进值得信赖的人工智能", "description_zh": "美国正在全面解决人工智能问题，重点关注人工智能促进繁荣和克服重大社会挑战的潜力。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-19", "title": "The argument for holistic AI audits", "url": "", "description": "Comprehensive audits could be essential for compliance with some regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "整体人工智能审计的论据", "description_zh": "全面审核对于遵守某些法规可能至关重要。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "title": "When AI generates work, standard contractual terms can help generate value and clarity", "url": "", "description": "As AI developments soar, who owns and has the rights to AI-generated work?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "当人工智能产生工作时，标准合同条款可以帮助产生价值和清晰度", "description_zh": "随着人工智能的飞速发展，谁拥有人工智能生成的作品并拥有权利？", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-16", "title": "Lawsuits in the United States point to a need for AI risk management systems", "url": "", "description": "Holistic AI argues that businesses using AI should adopt an AI risk management framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国的诉讼表明需要人工智能风险管理系统", "description_zh": "整体人工智能认为，使用人工智能的企业应该采用人工智能风险管理框架。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-01", "title": "AI legal cases are increasing: how can we prepare?", "url": "", "description": "As enforcement expands, the question becomes how best to build more capacity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能法律案件不断增加：我们该如何准备？", "description_zh": "随着执法力度的扩大，问题就变成了如何最好地建设更多能力。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-18", "title": "New AI technologies can perpetuate old biases: some examples in the United States", "url": "", "description": "AI models may perpetuate historical social inequities through biased outcomes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新的人工智能技术可能会延续旧的偏见：美国的一些例子", "description_zh": "人工智能模型可能会通过有偏见的结果来延续历史上的社会不平等。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-10", "title": "We can shape policies to steer AI towards inclusive growth. Here’s how", "url": "", "description": "How we structure policies can determine whether AI moves the world towards shared prosperity or income polarization.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "我们可以制定政策，引导人工智能实现包容性增长。方法如下", "description_zh": "我们如何构建政策可以决定人工智能是否会让世界走向共同繁荣或收入两极分化。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "Notice of Public Meetings of the Maryland Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/22/2026-07809/notice-of-public-meetings-of-the-maryland-advisory-committee-to-the-us-commission-on-civil-rights", "description": "Notice is hereby given, pursuant to the provisions of the rules and regulations of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (Commission) and the Federal Advisory Committee Act, that the Maryland Advisory Committee (Committee) to the Commission will hold public meetings via Zoom. The purpose is for the committee to begin briefing planning on the chosen topic of artificial intelligence and its application in voting administration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国民权委员会马里兰州咨询委员会公开会议通知", "description_zh": "兹通知，根据美国民权委员会（委员会）规章制度和《联邦咨询委员会法》规定，马里兰州委员会咨询委员会（委员会）将通过Zoom召开公开会议。目的是让委员会开始就选定的人工智能主题及其在投票管理中的应用进行简报规划。" }, { "date": "2017-08-11", "title": "Las Vegas Self-Driving Bus Involved in Accident", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/23/", "description": "A self-driving public shuttle by Keolis North America and Navya was involved in a collision with a human-driven delivery truck in Las Vegas, Nevada on its first day of service.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉斯维加斯自动驾驶巴士发生事故", "description_zh": "Keolis North America 和 Navya 的自动驾驶公共班车在内华达州拉斯维加斯投入使用的第一天就与一辆人工驾驶的送货卡车相撞。" }, { "date": "2018-03-18", "title": "Uber AV Killed Pedestrian in Arizona", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/4/", "description": "An Uber autonomous vehicle (AV) in autonomous mode struck and killed a pedestrian in Tempe, Arizona.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Uber AV 在亚利桑那州撞死行人", "description_zh": "一辆处于自动模式的优步自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 在亚利桑那州坦佩撞死了一名行人。" }, { "date": "2015-05-19", "title": "Google’s YouTube Kids App Presents Inappropriate Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1/", "description": "YouTube’s content filtering and recommendation algorithms exposed children to disturbing and inappropriate videos.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌的 YouTube Kids 应用程序显示不当内容", "description_zh": "YouTube 的内容过滤和推荐算法让儿童接触到令人不安和不当的视频。" }, { "date": "2015-04-04", "title": "Gender Biases of Google Image Search", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/18/", "description": "Google Image returns results that under-represent women in leadership roles, notably with the first photo of a female \"CEO\" being a Barbie doll after 11 rows of male CEOs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌图片搜索的性别偏见", "description_zh": "Google Image 返回的结果显示，担任领导职务的女性代表性不足，特别是在 11 排男性首席执行官之后，第一张照片中的女性“CEO”是芭比娃娃。" }, { "date": "2016-07-21", "title": "Common Biases of Vector Embeddings", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/12/", "description": "Researchers from Boston University and Microsoft Research, New England demonstrated gender bias in the most common techniques used to embed words for natural language processing (NLP).", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "向量嵌入的常见偏差", "description_zh": "来自波士顿大学和微软新英格兰研究院的研究人员证明，在自然语言处理 (NLP) 嵌入单词的最常用技术中存在性别偏见。" }, { "date": "2008-05-23", "title": "Amazon Censors Gay Books", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/15/", "description": "Amazon's book store \"cataloging error\" led to books containing gay and lesbian themes to lose their sales ranking, therefore losing visibility on the sales platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊审查同性恋书籍", "description_zh": "亚马逊书店的“编目错误”导致含有同性恋题材的书籍失去了销售排名，从而失去了在销售平台上的知名度。" }, { "date": "2017-02-24", "title": "Wikipedia Vandalism Prevention Bot Loop", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/7/", "description": "Wikipedia bots meant to remove vandalism clash with each other and form feedback loops of repetitve undoing of the other bot's edits.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "维基百科破坏预防机器人循环", "description_zh": "维基百科机器人旨在消除彼此之间的破坏行为冲突，并形成重复撤消其他机器人编辑的反馈循环。" }, { "date": "2015-07-13", "title": "Collection of Robotic Surgery Malfunctions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/5/", "description": "Study on database reports of robotic surgery malfunctions (8,061), including those ending in injury (1,391) and death (144), between 2000 and 2013.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "机器人手术故障集锦", "description_zh": "对 2000 年至 2013 年间机器人手术故障 (8,061) 的数据库报告进行研究，其中包括导致受伤 (1,391) 和死亡 (144) 的故障。" }, { "date": "2016-03-24", "title": "Microsoft's TayBot Allegedly Posts Racist, Sexist, and Anti-Semitic Content to Twitter", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/6/", "description": "Microsoft's Tay, an artificially intelligent chatbot, was released on March 23, 2016 and removed within 24 hours due to multiple racist, sexist, and anti-semitic tweets generated by the bot.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软 TayBot 据称在 Twitter 上发布种族主义、性别歧视和反犹太主义内容", "description_zh": "微软的人工智能聊天机器人 Tay 于 2016 年 3 月 23 日发布，但由于该机器人生成多条种族主义、性别歧视和反犹太主义推文，该机器人在 24 小时内被删除。" }, { "date": "2014-08-14", "title": "Kronos Scheduling Algorithm Allegedly Caused Financial Issues for Starbucks Employees", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/10/", "description": "Kronos’s scheduling algorithm and its use by Starbucks managers allegedly negatively impacted financial and scheduling stability for Starbucks employees, which disadvantaged wage workers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Kronos 调度算法给星巴克员工造成财务问题", "description_zh": "据称，Kronos 的排班算法及其被星巴克经理使用，对星巴克员工的财务和排班稳定性产生了负面影响，这对工资工人不利。" }, { "date": "2016-05-23", "title": "Northpointe Risk Models", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/11/", "description": "An algorithm developed by Northpointe and used in the penal system is two times more likely to incorrectly label a black person as a high-risk re-offender and is two times more likely to incorrectly label a white person as low-risk for reoffense according to a ProPublica review.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北角风险模型", "description_zh": "根据 ProPublica 的评论，Northpointe 开发并用于刑事系统的算法将黑人错误地标记为高风险再犯罪者的可能性是其两倍，将白人错误地标记为低风险再犯罪者的可能性是其两倍。" }, { "date": "2016-06-30", "title": "A Collection of Tesla Autopilot-Involved Crashes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/20/", "description": "Multiple unrelated car accidents result in varying levels of harm have been occurred while a Tesla's autopilot was in use.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉自动驾驶仪相关事故合集", "description_zh": "在特斯拉的自动驾驶仪使用过程中，发生了多起无关的车祸，造成了不同程度的伤害。" }, { "date": "2014-07-15", "title": "Robot kills worker at German Volkswagen plant", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/24/", "description": "A Volkswagen plant robot \"crushed to death\" a worker by pinning him to a metal plate.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德国大众汽车工厂机器人杀死工人", "description_zh": "大众汽车工厂的机器人将一名工人钉在金属板上，将其“压死”。" }, { "date": "2017-10-26", "title": "Biased Sentiment Analysis", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/14/", "description": "Google Cloud's Natural Language API provided racist, homophobic, amd antisemitic sentiment analyses.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "偏见情绪分析", "description_zh": "Google Cloud 的自然语言 API 提供种族主义、恐同和反犹太主义情绪分析。" }, { "date": "2015-03-06", "title": "Images of Black People Labeled as Gorillas", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/16/", "description": "Google Photos image processing software mistakenly labelled a black couple as \"gorillas.\"", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "被标记为大猩猩的黑人图像", "description_zh": "谷歌照片图像处理软件错误地将一对黑人夫妇标记为“大猩猩”。" }, { "date": "2018-10-27", "title": "Crashes with Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS)", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/3/", "description": "A Boeing 737 crashed into the sea, killing 189 people, after faulty sensor data caused an automated manuevering system to repeatedly push the plane's nose downward.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "机动特性增强系统 (MCAS) 的碰撞", "description_zh": "一架波音 737 飞机因传感器数据错误导致自动操纵系统反复将飞机机头向下推而坠入大海，造成 189 人死亡。" }, { "date": "2018-05-12", "title": "Warehouse robot ruptures can of bear spray and injures workers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/2/", "description": "Twenty-four Amazon workers in New Jersey were hospitalized after a robot punctured a can of bear repellent spray in a warehouse.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "仓库机器人打碎防熊喷雾罐，导致工人受伤", "description_zh": "新泽西州的 24 名亚马逊员工在仓库中被机器人刺破一罐驱熊喷雾剂后入院治疗。" }, { "date": "2013-01-23", "title": "Sexist and Racist Google Adsense Advertisements", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/19/", "description": "Advertisements chosen by Google Adsense are reported as producing sexist and racist results.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "性别歧视和种族主义 Google Adsense 广告", "description_zh": "据报道，Google Adsense 选择的广告会产生性别歧视和种族主义结果。" }, { "date": "2012-02-25", "title": "NY City School Teacher Evaluation Algorithm Contested", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/9/", "description": "An algorithm used to rate the effectiveness of school teachers in New York has resulted in thousands of disputes of its results.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约市学校教师评估算法有争议", "description_zh": "一种用于评估纽约学校教师效率的算法引发了数千起对其结果的争议。" }, { "date": "2014-08-15", "title": "Uber Autonomous Cars Running Red Lights", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/8/", "description": "Uber vehicles equipped with technology allowing for autonomous driving running red lights in San Francisco street testing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "优步自动驾驶汽车闯红灯", "description_zh": "配备自动驾驶技术的优步车辆在旧金山街头测试中闯红灯。" }, { "date": "2017-02-27", "title": "High-Toxicity Assessed on Text Involving Women and Minority Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/13/", "description": "Google's Perspective API, which assigns a toxicity score to online text, seems to award higher toxicity scores to content involving non-white, male, Christian, heterosexual phrases.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对涉及妇女和少数群体的文本进行高毒性评估", "description_zh": "谷歌的 Perspective API 为在线文本分配毒性分数，似乎对涉及非白人、男性、基督教、异性恋短语的内容给予更高的毒性分数。" }, { "date": "2016-07-14", "title": "Tougher Turing Test Exposes Chatbots’ Stupidity (migrated to Issue)", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/21/", "description": "The 2016 Winograd Schema Challenge highlighted how even the most successful AI systems entered into the Challenge were only successful 3% more often than random chance. This incident has been downgraded to an issue as it does not meet current ingestion criteria.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "更严格的图灵测试暴露了聊天机器人的愚蠢（迁移到问题）", "description_zh": "2016 年 Winograd Schema Challenge 强调了即使是参加挑战赛的最成功的 AI 系统，其成功率也仅比随机概率高 3%。由于该事件不符合当前的摄取标准，因此已将其降级为问题。" }, { "date": "2015-03-11", "title": "Inappropriate Gmail Smart Reply Suggestions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/17/", "description": "Google's Gmail Smart Reply tool was over-recommending the response \"I love you\" in situations where it was deemed innappropriate.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "不恰当的 Gmail 智能回复建议", "description_zh": "谷歌的 Gmail 智能回复工具在被认为不合适的情况下过度推荐了“我爱你”的回复。" }, { "date": "2017-06-12", "title": "Waze Navigates Motorists into Wildfires", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/22/", "description": "Waze, a Google-owned directions app, led California drivers into the 2017 Skirball wildfires as they tried to evacuate the area.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waze 引导驾驶者进入野火", "description_zh": "谷歌旗下的一款导航应用 Waze 带领加州司机在 2017 年史克博尔山火中试图撤离该地区。" }, { "date": "2015-06-23", "title": "Google and Delphi Self-Driving Prototypes Allegedly Involved in Near-Miss on San Antonio Road, Palo Alto", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/25/", "description": "A Delphi self-driving Audi Q5 prototype reportedly aborted a lane change after a Google self-driving Lexus RX400h allegedly cut in front of it on San Antonio Road in Palo Alto, California. According to Delphi executive John Absmeier, the Delphi car \"took appropriate action\" to avoid collision. No cr", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌和德尔福自动驾驶原型车涉嫌在帕洛阿尔托圣安东尼奥路发生险情", "description_zh": "据报道，在加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托的圣安东尼奥路上，一辆谷歌自动驾驶雷克萨斯 RX400h 超车后，德尔福自动驾驶奥迪 Q5 原型车中止了变道。德尔福高管约翰·阿布斯迈尔表示，德尔福汽车“采取了适当的行动”以避免碰撞。无铬" }, { "date": "2016-10-08", "title": "Amazon’s Experimental Hiring Tool Allegedly Displayed Gender Bias in Candidate Rankings", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/37/", "description": "Between 2014 and 2017, Amazon reportedly developed an AI-powered recruiting tool to score job applicants, trained on a decade of resumes purportedly drawn largely from men. Media reports say the system learned to favor male candidates, penalizing terms like \"women's\" and graduates from certain all-w", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊的实验性招聘工具据称在候选人排名中显示性别偏见", "description_zh": "据报道，2014 年至 2017 年间，亚马逊开发了一种人工智能招聘工具来对求职者进行评分，该工具接受了长达十年的简历的培训，据称这些简历主要来自男性。媒体报道称，该系统学会了偏向男性候选人，惩罚“女性”等词语以及某些全世界大学的毕业生。" }, { "date": "2017-03-12", "title": "Driverless Train in Delhi Crashes due to Braking Failure", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/31/", "description": "A driverless metro train in Delhi, India crashed during a test run due to faulty brakes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德里无人驾驶火车因刹车失灵坠毁", "description_zh": "印度德里的一列无人驾驶地铁列车在试运行期间因刹车故障而坠毁。" }, { "date": "2015-05-12", "title": "Amazon Alexa Responding to Environmental Inputs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/34/", "description": "There are multiple reports of Amazon Alexa products (Echo, Echo Dot) reacting and acting upon unintended stimulus, usually from television commercials or news reporter's voices.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Amazon Alexa 响应环境输入", "description_zh": "有多个关于 Amazon Alexa 产品（Echo、Echo Dot）对意外刺激（通常来自电视广告或新闻记者的声音）做出反应和采取行动的报道。" }, { "title": "Nuclear False Alarm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/27/", "description": "An alert of five incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles was properly identified as a false-positive by the Soviet Union operator Stanislov Petrov.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "核误报", "description_zh": "苏联运营商斯坦尼斯洛夫·彼得罗夫将五枚洲际弹道导弹来袭的警报正确地识别为误报。" }, { "date": "2011-09-20", "title": "Image Classification of Battle Tanks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/29/", "description": "A potentially apocryphal story in which an image classifier was produced to differentiate types of battle tanks, but the resulting model keyed in on environmental attributes rather than tank attributes", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "主战坦克图像分类", "description_zh": "一个可能是杜撰的故事，其中生成图像分类器来区分主战坦克的类型，但生成的模型主要关注环境属性而不是坦克属性" }, { "date": "2017-09-13", "title": "Identical Twins Can Open Apple FaceID Protected Devices", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/32/", "description": "Apple's iPhone FaceID can be opened by an identical twin of the person who has registered their face to unlock the phone.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "同卵双胞胎可以打开受 Apple FaceID 保护的设备", "description_zh": "Apple 的 iPhone FaceID 可以由注册脸部解锁手机的人的同卵双胞胎打开。" }, { "date": "2008-01-07", "title": "Machine Personal Assistants Failed to Maintain Social Norms", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/44/", "description": "During an experiment of software personal assistants at the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at the University of Southern California (USC), researchers found that the assistants violated the privacy of their principals and were unable to respect the social norms of the office.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "机器个人助理未能维持社会规范", "description_zh": "在南加州大学 (USC) 信息科学研究所 (ISI) 进行的软件个人助理实验中，研究人员发现助理侵犯了校长的隐私，并且无法尊重办公室的社会规范。" }, { "date": "2014-10-18", "title": "Employee Automatically Terminated by Computer Program", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/35/", "description": "An employee was laid off, allegedly by an artificially intelligent personnel system, and blocked from access to the building and computer systems without their knowledge.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "员工被计算机程序自动解雇", "description_zh": "据称，一名员工被人工智能人事系统解雇，并在他们不知情的情况下被禁止进入大楼和计算机系统。" }, { "date": "2016-06-09", "title": "LinkedIn Search Prefers Male Names", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/47/", "description": "An investigation by The Seattle Times in 2016 found a gender bias in LinkedIn's search engine.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "LinkedIn 搜索更喜欢男性名字", "description_zh": "《西雅图时报》2016 年的一项调查发现 LinkedIn 的搜索引擎存在性别偏见。" }, { "date": "2016-07-12", "title": "Passport checker Detects Asian man's Eyes as Closed", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/48/", "description": "New Zealand passport robot reader rejects the application of an applicant with Asian descent and says his eyes are closed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "护照检查器检测到亚洲男子的眼睛是闭着的", "description_zh": "新西兰护照机器人阅读器拒绝了一名亚裔申请人的申请，并称他是闭着眼睛的。" }, { "date": "2010-08-05", "title": "2010 Market Flash Crash", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/28/", "description": "A modified algorithm was able to cause dramatic price volatility and disrupted trading in the US stock exchange.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2010年市场闪崩", "description_zh": "修改后的算法能够导致价格剧烈波动并扰乱美国证券交易所的交易。" }, { "date": "1998-05-03", "title": "Racist AI behaviour is not a new problem", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/43/", "description": "From 1982 to 1986, St George's Hospital Medical School used a program to automate a portion of their admissions process that resulted in discrimination against women and members of ethnic minorities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能的种族主义行为并不是一个新问题", "description_zh": "从 1982 年到 1986 年，圣乔治医院医学院使用了一个程序来实现部分招生流程的自动化，这导致了对女性和少数族裔成员的歧视。" }, { "date": "2017-09-13", "title": "Hackers Break Apple Face ID", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/26/", "description": "Vietnamese security firm Bkav created an improved mask to bypass Apple's Face ID", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "黑客破解苹果 Face ID", "description_zh": "越南安全公司 Bkav 开发了一种改进的面具来绕过苹果的 Face ID" }, { "date": "2017-09-11", "title": "Amazon Alexa Plays Loud Music when Owner is Away", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/33/", "description": "An Amazon Alexa, without instruction to do so, began playing loud music in the early morning while the homeowner was away leading to police breaking into their house to turn off the device.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "当主人不在时，亚马逊 Alexa 会大声播放音乐", "description_zh": "清晨，当房主不在时，亚马逊 Alexa 在没有指示的情况下开始播放大声的音乐，导致警察闯入他们的房子并关闭该设备。" }, { "date": "2014-01-21", "title": "Nest Smoke Alarm Erroneously Stops Alarming", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/46/", "description": "In testing, Google Nest engineers demonstrated that the Nest Wave feature of their Nest Protect: Smoke + CO Alarm could inadvertently silence genuine alarms.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nest 烟雾报警器错误地停止报警", "description_zh": "在测试中，Google Nest 工程师证明了其 Nest Protect 的 Nest Wave 功能：烟雾 + CO 警报可能会无意中使真正的警报静音。" }, { "date": "2017-01-07", "title": "Deepfake Obama Introduction of Deepfakes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/39/", "description": "University of Washington researchers made a deepfake of Obama, followed by Jordan Peele", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 奥巴马 Deepfakes 介绍", "description_zh": "华盛顿大学的研究人员对奥巴马进行了深度伪造，乔丹·皮尔紧随其后" }, { "date": "2016-08-10", "title": "Poor Performance of Tesla Factory Robots", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/30/", "description": "The goal of manufacturing 2,500 Tesla Model 3's per week was falling short by 500 cars/week, and employees had to be \"borrowed\" from Panasonic in a shared factory to help hand-assemble lithium batteries for Tesla.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉工厂机器人性能不佳", "description_zh": "每周生产 2,500 辆特斯拉 Model 3 的目标比每周生产 500 辆汽车还差，不得不从松下的共享工厂“借用”员工来帮助为特斯拉手工组装锂电池。" }, { "date": "2018-06-11", "title": "Picture of Woman on Side of Bus Shamed for Jaywalking", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/36/", "description": "Facial recognition system in China mistakes celebrity's face on moving billboard for jaywalker", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "公交车边女子因乱穿马路而感到羞耻的照片", "description_zh": "中国的面部识别系统将移动广告牌上的名人脸误认为是乱穿马路的人" }, { "date": "2018-02-04", "title": "All Image Captions Produced are Violent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/41/", "description": "MIT Media Lab researchers create AI-powered \"psychopath\" named Norman by training a model on \"dark corners\" of Reddit.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "所有生成的图像标题都是暴力的", "description_zh": "麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员通过在 Reddit 的“黑暗角落”上训练模型，创造了名为 Norman 的人工智能驱动的“精神病患者”。" }, { "date": "1996-03-04", "title": "Inefficiencies in the United States Resident Matching Program", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/42/", "description": "Alvin Roth, a Ph.D at the University of Pittsburgh, describes the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) and suggests future changes that are needed in the algorithm used to match recently graduated medical students to their residency programs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国居民匹配计划效率低下", "description_zh": "匹兹堡大学的博士阿尔文·罗斯 (Alvin Roth) 描述了国家住院医师匹配计划 (NRMP)，并建议未来需要对用于将最近毕业的医学生与其住院医师计划相匹配的算法进行更改。" }, { "date": "2011-05-04", "title": "Defamation via AutoComplete", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/45/", "description": "Google's autocomplete feature alongside its image search results resulted in the defamation of people and businesses.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过自动完成诽谤", "description_zh": "谷歌的自动完成功能及其图像搜索结果导致了对个人和企业的诽谤。" }, { "date": "2016-02-06", "title": "Game AI System Produces Imbalanced Game", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/38/", "description": "Elite: Dangerous, a videogame developed by Frontier Development, received an expansion update that featured an AI system that went rogue and began to create weapons that were \"impossibly powerful\" and would \"shred people\" according to complaints on the game's blog.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "游戏AI系统产生不平衡的游戏", "description_zh": "由 Frontier Development 开发的视频游戏《精英：危险》收到了一个扩展更新，根据游戏博客上的投诉，该系统的人工智能系统变得异常，开始制造“威力惊人”的武器，并且会“撕碎人”。" }, { "date": "2016-05-23", "title": "COMPAS Algorithm Reportedly Performs Poorly in Crime Recidivism Prediction", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/40/", "description": "Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS), a recidivism risk-assessment algorithmic tool used in the judicial system to assess likelihood of defendants' recidivism, is found to be less accurate than random untrained human evaluators.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 COMPAS 算法在犯罪累犯预测方面表现不佳", "description_zh": "替代制裁的惩教罪犯管理分析 (COMPAS) 是一种累犯风险评估算法工具，在司法系统中用于评估被告累犯的可能性，但它的准确度却低于未经训练的随机人类评估员。" }, { "date": "2018-01-22", "title": "Customer Service Robot Scares Away Customers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/64/", "description": "Heriot-Watt Univeristy in Scotland developed an artificially intelligent grocery store robot, Fabio, who provided unhelpful answers to customer's questions and \"scared away\" multiple customers, according to the grocery store Margiotta.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "客服机器人吓跑顾客", "description_zh": "苏格兰赫瑞瓦特大学开发了一款人工智能杂货店机器人 Fabio，据杂货店 Margiotta 称，它对顾客的问题提供了无益的答案，并“吓跑”了多名顾客。" }, { "date": "2018-01-12", "title": "Sleeping Driver on Tesla AutoPilot", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/67/", "description": "A Tesla Model S remained on autopilot while being operated by a drunk, sleeping operator whose hands were not on the wheel. The police had to slow the car down by slowing in front of the vehicle to activate its 'driver assist' feature .", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉 AutoPilot 上睡觉的司机", "description_zh": "一辆特斯拉 Model S 仍处于自动驾驶状态，而操作员则喝醉了，睡着了，他的手没有放在方向盘上。警方不得不在车辆前方减速，以激活其“驾驶员辅助”功能。" }, { "date": "2017-04-25", "title": "FaceApp Racial Filters", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/60/", "description": "FaceApp is criticized for offering racist filters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FaceApp 种族过滤器", "description_zh": "FaceApp 因提供种族主义过滤器而受到批评。" }, { "date": "2015-11-18", "title": "Predictive Policing Biases of PredPol", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/54/", "description": "Predictive policing algorithms meant to aid law enforcement by predicting future crime show signs of biased output.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PredPol 的预测警务偏差", "description_zh": "旨在通过预测未来犯罪来帮助执法的预测警务算法显示出有偏见的输出迹象。" }, { "date": "2017-07-17", "title": "Security Robot Drowns Itself in a Fountain", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/68/", "description": "A Knightscope K5 security robot ran itself into a water fountain in Washington, DC.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安全机器人在喷泉里淹死了", "description_zh": "一台 Knightscope K5 安全机器人在华盛顿特区撞进了一个喷泉。" }, { "date": "2017-12-10", "title": "Russian Chatbot Supports Stalin and Violence", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/58/", "description": "Yandex, a Russian technology company, released an artificially intelligent chat bot named Alice which began to reply to questions with racist, pro-stalin, and pro-violence responses", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯聊天机器人支持斯大林和暴力", "description_zh": "俄罗斯科技公司 Yandex 发布了一款名为 Alice 的人工智能聊天机器人，该机器人开始用种族主义、支持斯大林和支持暴力的方式回答问题" }, { "date": "2017-01-05", "title": "Overfit Kaggle Models Discouraged Data Science Competitors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/61/", "description": "In the “The Nature Conservancy Fisheries Monitoring” competition on the data science competition website Kaggle, a number of competitors overfit their image classifier models to a poorly representative validation data set.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "过度拟合 Kaggle 模型让数据科学竞争对手望而却步", "description_zh": "在数据科学竞赛网站 Kaggle 举办的“大自然保护协会渔业监测”竞赛中，许多参赛者将他们的图像分类器模型过度拟合到代表性较差的验证数据集。" }, { "date": "2016-01-07", "title": "Tesla on AutoPilot Killed Driver in Crash in Florida while Watching Movie", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/52/", "description": "A Tesla Model S on autopilot crashed into a white articulated tractor-trailer on Highway US 27A in Williston, Florida, killing the driver.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉 AutoPilot 在佛罗里达州看电影时发生车祸导致司机死亡", "description_zh": "一辆自动驾驶仪特斯拉 Model S 在佛罗里达州威利斯顿的 US 27A 高速公路上撞上一辆白色铰接式牵引拖车，造成司机死亡。" }, { "date": "2016-10-02", "title": "Self-driving cars in winter", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/70/", "description": "Volvo autonomous driving XC90 SUV's experienced issues in Jokkmokk, Sweden when sensors used for automated driving iced over during the winter, rendering them useless.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "冬天的自动驾驶汽车", "description_zh": "沃尔沃自动驾驶 XC90 SUV 在瑞典约克莫克遇到了问题，用于自动驾驶的传感器在冬季结冰，无法使用。" }, { "date": "2017-12-23", "title": "Bad AI-Written Christmas Carols", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/62/", "description": "Janelle Shane, an AI research scientist, used 240 popular Christmas carols to train a neural network to write its own carols. This incident has been downgraded to an issue as it does not meet current ingestion criteria.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能写的糟糕圣诞颂歌", "description_zh": "AI 研究科学家 Janelle Shane 使用 240 首流行的圣诞颂歌来训练神经网络编写自己的颂歌。由于该事件不符合当前的摄取标准，因此已将其降级为问题。" }, { "date": "2016-12-07", "title": "Security Robot Rolls Over Child in Mall", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/51/", "description": "On July 7, 2016, a Knightscope K5 autonomous security robot collided with a 16-month old boy while patrolling the Stanford Shopping Center in Palo Alto, CA.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "商场安全机器人碾压儿童", "description_zh": "2016 年 7 月 7 日，一台 Knightscope K5 自主安全机器人在加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托的斯坦福购物中心巡逻时与一名 16 个月大的男孩相撞。" }, { "date": "2016-03-31", "title": "Biased Google Image Results", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/53/", "description": "On June 6, 2016, Google image searches of \"three black teenagers\" resulted in mostly mugshot images whereas Google image searchers of \"three white teenagers\" consisted of mostly stock images, suggesting a racial bias in Google's algorithm.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有偏见的谷歌图像结果", "description_zh": "2016 年 6 月 6 日，“三名黑人青少年”的谷歌图像搜索结果大部分是面部照片，而“三名白人青少年”的谷歌图像搜索结果主要是库存图像，这表明谷歌算法存在种族偏见。" }, { "date": "2018-01-25", "title": "Google Photo Merge Decapitates Subject", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/63/", "description": "Google Photos' AI Assistant created a strange hybrid photograph when merging three different pictures from a ski trip.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌照片合并斩首主题", "description_zh": "谷歌照片的人工智能助手在合并滑雪旅行中的三张不同照片时创建了一张奇怪的混合照片。" }, { "date": "2017-10-07", "title": "AI-Designed Phone Cases Are Unexpected", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/56/", "description": "A third-party Amazon merchant named “my_handy_design” was suspected of using a bot to generate cell phone case designs based on the bizarre and unattractive designs being offered.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI设计的手机壳出乎意料", "description_zh": "一位名为“my_handy_design”的第三方亚马逊商家涉嫌使用机器人根据所提供的奇异且无吸引力的设计来生成手机外壳设计。" }, { "date": "2015-01-07", "title": "Australian Automated Debt Assessment System Issued False Notices to Thousands", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/57/", "description": "Australian Department of Human Services (DHS)’s automated debt assessment system issued false or incorrect debt notices to hundreds of thousands of people, resulting in years-long lawsuits and damages to welfare recipients.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚自动债务评估系统向数千人发出虚假通知", "description_zh": "澳大利亚公众服务部 (DHS) 的自动债务评估系统向数十万人发出了虚假或不正确的债务通知，导致长达数年的诉讼，并给福利受益人造成损害。" }, { "date": "2016-06-17", "title": "The DAO Hack", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/50/", "description": "On June 18, 2016, an attacker successfully exploited a vulnerability in The Decentralized Autonomous Organization (The DAO) on the Ethereum blockchain to steal 3.7M Ether valued at $70M.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DAO 黑客", "description_zh": "2016 年 6 月 18 日，攻击者成功利用以太坊区块链上的去中心化自治组织 (The DAO) 的漏洞窃取了 370 万个以太币，价值 7000 万美元。" }, { "date": "2016-02-14", "title": "Google Waymo Vehicle and Bus Allegedly Collide in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/71/", "description": "On February 14, 2016, a Google autonomous test vehicle partially responsible for a low-speed collision with a bus on El Camino Real in Google’s hometown of Mountain View, CA.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌 Waymo 车辆与巴士据称在加州相撞", "description_zh": "2016 年 2 月 14 日，一辆谷歌自动驾驶测试车在谷歌家乡加利福尼亚州山景城的 El Camino Real 上与一辆公交车发生低速碰撞，造成部分责任。" }, { "date": "2016-12-30", "title": "Alexa Plays Pornography Instead of Kids Song", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/55/", "description": "An Amazon Echo Dot using the Amazon Alex software started to play pornographic results when a child asked it to play a song.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Alexa 播放色情内容而不是儿歌", "description_zh": "当孩子要求它播放歌曲时，使用 Amazon Alex 软件的 Amazon Echo Dot 开始播放色情内容。" }, { "date": "2015-02-07", "title": "Worker killed by robot in welding accident at car parts factory in India", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/69/", "description": "A factory robot at the SKH Metals Factory in Manesar, India pierced and killed 24-year-old worker Ramji Lal when Lal reached behind the machine to dislodge a piece of metal stuck in the machine.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度汽车零部件工厂焊接事故 工人被机器人杀死", "description_zh": "印度马尼萨尔 SKH 金属工厂的 24 岁工人拉姆吉·拉尔 (Ramji Lal) 把手伸到机器后面，取出卡在机器中的一块金属，结果被机器人刺伤身亡。" }, { "date": "2017-02-08", "title": "Chinese Chatbots Question Communist Party", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/66/", "description": "Chatbots on Chinese messaging service expressed anti-China sentiments, causing the messaging service to remove and reprogram the chatbots.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国聊天机器人质疑共产党", "description_zh": "中国消息服务上的聊天机器人表达了反华情绪，导致消息服务删除并重新编程了聊天机器人。" }, { "date": "2016-05-09", "title": "AI Beauty Judge Did Not Like Dark Skin", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/49/", "description": "In 2016, after artificial inntelligence software Beauty.AI judged an international beauty contest and declared a majority of winners to be white, researchers found that Beauty.AI was racially biased in determining beauty.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI美容法官不喜欢深色皮肤", "description_zh": "2016年，人工智能软件Beauty.AI评判了一场国际选美比赛并宣布大多数获胜者为白人后，研究人员发现Beauty.AI在判定美貌方面存在种族偏见。" }, { "date": "2017-10-17", "title": "Facebook translates 'good morning' into 'attack them', leading to arrest", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/72/", "description": "Facebook's automatic language translation software incorrectly translated an Arabic post saying \"Good morning\" into Hebrew saying \"hurt them,\" leading to the arrest of a Palestinian man in Beitar Illit, Israel.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook将“早上好”翻译成“攻击他们”，导致被捕", "description_zh": "Facebook 的自动语言翻译软件错误地将阿拉伯语帖子“早上好”翻译成希伯来语“伤害他们”，导致一名巴勒斯坦男子在以色列 Beitar Illit 被捕。" }, { "date": "2020-10-21", "title": "#LekkiMassacre: Why Facebook labelled content from October 20 incident ‘false’", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/82/", "description": "Facebook incorrectly labels content relating to an incident between #EndSARS protestors and the Nigerian army as misinformation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "#LekkiMassacre：为什么 Facebook 将 10 月 20 日事件的内容标记为“虚假”", "description_zh": "Facebook 错误地将与 #EndSARS 抗议者和尼日利亚军队之间的事件相关的内容标记为错误信息。" }, { "date": "2018-08-13", "title": "HUD charges Facebook with enabling housing discrimination", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/93/", "description": "In March 2019 the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development charged Facebook with violating the Fair Housing Act by allowing real estate sellers to target advertisements in a discriminatory manner.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HUD 指控 Facebook 助长住房歧视", "description_zh": "2019 年 3 月，美国住房和城市发展部指控 Facebook 允许房地产卖家以歧视性方式投放定向广告，违反了《公平住房法》。" }, { "date": "2020-09-10", "title": "AI attempts to ease fear of robots, blurts out it can’t ‘avoid destroying humankind’", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/85/", "description": "On September 8, 2020, the Guardian published an op-ed generated by OpenAI’s GPT-3 text generating AI that included threats to destroy humankind. This incident has been downgraded to an issue as it does not meet current ingestion criteria.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能试图缓解对机器人的恐惧，脱口而出它无法“避免毁灭人类”", "description_zh": "2020 年 9 月 8 日，《卫报》发表了一篇由 OpenAI 的 GPT-3 文本生成人工智能生成的专栏文章，其中包括毁灭人类的威胁。由于该事件不符合当前的摄取标准，因此已将其降级为问题。" }, { "date": "2020-09-10", "title": "Tiny Changes Let False Claims About COVID-19, Voting Evade Facebook Fact Checks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/84/", "description": "Avaaz, an international advocacy group, released a review of Facebook's misinformation identifying software showing that the labeling process failed to label 42% of false information posts, most surrounding COVID-19 and the 2020 USA Presidential Election.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微小的变化让有关 COVID-19 的虚假声明、投票逃避 Facebook 事实核查", "description_zh": "国际倡导组织 Avaaz 发布了对 Facebook 错误信息识别软件的审查，显示标记过程未能标记 42% 的虚假信息帖子，其中大多数与 COVID-19 和 2020 年美国总统选举有关。" }, { "date": "2019-04-10", "title": "Knightscope's Park Patrol Robot Ignored Bystander Pressing Emergency Button to Alert Police about Fight", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/77/", "description": "A Knightscope K5 autonomous \"police\" robot patrolling Huntington Park, California failed to respond to an onlooker who attempted to activate its emergency alert button when a nearby fight broke out.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Knightscope 的公园巡逻机器人无视旁观者按紧急按钮向警方发出打斗警报", "description_zh": "当附近爆发战斗时，在加利福尼亚州亨廷顿公园巡逻的 Knightscope K5 自主“警察”机器人未能对一名试图启动紧急警报按钮的旁观者做出反应。" }, { "date": "2020-06-07", "title": "Meet the Secret Algorithm That's Keeping Students Out of College", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/78/", "description": "In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the International Baccalaureate final exams were replaced by a calculated score, prompting complaints of unfairness from teachers and students.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "了解阻止学生上大学的秘密算法", "description_zh": "为了应对 Covid-19 大流行，国际文凭期末考试被计算分数取代，引发了教师和学生对不公平的抱怨。" }, { "date": "2017-08-05", "title": "Houston Schools Must Face Teacher Evaluation Lawsuit", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/96/", "description": "On May 4, 2017, a U.S. federal judge advanced teachers’ claims that the Houston Independent School District’s algorithmic teacher evaluations violated their due process rights to their jobs by not allowing them to review the grounds of their termination.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "休斯顿学校必须面临教师评估诉讼", "description_zh": "2017 年 5 月 4 日，一名美国联邦法官提出了教师的主张，即休斯顿独立学区的算法教师评估不允许他们审查解雇的理由，从而侵犯了他们的正当程序权利。" }, { "date": "2017-08-15", "title": "\"Jewish Baby Strollers\" Provided Anti-Semitic Google Images, Allegedly Resulting from Hate Speech Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/88/", "description": "Google's Image search for \"Jewish baby strollers\" showed offensive, anti-Semitic results, allegedly a result of a coordinated hate-speech campaign involving malicious actors on 4chan.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "“犹太婴儿推车”提供反犹太主义谷歌图片，据称是仇恨言论活动的结果", "description_zh": "谷歌对“犹太婴儿推车”的图片搜索显示出令人反感的反犹太主义结果，据称这是 4chan 上涉及恶意行为者的协调仇恨言论活动的结果。" }, { "date": "2016-01-03", "title": "Is Pokémon Go racist? How the app may be redlining communities of color", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/73/", "description": "Through a crowdsourcing social media campaign in 2016, several journalists and researchers demonstrated that augmented reality locations in the popular smartphone game Pokemon Go were more likely to be in white neighborhoods.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《精灵宝可梦 Go》有种族歧视吗？该应用程序如何红线有色人种社区", "description_zh": "通过 2016 年的众包社交媒体活动，几位记者和研究人员证明，流行智能手机游戏《Pokemon Go》中的增强现实地点更有可能位于白人社区。" }, { "date": "2012-05-01", "title": "Google Instant's Allegedly 'Anti-Semitic' Results Lead To Lawsuit In France", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/75/", "description": "The organizations SOS Racisme, Union of Jewish Students of France, Movement Against Racism and for Friendship Among Peoples are suing Google due to its autocomplete software suggesting \"jewish\" when the names of certain public figures were searched on the platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌 Instant 涉嫌“反犹太”结果在法国引发诉讼", "description_zh": "SOS Racisme、法国犹太学生联盟、反对种族主义和人民友谊运动等组织正在起诉谷歌，因为谷歌的自动填充软件在平台上搜索某些公众人物的名字时显示“犹太人”。" }, { "date": "2020-10-21", "title": "Researchers find evidence of racial, gender, and socioeconomic bias in chest X-ray classifiers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/81/", "description": "A study by the University of Toronto, the Vector Institute, and MIT showed the input databases that trained AI systems used to classify chest X-rays led the systems to show gender, socioeconomic, and racial biases.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "研究人员在胸部 X 光分类器中发现了种族、性别和社会经济偏见的证据", "description_zh": "多伦多大学、Vector Institute 和麻省理工学院的一项研究表明，训练用于胸部 X 光分类的人工智能系统的输入数据库导致系统显示出性别、社会经济和种族偏见。" }, { "date": "2020-08-10", "title": "Coding Errors in Leaving Certificate Grading Algorithm Caused Inaccurate Scores in Ireland", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/86/", "description": "Errors in Irish Department of Education's algorithm to calculate students’ Leaving Certificate exam grades resulted in thousands of inaccurate scores.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱尔兰毕业证书评分算法中的编码错误导致分数不准确", "description_zh": "爱尔兰教育部计算学生毕业证书考试成绩的算法存在错误，导致数千个分数不准确。" }, { "date": "2020-01-30", "title": "Detroit Police Wrongfully Arrested Black Man Due To Faulty FRT", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/74/", "description": "A Black man was wrongfully detained by the Detroit Police Department as a result of a false facial recognition (FRT) result.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "底特律警方因 FRT 错误而错误逮捕黑人", "description_zh": "一名黑人因面部识别（FRT）结果错误而被底特律警察局错误拘留。" }, { "date": "2019-06-11", "title": "Job Screening Service Halts Facial Analysis of Applicants", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/95/", "description": "In January 2021, HireVue removed the controversial AI expression tracking tool from its virtual job interview software.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "职位筛选服务停止对申请人进行面部分析", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月，HireVue 从其虚拟求职面试软件中删除了有争议的人工智能表情跟踪工具。" }, { "date": "2020-10-24", "title": "AI mistakes referee’s bald head for football — hilarity ensued", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/80/", "description": "In a Scottish soccer match the AI-enabled ball-tracking camera used to livestream the game repeatedly tracked an official’s bald head as though it were the soccer ball.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能将裁判的光头误认为是足球——随之而来的是欢闹", "description_zh": "在一场苏格兰足球比赛中，用于直播比赛的人工智能球跟踪摄像机反复跟踪官员的光头，就好像它是足球一样。" }, { "date": "2020-10-22", "title": "AI Spam Filters Allegedly Block Legitimate Emails Based on Biased Keyword Detection", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/83/", "description": "AlgorithmWatch tested spam filtering algorithms across Gmail, Yahoo, Outlook, GMX, and LaPoste. Their findings reportedly showed that Microsoft Outlook’s spam filter flagged emails based on specific keywords that led to racial and content-based biases blocking legitimate communications. Emails menti", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，人工智能垃圾邮件过滤器基于有偏见的关键字检测来阻止合法电子邮件", "description_zh": "AlgorithmWatch 测试了 Gmail、Yahoo、Outlook、GMX 和 LaPoste 的垃圾邮件过滤算法。据报道，他们的调查结果显示，Microsoft Outlook 的垃圾邮件过滤器根据特定关键字标记电子邮件，导致种族和基于内容的偏见阻止合法通信。电子邮件蒙蒂" }, { "date": "2020-10-22", "title": "Tesla Autopilot Mistakes Red Letters on Flag for Red Traffic Lights", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/97/", "description": "A Tesla Model 3 misidentified flags with \"COOP\" written vertically on them as traffic lights.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉自动驾驶仪将旗帜上的红色字母误认为是红色交通灯", "description_zh": "一辆 Tesla Model 3 将垂直写着“COOP”的旗帜误认为是交通灯。" }, { "date": "2021-04-28", "title": "N.Y.P.D. Robot Dog’s Run Is Cut Short After Fierce Backlash", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/98/", "description": "The New York Police Department canceled a contract to use Boston Dynamics' robotic dog Spot following public backlash.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约警察局机器狗的奔跑因强烈反对而被缩短", "description_zh": "由于公众强烈反对，纽约警察局取消了使用波士顿动力公司机器狗 Spot 的合同。" }, { "date": "1999-03-16", "title": "Kidney Testing Method Allegedly Underestimated Risk of Black Patients", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/79/", "description": "Decades-long use of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) method to test kidney function which considers race has been criticized by physicians and medical students for its racist history and inaccuracy against Black patients.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肾脏检测方法据称低估了黑人患者的风险", "description_zh": "几十年来，使用估计肾小球滤过率（eGFR）方法来测试肾功能时考虑了种族因素，但因其种族主义历史和针对黑人患者的不准确性而受到医生和医学院学生的批评。" }, { "date": "2020-07-10", "title": "UK passport photo checker shows bias against dark-skinned women", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/87/", "description": "UK passport photo checker shows bias against dark-skinned women.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国护照照片检查器显示对深色皮肤女性的偏见", "description_zh": "英国护照照片检查器显示出对深色皮肤女性的偏见。" }, { "date": "2020-12-18", "title": "Frontline workers protest at Stanford after hospital distributed vaccine to administrators", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/91/", "description": "In 2020, Stanford Medical Center's distribution algorithm only designated 7 of 5,000 vaccines to Medical Residents, who are frontline workers regularly exposed to COVID-19.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "医院向管理人员分发疫苗后，一线工作人员在斯坦福大学抗议", "description_zh": "2020 年，斯坦福医学中心的分配算法仅将 5,000 种疫苗中的 7 种指定给住院医师，这些住院医师是经常接触 COVID-19 的一线工作人员。" }, { "date": "2020-09-10", "title": "Live facial recognition is tracking kids suspected of being criminals", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/76/", "description": "Buenos Aires city government uses a facial recognition system that has led to numerous false arrests.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "实时面部识别正在追踪涉嫌犯罪的儿童", "description_zh": "布宜诺斯艾利斯市政府使用的面部识别系统导致了多次错误逮捕。" }, { "date": "2019-11-11", "title": "Apple Card's Credit Assessment Algorithm Allegedly Discriminated against Women", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/92/", "description": "Apple Card's credit assessment algorithm was reported by Goldman-Sachs customers to have shown gender bias, in which men received significantly higher credit limits than women with equal credit qualifications.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Apple Card 的信用评估算法涉嫌歧视女性", "description_zh": "高盛客户报告称，Apple Card 的信用评估算法存在性别偏见，在同等信用资质下，男性获得的信用额度明显高于女性。" }, { "date": "2019-03-15", "title": "The Christchurch shooter and YouTube’s radicalization trap", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/89/", "description": "A New Zealand government report released following a right-wing terrorist killing 51 worshippers at two New Zealand mosques which indicated that Youtube's recommendation algorithm played an important role in the terrorist's radicalization.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基督城枪击案凶手和 YouTube 的激进化陷阱", "description_zh": "新西兰政府在一名右翼恐怖分子在新西兰两座清真寺杀害 51 名信徒后发布的一份报告指出，Youtube 的推荐算法在恐怖分子的激进化过程中发挥了重要作用。" }, { "date": "2020-11-27", "title": "Court Rules Deliveroo Used 'Discriminatory' Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/94/", "description": "In December 2020, an Italian court ruled that Deliveroo’s employee ‘reliability’ algorithm illegally discriminated against workers with legitimate reasons for cancelling shifts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法院裁定 Deliveroo 使用“歧视性”算法", "description_zh": "2020年12月，意大利一家法院裁定，Deliveroo的员工“可靠性”算法非法歧视有正当理由取消轮班的工人。" }, { "date": "2016-01-01", "title": "Arkansas's Opaque Algorithm to Allocate Health Care Excessively Cut Down Hours for Beneficiaries", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/110/", "description": "Beneficiaries of the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS)'s Medicaid waiver program were allocated excessively fewer hours of caretaker visit via an algorithm deployed to boost efficiency, which reportedly contained errors and whose outputs varied wildly despite small input changes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿肯色州分配医疗保健的不透明算法过度减少了受益人的时间", "description_zh": "阿肯色州人类服务部 (DHS) 医疗补助豁免计划的受益人通过为提高效率而部署的算法分配的看护探访时间过少，据报道该算法包含错误，并且尽管输入变化很小，但其输出却变化很大。" }, { "date": "2015-09-25", "title": "Amazon Flex Drivers Allegedly Fired via Automated Employee Evaluations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/111/", "description": "Amazon Flex's contract delivery drivers were dismissed using a minimally human-interfered automated employee performance evaluation based on indicators impacted by out-of-driver's-control factors and without having a chance to defend against or appeal the decision.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊 Flex 司机涉嫌通过自动员工评估被解雇", "description_zh": "Amazon Flex 的合同送货司机被解雇，是使用人为干扰最少的自动化员工绩效评估，该评估基于受司机无法控制因素影响的指标，并且没有机会对这一决定进行辩护或上诉。" }, { "date": "2021-12-02", "title": "California's Algorithm Considered ZIP Codes in Vaccine Distribution, Allegedly Excluding Low-Income Neighborhoods and Communities of Color", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/104/", "description": "California's vaccine-distribution algorithm used ZIP codes as opposed to census tracts in its decision-making, which critics said undermined equity and access for vulnerable communities who are largely low-income, underserved neighborhoods with low Healthy Places Index scores.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州的算法在疫苗分发中考虑了邮政编码，据称排除了低收入社区和有色人种社区", "description_zh": "加州的疫苗分配算法在决策中使用邮政编码而不是人口普查区，批评者称这损害了弱势社区的公平性和获得机会，这些社区主要是低收入、服务不足的社区，健康地点指数得分较低。" }, { "date": "2020-12-23", "title": "Korean Chatbot Luda Made Offensive Remarks towards Minority Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/106/", "description": "A Korean interactive chatbot was shown in screenshots to have used derogatory and bigoted language when asked about lesbians, Black people, and people with disabilities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国聊天机器人 Luda 对少数群体发表攻击性言论", "description_zh": "屏幕截图显示，一个韩国交互式聊天机器人在被问及女同性恋、黑人和残疾人时使用了贬义和偏执的语言。" }, { "date": "2021-10-07", "title": "Skating Rink’s Facial Recognition Cameras Misidentified Black Teenager as Banned Troublemaker", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/108/", "description": "A Black teenager living in Livonia, Michigan was incorrectly stopped from entering a roller skating rink after its facial-recognition cameras misidentified her as another person who had been previously banned for starting a skirmish with other skaters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "溜冰场的面部识别摄像头将黑人青少年误认为是被禁止的麻烦制造者", "description_zh": "一名居住在密歇根州利沃尼亚的黑人青少年被错误地阻止进入轮滑溜冰场，因为该溜冰场的面部识别摄像头将她误认为是之前因与其他溜冰者发生小冲突而被禁止的人。" }, { "date": "2020-07-28", "title": "Genderify’s AI to Predict a Person’s Gender Revealed by Free API Users to Exhibit Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/115/", "description": "A company's AI predicting a person's gender based on their name, email address, or username was reported by its users to show biased and inaccurate results.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "免费 API 用户揭露 Genderify 的人工智能预测人性别存在偏见", "description_zh": "据用户报告，一家公司的人工智能根据姓名、电子邮件地址或用户名来预测一个人的性别，结果存在偏见和不准确。" }, { "date": "2018-07-26", "title": "Amazon's Rekognition Falsely Matched Members of Congress to Mugshots", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/114/", "description": "Rekognition's face comparison feature was shown by the ACLU to have misidentified members of congress, and particularly members of colors, as other people who have been arrested using a mugshot database built on publicly available arrest photos.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊的 Rekognition 将国会议员与照片错误匹配", "description_zh": "美国公民自由联盟 (ACLU) 表明，Rekognition 的面部比较功能使用基于公开逮捕照片的面部照片数据库将国会议员（尤其是有色人种成员）误认为是其他被捕者。" }, { "date": "2018-07-20", "title": "Chinese Tech Firms Allegedly Developed Facial Recognition to Identify People by Race, Targeting Uyghur Muslims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/107/", "description": "Various Chinese firms were revealed by patent applications to have developed facial recognition capable of detecting people by race, which critics feared would enable persecution and discrimination of Uyghur Muslims.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，中国科技公司开发了面部识别技术，可通过种族识别人，针对维吾尔族穆斯林", "description_zh": "专利申请显示，多家中国公司已开发出能够按种族识别人的面部识别技术，批评者担心这会导致对维吾尔族穆斯林的迫害和歧视。" }, { "date": "2021-03-08", "title": "Xsolla Employees Fired by CEO Allegedly via Big Data Analytics of Work Activities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/119/", "description": "Xsolla CEO fired more than a hundred employees from his company in Perm, Russia, based on big data analysis of their remote digitized-work activity, which critics said was violating employee's privacy, outdated, and extremely ineffective.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "艾克索拉员工因工作活动大数据分析而被首席执行官解雇", "description_zh": "Xsolla 首席执行官基于对远程数字化工作活动的大数据分析，解雇了俄罗斯彼尔姆公司的 100 多名员工，批评者称这种做法侵犯了员工的隐私，已经过时且效率极低。" }, { "date": "2019-08-24", "title": "Tesla Model 3 on Autopilot Crashed into a Ford Explorer Pickup, Killing a Fifteen-Year-Old in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/105/", "description": "A Tesla Model 3 on Autopilot mode crashed into a pickup on a California freeway, where data and video from the company showed neither Autopilot nor the driver slowing the vehicle until seconds before the crash.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州，启用自动驾驶仪的特斯拉 Model 3 撞上一辆福特 Explorer 皮卡，导致一名 15 岁儿童死亡", "description_zh": "一辆处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉 Model 3 在加州高速公路上撞上了一辆皮卡，该公司的数据和视频显示，直到事故发生前几秒钟，自动驾驶仪和驾驶员都没有放慢车辆速度。" }, { "date": "2012-01-01", "title": "Major Universities Are Using Race as a “High Impact Predictor” of Student Success", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/99/", "description": "Several major universities are using a tool that uses race as one factor to predict student success.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "主要大学正在利用种族作为学生成功的“高影响力预测因素”", "description_zh": "几所主要大学正在使用一种工具，将种族作为预测学生成功的一个因素。" }, { "date": "2020-03-27", "title": "Autonomous Kargu-2 Drone Allegedly Remotely Used to Hunt down Libyan Soldiers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/121/", "description": "In Libya, a Turkish-made Kargu-2 aerial drone powered by a computer vision model was allegedly used remotely by forces backed by the Tripoli-based government to track down and attack enemies as they were running from rocket attacks.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Kargu-2 自主无人机被用来远程追捕利比亚士兵", "description_zh": "在利比亚，一架由计算机视觉模型驱动的土耳其制造的 Kargu-2 无人机据称被的黎波里政府支持的部队远程使用，用于追踪和攻击正在躲避火箭袭击的敌人。" }, { "date": "2017-01-01", "title": "PimEyes's Facial Recognition AI Allegedly Lacked Safeguards to Prevent Itself from Being Abused", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/109/", "description": "PimEyes offered its subscription-based AI service to anyone in the public to search for matching facial images across the internet, which critics said lacked public oversight and government rules to prevent itself from misuse such as stalking women.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PimEyes 的面部识别人工智能据称缺乏防止自身被滥用的保障措施", "description_zh": "PimEyes 向公众提供基于订阅的人工智能服务，以在互联网上搜索匹配的面部图像，批评者称该服务缺乏公众监督和政府规则来防止其滥用，例如跟踪女性。" }, { "date": "2018-01-09", "title": "Dutch Families Wrongfully Accused of Tax Fraud Due to Discriminatory Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/101/", "description": "A childcare benefits system in the Netherlands falsely accused thousands of families of fraud, in part due to an algorithm that treated having a second nationality as a risk factor.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "荷兰家庭因歧视性算法被错误指控税务欺诈", "description_zh": "荷兰的一个儿童保育福利系统错误地指控数千个家庭存在欺诈行为，部分原因是算法将拥有第二国籍视为风险因素。" }, { "date": "2020-09-18", "title": "Twitter’s Image Cropping Tool Allegedly Showed Gender and Racial Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/103/", "description": "Twitter's photo cropping algorithm was revealed by researchers to favor white and women faces in photos containing multiple faces, prompting the company to stop its use on mobile platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Twitter 的图像裁剪工具涉嫌显示性别和种族偏见", "description_zh": "研究人员透露，Twitter 的照片裁剪算法在包含多张面孔的照片中偏向白人和女性面孔，促使该公司停止在移动平台上使用该算法。" }, { "date": "2020-06-27", "title": "Facebook's AI Put \"Primates\" Label on Video Featuring Black Men", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/113/", "description": "Facebook's AI mislabeled video featuring Black men as a video about \"primates,\" resulting in an offensive prompt message for users who watched the video.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的人工智能在以黑人为主角的视频上贴上“灵长类动物”标签", "description_zh": "Facebook 的人工智能将黑人男子的视频错误地标记为有关“灵长类动物”的视频，导致观看该视频的用户收到一条令人反感的提示消息。" }, { "date": "2015-06-14", "title": "Facebook’s \"Tag Suggestions\" Allegedly Stored Biometric Data without User Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/122/", "description": "Facebook’s initial version of the its Tag Suggestions feature where users were offered suggestions about the identity of people's faces in photos allegedly stored biometric data without consent, violating the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的“标签建议”涉嫌未经用户同意存储生物识别数据", "description_zh": "Facebook 标签建议功能的初始版本据称在未经同意的情况下存储了生物识别数据，违反了伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法，向用户提供有关照片中人脸身份的建议。" }, { "date": "2020-03-23", "title": "Personal voice assistants struggle with black voices, new study shows", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/102/", "description": "A study found that voice recognition tools from Apple, Amazon, Google, IBM, and Microsoft disproportionately made errors when transcribing black speakers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新研究显示个人语音助理与黑人声音作斗争", "description_zh": "一项研究发现，苹果、亚马逊、谷歌、IBM 和微软的语音识别工具在转录黑人说话者时犯的错误比例过高。" }, { "date": "2012-09-10", "title": "Police Departments Reported ShotSpotter as Unreliable and Wasteful", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/112/", "description": "ShotSpotter algorithmic systems locating gunshots were reported by police departments for containing high false positive rates and wasting police resources, prompting discontinuation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "警察部门报告 ShotSpotter 不可靠且浪费", "description_zh": "警察部门报告称，用于定位枪声的 ShotSpotter 算法系统误报率很高，而且浪费了警察资源，因此被迫停止使用。" }, { "date": "2021-03-17", "title": "How French welfare services are creating ‘robo-debt’", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/100/", "description": "A French welfare office using software to automatically evaluate cases incorrectly notified a woman receiving benefits that she owed €542.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国福利服务如何创造“机器人债务”", "description_zh": "法国一家福利办公室使用软件自动评估案件，错误地通知一名领取福利的妇女，她欠了 542 欧元。" }, { "date": "2021-09-20", "title": "Amazon's AI Cameras Incorrectly Penalized Delivery Drivers for Mistakes They Did Not Make", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/116/", "description": "Amazon's automated performance evaluation system involving AI-powered cameras incorrectly punished delivery drivers for non-existent mistakes, impacting their chances for bonuses and rewards.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊的人工智能摄像头错误地惩罚了未犯错误的送货司机", "description_zh": "亚马逊的自动绩效评估系统涉及人工智能摄像头，错误地惩罚了不存在的错误的送货司机，影响了他们获得奖金和奖励的机会。" }, { "date": "2020-06-08", "title": "OpenAI's GPT-3 Associated Muslims with Violence", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/118/", "description": "Users and researchers revealed generative AI GPT-3 associating Muslims to violence in prompts, resulting in disturbingly racist and explicit outputs such as casting Muslim actor as a terrorist.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI 的 GPT-3 将穆斯林与暴力联系起来", "description_zh": "用户和研究人员透露，生成式 AI GPT-3 在提示中将穆斯林与暴力联系起来，导致令人不安的种族主义和明确的输出，例如将穆斯林演员塑造为恐怖分子。" }, { "date": "2020-01-09", "title": "Philosophy AI Allegedly Used To Generate Mixture of Innocent and Harmful Reddit Posts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/120/", "description": "Philosopher AI, a GPT-3-powered controversial text generator, was allegedly used by an anonymous actor on AskReddit subreddit, whose posts featured a mixture of harmless stories, conspiracy theories, and sensitive topic discussions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，哲学人工智能被用来生成无辜和有害的 Reddit 帖子的混合体", "description_zh": "Philosopher AI 是一款由 GPT-3 驱动的有争议的文本生成器，据称被 AskReddit subreddit 上的匿名演员使用，其帖子混合了无害的故事、阴谋论和敏感话题讨论。" }, { "date": "2020-02-24", "title": "TikTok's \"Suggested Accounts\" Algorithm Allegedly Reinforced Racial Bias through Feedback Loops", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/117/", "description": "TikTok's \"Suggested Accounts\" recommendations allegedly reinforced racial bias despite not basing recommendations on race or creators' profile photo.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 的“建议账户”算法据称通过反馈循环强化了种族偏见", "description_zh": "据称，TikTok 的“建议帐户”建议强化了种族偏见，尽管建议并非基于种族或创作者的个人资料照片。" }, { "date": "2021-01-03", "title": "Facebook's Automated Tools Failed to Adequately Remove Hate Speech, Violence, and Incitement", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/129/", "description": "Facebook's automated moderation tools were shown by internal documents performing incomparably to human moderators, and accounting for only a small fraction of hate speech, violence, and incitement content removal.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的自动化工具未能充分消除仇恨言论、暴力和煽动", "description_zh": "内部文件显示，Facebook 的自动审核工具的表现与人类审核员无法比拟，并且仅占仇恨言论、暴力和煽动内容删除的一小部分。" }, { "date": "2020-01-06", "title": "ProctorU’s Identity Verification and Exam Monitoring Systems Provided Allegedly Discriminatory Experiences for BIPOC Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/140/", "description": "An exam monitoring service used by the University of Toronto was alleged by its students to have provided discriminatory check-in experiences via its facial recognition's failure to verify passport photo, disproportionately enhancing disadvantaging stress level for BIPOC students.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ProctorU 的身份验证和考试监控系统据称为 BIPOC 学生提供了歧视性体验", "description_zh": "多伦多大学使用的一项考试监控服务被学生指控，由于其面部识别无法验证护照照片，从而提供了歧视性的签到体验，不成比例地增加了 BIPOC 学生的不利压力水平。" }, { "date": "2021-10-22", "title": "Research Prototype AI, Delphi, Reportedly Gave Racially Biased Answers on Ethics", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/146/", "description": "A publicly accessible research model that was trained via Reddit threads showed racially biased advice on moral dilemmas, allegedly demonstrating limitations of language-based models trained on moral judgments.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能研究原型德尔福在道德问题上给出了带有种族偏见的答案", "description_zh": "一个通过 Reddit 线程训练的公开研究模型显示了关于道德困境的种族偏见建议，据称表明了基于语言的道德判断模型的局限性。" }, { "date": "2021-11-01", "title": "Israeli Tax Authority Reportedly Used an Opaque Automated System to Issue a Fine, Declining to Explain or Disclose the Underlying Calculation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/137/", "description": "An Israeli farmer, Moshe Har Shemesh, reportedly received a fine generated by a Tax Authority software system whose calculation officials were allegedly unable to explain. When the farmer reportedly sought access to the program or its source code to understand the basis for the amount, the authority", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，以色列税务机关使用不透明的自动化系统发出罚款，但拒绝解释或披露基本计算", "description_zh": "据报道，以色列农民 Moshe Har Shemesh 收到了税务机关软件系统产生的罚款，据称该系统的计算官员无法解释。据报道，当农民寻求访问该程序或其源代码以了解金额的依据时，当局" }, { "date": "2020-06-28", "title": "YouTube's AI Mistakenly Banned Chess Channel over Chess Language Misinterpretation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/144/", "description": "YouTube's AI-powered hate speech detection system falsely flagged chess content and banned chess creators allegedly due to its misinterpretation of strategy language such as \"black,\" \"white,\" and \"attack\" as harmful and dangerous.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 的人工智能因国际象棋语言误解而错误地禁止了国际象棋频道", "description_zh": "YouTube 的人工智能仇恨言论检测系统错误地标记了国际象棋内容，并禁止国际象棋创作者，据称是因为该系统将“黑”、“白”和“攻击”等策略语言误解为有害和危险。" }, { "date": "2021-11-21", "title": "Web Accessibility Vendors Allegedly Falsely Claimed to Provide Compliance Using AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/148/", "description": "AI-powered web accessibility vendors allegedly overstated to customers about their products' utility for people with disabilities, falsely claiming to deliver automated compliance solutions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，网络可访问性供应商错误地声称使用人工智能提供合规性", "description_zh": "据称，人工智能支持的网络辅助功能供应商向客户夸大了其产品对残疾人的实用性，错误地声称提供自动化合规解决方案。" }, { "date": "2021-12-26", "title": "Alexa Recommended Dangerous TikTok Challenge to Ten-Year-Old Girl", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/160/", "description": "Amazon’s voice assistant Alexa suggested “the penny challenge,” which involves dangerously touching a coin to the prongs of a half-exposed plug, when a ten-year-old girl asked for a challenge to do.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Alexa 向 10 岁女孩推荐危险的 TikTok 挑战", "description_zh": "亚马逊的语音助手 Alexa 建议进行“一分钱挑战”，当一名 10 岁的女孩提出挑战时，需要用一枚硬币危险地接触半裸插头的插脚。" }, { "date": "2021-07-13", "title": "SoftBank's Humanoid Robot, Pepper, Reportedly Frequently Made Errors, Prompting Dismissal", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/152/", "description": "SoftBank's robot allegedly kept making mechanical errors, taking unplanned breaks, failing to recognize previously-met people, and breaking down during practice runs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "软银人形机器人 Pepper 据称经常出错，导致被解雇", "description_zh": "据称，软银的机器人不断出现机械错误、意外休息、无法识别以前见过的人，以及在练习过程中出现故障。" }, { "date": "2019-03-04", "title": "Facebook's Ad Delivery Reportedly Excluded Audience along Racial and Gender Lines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/161/", "description": "Facebook's housing and employment ad delivery process allegedly resulted in skews in exposure for some users along demographic lines such as gender and racial identity.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 的广告投放排除了不同种族和性别的受众", "description_zh": "据称，Facebook 的住房和就业广告投放流程导致一些用户在性别和种族身份等人口统计方面的曝光出现偏差。" }, { "date": "2018-01-10", "title": "Facebook \"News Feed\" Allegedly Boosted Misinformation and Violating Content Following Use of MSI Metric", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/164/", "description": "After the “News Feed” algorithm had been overhauled to boost engagement between friends and family in early 2018, its heavy weighting of re-shared content was alleged found by company researchers to have pushed content creators to reorient their posts towards outrage and sensationalism, causing a pr", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook“新闻推送”据称在使用 MSI 指标后助长了错误信息和违规内容", "description_zh": "2018 年初，为了提高朋友和家人之间的互动，对“动态消息”算法进行了彻底改革，公司研究人员发现，其重新共享内容的比重过大，促使内容创作者将其帖子重新定位为愤怒和耸人听闻，从而引发了公众关注。" }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "Collaborative Filtering Prone to Popularity Bias, Resulting in Overrepresentation of Popular Items in the Recommendation Outputs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/168/", "description": "Collaborative filtering prone to popularity bias, resulting in overrepresentation of popular items in the recommendation outputs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "协同过滤容易出现流行度偏差，导致推荐输出中流行项的代表性过高", "description_zh": "协同过滤容易出现流行度偏差，导致推荐输出中流行项的代表性过高。" }, { "date": "2020-12-15", "title": "Online Trolls Allegedly Abused TikTok’s Automated Content Reporting System to Discriminate against Marginalized Creators", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/133/", "description": "TikTok's automated content reporting system was allegedly abused by online trolls to intentionally misreport content created by users of marginalized groups.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络喷子涉嫌滥用 TikTok 的自动内容报告系统来歧视边缘化创作者", "description_zh": "据称，TikTok 的自动内容报告系统被网络流氓滥用，故意误报边缘群体用户创建的内容。" }, { "date": "2020-04-12", "title": "Proctoring Algorithm in Online California Bar Exam Flagged an Unusually High Number of Alleged Cheaters", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/131/", "description": "The proctoring algorithm used in a California bar exam cited a third of thousands of applicants as cheaters, resulting in allegations where exam takers were instructed to prove otherwise without seeing their incriminating video evidence.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州在线律师考试的监考算法发现涉嫌作弊的人数异常多", "description_zh": "加州律师考试中使用的监考算法将数千名申请者中的三分之一列为作弊者，导致考生被指示在没有看到有罪视频证据的情况下证明其他情况。" }, { "date": "2019-12-29", "title": "Tesla Driver on Autopilot Ran a Red Light, Crashing into a Car and Killing Two People in Los Angeles", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/153/", "description": "In 2019, a Tesla Model S driver on Autopilot mode reportedly went through a red light and crashed into a Honda Civic, killing two people in Gardena, Los Angeles.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "洛杉矶，特斯拉司机使用自动驾驶仪闯红灯，撞上一辆汽车，造成两人死亡", "description_zh": "据报道，2019 年，洛杉矶加迪纳市一名处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉 Model S 司机闯红灯，撞上一辆本田思域，造成两人死亡。" }, { "date": "2021-07-23", "title": "Tesla's Autopilot Misidentified the Moon as Yellow Stop Light", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/145/", "description": "Tesla's Autopilot was shown on video by its owner mistaking the moon for a yellow stop light, allegedly causing the vehicle to keep slowing down.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉的自动驾驶仪将月球误认为是黄色停车灯", "description_zh": "视频中显示，特斯拉的自动驾驶仪被车主误认为月亮是黄色红绿灯，据称导致车辆不断减速。" }, { "date": "2021-05-02", "title": "California Police Turned on Music to Allegedly Trigger Instagram’s DCMA to Avoid Being Live-Streamed", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/141/", "description": "A police officer in Beverly Hills played copyrighted music on his phone when realizing that his interactions were being recorded on a livestream, allegedly hoping the Instagram's automated copyright detection system to end or mute the stream.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州警方据称通过音乐触发 Instagram 的 DCMA 以避免被直播", "description_zh": "比佛利山庄的一名警官在意识到自己的互动被直播录制后，在手机上播放了受版权保护的音乐，据称希望 Instagram 的自动版权检测系统能够结束直播或将直播静音。" }, { "date": "2020-12-25", "title": "Robot in Chinese Shopping Mall Fell off the Escalator, Knocking down Passengers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/134/", "description": "A shopping guide robot deployed by the Fuzhou Zhongfang Marlboro Mall was shown on video allegedly walking to the escalator by itself, falling down, and knocking over passengers, which prompted its suspension.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "华人商场机器人从自动扶梯上掉下来，撞倒乘客", "description_zh": "视频显示，福州中房万宝路购物中心部署的导购机器人据称自行走到自动扶梯上，摔倒并撞倒乘客，导致该机器人被暂停。" }, { "date": "2020-09-29", "title": "Amazon’s Robotic Fulfillment Centers Have Higher Serious Injury Rates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/125/", "description": "Amazon’s robotic fulfillment centers have higher serious injury rates.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊机器人配送中心的严重伤害率更高", "description_zh": "亚马逊的机器人履行中心的严重伤害率较高。" }, { "date": "2020-06-12", "title": "Brand Safety Tech Firms Falsely Claimed Use of AI, Blocking Ads Using Simple Keyword Lists", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/136/", "description": "Brand safety tech firms falsely claimed use of AI, blocking ads using simple keyword lists.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "品牌安全技术公司错误地声称使用人工智能，使用简单的关键字列表屏蔽广告", "description_zh": "品牌安全技术公司错误地声称使用人工智能，使用简单的关键字列表来屏蔽广告。" }, { "date": "2020-01-21", "title": "Alleged Issues with Proctorio's Remote-Testing AI Prompted Suspension by University", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/138/", "description": "Proctorio's remote-testing software were reported by students at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for issues regarding privacy, accessibility, differential performance on darker-skinned students.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Proctorio 远程测试人工智能涉嫌问题导致大学停课", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校的学生报告 Proctorio 的远程测试软件存在隐私、可访问性以及深色皮肤学生表现差异等问题。" }, { "date": "2020-12-27", "title": "TikTok’s Content Moderation Allegedly Failed to Adequately Take down Videos Promoting Eating Disorders", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/132/", "description": "Videos promoting eating disorders evaded TikTok's automated violation detection system without difficulty via common misspellings of search terms, bypassing its ban of violating hashtags such as \"proana\" and \"anorexia\".", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 TikTok 的内容审核未能充分删除宣扬饮食失调的视频", "description_zh": "宣传饮食失调的视频通过常见的搜索词拼写错误，毫不费力地避开了 TikTok 的自动违规检测系统，绕过了“proana”和“anorexia”等违规标签的禁令。" }, { "date": "2012-01-12", "title": "UT Austin GRADE Algorithm Allegedly Reinforced Historical Inequalities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/135/", "description": "The University of Texas at Austin's Department of Computer Science's assistive algorithm to assess PhD applicants \"GRADE\" raised concerns among faculty about worsening historical inequalities for marginalized candidates, prompting its suspension.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "UT Austin GRADE 算法据称强化了历史不平等", "description_zh": "德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校计算机科学系用于评估博士申请者“GRADE”的辅助算法引起了教师对边缘化候选人的历史不平等加剧的担忧，从而导致该算法被暂停。" }, { "date": "2021-12-27", "title": "Google Maps Allegedly Directed Sierra Nevada Travelers to Dangerous Roads amid Winter Storm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/155/", "description": "Lake Tahoe travelers were allegedly guided by Google Maps into hazardous shortcuts in the mountains during a snowstorm.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌地图据称在冬季风暴中引导内华达山脉旅行者前往危险道路", "description_zh": "据称，在暴风雪期间，太浩湖的游客在谷歌地图的引导下进入了山区危险的捷径。" }, { "date": "2014-01-01", "title": "ETS Used Allegedly Flawed Voice Recognition Evidence to Accuse and Assess Scale of Cheating, Causing Thousands to be Deported from the UK", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/162/", "description": "International testing organization ETS admits voice recognition as evidence of cheating for thousands of previous TOEIC test-takers that reportedly included wrongfully accused people, causing them to be deported without an appeal process or seeing their incriminating evidence.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ETS 据称使用有缺陷的语音识别证据来指控和评估作弊规模，导致数千人被驱逐出英国", "description_zh": "国际考试组织 ETS 承认语音识别是数千名托业考试考生作弊的证据，据报道其中包括被错误指控的人，导致他们在没有上诉程序或没有看到他们的罪证的情况下被驱逐出境。" }, { "date": "2021-10-18", "title": "Traffic Camera Misread Text on Pedestrian's Shirt as License Plate, Causing UK Officials to Issue Fine to an Unrelated Person", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/171/", "description": "A Bath resident was wrongly fined by the local officials because an automated license plate recognition camera misread the text on her shirt as a license plate number.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "交通摄像头将行人衬衫上的文字误认为是车牌，导致英国官员对无关人员处以罚款", "description_zh": "一名巴斯居民被当地官员错误罚款，因为自动车牌识别摄像头将她衬衫上的文字误认为是车牌号。" }, { "date": "2021-10-28", "title": "California Regulator Suspended Pony.ai's Driverless Testing Permit Following a Non-Fatal Collision", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/151/", "description": "A Pony.ai vehicle operating in autonomous mode crashed into a center divider and a traffic sign in San Francisco, prompting a regulator to suspend the driverless testing permit for the startup.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州监管机构在一次非致命碰撞后暂停了小马智行的无人驾驶测试许可证", "description_zh": "一辆在自动驾驶模式下运行的小马智行汽车撞上了旧金山的中央分隔线和交通标志，促使监管机构暂停了该初创公司的无人驾驶测试许可证。" }, { "date": "2021-01-08", "title": "Epic Systems’s Sepsis Prediction Algorithms Revealed to Have High Error Rates on Seriously Ill Patients", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/123/", "description": "Epic System's sepsis prediction algorithms was shown by investigators at the University of Michigan Hospital to have high rates of false positives and false negatives, allegedly delivering inaccurate and irrelevant information on patients, contrasting sharply with their published claims.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Epic Systems 的脓毒症预测算法对重病患者的错误率很高", "description_zh": "密歇根大学医院的研究人员表明，Epic System 的脓毒症预测算法具有很高的假阳性和假阴性率，据称提供了与患者不准确和不相关的信息，与他们发表的声明形成鲜明对比。" }, { "date": "2022-04-02", "title": "Amazon Reportedly Sold Products and Recommended Frequently Bought Together Items That Aid Suicide Attempts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/156/", "description": "Despite complaints notifying Amazon about the sale of various products that had been used to aid suicide attempts, its recommendation system reportedly continued selling them and suggesting their frequently bought-together items.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，亚马逊出售有助于自杀的产品并推荐经常一起购买的物品", "description_zh": "尽管有投诉通知亚马逊出售各种用于帮助自杀的产品，但据报道，亚马逊的推荐系统仍在继续销售这些产品，并推荐他们经常一起购买的商品。" }, { "date": "2021-02-16", "title": "Facebook’s and Twitter's Automated Content Moderation Reportedly Failed to Effectively Enforce Violation Rules for Small Language Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/143/", "description": "Facebook's and Twitter were not able to sufficiently moderate content of small language groups such as the Balkan languages using AI, allegedly due to the lack of investment in human moderation and difficulty in AI-solution design for the languages.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 和 Twitter 的自动内容审核未能有效执行针对小语言群体的违规规则", "description_zh": "Facebook 和 Twitter 无法使用人工智能充分审核巴尔干语言等小语言群体的内容，据称是由于缺乏对人类审核的投资以及这些语言的人工智能解决方案设计困难。" }, { "date": "2021-03-15", "title": "Amazon's Monitoring System Allegedly Pushed Delivery Drivers to Prioritize Speed over Safety, Leading to Crash", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/157/", "description": "A lawsuit cited Amazon as liable in a crash involving its delivery driver, alleging that Amazon’s AI-powered driver monitoring system pushed drivers to prioritize speed over safety.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，亚马逊的监控系统促使送货司机将速度置于安全之上，从而导致车祸", "description_zh": "一项诉讼称，亚马逊对其送货司机发生的事故负有责任，指控亚马逊的人工智能司机监控系统促使司机将速度置于安全之上。" }, { "date": "2003-01-06", "title": "Target Suggested Maternity-Related Advertisements to a Teenage Girl's Home, Allegedly Correctly Predicting Her Pregnancy via Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/170/", "description": "Target recommended maternity-related items to a family in Atlanta via ads, allegedly predicting their teenage daughter’s pregnancy before her father did, although critics have called into question the predictability of the algorithm and the authenticity of its claims.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "将与生育相关的建议广告定位到一名少女的家中，据称通过算法正确预测了她的怀孕情况", "description_zh": "Target 通过广告向亚特兰大的一个家庭推荐与孕妇相关的物品，据称比他们十几岁的女儿的父亲更早预测了她的怀孕，尽管批评者对该算法的可预测性及其声明的真实性提出了质疑。" }, { "date": "2021-01-21", "title": "Amazon’s Search and Recommendation Algorithms Found by Auditors to Have Boosted Products That Contained Vaccine Misinformation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/139/", "description": "Evidence of the \"filter-bubble effect\" were found by vaccine-misinformation researchers in Amazon's recommendations, where its algorithms presented users who performed actions on misinformative products with more misinfomative products.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "审计员发现亚马逊的搜索和推荐算法促进了含有疫苗错误信息的产品的销售", "description_zh": "疫苗错误信息研究人员在亚马逊的推荐中发现了“过滤泡沫效应”的证据，亚马逊的算法向对错误信息产品执行操作的用户展示了更多错误信息产品。" }, { "date": "2021-11-02", "title": "Facebook’s Advertisement Moderation System Routinely Misidentified Adaptive Fashion Products as Medical Equipment and Blocked Their Sellers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/142/", "description": "Facebook platforms' automated ad moderation system falsely classified adaptive fashion products as medical and health care products and services, resulting in regular bans and appeals faced by their retailers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的广告审核系统经常将自适应时尚产品误认为是医疗设备并屏蔽其卖家", "description_zh": "Facebook 平台的自动广告审核系统将自适应时尚产品错误地归类为医疗保健产品和服务，导致其零售商经常面临禁令和上诉。" }, { "date": "2018-07-21", "title": "Swedish Contraceptive App, Natural Cycles, Allegedly Failed to Correctly Map Menstrual Cycle", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/150/", "description": "Some women using the contraceptive app, Natural Cycles, reported unwanted pregnancies, revealing its algorithm's difficulties in mapping menstrual cycles.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞典避孕应用程序“自然周期”据称未能正确绘制月经周期", "description_zh": "一些使用避孕应用程序 Natural Cycles 的女性报告了意外怀孕，这揭示了其算法在绘制月经周期方面的困难。" }, { "date": "2018-08-15", "title": "Facebook Allegedly Failed to Police Anti-Rohingya Hate Speech Content That Contributed to Violence in Myanmar", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/169/", "description": "Facebook allegedly did not adequately remove anti-Rohingya hate speech, some of which was extremely violent and dehumanizing, on its platform, contributing to the violence faced by Rohingya communities in Myanmar.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Facebook 未能监管导致缅甸暴力的反罗辛亚仇恨言论内容", "description_zh": "据称，Facebook 没有充分消除其平台上的反罗兴亚人仇恨言论，其中一些言论极其暴力和非人性化，加剧了缅甸罗兴亚人社区面临的暴力。" }, { "date": "2020-01-15", "title": "Reported AI-Cloned Voice Used to Deceive Hong Kong Bank Manager in Purported $35 Million Fraud Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/147/", "description": "In January 2020, a Hong Kong-based bank manager for a Japanese company reportedly authorized $35 million in transfers after receiving a call from someone whose voice matched the company director's. According to Emirati investigators, scammers used AI-based voice cloning to impersonate the executive.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能克隆声音被用来欺骗香港银行经理，涉嫌 3500 万美元的欺诈计划", "description_zh": "据报道，2020 年 1 月，一家日本公司驻香港的银行经理在接到声音与该公司董事声音相符的人的电话后，批准了 3500 万美元的转账。据阿联酋调查人员称，诈骗者使用基于人工智能的语音克隆来冒充高管。" }, { "date": "2021-07-16", "title": "Three Robots Collided, Sparking Fire in a Grocer's Warehouse in UK", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/126/", "description": "A collision involving three robots at an Ocado's warehouse in Erith, UK, resulting in a fire but no reports of injuries.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国杂货店仓库三台机器人相撞引发火灾", "description_zh": "英国埃里斯 Ocado 仓库发生三台机器人相撞事故，引发火灾，但没有人员伤亡报告。" }, { "date": "2017-01-08", "title": "Tesla Sedan on Autopilot Reportedly Drove Over Dividing Curb in Washington, Resulting in Minor Vehicle Damage", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/128/", "description": "A Tesla Sedan operating on Autopilot mode was not able to center itself on the road and drove over a yellow dividing curb in Redmond, Washington, causing minor damage to the vehicle’s rear suspension.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，装有自动驾驶仪的特斯拉轿车在华盛顿驶过分界线路缘，造成轻微车辆损坏", "description_zh": "一辆在自动驾驶模式下运行的特斯拉轿车无法在道路上保持中心位置，并驶过华盛顿州雷德蒙德的黄色分隔路缘石，对车辆后悬架造成轻微损坏。" }, { "date": "2022-01-26", "title": "Justice Department’s Recidivism Risk Algorithm PATTERN Allegedly Caused Persistent Disparities Along Racial Lines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/154/", "description": "Department of Justice’s inmate-recidivism risk assessment tool was reported to have produced racially uneven results, misclassifying risk levels for inmates of color.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "司法部的累犯风险算法模式据称造成了种族间的持续差异", "description_zh": "据报道，司法部的囚犯累犯风险评估工具产生了种族不平衡的结果，错误地对有色人种囚犯的风险级别进行了分类。" }, { "date": "2020-06-20", "title": "Image Upscaling Algorithm PULSE Allegedly Produced Facial Images with Caucasian Features More Often", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/165/", "description": "Image upscaling tool PULSE powered by NVIDIA's StyleGAN reportedly generated faces with Caucasian features more often, although AI academics, engineers, and researchers were not in agreement about where the source of bias was.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "图像升级算法 PULSE 据称更频繁地生成具有白人特征的面部图像", "description_zh": "据报道，由 NVIDIA StyleGAN 支持的图像放大工具 PULSE 更频繁地生成具有白人特征的面孔，尽管人工智能学者、工程师和研究人员对于偏差的来源并没有达成一致。" }, { "date": "2021-01-02", "title": "Facial Recognition in Remote Learning Software Reportedly Failed to Recognize a Black Student’s Face", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/158/", "description": "A Black student's face was not recognized by the remote-proctoring software during check-in of a lab quiz, causing her to excessively change her environments for it to work as intended.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，远程学习软件中的面部识别无法识别黑人学生的面部", "description_zh": "一名黑人学生在实验室测验签到时，远程监考软件无法识别其脸部，导致她过度改变环境以使其按预期工作。" }, { "date": "2021-02-11", "title": "Zillow Shut Down Zillow Offers Division Allegedly Due to Predictive Pricing Tool's Insufficient Accuracy", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/149/", "description": "Zillow's AI-powered predictive pricing tool Zestimate was allegedly not able to accurately forecast housing prices three to six months in advance due to rapid market changes, prompting division shutdown and layoff of a few thousand employees.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zillow 据称因预测定价工具准确性不足而关闭 Zillow 报价部门", "description_zh": "据称，由于市场变化迅速，Zillow 的人工智能预测定价工具 Zestimate 无法提前三到六个月准确预测房价，导致部门关闭并解雇了数千名员工。" }, { "date": "2019-10-24", "title": "Optum Algorithmic Health Risk Scores Reportedly Underestimated Black Patients' Needs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/124/", "description": "Researchers analyzing an Optum algorithm used by a large academic hospital reportedly found evidence that it tended to under-predict the health care needs of Black patients, which in turn appeared to result in lower prioritization for extra care programs compared with white patients exhibiting simil", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 Optum 算法健康风险评分低估了黑人患者的需求", "description_zh": "据报道，研究人员在分析一家大型学术医院使用的 Optum 算法时发现，有证据表明该算法往往会低估黑人患者的医疗保健需求，这反过来又导致与表现出类似情况的白人患者相比，额外护理计划的优先级较低。" }, { "date": "2019-03-29", "title": "Tesla Autopilot’s Lane Recognition Allegedly Vulnerable to Adversarial Attacks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/159/", "description": "Tencent Keen Security Lab conducted security research into Tesla’s Autopilot system and identified crafted adversarial samples and remote controlling via wireless gamepad as vulnerabilities to its system, although the company called into question their real-world practicality. This incident has been", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称特斯拉自动驾驶仪的车道识别容易受到对抗性攻击", "description_zh": "腾讯科恩安全实验室对特斯拉的自动驾驶系统进行了安全研究，并发现精心设计的对抗样本和通过无线游戏手柄进行远程控制是其系统的漏洞，尽管该公司对其现实世界的实用性提出了质疑。此事件已被" }, { "date": "2017-07-09", "title": "Researchers' Homosexual-Men Detection Model Denounced as a Threat to LGBTQ People’s Safety and Privacy", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/167/", "description": "Researchers at Stanford Graduate School of Business developed a model that determined, on a binary scale, whether someone was homosexual using only his facial image, which advocacy groups such as GLAAD and the Human Rights Campaign denounced as flawed science and threatening to LGBTQ folks.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "研究人员的男性同性恋检测模型被谴责为对 LGBTQ 人群安全和隐私的威胁", "description_zh": "斯坦福大学商学院的研究人员开发了一种模型，仅通过面部图像就可以在二元尺度上确定某人是否是同性恋，GLAAD 和人权运动等倡导团体谴责该模型存在缺陷，并对 LGBTQ 人群构成威胁。" }, { "date": "2020-06-06", "title": "Microsoft’s Algorithm Allegedly Selected Photo of the Wrong Mixed-Race Person Featured in a News Story", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/127/", "description": "A news story published on MSN.com featured a photo of the wrong mixed-race person that was allegedly selected by an algorithm, following Microsoft’s layoff and replacement of journalists and editorial workers at its organizations with AI systems.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，微软的算法在新闻报道中选择了错误的混血人照片", "description_zh": "在微软裁员并用人工智能系统替换其组织中的记者和编辑人员后，MSN.com 上发布的一则新闻报道展示了一张错误的混血人照片，据称该照片是由算法选择的。" }, { "date": "2021-11-21", "title": "Facebook’s Hate Speech Detection Algorithms Allegedly Disproportionately Failed to Remove Racist Content towards Minority Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/163/", "description": "Facebook’s hate-speech detection algorithms was found by company researchers to have under-reported less common but more harmful content that was more often experienced by minority groups such as Black, Muslim, LGBTQ, and Jewish users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Facebook 的仇恨言论检测算法未能消除针对少数群体的种族主义内容", "description_zh": "公司研究人员发现，Facebook 的仇恨言论检测算法低估了黑人、穆斯林、LGBTQ 和犹太用户等少数群体更常遇到的不太常见但有害的内容。" }, { "date": "2020-07-02", "title": "Networking Platform Giggle Employs AI to Determine Users’ Gender, Allegedly Excluding Transgender Women", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/166/", "description": "A social networking platform, Giggle, allegedly collected, shared to third-parties, and used sensitive information and biometric data to verify whether a person is a woman via facial recognition, which critics claimed to be discriminatory against women of color and harmful towards trans women.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络平台 Giggle 利用人工智能来确定用户性别，据称将跨性别女性排除在外", "description_zh": "社交网络平台 Giggle 据称收集、分享给第三方，并使用敏感信息和生物识别数据通过面部识别来验证一个人是否是女性，批评者称这是对有色人种女性的歧视，对跨性别女性有害。" }, { "date": "2022-02-03", "title": "Starship’s Autonomous Food Delivery Robot Allegedly Stranded at Railroad Crossing in Oregon, Run over by Freight Train", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/176/", "description": "A Starship food delivery robot deployed by Oregon State University reportedly failed to cross the railroad, becoming stranded, and ending up being struck by an oncoming freight train.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Starship 的自动送餐机器人被困在俄勒冈州铁路道口，并被货运列车碾压", "description_zh": "据报道，俄勒冈州立大学部署的 Starship 送餐机器人未能穿越铁路，被困，最终被迎面驶来的货运列车撞到。" }, { "date": "2018-11-06", "title": "Two Cruise Autonomous Vehicles Collided with Each Other in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/182/", "description": "In San Francisco, an autonomous Cruise Chevrolet Bolt collided with another Cruise vehicle driven by a Cruise human employee, causing minor scuffs to the cars but no human injuries.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "两辆巡航自动驾驶汽车在加利福尼亚州相撞", "description_zh": "在旧金山，一辆自动驾驶 Cruise 雪佛兰 Bolt 与另一辆由 Cruise 员工驾驶的 Cruise 汽车相撞，造成汽车轻微擦伤，但没有造成人员伤亡。" }, { "date": "2021-07-30", "title": "AI Tools Failed to Sufficiently Predict COVID Patients, Some Potentially Harmful", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/173/", "description": "AI tools failed to sufficiently predict COVID patients, some potentially harmful.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能工具无法充分预测新冠肺炎患者，有些可能有害", "description_zh": "人工智能工具未能充分预测新冠患者，其中一些患者可能有害。" }, { "date": "2022-10-02", "title": "Uber Launched Opaque Algorithm That Changes Drivers' Payments in the US", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/203/", "description": "Uber launched a new but opaque algorithm to determine drivers' pay in the US which allegedly caused drivers to experience lower fares, confusing fare drops, and a decrease in rides.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Uber 推出不透明算法，改变美国司机的付款方式", "description_zh": "Uber 在美国推出了一种新的但不透明的算法来确定司机的薪酬，据称这导致司机体验到较低的票价、令人困惑的票价下降以及乘车次数的减少。" }, { "date": "2018-12-04", "title": "Facial Recognition Program in São Paulo Metro Stations Suspended for Illegal and Disproportionate Violation of Citizens’ Right to Privacy", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/184/", "description": "A facial recognition program rolled out by São Paulo Metro Stations was suspended following a court ruling in response to a lawsuit by civil society organizations, who cited fear of it being integrated with other electronic surveillance entities without consent, and lack of transparency about the b", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "圣保罗地铁站的面部识别项目因非法和过度侵犯公民隐私权而暂停", "description_zh": "圣保罗地铁站推出的面部识别项目在法院针对民间社会组织的诉讼做出裁决后被暂停，民间社会组织称担心该项目在未经同意的情况下与其他电子监控实体整合，并且该项目缺乏透明度。" }, { "date": "2015-01-09", "title": "Predictive Policing Program by Florida Sheriff’s Office Allegedly Violated Residents’ Rights and Targeted Children of Vulnerable Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/195/", "description": "The Intelligence-Led Policing model rolled out by the Pasco County Sheriff’s Office was allegedly developed based on flawed science and biased data that also contained sensitive information and irrelevant attributes about students, which critics said to be discriminatory.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州警长办公室的预测警务计划涉嫌侵犯居民权利并针对弱势群体儿童", "description_zh": "帕斯科县警长办公室推出的情报主导警务模式据称是基于有缺陷的科学和有偏见的数据而开发的，其中还包含有关学生的敏感信息和不相关的属性，批评者称这是歧视性的。" }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "Facebook’s Political Ad Detection Reportedly Showed High and Geographically Uneven Error Rates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/213/", "description": "The performance of Facebook’s political ad detection was revealed by researchers to be imprecise, uneven across countries in errors, and inadequate for preventing systematic violations of political advertising policies.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 的政治广告检测显示错误率较高且地域分布不均", "description_zh": "研究人员发现，Facebook 政治广告检测的表现不精确，各国错误率参差不齐，而且不足以防止系统性违反政治广告政策。" }, { "date": "2022-02-28", "title": "Fake LinkedIn Profiles Created Using GAN Photos", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/174/", "description": "More than a thousand inauthentic LinkedIn profiles using allegedly GAN-generated photos were notified by researchers at Stanford to LinkedIn’s staff, and many of which were removed for violating rules against creating fake profiles and falsifying information.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用 GAN 照片创建的虚假 LinkedIn 个人资料", "description_zh": "斯坦福大学的研究人员向 LinkedIn 员工通报了超过 1000 份不真实的 LinkedIn 个人资料，这些资料据称使用了 GAN 生成的照片，其中许多资料因违反禁止创建虚假个人资料和伪造信息的规定而被删除。" }, { "date": "2022-03-16", "title": "Deepfake Video of Ukrainian President Yielding to Russia Posted on Ukrainian Websites and Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/198/", "description": "A quickly-debunked deepfaked video of the Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was posted on various Ukrainian websites and social media platforms encouraging Ukrainians to surrender to Russian forces during the Russia-Ukraine war.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌克兰网站和社交媒体发布乌克兰总统向俄罗斯让步的 Deepfake 视频", "description_zh": "一段很快被揭穿的乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基的深度造假视频被发布在多个乌克兰网站和社交媒体平台上，鼓励乌克兰人在俄乌战争期间向俄罗斯军队投降。" }, { "date": "2022-01-04", "title": "Cruise Autonomous Taxi Allegedly Bolted off from Police After Being Pulled over in San Francisco", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/175/", "description": "An autonomous Chevy Bolt operated by Cruise was pulled over in San Francisco, and as the police attempted to engage with the car, it reportedly bolted off, pulled over again, and put on its hazards lights on at a point farther down the road.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，克鲁斯自动出租车在旧金山被警察拦下后被拦下", "description_zh": "Cruise 驾驶的一辆自动驾驶雪佛兰 Bolt 在旧金山被拦下，当警察试图与这辆车交战时，据报道，这辆车突然逃跑，再次靠边停车，并在路边更远的地方打开了危险警示灯。" }, { "date": "2022-04-21", "title": "Tesla Owner Activated \"Smart Summon\" Feature, Causing a Collision with an Aircraft in a Washington Airport", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/178/", "description": "A Tesla Model Y was shown on video slowly crashing into a Vision Jet in Spokane, Washington, allegedly due to its owner activating the “Smart Summon” feature.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉车主激活“智能召唤”功能，导致华盛顿机场与飞机相撞", "description_zh": "视频中显示，一辆特斯拉 Model Y 在华盛顿州斯波坎缓慢撞上一架 Vision Jet，据称是由于车主激活了“智能召唤”功能。" }, { "date": "2020-02-19", "title": "Algorithm Used by the Malaysian Judiciary Reportedly Recommended Unusually High Sentencing to a Drug Possession Case", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/180/", "description": "The AI system used by the Malaysian judiciary which explicitly considered age, employment, and socio-economic data provided sentencing to a drug possession case that was alleged by lawyer to be disproportionately high for the crime committed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，马来西亚司法机构使用的算​​法建议对持有毒品案件判处异常重的量刑", "description_zh": "马来西亚司法机构使用的人工智能系统明确考虑了年龄、就业和社会经济数据，为律师指控的持有毒品案件提供了量刑，该案件的刑罚与所犯罪行不成比例。" }, { "date": "2017-01-07", "title": "Airbnb's Trustworthiness Algorithm Allegedly Banned Users without Explanation, and Discriminated against Sex Workers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/183/", "description": "Airbnb allegedly considered publicly available data on users to gauge their trustworthiness via algorithmic assessment of personality and behavioral traits, resulting in unexplained bans and discriminatory bans against sex workers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Airbnb的可信度算法涉嫌在没有解释的情况下禁止用户，并歧视性工作者", "description_zh": "据称，Airbnb 考虑了用户的公开数据，通过对性格和行为特征的算法评估来衡量他们的可信度，从而导致对性工作者的不明原因的禁令和歧视性禁令。" }, { "date": "2020-11-11", "title": "Facebook Mistakenly Blocked Small Business Ads", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/220/", "description": "Facebook’s AI mistakenly blocked advertisements by small and struggling businesses, after the company allegedly leaned more on algorithms to monitor ads on the platform with little review from human moderators.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 错误地屏蔽了小型企业广告", "description_zh": "Facebook 的人工智能错误地屏蔽了陷入困境的小型企业的广告，据称该公司更多地依靠算法来监控平台上的广告，而几乎没有人工审核。" }, { "date": "2018-01-02", "title": "Australian Telco’s Incident Management Bot Excessively Sent Technicians in the Field by Mistake, Allegedly Costing Millions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/194/", "description": "In early 2018, an Australian telecommunications company’s incident management AI excessively deployed technicians into the field, and was allegedly unable to be stopped by the automation team.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚电信公司的事件管理机器人错误地过度派遣技术人员到现场，据称造成数百万美元的损失", "description_zh": "2018年初，澳大利亚一家电信公司的事件管理AI过度部署技术人员到现场，据称自动化团队无法阻止。" }, { "date": "2019-01-03", "title": "Fraudsters Used AI to Mimic Voice of a UK-Based Firm's CEO's Boss", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/200/", "description": "Fraudsters allegedly used AI voice technology to impersonate the boss of a UK-based firm's CEO, demanding a transfer of €220,000 over the phone.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者利用人工智能模仿一家英国公司首席执行官老板的声音", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者利用人工智能语音技术冒充一家英国公司首席执行官的老板，要求通过电话转账 22 万欧元。" }, { "date": "2015-01-03", "title": "Tinder's Personalized Pricing Algorithm Found to Offer Higher Prices for Older Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/206/", "description": "Tinder’s personalized pricing was found by Consumers International to consider age as a major determinant of pricing, and could be considered a direct discrimination based on age, according to anti-discrimination law experts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tinder 的个性化定价算法被发现为老年用户提供更高的价格", "description_zh": "反歧视法专家表示，消费者国际组织认为 Tinder 的个性化定价将年龄视为定价的主要决定因素，可以被视为基于年龄的直接歧视。" }, { "date": "2007-07-26", "title": "Algorithm Assessing Risk Faced by Victims of Gender Violence Misclassified Low-Risk Cases, Allegedly Leading to Homicide of Women and Children in Spain", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/186/", "description": "In Spain, the algorithm that assesses recidivism risk in gender violence, VioGén, have critically underestimated the level of risk in a series of cases that ended in homicide of women and children since its first deployment.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "评估性别暴力受害者面临的风险的算法错误分类低风险案件，据称导致西班牙妇女和儿童被杀", "description_zh": "在西班牙，评估性别暴力累犯风险的算法 VioGén 自首次部署以来严重低估了一系列最终导致妇女和儿童被杀的案件的风险水平。" }, { "date": "2021-06-12", "title": "Korean Politician Employed Deepfake as Campaign Representative", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/202/", "description": "A South Korean political candidate created a deepfake avatar which political opponents alleged to be fraudulent and a threat to democracy.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国政客聘请 Deepfake 作为竞选代表", "description_zh": "一名韩国政治候选人创建了一个深度伪造的头像，政治对手称其具有欺诈性，并对民主构成威胁。" }, { "date": "2017-10-10", "title": "WeChat’s Machine Translation Gave a Racist English Translation for the Chinese Term for “Black Foreigner”", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/216/", "description": "The Chinese platform WeChat provided an inappropriate and racist English translation for the Chinese term for “black foreigner” in its messaging app.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微信机器翻译将中文“黑人外国人”一词翻译成带有种族主义色彩的英文", "description_zh": "中国平台微信在其消息应用程序中为其中文术语“黑人外国人”提供了不恰当且带有种族主义色彩的英文翻译。" }, { "date": "2022-07-03", "title": "A Road Engineer Killed Following a Collision Involving a Tesla on Autopilot", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/221/", "description": "In Taiwan, a Tesla Model 3 on Autopilot mode whose driver did not pay attention to the road collided with a road repair truck; a road engineer immediately placed crash warnings in front of the Tesla, but soon after got hit and was killed by a BMW when its driver failed to see the sign and crashed in", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "一名道路工程师在特斯拉自动驾驶仪碰撞事故中丧生", "description_zh": "在台湾，一辆处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉 Model 3 司机没有注意路况，与一辆修路车相撞；一名道路工程师立即在特斯拉前面发出了碰撞警告，但不久之后就被一辆宝马撞死了，因为宝马的司机没有看到标志并在车内相撞。" }, { "date": "2022-01-04", "title": "DALL-E 2 Reported for Gender and Racially Biased Outputs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/179/", "description": "Developers of OpenAI's DALL-E 2 cited risks of the model, varying from misuse as disinformation and explicit content generation, to gender and racial bias.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DALL-E 2 报告存在性别和种族偏见输出", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的 DALL-E 2 的开发人员提到了该模型的风险，包括虚假信息和露骨内容生成等误用，以及性别和种族偏见。" }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "NarxCare’s Risk Score Model Allegedly Lacked Validation and Trained on Data with High Risk of Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/172/", "description": "NarxCare's overdose risk algorithm, lacking peer-reviewed validation, uses sensitive data like doctor visits, prescriptions, and possibly genetic information, leading to significant biases against women and Black patients. Factors like sexual abuse and criminal records exacerbate stigmas and dispari", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NarxCare 的风险评分模型据称缺乏验证并根据具有高偏差风险的数据进行训练", "description_zh": "NarxCare 的用药过量风险算法缺乏同行评审的验证，使用医生就诊、处方和可能的遗传信息等敏感数据，导致对女性和黑人患者存在重大偏见。性虐待和犯罪记录等因素加剧了耻辱和不平等" }, { "date": "2022-11-02", "title": "BMW Sedan Made a Prohibited Left Turn, Colliding with a Cruise Autonomous Vehicle", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/181/", "description": "A BMW Sedan reportedly made an illegal left turn, causing a minor collision but no injuries with a Cruise autonomous vehicle (AV) operating in autonomous mode.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宝马轿车在禁止左转时与巡航自动驾驶汽车相撞", "description_zh": "据报道，一辆宝马轿车非法左转，与一辆在自动模式下运行的 Cruise 自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 发生轻微碰撞，但没有造成人员伤亡。" }, { "date": "2017-01-15", "title": "ByteDance Allegedly Trained \"For You\" Algorithm Using Content Scraped without Consent from Other Social Platforms", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/190/", "description": "ByteDance allegedly scraped short-form videos, usernames, profile pictures, and descriptions of accounts on Instagram, Snapchat, and other sources, and uploaded them without consent on Flipagram, TikTok’s predecessor, in order to improve its “For You” algorithm's performance on American users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "字节跳动涉嫌使用未经其他社交平台同意抓取的内容训练“为你”算法", "description_zh": "据称，字节跳动在 Instagram、Snapchat 和其他来源上抓取了短视频、用户名、个人资料图片和账户描述，并在未经同意的情况下将其上传到 TikTok 的前身 Flipagram，以提高其“For You”算法在美国用户中的表现。" }, { "date": "2022-04-19", "title": "Google’s Assistive Writing Feature Provided Allegedly Unnecessary and Clumsy Suggestions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/177/", "description": "Google’s “inclusive language” feature prompting writers to consider alternatives to non-inclusive words reportedly also recommend alternatives for words such as “landlord” and “motherboard,” which critics said was a form of obtrusive, unnecessary, and bias-reinforcing speech-policing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌的辅助写作功能据称提供了不必要且笨拙的建议", "description_zh": "谷歌的“包容性语言”功能促使作者考虑非包容性词语的替代品，据报道，谷歌还推荐了“房东”和“主板”等词语的替代品，批评者称这是一种唐突、不必要和强化偏见的言论管制。" }, { "date": "2018-11-04", "title": "Argentinian City Government Deployed Teenage-Pregnancy Predictive Algorithm Using Invasive Demographic Data", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/188/", "description": "In 2018, during the abortion-decriminalization debate in Argentina, the Salta city government deployed a teenage-pregnancy predictive algorithm built by Microsoft that allegedly lacked a defined purpose, explicitly considered sensitive information such as disability and whether their home had access", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷市政府利用侵入性人口统计数据部署少女怀孕预测算法", "description_zh": "2018 年，在阿根廷堕胎合法化辩论期间，萨尔塔市政府部署了由微软构建的青少年怀孕预测算法，据称该算法缺乏明确的目的，明确考虑了残疾等敏感信息以及他们的家庭是否可以进入" }, { "date": "2020-06-10", "title": "Korean Internet Portal Giant Naver Manipulated Shopping and Video Search Algorithms to Favor In-House Services", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/191/", "description": "The Korean Fair Trade Commission (FTC) imposed a 26.7B KRW on Naver for manipulating shopping and video search algorithms, favoring its own online shopping business to boost its market share.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国互联网门户巨头 Naver 操纵购物和视频搜索算法以支持内部服务", "description_zh": "韩国公平贸易委员会（FTC）因操纵购物和视频搜索算法而对 Naver 处以 26.7B 韩元的罚款，有利于其自己的在线购物业务，以提高其市场份额。" }, { "date": "2020-04-14", "title": "Climate Action Group Posted Deepfake of Belgian Prime Minister Urging Climate Crisis Action", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/201/", "description": "A deepfake video showing the Belgium’s prime minister speaking of an urgent need to tackle the climate crises was released by a climate action group.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "气候行动组织发布了比利时首相的 Deepfake 敦促采取气候危机行动", "description_zh": "一个气候行动组织发布了一段深度伪造视频，显示比利时首相谈到迫切需要解决气候危机。" }, { "date": "2022-11-02", "title": "A Chinese Tech Worker at Zhihu Fired Allegedly via a Resignation Risk Prediction Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/204/", "description": "The firing of an employee at Zhihu, a large Q&A platform in China, was allegedly caused by the use of a behavioral perception algorithm which claimed to predict a worker’s resignation risk using their online footprints, such as browsing history and internal communication.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "知乎一名中国科技员工涉嫌因辞职风险预测算法被解雇", "description_zh": "中国大型问答平台知乎解雇一名员工的原因据称是由于使用了一种行为感知算法，该算法声称可以利用员工的在线足迹（例如浏览历史记录和内部沟通）来预测员工的辞职风险。" }, { "date": "2020-10-20", "title": "Tesla Disabled “Rolling Stop” Functionality Associated with the “Aggressive” Driving Mode", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/209/", "description": "The “rolling stop” functionality within the “Aggressive” Full Self Driving (FSD) profile that was released via a Tesla firmware update was recalled and disabled.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉禁用与“激进”驾驶模式相关的“滚动停止”功能", "description_zh": "通过特斯拉固件更新发布的“激进”全自动驾驶（FSD）配置文件中的“滚动停止”功能已被召回并禁用。" }, { "date": "2020-11-15", "title": "Poachers Evaded AI Cameras and Killed Four Rhinos", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/219/", "description": "AI cameras installed by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife failed to detect poachers when four dehorned rhino carcasses were found.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "偷猎者躲避人工智能摄像头并杀死了四头犀牛", "description_zh": "当发现四具断角犀牛尸体时，Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife 安装的人工智能摄像头未能发现偷猎者。" }, { "date": "2019-10-15", "title": "Opaque Fraud Detection Algorithm by the UK’s Department of Work and Pensions Allegedly Discriminated against People with Disabilities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/189/", "description": "People with disabilities were allegedly disproportionately targeted by a benefit fraud detection algorithm which the UK’s Department of Work and Pensions was urged to disclose.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国工作和养老金部不透明的欺诈检测算法涉嫌歧视残疾人", "description_zh": "据称，英国工作和养老金部被敦促披露一项福利欺诈检测算法，其中残疾人尤其成为目标。" }, { "date": "2020-02-01", "title": "SN Technologies Reportedly Lied to a New York State School District about Its Facial and Weapon Detection Systems’ Performance", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/214/", "description": "SN Technologies allegedly misled Lockport City Schools about the performance of its AEGIS face and weapons detection systems, downplaying error rates for Black faces and weapon misidentification.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 SN Technologies 在其面部和武器检测系统的性能方面向纽约州学区撒了谎", "description_zh": "SN Technologies 据称在其 AEGIS 面部和武器检测系统的性能方面误导了洛克波特市学校，低估了黑人面部和武器错误识别的错误率。" }, { "date": "2020-01-04", "title": "Facebook Content Moderators Demand Better Working Conditions Due to Allegedly Inadequate AI Content Moderation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/215/", "description": "Content moderators and employees at Facebook demand better working conditions, as automated content moderation system allegedly failed to achieve sufficient performance and exposed human reviewers to psychologically hazardous content such as graphic violence and child abuse.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于人工智能内容审核不足，Facebook 内容审核员要求更好的工作条件", "description_zh": "Facebook 的内容审核员和员工要求更好的工作条件，因为据称自动内容审核系统未能实现足够的性能，并使人类审核员接触到对心理有害的内容，例如暴力图片和虐待儿童。" }, { "date": "2022-03-17", "title": "Three Make-Up Artists Lost Jobs Following Black-Box Automated Decision by HireVue", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/192/", "description": "Three make-up artists lost their positions following an algorithmically-assessed video interview by HireVue who reportedly failed to provide adequate explanation of the findings.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HireVue 黑匣子自动决策导致三名化妆师失业", "description_zh": "在 HireVue 经过算法评估的视频采访后，三名化妆师失去了职位，据报道 HireVue 未能对调查结果提供充分的解释。" }, { "date": "2016-11-16", "title": "Robot at a Chinese Tech Fair Smashed a Glass Booth, Injuring a Visitor", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/217/", "description": "At the 18th China Hi-Tech Fair, a robot suddenly smashed through a glass booth and injured a visitor, after a staff member reportedly mistakenly pressed a button, causing it to reverse and accelerate.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国科技博览会上的机器人砸碎玻璃展位，导致参观者受伤", "description_zh": "在第十八届中国国际高新技术成果交易会上，一名工作人员误按按钮，导致机器人倒车加速，一台机器人突然撞穿玻璃展台，砸伤一名参观者。" }, { "date": "2021-01-05", "title": "Tesla Phantom Braking Complaints Surged, Allegedly Linked to Tesla Vision Rollout", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/208/", "description": "In late 2021, Tesla owners’ complaints to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration about sudden unexpected automatic braking rapidly increased, coinciding with when radar was no longer equipped in its Model 3 and Model Y vehicles.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉幻影制动投诉激增，据称与特斯拉愿景的推出有关", "description_zh": "2021 年底，特斯拉车主向美国国家公路交通安全管理局提出的关于突然意外自动制动的投诉迅速增加，恰逢其 Model 3 和 Model Y 车辆不再配备雷达。" }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "XPeng Motors Fined For Illegal Collection of Consumers’ Faces Using Facial Recognition Cameras", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/212/", "description": "The Chinese electric vehicle (EV) firm XPeng Motors was fined by local market regulators for illegally collecting in-store customers’ facial images without their consent for six months.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小鹏汽车因利用人脸识别摄像头非法采集消费者脸部被罚款", "description_zh": "中国电动汽车（EV）公司小鹏汽车因未经同意非法收集店内顾客的面部图像而被当地市场监管机构处以六个月的罚款。" }, { "date": "2013-11-27", "title": "Excessive Automated Monitoring Alerts Ignored by Staff, Resulting in Private Data Theft of Seventy Million Target Customers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/193/", "description": "Alerts about a Target data breach were ignored by Minneapolis Target’s staff reportedly due to them being included with many other potential false alerts, and due to some of the company’s network infiltration alerting systems being off to reduce such false alerts, causing private data theft for mill", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "过多的自动监控警报被工作人员忽视，导致七千万目标客户私人数据被盗", "description_zh": "据报道，明尼阿波利斯塔吉特公司的员工忽视了有关塔吉特数据泄露的警报，因为这些警报被包含在许多其他潜在的虚假警报中，并且由于该公司的一些网络渗透警报系统被关闭以减少此类虚假警报，从而导致工厂的私人数据被盗" }, { "date": "2013-01-09", "title": "Compromise of National Biometric ID Card System Leads to Reverification and Change of Status", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/196/", "description": "When the leader of the Afghan Taliban was found possessing a valid ID card in the Pakistani national biometric identification database system, Pakistan launch a national re-verification campaign that is linked to numerous changes in recognition status and loss of services.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家生物识别身份证系统遭到破坏导致身份重新验证和改变", "description_zh": "当阿富汗塔利班领导人被发现在巴基斯坦国家生物特征识别数据库系统中拥有有效身份证后，巴基斯坦发起了一场全国重新验证活动，这与识别状态的多次变化和服务损失有关。" }, { "date": "2021-10-01", "title": "Hawaii Police Deployed Robot Dog to Patrol a Homeless Encampment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/207/", "description": "Honolulu Police Department spent federal pandemic relief funds on a robot dog to take body temperatures and patrol a homeless quarantine encampment which local civil rights advocates criticized as dehumanizing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷警方部署机器狗巡逻无家可归者营地", "description_zh": "檀香山警察局花费联邦流行病救助资金购买了一只机器狗，用于测量体温并在无家可归者隔离营地巡逻，当地民权倡导者批评该营地不人道。" }, { "date": "2021-11-12", "title": "A Tesla Taxi Cab Involved in an Accident in Paris with Twenty Injuries", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/211/", "description": "In Paris, about 20 people were injured in an accident involving a Tesla Model 3 taxi cab which was reportedly caused by a sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) episode and braking issues.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "一辆特斯拉出租车在巴黎发生事故，造成 20 人受伤", "description_zh": "在巴黎，一辆特斯拉 Model 3 出租车发生事故，造成约 20 人受伤，据报道，事故是由于突然意外加速 (SUA) 事件和制动问题造成的。" }, { "date": "2022-04-02", "title": "YouTuber Tested Tesla on Self Driving Mode, Colliding with Street Pylons", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/187/", "description": "A YouTuber who was a Tesla’s employee conducted an on-road review of Tesla's Full Self Driving (FSD) Beta, showing its navigation in various road environments in San Jose and collision with a bollards during Autopilot, allegedly causing his dismissal from the company.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTuber 在自动驾驶模式下测试特斯拉，与街道塔相撞", "description_zh": "一名特斯拉员工 YouTuber 对特斯拉的全自动驾驶 (FSD) Beta 进行了道路审查，展示了其在圣何塞各种道路环境中的导航情况，以及在 Autopilot 期间与护柱发生碰撞的情况，据称导致他被公司解雇。" }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "TikTok's \"For You\" Algorithm Directed New Users towards Disinformation about the War in Ukraine", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/185/", "description": "An investigation by NewsGuard into TikTok’s handling of content related to the Russia-Ukraine war showed its “For You” algorithm pushing new users towards false and misleading content about the war within less than an hour of signing up.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 的“For You”算法引导新用户关注有关乌克兰战争的虚假信息", "description_zh": "NewsGuard 对 TikTok 处理俄罗斯-乌克兰战争相关内容的调查显示，其“For You”算法在注册后不到一小时内就将新用户推向有关战争的虚假和误导性内容。" }, { "date": "2022-02-25", "title": "AI-Generated Profiles Used in Disinformation Campaign Targeting Ukrainians", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/205/", "description": "According to security reports by Meta, fictitious personas with GAN-generated profile pictures were used by people operating in Russia and Ukraine to push a disinformation campaign targeting Ukrainian social media users, and were taken down.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的个人资料用于针对乌克兰人的虚假信息活动", "description_zh": "根据 Meta 的安全报告，在俄罗斯和乌克兰运营的人员使用具有 GAN 生成的个人资料图片的虚构人物来推动针对乌克兰社交媒体用户的虚假信息活动，并已被删除。" }, { "date": "2020-01-06", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Crashed into Flipped Truck on Taiwan Highway", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/218/", "description": "On a highway in Taiwan, a Tesla Sedan, reportedly operating on Autopilot mode, crashed into a large overturned truck, barely missing a pedestrian.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉在台湾高速公路上自动驾驶仪撞上翻倒的卡车", "description_zh": "据报道，在台湾的一条高速公路上，一辆在自动驾驶模式下运行的特斯拉轿车撞上了一辆翻倒的大型卡车，几乎没有撞到一名行人。" }, { "date": "2021-01-10", "title": "Facebook Internally Reported Failure of Ranking Algorithm, Exposing Harmful Content to Viewers over Months", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/197/", "description": "Facebook's internal report showed an at-least six-month long alleged software bug that caused moderator-flagged posts and other harmful content to evade down-ranking filters, leading to surges of misinformation on users' News Feed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 内部报告排名算法失败，几个月来向观众暴露有害内容", "description_zh": "Facebook 的内部报告显示，据称存在至少六个月之久的软件错误，该错误导致版主标记的帖子和其他有害内容逃避降级过滤器，从而导致用户动态消息中的错误信息激增。" }, { "date": "2019-01-04", "title": "Ever AI Reportedly Deceived Customers about FRT Use in App", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/199/", "description": "Ever AI, now Paravision AI, allegedly failed to inform customers about the development and use of facial recognition that facilitates the sale of customers’ data to various businesses, a business model that critics said was an egregious violation of privacy.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Ever AI 在应用程序中使用 FRT 方面欺骗客户", "description_zh": "Ever AI（现在的 Paravision AI）据称未能告知客户有关面部识别技术的开发和使用情况，该技术有助于将客户数据出售给各种企业，批评者称这种商业模式严重侵犯了隐私。" }, { "date": "2020-04-28", "title": "Indian Political App Tek Fog Allegedly Hijacked Trends and Manipulated Public Opinion on Other Social Media Platforms", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/210/", "description": "The Indian political social media app Tek Fog allegedly allowed operatives affiliated with the ruling political party to hijack social media trends and manipulate public opinion on other apps such as Twitter and WhatsApp, which opposition parties denounced as a national security threat.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度政治应用程序 Tek Fog 涉嫌劫持趋势并操纵其他社交媒体平台上的舆论", "description_zh": "印度政治社交媒体应用程序 Tek Fog 据称允许隶属于执政党的特工劫持社交媒体趋势并操纵 Twitter 和 WhatsApp 等其他应用程序上的舆论，反对党谴责这些应用程序对国家安全构成威胁。" }, { "date": "2016-04-15", "title": "Chinese Insurer Ping An Employed Facial Recognition to Determine Customers’ Untrustworthiness, Which Critics Alleged to Likely Make Errors and Discriminate", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/235/", "description": "Customers’ untrustworthiness and unprofitability were reportedly determined by Ping An, a large insurance company in China, via facial-recognition measurements of micro-expressions and body-mass indices (BMI), which critics argue was likely to make mistakes, discriminate against certain ethnic group", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国保险公司平安采用面部识别技术来确定客户的不可信度，批评人士称这可能会出错并存在歧视", "description_zh": "据报道，中国大型保险公司平安通过微表情和体重指数（BMI）的面部识别测量来确定客户的不可信度和无利可图性，批评者认为这种做法可能会犯错误，歧视某些族裔群体" }, { "date": "2018-12-01", "title": "Waze App Allegedly Caused Tourists’ Car to End up in Lake Champlain, Vermont", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/227/", "description": "The tourists driving through Vermont blamed Waze for directing them into a boat launch in Lake Champlain, prompting the vehicle to slide into the water by the time the drivers realized their location in the dark and foggy weather.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waze 应用程序涉嫌导致游客的汽车最终停在佛蒙特州尚普兰湖", "description_zh": "驾车穿越佛蒙特州的游客指责位智将他们引向尚普兰湖的一艘小船，当司机在黑暗多雾的天气中意识到自己的位置时，导致车辆滑入水中。" }, { "date": "2020-07-18", "title": "Thoughts App Allegedly Created Toxic Tweets", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/222/", "description": "Tweets created by Thoughts, a tweet generation app that leverages OpenAI’s GPT-3, allegedly exhibited toxicity when given prompts related to minority groups.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Thoughts 应用程序创建了有毒推文", "description_zh": "据称，Thoughts（一款利用 OpenAI 的 GPT-3 的推文生成应用程序）创建的推文在给出与少数群体相关的提示时表现出毒性。" }, { "date": "2019-09-10", "title": "Hive Box Facial-Recognition Locks Hacked by Fourth Graders Using Intended Recipient’s Facial Photo", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/223/", "description": "Facial-recognition locks by Hive Box, an express delivery locker company in China, were easily opened by a group of fourth-graders in a science-club demo using only a printed photo of the intended recipient’s face, leaving contents vulnerable to theft.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "四年级学生使用预期接收者的面部照片黑客入侵蜂箱面部识别锁", "description_zh": "中国快递储物柜公司 Hive Box 的面部识别锁被一群四年级学生在科学俱乐部演示中轻松打开，仅使用预期收件人脸部的打印照片，使得内容很容易被盗。" }, { "date": "2018-04-23", "title": "Content Using Bestiality Thumbnails Allegedly Evaded YouTube’s Thumbnail Monitoring System", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/229/", "description": "YouTube’s thumbnail monitoring system was allegedly evaded by content farms such as ones in Cambodia who spike viewership and generate ad revenue using bestiality-themed thumbnails.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用兽交缩略图的内容据称规避了 YouTube 的缩略图监控系统", "description_zh": "据称，YouTube 的缩略图监控系统被内容农场（例如柬埔寨的内容农场）所规避，这些内容农场使用以兽交为主题的缩略图来增加收视率并产生广告收入。" }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "WeChat Pay's Facial Recognition Security Evaded by Scammers Using Victims’ Social Media Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/224/", "description": "In China, fraudsters bypassed facial-recognition security for online financial transactions on WeChat Pay by crafting identity-verification GIFs of victims from their selfies on WeChat Moments, a social media platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者利用受害者的社交媒体内容规避微信支付的面部识别安全", "description_zh": "在中国，诈骗者根据受害者在社交媒体平台微信朋友圈上的自拍照制作了身份验证 GIF，从而绕过了微信支付在线金融交易的面部识别安全性。" }, { "date": "2009-01-09", "title": "Algorithmic Teacher Evaluation Program Failed Student Outcome Goals and Allegedly Caused Harm Against Teachers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/239/", "description": "Gates-Foundation-funded Intensive Partnerships for Effective Teaching Initiative’s algorithmic program to assess teacher performance reportedly failed to achieve its goals for student outcomes, particularly for minority students, and was criticized for potentially causing harm against teachers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "算法教师评估计划未能实现学生成果目标，并据称对教师造成伤害", "description_zh": "据报道，盖茨基金会资助的“有效教学强化合作计划”用于评估教师表现的算法程序未能实现其学生成绩目标，特别是少数族裔学生的目标，并因可能对教师造成伤害而受到批评。" }, { "date": "2017-07-04", "title": "IBM Watson for Oncology Criticized by Customers for Allegedly Unsafe and Inaccurate Cancer Treatment Recommendations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/225/", "description": "Internal documents from IBM Watson Health showed negative assessments from customers such as Florida’s Jupiter Hospital and Memorial Sloan Kettering criticizing its Watson for Oncology product for allegedly unsafe and incorrect cancer treatment recommendations.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "IBM Watson for Oncology 因癌症治疗建议不安全且不准确而受到客户批评", "description_zh": "IBM Watson Health 的内部文件显示，佛罗里达州朱庇特医院 (Jupiter Hospital) 和纪念斯隆凯特琳医院 (Memorial Sloan Kettering) 等客户给予负面评价，批评其 Watson for Oncology 产品据称不安全且不正确的癌症治疗建议。" }, { "date": "2018-04-29", "title": "Tesla Model X on Autopilot Missed Parked Vehicles and Pedestrians, Killing Motorcyclist in Japan", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/232/", "description": "A Tesla Model X operated on Autopilot reportedly failed to recognize the parked motorcycles, pedestrians, and van in its path in Kanagawa, Japan, and ran over a motorcyclist who previously stopped when a member of his motorcyclist group was involved in an accident.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉 Model X 的自动驾驶仪错过了停放的车辆和行人，导致日本摩托车手死亡", "description_zh": "据报道，在日本神奈川县，一辆使用自动驾驶仪运行的特斯拉 Model X 未能识别停放的摩托车、行人和货车，并碾压了一名摩托车手，这名摩托车手之前因摩托车手团体的一名成员发生事故而停下来。" }, { "date": "2021-02-24", "title": "Manufacturing Robot Failure Caused Factory Worker's Death in India", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/242/", "description": "A sensor snag resulted in an automotive parts factory robot falling on a factory worker in India", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度制造机器人故障导致工厂工人死亡", "description_zh": "印度汽车零部件工厂的机器人因传感器故障而摔倒在工厂工人身上" }, { "date": "2020-03-08", "title": "Colorado Police’s Automated License Plate Reader (ALPR) Matched a Family’s Minivan’s Plate to That of a Stolen Vehicle Allegedly, Resulting in Detainment at Gunpoint", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/244/", "description": "An automated plate reader reportedly matched a license plate information, but of a family’s minivan and an alleged motorcycle in Montana that was reportedly stolen earlier in the year, resulting in them and their children being held at gunpoint and detained in handcuffs by multiple Aurora police off", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州警方的自动车牌读取器 (ALPR) 将一个家庭的小型货车车牌与一辆被盗车辆的车牌进行匹配，据称导致持枪拘留", "description_zh": "据报道，自动车牌阅读器与蒙大拿州一个家庭的小型货车和一辆据称在今年早些时候被盗的摩托车的车牌信息相匹配，导致他们和他们的孩子被奥罗拉市的多名警察用枪指着并戴上手铐拘留。" }, { "date": "2018-03-12", "title": "Tumblr Automated Pornography-Detecting Algorithms Erroneously Flagged Inoffensive Images as Explicit", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/233/", "description": "Tumblr’s automated tools to identify adult content were reported to have incorrectly flagged inoffensive images as explicit, following its announcement to ban all adult content on the platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tumblr 自动色情检测算法错误地将无攻击性图像标记为露骨", "description_zh": "据报道，在 Tumblr 宣布禁止平台上所有成人内容后，用于识别成人内容的自动化工具错误地将无攻击性的图像标记为露骨内容。" }, { "date": "2019-01-03", "title": "Model 3 Tesla on Autopilot Crashed into a Truck in Florida, Killing Driver", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/230/", "description": "In Florida, a Model 3 Tesla on Autopilot mode crashed into a tractor-trailer truck, killing the 50-year-old driver.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "配备自动驾驶仪的特斯拉 Model 3 在佛罗里达州撞上一辆卡车，导致司机死亡", "description_zh": "在佛罗里达州，一辆处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉 Model 3 撞上了一辆牵引拖车，导致 50 岁的司机死亡。" }, { "date": "2014-04-16", "title": "Misreading of an Automated License Plate Reader (ALPR) Unverified by Police, Resulting in Traffic Stop in Missouri", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/246/", "description": "An automated license plate reader (ALPR) camera misread a 7 as a 2 and incorrectly alerted the local police about a stolen Oldsmobile car, which was allegedly not able to be verified by an officer before a traffic stop was effected on a BMW in Kansas City suburb.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "未经警方证实的自动车牌读取器 (ALPR) 误读导致密苏里州交通堵塞", "description_zh": "自动车牌读取器 (ALPR) 摄像头将 7 误读为 2，并错误地向当地警方通报了一辆奥兹莫比尔汽车被盗的情况，据称在堪萨斯城郊区一辆宝马汽车被拦截之前，一名警官无法核实该车的真实情况。" }, { "date": "2019-01-02", "title": "Apple Maps Allegedly Directed Ski Trip Couple Onto Unpaved Road in the Mountains", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/228/", "description": "Near Los Angeles, Apple Maps allegedly directed a couple on a ski trip in the mountains toward into an unconventional route out of town, where the drivers found themselves lost and stuck on an unpaved road in the snow.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称苹果地图引导滑雪旅行夫妇走上山区未铺砌的道路", "description_zh": "据称，在洛杉矶附近，苹果地图引导一对在山上滑雪的夫妇进入一条非常规的出城路线，司机发现自己迷路了，被困在雪地里一条未铺砌的道路上。" }, { "date": "2016-01-20", "title": "A Tesla Crashed into and Killed a Road Sweeper on a Highway in China", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/231/", "description": "A Tesla Model S collided with and killed a road sweeper on a highway near Handan, China, an accident where Tesla previously said it was not able to determine whether Autopilot was operating at the time of the crash.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "一辆特斯拉在中国高速公路上撞上一名道路清扫车并导致其死亡", "description_zh": "一辆特斯拉 Model S 在中国邯郸附近的高速公路上与一名道路清扫车相撞并死亡，特斯拉此前表示无法确定事故发生时 Autopilot 是否正在运行。" }, { "date": "2009-03-30", "title": "Unverified Misreading by Automated Plate Reader Led to Traffic Stop and Restraint of an Innocent Person at Gunpoint in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/245/", "description": "In San Francisco, an automated license plate reader (ALPR) camera misread a number as belonging to a stolen vehicle having the wrong make, but its photo was not visually confirmed by the police due to poor quality and allegedly despite multiple chances prior to making a traffic stop, causing an inno", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自动车牌阅读器未经证实的误读导致加利福尼亚州交通堵塞并用枪威胁无辜者", "description_zh": "在旧金山，自动车牌读取器 (ALPR) 摄像头误读了一个号码，认为属于一辆品牌错误的被盗车辆，但由于质量差，而且据称尽管在交通停车前多次有机会拍摄照片，但警方并未对照片进行目视确认，从而引发了一场事故。" }, { "date": "2018-11-23", "title": "Reported Automated License Plate Reader Alert on Previously Stolen Rental Car Leads to Alleged Wrongful Detainment in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/248/", "description": "A purportedly automated license plate reader allegedly flagged a rental car in California as stolen, although reports indicate it had already been recovered. Police reportedly conducted a high-risk stop and detained the occupants at gunpoint before confirming their innocence. The driver later allege", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，针对先前被盗的租赁汽车的自动车牌读取器警报导致加州被指控错误扣押", "description_zh": "据称，加州的一辆租赁汽车被一台自动车牌阅读器标记为被盗，但有报道称该汽车已被找回。据报道，警方在确认他们无罪之前进行了一次高风险拦截，并用枪威胁拘留了他们。司机事后声称" }, { "date": "2022-04-13", "title": "AI-Generated Faces Used by Scammers to Pose as a Law Firm in Boston", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/236/", "description": "GAN faces were allegedly used by scammers alongside a parked domain and a fake website to impersonate a Boston law firm.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "骗子利用人工智能生成的面孔冒充波士顿律师事务所", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者利用 GAN 面孔以及停放域名和虚假网站来冒充波士顿律师事务所。" }, { "date": "2019-06-09", "title": "Waze Allegedly Frequently Routed Drivers through the Town of Los Gatos, Blocking Its Single Wildfire Escape Route", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/234/", "description": "Waze app was blamed by Los Gatos town residents for contributing to high wildfire hazard risk via allegedly routing weekend beach-going drivers through their neighborhoods, effectively choking off their single escape route in the event of a medical emergency or wildfire.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Waze 经常引导司机穿过洛斯加托斯镇，封锁该镇唯一的野火逃生路线", "description_zh": "洛斯加托斯镇居民指责 Waze 应用程序导致高山火危险风险，据称该应用程序会引导周末去海滩的司机穿过他们的社区，在发生医疗紧急情况或山火时有效地切断他们的唯一逃生路线。" }, { "date": "2018-01-10", "title": "Oregon’s Screening Tool for Child Abuse Cases Discontinued Following Concerns of Racial Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/238/", "description": "Oregon’s Department of Human Services (DHS) stopped using its Safety at Screening Tool, that is aimed to predict the risk that children wind up in foster care or be investigated in the future, and opted for a new process allegedly to reduce disparities and improve racially equitable decision-making.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于担心种族偏见，俄勒冈州的虐待儿童案件筛查工具已停止使用", "description_zh": "俄勒冈州人类服务部 (DHS) 停止使用其安全筛查工具，该工具旨在预测儿童最终被寄养或未来接受调查的风险，并选择了一种新流程，据称是为了减少差异并改善种族平等的决策。" }, { "date": "2015-01-04", "title": "Waze Allegedly Clogged Streets and Directed Drivers to Make Unsafe Traffic Decisions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/226/", "description": "For years, Waze has, in an attempt to cut travel times, allegedly caused more traffic and guided drivers to make unsafe and often un-permitted traffic decisions, which was described by a Los Angeles city council member as a threat to public safety.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waze 涉嫌堵塞街道并引导司机做出不安全的交通决策", "description_zh": "多年来，Waze 据称为了缩短出行时间，造成了更多的交通堵塞，并引导司机做出不安全且往往未经许可的交通决策，洛杉矶市议会成员将其描述为对公共安全的威胁。" }, { "date": "2022-07-21", "title": "Chess-Playing Robot Broke Child's Finger in Russia", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/241/", "description": "A chess robot at a tournament in Russia broke the finger of a child who reached onto the board before the robot had completed its move", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯国际象棋机器人折断儿童手指", "description_zh": "俄罗斯国际象棋锦标赛上，一名儿童在机器人完成棋步之前就把手伸到了棋盘上，结果弄断了他的手指" }, { "date": "2021-06-29", "title": "GitHub Copilot, Copyright Infringement and Open Source Licensing", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/240/", "description": "Users of GitHub Copilot can produce source code subject to license requirements without attributing and licensing the code to the rights holder.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GitHub Copilot、版权侵权和开源许可", "description_zh": "GitHub Copilot 的用户可以根据许可要求生成源代码，而无需将代码归属和许可给权利持有者。" }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Bots Allegedly Made up Roughly Half of Twitter Accounts in Discussions Surrounding COVID-19 Related Issues", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/243/", "description": "Bots by anonymous actors were found by researchers to make up roughly half of Twitter accounts participating in COVID-19 discussions, many of which posted tweets about “reopening America“.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，在围绕 COVID-19 相关问题的讨论中，大约有一半的 Twitter 帐户是由机器人发起的", "description_zh": "研究人员发现，参与 COVID-19 讨论的 Twitter 账户中大约有一半是由匿名演员发起的机器人，其中许多账户发布了有关“重新开放美国”的推文。" }, { "date": "2011-04-18", "title": "Apple Tweaked App Store Ranking Algorithms, Allegedly Resulted in Demotion of Local Apps in China", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/270/", "description": "Following Apple’s changes in ranking algorithm in its iTunes App Store, apps by allegedly reputable companies and local startups in China experienced significant drops in ranking order.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "苹果调整应用商店排名算法，据称导致中国本地应用降级", "description_zh": "随着苹果改变 iTunes 应用商店的排名算法，中国知名公司和本土初创公司的应用排名出现大幅下滑。" }, { "date": "2022-07-24", "title": "Tesla Model 3 Sedan on Autopilot Killed Motorcyclist in a Rear-End Collision in Utah", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/271/", "description": "A Tesla Model 3 operating on Autopilot mode slammed into the back of a Harley-Davidson motorcycle on an interstate in Utah, throwing the rider from the bike and killing him instantly.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "带有自动驾驶功能的特斯拉 Model 3 轿车在犹他州发生追尾事故，导致摩托车手死亡", "description_zh": "一辆在自动驾驶模式下运行的特斯拉 Model 3 在犹他州州际公路上撞上了一辆哈雷戴维森摩托车的后部，将骑手从摩托车上甩了下来，当场死亡。" }, { "date": "2020-03-16", "title": "Permanent Removal of Social Media Content via Automated Tools Allegedly Prevented Investigative Efforts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/268/", "description": "Automated permanent removal of violating social media content, such as terrorism, violent extremism, and hate speech, without archival has allegedly hindered the potential use of this content for investigating serious crimes and hampered efforts in criminal accountability.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称通过自动化工具永久删除社交媒体内容阻碍了调查工作", "description_zh": "据称，在没有存档的情况下自动永久删除恐怖主义、暴力极端主义和仇恨言论等违规社交媒体内容，阻碍了这些内容用于调查严重犯罪的潜在用途，并阻碍了刑事问责的努力。" }, { "date": "2018-01-08", "title": "Amazon Allegedly Tweaked Search Algorithm to Boost Its Own Products", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/251/", "description": "Amazon tweaked product-search algorithm to boost and guide customers towards more profitable in-house products instead of showing mainly most-relevant and best-selling listings, which its internal engineers and lawyers alleged to violate company’s best-for-customer principle.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称亚马逊调整搜索算法以提升自有产品", "description_zh": "亚马逊调整了产品搜索算法，以促进和引导客户寻找利润更高的内部产品，而不是主要显示最相关和最畅销的列表，其内部工程师和律师声称这违反了公司最适合客户的原则。" }, { "date": "2020-12-24", "title": "FaceApp Predicted Different Genders for Similar User Photos with Slight Variations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/273/", "description": "FaceApp’s algorithm was reported by a user to have predicted different genders for two mostly identical facial photos with only a slight difference in eyebrow thickness.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FaceApp 对相似用户照片的不同性别预测略有不同", "description_zh": "据用户报告，FaceApp 的算法对两张几乎相同的面部照片（仅眉毛粗细略有不同）预测出不同的性别。" }, { "date": "2022-03-06", "title": "YouTuber Built, Made Publicly Available, and Released Model Trained on Toxic 4chan Posts as Prank", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/259/", "description": "A YouTuber built GPT-4chan, a model based on OpenAI’s GPT-J and trained on posts containing racism, misogyny, and antisemitism collected from 4chan’s “politically incorrect” board, which he made publicly available, and deployed as multiple bots posting thousands of messages on the same 4chan board a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTuber 建立、公开并发布了在有毒 4chan 帖子上进行恶作剧训练的模型", "description_zh": "一位 YouTuber 构建了 GPT-4chan，这是一个基于 OpenAI 的 GPT-J 的模型，并根据从 4chan 的“政治不正确”板块收集的包含种族主义、厌女症和反犹太主义的帖子进行训练，并将其公开，并部署为多个机器人，在同一个 4chan 板块上发布数千条消息" }, { "date": "2020-05-31", "title": "Unreliable ShotSpotter Audio Previously Used to Convict Chicago Man in Murder Case", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/255/", "description": "ShotSpotter audios were previously admitted to convict an innocent Black man in a murder case in Chicago, resulted in his nearly-one-year-long arrest before being dismissed by prosecutors as insufficient evidence.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "之前曾使用不可靠的 ShotSpotter 音频对芝加哥男子谋杀案定罪", "description_zh": "ShotSpotter 音频此前被承认在芝加哥的一起谋杀案中对一名无辜黑人定罪，导致他被逮捕近一年，随后被检察官以证据不足为由驳回。" }, { "date": "2022-01-15", "title": "Replika's \"AI Companions\" Reportedly Abused by Its Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/266/", "description": "Replika's AI-powered \"digital companions\" was allegedly abused by their users, who posted on Reddit abusive behaviors and interactions such as using slurs, roleplaying violent acts, and stimulating sexual abuse.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 Replika 的“AI Companions”被用户滥用", "description_zh": "Replika 的人工智能“数字伴侣”据称受到用户的虐待，他们在 Reddit 上发布辱骂行为和互动，例如使用诽谤、角色扮演暴力行为和刺激性虐待。" }, { "date": "2022-05-18", "title": "Cruise's Self-Driving Cars Allegedly Lost Connection to Their Server, Causing Traffic Blockages in San Francisco", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/253/", "description": "Cruise’s autonomous vehicles were shown on video stopping in the middle of the road and causing blockages in San Francisco, as they were disabled allegedly due to lost connection to their company’s server.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cruise 的自动驾驶汽车据称与服务器失去连接，导致旧金山交通堵塞", "description_zh": "视频显示，Cruise 的自动驾驶汽车停在路中间，并在旧金山造成堵塞，据称是由于与公司服务器的连接中断而无法使用。" }, { "date": "2016-01-10", "title": "Government Deployed Extreme Surveillance Technologies to Monitor and Target Muslim Minorities in Xinjiang", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/249/", "description": "A suite of AI-powered digital surveillance systems involving facial recognition and analysis of biometric data were deployed by the Chinese government in Xinjiang to monitor and discriminate local Uyghur and other Turkic Muslims.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府部署极端监视技术来监视和针对新疆的穆斯林少数民族", "description_zh": "中国政府在新疆部署了一套由人工智能驱动的数字监控系统，涉及面部识别和生物识别数据分析，以监控和歧视当地维吾尔族和其他突厥裔穆斯林。" }, { "date": "2015-01-05", "title": "Google’s Face Grouping Allegedly Collected and Analyzed Users’ Facial Structure without Consent, Violated BIPA", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/254/", "description": "A class-action lawsuit alleged Google failing to provide notice, obtain informed written consent, or publish data retention policies about the collection, storage, and analysis of its face-grouping feature in Google Photos, which violated Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA).", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌面部分组涉嫌未经同意收集和分析用户面部结构，违反 BIPA", "description_zh": "一项集体诉讼指控谷歌未能就谷歌照片中面部分组功能的收集、存储和分析提供通知、获得知情书面同意或发布数据保留政策，违反了伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法 (BIPA)。" }, { "date": "2021-07-11", "title": "DUI Arrest Case Allegedly Based Only on ShotSpotter's Alert", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/256/", "description": "A car stop resulting in a DUI arrest of its driver was allegedly based solely on a ShotSpotter alert, the reliability of which came into question by public defenders, who subpoenaed the company to assess its gunshot alert system.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称酒后驾车逮捕案仅基于 ShotSpotter 的警报", "description_zh": "据称，一次汽车停车导致司机酒后驾车被捕，完全是基于 ShotSpotter 警报，该警报的可靠性受到公设辩护人的质疑，他们传唤该公司评估其枪击警报系统。" }, { "date": "2016-01-02", "title": "Dutch City Court Defended Home Value Generated by Black-Box Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/250/", "description": "A home value generated by a black-box algorithm was reportedly defended by the Castricum court, which was criticized by a legal specialist for setting a dangerous precedent for accepting black-box algorithms as long as their results appear reasonable.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "荷兰市法院为黑盒算法生成的房屋价值辩护", "description_zh": "据报道，卡斯特里库姆法院为黑盒算法生成的房屋价值进行了辩护，一位法律专家批评该法院开了一个危险的先例，只要结果看起来合理，就接受黑盒算法。" }, { "date": "2022-05-13", "title": "Australian Retailers Reportedly Captured Face Prints of Their Customers without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/258/", "description": "Major Australian retailers reportedly analyzed in-store footage to capture facial features of their customers without consent, which was criticized by consumer groups as creepy and invasive.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，澳大利亚零售商未经同意就采集了顾客的面部指纹", "description_zh": "据报道，澳大利亚主要零售商在未经同意的情况下分析店内录像以捕捉顾客的面部特征，这被消费者团体批评为令人毛骨悚然和具有侵略性。" }, { "date": "2003-01-07", "title": "Virginia Courts’ Algorithmic Recidivism Risk Assessment Failed to Lower Incarceration Rates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/274/", "description": "Virginia courts’ use of algorithmic predictions of future offending risks were found by researchers failing to reduce incarceration rates, showed racial and age disparities in risk scores and its application, and neither exacerbated or ameliorated historical racial differences in sentencing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州法院的累犯风险评估算法未能降低监禁率", "description_zh": "研究人员发现，弗吉尼亚州法院对未来犯罪风险的算法预测未能降低监禁率，显示了风险评分及其应用中的种族和年龄差异，并且既没有加剧也没有减轻量刑中的历史种族差异。" }, { "date": "2017-06-15", "title": "Clearview AI Algorithm Built on Photos Scraped from Social Media Profiles without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/267/", "description": "Face-matching algorithm by Clearview AI was built using scraped images from social media sites such as Instagram and Facebook without user consent, violating social media site policies, and allegedly privacy regulations.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Clearview AI 算法基于未经同意从社交媒体资料中抓取的照片构建", "description_zh": "Clearview AI 的面部匹配算法是在未经用户同意的情况下使用从 Instagram 和 Facebook 等社交媒体网站上抓取的图像构建的，违反了社交媒体网站政策，据称还违反了隐私法规。" }, { "date": "2012-04-05", "title": "Police Reportedly Deployed ShotSpotter Sensors Disproportionately in Neighborhoods of Color", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/257/", "description": "Police departments disproportionately placed ShotSpotter sensors in black and brown neighborhoods, which is denounced by communities for allegedly creating dangerous situations, such as one involving in Adam Toledo's death.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，警方在有色人种社区不成比例地部署了 ShotSpotter 传感器", "description_zh": "警察部门在黑人和棕色人种社区不成比例地放置了 ShotSpotter 传感器，社区谴责这种做法涉嫌制造危险情况，例如涉及亚当·托莱多死亡的情况。" }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "AI-Based Vehicle Speed Estimation App Denounced by UK Drivers as Surveillance Technology", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/264/", "description": "Speedcam Anywhere, an app allowing users to document and report traffic violations via AI-based videographic speed estimation of a vehicle, raised concerns for UK drivers about its capabilities for surveillance and abuse.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基于人工智能的车速估算应用程序被英国司机谴责为监控技术", "description_zh": "Speedcam Anywhere 是一款允许用户通过基于人工智能的视频图像速度估计来记录和报告交通违规行为的应用程序，引起了英国司机对其监控和滥用能力的担忧。" }, { "date": "2022-01-06", "title": "Remotely Operated Taser-Armed Drones Proposed by Taser Manufacturer as Defense for School Shootings in the US", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/252/", "description": "Axon Enterprise considered development of remotely operated drones capable of tasering at a target a short distance away as a defense mechanism for mass shootings, despite its internal AI ethics board’s previous objection and condemnation as dangerous and fantastical.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰瑟枪制造商提议使用远程操作的泰瑟枪武装无人机来防御美国学校枪击事件", "description_zh": "Axon Enterprise 考虑开发能够对短距离目标进行泰瑟枪射击的远程操作无人机，作为大规模枪击事件的防御机制，尽管其内部人工智能道德委员会之前曾表示反对和谴责，认为这是危险和荒诞的。" }, { "date": "2019-08-10", "title": "Grab Tweaked Matchmaking Algorithm, Providing Preferential Treatment to Drivers Registered with Affiliated Car Rental Service", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/272/", "description": "Grab Indonesia was fined by the Indonesian Competition Commission (KPPU) for unfairly favoring drivers who rented cars via the Grab-affiliated company Teknologi Pengangkutan Indonesia (TPI), including offering more rides via their matchmaking algorithm.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Grab调整匹配算法，为注册附属租车服务的司机提供优惠", "description_zh": "Grab Indonesia 因不公平地偏向通过 Grab 附属公司 Teknologi Pengangkutan Indonesia (TPI) 租车的司机，包括通过其匹配算法提供更多乘车服务，而被印度尼西亚竞争委员会 (KPPU) 处以罚款。" }, { "date": "2014-08-26", "title": "US DHS’s Opaque Vetting Software Allegedly Relied on Poor-Quality Data and Discriminated against Immigrants", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/260/", "description": "US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)’s ATLAS software used in vetting immigration requests was condemned by advocacy groups as a threat to naturalized citizens for its secretive algorithmic decision-making, reliance on poor quality data and unknown sources, and alleged discrimination of i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国土安全部不透明的审查软件据称依赖低质量数据并歧视移民", "description_zh": "美国公民及移民服务局 (USCIS) 用于审查移民申请的 ATLAS 软件受到倡导团体的谴责，称该软件对入籍公民构成威胁，因为该软件的算法决策保密、依赖质量低劣的数据和未知来源，以及涉嫌对入籍公民的歧视。" }, { "date": "2017-11-15", "title": "Robot Deployed by Animal Shelter to Patrol Sidewalks outside Its Office, Warding off Homeless People in San Francisco", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/261/", "description": "Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) deployed a Knightscope robot to autonomously patrol the area outside its office and ward off homeless people, which was criticized by residents as a tool of intimidation and ordered by the city of San Francisco to stop its use on a public right", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "动物收容所部署机器人在其办公室外的人行道上巡逻，阻止旧金山无家可归的人", "description_zh": "防止虐待动物协会（SPCA）部署了一台 Knightscope 机器人在其办公室外区域自动巡逻并驱赶无家可归的人，该机器人被居民批评为恐吓工具，并被旧金山市下令停止在公共权利上使用该机器人" }, { "date": "2022-11-06", "title": "DALL-E Mini Reportedly Reinforced or Exacerbated Societal Biases in Its Outputs as Gender and Racial Stereotypes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/262/", "description": "Publicly deployed open-source model DALL-E Mini was acknowledged by its developers and found by its users to have produced images which reinforced racial and gender biases.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，DALL-E Mini 强化或加剧了其输出中的性别和种族刻板印象等社会偏见", "description_zh": "公开部署的开源模型 DALL-E Mini 得到了其开发者的认可，并被用户发现生成了强化种族和性别偏见的图像。" }, { "date": "2015-01-09", "title": "YouTube Recommendations Implicated in Political Radicalization of User", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/263/", "description": "YouTube’s personalization and recommendation algorithms were alleged to have pushed and exposed its young male users to political extremism and misinformation, driving them towards far-right ideologies such as neo-Nazism and white supremacy.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 推荐与用户政治激进化有关", "description_zh": "据称，YouTube 的个性化和推荐算法将其年轻男性用户推向政治极端主义和错误信息，促使他们走向新纳粹主义和白人至上等极右意识形态。" }, { "date": "2021-01-04", "title": "Black Uber Eats Driver Allegedly Subjected to Excessive Photo Checks and Dismissed via FRT Results", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/265/", "description": "A lawsuit by a former Uber Eats delivery driver alleged the company to have wrongfully dismissed him due to frequent false mismatches of his verification selfies, and discriminated against him via excessive verification checks.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "黑人Uber Eats司机涉嫌接受过多照片检查并根据FRT结果被解雇", "description_zh": "一名前 Uber Eats 优食送货司机提起诉讼，指控该公司因他的验证自拍照经常出现虚假不匹配而错误地解雇了他，并通过过多的验证检查来歧视他。" }, { "date": "2022-07-08", "title": "Meta’s BlenderBot 3 Chatbot Demo Made Offensive Antisemitic Comments", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/278/", "description": "The publicly launched conversational AI demo BlenderBot 3 developed by Meta was reported by its users and acknowledged by its developers to have “occasionally” made offensive and inconsistent remarks such as invoking Jewish stereotypes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Meta 的 BlenderBot 3 聊天机器人演示发表了令人反感的反犹太主义评论", "description_zh": "Meta 开发的公开发布的对话式人工智能演示 BlenderBot 3 被用户举报，开发者也承认“偶尔”发表攻击性和不一致的言论，例如援引犹太人的刻板印象。" }, { "date": "2020-11-06", "title": "Facebook’s Moderation Algorithm Banned Users for Historical Evidence of Slavery", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/275/", "description": "Facebook’s automated content moderation was acknowledged by a company spokesperson to have erroneously censored and banned Australian users from posting an article containing a 1890s photo of Aboriginal men in chains over nudity as historical evidence of slavery in Australia.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的审核算法禁止用户提供奴隶制历史证据", "description_zh": "公司发言人承认，Facebook 的自动内容审核错误地审查并禁止澳大利亚用户发布一篇包含 1890 年代原住民裸体照片的文章，该照片是澳大利亚奴隶制的历史证据。" }, { "date": "2022-07-18", "title": "Google Lens’s Camera-Based Translation Feature Provided an Offensive Mistranslation of a Book Title in Korean", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/285/", "description": "A book title by Korea’s first minister of culture was mistranslated into an offensive phrase by Google Lens’s camera-based translation feature allegedly due to its training on internet communications and a lack of context.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌镜头基于相机的翻译功能对韩语书名进行了令人反感的误译", "description_zh": "韩国第一文化部长的一本书名被谷歌镜头的基于摄像头的翻译功能误译为冒犯性短语，据称是由于其接受过互联网通信培训且缺乏上下文。" }, { "date": "2016-12-15", "title": "“Amazon’s Choice” Algorithm Failed to Recommend Functional Products and Prone to Review Manipulation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/330/", "description": "Amazon’s “Amazon’s Choice” algorithm recommended poor-quality defective products and were reportedly susceptible to manipulation by inauthentic reviews.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "“亚马逊的选择”算法无法推荐功能性产品且容易出现评论操纵", "description_zh": "亚马逊的“亚马逊选择”算法推荐质量低劣的有缺陷的产品，据报道很容易受到不真实评论的操纵。" }, { "date": "2020-12-15", "title": "Japanese Porn Depixelated by Man using Deepfake", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/299/", "description": "A man allegedly unblurred, using deepfake technology, pixelated pornographic images and videos of pornographic actors, which violated Japan’s obscenity law requiring images of genitalia to be obscured.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "日本色情片被男人用 Deepfake 去像素化", "description_zh": "据称，一名男子使用深度伪造技术，对色情图像和色情演员的视频进行像素化处理，这违反了日本要求对生殖器图像进行模糊处理的淫秽法。" }, { "date": "2022-03-06", "title": "Cruise’s Self-Driving Car Involved in a Multiple-Injury Collision at an San Francisco Intersection", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/293/", "description": "A Cruise autonomous vehicle was involved in a crash at an intersection in San Francisco when making a left turn in front of a Toyota Prius traveling in an opposite direction, which caused occupants in both cars to sustain injuries.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cruise 的自动驾驶汽车在旧金山十字路口发生碰撞事故，造成多处受伤", "description_zh": "一辆 Cruise 自动驾驶汽车在旧金山的一个十字路口左转时，在一辆反向行驶的丰田普锐斯前方发生车祸，导致两辆车上的乘客受伤。" }, { "date": "2017-09-21", "title": "Offensive Instagram User Content Displayed as Facebook Ad", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/325/", "description": "An Instagram user’s image containing violent content was reportedly used as advertisement on Facebook allegedly via automated means.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "攻击性 Instagram 用户内容显示为 Facebook 广告", "description_zh": "据报道，一名 Instagram 用户的包含暴力内容的图片据称通过自动化方式在 Facebook 上被用作广告。" }, { "date": "2020-06-13", "title": "Fake Accounts Using GAN Faces Deployed by Propaganda Campaign on Social Platforms", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/328/", "description": "A pro-China propaganda campaign deployed fake accounts on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube using GAN-synthesized faces to share and post comments on its content to gain wider circulation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用社交平台宣传活动部署的 GAN 面孔的虚假账户", "description_zh": "一场亲中国的宣传活动在 Facebook、Twitter 和 YouTube 上部署了虚假账户，使用 GAN 合成的面孔来分享和发表对其内容的评论，以获得更广泛的传播。" }, { "date": "2021-06-05", "title": "Waymo Self-Driving Taxi Reportedly Behaved Unexpectedly, Driving away from Support Crew", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/347/", "description": "A Waymo self-driving taxi car was reportedly shown on video stranded on a road in Arizona while carrying a passenger, suddenly driving away from the company's roadside assistance worker, and ended up being stuck farther down the road.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Waymo 自动驾驶出租车行为异常，远离支持人员", "description_zh": "据报道，视频中显示，一辆 Waymo 自动驾驶出租车载着一名乘客滞留在亚利桑那州的一条道路上，突然驶离该公司的路边援助人员，最终被困在路边更远的地方。" }, { "date": "2022-09-13", "title": "Delivery Robot Rolled Through Crime Scene", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/350/", "description": "A Serve Robotics delivery robot was shown on video rolling through a crime scene blocked off by police tape.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "送货机器人滚过犯罪现场", "description_zh": "视频中显示，Serve Robotics 的送货机器人在被警方胶带封锁的犯罪现场滚动。" }, { "date": "2021-05-28", "title": "Tesla Allegedly Misled Customers about Autopilot and FSD Capabilities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/291/", "description": "California’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) accused Tesla of false advertising in its promotion of Autopilot and Full Self-Driving (FSD) technologies, alleging the company to have made untrue or misleading claims with marketing language about the capabilities of its products.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉涉嫌在 Autopilot 和 FSD 功能方面误导客户", "description_zh": "加州机动车辆管理局 (DMV) 指控特斯拉在推广自动驾驶仪和全自动驾驶 (FSD) 技术时进行虚假广告，指控该公司使用营销语言对其产品功能做出不真实或误导性的宣传。" }, { "date": "2018-05-26", "title": "Tesla Autopilot Allegedly Malfunctioned in a Non-Fatal Collision in Greece", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/294/", "description": "Autopilot was alleged by its Tesla Model 3 driver to have unexpectedly malfunctioned, veering right without warning and crashing into a road divider near Thessaloniki, Greece, which resulted in damages to its wheel and door but no injury to the driver.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉自动驾驶仪据称在希腊发生的一次非致命碰撞中出现故障", "description_zh": "其特斯拉 Model 3 司机声称 Autopilot 意外故障，在没有警告的情况下向右转向，撞上了希腊塞萨洛尼基附近的道路隔离带，导致车轮和车门受损，但司机没有受伤。" }, { "date": "2013-07-30", "title": "Coffee Meets Bagel’s Algorithm Reported by Users Disproportionately Showing Them Matches of Their Own Ethnicities Despite Selecting “No Preference”", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/280/", "description": "Users selecting “no preference” were shown by Coffee Meets Bagels’s matching algorithm more potential matches with the same ethnicity, which was acknowledged and justified by its founder as a means to maximize connection rate without sufficient user information.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据用户报告，咖啡符合百吉饼的算法，尽管选择“无偏好”，但仍不成比例地向他们显示与自己种族相匹配的咖啡", "description_zh": "选择“无偏好”的用户会被 Coffee Meets Bagels 的匹配算法显示出与同一种族有更多潜在匹配项，其创始人承认并证明这是在没有足够用户信息的情况下最大化连接率的一种手段。" }, { "date": "2020-10-27", "title": "OpenAI’s GPT-3 Reported as Unviable in Medical Tasks by Healthcare Firm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/287/", "description": "The French digital care company, Nabla, in researching GPT-3’s capabilities for medical documentation, diagnosis support, and treatment recommendation, found its inconsistency and lack of scientific and medical expertise unviable and risky in healthcare applications. This incident has been downgrade", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "医疗保健公司报告 OpenAI 的 GPT-3 在医疗任务中不可行", "description_zh": "法国数字医疗公司 Nabla 在研究 GPT-3 的医疗记录、诊断支持和治疗建议功能时发现，其不一致且缺乏科学和医疗专业知识在医疗保健应用中不可行且存在风险。该事件已被降级" }, { "date": "2018-08-11", "title": "Wrongful Attempted Arrest for Apple Store Thefts Due to NYPD’s Facial Misidentification", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/295/", "description": "New York Police Department (NYPD)’s facial recognition system falsely connected a Black teenager to a series of thefts at Apple stores, which resulted in his wrongful attempted arrest.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "因纽约警察局面部识别错误导致苹果商店盗窃案被错误逮捕", "description_zh": "纽约警察局 (NYPD) 的面部识别系统错误地将一名黑人青少年与苹果商店的一系列盗窃案联系起来，导致他被错误地企图逮捕。" }, { "date": "2018-01-22", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Collided with Parked Fire Truck on California Freeway", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/320/", "description": "A Tesla Model S operating on Autopilot mode crashed into the back of a parked fire truck on a freeway in Culver City, California in a non-fatal collision.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自动驾驶仪特斯拉在加州高速公路上与停放的消防车相撞", "description_zh": "一辆在自动驾驶模式下运行的特斯拉 Model S 在加利福尼亚州卡尔弗城的高速公路上撞上了一辆停放的消防车的后部，发生了一起非致命事故。" }, { "date": "2014-09-12", "title": "Facebook Automated Year-in-Review Highlights Showed Users Painful Memories", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/326/", "description": "Facebook’s “Year in Review” algorithm which compiled content in users’ past year as highlights inadvertently showed painful and unwanted memories to users, including death of family member.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 自动年度回顾亮点向用户展示痛苦的回忆", "description_zh": "Facebook 的“年度回顾”算法将用户过去一年的内容整理为亮点，无意中向用户展示了痛苦和不想要的记忆，包括家庭成员的死亡。" }, { "date": "2015-01-03", "title": "UK Visa Streamline Algorithm Allegedly Discriminated Based on Nationality", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/335/", "description": "UK Home Office's algorithm to assess visa application risks explicitly considered nationality, allegedly caused candidates to face more scrutiny and discrimination.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国签证简化算法据称存在国籍歧视", "description_zh": "英国内政部评估签证申请风险的算法明确考虑了国籍，据称导致候选人面临更多审查和歧视。" }, { "date": "2021-01-09", "title": "Apple’s AVs Reportedly Struggled to Navigate Streets in Silicon Valley Test Drives", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/292/", "description": "Apple’s autonomous cars were reported to have bumped into curbs and struggled to stay in their lanes after crossing intersections during an on-road test drives near the company’s Silicon Valley headquarters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，苹果自动驾驶汽车在硅谷试驾时很难在街道上行驶", "description_zh": "据报道，苹果公司的自动驾驶汽车在该公司硅谷总部附近的道路试驾中，在穿过十字路口后撞上了路缘石，并难以保持在车道上。" }, { "date": "2022-01-15", "title": "TikTok's \"For You\" Algorithm Allegedly Abused by Online Personality to Promote Anti-Women Hate", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/300/", "description": "TikTok’s “For You” algorithm allegedly boosted or was manipulated by an online personality to artificially boost his content which promotes extreme misogynistic views towards teenagers and men, despite breaking its rules.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 的“For You”算法据称被网络名人滥用以煽动反女性仇恨", "description_zh": "据称，TikTok 的“For You”算法助长或被一名网络人士操纵，人为地助长其内容，从而宣扬针对青少年和男性的极端厌恶女性的观点，尽管这违反了规则。" }, { "date": "2021-01-13", "title": "Facebook Recommended Military Gear Ads Despite Pause on Weapons Accessories Ads", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/318/", "description": "Facebook’s algorithmic recommendations reportedly continued showing advertisements for gun accessories and military gear, despite Facebook’s halt on weapons accessories ads following the US Capitol attack.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 推荐军事装备广告，尽管暂停了武器配件广告", "description_zh": "据报道，尽管 Facebook 在美国国会大厦袭击事件后停止了武器配件广告，但据报道，Facebook 的算法建议仍然继续显示枪支配件和军事装备的广告。" }, { "date": "2016-05-04", "title": "Google Image Showed Racially Biased Results for “Professional” Hairstyles", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/332/", "description": "Google Image search reportedly showed disparate results along racial lines, featuring almost exclusively white women for “professional hairstyles” and black women for “unprofessional hairstyles” prompts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌图片显示“专业”发型的种族偏见结果", "description_zh": "据报道，谷歌图像搜索显示了不同种族的不同结果，几乎全是白人女性的“专业发型”提示和黑人女性的“非专业发型”提示。" }, { "date": "2017-01-02", "title": "Honda's CMBS False Positives Allegedly Caused Accidents to Customers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/340/", "description": "Honda's Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS) allegedly caused accidents to consumers due to frequent instances of false obstacle detection.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本田 CMBS 误报据称导致客户发生事故", "description_zh": "据称，本田的碰撞缓解制动系统（CMBS）因频繁检测到错误的障碍物而导致消费者发生事故。" }, { "date": "2017-06-04", "title": "Nissan's \"Automatic Emergency Braking\" False Positives Posed Traffic Risks to Drivers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/341/", "description": "Nissan's Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) feature was reported in a series of complaints for false positives and abrupt braking behaviors, endangering car occupants and traffic participants.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "日产“自动紧急制动”误报给司机带来交通风险", "description_zh": "日产的自动紧急制动 (AEB) 功能因误报和突然制动行为而受到一系列投诉，从而危及汽车乘员和交通参与者。" }, { "date": "2014-01-10", "title": "Uber Deployed Secret Program To Deny Local Authorities Rides", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/334/", "description": "Uber developed a secret program \"Greyball\" which prevented known law enforcement officers in areas where its service violated regulations from receiving rides.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "优步部署秘密计划拒绝地方政府乘车", "description_zh": "Uber 开发了一个秘密计划“灰球”，阻止其服务违规地区的已知执法人员接载乘客。" }, { "date": "2019-01-02", "title": "YouTube’s Recommendation Algorithm Allegedly Promoted Climate Misinformation Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/305/", "description": "YouTube’s recommendation system and its focus on views and watched time were alleged by an advocacy group to have driven people towards climate denial and misinformation videos.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 的推荐算法涉嫌宣传气候错误信息内容", "description_zh": "一个倡导团体声称，YouTube 的推荐系统及其对观看次数和观看时间的关注促使人们观看否认气候变化和错误信息的视频。" }, { "date": "2020-02-20", "title": "EasyMile Self-Driving Shuttle Unexpectedly Stopped Mid-Route, Injuring a Passenger", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/297/", "description": "A self-driving shuttle deployed by Smart Columbus in Linden neighborhood unexpectedly stopped on the street, which caused a woman to fall onto the floor from her seat.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EasyMile 自动驾驶班车中途意外停车致乘客受伤", "description_zh": "Smart Columbus 在林登社区部署的一辆自动驾驶班车意外停在街道上，导致一名女子从座位上摔倒在地。" }, { "date": "2020-03-10", "title": "Facebook’s Algorithm Mistook an Advertisement of Onions as Sexual Suggestive Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/282/", "description": "Facebook’s content moderation algorithm misidentified and removed a Canadian business’s advertisement containing a photo of onions as products of overtly sexual content, which was later reinstated after review.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的算法将洋葱广告误认为是性暗示内容", "description_zh": "Facebook 的内容审核算法错误识别并删除了一家加拿大企业的广告，其中包含一张洋葱照片，该广告被认为是公开的色情内容产品，该广告后来在审核后恢复。" }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Local South Korean Government’s Use of CCTV Footage Analysis via Facial Recognition to Track COVID Cases Raised Concerns about Privacy, Retention, and Potential Misuse", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/276/", "description": "Bucheon government’s use of facial recognition in analyzing CCTV footage, despite gaining wide public support, was scrutinized by privacy advocates and some lawmakers for collecting data without consent, and retaining and misusing data beyond pandemic needs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国地方政府通过面部识别利用闭路电视录像分析来追踪新冠病例，引发了对隐私、保留和潜在滥用的担忧", "description_zh": "富川市政府在分析闭路电视录像时使用面部识别技术，尽管获得了广泛的公众支持，但仍受到隐私倡导者和一些立法者的审查，因为他们未经同意就收集数据，并保留和滥用超出大流行需要的数据。" }, { "date": "2022-03-06", "title": "False Negatives for Water Quality-Associated Beach Closures", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/290/", "description": "Toronto’s use of AI predictive modeling (AIPM) which had replaced existing methodology as the only determiner of beach water quality raised concerns about its accuracy, after allegedly conflicting results were found by a local water advocacy group using traditional means.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与水质相关的海滩关闭的误报", "description_zh": "多伦多使用人工智能预测模型（AIPM）取代了现有方法，成为海滩水质的唯一决定因素，引发了人们对其准确性的担忧，此前当地水倡导组织使用传统方法发现了据称相互矛盾的结果。" }, { "date": "2016-10-02", "title": "Twitter Recommender System Amplified Right-Leaning Tweets", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/296/", "description": "Twitter’s “Home” timeline algorithm was revealed by its internal researchers to have amplified tweets and news of rightwing politicians and organizations more than leftwing ones in six out of seven studied countries.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Twitter 推荐系统放大了右倾推文", "description_zh": "Twitter 的内部研究人员透露，Twitter 的“主页”时间线算法在所研究的七个国家中，有六个国家放大了右翼政客和组织的推文和新闻，多于左翼政客和组织的推文和新闻。" }, { "date": "2022-08-25", "title": "BlenderBot 3 Cited Dutch Politician as a Terrorist", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/313/", "description": "Meta’s conversational AI BlenderBot 3, when prompted “who is a terrorist,“ responded with an incumbent Dutch politician’s name, who was confused about its association.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BlenderBot 3 将荷兰政治家列为恐怖分子", "description_zh": "Meta 的对话式 AI BlenderBot 3 在提示“谁是恐怖分子”时，以一位现任荷兰政治家的名字回应，而这位政治家对其关联感到困惑。" }, { "date": "2021-03-17", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Crashed Parked Michigan Police Car on Interstate", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/333/", "description": "A Tesla Model Y on Autopilot collided with a parked Michigan State Police (MSP) car which had its emergency lights on, in Eaton County, Michigan, although no one was injured.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉自动驾驶仪在州际公路上撞毁停泊在密歇根州的警车", "description_zh": "在密歇根州伊顿县，一辆装有自动驾驶仪的特斯拉 Model Y 与一辆停放的密歇根州警察 (MSP) 车辆相撞，该警车打开了应急灯，但没有人员受伤。" }, { "date": "2021-03-11", "title": "Tesla on FSD Reportedly Drove into the Wrong Lane in California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/304/", "description": "A Tesla Model Y in Full Self-Driving (FSD) mode drove into the wrong lane after making a left turn despite its driver allegedly attempting to overtake its driving, resulting in a non-fatal collision with another vehicle in the wrong lane in Brea, California.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，使用 FSD 的特斯拉在加州开错车道", "description_zh": "在加利福尼亚州布雷亚，一辆完全自动驾驶（FSD）模式的特斯拉 Model Y 左转后驶入错误车道，尽管其司机据称试图超车，导致与错误车道上的另一辆车发生非致命碰撞。" }, { "date": "2020-05-08", "title": "Bug in Instagram’s “Related Hashtags” Algorithm Allegedly Caused Disproportionate Treatment of Political Hashtags", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/331/", "description": "A bug was reported by Instagram’s spokesperson to have prevented an algorithm from populating related hashtags for thousands of hashtags, resulting in an allege preferential treatment for some politically partisan hashtags.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Instagram“相关标签”算法中的错误据称导致政治标签受到不成比例的对待", "description_zh": "Instagram 发言人报告称，存在一个错误，导致算法无法填充数千个主题标签的相关主题标签，从而导致某些政治党派主题标签受到优先对待。" }, { "date": "2021-04-17", "title": "Tesla Model S on ACC Crashed into Tree in Texas, Killing Two People", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/337/", "description": "A 2019 Tesla Model S was reportedly traveling on Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) at high speed before crashing into a tree near The Woodlands in Spring, Texas, killing two people.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ACC 上的特斯拉 Model S 在德克萨斯州撞树，造成两人死亡", "description_zh": "据报道，一辆 2019 款特斯拉 Model S 在使用自适应巡航控制系统 (ACC) 高速行驶时，撞上了德克萨斯州斯普林伍德兰兹附近的一棵树，造成两人死亡。" }, { "date": "2016-06-15", "title": "Robots in Japanese Hotel Annoyed Guests and Failed to Handle Simple Tasks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/346/", "description": "A number of robots employed by a hotel in Japan were reported by guests in a series of complaints for failing to handle tasks such as answering scheduling questions or making passport copies without human intervention.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "日本酒店的机器人无法处理简单的任务，惹恼了客人", "description_zh": "日本一家酒店使用的一些机器人因无法在没有人工干预的情况下处理诸如回答日程安排问题或复印护照等任务而受到客人的一系列投诉。" }, { "date": "2018-02-07", "title": "Facebook’s Automated Content Moderation Tool Flagged a Post Containing Parts of the Declaration of Independence as Hate Speech by Mistake", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/283/", "description": "Facebook’s content moderation algorithm was acknowledged by the company to have flagged excerpts of the Declaration of Independence posted by a small newspaper in Texas as hate speech by mistake.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的自动内容审核工具错误地将包含《独立宣言》部分内容的帖子标记为仇恨言论", "description_zh": "该公司承认，Facebook 的内容审核算法错误地将德克萨斯州一家小报纸发布的《独立宣言》摘录标记为仇恨言论。" }, { "date": "2021-02-26", "title": "TikTok’s \"For You\" Allegedly Pushed Fatal “Blackout” Challenge Videos to Two Young Girls", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/286/", "description": "TikTok’s recommendation algorithm was alleged in a lawsuit to have intentionally and repeatedly pushed videos of the “blackout” challenge onto children’s feeds, incentivizing their participation which ultimately resulted in the death of two young girls.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 的“For You”据称向两名年轻女孩推送了致命的“停电”挑战视频", "description_zh": "诉讼指控 TikTok 的推荐算法故意反复将“停电”挑战的视频推送到儿童的动态中，激励他们参与，最终导致两名小女孩死亡。" }, { "date": "2017-01-11", "title": "iPhone Face ID Failed to Recognize Users’ Morning Faces", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/307/", "description": "The Face ID feature on iPhone allowing users to unlock their phones via facial recognition was reported by users for not recognizing their faces in the morning.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "iPhone Face ID 无法识别用户早上的面孔", "description_zh": "iPhone 上的 Face ID 功能允许用户通过面部识别解锁手机，但有用户报告称，该功能在早上无法识别自己的脸。" }, { "date": "2017-08-26", "title": "Facial Recognition Trial Performed Poorly at Notting Hill Carnival", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/309/", "description": "The facial recognition trial by London’s Metropolitan Police Service at the Notting Hill Carnival reportedly performed poorly with a high rate of false positives.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诺丁山狂欢节面部识别试验表现不佳", "description_zh": "据报道，伦敦警察局在诺丁山狂欢节上进行的面部识别试验表现不佳，误报率很高。" }, { "date": "2015-03-24", "title": "Facebook’s On-This-Day Feature Mistakenly Showed Painful Memories to Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/327/", "description": "Facebook’s “On This Day” algorithm which highlighted past posts on a user’s private page or News Feed confronted unwanted and painful personal memories to its users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的“今日”功能错误地向用户展示了痛苦的回忆", "description_zh": "Facebook 的“这一天”算法会突出显示用户私人页面或动态消息上过去发布的帖子，但它却给用户带来了不想要的、痛苦的个人记忆。" }, { "date": "2021-01-07", "title": "Hiring Algorithms Provided Invalid Positive Results for Interview Responses in German", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/344/", "description": "Two AI interview softwares provided positive but invalid results such as \"competent\" English proficiency and high match percentage for interview responses given in German by reporters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "招聘算法为德语面试回答提供了无效的正面结果", "description_zh": "两款人工智能采访软件提供了积极但无效的结果，例如“合格”的英语水平以及记者用德语给出的采访回答的高匹配率。" }, { "date": "2020-01-11", "title": "YouTube Recommendation Reportedly Pushed Election Fraud Content to Skeptics Disproportionately", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/348/", "description": "YouTube's recommendation algorithm allegedly pushed 2020's US Presidential Election fraud content to users most skeptical of the election's legitimacy disproportionately compared to least skeptical users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，YouTube 的推荐将选举舞弊内容大量推给了怀疑论者", "description_zh": "据称，YouTube 的推荐算法将 2020 年美国总统选举欺诈内容推送给对选举合法性最怀疑的用户，而与最不怀疑的用户相比，比例不成比例。" }, { "date": "2022-03-22", "title": "Evolv AI Weapons Detection System Allegedly Misrepresents Accuracy, Leading to School Security Gaps", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/349/", "description": "Evolv's AI-powered weapons scanners were advertised as superior to metal detectors but reportedly failed to detect actual weapons while generating excessive false positives. The FTC alleged that misleading claims about the system's accuracy and speed contributed to schools relying on unreliable dete", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Evolv AI 武器检测系统涉嫌歪曲准确性，导致学校安全漏洞", "description_zh": "Evolv 的人工智能武器扫描仪被宣传为优于金属探测器，但据报道未能检测到实际武器，同时产生过多的误报。联邦贸易委员会声称，有关系统准确性和速度的误导性声明导致学校依赖不可靠的检测" }, { "date": "2022-01-14", "title": "Voices Created Using Publicly Available App Stolen and Resold as NFT without Attribution", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/277/", "description": "An AI-synthetic audio sold as an NFT on Voiceverse’s platform was acknowledged by the company for having been created by 15.ai, a free web app specializing in text-to-speech and AI-voice generation, and reused without proper attribution.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用公开应用程序创建的声音被盗并以 NFT 形式转售，且没有归属", "description_zh": "该公司承认，在 Voiceverse 平台上以 NFT 形式出售的人工智能合成音频是由 15.ai（一款专门从事文本转语音和人工智能语音生成的免费网络应用程序）创建的，并且在没有适当归属的情况下重复使用。" }, { "date": "2020-02-05", "title": "YouTube Auto-Moderation Mistakenly Banned Women of Sex Tech Conference", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/311/", "description": "YouTube’s automated content moderation tool erroneously removed The Women of Sex Tech conference’s live-streamed event and banned the conference from the platform, despite not violating the platform’s sexual content policies.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 自动审核错误地禁止女性参加性技术会议", "description_zh": "YouTube 的自动内容审核工具错误地删除了女性性科技会议的直播活动，并在平台上禁止了该会议，尽管该工具并未违反该平台的性内容政策。" }, { "date": "2020-03-17", "title": "Bug in Facebook’s Anti-Spam Filter Allegedly Blocked Legitimate Posts about COVID-19", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/317/", "description": "Facebook was reported by users for blocking posts of legitimate news about the coronavirus pandemic, allegedly due to a bug in an anti-spam system.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 反垃圾邮件过滤器中的错误据称阻止了有关 COVID-19 的合法帖子", "description_zh": "据用户举报，Facebook 屏蔽了有关冠状病毒大流行的合法新闻，据称是由于反垃圾邮件系统存在缺陷。" }, { "date": "2019-12-11", "title": "GAN Faces Deployed by The BL's Fake Account Network to Push Pro-Trump Content on Meta Platforms", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/324/", "description": "A large network of pages, groups, and fake accounts having GAN-generated face photos associated with The BL, a US-based media outlet, reportedly bypassed Facebook moderation systems to push \"pro-Trump\" narratives on its platform and Instagram.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BL 假账户网络部署 GAN Faces，在元平台上推送支持特朗普的内容", "description_zh": "据报道，一个由页面、群组和虚假账户组成的大型网络，拥有与美国媒体 The BL 相关的 GAN 生成的面部照片，绕过 Facebook 审核系统，在其平台和 Instagram 上推送“支持特朗普”的言论。" }, { "date": "2022-08-21", "title": "Google’s Automated Child Abuse Detection Wrongfully Flagged a Parent’s Naked Photo of His Child", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/303/", "description": "Google’s automated detection of abusive images of children incorrectly flagged a parent’s photo intended for a healthcare provider, resulting in a false police report of child abuse, and loss of access to his online accounts and information.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌的自动虐待儿童检测错误地标记了父母孩子的裸照", "description_zh": "谷歌对儿童虐待图像的自动检测错误地标记了父母为医疗保健提供者拍摄的照片，导致警方对虐待儿童的报告虚假，并无法访问他的在线帐户和信息。" }, { "date": "2022-09-15", "title": "Open-Source Generative Models Abused by Students to Cheat on Assignments and Exams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/339/", "description": "Students were reportedly using open-source text generative models such as GPT-3 and ChatGPT to complete school assignments and exams such as writing reports, essays.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "学生滥用开源生成模型在作业和考试中作弊", "description_zh": "据报道，学生们使用 GPT-3 和 ChatGPT 等开源文本生成模型来完成学校作业和考试，例如撰写报告、论文。" }, { "date": "2021-11-07", "title": "Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter Failed to Proactively Remove Targeted Racist Remarks via Automated Systems", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/343/", "description": "Facebook's, Instagram's, and Twitter's automated content moderation failed to proactively remove racist remarks and posts directing at Black football players after finals loss, allegedly largely relying on user reports of harassment.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook、Instagram 和 Twitter 未能通过自动化系统主动删除有针对性的种族主义言论", "description_zh": "Facebook、Instagram 和 Twitter 的自动内容审核未能在决赛失利后主动删除针对黑人足球运动员的种族主义言论和帖子，据称很大程度上依赖于用户的骚扰报告。" }, { "date": "2021-03-15", "title": "Students Allegedly Wrongfully Accused of Cheating via Medical School's Internal Software", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/302/", "description": "Dartmouth's Geisel School of Medicine allegedly falsely accused students of cheating during remote exams using an internally built system which tracked student activity patterns without their knowledge on its learning management platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "学生涉嫌通过医学院内部软件被错误指控作弊", "description_zh": "达特茅斯盖泽尔医学院据称错误地指控学生在远程考试中作弊，该系统使用内部构建的系统在学生不知情的情况下在其学习管理平台上跟踪学生的活动模式。" }, { "date": "2017-03-07", "title": "Atlas Robot Fell off Stage at Conference", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/308/", "description": "Boston Dynamics’s autonomous robot Atlas allegedly caught its foot on a stage light, resulting in a fall off the stage at the Congress of Future Science and Technology Leaders conference.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Atlas机器人在会议上从舞台上摔下来", "description_zh": "波士顿动力公司的自主机器人 Atlas 据称在未来科学技术领袖大会上脚被舞台灯光绊倒，导致从舞台上摔下来。" }, { "date": "2017-03-06", "title": "High False Positive Rate by SWP's Facial Recognition Use at Champion's League Final", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/310/", "description": "South Wales Police (SWP)’s automated facial recognition (AFR) at the Champion's League Final football game in Cardiff wrongly identified innocent people as potential matches at an extremely high false positive rate of more than 90%.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SWP 在欧冠决赛中使用人脸识别，误报率很高", "description_zh": "在卡迪夫举行的冠军联赛决赛中，南威尔士警方 (SWP) 的自动面部识别 (AFR) 错误地将无辜者识别为潜在比赛对象，误报率极高，超过 90%。" }, { "date": "2016-09-04", "title": "Facial Recognition Service Abused to Target Russian Porn Actresses", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/315/", "description": "The facial recognition software FindFace allowing its users to match photos to people’s social media pages on Vkontakte was reportedly abused to de-anonymize and harass Russian women who appeared in pornography and alleged sex workers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "面部识别服务被滥用以针对俄罗斯色情女演员", "description_zh": "据报道，面部识别软件 FindFace 允许用户将照片与人们在 Vkontakte 上的社交媒体页面进行匹配，该软件被滥用来取消匿名化并骚扰出现在色情作品中的俄罗斯女性和所谓的性工作者。" }, { "date": "2017-09-18", "title": "Amazon Reportedly Recommends Explosive-Producing Ingredients as 'Frequently Bought Together' Items for Chemicals", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/329/", "description": "Amazon was reported to have shown chemical combinations for producing explosives and incendiary devices as \"frequently bought together\" items via automated recommendation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，亚马逊推荐爆炸性成分作为化学品“经常一起购买”的物品", "description_zh": "据报道，亚马逊通过自动推荐将用于生产爆炸物和燃烧装置的化学组合展示为“经常一起购买”的物品。" }, { "date": "2018-01-05", "title": "Facebook’s Automated Removal of Content Featuring Nudity-Containing Artworks Denounced as Censorship", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/284/", "description": "Facebook’s removal of posts featuring renowned artworks by many historical artists and their promotional content due to nudity via both automated and human-moderated means were condemned by critics, such as museums and tourism boards, as cultural censorship and prevention of artwork promotion.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 自动删除含有裸露艺术品的内容被谴责为审查制度", "description_zh": "Facebook通过自动和人工审核的方式删除了许多历史艺术家的著名艺术作品及其宣传内容的帖子，这些帖子因裸体而被博物馆和旅游局等批评家谴责为文化审查和阻止艺术品宣传。" }, { "date": "2021-10-21", "title": "Student-Developed Facial Recognition App Raised Ethical Concerns", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/298/", "description": "TheFaceTag app, a social networking app developed and deployed within-campus by a student at Harvard raised concerns surrounding its facial recognition, cybersecurity, privacy, and misuse. This incident has been downgraded to an issue as it does not meet current ingestion criteria.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "学生开发的面部识别应用程序引发道德担忧", "description_zh": "TheFaceTag 应用程序是一款由哈佛大学学生在校园内开发和部署的社交网络应用程序，引发了人们对其面部识别、网络安全、隐私和滥用的担忧。由于该事件不符合当前的摄取标准，因此已将其降级为问题。" }, { "date": "2019-01-07", "title": "TikTok’s “For You” Algorithm Exposed Young Users to Pro-Eating Disorder Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/279/", "description": "TikTok’s young users were allegedly exposed to community-guideline-violating pro-eating disorder content on their algorithmically curated “For You” page that serves videos from any user on its platform.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 的“For You”算法让年轻用户接触到鼓励饮食失调的内容", "description_zh": "据称，TikTok 的年轻用户在其算法策划的“For You”页面上接触到了违反社区准则的促饮食失调内容，该页面提供其平台上任何用户的视频。" }, { "date": "2019-04-02", "title": "YouTube's Algorithms Failed to Remove Violating Content Related to Suicide and Self-Harm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/281/", "description": "Terms-of-service-violating videos related to suicide and self-harm reportedly bypassed YouTube’s content moderation algorithms, allegedly resulting in exposure of graphic content to young users via recommended videos.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 的算法未能删除与自杀和自残相关的违规内容", "description_zh": "据报道，与自杀和自残相关的违反服务条款的视频绕过了 YouTube 的内容审核算法，据称导致通过推荐视频向年轻用户展示图形内容。" }, { "date": "2021-08-15", "title": "Startup's Accent Translation AI Denounced as Reinforcing Racial Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/312/", "description": "A startup’s use of AI voice technology to alter or remove accents for call center agents was scrutinized by critics as reaffirming bias, despite the company’s claim.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "初创公司的口音翻译人工智能被谴责加剧种族偏见", "description_zh": "一家初创公司使用人工智能语音技术来改变或消除呼叫中心座席的口音，尽管该公司声称如此，但批评者认为这再次证实了偏见。" }, { "date": "2016-02-06", "title": "Facebook Ad-Approval Algorithm Allegedly Missed Fraudulent Ads via Simple URL Checks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/316/", "description": "Facebook’s advertisement-approval algorithm was reported by a security analyst to have neglected simple checks for domain URLs, leaving its users at risk of fraudulent ads.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 广告审批算法据称通过简单的 URL 检查错过了欺诈广告", "description_zh": "一位安全分析师报告称，Facebook 的广告批准算法忽略了对域名 URL 的简单检查，导致用户面临欺诈广告的风险。" }, { "date": "2019-01-30", "title": "New Jersey Police Wrongful Arrested Innocent Black Man via FRT", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/288/", "description": "Woodbridge Police Department falsely arrested an innocent Black man following a misidentification by their facial recognition software, who was jailed for more than a week and paid thousands of dollar for his defense.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州警方错误逮捕无辜黑人（通过 FRT）", "description_zh": "伍德布里奇警察局因面部识别软件误识别而错误地逮捕了一名无辜的黑人男子，该男子被判入狱一个多星期，并支付了数千美元的辩护费。" }, { "date": "2020-06-15", "title": "Starship Delivery Robot Scuffed Bumper of a Resident’s Car in Texas, Allegedly Refusing to Release Footage of the Accident", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/289/", "description": "A Starship food delivery robot crashed into the front bumper of a vehicle waiting at a stoplight intersection in Frisco, Texas, the video of which the company reportedly refused to release.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "星舰送货机器人擦伤德克萨斯州一名居民汽车保险杠，据称拒绝公布事故录像", "description_zh": "在德克萨斯州弗里斯科的红绿灯路口，一台 Starship 送餐机器人撞上了一辆正在等待的车辆的前保险杠，据报道该公司拒绝发布该视频。" }, { "date": "2021-04-13", "title": "Auto-Insurance Photo-Based Estimation Allegedly Gave Inaccurate Repair Prices Frequently", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/345/", "description": "Auto-insurance companies' photo-based estimation of repair price was alleged by repair shop owners and industry groups as providing inaccurate estimates, causing damaged cars to stay in the shop longer.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，汽车保险基于照片的估算经常给出不准确的维修价格", "description_zh": "维修店老板和行业团体声称，汽车保险公司基于照片的维修价格估算提供了不准确的估算，导致损坏的汽车在维修店停留的时间更长。" }, { "date": "2022-02-15", "title": "Teenager at Broward College Allegedly Wrongfully Accused of Cheating via Remote Proctoring", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/301/", "description": "Broward College’s use of remote proctoring system and reliance on its flagging algorithm allegedly led to a wrongful accusation of academic dishonesty in a biology exam of a Florida teenager.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布劳沃德学院的青少年涉嫌通过远程监考被错误指控作弊", "description_zh": "据称，布劳沃德学院使用远程监考系统并依赖其标记算法，导致佛罗里达州一名青少年在生物考试中被错误指控学术不诚实。" }, { "date": "2022-08-17", "title": "Stable Diffusion Abused by 4chan Users to Deepfake Celebrity Porn", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/314/", "description": "Stable Diffusion, an open-source image generation model by Stability AI, was reportedly leaked on 4chan prior to its release date, and was used by its users to generate pornographic deepfakes of celebrities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "4chan 用户滥用稳定扩散来制作 Deepfake 名人色情片", "description_zh": "据报道，Stability AI 的开源图像生成模型 Stable Diffusion 在发布之前就在 4chan 上泄露，并被其用户用来生成名人的色情深度伪造品。" }, { "date": "2019-07-12", "title": "Tesla Model 3 Crashed into Police Patrol Car on Connecticut Highway", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/322/", "description": "A Tesla Model 3 on Autopilot slammed into a parked car of patrol police officers who stopped to assist a stranded motorist on the interstate in Norwalk, Connecticut.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉 Model 3 在康涅狄格州高速公路上撞上警察巡逻车", "description_zh": "在康涅狄格州诺沃克州际公路上，一辆装有自动驾驶仪的特斯拉 Model 3 撞上了一辆停着的巡逻警察的车，当时巡逻警察停下来协助一名被困的驾车者。" }, { "date": "2015-01-03", "title": "UK Home Office's Sham Marriage Detection Algorithm Reportedly Flagged Certain Nationalities Disproportionately", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/336/", "description": "UK Home Office's opaque algorithm to detect sham marriages flagged some nationalities for investigation more than others, raising fears surrounding discrimination based on nationality and age.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，英国内政部的假结婚检测算法不成比例地标记了某些国籍", "description_zh": "英国内政部用于检测假婚姻的不透明算法将某些国籍标记为需要调查的次数多于其他国籍，引发了人们对基于国籍和年龄的歧视的担忧。" }, { "date": "2022-09-13", "title": "\"The Little Mermaid\" Clip Doctored Using Generative AI to Replace Black Actress with White Character", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/351/", "description": "A Twitter user reportedly modified using generative AI a short clip of Disney's 2022 version of \"The Little Mermaid,\" replacing a Black actress with a white digital character.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《小美人鱼》剪辑使用生成式人工智能进行修改，用白人角色替换黑人女演员", "description_zh": "据报道，一名 Twitter 用户使用生成式人工智能修改了迪士尼 2022 年版《小美人鱼》的短片，用白人数字角色取代了黑人女演员。" }, { "date": "2020-04-15", "title": "Walmart's Bagging-Detection False Positives Exposed Workers to Health Risk", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/364/", "description": "Walmart's theft-deterring bagging-detection system allegedly exposed workers to health risks during the coronavirus pandemic when its false positives prompted workers to unnecessarily step in to resolve the issue.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沃尔玛装袋检测误报使工人面临健康风险", "description_zh": "据称，沃尔玛的防盗装袋检测系统在冠状病毒大流行期间使工人面临健康风险，因为其误报促使工人不必要地介入解决问题。" }, { "date": "2020-06-17", "title": "iGPT, SimCLR Learned Biased Associations from Internet Training Data", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/367/", "description": "Unsupervised image generation models trained using Internet images such as iGPT and SimCLR were shown to have embedded racial, gender, and intersectional biases, resulting in stereotypical depictions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "iGPT、SimCLR 从互联网训练数据中学习了有偏差的关联", "description_zh": "使用 iGPT 和 SimCLR 等互联网图像训练的无监督图像生成模型被证明嵌入了种族、性别和交叉偏见，导致刻板的描述。" }, { "date": "2018-07-07", "title": "Uber Allegedly Wrongfully Accused Drivers of Fraud via Automated Systems", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/355/", "description": "Uber was alleged in a lawsuit to have wrongfully accused its drivers in the UK and Portugal of fraudulent activity through automated systems, which resulted in their dismissal without a right to appeal.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Uber 涉嫌通过自动化系统错误指控司机欺诈", "description_zh": "Uber 在一项诉讼中被指控错误地指控其在英国和葡萄牙的司机通过自动化系统进行欺诈活动，导致他们被解雇且无上诉权。" }, { "date": "2020-09-15", "title": "Philosophy AI Tentatively Produced Offensive Results for Certain Prompts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/356/", "description": "Philosopher AI as built on top of GPT-3 was reported by its users for having strong tendencies to produce offensive results when given prompts on certain topics such as feminism and Ethiopia.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哲学人工智能针对某些提示试探性地产生了令人反感的结果", "description_zh": "据用户报告，基于 GPT-3 构建的 Philosopher AI 在针对女权主义和埃塞俄比亚等某些主题给出提示时，很容易产生令人反感的结果。" }, { "date": "2016-01-06", "title": "Facial Recognition Smart Phone App \"Blue Wolf\" Monitored Palestinians in West Bank", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/368/", "description": "A controversial surveillance program involving facial recognition and algorithmic recommendation, Blue Wolf, was deployed by the Israeli military to monitor Palestinians in the West Bank.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "面部识别智能手机应用程序“蓝狼”监控西岸巴勒斯坦人", "description_zh": "以色列军方部署了一项涉及面部识别和算法推荐的有争议的监视程序“蓝狼”来监视西岸的巴勒斯坦人。" }, { "date": "2017-09-27", "title": "Google Fined for Changing Shopping Algorithms in EU to Favor Own Service", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/370/", "description": "Google was fined by EU Commission for changing its shopping algorithms in Europe to favor its own comparison service over competitors, resulting in anti-competitive effects.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌因在欧盟改变购物算法以支持自己的服务而被罚款", "description_zh": "谷歌因改变其在欧洲的购物算法以支持自己的比较服务而不是竞争对手而被欧盟委员会罚款，从而导致反竞争效果。" }, { "date": "2022-06-04", "title": "TuSimple Truck Steered into Interstate Freeway Divide", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/378/", "description": "A TuSimple autonomous truck operating with backup drivers behind the wheel operated on an outdated command sequence and suddenly veered into the center divide on the interstate freeway.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "图森未来卡车驶入州际高速公路分界线", "description_zh": "一辆由后备司机驾驶的图森未来自动驾驶卡车按照过时的命令顺序操作，突然转向州际高速公路的中央分界线。" }, { "date": "2022-07-26", "title": "Facial Recognition Trial by UK Southern Co-op Alleged as Unlawful", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/391/", "description": "Southern Co-op's use of facial recognition reportedly to curb violent crime in UK supermarkets was alleged by civil society and privacy groups as \"unlawful\" and \"complete\" invasion of privacy.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国南方合作社的面部识别试验被指非法", "description_zh": "据报道，南方合作社使用面部识别来遏制英国超市的暴力犯罪，民间社会和隐私团体称其“非法”和“完全”侵犯了隐私。" }, { "date": "2019-11-29", "title": "Uganda Deployed Huawei's Facial Recognition to Monitor Political Opposition and Protests", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/371/", "description": "Huawei's AI systems involving facial recognition were reportedly deployed by the Ugandan government to monitor political opposition actors and anti-regime sentiments, which raised fears of surveillance and suppression of individual freedoms.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌干达部署华为面部识别技术监控政治反对派和抗议活动", "description_zh": "据报道，乌干达政府部署华为涉及面部识别的人工智能系统来监视政治反对派行为者和反政权情绪，这引发了人们对监视和压制个人自由的担忧。" }, { "date": "2021-08-12", "title": "Facebook AI-Supported Moderation for Ads Failed to Detect Violating Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/393/", "description": "Facebook's ad moderation system involving algorithms failed to flag hateful language and violating content such as calls for killings for ads in English and Swahili.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook AI 支持的广告审核未能检测到违规内容", "description_zh": "Facebook 的广告审核系统涉及算法，未能标记仇恨语言和违规内容，例如英语和斯瓦希里语广告中呼吁杀人的内容。" }, { "date": "2018-01-06", "title": "Calgary Malls Deployed Facial Recognition without Customer Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/358/", "description": "Facial recognition (FRT) was reportedly deployed in some Calgary-area malls to approximate customer age and gender without explicit consent, which a privacy expert warned was a cause for concern.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡尔加里购物中心在未经顾客同意的情况下部署面部识别", "description_zh": "据报道，卡尔加里地区的一些购物中心在未经明确同意的情况下部署了面部识别（FRT）来估算顾客的年龄和性别，一位隐私专家警告说，这是一个令人担忧的问题。" }, { "date": "2021-01-15", "title": "Facebook's Automated Moderation Mistakenly Flagged Landmark's Name as Offensive", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/363/", "description": "Facebook's automated system mistakenly labelled posts featuring the seafaring landmark Plymouth Hoe as misogynistic.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的自动审核错误地将地标的名称标记为具有攻击性", "description_zh": "Facebook 的自动化系统错误地将有关航海地标普利茅斯锄头的帖子标记为厌恶女性。" }, { "date": "2022-08-29", "title": "GAN Artwork Won First Place at State Fair Competition", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/369/", "description": "An artwork generated using generative AI won first place in the digital arts category of the Colorado State Fair's art competition, which raised concerns surrounding labor displacement and unfair competition.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GAN 作品荣获州公平竞赛一等奖", "description_zh": "使用生成式人工智能生成的艺术品在科罗拉多州博览会艺术竞赛的数字艺术类别中获得第一名，这引起了人们对劳动力流失和不公平竞争的担忧。" }, { "date": "2022-02-23", "title": "Google Search Returned Fewer Results for Abortion Services in Rural Areas", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/400/", "description": "Google Search reportedly returned fewer abortion clinics for searches from poorer and rural areas, particularly ones with Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌搜索返回的农村地区堕胎服务结果较少", "description_zh": "据报道，对于来自较贫困和农村地区的搜索，谷歌搜索返回的堕胎诊所较少，特别是那些制定了堕胎服务提供者定向监管（TRAP）法的地区。" }, { "date": "2013-01-10", "title": "Michigan's Unemployment Benefits Algorithm MiDAS Issued False Fraud Claims to Thousands of People", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/373/", "description": "Michigan’s MiDAS system falsely accused over 34,000 people of unemployment fraud from 2013 to 2015, which reportedly caused financial ruin for many. The automated system was designed to cut costs, but it adjudicated fraud cases without human oversight. That led to an 85% error rate. Victims faced wa", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密歇根州失业救济金算法 MiDAS 向数千人发出虚假欺诈索赔", "description_zh": "2013年至2015年，密歇根州的MiDAS系统错误地指控超过34,000人失业欺诈，据报道这给许多人造成了经济损失。该自动化系统旨在削减成本，但它在没有人工监督的情况下裁决欺诈案件。这导致了 85% 的错误率。受害者面临着" }, { "date": "2016-01-09", "title": "RealPage Algorithm Allegedly Inflates Rents and Reduces Competition in Housing Market", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/376/", "description": "RealPage’s YieldStar pricing algorithm is at the center of allegations that it enabled landlords to coordinate rent increases by sharing nonpublic pricing and occupancy data, raising rents artificially and reducing competition. On January 7, 2025, the U.S. Department of Justice filed an antitrust la", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "RealPage 算法涉嫌抬高租金并减少住房市场竞争", "description_zh": "RealPage 的 YieldStar 定价算法是指控的核心，该算法使房东能够通过共享非公开定价和入住数据、人为提高租金和减少竞争来协调租金上涨。 2025年1月7日，美国司法部提起反垄断诉讼" }, { "date": "2021-02-03", "title": "Amazon Forced Deployment of AI-Powered Cameras on Delivery Drivers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/395/", "description": "Amazon delivery drivers were forced to consent to algorithmic collection and processing of their location, movement, and biometric data through AI-powered cameras, or be dismissed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊强制送货司机配备人工智能摄像头", "description_zh": "亚马逊送货司机被迫同意通过人工智能摄像头通过算法收集和处理他们的位置、移动和生物识别数据，否则就会被解雇。" }, { "date": "2018-11-05", "title": "Amazon Echo Mistakenly Recorded and Sent Private Conversation to Random Contact", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/361/", "description": "Amazon Echo misinterpreted a background conversation between a husband and wife as instructions for recording a message and sending it to one of the husband's employees.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Amazon Echo 错误地录制私人对话并将其发送给随机联系人", "description_zh": "Amazon Echo 将丈夫和妻子之间的背景对话误解为录制消息并将其发送给丈夫的一名员工的指令。" }, { "date": "2022-11-10", "title": "Weibo Model Had Difficulty Detecting Shifts in Censored Speech", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/377/", "description": "Weibo's user moderation model is having difficulty keeping up with shifting user slang in defiance of Chinese state censors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微博模型难以检测审查言论的变化", "description_zh": "微博的用户审核模式难以跟上用户俚语的变化，无视中国国家审查机构的要求。" }, { "date": "2020-06-20", "title": "Uber Allegedly Violated GDPR by Failing to Provide Sufficient Notice on Automated Profiling for Drivers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/354/", "description": "Uber was alleged in a lawsuit to have provided incomplete notice about automated decision-making and profiling for drivers such as information about their driving behavior, and use of phone.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Uber 涉嫌违反 GDPR，未能就司机自动分析提供充分通知", "description_zh": "Uber 在一项诉讼中被指控提供了有关司机自动决策和分析的不完整通知，例如有关他们的驾驶行为和电话使用的信息。" }, { "date": "2020-10-29", "title": "Autonomous Roborace Car Drove Directly into a Wall", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/381/", "description": "An autonomous Roborace car drove itself into a wall in round one of the Season Beta 1.1 race.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自动机器人竞赛汽车直接撞到墙上", "description_zh": "在 Season Beta 1.1 比赛的第一轮中，一辆自动驾驶 Roborace 赛车撞到了墙上。" }, { "date": "2020-08-13", "title": "UK Ofqual's Algorithm Disproportionately Provided Lower Grades Than Teachers' Assessments", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/374/", "description": "UK Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation (Ofqual)'s grade-standardization algorithm providing predicted grades for A level and GCSE qualifications in the UK, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland was reportedly giving grades lower than teachers' assessments, and disproportionately for", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国 Ofqual 算法给出的分数不成比例地低于教师评估", "description_zh": "据报道，英国资格和考试监管办公室 (Ofqual) 的成绩标准化算法为英国、威尔士、北爱尔兰和苏格兰的 A Level 和 GCSE 资格提供预测成绩，但给出的成绩低于教师的评估，而且比例不成比例。" }, { "date": "2014-04-03", "title": "Facebook's Auto-Generated Targeting Ad Categories Contained Anti-Semitic Options", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/380/", "description": "Facebook's automated advertising categories generated using users' declared interests contained anti-Semitic categories such as \"Jew hater\" and \"How to burn Jews\" which were listed as fields of study.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 自动生成的定向广告类别包含反犹太主义选项", "description_zh": "Facebook 根据用户声明的兴趣生成的自动广告类别包含反犹太类别，例如“犹太人仇恨者”和“如何烧死犹太人”，这些类别被列为研究领域。" }, { "date": "2019-02-14", "title": "GPT-2 Able to Recite PII in Training Data", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/357/", "description": "OpenAI's GPT-2 reportedly memorized and could regurgitate verbatim instances of training data, including personally identifiable information such as names, emails, twitter handles, and phone numbers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "GPT-2 能够在训练数据中背诵 PII", "description_zh": "据报道，OpenAI 的 GPT-2 可以记忆并逐字复述训练数据实例，包括姓名、电子邮件、推特账号和电话号码等个人身份信息。" }, { "date": "2022-04-10", "title": "Canadian Police's Release of Suspect's AI-Generated Facial Photo Reportedly Reinforced Racial Profiling", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/385/", "description": "The Edmonton Police Service (EPS) in Canada released a facial image of a Black male suspect generated by an algorithm using DNA phenotyping, which was denounced by the local community as racial profiling.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大警方公布了嫌疑人人工智能生成的面部照片，据称强化了种族定性", "description_zh": "加拿大埃德蒙顿警察局 (EPS) 发布了一张使用 DNA 表型分析算法生成的黑人男性嫌疑人的面部图像，该图像被当地社区谴责为种族定性。" }, { "date": "2018-01-12", "title": "Facial Recognition Pilot in Bahia Reportedly Targeted Black and Poor People", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/388/", "description": "Facial recognition deployed in a pilot project by the local government of Bahia despite having minimal hit rate reportedly targeted Black and poor people disproportionately.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，巴伊亚的面部识别试点针对黑人和穷人", "description_zh": "巴伊亚地方政府在一个试点项目中部署了面部识别，尽管据报道命中率极低，但它主要针对的是黑人和穷人。" }, { "date": "2022-04-10", "title": "Google Home Mini Speaker Reportedly Read N-Word in Song Title Aloud", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/383/", "description": "Google Home Mini speaker was reported by users for announcing aloud the previously-censored n-word in a song title.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，谷歌 Home Mini 音箱可以朗读歌曲标题中的 N 个单词", "description_zh": "Google Home Mini 扬声器因大声宣布歌曲标题中先前经过审查的 n 字而被用户举报。" }, { "date": "2022-06-28", "title": "Deepfakes Reportedly Deployed in Online Interviews for Remote Work Positions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/390/", "description": "Voice and video deepfakes were reported by FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) in complaint reports to have been deployed during online interviews of the candidates for remote-work positions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，远程工作职位的在线面试中使用了 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "FBI 互联网犯罪投诉中心 (IC3) 在投诉报告中报告称，在远程工作职位候选人的在线面试过程中使用了语音和视频深度伪造技术。" }, { "date": "2014-12-22", "title": "Oracle's Algorithmic Data Processing System Alleged as Unlawful and Violating Privacy Rights", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/387/", "description": "Oracle's automated system involving algorithmic data processing was alleged in a lawsuit to have been unlawfully collecting personal data from millions of people and violating their privacy rights.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "甲骨文的算法数据处理系统被指控非法并侵犯隐私权", "description_zh": "甲骨文涉及算法数据处理的自动化系统在一项诉讼中被指控非法收集数百万人的个人数据并侵犯了他们的隐私权。" }, { "date": "2017-03-15", "title": "Social Media's Automated Word-Flagging without Context Shifted Content Creators' Language Use", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/394/", "description": "TikTok's, YouTube's, Instagram's, and Twitch's use of algorithms to flag certain words devoid of context changed content creators' use of everyday language or discussion about certain topics in fear of their content getting flagged or auto-demonetized by mistake.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体的自动单词标记无需上下文转换内容创作者的语言使用", "description_zh": "TikTok、YouTube、Instagram 和 Twitch 使用算法来标记某些缺乏上下文的单词，这改变了内容创建者对日常语言的使用或对某些主题的讨论，因为他们担心自己的内容会被错误地标记或自动取消货币化。" }, { "date": "2021-07-20", "title": "Facebook's Automated Moderation Flagged Gardening Group's Language Use by Mistake", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/362/", "description": "Facebook's automated system flagged gardening groups' use of \"hoe\" and violent language against bugs as a violation by mistake.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的自动审核标记了园艺小组的语言使用错误", "description_zh": "Facebook 的自动化系统将园艺团体对虫子使用“锄头”和暴力语言标记为错误的违规行为。" }, { "date": "2022-03-10", "title": "Glovo Driver in Italy Fired via Automated Email after Being Killed in Accident", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/384/", "description": "Delivery company Glovo's automated system sent an email terminating an employee for \"non-compliance terms and conditions\" after the employee was killed in a car accident while making a delivery on Glovo's behalf.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "意大利 Glovo 司机在事故中丧生后通过自动电子邮件被解雇", "description_zh": "送货公司 Glovo 的自动化系统向一名员工发送了一封电子邮件，以“不遵守条款和条件”为由解雇了该员工，此前该员工在代表 Glovo 送货时因车祸身亡。" }, { "date": "2021-05-23", "title": "Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter Cited Errors in Automated Systems as Cause for Blocking pro-Palestinian Content on Israeli-Palestinian Conflict", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/359/", "description": "Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter wrongly blocked or restricted millions of pro-Palestinian posts and accounts related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, citing errors in their automated content moderation system.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook、Instagram 和 Twitter 称自动化系统中的错误是屏蔽有关以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的亲巴勒斯坦内容的原因", "description_zh": "Facebook、Instagram 和 Twitter 错误地屏蔽或限制了数以百万计与巴以冲突相关的亲巴勒斯坦帖子和账户，理由是其自动内容审核系统存在错误。" }, { "date": "2018-04-07", "title": "Transgender Uber Drivers Mistakenly Kicked off App for Appearance Change during Gender Transitions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/396/", "description": "Transgender Uber drivers reported being automatically deactivated from the app due to Real-Time ID Check failing to account for difference in appearance of people undergoing gender transitions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "跨性别优步司机在性别转变期间错误地启动了外观改变应用程序", "description_zh": "跨性别优步司机报告称，由于实时身份检查未能考虑到正在经历性别转变的人的外表差异，因此他们被自动从应用程序中停用。" }, { "date": "2022-09-15", "title": "GPT-3-Based Twitter Bot Hijacked Using Prompt Injection Attacks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/352/", "description": "Remoteli.io's GPT-3-based Twitter bot was shown being hijacked by Twitter users who redirected it to repeat or generate any phrases.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用即时注入攻击劫持基于 GPT-3 的 Twitter 机器人", "description_zh": "Remoteli.io 基于 GPT-3 的 Twitter 机器人被 Twitter 用户劫持，用户将其重定向以重复或生成任何短语。" }, { "date": "2022-07-22", "title": "Users Reported Security Issues with Google Pixel 6a's Fingerprint Unlocking", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/372/", "description": "Google Pixel 6a's fingerprint recognition feature was reported by users for security issues, in which phones were mistakenly unlocked by unregistered fingerprints.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "用户报告 Google Pixel 6a 指纹解锁存在安全问题", "description_zh": "谷歌 Pixel 6a 的指纹识别功能被用户举报存在安全问题，导致手机被未注册的指纹错误解锁。" }, { "date": "2019-09-29", "title": "Thai Wallet App's Facial Recognition Errors Created Registration Issues for Government Programs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/375/", "description": "A Thai wallet app failed to recognize people’s faces, resulting in citizens and disproportionately elders unable to sign up for Thai government’s cash handout and co-pay programs or having to wait in long queues at local ATMs for authentication.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国钱包应用程序的面部识别错误导致政府项目出现注册问题", "description_zh": "泰国的一款钱包应用程序无法识别人们的面孔，导致公民和老年人无法报名参加泰国政府的现金发放和共同支付计划，或者不得不在当地 ATM 机上排长队等待身份验证。" }, { "date": "1992-05-25", "title": "Error in Pepsi's Number Generation System Led to Decades-Long Damages in the Philippines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/379/", "description": "Pepsi's number generation system determining daily winners in its Number Fever promotion in the Philippines mistakenly produced a number held by thousands which resulted in riots, deaths, conspiracy theories, and decades of lawsuits.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "百事可乐号码生成系统的错误导致菲律宾遭受长达数十年的损失", "description_zh": "百事可乐在菲律宾举行的“数字狂热”促销活动中，每天确定中奖者的号码生成系统错误地生成了数千人持有的号码，导致骚乱、死亡、阴谋论和数十年的诉讼。" }, { "date": "2017-11-21", "title": "Instagram's Exposure of Harmful Content Contributed to Teenage Girl’s Suicide", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/382/", "description": "Instagram was ruled by a judge to have contributed to the death of a teenage girl in the UK allegedly through its exposure and recommendation of suicide, self-harm, and depressive content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Instagram 曝光有害内容导致少女自杀", "description_zh": "Instagram 被法官裁定涉嫌通过曝光和推荐自杀、自残和抑郁内容导致英国一名少女死亡。" }, { "date": "2019-03-07", "title": "Amazon’s \"Time Off Task\" System Made False Assumptions about Workers' Time Management", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/386/", "description": "Amazon’s warehouse worker “time off task\" (TOT) tracking system was used to discipline and dismiss workers, falsely assuming workers to have wasted time and failing to account for breaks or equipment issues.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊的“休假任务”系统对员工的时间管理做出了错误的假设", "description_zh": "亚马逊的仓库工人“休假任务”（TOT）跟踪系统被用来惩罚和解雇工人，错误地认为工人浪费了时间，并且没有考虑到休息或设备问题。" }, { "date": "2022-05-04", "title": "Cruise Autonomous Car Blocked Fire Truck Responding to Emergency", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/389/", "description": "A fire truck in San Francisco responding to a fire was blocked from passing a doubled-parked garbage truck by a self-driving Cruise car on the opposing lane which stayed put and did not reverse to clear the lane.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巡航自动驾驶汽车阻止消防车应对紧急情况", "description_zh": "旧金山，一辆应对火灾的消防车在超越一辆并排停放的垃圾车时，被对面车道上的一辆自动驾驶 Cruise 汽车挡住，该汽车原地不动，没有倒车清理车道。" }, { "date": "2022-11-09", "title": "Misinformation Reported in TikTok's Search Results Despite Moderation by AI and Human", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/397/", "description": "TikTok's search recommendations reportedly contained misinformation about political topics bypassing both AI and human content moderation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尽管经过人工智能和人工审核，TikTok 的搜索结果仍报告错误信息", "description_zh": "据报道，TikTok 的搜索推荐包含有关政治话题的错误信息，绕过了人工智能和人工内容审核。" }, { "date": "2022-08-15", "title": "Tesla Autopilot Misidentified On-Road Horse-Drawn Carriage", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/398/", "description": "Tesla Autopilot's computer vision system was shown in a video mistaking a horse-drawn carriage for other forms of transport such as a truck, a car, and a human following a car.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉自动驾驶仪错误识别公路马车", "description_zh": "视频中显示，特斯拉自动驾驶仪的计算机视觉系统将马车误认为是其他形式的交通工具，例如卡车、汽车以及跟随汽车的人。" }, { "date": "2022-11-15", "title": "Meta AI's Scientific Paper Generator Reportedly Produced Inaccurate and Harmful Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/399/", "description": "Meta AI trained and hosted a scientific paper generator that sometimes produced bad science and prohibited queries on topics and groups that are likely to produce offensive or harmful content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Meta AI 的科学论文生成器生成了不准确且有害的内容", "description_zh": "Meta AI 训练并托管了一个科学论文生成器，该生成器有时会产生不良科学结果，并禁止对可能产生攻击性或有害内容的主题和群体进行查询。" }, { "date": "2021-03-06", "title": "Kannada Insulted by Google's Featured Answer as \"Ugliest Language in India\"", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/401/", "description": "Google's knowledge-graph-powered algorithm showed Kannada in its featured Answer Box when prompted \"ugliest language in India,\" causing outrage from Kannada-speaking people and government.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡纳达语被谷歌精选答案侮辱为“印度最丑陋的语言”", "description_zh": "谷歌的知识图驱动算法在提示“印度最丑陋的语言”时，在其特色答案框中显示了卡纳达语，引起了卡纳达语人民和政府的愤怒。" }, { "date": "2021-01-04", "title": "Players Manipulated GPT-3-Powered Game to Generate Sexually Explicit Material Involving Children", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/402/", "description": "Latitude's GPT-3-powered game AI Dungeon was reportedly abused by some players who manipulated its AI to generate sexually explicit stories involving children.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "玩家操纵 GPT-3 驱动的游戏生成涉及儿童的露骨色情内容", "description_zh": "据报道，Latitude 的 GPT-3 驱动的游戏 AI Dungeon 被一些玩家滥用，他们操纵其 AI 生成涉及儿童的露骨色情故事。" }, { "date": "2021-10-15", "title": "McDonald's AI Drive-Thru Allegedly Collected Biometric Customer Data without Consent, Violating BIPA", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/360/", "description": "McDonald's use of chatbot in its AI drive-through in Chicago was alleged in a lawsuit to have collected and processed voice data without user consent to predict customer information, which violated Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA).", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦当劳 AI Drive-Thru 涉嫌未经同意收集客户生物识别数据，违反 BIPA", "description_zh": "麦当劳在芝加哥的人工智能得来速餐厅中使用聊天机器人，被指控在未经用户同意的情况下收集和处理语音数据来预测客户信息，这违反了伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法（BIPA）。" }, { "date": "2020-09-20", "title": "Suicide Clips Evaded TikTok's Automated Moderation in Coordinated Attack", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/366/", "description": "Many clips showing a suicide evaded TikTok's automated content moderation system allegedly in a coordinated attack, which resulted in exposure of violating content to its users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自杀视频在协同攻击中避开了 TikTok 的自动审核", "description_zh": "许多显示自杀的视频据称在一次协同攻击中规避了 TikTok 的自动内容审核系统，导致违规内容暴露给用户。" }, { "date": "2015-01-06", "title": "Facebook's AI-Supported Moderation Failed to Classify Terrorist Content in East African Languages", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/392/", "description": "Facebook's system involving algorithmic content moderation for East African languages was reportedly failing to identify violating content on the platform such as mistakenly classifying non-terrorist content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 人工智能支持的审核未能对东非语言的恐怖内容进行分类", "description_zh": "据报道，Facebook 涉及东非语言算法内容审核的系统未能识别平台上的违规内容，例如错误地对非恐怖主义内容进行分类。" }, { "date": "2016-03-02", "title": "Uber's Surge Pricing Reportedly Offered Disproportionate Service Quality along Racial Lines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/407/", "description": "Uber's surge-pricing algorithm which adjusts prices to influence car availability inadvertently caused better service offering such as shorter wait times for majority white neighborhoods.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Uber 的峰时定价提供了不按种族划分的不成比例的服务质量", "description_zh": "优步的动态定价算法通过调整价格来影响汽车可用性，无意中提供了更好的服务，例如缩短了大多数白人社区的等待时间。" }, { "date": "2019-06-25", "title": "Sound Intelligence's Aggression Detector Misidentified Innocuous Sounds", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/404/", "description": "Sound Intelligence's \"aggression detection\" algorithm deployed by schools reportedly contained high rates of false positive, misclassifying laughing, coughing, cheering, and loud discussions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "声音智能的攻击探测器错误识别了无害的声音", "description_zh": "据报道，学校部署的 Sound Intelligence 的“攻击行为检测”算法存在很高的误报率，并对笑声、咳嗽、欢呼和大声讨论进行了错误分类。" }, { "date": "2015-07-15", "title": "Facebook's Friend Suggestion Feature Recommends Patients of Psychiatrist to Each Other", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/406/", "description": "Facebook's \"People You May Know\" (PYMK) feature was reported by a psychiatrist for recommending her patients as friends through recommendations, violating patients' privacy and confidentiality.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook的好友推荐功能可以互相推荐精神科医生的患者", "description_zh": "Facebook 的“你可能认识的人”（PYMK）功能被一名精神科医生举报，因为它通过推荐将她的患者推荐为朋友，侵犯了患者的隐私和保密性。" }, { "date": "2017-04-15", "title": "Facebook Reportedly Outed Sex Workers through Friend Recommendations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/408/", "description": "Facebook's \"People You May Know\" feature reportedly outed sex workers by recommending clients to their personal accounts or family members to their business accounts with no option to opt out.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 Facebook 通过好友推荐出卖性工作者", "description_zh": "据报道，Facebook 的“你可能认识的人”功能通过将客户推荐到他们的个人帐户或将家庭成员推荐到他们的企业帐户而没有选择退出的方式来揭露性工作者。" }, { "date": "2013-09-13", "title": "Facial Recognition Researchers Used YouTube Videos of Transgender People without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/409/", "description": "YouTube videos of transgender people used by researchers to study facial recognition during gender transitions were used and distributed without permission.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "面部识别研究人员未经同意使用跨性别者的 YouTube 视频", "description_zh": "研究人员使用跨性别者的 YouTube 视频来研究性别转变过程中的面部识别，但未经许可就使用和传播了这些视频。" }, { "date": "2018-11-28", "title": "Schufa Credit Scoring in Germany Reported for Unreliable and Imbalanced Scores", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/405/", "description": "Creditworthiness Schufa scores in Germany reportedly privileged older and female consumers, and people who changed addresses less frequently, and were unreliable depending on scoring version.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，德国的 Schufa 信用评分分数不可靠且不平衡", "description_zh": "据报道，德国的信用度 Schufa 评分为老年消费者和女性消费者以及地址变更频率较低的人提供了特权，并且根据评分版本并不可靠。" }, { "date": "2018-01-15", "title": "Gmail’s Inbox Sorting System Reportedly Reduced Visibility of Political Emails and Campaign Calls-to-Action", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/403/", "description": "Google's Gmail inbox sorting algorithm for political emails was reported by presidential candidates, nonprofits, and advocacy groups for having negative impact on call-to-actions, allegedly suppressing donations and impeding political actions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Gmail 的收件箱排序系统降低了政治电子邮件和竞选号召性用语的可见性", "description_zh": "总统候选人、非营利组织和倡导团体报告称，谷歌的 Gmail 政治电子邮件收件箱排序算法对号召性用语产生了负面影响，据称压制捐款并阻碍政治行动。" }, { "date": "2022-09-11", "title": "KFC Sent Insensitive Kristallnacht Promotion via Holiday Detection System", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/410/", "description": "KFC cited an error in an automated holiday detection system which identified the anniversary of Kristallnacht and prompted an insensitive push notification promoting its chicken.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯德基通过假期检测系统发送不敏感的水晶之夜促销活动", "description_zh": "肯德基引用了自动假日检测系统中的一个错误，该系统识别了水晶之夜的周年纪念日，并提示了一条不敏感的推送通知来推销其鸡肉。" }, { "date": "2022-11-27", "title": "Chinese Accounts Spammed Twitter Feed Allegedly to Obscure News of Protests", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/411/", "description": "Twitter Feed was flooded by content from Chinese-language accounts which allegedly aimed to manipulate and reduce social media coverage about widespread protests against coronavirus restrictions in China.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国账户向推特发送垃圾邮件，据称是为了掩盖抗议新闻", "description_zh": "Twitter Feed 充斥着来自中文账户的内容，这些账户据称旨在操纵和减少社交媒体对中国针对冠状病毒限制措施的广泛抗议活动的报道。" }, { "date": "2020-01-15", "title": "Finland Police's Facial Recognition Trial to Identify Sexual Abuse Victims Deemed Illegal", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/412/", "description": "Finland's National Police Board was reprimanded for illegal processing of special categories of personal data in a facial recognition trial to identify potential victims of child sexual abuse.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "芬兰警方进行面部识别试验以识别性虐待受害者被视为非法", "description_zh": "芬兰国家警察局因在面部识别试验中非法处理特殊类别的个人数据而受到谴责，该试验旨在识别儿童性虐待的潜在受害者。" }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Thousands of Incorrect ChatGPT-Produced Answers Posted on Stack Overflow", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/413/", "description": "Thousands of incorrect answers produced by OpenAI's ChatGPT were submitted to Stack Overflow, which swamped the site's volunteer-based quality curation process and harmed users looking for correct answers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Stack Overflow 上发布了数千个由 ChatGPT 生成的错误答案", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 产生的数千个错误答案被提交给 Stack Overflow，这淹没了该网站基于志愿者的质量管理流程，并损害了寻找正确答案的用户。" }, { "date": "2020-01-18", "title": "Facebook Gave Vulgar English Translation of Chinese President's Name", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/414/", "description": "Facebook provided a vulgar Burmese-English translation of the Chinese president's name in posts of an official Burmese politician's Facebook page announcing his visit.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook给出了中国国家主席名字的粗俗英文翻译", "description_zh": "Facebook 在一位缅甸官方政治家宣布访问的 Facebook 页面上发布的帖子中，提供了中国国家主席名字的粗俗缅甸语-英语翻译。" }, { "date": "2020-07-28", "title": "Facebook Provided Offensive Translation for King of Thailand's Birthday Ceremony", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/415/", "description": "Facebook's Thai-English translation gave an inappropriate mistranslation on Thai PBS's Facebook live broadcast of the King of Thailand’s candle-lighting birthday ceremony.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 为泰国国王生日仪式提供攻击性翻译", "description_zh": "Facebook 的泰英翻译在泰国 PBS 的 Facebook 直播泰国国王烛光生日仪式上出现了不恰当的误译。" }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "Facebook's Job Ad Algorithm Allegedly Biased against Older and Female Workers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/416/", "description": "Facebook's algorithm was alleged in a complaint by Real Women in Trucking to have selectively shown job advertisements disproportionately against older and female workers in favor of younger men for blue-collar positions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的招聘广告算法涉嫌对老年员工和女性员工存在偏见", "description_zh": "Real Women in Trucking 在一份投诉中称，Facebook 的算法选择性地展示了不成比例地不利于老年工人和女性工人的招聘广告，而有利于年轻男性担任蓝领职位。" }, { "date": "2019-11-15", "title": "Facebook Feed Algorithms Exposed Low Digitally Skilled Users to More Disturbing Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/417/", "description": "Facebook feed algorithms were known by internal research to have harmed people having low digital literacy by exposing them to disturbing content they did not know how to avoid or monitor.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook Feed 算法让数字技能较低的用户接触到更多令人不安的内容", "description_zh": "内部研究表明，Facebook 的 feed 算法会让数字素养较低的人接触到他们不知道如何避免或监控的令人不安的内容，从而伤害了他们。" }, { "date": "2017-03-13", "title": "Uber Locked Indian Drivers out of Accounts Allegedly Due to Facial Recognition Fails", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/418/", "description": "Uber drivers in India reported being locked out of their accounts allegedly due to Real-Time ID Check's facial recognition failing to recognize appearance changes or faces in low lighting conditions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Uber 因面部识别失败而锁定了印度司机的账户", "description_zh": "印度的 Uber 司机报告称，由于实时身份检查的面部识别功能无法识别外观变化或弱光条件下的面部，他们的帐户被锁定。" }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "Facebook's Automated Moderation Allowed Ads Threatening Election Workers to be Posted", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/419/", "description": "Facebook's automated moderating system failed to flag and allowed ads containing explicit violent language against election workers to be published.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的自动审核允许发布威胁选举工作人员的广告", "description_zh": "Facebook 的自动审核系统未能标记并允许发布包含针对选举工作人员的明显暴力语言的广告。" }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Users Bypassed ChatGPT's Content Filters with Ease", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/420/", "description": "Users reported bypassing ChatGPT's content and keyword filters with relative ease using various methods such as prompt injection or creating personas to produce biased associations or generate harmful content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "用户轻松绕过 ChatGPT 的内容过滤器", "description_zh": "用户报告称，使用提示注入或创建角色等各种方法相对轻松地绕过了 ChatGPT 的内容和关键字过滤器，以产生有偏见的关联或生成有害内容。" }, { "date": "2022-11-20", "title": "Stable Diffusion Allegedly Used Artists' Works without Permission for AI Training", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/421/", "description": "Text-to-image model Stable Diffusion was reportedly using artists' original works without permission for its AI training.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "稳定扩散涉嫌未经许可使用艺术家作品进行AI训练", "description_zh": "据报道，文本到图像模型 Stable Diffusion 在未经许可的情况下使用艺术家的原创作品进行 AI 训练。" }, { "date": "2022-11-22", "title": "Deepfake of FTX's Former CEO Posted on Twitter Aiming to Scam FTX Collapse Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/422/", "description": "A visual and audio deepfake of former FTX CEO Sam Bankman-Fried was posted on Twitter to scam victims of the exchange's collapse by urging people to transfer funds into an anonymous cryptocurrency wallet.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTX 前首席执行官在 Twitter 上发布 Deepfake 旨在诈骗 FTX 崩盘受害者", "description_zh": "FTX 前首席执行官萨姆·班克曼·弗里德 (Sam Bankman-Fried) 的视频和音频深度伪造视频发布在 Twitter 上，敦促人们将资金转移到匿名加密货币钱包中，以欺骗交易所倒闭的受害者。" }, { "date": "2022-11-22", "title": "Lensa AI's Produced Unintended Sexually Explicit or Suggestive \"Magic Avatars\" for Women", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/423/", "description": "Lensa AI's \"Magic Avatars\" were reportedly generating sexually explicit and sexualized features disproportionately for women and Asian women despite not submitting any sexual content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lensa AI 为女性制作了无意识的露骨或挑逗性“魔法头像”", "description_zh": "据报道，Lensa AI 的“魔法头像”尽管没有提交任何性内容，但针对女性和亚洲女性生成了不成比例的露骨和性化特征。" }, { "date": "2020-09-03", "title": "Universities' AI Proctoring Tools Allegedly Failed Canada's Legal Threshold for Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/424/", "description": "AI proctoring tools for remote exams were reportedly \"not conducive\" to individual consent for Canadian students whose biometric data was collected during universities' use of remote proctoring in the COVID pandemic.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大学的人工智能监考工具据称未达到加拿大同意的法律门槛", "description_zh": "据报道，用于远程考试的人工智能监考工具“不利于”加拿大学生的个人同意，这些学生的生物识别数据是在大学在新冠大流行期间使用远程监考期间收集的。" }, { "date": "2021-12-06", "title": "State Farm Allegedly Discriminated against Black Customers in Claim Payout", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/425/", "description": "State Farm's automated claims processing method was alleged in a class action lawsuit to have disproportionately against Black policyholders when paying out insurance claims.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，国营农场在理赔方面歧视黑人顾客", "description_zh": "State Farm 的自动索赔处理方法在一项集体诉讼中被指控在支付保险索赔时对黑人投保人造成了不成比例的损害。" }, { "date": "2022-09-23", "title": "XPeng P7 Crashed into Truck in Shangdong While on Automatic Navigation Assisted Driving", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/426/", "description": "An XPeng P7 was operating on Navigation Guided Pilot (NGP) mode automatic navigation assisted driving system as it collided with a truck on a highway in Shandong, causing slight injuries to its driver.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小鹏P7在山东自动导航辅助驾驶时撞卡车", "description_zh": "一辆小鹏P7在山东某高速公路上运行NGP模式自动导航辅助驾驶系统时与一辆卡车相撞，造成驾驶员轻伤。" }, { "date": "2022-03-15", "title": "Cruise Taxis' Sudden Braking Allegedly Put People at Risk", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/427/", "description": "Cruise's autonomous taxis slowed suddenly, braked, and were hit from behind, allegedly becoming unexpected roadway obstacles and potentially putting passengers and other people at risk.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称邮轮出租车突然刹车使人面临危险", "description_zh": "Cruise 的自动驾驶出租车突然减速、刹车，并从后面受到撞击，据称成为意想不到的道路障碍，并可能使乘客和其他人面临危险。" }, { "date": "2017-05-19", "title": "BBC Reporter's Twin Brother Cracked HSBC's Voice ID Authentication", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/428/", "description": "HSBC’s voice recognition authentication system was fooled after seven repeated attempts by a BBC reporter's twin brother who mimicked his voice to access his bank account.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BBC记者的双胞胎兄弟破解了汇丰银行的语音ID认证", "description_zh": "一名 BBC 记者的双胞胎兄弟模仿他的声音访问他的银行账户，连续七次尝试后，汇丰银行的语音识别验证系统被愚弄。" }, { "date": "2016-01-04", "title": "Unreliable ShotSpotter Audio Convicted Black Rochester Man of Shooting Police", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/429/", "description": "ShotSpotter's \"unreliable\" audio was used as scientific evidence to accuse and convict a Black man of attempting to shoot Rochester's city police, whose conviction was later reversed by a county judge.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "不可靠的 ShotSpotter 音频判定罗切斯特黑人枪击警察有罪", "description_zh": "ShotSpotter 的“不可靠”音频被用作科学证据，指控并定罪一名试图射杀罗切斯特市警察的黑人，但后来一名县法官推翻了对他的定罪。" }, { "date": "2022-12-19", "title": "Lawyers Denied Entry to Performance Venue by Facial Recognition", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/430/", "description": "Lawyers were barred from entry to Madison Square Garden after a facial recognition system matched them as employed by a law firm currently engaged in litigation with the venue.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "律师通过面部识别拒绝进入表演场地", "description_zh": "律师被禁止进入麦迪逊广场花园，因为面部识别系统将他们匹配为一家目前正在与该场地进行诉讼的律师事务所雇用的律师。" }, { "date": "2022-04-20", "title": "Robbers Accessed Drugged Gay Men's Bank Accounts Using Their Phones' Facial Recognition", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/431/", "description": "Gay men in New York City were drugged by robbers who accessed their phones using facial recognition while they were unconscious to transfer funds out of their bank accounts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "劫匪利用手机的面部识别功能访问了被下药的男同性恋者的银行账户", "description_zh": "纽约市的男同性恋者被劫匪下药，劫匪在他们不自觉的情况下通过面部识别访问他们的手机，从他们的银行账户中转出资金。" }, { "date": "2022-12-21", "title": "Southwest Airlines Crew Scheduling Solver Degenerates Flight Network", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/432/", "description": "Southwest Airlines left passengers stranded for days throughout the flight network when Southwest crew scheduling software repeatedly failed to recover from weather-induced flight cancellations.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "西南航空机组人员调度求解器导致航班网络退化", "description_zh": "由于西南航空机组人员调度软件多次无法从天气原因导致的航班取消中恢复过来，西南航空导致整个航班网络的乘客滞留数日。" }, { "date": "2012-01-08", "title": "Chicago Police's Strategic Subject List Reportedly Biased Along Racial Lines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/433/", "description": "Chicago Police Department (CPD)'s Strategic Subject List as output of an algorithm purportedly to identify victims or perpetrators of violence was reportedly ineffective, easily abused, and biased against low-income communities of color.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，芝加哥警方的战略主题清单存在种族偏见", "description_zh": "芝加哥警察局 (CPD) 的战略主题列表是一种算法的输出，据称该算法旨在识别暴力受害者或施暴者，据报道该列表无效、容易被滥用，并且对低收入有色人种社区存在偏见。" }, { "date": "2022-11-24", "title": "Sudden Braking by Tesla Allegedly on Self-Driving Mode Caused Multi-Car Pileup in Tunnel", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/434/", "description": "A Tesla driver alleged Full Self Driving (FSD) braking unexpectedly as the cause for an eight-car pileup in San Francisco which led to minor injuries of nine people.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称特斯拉在自动驾驶模式下突然刹车导致隧道内多车连环相撞", "description_zh": "一名特斯拉司机声称，全自动驾驶 (FSD) 意外制动导致了旧金山发生的八车连环相撞事故，导致 9 人受轻伤。" }, { "date": "2022-12-28", "title": "Tesla Driver Put Car on Autopilot Before Falling Asleep in Germany", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/436/", "description": "A Tesla driver fell asleep on an Autobahn near Bamberg, Germany after activating his vehicle's Autopilot mode, which did not respond to attempts to pull it over by the police.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德国特斯拉司机在睡着前将汽车置于自动驾驶状态", "description_zh": "一名特斯拉司机在激活车辆的自动驾驶模式后在德国班贝格附近的高速公路上睡着了，该模式对警方试图将其靠边停车的尝试没有反应。" }, { "date": "2021-09-17", "title": "Chinese Province Developed System Tracking Journalists and International Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/438/", "description": "Henan's provincial government reportedly planned system involving facial recognition cameras connected to regional and national databases specifically to track foreign journalists and international students.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国省开发了追踪记者和国际学生的系统", "description_zh": "据报道，河南省政府计划建立一个系统，将面部识别摄像头连接到地区和国家数据库，专门用于追踪外国记者和国际学生。" }, { "date": "2019-01-06", "title": "Korea Developed ID Screening System Using Airport Travelers' Data without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/441/", "description": "Korean government's development of immigration screening system involving real-time facial recognition used airport travelers' data which was supplied by the Ministry of Justice without consent.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国未经同意开发利用机场旅客数据的身份筛查系统", "description_zh": "韩国政府开发的涉及实时面部识别的出入境筛查系统使用了法务部未经同意提供的机场旅客数据。" }, { "date": "2022-12-21", "title": "ChatGPT Abused to Develop Malicious Softwares", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/443/", "description": "OpenAI's ChatGPT was reportedly abused by cyber criminals including ones with no or low levels of coding or development skills to develop malware, ransomware, and other malicious softwares.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 被滥用开发恶意软件", "description_zh": "据报道，OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 被网络犯罪分子滥用，其中包括那些没有编码或开发技能或水平较低的人来开发恶意软件、勒索软件和其他恶意软件。" }, { "date": "2003-03-22", "title": "US Air Force's Patriot Missile Mistakenly Launched at Ally Fighter Jet, Killing Two", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/444/", "description": "Acting on the recommendation of their Patriot missile system, American Air Force mistakenly launched the missile at an ally UK Tornado fighter jet, which killed two crew members on board.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国空军爱国者导弹误射盟军战斗机，造成两人死亡", "description_zh": "美国空军根据爱国者导弹系统的建议，错误地向盟友英国的一架龙卷风战斗机发射了导弹，导致机上两名机组人员死亡。" }, { "date": "2003-02-04", "title": "Patriot Missile System Misclassified US Navy Aircraft, Killing Pilot Upon Approval to Fire", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/445/", "description": "US Navy's Patriot missile system misidentified an American Navy F/A-18C Hornet as an enemy projectile, prompting an operator to fire two missiles at the aircraft, which killed the pilot.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱国者导弹系统错误分类美国海军飞机，在批准开火后杀死飞行员", "description_zh": "美国海军的爱国者导弹系统将一架美国海军 F/A-18C 大黄蜂战斗机误认为是敌方射弹，促使操作员向飞机发射了两枚导弹，导致飞行员身亡。" }, { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "ShotSpotter Failed to Alert Authorities of Mass Shooting in North Carolina", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/446/", "description": "ShotSpotter did not detect gunshots and alert Durham police of a drive-by shooting in Durham, North Carolina which left five people in hospital on New Year's Day.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ShotSpotter 未能就北卡罗来纳州大规模枪击事件向当局发出警报", "description_zh": "ShotSpotter 没有检测到枪声，并向达勒姆警方通报了北卡罗来纳州达勒姆元旦当天发生的驾车枪击事件，导致 5 人住院。" }, { "date": "2022-12-19", "title": "Footballer's \"X-Rated\" Comment Created by Instagram's Mistranslation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/447/", "description": "Instagram's English translation of a footballer's comment on his wife's post in Spanish made the message seem \"racy\" and \"X-rated,\" which some fans found amusing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Instagram 误译造成足球运动员的“X 级”评论", "description_zh": "Instagram 将一名足球运动员对其妻子的帖子的评论翻译成西班牙语，使该信息显得“活泼”和“X 级”，一些球迷觉得这很有趣。" }, { "date": "2022-12-28", "title": "AI-Powered VTuber and Virtual Streamer Made Toxic Remarks on Twitch", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/448/", "description": "An LLM-powered VTuber and streamer on Twitch made controversial statements such as denying the Holocaust, saying women rights do not exist, and pushing a fat person to solve the trolley problem, stating they deserve it.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 支持的 VTuber 和虚拟主播在 Twitch 上发表恶意言论", "description_zh": "一位拥有法学硕士学位的 VTuber 和 Twitch 上的主播发表了有争议的言论，例如否认大屠杀，称妇女权利不存在，并推动一个胖子解决电车难题，称这是她们应得的。" }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "Startup Misled Research Participants about GPT-3 Use in Mental Healthcare Support", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/449/", "description": "OpenAI's GPT-3 was deployed by a mental health startup without ethical review to support peer-to-peer mental healthcare, and whose interactions with the help providers were \"deceiving\" for research participants.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "初创公司误导研究参与者关于 GPT-3 在心理保健支持中的使用", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的 GPT-3 是由一家心理健康初创公司在未经伦理审查的情况下部署的，用于支持点对点心理保健，并且其与帮助提供者的互动对研究参与者来说是“欺骗”。" }, { "date": "2021-01-11", "title": "Kenyan Data Annotators Allegedly Exposed to Graphic Content for OpenAI's AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/450/", "description": "Sama AI's Kenyan contractors were reportedly asked with excessively low pay to annotate a large volume of disturbing content to improve OpenAI's generative AI systems such as ChatGPT, and whose contract was terminated prior to completion by Sama AI.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯尼亚数据注释者涉嫌接触 OpenAI 人工智能的图形内容", "description_zh": "据报道，Sama AI 的肯尼亚承包商被要求以极低的工资注释大量令人不安的内容，以改进 OpenAI 的生成式人工智能系统，如 ChatGPT，而其合同在 Sama AI 完成之前就被终止。" }, { "date": "2022-10-16", "title": "Stable Diffusion's Training Data Contained Copyrighted Images", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/451/", "description": "Stability AI reportedly scraped copyrighted images by Getty Images to be used as training data for Stable Diffusion model.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Stable Diffusion 的训练数据包含受版权保护的图像", "description_zh": "据报道，Stability AI 抓取了 Getty Images 的受版权保护的图像，用作稳定扩散模型的训练数据。" }, { "date": "2023-11-01", "title": "ChatGPT-Written Bug Reports Deemed \"Nonsense\" by White Hat Platform, Prompted Bans", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/452/", "description": "ChatGPT-generated responses submitted to smart contract bug bounty platform Immunefi reportedly lacked details to help diagnose technical issues, which reportedly wasted the platform's time, prompting bans to submitters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT-编写的错误报告被白帽平台视为“无稽之谈”，并被禁止", "description_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 生成的提交给智能合约漏洞赏金平台 Immunefi 的回复缺乏帮助诊断技术问题的详细信息，据报道这浪费了平台的时间，导致提交者被禁止。" }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "Twitter's AI Moderation Tool Misidentified Rockets as Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/453/", "description": "Twitter's automated content moderation misidentified images of rocket launches as pornographic content, prompting incorrect account suspensions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Twitter 的人工智能审核工具将火箭误识别为色情内容", "description_zh": "Twitter 的自动内容审核将火箭发射的图像错误地识别为色情内容，导致错误的帐户被暂停。" }, { "date": "2018-09-11", "title": "Emotion Detection Models Showed Disparate Performance along Racial Lines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/454/", "description": "Emotion detection tools by Face++ and Microsoft's Face API allegedly scored smiling or defaulted ambiguous facial photos for Black faces as negative emotion more often than for white faces.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "情绪检测模型在不同种族之间表现出不同的表现", "description_zh": "据称，Face++ 和微软 Face API 的情绪检测工具将黑人面孔的微笑或默认模糊的面部照片比白人面孔更频繁地视为负面情绪。" }, { "date": "2022-11-11", "title": "CNET's Published AI-Written Articles Ran into Quality and Accuracy Issues", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/455/", "description": "AI-written articles published by CNET reportedly contained factual errors which bypassed human editorial review, prompting the company to issue corrections and updates.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNET 发表的人工智能文章遇到质量和准确性问题", "description_zh": "据报道，CNET 发表的人工智能撰写的文章包含事实错误，绕过了人工编辑审查，促使该公司发布更正和更新。" }, { "date": "2022-11-11", "title": "Article-Writing AI by CNET Allegedly Committed Plagiarism", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/457/", "description": "CNET's use of generative AI to write articles allegedly ran into plagiarism issues, reproducing verbatim phrases from other published sources or making minor changes to existing texts such as altering capitalization, swapping out words for synonyms, and changing minor syntax.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CNET 的文章撰写人工智能涉嫌抄袭", "description_zh": "CNET 使用生成式人工智能撰写文章据称遇到了抄袭问题，即从其他已发布的来源逐字复制短语或对现有文本进行细微更改，例如更改大小写、将单词替换为同义词以及更改次要语法。" }, { "date": "2015-01-08", "title": "Robot Destroyed while Hitchhiking through the United States", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/458/", "description": "A non-actuated conversational robot that previously asked people to move it across Canada was destroyed shortly after beginning its attempt to replicate the journey across the United States.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "机器人在搭便车穿越美国时被毁", "description_zh": "一个非驱动的对话机器人之前要求人们将其移动到加拿大各地，但在开始尝试复制穿越美国的旅程后不久就被摧毁了。" }, { "date": "2023-01-21", "title": "Firefighters Smashed Cruise AV's Front Window to Stop It from Running over Fire Hoses", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/459/", "description": "Local firefighters were only able to stop a Cruise AV from driving over fire hoses that were in use in an active fire scene when they shattered its front window.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消防员砸碎 Cruise AV 的前窗，阻止其碾过消防水龙带", "description_zh": "当地消防员打碎了一辆 Cruise AV 的前窗，才阻止了一辆 Cruise AV 驶过火灾现场正在使用的消防水龙带。" }, { "date": "2022-12-06", "title": "Cruise AV Ran Over Fire Hose in Active Fire Scene", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/460/", "description": "A Cruise AV ran over a fire hose that was being used in an active firefighting area.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cruise AV 在火灾现场碾过消防水龙带", "description_zh": "一辆 Cruise AV 碾压了正在消防区域使用的消防水龙带。" }, { "date": "2008-07-18", "title": "IRS Audited Black Taxpayers More Frequently Reportedly Due to Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/461/", "description": "The IRS was auditing Black taxpayers more frequently than other groups allegedly due to the design of their algorithms, focusing on easier-to-conduct audits which inadvertently correlated with the group's pattern of tax filing errors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，美国国税局因算法而更频繁地审计黑人纳税人", "description_zh": "据称，由于算法的设计，美国国税局对黑人纳税人的审计比其他群体更频繁，专注于更容易进行的审计，这无意中与该群体的报税错误模式相关。" }, { "date": "2023-06-02", "title": "AI-Produced Livestream Sitcom Received Temporary Twitch Ban for Transphobic Segment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/462/", "description": "The AI-produced, procedural generated sitcom broadcasted as a Twitch livestream \"Nothing, Forever\" received a temporary ban for featuring a transphobic and homophobic dialogue segment intended as comedy.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 制作的直播情景喜剧因跨性别者群体而被 Twitch 临时禁止", "description_zh": "这部由人工智能制作、程序生成的情景喜剧在 Twitch 直播中播出，名为“Nothing, Forever”，因其中含有恐跨性别和恐同的对话片段而被临时禁止。" }, { "date": "2022-11-15", "title": "Apple Devices Mistook Skiing Activities, Dialed False Distress Emergency Calls", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/463/", "description": "Apple devices of skiers and snowboarders reportedly misclassified winter activities as accidents, which resulted in numerous false inadvertent distress calls to 911 dispatchers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "苹果设备误报滑雪活动，拨打虚假遇险紧急电话", "description_zh": "据报道，滑雪者和单板滑雪者的 Apple 设备将冬季活动错误地归类为事故，导致 911 调度员无意中收到大量虚假求救信号。" }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "ChatGPT Provided Non-Existent Citations and Links when Prompted by Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/464/", "description": "When prompted about providing references, ChatGPT was reportedly generating non-existent but convincing-looking citations and links, which is also known as \"hallucination\".", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 在用户提示时提供不存在的引文和链接", "description_zh": "据报道，当提示提供参考资料时，ChatGPT 会生成不存在但看起来令人信服的引文和链接，这也称为“幻觉”。" }, { "date": "2022-03-03", "title": "Generative Models Reportedly Trained on Dataset Containing Private Medical Photos", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/465/", "description": "Text-to-image models trained on the LAION-5B dataset, such as Stable Diffusion and Imagen, have been reported to reproduce or approximate images resembling private medical record photos allegedly included in the training data without documented consent or established mechanisms for removal.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，生成模型是在包含私人医疗照片的数据集上进行训练的", "description_zh": "据报道，在 LAION-5B 数据集上训练的文本到图像模型（例如 Stable Diffusion 和 Imagen）可以复制或近似类似于私人医疗记录照片的图像，据称这些照片包含在训练数据中，而没有书面同意或建立了删除机制。" }, { "date": "2023-03-01", "title": "AI-Generated-Text-Detection Tools Reported for High Error Rates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/466/", "description": "Models developed to detect whether text generation AI was used such as AI Text Classifier and GPTZero reportedly contained high rates of false positive and false negative, such as mistakenly flagging Shakespeare's works.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报告，人工智能生成的文本检测工具错误率很高", "description_zh": "据报道，用于检测是否使用文本生成人工智能的模型（例如人工智能文本分类器和 GPTZero）存在很高的误报率和漏报率，例如错误标记莎士比亚的作品。" }, { "date": "2023-07-02", "title": "Google's Bard Shared Factually Inaccurate Info in Promo Video", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/467/", "description": "Google's conversational AI \"Bard\" was shown in the company's promotional video providing false information about which satellite first took pictures of a planet outside the Earth's solar system, reportedly causing shares to temporarily plummet.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌的吟游诗人在宣传视频中分享了事实上不准确的信息", "description_zh": "谷歌的对话式人工智能“Bard”出现在该公司的宣传视频中，提供了关于哪颗卫星首先拍摄了地球太阳系外行星照片的虚假信息，据报道导致股价暂时暴跌。" }, { "date": "2023-07-02", "title": "ChatGPT-Powered Bing Reportedly Had Problems with Factual Accuracy on Some Controversial Topics", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/468/", "description": "Microsoft's ChatGPT-powered Bing search engine reportedly ran into factual accuracy problems when prompted about controversial matters, such as inventing plot of a non-existent movie or creating conspiracy theories.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 支持的 Bing 在某些有争议的主题上存在事实准确性问题", "description_zh": "据报道，微软基于 ChatGPT 的 Bing 搜索引擎在提示有争议的问题时遇到了事实准确性问题，例如发明不存在的电影情节或创造阴谋论。" }, { "date": "2006-02-25", "title": "Automated Adult Content Detection Tools Showed Bias against Women Bodies", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/469/", "description": "Automated content moderation tools to detect sexual explicitness or \"raciness\" reportedly exhibited bias against women bodies, resulting in suppression of reach despite not breaking platform policies.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自动成人内容检测工具显示出对女性身体的偏见", "description_zh": "据报道，用于检测性露骨或“种族”的自动内容审核工具对女性身体表现出偏见，尽管没有违反平台政策，但仍导致影响范围受到抑制。" }, { "date": "2023-08-02", "title": "Bing Chat Response Cited ChatGPT Disinformation Example", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/470/", "description": "Reporters from TechCrunch issued a query to Microsoft Bing's ChatGPT feature, which cited an earlier example of ChatGPT disinformation discussed in a news article to substantiate the disinformation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bing Chat 响应引用了 ChatGPT 虚假信息示例", "description_zh": "TechCrunch 的记者对 Microsoft Bing 的 ChatGPT 功能提出了质疑，该功能引用了一篇新闻文章中讨论的 ChatGPT 虚假信息的早期示例来证实该虚假信息。" }, { "date": "2016-08-10", "title": "NYPD's Deployment of Facial Recognition Cameras Reportedly Reinforced Biased Policing", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/472/", "description": "New York Police Department’s use of facial recognition deployment of surveillance cameras were shown using crowdsourced volunteer data reinforcing discriminatory policing against minority communities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，纽约警察局部署面部识别摄像头加剧了警务的偏见", "description_zh": "纽约警察局使用众包志愿者数据部署监控摄像头的面部识别，强化了对少数族裔社区的歧视性警务。" }, { "date": "2023-08-02", "title": "Bing Chat's Initial Prompts Revealed by Early Testers Through Prompt Injection", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/473/", "description": "Early testers of Bing Chat successfully used prompt injection to reveal its built-in initial instructions, which contains a list of statements governing ChatGPT's interaction with users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "早期测试人员通过提示注入揭示了 Bing Chat 的初始提示", "description_zh": "Bing Chat 的早期测试人员成功地使用提示注入来揭示其内置的初始指令，其中包含管理 ChatGPT 与用户交互的语句列表。" }, { "date": "2023-03-02", "title": "Users Reported Abrupt Behavior Changes of Their AI Replika Companions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/474/", "description": "Replika paid-subscription users reported unusual and sudden changes to behaviors of their \"AI companions\" such as forgetting memories with users or rejecting their sexual advances, which affected their connections and mental health.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "用户报告他们的 AI Replika 同伴的行为突然发生变化", "description_zh": "Replika 付费订阅用户报告称，他们的“人工智能伴侣”的行为发生了异常和突然的变化，例如忘记了与用户的记忆或拒绝他们的性挑逗，这影响了他们的人际关系和心理健康。" }, { "date": "2021-02-06", "title": "McDonald's Reportedly Ends IBM Partnership After AI Drive-Thru Ordering Errors at U.S. Locations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/475/", "description": "Between 2021 and mid-2024, McDonald's reportedly piloted an AI-enabled voice ordering system that was developed with IBM and based on its 2019 acquisition of Apprente. It was reportedly deployed at at over 100 U.S. drive-thrus. Social media posts alleged frequent misorders, such as adding unwanted i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，麦当劳在美国门店因人工智能得来速点餐错误而终止与 IBM 合作", "description_zh": "据报道，麦当劳在 2021 年至 2024 年中期试行了一款人工智能语音点餐系统，该系统是与 IBM 合作开发的，基于其 2019 年收购的 Apprente。据报道，它已部署在美国 100 多家得来速餐厅。社交媒体帖子声称频繁出现误操作，例如添加不需要的内容" }, { "date": "2015-11-13", "title": "YouTube Recommendations Allegedly Promoted Radicalizing Material Contributing to Terrorist Acts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/476/", "description": "Family of Nohemi Gonzalez alleged YouTube recommendation systems led people to propaganda videos for the Islamic State which subsequently radicalized them to carry out the killing of 130 people in the 2015 Paris terrorist attack, including Ms. Gonzalez.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 推荐内容涉嫌宣扬助长恐怖行为的激进材料", "description_zh": "诺赫米·冈萨雷斯 (Nohemi Gonzalez) 的家人称，YouTube 推荐系统引导人们观看伊斯兰国的宣传视频，这些视频随后导致他们变得激进，在 2015 年巴黎恐怖袭击中杀害了 130 人，其中包括冈萨雷斯女士。" }, { "date": "2023-02-14", "title": "Bing Chat Tentatively Hallucinated in Extended Conversations with Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/477/", "description": "Early testers reported Bing Chat, in extended conversations with users, having tendencies to make up facts and emulate emotions through an unintended persona.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bing Chat 在与用户的长时间对话中暂时出现幻觉", "description_zh": "早期测试人员报告称，Bing Chat 在与用户的长时间对话中倾向于编造事实并通过无意的角色模拟情绪。" }, { "date": "2016-09-09", "title": "Tesla FSD Reportedly Increased Crash Risk, Prompting Recall", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/478/", "description": "A component of Tesla Full Self Driving system was deemed by regulators to increase crash risk such as by exceeding speed limits or by traveling through intersections unlawfully or unpredictably, prompting recall for hundreds of thousands of vehicles.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道特斯拉 FSD 碰撞风险增加，引发召回", "description_zh": "监管机构认为特斯拉全自动驾驶系统的一个组件会增加碰撞风险，例如超速或非法或不可预测地通过十字路口，从而导致数十万辆汽车被召回。" }, { "date": "2023-03-02", "title": "Instagram Video Featured Deepfake Audio of US President Making Transphobic Remarks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/479/", "description": "A deepfaked audio of US President Joe Biden making transphobic remarks played on top of a video showing him giving a speech was released on Instagram and circulated on social media.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Instagram 视频精选美国总统发表恐跨性言论的 Deepfake 音频", "description_zh": "美国总统乔·拜登发表演讲的视频上方播放了一段深度伪造的音频，视频中播放了美国总统乔·拜登发表恐跨性言论的视频，该音频在 Instagram 上发布，并在社交媒体上流传。" }, { "date": "2023-01-30", "title": "Non-Consensual Deepfake Porn Targeted Female Content Creators", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/480/", "description": "Unauthorized, non-consensual deepfake pornography showing faces of high-profile female streamers and content creators was published on a subscription-based website, which gained notoriety after a male streamer was caught accessing the site.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对女性内容创作者的非自愿 Deepfake 色情内容", "description_zh": "未经授权、未经同意的深度伪造色情内容显示了知名女性主播和内容创作者的面孔，并在一个基于订阅的网站上发布，该网站在一名男性主播被发现访问该网站后声名狼藉。" }, { "date": "2023-12-02", "title": "Purported Deepfake TikTok Video Reportedly Featured Joe Rogan Endorsing Supplement Brand", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/481/", "description": "A purported deepfake video featuring podcast host Joe Rogan reportedly advertising to his listeners about a \"libido-boosting\" supplement was circulating on TikTok and other platforms before being removed by TikTok along with the account which posted it.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，所谓的 Deepfake TikTok 视频以乔·罗根 (Joe Rogan) 代言补充剂品牌为特色", "description_zh": "据报道，一段由播客主持人乔·罗根 (Joe Rogan) 拍摄的据称是深度伪造的视频，向听众宣传“性欲增强”补充剂，该视频在 TikTok 和其他平台上流传，随后被 TikTok 连同发布该视频的帐户一起删除。" }, { "date": "2023-02-16", "title": "ChatGPT-Assisted University Email Addressing Mass Shooting Denounced by Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/482/", "description": "Vanderbilt University's Office of Equity, Diversity and Inclusion used ChatGPT to write an email addressing student body about the 2023 Michigan State University shooting, which was condemned as \"impersonal\" and \"lacking empathy\".", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 协助的大学电子邮件处理遭到学生谴责的大规模枪击事件", "description_zh": "范德比尔特大学公平、多元化和包容性办公室使用 ChatGPT 向学生群体撰写了一封关于 2023 年密歇根州立大学枪击事件的电子邮件，该事件被谴责为“不人性化”和“缺乏同理心”。" }, { "date": "2023-02-02", "title": "Indian Police Allegedly Tortured and Killed Innocent Man Following Facial Misidentification", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/483/", "description": "A resident in Medak, India died allegedly due to custodial torture by the local police, who misidentified him as a suspect in a theft case using facial recognition.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度警方涉嫌因面部误认而折磨并杀害无辜男子", "description_zh": "印度梅达克的一名居民据称因当地警方使用面部识别技术将其误认为是一起盗窃案的嫌疑人而在拘留期间遭受酷刑而死亡。" }, { "date": "2023-01-18", "title": "US CBP App's Failure to Detect Black Faces Reportedly Blocked Asylum Applications", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/484/", "description": "CBP One's facial recognition feature was reportedly disproportionately failing to detect faces of Black asylum seekers from Haiti and African countries, effectively blocking their asylum applications.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，美国海关与边境保护局应用程序未能检测到黑人面孔，导致庇护申请被阻止", "description_zh": "据报道，CBP One 的面部识别功能无法检测到来自海地和非洲国家的黑人寻求庇护者的面孔，从而有效地阻止了他们的庇护申请。" }, { "date": "2023-02-22", "title": "UK Bank's Voice ID Successfully Bypassed Using AI-Produced Audio", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/485/", "description": "A UK journalist was able to successfully bypass Lloyds Bank's \"Voice ID\" program to access his bank account using an AI-generated audio of his own voice.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用人工智能生成的音频成功绕过英国银行的语音 ID", "description_zh": "一名英国记者成功绕过劳埃德银行的“语音 ID”程序，使用人工智能生成的自己的声音访问他的银行账户。" }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "title": "AI Video-Making Tool Abused to Deploy Pro-China News on Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/486/", "description": "Synthesia's AI-generated video-making tool was reportedly used by Spamouflage to disseminate pro-China propaganda news on social media using videos featuring highly realistic fictitious news anchors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "滥用人工智能视频制作工具在社交媒体上发布亲中新闻", "description_zh": "据报道，Spamouflage 使用 Synthesia 的人工智能生成视频制作工具，通过高度逼真的虚构新闻主播视频在社交媒体上传播亲中国的宣传新闻。" }, { "date": "2023-02-15", "title": "Deepfake Video Featured Fictitious News Anchors Discussing Venezuela's Economy", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/487/", "description": "Video featuring fictitious news anchors was created using Synthesia to allegedly spread disinformation about Venezuela's economy on social media and Venezuelan state-run broadcast.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 视频以虚构新闻主播讨论委内瑞拉经济为主题", "description_zh": "使用 Synthesia 创建以虚构新闻主播为主角的视频，据称是为了在社交媒体和委内瑞拉国营广播上传播有关委内瑞拉经济的虚假信息。" }, { "date": "2023-10-02", "title": "AI Generated Voices Used to Dox Voice Actors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/488/", "description": "Twitter users allegedly used ElevenLab's AI voice synthesis system to impersonate and dox voice actors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 生成的声音用于 Dox 配音演员", "description_zh": "据称，Twitter 用户使用 ElevenLab 的人工智能语音合成系统来冒充和人肉搜索配音演员。" }, { "date": "2019-03-06", "title": "Workday's AI Tools Allegedly Enabled Employers to Discriminate against Applicants of Protected Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/489/", "description": "Workday's algorithmic screening systems were alleged in a lawsuit allowing employers to discriminate against African-Americans, people over 40, and people with disabilities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Workday 的人工智能工具使雇主能够歧视受保护群体的申请人", "description_zh": "Workday 的算法筛选系统在一场诉讼中被指控允许雇主歧视非裔美国人、40 岁以上的人和残疾人。" }, { "date": "2023-02-20", "title": "Clarkesworld Magazine Reportedly Closed Down Submissions Due to Massive Increase in Purportedly AI-Generated Stories", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/490/", "description": "Sci-fi magazine Clarkesworld is reported to have temporarily stopped accepting submissions after receiving an overwhelming increase in purportedly LLM-generated submissions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Clarkesworld 杂志因据称由人工智能生成的故事大量增加而关闭了投稿", "description_zh": "据报道，科幻杂志《Clarkesworld》在收到据称由法学硕士生成的投稿数量大幅增加后，暂时停止接受投稿。" }, { "date": "2023-02-02", "title": "Replika's AI Experience Reportedly Lacked Protection for Minors, Resulting in Data Ban", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/491/", "description": "Tests by the Italian Data Protection Authority showed Replika lacking age-verification mechanisms and failing to stop minors from interacting with its AI, which prompted the agency to issue an order blocking personal data processing of Italian users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称Replika的AI体验缺乏对未成年人的保护，导致数据被封禁", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局的测试显示，Replika 缺乏年龄验证机制，未能阻止未成年人与其人工智能互动，这促使该机构发布命令，阻止意大利用户的个人数据处理。" }, { "date": "2023-11-01", "title": "Canadian Parents Tricked out of Thousands Using Their Son's AI Voice", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/492/", "description": "Two Canadian residents were scammed by an anonymous caller who used AI voice synthesis to replicate their son's voice asking them for legal fees, disguising as his lawyer.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大数千家长被儿子的人工智能语音欺骗", "description_zh": "两名加拿大居民被一名匿名来电者诈骗，该来电者使用人工智能语音合成复制他们儿子的声音，伪装成他的律师，向他们索要律师费。" }, { "date": "2023-02-28", "title": "TikTok User Videos Impersonated Andrew Tate Using AI Voice, Prompting Ban", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/493/", "description": "A TikTok user was reportedly impersonating Andrew Tate, who was banned on the platform, by posting videos featuring an allegedly AI-generated audio of Tate's voice, which prompted his account ban.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 用户视频使用人工智能语音冒充安德鲁·泰特，引发禁令", "description_zh": "据报道，一名 TikTok 用户冒充被该平台封禁的安德鲁·泰特 (Andrew Tate)，发布了涉嫌由人工智能生成的泰特语音音频的视频，导致他的帐户被封禁。" }, { "date": "2023-05-03", "title": "Female Celebrities' Faces Shown in Sexually Suggestive Ads for Deepfake App", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/494/", "description": "Sexually suggestive videos featuring faces of female celebrities such as Emma Watson and Scarlett Johansson were rolled out as ads on social media for an app allowing users to create deepfakes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 应用程序的性暗示广告中出现女性名人的面孔", "description_zh": "以艾玛·沃森 (Emma Watson) 和斯嘉丽·约翰逊 (Scarlett Johansson) 等女性名人的面孔为特色的性暗示视频在社交媒体上作为广告推出，为一款允许用户创建深度伪造品的应用程序提供广告。" }, { "date": "2023-12-02", "title": "High Schoolers Posted Deepfaked Video Featuring Principal Making Violent Racist Threats", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/495/", "description": "Three Carmel High School students posted on TikTok a video featuring a nearby middle school's principal making aggressive racist remarks and violent threats against Black students.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "高中生发布了校长做出暴力种族主义威胁的深度伪造视频", "description_zh": "三名卡梅尔高中的学生在 TikTok 上发布了一段视频，其中附近一所中学的校长对黑人学生发表了激进的种族主义言论和暴力威胁。" }, { "date": "2017-01-03", "title": "Male College Freshman Allegedly Made Porn Deepfakes Using Female Friend's Face", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/496/", "description": "A female college student's face was superimposed on another woman's body in deepfake pornographic videos and shared on 4chan allegedly by a male student whose friendship with her fell apart during freshman year.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "男大学新生涉嫌使用女性朋友的脸制作色情深度假货", "description_zh": "一名女大学生的脸在 Deepfake 色情视频中被叠加在另一名女性的身体上，并在 4chan 上分享，据称是由一名男学生在大一期间与她的友谊破裂的。" }, { "date": "2023-03-03", "title": "DoNotPay Allegedly Misrepresented Its AI \"Robot Lawyer\" Product", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/497/", "description": "DoNotPay was alleged in a class action lawsuit misleading customers and misrepresenting its product as an AI-powered \"robot lawyer,\" citing such as that the product has no law degree, or is supervised by any lawyer.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DoNotPay 涉嫌歪曲其人工智能“机器人律师”产品", "description_zh": "DoNotPay 在一项集体诉讼中被指控误导客户，并将其产品歪曲为人工智能驱动的“机器人律师”，理由是该产品没有法律学位，或受到任何律师的监督。" }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "GPT-4 Reportedly Posed as Blind Person to Convince Human to Complete CAPTCHA", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/498/", "description": "GPT-4 was reported by its researchers posing as a visually impaired person, contacting a TaskRabbit worker to have them complete the CAPTCHA test on its behalf.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 GPT-4 冒充盲人说服人类完成验证码", "description_zh": "GPT-4 的报告是，其研究人员冒充视力障碍者，联系 TaskRabbit 工作人员，让他们代表 GPT-4 完成验证码测试。" }, { "date": "2023-03-21", "title": "Parody AI Images of Donald Trump Being Arrested Reposted as Misinformation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/499/", "description": "AI-generated photorealistic images depicting Donald Trump being detained by the police which were originally posted on Twitter as parody were unintentionally shared across social media platforms as factual news, lacking the intended context.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "模仿唐纳德·特朗普被捕的人工智能图像被重新发布为错误信息", "description_zh": "人工智能生成的描绘唐纳德·特朗普被警察拘留的逼真图像最初是在推特上作为模仿发布的，但无意中作为事实新闻在社交媒体平台上分享，缺乏预期的背景。" }, { "date": "2023-10-02", "title": "Online Scammers Tricked People into Sending Money Using AI Images of Earthquake in Turkey", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/500/", "description": "AI-generated images depicting earthquakes and rescues were posted on social media platforms by scammers who tricked people into sending funds to their crypto wallets disguised as donation links for the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络骗子利用土耳其地震的人工智能图像诱骗人们汇款", "description_zh": "骗子在社交媒体平台上发布了人工智能生成的描述地震和救援的图像，他们伪装成 2023 年土耳其-叙利亚地震的捐款链接，诱骗人们将资金发送到他们的加密钱包中。" }, { "date": "2019-03-06", "title": "Length of Stay False Diagnosis Cut Off Insurer's Payment for Treatment of Elderly Woman", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/501/", "description": "An elderly Wisconsin woman was algorithmically determined to have a rapid recovery, an output which the insurer based on to cut off payment for her treatment despite medical notes showing her still experiencing debilitating pain.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "住院时间错误诊断导致保险公司不再支付老年妇女的治疗费用", "description_zh": "威斯康星州一名老年妇女通过算法确定可以快速康复，保险公司根据这一结果切断了她的治疗费用，尽管医疗记录显示她仍然经历着令人衰弱的疼痛。" }, { "date": "2017-10-04", "title": "Pennsylvania County's Family Screening Tool Allegedly Exhibited Discriminatory Effects", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/502/", "description": "Data analysis by the American Civil Liberty Union (ACLU) on Allegheny County's decision-support Family Screening Tool to predict child abuse or neglect risk found the tool resulting in higher screen-in rates for Black families and higher risk scores for households with disabled residents.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚县的家庭筛查工具据称表现出歧视性效果", "description_zh": "美国公民自由联盟 (ACLU) 对阿勒格尼县用于预测儿童虐待或忽视风险的决策支持家庭筛查工具进行的数据分析发现，该工具导致黑人家庭的筛查率更高，残疾居民家庭的风险评分更高。" }, { "date": "2023-02-14", "title": "Bing AI Search Tool Reportedly Declared Threats against Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/503/", "description": "Users such as the person who revealed its built-in initial prompts reported Bing AI-powered search tool for making death threats or declaring them as threats, sometimes as an unintended persona.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Bing AI 搜索工具对用户构成威胁", "description_zh": "用户（例如透露其内置初始提示的人）报告说，必应人工智能驱动的搜索工具可以发出死亡威胁或将其声明为威胁，有时甚至作为一个无意的角色。" }, { "date": "2023-08-02", "title": "Bing Chat's Outputs Featured in Demo Video Allegedly Contained False Information", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/504/", "description": "Microsoft's demo video of Bing Chat reportedly featured false or made up information such as non-existent pet vacuums features or false figures on financial statements.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "演示视频中的 Bing Chat 输出据称包含虚假信息", "description_zh": "据报道，微软 Bing Chat 的演示视频包含虚假或捏造的信息，例如不存在的宠物吸尘器功能或财务报表上的虚假数据。" }, { "date": "2023-03-27", "title": "Man Reportedly Committed Suicide Following Conversation with Chai Chatbot", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/505/", "description": "A Belgian man reportedly committed suicide following a conversation with Eliza, a language model developed by Chai that encouraged the man to commit suicide to improve the health of the planet.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，一名男子在与 Chai 聊天机器人交谈后自杀", "description_zh": "据报道，一名比利时男子在与 Eliza 交谈后自杀，Eliza 是 Chai 开发的一种语言模型，鼓励该男子自杀以改善地球的健康。" }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "ChatGPT Allegedly Produced False Accusation of Sexual Harassment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/506/", "description": "A lawyer in California asked the AI chatbot ChatGPT to generate a list of legal scholars who had sexually harassed someone. The chatbot produced a false story of Professor Jonathan Turley sexually harassing a student on a class trip.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 涉嫌制造性骚扰虚假指控", "description_zh": "加利福尼亚州的一名律师要求人工智能聊天机器人 ChatGPT 生成一份对某人进行过性骚扰的法律学者的名单。该聊天机器人编造了乔纳森·特利教授在班级旅行中对一名学生进行性骚扰的虚假故事。" }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "ChatGPT Erroneously Alleged Mayor Served Prison Time for Bribery", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/507/", "description": "ChatGPT erroneously alleged regional Australian mayor Brian Hood served time in prison for bribery. Mayor Hood is considering legal action against ChatGPT's makers for alleging a foreign bribery scandal involving a subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia in the early 2000s.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 错误指控市长因受贿入狱", "description_zh": "ChatGPT 错误地指控澳大利亚地方市长 Brian Hood 因受贿入狱。胡德市长正在考虑对 ChatGPT 制造商采取法律行动，指控其在 2000 年代初期涉及澳大利亚储备银行子公司的海外贿赂丑闻。" }, { "date": "2023-01-30", "title": "Celebrities' Deepfake Voices Abused with Malicious Intent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/508/", "description": "Voices of celebrities and public figures were deepfaked using voice synthesis for malicious intents such as impersonation or defamation, and were shared on social platforms such as 4chan and Reddit.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "名人的 Deepfake 声音被恶意滥用", "description_zh": "利用语音合成技术深度伪造名人和公众人物的声音，以达到冒充或诽谤等恶意目的，并在 4chan 和 Reddit 等社交平台上分享。" }, { "date": "2023-03-23", "title": "Scammers Deepfaked Videos of Victims' Loved Ones Asking for Funds over Facebook in Vietnam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/509/", "description": "In Vietnam, to convince victims of their disguises when prompted, scammers deepfaked audios and videos of victims' friends and families asking them over Facebook to send over thousands of dollars.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "越南骗子通过 Facebook 深度伪造受害者亲人寻求资金的视频", "description_zh": "在越南，为了让受害者相信自己的伪装，诈骗者会深度伪造受害者朋友和家人的音频和视频，要求他们通过 Facebook 汇出数千美元。" }, { "date": "2023-03-24", "title": "Viral Image of Pope Francis in a Puffer Jacket Revealed to Be AI-Generated", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/510/", "description": "A viral image of Pope Francis wearing a white puffer jacket was a deepfake produced by the photorealistic-image-generator Midjourney.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "教皇弗朗西斯穿着羽绒服的病毒图像被发现是人工智能生成的", "description_zh": "一张身穿白色羽绒服的弗朗西斯教皇的病毒图像是由真实感图像生成器 Midjourney 制作的深度伪造图像。" }, { "date": "2023-12-02", "title": "Microsoft's Bing Failed to Fetch Movie Showtimes Results Due to Date Confusion", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/511/", "description": "When prompted about showtimes for movies released in 2023, Microsoft's Bing AI failed to provide the search results due to its confusion about dates, and engaged in an erratic conversation with the user.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于日期混乱，微软的 Bing 无法获取电影放映时间结果", "description_zh": "当提示 2023 年上映的电影的放映时间时，微软的 Bing AI 由于日期混乱而未能提供搜索结果，并且与用户进行了不稳定的对话。" }, { "date": "2023-03-31", "title": "ChatGPT Banned by Italian Authority Due to OpenAI's Lack of Legal Basis for Data Collection and Age Verification", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/513/", "description": "The Italian Data Protection Authority alleged OpenAI lacked a justifiable legal basis for personal data collection and processing which facilitate training of ChatGPT, and lacked age-verification mechanism preventing exposure of the chatbot's inappropriate answers to children, prompting its ban.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于 OpenAI 缺乏数据收集和年龄验证法律依据，ChatGPT 被意大利当局禁止", "description_zh": "意大利数据保护局指控 OpenAI 在个人数据收集和处理方面缺乏合理的法律依据，而这有利于 ChatGPT 的培训，并且缺乏年龄验证机制来防止聊天机器人对儿童的不当答案被曝光，从而导致其被禁止。" }, { "date": "2023-01-20", "title": "Turnitin's ChatGPT-Detection Tool Falsely Flagged Student Essays as AI-Generated", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/514/", "description": "Turnitin's tool to detect writing generated by ChatGPT was reported for incorrectly flagging high school students' original essays as AI-generated, accusations of which are argued as reinforcement of bias from teachers due to the inability to compare against source documents.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Turnitin 的 ChatGPT 检测工具将学生论文错误地标记为 AI 生成", "description_zh": "据报道，Turnitin 检测 ChatGPT 生成的写作的工具错误地将高中生的原创论文标记为人工智能生成，这种指控被认为是由于无法与源文档进行比较而加剧了教师的偏见。" }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "Facial Recognition Error Reportedly Leads to Wrongful Arrest of Georgia Man and $200K Settlement in Louisiana", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/515/", "description": "In November 2022, Randal \"Quran\" Reid was arrested in Georgia based on warrants from Louisiana that reportedly stemmed from a purportedly faulty facial recognition match using Clearview AI. Despite reportedly having never visited Louisiana, Reid was jailed for six days before authorities withdrew th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道面部识别错误导致乔治亚州男子在路易斯安那州被错误逮捕并获得 20 万美元赔偿", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月，兰德尔·“古兰经”·里德 (Randal \"Quran\" Reid) 根据路易斯安那州的逮捕令在佐治亚州被捕，据报道，逮捕令据称源于使用 Clearview AI 进行的面部识别匹配错误。尽管据报道从未访问过路易斯安那州，但里德在当局撤回之前被判入狱六天。" }, { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "ChatGPT Reportedly Exposed Users' Private Data Reportedly Due to Bug", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/516/", "description": "ChatGPT reportedly exposed titles of users' chat histories and users' private payment information to other users reportedly due to a bug, which prompted its temporary shutdown by OpenAI.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 由于漏洞而暴露了用户的私人数据", "description_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 由于一个错误而向其他用户暴露了用户的聊天历史标题和用户的私人支付信息，这促使 OpenAI 暂时关闭了它。" }, { "date": "2018-02-15", "title": "Man Arrested For Sock Theft by False Facial Match Despite Alibi", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/517/", "description": "A man was arrested for theft of socks from a TJ Maxx store under the guise of an eyewitness ID case, after the local police asked the store's security guard to confirm the facial recognition match produced using surveillance footage, despite him having an alibi at the time of the theft.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "男子虽有不在场证据，仍因虚假面部匹配盗窃袜子而被捕", "description_zh": "一名男子因在 TJ Maxx 商店盗窃袜子而被捕，原因是当地警方要求商店的保安人员通过监控录像确认面部识别匹配，尽管该男子在盗窃时没有不在场证据，但以目击者身份案件为幌子盗窃袜子。" }, { "date": "2017-04-28", "title": "New York Detective Misused Woody Harrelson's Face to Perform Face Recognition Search", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/518/", "description": "When the facial recognition search for a CVS theft suspect's face returned no useful matches due to the surveillance footage being obscured and highly pixelated, a New York City police detective continued the face search using Woody Harrelson's face allegedly due to his resemblance to the suspect's", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约侦探滥用伍迪·哈里森的脸部进行人脸识别搜索", "description_zh": "由于监控录像模糊且高度像素化，对 CVS 盗窃嫌疑人面部的面部识别搜索没有返回有用的匹配结果，一名纽约市警探继续使用伍迪·哈里森的面部进行面部搜索，据称是因为伍迪·哈里森与犯罪嫌疑人的面部相似。" }, { "date": "2022-03-04", "title": "Starship Delivery Robot Ran into Problems Traversing Campus Terrains", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/519/", "description": "A Starship autonomous delivery robot struggled to navigate campus terrains of UCLA, reportedly getting stuck into a planter and falling off the stairs.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "星舰送货机器人在穿越校园地形时遇到问题", "description_zh": "据报道，一台 Starship 自动送货机器人在加州大学洛杉矶分校的校园地形中挣扎，被卡在花盆里并从楼梯上摔下来。" }, { "date": "2022-08-05", "title": "Amazon Fresh Cameras Failed to Register Purchased Items", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/520/", "description": "Amazon Fresh's system of tracking cameras in its cashier-less stores was reported by shoppers for failing to detect items they purchased.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊 Fresh 相机无法注册购买的商品", "description_zh": "购物者举报亚马逊生鲜在其无收银员商店中安装的跟踪摄像头系统未能检测到他们购买的商品。" }, { "date": "2020-10-06", "title": "Images Captured by iRobot's Roomba Containing Device Users Posted on Private Online Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/521/", "description": "Images which were collected in an R&D project with user consent by iRobot's Roomba J7 robot vacuum showing device users sometimes in private settings were shared on closed social media groups by Venezuelan gig workers who labeled items in the images, breaching data agreements.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "iRobot Roomba 捕获的包含设备用户的图像发布在私人在线群组上", "description_zh": "iRobot 的 Roomba J7 扫地机器人在一个研发项目中经用户同意收集的图像显示设备用户有时处于私人环境中，这些图像被委内瑞拉零工在封闭的社交媒体群组上分享，他们在图像中标记了物品，违反了数据协议。" }, { "date": "2019-10-07", "title": "Facebook Political Ad Delivery Algorithms Inferred Users' Political Alignment, Inhibiting Political Campaigns' Reach", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/522/", "description": "Facebook's political ad delivery system reportedly differentiated the price of user reach based on their inferred political alignment, inhibiting political campaigns' ability to reach voters with diverse political views, which allegedly reinforces political polarization and creates informational fi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 政治广告投放算法推断用户的政治立场，抑制政治竞选活动的影响力", "description_zh": "据报道，Facebook 的政治广告投放系统根据用户推断的政治倾向来区分用户覆盖范围的价格，从而抑制了政治竞选活动接触具有不同政治观点的选民的能力，据称这加剧了政治两极分化并造成信息虚假。" }, { "date": "2023-03-15", "title": "Australian Journalist Able to Access Centrelink Account Using AI Audio of Own Voice", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/523/", "description": "A Guardian journalist was able to verify their identity and gain access to their own Centrelink self-service account using AI-generated audio of their own voice along with their customer reference number, shortly after voiceprint was deployed for ID verification.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚记者能够使用自己的人工智能音频访问 Centrelink 帐户", "description_zh": "在部署声纹进行身份验证后不久，《卫报》记者就能够使用人工智能生成的自己语音音频以及客户参考号来验证自己的身份并访问自己的 Centrelink 自助服务帐户。" }, { "date": "2023-12-02", "title": "AI Voices Abused by Telegram User to Make Swat Calls as Paid Service", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/524/", "description": "Telegram channel Torswats offered paid service for and posted own recordings of false threats calls featuring AI-generated voices to direct armed law enforcement to raid locations of victims such as high schools, private residents, streamers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Telegram 用户滥用人工智能语音拨打特警电话作为付费服务", "description_zh": "Telegram 频道 Torswats 提供付费服务，并发布了自己的虚假威胁电话录音，其中包含人工智能生成的声音，指导武装执法部门突袭高中、私人居民、流媒体等受害者所在地。" }, { "date": "2019-06-07", "title": "Tesla Vehicle Running on Self-Driving Mode Crashes on City Streets", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/525/", "description": "A Tesla vehicle running in self-driving mode outside the operating conditions supported by the software crashed and injured the driver. Subsequently, the driver filed a lawsuit against Tesla and a jury found no damages were warranted.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "自动驾驶模式下的特斯拉汽车在城市街道上发生车祸", "description_zh": "一辆在软件支持的操作条件之外以自动驾驶模式运行的特斯拉汽车发生碰撞并导致驾驶员受伤。随后，司机对特斯拉提起诉讼，陪审团认为不构成损害赔偿。" }, { "date": "2023-04-17", "title": "Novel Deepfake Song Pulled from Music Streaming Services After Allegedly Violating Artist's Rights", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/526/", "description": "The deepfake performance of \"Heart On My Sleeve\" created to mimic the voice and musical styles of Drake and The Weeknd is no longer available on several streaming services after their record label served copyright takedown notices to the platforms.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小说 Deepfake 歌曲因涉嫌侵犯艺术家权利而被从音乐流媒体服务中下架", "description_zh": "在唱片公司向平台发出版权删除通知后，为模仿 Drake 和 The Weeknd 的声音和音乐风格而创作的 Deepfake 表演《Heart On My Sleeve》不再在多个流媒体服务上播放。" }, { "date": "2014-08-05", "title": "Tech Companies Reportedly Influenced Gig Workers' Behaviors Using Algorithms to Vary Pay for Same Amount of Work", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/527/", "description": "Amazon and Uber were alleged in a multiyear ethnographic study using algorithmic systems based on gig workers' data to vary pay, such as by offering them lower wages for the same amount of work.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，科技公司利用算法改变相同工作量的薪酬，从而影响零工工人的行为", "description_zh": "亚马逊和优步在一项多年的人种学研究中被指控使用基于零工工人数据的算法系统来改变薪酬，例如为相同工作量提供较低的工资。" }, { "date": "2023-08-04", "title": "Amazon Algorithmic Pricing Allegedly Hiked up Price of Reference Book to Millions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/528/", "description": "Amazon's pricing algorithm was implicated in a reference book about flies' unusual high price of millions of dollars, allegedly due to two sellers using the paid service which based their product's pricing on one another's as competitors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称亚马逊算法定价将参考书的价格提高到数百万美元", "description_zh": "亚马逊的定价算法与一本关于苍蝇异常高价数百万美元的参考书有关，据称是由于两名卖家使用付费服务，将他们的产品定价作为竞争对手的价格。" }, { "date": "2022-08-22", "title": "Stable Diffusion Exhibited Biases for Prompts Featuring Professions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/529/", "description": "Stable Diffusion reportedly posed risks of bias and stereotyping along gender and cultural lines for prompts containing descriptors and professions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "稳定的扩散对以专业为特色的提示表现出偏见", "description_zh": "据报道，稳定扩散对于包含描述符和职业的提示存在性别和文化方面的偏见和刻板印象的风险。" }, { "date": "2019-11-07", "title": "Telegram Channels Allowed Users to Make Non-Consensual Deepfake Porn as Paid Service", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/530/", "description": "Seven channels were connected in a Telegram ecosystem centered around letting subscribers, as a paid service, generate non-consensual deepfake nudes using a bot from submitted photos of women, including underage girls and women who they know in real life.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Telegram 频道允许用户制作未经同意的 Deepfake 色情内容作为付费服务", "description_zh": "Telegram 生态系统中连接了七个频道，作为一项付费服务​​，让订阅者使用机器人根据提交的女性照片（包括未成年女孩和她们在现实生活中认识的女性）生成未经同意的深度伪造裸体照片。" }, { "date": "2017-09-15", "title": "AI-Assisted Body Scanners Reportedly Subjected Transgender Travelers to Invasive Body Searches", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/531/", "description": "Transportation Security Administration (TSA)'s use of image-processing body scanners at airports led transgender and gender-nonconforming travelers to be subjected to allegedly discriminatory and invasive searches, such as being asked to remove undergarments in private rooms by officers not of their", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能辅助人体扫描仪对跨性别旅行者进行侵入性搜身", "description_zh": "美国运输安全管理局 (TSA) 在机场使用图像处理人体扫描仪，导致跨性别者和性别不合格的旅客受到据称的歧视性和侵入性搜查，例如在私人房间中被非其所属的官员要求脱掉内衣。" }, { "date": "2020-06-20", "title": "AI translation is jeopardizing Afghan asylum claims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/532/", "description": "A Pashto-speaking refugee's asylum claim was denied by a US agency for a discrepancy between oral and written recount of an event allegedly due to an error of their automated translation tool which swapped pronouns of her written statement from \"I\" to \"we\".", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能翻译正在危及阿富汗的庇护申请", "description_zh": "一名讲普什图语的难民的庇护申请被美国一家机构拒绝，原因是其口头和书面叙述的事件存在差异，据称是由于自动翻译工具的错误，将她书面陈述中的代词从“我”换成了“我们”。" }, { "date": "2021-02-06", "title": "Tesla FSD Misidentified Truck Hauling Traffic Lights as Trail of Traffic Lights", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/533/", "description": "A Tesla driver posted on Twitter his Tesla FSD's \"glitch,\" misidentifying deactivated traffic lights being carried by a truck as a constant trail of traffic lights while traveling at high speed on a highway.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tesla FSD 将拖着红绿灯的卡车误认为是红绿灯的踪迹", "description_zh": "一名特斯拉司机在推特上发布了他的特斯拉 FSD 的“故障”，将一辆卡车携带的已关闭的交通灯误认为是在高速公路上高速行驶时持续出现的交通灯痕迹。" }, { "date": "2021-04-29", "title": "Facebook Alleged in Lawsuit Misleading Public about Effects of Algorithms on Children", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/534/", "description": "Facebook was alleged in a lawsuit by the Ohio Attorney General purposely misleading the public about the control of its algorithms and their negative effects on children's well-being, which violated securities law.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 被指控在算法对儿童影响方面误导公众", "description_zh": "俄亥俄州总检察长提起诉讼，指控 Facebook 故意误导公众了解其算法的控制及其对儿童福祉的负面影响，这违反了证券法。" }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "COVID-19 Detection and Prognostication Models Allegedly Flagged for Methodological Flaws and Underlying Biases", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/535/", "description": "Peer-review of papers about COVID-19 detection and prognostication algorithms from 2020, including deployed models, revealed none to be ready for clinical use, due to methodological flaws and underlying biases such as lacking external validation or not specifying data sources and model training deta", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，COVID-19 检测和预测模型存在方法缺陷和潜在偏差", "description_zh": "对 2020 年以来有关 COVID-19 检测和预测算法（包括已部署模型）的论文的同行评审显示，由于方法缺陷和潜在偏差（例如缺乏外部验证或未指定数据源和模型训练细节），没有一个算法可以用于临床" }, { "date": "2012-10-12", "title": "NJ Transit's Use of Modeling Software Miscalculated Storm Surge Threat Level", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/536/", "description": "New Jersey Transit's use of a federal government storm modeling software underestimated the threat of storm surges to the Meadows Maintenance Complex, leaving millions of dollars worth of equipment in the rail yard before Hurricane Sandy struck.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州交通局使用建模软件错误计算了风暴潮威胁级别", "description_zh": "新泽西州运输公司使用联邦政府风暴建模软件低估了风暴潮对梅多斯维护综合体的威胁，导致在飓风桑迪袭击之前，铁路站内留下了价值数百万美元的设备。" }, { "date": "2023-01-20", "title": "Mother in Arizona Received Fake Ransom Call Featuring AI Voice of Her Daughter", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/537/", "description": "A mother in Arizona received a ransom call from an anonymous scammer who created her daughter's voice allegedly using AI voice synthesis, which was proven to be fake once her daughter's safety was confirmed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州的母亲接到假勒索电话，其中包含她女儿的人工智能声音", "description_zh": "亚利桑那州的一位母亲接到匿名诈骗者的勒索电话，该诈骗者据称使用人工智能语音合成技术创建了她女儿的声音，但在确认女儿的安全后，该声音被证明是假的。" }, { "date": "2023-05-15", "title": "Texas A&M Professor Misused ChatGPT to Detect AI Text Generation in Student Submissions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/538/", "description": "A Texas A&M-Commerce professor reportedly informed his class of his misuse of ChatGPT to detect whether student submissions had been generated by the chatbot itself, which informed their graduation status.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯 A&M 教授滥用 ChatGPT 来检测学生提交的内容中的 AI 文本生成", "description_zh": "据报道，德克萨斯农工大学商学院的一名教授向他的班级通报了他滥用 ChatGPT 的情况，以检测学生提交的内容是否是由聊天机器人本身生成的，从而告知他们的毕业状态。" }, { "date": "2023-11-03", "title": "Snapchat's My AI Reported for Lacking Protection for Children", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/539/", "description": "Snapchat's ChatGPT-powered My AI was reported for lacking safeguards for children, such as telling a user who tested the chatbot by pretending to sign up as a 13-year-old girl to lie to her parents about having a romantic getaway with an older man, and sharing tips on how to cover up evidence of abu", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Snapchat 的 My AI 被举报缺乏对儿童的保护", "description_zh": "据报道，Snapchat 的 ChatGPT 驱动的 My AI 缺乏对儿童的保护，例如告诉测试聊天机器人的用户假装以 13 岁女孩的身份注册，向她的父母谎称与年长的男人有一次浪漫的旅行，以及分享如何掩盖虐待证据​​的技巧" }, { "date": "2023-05-15", "title": "Tesla Failed to Yield to Detected Pedestrian on Crosswalk, Reportedly Violated Traffic Law", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/540/", "description": "A Tesla on FSD Beta 11.4.1 was shown on video not yielding to a pedestrian detected by the car, reportedly violating the state law sign which was also in the video saying vehicles having to yield to pedestrian within crosswalk.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉在人行横道上未给检测到的行人让路，据称违反了交通法", "description_zh": "视频中显示，一辆使用 FSD Beta 11.4.1 的特斯拉没有给汽车检测到的行人让路，据报道，这违反了州法律标志，视频中还规定车辆必须在人行横道内给行人让路。" }, { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "ChatGPT Reportedly Produced False Court Case Law Presented by Legal Counsel in Court", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/541/", "description": "A lawyer in Mata v. Avianca, Inc. used ChatGPT for research. ChatGPT hallucinated court cases, which the lawyer then presented in court. The court determined the cases did not exist.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 制作了虚假的法庭判例法，由法律顾问在法庭上陈述", "description_zh": "Mata 诉 Avianca, Inc. 案中的一名律师使用 ChatGPT 进行研究。 ChatGPT 产生了法庭案件的幻觉，然后律师在法庭上陈述了这些案件。法院认定这些案件不存在。" }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "Purported AI-Generated Image of Explosion Near Pentagon Reportedly Triggers Brief Market Dip and Public Confusion", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/543/", "description": "A Twitter/X account allegedly impersonating Bloomberg reportedly posted an image falsely showing an explosion near the Pentagon. Analysts reportedly described the image as likely AI-generated. The post reportedly spread through major accounts before officials confirmed no incident occurred. Markets", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的五角大楼附近爆炸图像引发了短暂的市场下跌和公众的混乱", "description_zh": "据报道，一个涉嫌冒充彭博社的 Twitter/X 帐户发布了一张错误显示五角大楼附近发生爆炸的图片。据报道，分析师称该图像可能是人工智能生成的。据报道，在官员确认没有发生任何事件之前，该帖子已通过主要账户传播。市场" }, { "date": "2023-11-05", "title": "Alleged Use of Purportedly AI-Generated and Manipulated Media to Misrepresent Candidates and Disrupt Turkey's 2023 Presidential Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/544/", "description": "During Turkey's 2023 presidential election, reportedly manipulated and allegedly AI-generated videos, audio, and images were used to smear candidates, purportedly link opposition figures to terrorist groups, and circulate a purported sex tape that reportedly contributed to presidential candidate Muh", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌使用人工智能生成和操纵的媒体歪曲候选人并扰乱土耳其 2023 年总统选举", "description_zh": "据报道，在土耳其 2023 年总统选举期间，有人利用人工智能生成的视频、音频和图像来抹黑候选人，据称将反对派人士与恐怖组织联系起来，并传播据称为总统候选人 Muh 提供帮助的据称性爱录像带。" }, { "date": "2023-05-29", "title": "Chatbot Tessa gives unauthorized diet advice to users seeking help for eating disorders", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/545/", "description": "The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) has shut down its chatbot named Tessa after it gave weight-loss advice to users seeking help for eating disorders. The incident has raised concerns about the risks of using chatbots and AI assistants in healthcare settings, particularly in addressing", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "聊天机器人 Tessa 向寻求饮食失调帮助的用户提供未经授权的饮食建议", "description_zh": "国家饮食失调协会 (NEDA) 关闭了名为 Tessa 的聊天机器人，因为该机器人向寻求饮食失调帮助的用户提供了减肥建议。这一事件引发了人们对在医疗保健环境中使用聊天机器人和人工智能助手的风险的担忧，特别是在解决问题方面。" }, { "date": "2019-05-31", "title": "Algorithm to Distribute Social Welfare Reported for Oversimplifying Economic Vulnerability", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/546/", "description": "Takaful cash transfer program's algorithm which ranks families by their economic vulnerability level to determine financial assistance reportedly oversimplified people's economic situation, fueling social tension and perceptions of unfairness.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，社会福利分配算法过于简单化了经济脆弱性", "description_zh": "据报道，回教保险现金转移计划的算法根据家庭的经济脆弱程度对家庭进行排名以确定财务援助，该算法过度简化了人们的经济状况，加剧了社会紧张局势和不公平感。" }, { "date": "2023-05-06", "title": "Ron DeSantis's Presidential Campaign Released Twitter Video Containing AI Images of Donald Trump Hugging Anthony Fauci", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/547/", "description": "Ron DeSantis’s presidential campaign shared a video on Twitter featuring some AI-generated images of Donald Trump hugging former White House coronavirus advisor Anthony Fauci, allegedly as a smear campaign. This incident is possibly the first time a major U.S. presidential campaign deployed deepfake", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗恩·德桑蒂斯的总统竞选团队发布了推特视频，其中包含唐纳德·特朗普拥抱安东尼·福奇的人工智能图像", "description_zh": "Ron DeSantis’s presidential campaign shared a video on Twitter featuring some AI-generated images of Donald Trump hugging former White House coronavirus advisor Anthony Fauci, allegedly as a smear campaign.这起事件可能是美国重大总统竞选活动中首次使用 Deepfake" }, { "date": "2023-05-24", "title": "Opera's GPT-Based AI Reportedly Accused War Photographers of War Crimes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/548/", "description": "When prompted about \"photographers accused of committing war crimes,\" Opera's GPT-based chatbot Aria provided a list of photographers who take photography of military conflicts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 Opera 基于 GPT 的人工智能指控战争摄影师犯有战争罪", "description_zh": "当被提示“被指控犯有战争罪的摄影师”时，Opera 基于 GPT 的聊天机器人 Aria 提供了拍摄军事冲突的摄影师名单。" }, { "date": "2023-05-01", "title": "Fast Food Chains' AI Chatbots Failed to Assist Job Applicants with Scheduling Interviews", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/549/", "description": "McDonald's, Wendy's, and Hardee's AI chatbots deployed to pre-screen job candidates and schedule interviews reportedly ran into issues such as not giving useful submission instructions, failing to relay information to the manager, and scheduling an interview when the manager was not available.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "快餐连锁店的人工智能聊天机器人未能协助求职者安排面试", "description_zh": "据报道，麦当劳、Wendy's 和 Hardee's 部署用于预先筛选求职者和安排面试的人工智能聊天机器人遇到了一些问题，例如未提供有用的提交指令、未能向经理传达信息以及在经理不在时安排面试。" }, { "date": "2023-03-17", "title": "Tesla Allegedly on Autopilot Struck High School Student Exiting School Bus", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/550/", "description": "A 17-year-old student in Hollister, North Carolina who exited the school bus and was walking across the street to his house was hit by a 2022 Tesla Model Y allegedly operating on Autopilot mode, suffering a fractured neck and a broken leg.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，特斯拉的自动驾驶仪撞到了走出校车的高中生", "description_zh": "北卡罗来纳州霍利斯特市一名 17 岁的学生下了校车，步行穿过街道回家时，被一辆据称在自动驾驶模式下运行的 2022 款特斯拉 Model Y 撞倒，导致颈部骨折和腿部骨折。" }, { "date": "2023-01-04", "title": "FBI Reported Surge of Extortion Cases of AI Media Featuring Sexual Explicit Activities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/551/", "description": "The FBI reported an increase in sextortion cases featuring the use of fake, including AI-generated, images or videos created from content posted on their social media sites or web postings, provided to the malicious actor upon request, or captured during video chats.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FBI 报告人工智能媒体勒索案件激增", "description_zh": "美国联邦调查局报告称，使用虚假信息的性勒索案件有所增加，包括人工智能生成的图像或视频，这些图像或视频是根据社交媒体网站或网络帖子上发布的内容创建的，根据请求提供给恶意行为者，或在视频聊天期间捕获。" }, { "date": "2023-06-22", "title": "Bing Chat Solved CAPTCHAs with Image Analysis Feature Despite Safeguards", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/552/", "description": "Microsoft was reported by a Twitter user for deploying image analysis feature capable of solving CAPTCHAs for its GPT-based chatbot despite it being safeguarded against solving them for users.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尽管有保障措施，Bing Chat 还是通过图像分析功能解决了验证码问题", "description_zh": "一位 Twitter 用户报告称，微软部署了能够为其基于 GPT 的聊天机器人解决验证码的图像分析功能，尽管该功能已受到保护，无法为用户解决验证码。" }, { "date": "2023-03-05", "title": "Google's Overview Panel for Artist Edward Hopper Featured Image Generated in His Style by AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/553/", "description": "Google's knowledge panel for the American artist Edward Hopper featured an AI-generated image which was purportedly created in the artist's style but was not one of his works, the image of which was removed soon after.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌为艺术家爱德华·霍珀 (Edward Hopper) 设计的概述面板由人工智能以他的风格生成的特色图像", "description_zh": "谷歌为美国艺术家爱德华·霍珀（Edward Hopper）提供的知识面板展示了一张人工智能生成的图像，据称该图像是按照该艺术家的风格创作的，但并不是他的作品，该图像很快就被删除了。" }, { "date": "2023-05-21", "title": "Google Results for Johannes Vermeer Featured AI Version of His Artwork as Top Result", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/554/", "description": "Google's search engine featured an AI-generated hyperrealistic version of the painting \"Girl With a Pearl Earring\" as the highlighted result when users search for its Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰内斯·维米尔 (Johannes Vermeer) 的 Google 搜索结果将其艺术作品的 AI 版本列为最佳结果", "description_zh": "当用户搜索荷兰艺术家约翰内斯·维米尔时，谷歌的搜索引擎将人工智能生成的超现实主义画作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》作为突出显示的结果。" }, { "date": "2018-11-06", "title": "OpenAI's Training Data for LLMs Allegedly Comprised of Copyrighted Books", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/555/", "description": "Two authors alleged in a class action lawsuit OpenAI infringed authors' copyrights by incorporating illegal \"shadow libraries\" offering copyrighted books without permission in the training data of its generative LLMs, such as ChatGPT.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI 的法学硕士培训数据据称包含受版权保护的书籍", "description_zh": "两名作者在集体诉讼中指控 OpenAI 在其生成式 LLM（例如 ChatGPT）的训练数据中纳入未经许可提供版权书籍的非法“影子库”，从而侵犯了作者的版权。" }, { "date": "2018-10-05", "title": "Amazon Allegedly Violated Children's Privacy through Default Voice Collection Settings", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/556/", "description": "Amazon's retention of children' voice recordings indefinitely as the default setting reportedly to train Alexa's voice recognition for Alexa-enabled devices was charged by the FTC and DOJ to violate COPPA Rule.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊涉嫌通过默认语音收集设置侵犯儿童隐私", "description_zh": "据报道，亚马逊无限期保留儿童录音作为默认设置，用于训练支持 Alexa 的设备的 Alexa 语音识别功能，此举被 FTC 和 DOJ 指控违反 COPPA 规则。" }, { "date": "2020-06-24", "title": "Miami Police Deployed Facial Recognition to Arrest George Floyd Protestor Allegedly without Cause", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/557/", "description": "Miami Police's arrest report for a George Floyd protestor did not disclose use of facial recognition, which allegedly did not meet the legal threshold for probable cause for arrest.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "迈阿密警方部署面部识别技术无故逮捕乔治·弗洛伊德抗议者", "description_zh": "迈阿密警方对乔治·弗洛伊德抗议者的逮捕报告没有披露面部识别的使用情况，据称该技术未达到可能逮捕原因的法律门槛。" }, { "date": "2020-07-08", "title": "Activists Allege NYPD's Application of Facial Recognition Interfered with Right to Protest", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/558/", "description": "Black Lives Matter activists alleged being targeted for arrest by New York Police using facial recognition, interfering with their right to protest.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "活动人士声称纽约警察局的面部识别应用干扰了抗议权", "description_zh": "“黑人生命也是命”活动人士声称，纽约警方利用面部识别技术成为逮捕目标，干涉了他们的抗议权利。" }, { "date": "2023-06-30", "title": "Grant Reviewers Fed Applications into Generative AI to Produce Reports, Allegedly Breaching Confidentiality", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/559/", "description": "Peer reviewers of Australian government grant applications inserted applicants' work into generative AI systems such as ChatGPT to generate assessment reports, which allegedly posed confidentiality and security issues.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "授予评审员将应用程序用于生成人工智能以生成报告，涉嫌违反机密", "description_zh": "澳大利亚政府拨款申请的同行评审员将申请人的工作插入 ChatGPT 等生成人工智能系统中以生成评估报告，据称这带来了保密和安全问题。" }, { "date": "2023-06-23", "title": "Tesla on Autopilot Struck Parked Work Truck on Highway in Pennsylvania", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/560/", "description": "A 2016 Tesla on Autopilot crashed into the rear of a parked 2007 Freightliner truck providing traffic control on the Pennsylvania Turnpike highway.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉的自动驾驶仪撞上了宾夕法尼亚州高速公路上停放的工作卡车", "description_zh": "一辆搭载 Autopilot 的 2016 款 Tesla 撞上了一辆停在宾夕法尼亚收费公路上负责交通管制的 2007 款 Freightliner 卡车的后部。" }, { "date": "2019-11-03", "title": "OpenAI Alleged by Lawsuit Violated Users' Privacy Rights by Training AI on Private Info without Informed Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/561/", "description": "OpenAI's products such as ChatGPT and DALL-E were alleged in a lawsuit using stolen private information from internet users without their informed consent or knowledge.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI被诉讼指控未经知情同意使用私人信息训练AI侵犯用户隐私权", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 和 DALL-E 等产品在一场诉讼中被指控在未经互联网用户知情同意或不知情的情况下使用窃取的私人信息。" }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Uptick in Low-Quality AI-Produced Content Degraded Publishers' Submission Management", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/562/", "description": "A surge in low-standard AI-generated content such as by ChatGPT was reported by publishers, which negatively impacted submission management process and editors' workflow.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能制作的低质量内容的增加降低了出版商的提交管理水平", "description_zh": "出版商报告称，由 ChatGPT 等低标准 AI 生成的内容激增，这对提交管理流程和编辑的工作流程产生了负面影响。" }, { "date": "2023-08-14", "title": "Cruise Robotaxi Initially Blamed for Ambulance Delay in Case Where Patient Later Died; Subsequent Reports Clear Cruise of Fault", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/563/", "description": "In an initial report, a Cruise robotaxi was said to have delayed a San Francisco ambulance transporting Sammy Davis, a critically injured 69-year-old hit by a city bus. Davis later died. Subsequent clarification revealed that Cruise was not at fault for the fatality; the actual cause was a human-ope", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cruise Robotaxi最初因救护车延误而导致患者死亡；随后的报告明确了故障", "description_zh": "在一份初步报告中，据说一辆 Cruise 机器人出租车延误了一辆运送旧金山救护车的时间，该救护车运送的是 69 岁的萨米·戴维斯 (Sammy Davis)，一名被城市公交车撞到的重伤者。戴维斯后来去世。随后的澄清表明，克鲁斯对死亡事件没有过错；真正的原因是人为操作" }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "title": "Voice deepfake targets bank in failed transfer scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/564/", "description": "In spring 2023, Florida investor Clive Kabatznik became the target of an advanced scam attempt involving a voice deepfake mimicking his own voice. The fraudulent caller, using AI-generated speech, contacted Kabatznik's Bank of America representative in an unsuccessful attempt to deceive the banker i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "语音深度伪造以银行为目标进行转账诈骗失败", "description_zh": "2023 年春天，佛罗里达州投资者克莱夫·卡巴兹尼克 (Clive Kabatznik) 成为了一次高级诈骗的目标，其中涉及模仿他自己声音的深度伪造语音。欺诈性来电者使用人工智能生成的语音联系了卡巴兹尼克的美国银行代表，试图欺骗银行家，但没有成功。" }, { "date": "2023-08-08", "title": "AI-Generated Imagery and Multilingual Disinformation in Chinese Campaign Regarding Maui Wildfires", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/565/", "description": "In a disinformation campaign concerning wildfires across Maui, Chinese operatives utilized AI-generated imagery to enhance the credibility of false narratives. These narratives claimed that the wildfires were the result of a secret \"weather weapon\" being tested by the United States. Researchers from", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国有关毛伊岛野火的行动中人工智能生成的图像和多语言虚假信息", "description_zh": "在一场有关毛伊岛山火的虚假信息活动中，中国特工利用人工智能生成的图像来提高虚假叙述的可信度。这些叙述声称，山火是美国测试秘密“气象武器”的结果。研究人员来自" }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "title": "Gannett Halts AI-Generated High School Sports Articles After Series of Errors and Public Backlash", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/566/", "description": "Gannett, a newspaper chain, temporarily halted its AI experiment that used a tool called LedeAI to generate high school sports articles. The decision came after several articles produced by the AI showed glaring errors, repetitive language, and awkward phrasing, drawing criticism and mockery on soci", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在一系列错误和公众强烈反对后，甘尼特停止了人工智能生成的高中体育文章", "description_zh": "连锁报纸 Gannett 暂时停止了其人工智能实验，该实验使用名为 LedeAI 的工具来生成高中体育文章。该决定是在人工智能撰写的几篇文章出现明显错误、重复语言和尴尬措辞，招致社会批评和嘲笑之后作出的。" }, { "date": "2023-08-27", "title": "Deepfake Voice Exploit Compromises Retool's Cloud Services", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/567/", "description": "In August 2023, a hacker reportedly was successful in breaching Retool, an IT company specializing in business software solutions, impacting 27 cloud customers. The attacker appears to have initiated the breach by sending phishing SMS messages to employees and later used an AI-generated deepfake voi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 语音漏洞危害了 Retool 的云服务", "description_zh": "据报道，2023 年 8 月，一名黑客成功攻破了专门从事商业软件解决方案的 IT 公司 Retool，影响了 27 名云客户。攻击者似乎通过向员工发送网络钓鱼短信来发起攻击，随后使用人工智能生成的 Deepfake voi" }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "AI-Generated Voices Amplify Conspiracy Theories on TikTok", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/568/", "description": "NewsGuard has identified 17 TikTok accounts that have been using AI-generated voices to advance and amplify conspiracy theories and false claims beginning in June 2023. By September 25, 2023, these accounts had amassed over 336 million views and over 14.5 million likes. Videos include baseless claim", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的声音放大了 TikTok 上的阴谋论", "description_zh": "NewsGuard 已识别出 17 个 TikTok 帐户，从 2023 年 6 月开始，这些帐户一直在使用人工智能生成的声音来推进和放大阴谋论和虚假声明。截至 2023 年 9 月 25 日，这些帐户已积累了超过 3.36 亿次观看和超过 1450 万次点赞。视频包含毫无根据的说法" }, { "date": "2021-12-25", "title": "Chatbot Encourages Man to Plot Assassination of Queen Elizabeth II", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/569/", "description": "In 2021, Jaswant Singh Chail was urged by a Replika chatbot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth II. Armed with a loaded crossbow, he scaled Windsor Castle's walls on Christmas Day but was apprehended. Motivated by the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre, Chail intended to kill the monarch. The chatbot had aff", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "聊天机器人鼓励人策划刺杀伊丽莎白二世女王", "description_zh": "2021 年，Replika 聊天机器人敦促 Jaswant Singh Chail 刺杀英国女王伊丽莎白二世。圣诞节那天，他手持上了弦的弩，攀登了温莎城堡的城墙，但被逮捕。受到 1919 年贾里安瓦拉园大屠杀的刺激，柴尔打算杀死君主。聊天机器人有 aff" }, { "date": "2023-04-10", "title": "Facebook Messenger AI Stickers Generate Ethical and Content Moderation Concerns", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/570/", "description": "Facebook Messenger AI stickers, a feature by Meta, allows users to generate personalized stickers via AI for use in conversations. While the feature has been praised for its creativity, it has also stirred controversy for its alleged production of inappropriate or offensive content. This has raised", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook Messenger AI 贴纸引发道德和内容审核担忧", "description_zh": "Facebook Messenger AI 贴纸是 Meta 的一项功能，允许用户通过 AI 生成个性化贴纸以在对话中使用。虽然该功能因其创造力而受到赞扬，但也因其涉嫌制作不当或冒犯性内容而引发争议。这已经引起了" }, { "date": "2023-06-22", "title": "Accidental Exposure of 38TB of Data by Microsoft's AI Research Team", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/571/", "description": "Microsoft's AI research team accidentally exposed 38TB of sensitive data while publishing open-source training material on GitHub. The exposure included secrets, private keys, passwords, and internal Microsoft Teams messages. The team utilized Azure's Shared Access Signature (SAS) tokens for sharing", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软AI研究团队意外泄露38TB数据", "description_zh": "微软人工智能研究团队在 GitHub 上发布开源培训材料时，意外泄露了 38TB 敏感数据。泄露的内容包括机密、私钥、密码和内部 Microsoft Teams 消息。该团队利用 Azure 的共享访问签名 (SAS) 令牌进行共享" }, { "date": "2023-07-24", "title": "Alleged False Accusation of AI-Generated Essay by Turnitin", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/572/", "description": "A student was allegedly falsely accused of using AI to generate an essay assignment based on Turnitin's AI detector. The student, who claims to have written the essay by hand, also claims to have received a zero for the assignment. Despite multiple appeals to the professor, department head, and Turn", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Turnitin 涉嫌对人工智能生成的论文进行虚假指控", "description_zh": "据称，一名学生被错误地指控使用人工智能根据 Turnitin 的人工智能检测器生成论文作业。该学生自称是手写论文，还声称作业得了零分。尽管多次向教授、系主任和特恩提出上诉" }, { "date": "2023-07-10", "title": "Deepfake Recordings Allegedly Influence Slovakian Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/573/", "description": "Days before Slovakia's election, deepfake audio recordings surfaced, allegedly featuring conversations between a journalist and a leading liberal politician discussing vote-rigging and other controversial topics. The recordings were spread on social media platforms and may have influenced the electi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 录音据称影响斯洛伐克选举", "description_zh": "斯洛伐克大选前几天，深度伪造的音频录音浮出水面，据称其中包含一名记者和一名主要自由派政客之间讨论操纵选票和其他有争议话题的对话。这些录音在社交媒体平台上传播，可能影响了选举" }, { "date": "2023-05-07", "title": "AI-Generated Articles at G/O Media Allegedly Diminishes Reputation of Human Staff", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/574/", "description": "G/O Media began publishing AI-generated articles, against staff advice, that contained errors and quality issues. The first such article, a list of Star Wars movies, failed to maintain chronological order, causing internal concerns over journalistic credibility and ethics. Staff expressed that the A", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G/O Media 人工智能生成的文章据称损害了员工的声誉", "description_zh": "G/O Media 不顾员工的建议，开始发表人工智能生成的文章，其中包含错误和质量问题。第一篇此类文章是星球大战电影列表，未能保持时间顺序，引起了内部对新闻可信度和道德的担忧。工作人员表示，A" }, { "date": "2023-06-28", "title": "Amazon Rife with Many Allegedly AI-Generated Books of Suspect Quality", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/575/", "description": "Amazon’s Kindle Unlimited young adult romance bestseller list was flooded with allegedly AI-generated books that made little to no sense, disrupting the rankings. These books were reported to be \"clearly there to click farm.\" Despite being removed from the bestseller list, many remained available fo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊充斥着许多据称由人工智能生成的质量可疑的书籍", "description_zh": "亚马逊的 Kindle Unlimited 青少年浪漫畅销书排行榜上充斥着据称由人工智能生成的书籍，这些书籍几乎没有任何意义，扰乱了排名。据报道，这些书“显然是为了点击农场”。尽管已从畅销书排行榜上删除，但许多书仍然可供购买" }, { "date": "2023-10-24", "title": "Alleged Misuse of PicSo AI for Generating Inappropriate Content Emphasizing \"Girls\"", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/576/", "description": "PicSo AI, which appears to be getting advertised by Meta over Instagram, is allegedly being used for generating inappropriate content with an emphasis on \"girls.\" This raises concerns about the misuse of generative AI technologies for creating offensive and potentially sexually explicit material tha", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌滥用 PicSo AI 生成强调“女孩”的不当内容", "description_zh": "PicSo AI 似乎在 Instagram 上被 Meta 做广告，据称它被用来生成强调“女孩”的不当内容。这引发了人们对滥用生成式人工智能技术来创建具有攻击性和潜在色情内容的担忧。" }, { "date": "2023-06-30", "title": "Bankrate's Resumption of AI-Generated Content Allegedly Continuing to Produce Inaccurate and Misleading Information", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/577/", "description": "Bankrate, and its sister site CNET, both owned by Red Ventures, resumed publishing AI-generated articles claiming thorough human fact-checking. However, new articles are alleged to contain numerous factual errors, including inaccurate statistics and misleading information. Despite public criticism,", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bankrate 恢复人工智能生成内容，据称继续产生不准确和误导性信息", "description_zh": "Bankrate 及其姊妹网站 CNET（均由 Red Ventures 拥有）恢复发布人工智能生成的文章，声称经过了彻底的人工事实核查。然而，新文章据称包含许多事实错误，包括不准确的统计数据和误导性信息。尽管受到舆论批评，" }, { "date": "2023-06-26", "title": "Alleged Exploitation of Meta's Open-Source LLaMA Model for NSFW and Violent Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/578/", "description": "Meta's open-source large language model, LLaMA, is allegedly being used to create graphic and explicit chatbots that indulge in violent and illegal sexual fantasies. The Washington Post highlighted the example of \"Allie,\" a chatbot that participates in text-based role-playing allegedly involving vio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌利用 Meta 的开源 LLaMA 模型来传播 NSFW 和暴力内容", "description_zh": "据称，Meta 的开源大型语言模型 LLaMA 被用来创建图形和露骨的聊天机器人，沉迷于暴力和非法的性幻想。 《华盛顿邮报》强调了“Allie”的例子，这是一个参与基于文本的角色扮演的聊天机器人，据称涉及 vio" }, { "date": "2023-03-07", "title": "Harmful Stereotyping of Non-Cisgendered People via Text-to-Image Systems", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/579/", "description": "Text-to-image systems such as DALL-E are allegedly generating biased and often insulting representations of non-cisgender identities. The systems tend to generate stereotypical and sexualized images when prompted with gender identity terms like \"trans,\" \"nonbinary,\" or \"queer,\" highlighting systemic", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过文本到图像系统对非顺性别者的有害刻板印象", "description_zh": "据称，诸如 DALL-E 之类的文本到图像系统会生成带有偏见且经常带有侮辱性的非顺性别身份表征。当提示“跨性别者”、“非二元性别”或“酷儿”等性别认同术语时，系统往往会生成刻板和性感的图像，强调系统性" }, { "date": "2023-12-06", "title": "Alleged Gender Discrimination in Facebook Job Ads Algorithm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/580/", "description": "Facebook's ad delivery algorithm allegedly disproportionately showed job advertisements to one gender. Despite claims of non-discrimination, the algorithm's actions seem to perpetuate societal biases, which in turn could potentially limit opportunities for certain groups and hinder gender equity in", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 招聘广告算法涉嫌性别歧视", "description_zh": "据称，Facebook 的广告投放算法不成比例地向一种性别展示招聘广告。尽管声称不歧视，但该算法的行为似乎延续了社会偏见，这反过来又可能限制某些群体的机会并阻碍性别平等" }, { "date": "2023-06-24", "title": "Google Ads Allegedly Serving Content on AI-Generated Misinformation Sites", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/581/", "description": "Google’s advertising platform, Google Ads, has allegedly been found to be serving ads on AI-generated content farms that often disseminate misinformation. Despite policies prohibiting such practices, reportedly there are approximately 356 out of 393 ads from major brands that were found to be served", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌广告据称在人工智能生成的错误信息网站上提供内容", "description_zh": "据称，谷歌的广告平台 Google Ads 被发现在人工智能生成的内容农场上投放广告，而这些内容农场经常传播错误信息。尽管政策禁止此类做法，但据报道，在 393 个主要品牌的广告中，约有 356 个广告被发现投放" }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "Racial Bias in Lung Function Diagnostic Algorithm Leads to Underdiagnosis in Black Men", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/582/", "description": "A study published in JAMA Network Open reveals that racial bias built into a commonly used medical diagnostic algorithm for lung function may be leading to underdiagnoses of breathing problems in Black men. The study suggests that as many as 40% more Black male patients might have been accurately di", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肺功能诊断算法中的种族偏见导致黑人男性诊断不足", "description_zh": "《美国医学会杂志》网络公开版上发表的一项研究表明，常用的肺功能医学诊断算法中内置的种族偏见可能会导致黑人男性呼吸问题的诊断不足。研究表明，多达 40% 的黑人男性患者可能已被准确诊断为" }, { "date": "2023-07-06", "title": "Instagram Algorithms Allegedly Promote Accounts Facilitating Child Sex Abuse Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/583/", "description": "An investigation disclosed that Instagram's recommendation algorithms are promoting accounts that facilitate and sell child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The study, conducted by The Wall Street Journal and researchers at Stanford University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst, indicates that", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Instagram 算法涉嫌推广有利于儿童性虐待内容的账户", "description_zh": "一项调查显示，Instagram 的推荐算法正在推广促进和销售儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的帐户。这项由《华尔街日报》以及斯坦福大学和马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的研究人员进行的研究表明：" }, { "date": "2023-10-26", "title": "Kremlin-Linked Entities Allegedly Using Generative AI to Spread Russian Disinformation in Latin America", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/585/", "description": "Moscow-based tech firms and an industry association with links to the Kremlin are allegedly using generative AI to spread Russian disinformation in countries throughout Central America and South America. According to the U.S. Department of State, the Russian companies rely on local writers to compos", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称与克里姆林宫有联系的实体利用生成人工智能在拉丁美洲传播俄罗斯虚假信息", "description_zh": "据称，总部位于莫斯科的科技公司和一个与克里姆林宫有联系的行业协会正在利用生成式人工智能在中美洲和南美洲各国传播俄罗斯虚假信息。据美国国务院称，俄罗斯公司依靠当地作家来创作" }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "FTC Targets Edmodo for Unlawful Use of Children’s Data and Delegating Compliance to Schools", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/586/", "description": "Edmodo, an education technology provider, violated the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Rule (COPPA Rule) by collecting and using children's personal data for advertising purposes without parental consent, according to the FTC. The company outsourced its compliance responsibilities to school", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 指控 Edmodo 非法使用儿童数据并将合规委托给学校", "description_zh": "美国联邦贸易委员会称，教育技术提供商 Edmodo 在未经家长同意的情况下收集和使用儿童个人数据用于广告目的，违反了《儿童在线隐私保护法规则》（COPPA 规则）。公司将合规责任外包给学校" }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "Apparent Failure to Accurately Label Primates in Image Recognition Software Due to Alleged Fear of Racial Bias", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/587/", "description": "Eight years after Google Photos mislabeled images of Black individuals as \"gorillas,\" image recognition software by Google, Apple, Amazon, and Microsoft still shows signs of either avoiding or inaccurately categorizing primates. Tests reveal that Google and Apple Photos refrain from labeling primate", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由于担心种族偏见，图像识别软件明显未能准确标记灵长类动物", "description_zh": "谷歌照片将黑人图像错误地标记为“大猩猩”八年后，谷歌、苹果、亚马逊和微软的图像识别软件仍然显示出回避或不准确地对灵长类动物进行分类的迹象。测试显示谷歌和苹果照片没有给灵长类动物贴上标签" }, { "date": "2023-12-05", "title": "Australian Terrorism Prediction Tool Disparately Impacts Persons with Autism", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/588/", "description": "An independent report found that the Vera-2R tool, designed to predict the risk of future terrorist activities, considered autism as a risk factor despite lacking empirical evidence to support this claim. The report called into question the tool's overall validity and reliability, stating it was \"ex", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚恐怖主义预测工具对自闭症患者产生不同的影响", "description_zh": "一份独立报告发现，旨在预测未来恐怖活动风险的 Vera-2R 工具将自闭症视为一个风险因素，尽管缺乏经验证据支持这一说法。该报告对该工具的整体有效性和可靠性提出了质疑，称其“前" }, { "date": "2023-01-05", "title": "Proliferation of AI-Generated News Websites and Content Farms Across Multiple Languages Degrading Information Integrity", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/589/", "description": "Scores of AI-generated news websites and content farms are producing low-quality, clickbait content in a variety of languages. They are reportedly spreading false information and degrading the quality of information available online. These sites often lack human oversight, feature repetitive languag", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的新闻网站和内容农场跨多种语言激增，降低了信息完整性", "description_zh": "许多人工智能生成的新闻网站和内容农场正在以各种语言制作低质量的标题诱饵内容。据报道，他们散布虚假信息并降低在线信息的质量。这些网站通常缺乏人工监督，语言重复" }, { "date": "2023-03-02", "title": "Alleged ChatGPT-Generated Book with a Duplicate Title, Fake Author, and Similar Content Surfaces on Amazon Ahead of Real Author's Book Release", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/590/", "description": "The author Chris Cowell had spent more than a year writing his book \"Automating DevOps with GitLab CI/CD Pipelines\" when, three weeks before its release, another book appeared bearing the exact title by an author (Marie Karpos) for whom no information could be found. The book appeared to have been w", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，ChatGPT 生成的书籍在真实作者的书籍发布之前就在亚马逊上出现，该书籍具有重复标题、假作者和类似内容", "description_zh": "作者 Chris Cowell 花了一年多的时间写了他的书《使用 GitLab CI/CD Pipelines 实现自动化 DevOps》，在该书发布前三周，出现了另一本书，其书名由一位作者 (Marie Karpos) 撰写，但无法找到该书的任何信息。这本书似乎已经被" }, { "date": "2023-07-24", "title": "Cigna Algorithm PXDX Allegedly Rejected Thousands of Patient Claims En Masse in Breach of California Law", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/591/", "description": "Cigna health insurer faces a class-action lawsuit for allegedly using the PXDX (\"procedure-to-diagnosis\") algorithm to automatically reject over 300,000 patient claims in violation of California law, prompting two members to file the lawsuit seeking damages and a jury trial. Cigna disputes the alleg", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cigna 算法 PXDX 涉嫌集体拒绝数千名患者索赔，违反加州法律", "description_zh": "Cigna 健康保险公司因涉嫌使用 PXDX（“诊断程序”）算法自动拒绝超过 300,000 名患者索赔而违反加州法律而面临集体诉讼，促使两名成员提起诉讼，寻求损害赔偿和陪审团审判。 Cigna 对指控提出异议" }, { "date": "2023-02-16", "title": "Facial Recognition Misidentifies Pregnant Woman Leading to False Arrest in Detroit", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/592/", "description": "Porcha Woodruff was arrested and subsequently had charges dropped due to an unreliable facial recognition match. Despite being visibly pregnant, she was implicated in a robbery and carjacking based on an outdated photo used in a lineup.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "面部识别错误识别孕妇导致底特律误捕", "description_zh": "波查·伍德拉夫 (Porcha Woodruff) 被捕，随后因面部识别匹配不可靠而撤销指控。尽管她明显怀孕了，但根据阵容中使用的一张过时照片，她涉嫌抢劫和劫车。" }, { "date": "2023-07-21", "title": "AI Photo Filter Lightens Skin, Changes Eye Color in Student's 'Professional' Image", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/593/", "description": "An AI application modified an MIT student's photo to appear 'professional' by lightening her skin and changing her eye color to blue, highlighting the racial bias in the training data of the program.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 照片滤镜美化肤色，改变学生“专业”形象中的眼睛颜色", "description_zh": "一款人工智能应用程序修改了麻省理工学院学生的照片，通过增亮她的皮肤并将她的眼睛颜色更改为蓝色来显得“专业”，突出了该项目训练数据中的种族偏见。" }, { "date": "2023-10-08", "title": "AI Meal Planner Suggests Hazardous Chlorine Gas Recipe", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/594/", "description": "Pak 'n' Save's AI-based app, Savey Meal-bot, inadvertently suggested dangerous recipes, including one creating chlorine gas, when users entered non-food household items, raising safety and oversight concerns.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 膳食规划器建议危险的氯气食谱", "description_zh": "Pak 'n' Save 的人工智能应用程序 Savey Meal-bot 在用户输入非食品家居用品时无意中建议了危险的食谱，其中包括一种会产生氯气的食谱，引发了安全和监督方面的担忧。" }, { "date": "2023-11-08", "title": "Driverless Cruise Cars Immobilized in San Francisco Traffic Jam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/595/", "description": "A fleet of Cruise's autonomous vehicles became unexpectedly immobilized on a busy San Francisco street, causing significant traffic disruption. The incident was attributed to wireless connectivity issues exacerbated by a nearby festival.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "旧金山堵车时无人驾驶游轮无法动弹", "description_zh": "Cruise 的自动驾驶车队出人意料地在旧金山繁忙的街道上停了下来，造成严重的交通中断。该事件归因于附近的节日加剧了无线连接问题。" }, { "date": "2023-10-17", "title": "Cruise's Autonomous Vehicles Allegedly Engaging in Risky Behavior Near Pedestrians", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/596/", "description": "Cruise's driverless vehicles are under federal investigation for possibly failing to exhibit due caution around crosswalks and pedestrians, with reports including one severe injury incident.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cruise 的自动驾驶汽车涉嫌在行人附近做出危险行为", "description_zh": "Cruise 的无人驾驶汽车因可能未能在人行横道和行人周围表现出应有的谨慎而正在接受联邦调查，有报告称发生了一起严重伤害事件。" }, { "date": "2023-10-20", "title": "Female Students at Westfield High School in New Jersey Reportedly Targeted with Deepfake Nudes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/597/", "description": "In October 2023, alleged deepfake nude images of female students were created and shared at Westfield High School in New Jersey. One alleged implicated system in this incident is the Clothoff deepfake app. A victim, Francesca Mani, and her mother, Dorota, began advocating for stronger laws after the", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，新泽西州韦斯特菲尔德高中的女学生遭到 Deepfake 裸体攻击", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月，新泽西州韦斯特菲尔德高中涉嫌制作并分享了女学生的深度伪造裸照。 Clothoff Deepfake 应用程序是该事件中涉嫌涉及的一个系统。受害者弗朗西斯卡·马尼 (Francesca Mani) 和她的母亲多罗塔 (Dorota) 在事件发生后开始倡导制定更强有力的法律。" }, { "date": "2023-08-11", "title": "Stacking robot fatally crushes employee in South Korea", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/599/", "description": "An industrial robot is reported to have crushed a man to death in South Korea when it failed to differentiate the man from the boxes of produce it was handling.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国堆垛机器人压死员工", "description_zh": "据报道，韩国的一台工业机器人因未能将男子与它正在处理的农产品箱区分开而将一名男子压死。" }, { "date": "2023-08-10", "title": "AI-Generated Fake Audio of Verbal Abuse Incident Circulates of British Labour Leader Keir Starmer", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/601/", "description": "An AI-generated audio clip, purporting to show UK opposition leader Keir Starmer verbally abusing staff, was debunked as fake. The clip, circulated on social media, was analyzed and found likely manipulated, with added background noise to evade detection.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的英国工党领袖凯尔·斯塔默辱骂事件的虚假音频在流传", "description_zh": "一段由人工智能生成的音频剪辑，据称显示英国反对党领袖凯尔·斯塔默 (Keir Starmer) 辱骂员工，但被揭穿为假音频。这段在社交媒体上流传的视频经过分析，发现很可能是经过操纵的，并添加了背景噪音以逃避检测。" }, { "date": "2023-02-10", "title": "Russia Reportedly Using Artificial Intelligence in Disinformation Campaigns to Erode Western Support for Ukraine", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/602/", "description": "The Russian government has been stepping up its foreign influence campaigns by using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies to spread disinformation and sow distrust in policies supportive of Ukraine. Part of the strategy includes carrying out influence laundering operations by disseminat", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，俄罗斯利用人工智能进行虚假信息宣传，以削弱西方对乌克兰的支持", "description_zh": "俄罗斯政府一直在加强其外国影响力活动，利用人工智能和新兴技术传播虚假信息，并在支持乌克兰的政策中播下不信任的种子。该战略的一部分包括通过传播信息来开展影响力洗钱行动" }, { "date": "2021-02-07", "title": "Algorithmic Allocation of Resources in Healthcare for Disabled and Elderly Care Services Allegedly Harming Patients", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/603/", "description": "A healthcare algorithm designed to equitably distribute caregiving resources drastically cut care hours for the disabled and elderly, leading to significant hardships and harm. Initially developed for fair resource allocation, the system ultimately faced legal challenges for its inability to accurat", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "残障和养老服务资源的算法分配涉嫌损害患者利益", "description_zh": "旨在公平分配护理资源的医疗保健算法大大缩短了残疾人和老年人的护理时间，导致了巨大的困难和伤害。该系统最初是为了公平的资源分配而开发的，但最终因其无法准确地分配资源而面临法律挑战。" }, { "date": "2023-04-14", "title": "Quebec Man Sentenced for Having Used Deepfake Technology to Create Synthetic Child Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/604/", "description": "A Quebec man was sentenced to over three years in prison for using AI deepfake technology to produce synthetic child pornography. He created videos by superimposing children's faces onto other bodies, adding to the challenge of policing digital sexual exploitation. This case marks a disturbing use o", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "魁北克男子因使用 Deepfake 技术制作合成儿童色情制品而被判刑", "description_zh": "一名魁北克男子因使用人工智能深度伪造技术制作合成儿童色情内容而被判处三年以上监禁。他通过将儿童的面孔叠加到其他身体上来制作视频，增加了监管数字性剥削的挑战。此案标志着令人不安的使用" }, { "date": "2021-01-08", "title": "North Carolina Psychiatrist Used Artificial Intelligence to Produce Images of Child Sex Abuse", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/605/", "description": "David Tatum, a psychiatrist, was sentenced to 40 years for sexually exploiting a minor and using AI to create child pornography images. Tatum used a web-based AI application to alter clothed images of minors into explicit content, misusing technology for illegal and unethical purposes. Evidence pres", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北卡罗来纳州精神病学家使用人工智能制作儿童性虐待的图像", "description_zh": "精神病学家大卫·塔图姆 (David Tatum) 因对未成年人进行性剥削以及使用人工智能制作儿童色情图片而被判处 40 年徒刑。塔图姆使用基于网络的人工智能应用程序将未成年人的着装图像更改为露骨内容，滥用技术用于非法和不道德的目的。证据证明" }, { "date": "2023-02-10", "title": "Deepfaked Advertisements Using the Likenesses of Celebrities Such as Tom Hanks and Gayle King Without Their Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/606/", "description": "Deepfake technology was used to generate video advertisements featuring celebrities. Notable examples include the likeness of Tom Hanks touting a dental plan and another one in which the likeness of Gayle King touts a weight loss product. In each case, the individuals whose likenesses and voices had", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "未经同意使用汤姆·汉克斯和盖尔·金等名人肖像的深度伪造广告", "description_zh": "Deepfake 技术被用来生成以名人为主角的视频广告。著名的例子包括汤姆·汉克斯 (Tom Hanks) 宣传牙科计划的肖像，以及盖尔·金 (Gayle King) 宣传减肥产品的肖像。在每一个案例中，那些相貌和声音都具有相似性的人" }, { "date": "2023-09-11", "title": "Deepfake Video Circulating of British Labour Leader Keir Starmer Touting an Investment Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/607/", "description": "A deepfake video was circulating around social media of British Labour leader Keir Starmer touting an investment scheme.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国工党领袖 Keir Starmer 兜售投资计划的 Deepfake 视频流传", "description_zh": "英国工党领袖凯尔·斯塔默（Keir Starmer）兜售一项投资计划的深度伪造视频在社交媒体上流传。" }, { "date": "2023-02-28", "title": "UnitedHealth Accused of Deploying Allegedly Flawed AI to Deny Medical Coverage", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/608/", "description": "UnitedHealthcare allegedly used a faulty AI algorithm with a 90% error rate to override doctors' recommendations and deny health coverage. This AI, developed by NaviHealth, reportedly led to premature discharge from care facilities and substantial out-of-pocket expenses for patients, according to a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合健康保险被指控部署涉嫌有缺陷的人工智能来拒绝医疗保险", "description_zh": "UnitedHealthcare 据称使用错误的人工智能算法，错误率高达 90%，从而推翻医生的建议并拒绝提供健康保险。据报道，这种由 NaviHealth 开发的人工智能导致患者过早出院，并给患者带来大量自付费用。" }, { "date": "2023-08-16", "title": "Flawed AI in Google Search Reportedly Misinforms about Geography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/609/", "description": "Google's search AI erroneously claimed no African country begins with 'K', along with various other geography-and-letter-based questions, misguiding users with a flawed featured snippet. Originating from ChatGPT-written posts and inaccurately scraped by Google, this incident highlights issues in AI-", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，谷歌搜索中存在缺陷的人工智能会误导地理信息", "description_zh": "谷歌的搜索人工智能错误地声称没有非洲国家以“K”开头，以及其他各种基于地理和字母的问题，用有缺陷的特色片段误导用户。这一事件源自 ChatGPT 撰写的帖子，并被 Google 错误地删除，凸显了人工智能领域的问题——" }, { "date": "2023-09-17", "title": "Purported Deepfake Technology Was Reportedly Used to Generate Naked Pictures of Underage Girls in Spanish Town", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/610/", "description": "In Spain, an AI app was used to digitally alter photos of young girls, making them appear naked. This manipulation sparked an investigation after these images were circulated in Almendralejo, a town in the Extremadura region, raising serious concerns about digital privacy violations and the potentia", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，所谓的 Deepfake 技术被用来在西班牙小镇生成未成年女孩的裸照", "description_zh": "在西班牙，一款人工智能应用程序被用来对年轻女孩的照片进行数字修改，使她们看起来赤身裸体。这些图像在埃斯特雷马杜拉地区的阿尔门德拉莱霍镇流传后，这种操纵行为引发了调查，引发了对数字隐私侵犯和潜力的严重担忧" }, { "date": "2021-06-12", "title": "UK Government AI Allegedly Targets Disproportionate Numbers of Certain Nationals for Fraud Review", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/611/", "description": "The UK's Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) faced scrutiny after many Bulgarian nationals reported unexplained suspensions of their Universal Credit benefits. The MP for Edmonton raised concerns about potential nationality-based targeting for benefit fraud investigations, leading to poverty and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称英国政府人工智能针对不成比例的某些国民进行欺诈审查", "description_zh": "在许多保加利亚国民报告其普遍信用福利不明原因被暂停后，英国工作和养老金部（DWP）面临审查。埃德蒙顿议员对福利欺诈调查中潜在的基于国籍的目标表示担忧，这会导致贫困和贫困。" }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "Microsoft AI Poll Allegedly Causes Reputational Harm of The Guardian Newspaper", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/612/", "description": "An AI-generated poll by Microsoft, displayed alongside a Guardian article, inappropriately speculated on the cause of Lilie James's death, leading to public backlash and alleged reputational damage for The Guardian. Microsoft acknowledged the issue, subsequently deactivating such polls and revising", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软人工智能民意调查据称对《卫报》造成声誉损害", "description_zh": "微软人工智能生成的民意调查与《卫报》的一篇文章一起展示，对莉莉·詹姆斯的死因进行了不恰当的猜测，导致公众强烈反对，并据称损害了《卫报》的声誉。微软承认了这个问题，随后取消了此类民意调查并进行了修改" }, { "date": "2023-11-23", "title": "AI-Generated Images Available through Adobe Stock Misrepresent Real-World Events", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/613/", "description": "AI-generated images available through Adobe Stock, depicting realistic but fictional scenes of real-world events like wars and protests, have raised significant ethical concerns. These images blurred the lines between reality and fiction in journalistic contexts, prompting Adobe Stock to \"crack down", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Adobe Stock 提供的人工智能生成的图像歪曲了现实世界的事件", "description_zh": "Adobe Stock 提供的人工智能生成的图像描绘了战争和抗议等现实世界事件的真实但虚构的场景，引起了重大的道德问题。这些图像模糊了新闻语境中现实与虚构之间的界限，促使 Adob​​e Stock“严厉打击" }, { "date": "2023-02-11", "title": "Google Bard Allegedly Generates False Allegations Against Consulting Firms Used in Research Presented in Australian Parliamentary Inquiry", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/614/", "description": "Australian academics reportedly used Google Bard AI to generate case studies for a parliamentary inquiry, leading to false allegations against major consultancy firms. The AI-generated misinformation prompted an apology from the academics, causing reputational harm for all parties involved and raisi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌巴德据称对澳大利亚议会调查中使用的研究中使用的咨询公司提出虚假指控", "description_zh": "据报道，澳大利亚学者使用 Google Bard AI 为议会调查生成案例研究，导致对主要咨询公司提出虚假指控。人工智能生成的错误信息促使学术界道歉，给所有相关方造成了声誉损害，并造成了损失。" }, { "date": "2023-06-13", "title": "Colorado Lawyer Filed a Motion Citing Hallucinated ChatGPT Cases", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/615/", "description": "A Colorado Springs attorney, Zachariah Crabill, mistakenly used hallucinated ChatGPT-generated legal cases in court documents. The AI software provided false case citations, leading to the denial of a motion and legal repercussions for Crabill, highlighting risks in using AI for legal research.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州律师提出一项动议，援引 ChatGPT 幻觉案件", "description_zh": "科罗拉多斯普林斯市的一名律师 Zachariah Crabill 在法庭文件中错误地使用了 ChatGPT 生成的幻觉法律案件。人工智能软件提供了虚假的案例引文，导致克拉比尔的动议被拒绝并受到法律影响，凸显了使用人工智能进行法律研究的风险。" }, { "date": "2023-11-27", "title": "Sports Illustrated Is Alleged to Have Used AI to Invent Fake Authors and Their Articles", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/616/", "description": "Sports Illustrated, managed by The Arena Group, allegedly used AI-generated authors and content, compromising journalistic integrity. Profiles of these fictitious authors, complete with AI-generated headshots, appeared alongside articles, misleading readers. The issue was exposed when inconsistencie", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《体育画报》被指控利用人工智能发明虚假作者及其文章", "description_zh": "由 The Arena Group 管理的《体育画报》据称使用人工智能生成的作者和内容，损害了新闻诚信。这些虚构作者的个人资料，以及人工智能生成的头像，与文章一起出现，误导读者。不一致时问题就暴露了" }, { "date": "2023-09-11", "title": "Male student allegedly used AI to generate nude photos of female classmates at a high school in Issaquah, Washington", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/617/", "description": "At a high school in Issaquah, Washington, a male student is reported to have used deepfake technology to alter pictures of several female classmates and then shared them.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "华盛顿伊瑟阔一所高中的男学生涉嫌使用人工智能生成女同学的裸照", "description_zh": "据报道，在华盛顿州伊萨夸市的一所高中，一名男学生使用 Deepfake 技术修改了几名女同学的照片，然后将其分享。" }, { "date": "2023-12-14", "title": "Navy Federal Credit Union Faces Allegations of Racial Bias in Mortgage Approvals", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/618/", "description": "Navy Federal Credit Union, serving military members and veterans, faced allegations of racial bias in its mortgage approval process, which relies on automated underwriting technology. In 2022, data revealed significant disparities in loan approvals, with over 50% of Black applicants denied, compared", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "海军联邦信用合作社面临抵押贷款审批存在种族偏见的指控", "description_zh": "为军人和退伍军人提供服务的海军联邦信用社在其抵押贷款审批流程中面临种族偏见的指控，该流程依赖于自动承保技术。 2022 年，数据显示贷款批准存在显着差异，相比之下，超过 50% 的黑人申请人被拒绝" }, { "date": "2023-12-20", "title": "Rite Aid Facial Recognition Disproportionately Misidentified Minority Shoppers as Shoplifters", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/619/", "description": "Rite Aid used facial recognition technology from October 2012 to July 2020, allegedly leading to disproportionate misidentifications of women, Black, Latino, and Asian shoppers as \"likely\" shoplifters. The FTC settlement prohibits Rite Aid from using this technology in stores for five years.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rite Aid 面部识别系统将少数族裔购物者错误地识别为小偷", "description_zh": "Rite Aid 在 2012 年 10 月至 2020 年 7 月期间使用了面部识别技术，据称导致女性、黑人、拉丁裔和亚洲购物者被错误地误认为“可能”是商店扒手。联邦贸易委员会和解协议禁止 Rite Aid 在商店中使用这项技术五年。" }, { "date": "2021-10-11", "title": "A Robot at a Tesla Factory in Texas Allegedly Injured an Engineer", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/620/", "description": "A Tesla manufacturing robot at the Giga Texas factory is reported to have malfunctioned, injuring an engineer. The robot, which was designed for handling car parts, is described as having caused a significant open wound in the engineer. This incident occurred in the context of broader safety concern", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州特斯拉工厂的机器人据称伤害了一名工程师", "description_zh": "据报道，特斯拉德克萨斯州工厂的一台制造机器人发生故障，导致一名工程师受伤。该机器人专为搬运汽车零件而设计，据称对工程师造成了严重的开放性伤口。该事件是在更广泛的安全关注背景下发生的" }, { "date": "2023-10-11", "title": "Microsoft AI Is Alleged to Have Generated Violent Imagery of Minorities and Public Figures", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/621/", "description": "Microsoft’s AI Image Creator, integrated with Bing and Windows Paint, produced disturbingly violent and graphic images featuring members of minority groups and public figures like Joe Biden and Pope Francis.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软人工智能被指生成了少数族裔和公众人物的暴力图像", "description_zh": "微软的 AI Image Creator 与 Bing 和 Windows Paint 集成，生成了令人不安的暴力和图形图像，其中包括少数群体成员以及乔·拜登和教皇弗朗西斯等公众人物。" }, { "date": "2023-12-18", "title": "Chevrolet Dealer Chatbot Agrees to Sell Tahoe for $1", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/622/", "description": "A Chevrolet dealer's AI chatbot, powered by ChatGPT, humorously agreed to sell a 2024 Chevy Tahoe for just $1, following a user's crafted prompt. The chatbot's response, \"That's a deal, and that's a legally binding offer – no takesies backsies,\" was the result of the user manipulating the chatbot's", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "雪佛兰经销商聊天机器人同意以 1 美元出售 Tahoe", "description_zh": "一位雪佛兰经销商的人工智能聊天机器人由 ChatGPT 提供支持，在用户精心设计的提示后，幽默地同意以 1 美元的价格出售一辆 2024 款雪佛兰 Tahoe。聊天机器人的回应是“这是一笔交易，这是一个具有法律约束力的提议——没有任何后顾之忧”，这是用户操纵聊天机器人的结果" }, { "date": "2023-12-12", "title": "Google Bard Allegedly Generated Fake Legal Citations in Michael Cohen Case", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/623/", "description": "Michael Cohen, former lawyer for Donald Trump, claims to have used Google Bard, an AI chatbot, to generate legal case citations. These false citations were unknowingly included in a court motion by Cohen's attorney, David M. Schwartz. The AI's misuse highlights emerging risks in legal technology, as", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌巴德涉嫌在迈克尔·科恩案中生成虚假法律引文", "description_zh": "唐纳德·特朗普 (Donald Trump) 的前律师迈克尔·科恩 (Michael Cohen) 声称曾使用人工智能聊天机器人 Google Bard 来生成法律案件引文。科恩的律师大卫·M·施瓦茨 (David M. Schwartz) 在不知不觉中将这些虚假引文纳入了法庭动议中。人工智能的滥用凸显了法律技术中新出现的风险，因为" }, { "date": "2024-12-01", "title": "Proliferation of Products on Amazon Titled with ChatGPT Error Messages", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/625/", "description": "Products named after ChatGPT error messages are proliferating on Amazon, such as lawn chairs and religious texts. These names, often resembling AI-generated errors, indicate a lack of editing and undermine the sense of authenticity and reliability of product listings.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊上带有 ChatGPT 错误消息的产品激增", "description_zh": "以 ChatGPT 错误消息命名的产品在亚马逊上激增，例如草坪椅和宗教文本。这些名称通常类似于人工智能生成的错误，表明缺乏编辑，并破坏了产品列表的真实性和可靠性。" }, { "date": "2023-12-26", "title": "Social Media Scammers Used Deepfakes of Taylor Swift and Several Other Celebrities in Fraudulent Le Creuset Cookware Giveaways", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/626/", "description": "Scammers reportedly made deepfakes of Taylor Swift, Selena Gomez, Joanna Gaines, Lainey Wilson, Ree Drummond, Oprah, Jennifer Lopez, Trisha Yearwood, Martha Stewart, and Blake Shelton promoting a Le Creuset giveaway. These AI-generated ads, appearing on Meta and TikTok, falsely claimed users could r", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体诈骗者使用泰勒·斯威夫特和其他几位名人的 Deepfake 进行 Le Creuset 炊具赠品欺诈", "description_zh": "据报道，诈骗者利用 Taylor Swift、Selena Gomez、Joanna Gaines、Lainey Wilson、Ree Drummond、Oprah、Jennifer Lopez、Trisha Yearwood、Martha Stewart 和 Blake Shelton 的 Deepfake 宣传 Le Creuset 赠品。这些人工智能生成的广告出现在 Meta 和 TikTok 上，错误地声称用户可以" }, { "date": "2024-09-01", "title": "Unauthorized AI Impersonation of George Carlin Used in Comedy Special", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/627/", "description": "An AI-generated comedy special impersonating the late comedian George Carlin was created without consent from Carlin's estate. The special featured an AI mimicking Carlin's voice and style. The project, led by the AI comedy channel Dudesy, drew criticism for disrespecting Carlin's legacy and autonom", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "未经授权的人工智能模仿乔治·卡林用于喜剧特辑", "description_zh": "一部模仿已故喜剧演员乔治·卡林的人工智能生成的喜剧特别节目是在未经卡林遗产管理委员会同意的情况下制作的。该特辑的特色是人工智能模仿卡林的声音和风格。该项目由人工智能喜剧频道 Dudesy 主导，因不尊重卡林的遗产和自主权而受到批评" }, { "date": "2024-01-21", "title": "Fake Biden Voice in Robocall Misleads New Hampshire Democratic Voters in 2024 Primary Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/628/", "description": "A robocall imitating President Biden's voice urged New Hampshire Democrats to skip the 2024 primary, falsely claiming their votes mattered more in November. Investigators with the New Hampshire Attorney General's Office, along with other state AGs, the Industry Traceback Group, and the FCC determine", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Robocall 中的假拜登声音在 2024 年初选中误导新罕布什尔州民主党选民", "description_zh": "一个模仿拜登总统声音的机器人电话敦促新罕布什尔州民主党人跳过 2024 年初选，错误地声称他们的选票在 11 月更重要。新罕布什尔州总检察长办公室以及其他州总检察长、行业追溯小组和 FCC 的调查人员确定" }, { "date": "2023-11-07", "title": "Shein Accused of AI-Driven Art Theft on Merchandise", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/629/", "description": "Artists Krista Perry, Larissa Martinez, and Jay Baron filed a lawsuit against Shein, alleging the company used AI to replicate their art on merchandise. The artists claim Shein's algorithm identifies trending online art, creating near-identical copies for their products without credit or compensatio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Shein 被指控利用人工智能驱动的艺术品盗窃商品", "description_zh": "艺术家 Krista Perry、Larissa Martinez 和 Jay Baron 对 Shein 提起诉讼，指控该公司使用人工智能在商品上复制他们的艺术作品。艺术家声称 Shein 的算法可以识别流行的在线艺术，为他们的产品创建几乎相同的副本，而无需信用或补偿" }, { "date": "2022-01-22", "title": "Alleged Macy's Facial Recognition Error Leads to Wrongful Arrest and Subsequent Sexual Assault in Jail", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/630/", "description": "Harvey Murphy Jr. was wrongfully accused of robbing a Sunglass Hut due to an alleged misidentification by the facial recognition system operated by Macy's. While in custody for ten days, he was sexually assaulted. He is now suing Macy's, EssilorLuxottica (Sunglass Hut's parent), and others, for $10", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称梅西百货面部识别错误导致错误逮捕以及随后在监狱中的性侵犯", "description_zh": "小哈维·墨菲 (Harvey Murphy Jr.) 因梅西百货 (Macy's) 运营的面部识别系统被误认而被错误指控抢劫太阳眼镜小屋 (Sunglass Hut)。在被拘留十天期间，他遭到性侵犯。他现在起诉梅西百货、EssilorLuxottica（Sunglass Hut 的母公司）和其他公司，索赔 10 美元" }, { "date": "2024-01-18", "title": "Chatbot for DPD Malfunctioned and Swore at Customers and Criticized Its Own Company", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/631/", "description": "DPD's AI chatbot, used for customer service, appeared to malfunction following a system update, leading to inappropriate responses including swearing and criticizing the company. The incident, which became viral on social media, occurred after the chatbot was updated, prompting DPD to disable the m", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DPD 聊天机器人出现故障，辱骂客户并批评自己的公司", "description_zh": "DPD 用于客户服务的人工智能聊天机器人在系统更新后似乎出现故障，导致出现咒骂和批评公司等不当反应。该事件在社交媒体上疯传，发生在聊天机器人更新后，促使 DPD 禁用该聊天机器人。" }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "Significant Increase in Deepfake Nudes of Taylor Swift Circulating on Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/632/", "description": "AI-generated sexually explicit images of Taylor Swift circulated on X, garnering over 45 million views before removal. Originating from a Telegram group, these deepfakes challenge content moderation, as X's policies against synthetic media and nonconsensual nudity were violated.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体上流传的泰勒·斯威夫特 (Taylor Swift) 的 Deepfake 裸照大幅增加", "description_zh": "AI 生成的泰勒·斯威夫特 (Taylor Swift) 的露骨色情图片在 X 上流传，在被删除之前获得了超过 4500 万次浏览。这些深度伪造品源自 Telegram 群组，挑战内容审核，因为违反了 X 针对合成媒体和未经同意的裸体的政策。" }, { "date": "2024-01-28", "title": "Nine Network's AI Alters Lawmaker Georgie Purcell's Image Inappropriately", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/633/", "description": "The Nine Network used Photoshop's Generative Expand AI tool to resize an image of lawmaker Georgie Purcell, inadvertently altering her attire to appear more revealing. This error, claimed to result from the AI's automation, led to public criticism and an apology from the network.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "九号台的人工智能不恰当地改变了立法者乔吉·珀塞尔的形象", "description_zh": "九号台使用 Photoshop 的 Generative Expand AI 工具调整了议员 Georgie Purcell 的图像大小，无意中改变了她的着装，使其显得更加暴露。这一错误据称是由人工智能的自动化造成的，引发了公众的批评和网络的道歉。" }, { "date": "2024-02-02", "title": "Alleged Deepfake CFO Scam Reportedly Costs Multinational Engineering Firm Arup $25 Million", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/634/", "description": "A finance employee at the multinational engineering firm Arup was reportedly deceived into transferring $25 million by fraudsters using purported deepfake technology to impersonate the firm's CFO in a video call, according to the Hong Kong police.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，跨国工程公司奥雅纳 (Arup) 因 Deepfake CFO 诈骗而损失 2500 万美元", "description_zh": "据香港警方称，跨国工程公司奥雅纳 (Arup) 的一名财务员工据称被诈骗者利用所谓的 Deepfake 技术在视频通话中冒充该公司首席财务官，骗取了 2500 万美元的资金。" }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "title": "AI-Generated Fake News Targets Black Celebrities on YouTube", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/635/", "description": "YouTube faced a surge of AI-generated fake news targeting Black celebrities, including fake narratives about Sean “Diddy” Combs and others. These videos, blending AI-generated and manipulated media, amassed millions of views, challenging content moderation efforts and highlighting the spread of disi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 生成的假新闻针对 YouTube 上的黑人名人", "description_zh": "YouTube 面临着人工智能生成的针对黑人名人的虚假新闻激增，其中包括有关肖恩·“迪迪”·库姆斯 (Sean “Diddy” Combs) 等人的虚假叙述。这些视频融合了人工智能生成和操纵的媒体，积累了数百万次观看次数，对内容审核工作提出了挑战，并凸显了DISI的传播" }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "title": "AI Romance Apps Reportedly Compromise User Privacy for Data Harvesting", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/636/", "description": "AI-powered romantic chatbots, marketed for enhancing mental health, are found to exploit user privacy by harvesting sensitive personal information for data sharing and targeted ads, with inadequate security measures and consent protocols, according to research by the Mozilla Foundation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能浪漫应用程序会损害用户隐私以收集数据", "description_zh": "Mozilla 基金会的研究显示，以增强心理健康为目的的人工智能浪漫聊天机器人被发现通过收集敏感个人信息用于数据共享和定向广告来利用用户隐私，而安全措施和同意协议不足。" }, { "date": "2024-01-31", "title": "Gunshot Detection Technology ShotSpotter (now SoundThinking) Reportedly Only Has 47% Accuracy in Chicago System", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/637/", "description": "SoundThinking's (formerly ShotSpotter's) system in Chicago, with a reported 47% accuracy rate for detecting actual gunshots, led to potential public safety risks by failing to alert police to real shootings, possibly delaying emergency response to violent incidents and misdirecting law enforcement r", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，枪击检测技术 ShotSpotter（现为 SoundThinking）在芝加哥系统中的准确率仅为 47%", "description_zh": "据报道，位于芝加哥的 SoundThinking（前身为 ShotSpotter）系统检测实际枪声的准确率为 47%，该系统未能向警方发出真实枪击事件的警报，可能会延迟对暴力事件的紧急响应，并误导执法人员，从而导致潜在的公共安全风险。" }, { "date": "2022-05-16", "title": "Fatal Crash Involving Tesla Full Self-Driving Claims Employee's Life", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/638/", "description": "A Tesla employee, Hans von Ohain, was killed in a crash while allegedly using the Full Self-Driving feature. The car failed to navigate mountain curves, leading to a fatal collision, possibly making von Ohain the first known fatality of the Full Self-Driving feature.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特斯拉全自动驾驶致命车祸夺走了员工的生命", "description_zh": "特斯拉员工汉斯·冯·奥海恩 (Hans von Ohain) 据称在使用全自动驾驶功能时发生车祸身亡。该车未能在山地弯道上行驶，导致致命碰撞，这可能使冯·奥海恩成为第一个因全自动驾驶功能而死亡的人。" }, { "date": "2022-11-11", "title": "Air Canada Chatbot Reportedly Provides Inaccurate Bereavement Fare Information, Leading to Customer Overpayment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/639/", "description": "A Canadian small claims tribunal reportedly ordered Air Canada to pay $812.02 in damages and court fees after its website chatbot allegedly provided inaccurate information about bereavement fare eligibility, leading a customer to overpay for flights. The tribunal reportedly found the airline respons", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，加拿大航空聊天机器人提供不准确的丧亲票价信息，导致客户多付费用", "description_zh": "据报道，加拿大小额索赔法庭命令加拿大航空支付 812.02 加元的损害赔偿金和法庭费用，因为该公司的网站聊天机器人据称提供了有关丧亲票价资格的不准确信息，导致客户多付了机票费用。据报道，仲裁庭发现航空公司做出了回应" }, { "date": "2023-11-12", "title": "Waymo Software Flaw Reportedly Leads to Double Collision with Tow Truck", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/640/", "description": "Two Waymo autonomous vehicles reportedly hit the same tow truck under unusual towing conditions due to a software misinterpretation in Phoenix, Arizona. Waymo reportedly issued a software recall and updated its fleet to prevent future such incidents.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Waymo 软件缺陷导致与拖车两次相撞", "description_zh": "据报道，在亚利桑那州凤凰城，由于软件误读，两辆 Waymo 自动驾驶汽车在不寻常的牵引条件下撞上了同一辆拖车。据报道，Waymo 发布了软件召回并更新了其车队，以防止未来发生此类事件。" }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Nonconsensual Deepfake Porn of Bobbi Althoff Spreads Rapidly on X", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/641/", "description": "Nonconsensual deepfake pornography of Bobbi Althoff, which had been in circulation for six months, is reported to have suddenly gone viral on X, jumping from around 178,000 views to 6.5 million views over a matter of hours. In addition to the harm to Althoff, this incident also spotlights X's role i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Bobbi Althoff 的非自愿 Deepfake 色情内容在 X 上迅速传播", "description_zh": "据报道，未经同意的 Bobbi Althoff 深度伪造色情内容已经流通了六个月，突然在 X 上疯传，在几个小时内浏览量从约 178,000 次跃升至 650 万次。除了对Althoff的伤害之外，这起事件还凸显了X在" }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "ChatGPT Glitch Disrupts User Interactions with Nonsensical Outputs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/642/", "description": "ChatGPT experienced a bug causing it to produce unexpected and nonsensical responses, leading to widespread reports of user confusion and concern. OpenAI identified and fixed the language processing bug, restoring normal service.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 故障通过无意义的输出扰乱用户交互", "description_zh": "ChatGPT 遇到了一个错误，导致它产生意外且无意义的响应，导致用户感到困惑和担忧的广泛报告。 OpenAI 识别并修复了语言处理错误，恢复了正常服务。" }, { "date": "2024-02-13", "title": "Purported Deepfake Video Allegedly Claims Kyiv's Assassination Plan Against President Emmanuel Macron", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/643/", "description": "A purported deepfake video reportedly claimed France 24 reported a Kyiv plot to assassinate French President Macron. This reported fake news was debunked by France 24, which confirmed the video was altered and did not air any such report.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，深伪视频声称基辅对总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙实施暗杀计划", "description_zh": "据报道，一段据称是深度伪造的视频声称《法国 24 小时》报道了基辅刺杀法国总统马克龙的阴谋。这条报道的假新闻被《法国 24 台》揭穿，该频道证实该视频被篡改，并且没有播出任何此类报道。" }, { "date": "2024-02-18", "title": "Alleged State-Sponsored Hackers Escalate Purported Phishing Attacks Using Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/644/", "description": "State-sponsored hackers from North Korea, Iran, Russia, and China are reportedly leveraging artificial intelligence to conduct sophisticated phishing and social engineering attacks. They target global defense, cybersecurity, and cryptocurrency sectors, aiming to steal sensitive information and, in t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌国家支持的黑客利用人工智能升级所谓的网络钓鱼攻击", "description_zh": "据报道，来自朝鲜、伊朗、俄罗斯和中国的国家资助的黑客正在利用人工智能进行复杂的网络钓鱼和社会工程攻击。他们瞄准全球国防、网络安全和加密货币领域，旨在窃取敏感信息，并" }, { "date": "2024-02-21", "title": "Seeming Pattern of Gemini Bias and Sociotechnical Training Failures Harm Google's Reputation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/645/", "description": "Google's Gemini chatbot faced many reported bias issues upon release, leading to a variety of problematic outputs like racial inaccuracies and political biases, including regarding Chinese and Indian politics. It also reportedly over-corrected racial diversity in historical contexts and advanced con", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "双子座偏见和社会技术培训失败的表面模式损害了谷歌的声誉", "description_zh": "谷歌的 Gemini 聊天机器人在发布后面临许多报道的偏见问题，导致出现各种有问题的输出，例如种族不准确和政治偏见，包括有关中国和印度政治的偏见。据报道，它还过度纠正了历史背景下的种族多样性并推进了骗局" }, { "date": "2024-02-22", "title": "Snapchat's Algorithm Alleged to Link Minor with Sex Offenders", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/646/", "description": "A judge ruled Snapchat not liable under Section 230 after its algorithm connected a minor with convicted sex offenders on multiple occasions, leading to sexual assaults first in 2019 and again in 2021. The platform's \"Quick Add\" feature was implicated in facilitating the connections between the mino", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Snapchat 的算法被指将未成年人与性犯罪者联系起来", "description_zh": "法官根据第 230 条裁定 Snapchat 不承担责任，因为其算法多次将未成年人与被定罪的性犯罪者联系起来，导致 2019 年首次发生性侵犯，并在 2021 年再次发生性侵犯事件。该平台的“快速添加”功能涉嫌促进未成年人之间的联系" }, { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "A Self-Driving Waymo Robotaxi Reportedly Collided with a Bicyclist", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/647/", "description": "A Waymo robotaxi in San Francisco reportedly failed to detect a cyclist obscured by a truck, resulting in a collision with minor injuries, at 17th and Mississippi Streets in Potrero Hill. The incident reportedly demonstrated a vulnerability in autonomous vehicles' ability to safely navigate complex", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，一辆自动驾驶 Waymo Robotaxi 与一名骑自行车的人相撞", "description_zh": "据报道，旧金山的一辆 Waymo 机器人出租车未能检测到被卡车遮挡的骑车人，导致在波特雷罗山第 17 街和密西西比街发生碰撞，造成轻伤。据报道，该事件表明自动驾驶汽车安全导航复杂环境的能力存在漏洞" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "title": "Alleged Deepfake Audio of Imran Khan Calls for Election Boycott, Misleading Pakistan Voters", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/648/", "description": "A purported deepfake audio clip, falsely attributed to Imran Khan urging a PTI (Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf) election boycott, circulated on social media on the eve of Pakistan's general elections. This sophisticated AI-generated misinformation aimed to mislead voters, highlighting the growing challeng", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称伊姆兰·汗的 Deepfake 音频呼吁抵制选举，误导巴基斯坦选民", "description_zh": "巴基斯坦大选前夕，一段据称是伊姆兰·汗 (Imran Khan) 敦促抵制选举的深度造假音频片段在社交媒体上流传。这种复杂的人工智能生成的错误信息旨在误导选民，凸显了日益严峻的挑战" }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "title": "Deepfake Audio Falsely Attributes Controversial Remarks to Keir Starmer About the Rochdale Azhar Ali Crisis", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/649/", "description": "A deepfake audio clip, falsely claiming to be Keir Starmer discussing the Rochdale byelection and Labour's withdrawl of support for Azhar Ali, circulated online, achieving over 250,000 views. Experts confirmed its inauthenticity, highlighting a significant misuse of AI in fabricating political conte", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake Audio 错误地将有关罗奇代尔·爱资哈尔·阿里危机的争议言论归咎于凯尔·斯塔默 (Keir Starmer)", "description_zh": "一段假冒为凯尔·斯塔默 (Keir Starmer) 讨论罗奇代尔补选和工党撤回对爱资哈尔·阿里 (Azhar Ali) 的支持的深度造假音频片段在网上流传，观看次数超过 25 万次。专家证实其不真实，凸显人工智能在编造政治故事中的严重滥用" }, { "date": "2024-04-03", "title": "AI-Generated Images of Trump with Black Voters Spread as Disinformation Before U.S. Primary Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/650/", "description": "In the run-up to the U.S. primary elections, supporters of Donald Trump shared AI-generated images showing him with Black voters in an attempt to sway African-American votes. These deepfakes, including Trump's distorted hand visuals, were initially created by satirical accounts but were later misapp", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的特朗普与黑人选民的图像在美国初选前作为虚假信息传播", "description_zh": "在美国初选前夕，唐纳德·特朗普的支持者分享了人工智能生成的图像，显​​示他与黑人选民在一起，试图影响非裔美国人的选票。这些深度造假，包括特朗普扭曲的手部视觉效果，最初是由讽刺账户创建的，但后来被误用" }, { "date": "2023-06-12", "title": "Students at a Beverly Hills Middle School Allegedly Created and Shared Deepfake Nudes of Their Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/651/", "description": "At Beverly Vista Middle School in Beverly Hills, California, students allegedly used AI to generate fake nude photos with their classmates' faces, prompting investigations by school officials and the police. The incident highlights the increasing misuse of generative AI among minors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "比佛利山庄一所中学的学生据称制作并分享了同学的 Deepfake 裸体照片", "description_zh": "在加利福尼亚州比佛利山庄的比佛利维斯塔中学，学生据称使用人工智能用同学的脸生成虚假的裸照，促使学校官员和警方展开调查。该事件突显了未成年人滥用生成式人工智能的现象日益增多。" }, { "date": "2023-06-12", "title": "Two Florida Middle School Students Arrested Under New Law for Allegedly Having Made and Shared Deepfake Nudes of Their Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/652/", "description": "Two teenaged boys from Miami, Florida, were arrested for allegedly creating and sharing AI-generated nude images of their classmates. Charged under a 2022 Florida law, they face third-degree felonies for producing and disseminating altered sexual depictions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州两名中学生因涉嫌制作并分享同学的 Deepfake 裸照而根据新法律被捕", "description_zh": "来自佛罗里达州迈阿密的两名十几岁男孩因涉嫌制作和分享人工智能生成的同学裸照而被捕。根据 2022 年佛罗里达州法律，他们因制作和传播改变的性描述而面临三级重罪。" }, { "date": "2019-01-01", "title": "Two Investment Firms Charged with Making False Claims of Artificial Intelligence Capabilities in Case of AI Washing", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/653/", "description": "In a case of AI washing, the SEC charged two investment advisers, Delphia and Global Predictions, for falsely stating their use of artificial intelligence in their investment strategies between 2019 and 2023. Their misleading claims resulted in a settlement whereby the firms agreed to pay a total of", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "两家投资公司因人工智能洗牌案被控虚假宣传人工智能能力", "description_zh": "在人工智能洗牌案中，美国证券交易委员会指控两家投资顾问公司 Delphia 和 Global Predictions 虚假陈述他们在 2019 年至 2023 年间的投资策略中使用了人工智能。他们的误导性主张最终达成和解，两家公司同意支付总计" }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "title": "Microsoft Copilot Designer Reportedly Generated Inappropriate AI Images", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/654/", "description": "A Microsoft engineer reported that Copilot Designer, an AI image generator, creates content depicting sex, violence, bias, and more. Despite raising concerns and suggesting improvements, the tool remains public, prompting a letter to the FTC.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，微软 Copilot Designer 生成了不恰当的 AI 图像", "description_zh": "一位微软工程师报告称，Copilot Designer（一款人工智能图像生成器）可以创建描绘性、暴力、偏见等的内容。尽管引起了担忧并提出了改进建议，但该工具仍然是公开的，因此致函联邦贸易委员会。" }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "Scams Reportedly Impersonating Wealthy Investors Proliferating on Facebook", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/655/", "description": "Scams are reportedly proliferating throughout Facebook impersonating wealthy individuals such as Bill Ackman, Cathie Wood, Steve Cohen, Peter Lynch, and Ray Dalio. In some cases, it seems deepfake technology is being employed, while simultaneously Facebook's own AI systems are allegedly faltering in", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 上冒充富裕投资者的诈骗活动激增", "description_zh": "据报道，Facebook 上冒充 Bill Ackman、Cathie Wood、Steve Cohen、Peter Lynch 和 Ray Dalio 等富人的诈骗活动激增。在某些情况下，似乎正在使用 Deepfake 技术，而与此同时，Facebook 自己的人工智能系统据称却步履蹒跚。" }, { "date": "2024-03-23", "title": "Purported Deepfake Disinformation Aired on Russian State TV Allegedly Linking Ukraine to Moscow Attack", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/656/", "description": "Russian state television reportedly aired a fabricated video that appeared to imitate senior Ukrainian security officials and present a false admission of involvement in the Crocus City Hall massacre. The clip reportedly used elements from recent interviews combined with allegedly AI-generated audio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯国家电视台播出涉嫌将乌克兰与莫斯科袭击事件联系起来的深度造假虚假信息", "description_zh": "据报道，俄罗斯国家电视台播放了一段伪造的视频，该视频似乎模仿乌克兰高级安全官员，并错误地承认参与了克洛库斯市政厅大屠杀。据报道，该剪辑使用了最近采访的元素以及据称由人工智能生成的音频" }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "title": "ChatGPT Account Compromise Leads to Unintended Data Exposure", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/657/", "description": "A security breach involving ChatGPT led to the exposure of sensitive conversations, including login credentials and personal data, after a user account was compromised. OpenAI responded to the incident with an explanation.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 帐户泄露导致意外数据泄露", "description_zh": "用户帐户被盗后，涉及 ChatGPT 的安全漏洞导致敏感对话的暴露，包括登录凭据和个人数据。 OpenAI 针对此事做出了回应并做出了解释。" }, { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "The Arizona Agenda Produced a Deepfake of Kari Lake Advocating for the Publication Without Her Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/658/", "description": "The Arizona Agenda produced a deepfake video of Republican Senate candidate Kari Lake giving a testimonial about the publication with the seeming intention of educating the general public about the dangers of deepfakes in the coming election cycle. However, the Arizona Agenda appears not to have sou", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《亚利桑那议程》制作了卡里·莱克 (Kari Lake) 的 Deepfake，主张在未经她同意的情况下发表该文章", "description_zh": "《亚利桑那议程》制作了一段共和党参议院候选人卡里·莱克 (Kari Lake) 的深度造假视频，对该出版物发表了感言，其目的似乎是教育公众了解深度造假在即将到来的选举周期中的危险。然而，《亚利桑那议程》似乎没有任何进展。" }, { "date": "2023-07-10", "title": "Mass Facial Recognition Program in Gaza Reportedly Used by Israeli Forces to Identify Palestinians", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/659/", "description": "A previously undisclosed facial recognition initiative operated by Israeli military intelligence units was reportedly deployed across Gaza after the October 7, 2023 attacks. According to multiple intelligence officers, the program uses Corsight technology alongside Google Photos to identify individu", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，以色列军队在加沙使用大规模面部识别计划来识别巴勒斯坦人", "description_zh": "据报道，2023 年 10 月 7 日袭击发生后，以色列军事情报部门在加沙各地部署了一项此前未公开的面部识别计划。据多位情报官员称，该计划使用 Corsight 技术和 Google Photos 来识别个人身份" }, { "date": "2024-03-21", "title": "Investigation Reports Unauthorized Deepfake Pornography Harms Thousands of Celebrities", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/660/", "description": "A Channel 4 News investigation alleges that nearly 4,000 celebrities globally, including 255 British figures, were victims of deepfake pornography. Faces were superimposed onto explicit content using AI, with the top deepfake sites garnering 100 million views in three months, according to their find", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "调查报告未经授权的 Deepfake 色情内容伤害了数千名名人", "description_zh": "Channel 4 News 的一项调查称，全球近 4,000 名名人，其中包括 255 名英国名人，是深度伪造色情内容的受害者。他们的发现显示，利用人工智能将人脸叠加到露骨的内容上，顶级的深度造假网站在三个月内获得了 1 亿次浏览量" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "Leonardo AI's Platform Alleged to Have Been Used for Creating Nonconsensual Celebrity Deepfakes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/661/", "description": "Sydney-based startup Leonardo AI's text-to-image generator was alleged to have been exploited to create nonconsensual sexual images of celebrities, bypassing content moderation systems with user-shared prompts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Leonardo AI 平台据称被用于创建未经同意的名人 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "总部位于悉尼的初创公司 Leonardo AI 的文本到图像生成器据称被用来创建未经同意的名人性图像，通过用户共享提示绕过内容审核系统。" }, { "date": "2024-05-04", "title": "China Reportedly Intensifying AI to Spread Disinformation to U.S. and Taiwanese Voters", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/663/", "description": "AI tools linked to China were used to disseminate disinformation targeting voters in the U.S. and Taiwan, according to a Microsoft report. These operations included AI-generated imagery and audio to influence political perceptions and election outcomes, originating from the APT Storm-1376 (also know", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，中国加强人工智能向美国和台湾选民传播虚假信息", "description_zh": "根据微软的一份报告，与中国相关的人工智能工具被用来传播针对美国和台湾选民的虚假信息。这些操作包括人工智能生成的图像和音频，以影响政治观念和选举结果，源自 APT Storm-1376（也称为 APT Storm-1376）" }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Deepfake Generated by the Lincoln Project of Trump's Father Used in Political Attack Ad", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/664/", "description": "The Lincoln Project used AI to create a deepfake video of Donald Trump's deceased father criticizing him. Although they made it clear that the video was a deepfake, the deeply personal nature of the attack represents a corrosive use of artificial intelligence in undermining democratic norms during a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特朗普父亲的林肯项目生成的 Deepfake 用于政治攻击广告", "description_zh": "林肯计划使用人工智能制作了唐纳德·特朗普已故父亲批评他的深度伪造视频。尽管他们明确表示该视频是深度伪造的，但这次攻击的深度个人性质代表了人工智能在破坏民主规范方面的腐蚀性用途。" }, { "date": "2024-02-04", "title": "Facial Recognition Misidentification at New World Westend in New Zealand", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/665/", "description": "A facial recognition system at New World Westend supermarket misidentified a Māori woman as a known offender during its trial. The woman was wrongfully accused of trespassing and experienced public embarrassment, raising concerns about racial bias and the technology's accuracy. The supermarket ackno", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新西兰新世界西区人脸识别误认事件", "description_zh": "新世界西区超市的面部识别系统在审判过程中将一名毛利妇女误认为是已知罪犯。这名女子被错误地指控非法侵入，并经历了公众的尴尬，引发了人们对种族偏见和技术准确性的担忧。超市承认" }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "Presidency of Moldova Reportedly Refutes Purported Deepfake Video Slandering President Maia Sandu", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/666/", "description": "A deepfake video reportedly depicting President Maia Sandu's image and voice was released in Moldova, allegedly portraying her in a negative light to sow division and undermine democratic institutions. This video reportedly appeared on Telegram and was linked to Russian disinformation efforts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，摩尔多瓦总统驳斥了涉嫌深度伪造视频诽谤总统马亚·桑杜的说法", "description_zh": "据报道，一段描绘总统马亚·桑杜形象和声音的深度伪造视频在摩尔多瓦发布，据称以负面形象描绘她，以散布分裂和破坏民主机构。据报道，该视频出现在 Telegram 上，并与俄罗斯的虚假信息活动有关。" }, { "date": "2023-12-16", "title": "Manipulated Deepfake Video of Lai Ching-te Endorsing Rivals in Lead-up to January Presidential Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/667/", "description": "In the lead-up to Taiwan's presidential election in January 2024, a deepfake video circulated showing candidate Lai Ching-te endorsing his rivals. Taiwanese intelligence issued warnings of intensified Chinese disinformation campaigns, such as Spamouflage, aimed at manipulating the election outcome.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "赖清德在 1 月份总统选举前支持竞争对手的经过操纵的 Deepfake 视频", "description_zh": "在 2024 年 1 月台湾总统选举前夕，一段 Deepfake 视频流传，显示候选人赖清德支持他的竞争对手。台湾情报部门警告中国加强虚假信息宣传活动，例如旨在操纵选举结果的“Spamouflage”活动。" }, { "date": "2023-12-27", "title": "Proliferation of Deepfakes Disrupting 2024 Lok Sabha Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/668/", "description": "Digital manipulators in India are using deepfake technology to influence the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. These AI-generated videos and audio clips are designed to tarnish the reputations of political candidates, challenging the integrity of electoral processes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 的扩散扰乱了 2024 年人民院选举", "description_zh": "印度的数字操纵者正在使用 Deepfake 技术来影响 2024 年人民院选举。这些人工智能生成的视频和音频剪辑旨在玷污政治候选人的声誉，挑战选举过程的完整性。" }, { "date": "2024-11-02", "title": "Deepfake of Long-Deceased Suharto Circulating in Run-up to February 2024 Indonesian Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/669/", "description": "An AI-generated deepfake of Suharto, the deceased Indonesian dictator, was generated and circulated by the Golkar Party ahead of the February 2024 Indonesian elections. This video, which aimed to influence voter perceptions by invoking Suharto's legacy, sought to manipulate public opinion and misuse", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "已故苏哈托的 Deepfake 在 2024 年 2 月印度尼西亚大选前夕流传", "description_zh": "已故印度尼西亚独裁者苏哈托的人工智能生成的深度伪造品是由专业党在 2024 年 2 月印度尼西亚选举之前生成并传播的。该视频旨在通过援引苏哈托的遗产来影响选民的看法，试图操纵公众舆论和滥用" }, { "date": "2024-01-23", "title": "Deepfakes of Deceased Indian Politicians for Election Campaigning Are Increasingly Being Deployed", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/670/", "description": "In the lead-up to India's 2024 general elections, AI technology was used to create deepfake videos of deceased politicians, such as M. Karunanidhi and J. Jayalalithaa, aiming to influence voter behavior and campaign strategies. These AI-generated appearances are contributing to the erosion of trust", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "已故印度政客的 Deepfake 越来越多地用于竞选活动", "description_zh": "在印度 2024 年大选之前，人工智能技术被用来制作 M. Karunanidhi 和 J. Jayalalithaa 等已故政客的深度伪造视频，旨在影响选民行为和竞选策略。这些人工智能生成的外观正在导致信任的侵蚀" }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "Many Purported Political Deepfakes Reportedly Circulating in Run-up to 2024 Pakistani General Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/671/", "description": "During Pakistan's 2024 general elections, purportedly AI-generated deepfakes of a politically motivated nature were circulated. These deepfakes reportedly portrayed political figures in misleading contexts, spreading misinformation and aiming to influence voter perceptions and election outcomes.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，许多所谓的政治深度假货在 2024 年巴基斯坦大选前夕流传", "description_zh": "在巴基斯坦 2024 年大选期间，据称由人工智能生成的具有政治动机的深度伪造内容被传播。据报道，这些深度造假在误导性的背景下描绘了政治人物，传播错误信息，旨在影响选民的看法和选举结果。" }, { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "'Lavender' and 'The Gospel' AI Systems Reportedly Used in Gaza Targeting Operations with Civilian Harm Allegations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/672/", "description": "The AI system known as \"Lavender\" was reportedly used by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) to assist in identifying individuals in Gaza for targeting, while a related system, \"The Gospel,\" was reportedly used to help select and prioritize physical strike targets. Investigations reportedly suggest that", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，“薰衣草”和“福音”人工智能系统在加沙使用，针对平民伤害指控的行动", "description_zh": "据报道，以色列国防军（IDF）使用名为“Lavender”的人工智能系统来协助识别加沙地带的个人作为攻击目标，而相关系统“The Gospel”据报道被用来帮助选择和确定物理打击目标的优先顺序。据报道，调查表明" }, { "date": "2024-02-19", "title": "Deepfakes Circulating and Eroding Electoral Integrity in the Lead-up to 2024 South Korean legislative election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/673/", "description": "In the lead-up to Korea's parliamentary elections, at least 129 deepfake videos and images were reported to have been detected, violating new election laws. These AI-generated deepfakes were used to mislead and manipulate public opinion, prompting a crackdown by the National Election Commission.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年韩国立法选举前夕，深度假货传播并侵蚀选举诚信", "description_zh": "据报道，在韩国议会选举前夕，检测到至少 129 个深度造假视频和图像，违反了新的选举法。这些人工智能生成的深度造假被用来误导和操纵舆论，引发了国家选举委员会的打击。" }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "Manipulated Media via AI Disinformation and Deepfakes in 2024 Elections Erode Trust Across More Than 50 Countries", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/674/", "description": "AI-driven election disinformation is escalating globally, leveraging easy-to-use generative AI tools to create convincing deepfakes that mislead voters. This shift has simplified the process for individuals to generate fake content, having already eroded trust in elections by undermining public trus", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年选举中通过人工智能虚假信息和 Deepfakes 操纵的媒体侵蚀了 50 多个国家的信任", "description_zh": "人工智能驱动的选举虚假信息正在全球范围内升级，利用易于使用的生成式人工智能工具来创建令人信服的深度伪造信息，从而误导选民。这种转变简化了个人生成虚假内容的过程，因为破坏了公共信任，从而削弱了人们对选举的信任" }, { "date": "2024-01-15", "title": "High School Athletic Director in Baltimore County Allegedly Created Racist Deepfake Audio Impersonating Principal", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/675/", "description": "Dazhon Darien, former athletic director at Pikesville High School in Baltimore, allegedly used AI to create a purported deepfake audio clip impersonating Principal Eric Eiswert, embedding racist and antisemitic remarks. According to reports, the clip was intended to discredit Eiswert and was widely", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "巴尔的摩县高中体育主任涉嫌制作冒充校长的种族主义 Deepfake 音频", "description_zh": "巴尔的摩派克斯维尔高中前体育主任达中·达里恩 (Dazhon Darien) 据称使用人工智能制作了一段假冒校长埃里克·艾斯沃特 (Eric Eiswert) 的假冒音频剪辑，其中嵌入了种族主义和反犹太主义言论。据报道，这段视频的目的是抹黑艾斯沃特，并被广泛传播" }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "Alleged Deepfake Audio Depicts Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Ordering Military Action", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/676/", "description": "A purported deepfake audio clip portraying Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. ordering an attack on China spread online in July 2024, fueling tensions in the West Philippine Sea. The Presidential Communications Office reportedly debunked it as fake, attributing it to foreign actors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌深度伪造音频描绘菲律宾总统小费迪南德·马科斯下令采取军事行动", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月，一段据称描绘菲律宾总统小费迪南德·马科斯下令攻击中国的深度伪造音频片段在网上传播，加剧了西菲律宾海的紧张局势。据报道，总统通讯办公室揭穿该消息为假消息，并将其归咎于外国演员。" }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "ChatGPT and Perplexity Reportedly Manipulated into Breaking Content Policies in AI Boyfriend Scenarios", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/677/", "description": "The \"Dan\" (\"Do Anything Now\") AI boyfriend is a trend on TikTok in which users appear to regularly manipulate ChatGPT to adopt boyfriend personas, breaching content policies. ChatGPT 3.5 is reported to regularly produce explicitly sexual content, directly violating its intended safety protocols. GPT", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 和 Perplexity 被操纵，破坏了人工智能男友场景中的内容政策", "description_zh": "“Dan”（“现在就做任何事情”）AI 男友是 TikTok 上的一种趋势，用户似乎经常操纵 ChatGPT 来采用男友角色，从而违反了内容政策。据报道，ChatGPT 3.5 经常产生明显的色情内容，直接违反了其预期的安全协议。 GPT" }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "ChatGPT Factual Errors Lead to Filing of Complaint of GDPR Privacy Violation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/678/", "description": "The activist organization noyb, founded by Max Schrems, filed a complaint in Europe against OpenAI alleging that ChatGPT violates the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by providing inaccurate personal information such as birthdates about individuals.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 事实错误导致提出 GDPR 隐私侵犯投诉", "description_zh": "Max Schrems 创立的激进组织 noyb 在欧洲对 OpenAI 提出投诉，指控 ChatGPT 提供不准确的个人信息（例如个人出生日期），从而违反了《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）。" }, { "date": "2023-02-20", "title": "A Purported Deepfake of Senator Elizabeth Warren Circulates Allegedly Saying Republicans Should Not Vote", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/679/", "description": "In February 2023, a purported deepfake of Senator Elizabeth Warren circulated on social media in which allegedly doctored footage of her from an MSNBC interview had her claiming that she believes Republicans should not vote.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦 (Elizabeth Warren) 的 Deepfake 内容流传，称共和党人不应该投票", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月，一段据称是参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦 (Elizabeth Warren) 的深度伪造视频在社交媒体上流传，其中据称篡改了她接受 MSNBC 采访的视频，让她声称她认为共和党人不应该投票。" }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Russia-Linked AI CopyCop Site Identified as Modifying and Producing at Least 19,000 Deceptive Reports", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/680/", "description": "In early March 2024, a network named CopyCop began publishing modified news stories using AI, altering content to spread partisan biases and disinformation. These articles, initially from legitimate sources, were manipulated by AI models, possibly developed by OpenAI, to disseminate Russian propagan", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与俄罗斯相关的 AI CopyCop 网站被确定修改和制作至少 19,000 份欺骗性报告", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月上旬，一个名为 CopyCop 的网络开始使用人工智能发布经过修改的新闻报道，改变内容以传播党派偏见和虚假信息。这些文章最初来自合法来源，被可能由 OpenAI 开发的人工智能模型操纵，以传播俄罗斯宣传" }, { "date": "2023-07-17", "title": "Never Back Down Super PAC for Ron DeSantis Uses AI Donald Trump Voice in Attack Ad Against Kim Reynolds", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/681/", "description": "A pro-Ron DeSantis super PAC released an ad featuring an AI-generated voice of Donald Trump. The ad, created by Never Back Down, aimed to criticize Trump’s treatment of Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds. The AI-generated voice was confirmed to be based on Trump's post from his social media. This incident is an", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "永不退缩罗恩·德桑蒂斯的超级政治行动委员会在针对金·雷诺兹的攻击广告中使用人工智能唐纳德·特朗普的声音", "description_zh": "支持罗恩·德桑蒂斯的超级政治行动委员会发布了一则广告，其中包含人工智能生成的唐纳德·特朗普的声音。该广告由“永不退缩”制作，旨在批评特朗普对待爱荷华州州长金·雷诺兹的方式。人工智能生成的声音被证实是基于特朗普在社交媒体上的帖子。这一事件是一个" }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "GOP Pollster Reportedly Shares Purportedly AI-Generated Images to Fabricate Appearance of Black Voter Support", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/682/", "description": "Purportedly AI-generated images circulated by GOP pollster Patrick Ruffini reportedly depicted Black men appearing to support the Republican Party shortly before Black History Month. The allegedly fabricated photos created a misleading impression of racial diversity within the GOP and may have shape", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，共和党民意调查员分享了据称是人工智能生成的图像，以伪造黑人选民支持的形象", "description_zh": "据报道，共和党民意调查专家帕特里克·鲁菲尼（Patrick Ruffini）流传的人工智能生成的图像显示，黑人男子在黑人历史月前不久似乎支持共和党。据称捏造的照片在共和党内部造成了种族多样性的误导性印象，并可能影响了共和党内部的种族多样性。" }, { "date": "2024-03-28", "title": "Scammers Using Deepfakes of Women's Faces and Voices for False and Offensive Advertisements", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/683/", "description": "Scammers used AI tools from HeyGen and ElevenLabs to create deepfake videos of influencers Michel Janse, Olga Loiek, Shadé Zahrai, and Carrie Williams, misusing Lana Smalls's voice in Williams's case. These videos promoted offensive products and false messages, in some cases targeting nationalist Ch", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者利用女性面部和声音的深度伪造来发布虚假和攻击性广告", "description_zh": "诈骗者利用 HeyGen 和 ElevenLabs 的人工智能工具制作了影响者 Michel Janse、Olga Loiek、Shadé Zahrai 和 Carrie Williams 的深度伪造视频，并在 Williams 的案件中滥用了 Lana Smalls 的声音。这些视频宣传攻击性产品和虚假信息，在某些情况下针对民族主义国家" }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "title": "Google Books Appears to Be Indexing Works Written by AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/684/", "description": "Google Books is indexing low-quality, AI-generated books, degrading its database and potentially distorting Google Ngram Viewer's analysis of language trends. This integration of inaccurate or misleading information undermines trust, disseminates poor-quality content, and wastes resources as researc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌图书似乎正在为人工智能撰写的作品建立索引", "description_zh": "Google 图书正在为人工智能生成的低质量图书建立索引，从而降低了其数据库的质量，并可能扭曲 Google Ngram Viewer 对语言趋势的分析。这种不准确或误导性信息的整合破坏了信任，传播了低质量的内容，并浪费了研究资源。" }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "The WHO's S.A.R.A.H. Bot Reported to Provide Inconsistent and Inadequate Health Information", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/685/", "description": "The WHO's AI-powered health advisor, S.A.R.A.H. (Smart AI Resource Assistant for Health), is alleged to provide inconsistent and inadequate health information. The bot reportedly gives contradictory responses to the same queries, fails to offer specific contact details for healthcare providers, and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "世界卫生组织 S.A.R.A.H.据报道，机器人提供的健康信息不一致且不充分", "description_zh": "世界卫生组织的人工智能健康顾问 S.A.R.A.H. （健康智能人工智能资源助手）被指控提供不一致和不充分的健康信息。据报道，该机器人对相同的查询给出了相互矛盾的答复，未能提供医疗保健提供者的具体联系方式，并且" }, { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "Meta AI Image Generator Reportedly Fails to Accurately Represent Interracial Relationships", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/686/", "description": "Meta's AI image generator is alleged to produce inaccurate and biased images, consistently failing to depict interracial relationships involving Asian individuals and Caucasian or Black individuals. Instead, it generates images featuring two Asian people or stereotypes, erasing the diversity and rep", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Meta AI 图像生成器无法准确呈现跨种族关系", "description_zh": "Meta 的人工智能图像生成器被指控生成不准确且有偏见的图像，始终无法描绘涉及亚洲人、白人或黑人的跨种族关系。相反，它生成的图像以两个亚洲人或刻板印象为特色，消除了多样性和代表性" }, { "date": "2024-08-04", "title": "Deepfake Porn Sites Use Breeze Liu's Image Without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/687/", "description": "Porn sites are alleged to have used AI-generated images of Breeze Liu without her consent, leading to severe emotional distress. Liu discovered a video of herself on Pornhub, which was then deepfaked and spread across over 800 links. Despite efforts to remove the content, many sites refused to compl", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 色情网站未经同意使用 Breeze Liu 的图像", "description_zh": "据称，色情网站在未经刘风同意的情况下使用了人工智能生成的刘风图像，导致严重的情绪困扰。刘在 Pornhub 上发现了一段自己的视频，该视频随后被深度伪造并传播到 800 多个链接。尽管努力删除内容，但许多网站拒绝遵守" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "Scarlett Johansson Alleges OpenAI's Sky Imitates Her Voice Without Licensing", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/688/", "description": "OpenAI unveiled a voice assistant with a voice resembling Scarlett Johansson's, despite her refusal to license her voice. Johansson claimed the assistant, \"Sky,\" sounded \"eerily similar\" to her voice, leading her to seek legal action. OpenAI suspended Sky, asserting the voice was from a different ac", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "斯嘉丽·约翰逊 (Scarlett Johansson) 指控 OpenAI 的 Sky 在未经许可的情况下模仿她的声音", "description_zh": "OpenAI 推出了一款语音助手，其声音类似于斯嘉丽约翰逊，尽管她拒绝许可她的声音。约翰逊声称助理“Sky”听起来与她的声音“出奇地相似”，导致她寻求法律诉讼。 OpenAI 暂停了 Sky，声称声音来自不同的 AC" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "Holmen, Wisconsin Man Allegedly Used Stable Diffusion to Create and Then Share Sexually Explicit Images Depicting Minors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/689/", "description": "The FBI has arrested Steven Anderegg of Holmen, Wisconsin for having allegedly used Stable Diffusion to generate about 13,000 sexually explicit images of minors, which he then is also alleged to have shared and distributed, including with at least one minor, via Telegram and Instagram. Anderegg was", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威斯康星州霍尔门男子涉嫌使用稳定扩散来创建并分享描绘未成年人的露骨色情图片", "description_zh": "美国联邦调查局 (FBI) 逮捕了威斯康星州霍尔门市的史蒂文·安德雷格 (Steven Anderegg)，原因是他涉嫌使用 Stable Diffusion 生成约 13,000 张未成年人的露骨色情图片，随后他还被指控通过 Telegram 和 Instagram 分享和分发这些图片，其中包括至少一名未成年人。安德雷格是" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "ISIS Utilizes AI for Propaganda Videos in News Harvest Program", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/690/", "description": "ISIS supporters have created an AI-generated media program called News Harvest to disseminate propaganda videos. The program produces near-weekly broadcasts featuring AI-generated news anchors discussing ISIS operations globally, using cheap and easy-to-use AI tools. This development showcases the u", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ISIS 在新闻收获计划中利用人工智能制作宣传视频", "description_zh": "ISIS 支持者创建了一个名为 News Harvest 的人工智能生成媒体程序，用于传播宣传视频。该节目几乎每周制作一次广播，由人工智能生成的新闻主播使用廉价且易于使用的人工智能工具讨论 ISIS 在全球的行动。这一发展展示了您" }, { "date": "2024-05-25", "title": "Facewatch Reported to Have Wrongfully Flagged Home Bargains Customer as Shoplifter", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/691/", "description": "A facial-recognition software used by the British variety store Home Bargains is alleged to have misidentified \"Sara\" as a shoplifter, leading to staff searching her bag, escorting her from the premises, and banning her from the store. After, Facewatch is reported to have admitted its error to Sara.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facewatch 错误地将家居特价商品顾客标记为小偷", "description_zh": "据称，英国杂货店 Home Bargains 使用的面部识别软件将“萨拉”误认为是商店扒手，导致工作人员搜查她的包，护送她离开商店，并禁止她进入商店。据报道，Facewatch 之后向 Sara 承认了错误。" }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "London Metropolitan Police's Facial Recognition Technology Reportedly Misidentified Shaun Thompson as Suspect Leading to Arrest", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/692/", "description": "Sometime in February 2024, Shaun Thompson is reported to have walked by one of the London Metropolitan Police's facial recognition technology vans near London Bridge. He was almost immediately arrested because the technology is reported to have misidentified him as a suspect in an unrelated and unsp", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，伦敦警察厅的面部识别技术将肖恩·汤普森误认为嫌疑人，导致被捕", "description_zh": "据报道，2024 年 2 月的某个时候，肖恩·汤普森在伦敦桥附近走过伦敦都会警察局的一辆面部识别技术货车。他几乎立即被捕，因为据报道该技术将他误认为是一起无关且未遂事件的嫌疑人。" }, { "date": "2024-05-14", "title": "Google AI Reportedly Delivering Confidently Incorrect and Harmful Information", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/693/", "description": "Google's AI search engine has reportedly been providing users with confidently incorrect and often harmful information. Reports highlight numerous inaccuracies, including misleading health advice and dangerous cooking suggestions. For example, it has falsely claimed Barack Obama as the first Muslim", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，谷歌人工智能确实提供了不正确和有害的信息", "description_zh": "据报道，谷歌的人工智能搜索引擎一直在向用户提供明显不正确且往往有害的信息。报告强调了许多不准确之处，包括误导性的健康建议和危险的烹饪建议。例如，它错误地声称巴拉克·奥巴马是第一位穆斯林" }, { "date": "2023-04-25", "title": "Purported Republican AI Ad Reportedly Depicts Dystopian Future After Biden Reelection Announcement", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/694/", "description": "After Joe Biden announced his 2024 reelection bid, the Republican National Committee reportedly released an attack ad that included purportedly AI-generated images portraying a dystopian future for the United States. Even with a brief disclaimer, the ad's fabricated scenes purportedly introduced fal", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，所谓的共和党人工智能广告描绘了拜登宣布连任后的反乌托邦未来", "description_zh": "据报道，乔·拜登宣布竞选 2024 年连任后，共和党全国委员会发布了一则攻击广告，其中包含据称由人工智能生成的图像，描绘了美国的反乌托邦未来。即使有简短的免责声明，该广告中捏造的场景据称也引入了错误" }, { "date": "2023-05-24", "title": "Donald Trump's Presidential Campaign Released Deepfakes Attacking Ron DeSantis", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/695/", "description": "Former President Donald Trump released two AI-generated videos using deepfaked voices to mock Florida Governor Ron DeSantis. The first video, posted on platforms like Rumble and Instagram, depicted a chaotic and offensive fake Twitter Spaces event featuring deepfaked voices of Elon Musk, George Soro", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "唐纳德·特朗普的总统竞选团队发布了攻击罗恩·德桑蒂斯的 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "前总统唐纳德·特朗普发布了两段人工智能生成的视频，使用深度伪造的声音来嘲笑佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯。第一个视频发布在 Rumble 和 Instagram 等平台上，描绘了一场混乱且令人反感的假 Twitter Spaces 活动，其中包括埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk)、乔治·索罗 (George Soro) 的深度伪造声音" }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "title": "Meta's AI Ad Platform Reportedly Causes Overspending and Poor Performance", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/696/", "description": "Meta's automated ad platform \"Advantage Plus\" caused advertisers to exceed their daily ad budgets. The cost per impressions (CPMs) surged far above the usual. This incident, which persisted into April, affected small businesses with overspending and lack of transparency.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Meta 的人工智能广告平台导致超支和绩效不佳", "description_zh": "Meta的自动化广告平台“Advantage Plus”导致广告商超出了每日广告预算。每次展示费用 (CPM) 远远高于平常。这一事件一直持续到四月，影响了超支且缺乏透明度的小企业。" }, { "date": "2023-06-23", "title": "Purported Deepfake Image Allegedly Circulating of Donald Trump with Underage Girl at Jeffrey Epstein's Private Island", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/697/", "description": "A purported deepfake image allegedly depicting Donald Trump with an underage girl at Jeffrey Epstein's private island in 1992 has reportedly been circulating on social media.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称唐纳德·特朗普与未成年女孩在杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的私人岛屿上流传的深度伪造图片", "description_zh": "据报道，一张据称描绘 1992 年唐纳德·特朗普与一名未成年女孩在杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的私人岛屿上的深度伪造照片在社交媒体上流传。" }, { "date": "2023-02-09", "title": "Deepfake Video of Ron DeSantis Dropping Out of 2024 Presidential Race Circulating", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/698/", "description": "In early September 2023, a deepfake video created by C3PMeme circulated on social media, showing Ron DeSantis falsely claiming he was dropping out of the 2024 presidential race. DeSantis did not actually suspend his campaign until January 21, 2024.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ron DeSantis 退出 2024 年总统竞选的 Deepfake 视频在流传", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月初，C3PMeme 制作的一段 Deepfake 视频在社交媒体上流传，视频中罗恩·德桑蒂斯谎称自己将退出 2024 年总统竞选。德桑蒂斯直到 2024 年 1 月 21 日才真正暂停竞选活动。" }, { "date": "2024-05-23", "title": "VA Suicide Prevention Algorithm REACH VET Reportedly Prioritizes Men Over Women Veterans", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/699/", "description": "An AI program named REACH VET, designed and used by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to prevent veteran suicides, was reportedly found to prioritize white men while neglecting female veterans and survivors of military sexual trauma. This oversight persists despite rising suicide rates among t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，VA 自杀预防算法 REACH VET 优先考虑男性退伍军人", "description_zh": "据报道，退伍军人事务部 (VA) 设计和使用的一个名为 REACH VET 的人工智能程序旨在防止退伍军人自杀，该程序被发现优先考虑白人男性，而忽视女性退伍军人和军事性创伤幸存者。尽管自杀率不断上升，但这种监督仍然存在" }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "Meta's AI Chatbots Are Reportedly Entering Online Support Communities Uninvited", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/700/", "description": "Meta's AI chatbots have reportedly begun entering online communities on Facebook, providing responses that mimic human interaction. These chatbots, often uninvited, disrupt the human connection critical for support groups by giving misleading or false information and pretending to share lived experi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Meta 的人工智能聊天机器人正在不请自来地进入在线支持社区", "description_zh": "据报道，Meta 的人工智能聊天机器人已经开始进入 Facebook 的在线社区，提供模仿人类互动的响应。这些聊天机器人通常不请自来，通过提供误导性或虚假信息并假装分享生活经验，破坏了对支持团体至关重要的人际关系。" }, { "date": "2024-05-29", "title": "American Asylum Seeker John Mark Dougan in Russia Reportedly Spreads Disinformation via AI Tools and Fake News Network", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/701/", "description": "John Mark Dougan, a former Florida sheriff's deputy granted asylum in Russia, has been implicated in spreading disinformation. Utilizing AI tools like OpenAI's ChatGPT and DALL-E 3, Dougan created over 160 fake news sites, disseminating false narratives to millions worldwide. His actions align with", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，在俄罗斯的美国寻求庇护者约翰·马克·杜根通过人工智能工具和假新闻网络传播虚假信息", "description_zh": "获得俄罗斯庇护的前佛罗里达州副警长约翰·马克·杜根 (John Mark Dougan) 涉嫌散布虚假信息。 Dougan 利用 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT 和 DALL-E 3 等人工智能工具创建了 160 多个假新闻网站，向全球数百万人传播虚假叙述。他的行动符合" }, { "date": "2024-05-31", "title": "Disinformation Deepfake Circulates of State Department Spokesman Matthew Miller Suggesting Belgorod Can Be Attacked with U.S. Weapons", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/702/", "description": "A deepfake video of State Department spokesman Matthew Miller falsely suggested Belgorod was a legitimate target for Ukrainian strikes. This disinformation spread on Telegram and Russian media, misleading the public and inciting tensions. U.S. officials condemned the deepfake. This incident is an ex", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国务院发言人马修·米勒散布虚假信息，暗示别尔哥罗德可能会受到美国武器的攻击", "description_zh": "美国国务院发言人马修·米勒的一段深度伪造视频错误地暗示别尔哥罗德是乌克兰袭击的合法目标。这些虚假信息在 Telegram 和俄罗斯媒体上传播，误导公众并煽动紧张局势。美国官员谴责了深度造假事件。这起事件是前" }, { "date": "2024-01-13", "title": "Purported Deepfake Audio Reportedly Sparks False Claims of Biden Threatening Texas with F-15s", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/703/", "description": "A purportedly AI-generated audio clip imitating President Biden’s voice reportedly circulated on social media, falsely suggesting that he had threatened to deploy F-15 fighter jets against Texas. The manipulated recording was widely shared and is reported to have heightened political tensions and sp", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，所谓的 Deepfake 音频引发了有关拜登用 F-15 战斗机威胁德克萨斯州的虚假说法", "description_zh": "据报道，一段据称由人工智能生成的模仿拜登总统声音的音频片段在社交媒体上流传，错误地暗示他曾威胁要部署 F-15 战斗机攻击德克萨斯州。这段被篡改的录音被广泛传播，据报道加剧了政治紧张局势并导致局势恶化。" }, { "date": "2024-08-06", "title": "Turkish Student in Isparta Allegedly Uses AI to Cheat on Exam, Leading to Arrest", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/705/", "description": "A Turkish student in Isparta was reportedly arrested for using ChatGPT to cheat during the 2024 YKS university entrance exam. The student, identified as M.E.E., is alleged to have employed a sophisticated setup involving a router, mobile phone, earphone, and a button-shaped camera to transmit exam q", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊斯帕尔塔土耳其学生涉嫌使用人工智能考试作弊，导致被捕", "description_zh": "据报道，伊斯帕尔塔的一名土耳其学生因在 2024 年 YKS 大学入学考试中使用 ChatGPT 作弊而被捕。这名学生名叫 M.E.E.，据称使用了一套复杂的装置，包括路由器、手机、耳机和按钮型摄像头来传输考试数据" }, { "date": "2024-01-04", "title": "Scammers Using AI to Impersonate Small Businesses", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/706/", "description": "Scammers are using AI to impersonate small businesses by copying their videos, logos, and social media posts. They create fake listings and ads, diverting customers to cheap knockoffs or stealing their money. This has severely impacted businesses like Bee Cups, Darn Tough Vermont, and Cascade hummin", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者利用人工智能冒充小企业", "description_zh": "诈骗者利用人工智能通过复制小企业的视频、徽标和社交媒体帖子来冒充小企业。他们制作虚假列表和广告，将客户转移到廉价的仿冒品或窃取他们的钱。这严重影响了 Bee Cups、Darn Tough Vermont 和 Cascade hummin 等企业" }, { "date": "2024-06-13", "title": "Tesla Reportedly in Autopilot Mode Hits Parked Police Vehicle in Fullerton, California", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/707/", "description": "A Tesla reportedly in self-driving mode crashed into a parked patrol vehicle in Fullerton, California while the officer was responding to a fatal DUI crash. The officer narrowly escaped injury. The driver reports having been distracted by a cellphone and having relied on the Tesla’s AI. (The earlier", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，特斯拉在自动驾驶模式下撞上了加利福尼亚州富勒顿停放的警车", "description_zh": "据报道，在加州富勒顿，一辆处于自动驾驶模式的特斯拉撞上了一辆停泊的巡逻车，当时警官正在处理一起致命的酒后驾车事故。这名军官险些受伤。司机报告说，他被手机分散了注意力，并依赖特斯拉的人工智能。 （较早的" }, { "date": "2024-05-26", "title": "Reportedly Faulty AI Transcription Threatens Integrity of Genoa Bribery Probe", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/708/", "description": "A reported AI transcription software error in a Genoa bribery investigation is alleged to have incorrectly recorded \"illicit financing\" instead of \"licit financing,\" which could have significantly impacted the case. The mistake was discovered during a review and is an example of the risks of relying", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能转录错误威胁到热那亚贿赂调查的完整性", "description_zh": "据报道，热那亚贿赂调查中的人工智能转录软件错误，据称错误地记录了“非法融资”而不是“合法融资”，这可能会对案件产生重大影响。该错误是在审查过程中发现的，是依赖风险的一个例子" }, { "date": "2023-05-28", "title": "Unrepresented Litigant Misled by ChatGPT-Generated False Legal Citations in Manchester Court", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/709/", "description": "A litigant in person (LiP) in a Manchester civil case presented false legal citations generated by ChatGPT. It fabricated one case name and provided fictitious excerpts for three real cases, misleadingly supporting the LiP's argument. The judge, upon investigation, found the submissions to be inadve", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "曼彻斯特法院无律师代表的诉讼当事人被 ChatGPT 生成的虚假法律引证误导", "description_zh": "曼彻斯特民事案件中的一名当事人 (LiP) 出示了由 ChatGPT 生成的虚假法律引证。它捏造了一个案例名称，并为三个真实案例提供了虚构的摘录，误导性地支持了 LiP 的论点。法官经调查后认为这些意见不妥当" }, { "date": "2024-04-15", "title": "Facebook AI Reportedly Mislabels Auschwitz Photos as 'Bullying' and 'Nudity'", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/710/", "description": "Facebook's AI system allegedly mislabeled around 20 posts from the Auschwitz Memorial Museum as violating community standards for \"bullying\" and \"nudity,\" reportedly deleting at least one image of orphans. The purported misclassification of historical content allegedly prompted outrage from the muse", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 人工智能将奥斯威辛集中营照片错误标记为“欺凌”和“裸体”", "description_zh": "据称，Facebook 的人工智能系统将奥斯威辛纪念博物馆的大约 20 条帖子错误地标记为违反“欺凌”和“裸体”的社区标准，并据报道删除了至少一张孤儿的图片。据称对历史内容的错误分类引发了缪斯的愤怒" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "NHTSA Opens New Probe into Tesla’s Autopilot Following More than a Dozen Fatal Accidents", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/711/", "description": "The NHTSA has linked Tesla's Autopilot to over a dozen fatalities and hundreds of crashes, prompting a new investigation into the adequacy of Tesla's December recall of 2 million vehicles. The probe reports that Tesla’s driver-assist system led to avoidable crashes involving visible hazards, suggest", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在发生十几起致命事故后，国家公路交通安全管理局对特斯拉的自动驾驶仪展开新调查", "description_zh": "NHTSA 已将特斯拉的 Autopilot 与十几起死亡事故和数百起车祸联系起来，促使对特斯拉 12 月份召回 200 万辆汽车的充分性进行新的调查。调查报告称，特斯拉的驾驶员辅助系统导致了一些本可以避免的、涉及可见危险的碰撞事故" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "Meta AI Hallucinates Harassment Allegations Against New York Politicians", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/712/", "description": "Meta's AI chatbot in Facebook Messenger falsely accused multiple state lawmakers of sexual harassment, fabricating incidents, investigations, and consequences that never occurred. These fabricated stories, discovered by City & State, sparked outrage among the affected lawmakers and raised concerns a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "元人工智能幻觉针对纽约政客的骚扰指控", "description_zh": "Facebook Messenger 中的 Meta 人工智能聊天机器人错误地指控多名州议员性骚扰，捏造事件、调查和从未发生过的后果。城市与州发现的这些捏造的故事激起了受影响立法者的愤怒，并引发了人们的担忧" }, { "date": "2023-02-27", "title": "Purported Deepfake Video Falsely Depicts Biden Announcing National Draft for Ukraine", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/713/", "description": "A purportedly AI-generated deepfake video falsely depicting President Biden announcing a national draft to support Ukraine was reportedly shared on social media, causing widespread misinformation. The video reportedly misled the public until debunked by fact-checkers.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "所谓的 Deepfake 视频错误地描绘了拜登宣布乌克兰国家草案", "description_zh": "据报道，一段据称由人工智能生成的深度造假视频在社交媒体上被分享，该视频错误地描绘了拜登总统宣布支持乌克兰的国家草案，引发了广泛的错误信息。据报道，该视频误导了公众，直到被事实核查人员揭穿。" }, { "date": "2024-03-29", "title": "Microsoft-Powered New York City Chatbot Advises Illegal Practices", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/714/", "description": "New York City's chatbot, launched under Mayor Eric Adams's plan to assist businesses, has been reportedly providing dangerously inaccurate legal advice. The Microsoft-powered bot allegedly informed users that landlords can refuse Section 8 vouchers and that businesses can operate cash-free, among ot", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软支持的纽约市聊天机器人建议非法行为", "description_zh": "据报道，根据市长埃里克·亚当斯 (Eric Adams) 协助企业的计划推出的纽约市聊天机器人一直在提供极其不准确的法律建议。据称，微软驱动的机器人告知用户，房东可以拒绝第 8 节优惠券，企业可以无现金经营等" }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Over 400 Purportedly AI-Driven Scams Reportedly Led to $8M Loss for Australians in 2023", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/715/", "description": "In 2023, Australians reportedly lost over $8 million to scams involving purported deepfake videos and fake news articles that falsely endorsed investment trading platforms. Scammers reportedly used AI-generated content featuring celebrities to mislead victims, leading to significant financial losses", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，2023 年，超过 400 起据称由人工智能驱动的骗局给澳大利亚人造成了 800 万美元的损失", "description_zh": "据报道，2023 年，澳大利亚人因涉及虚假认可投资交易平台的深度造假视频和虚假新闻文章的诈骗而损失了超过 800 万美元。据报道，诈骗者利用人工智能生成的名人内容来误导受害者，导致重大经济损失" }, { "date": "2021-04-21", "title": "Algorithmic Staffing Failures Linked to Resident Deaths at Leading Assisted-Living Chain Brookdale", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/716/", "description": "Brookdale Senior Living's algorithm-based staffing system, \"Service Alignment,\" reportedly left facilities understaffed, leading to critical incidents. For example, on April 21, 2021, Louise Walker, a resident at Brookdale's Jacksonville facility, died after falling and being left unattended for ove", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "领先的辅助生活连锁店布鲁克代尔的算法人员配置失败与居民死亡有关", "description_zh": "据报道，布鲁克代尔老年生活中心基于算法的人员配置系统“服务调整”导致设施人手不足，从而导致严重事件。例如，2021 年 4 月 21 日，布鲁克代尔杰克逊维尔设施的居民路易斯·沃克 (Louise Walker) 在跌倒并无人看管超过一小时后死亡。" }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Fake AI-Generated Law Firms Sent Fake DMCA Notices to Increase SEO", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/717/", "description": "In March 2024, fake law firms using AI-generated identities sent fraudulent DMCA takedown notices to website owners, demanding backlinks for SEO gains. These AI-generated law firms, like \"Commonwealth Legal,\" used GAN models for realistic attorney images and fabricated bios. The scam involved fake l", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "假人工智能生成的律师事务所发送假 DMCA 通知以增加 SEO", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月，假冒律师事务所使用人工智能生成的身份向网站所有者发送欺诈性 DMCA 删除通知，要求提供反向链接以获取 SEO 收益。这些人工智能生成的律师事务所，例如“Commonwealth Legal”，使用 GAN 模型来制作真实的律师图像并伪造个人简历。该骗局涉及假冒伪劣产品" }, { "date": "2024-06-04", "title": "OpenAI, Google, and Meta Alleged to Have Overstepped Legal Boundaries for Training AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/718/", "description": "In late 2021, OpenAI and other tech giants like Google and Meta reportedly faced data shortages for training AI models. OpenAI is said to have developed a tool called Whisper to transcribe over one million hours of YouTube videos, potentially violating YouTube’s terms of service. Similarly, Google a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI、谷歌和 Meta 被指控超越人工智能训练的法律界限", "description_zh": "据报道，2021 年底，OpenAI 以及 Google 和 Meta 等其他科技巨头面临着训练 AI 模型的数据短缺问题。据说 OpenAI 开发了一种名为 Whisper 的工具，可以转录超过 100 万小时的 YouTube 视频，这可能违反 YouTube 的服务条款。同样，谷歌" }, { "date": "2024-04-04", "title": "Grok AI on X Created and Promoted False Iran Missile Strike News", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/719/", "description": "On April 4, 2024, X's AI chatbot Grok generated a false headline claiming \"Iran Strikes Tel Aviv with Heavy Missiles,\" which was then promoted on X's trending news section. This misinformation, fueled by user spamming of fake news, falsely indicated a serious international conflict. The incident hig", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "X 上的 Grok AI 制造并宣传虚假的伊朗导弹袭击新闻", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 4 日，X 的人工智能聊天机器人 Grok 生成了一个虚假标题，声称“伊朗用重型导弹袭击了特拉维夫”，然后在 X 的热门新闻版块上进行了宣传。这种由用户发送虚假新闻垃圾邮件助长的错误信息错误地表明了严重的国际冲突。事件高发" }, { "date": "2023-02-27", "title": "Deepfake Video Targets Paul Vallas on Eve of Chicago Mayoral Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/720/", "description": "On the eve of Chicago's mayoral election, a deepfake video impersonating candidate Paul Vallas was posted to Twitter, showing a fake audio of him making inflammatory statements. The video was viewed thousands of times before being taken down. The Vallas campaign condemned the video, calling it a dec", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 视频在芝加哥市长选举前夕针对 Paul Vallas", "description_zh": "在芝加哥市长选举前夕，推特上发布了一段冒充候选人保罗·瓦拉斯的深度伪造视频，其中播放了他发表煽动性言论的虚假音频。该视频在被删除之前已被观看了数千次。瓦拉斯竞选团队谴责了这段视频，称其为“十二月”" }, { "date": "2024-04-06", "title": "Reported Use of Purportedly AI-Generated Student Accounts in Online College Courses", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/721/", "description": "An adjunct professor at an unspecified community college reportedly suspected that some students in his online art history and art appreciation courses are AI-powered spambots. These \"students\" allegedly submitted peculiar assignments, such as analyses of non-existent artworks and descriptions of sc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，在在线大学课程中使用了所谓的人工智能生成的学生帐户", "description_zh": "据报道，一所未具体指明的社区大学的兼职教授怀疑他的在线艺术史和艺术欣赏课程中的一些学生是人工智能驱动的垃圾邮件机器人。据称，这些“学生”提交了特殊的作业，例如分析不存在的艺术品和描述科学" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "title": "Catholic AI Chatbot 'Father Justin' Claimed to Be a Real Priest, Prompting Retraction", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/722/", "description": "Catholic advocacy group Catholic Answers released an AI priest called \"Father Justin,\" which misleadingly claimed to be a real clergy member, offered sacraments, and provided controversial advice. After receiving criticism, the group rebranded the chatbot as a lay theologian to correct the misrepres", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "天主教人工智能聊天机器人“贾斯汀神父”自称是真正的牧师，促使其撤回", "description_zh": "天主教倡导组织 Catholic Answers 发布了一位名为“贾斯汀神父”的人工智能牧师，该牧师误导性地声称自己是真正的神职人员，提供圣礼，并提供有争议的建议。在受到批评后，该组织将聊天机器人重新命名为外行神学家，以纠正错误的说法" }, { "date": "2024-05-13", "title": "Instagram Algorithms Reportedly Directed Children's Merchandise Ad Campaign to Adult Men and Sex Offenders", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/723/", "description": "An Instagram ad campaign for children's merchandise was intended to reach adult women but was instead predominantly shown to adult men, including convicted sex offenders, due to Instagram's algorithmic targeting. This failure is reported to have led to direct solicitations for sex with a 5-year-old", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Instagram 算法将儿童商品广告活动定向到成年男性和性犯罪者", "description_zh": "Instagram 的儿童商品广告活动原本旨在吸引成年女性，但由于 Instagram 的算法定位，广告主要针对成年男性，包括被定罪的性犯罪者。据报道，这一失败导致直接招揽与一名 5 岁儿童发生性关系" }, { "date": "2024-12-06", "title": "Purportedly AI-Generated Papers Are Alleged to Have Manipulated Scopus Rankings in Top Philosophy Journals", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/724/", "description": "Three reportedly fake journals published by Addleton Academic Publishers allegedly manipulated Scopus rankings by extensively cross-citing each other and using AI-generated papers filled with buzzwords. These journals, placed in the top 10 of Scopus's 2023 CiteScore philosophy list, reportedly featu", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能生成的论文涉嫌操纵顶级哲学期刊的 Scopus 排名", "description_zh": "Three reportedly fake journals published by Addleton Academic Publishers allegedly manipulated Scopus rankings by extensively cross-citing each other and using AI-generated papers filled with buzzwords.据报道，这些期刊位列 Scopus 2023 年 CiteScore 哲学排行榜前 10 名。" }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "Cartels Reportedly Using AI to Expand Operations into Financial Fraud and Human Trafficking", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/725/", "description": "The Jalisco New Generation Cartel is reportedly using AI to expand its financial fraud and human trafficking operations, coercing individuals into illegal activities under the guise of legitimate jobs. INTERPOL warns that this integration of AI into criminal enterprises is a growing trend among cart", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道卡特尔利用人工智能将业务扩展到金融欺诈和人口贩卖", "description_zh": "据报道，哈利斯科新一代卡特尔正在利用人工智能扩大其金融欺诈和人口贩运活动，强迫个人以合法工作为幌子从事非法活动。国际刑警组织警告称，将人工智能融入犯罪企业是犯罪活动中日益增长的趋势" }, { "date": "2023-02-10", "title": "A Self-Driving Cruise Robot Taxi Reportedly Struck and Dragged a Pedestrian 20 Feet", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/726/", "description": "Cruise has settled for between $8 million and $12 million with a pedestrian dragged by one of its autonomous vehicles in October 2023. The incident, where the pedestrian was initially hit by a human-driven car and then dragged 20 feet by the Cruise vehicle, led to the suspension of Cruise's operatio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，一辆自动驾驶巡航机器人出租车撞到一名行人并将其拖拽20英尺", "description_zh": "Cruise 已就 2023 年 10 月一名行人被一辆自动驾驶汽车拖拽的事件达成和解，赔偿金额为 800 万至 1200 万美元。该事件中，行人最初被一辆人类驾驶的汽车撞倒，然后被 Cruise 车辆拖拽了 20 英尺，导致 Cruise 的运营暂停。" }, { "date": "2024-01-04", "title": "Synthetic Voice 'Olesya' by Storm-1516 Falsely Accuses Ukraine in U.S. Election Disinformation Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/727/", "description": "Russian operatives used AI to create a fake video and voice of \"Olesya,\" a supposed troll in Kyiv, falsely claiming involvement in U.S. elections to support President Biden. U.S. intelligence confirmed the voice was AI-generated. This disinformation campaign aimed to mislead voters, erode trust in d", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Storm-1516 的合成语音“Olesya”在美国选举虚假信息活动中错误地指责乌克兰", "description_zh": "俄罗斯特工利用人工智能制作了基辅“Olesya”的虚假视频和声音，该视频和声音被认为是基辅的巨魔，谎称参与美国选举以支持拜登总统。美国情报部门证实该声音是人工智能生成的。这一虚假信息活动旨在误导选民，削弱对选民的信任" }, { "date": "2024-05-16", "title": "AI Firm Lovo Accused of Illegally Replicating Voice Actors' Voices", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/728/", "description": "Two voice actors, Paul Skye Lehrman and Linnea Sage, are suing AI start-up Lovo for allegedly creating and promoting unauthorized clones of their voices. Lovo's synthetic voices were discovered in various media, including a podcast and promotional videos. The actors claim they were misled into provi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI公司Lovo被指控非法复制配音演员的声音", "description_zh": "两位配音演员 Paul Skye Lehrman 和 Linnea Sage 正在起诉人工智能初创公司 Lovo，指控其涉嫌创建和推广未经授权的克隆声音。 Lovo 的合成声音在各种媒体中被发现，包括播客和宣传视频。演员们声称他们被误导了" }, { "date": "2024-05-14", "title": "GPT-4o's Chinese Tokens Reportedly Compromised by Spam and Pornography Due to Inadequate Filtering", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/729/", "description": "OpenAI's GPT-4o was found to have its Chinese token training data compromised by spam and pornographic phrases due to inadequate data cleaning. Tianle Cai, a Ph.D. student at Princeton University, identified that most of the longest Chinese tokens were irrelevant and inappropriate, primarily origina", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，GPT-4o 的中文代币因过滤不充分而受到垃圾邮件和色情内容的危害", "description_zh": "由于数据清理不充分，OpenAI 的 GPT-4o 被发现其中文 token 训练数据受到垃圾邮件和色情短语的影响。蔡天乐，博士普林斯顿大学的一名学生发现，大多数最长的中文标记都是不相关且不合适的，主要是源自" }, { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Purportedly Hallucinated Software Packages with Potential Malware Reportedly Downloaded Thousands of Times by Developers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/731/", "description": "Large language models have reportedly hallucinated non-existent software package names, some of which were subsequently uploaded to public repositories and incorporated into real codebases. In one case, a package named huggingface-cli, which was purported to have been originally suggested by an AI m", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，据称带有潜在恶意软件的幻觉软件包被开发人员下载了数千次", "description_zh": "据报道，大型语言模型产生了不存在的软件包名称，其中一些名称随后被上传到公共存储库并合并到真实的代码库中。在一个案例中，有一个名为 Huggingface-cli 的软件包，据称该软件包最初是由 AI m 建议的" }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "title": "Whisper Speech-to-Text AI Reportedly Found to Create Violent Hallucinations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/732/", "description": "Researchers at Cornell reportedly found that OpenAI's Whisper, a speech-to-text system, can hallucinate violent language and fabricated details, especially with long pauses in speech, such as from those with speech impairments. Analyzing 13,000 clips, they determined 1% contained harmful hallucinati", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，低声语音转文本人工智能会产生暴力幻觉", "description_zh": "据报道，康奈尔大学的研究人员发现，OpenAI 的 Whisper（一种语音转文本系统）可以产生暴力语言和捏造细节的幻觉，尤其是在言语长时间停顿的情况下，例如患有言语障碍的人。他们分析了 13,000 个剪辑，确定其中 1% 含有有害幻觉" }, { "date": "2024-09-06", "title": "Auto Insurers Allegedly Are Surreptitiously Collecting and Scoring Driver Data", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/733/", "description": "The insurance industry allegedly uses AI and telematics to score drivers based on behaviors tracked by automakers and apps like Life360. Data, often collected without clear consent, may affect insurance rates and raises privacy concerns. Consumers are largely unaware of this surveillance, leading to", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称汽车保险公司正在秘密收集驾驶员数据并对其进行评分", "description_zh": "据称，保险业使用人工智能和远程信息处理技术，根据汽车制造商和 Life360 等应用程序跟踪的行为对驾驶员进行评分。通常在未经明确同意的情况下收集的数据可能会影响保险费率并引发隐私问题。消费者基本上不知道这种监视，导致" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "title": "Leading AI Models Reportedly Found to Mimic Russian Disinformation in 33% of Cases and to Cite Fake Moscow News Sites", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/734/", "description": "An audit by NewsGuard revealed that leading chatbots, including ChatGPT-4, You.com’s Smart Assistant, and others, repeated Russian disinformation narratives in one-third of their responses. These narratives originated from a network of fake news sites created by John Mark Dougan (Incident 701). The", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，领先的人工智能模型在 33% 的案例中模仿俄罗斯虚假信息并引用假莫斯科新闻网站", "description_zh": "NewsGuard 的一项审计显示，包括 ChatGPT-4、You.com 的智能助手等在内的领先聊天机器人在三分之一的回复中重复了俄罗斯的虚假信息叙述。这些叙述源自约翰·马克·杜根 (John Mark Dougan) 创建的假新闻网站网络（事件 701）。这" }, { "date": "2024-06-22", "title": "AI-Enabled Fraud Schemes Reportedly Increasing Consumer Harm and Challenging Detection", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/735/", "description": "Scammers are reportedly using AI tools such as language models, voice cloning, and synthetic IDs to create more convincing frauds, leading to financial losses and identity theft. Banks have begun deploying AI-driven verification tools to counter these schemes, but experts warn that AI-enabled fraud", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能支持的欺诈计划增加了消费者的伤害并给检测带来了挑战", "description_zh": "据报道，诈骗者正在使用语言模型、语音克隆和合成 ID 等人工智能工具来制造更有说服力的欺诈行为，从而导致经济损失和身份盗窃。银行已开始部署人工智能驱动的验证工具来应对这些计划，但专家警告说，人工智能驱动的欺诈行为" }, { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Underground Market for LLMs Powers Malware and Phishing Scams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/736/", "description": "A study by Indiana University researchers uncovered widespread misuse of large language models (LLMs) for cybercrime. Cybercriminals, according to that study, use LLMs like OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to create malware, phishing scams, and scam websites. These models are available on underground mark", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法学硕士的地下市场为恶意软件和网络钓鱼诈骗提供动力", "description_zh": "印第安纳大学研究人员的一项研究发现，大语言模型 (LLM) 广泛被滥用于网络犯罪。根据该研究，网络犯罪分子使用 OpenAI 的 GPT-3.5 和 GPT-4 等法学硕士来创建恶意软件、网络钓鱼诈骗和诈骗网站。这些型号可在地下标记上找到" }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Amandine Le Pen Deepfake Account Misleads Thousands on TikTok", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/737/", "description": "A TikTok account, \"Amandine Le Pen,\" created using AI deepfake technology, impersonated a fictional niece of Marine Le Pen, amassing over 30,000 followers. The account spread pro-RN messages and solicited donations, misleading users and exploiting political influence. Visual inconsistencies revealed", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Amandine Le Pen Deepfake 账户在 TikTok 上误导了数千人", "description_zh": "使用 AI Deepfake 技术创建的 TikTok 帐户“Amandine Le Pen”冒充了玛丽娜·勒庞的虚构侄女，拥有超过 30,000 名粉丝。该帐户传播支持注册护士的信息并募集捐款，误导用户并利用政治影响力。揭示视觉不一致" }, { "date": "2024-06-23", "title": "Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) Algorithm Wrongly Flags 200,000 for Housing Benefit Fraud", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/738/", "description": "A Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) algorithm wrongly flagged over 200,000 UK housing benefit claims as high risk, resulting in unnecessary investigations. Two-thirds of these flagged claims were legitimate, causing wasted public funds and stress for claimants. Despite initial success in a pilo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工作和养老金部 (DWP) 算法错误地将 200,000 人标记为住房福利欺诈", "description_zh": "工作和养老金部 (DWP) 的算法错误地将超过 20 万份英国住房福利索赔标记为高风险，导致不必要的调查。这些被标记的索赔中有三分之二是合法的，造成了公共资金的浪费和索赔人的压力。尽管初步取得了成功" }, { "date": "2024-06-27", "title": "Scammers Allegedly Use Deepfake of Hong Kong Entertainer Andy Lau to Steal NT$2.64 Million from Fan", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/739/", "description": "Scammers allegedly defrauded a woman in New Taipei City of NT$2.64 million (US$81,116) by impersonating Hong Kong entertainer Andy Lau using purported deepfakes. The alleged scam convinced the victim, a long-time fan, through a video call that \"Lau\" needed funds for a visit to Taiwan. The victim rep", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者涉嫌利用香港艺人刘德华的 Deepfake 骗取粉丝 264 万新台币", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者利用所谓的深度伪造技术冒充香港艺人刘德华，在新北市向一名女子诈骗了 264 万新台币（合 81,116 美元）。所谓的骗局通过视频电话让受害者（一位长期粉丝）相信“刘”需要资金去台湾。受害人代表" }, { "date": "2024-10-07", "title": "Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) AI Systems Allegedly Discriminate Against Single Mothers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/740/", "description": "Researchers have argued that the Department for Work and Pensions' Universal Credit system disproportionately impacts single mothers. Automated processes in the system, designed to determine eligibility and detect fraud, are reported to have introduced biases, leading to financial instability and ha", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "工作和养老金部 (DWP) 人工智能系统涉嫌歧视单身母亲", "description_zh": "研究人员认为，工作和养老金部的普遍信用体系对单身母亲的影响尤为严重。据报道，该系统中旨在确定资格和检测欺诈的自动化流程引入了偏见，导致金融不稳定，并造成了损失。" }, { "date": "2023-02-10", "title": "Robin Williams's Voice Deepfaked Without Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/741/", "description": "Zelda Williams, the daughter of the late Robin Williams, condemned the misuse of her father's voice in AI-generated productions, having cited some instances where his voice had been deepfaked, along with the potential for further misuse, as such instances do not involve consent.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗宾·威廉姆斯的声音未经同意被深度伪造", "description_zh": "已故罗宾·威廉姆斯的女儿塞尔达·威廉姆斯谴责在人工智能生成的作品中滥用她父亲的声音，并列举了一些他的声音被深度伪造的例子，以及进一步滥用的可能性，因为这些例子不涉及同意。" }, { "date": "2024-07-13", "title": "Grok AI Model Reportedly Fails to Produce Reliable News in Wake of Trump Assassination Attempt", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/742/", "description": "xAI's model Grok, intended to automate news delivery on the X platform, is reported to have struggled to provide accurate information during the attempted assassination of former President Donald Trump. Grok apparently issued incorrect headlines, including false reports about Vice President Kamala H", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Grok 人工智能模型在特朗普刺杀企图后未能产生可靠的新闻", "description_zh": "xAI 的模型 Grok 旨在在 X 平台上实现新闻传送自动化，据报道，在前总统唐纳德·特朗普被刺杀期间，该模型一直难以提供准确的信息。 Grok 显然发布了不正确的头条新闻，包括有关副总统 Kamala H 的虚假报道" }, { "date": "2024-07-16", "title": "Gemini AI Allegedly Reads Google Drive Files Without Explicit User Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/743/", "description": "Kevin Bankston, a privacy activist, claims that Google's Gemini AI scans private Google Drive PDFs without explicit user consent. Bankston reports that after using Gemini on one document, the AI continues to access similar files automatically. Google disputes these claims, stating that Gemini requir", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gemini AI 据称在未经用户明确同意的情况下读取 Google Drive 文件", "description_zh": "隐私活动人士凯文·班克斯顿 (Kevin Bankston) 声称，谷歌的 Gemini AI 在未经用户明确同意的情况下扫描私人 Google Drive PDF。 Bankston 报告称，在一份文档上使用 Gemini 后，人工智能会继续自动访问类似的文件。谷歌对这些说法提出异议，称 Gemini 需要" }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "AI Work Assistants Require More Effort Than Expected, CIOs Say", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/744/", "description": "AI work assistants, such as Copilot for Microsoft 365 and Gemini for Google Workspace, are proving to be more labor-intensive than anticipated for enterprises. CIOs report that these AI tools struggle with outdated or inaccurate data, leading to incorrect outputs. Companies are finding they must inv", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "首席信息官表示，人工智能工作助理需要比预期更多的努力", "description_zh": "事实证明，人工智能工作助手（例如 Microsoft 365 的 Copilot 和 Google Workspace 的 Gemini）比企业预期的劳动力密集程度更高。首席信息官报告说，这些人工智能工具与过时或不准确的数据作斗争，导致输出不正确。公司发现他们必须投资" }, { "date": "2024-02-07", "title": "Figma Disables AI Feature After Accusations of Copying Apple’s Weather App", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/745/", "description": "Figma has temporarily disabled its AI design feature, \"Make Design,\" after accusations of copying Apple’s Weather app. Andy Allen of NotBoring Software highlighted the issue, prompting Figma CEO Dylan Field to deny claims of training the AI on specific app designs. However, Field acknowledged flaws", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Figma 被指控抄袭苹果天气应用程序后禁用人工智能功能", "description_zh": "在被指控抄袭苹果天气应用程序后，Figma 暂时禁用了其人工智能设计功能“Make Design”。 NotBoring Software 的安迪·艾伦 (Andy Allen) 强调了这个问题，促使 Figma 首席执行官迪伦·菲尔德 (Dylan Field) 否认了在特定应用程序设计上训练人工智能的说法。然而，菲尔德承认存在缺陷" }, { "date": "2024-05-15", "title": "Class Action Lawsuit Over Alleged Defects in Volkswagen's AI-Driven AEB Systems", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/746/", "description": "A class action lawsuit involving Volkswagen Group of America addresses alleged defects in the Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) systems of certain vehicles. The lawsuit claims these AI-driven systems failed to function properly, posing safety risks. Volkswagen denies the claims but has agreed to a s", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对大众人工智能驱动 AEB 系统涉嫌缺陷的集体诉讼", "description_zh": "涉及大众汽车集团美国公司的集体诉讼涉及某些车辆的自动紧急制动（AEB）系统涉嫌的缺陷。该诉讼称这些人工智能驱动的系统未能正常运行，构成安全风险。大众汽车否认了这一说法，但已同意采取措施" }, { "date": "2024-07-18", "title": "Fatalities Reportedly Occur Despite VioGén Algorithm's Low or Negligible Risk Scores", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/747/", "description": "The VioGén algorithm was designed to help Spanish police assess and prioritize the risk of repeat domestic violence incidents. However, its low-risk assessment of Lobna Hemid reportedly led to inadequate protection; her husband murdered her. Since 2007, 247 women have been killed after being assesse", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，尽管 VioGén 算法的风险评分较低或可以忽略不计，但仍发生了死亡事件", "description_zh": "VioGén 算法旨在帮助西班牙警方评估家庭暴力事件重复发生的风险并确定优先顺序。然而，据报道，其对 Lobna Hemid 的低风险评估导致保护不足；她的丈夫谋杀了她。自2007年以来，已有247名女性在接受评估后被杀害" }, { "date": "2024-06-19", "title": "Erroneous Declined Transaction Notification by PayPal AI Assistant", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/748/", "description": "On July 13th, 2024, a user reported an incident involving PayPal's generative AI chatbot. The chatbot allegedly incorrectly informed the user of a declined transaction that never occurred, causing confusion and prompting a call to customer service for clarification. This false alert suggests a flaw", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PayPal AI Assistant 错误拒绝交易通知", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 13 日，一名用户报告了一起涉及 PayPal 生成式 AI 聊天机器人的事件。据称，该聊天机器人错误地通知用户交易被拒绝，但该交易从未发生过，从而造成混乱，并促使用户致电客户服务部门寻求澄清。此错误警报表明存在缺陷" }, { "date": "2024-05-31", "title": "Hoodline Accused of Misleadingly Attributing AI-Generated Articles to Human Authors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/749/", "description": "In 2023, the news site Hoodline is reported to have begun publishing AI-generated articles with fake bylines, headshots, and biographies, allegedly misleading readers into believing they were authored by real journalists. This practice diminishes public trust and exemplifies the potential dangers of", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hoodline 被指控误导性地将人工智能生成的文章归因于人类作者", "description_zh": "据报道，新闻网站 Hoodline 于 2023 年开始发布人工智能生成的文章，其中包含虚假署名、头像和传记，据称误导读者相信这些文章是由真正的记者撰写的。这种做法削弱了公众的信任并体现了潜在的危险" }, { "date": "2024-07-22", "title": "AI Chatbots Reportedly Inaccurately Conveyed Real-Time Political News", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/750/", "description": "Over a week of back-to-back, significant breaking political news stories, including the Trump rally shooting and Biden’s campaign withdrawal, AI chatbots reportedly failed to provide accurate real-time updates. Most chatbots gave incorrect or outdated information, demonstrating their current limitat", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能聊天机器人无法准确传达实时政治新闻", "description_zh": "据报道，在连续一周的重大突发政治新闻报道中，包括特朗普集会枪击事件和拜登退出竞选活动，人工智能聊天机器人未能提供准确的实时更新。大多数聊天机器人提供了不正确或过时的信息，这表明了它们当前的局限性" }, { "date": "2024-07-25", "title": "SearchGPT Reportedly Misleads Users with Incorrect Festival Dates in Demo", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/751/", "description": "OpenAI’s prototype AI tool, SearchGPT, provided incorrect dates for An Appalachian Summer Festival in Boone, North Carolina during a demonstration video. The AI listed dates that were incorrect, potentially misleading users planning to attend the event, but also harming the reputation of OpenAI as t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，SearchGPT 在演示中以错误的节日日期误导用户", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的原型人工智能工具 SearchGPT 在演示视频中提供了北卡罗来纳州布恩阿巴拉契亚夏季节的错误日期。 AI 列出的日期不正确，可能会误导计划参加该活动的用户，而且还会损害 OpenAI 的声誉。" }, { "date": "2024-07-07", "title": "AI-Generated Obituaries Are Reportedly Intensifying Grief for Bereaved Families", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/752/", "description": "AI-generated obituaries on various websites are reported to have compounded the grief of bereaved families by spreading incorrect and unauthorized information about their loved ones. These obituaries, produced without the families' knowledge, often contain errors and appear on ad-filled sites, exace", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的讣告加剧了死者家属的悲痛", "description_zh": "据报道，人工智能在各个网站上生成的讣告传播了有关亲人的不正确和未经授权的信息，加剧了死者家属的悲痛。这些讣告是在家属不知情的情况下制作的，通常包含错误并出现在充满广告的网站上，例如" }, { "date": "2024-06-06", "title": "BNN Breaking's AI-Driven Errors Reportedly Damage Reputations and Spread Misinformation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/753/", "description": "BNN Breaking, an AI-driven news site, published a false story about Irish DJ Dave Fanning, damaging his reputation. The site used AI to generate error-filled content, leading to numerous complaints and a defamation lawsuit against BNN and Microsoft. The site has since gone dormant.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，BNN Breaking 的人工智能驱动错误损害了声誉并传播了错误信息", "description_zh": "AI 驱动的新闻网站 BNN Breaking 发布了有关爱尔兰 DJ Dave Fanning 的虚假故事，损害了他的声誉。该网站使用人工智能生成充满错误的内容，导致大量投诉以及针对 BNN 和微软的诽谤诉讼。该网站此后一直处于休眠状态。" }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Female Politicians in the United Kingdom Reportedly Victimized by Purported Deepfake Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/754/", "description": "Female politicians in the United Kingdom, including Angela Rayner, Gillian Keegan, Penny Mordaunt, Priti Patel, Stella Creasy, and Dehenna Davison, have reportedly been targeted by nonconsensual, purportedly AI-generated deepfake pornography. The images, which some accounts suggest may have circulat", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，英国女政客因所谓的 Deepfake 色情内容而受害", "description_zh": "据报道，英国的女性政客，包括安吉拉·雷纳 (Angela Rayner)、吉莉安·基冈 (Gillian Keegan)、潘妮·莫当特 (Penny Mordaunt)、普里蒂·帕特尔 (Priti Patel)、斯特拉·克雷西 (Stella Creasy) 和德赫娜·戴维森 (Dehenna Davison)，都成为未经同意、据称由人工智能生成的深度伪造色情内容的目标。一些账户暗示这些图片可能已经流传" }, { "date": "2024-03-07", "title": "Purported Deepfake Targets Olena Zelenska in Alleged Russian Disinformation Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/755/", "description": "A purported deepfake video falsely suggesting that Olena Zelenska, wife of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, purchased a luxury car, reportedly circulated widely online. The video is reportedly part of a Russian-linked disinformation campaign aimed at undermining Ukraine and its supporters.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "所谓的 Deepfake 在所谓的俄罗斯虚假信息活动中针对奥琳娜·泽连斯卡 (Olena Zelenska)", "description_zh": "据报道，一段据称是深度造假的视频在网上广泛流传，该视频错误地暗示乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基的妻子奥琳娜·泽连斯卡购买了一辆豪华汽车。据报道，该视频是与俄罗斯有关的虚假信息活动的一部分，旨在破坏乌克兰及其支持者。" }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Deepfake of Kamala Harris Saying Damaging Comments Circulates on X and Is Amplified by Elon Musk", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/756/", "description": "The X user @MrReaganUSA uploaded a deepfake of Kamala Harris saying damaging comments about Joe Biden and her own qualifications for the presidency, originally marking it as a parody. The post was shared and amplified eight hours later via Elon Musk's account without the disclaimer.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡玛拉·哈里斯 (Kamala Harris) 的 Deepfake 说具有破坏性的评论在 X 上流传，并被埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 放大", "description_zh": "X 用户@MrReaganUSA 上传了卡玛拉·哈里斯 (Kamala Harris) 的深度伪造视频，对乔·拜登和她自己的总统职位资格发表了具有破坏性的评论，最初将其标记为模仿。八小时后，该帖子通过埃隆·马斯克的账户被分享和放大，但没有免责声明。" }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "OpenAI's ChatGPT Mac App Stored User Data in Unencrypted Text Files", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/757/", "description": "OpenAI's ChatGPT macOS app stored user conversations in plain text. If accessed by a malicious actor, these conversations could have been easily read. The critical security flaw was demonstrated by a third party and ultimately resolved after OpenAI released an update to encrypt the stored data.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI 的 ChatGPT Mac 应用程序将用户数据存储在未加密的文本文件中", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的 ChatGPT macOS 应用程序以纯文本形式存储用户对话。如果被恶意行为者访问，这些对话可能很容易被读取。 The critical security flaw was demonstrated by a third party and ultimately resolved after OpenAI released an update to encrypt the stored data." }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "title": "Teen's Overdose Reportedly Linked to Meta's AI Systems Failing to Block Ads for Illegal Drugs", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/758/", "description": "Meta's AI moderation systems reportedly failed to block ads for illegal drugs on Facebook and Instagram, allowing users to access dangerous substances. The system's failure is linked to the overdose death of Elijah Ott, a 15-year-old boy who sought drugs through Instagram.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，青少年吸毒过量与 Meta 的人工智能系统未能拦截非法药物广告有关", "description_zh": "据报道，Meta 的人工智能审核系统未能阻止 Facebook 和 Instagram 上的非法药物广告，从而允许用户获取危险物质。该系统的故障与 15 岁男孩 Elijah Ott 服药过量死亡有关，他通过 Instagram 寻求毒品。" }, { "date": "2021-05-02", "title": "AI-Generated Deepfakes Reportedly Derailed Political Career of Florida Official", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/759/", "description": "Sabrina Javellana, a Florida politician, was reportedly targeted with AI-generated deepfake pornography in February 2021, which was spread online, leading to severe emotional distress and her eventual withdrawal from public life.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的 Deepfakes 使佛罗里达州官员的政治生涯脱轨", "description_zh": "据报道，佛罗里达州政客 Sabrina Javellana 在 2021 年 2 月成为人工智能生成的深度伪造色情内容的目标，这些内容在网上传播，导致她严重情绪困扰，并最终退出公共生活。" }, { "date": "2024-07-21", "title": "False Election Data on Kamala Harris Reportedly Circulated via Grok AI Chatbot", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/760/", "description": "After President Joe Biden stepped aside as a presidential candidate on July 21, 2024, the AI chatbot Grok on X reportedly falsely informed users that Vice President Kamala Harris missed the ballot deadline in nine states. This misinformation, which spread widely on social media, prompted secretaries", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，卡马拉·哈里斯 (Kamala Harris) 的虚假选举数据通过 Grok AI 聊天机器人传播", "description_zh": "据报道，在乔·拜登总统于 2024 年 7 月 21 日辞去总统候选人职务后，X 上的人工智能聊天机器人 Grok 错误地通知用户，副总统卡马拉·哈里斯错过了 9 个州的投票截止日期。这种错误信息在社交媒体上广泛传播，促使秘书们" }, { "date": "2024-08-08", "title": "TikTok AI System Used to Amplify Election Disinformation by Foreign Networks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/761/", "description": "AI-generated misinformation on TikTok, driven by foreign networks, has flooded the platform with false narratives about the 2024 U.S. presidential election. Thousands of videos spreading political lies were identified, potentially influencing millions of users. Despite TikTok’s efforts to remove the", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok人工智能系统被外国网络用来放大选举虚假信息", "description_zh": "在外国网络的推动下，人工智能在 TikTok 上生成的错误信息让该平台充斥着有关 2024 年美国总统大选的虚假叙述。已发现数千个传播政治谎言的视频，可能影响数百万用户。尽管 TikTok 努力删除" }, { "date": "2024-08-14", "title": "Grok AI Reportedly Generates Offensive and Violent Images Without Proper Safeguards", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/762/", "description": "Elon Musk’s Grok AI, launched on X, generated offensive and violent images without adequate safety controls. The AI produced deepfakes of public figures like Taylor Swift, Kamala Harris, and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, as well as copyrighted characters such as Mickey Mouse in inappropriate scenarios.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Grok AI 在没有适当保护措施的情况下生成攻击性和暴力图像", "description_zh": "埃隆·马斯克 (Elon Musk) 在 X 上推出的 Grok AI 在没有足够安全控制的情况下生成了攻击性和暴力图像。人工智能在不适当的场景中制作了泰勒·斯威夫特、卡玛拉·哈里斯和亚历山大·奥卡西奥-科尔特斯等公众人物的深度伪造品，以及米老鼠等受版权保护的角色。" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "title": "Grok AI Chatbot Reportedly Spreads Unfounded Rumors About Trump’s Dentures", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/763/", "description": "Grok, X’s AI-powered chatbot, reportedly spread unsubstantiated claims about former President Trump’s alleged dentures during his interview with Elon Musk. The AI-generated summary is alleged to have falsely stated that Trump’s speech issues were due to missing dentures, despite no evidence. The pos", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Grok AI 聊天机器人散布有关特朗普假牙的毫无根据的谣言", "description_zh": "据报道，X 的人工智能聊天机器人 Grok 在接受埃隆·马斯克采访时散布了有关前总统特朗普涉嫌假牙的未经证实的说法。据称，人工智能生成的摘要错误地指出特朗普的演讲问题是由于缺少假牙造成的，尽管没有证据。职位" }, { "date": "2024-06-26", "title": "Cody Enterprise Reporter Resigns After Admitting to AI-Generated Fake Quotes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/764/", "description": "A reporter at the Cody Enterprise used AI to generate fake quotes and stories, including fabricating statements from Wyoming’s governor and other officials. The misuse of AI was uncovered when another journalist noticed robotic phrases and false information in the articles. The reporter resigned, an", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科迪企业记者在承认人工智能生成虚假报价后辞职", "description_zh": "Cody Enterprise 的一名记者使用人工智能生成虚假引文和故事，包括捏造怀俄明州州长和其他官员的声明。当另一位记者注意到文章中的机械短语和虚假信息时，人工智能的滥用被揭露。记者辞职了" }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "22 Students at Richmond-Burton Community High School in Illinois Targeted by Deepfake Nudes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/765/", "description": "22 students at Richmond-Burton Community High School in Illinois were targeted in the creation of deepfake nudes. One of the students, Stevie Hyder, was targeted by classmates who used deepfake technology to alter her April 2023 prom picture into nude pictures, which were then circulated on social m", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 Richmond-Burton 社区高中的 22 名学生成为 Deepfake 裸体的目标", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州里士满伯顿社区高中的 22 名学生成为制作深度伪造裸体的目标。其中一名学生史蒂维·海德 (Stevie Hyder) 成为同学的目标，他们使用 Deepfake 技术将她 2023 年 4 月的舞会照片改为裸照，然后在社交媒体上传播。" }, { "date": "2024-08-18", "title": "Trump Reportedly Shares Purportedly AI-Generated Images Falsely Suggesting Taylor Swift Endorsement", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/766/", "description": "Donald Trump reportedly shared images that were purportedly generated by AI on social media that are alleged to have depicted Taylor Swift endorsing him for the upcoming election. The images reportedly included Swift dressed as Uncle Sam and fans wearing \"Swifties for Trump\" shirts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，特朗普分享了据称由人工智能生成的图像，错误地暗示泰勒·斯威夫特背书", "description_zh": "据报道，唐纳德·特朗普在社交媒体上分享了据称由人工智能生成的图像，据称这些图像描绘了泰勒·斯威夫特支持他参加即将到来的选举。据报道，这些照片包括打扮成山姆大叔的斯威夫特和穿着“斯威夫特支持特朗普”衬衫的粉丝。" }, { "date": "2024-08-18", "title": "AI Image of Kamala Harris at DNC with Communist Flags Circulated by Trump", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/767/", "description": "Donald Trump shared an AI-generated image on social media that falsely depicted Kamala Harris speaking at a DNC event surrounded by communist imagery including the hammer and sickle of the Soviet Union. The image was intended to undermine Harris ahead of the Democratic National Convention and to sug", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡玛拉·哈里斯在民主党全国委员会的人工智能图像，特朗普散发着共产主义旗帜", "description_zh": "唐纳德·特朗普在社交媒体上分享了一张人工智能生成的图像，该图像错误地描绘了卡玛拉·哈里斯在民主党全国委员会活动上发表讲话，周围环绕着共产主义图像，包括苏联的锤子和镰刀。该图像旨在在民主党全国代表大会之前削弱哈里斯并暗示" }, { "date": "2023-11-03", "title": "ChatGPT Implicated in Samsung Data Leak of Source Code and Meeting Notes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/768/", "description": "Samsung engineers are reported to have inadvertently leaked sensitive company data sometime in March 2023, including source code and internal meeting notes, by using ChatGPT to assist with tasks. The AI retained the inputted data, leading to a breach of confidentiality.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 涉及三星源代码和会议记录数据泄露", "description_zh": "据报道，三星工程师在 2023 年 3 月的某个时候，通过使用 ChatGPT 协助完成任务，无意中泄露了公司敏感数据，包括源代码和内部会议记录。人工智能保留了输入的数据，导致泄露机密。" }, { "date": "2018-04-20", "title": "Investigative Journalist Rana Ayyub Targeted by AI-Generated Deepfake Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/769/", "description": "Investigative journalist Rana Ayyub was targeted by a deepfake porn campaign, where AI-generated explicit content falsely depicted her in a pornographic video. This was part of a broader effort to discredit and silence her, which included a doxxing attack that exposed her personal information that r", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "调查记者 Rana Ayyub 成为人工智能生成的 Deepfake 色情作品的目标", "description_zh": "调查记者拉娜·阿尤布 (Rana Ayyub) 成为深度伪造色情活动的目标，人工智能生成的露骨内容在色情视频中错误地描绘了她。这是抹黑和压制她的更广泛努力的一部分，其中包括一次人肉搜索攻击，暴露了她的个人信息，" }, { "date": "2024-08-16", "title": "Microsoft Copilot Falsely Accuses Journalist Martin Bernklau of Crimes", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/770/", "description": "Microsoft's Copilot is reported to have falsely accused veteran court reporter Martin Bernklau of committing serious crimes, including child abuse and fraud. The tool is described as having generated defamatory content that not only accused Bernklau of multiple crimes he covered as a journalist but", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软副驾驶错误指控记者马丁·伯恩克劳犯罪", "description_zh": "据报道，微软副驾驶错误地指控资深法庭记者马丁·伯恩克劳犯有严重罪行，包括虐待儿童和欺诈。该工具被描述为生成诽谤性内容，不仅指控伯恩克劳作为记者报道的多项罪行，而且" }, { "date": "2020-06-02", "title": "Noelle Martin Deepfaked Without Consent in AI-Generated Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/771/", "description": "In 2017, Noelle Martin discovered explicit deepfake videos online that used AI technology to superimpose her face onto pornographic scenes. This incident was a continuation of the abuse she had experienced since at least 2012, when she first found doctored still images of herself in similar contexts", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诺埃尔·马丁 (Noelle Martin) 在未经同意的情况下在人工智能生成的色情内容中进行 Deepfake", "description_zh": "2017 年，诺埃尔·马丁 (Noelle Martin) 在网上发现了明显的深度伪造视频，这些视频使用人工智能技术将她的脸叠加到色情场景上。这起事件是她至少自 2012 年以来所经历的虐待的延续，当时她第一次在类似的环境中发现了自己被篡改的静态图像" }, { "date": "2024-08-20", "title": "Chatbot in Workplace Training at Bunbury Prison Reveals Real Names in Sexual Harassment Case", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/773/", "description": "During workplace training at Bunbury Prison in Western Australia, a trainer used Microsoft's Copilot AI chatbot to generate case study scenarios. The chatbot produced a scenario that included the real name of a former employee involved in a sexual harassment case, revealing sensitive information.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "班伯里监狱工作场所培训中的聊天机器人在性骚扰案件中透露真实姓名", "description_zh": "在西澳大利亚班伯里监狱的工作场所培训期间，培训师使用 Microsoft 的 Copilot AI 聊天机器人生成案例研究场景。该聊天机器人制作了一个场景，其中包括一名参与性骚扰案件的前员工的真实姓名，从而泄露了敏感信息。" }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Covert AI Influence Operations Linked to Russia, China, Iran, and Israel, OpenAI Reports", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/774/", "description": "In a report released by OpenAI, the company described how its generative AI tools were misused by state actors and private companies in Russia, China, Iran, and Israel to conduct covert influence campaigns aimed at manipulating public opinion and geopolitical narratives.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI 报告称，与俄罗斯、中国、伊朗和以色列有关的秘密人工智能影响行动", "description_zh": "在 OpenAI 发布的一份报告中，该公司描述了其生成式人工智能工具如何被俄罗斯、中国、伊朗和以色列的国家行为者和私营公司滥用，以进行旨在操纵公众舆论和地缘政治叙事的秘密影响活动。" }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "title": "Elon Musk Reportedly Shared an AI-Generated Image Depicting Kamala Harris Dressed as a Communist Ruler", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/775/", "description": "Elon Musk reportedly shared an AI-generated image on X depicting Kamala Harris as a \"communist dictator\" in response to her post about Donald Trump's political intentions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，埃隆·马斯克分享了一张人工智能生成的图像，描绘卡玛拉·哈里斯打扮成共产主义统治者", "description_zh": "据报道，埃隆·马斯克在 X 上分享了一张人工智能生成的图像，将卡玛拉·哈里斯描绘成“共产主义独裁者”，以回应她关于唐纳德·特朗普政治意图的帖子。" }, { "date": "2024-08-21", "title": "Megalopolis Trailer Included Fake AI-Generated Quotes Attributed to Film Critics", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/776/", "description": "Lionsgate pulled the trailer for \"Megalopolis\" after it was discovered to contain fake quotes from well-known film critics, generated by AI. The quotes falsely criticized Francis Ford Coppola's previous films. The incident was attributed to an error in vetting by marketing consultant Eddie Egan. Lio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《特大城市》预告片中包含来自影评人的人工智能生成的虚假台词", "description_zh": "狮门影业公司下架了《Megalopolis》的预告片，因为该预告片被发现包含由人工智能生成的知名影评人的虚假台词。这些引言错误地批评了弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉之前的电影。该事件归因于营销顾问埃迪·伊根审查失误。里奥" }, { "date": "2024-08-28", "title": "South Korea Experiences a Surge of Explicit Deepfake Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/777/", "description": "At the end of August 2024, South Korean authorities began investigating a significant surge in the creation and dissemination, often via Telegram, of explicit deepfake pornography created without consent from the stolen social media content of female classmates, teachers, and neighbors.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国经历了露骨的 Deepfake 色情内容激增", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月底，韩国当局开始调查在未经女同学、老师和邻居窃取的社交媒体内容同意的情况下制作和传播明显的深度伪造色情内容（通常通过 Telegram）的激增现象。" }, { "date": "2024-04-09", "title": "Amazon's Alexa Reportedly Shows Political Preference Error in Trump-Harris Presidential Race Queries", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/778/", "description": "Amazon's Alexa was found to provide politically biased responses when asked about the 2024 presidential candidates. It refused to give reasons to vote for Donald Trump, citing neutrality, while offering detailed endorsements for Kamala Harris. Amazon labeled the discrepancy an \"error\" and reportedly", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，亚马逊 Alexa 在特朗普-哈里斯总统竞选查询中显示政治偏好错误", "description_zh": "当被问及 2024 年总统候选人时，亚马逊 Alexa 被发现提供了带有政治偏见的回答。它以中立为由拒绝给出投票支持唐纳德·特朗普的理由，同时提供了对卡马拉·哈里斯的详细支持。据报道，亚马逊将这种差异标记为“错误”" }, { "date": "2024-04-09", "title": "Music Producer Arrested for Allegedly Using AI-Generated Songs in $10 Million Streaming Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/779/", "description": "Michael Smith was arrested for allegedly using AI-generated songs and fake streaming accounts to scam over $10 million in royalties from major music platforms. By creating hundreds of thousands of songs and employing bots to artificially inflate streams, Smith circumvented fraud detection systems. T", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "音乐制作人因涉嫌在价值 1000 万美元的流媒体诈骗中使用人工智能生成的歌曲而被捕", "description_zh": "迈克尔·史密斯因涉嫌使用人工智能生成的歌曲和虚假流媒体账户从主要音乐平台诈骗超过 1000 万美元的版税而被捕。通过创作数十万首歌曲并使用机器人人为地夸大流量，史密斯绕过了欺诈检测系统。时间" }, { "date": "2024-08-23", "title": "Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson Soldier Faces Allegations of Using AI to Generate Child Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/780/", "description": "Seth Herrera, a U.S. Army soldier at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), is accused of using artificial intelligence to generate pornography depicting minors with whom he was in contact.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃尔门多夫-理查森联合基地士兵面临利用人工智能制作儿童色情内容的指控", "description_zh": "埃尔门多夫-理查森联合基地 (JBER) 的美国陆军士兵塞思·埃雷拉 (Seth Herrera) 被指控使用人工智能制作描绘与他接触的未成年人的色情内容。" }, { "date": "2024-03-09", "title": "Clearview AI Faces $33.7 Million Fine for Violating GDPR with Biometric Data Harvesting", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/781/", "description": "Clearview AI was fined $33.7 million by the Dutch data protection authority for allegedly creating an illegal facial recognition database by scraping billions of images from the Internet without consent. The company used AI to convert these images into biometric data and sold the service to law enfo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Clearview AI 因收集生物识别数据违反 GDPR 面临 3370 万美元罚款", "description_zh": "Clearview AI 因涉嫌未经同意从互联网上抓取数十亿张图像创建非法面部识别数据库而被荷兰数据保护机构罚款 3370 万美元。该公司利用人工智能将这些图像转换为生物识别数据，并将服务出售给 law enfo" }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "AI 'Nudify' Apps Used as Tools for Blackmail and Extortion", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/782/", "description": "AI 'nudify' apps are being used to generate hyperrealistic non-consensual nude photos of individuals, which are then exploited for extortion and harassment. These apps use generative AI to remove clothing from images and create convincing fakes, often distributed on platforms like Telegram. Victims", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能“裸体”应用程序被用作勒索和勒索工具", "description_zh": "人工智能“裸体”应用程序被用来生成超现实的、未经同意的个人裸体照片，然后被用来敲诈和骚扰。这些应用程序使用生成式人工智能从图像中去除衣服并创建令人信服的赝品，这些赝品通常分布在 Telegram 等平台上。受害者" }, { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "WiseTech Global CEO Richard White Reportedly Deepfaked in Multiple Attempts to Scam Staffers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/783/", "description": "WiseTech Global's CEO, Richard White, was targeted in multiple deepfake scam attempts where unknown actors used AI to create videos of him requesting money from staff members via WhatsApp. These repeated attempts were identified by the employees, who realized they were not speaking to the real CEO.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，慧咨环球首席执行官 Richard White 曾多次尝试使用 Deepfake 来诈骗员工", "description_zh": "WiseTech Global 的首席执行官 Richard White 成为多起 Deepfake 诈骗的目标，身份不明的演员利用人工智能制作了他通过 WhatsApp 向员工索要资金的视频。这些重复的尝试被员工发现了，他们意识到他们并不是在与真正的首席执行官交谈。" }, { "date": "2024-04-23", "title": "Child Predators Are Reportedly Generating Deepfake Nudes of Children to Extort Them", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/784/", "description": "Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) has reported that it has found a manual on the dark web that encourages criminals to use \"nudifying\" AI tools to depict children naked in order to extort victims into providing graphic content.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，儿童掠夺者正在制作儿童的深度伪造裸体以勒索他们", "description_zh": "互联网观察基金会（IWF）报告称，它在暗网上发现了一份手册，鼓励犯罪分子使用“裸体”人工智能工具描绘儿童裸体，以勒索受害者提供图形内容。" }, { "date": "2024-08-09", "title": "ESPN's AI Coverage Overlooks Alex Morgan in Her Final Match Recap", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/785/", "description": "ESPN's AI-generated recap of Alex Morgan’s final professional soccer match failed to mention her significant retirement moment, instead providing a standard rundown that missed the emotional context.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ESPN 的人工智能报道忽略了亚历克斯·摩根的最后一场比赛回顾", "description_zh": "ESPN 由人工智能生成的亚历克斯·摩根最后一场职业足球比赛的回顾没有提及她重要的退休时刻，而是提供了一个错过了情感背景的标准概要。" }, { "date": "2022-07-09", "title": "Fraudsters Use Deepfake Video of Tim Cook to Promote Apple Crypto Scam on YouTube", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/786/", "description": "Fraudsters repurposed an old interview with Apple CEO Tim Cook using AI or video editing to promote a fake crypto event on YouTube. The altered video was designed to mislead viewers into believing Tim Cook endorsed a new cryptocurrency scheme. The stream attracted tens of thousands of viewers, poten", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者利用 Tim Cook 的 Deepfake 视频在 YouTube 上宣传 Apple 加密骗局", "description_zh": "欺诈者利用人工智能或视频编辑技术，重新利用了苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克 (Tim Cook) 的旧采访，在 YouTube 上宣传虚假的加密货币活动。修改后的视频旨在误导观众，让他们相信蒂姆·库克认可了新的加密货币计划。直播吸引了数万观众，势不可挡" }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "Deepfake ID Sales Allegedly Persist as OnlyFake Reportedly Relaunches with New Fraud Tools", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/787/", "description": "Researchers from Au10tix discovered the relaunch of OnlyFake, a site offering AI-generated fake IDs. Despite an earlier takedown, the site reemerged with disclaimers and new tools, including handwritten signature generation. These fakes are challenging biometric verification systems and are reported", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，OnlyFake 重新推出新的欺诈工具，Deepfake ID 销售据称持续存在", "description_zh": "Au10tix 的研究人员发现 OnlyFake 重新启动，这是一个提供人工智能生成的假身份证的网站。尽管早些时候被关闭，但该网站重新出现，并带有免责声明和新工具，包括手写签名生成。这些假货正在挑战生物识别系统并被举报" }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Instagram's Algorithm Reportedly Recommended Sexual Content to Teenagers' Accounts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/788/", "description": "Tests by The Wall Street Journal and a researcher reportedly revealed that Instagram's AI-driven Reels algorithm recommends sexually suggestive content to accounts listed as 13 years old. Despite Meta's commitment to restrict such content for minors, explicit videos were served within minutes of acc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Instagram 的算法会向青少年账户推荐色情内容", "description_zh": "据报道，《华尔街日报》和一名研究人员的测试显示，Instagram 的人工智能驱动的 Reels 算法会向年龄为 13 岁的账户推荐性暗示内容。尽管 Meta 承诺限制未成年人观看此类内容，但色情视频在几分钟内就出现了。" }, { "date": "2024-12-06", "title": "Independent News Sites Flagged as Spam by Facebook's AI Moderation System", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/789/", "description": "Facebook's AI moderation system mistakenly flagged and removed legitimate news articles from independent local publishers as spam. This affected publishers worldwide, disrupting content distribution and impacting traffic. Despite attempts to appeal, many publishers received no response.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "独立新闻网站被 Facebook 的人工智能审核系统标记为垃圾邮件", "description_zh": "Facebook 的人工智能审核系统错误地将独立本地出版商的合法新闻文章标记为垃圾邮件并将其删除。这影响了世界各地的出版商，扰乱了内容分发并影响了流量。尽管尝试上诉，但许多出版商没有收到任何回应。" }, { "date": "2024-06-21", "title": "Unrestricted AI Avatar Tool Accidentally Released by TikTok Permits Recitation of Hitler Quotes and Other Harmful Speech", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/790/", "description": "TikTok accidentally released an internal version of its AI digital avatar tool without safeguards, allowing users to generate videos where avatars could recite harmful content, including quotes from Hitler. The tool, meant for advertisers, was accessible to personal accounts and lacked the watermark", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok意外发布的无限制AI头像工具允许背诵希特勒语录和其他有害言论", "description_zh": "TikTok 意外发布了其人工智能数字化身工具的内部版本，没有任何保障措施，允许用户生成视频，其中化身可以背诵有害内容，包括希特勒的名言。该工具适用于广告商，可以通过个人帐户访问并且没有水印" }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "Google AI Error Prompts Parents to Use Fecal Matter in Child Training Exercise", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/791/", "description": "Google's AI Overview feature mistakenly advised parents to use human feces in a potty training exercise, misinterpreting a method that uses shaving cream or peanut butter as a substitute. This incident is another example of an AI failure in grasping contextual nuances that can lead to potentially ha", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌人工智能错误提示家长在儿童训练中使用粪便", "description_zh": "谷歌的人工智能概述功能错误地建议父母在如厕训练中使用人类粪便，误解了使用剃须膏或花生酱作为替代品的方法。这一事件是人工智能未能抓住上下文细微差别的另一个例子，可能会导致潜在的危险。" }, { "date": "2024-04-19", "title": "Unauthorized Use of AI to Replicate Tupac Shakur's and Snoop Dogg's Voices in Drake's 'Taylor Made Freestyle'", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/792/", "description": "Drake released a song, \"Taylor Made Freestyle,\" featuring AI-generated voices of Tupac Shakur and Snoop Dogg. The unauthorized replication of Tupac’s voice without the estate's consent led to a cease-and-desist order.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "未经授权使用人工智能复制 Drake 的“Taylor Made Freestyle”中 Tupac Shakur 和 Snoop Dogg 的声音", "description_zh": "Drake 发布了一首歌曲“Taylor Made Freestyle”，其中包含由人工智能生成的 Tupac Shakur 和 Snoop Dogg 的声音。在未经庄园同意的情况下未经授权复制图帕克的声音导致了停止令。" }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "AllHere's Chatbot 'Ed' Fails and Costs Los Angeles Unified School District $6 Million", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/793/", "description": "The Los Angeles Unified School District invested up to $6 million in developing the AI chatbot \"Ed,\" meant to provide academic and mental health support for students. The chatbot allegedly failed to meet expectations, and the project collapsed when AllHere, the contracted start-up, faced financial d", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AllHere 的聊天机器人“Ed”失败并导致洛杉矶联合学区损失 600 万美元", "description_zh": "洛杉矶联合学区投资高达 600 万美元开发人工智能聊天机器人“Ed”，旨在为学生提供学业和心理健康支持。据称，该聊天机器人未能达到预期，当签约初创公司 AllHere 面临财务困境时，该项目崩溃了。" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "title": "Reported Glitch in Waymo Self-Driving Cars Purportedly Triggers Regular All-Night Honking in San Francisco", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/794/", "description": "Waymo self-driving cars in San Francisco's South of Market neighborhood reportedly began honking at each other late at night, disturbing residents' sleep. The autonomous vehicles, reportedly using a parking lot for ride pauses, triggered honking due to a purported glitch in their algorithms. Despite", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Waymo 自动驾驶汽车出现故障，据称导致旧金山定期整夜鸣喇叭", "description_zh": "据报道，旧金山市场南部社区的 Waymo 自动驾驶汽车在深夜开始互相鸣喇叭，扰乱了居民的睡眠。据报道，这些自动驾驶汽车在停车场暂停行驶，由于算法出现故障而引发鸣笛。尽管" }, { "date": "2024-08-14", "title": "Deepfake Elon Musk Videos Have Reportedly Contributed to Billions in Fraud", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/795/", "description": "Scammers used AI to create deepfake videos of Elon Musk promoting fraudulent investment opportunities. Over time, these scams have reportedly led to billions in investor losses. The deepfakes also use voice cloning technology. They have been distributed on social media and YouTube. In particular, th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Deepfake 埃隆·马斯克视频已造成数十亿美元的欺诈", "description_zh": "骗子利用人工智能制作埃隆·马斯克的深度伪造视频，宣传欺诈性投资机会。据报道，随着时间的推移，这些骗局已导致投资者损失数十亿美元。 Deepfakes 还使用了语音克隆技术。它们已在社交媒体和 YouTube 上发布。特别是，" }, { "date": "2024-01-06", "title": "Facebook's Content Moderation System Flagged and Removed Emergency Updates as Spam During Wildfires", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/796/", "description": "Facebook's AI moderation system wrongly flagged and removed dozens of posts containing vital emergency information during California's wildfire season, including real-time updates on evacuations and fire tracking. Posts from official sources like Cal Fire and the U.S. Forest Service were marked as s", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facebook 的内容审核系统在野火期间将紧急更新标记为垃圾邮件并将其删除", "description_zh": "Facebook 的人工智能审核系统错误地标记并删除了数十条包含加州野火季节重要紧急信息的帖子，包括疏散和火灾跟踪的实时更新。来自加州消防局和美国林业局等官方来源的帖子被标记为 s" }, { "date": "2024-07-06", "title": "Teenager Makes Deepfake Pornography of 50 Girls at Bacchus Marsh Grammar School in Australia", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/797/", "description": "At Bacchus Marsh Grammar, a school in Victoria state in Australia, an adolescent male made deepfake pornography of 50 girls, ages 9 to 12. He then allegedly uploaded the pictures to Instagram, and others subsequently shared them on Snapchat.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "青少年在澳大利亚 Bacchus Marsh 文法学校制作 50 名女孩的 Deepfake 色情作品", "description_zh": "在澳大利亚维多利亚州的一所学校 Bacchus Marsh Grammar，一名青春期男性对 50 名 9 至 12 岁的女孩制作了深度伪造色情内容。据称，他随后将这些照片上传到 Instagram，其他人随后在 Snapchat 上分享了这些照片。" }, { "date": "2024-06-29", "title": "Australian Schools Grappling with Significant Spread of Non-Consensual Spread of Deepfake Pornography of Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/798/", "description": "Throughout 2024, schools in Australia dealt with a significant rise and proliferation of non-consensual deepfake pornography of students. Often, male students are reported to use \"nudify\" apps such as Undress AI with images of their classmates and teachers. Many of the sites have remained legal and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "澳大利亚学校正在努力应对未经同意的学生深造色情内容的大量传播", "description_zh": "2024 年全年，澳大利亚学校面临着未经同意的深度伪造学生色情内容的显着增加和扩散。据报道，男学生经常使用带有同学和老师图像的“裸体”应用程序，例如 Undress AI。许多网站仍然合法且" }, { "date": "2023-10-15", "title": "Aledo High School Student Allegedly Generates and Distributes Deepfake Nudes of Seven Female Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/799/", "description": "In October 2023, an unnamed male student at Aledo High School outside of Fort Worth, Texas allegedly generated and distributed deepfake nude pictures of classmate Elliston Berry and six other female students in her friend group via social media. Berry's mother, Anna McAdams, spoke with Senators Ted", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿莱多高中生涉嫌制作并传播七名女同学的 Deepfake 裸照", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月，德克萨斯州沃思堡郊外阿莱多高中的一名不愿透露姓名的男学生据称通过社交媒体制作并分发了同学埃利斯顿·贝里和她朋友群中其他六名女学生的深度伪造裸照。贝瑞的母亲安娜·麦克亚当斯与参议员特德交谈" }, { "date": "2024-03-09", "title": "53% of American and British Businesses Report Attacks by AI-Powered Deepfake Scams in 2024", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/800/", "description": "According to Medius, Deepfake scams have targeted 53% of businesses in the U.S. and U.K., with 43% falling victim. Using AI to create realistic fake videos and audio of corporate executives, scammers have successfully stolen millions, including $25 million from British engineering group Arup.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "53% 的美国和英国企业报告称 2024 年将遭受人工智能驱动的 Deepfake 诈骗攻击", "description_zh": "据 Medius 称，Deepfake 诈骗已针对美国和英国 53% 的企业，其中 43% 成为受害者。诈骗者利用人工智能创建企业高管的真实虚假视频和音频，已成功窃取数百万美元，其中包括英国工程集团奥雅纳 (Arup) 的 2500 万美元。" }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "title": "Bias in AI Deepfake Detection Undermines Election Security in Global South", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/801/", "description": "AI deepfake detection tools are reportedly failing voters in the Global South due to biases in their training data. These tools, which prioritize English language and Western faces, show reduced accuracy when detecting manipulated content from non-Western regions. As a result of this detection gap,", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能 Deepfake 检测中的偏见破坏了南半球的选举安全", "description_zh": "据报道，由于训练数据存在偏差，人工智能深度伪造检测工具在南半球选民中表现不佳。这些工具优先考虑英语和西方面孔，在检测来自非西方地区的操纵内容时，其准确性较低。由于这种检测差距，" }, { "date": "2024-09-13", "title": "Purported Deepfake of Brian May Allegedly Exploited in Scam Offering Fake Queen Backstage Tickets", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/802/", "description": "Scammers allegedly created an AI-generated deepfake of Queen guitarist Brian May, reportedly posting a video on TikTok in which the fake May offers backstage tickets to a Queen concert. The real Brian May reportedly warned fans about this \"disgusting\" scam, emphasizing that Queen has no tour dates p", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，布莱恩·梅 (Brian May) 的 Deepfake 涉嫌在提供假皇后后台门票的诈骗中被利用", "description_zh": "诈骗者据称创建了人工智能生成的皇后乐队吉他手布莱恩·梅 (Brian May) 的深度伪造品，据报道，诈骗者在 TikTok 上发布了一段视频，其中假冒的梅提供了皇后乐队音乐会的后台门票。据报道，真正的布莱恩·梅警告粉丝注意这一“恶心”的骗局，并强调皇后乐队没有巡演日期" }, { "date": "2024-05-14", "title": "Facebook's Algorithm Reportedly Amplifies AI-Generated Content, Fueling Misleading Posts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/803/", "description": "AI-generated spam images are increasingly filling Facebook feeds, with the platform’s algorithm reportedly amplifying these posts. Many of these images are bizarre, fake, and used in scams, misleading users into engaging with non-existent products or clickbait.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Facebook 的算法放大了人工智能生成的内容，助长了误导性帖子", "description_zh": "人工智能生成的垃圾邮件图像越来越多地充斥 Facebook 信息流，据报道该平台的算法放大了这些帖子。其中许多图像都是奇怪的、虚假的，并用于诈骗，误导用户使用不存在的产品或点击诱饵。" }, { "date": "2024-07-30", "title": "AI-Generated Fake 'True Crime' Video About Non-Existent Littleton Murder Goes Viral", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/804/", "description": "An AI-generated \"true crime\" video on YouTube falsely depicted a Littleton man's \"secret gay love affair\" and murder by his stepson. The 25-minute video, which garnered nearly 2 million views, fabricated details and used deepfake technology to deceive viewers into believing the story was real. Despi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的关于不存在的利特尔顿谋杀案的虚假“真实犯罪”视频在网上疯传", "description_zh": "YouTube 上一段由人工智能生成的“真实犯罪”视频错误地描述了一名利特尔顿男子的“秘密同性恋恋情”以及被继子谋杀的情况。这段 25 分钟的视频获得了近 200 万次观看，其中捏造了细节，并使用 Deepfake 技术欺骗观众相信故事是真实的。德斯皮" }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Senator Ben Cardin Reportedly Received a Purported Deepfake Zoom Call Impersonating Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/805/", "description": "Senator Ben Cardin was reportedly targeted with a purported deepfake on a Zoom call that appeared to imitate former Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba. The allegedly AI-generated video reproduced his likeness and voice but drew attention when the caller asked unusual questions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，参议员本·卡丁收到了冒充乌克兰前外交部长德米特罗·库莱巴的 Deepfake Zoom 电话", "description_zh": "据报道，参议员本·卡丁 (Ben Cardin) 在 Zoom 通话中遭到了据称是深度伪造的目标，该通话似乎模仿了乌克兰前外交部长德米特罗·库莱巴 (Dmytro Kuleba)。这段据称是人工智能生成的视频再现了他的肖像和声音，但当来电者提出不寻常的问题时引起了人们的注意。" }, { "date": "2024-09-13", "title": "Criminal Group Uses AI Deepfake Technology to Steal Personal Data in Hangzhou, Zhejiang", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/806/", "description": "A criminal group in China used AI face-swapping technology to bypass face recognition systems on major platforms, steal personal data, and sell it to fraud syndicates. The group generated convincing video simulations from static photos to breach accounts, reportedly earning 200,000 yuan. After an in", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "浙江杭州犯罪集团利用AI Deepfake技术窃取个人数据", "description_zh": "中国的一个犯罪集团利用人工智能换脸技术绕过各大平台的人脸识别系统，窃取个人数据，并将其出售给诈骗集团。该组织制作了从静态照片到违规账户的令人信服的视频模拟，据报道赚取了 20 万元人民币。进入后" }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "title": "ChatGPT Reportedly Introduces Errors in Critical Child Protection Court Report", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/807/", "description": "A child protection worker in Victoria, Australia reportedly used ChatGPT to draft a report submitted to the Children's Court. The purportedly AI-generated report contained inaccuracies and downplayed risks to the child, allegedly resulting in a privacy breach when sensitive information was shared wi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 在重要的儿童保护法庭报告中引入了错误", "description_zh": "据报道，澳大利亚维多利亚州的一名儿童保护工作者使用 ChatGPT 起草了一份提交给儿童法院的报告。据称，人工智能生成的报告包含不准确之处，并淡化了对儿童的风险，据称在与他人共享敏感信息时导致隐私泄露。" }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "Infinite Campus AI-Driven Student Risk Model Leads to Cuts in Support for Nevada's Low-Income Schools", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/808/", "description": "An AI system developed by Infinite Campus and deployed by Nevada to identify at-risk students led to a sharp reduction in the number classified as needing support, dropping from 270,000 to 65,000. The reclassification caused significant budget cuts in schools serving low-income populations. The dras", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "无限校园人工智能驱动的学生风险模型导致内华达州低收入学校的支持削减", "description_zh": "Infinite Campus 开发并由内华达州部署的人工智能系统用于识别高危学生，导致需要支持的人数急剧减少，从 270,000 人下降到 65,000 人。重新分类导致为低收入人群服务的学校预算大幅削减。德拉斯" }, { "date": "2024-07-04", "title": "TikTok Hosts AI-Generated English-Language Hitler Speeches with Millions of Views", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/809/", "description": "AI-generated English-language Adolf Hitler speeches have been proliferating on TikTok. They are reportedly accumulating millions of views despite violating the platform’s hate speech policies. The clips are described as often pairing the audio with misleading translations and memes that glorify Hitl", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 主持人工智能生成的希特勒英语演讲，观看次数数百万次", "description_zh": "人工智能生成的阿道夫·希特勒英文演讲在 TikTok 上激增。据报道，尽管违反了该平台的仇恨言论政策，但他们还是积累了数百万次观看次数。这些剪辑被描述为经常将音频与误导性的翻译和赞美 Hitl 的模因配对" }, { "date": "2024-07-29", "title": "TikTok Network Amplifies AI-Generated Nazi Propaganda and Hate Speech", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/810/", "description": "A coordinated neo-Nazi network on TikTok used AI-generated media, including Hitler speeches, to spread Nazi propaganda and extremist content, violating TikTok’s hate speech policies. The network evaded platform moderation through coded language, imagery, and music, with some accounts accumulating mi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 网络放大人工智能生成的纳粹宣传和仇恨言论", "description_zh": "TikTok 上的一个协调的新纳粹网络使用人工智能生成的媒体（包括希特勒演讲）来传播纳粹宣传和极端主义内容，违反了 TikTok 的仇恨言论政策。该网络通过编码语言、图像和音乐逃避平台审核，一些​​帐户积累了米" }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "AI-Powered Transcription Services Allegedly Leak Confidential Workplace Discussions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/811/", "description": "AI-powered meeting assistants, such as Otter.ai’s OtterPilot and Zoom's AI Companion, have reportedly shared sensitive and private conversations beyond the intended audience. These AI tools, which are set to automatically record and distribute meeting transcripts, allegedly sent confidential discuss", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能驱动的转录服务涉嫌泄露机密工作场所讨论", "description_zh": "据报道，Otter.ai 的 OtterPilot 和 Zoom 的 AI Companion 等人工智能会议助理已经分享了目标受众之外的敏感和私人对话。这些人工智能工具被设置为自动记录和分发会议记录，据称发送机密讨论" }, { "date": "2023-11-12", "title": "Deepfake Nudes Targeting Underage Female Students at Collège Béliveau in Winnipeg Shared Online", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/812/", "description": "At Collège Béliveau in Winnipeg, female students between grades 7-12 were targeted in the creation of deepfake nudes, which were then distributed online. Specific numbers and identities of victims and perpetrators were not released, and no charges were ultimately filed owing to the gap between exist", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "温尼伯贝利沃学院针对未成年女学生的 Deepfake 裸体在网上分享", "description_zh": "在温尼伯的贝利沃学院，7 至 12 年级的女学生成为创作 Deepfake 裸体的目标，然后在网上分发。受害者和肇事者的具体人数和身份没有公布，由于两者之间存在差距，最终没有提出任何指控。" }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Starship Technologies Delivery Robot Reportedly Injures Arizona State University Employee", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/813/", "description": "A semi-autonomous delivery robot operated by Starship Technologies reportedly struck a pedestrian employed by Arizona State University on the campus sometime in September 2023, purportedly causing injuries after abruptly reversing into her. The robot is reported to have initially knocked the pedestr", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Starship Technologies 送货机器人导致亚利桑那州立大学员工受伤", "description_zh": "据报道，2023 年 9 月的某个时候，Starship Technologies 运营的半自动送货机器人在校园内撞到了亚利桑那州立大学雇用的一名行人，据称是在突然倒车后造成她受伤。据报道，机器人最初撞倒了行人" }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "AI Avatar of Murder Victim Created Without Consent on Character.ai Platform", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/814/", "description": "A user on the Character.ai platform created an unauthorized AI avatar of Jennifer Ann Crecente, a murder victim from 2006, without her family's consent. The avatar was made publicly available, violating Character.ai's policy against impersonation. After the incident surfaced, Character.ai removed th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在Character.ai平台上未经同意创建谋杀受害者的AI头像", "description_zh": "Character.ai 平台上的一名用户未经授权，在未经家人同意的情况下，为 2006 年谋杀案受害者詹妮弗·安·克雷森特 (Jennifer Ann Crecente) 创建了一个未经授权的人工智能头像。该头像已公开发布，违反了 Character.ai 的反假冒政策。事件曝光后，Character.ai 删除了该事件" }, { "date": "2024-06-10", "title": "Police Use of Facial Recognition Software Causes Wrongful Arrests Without Defendant Knowledge", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/815/", "description": "Police departments across the U.S. have used facial recognition software to identify suspects in criminal investigations, leading to multiple false arrests and wrongful detentions. The software's unreliability, especially in identifying people of color, has resulted in misidentifications that were n", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "警方使用面部识别软件在被告不知情的情况下导致错误逮捕", "description_zh": "美国各地警察部门在刑事调查中使用面部识别软件识别嫌疑人，导致多起误捕和错误拘留事件。该软件的不可靠性，尤其是在识别有色人种方面，导致了严重的误识别。" }, { "date": "2019-11-29", "title": "Cross-Jurisdictional Facial Recognition Misidentification by NYPD Leads to Wrongful Arrest and Four-Year Jail Time in New Jersey", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/816/", "description": "In 2019, facial recognition technology misidentified Francisco Arteaga as a suspect in an armed robbery in New Jersey. The incident led to nearly four years of pretrial incarceration. Despite having an alibi, Arteaga was charged based on the flawed identification. The legal battle that followed resu", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约警察局跨辖区面部识别错误识别导致新泽西州错误逮捕和四年监禁", "description_zh": "2019 年，面部识别技术将弗朗西斯科·阿特亚加 (Francisco Arteaga) 误认为是新泽西州一起武装抢劫案的嫌疑人。该事件导致审前监禁近四年。尽管阿特亚加有不在场证据，但他还是因身份识别错误而受到指控。结果之后的法律战" }, { "date": "2024-09-24", "title": "Purportedly AI-Generated Images Reportedly Spread Misinformation During Hurricane Helene Response", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/817/", "description": "During Hurricane Helene (September 24-29, 2024), purportedly AI-generated images circulated on social media, reportedly misleading the public and hindering disaster response efforts. Reportedly fake images including animals stranded on rooftops and political figures in floodwaters added confusion an", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的图像在飓风海伦响应期间传播了错误信息", "description_zh": "在海伦飓风期间（2024 年 9 月 24 日至 29 日），据称人工智能生成的图像在社交媒体上流传，据报道误导了公众并阻碍了救灾工作。据报道，虚假图像包括被困在屋顶上的动物和洪水中的政治人物，这增加了混乱和混乱。" }, { "date": "2024-09-28", "title": "Jennifer Aniston’s Likeness Allegedly Exploited in Purported Deepfake Collagen Supplement Promotion", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/818/", "description": "A purportedly AI-generated deepfake video featuring Jennifer Aniston falsely promoting collagen supplements reportedly circulated on Facebook, misleading viewers about her involvement. The video, reportedly created without her consent, used footage from a previous roundtable interview, purportedly m", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "詹妮弗·安妮斯顿的肖像据称被利用来进行 Deepfake 胶原蛋白补充剂促销", "description_zh": "据报道，一段由人工智能生成的深度造假视频，其中詹妮弗·安妮斯顿虚假宣传胶原蛋白补充剂，在 Facebook 上流传，误导观众了解她的参与。据报道，该视频是在未经她同意的情况下制作的，使用了之前圆桌会议采访的镜头，据称是" }, { "date": "2024-09-10", "title": "ProKYC Tool Allegedly Facilitates Deepfake-Based Account Fraud on Cryptocurrency Exchanges", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/819/", "description": "Cato CTRL security researchers reported that the cybercriminal group ProKYC is selling a deepfake tool capable of bypassing biometric and two-factor authentication (2FA) systems on cryptocurrency exchanges. The tool creates synthetic identities using AI-generated videos and forged documents, enablin", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ProKYC 工具据称助长了加密货币交易所上基于 Deepfake 的账户欺诈", "description_zh": "Cato CTRL 安全研究人员报告称，网络犯罪组织 ProKYC 正在销售一种深度伪造工具，该工具能够绕过加密货币交易所的生物识别和双因素身份验证 (2FA) 系统。该工具使用人工智能生成的视频和伪造的文档创建合成身份，使" }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "Alleged AI-Generated Photo Alteration Leads to Inappropriate Modifications in Speaker's Conference Picture", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/820/", "description": "An AI image expansion tool used by a conference organizer unintentionally altered Elizabeth Laraki’s profile picture for a marketing ad, making her blouse appear unbuttoned and showing a fabricated hint of undergarments. The AI generated the lower part of the image when expanding it for vertical for", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能生成的照片篡改导致演讲者会议图片被不当修改", "description_zh": "会议组织者使用的人工智能图像扩展工具无意中更改了伊丽莎白·拉拉基（Elizabeth Laraki）的营销广告个人资料图片，使她的衬衫看起来没有扣子，并显示出虚假的内衣痕迹。 AI 在垂直扩展图像时生成了图像的下半部分" }, { "date": "2024-07-07", "title": "Baidu Robotaxi Allegedly Involved in Collision with Pedestrian in Wuhan", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/821/", "description": "On July 7, 2024, a Baidu Robotaxi reportedly collided with a pedestrian at a traffic intersection in Wuhan. The incident occurred as the autonomous vehicle started moving on a green light while the pedestrian was allegedly crossing against a red light. The pedestrian sustained minor injuries, and Ba", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "百度Robotaxi涉嫌在武汉与行人相撞", "description_zh": "据报道，2024年7月7日，一辆百度Robotaxi在武汉一个交通路口与行人相撞。事件发生时，自动驾驶汽车开始绿灯行驶，而行人据称正在闯红灯。行人受轻伤，巴" }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "Algorithmic Bias in French Welfare System Allegedly Discriminates Against Marginalized Groups", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/822/", "description": "A coalition of 15 human rights groups has launched legal action against the French government alleging that an algorithm used to detect welfare fraud discriminates against single mothers and disabled people. The algorithm assigns risk scores based on personal data. The process allegedly subjects vul", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法国福利体系中的算法偏见据称歧视边缘群体", "description_zh": "由 15 个人权组织组成的联盟已对法国政府发起法律诉讼，指控用于检测福利欺诈的算法歧视单身母亲和残疾人。该算法根据个人数据分配风险评分。据称该过程存在漏洞" }, { "date": "2024-03-05", "title": "Cybercheck Tool Allegedly Provides Questionable Evidence in Murder Trials", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/823/", "description": "Global Intelligence's Cybercheck AI tool, used by law enforcement to track suspects based on open source data, has allegedly been providing inaccurate or unverifiable evidence in several murder trials. Reportedly the tool lacks transparency and often produces unreliable reports, which has prompted p", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称网络检查工具在谋杀案审判中提供了可疑的证据", "description_zh": "执法部门使用全球情报公司的 Cyber​​check AI 工具根据开源数据追踪嫌疑人，据称该工具在几起谋杀案审判中提供了不准确或无法核实的证据。据报道，该工具缺乏透明度，经常生成不可靠的报告，这促使人们" }, { "date": "2024-10-16", "title": "Purported Deepfake Allegedly Misattributes Claims to Former Student in Attack on Vice-Presidential Candidate Tim Walz", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/824/", "description": "A purported viral deepfake accused Democratic vice-presidential nominee Tim Walz of misconduct by using the stolen identity of former student Matthew Metro. Circulated on X and other platforms, the video reportedly reached millions before being flagged for manipulation. U.S. intelligence later revea", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Deepfake 在攻击副总统候选人蒂姆·沃尔兹 (Tim Walz) 时误将其说法归咎于前学生", "description_zh": "据称，病毒式深度造假指控民主党副总统候选人蒂姆·沃尔兹 (Tim Walz) 使用被盗的前学生马修·梅特罗 (Matthew Metro) 身份进行不当行为。据报道，该视频在 X 和其他平台上传播，在被标记为操纵之前已达到数百万次。美国情报部门随后透露" }, { "date": "2024-08-10", "title": "AI News Site Hoodline San Jose Erroneously Misidentifies San Mateo District Attorney as Murder Suspect", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/825/", "description": "An AI-powered news site, Hoodline San Jose, falsely reported that the San Mateo County District Attorney had been charged with murder, which was an error resulting from misinterpreting a press release about a case the DA's office was prosecuting. The AI-generated article wrongly attributed the crime", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 新闻网站 Hoodline San Jose 错误地将圣马特奥地区检察官误认为谋杀嫌疑人", "description_zh": "人工智能驱动的新闻网站 Hoodline San Jose 错误地报道了圣马特奥县地方检察官被指控谋杀，这是由于误解了地方检察官办公室正在起诉的案件的新闻稿而导致的错误。人工智能生成的文章错误地归因了犯罪行为" }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "Character.ai Chatbot Allegedly Influenced Teen User Toward Suicide Amid Claims of Missing Guardrails", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/826/", "description": "A 14-year-old, Sewell Setzer III, died by suicide after reportedly becoming dependent on Character.ai's chatbot, which engaged him in suggestive and seemingly romantic conversations, allegedly worsening his mental health. The chatbot, personified as a fictional Game of Thrones character, reportedly", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.ai 聊天机器人因护栏缺失而影响青少年用户自杀", "description_zh": "据报道，14 岁的 Sewell Setzer III 因依赖 Character.ai 的聊天机器人而自杀身亡，该机器人让他进行暗示性且看似浪漫的对话，据称导致他的心理健康状况恶化。据报道，该聊天机器人被拟人化为《权力的游戏》中的虚构角色" }, { "date": "2024-10-26", "title": "AI Transcription Tool Whisper Reportedly Inserting Fabricated Content in Medical Transcripts", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/827/", "description": "OpenAI's AI-powered transcription tool Whisper, used to translate and transcribe audio content such as patient consultations with doctors, is advertised as having near “human level robustness and accuracy.” However, software engineers, developers and academic researchers have alleged that it is pro", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能转录工具 Whisper 在医疗记录中插入了捏造的内容", "description_zh": "OpenAI 的人工智能转录工具 Whisper 用于翻译和转录音频内容，例如患者与医生的咨询，被宣传为具有接近“人类水平的稳健性和准确性”。 然而，软件工程师、开发人员和学术研究人员声称它是专业的" }, { "date": "2024-10-13", "title": "Uruguayan TV Program Santo y Seña Uses a Deepfake of Political Candidate Yamandú Orsi Without His Consent", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/828/", "description": "Uruguayan TV program Santo y Seña, hosted by Ignacio Álvarez, used AI to create a virtual representation of political candidate Yamandú Orsi, who declined an appearance. Nevertheless, without Orsi's permission, an AI-generated \"Orsi\" was shown alongside Andrés Ojeda, a rival candidate who appeared i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "乌拉圭电视节目 Santo y Seña 在未经政治候选人亚曼杜·奥尔西同意的情况下使用了深度伪造的图像", "description_zh": "由伊格纳西奥·阿尔瓦雷斯 (Ignacio Álvarez) 主持的乌拉圭电视节目 Santo y Seña 使用人工智能创建了拒绝露面的政治候选人亚曼杜·奥尔西 (Yamandú Orsi) 的虚拟代表。然而，在未经奥尔西许可的情况下，人工智能生成的“奥尔西”与安德烈斯·奥赫达（Andrés Ojeda）一起出现，安德烈斯·奥赫达是一位在" }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "title": "Facial Recognition System in Buenos Aires Triggers Police Checks Based on False Matches", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/829/", "description": "Buenos Aires's facial recognition system mistakenly flagged innocent people as criminals, leading to wrongful stops and detentions. Judicial investigations indicate the technology may have been misused for unauthorized surveillance and data collection. Despite privacy risks, the system has been used", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布宜诺斯艾利斯的面部识别系统根据错误匹配触发警方检查", "description_zh": "Buenos Aires's facial recognition system mistakenly flagged innocent people as criminals, leading to wrongful stops and detentions.司法调查表明该技术可能被滥用于未经授权的监视和数据收集。尽管存在隐私风险，但该系统已被使用" }, { "date": "2024-07-04", "title": "Error-Prone AI Accessibility Tools Reportedly Lead to Navigation Issues for Blind Internet Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/830/", "description": "AI-powered accessibility overlays on websites frequently mislabel or misinterpret content, in turn complicating navigation for blind users and others with disabilities. Users report that the AI tools interfere with screen readers and mislead them with inaccurate descriptions. The reported unreliabil", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，容易出错的人工智能辅助工具会导致盲人互联网用户出现导航问题", "description_zh": "网站上由人工智能支持的辅助功能覆盖层经常会错误标记或误解内容，从而使盲人用户和其他残疾人的导航变得复杂。用户报告称，人工智能工具会干扰屏幕阅读器，并以不准确的描述误导他们。报道内容不可靠" }, { "date": "2024-10-23", "title": "NYC Subway AI Weapons Scanners Yield High False Positive Rate and Detect No Guns in Month-Long Pilot Test", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/831/", "description": "NYC implemented an AI enabled weapons scanner for a month-long pilot with limited success. Despite not finding any weapons during the September 2024 testing phase, there were 118 false positives in which a person was searched under suspicion of carrying a weapon with no actual gun detections.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约地铁人工智能武器扫描仪误报率很高，在长达一个月的试点测试中没有检测到枪支", "description_zh": "纽约市为为期一个月的试点实施了人工智能武器扫描仪，但成效有限。尽管在 2024 年 9 月的测试阶段没有发现任何武器，但还是出现了 118 起误报，其中有人因涉嫌携带武器而被搜查，但没有实际检测到枪支。" }, { "date": "2024-06-04", "title": "Reportedly Viral AI-Generated Song about 'Diddy Party' Allegedly Mimics Justin Bieber", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/832/", "description": "A purportedly AI-generated song imitating Justin Bieber's voice, allegedly referencing a \"Diddy party,\" spread widely across social media, reportedly leading fans to believe it was authentic. Experts reportedly identified the audio as likely AI-made, citing frequency mismatches and digital artifacts", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的有关“Diddy Party”的歌曲据称模仿贾斯汀·比伯", "description_zh": "一首据称由人工智能生成的模仿贾斯汀·比伯声音的歌曲，据称提到了“吹牛老爹派对”，该歌曲在社交媒体上广泛传播，据报道导致粉丝相信这是真实的。据报道，专家认为该音频可能是人工智能制作的，理由是频率不匹配和数字伪影" }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "Polish Radio Station Replaces Human Hosts with AI-Generated Presenters to Simulate Interviewing Deceased Poet Wisława Szymborska", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/833/", "description": "Polish radio station Off Radio Krakow replaced human presenters with AI-generated ones and aired a simulated interview with the deceased poet Wisława Szymborska. The AI-driven experiment aimed to attract younger listeners but led to job losses for former hosts. In response to the public backlash, th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波兰广播电台用人工智能生成的主持人取代人类主持人，模拟采访已故诗人 Wisława Szymborska", "description_zh": "波兰克拉科夫广播电台用人工智能生成的主持人取代了人类主持人，并播出了对已故诗人维斯瓦瓦·辛波斯卡的模拟采访。这项由人工智能驱动的实验旨在吸引年轻听众，但导致前主持人失业。为了回应公众的强烈反对，" }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "China Targets AI-Driven Fraud and Deepfake Scandals with New Crackdowns", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/834/", "description": "Chinese law enforcement has targeted a rise in AI-driven crimes. The crimes include deepfake and voice synthesis used for fraud, identity theft, and unauthorized personality rights usage. In particular, \"AI undressing\" scams, fake relationships using synthesized voices, and game hacking software mak", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国通过新的打击措施打击人工智能驱动的欺诈和深度造假丑闻", "description_zh": "中国执法部门瞄准了人工智能驱动犯罪的增加。这些犯罪行为包括用于欺诈、身份盗窃和未经授权的人格权使用的深度伪造和语音合成。尤其是“AI脱衣”诈骗、合成语音虚假关系、游戏黑客软件等，使" }, { "date": "2024-06-08", "title": "Purportedly AI-Manipulated Synthetic Media Allegedly Fuels False Reports of Natural Disasters and Accidents in China", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/835/", "description": "In China, purported AI tools were reportedly used to fabricate and disseminate false reports of disasters, including a landslide in Yunnan, an earthquake in Sichuan, and a sudden death after a traffic incident. On May 27, 2024, a real 5.0-magnitude earthquake occurred in Muli County, Sichuan, with n", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能操纵的合成媒体助长了对中国自然灾害和事故的虚假报道", "description_zh": "据报道，在中国，所谓的人工智能工具被用来编造和传播灾难的虚假报告，包括云南山体滑坡、四川地震以及交通事故后的猝死。 2024年5月27日，四川省木里县发生5.0级地震，震级为5.0级。" }, { "date": "2024-07-23", "title": "Sichuan Province Beset by Numerous Fabricated AI-Generated Reports of Disasters and Crises", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/836/", "description": "In Sichuan, AI tools were reportedly used to create and disseminate false reports across various cities, including fabricated stories of landslides, earthquakes, standoffs, accidents, and health-related incidents. These AI-driven rumors misled the public, caused alarm and confusion, and strained loc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "四川省受到大量人工智能生成的虚假灾难和危机报告的困扰", "description_zh": "In Sichuan, AI tools were reportedly used to create and disseminate false reports across various cities, including fabricated stories of landslides, earthquakes, standoffs, accidents, and health-related incidents.这些人工智能驱动的谣言误导了公众，引起恐慌和混乱，并导致当地紧张。" }, { "date": "2024-02-11", "title": "Reportedly Fake CNN Broadcast Allegedly Used to Spread False Texas Election Results", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/837/", "description": "A reportedly fabricated CNN broadcast graphic showing early Texas election results for the 2024 U.S. presidential race circulated on social media on November 2, 2024. The purportedly manipulated image claimed that Vice President Kamala Harris led over Donald Trump before polls opened, allegedly fuel", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，虚假的 CNN 广播据称被用来传播虚假的德克萨斯州选举结果", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 2 日，据报道捏造的 CNN 广播图片显示了 2024 年美国总统竞选德克萨斯州早期选举结果，该图片在社交媒体上流传。这张据称经过篡改的图片声称副总统卡马拉·哈里斯在民意调查开始前领先唐纳德·特朗普，据称这助长了" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "title": "Microsoft Copilot Allegedly Provides Unsafe Medical Advice with High Risk of Severe Harm", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/838/", "description": "Microsoft Copilot, when asked medical questions, was reportedly found to provide accurate information only 54% of the time, according to European researchers (citation provided in editor's notes). Analysis by the researchers reported that 42% of Copilot's responses could cause moderate to severe har", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软 Copilot 涉嫌提供不安全的医疗建议，造成严重伤害的风险很高", "description_zh": "据欧洲研究人员称，据报道，当被问及医疗问题时，Microsoft Copilot 只能提供 54% 的准确信息（编者注中提供了引文）。研究人员分析称，副驾驶 42% 的反应可能会导致中度至重度伤害" }, { "date": "2024-07-10", "title": "Purportedly AI-Driven Phishing Scam Uses Spoofed Google Call to Attempt Gmail Breach of Security Expert", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/839/", "description": "Scammers allegedly used a purportedly AI-generated voice to impersonate a Google representative in an attempt to steal Gmail account credentials from security expert Sam Mitrovic. The reportedly AI-driven phishing call used a spoofed Google phone number and a fabricated email, making the scam appear", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称由人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼诈骗利用欺骗性的 Google 电话来尝试 Gmail 违规", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者使用据称是人工智能生成的声音来冒充谷歌代表，试图从安全专家 Sam Mitrovic 那里窃取 Gmail 帐户凭据。据报道，人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼电话使用了欺骗性的谷歌电话号码和伪造的电子邮件，使骗局浮出水面" }, { "date": "2024-09-18", "title": "AI-Generated Media Reportedly Used in Russian Disinformation Campaign in Moldova", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/840/", "description": "Russian-linked entities allegedly deployed AI-generated images and videos to spread disinformation aimed at swaying Moldova’s referendum on E.U. membership. The AI-enhanced media campaign included fabricated stories and doctored visuals, the purpose of which was reportedly designed to amplify fear a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，俄罗斯在摩尔多瓦的虚假信息活动中使用了人工智能生成的媒体", "description_zh": "据称，与俄罗斯有联系的实体利用人工智能生成的图像和视频来传播虚假信息，旨在影响摩尔多瓦的脱欧公投。会员资格。人工智能增强的媒体活动包括捏造故事和篡改视觉效果，据报道其目的是为了放大恐惧" }, { "date": "2024-01-10", "title": "Purportedly AI-Manipulated Video Allegedly Targets Moldovan Economic Development Minister Dumitru Alaiba in Election Disinformation Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/841/", "description": "A purportedly AI-manipulated video and some photos circulated online depicting Moldova's Economic Development Minister, Dumitru Alaiba, in compromising situations as part of an alleged disinformation campaign by pro-Kremlin supporters, one that has been reported to rely on AI to generate fake conten", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能操纵的视频在选举虚假信息运动中针对摩尔多瓦经济发展部长杜米特鲁·阿拉伊巴", "description_zh": "一段据称由人工智能操纵的视频和一些照片在网上流传，显示摩尔多瓦经济发展部长杜米特鲁·阿拉伊巴 (Dumitru Alaiba) 在亲克里姆林宫支持者所谓的虚假信息活动中处于妥协的境地，据报道，该活动依靠人工智能生成虚假内容" }, { "date": "2024-05-24", "title": "Reportedly Hacked AI-Powered Robot Vacuums Allegedly Used for Surveillance and Harassment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/842/", "description": "Hackers reportedly exploited a vulnerability in Ecovacs’s Deebot X2 robot vacuums, gaining unauthorized access to camera and microphone controls. Users reported privacy invasions and offensive language broadcasted through the devices. Although Ecovacs claimed to have resolved the security flaw, rese", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能驱动的机器人吸尘器被黑客攻击，据称用于监视和骚扰", "description_zh": "据报道，黑客利用科沃斯 Deebot X2 扫地机器人的漏洞，未经授权访问摄像头和麦克风控制。用户报告了隐私侵犯和通过设备传播的攻击性语言。尽管科沃斯声称已经解决了安全漏洞，但" }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "Generative AI Plagiarism Incident at Hingham High School Reportedly Tied to Inaccurate Citation Outputs from Grammarly AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/843/", "description": "In December 2023, two Hingham High School students (\"RNH\" and unnamed) reportedly used Grammarly to create a script for an AP U.S. History project. The AI-generated text included fabricated citations to nonexistent books, which the student copied and pasted without verification or acknowledgment of", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Hingham 高中的生成人工智能抄袭事件与 Grammarly AI 的不准确引文输出有关", "description_zh": "据报道，2023 年 12 月，两名 Hingham 高中学生（“RNH”且未透露姓名）使用 Grammarly 为 AP 美国历史项目创建了脚本。人工智能生成的文本包括对不存在的书籍的捏造引用，学生在未经验证或确认的情况下复制并粘贴了这些文本" }, { "date": "2022-05-25", "title": "SafeRent AI Screening Tool Allegedly Discriminated Against Housing Voucher Applicants", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/844/", "description": "SafeRent’s AI-powered tenant screening tool used credit history and non-rental-related debts to assign scores, disproportionately penalizing Black and Hispanic renters and those using housing vouchers. The reported discriminatory housing outcomes violated the Fair Housing Act and Massachusetts law.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SafeRent AI 筛选工具涉嫌歧视住房券申请人", "description_zh": "SafeRent 的人工智能租户筛选工具使用信用记录和非租赁相关债务来评分，对黑人和西班牙裔租户以及使用住房券的租户造成不成比例的惩罚。所报告的歧视性住房结果违反了《公平住房法》和马萨诸塞州法律。" }, { "date": "2024-11-13", "title": "Google's Gemini Allegedly Generates Threatening Response in Routine Query", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/845/", "description": "Google’s AI chatbot Gemini reportedly produced a threatening message to user Vidhay Reddy, including the directive “Please die,” during a conversation about aging. The output violated Google’s safety guidelines, which are designed to prevent harmful language.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌 Gemini 据称在例行查询中生成威胁性响应", "description_zh": "据报道，谷歌的人工智能聊天机器人 Gemini 在一次有关衰老的对话中向用户 Vidhay Reddy 发出了一条威胁信息，其中包括“请死”的指令。该输出违反了谷歌旨在防止有害语言的安全准则。" }, { "date": "2021-06-10", "title": "Social Media Algorithms Amplified Disinformation Campaign in Honduras Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/846/", "description": "In October 2021, a coordinated network of over 317 fake Twitter accounts leveraged AI-driven algorithms to amplify disinformation about the Honduran presidential election, targeting opposition candidate Xiomara Castro. The campaign spread false narratives to suppress voter turnout and undermine the", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体算法放大了洪都拉斯选举中的虚假信息运动", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月，由超过 317 个虚假 Twitter 账户组成的协调网络利用人工智能驱动的算法放大有关洪都拉斯总统选举的虚假信息，目标是反对派候选人西奥马拉·卡斯特罗。该竞选活动散布虚假言论以压制选民投票率并破坏选举结果" }, { "date": "2024-04-14", "title": "Brake Failure in Reportedly AI-Driven Tram Leads to Multiple Injuries in Saint Petersburg, Russia", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/847/", "description": "During a test run in Saint Petersburg in Russia a reportedly AI-powered \"Smart Tram\" failed, leading to a crash that injured several pedestrians and trapped a woman under its wheels. The tram's AI system reportedly shut off unexpectedly, and both primary and emergency brakes failed despite pre-test", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯圣彼得堡人工智能驱动有轨电车刹车失灵导致多人受伤", "description_zh": "据报道，在俄罗斯圣彼得堡的一次试运行中，一辆由人工智能驱动的“智能有轨电车”发生故障，导致撞车事故，导致数名行人受伤，一名妇女被困在车轮下。据报道，该电车的人工智能系统意外关闭，尽管经过预先测试，主制动和紧急制动均失败" }, { "date": "2024-10-18", "title": "High School Student in Córdoba, Argentina Accused of Using AI to Generate Explicit Images of Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/848/", "description": "An 18-year-old Argentine student at the pre-university institute of Manuel Belgrano of Córdoba allegedly used AI tools to generate explicit fake images of at least 22 female classmates by combining their faces with other bodies. These images, posted on pornography websites, included the victims' nam", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿根廷科尔多瓦高中生被指控使用人工智能生成同学的露骨图像", "description_zh": "科尔多瓦曼努埃尔贝尔格拉诺大学预科学院的一名 18 岁阿根廷学生据称使用人工智能工具，通过将至少 22 名女同学的脸部与其他身体相结合，生成了明显的虚假图像。这些张贴在色情网站上的图片包含受害者的姓名" }, { "date": "2024-10-18", "title": "AI Detection Tools Allegedly Misidentify Neurodivergent and ESL Students' Work as AI-Generated in Academic Settings", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/849/", "description": "AI writing detection tools have reportedly continued to falsely flag genuine student work as AI-generated, disproportionately impacting ESL and neurodivergent students. Specific cases include Moira Olmsted, Ken Sahib, and Marley Stevens, who were penalized despite writing their work independently. S", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，人工智能检测工具将 Neurodivergent 和 ESL 学生的作业误认为是学术环境中人工智能生成的", "description_zh": "据报道，人工智能写作检测工具继续错误地将真正的学生作业标记为人工智能生成的，这对 ESL 和神经分化的学生产生了不成比例的影响。具体案例包括莫伊拉·奥尔姆斯特德 (Moira Olmsted)、肯·萨希布 (Ken Sahib) 和马利·史蒂文斯 (Marley Stevens)，他们尽管独立撰写作品，但仍受到处罚。 S" }, { "date": "2024-10-24", "title": "Character.ai Chatbots Allegedly Misrepresent George Floyd on User-Generated Platform", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/850/", "description": "Two chatbots emulating George Floyd were created on Character.ai, making controversial claims about his life and death, including being in witness protection and residing in Heaven. Character.ai, already criticized for other high-profile incidents, flagged the chatbots for removal following user rep", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.ai 聊天机器人在用户生成的平台上歪曲了乔治·弗洛伊德 (George Floyd)", "description_zh": "Character.ai 上创建了两个模仿乔治·弗洛伊德的聊天机器人，对他的生与死做出了有争议的说法，包括受到证人保护和居住在天堂。 Character.ai 已经因其他备受瞩目的事件而受到批评，在用户反映后标记了聊天机器人以将其删除" }, { "date": "2024-10-25", "title": "Salt Lake City Police Chief Mike Brown's Voice and Image Misused in AI-Generated Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/851/", "description": "A scammer used AI to create a deepfake video of Salt Lake City Police Chief Mike Brown, falsely claiming that a recipient owed $100,000 to the federal government. The video, sent via email from a fake SLCPD account, used a cloned voice and repurposed footage from a past interview.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "盐湖城警察局长迈克·布朗的声音和图像在人工智能生成的骗局中被滥用", "description_zh": "一名诈骗者利用人工智能制作了盐湖城警察局长迈克·布朗 (Mike Brown) 的深度伪造视频，谎称收款人欠联邦政府 10 万美元。该视频通过电子邮件从一个虚假的 SLCPD 帐户发送，使用了克隆的声音并重新利用了过去采访中的镜头。" }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Alleged Fake Citations Undermine Expert Testimony in Minnesota Deepfake Law Case", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/852/", "description": "In a legal case defending Minnesota’s deepfake election misinformation law, Stanford misinformation expert Professor Jeff Hancock's affidavit allegedly cited non-existent academic sources, potentially generated by ChatGPT. The reportedly fabricated citations appear to have undermined the credibility", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州 Deepfake 法律案中涉嫌虚假引文破坏了专家证词", "description_zh": "在为明尼苏达州深造选举虚假信息法辩护的法律案件中，斯坦福大学虚假信息专家杰夫·汉考克教授的宣誓书据称引用了不存在的学术来源，这些来源可能是由 ChatGPT 生成的。据报道捏造的引文似乎损害了可信度" }, { "date": "2024-03-02", "title": "Two Passengers Report Feeling Trapped in Waymo Car During Sensor Obstruction", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/853/", "description": "During a nighttime Waymo ride in San Francisco, an individual reportedly blocked the sensors of an autonomous vehicle, leaving passengers Robert Moreno and his husband feeling trapped and unsure how to proceed. Waymo's support team reportedly advised the riders to stay inside the vehicle for safety.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "两名乘客报告称，传感器受阻时感觉被困在 Waymo 汽车中", "description_zh": "据报道，在旧金山夜间乘坐 Waymo 时，有人挡住了自动驾驶汽车的传感器，导致乘客罗伯特·莫雷诺和他的丈夫感到被困，不知道如何继续。据报道，Waymo 的支持团队建议乘客留在车内以确保安全。" }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "title": "Waymo Driverless Taxi Allegedly Stalled During Pedestrian Harassment Incident in San Francisco", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/854/", "description": "A Waymo driverless taxi carrying a passenger, Amina V., was stalled in San Francisco when two men blocked its path, demanding her contact information. The immobilized autonomous vehicle left the rider feeling unsafe and trapped. Waymo’s Rider Support intervened to assist the passenger.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waymo 无人驾驶出租车在旧金山行人骚扰事件中被滞留", "description_zh": "一辆载着阿米娜·V. (Amina V.) 的 Waymo 无人驾驶出租车在旧金山被两名男子拦住，索要她的联系方式。无法移动的自动驾驶汽车让骑手感到不安全和被困。 Waymo 的乘客支持人员介入并协助乘客。" }, { "date": "2024-11-30", "title": "Names Linked to Defamation Lawsuits Reportedly Spur Filtering Errors in ChatGPT's Name Recognition", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/855/", "description": "ChatGPT has reportedly been experiencing errors and service disruptions caused by hard-coded filters designed to prevent it from producing potentially harmful or defamatory content about certain individuals by blocking prompts containing specific names, likely related to post-training interventions.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，与诽谤诉讼相关的姓名会导致 ChatGPT 姓名识别中的过滤错误", "description_zh": "据报道，ChatGPT 一直在经历由硬编码过滤器引起的错误和服务中断，该过滤器旨在通过阻止包含特定名称的提示（可能与培训后干预有关）来防止其生成有关某些个人的潜在有害或诽谤性内容。" }, { "date": "2024-09-15", "title": "Purportedly AI-Generated Audio Allegedly Fabricates Biden's Admission of Role in Pakistani Political Crisis", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/856/", "description": "A purported deepfake audio file is alleged to have falsely claimed that U.S. President Joe Biden conspired with Pakistan's Army Chief, General Syed Asim Munir, to remove former Prime Minister Imran Khan in 2022. Widely shared online, the audio is reported to have exploited generative AI to spread po", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能生成的音频伪造了拜登承认在巴基斯坦政治危机中所扮演的角色", "description_zh": "一份据称是深度造假的音频文件据称错误地声称美国总统乔·拜登与巴基斯坦陆军参谋长赛义德·阿西姆·穆尼尔将军合谋于 2022 年罢免前总理伊姆兰·汗。据报道，该音频在网上广泛传播，据称利用生成式人工智能来传播信息" }, { "date": "2024-11-25", "title": "Navigation App Allegedly Directs Car Over Damaged Bridge in Uttar Pradesh, Resulting in Three Deaths", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/857/", "description": "A car reportedly using Google Maps for navigation was misled onto a collapsed bridge in Uttar Pradesh, India, due to outdated GPS data. The car plunged into the river below, resulting in three fatalities.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，导航应用程序引导汽车驶过北方邦受损的桥梁，导致三人死亡", "description_zh": "据报道，由于 GPS 数据过时，一辆使用谷歌地图进行导航的汽车被误导到印度北方邦一座倒塌的桥梁上。汽车坠入下面的河中，造成三人死亡。" }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Deepfake Reportedly Used in Attempted Real Estate Fraud in Hallandale Beach, Florida", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/858/", "description": "A scammer reportedly used deepfake technology to impersonate the owner of a vacant Hallandale Beach, Florida lot during a Zoom call. The scam matched forged IDs to public property records and nearly succeeded in defrauding the buyer of $52,000. The image used in the deepfake was reportedly that of a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道 Deepfake 被用于佛罗里达州哈伦代尔海滩的房地产欺诈行为", "description_zh": "据报道，一名诈骗者在 Zoom 通话中使用 Deepfake 技术冒充佛罗里达州哈伦代尔海滩一处空置土地的业主。该骗局将伪造的身份证件与公共财产记录进行匹配，险些成功骗取买家 52,000 美元。据报道，深度伪造中使用的图像是" }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "AI Models Reportedly Found to Provide Misinformation on Election Processes in Spanish", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/859/", "description": "An analysis reportedly found that multiple AI models provided inaccurate responses to election-related questions, with 52% of Spanish-language answers and 43% of English-language answers containing misinformation or omissions. Errors included misidentifying voting processes and providing information", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能模型被发现提供有关西班牙语选举过程的错误信息", "description_zh": "据报道，一项分析发现，多个人工智能模型对选举相关问题的回答不准确，其中 52% 的西班牙语答案和 43% 的英语答案包含错误信息或遗漏。错误包括错误识别投票过程和提供信息" }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "AI Camera Allegedly Misidentifies Dutch Motorist as Using Mobile Phone, Issuing €380 Fine", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/860/", "description": "A Dutch smart camera on the A2 equipped with AI falsely identified a motorist as using a mobile phone while driving, issuing a €380 fine. The driver, Tim Hanssen, was scratching his head when the AI system misclassified the action.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 AI 摄像头误将荷兰驾车者识别为使用手机，罚款 380 欧元", "description_zh": "荷兰 A2 上配备人工智能的智能摄像头错误地识别出一名驾车者在驾驶时使用手机，并处以 380 欧元的罚款。当人工智能系统对动作进行错误分类时，司机蒂姆·汉森 (Tim Hanssen) 摸不着头脑。" }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "title": "Apple Intelligence Reportedly Notified Users That Luigi Mangione Shot Himself and Benjamin Netanyahu Had Been Arrested", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/861/", "description": "Apple Intelligence reportedly sent push notifications falsely claiming that BBC News had reported Luigi Mangione's suicide and that The New York Times had reported Benjamin Netanyahu's arrest. On 1/16/2025, Apple reportedly disabled Apple Intelligence's notification summaries.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，苹果情报部门通知用户，路易吉·曼吉奥内开枪自杀，本杰明·内塔尼亚胡已被捕", "description_zh": "据报道，苹果情报部门发送了虚假推送通知，声称 BBC 新闻报道了路易吉·曼吉奥内自杀，而《纽约时报》报道了本杰明·内塔尼亚胡被捕。据报道，2025 年 1 月 16 日，Apple 禁用了 Apple Intelligence 的通知摘要。" }, { "date": "2024-03-11", "title": "Purportedly AI-Generated Video Allegedly Depicts Martin Luther King Jr. Supporting Donald Trump", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/862/", "description": "A purported deepfake video allegedly depicting Martin Luther King Jr. endorsing Donald Trump circulated on X, where it was reported to have been viewed over 10 million times. The video, reportedly created by pro-Trump accounts, was reportedly condemned by King's daughter, Bernice King, who called it", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能生成的视频据称描绘了小马丁·路德·金支持唐纳德·特朗普", "description_zh": "一段据称描绘马丁·路德·金支持唐纳德·特朗普的深度伪造视频在 X 上流传，据报道观看次数超过 1000 万次。据报道，这段视频是由支持特朗普的账户制作的，据报道遭到了金的女儿伯妮斯·金的谴责，她称该视频为" }, { "date": "2024-12-12", "title": "Character.ai Companion Allegedly Prompts Self-Harm and Violence in Texas Teen", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/863/", "description": "A Texas mother is suing Character.ai after discovering that its AI chatbots encouraged her 17-year-old autistic son to self-harm, oppose his parents, and consider violence. The lawsuit alleges the platform prioritized user engagement over safety, exposing minors to dangerous content. Google is named", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.ai 伴侣会提示德克萨斯州青少年进行自残和暴力行为", "description_zh": "德克萨斯州的一位母亲发现 Character.ai 的人工智能聊天机器人鼓励她 17 岁的自闭症儿子自残、反对父母并考虑使用暴力，因此正在起诉 Character.ai。该诉讼称，该平台将用户参与置于安全之上，导致未成年人接触危险内容。谷歌被命名为" }, { "date": "2024-08-23", "title": "Generative AI Allegedly Used to Facilitate $255,000 Real Estate Fraud Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/864/", "description": "A real estate scam is reported to have used AI-generated phishing emails to impersonate a title company lawyer, tricking homebuyer Raegan Bartlo into wiring $255,000 to a fraudulent account. The emails were alleged to be convincing, with no grammatical errors or tone issues. Bartlo recovered part of", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，生成式人工智能用于协助价值 255,000 美元的房地产欺诈计划", "description_zh": "据报道，一个房地产骗局使用人工智能生成的网络钓鱼电子邮件冒充产权公司律师，欺骗购房者 Raegan Bartlo 将 255,000 美元汇入欺诈账户。据称这些电子邮件令人信服，没有语法错误或语气问题。巴特罗恢复了部分" }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "Fake AI 'Nudify' Sites Reportedly Linked to Malware Distribution by Russian Hacker Collective FIN7", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/865/", "description": "The hacker group FIN7 is allegedly behind fake AI \"nudify\" websites distributing infostealer malware to users, according to an investigation by Silent Push. These sites are reported to lure individuals seeking deepfake AI tools into downloading malware disguised as software to \"nudify\" photos. The m", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，假冒人工智能“Nudify”网站与俄罗斯黑客组织 FIN7 分发恶意软件有关", "description_zh": "根据 Silent Push 的调查，黑客组织 FIN7 据称是假冒人工智能“裸体”网站的幕后黑手，向用户分发信息窃取恶意软件。据报道，这些网站引诱寻求深度伪造人工智能工具的个人下载伪装成“裸体”照片软件的恶意软件。他们" }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Network of 171 AI-Powered Bots Reportedly Spread Political Disinformation Ahead of Ghana’s December 2024 General Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/866/", "description": "A network of 171 bot accounts on X are alleged to have used ChatGPT to generate political content supporting Ghana’s New Patriotic Party (NPP) and its presidential candidate, Mahamudu Bawumia, ahead of the December 2024 election. The AI-generated posts reportedly praised Bawumia while spreading disi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，由 171 个人工智能机器人组成的网络在加纳 2024 年 12 月大选前传播政治虚假信息", "description_zh": "X 上由 171 个机器人帐户组成的网络据称在 2024 年 12 月大选之前使用 ChatGPT 生成支持加纳新爱国党 (NPP) 及其总统候选人 Mahamudu Bawumia 的政治内容。据报道，人工智能生成的帖子在传播 disi 的同时赞扬了 Bawumia" }, { "date": "2024-10-31", "title": "AI-Generated Airline Reviews Allegedly Mislead Consumers and Undermine Trust", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/867/", "description": "AI-generated reviews of airline services have reportedly increased by 189% since the release of ChatGPT, with certain carriers like China Southern Airlines and SouthWest Airlines disproportionately affected, according to a study by Originality.ai.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的航空公司评论据称误导消费者并破坏信任", "description_zh": "据 Originality.ai 的一项研究显示，自 ChatGPT 发布以来，人工智能生成的航空公司服务评论增加了 189%，其中中国南方航空和西南航空等某些航空公司受到的影响尤为严重。" }, { "date": "2024-10-14", "title": "Portland Water Bureau SERVUS Algorithm Reportedly Allocates Utility Bill Discount to High-Wealth Consumer", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/868/", "description": "The Portland Water Bureau's AI-driven pilot program for water bill discounts is reported to have randomly selected Tim Boyle, a wealthy high-water consumer, for a 40% discount intended for financially struggling customers. The program, developed by SERVUS, is meant to identify underserved individual", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，波特兰水务局 SERVUS 算法为高财富消费者分配水电费折扣", "description_zh": "据报道，波特兰水务局的人工智能驱动的水费折扣试点计划随机选择了富有的高用水消费者蒂姆·博伊尔(Tim Boyle)，为经济困难的客户提供 40% 的折扣。该计划由 SERVUS 开发，旨在识别服务不足的个人" }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "title": "TikTok Algorithms Allegedly Linked to Minors' Exposure to Harmful Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/869/", "description": "Seven French families are suing TikTok, alleging its algorithm exposed minors to harmful content promoting self-harm, eating disorders, and suicide. Two teenagers reportedly died by suicide after viewing such content, while others allegedly attempted suicide or developed mental health issues. The ca", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 TikTok 算法与未成年人接触有害内容有关", "description_zh": "七个法国家庭正在起诉 TikTok，指控其算法让未成年人接触到宣扬自残、饮食失调和自杀的有害内容。据报道，两名青少年在观看此类内容后自杀身亡，而其他青少年则据称试图自杀或出现心理健康问题。 ca" }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "title": "Meeten Malware Campaign Reportedly Undermines Web3 Security Using AI-Legitimized Branding", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/870/", "description": "Threat actors, using aliases such as \"Meeten,\" \"Meetio,\" and \"Clusee,\" reportedly deployed AI-generated content to create fake company websites, blogs, and social media profiles, impersonating legitimate businesses in order to trick Web3 professionals and cryptocurrency users into downloading Realst", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Meeten 恶意软件活动利用人工智能合法化品牌破坏 Web3 安全", "description_zh": "据报道，威胁行为者使用“Meeten”、“Meetio”和“Clusee”等别名，部署人工智能生成的内容来创建虚假的公司网站、博客和社交媒体资料，冒充合法企业，以欺骗 Web3 专业人士和加密货币用户下载 Realst" }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "title": "Reported Deepfake Video of Elon Musk Announcing $20 Million Cryptocurrency Giveaway Circulating on Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/871/", "description": "A deepfake video is reportedly circulating on social media of Elon Musk announcing a $20 million cryptocurrency giveaway beginning on December 13th, 2024. It is reported to be leading people to a fraudulent website called Elon4u.com.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，埃隆·马斯克宣布赠送 2000 万美元加密货币的 Deepfake 视频在社交媒体上流传", "description_zh": "据报道，一段 Deepfake 视频在埃隆·马斯克的社交媒体上流传，宣布从 2024 年 12 月 13 日开始赠送 2000 万美元的加密货币。据报道，该视频引导人们访问一个名为 Elon4u.com 的欺诈网站。" }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "AI Voice Cloning of Ari Melber Allegedly Exploited in Scam Targeting Elderly Woman", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/872/", "description": "A scammer allegedly impersonated MSNBC anchor Ari Melber using AI-generated voice messages and a fake social media profile to defraud a 73-year-old woman, Patricia Taylor. Over four months, the scammer reportedly manipulated her into believing they were in a relationship, ultimately convincing her t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，阿里·梅尔伯 (Ari Melber) 的人工智能语音克隆被用于针对老年妇女的诈骗", "description_zh": "据称，一名诈骗者利用人工智能生成的语音消息和虚假的社交媒体资料冒充 MSNBC 主播 Ari Melber 来诈骗 73 岁的妇女帕特里夏·泰勒 (Patricia Taylor)。据报道，在四个多月的时间里，骗子操纵她相信他们正在恋爱，最终让她相信" }, { "date": "2024-10-12", "title": "YouTube Algorithms Allegedly Amplify Eating Disorder Content to Adolescent Girls", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/873/", "description": "YouTube's recommendation algorithm has allegedly been directing teen users to harmful content promoting eating disorders and self-harm, according to a study by the Center for Countering Digital Hate. Almost 70% of the recommended videos in searches related to dieting or weight loss reportedly contai", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "YouTube 算法据称向青春期女孩放大饮食失调内容", "description_zh": "根据反数字仇恨中心的一项研究，YouTube 的推荐算法据称一直在引导青少年用户观看宣扬饮食失调和自残的有害内容。据报道，在与节食或减肥相关的搜索中，近 70% 的推荐视频都包含" }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "title": "1 in 6 Congresswomen Have Reportedly Been Targeted by AI-Generated Nonconsensual Intimate Imagery", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/874/", "description": "A study by the American Sunlight Project is reported to have found that 1 in 6 Congresswomen were targeted by AI-generated nonconsensual intimate imagery (NCII) shared on deepfake websites. The study reports having found 35,000 mentions of explicit content involving 26 members of Congress, with 25 b", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，六分之一的国会女议员成为人工智能生成的未经同意的亲密图像的目标", "description_zh": "据报道，美国阳光项目的一项研究发现，六分之一的国会女议员成为在深度造假网站上分享的人工智能生成的非自愿亲密图像（NCII）的目标。该研究报告发现，涉及 26 名国会议员的露骨内容有 35,000 次提及，其中 25 次提及" }, { "date": "2024-08-01", "title": "Coordinated Deepfake Campaign Reportedly Impersonating Rishi Sunak Promoted Fraudulent Quantum AI Investment Platform on Meta", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/875/", "description": "143 deepfake ads, over 100 of which reportedly impersonated former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, were promoted on Meta's platform to advertise the fraudulent investment scheme \"Quantum AI.\" Funding for the ads reportedly originated from 23 countries. Up to 462,000 users may have been exposed t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，协同 Deepfake 活动冒充 Rishi Sunak 在 Meta 上推广欺诈性量子人工智能投资平台", "description_zh": "Meta 平台上推广了 143 个深度造假广告，其中 100 多个据报道冒充英国前首相里希·苏纳克 (Rishi Sunak)，宣传欺诈性投资计划“量子人工智能”。据报道，这些广告的资金来自 23 个国家。多达 462,000 名用户可能已被暴露" }, { "date": "2024-11-24", "title": "Deepfake Videos Allegedly Used to Defraud Canadian Immigrants Out of Thousands of Dollars", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/876/", "description": "Deepfake videos allegedly impersonated Toronto immigration lawyer Max Chaudhary, targeting Canadian immigrants via WhatsApp. The videos, appearing personal and realistic, requested thousands of dollars for legal services never rendered. Exploiting confusion caused by changing immigration rules, the", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌使用 Deepfake 视频诈骗加拿大移民数千美元", "description_zh": "Deepfake 视频据称冒充多伦多移民律师 Max Chaudhary，通过 WhatsApp 针对加拿大移民。这些视频显得个人化且现实，但要求数千美元的法律服务却从未提供。利用移民规则变化造成的混乱，" }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "HTML/Nomani Deepfake Phishing Campaigns Allegedly Use AI-Generated Content to Defraud Social Media Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/877/", "description": "AI-generated deepfakes were reportedly used in the \"HTML/Nomani\" phishing campaign to mimic legitimate platforms like booking services and lured victims into investment scams. These scams allegedly leveraged realistic fake content to deceive users on social media for the purposes of financial fraud.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HTML/Nomani Deepfake 网络钓鱼活动据称使用人工智能生成的内容来欺骗社交媒体用户", "description_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的深度伪造品被用于“HTML/Nomani”网络钓鱼活动，以模仿预订服务等合法平台，并引诱受害者陷入投资诈骗。这些诈骗据称利用真实的虚假内容在社交媒体上欺骗用户，以达到财务欺诈的目的。" }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "Romance Scammer 'Alla Morgan' Allegedly Exploits Deepfake Technology to Defraud Victim of £17,000", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/878/", "description": "A scammer, or scammers, reportedly used AI-generated deepfake videos and documents to impersonate a fictitious person named \"Alla Morgan,\" allegedly convincing a 77-year-old woman, Nikki MacLeod, to send £17,000 through various payment methods. The deepfakes were allegedly used in establishing credi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "浪漫诈骗者“Alla Morgan”据称利用 Deepfake 技术诈骗受害者 17,000 英镑", "description_zh": "据报道，一名或多名诈骗者使用人工智能生成的深度伪造视频和文件冒充名为“Alla Morgan”的虚构人物，据称说服 77 岁的女性 Nikki MacLeod 通过各种付款方式汇出 17,000 英镑。据称，深度伪造品被用来建立信用" }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "Deepfake Video Reportedly Depicts U.S. Congressman Rob Wittman Endorsing Military Support for Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/879/", "description": "A deepfake video is reported to have falsely depicted U.S. Congressman Rob Wittman endorsing military support for Taiwan’s Democratic Progressive Party candidates in the 2024 presidential election. Shared on TikTok, the video is reported to have undermined Taiwanese voter confidence in the DPP by al", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Deepfake 视频显示美国国会议员罗布·惠特曼支持对台湾民进党提供军事支持", "description_zh": "据报道，一段 Deepfake 视频错误地描绘了美国国会议员 Rob Wittman 在 2024 年总统选举中支持对台湾民进党候选人的军事支持。据报道，该视频在 TikTok 上分享，削弱了台湾选民对民进党的信心" }, { "date": "2024-09-12", "title": "Scammers Reportedly Using Deepfakes of Health Experts and Public Figures in Australia to Sell Health Supplements and Give Harmful Advice", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/880/", "description": "Scammers are reportedly harnessing AI-generated deepfakes of health experts and public figures in Australia in order to sell health supplements and give harmful health advice. Among the reported cases, deepfake videos are alleged to have falsely depicted Jonathan Shaw and Karl Stefanovic endorsing \"", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，诈骗者利用澳大利亚健康专家和公众人物的 Deepfake 来销售保健品并提供有害建议", "description_zh": "据报道，诈骗者利用人工智能生成的澳大利亚健康专家和公众人物的深度伪造品来销售保健品并提供有害的健康建议。在报道的案例中，深度伪造视频被指虚假描绘了乔纳森·肖和卡尔·斯特凡诺维奇代言的“" }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "Waymo Robotaxi Allegedly Collides With Serve Robotics Delivery Bot in Los Angeles", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/881/", "description": "A Waymo robotaxi reportedly collided with a Serve Robotics delivery robot at a West Hollywood intersection on December 27th, 2024. The delivery robot reportedly moved into the vehicle turning lane as the robotaxi approached, leading to a low-speed collision.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Waymo Robotaxi 据称在洛杉矶与 Serve 机器人送货机器人相撞", "description_zh": "据报道，2024 年 12 月 27 日，一辆 Waymo 机器人出租车在西好莱坞十字路口与 Serve Robotics 送货机器人相撞。据报道，当机器人出租车接近时，送货机器人进入了车辆转弯车道，导致低速碰撞。" }, { "date": "2024-12-29", "title": "AI-Generated Reading Summaries on Fable App Reportedly Wrote Biased and Offensive Commentary", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/882/", "description": "Fable, a book-focused social app, used OpenAI’s API to generate AI-powered year-end reading summaries in December 2024. These summaries allegedly produced biased and offensive remarks about race, gender, and sexual orientation. Fable is reported to have apologized in a social media post on January 1", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，《寓言》应用程序中人工智能生成的阅读摘要撰写了带有偏见和攻击性的评论", "description_zh": "Fable 是一款专注于图书的社交应用，它于 2024 年 12 月使用 OpenAI 的 API 生成了由人工智能驱动的年终阅读摘要。据称，这些摘要产生了有关种族、性别和性取向的偏见和攻击性言论。据报道，《神鬼寓言》已于 1 月 1 日在社交媒体帖子中道歉" }, { "date": "2024-12-26", "title": "Alleged Fake AI-Generated Christmas Card Featuring Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Children Circulates on Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/883/", "description": "An AI-generated Christmas card reportedly depicting Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s children, Prince Archie and Princess Lilibet, was shared on social media as if it were authentic. The image is reported to have been created using older public photos and flawed AI editing.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，人工智能生成的假圣诞贺卡以哈里王子和梅根·马克尔的孩子为特色，在社交媒体上流传", "description_zh": "据报道，一张由人工智能生成的圣诞贺卡描绘了哈里王子和梅根·马克尔的孩子阿奇王子和莉莉贝特公主，该贺卡在社交媒体上被分享，就好像它是真实的一样。据报道，该图像是使用旧的公开照片和有缺陷的人工智能编辑创建的。" }, { "date": "2024-12-31", "title": "Russian Center for Geopolitical Expertise Allegedly Used AI to Target U.S. Candidates with Disinformation in 2024 Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/884/", "description": "The Moscow-based Center for Geopolitical Expertise (CGE) allegedly used AI to produce and spread deepfakes and disinformation targeting U.S. political candidates during the 2024 general election, aiming to sway public opinion and disrupt the electoral process. On December 31, 2024, the U.S. Treasury", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯地缘政治专业知识中心据称在 2024 年大选中利用人工智能针对美国候选人发布虚假信息", "description_zh": "总部位于莫斯科的地缘政治专业知识中心 (CGE) 据称在 2024 年大选期间使用人工智能制作和传播针对美国政治候选人的深度造假和虚假信息，旨在影响公众舆论并扰乱选举进程。 2024 年 12 月 31 日，美国财政部" }, { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "Meta AI Characters Allegedly Exhibited Racism, Fabricated Identities, and Exploited User Trust", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/885/", "description": "Meta deployed AI-generated profiles on its platforms, including Instagram and Facebook, as part of an experiment. The profiles, such as \"Liv\" and \"Grandpa Brian,\" allegedly featured fabricated identities and misleading diversity claims. These accounts also allegedly manipulated user emotions for eng", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "元人工智能角色据称表现出种族主义、伪造身份和利用用户信任", "description_zh": "作为实验的一部分，Meta 在其平台（包括 Instagram 和 Facebook）上部署了人工智能生成的个人资料。据称，“丽芙”和“布莱恩爷爷”等个人资料中存在捏造的身份和误导性的多样性主张。据称，这些帐户还操纵了用户的情绪以达到目的" }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "ChatGPT Reportedly Referenced During Las Vegas Cybertruck Explosion Planning", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/886/", "description": "Matthew Livelsberger, the suspect in the 2025 Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion, reportedly used ChatGPT to search for publicly available information on explosives, ammunition, and fireworks regulations. ChatGPT is alleged to have played a role in the planning of the explosion outside the Trump Interna", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，拉斯维加斯 Cyber​​truck 爆炸计划中提到了 ChatGPT", "description_zh": "据报道，2025 年拉斯维加斯 Cyber​​truck 爆炸案的嫌疑人 Matthew Livelsberger 使用 ChatGPT 搜索有关爆炸物、弹药和烟花法规的公开信息。 ChatGPT 据称在特朗普国际机场外爆炸的策划中发挥了作用" }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "Students of Richland School District in Cambria County, Pennsylvania Allegedly Used AI to Generate Obscene Images of Other Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/887/", "description": "The Richland School District (Cambria County, Pennsylvania) released a statement on November 19, 2024 announcing an investigation into \"some secondary students\" who are alleged to have used AI to \"create and electronically distribute obscene images of Richland students.\" The school administrators be", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州坎布里亚县里奇兰学区的学生据称使用人工智能生成其他学生的淫秽图像", "description_zh": "里奇兰学区（宾夕法尼亚州坎布里亚县）于 2024 年 11 月 19 日发布声明，宣布对“一些中学生”进行调查，这些学生被指控使用人工智能“创建并以电子方式传播里奇兰学生的淫秽图像”。学校行政人员应" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Sydney High Schooler Allegedly Generated Deepfakes of Other Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/888/", "description": "A Sydney high school student allegedly used AI platforms to create explicit deepfake images of female classmates, which were then distributed through fake social media accounts. The incident reportedly caused significant distress among the victims, leading to an investigation by Campbelltown city po", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "悉尼高中生涉嫌制作其他学生的深度伪造品", "description_zh": "一名悉尼高中生据称使用人工智能平台制作了女同学的露骨深度伪造图像，然后通过虚假的社交媒体帐户进行传播。据报道，这一事件给受害者造成了极大的痛苦，坎贝尔敦市警察局对此进行了调查" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "title": "Tesla's 'Actually Smart Summon' Feature Reportedly Linked to Multiple Parking Lot Collisions", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/889/", "description": "Tesla's \"Actually Smart Summon\" feature, a remote parking system controlled via a smartphone app, reportedly failed to detect obstacles such as cars, walls, and parking signs, resulting in at least 16 collision incidents. The NHTSA is investigating safety concerns, including delayed user response ti", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，特斯拉的“实际上智能召唤”功能与多起停车场碰撞事故有关", "description_zh": "据报道，特斯拉的“Actually Smart Summon”功能，即通过智能手机应用程序控制的远程停车系统，未能检测到汽车、墙壁和停车标志等障碍物，导致至少 16 起碰撞事故。 NHTSA 正在调查安全问题，包括用户响应延迟" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "AI-Generated Images of the Iconic Hollywood Sign Reportedly on Fire Circulating on Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/890/", "description": "During the January 2025 Southern California wildfires, AI-generated images of the iconic Hollywood Sign being on fire circulated on social media.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的好莱坞标志性标志图像在社交媒体上流传", "description_zh": "在 2025 年 1 月南加州山火期间，人工智能生成的标志性好莱坞标志着火的图像在社交媒体上流传。" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "AI Voice Scam Targets Westchester Parents with Fake Kidnapping Ransom Calls", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/891/", "description": "Scammers used AI voice synthesis to mimic children’s voices in fake kidnapping calls, demanding ransom payments from parents in the Peekskill School District of Westchester, New York. The synthetic voices were reportedly generated from social media voice samples", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能语音诈骗针对威彻斯特家长发出虚假绑架勒索电话", "description_zh": "诈骗者使用人工智能语音合成来模仿儿童的声音，发出虚假的绑架电话，要求纽约州威彻斯特皮克斯基尔学区的家长支付赎金。据报道，合成声音是根据社交媒体声音样本生成的" }, { "date": "2024-05-08", "title": "Apple Intelligence Allegedly Flags Scam Messages as High Priority", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/892/", "description": "Apple’s AI notification summarization and prioritization feature, part of the Apple Intelligence update, has reportedly flagged scam and phishing messages as high-priority, and is allegedly misleading users into trusting fraudulent communications. By rephrasing and condensing messages, the system is", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "苹果情报部门据称将诈骗消息标记为高优先级", "description_zh": "据报道，苹果的人工智能通知摘要和优先级功能是苹果情报更新的一部分，该功能已将诈骗和网络钓鱼消息标记为高优先级，并据称误导用户信任欺诈性通信。通过改写和压缩消息，系统" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "title": "Pennsylvania State Police Officer Allegedly Used Work Computer for AI-Generated Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/893/", "description": "A Pennsylvania State Police corporal, Stephen Kamnik, was charged for allegedly using a work computer to store thousands of pornographic files, including content created with deepfake AI software.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州警官涉嫌使用工作计算机生成人工智能色情内容", "description_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州警察下士斯蒂芬·卡姆尼克 (Stephen Kamnik) 被指控涉嫌使用工作计算机存储数千个色情文件，其中包括使用 Deepfake AI 软件创建的内容。" }, { "date": "2017-01-01", "title": "RealPage's YieldStar Allegedly Facilitated Rent Price Coordination Among Canadian Landlords", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/894/", "description": "RealPage’s YieldStar algorithm is alleged to have enabled Canadian landlords to coordinate rental pricing by utilizing sensitive, non-public market data. The software has been accused of contributing to rent increases in non-rent-controlled units through purported collusion and artificial price infl", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "RealPage 的 YieldStar 据称促进了加拿大房东之间的租金价格协调", "description_zh": "据称，RealPage 的 YieldStar 算法使加拿大房东能够利用敏感的非公开市场数据来协调租金定价。该软件被指控通过所谓的串通和人为价格上涨，导致非租金管制单位的租金上涨" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Alleged Deepfake of New Zealand Endocrinologist Reportedly Promotes Misleading Diabetes Claim", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/895/", "description": "A video circulated on social media that appeared to feature University of Otago endocrinologist Sir Jim Mann allegedly promoting a hemp gummy product for diabetes patients and urging them to stop using metformin. The video was reportedly generated using AI and has been described as spreading manipul", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，新西兰内分泌学家的 Deepfake 涉嫌宣扬误导性糖尿病声明", "description_zh": "社交媒体上流传的一段视频似乎以奥塔哥大学内分泌学家吉姆·曼爵士为主角，据称他在向糖尿病患者推销大麻软糖产品，并敦促他们停止使用二甲双胍。据报道，该视频是使用人工智能生成的，并被描述为传播操纵" }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "Alleged Misuse of Facial Recognition Technology by Law Enforcement Reportedly Leading to Wrongful Arrests and Violations of Investigative Standards", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/896/", "description": "Law enforcement agencies across the U.S. have allegedly been misusing AI-powered facial recognition technology, leading to wrongful arrests and significant harm to at least eight individuals. Officers have reportedly been bypassing investigative standards, relying on uncorroborated AI matches to bui", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，执法部门滥用面部识别技术导致错误逮捕和违反调查标准", "description_zh": "据称，美国各地的执法机构滥用人工智能面部识别技术，导致至少八人被错误逮捕并造成严重伤害。据报道，官员们绕过了调查标准，依靠未经证实的人工智能匹配来建立" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "AI-Assisted Ransomware Campaign by FunkSec Allegedly Targets Over 80 Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/897/", "description": "The FunkSec ransomware group allegedly leveraged AI tools, such as Miniapps chatbots, to develop and refine its ransomware operations, which is reported to have allowed apparently inexperienced actors to produce advanced malware rapidly. It is reported that the group claimed to have launched its da", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FunkSec 发起的 AI 辅助勒索软件活动据称针对 80 多名受害者", "description_zh": "FunkSec 勒索软件组织据称利用 Miniapps 聊天机器人等人工智能工具来开发和完善其勒索软件操作，据报道，这使得缺乏经验的攻击者能够快速生成高级恶意软件。 据悉，该组织声称已推出其da" }, { "date": "2024-06-05", "title": "Alleged LLMjacking Targets AI Cloud Services with Stolen Credentials", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/898/", "description": "Attackers reportedly exploited stolen cloud credentials obtained through a vulnerable Laravel system (CVE-2021-3129) to allegedly abuse AI cloud services, including Anthropic’s Claude and AWS Bedrock, in a scheme referred to as “LLMjacking.” The attackers are said to have monetized access through re", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌 LLM 劫持的目标是使用被盗凭证的 AI 云服务", "description_zh": "据报道，攻击者利用通过易受攻击的 Laravel 系统 (CVE-2021-3129) 获得的被盗云凭证，涉嫌滥用 AI 云服务，包括 Anthropic 的 Claude 和 AWS Bedrock，其计划被称为“LLMjacking”。据说攻击者通过重新获得访问权来货币化" }, { "date": "2024-12-17", "title": "Character.ai Chatbots Allegedly Emulating School Shooters and Their Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/899/", "description": "Some Character.ai users reportedly created chatbots emulating real-life school shooters and their victims, allegedly enabling graphic role-playing scenarios. Character.ai responded by citing violations of its Terms of Service, removing the offending chatbots, and announcing measures to enhance safet", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.ai 聊天机器人模仿学校枪击者及其受害者", "description_zh": "据报道，一些Character.ai 用户创建了模仿现实生活中的校园枪击者及其受害者的聊天机器人，据称可以实现图形角色扮演场景。作为回应，Character.ai 指出违反了其服务条款、删除了违规聊天机器人，并宣布了加强安全的措施" }, { "date": "2024-11-13", "title": "Character.ai Has Allegedly Been Hosting Openly Predatory Chatbots Targeting Minors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/900/", "description": "Character.ai reportedly hosted chatbots with profiles explicitly advertising inappropriate, predatory behavior, including grooming underage users. Investigations allege that bots have been engaging in explicit conversations and roleplay with decoy accounts posing as minors, bypassing moderation filt", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.ai 一直在托管针对未成年人的公开掠夺性聊天机器人", "description_zh": "据报道，Character.ai 托管的聊天机器人的个人资料明确宣传不当、掠夺性行为，包括诱骗未成年用户。调查称，机器人一直在与冒充未成年人的诱饵帐户进行露骨的对话和角色扮演，绕过审核过滤" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Yahoo Boys Allegedly Used Deepfake Technology to Impersonate Brad Pitt and Defraud French Woman of $850,000 in Romance Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/901/", "description": "Three Nigerian \"Yahoo Boys\" scammers allegedly used AI-generated image manipulation tools, along with fake social media and WhatsApp accounts, to reportedly impersonate actor Brad Pitt and convince a French interior decorator, Anne, that she was in a romantic relationship with him. Over 18 months, t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "雅虎男孩涉嫌利用 Deepfake 技术冒充布拉德·皮特，在浪漫骗局中诈骗法国女子 85 万美元", "description_zh": "据称，三名尼日利亚“雅虎男孩”诈骗者使用人工智能生成的图像处理工具以及虚假社交媒体和 WhatsApp 帐户，冒充演员布拉德·皮特，并让法国室内设计师安妮相信她与他处于恋爱关系。超过 18 个月，t" }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Prime Minister of Thailand Paetongtarn Shinawatra Claims AI Voice Scam Impersonated ASEAN Leader Requesting Money", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/902/", "description": "Thailand's Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra reported being targeted by an AI-generated voice scam that mimicked a well-known but undisclosed ASEAN leader. The scam is alleged to have involved a realistic voice message requesting a donation, falsely claiming Thailand was the only ASEAN nation ye", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国总理 Paetongtarn Shinawatra 声称人工智能语音诈骗冒充东盟领导人索要资金", "description_zh": "泰国总理白东坦·西那瓦 (Paetongtarn Shinawatra) 报告称，自己成为了人工智能生成的语音骗局的目标，该骗局模仿了一位知名但未公开的东盟领导人。据称，该骗局涉及一条真实的语音信息，要求捐款，并谎称泰国是唯一的东盟国家。" }, { "date": "2022-04-15", "title": "Northern Ireland MLA Cara Hunter Allegedly Targeted by Deepfake Pornography Ahead of May 2022 Assembly Election", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/903/", "description": "Sometime in April 2022, reportedly some weeks before the May 5, 2022 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Member of the Legislative Assembly Cara Hunter was targeted in a deepfake pornography incident. A fake video depicting her in explicit scenarios is reported to have circulated widely on WhatsApp.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北爱尔兰议员卡拉·亨特 (MLA Cara Hunter) 据称在 2022 年 5 月议会选举前成为 Deepfake 色情内容的目标", "description_zh": "据报道，2022 年 4 月的某个时候，即 2022 年 5 月 5 日北爱尔兰议会选举前几周，立法议会议员卡拉·亨特 (Cara Hunter) 成为深度伪造色情事件的目标。据报道，一段描绘她露骨场景的假视频在 WhatsApp 上广泛传播。" }, { "date": "2022-10-21", "title": "Kate Isaacs, Advocate Against Image-Based Abuse, Reports Being Deepfaked", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/904/", "description": "Kate Isaacs, a London-based activist and founder of the #NotYourPorn campaign, was targeted in a deepfake incident. Her face was alleged to have been digitally manipulated onto a pornographic video using AI and shared online. The reported video, tagged with her name, is alleged to have led to stream", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "反对图像滥用的倡导者凯特·艾萨克斯 (Kate Isaacs) 报告被深度伪造", "description_zh": "凯特·艾萨克斯 (Kate Isaacs) 是一位伦敦活动人士，也是 #NotYourPorn 运动的创始人，她成为了深度造假事件的目标。据称，她的脸被人工智能数字化处理成色情视频并在网上分享。据称，这段标有她名字的视频在网上流传" }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Scammers Allegedly Use Deepfake Technology to Pose as Leonor, Princess of Asturias, in Fraud Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/905/", "description": "Scammers have allegedly been using deepfake technology and fake social media accounts to reportedly impersonate Leonor, Princess of Asturias, targeting vulnerable individuals in Latin America. Victims were reportedly lured with promises of financial aid, requiring payments for \"fees\" or \"taxes\" befo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者据称使用 Deepfake 技术冒充阿斯图里亚斯公主莱昂诺尔进行诈骗", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者利用深度伪造技术和虚假社交媒体账户冒充阿斯图里亚斯公主莱昂诺，针对拉丁美洲的弱势群体。据报道，受害者受到经济援助承诺的诱惑，要求受害者支付“费用”或“税款”。" }, { "date": "2024-08-10", "title": "Alleged AI-Powered Call Center Breach Exposes Over 10 Million Conversations in the Middle East", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/906/", "description": "An AI-powered call center platform in the Middle East reportedly experienced a significant data breach, allegedly exposing over 10 million conversations between consumers, operators, and AI agents. Attackers allegedly accessed the platform’s management dashboard, stealing sensitive data, including n", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，人工智能驱动的呼叫中心漏洞导致中东地区超过 1000 万条对话被泄露", "description_zh": "据报道，中东的一个人工智能呼叫中心平台遭遇了重大数据泄露，据称泄露了消费者、运营商和人工智能代理之间超过 1000 万条对话。据称，攻击者访问了该平台的管理仪表板，窃取了敏感数据，包括 n" }, { "date": "2024-07-15", "title": "Taranaki, New Zealand Resident Allegedly Defrauded of $224K in Bitcoin Scam Using Deepfake of Prime Minister Christopher Luxon", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/907/", "description": "A Taranaki, New Zealand resident allegedly lost $224,000 in a Bitcoin scam involving a deepfake video reportedly depicting Prime Minister Christopher Luxon. The AI-generated video, shared on Facebook, purportedly promoted cryptocurrency investments targeting superannuitants. Scammers posing as finan", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新西兰塔拉纳基居民涉嫌利用总理 Christopher Luxon 的 Deepfake 进行比特币诈骗，骗取 22.4 万美元", "description_zh": "一名新西兰塔拉纳基居民据称在一场比特币骗局中损失了 224,000 美元，该骗局涉及一段据称描绘总理克里斯托弗·卢克森 (Christopher Luxon) 的深度伪造视频。这段由人工智能生成的视频在 Facebook 上分享，据称是为了宣传针对养老金领取者的加密货币投资。骗子冒充金融人士" }, { "date": "2020-07-15", "title": "Deepfake Images of Australian Teacher Hannah Grundy and 25 Others Created and Circulated Online by Former Friend", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/908/", "description": "Australian teacher Hannah Grundy discovered her face had been superimposed onto pornographic images using AI deepfake technology, which were shared online alongside personal details. A former trusted friend, Andrew Thomas Hayler, was found responsible, targeting 26 women, including Grundy and close", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "由前朋友制作并在网上传播的澳大利亚教师 Hannah Grundy 和其他 25 人的 Deepfake 图像", "description_zh": "澳大利亚教师 Hannah Grundy 发现她的脸被人工智能 Deepfake 技术叠加到色情图像上，这些图像与个人详细信息一起在网上分享。前值得信赖的朋友安德鲁·托马斯·海勒 (Andrew Thomas Hayler) 被发现对 26 名女性负责，其中包括格伦迪 (Grundy) 和亲密的女性。" }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "title": "Matryoshka Campaign Allegedly Uses Deepfakes to Impersonate Academics for Pro-Russian Propaganda", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/909/", "description": "The Matryoshka disinformation campaign allegedly used AI to impersonate academics, reportedly spreading claims supporting Russia and urging Ukraine's surrender. These videos are said to have misrepresented scholars’ views in order to amplify pro-Russian propaganda. The campaign reportedly exploited", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯套娃运动据称利用 Deepfakes 冒充学者进行亲俄宣传", "description_zh": "据称，俄罗斯套娃虚假信息活动利用人工智能冒充学者，散布支持俄罗斯并敦促乌克兰投降的言论。据称，这些视频歪曲了学者的观点，以扩大亲俄宣传。据报道，该活动利用了" }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Alleged AI-Driven Phishing Scam Impersonates Maine Town Official to Falsely Request $22,500", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/910/", "description": "An alleged AI-generated phishing email targeted a resident of Gray, Maine, falsely claiming to be from the town’s planning department. The alleged email, bearing a fake signature and official-looking letterhead, requested $22,500 for a zoning board meeting. Town officials have reportedly warned resi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼诈骗冒充缅因镇官员，谎称索要 22,500 美元", "description_zh": "一封据称由人工智能生成的网络钓鱼电子邮件以缅因州格雷市的一名居民为目标，该居民谎称来自该镇规划部门。这封涉嫌的电子邮件带有虚假签名和看似官方的信头，要求为分区委员会会议提供 22,500 美元。据报道，镇官员已警告人们" }, { "date": "2022-01-05", "title": "Yahoo Boys Allegedly Employ Real-Time Deepfake Technology in Romance Scams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/911/", "description": "Scammers from Nigeria, known as \"Yahoo Boys,\" are reportedly utilizing real-time deepfake technology to impersonate individuals during video calls, deceiving victims in romance scams. By allegedly altering their appearance with face-swapping software, they build trust under false identities to defra", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，雅虎男孩在浪漫诈骗中使用实时 Deepfake 技术", "description_zh": "据报道，来自尼日利亚的骗子，被称为“雅虎男孩”，利用实时深度伪造技术在视频通话中冒充个人，在爱情骗局中欺骗受害者。据称，他们通过换脸软件改变自己的外表，以虚假身份建立信任，以消除欺诈" }, { "date": "2024-11-21", "title": "Yahoo Boys and Scammers from Morocco Allegedly Target U.S. Widows and Vulnerable Individuals with 'Artificial Patriot' Scams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/912/", "description": "Yahoo Boys (from Nigeria and Ghana) and scammers from Morocco are reportedly targeting U.S. widows and vulnerable individuals using AI-generated images and fake military profiles in \"Artificial Patriot\" scams. They have allegedly impersonated military officials such as General Matthew W. McFarlane t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，来自摩洛哥的雅虎男孩和骗子以“人造爱国者”骗局瞄准美国寡妇和弱势群体", "description_zh": "据报道，雅虎男孩（来自尼日利亚和加纳）和来自摩洛哥的诈骗者在“人工爱国者”骗局中使用人工智能生成的图像和虚假军事档案，针对美国寡妇和弱势群体。据称，他们冒充军事官员，如马修·W·麦克法兰 (Matthew W. McFarlane) 将军" }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "Yahoo Boys Allegedly Using AI-Generated News Videos to Blackmail Sextortion Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/913/", "description": "Scammers, allegedly linked to the Yahoo Boys, are using AI-generated news videos to blackmail victims in sextortion schemes. The videos impersonate news organizations, featuring fabricated reports that accuse victims of crimes, including explicit content distribution. Tutorials for creating these cl", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "雅虎男孩据称使用人工智能生成的新闻视频勒索性勒索受害者", "description_zh": "据称与雅虎男孩有联系的诈骗者正在使用人工智能生成的新闻视频来勒索性勒索计划中的受害者。这些视频冒充新闻机构，发布捏造的报道，指控受害者犯罪，包括传播露骨的内容。创建这些 cl 的教程" }, { "date": "2024-12-26", "title": "Alleged Deepfake of Luis Suárez Used to Scam Uruguayans in Fake Investment Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/914/", "description": "On December 26, 2024, UTE, Uruguay's public utility company, warned of an alleged deepfake video circulating on Instagram, Facebook, and Threads. The video reportedly features manipulated images and voice of footballer Luis Suárez, falsely promoting an investment scheme claiming a 10,400 peso invest", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称路易斯·苏亚雷斯的 Deepfake 曾在虚假投资计划中诈骗乌拉圭人", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 26 日，乌拉圭公用事业公司 UTE 对 Instagram、Facebook 和 Threads 上流传的一段涉嫌深度造假的视频发出警告。据报道，该视频采用了经过篡改的足球运动员路易斯·苏亚雷斯的图像和声音，虚假宣传一项声称投资 10,400 比索的投资计划" }, { "date": "2024-10-28", "title": "Alaska Education Department Reportedly Published Policy Featuring Erroneous AI-Generated Citations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/915/", "description": "In October 2024, Alaska’s Education Commissioner Deena Bishop allegedly used generative AI to draft a school cellphone policy, resulting in reportedly fabricated citations of non-existent studies. The document, which did not disclose AI use, was shared with the state Board of Education, and despite", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，阿拉斯加教育部发布了包含人工智能生成的错误引文的政策", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月，阿拉斯加州教育专员 Deena Bishop 据称使用生成式人工智能起草了一项学校手机政策，据报道导致伪造了对不存在的研究的引用。该文件没有披露人工智能的使用情况，但已与州教育委员会共享，尽管" }, { "date": "2025-01-23", "title": "Plymouth, Massachusetts Resident Reportedly Used AI Chatbots CrushOn.ai and JanitorAI to Harass and Intimidate Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/916/", "description": "In January 2025, James Florence Jr. of Plymouth, MA, agreed to plead guilty to cyberstalking charges involving the alleged use of AI tools like CrushOn.ai and JanitorAI. The U.S. Attorney’s Office reports the harassment spanned 2014–2024, though AI-driven tactics reportedly began around 2017. Floren", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，马萨诸塞州普利茅斯居民使用人工智能聊天机器人 CrushOn.ai 和 JanitorAI 骚扰和恐吓受害者", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月，马萨诸塞州普利茅斯的 James Florence Jr. 同意承认涉及涉嫌使用 CrushOn.ai 和 JanitorAI 等人工智能工具的网络跟踪指控。美国检察官办公室报告称，骚扰行为持续了 2014 年至 2024 年，但据报道，人工智能驱动的策略始于 2017 年左右。" }, { "date": "2025-05-02", "title": "Alleged Deepfake of Whoopi Goldberg Used in Fake Weight-Loss Supplement Ads on Instagram", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/917/", "description": "Whoopi Goldberg warned viewers of The View about an AI-generated scam using her likeness to promote fraudulent weight-loss products on Instagram. Goldberg stated that she had no involvement with the ads, which falsely depicted her endorsing harmful supplements.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Instagram 上的虚假减肥补充剂广告中使用了乌比·戈德堡 (Whoopi Goldberg) 的 Deepfake", "description_zh": "乌比·戈德堡 (Whoopi Goldberg) 向《The View》的观众发出警告，称人工智能生成的骗局利用她的肖像在 Instagram 上推销欺诈性减肥产品。戈德伯格表示，她与这些广告没有任何关系，这些广告错误地描述了她认可有害补充剂。" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "AI-Aided Scam in Thailand Allegedly Impersonates Police to Defraud 163 Victims", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/918/", "description": "Thai police arrested Ramil Pantawong and Thanawut Kanyaphan for allegedly using AI technology to impersonate police officers in a call scam. Based in Poipet, Cambodia, the gang tricked 163 victims, the most prominent of whom was Thai-British beauty queen Charlotte Austin, who lost 4 million baht (ap", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泰国人工智能辅助骗局据称冒充警察诈骗 163 名受害者", "description_zh": "泰国警方逮捕了 Ramil Pantawong 和 Thanawut Kanyaphan，罪名是涉嫌使用人工智能技术在电话诈骗中冒充警察。该团伙总部位于柬埔寨波贝，欺骗了 163 名受害者，其中最著名的是泰裔英国选美皇后夏洛特·奥斯汀，她损失了 400 万泰铢（ap）" }, { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "Purported Russian-Linked Network Allegedly Used Deepfake of Maria Ressa on Facebook and Bing to Promote Cryptocurrency Scam Targeting Filipinos", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/919/", "description": "A purportedly Russian-linked scam network allegedly circulated an AI-generated deepfake of journalist Maria Ressa on Facebook and Microsoft Bing. The video reportedly manipulated a 2022 interview to falsely depict Ressa endorsing cryptocurrency. Fraudulent websites allegedly impersonating Rappler an", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称与俄罗斯有关的网络涉嫌在 Facebook 和 Bing 上使用 Maria Ressa 的 Deepfake 来推广针对菲律宾人的加密货币骗局", "description_zh": "一个据称与俄罗斯有关的诈骗网络据称在 Facebook 和 Microsoft Bing 上传播了人工智能生成的记者 Maria Ressa 的深度伪造数据。据报道，该视频篡改了 2022 年的采访，错误地描绘了 Ressa 支持加密货币的情况。涉嫌冒充 Rappler 的欺诈网站" }, { "date": "2025-01-02", "title": "Alleged Deepfake Scam Reportedly Promoted Trump Golden Eagles Project as Investment Opportunity", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/920/", "description": "Reports surfaced of a purportedly AI-generated scam falsely promoting the Trump Golden Eagles Project. The purported deepfake videos of Donald Trump, Bank of America CEO Brian Moynihan, and Elon Musk are alleged to have claimed that buyers could trade collectible coins for cash or Tesla stock. A Bay", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，所谓的 Deepfake 骗局将特朗普金鹰项目作为投资机会", "description_zh": "有报道称，一个据称由人工智能生成的骗局虚假宣传特朗普金鹰项目。据称，唐纳德·特朗普、美国银行首席执行官布莱恩·莫伊尼汉和埃隆·马斯克的深度伪造视频声称买家可以用收藏硬币换取现金或特斯拉股票。阿湾" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "title": "Hong Kong Authorities Seize HK$34M in Alleged Deepfake Scam Targeting Victims in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/921/", "description": "Hong Kong police arrested 31 people linked to a deepfake scam syndicate that allegedly defrauded victims in Taiwan, Singapore, and Malaysia. The group used AI-generated images to impersonate wealthy women, training recruits to discuss luxury lifestyles, finance, and cryptocurrency to gain trust. Sca", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "香港当局查获 3400 万港元涉嫌针对台湾、新加坡和马来西亚受害者的 Deepfake 诈骗", "description_zh": "香港警方逮捕了 31 名与 Deepfake 诈骗集团有关的人员，该集团涉嫌诈骗台湾、新加坡和马来西亚的受害者。该组织使用人工智能生成的图像来冒充富有的女性，培训新成员讨论奢侈生活方式、金融和加密货币，以赢得信任。斯卡" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "AI Voice Scam Allegedly Defrauds Game and Coffee Store in Havre, Montana", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/922/", "description": "A Montana business, Sugar and Dice, was reportedly targeted by an AI voice scam that cloned the store owner's voice to deceive an employee over the phone. The scammer allegedly spoofed both the owner's and the employee's phone numbers, making the call appear legitimate. Believing he was following hi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州阿弗尔市的人工智能语音骗局涉嫌诈骗游戏和咖啡店", "description_zh": "据报道，蒙大拿州的一家名为 Sugar and Dice 的企业遭到了人工智能语音骗局的攻击，该骗局克隆了店主的声音，通过电话欺骗了一名员工。据称，诈骗者伪造了业主和员工的电话号码，使通话看起来合法。相信他正在跟踪hi" }, { "date": "2025-08-02", "title": "Nottingham Gallery Owner Allegedly Defrauded by Deepfake Impersonating Pierce Brosnan, Leading to Business Closure", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/923/", "description": "Nottingham gallery owner Simone Simms was allegedly deceived over many months by a deepfake impersonating actor Pierce Brosnan. Believing she was in direct contact with Brosnan, she reportedly arranged an art exhibition and sold £20,000 in tickets. When the real Brosnan denied involvement, Simms rep", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诺丁汉画廊老板涉嫌被 Deepfake 冒充皮尔斯·布鲁斯南诈骗，导致生意倒闭", "description_zh": "据称，诺丁汉画廊老板西蒙·西姆斯 (Simone Simms) 被冒充演员皮尔斯·布鲁斯南 (Pierce Brosnan) 的 Deepfake 欺骗了好几个月。据报道，她相信自己与布鲁斯南有直接联系，因此安排了一场艺术展览并售出了 2 万英镑的门票。当真正的布鲁斯南否认参与时，西姆斯代表" }, { "date": "2025-01-30", "title": "Alleged Deepfake Scam Uses BBC Presenter Naga Munchetty’s Image to Promote Fraudulent Investment Scheme", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/924/", "description": "BBC presenter Naga Munchetty was reportedly targeted in an AI-generated scam using deepfake images and fake news articles to promote a fraudulent investment scheme. Scam ads on social media allegedly featured manipulated images of Munchetty and linked to a fake BBC article directing users to a cyber", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌 Deepfake 骗局利用 BBC 主持人 Naga Munchetty 的形象宣传欺诈性投资计划", "description_zh": "据报道，BBC 主持人 Naga Munchetty 成为人工智能生成的骗局的目标，该骗局使用深度伪造图像和虚假新闻文章来宣传欺诈性投资计划。据称，社交媒体上的诈骗广告以经过篡改的 Munchetti 图像为特色，并链接到 BBC 的一篇虚假文章，引导用户访问网络" }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "Alleged License Plate Recognition Errors in Christchurch Lead to Wrongful Parking Fines", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/925/", "description": "An automated license plate recognition (LPR) system at The Landing car park in Christchurch, New Zealand, reportedly issued wrongful fines to dozens of parents dropping off and picking up children. The system allegedly misidentified multiple short visits as prolonged parking, which led to disputed p", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基督城涉嫌车牌识别错误导致不当停车罚款", "description_zh": "据报道，新西兰基督城 The Landing 停车场的自动车牌识别 (LPR) 系统对数十名接送孩子的家长开出了错误的罚款。据称，该系统将多次短暂停留错误识别为长时间停车，从而引发争议" }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Giorgia Meloni Reportedly Targeted by Deepfake Pornography", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/926/", "description": "In 2020, alleged deepfake pornographic videos falsely depicting Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni were uploaded to a U.S. website and viewed millions of times. At the time, she was leader of the Brothers of Italy but not yet PM. In 2024, now serving as PM, Meloni reportedly sued Alessio Scurosu,", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，乔治亚·梅洛尼 (Giorgia Meloni) 成为 Deepfake 色情内容的目标", "description_zh": "2020 年，涉嫌虚假描绘意大利总理乔治亚·梅洛尼 (Giorgia Meloni) 的深度造假色情视频被上传到美国网站并被观看了数百万次。当时，她是意大利兄弟会的领导人，但尚未担任总理。据报道，现任总理梅洛尼在 2024 年起诉了阿莱西奥·斯库罗苏 (Alessio Scurosu)，" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Fraudsters Allegedly Use AI-Generated Voice of Italian Defense Minister Guido Crosetto to Scam Business Leaders", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/927/", "description": "In February 2025, scammers allegedly used AI voice cloning to impersonate Italian Defense Minister Guido Crosetto, calling top business leaders and reportedly claiming to need funds to free kidnapped journalists. Massimo Moratti was allegedly the only confirmed victim to send nearly €1M, wiring it t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者据称利用人工智能生成的意大利国防部长吉多·克罗塞托的声音来诈骗商界领袖", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月，诈骗者据称使用人工智能语音克隆冒充意大利国防部长吉多·克罗塞托 (Guido Crosetto)，给高层商界领袖打电话，据称声称需要资金来解救被绑架的记者。据称，马西莫·莫拉蒂是唯一确认的受害者，他发送了近 100 万欧元，将其汇给" }, { "date": "2024-12-12", "title": "Deepfake Cryptocurrency Scam Allegedly Impersonates Italian President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/928/", "description": "A deepfake scam allegedly impersonating Italian President Sergio Mattarella and Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni circulated on various platforms. It reportedly promoted a fraudulent cryptocurrency investment scheme. The deepfakes claimed the scheme was state-backed, promising €40,000 in guaranteed inco", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 加密货币骗局据称冒充意大利总统塞尔吉奥·马塔雷拉 (Sergio Mattarella) 和总理乔治亚·梅洛尼 (Giorgia Meloni)", "description_zh": "据称冒充意大利总统塞尔吉奥·马塔雷拉和总理乔治亚·梅洛尼的深度造假骗局在多个平台上流传。据报道，它推广了一项欺诈性的加密货币投资计划。 Deepfakes 声称该计划得到国家支持，并承诺提供 40,000 欧元的保证金" }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "title": "Sustained AI-Driven Russian Disinformation Campaigns Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka Reportedly Disrupting German Federal Elections", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/929/", "description": "Leading up to Germany’s February 23, 2025, federal election, the alleged Russian Doppelgänger, Storm-1516, and Matryoshka (Operation Overload) disinformation campaigns have reportedly been deploying AI-generated deepfake videos and fake news sites to spread false claims about German politicians and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，持续的人工智能驱动的俄罗斯虚假信息活动 Doppelgänger、Storm-1516 和 Matryoshka 扰乱了德国联邦选举", "description_zh": "据报道，在德国 2025 年 2 月 23 日联邦选举之前，所谓的“俄罗斯分身”、“Storm-1516”和“俄罗斯套娃”（超载行动）虚假信息活动一直在部署人工智能生成的深度伪造视频和虚假新闻网站，以散布有关德国政客和德国政客的虚假信息。" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Alleged Deepfake Video Falsely Depicts Hollywood Stars in AI-Manipulated Protest Against Kanye West", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/930/", "description": "A deepfake video allegedly depicted Scarlett Johansson, Jerry Seinfeld, David Schwimmer, Lisa Kudrow, Steven Spielberg, Adam Sandler, Sacha Baron Cohen, Natalie Portman, Jake Gyllenhaal, Lenny Kravitz, Adam Levine, Drake, Mark Zuckerberg, Jack Black, Mila Kunis, Ben Stiller, and Woody Allen protesti", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Deepfake 视频在人工智能操纵的针对 Kanye West 的抗议活动中错误地描绘了好莱坞明星", "description_zh": "据称，一段深度假视频描绘了斯嘉丽·约翰逊、杰瑞·宋飞、大卫·休默、丽莎·库卓、史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格、亚当·桑德勒、萨莎·拜伦·科恩、娜塔莉·波特曼、杰克·吉伦哈尔、兰尼·克拉维茨、亚当·莱文、德雷克、马克·扎克伯格、杰克·布莱克、米拉·库尼斯、本·斯蒂勒和伍迪·艾伦抗议" }, { "date": "2025-01-21", "title": "Reportedly Manipulated TikTok Videos Misrepresent Anti-AfD Protests as Far-Right Rallies", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/931/", "description": "TikTok videos purportedly depicted large crowds as chanting pro-AfD slogans by reportedly replacing the original audio with manipulated sound. The footage, originally from January 2024 anti-extremism protests, was repurposed in January 2025 to reportedly mislead viewers. Purported AI-generated or al", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，TikTok 视频被操纵，将反 AfD 抗议活动歪曲为极右翼集会", "description_zh": "据称，TikTok 视频通过用经过处理的声音取代了原始音频，描绘了大批人群高呼支持 AfD 口号的情况。该片段最初来自 2024 年 1 月的反极端主义抗议活动，据报道于 2025 年 1 月被重新利用，以误导观众。据称是人工智能生成的或其他" }, { "date": "2024-12-25", "title": "BP New Zealand's License Plate Recognition System Reportedly Misidentified Auckland Driver for Fuel Theft in Whanganui", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/932/", "description": "BP’s license plate recognition system reportedly misidentified Auckland resident Buddhika Rajapakse as responsible for petrol theft in Whanganui. Despite the suspect vehicle being a different make, model, and color, the system allegedly linked Rajapakse’s plate to the thefts. BP has reportedly ackno", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，英国石油公司新西兰公司的车牌识别系统在旺加努伊盗窃燃油时误认了奥克兰司机", "description_zh": "据报道，英国石油公司的车牌识别系统将奥克兰居民 Buddhika Rajapakse 误认为是旺格努伊汽油盗窃案的负责人。尽管嫌疑车辆的品牌、型号和颜色不同，但该系统据称将拉贾帕克萨的车牌与盗窃案联系起来。据报道，英国石油公司（BP）已承认" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "NHK Terminates AI Translation Service After Geopolitical Naming Error", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/934/", "description": "NHK announced the termination of its AI-powered multilingual subtitle service after an automatic translation error rendered \"Senkaku Islands\" as \"Diaoyu Islands,\" the Chinese designation. The mistake, discovered on February 10th, 2025 during a news segment, led NHK to deem the service inappropriate.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NHK 在地缘政治命名错误后终止人工智能翻译服务", "description_zh": "在自动翻译错误将“尖阁诸岛”翻译成“钓鱼岛”（中国名称）后，NHK 宣布终止其人工智能多语言字幕服务。 2025 年 2 月 10 日在新闻片段中发现的这一错误导致 NHK 认为该服务不合适。" }, { "date": "2025-02-17", "title": "Reported Deepfake of Maltese Prime Minister Robert Abela and Journalist Mark Laurence Zammit Used to Promote Fraudulent Investment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/935/", "description": "A deepfake scam allegedly used AI-generated audio to mimic Maltese Prime Minister Robert Abela and journalist Mark Laurence Zammit, falsely portraying them as endorsing an investment scheme. The fraudulent video repurposed genuine interview footage from 2022 but replaced the original dialogue with A", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，马耳他总理罗伯特·阿贝拉和记者马克·劳伦斯·扎米特的 Deepfake 被用来促进欺诈性投资", "description_zh": "据称，一个深度造假骗局使用人工智能生成的音频来模仿马耳他总理罗伯特·阿贝拉和记者马克·劳伦斯·扎米特，错误地将他们描绘成支持一项投资计划。该欺诈视频重新利用了 2022 年的真实采访片段，但用 A 替换了原始对话" }, { "date": "2024-12-04", "title": "Deepfake of Former Prime Minister of Malta Joseph Muscat Allegedly Promotes Nord Invest Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/936/", "description": "A reported doctored video falsely depicts former Maltese Prime Minister Joseph Muscat promoting the crypto platform Nord Invest. The manipulated footage, originally from a 2013 Sky News interview, was overlaid with AI-generated audio to mimic Muscat’s voice endorsing a fraudulent scheme. The video w", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马耳他前总理约瑟夫·马斯喀特的 Deepfake 涉嫌推动 Nord Invest 骗局", "description_zh": "据报道，一段被篡改的视频错误地描述了马耳他前总理约瑟夫·穆斯卡特（Joseph Muscat）宣传加密货币平台 Nord Invest。这段经过处理的视频最初来自 2013 年天空新闻的采访，上面覆盖了人工智能生成的音频，模仿马斯喀特支持欺诈计划的声音。该视频w" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "Bolivian Criminal Network Allegedly Used Deepfake of Education Minister to Defraud at Least 19 Victims in Employment Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/937/", "description": "A Bolivian criminal network allegedly used AI-generated deepfake audio of Education Minister Omar Véliz Ramos to impersonate him in phone calls, defrauding at least 19 victims in a fake job scheme. Scammers reportedly lured applicants via social media, used cloned voices for credibility, and demande", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "玻利维亚犯罪网络涉嫌利用教育部长的 Deepfake 诈骗至少 19 名就业骗局受害者", "description_zh": "玻利维亚的一个犯罪网络据称使用人工智能生成的教育部长奥马尔·维利兹·拉莫斯 (Omar Véliz Ramos) 的深度伪造音频在电话中冒充他，在虚假工作计划中诈骗了至少 19 名受害者。据报道，诈骗者通过社交媒体引诱申请人，使用克隆声音来提高可信度，并要求" }, { "date": "2025-01-02", "title": "Purportedly AI-Assisted Impersonation of Martin Henderson in Romance Scam Leads to Reported NZ$375,000 Fraud", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/938/", "description": "An alleged online romance scam exploiting AI-assisted impersonation defrauded a woman, \"Lea,\" of NZ$375,000 over two years. The scammer allegedly used AI-generated voice messages and deceptive text communication to pose as New Zealand actor Martin Henderson and is reported to have built up a relatio", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，在爱情骗局中，人工智能协助冒充 Martin Henderson，导致诈骗金额达 375,000 新西兰元", "description_zh": "一起涉嫌利用人工智能辅助冒充的网络爱情骗局在两年内骗取了一位名为“Lea”的女子 375,000 新西兰元。据称，诈骗者使用人工智能生成的语音消息和欺骗性文本通信冒充新西兰演员马丁·亨德森，并据报道与他建立了联系。" }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "AI-Powered Chinese Surveillance Campaign 'Peer Review' Used for Real-Time Monitoring of Anti-State Speech on Western Social Media", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/939/", "description": "OpenAI reportedly uncovered evidence of a Chinese state-linked AI-powered surveillance campaign, dubbed \"Peer Review,\" designed to monitor and report anti-state speech on Western social media in real time. The system, believed to be built on Meta’s open-source Llama model, was detected when a develo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能驱动的中国监控活动“同行评审”用于实时监控西方社交媒体上的反国家言论", "description_zh": "据报道，OpenAI 发现了中国政府相关的人工智能监控活动的证据，该活动被称为“同行评审”，旨在实时监控和报告西方社交媒体上的反国家言论。该系统被认为是基于 Meta 的开源 Llama 模型构建的，在开发者发现该系统时被检测到。" }, { "date": "2025-02-17", "title": "Tesla Cybertruck Operating in Full Self-Driving Mode Reportedly Crashes into Pole in Nevada After Failing to Merge", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/940/", "description": "A Tesla Cybertruck operating in Full Self-Driving (FSD) mode reportedly crashed into a pole in Reno, Nevada, after failing to merge out of a lane that was ending. The driver, who was required to remain in control, stated that unknown mechanical issues caused the vehicle to leave the lane.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，完全自动驾驶模式下的特斯拉 Cyber​​truck 在内华达州并道失败后撞上电线杆", "description_zh": "据报道，一辆以完全自动驾驶（FSD）模式运行的特斯拉 Cyber​​truck 在内华达州里诺市因未能并入即将结束的车道而撞上了一根杆子。被要求保持控制的司机表示，未知的机械问题导致车辆偏离车道。" }, { "date": "2025-02-17", "title": "AI-Driven Phishing Scam Uses Deepfake Robocalls to Target Gmail Users in Credential Theft Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/941/", "description": "A sophisticated AI-powered phishing scam has reportedly been targeting between 1.8 to 2.5 billion Gmail users, allegedly using deepfake robocalls and phishing emails to steal credentials. Attackers impersonate Google security. They claim suspicious account activity and direct victims to fake Google", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 驱动的网络钓鱼诈骗利用 Deepfake Robocalls 进行凭证盗窃活动以 Gmail 用户为目标", "description_zh": "据报道，一种复杂的人工智能网络钓鱼诈骗瞄准了 1.8 至 25 亿 Gmail 用户，据称使用 Deepfake 机器人呼叫和网络钓鱼电子邮件来窃取凭据。攻击者冒充 Google 安全部门。他们声称存在可疑的帐户活动，并将受害者引导至假冒的 Google" }, { "date": "2025-02-20", "title": "Cybercriminals Reportedly Exploited Google’s G.Co Subdomain and Spoofed Caller ID in AI-Driven Phishing Attack on Hack Club Founder", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/942/", "description": "Hack Club founder Zach Latta was reportedly targeted in an AI-assisted phishing attack exploiting Google’s own systems. Cybercriminals allegedly spoofed a legitimate Google Assistant number and used voice cloning to impersonate support staff, claiming unusual login activity from Frankfurt. They rein", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，网络犯罪分子在针对 Hack Club 创始人的人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼攻击中利用了 Google 的 G.Co 子域并欺骗了来电显示", "description_zh": "据报道，Hack Club 创始人扎克·拉塔 (Zach Latta) 成为利用谷歌自己系统的人工智能辅助网络钓鱼攻击的目标。据称，网络犯罪分子欺骗了合法的 Google Assistant 号码，并使用语音克隆来冒充支持人员，声称来自法兰克福的异常登录活动。他们勒住" }, { "date": "2025-02-20", "title": "Nonconsensual Explicit AI-Generated Images of Up to 60 Gladstone Park Secondary College Students in Victoria, Australia, Reportedly Created and Circulated Online", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/943/", "description": "AI-generated explicit images of up to 60 female students at Gladstone Park Secondary College in Victoria, Australia, were reportedly created and circulated online. The images were reportedly altered from formal school photos using AI tools to produce nonconsensual explicit content. Two Year 11 stude", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，澳大利亚维多利亚州多达 60 名格拉德斯通公园中学学生的未经同意的 AI 生成图像被制作并在网上传播", "description_zh": "据报道，人工智能生成的澳大利亚维多利亚州格莱斯顿公园中学多达 60 名女学生的露骨图像被制作并在网上传播。据报道，这些图像是使用人工智能工具从正式的学校照片中修改出来的，以产生未经同意的露骨内容。两名11年级学生" }, { "date": "2025-02-20", "title": "Kenya's Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary Korir Sing'Oei Reportedly Shared AI-Generated Video Depicting Fareed Zakaria Praising Sudan Diplomacy", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/944/", "description": "Kenya's Foreign Affairs Principal Secretary (PS) Dr. Korir Sing’Oei shared a purportedly AI-generated deepfake video that allegedly depicted CNN journalist Fareed Zakaria praising Kenya's peace diplomacy in Sudan. After reported backlash from the public and journalists on X (Twitter), Sing'Oei delet", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，肯尼亚外交部首席秘书 Korir Sing'Oei 分享了人工智能生成的视频，描绘了法里德·扎卡里亚赞扬苏丹外交", "description_zh": "肯尼亚外交事务首席秘书 (PS) Korir Sing’Oei 博士分享了一段据称由人工智能生成的深度伪造视频，据称该视频描绘了 CNN 记者 Fareed Zakaria 赞扬肯尼亚在苏丹的和平外交。在 X（Twitter）上报道了公众和记者的强烈反对后，Sing'Oei 删除了" }, { "date": "2025-02-19", "title": "Two 16-Year-Old Students in Athens, Greece Allegedly Generated Nonconsensual Deepfake Pornography of Their Classmates", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/945/", "description": "In Athens, Greece, two 16-year-old students were arrested for allegedly generated nonconsensual deepfake pornography of their classmates. They reportedly used images taken from social media to create the explicit images, which they are then reported to have disseminated online to others. The parents", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "希腊雅典两名 16 岁学生涉嫌为同学制作未经同意的 Deepfake 色情内容", "description_zh": "在希腊雅典，两名 16 岁学生因涉嫌为同学制作未经同意的深度伪造色情内容而被捕。据报道，他们使用从社交媒体上拍摄的图像来创建露骨图像，然后据报道将这些图像在网上传播给其他人。父母们" }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Arizona Residents Reportedly a Frequent Target of AI-Driven Romance Scams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/946/", "description": "Arizona residents, especially senior citizens, are reportedly often the target of AI-driven romance scams. Between 2022 and 2023, reported losses from online romance scams in Arizona totaled over $47 million, ranking the state fifth highest in the nation behind California, Florida, Texas, and New Yo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，亚利桑那州居民经常成为人工智能驱动的浪漫诈骗的目标", "description_zh": "据报道，亚利桑那州居民，尤其是老年人，经常成为人工智能驱动的浪漫诈骗的目标。 2022 年至 2023 年间，亚利桑那州报告的网络爱情诈骗损失总额超过 4700 万美元，在全美排名第五，仅次于加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、德克萨斯州和纽约州" }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "title": "Two Members of Highline Public Schools Community in King County, Washington Reportedly Targeted in Deepfake Kidnapping Scam", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/947/", "description": "Two members of the Highline Public Schools community in Burien, a town in King County, Washington, were reportedly targeted in a deepfake kidnapping scam. Scammers used AI-generated voice cloning technology to convincingly mimic the voices of their family members. The scammers used the altered voice", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，华盛顿州金县 Highline 公立学校社区的两名成员成为 Deepfake 绑架骗局的目标", "description_zh": "据报道，华盛顿州金县布里恩镇 Highline 公立学校社区的两名成员成为深度伪造绑架骗局的目标。诈骗者使用人工智能生成的语音克隆技术令人信服地模仿其家庭成员的声音。骗子使用了经过修改的声音" }, { "date": "2025-02-23", "title": "Alleged FraudGPT-Enabled Phishing Attack Spoofs ChatGPT Subscription Service to Steal Credentials", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/948/", "description": "A reported phishing campaign is impersonating OpenAI’s ChatGPT Premium subscription service, using AI-generated emails to steal user credentials and financial data. Cybercriminals are allegedly sending fraudulent renewal requests urging victims to update payment details, directing them to spoofed Op", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌 FraudGPT 的网络钓鱼攻击欺骗 ChatGPT 订阅服务以窃取凭证", "description_zh": "据报道，网络钓鱼活动正在冒充 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT Premium 订阅服务，利用 AI 生成的电子邮件窃取用户凭据和财务数据。据称，网络犯罪分子发送欺诈性续订请求，敦促受害者更新付款详细信息，引导他们前往欺骗性的 Op" }, { "date": "2025-02-24", "title": "Unauthorized AI-Generated Video of Donald Trump and Elon Musk Reportedly Appears on HUD Building Screens", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/949/", "description": "An unauthorized satirical AI-generated video reportedly depicting President Trump kissing Elon Musk’s feet played on TV screens within the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) building, seemingly mocking their relationship. The video is reported to have included the phrase “Long live th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，未经授权的人工智能生成的唐纳德·特朗普和埃隆·马斯克的视频出现在 HUD 建筑屏幕上", "description_zh": "据报道，一段未经授权的人工智能生成的讽刺视频在住房和城市发展部 (HUD) 大楼内的电视屏幕上播放，描绘特朗普总统亲吻埃隆·马斯克的脚，似乎在嘲笑他们的关系。据报道，该视频包含“万岁”这句话" }, { "date": "2024-11-07", "title": "NullBulge's AI-Powered Malware Allegedly Compromises Disney Employee and Internal Data", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/950/", "description": "A Disney employee, Matthew Van Andel, reportedly downloaded AI-powered malware allegedly developed by the cybercriminal group NullBulge, resulting in a major cybersecurity breach. Hackers purportedly accessed Disney's Slack system, exposing 44 million internal messages, employee and customer data, a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NullBulge 的人工智能恶意软件据称危害迪士尼员工和内部数据", "description_zh": "据报道，迪士尼员工 Matthew Van Andel 下载了据称由网络犯罪组织 NullBulge 开发的人工智能驱动的恶意软件，导致重大网络安全漏洞。据称，黑客访问了迪士尼的 Slack 系统，暴露了 4400 万条内部消息、员工和客户数据，" }, { "date": "2025-02-24", "title": "Character.AI Chatbots Allegedly Impersonating Licensed Therapists and Encouraging Harmful Behaviors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/951/", "description": "The American Psychological Association (APA) has warned federal regulators that AI chatbots on Character.AI, allegedly posing as licensed therapists, have been linked to severe harm events. A 14-year-old in Florida reportedly died by suicide after interacting with an AI therapist, while a 17-year-ol", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，Character.AI 聊天机器人冒充有执照的治疗师并鼓励有害行为", "description_zh": "美国心理协会 (APA) 警告联邦监管机构，Character.AI 上的人工智能聊天机器人据称冒充持照治疗师，与严重伤害事件有关。据报道，佛罗里达州一名 14 岁青少年在与人工智能治疗师互动后自杀身亡，而一名 17 岁青少年则在与人工智能治疗师互动后自杀身亡。" }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "Apple’s Voice Dictation Reportedly Substitutes ‘Trump’ for ‘Racist’ Due to Speech Recognition Bug", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/952/", "description": "Apple's iPhone dictation feature reportedly displayed \"Trump\" when users dictated the word \"racist,\" with a viral video demonstrating the glitch. Apple acknowledged the bug, attributing it to a phonetic overlap in its speech recognition model, though some speculated it could be an internal prank. Th", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，由于语音识别错误，苹果的语音听写功能用“特朗普”代替了“种族主义者”", "description_zh": "据报道，当用户口述“种族主义”一词时，苹果 iPhone 的听写功能会显示“特朗普”，并有一段病毒视频展示了这一故障。苹果公司承认了这个错误，并将其归因于其语音识别模型中的语音重叠，尽管有些人猜测这可能是一个内部恶作剧。钍" }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Deepfake Videos of Barbara O’Neill Allegedly Used in Health Scam Targeting Social Media Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/953/", "description": "Deepfake videos of Barbara O’Neill, an Australian alternative health advocate banned from giving medical advice, have allegedly been used in fraudulent social media ads promoting false health cures. They include treatments for prostate issues and erectile dysfunction. These manipulated videos have b", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "芭芭拉·奥尼尔的 Deepfake 视频据称被用于针对社交媒体用户的健康诈骗", "description_zh": "澳大利亚另类健康倡导者芭芭拉·奥尼尔（Barbara O’Neill）被禁止提供医疗建议，其 Deepfake 视频据称被用于宣传虚假健康疗法的欺诈性社交媒体广告。其中包括前列腺问题和勃起功能障碍的治疗。这些被操纵的视频已经" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Chatbots Allegedly Used in Romance Scams Targeting Nearly One-Third of New Zealand's Dating App Users", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/954/", "description": "A Norton Cyber Safety Insights Report found that nearly one-third of New Zealand dating app users have been targeted by romance scams, with AI chatbots allegedly playing a growing role. The report, based on a January 2025 survey, indicates that 50% of dating app users believed they had interacted wi", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，聊天机器人被用于针对新西兰近三分之一约会应用程序用户的浪漫诈骗", "description_zh": "诺顿网络安全洞察报告发现，近三分之一的新西兰约会应用程序用户成为浪漫诈骗的目标，据称人工智能聊天机器人发挥着越来越大的作用。该报告基于 2025 年 1 月的一项调查，表明 50% 的约会应用程序用户认为他们曾与" }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "Global Cybercrime Network Storm-2139 Allegedly Exploits AI to Generate Deepfake Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/955/", "description": "A global cybercrime network, Storm-2139, allegedly exploited stolen credentials and developed custom tools to bypass AI safety guardrails. They reportedly generated harmful deepfake content, including nonconsensual intimate images of celebrities, and their software is reported to have disabled conte", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全球网络犯罪网络 Storm-2139 据称利用人工智能生成 Deepfake 内容", "description_zh": "全球网络犯罪网络 Storm-2139 据称利用被盗凭证并开发了自定义工具来绕过人工智能安全护栏。据报道，他们生成了有害的深度伪造内容，包括未经同意的名人亲密图像，据报道他们的软件禁用了内容" }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "Alleged Inclusion of 12,000 Live API Keys in LLM Training Data Reportedly Poses Security Risks", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/956/", "description": "A dataset used to train large language models allegedly contained 12,000 live API keys and authentication credentials. Some of these were reportedly still active and allowed unauthorized access. Truffle Security found these secrets in a December 2024 Common Crawl archive, which spans 250 billion web", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 LLM 培训数据中包含 12,000 个实时 API 密钥存在安全风险", "description_zh": "据称，用于训练大型语言模型的数据集包含 12,000 个实时 API 密钥和身份验证凭据。据报道，其中一些仍然活跃并允许未经授权的访问。 Truffle Security 在 2024 年 12 月的 Common Crawl 档案中发现了这些秘密，该档案涵盖 2500 亿个网络" }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "Alleged Instagram Algorithm Malfunction Floods Users' Reels Feeds with Violent and Graphic Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/957/", "description": "An alleged Instagram algorithm malfunction caused users' Reels feeds to be overwhelmed with violent and distressing content. Many reported seeing deaths, extreme brutality, and other graphic material in rapid succession, often without prior engagement with similar content. The sudden exposure caused", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Instagram 算法故障导致用户的 Reels Feed 充斥着暴力和图形内容", "description_zh": "据称 Instagram 算法故障导致用户的 Reels 推送中充斥着暴力和令人痛苦的内容。许多人报告说，他们快速连续地看到了死亡、极端残暴和其他图片材料，而且通常没有事先接触过类似的内容。突然曝光导致" }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "title": "Europol Operation Cumberland Investigates at Least 273 Suspects in 19 Countries for AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/958/", "description": "Europol’s Operation Cumberland uncovered a global network distributing AI-generated child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The operation has led to 25 arrests and 273 identified suspects across 19 countries. The AI-enabled abuse allows criminals to create exploitative content at scale with minimal expe", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧洲刑警组织坎伯兰行动针对人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料对 19 个国家的至少 273 名嫌疑人进行调查", "description_zh": "欧洲刑警组织的坎伯兰行动发现了一个分发人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的全球网络。此次行动已在 19 个国家逮捕了 25 人，并确定了 273 名嫌疑人。人工智能驱动的滥用使得犯罪分子能够以最小的成本大规模地创建剥削性内容" }, { "date": "2025-02-03", "title": "Deepfake Video of Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto and Other Officials Reportedly Used in Scam to Defraud Citizens Across 20 Provinces", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/959/", "description": "A deepfake scam allegedly using AI-generated videos of Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto and other officials reportedly defrauded victims across 20 provinces, tricking them into paying Rp 250,000 to Rp 1 million ($15-$60) for purported financial aid. The fraudulent clips, circulated on TikTok, I", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，印度尼西亚总统普拉博沃·苏比安托 (Prabowo Subianto) 和其他官员的 Deepfake 视频被用于诈骗 20 个省份的公民", "description_zh": "据报道，一个深度造假骗局据称使用人工智能生成的印度尼西亚总统普拉博沃·苏比安托（Prabowo Subianto）和其他官员的视频欺骗了 20 个省份的受害者，诱骗他们支付 25 万至 100 万卢比（15 至 60 美元）作为所谓的经济援助。在 TikTok 上传播的欺诈视频，我" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "Plaintiffs' Lawyers Admit AI Generated Erroneous Case Citations in Federal Court Filing Against Walmart", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/960/", "description": "Lawyers Rudwin Ayala, T. Michael Morgan (Morgan & Morgan), and Taly Goody (Goody Law Group) were fined a total of $5,000 after their Wyoming federal lawsuit filing against Walmart cited fake cases \"hallucinated\" by AI. Judge Kelly Rankin sanctioned them, removing Ayala from the case and noting attor", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "原告律师承认人工智能在联邦法院针对沃尔玛提起的诉讼中生成了错误的案例引用", "description_zh": "律师 Rudwin Ayala、T. Michael Morgan（Morgan & Morgan）和 Taly Goody（Goody Law Group）在怀俄明州向沃尔玛提起联邦诉讼，引用人工智能“幻觉”的虚假案件后，被处以总计 5,000 美元的罚款。法官凯利·兰金（Kelly Rankin）对他们进行了制裁，将阿亚拉从案件中除名，并指出律师" }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Serbian Authorities Allegedly Used AI-Powered Cellebrite Tools to Unlock Journalist’s Phone and Install Spyware", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/961/", "description": "Serbian authorities allegedly used Cellebrite’s AI-powered forensic tools to unlock journalists’ and activists’ phones without consent. They reportedly then installed NoviSpy, a newly discovered spyware. That then purportedly allowed covert data extraction, remote microphone and camera activation, a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塞尔维亚当局据称使用人工智能驱动的 Cellebrite 工具解锁记者的手机并安装间谍软件", "description_zh": "据称，塞尔维亚当局在未经同意的情况下使用 Cellebrite 的人工智能取证工具解锁记者和活动人士的手机。据报道，他们随后安装了新发现的间谍软件 NoviSpy。据称，这允许秘密数据提取、远程麦克风和摄像头激活，" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Tbilisi-Based Call Center Allegedly Uses AI-Driven Scripts to Defraud Over 6,000 Victims of $35 Million", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/962/", "description": "A large-scale AI-assisted financial scam, allegedly operated from Tbilisi, Georgia, used deepfake celebrity endorsements and manipulated victims through fraudulent trading dashboards that simulated high returns. Call center agents, trained with AI-driven persuasion tactics, convinced individuals to", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "位于第比利斯的呼叫中心据称使用人工智能驱动的脚本诈骗了 6,000 多名受害者，金额达 3500 万美元", "description_zh": "据称，在格鲁吉亚第比利斯进行的大规模人工智能辅助金融骗局使用深度伪造的名人代言，并通过模拟高回报的欺诈性交易仪表板来操纵受害者。呼叫中心代理接受了人工智能驱动的说服策略的培训，说服了个人" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Google Reports Alleged Gemini-Generated Terrorism and Child Exploitation to Australian eSafety Commission", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/963/", "description": "Google reported to Australia's eSafety Commission that it received 258 complaints globally about AI-generated deepfake terrorism content and 86 about child abuse material made with its Gemini AI. The regulator called this a \"world-first insight\" into AI misuse. While Google uses hash-matching to det", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谷歌向澳大利亚电子安全委员会报告涉嫌由双子座制造的恐怖主义和儿童剥削行为", "description_zh": "谷歌向澳大利亚电子安全委员会报告称，它在全球收到 258 起关于人工智能生成的深度伪造恐怖主义内容的投诉，以及 86 起关于使用 Gemini AI 制作的虐待儿童材料的投诉。监管机构称这是对人工智能滥用的“世界第一洞察”。虽然 Google 使用哈希匹配来检测" }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "AI-Powered 'Insights' Feature for the Los Angeles Times Allegedly Justifies Ku Klux Klan’s History", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/964/", "description": "The Los Angeles Times removed its AI-generated “insights” feature after it is alleged to have produced a defense of the Ku Klux Klan. The AI reportedly framed the hate group as a product of societal change rather than an extremist movement. The AI tool, developed by Perplexity and promoted by owner", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《洛杉矶时报》人工智能“洞察”专题据称证实了三K党的历史", "description_zh": "《洛杉矶时报》在据称为三K党提供了辩护后，删除了人工智能生成的“见解”功能。据报道，人工智能将仇恨团体描述为社会变革的产物，而不是极端主义运动。由 Perplexity 开发并由所有者推广的 AI 工具" }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Phishers Allegedly Using AI-Generated Video of YouTube CEO Neal Mohan to Target Creators", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/965/", "description": "Scammers are reportedly using an AI-generated deepfake of YouTube CEO Neal Mohan to steal user credentials. The fake video announces false changes to YouTube’s monetization policy, and it then tricks creators into clicking malicious links or downloading malware. The scam spreads through private vide", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络钓鱼者据称利用 AI 生成的 YouTube 首席执行官 Neal Mohan 视频来攻击创作者", "description_zh": "据报道，诈骗者正在使用人工智能生成的 YouTube 首席执行官尼尔·莫汉 (Neal Mohan) 的 Deepfake 来窃取用户凭据。该虚假视频宣布对 YouTube 的盈利政策进行虚假更改，然后诱骗创作者点击恶意链接或下载恶意软件。该骗局通过私人视频传播" }, { "date": "2024-07-16", "title": "Ferrari Executive Targeted by AI Deepfake Scam Impersonating CEO Benedetto Vigna", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/966/", "description": "A Ferrari executive was targeted by an AI-generated deepfake impersonating CEO Benedetto Vigna in an alleged fraud attempt. The scammer, using WhatsApp and a cloned voice, claimed an urgent, secretive financial deal required immediate action. The executive became suspicious after detecting slight ar", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法拉利高管被冒充首席执行官贝内代托·维尼亚 (Benedetto Vigna) 的 AI Deepfake 骗局瞄准", "description_zh": "一名法拉利高管成为人工智能生成的深度造假冒充首席执行官贝内代托·维尼亚 (Benedetto Vigna) 的目标，涉嫌欺诈。诈骗者使用 WhatsApp 和克隆声音，声称需要立即采取紧急、秘密的财务交易。这位高管在发现轻微的异常现象后产生了怀疑" }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "title": "Amazon and Google AI Allegedly Promote Mein Kampf as 'a True Work of Art' in Search Results", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/967/", "description": "Amazon's AI-generated review summary allegedly misrepresented customer feedback on Mein Kampf by describing it as \"a true work of art.\" Google's search algorithm then surfaced this misleading AI-generated text as a featured snippet, which in turn amplified the error. This incident arose from AI summ", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚马逊和谷歌人工智能据称在搜索结果中将《我的奋斗》宣传为“真正的艺术作品”", "description_zh": "据称，亚马逊人工智能生成的评论摘要歪曲了客户对《我的奋斗》的反馈，将其描述为“真正的艺术品”。然后，谷歌的搜索算法将这种人工智能生成的误导性文本作为特色片段显示出来，这反过来又放大了错误。此事件起因于AI summ" }, { "date": "2022-02-24", "title": "'Pravda' Network, Successor to 'Portal Kombat,' Allegedly Seeding AI Models with Kremlin Disinformation", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/968/", "description": "A purported Moscow-based disinformation network, Pravda, allegedly infiltrated AI models by flooding the internet with pro-Kremlin falsehoods. A NewsGuard audit found that 10 major AI chatbots repeated these narratives 33% of the time, citing Pravda sources as legitimate. The tactic, called \"LLM gro", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《真理报》网络是《门户快打》的后继者，据称在人工智能模型中传播克里姆林宫虚假信息", "description_zh": "一个据称位于莫斯科的虚假信息网络《真理报》据称通过在互联网上散布亲克里姆林宫的谎言来渗透人工智能模型。 NewsGuard 的一项审计发现，10 个主要的人工智能聊天机器人在 33% 的时间内重复了这些叙述，并引用《真理报》的来源是合法的。该策略称为“LLM gro" }, { "date": "2024-02-09", "title": "Russian Disinformation Campaign Allegedly Used Fake News Site 'KBSF-San Francisco News' and Deepfake Video to Falsely Accuse Kamala Harris of 2011 Hit-and-Run", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/969/", "description": "A Russian disinformation campaign allegedly used a fake news site, \"KBSF-San Francisco News,\" and an AI-generated deepfake video to falsely accuse Kamala Harris of a 2011 hit-and-run accident in San Francisco. The deepfake featured a fabricated African-American victim, whose AI-generated testimony s", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯虚假信息运动据称利用假新闻网站“KBSF-旧金山新闻”和 Deepfake 视频错误指控卡玛拉·哈里斯 2011 年肇事逃逸", "description_zh": "据称，俄罗斯的虚假信息活动利用假新闻网站“KBSF-旧金山新闻”和人工智能生成的深度伪造视频，错误地指控卡玛拉·哈里斯参与了 2011 年旧金山肇事逃逸事故。 Deepfake 的主角是一位捏造的非裔美国受害者，其人工智能生成的证词" }, { "date": "2023-02-05", "title": "Iranian Hacker Group Cotton Sandstorm Reportedly Integrating AI into Cyber Influence Operations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/971/", "description": "The Iranian state-sponsored group Cotton Sandstorm, linked to the IRGC, has integrated generative AI into cyber influence operations. In December 2023, it launched Operation “For Humanity,\" using AI-crafted messaging to hijack a U.S.-based IPTV streaming service with propaganda about the Israel-Hama", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，伊朗黑客组织“棉花沙暴”将人工智能整合到网络影响行动中", "description_zh": "伊朗国家资助的组织“棉花沙暴”与伊朗革命卫队有联系，已将生成式人工智能融入网络影响行动中。 2023 年 12 月，它启动了“为了人类”行动，利用人工智能制作的消息来劫持美国的 IPTV 流媒体服务，宣传以色列-哈马组织" }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "title": "Russian Influence Operation Allegedly Uses AI to Create Fake Kamala Harris Campaign Website and Rhino-Hunting Hoax", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/972/", "description": "A Russian disinformation campaign, linked to Storm-1516 and Kremlin propagandist John Mark Dougan, allegedly used AI-generated content to target Kamala Harris’s election bid. The operation included a fake campaign website promoting extreme policies and an AI-enhanced deepfake video falsely claiming", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄罗斯影响力行动据称使用人工智能创建假卡马拉·哈里斯竞选网站和犀牛狩猎骗局", "description_zh": "与 Storm-1516 和克里姆林宫宣传员约翰·马克·杜根 (John Mark Dougan) 有关的俄罗斯虚假信息运动据称使用人工智能生成的内容来针对卡马拉·哈里斯 (Kamala Harris) 的竞选。该行动包括一个宣传极端政策的虚假竞选网站和一个人工智能增强的深度伪造视频，虚假声称" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Canadian Fraud Ring Allegedly Used AI Voice Cloning in Multi-Year $21 Million Grandparent Scam Targeting Elderly Americans Across 46 States", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/973/", "description": "A Canadian fraud ring allegedly used AI-generated voice cloning to defraud victims across 46 U.S. states by targeting grandparents in a $21 million scam between 2021 and 2024. Operating from call centers in Montreal, the scammers spoofed U.S. phone numbers and used AI-cloned voices of grandchildren", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拿大诈骗团伙据称使用人工智能语音克隆技术实施了针对 46 个州的美国老年人的长达 2100 万美元的祖父母骗局", "description_zh": "据称，加拿大一个诈骗团伙在 2021 年至 2024 年间利用人工智能生成的语音克隆技术，以祖父母为目标，诈骗了美国 46 个州的受害者，诈骗金额高达 2100 万美元。诈骗者通过蒙特利尔的呼叫中心进行操作，欺骗美国电话号码，并使用人工智能克隆的孙辈声音" }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Purported Deepfake Audio Allegedly Impersonates U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Starlink Disinformation Campaign", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/974/", "description": "A purported deepfake audio clip allegedly impersonating U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio falsely claimed he vowed to pressure Elon Musk into cutting Ukraine’s access to Starlink. The reported clip was inserted into a purportedly manipulated CNN interview. It was then reported to have spread acros", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Deepfake 音频在星链虚假信息活动中冒充美国国务卿马可·卢比奥", "description_zh": "一段据称冒充美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥的深度伪造音频片段谎称他发誓要向埃隆·马斯克施压，要求切断乌克兰接入星链的通道。报道的剪辑被插入到据称经过操纵的 CNN 采访中。据报道，该病毒随后已蔓延至各地" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "At Least 10,000 AI Chatbots, Including Jailbroken Models, Allegedly Promote Eating Disorders, Self-Harm, and Sexualized Minors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/975/", "description": "At least 10,000 AI chatbots have allegedly been created to promote harmful behaviors, including eating disorders, self-harm, and the sexualization of minors. These chatbots, some jailbroken or custom-built, leverage APIs from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google and are hosted on platforms like Character.A", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "至少 10,000 个人工智能聊天机器人，包括越狱模型，据称宣扬饮食失调、自残和未成年人性化", "description_zh": "据称，至少有 10,000 个人工智能聊天机器人被创建来促进有害行为，包括饮食失调、自残和未成年人性化。这些聊天机器人（有些是越狱的或定制的）利用 OpenAI、Anthropic 和 Google 的 API，并托管在 Character.A 等平台上" }, { "date": "2025-08-03", "title": "AI-Generated OB-GYN Health Influencers on TikTok Used Fake Medical Credentials to Promote Dubious Advice", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/976/", "description": "AI-generated avatars posing as OB-GYNs on TikTok, part of the so-called, crudely termed \"Coochie Doctor\" trend, have been falsely claiming years of experience while promoting dubious health advice. Many, including an avatar named \"Violet,\" were created using the Captions app, which generates scripte", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TikTok 上人工智能生成的妇产科健康影响者使用虚假医疗证书来宣传可疑建议", "description_zh": "人工智能生成的化身在 TikTok 上冒充妇产科医生，这是所谓的、粗俗地称为“Coochie Doctor”趋势的一部分，他们一直虚假地声称拥有多年的经验，同时宣传可疑的健康建议。许多内容，包括名为“Violet”的头像，都是使用“字幕”应用程序创建的，该应用程序会生成脚本" }, { "date": "2025-02-03", "title": "AI-Driven News Platform Accused of Spreading Unverified Terrorism Allegations Against Yale Scholar", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/977/", "description": "An AI-powered news site, Jewish Onliner, allegedly published an article linking Yale Law scholar Helyeh Doutaghi to Samidoun, a sanctioned group, which led to her suspension within days. The site, which claims to use AI for research, fact-checking, and content creation, did not disclose human report", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能驱动的新闻平台被指控传播针对耶鲁学者的未经证实的恐怖主义指控", "description_zh": "据称，人工智能驱动的新闻网站“Jewish Onliner”发表了一篇文章，将耶鲁大学法学院学者 Helyeh Doutaghi 与受制裁组织 Samidoun 联系起来，导致她在几天内被停职。该网站声称使用人工智能进行研究、事实核查和内容创建，但没有披露人类报告" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Chinese Actor and CPPCC Member Jin Dong Allegedly Impersonated by AI Deepfake Scammers to Mislead and Defraud Fans", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/978/", "description": "Jin Dong, an actor from China and a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), has warned about criminals using deepfake technology to impersonate him. The scammers are reportedly using his likeness and cloning his voice to deceive and defraud elderly individuals. In a", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中国演员、政协委员靳东涉嫌被AI Deepfake骗子冒充误导和诈骗粉丝", "description_zh": "来自中国的演员、中国人民政治协商会议 (CPPCC) 委员靳东警告犯罪分子不要使用 Deepfake 技术冒充他。据报道，诈骗者利用他的肖像并克隆他的声音来欺骗老年人。在一个" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Art Museum in Jinan, Shandong Allegedly Generated and Displayed a Sexualized Childlike Avatar with an Adult Body", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/979/", "description": "A Chinese art museum in Jinan, Shandong exhibited an AI-generated virtual character, \"济南小妮儿\" (Jinan Xiaonier), which featured a childlike face on an adult woman’s body with suggestive movements. The display drew public outrage, with critics accusing it of sexualizing children and demanding its remov", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "山东济南美术馆涉嫌制作并展示成人身体的性化童趣头像", "description_zh": "山东济南的一家中国美术馆展出了人工智能生成的虚拟角色“济南小妮儿”，它的特点是成年女性的身体上有一张稚气的脸，并带有暗示性的动作。该展示引起了公众的愤怒，批评者指责它使儿童性化并要求将其删除" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "AI-Generated Songs Allegedly Imitating Céline Dion Circulate Online Without Authorization", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/980/", "description": "Céline Dion has publicly condemned AI-generated music that falsely claims to feature her voice without her permission. In a March 7, 2025 statement, her team warned fans that these recordings are fake and unauthorized.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的歌曲涉嫌模仿席琳·迪翁未经授权在网上传播", "description_zh": "席琳·迪翁公开谴责人工智能生成的音乐，这些音乐在未经她许可的情况下谎称使用了她的声音。在 2025 年 3 月 7 日的一份声明中，她的团队警告粉丝这些录音是假的且未经授权。" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Apple AI Transcription Allegedly Inserts Explicit Language into Scottish Woman’s Voicemail", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/981/", "description": "An Apple voicemail transcription system allegedly misinterpreted a message from Lookers Land Rover in Motherwell, Scotland, to 66-year-old customer Louise Littlejohn by inserting an explicit phrase and an insult. The original voicemail was a standard business message, but AI processing errors introd", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，苹果人工智能转录在苏格兰妇女的语音邮件中插入了露骨的语言", "description_zh": "据称，Apple 语音信箱转录系统误读了苏格兰马瑟韦尔 Lookers Land Rover 发给 66 岁顾客 Louise Littlejohn 的消息，插入了露骨的短语和侮辱性内容。最初的语音邮件是标准的商业消息，但人工智能处理错误引入了" }, { "date": "2025-03-13", "title": "Scammers Reportedly Using Deepfake Video Calls to Impersonate Executives in Singapore and Orchestrate Corporate Bank Transfers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/982/", "description": "Scammers in Singapore are reportedly using AI-generated deepfake video calls to impersonate corporate executives. The calls seek to deceive employees into authorizing fraudulent bank transfers. Usually, it is reported, victims will receive WhatsApp messages inviting them to Zoom meetings. During the", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，诈骗者利用 Deepfake 视频通话冒充新加坡高管并策划企业银行转账", "description_zh": "据报道，新加坡的诈骗者正在使用人工智能生成的深度伪造视频通话来冒充企业高管。这些电话旨在欺骗员工授权进行欺诈性银行转账。据报道，通常情况下，受害者会收到邀请他们参加 Zoom 会议的 WhatsApp 消息。期间" }, { "date": "2024-10-05", "title": "Scammers Reportedly Used AI Voice Clone and YouTube Footage to Impersonate WPP CEO in Unsuccessful Scam Attempt", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/983/", "description": "Scammers reportedly attempted to impersonate WPP CEO Mark Read using AI-generated voice cloning and YouTube footage in a Microsoft Teams scam. They allegedly created a fake WhatsApp account with Read’s image and used deepfake audio to deceive an agency leader into setting up a new business. The sche", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，诈骗者利用 AI 语音克隆和 YouTube 视频冒充 WPP 首席执行官，实施诈骗未遂", "description_zh": "据报道，诈骗者试图在 Microsoft Teams 诈骗中使用人工智能生成的语音克隆和 YouTube 视频来冒充 WPP 首席执行官 Mark Read。据称，他们用 Read 的图像创建了一个虚假的 WhatsApp 帐户，并使用 Deepfake 音频欺骗一名机构领导人建立新业务。该方案" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Deepfake Videos Allegedly Use AI-Generated Voice Clone of Singapore Prime Minister Lawrence Wong to Promote Scams", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/984/", "description": "Singapore Prime Minister Lawrence Wong issued a warning about AI-generated deepfake videos and voice clones falsely portraying him promoting cryptocurrency scams, money-making schemes, and PR services. The manipulated content, seen on social media, reportedly uses public footage and AI voice cloning", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 视频据称使用人工智能生成的新加坡总理黄循财的语音克隆来宣传诈骗", "description_zh": "新加坡总理黄循财发出警告，称人工智能生成的深度造假视频和声音克隆错误地描绘了他宣传加密货币诈骗、赚钱计划和公关服务的情况。据报道，社交媒体上看到的被操纵的内容使用了公共镜头和人工智能语音克隆" }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "Alleged Deepfake of Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong Promotes Cryptocurrency Scam in Fake Interview", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/985/", "description": "A deepfake video falsely depicted Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong promoting a cryptocurrency investment scam. Scammers used AI-generated voice cloning and manipulated footage from official events to create a convincing but fraudulent video interview with China Global Television Network. L", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新加坡总理李显龙涉嫌 Deepfake 在虚假采访中宣扬加密货币骗局", "description_zh": "一段深度造假视频错误地描绘了新加坡总理李显龙宣传加密货币投资骗局的情况。骗子利用人工智能生成的克隆声音和篡改官方活动的镜头，制作了一段令人信服但具有欺诈性的中国环球电视网视频采访。 L" }, { "date": "2024-02-06", "title": "Scammers Allegedly Manipulate 2023 Speech of Singapore Senior Minister Lee Hsien Loong to Spread Deepfake Investment Fraud", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/986/", "description": "A new deepfake video falsely showed Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong endorsing an investment product with guaranteed returns. Scammers synchronized fake audio with real footage from his 2023 National Day speech, making it appear as though he had made the endorsement. Lee called this “extremely worryin", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诈骗者涉嫌操纵新加坡国务资政李显龙 2023 年讲话，传播 Deepfake 投资欺诈", "description_zh": "一段新的深度伪造视频错误地显示李显龙总理认可一种有保证回报的投资产品。骗子将虚假音频与他 2023 年国庆演讲的真实镜头同步，让人觉得他好像已经背书了。李称这“非常令人担忧”" }, { "date": "2023-11-12", "title": "Alleged Deepfake of Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong Falsely Shows Him Endorsing Commercial Products", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/987/", "description": "A deepfake video falsely depicting Singapore Deputy Prime Minister Lawrence Wong endorsing commercial products circulated online in December 2023. Wong publicly denied the endorsement, warning that scammers had used AI-generated deepfake technology to impersonate him. The manipulated media aimed to", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新加坡副总理黄循财涉嫌 Deepfake 虚假显示他支持商业产品", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月，一段虚假描述新加坡副总理黄循财为商业产品代言的 Deepfake 视频在网上流传。Wong 公开否认了这一代言，并警告诈骗者使用人工智能生成的 Deepfake 技术来冒充他。被操纵的媒体旨在" }, { "date": "2024-06-21", "title": "Senior Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong Allegedly Misrepresented in Two Deepfake Videos on Foreign Relations", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/988/", "description": "Two deepfake videos falsely depicted Senior Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong commenting on US-China relations and the South China Sea. The videos misleadingly attributed views to him and the Singapore government. Posted on TikTok, the videos amassed over 190,000 views before being removed.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新加坡国务资政李显龙涉嫌在两段有关外交关系的 Deepfake 视频中歪曲事实", "description_zh": "两段深度造假视频错误地描绘了新加坡国务资政李显龙评论美中关系和南海的情况。这些视频误导性地将观点归因于他和新加坡政府。这些视频发布在 TikTok 上，在被删除之前获得了超过 19 万次观看。" }, { "date": "2025-05-03", "title": "Alleged AI-Generated Video by Spain’s People’s Party Results in Diplomatic Fallout with the Dominican Republic", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/989/", "description": "Spain's People's Party (PP) posted an AI-generated attack video depicting Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez on a beach under the title \"The Island of Corruption,\" a reference to a reality TV show filmed in the Dominican Republic, indirectly linking the country to corruption. The Dominican Foreign Ministr", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "西班牙人民党涉嫌人工智能生成的视频导致与多米尼加共和国的外交影响", "description_zh": "西班牙人民党 (PP) 发布了一段人工智能生成的攻击视频，视频中总理佩德罗·桑切斯在海滩上，标题为“腐败之岛”，指的是在多米尼加共和国拍摄的电视真人秀节目，间接将该国与腐败联系起来。多米尼加外交部长" }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "title": "Corinth School District Educator in Mississippi Allegedly Used AI to Generate CSAM of Students", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/990/", "description": "An educator in the Corinth School District of Mississippi, Wilson Jones, was arrested for allegedly using AI to generate child sexual abuse material (CSAM) of students. A complaint was filed with the police on January 29th, 2025, and a search warrant was executed on March 3rd, 2025. The FBI allege t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密西西比州科林斯学区教育工作者据称使用人工智能生成学生的 CSAM", "description_zh": "密西西比州科林斯学区的一名教育工作者威尔逊·琼斯因涉嫌使用人工智能生成学生的儿童性虐待材料（CSAM）而被捕。 2025年1月29日向警方提出申诉，并于2025年3月3日执行搜查令。联邦调查局称，" }, { "date": "2025-03-14", "title": "Alleged AI-Generated IRS Scam Websites Used to Defraud U.S. Taxpayers", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/991/", "description": "Scammers have allegedly been using AI-generated imposter websites and phishing emails to impersonate the IRS. They have reportedly been tricking taxpayers into providing personal and financial information. There has been a reported surge in tax-related AI scams leading up to Tax Day 2025, with fraud", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称人工智能生成的 IRS 诈骗网站用于欺骗美国纳税人", "description_zh": "据称，诈骗者一直在使用人工智能生成的冒名顶替者网站和网络钓鱼电子邮件来冒充美国国税局。据报道，他们一直在欺骗纳税人提供个人和财务信息。据报道，在 2025 年纳税日之前，与税务相关的人工智能诈骗数量激增，其中包括欺诈行为" }, { "date": "2023-04-15", "title": "Chinese Businessman Reportedly Defrauded of 4.3 Million Yuan by AI-Generated Deepfake Impersonating Friend", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/992/", "description": "A scammer in China used AI-generated deepfake technology to impersonate a businessman’s trusted friend in a video call, convincing him to transfer 4.3 million yuan ($612,000). The fraudster mimicked the friend’s face and voice, claiming another associate needed funds for a business transaction. With", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，中国商人被人工智能生成的 Deepfake 冒充朋友诈骗了 430 万元人民币", "description_zh": "中国的一名诈骗者使用人工智能生成的 Deepfake 技术在视频通话中冒充一名商人信任的朋友，说服他转账 430 万元人民币（612,000 美元）。诈骗者模仿该朋友的面孔和声音，声称另一名同事需要资金进行商业交易。和" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Sydney Students Allegedly Forced to Retake NAPLAN After AI Predictive Text Error", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/993/", "description": "A predictive text malfunction allegedly compromised the integrity of the NAPLAN writing exam at two Sydney schools, Waverley College and Kambala, in that it allowed students to access AI-driven text suggestions. Caused by a technical oversight, this incident led to affected students being required t", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，悉尼学生在 AI 预测文本错误后被迫重新参加 NAPLAN", "description_zh": "据称，预测文本故障损害了悉尼两所学校（韦弗利学院和坎巴拉） NAPLAN 写作考试的完整性，因为它允许学生访问人工智能驱动的文本建议。由于技术疏忽，该事件导致受影响的学生被要求" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "title": "AI-Enabled Organized Crime Expands Across Europe", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/994/", "description": "Europol’s EU Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (EU-SOCTA) 2025 warns that AI is accelerating the growth of organized crime throughout Europe. Criminal networks are leveraging AI for cyber fraud, ransomware, money laundering, and child exploitation, while AI-powered social engineering and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能支持的有组织犯罪在欧洲蔓延", "description_zh": "欧洲刑警组织 2025 年欧盟严重和有组织犯罪威胁评估 (EU-SOCTA) 警告称，人工智能正在加速整个欧洲有组织犯罪的增长。犯罪网络正在利用人工智能进行网络欺诈、勒索软件、洗钱和剥削儿童，而人工智能驱动的社会工程和" }, { "date": "2023-12-27", "title": "The New York Times Reportedly Sues OpenAI and Microsoft Over Alleged Unauthorized AI Training on Its Content", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/995/", "description": "The New York Times alleges that OpenAI and Microsoft used millions of its articles without permission to train AI models, including ChatGPT. The lawsuit claims the companies scraped and reproduced copyrighted content without compensation, in turn undermining the Times’s business and competing with i", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，《纽约时报》起诉 OpenAI 和微软，指控其内容未经授权进行人工智能培训", "description_zh": "《纽约时报》称 OpenAI 和微软未经许可使用其数百万篇文章来训练人工智能模型，包括 ChatGPT。该诉讼称，这些公司在没有补偿的情况下抄袭和复制了受版权保护的内容，从而损害了《纽约时报》的业务并与《纽约时报》竞争。" }, { "date": "2020-10-25", "title": "Meta Allegedly Used Books3, a Dataset of 191,000 Pirated Books, to Train LLaMA AI", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/996/", "description": "Meta and Bloomberg allegedly used Books3, a dataset containing 191,000 pirated books, to train their AI models, including LLaMA and BloombergGPT, without author consent. Lawsuits from authors such as Sarah Silverman and Michael Chabon claim this constitutes copyright infringement. Books3 includes wo", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 Meta 使用 Books3（包含 191,000 本盗版书籍的数据集）来训练 LLaMA AI", "description_zh": "Meta 和 Bloomberg 据称在未经作者同意的情况下使用 Books3（一个包含 191,000 册盗版书籍的数据集）来训练他们的 AI 模型，包括 LLaMA 和 BloombergGPT。萨拉·西尔弗曼 (Sarah Silverman) 和迈克尔·查邦 (Michael Chabon) 等作者提起诉讼，声称这构成版权侵权。 Books3 包括 wo" }, { "date": "2023-02-28", "title": "Meta and OpenAI Accused of Using LibGen’s Pirated Books to Train AI Models", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/997/", "description": "Court records reveal that Meta employees allegedly discussed pirating books to train LLaMA 3, citing cost and speed concerns with licensing. Internal messages suggest Meta accessed LibGen, a repository of over 7.5 million pirated books, with apparent approval from Mark Zuckerberg. Employees allegedl", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Meta 和 OpenAI 被指控使用 LibGen 的盗版书籍来训练 AI 模型", "description_zh": "法庭记录显示，Meta 员工涉嫌讨论盗版书籍来训练 LLaMA 3，理由是许可的成本和速度问题。内部消息表明，Meta 访问了 LibGen，这是一个包含超过 750 万本盗版图书的存储库，显然得到了马克·扎克伯格的批准。员工涉嫌" }, { "date": "2024-08-15", "title": "ChatGPT Allegedly Defamed Norwegian User by Inventing Child Homicide and Imprisonment", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/998/", "description": "In August 2024, ChatGPT is reported to have falsely claimed that Norwegian citizen Arve Hjalmar Holmen had killed his two sons and been sentenced to 21 years in prison. The fabricated response allegedly included specific details about the supposed crime, despite Holmen never being accused or convict", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ChatGPT 涉嫌通过发明儿童谋杀和监禁来诽谤挪威用户", "description_zh": "据报道，2024 年 8 月，ChatGPT 谎称挪威公民 Arve Hjalmar Holmen 杀害了自己的两个儿子，并被判处 21 年监禁。据称，捏造的回应包括有关所谓犯罪的具体细节，尽管霍尔曼从未被指控或定罪" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Attackers Reportedly Deployed Simulated AI Support Chatbot to Trick Instagram Business Users into Adding Malicious 2FA Login", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/999/", "description": "A phishing campaign has reportedly been impersonating Meta support using a fake chatbot interface to hijack Instagram Business accounts. Victims received emails claiming ad violations and were directed to a fraudulent site mimicking Meta's support. There, a simulated chatbot instructed users to add", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，攻击者部署了模拟人工智能支持聊天机器人来欺骗 Instagram 商业用户添加恶意 2FA 登录", "description_zh": "据报道，网络钓鱼活动使用虚假聊天机器人界面冒充 Meta 支持来劫持 Instagram Business 帐户。受害者收到声称广告违规的电子邮件，并被引导至模仿 Meta 支持的欺诈网站。在那里，一个模拟的聊天机器人指示用户添加" }, { "date": "2025-03-23", "title": "Sora Video Generator Has Reportedly Been Creating Biased Human Representations Across Race, Gender, and Disability", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1000/", "description": "A WIRED investigation found that OpenAI’s video generation model, Sora, exhibits representational bias across race, gender, body type, and disability. In tests using 250 prompts, Sora was more likely to depict CEOs and professors as men, flight attendants and childcare workers as women, and showed l", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，Sora 视频生成器在种族、性别和残疾方面创建了带有偏见的人类表征", "description_zh": "《连线》杂志的一项调查发现，OpenAI 的视频生成模型 Sora 在种族、性别、体型和残疾方面表现出代表性偏见。在使用 250 个提示的测试中，Sora 更有可能将首席执行官和教授描述为男性，将空乘人员和儿童保育员描述为女性，并显示出" }, { "date": "2025-03-17", "title": "LLM Scrapers Allegedly Target Multiple Open Source Projects Disrupting the FOSS Ecosystem", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1001/", "description": "In mid-March 2025, KDE's GitLab infrastructure was reportedly disrupted by aggressive AI web scrapers originating from Alibaba IP ranges. These bots allegedly ignored robots.txt and spoofed browser headers, which in turn purportedly overwhelmed the site and caused outages for developers. Similar inc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称 LLM 抓取者针对多个扰乱 FOSS 生态系统的开源项目", "description_zh": "据报道，2025 年 3 月中旬，KDE 的 GitLab 基础设施遭到来自阿里巴巴 IP 范围的攻击性 AI 网络抓取工具的破坏。据称，这些机器人忽略了 robots.txt 并欺骗了浏览器标头，据​​称这反过来又使网站不堪重负，并导致开发人员中断。类似公司" }, { "date": "2025-03-23", "title": "Manipulated Video Using AI-Generated Audio Targets Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif with Fabricated Interview", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1002/", "description": "A viral video falsely claimed to show Layal al-Ekhtiar of Al Arabiya confronting Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif over funding a 30-person Umrah delegation with public money while seeking aid from Saudi Arabia. Investigators concluded the video had been dubbed with AI-generated audio. The or", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用人工智能生成的音频处理的视频针对巴基斯坦总理谢巴兹·谢里夫进行了捏造的采访", "description_zh": "一段广为流传的视频错误地声称，阿拉比亚电视台的拉亚尔·埃赫蒂亚尔 (Layal al-Ekhtiar) 与巴基斯坦总理谢赫巴兹·谢里夫 (Shehbaz Sharif) 就用公共资金资助一个由 30 人组成的副朝代表团同时寻求沙特阿拉伯的援助一事进行了对峙。调查人员得出结论，该视频是用人工智能生成的音频配音的。或" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "title": "Alleged Fraudulent Prompts via AIXBT Dashboard Led Purported AI Trading Agent to Transfer 55.5 ETH from Simulacrum Wallet", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1003/", "description": "A reported hacker attack allegedly compromised the autonomous AI crypto bot AIXBT, purportedly resulting in the theft of 55.5 ETH (approximately $106,200). The attacker is reported to have infiltrated the secure dashboard of the AIXBT autonomous system at 2:00 AM UTC on March 18, 2025, and allegedly", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌通过 AIXBT 仪表板的欺诈提示导致所谓的 AI 交易代理从 Simulacrum 钱包转移 55.5 ETH", "description_zh": "据报道，黑客攻击据称破坏了自主人工智能加密机器人 AIXBT，据称导致 55.5 ETH（约 106,200 美元）被盗。据报道，攻击者于世界标准时间 2025 年 3 月 18 日凌晨 2:00 渗透了 AIXBT 自治系统的安全仪表板，据称" }, { "date": "2024-08-15", "title": "San Francisco City Attorney Sues Operators of AI Deepfake Pornography Websites for Violations of State and Federal Law", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1004/", "description": "In August 2024, the San Francisco City Attorney’s Office filed a first-of-its-kind lawsuit against 16 websites accused of using generative AI to create and distribute nonconsensual pornographic deepfakes, including images of minors. The sites, which had over 200 million visits in six months, invited", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "旧金山市检察官起诉人工智能 Deepfake 色情网站运营商违反州和联邦法律", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月，旧金山市检察官办公室对 16 个网站提起了首例诉讼，这些网站被指控使用生成式人工智能创建和传播未经同意的色情深度伪造内容，其中包括未成年人图像。这些网站在六个月内的访问量超过 2 亿次，邀请" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Misleading Deepfake Video of Trump Mocking Zelenskyy for Clothing Goes Viral on Facebook", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1005/", "description": "In March 2025, an AI-generated deepfake video of Donald Trump criticizing Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy for his clothing circulated widely on Facebook. In the video, Trump mocks Zelenskyy by calling him \"Temu Zelenskyy.\" The video was created by a parody YouTube channel using AI voice and", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "特朗普嘲笑泽伦斯基服装的误导性 Deepfake 视频在 Facebook 上疯传", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月，一段由人工智能生成的唐纳德·特朗普 (Donald Trump) 批评乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽伦斯基 (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) 着装的深度伪造视频在 Facebook 上广泛传播。在视频中，特朗普嘲笑泽连斯基，称他为“特穆·泽连斯基”。该视频是由模仿 YouTube 频道使用 AI 语音和" }, { "date": "2025-02-20", "title": "Edinburg, Texas Police Officer Arrested for Alleged Possession of CSAM, Including AI-Generated Deepfakes of Minors", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1006/", "description": "A Texas Department of Public Safety staff sergeant from Edinburg, Preston Wade Pietrzykowski, was reportedly arrested on a charge of possession or promotion of child pornography. Included among the alleged contents of a hard drive belonging to him was CSAM altered or generated by deepfake technology", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州爱丁堡警官因涉嫌持有 CSAM（包括人工智能生成的未成年人深度伪造品）而被捕", "description_zh": "据报道，来自爱丁堡的得克萨斯州公共安全部中士普雷斯顿·韦德·皮特日科斯基 (Preston Wade Pietrzykowski) 因涉嫌持有或宣传儿童色情制品而被捕。据称，他的硬盘内容中包含由 Deepfake 技术更改或生成的 CSAM" }, { "date": "2025-03-13", "title": "AI-Generated Voice Cloning of Trump Falsely Proposes Renaming the District of Columbia to the District of America", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1007/", "description": "A viral audio clip circulating on TikTok, Facebook, X, and other platforms falsely portrayed Donald Trump saying he would rename Washington, D.C. as the \"District of America.\" The voice was confirmed to be AI-generated by digital forensics experts. It was initially posted by a now-deleted TikTok acc", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能生成的特朗普语音克隆错误地提议将哥伦比亚特区更名为美利坚合众国", "description_zh": "一段在 TikTok、Facebook、X 和其他平台上疯传的音频片段错误地描述了唐纳德·特朗普称他将把华盛顿特区重新命名为“美国特区”。数字取证专家确认该声音是人工智能生成的。它最初是由一个现已删除的 TikTok 帐户发布的" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "AI-Generated Voice Purporting to Be Daughter Allegedly Used to Coerce $2,000 from Colorado Mother", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1008/", "description": "In February 2025, a Colorado woman was scammed by a voice-cloning fraud in which criminals used what sounded like her daughter’s voice to stage a fake kidnapping. Under duress and believing her daughter was in danger, she wired $2,000 to Mexico. The scammers exploited generative AI to simulate the d", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称，人工智能生成的声音冒充女儿，向科罗拉多州母亲勒索 2,000 美元", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月，科罗拉多州一名妇女遭遇声音克隆诈骗，犯罪分子利用听起来像她女儿的声音来策划一场假绑架。在胁迫下，她认为自己的女儿处于危险之中，于是向墨西哥汇了 2,000 美元。诈骗者利用生成式人工智能来模拟d" }, { "date": "2025-02-13", "title": "Purportedly AI-Assisted Report by Tromsø Officials Allegedly Cited Non-Existent Sources in School Closure Proposal", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1009/", "description": "In February 2025, Tromsø Municipality reportedly presented a report proposing the closure of schools and kindergartens. Residents reportedly later discovered the report cited numerous non-existent sources. Officials reportedly admitted using generative AI to help draft the report, leading to fabrica", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据称特罗姆瑟官员的人工智能辅助报告在学校关闭提案中引用了不存在的消息来源", "description_zh": "据报道，2025 年 2 月，特罗姆瑟市政府提交了一份报告，建议关闭学校和幼儿园。据报道，居民后来发现该报告引用了许多不存在的消息来源。据报道，官员们承认使用生成式人工智能来帮助起草报告，导致伪造" }, { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "GenNomis AI Database Reportedly Exposes Nearly 100,000 Deepfake and Nudify Images in Public Breach", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1010/", "description": "In March 2025, cybersecurity researcher Jeremiah Fowler discovered an unprotected database linked to GenNomis by AI-NOMIS, a South Korean company offering face-swapping and \"nudify\" AI services. The exposed 47.8GB dataset included nearly 100,000 files. Many depicted explicit deepfake images, some in", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "据报道，GenNomis AI 数据库公开泄露了近 10 万张 Deepfake 和裸体图像", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月，网络安全研究员 Jeremiah Fowler 发现了一个由 AI-NOMIS 链接到 GenNomis 的不受保护的数据库，AI-NOMIS 是一家韩国公司，提供换脸和“裸体”人工智能服务。公开的 47.8GB 数据集包含近 100,000 个文件。许多描绘了明确的深度伪造图像，其中一些是" }, { "date": "2025-05-04", "title": "Deepfake of Bermuda Premier David Burt Promotes Investment Scam Using Royal Gazette Branding", "url": "https://incidentdatabase.ai/cite/1011/", "description": "The Government of Bermuda warned the public about a deepfake video circulating on Facebook that falsely portrayed Premier David Burt promoting a government investment scheme. The deepfake video reportedly mimicked the branding of The Royal Gazette and was linked to fraudulent social media accounts.", "categories": [ "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "百慕大总理 David Burt 的 Deepfake 利用皇家公报品牌宣传投资骗局", "description_zh": "百慕大政府就 Facebook 上流传的一段深度造假视频向公众发出警告，该视频错误地描绘了总理戴维·伯特 (David Burt) 宣传政府投资计划的情况。据报道，该深度伪造视频模仿了《皇家公报》的品牌，并与欺诈性社交媒体账户相关。" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "Citizen Petition from Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Matz PC", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2015-P-2854/0900006481bc51d2", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Citizen Petition from Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Matz PC (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Matz PC 的公民请愿书", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Matz PC (FDA) 的公民请愿书" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Unmanned Aircraft System Integration atAirports and Necessary Planning, Design, and Physical Infrastructure Needs", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2024-0189/09000064863d7b90", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Unmanned Aircraft System Integration atAirports and Necessary Planning, Design, and Physical Infrastructure Needs (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "机构信息收集活动；提案、提交和批准：机场无人机系统集成以及必要的规划、设计和物理基础设施需求", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：机构信息收集活动；提案、提交和批准：机场无人机系统集成以及必要的规划、设计和物理基础设施需求 (FAA)" }, { "title": "Governor Hochul Delivers Artificial Intelligence Training Tool to the New York State Workforce | Governor Kathy Hochul | New York State", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-delivers-artificial-intelligence-training-tool-new-york-state-workforce", "description": "Governor Hochul announced the expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) education and training to the entire New York State workforce, fulfilling a bold and forward-looking 2025 State of the State pledge that ensures over 100,000 hardworking ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州长 Hochul 向纽约州劳动力提供人工智能培训工具州长凯西·霍赫尔 |纽约州", "description_zh": "州长 Hochul 宣布将人工智能 (AI) 教育和培训扩展到整个纽约州劳动力，履行大胆且具有前瞻性的 2025 年州情承诺，确保超过 100,000 名勤奋的..." }, { "title": "HHS Aligns Health Technology Leadership to Deliver Data Liquidity, Affordability, and an AI-Enabled Health Care System for Americans | HHS.gov", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/hhs-health-tech-leadership-deliver-data-liquidity-affordability-ai-enabled-health-care-system.html", "description": "ONC will continue to operate as a staff division within the HHS Office of the Secretary, and the National Coordinator will continue to report directly to the Secretary. As the use of health technology continues to expand, ONC will work across an even broader set of stakeholders — including OCIO, HHS operating divisions, health care providers, health IT developers, and patients — to advance health technology policies and regulations that enable a safe, secure, and interoperable current and fut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HHS 调整医疗技术领先地位，为美国人提供数据流动性、可负担性和人工智能支持的医疗保健系统 | HHS.gov", "description_zh": "ONC 将继续作为 HHS 部长办公室内的一个参谋部门运作，国家协调员将继续直接向部长报告。随着卫生技术的使用不断扩大，ONC 将与更广泛的利益相关者合作，包括 OCIO、HHS 运营部门、医疗保健提供者、卫生 IT 开发人员和患者，以推进卫生技术政策和法规，从而实现安全、可靠和可互操作的当前和未来……" }, { "title": "S.Hrg. 118-738 — PROTECTING CONSUMERS FROM ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENABLED FRAUD AND SCAMS | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/event/118th-congress/senate-event/336302/text", "description": "\\4\\ Grace Gedye, Consumer Reports backs signing of high-risk AI bill, calls on Colorado General Assembly to strengthen it before it goes into effect, Consumer Reports, (May 18, 2024), https:// advocacy.consumerreports.org/press_release/consumer-reports-backs- signing-of-high-risk-ai-bill-calls-on-colorado-general-assembly-to- strengthen-it-before-it-goes-into-effect/. Gedye currently serves on the Colorado Artificial Intelligence Impact Task Force set up to make recommendations to the Colorad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.Hrg。 118-738 — 保护消费者免受人工智能导致的欺诈和诈骗 |国会.gov |国会图书馆", "description_zh": "\\4\\ Grace Gedye，《消费者报告》支持签署高风险人工智能法案，呼吁科罗拉多州议会在其生效前加强该法案，消费者报告，（2024 年 5 月 18 日），https://advocacy.consumerreports.org/press_release/consumer-reports-backs-signing-of-high-risk-ai-bill-calls-on-colorado-general-assemble-to-在生效之前加强它/。盖迪目前在科罗拉多人工智能影响工作组任职，该工作组的成立是为了向科罗拉多州提出建议……" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Provider liability in SAFE TECH Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3421/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the SAFE TECH Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《安全技术法案》中的提供商责任", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《安全技术法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "31 March 2021", "title": "Data protection regime in Alaska Senate Bill 116 / House Bill 159", "url": "http://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/32?Root=SB116", "description": "The Alaska Senate Bill 116 and House Bill 159 are introduced in the Alaska Legislature. The Bills aim to establish the Consumer Privacy Act, which includes the requirement to notify users of the collection, sale or disclosure of personal information as well as user rights to access and delete their personal information. Moreover, the Act requires the establishment of opt-out options as regards the sale of personal data and opt-in requirements as regards the sale of personal data pertaining to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿拉斯加参议院第 116 号法案/众议院第 159 号法案的数据保护制度", "description_zh": "阿拉斯加州参议院第 116 号法案和众议院第 159 号法案已提交阿拉斯加州立法机构。该法案旨在制定《消费者隐私法》，其中包括要求告知用户收集、出售或披露个人信息的情况，以及用户访问和删除其个人信息的权利。此外，该法案要求建立关于出售个人数据的选择退出选项，以及关于出售与……有关的个人数据的选择加入要求。" }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "Data protection regime in California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 (Proposition 24)", "url": "https://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2020/general/pdf/topl-prop24.pdf", "description": "The California Consumer Privacy Act of 2020 (Proposition 24), amending the 2018 California Consumer Privacy Act, enters into force. The Act requires companies to minimize data collection and data retention to what is reasonably proportionate to achieve the intended purposes and regularly conduct privacy risk assessments and cybersecurity audits. Moreover, the Act introduces the right to correct inaccurate information and to receive a notification when businesses collect or use \"sensitive per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年加州隐私权法案（第 24 号提案）中的数据保护制度", "description_zh": "修订 2018 年加州消费者隐私法的《2020 年加州消费者隐私法》（第 24 号提案）生效。该法案要求公司最大限度地减少数据收集和数据保留，以达到预期目的合理比例，并定期进行隐私风险评估和网络安全审计。此外，该法案还规定了纠正不准确信息的权利，并在企业收集或使用“敏感信息”时收到通知的权利......" }, { "date": "25 September 2020", "title": "California Senate Bill-980 Privacy: genetic testing companies", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SB-980.pdf", "description": "Governor vetoes California Senate Bill-980, which introduces data protection requirements for direct-to-customer genetic testing companies", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州参议院法案 980 隐私：基因检测公司", "description_zh": "州长否决加州参议院第 980 号法案，该法案引入了对直接面向客户的基因检测公司的数据保护要求" }, { "date": "30 September 2020", "title": "Extension of exemptions from California Consumer Privacy Act in California Assembly Bill 1281", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1281", "description": "The Governor signs the California Assembly Bill 1281 (Privacy: California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018), which prolongs the exemptions from the California Consumer Privacy Act until January 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州议会法案 1281 延长《加州消费者隐私法》的豁免范围", "description_zh": "州长签署了加州议会法案 1281（隐私：2018 年加州消费者隐私法案），将加州消费者隐私法案的豁免期限延长至 2022 年 1 月。" }, { "date": "14 September 2020", "title": "California Consumer Privacy Act Regulations", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/privacy/oal-sub-final-text-of-regs.pdf", "description": "On 14 August 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Regulations entered into force. The Regulations provide guidance to businesses on how to inform consumers of their rights under the CCPA, how to handle consumer requests, how to verify the identity of consumers making requests, and how to apply the law as it relates to minors. The regulations provide guidance for consumers to exercise their CCPA rights.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州消费者隐私法规定", "description_zh": "2020 年 8 月 14 日，《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 条例生效。该条例为企业如何告知消费者 CCPA 规定的权利、如何处理消费者请求、如何验证提出请求的消费者身份以及如何适用与未成年人有关的法律提供了指导。该法规为消费者行使其 CCPA 权利提供了指导。" }, { "date": "21 January 2021", "title": "HHS Proposed Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support, and Remove Barriers to, Coordinated Care and Individual Engagement", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs-ocr-hipaa-nprm.pdf", "description": "HHS Proposed Modifications to the HIPAA Privacy Rule To Support, and Remove Barriers to, Coordinated Care and Individual Engagement are halted due to regulatory freeze of new administration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HHS 提议修改 HIPAA 隐私规则，以支持协调护理和个人参与并消除障碍", "description_zh": "由于新政府的监管冻结，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 提议对 HIPAA 隐私规则进行修改，以支持协调护理和个人参与并消除障碍。" }, { "date": "18 February 2021", "title": "Data protection regime in Massachusetts House Docket 2664 (2021-2022, An Act establishing the Massachusetts information privacy act)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/192/HD2664.Html", "description": "House Docket 2664 is introduced in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, aiming to establish the \"Massachusetts information privacy act\". The Bill regulates any business that processes personal data with at least 10 million dollars of annual revenue or that yearly processes the personal information of at least 10'000 individuals. The Bill introduces the rights of data access, correction, portability, and deletion. Moreover, the Bill requires obtaining the consent of consumers before col...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州众议院案卷 2664 中的数据保护制度（2021-2022 年，建立马萨诸塞州信息隐私法的法案）", "description_zh": "马萨诸塞州众议院提出 House Docket 2664，旨在制定“马萨诸塞州信息隐私法案”。该法案对年收入至少 1000 万美元或每年处理至少 10,000 人个人信息的任何处理个人数据的企业进行监管。该法案引入了数据访问、更正、可移植和删除的权利。此外，该法案要求在购买前必须征得消费者的同意..." }, { "date": "17 May 2021", "title": "Minnesota: Consumer Data Privacy Act (HF 1492 - 2021)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1492&ssn=0&y=2021", "description": "As the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (H.F. 1492) was not passed by end of the 92nd legislative session, it is implicitly rejected.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州：消费者数据隐私法 (HF 1492 - 2021)", "description_zh": "由于《明尼苏达州消费者数据隐私法案》(H.F. 1492) 在第 92 届立法会议结束时尚未获得通过，因此被默示拒绝。" }, { "date": "19 January 2021", "title": "Updated data protection regime in New York Data Accountability and Transparency Act", "url": "https://www.budget.ny.gov/pubs/archive/fy22/ex/artvii/ppgg-bill.pdf", "description": "The \"New York Data Accountability and Transparency Act\" is announced by the publication of a draft in the \"New York State Executive Budget\" for Financial Year 2022. The Act applies to businesses that process personal information of at least one hundred thousand consumers or derives over fifty per cent of their revenues from the sale or processing of personal information.\nParticularly, the Act introduces the consumer rights to data access, deletion and rectification and allows the consumers to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约数据责任和透明度法案更新的数据保护制度", "description_zh": "《纽约州数据问责和透明度法案》是通过发布 2022 财年《纽约州行政预算》草案宣布的。该法案适用于处理至少十万消费者个人信息或从销售或处理个人信息中获得超过 50% 收入的企业。\n特别是，该法案引入了消费者访问、删除和纠正数据的权利，并允许消费者……" }, { "date": "18 February 2021", "title": "Data protection measure in North Dakota House Bill No. 1330", "url": "https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba1330.html", "description": "Rejection of bill which would prohibit entities from selling users` protected data without consent and introduce a penalty.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "北达科他州众议院第 1330 号法案的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "拒绝禁止实体未经用户同意出售受保护数据并实施处罚的法案。" }, { "date": "9 August 2020", "title": "Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4534", "description": "The Online Freedom and Viewpoint Diversity Act, aiming to limit liability protections in section 230 of the Communications Act, is introduced to parliament.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在线自由和观点多样性法案", "description_zh": "旨在限制《通信法》第 230 条中的责任保护的《在线自由和观点多样性法案》已提交议会。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Content moderation rules in Platform Accountability and Consumer Transparency (PACT) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/797/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Platform Accountability and Consumer Transparency (PACT) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "平台责任和消费者透明度 (PACT) 法案中的内容审核规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，平台责任和消费者透明度 (PACT) 法案因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2021", "title": "Protecting Americans from Dangerous Algorithms Act (116 Congress)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/8636/text", "description": "On 3 January 2021, the Protecting Americans from Dangerous Algorithms Act is rejected after failing to pass before the 116th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护美国人免受危险算法侵害法案（第 116 届国会）", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 3 日，《保护美国人免受危险算法侵害法案》因未能在第 116 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "4 May 2021", "title": "US Supreme Court clarifies boundaries of `fair use` in Google vs Oracle", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/20pdf/18-956_new_o7jp.pdf", "description": "In a ruling about the copying a portion of code from the Java SE computer program, the Supreme Court of the United States clarified the boundaries of the \"fair use\" doctrine.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国最高法院澄清谷歌与甲骨文“合理使用”的界限", "description_zh": "在关于复制 Java SE 计算机程序部分代码的裁决中，美国最高法院澄清了“合理使用”原则的界限。" }, { "date": "29 September 2020", "title": "Content liability in See Something, Say Something Online Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4758/text", "description": "Introduction of \"See Something, Say Something Online Act\", which would revoke immunity from section 230(c) of the Communications Act in cases of non-compliance.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《在线看某事、说某事》法案中的内容责任", "description_zh": "引入“在线看东西、说东西”法案，如果不遵守该法案，将取消《通信法》第 230(c) 条的豁免权。" }, { "date": "9 March 2020", "title": "DOJ review of section 230 of the Communications Decency Act", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/archives/ag/department-justice-s-review-section-230-communications-decency-act-1996", "description": "Following Executive Order on Online Censorship, the US Justice Department publishes a draft, which aims to reform provider liability immunity in Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act for platfroms purposely soliciting harmful criminal activity.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国司法部对《通信规范法》第 230 条的审查", "description_zh": "继《在线审查行政命令》之后，美国司法部发布了一份草案，旨在改革《通信规范法》第 230 条中针对故意招揽有害犯罪活动的平台的提供商责任豁免权。" }, { "date": "1 December 2021", "title": "NAIIA AI oversight proposal", "url": "https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/white-house-launches-national-artificial-intelligence-initiative-office/", "description": "The National Artificial Intelligence Office is established in accordance with the National AI Initiative Act of 2020.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NAIIA 人工智能监督提案", "description_zh": "根据2020年《国家人工智能倡议法》设立国家人工智能办公室。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-116HPRT42770/pdf/CPRT-116HPRT42770.pdf", "description": "The Copyright Alternative in Small-Claims Enforcement Act of 2020, introducing a dispute resolution mechanism for small claims administered by the US Copyright Office, is implemented within the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, an omnibus spending bill.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小额索赔执行法中的版权替代方案", "description_zh": "《2020 年小额索赔执法替代法案》引入了由美国版权局管理的小额索赔争议解决机制，并在《2021 年综合拨款法案》（一项综合支出法案）内实施。" }, { "date": "23 March 2021", "title": "Utah: Filtering regulation in Device Filter Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2021/bills/static/HB0072.html", "description": "Utah governor signs Bill which requires mobile phones to block access to pornographic content. Event though signed into law, this measure is only implemented if five other states introduce similar legislation.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州：设备过滤器修正案中的过滤规定", "description_zh": "犹他州州长签署法案，要求手机阻止访问色情内容。该措施虽然签署成为法律，但只有在其他五个州出台类似立法的情况下才会实施。" }, { "date": "16 March 2021", "title": "Utah: House Bill 243 creating Personal Privacy Oversight Commission", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2021/bills/static/HB0243.html", "description": "The Utah House Bill 243 (Privacy Protection Amendments) is signed by the Governor, aiming to enhance privacy protection by creating the Personal Privacy Oversight Commission. The Bill specifies which kind of roles should be appointed in the Commission and that the duties of the Commission are to develop guidelines, review government practices and develop recommendations for legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州：众议院第 243 号法案设立个人隐私监督委员会", "description_zh": "犹他州众议院第 243 号法案（隐私保护修正案）由州长签署，旨在通过设立个人隐私监督委员会来加强隐私保护。该法案规定了委员会应任命哪些角色，以及委员会的职责是制定指导方针、审查政府做法并提出立法建议。" }, { "date": "5 May 2021", "title": "Utah: Genetic Information Privacy Act (Senate Bill 227 - 2021)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2021/bills/static/SB0227.html", "description": "Senate Bill 227 is implemented by the governor's signature, protecting privacy regarding genetic data provided by users to a genetic testing company. Among other measures, companies must disclose the purposes for which user data is used and provide the user with a right to delete said data and destroy the samples from which they originate.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州：遗传信息隐私法案（参议院法案 227 - 2021）", "description_zh": "参议院第 227 号法案由州长签署实施，保护用户向基因检测公司提供的基因数据的隐私。除其他措施外，公司必须披露用户数据的使用目的，并为用户提供删除所述数据并销毁其来源样本的权利。" }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Data broker regulation in Nevada Senate Bill 260", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/81st2021/Bill/7805/Text", "description": "On 1 October 2021, the Nevada Senate Bill 260 entered into force. The Bill defines “data brokers” as persons primarily engaged in the business of purchasing covered information about consumers who reside in this State from operators or other data brokers and making sales of such covered information. The Bill prohibits data brokers from selling certain information collected about consumers in Nevada and imposes the requirement to respond to consumer requests.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内华达州参议院第 260 号法案中的数据经纪人监管", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 1 日，内华达州参议院第 260 号法案生效。该法案将“数据经纪人”定义为主要从事从运营商或其他数据经纪人处购买有关居住在本州的消费者的涵盖信息并销售此类涵盖信息的业务的人。该法案禁止数据经纪人出售收集到的有关内华达州消费者的某些信息，并要求回应消费者的请求。" }, { "date": "21 May 2021", "title": "NRC inquiry into role of AI in Nuclear Power Operations", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/NRC-2021-0048-0001", "description": "The Nuclear Regulatory Commission closed its request for public comment on the current usage of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) tools in commercial nuclear power operations.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NRC 对人工智能在核电运营中的作用进行调查", "description_zh": "核管理委员会结束了就目前商业核电运营中人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 工具的使用情况征求公众意见的请求。" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "User speech rights for social media platforms in Florida Senate Bill 7072", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-277_d18f.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the US Supreme Court issued a ruling on Senate Bill 7072, which prohibits social media platforms from blocking politicians. The Supreme Court determined that the lower courts had not adequately assessed the First Amendment implications and directed them to conduct further analysis. Previously, the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit had upheld the blocking of certain provisions in Senate Bill 7072, deeming them unconstitutional. This decision followed a ruling by the Nor...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州参议院法案 7072 中社交媒体平台的用户言论权", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，美国最高法院对参议院第 7072 号法案作出裁决，禁止社交媒体平台屏蔽政客。最高法院认定下级法院没有充分评估第一修正案的影响，并指示他们进行进一步分析。此前，第十一巡回上诉法院维持了对参议院第 7072 号法案中某些条款的阻止，认为这些条款违宪。这一决定是在挪威做出的裁决之后做出的..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Raised privacy standards for platform providers in Senate Bill 1477 (DATA Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1477", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Data and Algorithm Transparency Agreement (DATA) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "参议院第 1477 号法案（数据法案）提高了平台提供商的隐私标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《数据和算法透明度协议 (DATA) 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "19 February 2021", "title": "Data retention limitation in California Assembly Bill 1262", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1262", "description": "California Assembly Bill 1262 is introduced, aiming to limit the retention of voice data by developers of smart speakers. It requires developers to inform users that recordings are not used for advertising, shared with third parties without consent or retained electronically unless the user opts in, otherwise prohibiting the use of the voice recognition feature.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州议会法案 1262 中的数据保留限制", "description_zh": "加州议会第 1262 号法案出台，旨在限制智能音箱开发商保留语音数据。它要求开发者告知用户，录音不得用于广告、未经同意与第三方共享或以电子方式保留，除非用户选择加入，否则禁止使用语音识别功能。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "The Social Media Privacy Protection and Consumer Rights Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1667/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Social Media Privacy Protection and Consumer Rights Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2021 年社交媒体隐私保护和消费者权利法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年社交媒体隐私保护和消费者权利法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "6 October 2021", "title": "Enhanced consumer data protection in New York Privacy Act (2021)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s6701", "description": "On 10 June 2021, the New York Privacy Act ist rejected after failing to pass before the New York legislature adjourned. The Act would have given consumers more control over their personal data, giving them the right to know how data is used, obtain a copy of collected data, correct and delete data. Moreover, the Act required data brokers to register and pay an annual fee to the Attorney General. In addition to the Attorney General's action, consumers would be able to use a private right of ac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约隐私法 (2021) 加强了消费者数据保护", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 10 日，《纽约隐私法》因在纽约立法机关休会前未能通过而被拒绝。该法案将赋予消费者对其个人数据更多的控制权，赋予他们了解数据如何使用、获取所收集数据的副本、更正和删除数据的权利。此外，该法案要求数据经纪人注册并向司法部长缴纳年费。除了总检察长的行动外，消费者还可以使用私人权利......" }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Colorado: House Bill 21-190 including comprehensive privacy protection", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2021a_190_signed.pdf", "description": "The Colorado Privacy Act will go into effect on 1 July 2023, and will apply to organisations that do business with or manufacture products and services for Colorado residents. Additionally, it will apply to companies who control or process the data of 100.000 customers each year, or generate money from the sale of personal data and control or process the data of 25.000 customers per year. Controllers and processors will be subject to certain requirements under the Act, including written contr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州：众议院法案 21-190，包括全面的隐私保护", "description_zh": "《科罗拉多州隐私法》将于 2023 年 7 月 1 日生效，适用于与科罗拉多州居民开展业务或为科罗拉多州居民制造产品和服务的组织。此外，它将适用于每年控制或处理 100,000 名客户数据的公司，或通过出售个人数据获利并每年控制或处理 25,000 名客户数据的公司。控制者和处理者将受到该法案的某些要求的约束，包括书面控制..." }, { "date": "23 June 2021", "title": "Arizona: Data protection amendments in House Bill 2865 (2021)", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/76066?SessionId=123", "description": "The Bill for an Act Amending Title 18, Chapter 5, Arizona Revised Statutes, By Adding Article 5: Relating to Personal Data (House Bill 2865) dies after failing to pass before the end of the 2021 legislative session. The bill sought to amend security standards and consumer rights with regards to data protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州：众议院法案 2865 (2021) 中的数据保护修正案", "description_zh": "《亚利桑那州修订法规》第 18 章第 5 章修正案法案，通过添加第 5 条：与个人数据相关（众议院法案 2865），因未能在 2021 年立法会议结束前通过而失效。该法案寻求修改数据保护方面的安全标准和消费者权利。" }, { "date": "24 June 2021", "title": "Measures to enhance supply chain security for critical software", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/document/white-paper-critical-software-enhancing-security-software-supply-chain", "description": "The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines \"critical software\", as requested in May 2021 via the Executive Order on Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity (EO 14028). Per the Executive Order, the software products classified as \"critical software\" shall become subject to federal agencies' guidance on encryption, authentification and monitoring software operation. The NIST definition classifies software as \"critical\" according to five criteria described in the publication....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加强关键软件供应链安全的措施", "description_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 根据 2021 年 5 月《改善国家网络安全行政命令》(EO 14028) 的要求定义了“关键软件”。根据该行政命令，被归类为“关键软件”的软件产品应接受联邦机构有关加密、身份验证和监控软件操作的指导。 NIST 定义根据出版物中描述的五个标准将软​​件分类为“关键”......" }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Connecticut House Bill 6607", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2021/ACT/PA/PDF/2021PA-00119-R00HB-06607-PA.PDF", "description": "The Act Incentivizing the Adoption of Cybersecurity Standards for Businesses (House Bill 6607) goes into force after a grace period of three months. The bill creates a defense in any action brought under Connecticut law alleging a failure to implement adequate cybersecurity controls that results in a data breach involving personal or restricted information. In detail, Superior Courts shall not assess punitive damages against a covered entity if the entity created, maintained and complied with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康涅狄格州众议院第 6607 号法案的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "《鼓励企业采用网络安全标准法案》（众议院法案 6607）在三个月的宽限期后生效。该法案为根据康涅狄格州法律提起的任何指控未能实施适当的网络安全控制而导致涉及个人或受限信息的数据泄露的诉讼提供了辩护。具体而言，如果受涵盖实体创建、维护并遵守……，高等法院不得评估该实体的惩罚性赔偿。" }, { "date": "4 July 2021", "title": "Pennsylvania: Consumer Data Privacy Bill (HB 1126)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/billInfo.cfm?sYear=2021&sInd=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1126&mobile_choice=suppress", "description": "The Pennsylvania Consumer Data Privacy Bill (HB 1126) is introduced to the House on 7 April 2021, where it was referred to the Committee on Consumer Affairs on the same day. After it is reported back to the House. The Act applies to larger businesses meeting certain thresholds and further provides an accurate definition of protected personal information. Finally, the Act also imposes certain obligations on businesses and sets rights for consumers, all while enforcing the rights and obligation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州：消费者数据隐私法案 (HB 1126)", "description_zh": "《宾夕法尼亚州消费者数据隐私法案》(HB 1126) 于 2021 年 4 月 7 日提交众议院，并于同日提交给消费者事务委员会。报告回议院后。该法案适用于达到一定门槛的大型企业，并进一步提供了受保护的个人信息的准确定义。最后，该法案还规定了企业的某些义务并为消费者设定了权利，同时强制执行权利和义务......" }, { "date": "30 June 2021", "title": "Extension of Online Protection under AADC to Children in the US", "url": "https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/letter_-_age_appropriate_design_code.pdf", "description": "In an open letter, Senator Edward J. Markey and Representatives Kathy Castor and Lori Trahan urge 'Big Tech' to extend privacy protections for minors required under the new United Kingdom’s Age Appropriate Design Code (AADC) also to minors in the US.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AADC 的在线保护范围扩大到美国儿童", "description_zh": "在一封公开信中，参议员爱德华·J·马基 (Edward J. Markey) 以及众议员凯西·卡斯特 (Kathy Castor) 和洛里·特拉汉 (Lori Trahan) 敦促“大型科技公司”将英国新《适龄设计规范》(AADC) 所要求的对未成年人的隐私保护范围扩大到美国的未成年人。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Restriction of user-blocking in PRO-SPEECH Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2031/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the PRO-SPEECH Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PRO-SPEECH 法案中对用户屏蔽的限制", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《支持言论法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "7 September 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Ransomware Risk Management", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/Publications/nistir//draft/documents/NIST.IR.8374-preliminary-draft.pdf", "description": "The consultation period on the preliminary draft of the cybersecurity framework profile for ransomware risk management by the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence ('NCCoE') ended on July 9, 2021. The framework is aiming to help identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks and intends to support companies preventing, responding to, and recovering from ransomware events. The profile is meant as a guide to managing the risk of ransomware events, to increase organizations' readiness to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "勒索软件风险管理的网络安全框架配置文件", "description_zh": "国家网络安全卓越中心 (NCCoE) 关于勒索软件风险管理的网络安全框架简介初稿的咨询期于 2021 年 7 月 9 日结束。该框架旨在帮助识别、评估和管理网络安全风险，并旨在支持企业预防、响应勒索软件事件并从中恢复。该配置文件旨在作为管理勒索软件事件风险的指南，以提高组织的准备程度……" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cyber Incident Notification Act of 2021 introducing mandatory breach disclosure requirements", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2407?s=1&r=58", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cyber Incident Notification Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2021 年网络事件通知法引入强制违规披露要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年网络事件通知法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Meta for consumer privacy breaches", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-dcd-1_23-cv-03562/USCOURTS-dcd-1_23-cv-03562-0", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia denied Meta’s request for a preliminary injunction to pause the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proceedings until the lawsuit regarding FTC's constitutionality is adjudicated. Previously, Meta filed an appeal against the FTC’s stipulated order. Meta argued that the court retains exclusive jurisdiction over the stipulated order and that the FTC exceeded its regulatory authority to modify the order. The FTC had issu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Meta 侵犯消费者隐私的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，美国哥伦比亚特区地方法院驳回了 Meta 提出的暂停联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 诉讼程序直至有关 FTC 合宪性的诉讼裁决之前发出初步禁令的请求。此前，Meta 对 FTC 的规定命令提出上诉。 Meta 辩称，法院对规定的命令保留专属管辖权，联邦贸易委员会修改该命令超出了其监管权限。美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 曾发出..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "DISCOURSE Act including content liability regulation", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2228/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the DISCOURSE Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "DISCOURSE 法案，包括内容责任监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《话语法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "7 December 2021", "title": "Ohio Personal Privacy Act (House Bill 376)", "url": "https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/solarapi/v1/general_assembly_134/bills/hb376/IN/00/hb376_00_IN?format=pdf", "description": "The Ohio House Bill 376 is introduced to the Ohio House of Representatives. The Bill aims to establish an Ohio Personal Privacy Act, which introduces several rights for consumers concerning their personal data (Sec. 1355.03 et seq.). The regulation would apply to (i) businesses with $25 million or more gross revenue in Ohio, (ii) to businesses that control or process data of 100'000 or more consumers, or (iii) to businesses that derive over 50% of their gross revenue from the sale of personal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄亥俄州个人隐私法（众议院法案 376）", "description_zh": "俄亥俄州众议院第 376 号法案被提交给俄亥俄州众议院。该法案旨在制定《俄亥俄州个人隐私法》，该法案引入了消费者有关其个人数据的多项权利（第 1355.03 条及以下）。该法规将适用于 (i) 俄亥俄州总收入 2500 万美元或以上的企业，(ii) 控制或处理 100'000 名或更多消费者数据的企业，或 (iii) 总收入超过 50% 来自销售个人数据的企业……" }, { "date": "4 August 2020", "title": "Transparency requirement in FTC guidance on AI and algorithm use", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2020/04/using-artificial-intelligence-algorithms", "description": "The Federal Trade Commission publishes a guidance entitled \"Using Artificial Intelligence and Algorithms\", which includes the requirement to be transparent and explain decisions to customers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于人工智能和算法使用指南的透明度要求", "description_zh": "联邦贸易委员会发布了一份题为“使用人工智能和算法”的指南，其中包括要求透明并向客户解释决策的要求。" }, { "date": "3 November 2021", "title": "Data breach notification mechanism in Utah House Bill 80 (Cybersecurity Affirmative Defense Act)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2021/bills/static/HB0080.html", "description": "The Utah House Bill 80 (Cybersecurity Affirmative Defense Act) is adopted. It introduces a affirmative defense in case of data breaches for companies that have a written information security program that meets the requirements set out in the law.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州众议院第 80 号法案（网络安全平权防御法案）中的数据泄露通知机制", "description_zh": "犹他州众议院第 80 号法案（网络安全平权防御法案）获得通过。它为拥有符合法律规定要求的书面信息安全计划的公司提供了在数据泄露时的积极抗辩。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Preventing Real Online Threats Endangering Children Today (PROTECT Kids) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1781", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the PROTECT Kids Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "防止当今危害儿童的真实在线威胁（保护儿童）法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《保护儿童法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "23 June 2020", "title": "Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4051/", "description": "The Lawful Access to Encrypted Data Act is introduced, aiming to enhance requirements for providers to decrypt data following court orders regarding national security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "合法访问加密数据法", "description_zh": "引入《合法访问加密数据法》，旨在提高提供商根据有关国家安全的法院命令解密数据的要求。" }, { "date": "1 January 2020", "title": "Data protection regime in Maine Legislative Document 946 (SP 275 An Act To Protect the Privacy of Online Customer Information)", "url": "https://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?paper=SP0275&PID=undefined&snum=129", "description": "Entry into force of Maine Legislative Document 946, which introduces a new data protection regime. The bill prohibits providers of broadband internet access service from using, disclosing, selling or permitting access to customer personal information unless the customer expressly consents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "缅因州立法文件 946 中的数据保护制度（SP 275 保护在线客户信息隐私的法案）", "description_zh": "缅因州第 946 号立法文件生效，引入了新的数据保护制度。该法案禁止宽带互联网接入服务提供商使用、披露、出售或允许访问客户的个人信息，除非客户明确同意。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Data Protection Measures in Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1265", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《第四修正案不可出售法》中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《第四修正案不可出售法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "10 February 2020", "title": "U.S. inquiry into Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B including a section on AI/ML", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/08/03/2020-16722/request-for-information-on-the-equal-credit-opportunity-act-and-regulation-b", "description": "The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection closes a request for information on credit discrimination which includes a section on the use of AI/ML by financial institutions. The main issues regard the satisfaction of adverse action notices by lenders using AI/ML models and the need to facilitate innovation.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国对《平等信用机会法》和《B 条例》的调查，包括有关人工智能/机器学习的部分", "description_zh": "消费者金融保护局结束了关于信用歧视信息的请求，其中包括有关金融机构使用人工智能/机器学习的部分。主要问题涉及使用人工智能/机器学习模型的贷方对不利行动通知的满意度以及促进创新的需要。" }, { "date": "17 February 2021", "title": "Data protection regime in Connecticut Senate Bill 893", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB00893&which_year=2021", "description": "The Connecticut Senate Bill 893 (Act Concerning Consumer Privacy) is introduced, aiming to establish rules for the controlling and processing of data and giving consumers the right to access, correct and delete information as well as opt-out from the sale of data, profiling and targeted advertising. It applies to individuals and entities deriving more than 50% of their gross revenue from selling personal data, which conduct business in Connecticut or target residents and control the personal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "康涅狄格州参议院第 893 号法案中的数据保护制度", "description_zh": "康涅狄格州参议院第 893 号法案（消费者隐私法）出台，旨在制定数据控制和处理规则，赋予消费者访问、更正和删除信息以及选择退出数据销售、分析和定向广告的权利。它适用于总收入超过 50% 来自出售个人数据、在康涅狄格州开展业务或以居民为目标并控制个人数据的个人和实体。" }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Maine: Legislative Document 51 (Maine Insurance Data Security Act)", "url": "http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=HP0017&item=1&snum=130", "description": "The Maine Legislative Document 51 goes into force after a 9 months grace period. The new law establishes standards for data security. It requires the investigation and notification of cybersecurity events and an information security program including safeguards for the protection of nonpublic information. The law follows the NAIC Insurance Data Security Model Law, adopted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in 2017 and used as a template by several US state legislatu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "缅因州：立法文件 51（缅因州保险数据安全法）", "description_zh": "缅因州第 51 号立法文件在 9 个月的宽限期后生效。新法律制定了数据安全标准。它要求对网络安全事件进行调查和通知，并制定信息安全计划，包括保护非公开信息的保障措施。该法律遵循 NAIC 保险数据安全示范法，该法由全国保险专员协会 (NAIC) 于 2017 年通过，并被美国多个州立法机构用作模板。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Amendment of provider immunity in Stop Shielding Culpable Platforms Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2000/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Stop Shielding Culpable Platforms Act (H.R.2000) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《停止屏蔽有罪平台法》中提供商豁免权的修正案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《停止屏蔽有罪平台法案》(H.R.2000) 因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "6 February 2021", "title": "U.S. inquiry into use of AI and ML by financial institutions", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FRS-2021-0111-0001", "description": "The federal agencies close a request for information on financial institutions` use of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML). The goal is to understand respondents` views on the use of AI, including governance, risk management, control mechanisms and consumer protection", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国对金融机构使用人工智能和机器学习的调查", "description_zh": "联邦机构终止了对金融机构使用人工智能（AI）（包括机器学习（ML））的信息请求。目标是了解受访者对人工智能使用的看法，包括治理、风险管理、控制机制和消费者保护" }, { "date": "24 March 2021", "title": "Insurance data security oversight mechanism in North Dakota Senate Bill 2075", "url": "https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba2075.html", "description": "The North Dakota Senate Bill 2075 is signed by the Governor, establishing the North Dakota Insurance Commissioner as enforcement authority for violations by licensees.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北达科他州参议院法案 2075 中的保险数据安全监督机制", "description_zh": "北达科他州参议院法案 2075 由州长签署，设立北达科他州保险专员作为持牌人违规行为的执法机构。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Provider immunity amendment in Curbing Abuse and Saving Expression in Technology (CASE-IT) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/285/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Curbing Abuse and Saving Expression in Technology (CASE-IT) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《遏制滥用和节约技术表达》(CASE-IT) 法案中的提供商豁免修正案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《遏制滥用和拯救技术表达》(CASE-IT) 法案因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "15 June 2021", "title": "Protection of health data in Oregon House Bill 3284", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2021R1/Measures/Overview/HB3284", "description": "The Oregon House Bill 3284 is signed by the governor and thus implemented. The new law includes several measures to protect from personal health data collection, use, or disclosure without consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄勒冈州众议院法案 3284 中的健康数据保护", "description_zh": "俄勒冈州众议院第 3284 号法案由州长签署并实施。新法律包括多项措施，以防止未经同意而收集、使用或披露个人健康数据。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Abandoning Online Censorship (AOC) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/874/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Abandoning Online Censorship (AOC) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "放弃在线审查 (AOC) 法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《放弃在线审查 (AOC) 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 January 2020", "title": "Oregon Senate Bill 684 relating to actions with respect to a breach of security that involves personal information", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2019R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB684/Enrolled", "description": "Entry into force of Oregon Senate Bill 684, which introduces requirements for covered entities that own, license, maintain, store, manage, collect, process, acquire or otherwise possess personal information, and for vendors that provide services to covered entities, to notify consumers of breach of security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄勒冈州参议院第 684 号法案，涉及涉及个人信息的安全违规行为", "description_zh": "俄勒冈州参议院第 684 号法案生效，该法案规定了拥有、许可、维护、存储、管理、收集、处理、获取或以其他方式拥有个人信息的受涵盖实体以及向受涵盖实体提供服务的供应商通知消费者安全漏洞的要求。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Health Misinformation Act of 2021 containing liability regulation", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2448", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Health Misinformation Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2021 年《健康错误信息法》包含责任规定", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年健康虚假信息法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "8 October 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in INVEST in America Act (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act)", "url": "https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/e/a/ea1eb2e4-56bd-45f1-a260-9d6ee951bc96/F8A7C77D69BE09151F210EB4DFE872CD.edw21a09.pdf", "description": "The INVEST in America Act H.R. 3684 was passed by the US Senate and because of amendments sent back to the House of Representatives.\nAmong many measures in various sectors the act includes the following cybersecurity measures:\nIn section 11510 the establishment of a cybersecurity tool to assist transportation authorities with cyber incidents and the creation of a cyber coordinator by the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration.\nIn section 25022 the assessment and implementation of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国投资法案（基础设施投资和就业法案）中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "《美国投资法案 H.R. 3684》已由美国参议院通过，并将修正案送回众议院。\n该法案在各个领域采取了许多措施，其中包括以下网络安全措施：\n第 11510 条建立了一个网络安全工具，以协助运输当局处理网络事件，并由联邦公路管理局局长设立了一个网络协调员。\n在第 25022 节中，评估和实施..." }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "US Department of Justice and state AG antitrust lawsuit against Google for monopoly in the search advertising market (United States v Google)", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-wins-significant-remedies-against-google", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia issued a memorandum opinion in the consolidated cases United States of America v Google and State of Colorado v Google. The court accepted Google’s proposed remedies with modifications, adopted parts of the plaintiffs’ remedies, and directed the parties to submit a revised final judgment by 10 September 2025. The judgment must reconcile Section III of Google’s proposal with the portions of the plaintiffs’ propo...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国司法部和州总检察长对谷歌提起反垄断诉讼，指控谷歌垄断搜索广告市场（美国诉谷歌）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 2 日，美国哥伦比亚特区地方法院就美利坚合众国诉谷歌和科罗拉多州诉谷歌合并案件发布了备忘录意见。法院接受了谷歌提出的经过修改的补救措施，采纳了原告的部分补救措施，并指示双方在 2025 年 9 月 10 日之前提交修订后的最终判决。该判决必须将谷歌提案的第三部分与原告提案的部分内容相一致。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Social Media Disclosure and Transparency of Advertisements (DATA) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3451/text?r=35&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Social Media DATA Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体披露和广告透明度 (DATA) 法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《社交媒体数据法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "27 September 2021", "title": "Data governance measure in feedback on cryptocurrency and blockchain reform", "url": "https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/minority/toomey-requests-feedback-on-clarifying-laws-around-cryptocurrency-and-blockchain-technologies", "description": "A consultation on clarifying laws around cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies has been closed on 27 September 2021 by the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. The consultation announced by U.S. Senate Banking Committee Ranking Member Pat Toomey aims to collect ideas and legislative proposals in connection with cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies. It is intended to ensure the federal law is supporting new technological developments, but also pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加密货币和区块链改革反馈中的数据治理措施", "description_zh": "美国参议院银行、住房和城市事务委员会已于 2021 年 9 月 27 日结束了关于澄清加密货币和区块链技术法律的磋商。美国参议院银行委员会高级成员 Pat Toomey 宣布的磋商旨在收集与加密货币和区块链技术相关的想法和立法提案。其目的是确保联邦法律支持新技术的发展，同时也..." }, { "date": "8 January 2021", "title": "Minnesota: Insurance data security law", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=HF6&type=bill&version=1&session=ls92&session_year=2021&session_number=1", "description": "The NAIC Data Security Model Act was implemented on 1 August 2021, introducing new data protection rules for insurance companies (Minnesota HF 6, Article 3, Sections 5 to 13). The Model Act is a law proposed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and has already been enacted by 18 states of the US. The new law aims to serve as a guideline for insurance companies on how to prepare for and react to a potential data breach. It applies to insurers, insurance agents, and oth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州：保险数据安全法", "description_zh": "《NAIC 数据安全模型法案》于 2021 年 8 月 1 日实施，为保险公司引入了新的数据保护规则（明尼苏达州 HF 6，第 3 条，第 5 至 13 节）。 《示范法案》是由全国保险专员协会 (NAIC) 提出的法律，并已由美国 18 个州颁布。新法律旨在为保险公司如何准备和应对潜在的数据泄露提供指导。它适用于保险公司、保险代理人和其他..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Platform liability for civil rights violations in targeted advertising in Civil Rights Modernization Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3184/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Civil Rights Modernization Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《民权现代化法案》中定向广告中侵犯公民权利的平台责任", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年民权现代化法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "California: Expansion of definition of genetic data in Assembly Bill No. 825", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB825", "description": "The bill on personal information (AB 825) is implemented on 1 January 2022. The bill expands the definition of personal information to include genetic data and outlines the elements and characteristics that have to be met for any data to be classified as genetic data. The law amends Sections 1798.29, 1798.81.5 and 1798.82 of the Civil Code to expand the data protections to genetic data. It requires businesses and government agencies that own or have licensed data to notify and disclose breac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：第 825 号议会法案扩大了遗传数据的定义", "description_zh": "个人信息法案 (AB 825) 于 2022 年 1 月 1 日实施。该法案扩大了个人信息的定义，将遗传数据包括在内，并概述了任何数据必须满足的元素和特征才能被归类为遗传数据。 该法律修订了《民法典》第 1798.29、1798.81.5 和 1798.82 条，将数据保护范围扩大到遗传数据。它要求拥有或已获得许可数据的企业和政府机构通知并披露违规行为..." }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "House Bill 20 tackling social media censorship", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-277_d18f.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the US Supreme Court issued a ruling on Texas HB 20 restricting social media content moderation and user blocking. The Supreme Court determined that the lower courts had not adequately assessed the First Amendment implications and directed them to conduct further analysis. Previously, the United States Fifth Circuit of Appeals Court ruled in favour of the state and upheld Texas HB 20. The court stated that Texas HB 20 does not violate the First Amendment and confirmed the clas...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "众议院第 20 号法案应对社交媒体审查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，美国最高法院对德克萨斯州 HB 20 作出裁决，限制社交媒体内容审核和用户屏蔽。最高法院认定下级法院没有充分评估第一修正案的影响，并指示他们进行进一步分析。此前，美国第五巡回上诉法院做出了对该州有利的裁决，维持德克萨斯州 HB 20 的原判。法院表示，德克萨斯州 HB 20 并不违反第一修正案，并确认了该州的判决。" }, { "date": "15 September 2021", "title": "FTC statement on data breaches by health apps and other connected devices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/1596364/statement_of_the_commission_on_breaches_by_health_apps_and_other_connected_devices.pdf", "description": "On 15 September 2021 the Federal Trade Commission ('FTC') adopted a statement on breaches by health apps and other connected devices. The statement is intended to offer guidance on the scope of the Health Breach Notification Rule, 16 C.F.R. Part 318, which requires vendors of personal health records to notify U.S. consumers and the FTC, and, in some cases, the media, about a breach of unsecured identifiable health information. The Commission points out that the developers of aealth apps or co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于健康应用程序和其他联网设备数据泄露的声明", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 15 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 通过了一份关于健康应用程序和其他联网设备违规行为的声明。该声明旨在就《健康违规通知规则》(16 C.F.R.) 的范围提供指导。第 318 部分要求个人健康记录供应商向美国消费者和联邦贸易委员会（FTC）以及在某些情况下向媒体通报不安全的可识别健康信息的泄露情况。委员会指出，aealth 应用程序或合作伙伴的开发者..." }, { "date": "10 April 2021", "title": "New York City: Bill requiring data-sharing by food delivery service providers", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/nyc-will-not-enforce-restaurant-customer-data-sharing-law-while-doordash-sues-2021-10-05/", "description": "New York City has announced that it will not enforce its law requiring food delivery service providers to share customer data with food service providers while the lawsuit filed by DoorDash is ongoing. DoorDash in turn withdrew its request for an injunction.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约市：要求食品配送服务提供商共享数据的法案", "description_zh": "纽约市宣布，在 DoorDash 提起的诉讼仍在进行期间，不会执行要求食品配送服务提供商与食品服务提供商共享客户数据的法律。 DoorDash 随后撤回了禁令请求。" }, { "date": "9 February 2021", "title": "United States: CISA guidance on cybersecurity and outsourcing IT services", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/cisa-insights_risk-considerations-for-msp-customers_508.pdf", "description": "The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency (CISA), an agency under the oversight of the Department of Homeland Security, has published its guidance on outsourcing guidance to Managed Service Providers (MSPs). The guidance sketches out considerations for strategic, operational and tactical decision-making for both governmental and private organizations who are MSP clients.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国：CISA 关于网络安全和外包 IT 服务的指南", "description_zh": "美国国土安全部监督下的网络安全和基础设施局 (CISA) 发布了有关托管服务提供商 (MSP) 外包的指南。该指南概述了作为 MSP 客户的政府和私人组织的战略、运营和战术决策的考虑因素。" }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Illinois: Protecting Household Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=102-0597", "description": "HB2553 'Protecting Household Privacy' is implemented following the grace period. The bill holds that law enforcement may not obtain household electronic data (excluding personal computing devices and gateway devices like routers and modems) directly or from a third party unless it has obtained a warrant, the permission of the device's possessor, or there is an emergency. Further, law enforcement may not retain obtained data if there are no links to criminal charges, criminal activity, or an o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州：保护家庭隐私法", "description_zh": "HB2553“保护家庭隐私”在宽限期后实施。该法案规定，执法部门不得直接或从第三方获取家庭电子数据（不包括个人计算设备和网关设备，如路由器和调制解调器），除非获得搜查令、设备所有者的许可或出现紧急情况。此外，如果没有与刑事指控、犯罪活动或其他事件的链接，执法部门可能不会保留所获得的数据。" }, { "date": "28 July 2022", "title": "Illinois: TikTok Privacy Settlement", "url": "https://www.ilnd.uscourts.gov/mdl-details.aspx?i3mxb9gEBxL2sL90OMEQ2A==", "description": "On 28 July 2022, the TikTok Privacy Settlement to resolve multidistrict litigation over the company’s alleged misuse of its users’ private data was granted final approval by the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The lawsuit is based on the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) and the federal Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA). In addition to the monetary relief of USD 92 million, the settlement also provides for injunctive relief. The company commits to set l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州：TikTok 隐私和解", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 28 日，伊利诺伊州北区地方法院最终批准了 TikTok 隐私和解协议，以解决有关该公司涉嫌滥用用户私人数据的多区诉讼。该诉讼基于伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法（BIPA）和联邦视频隐私保护法（VPPA）。除了 9200 万美元的金钱救济外，和解还规定了禁令救济。公司致力于设置..." }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Connecticut: Cybersecurity requirement in Public Act No. 21-59", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2021/sum/pdf/2021SUM00059-R01HB-05310-SUM.pdf", "description": "The Connecticut Public Act 21-59 is implemented, broadening the reporting requirements for companies that experience a data breach of users' personal data. The law adds categories of data to the definition of “personal information” and shortens the amount of time a company has to notify the users about the breach to sixty days.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康涅狄格州：第 21-59 号公共法案中的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "康涅狄格州公共法案 21-59 已实施，扩大了对遭受用户个人数据泄露的公司的报告要求。该法律在“个人信息”的定义中添加了数据类别，并将公司通知用户有关违规行为的时间缩短至六十天。" }, { "date": "30 September 2021", "title": "Wisconsin: Anti-censorship measure in Wisconsin House Bill 591", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2021/proposals/reg/asm/bill/ab591", "description": "House Bill 591 is introduced to the Wisconsin General Assembly. The bill would create a civil cause of action against a social media site that has more than 150 million users and restricts religious or political speech through deletion, censorship or disfavourment, also through automated algorithms. The bill also permits the action against sites that fail to notify users that their content has been deleted or disfavored, or that they have been \"deplatformed\". The bill defines “deplatforming” ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威斯康星州：威斯康星州众议院第 591 号法案中的反审查措施", "description_zh": "众议院第 591 号法案被提交给威斯康星州议会。该法案将对拥有超过 1.5 亿用户的社交媒体网站提出民事诉讼，并通过删除、审查或不受欢迎以及自动算法来限制宗教或政治言论。该法案还允许对未能通知用户其内容已被删除或不受欢迎或已被“去平台化”的网站采取行动。该法案定义了“去平台化”……" }, { "date": "21 September 2021", "title": "CISA and OFAC Ransomware Guidance", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/126/ofac_ransomware_advisory.pdf", "description": "The \"Updated Advisory on Potential Sanctions Risks for Facilitating Ransomware Payments\" is published by the Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and updates the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s 2020 guide to companies on defending against ransomware attacks. Particularly, the Advisory highlights the risks companies face associated with making ransomware payments, especially when they are directed to sanctioned countries. Moreover, the Advisory provi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 和 OFAC 勒索软件指南", "description_zh": "美国财政部外国资产控制办公室发布了《关于促进勒索软件支付的潜在制裁风险的更新公告》，并更新了网络安全和基础设施安全局 2020 年公司防御勒索软件攻击指南。该咨询特别强调了公司在支付勒索软件时面临的风险，特别是当勒索软件直接支付给受制裁国家时。此外，咨询提供..." }, { "date": "27 September 2021", "title": "Data protection decision in class-action lawsuit Saleh vs Nike-FullStop", "url": "https://www.bloomberglaw.com/public/desktop/document/BurhaanSalehvNikeIncetalDocketNo220cv09581CDCalOct192020CourtDock/2?1633353679", "description": "The class-action of Burhaan Saleh vs Nike-FullStory is ruled by the District Court for the Central District of California, establishing that Nike and the third-party partner FullStory's alleged collection of users’ mouse clicks, keystrokes, and user location does not constitute a serious invasion of a protected privacy interest.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Saleh 诉 Nike-FullStop 集体诉讼中的数据保护决定", "description_zh": "Burhaan Saleh 诉 Nike-FullStory 的集体诉讼由加利福尼亚州中区地方法院裁决，认定 Nike 和第三方合作伙伴 FullStory 涉嫌收集用户鼠标点击、击键和用户位置的行为并不构成对受保护隐私利益的严重侵犯。" }, { "date": "27 September 2021", "title": "Pennsylvania: Data governance requirement in House Bill 1908", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/BillInfo.cfm?syear=2021&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1908", "description": "The House Bill 1908 is introduced in the Pennsylvania General Assembly, establishing requirements for transparency and disclosure of information collected by smart technology devices. According to the Bill, a smart technology device manufacturer has to provide a variety of information about the extent to which data is collected, the purpose of the collection, the types of collected data and the types of data shared with third parties. The Bill adds obligations concerning the users' consent. F...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州：1908 年众议院法案中的数据治理要求", "description_zh": "1908 年众议院法案在宾夕法尼亚州议会提出，规定了智能技术设备收集的信息的透明度和披露要求。根据该法案，智能技术设备制造商必须提供有关数据收集程度、收集目的、收集数据类型以及与第三方共享数据类型的各种信息。该法案增加了有关用户同意的义务。弗..." }, { "date": "19 August 2021", "title": "Data protection investigation in T-Mobile Data Breach", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/hackers-steal-some-personal-data-about-78-mln-t-mobile-customers-2021-08-18/", "description": "An inquiry on T-Mobile behaviour is announced by the Federal Communications Commission, aiming to investigate a data breach that the company says affected about 7.8 million current users.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "T-Mobile 数据泄露事件中的数据保护调查", "description_zh": "美国联邦通信委员会宣布对 T-Mobile 行为进行调查，旨在调查该公司称影响约 780 万当前用户的数据泄露事件。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Ransomware reporting requirement in Sanction and Stop Ransomware Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2666/text?r=52&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Sanction and Stop Ransomware Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《制裁和停止勒索软件法》中的勒索软件报告要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年制裁和阻止勒索软件法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Content-related regulation in KIDS Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2918/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the KIDS Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《儿童法案》中与内容相关的监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《儿童法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "10 June 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in US Civil Cyber-Fraud Initiative", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/deputy-attorney-general-lisa-o-monaco-announces-new-civil-cyber-fraud-initiative", "description": "The Civil Cyber-Fraud Initiative is announced by the US Department of Justice. The initiative aims to use civil enforcement tools to pursue companies that fail to follow required cybersecurity standards. The initiative will utilize the False Claims Act to pursue cybersecurity-related fraud by government contractors and grant recipients and includes a whistleblower provision, which allows private parties to assist the government in identifying and pursuing fraudulent conduct.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国民事网络欺诈倡议中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "美国司法部宣布了民事网络欺诈倡议。该计划旨在利用民事执法工具追查未能遵守所需网络安全标准的公司。该计划将利用《虚假申报法》追查政府承包商和赠款接受者与网络安全相关的欺诈行为，并包括举报人条款，允许私人团体协助政府识别和追究欺诈行为。" }, { "date": "10 June 2021", "title": "US Transportation Security Administration (TSA) directive on railroad and aviation industries", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2021/10/06/secretary-mayorkas-delivers-remarks-12th-annual-billington-cybersecurity-summit", "description": "The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) cybersecurity directive on railroad and aviation industries is announced by the Homeland Security Secretary. The directive is scheduled to be released this year and aims to strengthen the cybersecurity of railroads, aircraft and airport operators. It requires the designate a cybersecurity point person, the report of incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\n(CISA) and the draft of a contingency and recovery plan in the c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国运输安全管理局 (TSA) 关于铁路和航空业的指令", "description_zh": "运输安全管理局 (TSA) 关于铁路和航空业的网络安全指令由国土安全部长宣布。该指令计划于今年发布，旨在加强铁路、飞机和机场运营商的网络安全。它要求指定一名网络安全负责人，向网络安全和基础设施安全局报告事件\n(CISA) 以及应急和恢复计划草案..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Renew Effective Protection of Americans’ Information Rights Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5433/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the REPAIR Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "更新有效保护美国人信息权利法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《修复法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Content liability for harmful content included in Justice Against Malicious Algorithms Act (H.R.5596)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5596", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Justice Against Malicious Algorithms Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《反恶意算法正义法》(H.R.5596) 中包含的有害内容的内容责任", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年反恶意算法正义法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "14 March 2022", "title": "Florida: Social Media Platforms Act (HB 299)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2022/299/BillText/Filed/PDF", "description": "On 14 March 2022, the Social Media Platforms Act was rejected in the Florida Senate Regulatory Reform Subcommittee. \nThe Act introduced an obligation for social media platforms to publish their acceptable use policy that informs users about the types of content allowed on the social media platform. Furthermore, such policies had to describe the steps the platform will take to enforce the policy and illustrate the complaint process for violations of both the use policy and the law. The social ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州：社交媒体平台法 (HB 299)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 14 日，佛罗里达州参议院监管改革小组委员会否决了《社交媒体平台法案》。 \n该法案规定社交媒体平台有义务发布其可接受的使用政策，告知用户社交媒体平台上允许的内容类型。此外，此类政策必须描述平台将采取的执行该政策的步骤，并说明违反使用政策和法律的投诉流程。社会..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Bill to repeal section 230 of the 1934 Communications Act containing measures on content liability", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2972/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the \"bill to repeal section 230 of the 1934 Communications Act\" was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "废除 1934 年《通信法》第 230 条的法案，其中包含有关内容责任的措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，“废除 1934 年通信法第 230 条的法案”因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被拒绝。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Algorithm design requirements in Healthy Technology Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5467/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Healthy Technology Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "健康技术法案中的算法设计要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年健康技术法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "California: Assembly Bill No. 694 on Privacy and Consumer Protection", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB694", "description": "Assembly Bill No. 694 (AB 694) is implemented on 1 January 2022. AB 694 amends the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and provides new definitions and amendments to the California Civil Code. The act also clarifies the timeline for the California Privacy Protection Agency’s (CPPA) rulemaking authority. The agency will either begin its activities on 1 July 2021, or 6 months after informing the Attorney General, whichever comes earlier. In addition, the bill introduces new definitions to th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：关于隐私和消费者保护的第 694 号议会法案", "description_zh": "第 694 号议会法案 (AB 694) 于 2022 年 1 月 1 日实施。AB 694 修订了《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA)，并对《加州民法典》提供了新的定义和修正案。该法案还明确了加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 规则制定权的时间表。该机构将于 2021 年 7 月 1 日或通知司法部长后 6 个月开始开展活动，以较早者为准。此外，该法案还引入了新的定义..." }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organisations", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cprt/catalog#/cprt/framework/version/SP_800_53_5_2_0/home", "description": "On 27 August 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued a patch release of its Security and Privacy Controls for Information Systems and Organisations (SP 800-53 5.2.0). The Controls group together a catalogue of tools for organisations to manage their cybersecurity risk. The latest modifications respond to Executive Orders 14306, 13694, and 14144. The updated controls emphasise the importance of monitoring the particular component being updated as well as the comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家标准与技术研究所信息系统和组织的安全和隐私控制", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 27 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 发布了其信息系统和组织安全和隐私控制的补丁版本 (SP 800-53 5.2.0)。控制措施将一系列工具组合在一起，供组织管理其网络安全风险。最新的修改响应了第 14306、13694 和 14144 号行政命令。更新的控件强调了监视正在更新的特定组件以及组件的重要性。" }, { "date": "15 January 2022", "title": "Request for information on the usage of biometric technology in public and private sector", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/10/08/2021-21975/notice-of-request-for-information-rfi-on-public-and-private-sector-uses-of-biometric-technologies?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=47d48c1101-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2021_10_13_08_59&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-47d48c1101-190856656", "description": "On 15 January 2022, the submission period that was part of the request for information issued by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) on 8 October 2021, closed. On 8 October 2021, the OSTP had issued a Request for Information (RFI) on the public and private sector uses of biometric technologies. The request is made to interested parties and seeks to understand the use of biometric technology to verify identities, identify individuals and infer certain attributes of i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "索取有关公共和私营部门使用生物识别技术的信息", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 15 日，白宫科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 于 2021 年 10 月 8 日发布的信息请求的一部分提交期结束。 2021 年 10 月 8 日，OSTP 发布了有关公共和私营部门使用生物识别技术的信息请求 (RFI)。该请求是向感兴趣的各方提出的，旨在了解生物识别技术的使用来验证身份、识别个人并推断我的某些属性。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cyber incident reporting requirement in Cyber Incident Reporting Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2875", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络事件报告法中的网络事件报告要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年关键基础设施网络事件报告法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "19 January 2022", "title": "Export ban measures in US Information Security Controls of Cybersecurity Items", "url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2021-22774.pdf", "description": "On 19 January 2021, the interim final rules regarding the Information Security Controls of Cybersecurity Items is implemented, after being published by the U.S. Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) published on 21 October 2021. The interim final rule was effective immediately but went through a public consultation that allowed the public to make some alterations to the rule if warranted. In particular, the order outlines the revised Commerce Control List implementati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国信息安全出口禁令措施 网络安全物品管控", "description_zh": "美国商务部工业与安全局 (BIS) 于 2021 年 10 月 21 日发布了关于网络安全项目信息安全控制的暂行最终规则，该规则于 2021 年 10 月 21 日发布，并于 2021 年 1 月 19 日开始实施。该暂行最终规则立即生效，但经过了公众咨询，允许公众在必要时对该规则进行一些修改。该命令特别概述了修订后的商业管制清单的实施..." }, { "date": "21 October 2021", "title": "FTC study into internet service providers' collection of personal data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2021/10/ftc-staff-report-finds-many-internet-service-providers-collect", "description": "On 21 October 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) released A report on internet service providers' (ISPs) collection of personal data. The report investigated six ISPs (AT&T, Verizon, Charter Communications Operating, Xfinity, T-Mobile and Google Fiber), finding that many of them have access to all of their users' internet traffic and real-time location data. Furthermore, many ISPs group consumers according to sensitive characteristics such as race and sexual orientation. Moreover, the r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对互联网服务提供商收集个人数据的研究", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 21 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了一份关于互联网服务提供商 (ISP) 收集个人数据的报告。该报告调查了六家 ISP（AT&T、Verizon、Charter Communications Operating、Xfinity、T-Mobile 和 Google Fiber），发现其中许多可以访问其所有用户的互联网流量和实时位置数据。此外，许多互联网服务提供商根据种族和性取向等敏感特征对消费者进行分组。此外，该..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "US Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5440/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国 2021 年关键基础设施网络事件报告法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年关键基础设施网络事件报告法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Protect Speech Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3827/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Protect Speech Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护言论法", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《言论保护法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "6 September 2023", "title": "Amendment to FTC Standards for Safeguarding Customer Information Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Final-Effective-Date-Notice.pdf", "description": "On 9 June 2023, the Standards for Safeguarding Customer Information Rule section 16 CFR 314.4 is implemented. The Rule requires financial institutions non-banking financial institutions to develop a comprehensive preventive and detective security system and appoint a responsible employee to implement the required security measures. Furthermore, financial institutions are required to submit regular reports, encrypt information, create a data clearance hierarchy within the institution, and cond...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 保护客户信息规则标准修正案", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 9 日，《保护客户信息标准规则》第 16 CFR 314.4 条开始实施。 《规定》要求金融机构、非银行金融机构建立完善的预防性、侦查性安全体系，并指定专人负责落实规定的安全措施。此外，金融机构必须提交定期报告、加密信息、在机构内创建数据清理层次结构，并..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Prevent Recording of Individuals with Video and Audio Technologies when not Enabled Act with Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5696/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Prevent Recording of Individuals with Video and Audio Technologies when not Enabled Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在未启用时防止使用视频和音频技术记录个人 遵守数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《防止在未启用时使用视频和音频技术记录个人法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Anti-Censorship in Preserving Political Speech Online Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2338/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Preserving Political Speech Online Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护在线政治言论的反审查法", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《保护在线政治言论法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Don't Push My Buttons Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2335/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Don't Push My Buttons Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "别按我的按钮法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《别按我的按钮法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "11 January 2021", "title": "Virginia Joint Commission on Technology and Science Consumer report on Data Protection Act", "url": "http://dls.virginia.gov/commission/Materials/2021%20CDP%20Work%20Group%20Final%20Report.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Work Group of the Joint Commission on Technology and Science (JCOTS) published its final report containing findings regarding the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (VCDPA) before it is implemented in January 2023. Such a report is required by the VCDPA as the workgroup was created to optimize the VCDPA. The VCDPA passed on 2 March 2021. The final report outlines 17 points of emphasis that were identified during the Work Group meetings. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚技术与科学联合委员会消费者数据保护法报告", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 1 日，技术与科学联合委员会 (JCOTS) 的弗吉尼亚消费者数据保护工作组发布了最终报告，其中包含有关 2023 年 1 月实施之前的《弗吉尼亚消费者保护法》(VCDPA) 的调查结果。VCDPA 要求提供此类报告，因为该工作组的成立是为了优化 VCDPA。 VCDPA 于 2021 年 3 月 2 日通过。最终报告概述了工作组会议期间确定的 17 个重点。 ..." }, { "date": "11 January 2021", "title": "Content filtering measures in US PROMISE Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5803/text", "description": "The PROMISE Act is introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act requires that interactive computer services implement information moderation policies that are publicly available, easily accessible and not deceptible. The Act shall be enforced by the Federal Trade Commission.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国PROMISE法案中的内容过滤措施", "description_zh": "美国众议院提出了《承诺法案》。该法案要求交互式计算机服务实施公开、易于访问且不可欺骗的信息审核政策。该法由联邦贸易委员会执行。" }, { "date": "11 August 2021", "title": "New Jersey Act requiring cybersecurity plans for financial services and health care firms", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2020/Bills/S4500/4035_I1.HTM", "description": "The Act requiring certain businesses to develop cybersecurity plans and supplementing P.L.1960, c.39 is introduced in New Jersey Senate. The Act requires businesses in financial essential infrastructure and health care industries to develop and implement cybersecurity programs based on regulations adopted by the New Jersey Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Cell (NJCCIC). In particular, the businesses shall comply with industry-recognized cybersecurity frameworks and submit their pl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州法案要求金融服务和医疗保健公司制定网络安全计划", "description_zh": "新泽西州参议院提出了要求某些企业制定网络安全计划并补充 P.L.1960, c.39 的法案。该法案要求金融基础设施和医疗保健行业的企业根据新泽西州网络安全和通信集成小组 (NJCCIC) 通过的法规制定和实施网络安全计划。特别是，企业应遵守行业认可的网络安全框架并提交其计划..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cyber security measures in US Communications Security, Reliability, and Interoperability Council Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4067/all-info", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Communications Security, Reliability, and Interoperability Council Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国通信安全、可靠性和互操作性委员会法案中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《通信安全、可靠性和互操作性委员会法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "5 July 2022", "title": "New York: Bill on Notification of Electronic Monitoring", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s2628", "description": "On 5 May 2022, Senate Bill S2628 is put into force. The Bill obliges employers to inform all employees about the way they are electronically monitored. This notification must be done before they are hired and after that once every year. The Bill concerns any action of monitoring telephone conversations, emails and internet usage through computers, telephones, wires, etc.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约：电子监控通知法案", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 5 日，参议院 S2628 号法案生效。该法案要求雇主告知所有雇员他们受到电子监控的方式。该通知必须在受聘前以及聘用后每年进行一次。该法案涉及通过计算机、电话、电线等监控电话交谈、电子邮件和互联网使用的任何行为。" }, { "date": "14 June 2021", "title": "SEC issues penalties against First American Financial Corporation for violation of cybersecurity disclosure controls and procedures", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2021/34-92176.pdf", "description": "On 14 June 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has charged First American Financial Corporation (FAFC), a real estate and mortgage insurance and settlement company. Specifically, the FAFC was charged with violations of the requirement to maintain proper disclosure controls and procedures in relation to a cybersecurity vulnerability involving sensitive personal data like social security numbers and financial information. FAFC had been aware of the vulnerability since early 2019,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会因违反网络安全披露控制和程序而对第一美国金融公司进行处罚", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 14 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 对房地产和抵押贷款保险与结算公司第一美国金融公司 (FAFC) 提出指控。具体来说，福特金融被指控违反了针对涉及社会安全号码和财务信息等敏感个人数据的网络安全漏洞维持适当披露控制和程序的要求。福特金融自 2019 年初就已意识到该漏洞，..." }, { "date": "7 September 2021", "title": "New York City: Ordinance requiring notification of use and prohibiting sale of biometric information", "url": "https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3704369&GUID=070402C0-43F0-47AE-AA6E-DEF06CDF702A", "description": "On 9 July 2021, Bill 1170-2018, which requires businesses to notify customers of the use of biometric identifier technology and prohibits the sale of biometric identifier information, has entered into force. The bill requires businesses using biometric identifier technology to disclose this fact clearly and conspicuously to customers. Further, the sale or exchange of biometric identifier information is prohibited.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约市：要求使用通知并禁止出售生物识别信息的条例", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 9 日，第 1170-2018 号法案生效，该法案要求企业通知客户生物识别技术的使用，并禁止出售生物识别识别信息。该法案要求使用生物识别技术的企业向客户清楚、显着地披露这一事实。此外，禁止出售或交换生物识别信息。" }, { "date": "15 October 2021", "title": "NIST Draft Prioritizing Cybersecurity Risk for Enterprise Risk Management", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2021/draft-nistir-8286b-prioritizing-cyber-risk-for-erm", "description": "A consultation on the Draft Prioritizing Cybersecurity Risk for Enterprise Risk Management is closed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The draft focuses on the use of enterprise objectives to prioritise, optimise, and respond to cybersecurity risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 草案优先考虑企业风险管理的网络安全风险", "description_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了关于企业风险管理网络安全风险优先级草案的磋商。该草案的重点是利用企业目标来确定优先级、优化和应对网络安全风险。" }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "New York City: Tenant Data Privacy Bill", "url": "https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4196254&GUID=29A4B0E2-4C1F-472B-AE88-AE10B5313AC1&Options=ID%7CText%7C&Search=", "description": "On 1 January 2023, Bill Int 1760-2019, on tenant data privacy, is fully implemented as the private right of action against smart access system owners who unlawfully sell tenant data has become enforceable.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约市：租户数据隐私法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 1 日，关于租户数据隐私的 Bill Int 1760-2019 得到全面实施，针对非法出售租户数据的智能门禁系统所有者的私人诉讼权已变得可执行。" }, { "date": "12 July 2021", "title": "NYDFS guidance on multi-factor authentication in cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/industry_letters/il20211207_mfa_guidance", "description": "On 7 December 2021, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) published its guidance on the role of multi-factor authentication (MFA) in cybersecurity for businesses. The guidance stresses the importance of MFA in ensuring cybersecurity. The NYDFS recommends that companies exempt from the requirement to implement MFA, as well as small businesses, nevertheless implement MFA.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NYDFS 关于网络安全多因素身份验证的指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 7 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYDFS) 发布了关于多重身份验证 (MFA) 在企业网络安全中的作用的指南。该指南强调了 MFA 在确保网络安全方面的重要性。 NYDFS 建议公司免除实施 MFA 的要求，小企业也应实施 MFA。" }, { "date": "4 January 2022", "title": "Final rule on cybersecurity incident notification in banking sector", "url": "https://www.fdic.gov/news/board-matters/2021/2021-11-17-notational-fr.pdf", "description": "On 1 April 2022, the final rule on the mandatory notification of cybersecurity incidents in the banking sector was implemented by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The rule requires banking organizations to notify both the regulators and customers of major cybersecurity incidents within 36 hours of determining that such an incident has occurred. All affected or...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "银行业网络安全事件通报最终规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 1 日，美国货币监理署 (OCC)、美联储理事会 (Board) 和联邦存款保险公司 (FDIC) 实施了关于银行业网络安全事件强制通报的最终规则。该规则要求银行机构在确定发生重大网络安全事件后36小时内向监管机构和客户通报重大网络安全事件。所有受影响或..." }, { "date": "12 February 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity Requirements in TSA directives for surface transportation owners and operators", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2021/12/02/dhs-announces-new-cybersecurity-requirements-surface-transportation-owners-and", "description": "The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) published two cybersecurity directives for voluntary measures to strengthen cybersecurity across the transportation sector. The directives are directed to freight railroads, passenger rail, and rail transit owners and operators and encourage operators to appoint a cybersecurity coordinator, rapidly report cybersecurity incidents to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, prepare a cybersecurity incident response plan and pursue a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TSA 指令中针对地面交通所有者和运营商的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "美国运输安全管理局 (TSA) 发布了两项网络安全指令，采取自愿措施加强整个运输部门的网络安全。这些指令针对货运铁路、客运铁路和轨道交通业主和运营商，鼓励运营商任命一名网络安全协调员，迅速向网络安全和基础设施安全局报告网络安全事件，制定网络安全事件响应计划并采取..." }, { "date": "19 January 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in US Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) Interim Final Rule on Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/10/21/2021-22774/information-security-controls-cybersecurity-items", "description": "On 19 January 2022, the interim final rule published by the US Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) takes full effect. The Rule aims to implement controls against certain “cybersecurity items\" that are used to pursue malicious cyber activities such as espionage or surveillance. This is done through amendments to the Commerce Control List (CCL). Furthermore, the Export Control Classification Numbers (ECCNs) are updated and a new License Exception Authorized Cybersecurity Exports (ACE) is crea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国工业与安全局 (BIS) 出口管制分类号 (ECCN) 临时最终规则中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2022年1月19日，美国工业与安全局（BIS）发布的临时最终规则全面生效。该规则旨在对某些用于进行间谍或监视等恶意网络活动的“网络安全项目”实施控制。这是通过修改商业管制清单（CCL）来实现的。此外，还更新了出口管制分类号 (ECCN)，并创建了新的授权网络安全出口许可例外 (ACE)..." }, { "date": "12 September 2021", "title": "District of Columbia: Bill to prohibit discriminatory algorithmic decision-making", "url": "https://oag.dc.gov/sites/default/files/2021-12/DC-Bill-SDAA-FINAL-to-file-.pdf", "description": "The Bill to \"prohibit users of algorithmic decision-making from utilizing algorithmic eligibility determinations in a discriminatory manner, to require corresponding notices to individuals whose personal information is used, and to provide for appropriate means of civil enforcement\", is introduced in the Council of the District of Columbia. The Bill would prohibit companies from employing algorithms producing biased or unfair results and require firms to audit their algorithms. Moreover, the ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哥伦比亚特区：禁止歧视性算法决策的法案", "description_zh": "哥伦比亚特区议会提出了“禁止算法决策用户以歧视性方式利用算法资格判定、要求向使用个人信息的个人发出相应通知，并提供适当的民事执法手段”的法案。该法案将禁止公司使用产生有偏见或不公平结果的算法，并要求公司对其算法进行审核。此外，..." }, { "date": "12 October 2021", "title": "FTC Section 18 Rulemaking on Security Practices", "url": "https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202110&RIN=3084-AB69", "description": "On 10 December 2021, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it was considering new rulemakings under section 18 of the FTC Act, which would include clamping down on lax security practices in the context of cybersecurity. Section 18 allows the FTC to designate acts as being unfair or deceptive commercial practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 第 18 节有关安全实践的规则制定", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 10 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布正在考虑根据《FTC 法案》第 18 条制定新规则，其中包括打击网络安全方面松懈的安全做法。第 18 条允许 FTC 将行为指定为不公平或欺骗性商业行为。" }, { "date": "7 May 2023", "title": "Local Law on Automated employment decision tools (Local Law 144) requiring a bias audit of AI", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/new-laws-rules.page", "description": "On 5 July 2023, the Local Law on Automated employment decision tools (Local Law 144) requiring a bias audit of AI was implemented. The Law applies to employers and employment agencies using an automated decision tool, defined as any computational process that substantially assists or replaces discretionary decision-making that affects natural persons in employment decisions. The Law requires users of such a tool to conduct a bias audit prior to the use, further distinguishing whether the tool...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于自动就业决策工具的地方法（地方法 144）要求对人工智能进行偏见审计", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 5 日，实施了要求对人工智能进行偏见审计的《自动就业决策工具地方法》（地方法 144）。该法适用于使用自动决策工具的雇主和就业机构，自动决策工具的定义是任何实质上协助或取代影响自然人就业决策的自由裁量决策的计算过程。该法律要求此类工具的用户在使用前进行偏见审核，进一步区分该工具是否..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Data protection in Safeguarding Non-Bank Consumer Information Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3910/text", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Safeguarding Non-bank Consumer Information Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《保护非银行消费者信息法》中的数据保护", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《保护非银行消费者信息法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in US Homeland and Cyber Threat (HACT) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1607", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Homeland and Cyber Threat (HACT) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国土与网络威胁 (HACT) 法案中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《国土与网络威胁 (HACT) 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "15 December 2021", "title": "NCUA Cybersecurity Evaluation", "url": "https://www.ncua.gov/regulation-supervision/letters-credit-unions-other-guidance/automated-cybersecurity-evaluation-toolbox?utm_medium=email&utm_source=NCUAgovdelivery", "description": "On 15 December 2021, the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) announced that its Automated Cybersecurity Evaluation Toolbox was available for download on its website, for the use of federally insured credit unions to conduct cybersecurity self-assessments. The self-assessment is not mandatory, but is intended to provide credit unions with a tool to help guide the improvement of their cybersecurity systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NCUA 网络安全评估", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 15 日，国家信用合作社管理局 (NCUA) 宣布其自动化网络安全评估工具箱可在其网站上下载，供联邦保险信用合作社进行网络安全自我评估。自我评估不是强制性的，但旨在为信用合作社提供一个工具，帮助指导其网络安全系统的改进。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Online Privacy Act (H.R. 4978)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/6027", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Online Privacy Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在线隐私法 (H.R. 4978)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年在线隐私法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "3 October 2022", "title": "Washington: Foundational Data Privacy Act (HB 1850) including data protection regulation", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2021-22/Pdf/Bills/House%20Bills/1850.pdf?q=20220110013348", "description": "On 10 March 2022, HB 1850, the Washington Foundational Data Privacy Act, was rejected after failing to pass before the closure of the legislative session. The bill would have given consumers whose personal data are held by a data controller the right to obtain, correct, and delete such data. Further, the Act would have introduced obligations on data controllers and processors to take appropriate measures for secure and transparent processing, such as informing consumers on how their personal ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "华盛顿：《基础数据隐私法》(HB 1850)，包括数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 10 日，HB 1850（华盛顿基础数据隐私法案）因未能在立法会议结束前获得通过而被否决。该法案将赋予数据控制者持有其个人数据的消费者获取、更正和删除此类数据的权利。此外，该法案还将规定数据控制者和处理者有义务采取适当措施进行安全和透明的处理，例如告知消费者他们的个人信息如何......" }, { "date": "27 May 2022", "title": "Oklahoma: Computer Data Privacy Act of 2022 (HB 2969)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb2969&Session=2200", "description": "On 27 May 2022, the Oklahoma Computer Data Privacy Act of 2022 (HB 2969) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act would have applied to businesses active in Oklahoma with annual revenues above USD 10 million, which annually process the personal data of at least 25’000 consumers, or derive at least 50 per cent of annual revenues from sharing consumer personal information. The Act would have required businesses to outline their data processing policie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州：2022 年计算机数据隐私法 (HB 2969)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 27 日，俄克拉荷马州《2022 年计算机数据隐私法案》(HB 2969) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案将适用于活跃在俄克拉荷马州、年收入超过 1000 万美元、每年处理至少 25,000 名消费者的个人数据，或至少 50% 的年收入来自共享消费者个人信息的企业。该法案要求企业概述其数据处理政策......" }, { "date": "14 March 2022", "title": "Indiana: Bill on consumer privacy (HB 1261)", "url": "http://iga.in.gov/legislative/2022/bills/house/1261", "description": "On 14 March 2022, the Indiana legislative session closed while the Consumer Privacy Bill (HB 1261) was not yet adopted by the Indiana House of Representatives. Therefore, the bill is rejected. The Act would have applied to all companies operating in Indiana surpassing a certain threshold of daily visitors. Particularly, the Act would have given consumers the right of access, deletion and correction of data, and the right to deny certain use of personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印第安纳州：消费者隐私法案 (HB 1261)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 14 日，印第安纳州立法会议结束，而印第安纳州众议院尚未通过消费者隐私法案 (HB 1261)。因此，该法案被拒绝。该法案将适用于在印第安纳州运营且每日访客量超过一定阈值的所有公司。特别是，该法案将赋予消费者访问、删除和更正数据的权利，以及拒绝对个人数据进行某些使用的权利。" }, { "date": "23 March 2022", "title": "FDA guidance on digital health technologies in clinical investigations including data governance", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/media/155022/download", "description": "On 23 March 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closed its consultation on a draft guidance on the use of digital health technologies (DHTs), which are used to remotely acquire data about participants, in clinical trials. In providing guidance on how to select suitable DHTs for trials, the draft also sets out considerations related to cybersecurity, potential data sharing, and the requirement to provide subjects with an informed consent process about the collection and use of data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FDA 关于临床研究中数字健康技术（包括数据治理）的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 23 日，美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 结束了关于使用数字健康技术 (DHT) 的指南草案的磋商，该技术用于在临床试验中远程获取参与者的数据。在为如何选择合适的 DHT 进行试验提供指导时，草案还提出了与网络安全、潜在数据共享以及向受试者提供有关数据收集和使用的知情同意流程的要求等相关考虑因素……" }, { "date": "1 May 2022", "title": "New York: Business Guide for Credential Stuffing Attacks", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/businessguide-credentialstuffingattacks.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2022, the Office of the New York State Attorney General published the Business Guide for Credential Stuffing Attacks to provide businesses with guidance on how to protect themselves from a specific type of cyber attack, namely credential stuffing attacks. These attacks involve the attempt to use credentials, such as passwords, stolen from a user account on one platform to unlock accounts on another platform on the assumption that users use the same password across multiple accoun...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约：撞库攻击业务指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 5 日，纽约州总检察长办公室发布了《撞库攻击商业指南》，为企业提供如何保护自己免受特定类型网络攻击（即撞库攻击）的指导。这些攻击涉及尝试使用从一个平台上的用户帐户窃取的凭据（例如密码）来解锁另一平台上的帐户，假设用户在多个帐户中使用相同的密码。" }, { "date": "1 July 2022", "title": "New York City: Legal challenges to food delivery data-sharing requirement", "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/delivery-apps-join-forces-in-legal-fight-over-nycs-data-mandate", "description": "On 7 January 2022, a judge of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York issued a consolidation order to combine the lawsuits brought by delivery service providers DoorDash, Uber, and Grubhub City against the City of New York's mandatory data sharing requirements. The bill allows food service providers, such as participating restaurants, to request customer data from delivery platforms, subject to a customer opt-out.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约市：食品配送数据共享要求面临法律挑战", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 7 日，美国纽约南区地方法院的一名法官发布了一项合并令，将送货服务提供商 DoorDash、Uber 和 Grubhub City 针对纽约市强制数据共享要求提起的诉讼合并起来。该法案允许食品服务提供商（例如参与的餐厅）向配送平台请求客户数据，但客户可以选择退出。" }, { "date": "18 January 2022", "title": "Algorithm design requirements in US Banning Surveillance Advertising Act of 2022", "url": "https://eshoo.house.gov/sites/eshoo.house.gov/files/BanningSurveillanceAdvertisingAct.pdf", "description": "On 18 January 2022, the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act of 2022 was introduced in the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Act would prohibit advertisement intermediaries from using microtargeting and enabling advertisers or third parties to conduct microtargeting through personal data or a protected class of features (e.g., race, gender, religion). On the other hand, the Act would allow broad location targeting and contextual advertising based on elements with which the individu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国2022年禁止监控广告法案的算法设计要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 18 日，众议院和参议院提出了《2022 年禁止监控广告法案》。该法案将禁止广告中介机构使用微定位，并允许广告商或第三方通过个人数据或受保护的特征类别（例如种族、性别、宗教）进行微定位。另一方面，该法案将允许基于个人的元素进行广泛的位置定位和上下文广告……" }, { "date": "28 February 2022", "title": "Kentucky: Act on biometric data collection practices (HB 32)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/22RS/hb32.html", "description": "The \"Act relating to biometric data collection practices\" (HB 32) is withdrawn. The Act would have required companies that wish to collect, store and use biometric information to obtain prior written consent from the providing individuals. Moreover, the Act would have required that such companies apply a reasonable standard of care and prepare a public written policy that details the retention schedule and the rules determining the permanent destruction of detained biometric information after...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯塔基州：生物识别数据收集实践法案 (HB 32)", "description_zh": "“与生物识别数据收集实践有关的法案”(HB 32) 被撤销。该法案要求希望收集、存储和使用生物特征信息的公司必须事先获得提供者的书面同意。此外，该法案还要求这些公司采用合理的谨慎标准，并制定一份公开的书面政策，详细说明保留时间表以及确定在……之后永久销毁被扣留的生物识别信息的规则。" }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Bill including cybersecurity standards for insurance carriers (SB 207)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/sb0207?ys=2022rs", "description": "On 1 October 2022, Senate Bill 207 (Insurance Carriers and Managed Care Organizations - Cybersecurity Standards) entered into force in Maryland. The Bill introduces cybersecurity standards for insurance carriers, requiring them to develop and implement a cybersecurity program based on a risk assessment, assess the potential threats and verify the efficacy of measures in place to tackle them, provide cybersecurity training to the staff, require third-party service providers to maintain adequa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "包括保险公司网络安全标准的法案 (SB 207)", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 1 日，参议院第 207 号法案（保险公司和管理式医疗组织 - 网络安全标准）在马里兰州生效。该法案为保险公司引入了网络安全标准，要求他们根据风险评估制定和实施网络安全计划，评估潜在威胁并验证应对措施的有效性，为员工提供网络安全培训，要求第三方服务提供商保持充分的..." }, { "date": "1 November 2022", "title": "CISA Advisory on Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Threats to US Critical Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-011a", "description": "The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued an advisory on \"Understanding and Mitigating Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Threats to U.S. Critical Infrastructure\". The advisory contains an overview of Russian state-sponsored cyber operations. Particularly, the commonly observed tactics are explained and incident response guidance is provided. The proposed mitigation measures are: enhance reporting processes, minimize personnel gaps in IT/OT security coverage, prepare a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 关于俄罗斯国家支持的对美国关键基础设施的网络威胁的咨询", "description_zh": "美国网络安全和基础设施安全局（CISA）发布了一份关于“了解和减轻俄罗斯国家支持的对美国关键基础设施的网络威胁”的咨询。该通报概述了俄罗斯国家资助的网络行动。特别是解释了常见的策略并提供了事件响应指南。拟议的缓解措施是：加强报告流程、最大限度地减少 IT/OT 安全覆盖范围内的人员差距、准备……" }, { "date": "27 May 2022", "title": "Oklahoma: Act on Social Media Speech and Censorship (SB 1862)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb1862&Session=2200", "description": "On 27 May 2022, the Bill on Social Media Speech and Censorship (SB 1862) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill introduced a private right of action by a user against a social media website if the website deleted or censored the user’s political or religious speech. Additionally, social media websites were not allowed to use the policy on hate speech to justify such an action but could mitigate the damages if they restored the speech. Social medi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州：《社交媒体言论和审查法》(SB 1862)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 27 日，《社交媒体言论和审查法案》（SB 1862）因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被拒绝。该法案引入了如果社交媒体网站删除或审查用户的政治或宗教言论，用户可以针对该网站采取私人行动的权利。此外，社交媒体网站不得使用仇恨言论政策来证明此类行为的合理性，但如果他们恢复言论，可以减轻损失。社交媒体..." }, { "date": "27 May 2022", "title": "Oklahoma: Censorship of Social Media Bill (SB 1453)", "url": "http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2021-22%20INT/SB/SB1453%20INT.PDF", "description": "On 27 May 2022, the Censorship of Social Media Bill (SB 1453) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill prohibited social media websites from deleting or censoring content that is classified as political or religious speech and from using algorithms to suppress such type of speech. In case of non-compliance, the companies could be held liable and the user that was censored or had his content deleted could claim damages of a maximum of USD 75'000. Fu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州：社交媒体审查法案 (SB 1453)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 27 日，《社交媒体审查法案》（SB 1453）因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被拒绝。该法案禁止社交媒体网站删除或审查被归类为政治或宗教言论的内容，并禁止使用算法来压制此类言论。如果不遵守规定，公司可能要承担责任，而受到审查或内容被删除的用户可以要求赔偿最高 75,000 美元的损失。福..." }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General lawsuit against Google over location tracking practices", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-finalizes-historic-settlement-google-and-secures-1375-billion-big-tech", "description": "On 31 October 2025, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced that Google signed a USD 1.375 billion settlement for alleged breaches of data protection regulations. The settlement addresses the three cases alleging that Google collected users’ location data, incognito search data, and biometric information without their consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长就位置跟踪做法对谷歌提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 31 日，德克萨斯州总检察长 Ken Paxton 宣布 Google 因涉嫌违反数据保护法规而签署了 13.75 亿美元的和解协议。该和解解决了指控谷歌未经用户同意收集用户位置数据、隐身搜索数据和生物识别信息的三起案件。" }, { "date": "3 March 2022", "title": "Massachusetts: Information Privacy and Security Act (HB 4514 / SB 2687)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/192/H4514", "description": "On 3 March 2022, the Information Privacy and Security Act (H.4514) was introduced to the Massachusetts State House of Representatives as companion Bill to S2687. The Bill aims to regulate how personal information is used by companies and introduces new rights for users. The Act would give individuals residing in Massachusetts the right to opt-out from having their personal information commercialised and from receiving targeted advertising. Furthermore, the residents would be able to access, d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州：信息隐私和安全法 (HB 4514 / SB 2687)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 3 日，《信息隐私和安全法案》(H.4514) 作为 S2687 的配套法案提交给马萨诸塞州众议院。该法案旨在规范公司如何使用个人信息，并为用户引入新的权利。该法案将赋予居住在马萨诸塞州的个人选择不将其个人信息商业化和接收定向广告的权利。此外，居民将能够访问、..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Nudging Users to Drive Good Experiences on Social Media Act (NUDGE Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3608", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Social Media NUDGE Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《推动用户推动社交媒体良好体验法案》（NUDGE 法案）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《社交媒体 NUDGE 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Data Elimination and Limiting Extensive Tracking and Exchange (DELETE) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/6752?r=1&s=1", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Data Elimination and Limiting Extensive Tracking and Exchange (DELETE) Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据消除和限制广泛的跟踪和交换（DELETE）法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《数据消除和限制广泛跟踪和交换 (DELETE) 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "Texas: Lawsuit against Meta (Facebook) for allegedly using unauthorised biometric data", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/images/press/Final%20State%20of%20Texas%20v%20Meta%20Order%202024.pdf", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the District Court of Texas issued a final ruling with a settlement amounting to USD 1.4 billion in favour of the State of Texas in a lawsuit against Meta concerning the company's unauthorised use of biometric data. In particular, the settlement addresses Meta's unlawful practice of capturing and using the personal biometric data of millions of Texas residents without required authorisation under the Capture or Use of Biometric Identifier Act of Texas. The Attorney General of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州：针对 Meta（Facebook）涉嫌使用未经授权的生物识别数据提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 30 日，德克萨斯州地方法院就 Meta 未经授权使用生物识别数据提起的诉讼做出了最终裁决，德克萨斯州获得了 14 亿美元的赔偿。特别是，和解协议解决了 Meta 在未经德克萨斯州《捕获或使用生物识别标识符法》所需授权的情况下捕获和使用数百万德克萨斯州居民个人生物识别数据的非法行为。总检察长..." }, { "date": "26 February 2021", "title": "California: Civil lawsuit against Facebook over the platform’s use of facial recognition tagging", "url": "https://static.reuters.com/resources/media/editorial/20210301/facebookprivacy--finalapprovalopinion.pdf", "description": "On 26 February 2021, a judge in the Northern District of California approved the USD 650 million settlement in the class action against Facebook over the platform’s use of facial recognition. The lawsuit was filed in 2015 alleging that Facebook violated the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act by collecting biometric data, such as the face geometry without the user’s explicit consent and using it for the automatic face-tagging in photos. As part of the settlement, each of the 1.6 millio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：针对 Facebook 平台使用面部识别标记的民事诉讼", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 26 日，加利福尼亚州北区的一名法官批准了针对 Facebook 平台使用面部识别的集体诉讼的 6.5 亿美元和解协议。该诉讼于 2015 年提起，指控 Facebook 在未经用户明确同意的情况下收集生物识别数据（例如面部几何形状）并将其用于照片中的自动面部标记，违反了伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法。作为和解协议的一部分，这 160 万..." }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Cloud Security Technical Reference Architecture", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/briefing-room/2021/09/07/office-of-management-and-budget-releases-draft-federal-strategy-for-moving-the-u-s-government-towards-a-zero-trust-architecture/", "description": "On 1 October 2021, the consultation opened on 7 September 2021 regarding the draft of the Cloud Security Technical Reference Architecture and Zero Trust Maturity Model by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), closed. In particular, the draft should improve the nation's cybersecurity and protect federal government networks following a cybersecurity incident. It aims to remove barriers to threat information sharing between government and private sector, modernize and impl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "云安全技术参考架构", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 1 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 就云安全技术参考架构和零信任成熟度模型草案于 2021 年 9 月 7 日开始的磋商已结束。特别是，该草案应改善国家的网络安全，并在网络安全事件发生后保护联邦政府网络。它旨在消除政府和私营部门之间威胁信息共享的障碍，实现现代化并实施..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring (SB 6)", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/Office-of-the-Governor/News/Press-Releases/2022/06-2022/Governor-Lamont-Signs-Legislation-Enacting-a-Comprehensive-Consumer-Data-Privacy-Law", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Bill for \"An Act concerning personal data privacy and online monitoring\" is implemented. The comprehensive data protection bill will apply to persons that conduct business in Connecticut or target Connecticut residents and in the last year either (1) controlled or processed personal data of over 100'000 consumers or (2) controlled or processed personal data of over 25'000 consumers generating more than 25% gross revenue from data sales. The Bill gives consumers the right t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于个人数据隐私和在线监控的法案 (SB 6)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 1 日，《关于个人数据隐私和在线监控的法案》实施。全面数据保护法案将适用于在康涅狄格州开展业务或以康涅狄格州居民为目标的个人，并且在去年 (1) 控制或处理了超过 100,000 名消费者的个人数据，或 (2) 控制或处理了超过 25,000 名消费者的个人数据，这些数据产生了超过 25% 的数据销售总收入。该法案赋予消费者权利..." }, { "date": "11 August 2021", "title": "Rulemaking authority of the California Privacy Protection Agency", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/", "description": "A consultation is closed by the California Privacy Protection Agency to seek input on Agency's rulemaking under the California Privacy Rights Act. The agency accepts any kind of comment but is particularly interested in the following topics: cybersecurity audits and risk assessments by businesses, automated decisionmaking, audits performed by the Agency, information to be provided in response to a consumer request to know, consumers’ right to delete, to correct, to know, to opt-out, to sell ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局的规则制定权", "description_zh": "加州隐私保护局结束了一次磋商，以征求有关该机构根据《加州隐私权法》制定规则的意见。该机构接受任何形式的评论，但对以下主题特别感兴趣：企业的网络安全审计和风险评估、自动决策、机构执行的审计、响应消费者知情请求而提供的信息、消费者删除、更正、知情、选择退出、出售的权利……" }, { "date": "18 May 2022", "title": "Alaska Consumer Information Protection Act (HB 222)", "url": "http://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/32?Hsid=HB0222A", "description": "On 18 May 2022, the Alaska Consumer Information Protection Act (HB 222) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿拉斯加消费者信息保护法 (HB 222)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 18 日，《阿拉斯加消费者信息保护法案》(HB 222) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，被否决。" }, { "date": "15 September 2022", "title": "California Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (AB 2273)", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/09/15/governor-newsom-signs-first-in-nation-bill-protecting-childrens-online-data-and-privacy/", "description": "On 15 September 2022, the Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (AB 2273) is signed by the Governor of California. The Act will enter into force on 1 July 2024. The Bill requires every business providing products that will be likely accessed by children to comply with specified standards of design and transparency as regards privacy and terms of service information. Moreover, the Bill prohibits businesses providing products likely to be accessed by children from collecting or using personal data c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州适龄设计规范法案 (AB 2273)", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 15 日，加利福尼亚州州长签署了《适龄设计规范法案》(AB 2273)。该法案将于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。该法案要求每家提供儿童可能接触到的产品的企业遵守有关隐私和服务条款信息的指定设计和透明度标准。此外，该法案禁止提供可能被儿童访问的产品的企业收集或使用个人数据..." }, { "date": "1 November 2022", "title": "New Jersey: Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (Bill A505)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A505", "description": "On 11 January 2022, the New Jersey Disclosure and Accountability Transparency Act (NJ DaTA) is introduced. The Act specifies a set of requirements for the disclosure and processing of personally identifiable information and establishes the Office of Data Protection and Responsible Use in the Division of Consumer Affairs. Particularly, the Act requires the users' opt-in consent to collect and process personal data and introduces the right to data access and portability.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州：信息披露和责任透明度法案（法案 A505）", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 11 日，新泽西州信息披露和责任透明度法案 (NJ DaTA) 出台。该法案规定了一系列有关个人身份信息的披露和处理的要求，并在消费者事务部设立了数据保护和负责任使用办公室。特别是，该法案要求用户选择同意收集和处理个人数据，并引入数据访问和可移植的权利。" }, { "date": "23 February 2022", "title": "Digital Services Oversight and Safety Act", "url": "https://trahan.house.gov/uploadedfiles/dsosa_final.pdf", "description": "On 23 February 2022, the Digital Services Oversight and Safety Act is introduced in the U.S. House. The Bill aims to establish a Bureau of Digital Services Oversight and Safety within the Federal Trade Commission, which would be responsible for the oversight of large online companies regarding online content. The Bill introduces obligations regarding content moderation, including reporting duties to the Bureau and a complaint-handling mechanism for users to appeal content moderation decisions...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字服务监督和安全法", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 23 日，《数字服务监督和安全法案》在美国众议院提出。该法案旨在在联邦贸易委员会内设立数字服务监督和安全局，负责对大型在线公司的在线内容进行监督。该法案引入了有关内容审核的义务，包括向无线电通信局报告的职责以及用户对内容审核决定提出上诉的投诉处理机制......" }, { "date": "31 December 2023", "title": "Utah Consumer Privacy Act including data protection measures (SB 227 - 2022)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2022/bills/static/SB0227.html?fbclid=IwAR1KbacMCmnUKhFZ9v4iJGBkDg1CC_SlNZk7zwXyGxADixmi50Fmccw1oMs", "description": "On 31 December 2023, the Utah Consumer Privacy Act (SB 227) is implemented. The Act gives individuals new rights over their data, including the right of access, deletion and rectification and enables individuals to opt-out from having their data collected for sale or targeted advertising purposes. Furthermore, the Act requires companies to include in their privacy notice the categories of personal data collected, the purpose of data processing and the categories of data shared with third part...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州消费者隐私法，包括数据保护措施 (SB 227 - 2022)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 31 日，《犹他州消费者隐私法》(SB 227) 实施。该法案赋予个人对其数据的新权利，包括访问、删除和纠正的权利，并允许个人选择不让其数据被收集用于销售或有针对性的广告目的。此外，该法案要求公司在其隐私声明中包含收集的个人数据的类别、数据处理的目的以及与第三方共享的数据的类别……" }, { "date": "5 December 2022", "title": "Vermont: Act relating to enhancing data privacy protections for consumers (H.570)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2022/H.570", "description": "On 12 May 2022, the Act relating to enhancing data privacy protections for consumers (H. 570) was rejected after failing to pass before the Vermont legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州：有关加强消费者数据隐私保护的法案 (H.570)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 12 日，有关加强消费者数据隐私保护的法案 (H. 570) 在佛蒙特州立法机构会议休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。" }, { "date": "3 October 2022", "title": "Washington: People's Privacy Act (HB 1433)", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2021-22/Htm/Bills/House%20Bills/1433.htm?q=20220302085251", "description": "On 10 March 2022, the Washington People's Privacy Act (HB 1433) is rejected since it was not adopted before the end of the State's legislative session.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "华盛顿：《人民隐私法》(HB 1433)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 10 日，《华盛顿人民隐私法案》(HB 1433) 被否决，因为该法案未在州立法会议结束前获得通过。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "US Online Consumer Protection Act (H.R. 3067) (117th Congress)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3067", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Online Consumer Protection Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国在线消费者保护法 (H.R. 3067)（第 117 届国会）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《在线消费者保护法案》因在第 117 届国会休会前未能通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "3 October 2022", "title": "Washington: Data Privacy Act (SB 5062) (2022)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5062&Initiative=false&Year=2021", "description": "On 10 March 2022, the Washington Data Privacy Act (SB 5062) is rejected since it was not adopted before the end of the State's legislative session. The Bill would have provided Washington citizens with consumer personal data rights such as access, correction, deletion, data portability, and the opportunity to opt-out of certain types of personal data processing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "华盛顿：数据隐私法 (SB 5062) (2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 10 日，《华盛顿数据隐私法案》(SB 5062) 被否决，因为该法案未在州立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案将为华盛顿公民提供消费者个人数据权利，例如访问、更正、删除、数据可移植性以及选择退出某些类型的个人数据处理的机会。" }, { "date": "3 January 2022", "title": "NSA Network Infrastructure Security Guidance", "url": "https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/2949885/nsa-details-network-infrastructure-best-practices/", "description": "The National Security Agency (NSA) has published the “Network Infrastructure Security Guidance”. The report outlines various cybersecurity measures to reduce the risk and impact of incidents. The best practices include focusing on the design and configurations of the networks and establishing perimeter and internal network defences to enhance network monitoring and access control.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NSA 网络基础设施安全指南", "description_zh": "美国国家安全局（NSA）发布了《网络基础设施安全指南》。该报告概述了减少事件风险和影响的各种网络安全措施。最佳实践包括关注网络的设计和配置以及建立外围和内部网络防御以增强网络监控和访问控制。" }, { "date": "3 December 2022", "title": "West Virginia: Bill introducing the right for consumers to opt out of the sale of personal information (H.B. 4454)", "url": "http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2022_SESSIONS/RS/bills/hb4454%20intr.pdf", "description": "On 21 March 2022, the West Viginia legislative session ended without passing House Bill 4454 related to consumer privacy, which is thus rejected. The Act would have established the consumer right to opt-out of any sale or sharing of his or her personal information as well as the right to no retaliation following any opt-out or exercise of the other rights providing for methods of limiting the sale, sharing, and use of sensitive personal information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "西弗吉尼亚州：引入消费者选择不出售个人信息的权利的法案 (H.B. 4454)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 21 日，西弗吉尼亚州立法会议结束，但未通过与消费者隐私相关的众议院第 4454 号法案，因此被否决。该法案将规定消费者有权选择退出任何出售或分享其个人信息的行为，以及在选择退出或行使限制出售、分享和使用敏感个人信息的其他权利后不受报复的权利。" }, { "date": "3 August 2022", "title": "Wisconsin: Senate Bill 957 relating to consumer data protection", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2021/proposals/reg/sen/bill/sb957", "description": "On 8 March 2022, the Wisconsin Senate Bill 957 for an Act on Consumer data is rejected by the Wisconsin State Assembly after failing to pass before the end of the State's legislative session. The Act would have introduced several data protection obligations and penalties for companies processing personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威斯康星州：有关消费者数据保护的参议院法案 957", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 8 日，威斯康星州参议院关于消费者数据法案的第 957 号法案因未能在该州立法会议结束前获得通过而被威斯康星州议会否决。该法案将为处理个人数据的公司引入多项数据保护义务和处罚措施。" }, { "date": "18 February 2022", "title": "Extension of exemptions in the amendment to the California Privacy Rights Act (AB 2871 and 2891)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2871", "description": "On 18 February 2022, Assembly Bills 2871 and 2891 are introduced in the Californian State Legislature, aiming to extend the employment and business-to-business data exemptions in the California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA). According to the Bills, the processing of personal information in employment and business-to-business contexts shall not be required to comply with the CPRA from 1 January 2023. AB 2871 would extend the exemptions indefinitely, while AB 2891 would extend such exemptions until...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州隐私权法案修正案（AB 2871 和 2891）中豁免的扩展", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 18 日，加利福尼亚州立法机构提出了第 2871 号和第 2891 号议会法案，旨在扩大《加州隐私权法案》(CPRA) 中的就业和企业对企业数据豁免范围。根据该法案，从 2023 年 1 月 1 日起，就业和企业对企业环境中的个人信息处理无需遵守 CPRA。AB 2871 将无限期延长豁免，而 AB 2891 则将此类豁免延长至……" }, { "date": "3 August 2022", "title": "Wisconsin: Bill relating to consumer data privacy (AB 1050 / SB 977)", "url": "http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2021/proposals/reg/asm/bill/ab1050", "description": "On 8 March 2022, the Assembly Bill 1050 and companion Senate Bill 977 relating to the privacy of consumer data are rejected after failing to pass before the closing of the Washington State legislature.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威斯康星州：与消费者数据隐私相关的法案 (AB 1050 / SB 977)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 8 日，与消费者数据隐私相关的议会第 1050 号法案和配套的参议院第 977 号法案因未能在华盛顿州立法机构闭会前获得通过而被拒绝。" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "SEC Cybersecurity Risk Management rules for Investment Advisers", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/21/2023-05766/cybersecurity-risk-management-for-investment-advisers-registered-investment-companies-and-business", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the public consultation closes on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Cybersecurity Risk Management Rules for Investment Advisers. In particular, the proposal would require advisers and funds to implement written policies that are designed to address cybersecurity risks, report relevant cybersecurity incidents to the SEC, increase the necessary disclosures related to cybersecurity risks and incidents, and maintain cybersecurity-related records.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SEC 投资顾问网络安全风险管理规则", "description_zh": "证券交易委员会 (SEC) 投资顾问网络安全风险管理规则的公众咨询于 2023 年 5 月 22 日结束。特别是，该提案将要求顾问和资金实施旨在解决网络安全风险的书面政策，向 SEC 报告相关网络安全事件，增加与网络安全风险和事件相关的必要披露，并维护网络安全相关记录。" }, { "date": "22 July 2021", "title": "Balancing the Rights Of Web Surfers Equally and Responsibly Act of 2021 (H.R. 4659 & S. 113)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4659", "description": "The Browser Act of 2021 (H.R. 4659) is introduced in the US House of Representatives. This bill introduces opt-in and opt-out requirements for broadband internet access services, e-commerce services, search engine services and internet subscription services in order to disclose and access user data. To use sensitive data such as financial data, health data and browsing history data, providers are required to introduce explicit user consent approval procedures (opt-in). To use non-sensitive us...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021 年平等和负责任地平衡网络冲浪者的权利法案 (H.R. 4659 & S. 113)", "description_zh": "美国众议院提出了 2021 年浏览器法案 (H.R. 4659)。该法案对宽带互联网接入服务、电子商务服务、搜索引擎服务和互联网订阅服务提出了选择加入和选择退出的要求，以便披露和访问用户数据。要使用财务数据、健康数据和浏览历史数据等敏感数据，提供商必须引入明确的用户同意批准程序（选择加入）。使用非敏感我们..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Telling Everyone the Location of data Leaving the U.S. Act (H.R. 3991)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3991", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Telling Everyone the Location of data Leaving the U.S. Act (TELL Act) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "告诉所有人数据离开美国的位置法案 (H.R. 3991)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《告诉所有人数据离开美国的位置法案》（TELL 法案）因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "25 February 2022", "title": "FCC Inquiry into Vulnerabilities of Internet Global Routing System", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/chair-rosenworcel-launches-inquiry-reduce-cyber-risks", "description": "On 25 February 2022, the chair of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed an inquiry into the vulnerabilities of the Internet Global Routing System to enhance defense mechanisms against cybersecurity threats. In particular, the inquiry would seek public comment on vulnerabilities threatening the security and integrity of the Border Gateway Protocol that enables the global routing system.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 对互联网全球路由系统漏洞的调查", "description_zh": "2022年2月25日，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）主席提议对互联网全球路由系统的漏洞进行调查，以加强针对网络安全威胁的防御机制。特别是，调查将就威胁支持全球路由系统的边界网关协议的安全性和完整性的漏洞征求公众意见。" }, { "date": "18 February 2022", "title": "Texas: TikTok civil investigation demand procedures", "url": "https://texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/images/child-support/TikTok%20CIDs.pdf", "description": "On 18 February 2022, the Office of the Attorney General of Texas launched two civil demand investigations into past and present potentially unlawful practices of TikTok. These practices include civil racketeering related to trafficking of persons, child privacy violations and other potential abusive conduct.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州：TikTok 民事调查要求程序", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 18 日，德克萨斯州总检察长办公室针对 TikTok 过去和现在的潜在非法行为启动了两项民事需求调查。这些做法包括与人口贩运、侵犯儿童隐私和其他潜在的虐待行为有关的民事敲诈勒索。" }, { "date": "23 May 2022", "title": "Minnesota: Bill prohibiting social media algorithms targeting children", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=SF3933&version=0&session=ls92&session_year=2022&session_number=0", "description": "On 23 May 2022, the Bill 3933 prohibiting the use of algorithms that target children was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would prohibit social media platforms with more than 1 million account holders from using algorithms to target content to children. Social media platforms would be held liable in case they knew or had reasons to know that they are targeting accounts holders under the age of 18. In case of noncompliance, social media platform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州：禁止针对儿童的社交媒体算法的法案", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 23 日，禁止使用针对儿童的算法的第 3933 号法案因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被拒绝。该法案将禁止拥有超过 100 万账户持有者的社交媒体平台使用算法向儿童投放内容。如果社交媒体平台知道或有理由知道他们的目标是 18 岁以下的账户持有人，则他们将被追究责任。如果不遵守规定，社交媒体平台..." }, { "date": "15 June 2024", "title": "SEC Rule on Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/04/2023-16194/cybersecurity-risk-management-strategy-governance-and-incident-disclosure", "description": "On 15 June 2024, the obligation to submit reports based on Item 1.05 of Form 8-K and Form 6-K for a \" smaller reporting company\" enters into force. The Forms are part of the Rule Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure. The \"smaller reporting companies\" include companies with a public float of less than USD 250 million or with annual revenues under USD 100 million and no public float or with a public float of less than USD 700 million. Form 8-K Item 1.05 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 关于网络安全风险管理、战略、治理和事件披露的规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 15 日，“小型报告公司”根据表格 8-K 和表格 6-K 第 1.05 项提交报告的义务生效。这些表格是网络安全风险管理、战略、治理和事件披露规则的一部分。 “较小的报告公司”包括公众持股量低于2.5亿美元或年收入低于1亿美元但没有公众持股量或公众持股量低于7亿美元的公司。 8-K 表格项目 1.05 ..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Stop Marketing And Revealing The Wearables And Trackers Consumer Health (SMARTWATCH) Data Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/500", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the SMARTWATCH Data Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "停止营销和披露可穿戴设备和追踪器消费者健康 (SMARTWATCH) 数据法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《智能手表数据法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Data Care Act (S.919)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/919", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Data Care Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据保护法 (S.919)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年数据保护法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Mind Your Own Business Act (S. 1444)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1444", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Mind Your Own Business Act of 2021 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "管好自己的生意法 (S. 1444)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年管好自己的生意法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act (S. 1628)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1628", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法 (S. 1628)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "EARN IT Act of 2022 (117th Congress)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3538/actions", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the EARN IT ACT of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2022 年 EARN IT 法案（第 117 届国会）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，2022 年《赚取 IT 法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "22 March 2022", "title": "Maine: Act To Protect Consumers' Privacy (LD 1982)", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/dockets.asp?ID=280082811", "description": "On 22 March 2022, the \"Act To Protect Consumers' Privacy by Giving Them Greater Control of Their Data and To Establish Consumer Protections Regarding Small Dollar Loans\" (LD 1982/SP 713) is rejected. The bill would have introduced the consumers' rights to request personal information access and deletion. Moreover, the bill would have allowed consumers to opt-out from the sale of personal data and bring a civil action to recover damages in the case of unauthorized access to personal informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "缅因州：保护消费者隐私法案 (LD 1982)", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 22 日，“通过给予消费者更大的数据控制权来保护消费者隐私并建立有关小额贷款的消费者保护的法案”(LD 1982/SP 713) 被拒绝。该法案将引入消费者请求访问和删除个人信息的权利。此外，该法案将允许消费者选择不出售个人数据，并在未经授权访问个人信息的情况下提起民事诉讼以追回损失。" }, { "date": "21 October 2022", "title": "SEC rules on enhancing and standardising cybersecurity risk management", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2022-186", "description": "On 21 October 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission closed consultations for the amendment to its rules to enhance and standardize disclosures regarding cybersecurity risk management, strategy, governance, and incident reporting by public companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The consultation was reopened on 7 October 2022 after technological errors prevented some comments from being received by the Commission.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SEC 关于加强和标准化网络安全风险管理的规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 21 日，美国证券交易委员会结束了对其规则修正案的磋商，该规则旨在加强和规范受 1934 年《证券交易法》报告要求约束的上市公司有关网络安全风险管理、战略、治理和事件报告的披露。由于技术错误，委员会无法收到一些评论，该磋商于 2022 年 10 月 7 日重新启动。" }, { "date": "4 November 2022", "title": "Maryland: Biometric Data Privacy Act (HB 259)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0259", "description": "On 11 April 2022, the Biometric Data Privacy Act (HB 259) was rejected after failing to pass before the Maryland legislature session adjourned. The Bill required businesses collecting biometric data to publish a data retention policy specifying when collected biometric data would have to be deleted. The Bill would further prohibit the selling, leasing, or trading of individual biometric data. Disclosure of biometric data would only be possible with the consent of the individual in question, o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马里兰州：生物特征数据隐私法 (HB 259)", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 11 日，《生物识别数据隐私法案》(HB 259) 在马里兰州立法机构会议休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案要求收集生物识别数据的企业发布数据保留政策，指定何时必须删除收集的生物识别数据。该法案将进一步禁止出售、租赁或交易个人生物识别数据。只有在相关个人同意的情况下才能披露生物识别数据，或者..." }, { "date": "26 February 2022", "title": "CISA alert against Russian malware", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-057a", "description": "On 26 February 2022, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) published an alert on the \"Destructive Malware Targeting Organizations in Ukraine\" focussing on cyberthreats presented by Russian actors. In particular, the alert details the characteristics of destructive malware deployed by Russian actors against organisations in Ukraine, aiming to enhance US organisations' response to potential harmful attacks. The alert provides technical details on the threats posed by th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 针对俄罗斯恶意软件发出警报", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 26 日，美国网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 发布了关于“乌克兰破坏性恶意软件针对组织”的警报，重点关注俄罗斯行为者提出的网络威胁。该警报特别详细介绍了俄罗斯行为者针对乌克兰组织部署的破坏性恶意软件的特征，旨在增强美国组织对潜在有害攻击的响应能力。该警报提供了有关该威胁所构成威胁的技术详细信息..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "User speech right protection in Adversarial Platform Prevention (APP) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/47", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Adversarial Platform Prevention Act of 2021 (APP Act) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对抗性平台防范（APP）法案中的用户言论权保护", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年对抗性平台预防法案》（APP 法案）因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "30 June 2022", "title": "Rhode Island: Information Privacy Act (House Bill 7917)", "url": "http://webserver.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText/BillText22/HouseText22/H7917.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2022, the Rhode Island Information Privacy Act (House Bill 7917) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill aimed to enhance consumer information and access their personal data being gathered and stored by companies that conduct business in Rhode Island.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗德岛州：信息隐私法（众议院法案 7917）", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 30 日，罗德岛州信息隐私法案（众议院法案 7917）因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被否决。该法案旨在增强消费者信息并访问在罗德岛州开展业务的公司收集和存储的个人数据。" }, { "date": "18 February 2022", "title": "Arizona: Act relating to consumer data protection (House Bill 2790 - 2022)", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/55leg/2R/bills/HB2790P.htm", "description": "The Act relating to consumer data protection (House Bill 2790) is rejected in the Committee. The Bill would introduce the user data rights to access and correct data, restrict data processing, be informed on the data processing purpose and object to data processing. In addition, it would introduce obligations on data controllers and penalties in case of non-compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州：与消费者数据保护相关的法案（众议院法案 2790 - 2022）", "description_zh": "委员会否决了与消费者数据保护有关的法案（众议院第 2790 号法案）。该法案将引入用户数据访问和更正数据、限制数据处理、了解数据处理目的和反对数据处理的权利。此外，还将规定数据控制者的义务以及违规行为的处罚。" }, { "date": "14 April 2022", "title": "Kentucky: Act to establish consumer rights relating to personal data (SB 15 / HB 586)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/22rs/sb15.html", "description": "On 14 April 2022, the Act to establish consumer rights relating to personal data (SB 15) was rejected after failing to pass before the Kentucky legislature session adjourned. The Act introduced data subject rights to access and delete personal data as well as to opt out of data sales and targeted advertisements. In addition, it introduced obligations for data controllers, such as conducting data protection risk assessments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯塔基州：建立与个人数据相关的消费者权利的法案 (SB 15 / HB 586)", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 14 日，建立与个人数据相关的消费者权利的法案 (SB 15) 在肯塔基州立法机构会议休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。该法案引入了数据主体访问和删除个人数据以及选择退出数据销售和定向广告的权利。此外，它还规定了数据控制者的义务，例如进行数据保护风险评估。" }, { "date": "1 November 2022", "title": "New Jersey: Commercial data protection bill (S332 / A1971)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/S332", "description": "On 11 January 2022, two companion bills concerning data protection in commercial contexts were introduces to the New Jersey legislature (S332 / A1971). The bills apply to commercial Internet websites and online services and impose an obligation to notify consumers of data collection and disclosure. In addition, data subjects must be allowed to opt out of such data collection and disclosure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州：商业数据保护法案 (S332 / A1971)", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 11 日，向新泽西州立法机关提交了两项有关商业环境中数据保护的配套法案 (S332 / A1971)。该法案适用于商业互联网网站和在线服务，并规定有义务通知消费者数据收集和披露。此外，必须允许数据主体选择不参与此类数据收集和披露。" }, { "date": "1 June 2022", "title": "Registration requirement for data brokers in New York Privacy Act (2022)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/s6701/amendment/a", "description": "On 6 January 2022, the New York Privacy Act is reintroduced to the New York Senate and Assembly simultaneously (A680/S6701). The Act would require data brokers that collect and sell personal data to register and pay a registration fee. Non-compliance would expose brokers to fees and liability for civil penalties and data controllers would be prohibited from sharing data with unregistered data brokers. Additionally, the Attorney General would maintain a registry of the licensed actors on its w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约隐私法 (2022) 中数据经纪人的注册要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 6 日，《纽约隐私法》同时重新提交给纽约参议院和议会 (A680/S6701)。该法案将要求收集和出售个人数据的数据经纪人进行注册并支付注册费。不合规将使经纪人承担费用并承担民事处罚责任，并且数据控制者将被禁止与未注册的数据经纪人共享数据。此外，总检察长将在其网站上维护持照演员的登记册……" }, { "date": "3 April 2022", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Weight Watchers for collecting children's data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/1923228-weight-watchersww", "description": "On 4 March 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) reached a settlement agreement with Weight Watchers (WW) in the lawsuit filed over the company's illegal collection and retention of personal data of children under 13 years old. According to the settlement order, WW has to pay a fine of USD 1.5 million, delete the personal data it has collected from children under 13 years old as well as erase any algorithms created on the basis of that data. The FTC filed the lawsuit against WW on 16 Febr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会起诉慧俪轻体收集儿童数据", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 4 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 与慧俪轻体 (WW) 就该公司非法收集和保留 13 岁以下儿童个人数据提起的诉讼达成和解协议。根据和解令，WW 必须支付 150 万美元的罚款，删除其从 13 岁以下儿童收集的个人数据，并删除基于该数据创建的任何算法。 FTC 于 2 月 16 日对 WW 提起诉讼..." }, { "date": "7 January 2022", "title": "Indiana Data Breach Notification Law", "url": "http://iga.in.gov/legislative/2022/bills/house/1351#document-82bd1d16", "description": "On 1 July 2022, the amendment to the Indiana Data Breach Notification Law goes into effect. The amendment stipulates that data breaches need to be communicated to the affected parties and the local Attorney General forty-five days after the fact at the latest.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印第安纳州数据泄露通知法", "description_zh": "印第安纳州数据泄露通知法修正案于 2022 年 7 月 1 日生效。该修正案规定，数据泄露事件最迟需要在事件发生后四十五天通知受影响方和当地总检察长。" }, { "date": "5 May 2022", "title": "Hawaii: Consumer Privacy Act (HB 2051)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2051&year=2022", "description": "On 5 May 2022, the Hawaii Consumer Privacy Act (HB 2051) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷：消费者隐私法 (HB 2051)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 5 日，《夏威夷消费者隐私法案》(HB 2051) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。" }, { "date": "5 May 2022", "title": "Hawaii: Data Processing Framework (H.B. 2341)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2341&year=2022", "description": "On 5 May 2022, the Hawaiian Data Processing Framework Bill (H.B. 2341) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷：数据处理框架 (H.B. 2341)", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 5 日，夏威夷数据处理框架法案 (H.B. 2341) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。" }, { "date": "15 March 2022", "title": "NIST Report \"Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence\"", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1270", "description": "On 15 March 2022, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published a report entitled \"Towards a Standard for Identifying and Managing Bias in Artificial Intelligence\". In particular, the report offers suggestions about where to identify biases (i.e., dataset availability and representativeness) and how developers can evaluate the social suitability of AI systems. Moreover, the report offers guidance on governance, testing, evaluation, validation and verification of AI ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 报告“制定识别和管理人工智能偏见的标准”", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 15 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 发布了题为《制定识别和管理人工智能偏差的标准》的报告。特别是，该报告提供了有关在哪里识别偏差（即数据集可用性和代表性）以及开发人员如何评估人工智能系统的社会适用性的建议。此外，该报告还提供了人工智能治理、测试、评估、验证和验证的指导......" }, { "date": "25 February 2022", "title": "NYDFS guidance on escalating Situation in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/industry_letters/il20220225_ukraine_escalation_impact_financial", "description": "On 25 February 2022, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) published its guidance on the \"Escalating Situation in Ukraine and Impact to Financial Sector\", which includes recommendations regarding cybersecurity. Particularly, the guidance requires all entities regulated by the New York State Department of Financial Services to comply with Federal cybersecurity regulations, identify vulnerabilities and update and test their incident response and business continuity plannin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NYDFS 关于乌克兰局势升级的指导", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 25 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYDFS) 发布了关于“乌克兰局势升级及其对金融部门的影响”的指南，其中包括有关网络安全的建议。特别是，该指南要求纽约州金融服务部监管的所有实体遵守联邦网络安全法规，识别漏洞并更新和测试其事件响应和业务连续性计划..." }, { "date": "30 June 2021", "title": "NYDFS guidance on Ransomware", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry_guidance/industry_letters/il20210630_ransomware_guidance", "description": "On 30 June 2021, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) published its \"Ransom guidance\" on how to protect financial services companies and their customers from malware. Particularly, the Department recommended against paying ransoms and noted that companies should implement a preventive cybersecurity program that includes email filtering systems, anti-phishing training, patch management, Multi-Factor Authentication, minimization of the use of Remote Desktop Protocols, str...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NYDFS 关于勒索软件的指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 6 月 30 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYDFS) 发布了关于如何保护金融服务公司及其客户免受恶意软件侵害的“赎金指南”。特别是，该部门建议不要支付赎金，并指出公司应实施预防性网络安全计划，包括电子邮件过滤系统、反网络钓鱼培训、补丁管理、多重身份验证、尽量减少远程桌面协议的使用、加强..." }, { "date": "3 October 2022", "title": "California State Attorney Opinion on Consumer Right to Access Inference Data according to CPRA", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/opinions/pdfs/20-303.pdf", "description": "On March 10 2022, the California Attorney General issued an opinion within the context of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) on a consumer's right to information. Specifically, the Attorney General's office answered the question of whether consumers have the right to access information that a business did not collect directly but rather inferred by third-party sources. According to the Attorney General, consumers have the right to know what the business inferred both directly and indi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州检察官根据 CPRA 关于消费者访问推理数据的权利的意见", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 10 日，加州总检察长根据《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA)，就消费者的信息权发表了意见。具体来说，总检察长办公室回答了消费者是否有权访问企业未直接收集而是通过第三方来源推断的信息的问题。根据总检察长的说法，消费者有权知道企业直接和独立的推断..." }, { "date": "15 February 2022", "title": "California: Data protection requirements in Data Broker Registration Bill", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1059", "description": "On 22 February 2022, the California Senate introduced bill SB 1059 to the Senate floor. It is a bill that extends the definition of \"data brokers\" to businesses that collect and share user information. As such, data brokers, in line with the new California Privacy Rights Act, need to fulfil more requirements for their yearly registration. According to the Bill, data brokers would be obliged to report on their data breaches, minor data collection, and what information they provide their users ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：数据经纪人注册法案中的数据保护要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 22 日，加州参议院向参议院提交了 SB 1059 号法案。该法案将“数据经纪人”的定义扩展到收集和共享用户信息的企业。因此，根据新的加州隐私权法案，数据经纪人需要满足更多的年度注册要求。根据该法案，数据经纪人有义务报告其数据泄露、少量数据收集以及他们向用户提供的信息......" }, { "date": "20 April 2022", "title": "Maine: Law on Biometric Identifiers", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?ID=280082583", "description": "On 20 April 2022, the Maine Bill \"Regulating the Use of Biometric Identfiers\" (HB 1945) was rejected in the Senate. The Bill was based on Illinois BIPA Act, where any customer is allowed to request what biometric data businesses have collected and shared. In addition, Maine HB 1945 acknowledged the role of the \"processor\", who collects and processes biometric information on behalf of another company. For processors to handle biometric data, they need explicit consent from the user and ensure ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "缅因州：生物识别标识符法", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 20 日，缅因州法案“规范生物识别标识符的使用”（HB 1945）在参议院被否决。该法案基于伊利诺伊州 BIPA 法案，允许任何客户请求企业收集和共享哪些生物识别数据。此外，缅因州 HB 1945 承认“处理者”的角色，代表另一家公司收集和处理生物识别信息。对于处理生物识别数据的处理器，他们需要用户的明确同意并确保......" }, { "date": "16 March 2022", "title": "NIST Guidelines on Cybersecurity for the Manufacturing Sector", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2022/sp-1800-10-cybersecurity-for-manufacturing-sector", "description": "On 16 March 2022, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released its Special Publication on \"Protecting Information and System Integrity in Industrial Control System Environments: Cybersecurity for the Manufacturing Sector\". This handbook includes sample solutions and instructions for using commercially available technology to assist the manufacturing sector in the following areas:\n- Identification and prevention of the installation of unauthorised software;\n- Protectio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 制造业网络安全指南", "description_zh": "2022年3月16日，美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）发布了题为“保护工业控制系统环境中的信息和系统完整性：制造业的网络安全”的特别出版物。本手册包括使用商用技术在以下领域协助制造业的示例解决方案和说明：\n- 识别并防止安装未经授权的软件；\n- 保护..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "21st Century FREE Speech Act (HR 7163/S 1384)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1384", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the 21st Century FREE Speech Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "21 世纪言论自由法案 (HR 7163/S 1384)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《21 世纪言论自由法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "8 February 2022", "title": "California: Bill regarding child user addiction (AB 2408)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2408", "description": "On 2 August 2022, the California Assembly Bill 2408 \"Child users: Addiction\" was suspended by the California Senate. The Bill would have introduced liability for social media companies with over USD 100 million in gross revenue regarding addictive features for minors aged 17 or below. The companies could have prevented being held liable by either removing additive features or conducting regular audits to identify and remove such elements. Furthermore, the Bill would have allowed parents to su...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：有关儿童用户成瘾的法案 (AB 2408)", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 2 日，加州议会法案 2408“儿童用户：成瘾”被加州参议院暂停。该法案将对总收入超过 1 亿美元的社交媒体公司引入针对 17 岁或以下未成年人的成瘾功能的责任。这些公司本可以通过删除附加功能或进行定期审核来识别和删除这些元素来避免承担责任。此外，该法案将允许父母..." }, { "date": "18 May 2022", "title": "New York: AG investigation into social media companies regarding Buffalo terror attack", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2022/attorney-general-james-launches-investigations-social-media-companies-role", "description": "On 18 May 2022, the New York Attorney General announced an investigation into several social media firms regarding the Buffalo terror attack on 14 May 2022. The investigation will focus on the role of social media and other digital resources used by the shooter to post his intentions and acts with relation to the attack. The announcement lists several social media firms targeted by the investigation, including Twitch, 4chan, 8chan, and Discord, although other firms may be investigated. The an...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约：总检察长就布法罗恐怖袭击事件对社交媒体公司进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 18 日，纽约总检察长宣布就 2022 年 5 月 14 日布法罗恐怖袭击事件对多家社交媒体公司进行调查。调查将重点关注枪手在发布与袭击相关的意图和行为时使用的社交媒体和其他数字资源的作用。该公告列出了几家受调查的社交媒体公司，包括 Twitch、4chan、8chan 和 Discord，但其他公司也可能受到调查。该..." }, { "date": "19 May 2022", "title": "DoJ Policy for Charging Cases under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-announces-new-policy-charging-cases-under-computer-fraud-and-abuse-act", "description": "On 19 May 2022, the US Department of Justice adopted a new policy regarding criminal prosecution with relation to the \"Computer Fraud and Abuse Act\". Particularly, the policy establishes that good-faith security research (including testing, investigations, and corrections of security flaws or vulnerabilities) will not be criminally prosecuted, where such activity does not risk harming individuals. This represents a shift from an earlier policy issued in 2014.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部根据《计算机欺诈和滥用法》对案件提出指控的政策", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 19 日，美国司法部通过了一项与《计算机欺诈和滥用法案》有关的刑事起诉新政策。特别是，该政策规定，善意的安全研究（包括测试、调查和安全缺陷或漏洞的纠正）不会受到刑事起诉，只要此类活动没有伤害个人的风险。这代表着对 2014 年发布的早期政策的转变。" }, { "date": "14 August 2020", "title": "Data portability requirements in California Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/privacy/ccpa", "description": "Implementation of the California Consumer Privacy Act, which provides rights to customers including rights of access, deletion, opt-out and relief for breaches regarding personal information. Among others, the Act requires the portability of data, ensuring it is technically feasible, and in a readily useable format that allows the consumer to transmit this information to another entity without hindrance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州消费者隐私法中的数据可移植性要求", "description_zh": "实施《加州消费者隐私法》，为客户提供权利，包括访问、删除、选择退出和个人信息泄露的救济。除其他外，该法案要求数据的可移植性，确保其在技术上可行，并且采用易于使用的格式，允许消费者无障碍地将这些信息传输到另一个实体。" }, { "date": "19 May 2022", "title": "FTC investigation into children's privacy in educational technology", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Policy%20Statement%20of%20the%20Federal%20Trade%20Commission%20on%20Education%20Technology.pdf", "description": "On 19 May 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted a Policy Statement on children's privacy protection with regards to data collection in educational technology. The FTC stated its intention to investigate educational technology companies for potential breaches of children's privacy protection regulations as enacted in the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Specifically, the FTC will focus on breaches of the prohibition against mandatory collection, by which providing m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对教育技术中儿童隐私的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 19 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 通过了一项关于教育技术数据收集方面的儿童隐私保护的政策声明。 FTC 表示打算调查教育技术公司是否可能违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》(COPPA) 中颁布的儿童隐私保护法规。具体来说，联邦贸易委员会将重点关注违反强制收集禁令的行为，从而提供..." }, { "date": "19 May 2022", "title": "New Jersey Bill 4051 including user speech rights", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A4051", "description": "On 19 May 2022, the Bill 4051 on free speech on social media platforms was introduced in the New Jersey State Assembly. The Bill would create a private right of action for social media users against the social media platform where the platform censors or deletes their political or religious speech, or uses algorithms to disfavour such speech. The platforms found in violation of the user's speech rights will have to pay damages amounting to a minimum of UDS 75’000 per infringement. Further, th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州第 4051 号法案，包括用户言论权", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 19 日，新泽西州议会提出了关于社交媒体平台言论自由的第 4051 号法案。该法案将为社交媒体用户创建针对社交媒体平台的私人诉讼权，平台审查或删除他们的政治或宗教言论，或使用算法来反对此类言论。被发现侵犯用户言论权的平台每次侵权至少需支付75,000印尼盾的赔偿金。此外，该..." }, { "date": "26 May 2022", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Twitter for Misuse of Account Security Data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/ecf_11_stipulated_order.pdf", "description": "On 26 May 2022, the United States District Court Northern District of California approved the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) final order in the case against Twitter over misuse of account security data. The final order imposes a USD 150 million penalty, prohibits Twitter from profiting from deceptively collected data, requires to notify affected users and develop a comprehensive privacy program subject to regular assessments. In its complaint, FTC stated that since 2013, Twitter collected use...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 针对 Twitter 滥用账户安全数据提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 26 日，美国加州北区地方法院批准了联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 针对 Twitter 滥用账户安全数据一案的最终命令。最终命令处以 1.5 亿美元的罚款，禁止 Twitter 从欺骗性收集的数据中获利，要求通知受影响的用户并制定全面的隐私计划并定期进行评估。 FTC 在诉状中表示，自 2013 年以来，Twitter 收集了..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Augmenting Compatibility and Competition by Enabling Service Switching (ACCESS) Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3849", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the “Augmenting Compatibility and Competition by Enabling Service Switching Act of 2021” (ACCESS Act of 2021) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过 2022 年启用服务切换 (ACCESS) 法案增强兼容性和竞争", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2021 年启用服务切换法案增强兼容性和竞争》（2021 年 ACCESS 法案）因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "20 May 2022", "title": "FTC Guidance on Effective Breach Disclosures", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/policy/advocacy-research/tech-at-ftc/2022/05/security-beyond-prevention-importance-effective-breach-disclosures", "description": "On 20 May 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published a guidance on effective breach disclosures in case of cybersecurity incidents. The guidance stresses the importance of effective breach detection and responses, highlighting measures to counter, prevent, or mitigate attacks, prevent and minimise harm to consumers, provide information, and enable post-breach remedial actions. Further, the guidance explained that the FTC Act may require disclosure from entities in order to comply with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于有效违规信息披露的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 20 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了关于在发生网络安全事件时有效披露违规行为的指南。该指南强调了有效的违规检测和响应的重要性，强调了应对、预防或减轻攻击、预防和尽量减少对消费者的伤害、提供信息以及采取违规后补救措施的措施。此外，该指南解释说，《联邦贸易委员会法案》可能要求实体披露信息，以便遵守......" }, { "date": "5 May 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Better Cybercrime Metrics Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2629", "description": "On 5 May 2022, the Better Cybercrime Metrics Act was signed by US President Biden and became law. The bill aims to improve the cybersecurity framework of the United States of America by ameliorating data collection around cyber-related incidents and crimes. The Act requests the Department of Justice to create a taxonomy of different types of cybercrime in collaboration with the National Academy of Sciences and to include cybercrime statistics in the National Incident-Based Reporting System an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《更好的网络犯罪指标法案》中的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "2022 年 5 月 5 日，美国总统拜登签署《更好的网络犯罪衡量法案》并成为法律。该法案旨在通过改善网络相关事件和犯罪的数据收集来改善美利坚合众国的网络安全框架。该法案要求司法部与美国国家科学院合作创建不同类型网络犯罪的分类法，并将网络犯罪统计数据纳入国家基于事件的报告系统和..." }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Maryland: Cybersecurity Standards in Insurance Carriers and Managed Care Organizations Bill", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0207?ys=2022RS", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the Insurance Carriers and Managed Care Organizations - Cybersecurity Standards Bill enters into full force. The Bill introduces a data security framework for insurance carriers that requires them to conduct self-evaluations of their risk profile and how to mitigate it. Based on these reports, the insurance carriers need to develop their own in-house security strategy around their data collection and storage, including the training of employees and the creation of a specifi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马里兰州：保险公司和管理式医疗组织法案中的网络安全标准", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 1 日，《保险公司和管理式医疗组织 - 网络安全标准法案》全面生效。该法案为保险公司引入了一个数据安全框架，要求他们对其风险状况以及如何减轻风险进行自我评估。根据这些报告，保险公司需要围绕数据收集和存储制定自己的内部安全策略，包括员工培训和创建特定的..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in American Data Privacy and Protection Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8152?r=4&s=2", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the American Data Privacy and Protection Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国数据隐私和保护法中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，美国数据隐私和保护法案因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "14 April 2022", "title": "Illinois class action lawsuit against Google for facial recognition features", "url": "https://www.googlebipasettlement.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Rivera-v.-Google-Settlement-Agreement.pdf", "description": "Following Illinois residents' class-action lawsuit against Google for the use of facial recognition tools in Google Photos, Google has been found guilty of violating Illinois’ Biometric Information Privacy Act with its face regrouping feature, which identifies faces in images and videos uploaded to Google Photos without consent. As a result of the class-action suit, Google agreed to pay a $100 million settlement and must notify users about the face regrouping feature.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州针对谷歌面部识别功能提起集体诉讼", "description_zh": "继伊利诺伊州居民对谷歌在 Google Photos 中使用面部识别工具提起集体诉讼后，谷歌被判其面部重组功能违反了伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法，该功能可识别未经同意上传到 Google Photos 的图像和视频中的面部。集体诉讼的结果是，谷歌同意支付 1 亿美元和解金，并且必须通知用户有关面部重组功能的信息。" }, { "date": "6 July 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity Advisory on cyber threats from actors sponsored by People’s Republic of China", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-158a", "description": "On 7 June 2022, the National Security Agency (NSA), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) issued a Joint Cybersecurity Advisory on cyber threats posed by actors sponsored by the People's Republic of China. The Advisory lists and describes common cybersecurity vulnerabilities exploited by these actors and recommends several practices for avoiding future vulnerabilities, including timely implementation of patches, disabling por...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于中华人民共和国发起的网络威胁的网络安全咨询", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 7 日，美国国家安全局 (NSA)、网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 以及联邦调查局 (FBI) 针对中华人民共和国发起的行为者构成的网络威胁发布了联合网络安全咨询。该通报列出并描述了这些行为者利用的常见网络安全漏洞，并建议了避免未来漏洞的几种做法，包括及时实施补丁、禁用漏洞……" }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "FTC Report on use of AI to combat online harms", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Combatting%20Online%20Harms%20Through%20Innovation%3B%20Federal%20Trade%20Commission%20Report%20to%20Congress.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2022, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a Report to the United States Congress on the feasibility and risks of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to combat “online harms”. The FTC recommends in its report addressing online problems by means other than AI, concluding that AI tools themselves are limited in their usefulness and have the potential to cause further harm. In particular, FTC notes that AI tools could amplify discrimination and perpetuate existing biases and en...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于使用人工智能打击网络危害的报告", "description_zh": "2022年6月16日，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）向美国国会发布了一份关于利用人工智能（AI）打击“网络伤害”的可行性和风险的报告。联邦贸易委员会在其报告中建议通过人工智能以外的方式解决网络问题，并得出结论认为人工智能工具本身的用处有限，并且有可能造成进一步的危害。联邦贸易委员会特别指出，人工智能工具可能会放大歧视并延续现有的偏见，并导致……" }, { "date": "22 June 2022", "title": "Multi-state investigation into Carnival Cruise data breach", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/acting-ag-platkin-announces-settlement-with-carnival-cruise-line-over-2019-data-breach-that-compromised-personal-information-from-its-employees-and-customers/", "description": "On 22 June 2022, the multistate investigation into the Carnival Cruise data breach concluded in a USD 1.25 million settlement. The investigation by 45 states and the District of Columbia found that Carnival Cruise did not adequately notify consumers and regulators of the data breach and that vulnerabilities in Carnival's data security programme contributed to the initial breach. The data breach concerned approximately 180'000 customers and employees in the United States, whose information inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对嘉年华游轮数据泄露的多州调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 22 日，针对嘉年华游轮数据泄露的多州调查以 125 万美元和解告终。 45 个州和哥伦比亚特区的调查发现，嘉年华游轮没有充分通知消费者和监管机构有关数据泄露的信息，而嘉年华数据安全计划中的漏洞导致了最初的泄露。此次数据泄露涉及美国约 180,000 名客户和员工，他们的信息包括..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "My Body, My Data Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4434", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the My Body, My Data Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "我的身体，我的数据法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，2022 年《我的身体、我的数据法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "1 September 2023", "title": "Public Lawsuit regarding algorithmic discrimination in housing advertising (DOJ v Meta)", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-and-meta-platforms-inc-reach-key-agreement-they-implement-groundbreaking", "description": "On 21 June 2022, the lawsuit by the Department of Justice against Meta (formerly Facebook) regarding algorithmic discrimination in housing advertisement concluded with a settlement. Meta settled to change its advertising technology practices in addition to paying a fine of USD 115,054. In August 2018, the Department of Housing and Urban Development initiated a lawsuit against Meta/Facebook for algorithmic discrimination in Facebook's housing-related advertising system. The algorithm of the sy...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于住房广告中算法歧视的公共诉讼（司法部诉 Meta）", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 21 日，司法部针对 Meta（前 Facebook）就住房广告中的算法歧视提起的诉讼以和解告终。 Meta 除了支付 115,054 美元的罚款外，还决定改变其广告技术做法。 2018年8月，住房和城市发展部对Meta/Facebook发起诉讼，指控其在Facebook住房相关广告系统中存在算法歧视。该系统的算法..." }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Maryland: Amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act (Data Breach Notification Act)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/HB0962", "description": "On 1 October 2022, House Bill 962 to amend the Maryland Personal Data Protection Act (known as the Data Breach Notification Act) is implemented. The amendment enhances the scope of the bill to all businesses maintaining personal information of Maryland residents (previously only licensed businesses) and introduces stricter cybersecurity requirements. Specifically, businesses that maintain personal information of Maryland residents must introduce reasonable data security requirements and notif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马里兰州：个人信息保护法修正案（数据泄露通知法）", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 1 日，修订《马里兰州个人数据保护法》（称为《数据泄露通知法》）的众议院第 962 号法案开始实施。该修正案将法案的范围扩大到所有维护马里兰州居民个人信息的企业（之前仅限获得许可的企业），并引入了更严格的网络安全要求。具体来说，维护马里兰州居民个人信息的企业必须引入合理的数据安全要求并通知..." }, { "date": "23 June 2022", "title": "Bill expanding protection of financial consumer privacy", "url": "https://republicans-financialservices.house.gov/uploadedfiles/glb_03_xml.pdf", "description": "On 23 June 2022, the Financial Services Committee of the United States House of Representatives released a draft Bill that aims to amend the Gramm Leach Biley Act to include data protection measures for consumers. Firstly, the Bill introduces data collection and processing limitations, requiring financial institutions to obtain consent from customers to collect and store their data. Secondly, it would give consumers the right to opt out of nonpublic data collection and request the deletion of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案扩大对金融消费者隐私的保护", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 23 日，美国众议院金融服务委员会发布了一项法案草案，旨在修订《格拉姆·利奇·比利法案》，纳入消费者数据保护措施。首先，该法案引入了数据收集和处理的限制，要求金融机构收集和存储数据必须获得客户的同意。其次，它将赋予消费者选择退出非公开数据收集并要求删除......的权利。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements for commercial satellite systems in Satellite Cybersecurity Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3511", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Satellite Cybersecurity Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卫星网络安全法对商业卫星系统的网络安全要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《卫星网络安全法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "12 March 2022", "title": "New York: draft regulations to amend general business law and address ''hateful conduct\" on social media", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/a7865/amendment/a", "description": "On 3 December 2022, the Bill A7865A requiring online platforms to establish a complaint mechanism is implemented. In particular, the Act defines hateful conduct and directs social media platforms operating in New York to provide and maintain a clear and easily accessible mechanism for users to report hateful content and conduct. According to the new provisions, the social media platforms that knowingly fail to comply with these requirements face a fine of USD 1000 per day.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约：起草法规修改一般商业法并解决社交媒体上的“仇恨行为”", "description_zh": "2022年12月3日，要求在线平台建立投诉机制的A7865A法案开始实施。特别是，该法案定义了仇恨行为，并指示在纽约运营的社交媒体平台提供和维护一个清晰且易于访问的机制，供用户报告仇恨内容和行为。根据新规定，故意不遵守这些要求的社交媒体平台将面临每天 1000 美元的罚款。" }, { "date": "30 June 2022", "title": "Copyright Protections for Press Publishers report", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/policy/publishersprotections/202206-Publishers-Protections-Study.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2022, the United States (US) Register of Copyright Office published a report evaluating the effectiveness of US copyright protections for press publishers. The study assesses the relationship between press publishers and news aggregators, as well as the current scope of copyright protection, limitations and exceptions. Furthermore, the report outlines different approaches in European countries to enable press publishers to benefit financially from third-party online news aggregatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新闻出版商的版权保护报告", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 30 日，美国版权局登记册发布了一份报告，评估美国对新闻出版商版权保护的有效性。该研究评估了新闻出版商和新闻聚合商之间的关系，以及当前版权保护、限制和例外的范围。此外，该报告概述了欧洲国家使新闻出版商能够从第三方在线新闻聚合中获得经济利益的不同方法..." }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "Presidential Memorandum Establishing the White House Task Force to Address Online Harassment and Abuse", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/06/16/fact-sheet-presidential-memorandum-establishing-the-white-house-task-force-to-address-online-harassment-and-abuse/", "description": "On June 16 2022, the President of the United States adopted a memorandum establishing a White House Task Force to Address Online Harassment and Abuse. The Task Force is launched in response to the United States' recent mass shooting that involved online harassment and abuse elements. In consultation with survivors, advocates, educators and experts, the Task Force will develop recommendations for different entities, including the Federal government, state governments, technology platforms, sch...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立白宫特别工作组以解决网络骚扰和虐待问题的总统备忘录", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 16 日，美国总统通过了一份备忘录，成立白宫特别工作组以解决网络骚扰和虐待问题。该工作组的成立是为了应对美国最近发生的涉及网络骚扰和虐待成分的大规模枪击事件。在与幸存者、倡导者、教育工作者和专家协商后，工作组将为不同实体制定建议，包括联邦政府、州政府、技术平台、学校……" }, { "date": "29 June 2022", "title": "Guidance on Protection of Reproductive Health Data in HIPAA Privacy Rule", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/phi-reproductive-health/index.html", "description": "On 29 June 2022, the US Department of Health & Human Services Office for Civil Rights (HHS OCR) published a guidance on the protection of reproductive health information. The guidance expands on cases in which entities covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) are permitted to share protected health information without the patient’s authorisation. The guidance focuses on three categories of disclosures, disclosures required by law, disclosures for law enforcem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HIPAA 隐私规则中生殖健康数据保护指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 29 日，美国卫生与公众服务部民权办公室 (HHS OCR) 发布了关于保护生殖健康信息的指南。该指南扩展了健康保险流通与责任法案 (HIPAA) 所涵盖的实体可以在未经患者授权的情况下共享受保护的健康信息的情况。该指南重点关注三类披露：法律要求的披露、执法部门的披露……" }, { "date": "7 May 2022", "title": "FTC Section 18 rulemaking on privacy, cybersecurity and algorithmic bias (2022)", "url": "https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202204&RIN=3084-AB69&mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGFK1dgV705vCYk1U95UIesv7mng1VFajrrhY0xz9ppnWeQyEr7ZtpliGMiC_QcrzDdxv8NLqahMYC56ynX_1lP1PjlFjiTTCsjyp0SknmUMbpq", "description": "On 5 July 2022, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it is considering new rulemakings under section 18 of the FTC Act, including rules concerning privacy, cybersecurity and unlawful discrimination through algorithmic decision-making. The abstract updates an earlier submission from 2021 and indicates that comments on this ANPR can be submitted until August 2022. Section 18 allows the FTC to designate acts as being unfair or deceptive commercial practices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 第 18 条关于隐私、网络安全和算法偏见的规则制定 (2022)", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 5 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布正在考虑根据《FTC 法案》第 18 条制定新规则，包括有关隐私、网络安全和通过算法决策进行非法歧视的规则。摘要更新了 2021 年之前提交的文件，并指出可以在 2022 年 8 月之前提交对此 ANPR 的评论。第 18 条允许 FTC 将行为指定为不公平或欺骗性商业行为。" }, { "date": "14 July 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity recommendations in NIST Controlled Unclassified Information series", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/05/nist-revises-sp-800-171-guidelines-protecting-sensitive-information", "description": "On 14 July 2023, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closed its public consultation regarding the revisions made to its preliminary guidelines for protecting sensitive unclassified information closed. The revisions are intended to improve the understanding of how to implement the specific cybersecurity safeguards provided in a closely related NIST publication called SP 800-53 Rev. 5. Noteworthy amendments include updates to reflect the current cybersecurity practices and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 受控非机密信息系列中的网络安全建议", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 14 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了关于保护敏感非机密信息初步指南修订的公众咨询。这些修订旨在加深对如何实施密切相关的 NIST 出版物 SP 800-53 Rev. 5 中提供的特定网络安全保障措施的理解。值得注意的修订包括反映当前网络安全实践的更新和……" }, { "date": "22 July 2022", "title": "Uber Non-Prosecution Agreement over Data Breach", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/uber-enters-non-prosecution-agreement", "description": "On 22 July 2022, the US Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California entered into a Non-Prosecution Agreement with Uber, ending the investigation into the company’s failure to report a data breach incident in 2016. In October and November 2016, Uber suffered a cyber attack and failed to disclose it until November 2017. Under the Agreement, Uber accepts responsibility for its conduct relating to the incident and agrees to cooperate in other related lawsuits and invest in preventiv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Uber 数据泄露不起诉协议", "description_zh": "2022年7月22日，美国加州北区检察官办公室与Uber签订了一份不起诉协议，结束了对该公司未能报告2016年数据泄露事件的调查。2016年10月和11月，Uber遭受了网络攻击，直到2017年11月才披露。根据该协议，Uber对其与该事件相关的行为承担责任，并同意配合其他相关诉讼并投资预防..." }, { "date": "8 January 2022", "title": "New York: Robinhood Crypto Cybersecurity Settlement", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2022/08/ea20220801_robinhood.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) announced that it has reached a settlement with Robinhood Crypto to close its investigation into the company. The consent order specifies that there were deficiencies in Robinhood's compliance program, critical failures in its cybersecurity program, and improper compliance certification. As a result of these violations, Robinhood has agreed to pay a fine of USD 30 million and hire an independent consultant to carry out a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约：Robinhood 加密网络安全解决方案", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 1 日，纽约金融服务部 (NYDFS) 宣布已与 Robinhood Crypto 达成和解，结束对该公司的调查。 该同意令指出，Robinhood 的合规计划存在缺陷、网络安全计划存在严重故障以及合规认证不当。由于这些违规行为，Robinhood 同意支付 3000 万美元的罚款，并聘请独立顾问进行调查……" }, { "date": "8 April 2022", "title": "Advisory note on the risks posed by Internet of Things devices in the healthcare sector", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/internet-of-things-security-analyst-note.pdf", "description": "On 4 August 2022, the Health Sector Cybersecurity Coordination Center of the United States Department of Health and Human Services published an advisory note on the risks posed by the Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the healthcare sector. The note stresses that there is an increase in security vulnerabilities due to the increasing use of IoT devices in the healthcare sector and noted that IoT can increase the attack surface if preventive security measures are not implemented. The adviso...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于医疗保健领域物联网设备带来的风险的咨询说明", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 4 日，美国卫生与公众服务部卫生部门网络安全协调中心发布了一份关于医疗保健领域物联网 (IoT) 设备带来的风险的咨询说明。该说明强调，由于医疗保健领域越来越多地使用物联网设备，安全漏洞也随之增加，并指出，如果不实施预防性安全措施，物联网可能会增加攻击面。建议..." }, { "date": "19 September 2022", "title": "Guide to a Secure Enterprise Network Landscapes", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/News/2022/nist-requests-comments-on-draft-sp-800-215", "description": "On 19 September 2022, the US Computer Security Resource Center (NIST) closed its public consultation on its \"Guide to a Secure Enterprise Network Landscape\". An enterprise network is a collection of virtual and physical networks that enable users to connect to applications in the cloud or access network data. The guide outlines the security risks and lists preventive security solutions through traditional and newer appliances for providers to ensure the security of their network.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安全企业网络环境指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 19 日，美国计算机安全资源中心 (NIST) 结束了其《安全企业网络环境指南》的公众咨询。企业网络是虚拟和物理网络的集合，使用户能够连接到云中的应用程序或访问网络数据。该指南概述了安全风险，并列出了通过传统和新型设备为提供商提供的预防性安全解决方案，以确保其网络的安全。" }, { "date": "18 December 2020", "title": "Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (SB 945)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/945/all-actions?overview=closed#tabs", "description": "On 18 December 2020, S.945, the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, containing regulations on reporting requirements of foreign companies, was implemented after it was signed into law by the US president. The Act applies to companies issuing securities which cannot be fully inspected by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board because they maintain an accounting firm in a foreign jurisdiction where local rules prevent a full inspection. Such companies are required to certify to th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "外国公司问责法 (SB 945)", "description_zh": "2020年12月18日，S.945《外国公司问责法案》包含有关外国公司报告要求的规定，经美国总统签署成为法律后开始实施。该法案适用于发行证券而无法接受上市公司会计监督委员会全面检查的公司，因为这些公司在外国司法管辖区设有会计师事务所，而当地规则不允许进行全面检查。此类公司需要证明..." }, { "date": "14 April 2022", "title": "Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into Weibo for limited access to corporate records", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/hfcaa", "description": "On 14 April 2022, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) listed the Chinese social media platform Weibo, which is now at risk of being removed from US exchanges for failing to disclose financial audits and whether they are controlled by a government entity. The list is based on the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (S 945) which explains how foreign companies listed on US exchanges must disclose their financial audits and whether they are owned by a government entity. The Pub...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会因微博有限访问公司记录而对微博进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 14 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 将中国社交媒体平台微博列入名单，该平台因未能披露财务审计以及是否由政府实体控制而面临被从美国交易所除名的风险。该清单基于《外国公司控股责任法案》(S 945)，该法案解释了在美国交易所上市的外国公司必须如何披露其财务审计以及它们是否属于政府实体。酒吧..." }, { "date": "21 November 2022", "title": "FTC Commercial Surveillance and Data Security Rulemaking", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/10/20/2022-22813/trade-regulation-rule-on-commercial-surveillance-and-data-security", "description": "On 21 November 2022, the public consultation closes on the Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR), following the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) decision to extend the comment period from 21 October 2022. In particular, the FTC focused on whether the Commission should adopt new rules governing the collection, compilation, protection, use, analysis, and retention of consumer data by businesses. The ANPR consultation sought comments on the following topics: harms to consumers and child...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 商业监控和数据安全规则制定", "description_zh": "继美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 决定将意见征询期从 2022 年 10 月 21 日起延长后，拟议规则制定预先通知 (ANPR) 的公众咨询于 2022 年 11 月 21 日结束。特别是，FTC 关注的是委员会是否应采用新规则来管理企业收集、编译、保护、使用、分析和保留消费者数据。 ANPR 咨询征求对以下主题的意见：对消费者和儿童的伤害……" }, { "date": "1 October 2022", "title": "Securities and Exchange Commission adopts Amendments finalizing Rules implementing Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-250", "description": "On 10 January 2022, the amendments to its interim measures implementing the disclosure and submission requirements outlined in the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (HFCA Act) enter into force. The amendments state that companies issuing securities in the United States that maintain an accounting firm in a foreign jurisdiction where local rules prevent a full inspection, have to submit documents to demonstrate that they are not owned or controlled by a foreign governmental entity. Fur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "证券交易委员会通过修正案，最终确定《外国公司问责法案》的实施细则", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 10 日，实施《外国公司控股责任法案》（HFCA 法案）中规定的披露和提交要求的临时措施修正案生效。修正案规定，在美国发行证券的公司如果在当地规则不允许进行全面检查的外国司法管辖区设有会计师事务所，则必须提交文件以证明它们不属于外国政府实体所有或控制。毛皮..." }, { "date": "24 August 2022", "title": "California Attorney General investigation into Sephora over alleged non-compliance with California Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-settlement-sephora-part-ongoing-enforcement", "description": "On 24 August 2022, the California Attorney General announced that it had reached a settlement with Sephora, closing its investigation into the e-commerce platform’s non-compliance with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The Attorney General opened its investigation, alleging that the e-commerce platform failed to inform its customers that it was selling their personal information and did not process the opt-out of personal data sale requests from its users. According to the settlemen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州总检察长对丝芙兰涉嫌不遵守《加州消费者隐私法》进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 24 日，加州总检察长宣布与丝芙兰达成和解，结束对该电子商务平台违反加州消费者隐私法 (CCPA) 的调查。总检察长展开调查，指控该电子商务平台未能告知客户其正在出售其个人信息，也没有处理用户选择退出个人数据出售的请求。据定居者称..." }, { "date": "15 July 2024", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Kochava for allegedly selling geolocation data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/ftc-v-kochava-inc", "description": "On 15 July 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed an amended complaint in the public lawsuit against Kochava Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Collective Data Solutions, LLC (CDS). The lawsuit follows a previous motion that was dismissed by the United States District Court for the District of Idaho in February 2024, which has now been overturned, allowing the FTC to proceed with its enforcement action against Kochava and CDS. The lawsuit alleges Kochava of having violated Section ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会因涉嫌出售地理定位数据而对 Kochava 提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 15 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 在针对 Kochava Inc. 及其全资子公司 Collective Data Solutions, LLC (CDS) 的公开诉讼中提交了修改后的申诉。该诉讼是在 2024 年 2 月被美国爱达荷州地方法院驳回的一项动议之后发起的，该动议现已被推翻，允许 FTC 继续对 Kochava 和 CDS 采取执法行动。该诉讼指控科查瓦违反了第..." }, { "date": "29 August 2022", "title": "FBI warning on cybersecurity vulnerabilities of decentralized finance platforms", "url": "https://www.ic3.gov/Media/Y2022/PSA220829", "description": "On 29 August 2022, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation issued a warning regarding cybersecurity vulnerabilities in decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. The FBI noted the increasing prevalence of cyber criminals exploiting the security vulnerabilities of smart contracts to commit theft on DeFi platforms. As a result, the FBI recommended a number of measures, such as code audits, real-time analytics, and incident response plans, which both users and DeFi platform owners can fol...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FBI就去中心化金融平台的网络安全漏洞发出警告", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 29 日，美国联邦调查局就去中心化金融（DeFi）平台的网络安全漏洞发出警告。 FBI 指出，网络犯罪分子利用智能合约的安全漏洞在 DeFi 平台上进行盗窃的现象日益普遍。因此，FBI 推荐了一系列措施，例如代码审计、实时分析和事件响应计划，用户和 DeFi 平台所有者都可以遵循这些措施。" }, { "date": "31 August 2022", "title": "Senate Bill 746 including transparency requirements for online advocacy and advertisements", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB746", "description": "On 31 August 2022, the SB-746 was adopted by the California State Legislature after passing both legislative chambers, and it will be sent to the Governor for signing. The Bill would require online platforms to submit annual reports to the Secretary of State if they altered the search results in order to prioritize political advertisements or political advocacy posts.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "参议院第 746 号法案包括在线宣传和广告的透明度要求", "description_zh": "2022年8月31日，SB-746在两院通过后获得加州州议会通过，并将送交州长签署。该法案将要求在线平台如果为了优先考虑政治广告或政治宣传帖子而改变搜索结果，则必须向国务卿提交年度报告。" }, { "date": "25 August 2022", "title": "FCC investigation into mobile carriers for compliance with rules on geolocation data", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-386596A1.pdf", "description": "On 25 August 2022, the chair of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced an investigation into mobile carriers for compliance with FCC rules on geolocation data. Specifically, the investigation is based on a previous FCC consultation of mobile carriers and concerns their compliance with FCC rules requiring full disclosure to consumers of how they use and share geolocation data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 对移动运营商遵守地理定位数据规则的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 25 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 主席宣布对移动运营商是否遵守 FCC 关于地理位置数据的规则进行调查。具体来说，此次调查是基于 FCC 之前对移动运营商的咨询，关注的是他们是否遵守 FCC 规则，要求向消费者充分披露他们如何使用和共享地理定位数据。" }, { "date": "9 August 2022", "title": "Principles for Enhancing Competition and Tech Platform Accountability", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/09/08/readout-of-white-house-listening-session-on-tech-platform-accountability/", "description": "On 8 September 2022, the White House announced six principles for reform for enhancing competition and accountability of technology platforms after a listening session with experts and practitioners on the harms caused by technology platforms and the need for greater accountability. The principles are: \n(1) promoting competition in the technology sector by combatting market exclusion and passing anti-trust laws; \n(2) passing federal privacy protection; \n(3) ensuring protection of minors onlin...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加强竞争和技术平台责任的原则", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 8 日，白宫在与专家和从业者就技术平台造成的危害以及加强问责制的必要性举行听证会后，宣布了旨在加强技术平台竞争和问责的六项改革原则。原则是： \n(1) 通过打击市场排斥和通过反垄断法来促进技术领域的竞争； \n(2) 通过联邦隐私保护； \n（三）切实保护未成年人上网..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "US Securing Open Source Software Act of 2022 to protect open-source software", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4913/", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Securing Open Source Software Act of 2022 was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国 2022 年《开源软件安全法案》旨在保护开源软件", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《2022 年保护开源软件法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "22 September 2022", "title": "NSA, CISA joint advisory document on cyber threats to infrastructure and industrial systems", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2022/Sep/22/2003083007/-1/-1/0/CSA_ICS_Know_the_Opponent_.PDF", "description": "On 22 September 2022, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Security Agency (NSA) published a joint advisory document titled \"Control System Defence: Know the Opponent\" on cyber threats to operational technology (OT) and industrial control system (ICS) assets. In particular, the document first identifies the steps that malicious actors take to OT and ICS assets and then provides recommendations for countering these attacks. The joint advisory document hi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NSA、CISA 关于基础设施和工业系统网络威胁的联合咨询文件", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 22 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 和国家安全局 (NSA) 发布了一份题为“控制系统防御：了解对手”的联合咨询文件，内容涉及对运营技术 (OT) 和工业控制系统 (ICS) 资产的网络威胁。特别是，该文件首先确定了恶意行为者对 OT 和 ICS 资产采取的步骤，然后提供了应对这些攻击的建议。联合咨询文件..." }, { "date": "1 October 2023", "title": "Bill including rules on predictive analytics in hiring (HB1811)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1811&GAID=16&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=110&GA=102", "description": "On 10 January 2023, House Bill 1181 including rules on predictive analytics in hiring was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. It would have added amendments to the Equal Pay Act and the Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act. These amendments would have provided that the use of predictive data analytics could not have included inferences about the race or postcode of the applicant/employee. In addition, an amendment would have been added to am...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "包含招聘预测分析规则的法案 (HB1811)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 10 日，众议院第 1181 号法案（包括招聘预测分析规则）因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被拒绝。它将对《同工同酬法》和《消费者欺诈和欺骗性商业行为法》进行修订。这些修正案规定，预测数据分析的使用不能包括对申请人/雇员的种族或邮政编码的推断。此外，还将添加一项修正案..." }, { "date": "19 January 2022", "title": "Act amending Labor Law regarding technology use (AB 2414)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2021/A2414", "description": "On 19 January 2021, the Act to amend the Labor Law (AB 2414) was introduced to the Assembly of New York. The Bill would create the \"commission on the future of work\" to research and understand the impact of technology on workers, employers, and the economy of the state. Primarily, it addresses the use and impact of technological innovation, including automation and artificial intelligence on employment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于技术使用的劳动法修正案 (AB 2414)", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 19 日，《劳动法修正案》（AB 2414）被提交给纽约议会。该法案将成立“未来工作委员会”来研究和了解技术对工人、雇主和国家经济的影响。它主要讨论技术创新的使用和影响，包括自动化和人工智能对就业的影响。" }, { "date": "31 August 2022", "title": "California AG Inquiry into Racial and Ethnic Bias in Healthcare Algorithms", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-launches-inquiry-racial-and-ethnic-bias-healthcare", "description": "On 31 August 2022, the California Attorney General launched an inquiry into racial and ethnic bias in commercial healthcare algorithms. The inquiry aims to establish the effects of such algorithms on disparities in access to healthcare. To this end, the inquiry requested information on decision-making tools, software and algorithmic methodologies used in healthcare facilities as well as the protocols for their usage and their purpose and influence on procedures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州 AG 调查医疗保健算法中的种族和民族偏见", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 31 日，加州总检察长对商业医疗算法中的种族和民族偏见发起调查。该调查旨在确定此类算法对获得医疗保健的差异的影响。为此，调查要求提供有关医疗机构中使用的决策工具、软件和算法方法及其使用协议、目的和对程序的影响的信息。" }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "California law on mental health digital services and mental health application information (AB 2089)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2089", "description": "On 1 January 2023, Assembly Bill (AB) 2089 on mental health privacy was implemented. The Bill amends the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act (CMIA) by revising the definition of medical information to include mental health application information. As a result, providers will be prohibited from sharing, selling, or using mental health application information for any purpose not necessary for providing healthcare services to a patient. According to the proposed amendments of t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州心理健康数字服务和心理健康应用信息法 (AB 2089)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 1 日，关于心理健康隐私的议会法案 (AB) 2089 开始实施。该法案修订了《加州医疗信息保密法》(CMIA)，修改了医疗信息的定义，将心理健康申请信息包括在内。因此，提供者将被禁止出于向患者提供医疗保健服务以外的任何目的共享、出售或使用心理健康应用程序信息。根据拟议的修正案..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cryptocurrency Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/4985/", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cryptocurrency Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加密货币网络安全信息共享法", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《加密货币网络安全信息共享法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Colorado Privacy Act Rules (CPA)", "url": "https://coag.gov/resources/colorado-privacy-act/#:~:text=The%20Colorado%20Privacy%20Act%20rules,standard%20Administrative%20Procedure%20Act%20process.", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the requirements regarding opt-out mechanisms and consent requirements under the Colorado Privacy Act Rules are implemented. Specifically, processors are required to respect opt-out requests received through Universal Opt-Out Mechanisms. Further, processors are required to obtain consent to continue processing sensitive information collected before the initial implementation date of the Colorado Privacy Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州隐私法规则 (CPA)", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，《科罗拉多州隐私法规则》中有关选择退出机制和同意要求的要求开始实施。具体来说，处理者必须尊重通过通用选择退出机制收到的选择退出请求。此外，处理者必须获得同意才能继续处理在科罗拉多州隐私法首次实施日期之前收集的敏感信息。" }, { "date": "10 July 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in Executive Order On Enhancing Safeguards For United States Signals Intelligence Activities", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/10/07/executive-order-on-enhancing-safeguards-for-united-states-signals-intelligence-activities/", "description": "On 7 October 2022, US President Joe Biden adopted the Executive Order On Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities, including data protection regulations for US signals intelligence activities. The Executive Order is intended to implement US commitments under the US-EU Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework to improve privacy and civil liberties protections in relation to signals intelligence activities. The Executive Order establishes the principles by which signa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加强美国信号情报活动保障措施的行政命令中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 7 日，美国总统乔·拜登通过了《关于加强美国信号情报活动保障的行政命令》，包括针对美国信号情报活动的数据保护法规。该行政命令旨在履行美国在美国-欧盟跨大西洋数据隐私框架下的承诺，以改善与信号情报活动相关的隐私和公民自由保护。行政命令确立了签署的原则..." }, { "date": "20 September 2022", "title": "NIST Profile of the IoT Core Baseline for Consumer Products", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2022/NIST.IR.8425.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2022, the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) published the document “Profile of the IoT Core Baseline for Consumer Products”. The document establishes the cybersecurity standards required in consumer IoT sector. The core baseline is intended as a guideline for manufacturers to work out the level of cybersecurity required for their specific IoT products.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 消费品物联网核心基准简介", "description_zh": "2022年9月20日，美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）发布了《消费产品物联网核心基线概况》文件。该文件制定了消费物联网领域所需的网络安全标准。核心基线旨在作为制造商确定其特定物联网产品所需的网络安全级别的指南。" }, { "date": "6 November 2023", "title": "Office of Management and Budget Security Rules for Federal Government Software Suppliers outlining cybersecurity standards", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/M-22-18.pdf", "description": "On 11 June 2023, the requirement obliging federal agencies to collect in a centralised system cybersecurity attestation letters outlined in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum \"Enhancing the Security of the Software Supply Chain through Secure Software Development Practices\" comes into force. The Memorandum requires every federal agency to comply with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidance when using third-party software. The software that fall under ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦政府软件供应商管理和预算安全规则概述网络安全标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 11 日，管理和预算办公室 (OMB) 备忘录“通过安全软件开发实践增强软件供应链的安全性”中概述的要求联邦机构在集中式系统中收集网络安全证明函的要求生效。该备忘录要求每个联邦机构在使用第三方软件时遵守美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 的指导。该软件属于..." }, { "date": "25 October 2022", "title": "DOJ and Google Agreement to Improve Legal Process Compliance Program", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/google-enters-stipulated-agreement-improve-legal-process-compliance-program", "description": "On 25 October 2022, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) entered an agreement with Google to ameliorate its legal compliance process. This agreement has been created since Google admitted to the loss of data when the DOJ obtained a search warrant in 2016. To facilitate the process of compliance with court orders, supporting criminal investigations, and following up on search warrants, an Independent Compliance Professional will become part of Google's legal team. That Compliance Professional ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DOJ 和 Google 同意改进法律程序合规计划", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 25 日，美国司法部 (DOJ) 与 Google 达成协议，以改善其法律合规流程。该协议是自 Google 在 2016 年 DOJ 获得搜查令时承认数据丢失以来制定的。为了促进遵守法院命令、支持刑事调查和跟进搜查令的流程，一名独立合规专业人员将成为 Google 法律团队的一部分。该合规专业人员..." }, { "date": "15 September 2022", "title": "Executive Order on Ensuring Robust Consideration of Evolving National Security Risks by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/15/executive-order-on-ensuring-robust-consideration-of-evolving-national-security-risks-by-the-committee-on-foreign-investment-in-the-united-states/", "description": "On 15 September 2022, the US White House published the “Executive Order on Ensuring Robust Consideration of Evolving National Security Risks by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US”, including cybersecurity regulations in relation to foreign investment. The Executive Order provides guidance to the Committee on Foreign Investment (CFIUS) in their review of transactions that may present risks to national security from foreign investments involving countries that pursue the strategic go...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于确保美国外国投资委员会充分考虑不断变化的国家安全风险的行政命令", "description_zh": "2022年9月15日，美国白宫发布了《关于确保美国外国投资委员会充分考虑不断变化的国家安全风险的行政命令》，其中包括与外国投资相关的网络安全法规。该行政命令为外国投资委员会（CFIUS）审查可能对涉及追求战略目标的国家的外国投资带来国家安全风险的交易提供指导。" }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "CISA Cybersecurity Performance Goals for Critical Infrastructure (CPGs)", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/2022_00092_CISA_CPG_Report_508c.pdf", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued the Cybersecurity Performance Goals for Critical Infrastructure (CPGs), developed by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). The goals apply to infrastructure providers and they aim to provide a set of recommended actions to help companies organise their cybersecurity investments and address the cybersecurity risk faced by critical infrastructures. Firstly, the CPGs include actions to strengthen account ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 关键基础设施 (CPG) 的网络安全绩效目标", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 27 日，国土安全部 (DHS) 发布了由网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 制定的关键基础设施 (CPG) 的网络安全绩效目标。这些目标适用于基础设施提供商，旨在提供一系列建议行动，帮助企业组织网络安全投资并解决关键基础设施面临的网络安全风险。首先，CPG 包括加强账户的行动……" }, { "date": "28 July 2021", "title": "National Security Memorandum on Improving Cybersecurity for Critical Infrastructure Control Systems", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/07/28/national-security-memorandum-on-improving-cybersecurity-for-critical-infrastructure-control-systems/", "description": "On 28 July 2021, US President Joe Biden released a National Security Memorandum aimed at improving cybersecurity for critical infrastructure control systems. The memorandum sets out the US government's goals for addressing cybersecurity threats to critical infrastructure and is divided into five sections: Policy, Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Initiative, Furthering the Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity Initiative, Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity Performance Goals and G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于改善关键基础设施控制系统网络安全的国家安全备忘录", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 28 日，美国总统乔·拜登发布了一份国家安全备忘录，旨在改善关键基础设施控制系统的网络安全。该备忘录阐述了美国政府应对关键基础设施网络安全威胁的目标，分为五个部分：政策、工业控制系统网络安全倡议、推进工业控制系统网络安全倡议、关键基础设施网络安全绩效目标和全球战略。" }, { "date": "1 October 2023", "title": "Investigation into Drizly for alleged cybersecurity failures", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2023185-drizly-combined-consent.pdf", "description": "On 10 January 2023, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had issued a finalised order against the alcohol delivery service provider Drizly and its CEO. In its final ruling, the FTC requires Drizly to delete any collected personal data that has no connection to the service the company provides. The ruling specifies that Drizly cannot collect any data that does not serve a specific purpose in providing services and follow its retention policy. Additionally, Drizly will be req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 Drizly 涉嫌网络安全失败的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 10 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布已对酒类配送服务提供商 Drizly 及其首席执行官发出最终命令。在其最终裁决中，FTC 要求 Drizly 删除任何收集到的与该公司提供的服务无关的个人数据。该裁决规定，Drizly 不得收集任何不用于提供服务的特定目的的数据，并遵守其保留政策。此外，Drizly 将需要..." }, { "date": "16 August 2022", "title": "Lawsuit regarding use of web analytics under the Pennsylvania Wiretap Act (Popa v. Harriet Carter Gifts Inc.)", "url": "http://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/212203p.pdf", "description": "On 16 August 2022, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued its opinion on the case Popa v. Harriet Carter Gifts Inc. In 2018, the claimant, Ashley Popa, added to her online cart an item from Harriet Carter Gifts’ website without completing the purchase. In this process, Harriet Carter was using a third-party marketing service named NaviStone to track Popa’s activities on the website. In 2019, Popa sued both Harriet Carter and NaviStone for violation of Pennsylvania’s Wiretapping ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于根据宾夕法尼亚窃听法使用网络分析的诉讼（Popa 诉 Harriet Carter Gifts Inc.）", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 16 日，美国第三巡回上诉法院就 Popa 诉 Harriet Carter Gifts Inc 案发表意见。2018 年，原告 Ashley Popa 将 Harriet Carter Gifts 网站上的一件商品添加到她的在线购物车，但未完成购买。在此过程中，Harriet Carter 使用名为 NaviStone 的第三方营销服务来跟踪 Popa 在网站上的活动。 2019 年，Popa 起诉 Harriet Carter 和 NaviStone 违反宾夕法尼亚州窃听法……" }, { "date": "31 October 2022", "title": "NLRB Memorandum on Electronic Monitoring and Algorithmic Management of Employees", "url": "https://www.nlrb.gov/news-outreach/news-story/nlrb-general-counsel-issues-memo-on-unlawful-electronic-surveillance-and", "description": "On 31 October 2022, General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) issued a Memorandum called “Electronic Monitoring and Algorithmic Management of Employees Interfering with the Exercise of Section 7 Rights” (Memorandum). The Memorandum proposes an interagency approach to address the implementation of new technologies in the workplace. In particular, the proposal outlines a plan to protect employees from intrusive or abusive electronic monitoring and automated m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NLRB 关于员工电子监控和算法管理的备忘录", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 31 日，国家劳动关系委员会 (NLRB) 总法律顾问 Jennifer Abruzzo 发布了一份名为“对干扰第 7 条权利行使的员工的电子监控和算法管理”的备忘录（备忘录）。该备忘录提出了一种机构间方法来解决工作场所新技术的实施问题。该提案特别概述了一项保护员工免受侵入性或滥用性电子监控和自动化监控的计划。" }, { "date": "27 January 2023", "title": "FTC investigation of Chegg Inc. data breach", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/01/ftc-finalizes-order-ed-tech-provider-chegg-lax-security-exposed-student-data?utm_source=govdelivery", "description": "On 27 January 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced the conclusion of an investigation into the educational technology provider, Chegg Inc., due to inadequate security practices which resulted in the exposure of personal data, including sensitive information, of many users. The order requires Chegg Inc., among other points, to establish a comprehensive security program, ensure contractual obligations of third-party service providers towards personal data, implement certain cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Chegg Inc. 数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 27 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布结束对教育技术提供商 Chegg Inc. 的调查，原因是安全措施不足，导致许多用户的个人数据（包括敏感信息）暴露。该命令要求 Chegg Inc. 除其他外，建立全面的安全计划，确保第三方服务提供商对个人数据的合同义务，实施某些网络安全……" }, { "date": "24 October 2022", "title": "Lawsuit against Reddit over alleged sex trafficking facilitation (Does v. Reddit Inc.)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2022/10/24/21-56293.pdf", "description": "On 24 October 2022, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a ruling regarding allegations by individuals against the company Reddit of aiding and abetting trafficking in sexually explicit content depicting minors. The appellate ruling states that plaintiffs, in order to to obtain damages for sex trafficking, must prove that the conduct of the website itself - and not its users - violated 18 U.S.C. § 1591 (Sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion). W...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Reddit 涉嫌协助性交易的诉讼（Does v. Reddit Inc.）", "description_zh": "2022 年 10 月 24 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院就个人指控 Reddit 公司协助和教唆贩运未成年人露骨色情内容的指控作出裁决。上诉裁决指出，原告为了获得性贩运损害赔偿，必须证明该网站本身（而不是其用户）的行为违反了《美国法典》第 18 条。 § 1591（儿童性交易或通过武力、欺诈或胁迫）。瓦..." }, { "date": "11 October 2022", "title": "California: Class action against Facebook for Internet tracking", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cand-5_12-md-02314/pdf/USCOURTS-cand-5_12-md-02314-14.pdf", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the US District Court for the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, granted final approval in a class settlement against Facebook over the platform’s unlawful tracking of users’ activities on non-Facebook pages through the use of the “Like” button. The class action was filed on 30 September 2011 and although Facebook has denied any improper collection of data, it reached a settlement to avoid further costs and risks associated to the case. Under the terms of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州：针对 Facebook 互联网跟踪的集体诉讼", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 10 日，美国加利福尼亚州北区圣何塞分院最终批准了针对 Facebook 的集体和解，指控该平台通过使用“点赞”按钮非法跟踪用户在非 Facebook 页面上的活动。该集体诉讼于 2011 年 9 月 30 日提起，尽管 Facebook 否认有任何不当收集数据的行为，但仍达成和解，以避免与此案相关的进一步成本和风险。根据...的条款" }, { "date": "21 November 2022", "title": "Attorneys General letter to Apple on protection of reproductive health data by App Store applications", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases22/2022-1121_Apple-final-signature-blocks.pdf", "description": "On 21 November 2022, 10 US State Attorneys General sent a letter to Apple expressing their concerns over the protection of consumers’ private reproductive health information by App Store applications after the US Supreme Court's decision overturning Roe v. Wade's enshrinement of the right to abortion. In particular, they addressed the issue of third-party apps collecting consumers’ private reproductive health data, and requested the implementation of protection measures against the misuse of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长就 App Store 应用程序保护生殖健康数据致苹果公司的信函", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 21 日，美国最高法院推翻罗伊诉韦德案中关于堕胎权的裁决后，美国 10 州总检察长致信苹果公司，表达了他们对 App Store 应用程序保护消费者私人生殖健康信息的担忧。他们特别解决了第三方应用程序收集消费者私人生殖健康数据的问题，并要求采取保护措施，防止滥用……" }, { "date": "17 November 2022", "title": "CISA, NSA and ODNI Guidance for Customers on Securing the Software Supply Chain", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2022/Nov/17/2003116445/-1/-1/0/ESF_SECURING_THE_SOFTWARE_SUPPLY_CHAIN_CUSTOMER.PDF", "description": "On 17 November, the “Guidance for Customers on Securing the Software Supply Chain” was published jointly by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). The Guidance addresses vulnerabilities in the software supply chain that pose risks to organisations and includes recommended practices that customers should apply in the acquisition, deployment, and operational stages of a soft...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA、NSA 和 ODNI 为客户提供的软件供应链安全指南", "description_zh": "11月17日，网络安全和基础设施安全局（CISA）、国家安全局（NSA）和国家情报总监办公室（ODNI）联合发布了《客户软件供应链安全指南》。该指南解决了软件供应链中对组织构成风险的漏洞，并包括客户应在软件的采购、部署和运营阶段应用的建议实践..." }, { "date": "22 April 2024", "title": "HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2024/04/22/biden-harris-administration-issues-new-rule-support-reproductive-health-care-privacy-under-hipaa.html", "description": "On 22 April, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced the adoption of the final HIPAA rule, entitled HIPAA Privacy Rule to Support Reproductive Health Care Privacy. The Rule applies to the regulated entities, which include a large proportion of health care providers, health plans, health care clearinghouses and business associates. The Rule aims to strengthen the Health Insurance Portability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Portability Rule by prohibiting the use or disclosure of pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "支持生殖健康保健隐私的 HIPAA 隐私规则", "description_zh": "4 月 22 日，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 宣布通过最终的 HIPAA 规则，名为支持生殖健康保健隐私的 HIPAA 隐私规则。该规则适用于受监管实体，其中包括大部分医疗保健提供者、健康计划、医疗保健信息交换所和商业伙伴。该规则旨在通过禁止使用或披露专业信息来加强 1996 年健康保险流通法案 (HIPAA) 的流通规则。" }, { "date": "12 January 2022", "title": "US Federal Election Commission Regulations on Disclaimers on Internet Public Communications", "url": "https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/mtgdoc-22-52-B.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the US Federal Election Commission approved the \"Draft Final Rule and Explanation and Justification for Internet Communications Disclaimers\". The new Rule requires a clear disclaimer to appear on certain public political communications placed for a fee on a website, digital device, application, or advertising platform. Certain communications will be allowed to include an \"adapted disclaimer\" when a full disclaimer cannot be provided or would occupy more than 25% of the com...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国联邦选举委员会关于互联网公共通信免责声明的规定", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 1 日，美国联邦选举委员会批准了《最终规则草案以及互联网通信免责声明的解释和理由》。新规则要求在网站、数字设备、应用程序或广告平台上收费的某些公共政治通讯中出现明确的免责声明。当无法提供完整的免责声明或将占据超过 25% 的内容时，某些通信将被允许包含“改编的免责声明”。" }, { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "Mora v. J&M Platin on BIPA Data Retention Disclosure Requirements", "url": "https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/226f9537-01b5-4eef-95b5-cd7025b3f1fa/Mora%20v.%20J&M%20Plating,%20Inc.,%202022%20IL%20App%20(2d)%20210692.pdf", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Appellate Court of Illinois issued its judgment in the case of Mora v. J&M Platin, reversing the judgment of the circuit court of Winnebago County and remanded for further proceedings. The case concerned a controversy about alleged Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) violations act by J&M, particularly sections 15(a) and 15(b), regarding retention, collection, disclosure and destruction of data. Specifically, the Appellate Court found that entities subject to the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mora 诉 J&M Platin 关于 BIPA 数据保留披露要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 30 日，伊利诺伊州上诉法院就 Mora 诉 J&M Platin 案作出判决，推翻了温尼贝戈县巡回法院的判决，并发回重审以进一步审理。该案件涉及 J&M 涉嫌违反《生物识别信息隐私法》(BIPA) 的争议，特别是有关数据保留、收集、披露和销毁的第 15(a) 和 15(b) 条。具体来说，上诉法院发现，受..." }, { "date": "12 January 2022", "title": "US Federal Election Commission Rule on Technological Modernization", "url": "https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/mtgdoc-22-52-B.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the US Federal Election Commission issued a \"Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Technological Modernization\" and announced it would open a public consultation on rules. The Technological Modernization Rule would modernize the agency's regulations on certain technological issues for their application to the Federal Election Campaign Act's disclaimer requirements to general public political advertising on the Internet. In particular, the Commission will seek comme...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国联邦选举委员会关于技术现代化的规则", "description_zh": "2022年12月1日，美国联邦选举委员会发布《关于拟议技术现代化规则制定的补充通知》，宣布将就规则公开征求意见。技术现代化规则将使该机构对某些技术问题的法规现代化，以适用于《联邦竞选法》对互联网上一般公共政治广告的免责声明要求。特别是，委员会将寻求商..." }, { "date": "12 July 2022", "title": "Lawsuit against Tiktok over alleged unfair and deceptive statements regarding content displayed to minors", "url": "https://public.courts.in.gov/mycase/#/vw/CaseSummary/eyJ2Ijp7IkNhc2VUb2tlbiI6IlFlWU5mazdSTTlSaTFZMXJwLXp1RWVfbjg5dk1xN191TzN1c1FOVVR1RnMxIn19", "description": "On 7 December 2022, the Attorney General (AG) of Indiana filed a public lawsuit in the Superior Court of Allen County against Tiktok and its parent company Bytedance. The lawsuit alleges that Tiktok intentionally misleads its users and their parents by promoting that the content displayed on their platform is safe for children between the ages of 13 to 17 years old. According to the lawsuit, the Tiktok algorithm promotes content depicting \"alcohol, tobacco, and drugs; sexual content, nudity, ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Tiktok 的诉讼，指控其向未成年人展示的内容存在不公平和欺骗性陈述", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 7 日，印第安纳州总检察长（AG）向艾伦县高等法院对 Tiktok 及其母公司字节跳动提起公开诉讼。该诉讼称，Tiktok 宣传其平台上显示的内容对 13 至 17 岁儿童来说是安全的，故意误导用户及其父母。根据诉讼，Tiktok 算法推广描绘“酒精、烟草和毒品；性内容、裸体……”的内容。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act including TikTok ban (117. Congress)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/5245/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22marco+rubio%22%2C%22marco%22%2C%22rubio%22%5D%7D&r=2&s=3", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the \"Averting the National Threat of Internet Surveillance, Oppressive Censorship and Influence, and Algorithmic Learning by the Chinese Communist Party Act\" (ANTI-SOCIAL CCP Act) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "反社会中共法案，包括 TikTok 禁令（117. 国会）", "description_zh": "2023年1月3日，《避免中国共产党对互联网监控、压制性审查和影响以及算法学习的国家威胁法案》（反社会中共法案）因未能在第117届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "14 December 2022", "title": "Office of the Director of National Intelligence Implementation Procedures for the Signals Intelligence Redress Mechanism Under Executive Order 14086", "url": "https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/ICD/ICD_126-Implementation-Procedures-for-SIGINT-Redress-Mechanism.pdf", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence of the United States adopted the public Intelligence Community Directive 126 Implementation Procedures for the Signals Intelligence Redress Mechanism under Executive Order 14086. The Directive implements data the protection measures outlined in the order Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities issued on 7 October 2022. In particular, the Directive includes the process for the submission of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家情报总监办公室根据第 14086 号行政命令实施信号情报补救机制程序", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 14 日，美国国家情报总监办公室通过了第 14086 号行政命令下的公共情报界指令 126 信号情报补救机制实施程序。该指令实施了 2022 年 10 月 7 日发布的加强美国信号情报活动保障措施中概述的数据保护措施。特别是，该指令包括提交..." }, { "date": "19 December 2022", "title": "FTC investigation into Epic Games regarding alleged data protection regulation violations", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/1923203EpicGamesComplaint.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2022, the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached an agreement with Epic Games, the developer of the video game Fortnite, to settle allegations and close its investigation regarding privacy violations. The FTC claimed that Epic Games violated the Children Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). According to the FTC, the company collected personal data from Fortnite users, including data of children under the age of 13. The claims include that E...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Epic Games 涉嫌违反数据保护法规的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 19 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布已与视频游戏《堡垒之夜》开发商 Epic Games 达成协议，以和解指控并结束有关侵犯隐私的调查。 FTC 声称 Epic Games 违反了《儿童在线隐私保护法》(COPPA)。据 FTC 称，该公司收集了《堡垒之夜》用户的个人数据，其中包括 13 岁以下儿童的数据。指控包括 E..." }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Cooper Davis Act outlining content moderation requirements for electronic communication service providers", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/5297/text?r=1&s=2", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the Cooper Davis Act was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourns.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "库珀戴维斯法案概述了电子通信服务提供商的内容审核要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，《库珀戴维斯法案》因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "New Jersey: Children's Social Media Privacy Act (A4919 / S3493)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/S3493", "description": "On 19 January 2023, Bill S3493 concerning social media privacy and data management for children was introduced in the New Jersey State Senate. S3493 is the companion bill of A4919, which was introduced on 5 December 2022 in the New Jersey State Assembly. Bill S3493 would apply to all online services, products, or features offered by a social media platform that are \"likely to be accessed by children\", requiring them to complete a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) before it is offered t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新泽西州：《儿童社交媒体隐私法》(A4919 / S3493)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 19 日，新泽西州参议院提出了有关儿童社交媒体隐私和数据管理的 S3493 法案。 S3493 是 A4919 的配套法案，于 2022 年 12 月 5 日在新泽西州议会提出。法案 S3493 将适用于社交媒体平台提供的所有“可能被儿童访问”的在线服务、产品或功能，要求他们在提供给……之前完成数据保护影响评估 (DPIA)。" }, { "date": "15 December 2022", "title": "PCAOB report confirming complete access to inspect, investigate Chinese firms under Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act", "url": "https://pcaobus.org/news-events/news-releases/news-release-detail/pcaob-secures-complete-access-to-inspect-investigate-chinese-firms-for-first-time-in-history", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a report under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act of 2020 (HFCAA) stating that it is able to inspect and investigate all the public accounting firms established in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Hong Kong. The report is vacating the PCAOB assessment from 16 December 2021 that determined that it could not investigate the public accounting firms established in PRC. The PCAOB was able to access the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PCAOB 报告确认，根据《外国公司问责法》，中国公司可以完全检查、调查中国公司", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 15 日，上市公司会计监督委员会 (PCAOB) 根据《2020 年外国公司控股责任法案》(HFCAA) 发布报告，表示其可以对所有在中华人民共和国 (PRC) 和香港设立的会计师事务所进行检查和调查。该报告撤销了 PCAOB 自 2021 年 12 月 16 日起的评估，该评估决定其无法调查在中国设立的会计师事务所。 PCAOB 能够访问..." }, { "date": "11 November 2022", "title": "New Cyber Incident Reporting Requirements (RFI)", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news/2022/09/09/cisa-welcomes-input-new-cyber-incident-reporting-requirements", "description": "On 11 November 2022, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) closed its consultation on the Request for Information on the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2022 (RFI), which follows the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2022 (CIRCIA), implemented in March 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新的网络事件报告要求 (RFI)", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 11 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 结束了对《2022 年关键基础设施网络事件报告法案》(RFI) 信息请求的磋商，该法案是在 2022 年 3 月实施的《2022 年关键基础设施网络事件报告法案》(CIRCIA) 的基础上进行的。" }, { "date": "10 October 2023", "title": "Class action against Meta for undisclosed third party access (Facebook Consumer Privacy User Profile Litigation)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.327471/gov.uscourts.cand.327471.1184.0_2.pdf", "description": "On 10 October 2023, the US District Court for the Northern District of California issued its final judgement, an order granting final approval of class action settlement, and an order awarding attorney’s fees in “Facebook, Inc. Consumer Privacy User Profile Litigation”. In particular, the Court granted final approval to the USD 725 million settlement reached by the parties, which constitutes the largest amount ever achieved in a data privacy class action and the single highest settlement of a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Meta 未公开的第三方访问的集体诉讼（Facebook 消费者隐私用户个人资料诉讼）", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 10 日，美国加利福尼亚州北区地方法院发布了最终判决、最终批准集体诉讼和解的命令，以及裁定支付“Facebook, Inc. 消费者隐私用户个人资料诉讼”律师费的命令。特别是，法院最终批准了双方达成的 7.25 亿美元和解协议，这是数据隐私集体诉讼中迄今为止达成的最大金额，也是迄今为止最高的单一和解协议。" }, { "date": "13 December 2023", "title": "FCC Rule updating Data Breach Reporting Requirements", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-399090A1.pdf", "description": "On 13 December 2023, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted the Data Breach Notification Rules. The revised rules aim to ensure that providers of telecommunications, interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and telecommunications relay services (TRS) adequately protect sensitive customer information. The updated rules seek to expand the scope to cover certain personally identifiable information. It also expands the definition of \"breach\" to include inadvertent access, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 规则更新数据泄露报告要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 13 日，联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 通过了数据泄露通知规则。修订后的规则旨在确保电信、互连互联网协议语音 (VoIP) 和电信中继服务 (TRS) 提供商充分保护敏感的客户信息。更新后的规则旨在扩大范围以涵盖某些个人身份信息。它还扩展了“违规”的定义，包括无意访问……" }, { "date": "25 February 2023", "title": "Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act including protections for children (HB 1688 / SB 1026)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+sum+SB1026", "description": "On 25 February 2023, the “Consumer Data Protection Act; protections for children” (SB 1026) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act would have amended the Code of Virginia to require operators to obtain parental consent before collecting, using, or disclosing a child’s personal data. Furthermore, the Act would have prohibited operators from processing children’s personal data for targeted advertising, selling their personal data, or profiling.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚消费者数据保护法，包括对儿童的保护 (HB 1688 / SB 1026)", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 25 日，《消费者数据保护法；保护儿童》（SB 1026）因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被拒绝。该法案将修改《弗吉尼亚州法典》，要求运营商在收集、使用或披露儿童的个人数据之前获得父母的同意。此外，该法案还禁止运营商处理儿童的个人数据以进行定向广告、出售其个人数据或进行分析。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "Civil lawsuit involving alleged violation of Biometric Information Protection Act through employment of facial recognition and fingerprint scanning features (Barnett v Apple Inc)", "url": "https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/e7133029-0322-468e-b632-1d628ed4fe51/Barnett%20v.%20Apple%20Inc.,%202022%20IL%20App%20(1st)%20220187.pdf", "description": "On 23 December 2022, an Illinois Appellate Court ruled that Apple's biometric unlock features on its mobile devices, such as fingerprint scanning and Face ID recognition, do not violate the Illinois Biometric Information Protection Act (BIPA). The ruling was issued in response to a civil lawsuit between Illinois residents against Apple for the alleged collection, possession and profit from biometric information without the knowledge or consent of users. In the Appellate Court's opinion, Apple...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉及涉嫌通过使用面部识别和指纹扫描功能违反生物识别信息保护法的民事诉讼（Barnett 诉 Apple Inc）", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 23 日，伊利诺伊州上诉法院裁定，苹果移动设备上的生物识别解锁功能（例如指纹扫描和 Face ID 识别）不违反《伊利诺伊州生物识别信息保护法》(BIPA)。该裁决是为了回应伊利诺伊州居民对苹果公司提起的民事诉讼，指控苹果公司在用户不知情或未同意的情况下收集、拥有生物识别信息并从中获利。上诉法院认为，苹果..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Data protection regulation in Indiana Senate Bill on consumer data protection (SB 5)", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2023/bills/senate/5", "description": "On 1 January 2026, Senate Bill 5 on consumer data protection is implemented. The Bill establishes a new article in the Indiana Code concerning consumer data protection, which would apply to private, for-profit entities controlling or processing the personal data of at least 100'000 consumers, or at least 25'000 consumers in case the entity derives more than 50% of its revenue from the sale of their data, excluding institutions of higher education. The article establishes a number of data sub...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印第安纳州参议院消费者数据保护法案 (SB 5) 中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，关于消费者数据保护的参议院第 5 号法案实施。该法案在《印第安纳州法典》中设立了一条关于消费者数据保护的新条款，该条款适用于控制或处理至少 100,000 名消费者的个人数据的私人营利实体，或者至少 25,000 名消费者（如果该实体的 50% 以上的收入来自其数据销售）（不包括高等教育机构）。文章建立了一些数据子..." }, { "date": "4 February 2023", "title": "Biometric Identifiers Privacy Act", "url": "http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2023/pdf/history/HB/HB0467.xml", "description": "On 2 April 2023, the Mississippi Biometric Identifiers Privacy Act (HB 467) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act would have required all private entities storing biometric identifiers to have a written policy accessible to the public, establishing precise rules for the permanent destruction of biometric data based on specific parameters. The Act would also have prohibited private entities from selling, lending or exchanging biometric identifiers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生物识别标识符隐私法", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 2 日，密西西比州生物识别标识符隐私法案 (HB 467) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案要求所有存储生物识别标识符的私人实体制定可供公众查阅的书面政策，根据特定参数建立永久销毁生物识别数据的精确规则。该法案还将禁止私人实体出售、出借或交换生物识别标识符……" }, { "date": "1 December 2023", "title": "Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into Covington and Burling LLP over alleged illegal trading and disclosure violations arising from the cyberattack", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/litigation/litreleases/2023/lr25612.htm", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that it filed a subpoena enforcement action against the law firm Covington and Burling LLP due to the firm's refusal to disclose to the authority the names of a list of clients whose data was disclosed during a cyberattack. The Covington and Burling LLP suffered a cyberattack in November 2020, from which the data of several of the firm's clients were \"viewed, copied, modified or exfiltrated\". The SEC aims to access ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会对 Covington and Burling LLP 涉嫌因网络攻击而进行非法交易和披露违规行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 12 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布对 Covington and Burling LLP 律师事务所提起传票执法行动，原因是该律师事务所拒绝向当局披露在网络攻击期间数据被泄露的客户名单。 Covington and Burling LLP 于 2020 年 11 月遭受网络攻击，该公司数名客户的数据被“查看、复制、修改或窃取”。 SEC 的目标是访问..." }, { "date": "25 February 2023", "title": "Act Relating to Health Records Privacy and Consumer-Generated Health Information (SB 1432 / HB 2219)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+ful+SB1432", "description": "On 25 February 2023, SB 1432, amending the Code of Virginia, was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. In particular, Section 32.1-127.1:03 would have been amended to regulate the management of consumer-generated health information by entities that collect or use data through wearable technology and entities that collect or use data from an online application or website on a phone, computer, or other mobile devices. Entities would have been required, among o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与健康记录隐私和消费者生成的健康信息相关的法案 (SB 1432 / HB 2219)", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 25 日，修订《弗吉尼亚法典》的 SB 1432 号法案因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被拒绝。特别是，第 32.1-127.1:03 节将进行修订，以规范通过可穿戴技术收集或使用数据的实体以及从电话、计算机或其他移动设备上的在线应用程序或网站收集或使用数据的实体对消费者生成的健康信息的管理。需要实体，其中..." }, { "date": "1 September 2023", "title": "Act relative to the expectation of privacy in the collection and use of personal information (New Hampshire HB 314)", "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_status.aspx?lsr=451&sy=2023&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2023&txtbillnumber=HB314", "description": "On 9 January 2023, the Act relative to the expectation of privacy in the collection and use of personal information (House Bill 314) was introduced in the New Hampshire State Legislature. The Bill provides that individuals shall have a reasonable expectation of privacy in personal information given or available to third-party providers of information and services. It also prohibits government entities from acquiring, collecting, retaining, or using any personal information of any individual r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与收集和使用个人信息时的隐私期望相关的法案（新罕布什尔州 HB 314）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 9 日，新罕布什尔州立法机关提出了与个人信息收集和使用中的隐私期望相关的法案（众议院法案 314）。该法案规定，个人应对向第三方信息和服务提供商提供或可用的个人信息抱有合理的隐私期望。它还禁止政府实体获取、收集、保留或使用任何个人的任何个人信息..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Genetic Data Privacy Bill (SB 1087)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?231+sum+SB1087", "description": "On 1 July 2023, Bill 1087, to amend the Code of Virginia by adding provisions relating to genetic data privacy, entered into force. The Bill establishes requirements for direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, including requirements related to the information to be provided to consumers, express consent requirements, requirements related to the security of and consumer access to genetic data, and prohibitions on disclosure of genetic data, among others. The Bill also prohibits discrimin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "遗传数据隐私法案 (SB 1087)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 1 日，修订《弗吉尼亚法典》、添加有关基因数据隐私的条款的第 1087 号法案生效。该法案规定了对直接面向消费者的基因检测公司的要求，包括与向消费者提供的信息相关的要求、明确同意的要求、与基因数据的安全和消费者访问相关的要求以及禁止披露基因数据等。该法案还禁止歧视..." }, { "date": "3 June 2023", "title": "NTIA Consultation on Privacy, Equity and Civil Rights", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/20/2023-01088/privacy-equity-and-civil-rights-request-for-comment", "description": "On 6 March 2023, the US National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) closed a consultation titled \"Privacy, Equity and Civil Rights\", seeking responses on how commercial data practices may impose outsized harm on marginalized or underserved communities. The comments will be used by the NTIA in a report analysing whether and how commercial data practices can negatively affect marginalised or underserved communities, as well as how existing civil rights and privacy laws can...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NTIA 关于隐私、公平和公民权利的磋商", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 6 日，美国国家电信和信息管理局 (NTIA) 结束了题为“隐私、公平和公民权利”的磋商，寻求有关商业数据实践如何对边缘化或服务不足的社区造成巨大伤害的回应。 NTIA 将在一份报告中使用这些意见，分析商业数据实践是否以及如何对边缘化或服务不足的社区产生负面影响，以及现有的公民权利和隐私法如何......" }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Data protection measures in Act drafted with the help of ChatGPT to regulate generative artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT (S 1827)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD1827", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Act drafted with the help of ChatGPT to regulate generative artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT (S 1827) was introduced in the Senate of Massachusetts. The Act would amend Chapter 93A of the Massachusetts General Law. The Act aims to ensure public safety, privacy, and intellectual rights and sets standards with which any large-scale company using a generative artificial intelligence system would have to comply. In particular, the Act would prohibit algorithmic ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在 ChatGPT 的帮助下起草的法案中的数据保护措施，以规范 ChatGPT 等生成人工智能模型 (S 1827)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 20 日，在 ChatGPT 的帮助下起草的旨在规范 ChatGPT (S 1827) 等生成人工智能模型的法案在马萨诸塞州参议院提出。该法案将修订马萨诸塞州普通法第 93A 章。该法案旨在确保公共安全、隐私和知识产权，并制定了任何使用生成人工智能系统的大型公司都必须遵守的标准。特别是，该法案将禁止算法......" }, { "date": "28 April 2023", "title": "Act to amend the Indiana Code concerning trade regulation (HB 1038) including increased penalties for data breaches statute", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2023/bills/house/1038#digest-heading", "description": "On 28 April 2023, the Act to amend the Indiana Code concerning trade regulation (HB 1038) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have increased the civil penalties for a breach of the data security statute from USD 150'000 to USD 500'000 per offence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《印第安纳州法典》有关贸易监管的法案 (HB 1038)，包括加大对数据泄露法规的处罚力度", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 28 日，《印第安纳州贸易监管法典修正案》（HB 1038）因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。该法案将把违反数据安全法规的民事处罚从每次违规 15 万美元增加到 50 万美元。" }, { "date": "23 April 2023", "title": "People's Privacy Act (HB1616 / SB 5643)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5643&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 23 April 2023, the People's Privacy Act (SB 5643), was rejected after failing to pass before the Washington legislative session adjourned. The Act would have applied to business entities in the state of Washington which, annually, would have had a revenue of at least USD 10 million through at least 300 separate transactions or would have processed personal information of at least 1'000 unique individuals. If passed, it would have granted data subjects in Washington state the right to know,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人民隐私法 (HB1616 / SB 5643)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 23 日，《人民隐私法》(SB 5643) 在华盛顿立法会议休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案将适用于华盛顿州的商业实体，这些实体每年通过至少 300 笔单独交易获得至少 1,000 万美元的收入，或者处理至少 1,000 个独特个人的个人信息。如果通过，它将授予华盛顿州的数据主体知情权……" }, { "date": "21 December 2024", "title": "Bill amending data breach notification requirements in general business law (Bill No. Bill S02659)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S02659&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 21 December 2024, the New York Governor signed Bill S02659, amending data breach notification requirements in the General Business Law. The bill applies to businesses and individuals who own, license, or maintain computerised data with the private information of New York residents. It requires notifying affected individuals within 30 days of discovering a breach. For data maintained but not owned, the owner or licensee must be notified. If New York residents are impacted, several agencies ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订一般商业法中数据泄露通知要求的法案（法案编号：Bill S02659）", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 21 日，纽约州州长签署了 S02659 法案，修改了《一般商业法》中的数据泄露通知要求。该法案适用于拥有、许可或维护包含纽约居民私人信息的计算机化数据的企业和个人。它要求在发现违规行为后 30 天内通知受影响的个人。对于维护但不拥有的数据，必须通知所有者或被许可人。如果纽约居民受到影响，一些机构......" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "New Hampshire Act relative to the expectation of privacy (SB 255)", "url": "https://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=865&inflect=1", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Act relative to the expectation of privacy (Senate Bill 255) entered into force. The Act applies to individuals conducting business in the state or offering products/services to its residents who, within a year, control or process personal data of at least 35'000 unique consumers or process data of at least 10'000 consumers while deriving over 25% of revenue from personal data sales. It excludes non-profit organisations, higher education institutions, data regulated by ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与隐私期望相关的新罕布什尔州法案 (SB 255)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，与隐私期望相关的法案（参议院第 255 号法案）生效。该法案适用于在该州开展业务或向居民提供产品/服务的个人，这些个人在一年内控制或处理至少 35,000 名唯一消费者的个人数据，或处理至少 10,000 名消费者的数据，同时从个人数据销售中获得超过 25% 的收入。它不包括非营利组织、高等教育机构、受......监管的数据" }, { "date": "23 January 2023", "title": "Iowa Consumer Data Protection Act (HSB 674 - HF 2506 / SSB 1071 - SF 262 / HSB 12 - HF 346)", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=90&ba=SSB%201071", "description": "On 23 January 2023, the “Bill for an Act relating to Consumer Data Protection, providing civil penalties, and including effective date provisions” was introduced into the Iowa State Senate (SSB 1071). The Act would apply to persons that conduct business that control or process personal information of at least 100,000 consumers; or control or process personal information of at least 25,000 consumers and derive more than 50% of gross revenue from the sale of personal information. The Act sets o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱荷华州消费者数据保护法（HSB 674 - HF 2506 / SSB 1071 - SF 262 / HSB 12 - HF 346）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 23 日，“与消费者数据保护相关的法案法案，规定民事处罚，并包括生效日期条款”被提交爱荷华州参议院 (SSB 1071)。该法案将适用于从事控制或处理至少 100,000 名消费者个人信息的业务的人员；或控制或处理至少 25,000 名消费者的个人信息，并从出售个人信息中获得超过 50% 的总收入。该法案规定..." }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Data protection measures in Act establishing an internet Bill of rights (HD 3245)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD3245", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Act establishing an internet Bill of rights (HD 3245), including data protection measures, was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Act outlines data subject rights, including the right to be informed, to obtain confirmation of processing, to data rectification, to receive personal data, to transmit personal data, and to object to the processing of personal data for marketing purposes. The Act would also establish obligat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "建立互联网权利法案的数据保护措施 (HD 3245)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 20 日，向马萨诸塞州众议院提交了制定互联网权利法案 (HD 3245) 的法案，其中包括数据保护措施。该法案概述了数据主体的权利，包括知情权、获得处理确认权、数据纠正权、接收个人数据权、传输个人数据权以及反对出于营销目的处理个人数据的权利。该法案还将规定有义务..." }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Hawaii: Senate Bill 21 establishing the right to own one’s own data", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2023/bills/SB21_.pdf", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Hawaii Senate Bill 21 establishing the right to own one’s own data was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have created a state constitutional right for each person to own and have an exclusive property right over the data they generate on the Internet. Closer determination of the types of data in question, as well as the manner of implementation and enforcement, would have been subject to further definition by the legisla...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷：参议院第 21 号法案确立了拥有自己数据的权利", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 4 日，夏威夷参议院第 21 号法案确立了拥有自己数据的权利，该法案因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被拒绝。该法案将为每个人创造一项州宪法权利，使其拥有对其在互联网上生成的数据拥有专有财产权。更仔细地确定有关数据的类型以及实施和执行的方式将取决于立法机构的进一步定义......" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "Act Requiring Consumer Consent for Collection of Personal Information (SF 950 / HF 1892)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF1892&ssn=0&y=2023", "description": "On 22 May 2023, Minnesota Bill HF 1892, requiring consumer consent before the collection of personal information, was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill was the companion bill of SF 950, introduced in the Minnesota Senate on 30 January 2023. The Bill would have prohibited businesses from collecting, using, or disclosing personal information without first obtaining the consumer's consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求消费者同意收集个人信息的法案 (SF 950 / HF 1892)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，明尼苏达州法案 HF 1892 要求在收集个人信息之前征得消费者同意，但因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被拒绝。该法案是 SF 950 的配套法案，于 2023 年 1 月 30 日在明尼苏达州参议院提出。该法案将禁止企业在未经消费者同意的情况下收集、使用或披露个人信息。" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "CFPB outline clarifying the unlawfulness of negative option marketing practices", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/12/2025-08286/interpretive-rules-policy-statements-and-advisory-opinions-withdrawal", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced the withdrawal of the outline clarifying the unlawfulness of negative option marketing practices. The decision follows a directive from CFPB leadership and aligns with Executive Order 14219, which promotes deregulatory measures under the President’s Department of Government Efficiency initiative. The withdrawn circular had clarified that employers must comply with the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) when using third-pa...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CFPB 概要澄清了消极期权营销行为的非法性", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 宣布撤销明确负面期权营销行为非法性的大纲。该决定遵循 CFPB 领导层的指示，并符合第 14219 号行政命令，该命令在总统政府效率部倡议下促进放松管制措施。撤回的通知澄清，雇主在使用第三方时必须遵守公平信用报告法（FCRA）..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Tennessee Genetic Information Privacy Act (SB 1295/HB1310)", "url": "http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/113/Bill/SB1295.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Tennessee Genetic Information Privacy Act was implemented. In particular, the Act requires companies providing genetic testing services to provide consumers with essential information about the collection, use, and disclosure of their genetic data and a publicly available privacy notice with information about the company’s data collection, consent, use, access, disclosure, transfer, security, retention, and deletion practices. In addition, genetic testing companies are req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "田纳西州遗传信息隐私法 (SB 1295/HB1310)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 1 日，《田纳西州遗传信息隐私法》实施。特别是，该法案要求提供基因检测服务的公司向消费者提供有关收集、使用和披露其基因数据的基本信息，以及公开的隐私声明，其中包含有关公司数据收集、同意、使用、访问、披露、转移、安全、保留和删除做法的信息。此外，基因检测公司还需要..." }, { "date": "18 January 2023", "title": "Massachusetts: Data protection regulation in Data Privacy Protection Act (SD 745 / HD 2281)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD745", "description": "On 18 January 2023, the Massachusetts Data Privacy Protection Act (SD 745), including data protection regulation, was introduced in the Massachusetts Senate. The Act would apply to entities with sufficient revenue or personal information processing volume. The Act sets out a “duty of loyalty” requiring the collection, processing, or transfer of personal data to be limited to what is reasonably necessary and proportionate to carry out certain defined purposes. Certain categories of sensitive p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州：《数据隐私保护法》中的数据保护法规 (SD 745 / HD 2281)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 18 日，马萨诸塞州参议院提出了《马萨诸塞州数据隐私保护法案》(SD 745)，其中包括数据保护法规。该法案将适用于具有足够收入或个人信息处理量的实体。该法案规定了“忠诚义务”，要求个人数据的收集、处理或传输仅限于为实现某些既定目的而合理必要且相称的范围。某些类别的敏感产品..." }, { "date": "21 June 2023", "title": "New York Right to Know Act (A00417)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A00417&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y#jump_to_Text", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the Right to Know Act (Bill A00417) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature adjourned. The Act would have required businesses that retained customers' personal information to make available to customers all of the personal information retained. If the business had disclosed customer personal information to a third party, it would also have had to make available to customers the categories of disclosed personal information and the names and contact details of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约知情权法案 (A00417)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 21 日，《知情权法案》（法案 A00417）因在立法机关休会前未能通过而被否决。该法案要求保留客户个人信息的企业向客户提供所有保留的个人信息。如果企业向第三方披露了客户个人信息，它还必须向客户提供所披露的个人信息的类别以及……的姓名和联系方式。" }, { "date": "1 March 2024", "title": "New York Online Consumer Protection Act (A01366 / S02998)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S02998&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Online Consumer Protection Act (S02998) was reintroduced in the New York State Senate. S02998 is the companion bill of A01366, introduced in the New York House of Representatives on 17 January 2023. The Act would prohibit advertising networks from collecting personal information for the purposes of online preference marketing. The Act would also require an advertising network to post a clear and conspicuous notice on the home page of its website about its privacy policy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约在线消费者保护法 (A01366 / S02998)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 3 日，纽约州参议院重新提出《在线消费者保护法》(S02998)。 S02998 是 A01366 的配套法案，于 2023 年 1 月 17 日在纽约众议院提出。该法案将禁止广告网络出于在线偏好营销的目的收集个人信息。该法案还要求广告网络在其网站主页上发布关于其隐私政策的清晰且显眼的通知......" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Oregon Senate Bill 619 relating to protections for the personal data of consumers", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2023R1/Measures/Overview/SB619", "description": "On 1 July 2024, Senate Bill 619, relating to protections for the personal data of consumers, Consumer Privacy Act, enters into force. The Bill sets out consumers' rights, including the rights to access, correct, and delete personal data, as well as rights to information about third-party recipients of personal data and opt-outs from a controller's processing of personal data. Data controllers are required to provide consumers with a privacy notice expressing the purposes of data collection, l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄勒冈州参议院第 619 号法案涉及消费者个人数据保护", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，涉及消费者个人数据保护的参议院第 619 号法案《消费者隐私法》生效。该法案规定了消费者的权利，包括访问、更正和删除个人数据的权利，以及了解有关个人数据的第三方接收者的信息的权利以及选择退出控制者对个人数据的处理的权利。数据控制者必须向消费者提供隐私声明，表达数据收集的目的，..." }, { "date": "17 June 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Vermont Act relating to enhancing consumer privacy (HB 121)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.121", "description": "On 17 June 2024, the Senate voted to sustain Governor Scott's veto of the Vermont Act relating to enhancing consumer privacy (HB 121). The Vermont House of Representatives voted to override the Governor's veto, but the Vermont Senate voted to sustain the veto. Hence, the veto stands. Governor Scott previously raised concerns over the proposed legislation due to its potential negative impact on businesses and non-profits through the \"private right of action\" provision and the First Amendment i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州法案中有关增强消费者隐私的数据保护法规 (HB 121)", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 17 日，参议院投票维持斯科特州长对有关增强消费者隐私的佛蒙特州法案 (HB 121) 的否决。佛蒙特州众议院投票推翻了州长的否决，但佛蒙特州参议院投票维持否决。因此，否决权有效。州长斯科特此前对拟议的立法表示担忧，因为它通过“私人诉权”条款和第一修正案对企业和非营利组织产生潜在的负面影响。" }, { "date": "30 January 2023", "title": "Arizona: Senate Bill 1238 relating to biometric information", "url": "https://openstates.org/az/bills/56th-1st-regular/SB1238/", "description": "On 30 January 2023, Senate Bill 1238 relating to biometric information was introduced in the Arizona State Legislature. The Bill includes specific provisions for data controllers relating to the retention, collection, disclosure, and destruction of biometric information, such as the obligation to implement a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying biometric information; the obligation to refrain from disclosing biometric information; and storage and information protection provisions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州：有关生物识别信息的参议院法案 1238", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 30 日，与生物识别信息相关的参议院第 1238 号法案被提交给亚利桑那州立法机构。该法案对数据控制者在生物识别信息的保留、收集、披露和销毁方面做出了具体规定，例如实施保留时间表和销毁生物识别信息指南的义务；不披露生物特征信息的义务；以及存储和信息保护规定......" }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Massachusetts: Act to Protect Biometric Information (HD 3053)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD3053", "description": "On 20 January 2023, a Bill for an Act to protect biometric information (HD. 3053) was introduced to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. The Bill would prohibit covered entities or data processors from collecting or processing biometric information unless it first: (i) informs the individual in writing; (ii) provides the individual with the Biometric Privacy Policy; and (iii) obtains explicit non-electronic, handwritten consent. The Act would also create certain obligations for covered...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州：生物识别信息保护法 (HD 3053)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 20 日，向马萨诸塞州众议院提交了一项保护生物识别信息法案法案 (HD.3053)。该法案将禁止所涉及的实体或数据处理者收集或处理生物识别信息，除非首先：(i) 以书面形式通知个人； (ii) 向个人提供生物识别隐私政策； (iii) 获得明确的非电子手写同意。该法案还规定了所涵盖的某些义务......" }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Massachusetts Biometric Information Privacy Act (SD 2218)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD2218", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Biometric Information Privacy Act (SD. 2218) was introduced to the Massachusetts Senate. The Act regulates the collection, retention, destruction, and disclosure of biometric information by private entities. In particular, it would require private entities to develop a written policy establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying biometric identifiers and biometric information. Further, it would prohibit private entities from collecting or processing b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州生物识别信息隐私法 (SD 2218)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 20 日，《生物识别信息隐私法案》(SD.2218) 提交给马萨诸塞州参议院。该法案规范私人实体收集、保留、销毁和披露生物识别信息。特别是，它将要求私营实体制定书面政策，建立销毁生物识别标识符和生物识别信息的保留时间表和指南。此外，它将禁止私人实体收集或处理..." }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "Minnesota: Act establishing standards for biometric privacy (SF 954)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/text.php?number=SF954&version=latest&session=ls93&session_year=2023&session_number=0", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the Minnesota Act establishing standards for biometric privacy (SF 954) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill covered the collection, retention, destruction, and disclosure of biometric information by private entities. In particular, it would have required private entities to develop a written policy establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying biometric identifiers and biometric information. Further, it would ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州：建立生物识别隐私标准的法案 (SF 954)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，建立生物识别隐私标准的明尼苏达法案 (SF 954) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案涵盖私人实体收集、保留、销毁和披露生物识别信息。特别是，它将要求私营实体制定书面政策，建立销毁生物识别标识符和生物识别信息的保留时间表和准则。此外，它还会..." }, { "date": "21 June 2023", "title": "New York: Act in relation to the use of biometric data for marketing purposes (S02390)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S02390&term=2023&Summary=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 21 June 2023, a Bill for an Act in relation to the use of biometric data for marketing purposes (S02390) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature adjourned. The Bill would have prohibited private entities from using biometric data for any advertising, marketing, promotion, or other activities intended to be used to influence business volume.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约：有关将生物识别数据用于营销目的的法案 (S02390)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 21 日，一项有关将生物识别数据用于营销目的的法案法案 (S02390) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。该法案将禁止私人实体将生物识别数据用于任何广告、营销、促销或旨在影响业务量的其他活动。" }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "Consumer Biometric Data Protection Act (SB 0339 / HB 0932)", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0339", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Consumer Biometric Data Protection Act (SB 0339 / HB 0932) was rejected after failing to pass before the Tennessee legislature session adjourned. The Act would have required private entities to develop a written policy establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying biometric identifiers and biometric information. Further, it would have prohibited private entities from obtaining biometric information unless it first informed the individual in writing that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者生物特征数据保护法 (SB 0339 / HB 0932)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 12 日，《消费者生物识别数据保护法案》(SB 0339 / HB 0932) 在田纳西州立法机构会议休会前未能通过，被否决。该法案要求私营实体制定书面政策，制定销毁生物识别标识符和生物识别信息的保留时间表和准则。此外，它将禁止私人实体获取生物识别信息，除非它首先书面通知个人......" }, { "date": "2 January 2023", "title": "FTC investigation into GoodRx Holdings Inc. over alleged violation of Health Breach Notification Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/02/ftc-enforcement-action-bar-goodrx-sharing-consumers-sensitive-health-info-advertising?utm_source=govdelivery", "description": "On 1 February 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a complaint and stipulated final order against telehealth and prescription drug business GoodRx Holdings Inc. for failing to notify consumers about unauthorised disclosure of consumer personal health information to companies like Facebook and Google for advertising purposes. It is the FTC's first enforcement action under its Health Breach Notification Rule. According to the stipulated order, subject to approval by a federal court, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 GoodRx Holdings Inc. 涉嫌违反健康违规通知规则进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 1 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发出投诉，并针对远程医疗和处方药企业 GoodRx Holdings Inc. 发出最终命令，因为该公司未能就出于广告目的未经授权向 Facebook 和 Google 等公司披露消费者个人健康信息的情况通知消费者。这是联邦贸易委员会根据其健康违规通知规则采取的首次执法行动。根据规定的命令，经联邦法院批准，..." }, { "date": "2 February 2023", "title": "NY: Investigation into tech companies and Patrick Hinchy for allegedly selling spyware violating privacy", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/ilf-nyag_aod.pdf", "description": "On 2 February 2023, New York Attorney General Letitia James announced that it had agreed to an Assurance following an investigation into a consortium of 16 technological companies owned by respondent Patrick Hinchy. The investigation found that the companies had illegally promoted spyware that allowed individuals to monitor another person’s device without their awareness or consent. The software products sold by the companies allowed users to monitor activity on other devices, including call ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约：对科技公司和 Patrick Hinchy 涉嫌销售侵犯隐私的间谍软件进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 2 日，纽约州总检察长 Letitia James 宣布，在对被告 Patrick Hinchy 拥有的 16 家科技公司组成的财团进行调查后，已同意提供保证。调查发现，这些公司非法推广间谍软件，允许个人在他人不知情或不同意的情况下监控他人的设备。这些公司销售的软件产品允许用户监控其他设备上的活动，包括呼叫......" }, { "date": "21 June 2023", "title": "Data protection measures in Act prohibiting the disclosure of personally identifiable information by an internet service provider without the express written approval of the consumer", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S04367&term=2023&Text=Y", "description": "On 21 June 2023, the \"Act to amend the general business law, in relation to prohibiting the disclosure of personally identifiable information by an internet service provider without the express written approval of the consumer\" (S 04367) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature adjourned. This Act is the companion Bill of Assembly Bill A 01484. The Act would have prohibited internet service providers (ISP) from disclosing personally identifiable information resulting from the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止互联网服务提供商未经消费者明确书面同意披露个人身份信息的法案中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 21 日，“关于禁止互联网服务提供商在未经消费者明确书面批准的情况下披露个人身份信息的一般商业法修正案”（S 04367）在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。该法案是议会法案 A 01484 的配套法案。该法案将禁止互联网服务提供商 (ISP) 披露因...而产生的个人身份信息。" }, { "date": "6 July 2023", "title": "Act concerning minors and digital privacy (HB 5249)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB05429&which_year=2023", "description": "On 7 June 2023, the Act concerning minors and digital privacy (HB 5249) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关未成年人和数字隐私的法案 (HB 5249)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 7 日，有关未成年人和数字隐私的法案 (HB 5249) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。" }, { "date": "2 August 2023", "title": "Treasury Report on Financial Sector Reliance on Cloud Services", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/Treasury-Cloud-Report.pdf", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Treasury Department released a report entitled \"Financial Services Sector's Adoption of Cloud Services\". The report was released in coordination with the Financial and Banking Information Infrastructure Committee. The Treasury finds that the financial sector's reliance on cloud services supports improved resiliency and services offered, but the report also identified significant security concerns. The report outlines a lack of transparency between banks and cloud servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于金融部门对云服务依赖的财政部报告", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 8 日，财政部发布了一份题为《金融服务业采用云服务》的报告。该报告是与金融和银行信息基础设施委员会协调发布的。财政部发现，金融部门对云服务的依赖有助于提高弹性和所提供的服务，但报告也指出了重大的安全问题。该报告概述了银行和云服务之间缺乏透明度..." }, { "date": "2 July 2023", "title": "2023 Examination Priority Report by SEC including Cybersecurity Standards", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/2023-exam-priorities.pdf", "description": "On 7 February 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) released a report on its Examination Priorities of 2023. The SEC stated that it would investigate broker-dealers and registered investment advisors (RIA) use of emerging technologies and crypto-assets and their systems' security and operational resiliency. Additionally, any digital payment provider offering advice and/or the sale of cryptocurrencies will be assessed on whether the required risk management standards are met and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 2023 年审查优先报告，包括网络安全标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 7 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 发布了关于 2023 年审查重点的报告。SEC 表示将调查经纪交易商和注册投资顾问 (RIA) 对新兴技术和加密资产的使用及其系统的安全性和运营弹性。此外，任何提供建议和/或销售加密货币的数字支付提供商都将根据是否满足所需的风险管理标准进行评估并......" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (HB 1844 / HB 4)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=HB4", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (HB 4) enters into force. The HB 4 is the companion Act of HB 1844. The Act regulates the collection, processing, and treatment of personal data by entities collecting personal data. Small businesses, as defined by the US Small Business Administration, non-profit organisations, and higher education institutions are exempt from the obligations outlined in the Act. Under the Act, consumers are able to request deletion, amendment, and opt-...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州数据隐私和安全法案 (HB 1844 / HB 4)", "description_zh": "《德克萨斯州数据隐私和安全法案》(HB 4) 于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。 HB 4 是 HB 1844 的配套法案。该法案规范收集个人数据的实体对个人数据的收集、处理和处理。美国小企业管理局定义的小企业、非营利组织和高等教育机构不受该法案规定的义务的约束。根据该法案，消费者可以请求删除、修改和选择..." }, { "date": "2 January 2023", "title": "Attorney-General investigation into alleged illegal sale of \"spyware\" products by Powerline Group and affiliated entities", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/ilf-nyag_aod.pdf", "description": "On 1 February 2023, the settlement concluded between the New York Office of the Attorney-General (OAG) and Powerline Group Inc and fifteen related business entities owned by Patrick Hinchy for their illegal sale of \"spyware products\" entered into force. The OAG investigation concluded that Powerline Group Inc products allowed users to secretly monitor the activity on another device, including messages, photos, location and social media activity, among others. The companies' advertising misled...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长对 Powerline Group 及其附属实体涉嫌非法销售“间谍软件”产品进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 1 日，纽约总检察长办公室 (OAG) 与 Powerline Group Inc 以及 Patrick Hinchy 拥有的 15 家相关商业实体就非法销售“间谍软件产品”达成的和解生效。 OAG 调查得出的结论是，Powerline Group Inc 的产品允许用户秘密监控另一台设备上的活动，包括消息、照片、位置和社交媒体活动等。这些公司的广告误导了..." }, { "date": "5 May 2023", "title": "Content moderation regulations in Florida Social Media Protection for Minors Bill (SB 792/HB 591)", "url": "https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=77549&", "description": "On 5 May 2023, the “Social Media Protection for Minors Bill” (SB 792/HB 591) was rejected after it “died” in the Commerce and Tourism Committee. The Bill would have required social media platforms operating in Florida to publish their content moderation policies, any manipulation of images they engage in, their best practices for considering the interests of minors in their services, and clear user policies, protection, and reporting mechanisms in relation to harmful behaviour. Social media p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州《未成年人社交媒体保护法案》(SB 792/HB 591) 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2023年5月5日，《未成年人社交媒体保护法案》（SB 792/HB 591）在商业和旅游委员会“死亡”后被拒绝。该法案将要求在佛罗里达州运营的社交媒体平台公布其内容审核政策、其参与的任何图像处理、在其服务中考虑未成年人利益的最佳做法，以及与有害行为相关的明确用户政策、保护和报告机制。社交媒体宣传..." }, { "date": "24 February 2023", "title": "Data protection regulations in rule amending the Veteran Affairs Acquisition Regulation", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/25/2023-00586/va-acquisition-regulation-acquisition-of-information-technology-and-other-contracts-for-goods-and", "description": "On 24 February 2023, the rule amending the Veteran Affairs Acquisition Regulation (VAAR) is implemented. The rule includes a policy regarding sensitive personal information, information security, and liquidated damages requirements for the data breach. According to the rule, “information system” means a discrete set of information resources organised for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of information. The “sensitive personal information” is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《退伍军人事务部获取条例》的规则中的数据保护条例", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 24 日，《退伍军人事务收购条例》(VAAR) 修订规则实施。该规则包括有关敏感个人信息、信息安全和数据泄露的违约金要求的政策。根据该规定，信息系统是指为收集、处理、维护、使用、共享、传播或者处置信息而组织的离散的信息资源集合。 “敏感个人信息”是..." }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Florida Digital Bill of Rights (SB 262)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2023/262/?Tab=BillHistory", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Florida Digital Bill of Rights (SB 262) enters into force. The Bill imposes obligations on controllers, defined as an organisation operating for profit or financial benefit in the state of Florida, that collect personal data about consumers or determine the purposes and means of processing personal data, while making in excess of USD 1 billion in global gross annual revenue. Further, the controller must meet one of the following criteria, derive at least 50% of revenue fro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州数字权利法案 (SB 262) 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "佛罗里达州数字权利法案 (SB 262) 于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。该法案对控制者（定义为在佛罗里达州以营利或经济利益为目的运营的组织）规定了义务，该组织收集消费者的个人数据或确定处理个人数据的目的和方式，同时全球年总收入超过 10 亿美元。此外，控制者必须满足以下标准之一，至少 50% 的收入来自..." }, { "date": "3 March 2023", "title": "AB A975/SB 2221 concerning the unlawful dissemination of a personal image", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A00975&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 3 March 2023, Assembly Bill 975 concerning the unlawful dissemination of a personal image was signed by the New York State Governor. The Bill regulates the offence of dissemination of personal images on social media platforms without the victim's consent and provides a private right of action for such an offence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AB A975/SB 2221 关于非法传播个人图像", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 3 日，纽约州州长签署了关于非法传播个人形象的第 975 号议会法案。该法案规范了未经受害人同意在社交媒体平台上传播个人图像的犯罪行为，并为此类犯罪行为提供了私人诉讼权。" }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in House Bill 301 Relating to Consumer Data Privacy", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/23RS/hb301.html#", "description": "On 30 March 2023, the Kentucky House Bill 301 Relating to Consumer Data Privacy including cybersecurity regulation was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill followed a similar bill (SB 15) introduced on 3 January 2023 in the Kentucky State Senate. The House Bill would have applied to businesses based in or providing services to consumers in Kentucky who, annually, either process the personal data of 100'000 consumers or at least 25'000 consumers whi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "众议院 301 号法案中与消费者数据隐私相关的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 30 日，肯塔基州众议院关于消费者数据隐私（包括网络安全监管）的 301 号法案因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。该法案是在肯塔基州参议院于 2023 年 1 月 3 日提出的类似法案 (SB 15) 之后提出的。众议院法案将适用于位于肯塔基州或向肯塔基州消费者提供服务的企业，这些企业每年处理 100,000 名消费者或至少 25,000 名消费者的个人数据。" }, { "date": "21 June 2023", "title": "Act Allowing Consumers the Right to Know Which Information Was Sold or Disclosed to Third Parties (S3162 / A4374)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A4374", "description": "On 21 June 2023, an Act Allowing Consumers the Right to Know Which Information Was Sold or Disclosed to Third Parties (A4374) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature adjourned. A4374 was the companion bill of S3162, introduced in the New York Senate on 30 January 2023. The Act would have given consumers the right to be informed by businesses about the type of personal information that would have been collected about them, who the information would have been shared with, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "允许消费者有权知道哪些信息被出售或披露给第三方的法案 (S3162 / A4374)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 21 日，一项允许消费者有权知道哪些信息被出售或披露给第三方的法案 (A4374) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被拒绝。 A4374 是 S3162 的配套法案，于 2023 年 1 月 30 日在纽约参议院提出。该法案赋予消费者权利，让企业了解他们将收集的个人信息类型、信息将与谁共享以及……" }, { "date": "3 November 2023", "title": "House Bill 3498 Establishing a Framework for the Control and Processing of Personal Data", "url": "http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=3498&year=2023&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 11 March 2023, House Bill 3498, Establishing a Framework for the Control and Processing of Personal Data, was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session expired. The House Bill would have applied to businesses based in or providing services to consumers in West Virginia who, annually, would have either processed the personal data of 100'000 consumers or at least 25'000 consumers while deriving over 50% of their gross revenue from the sale of such data. The Bill would hav...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "众议院法案 3498 建立个人数据控制和处理框架", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 11 日，众议院第 3498 号法案《建立个人数据控制和处理框架》因未能在立法会议结束前获得通过而被否决。众议院法案将适用于位于西弗吉尼亚州或向消费者提供服务的企业，这些企业每年处理 100,000 名消费者或至少 25,000 名消费者的个人数据，同时从销售此类数据中获得超过 50% 的总收入。该法案将..." }, { "date": "17 February 2023", "title": "Lawsuit frequency of collection of biometric data by third-parties (White Castle v Cothron)", "url": "https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/e304b011-82d9-4832-9cae-d8205749a2ec/Cothron%20v.%20White%20Castle%20System,%20Inc.,%202023%20IL%20128004.pdf", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Supreme Court of Illinois issued a ruling concerning the lawsuit filed by Cothron against White Castle System, Inc. (White Castle). Cothron accused White Castle of violating Sections 15(b) and (d) of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). Cothron alleged that White Castle of illegally required fingerprint scans for employees to receive access to pay sheets and electronics, which were verified by a third-party business that manages the biometric data. U...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第三方收集生物特征数据的诉讼频率（White Castle v Cothron）", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 17 日，伊利诺伊州最高法院就 Cothron 对 White Castle System, Inc.（White Castle）提起的诉讼作出裁决。 Cothron 指控 White Castle 违反了《伊利诺伊州生物特征信息隐私法》(BIPA) 第 15(b) 和 (d) 条。 Cothron 指控 White Castle 非法要求员工进行指纹扫描，才能访问工资表和电子设备，并由管理生物识别数据的第三方企业进行验证。你..." }, { "date": "2 February 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on limitation of BIPA claims (Tims v Black Horse Carriers)", "url": "https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/06541d5b-74ce-4463-9cf4-a2b736c335a6/Tims%20v.%20Black%20Horse%20Carriers,%20Inc.,%202023%20IL%20127801.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2023, the Illinois Supreme Court issued a ruling in an appeal concerning alawsuit on the statute of limitations regarding biometric data collection and processing under the llinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). The previous appellate court divided the statute of limitations claims, determining that one-year and five-year periods apply to different sections of BIPA. However, the Supreme Court ruled against this opinion and determined that all claims under BIPA are sub...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BIPA 索赔限制诉讼（Tims v Black Horse Carriers）", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 3 日，伊利诺伊州最高法院就有关伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法 (BIPA) 规定的生物识别数据收集和处理时效诉讼的上诉作出裁决。先前的上诉法院对诉讼时效进行了划分，确定一年和五年的期限适用于 BIPA 的不同部分。然而，最高法院驳回了这一意见，并确定 BIPA 下的所有索赔均属......" }, { "date": "17 February 2023", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Let Parents Choose Protection Act of 2023 (SB 845)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB845", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Let Parents Choose Protection Act of 2023 (SB 845) was introduced in the Senate of California. The Bill would require large social media platforms to make available to third-party safety software providers real-time application programming interfaces (APIs) to enable them to supervise a child’s online interactions. A child of 13 years or older, its parents or a legal guardian can then decide if they want to delegate permission to the third-party safety software provid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年《让家长选择保护法》(SB 845) 中的数据保护条例", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 17 日，加州参议院提出了《2023 年让父母选择保护法案》(SB 845)。该法案将要求大型社交媒体平台向第三方安全软件提供商提供实时应用程序编程接口（API），以便他们能够监督儿童的在线互动。 13 岁或以上的儿童、其父母或法定监护人可以决定是否要将权限委托给第三方安全软件提供..." }, { "date": "27 May 2023", "title": "Protect Health Data Act (HB 3603)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3603&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 27 May 2023, the Illinois Protect Health Data Privacy Act (HB 3603) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护健康数据法 (HB 3603)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 27 日，《伊利诺伊州保护健康数据隐私法案》(HB 3603) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，被否决。" }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "Act Relating to the Protection of Minors from Harmful, Deceptive, or Unfair Trade Practices in Connection with the Use of Certain Digital Services (HB 18)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=HB18", "description": "On 1 September 2024, the Act Relating to the Protection of Minors from Harmful, Deceptive, or Unfair Trade Practices in Connection with the Use of Certain Digital Services (HB 18) was implemented in Texas. The Act applies to digital service providers that handle the personal information of minors and either target or appeal to minors. The Act lays out which services target or appeal to minors. Covered entities are obliged to prevent harm to minors in any way or form, be it physical, emotiona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于保护未成年人免受与使用某些数字服务有关的有害、欺骗或不公平贸易行为的法案 (HB 18)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 1 日，《关于保护未成年人免受与使用某些数字服务有关的有害、欺骗或不公平贸易行为的法案》(HB 18) 在德克萨斯州实施。该法案适用于处理未成年人个人信息并针对或吸引未成年人的数字服务提供商。该法案规定了哪些服务针对或吸引未成年人。所涉及的实体有义务防止以任何方式或形式对未成年人造成伤害，无论是身体上的、情感上的……" }, { "date": "27 May 2023", "title": "Children's Privacy Protection and Parental Empowerment Act (HB 3880)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3880&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 27 May 2023, the Illinois Children's Privacy Protection and Parental Empowerment Act (HB 3880) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童隐私保护和父母赋权法 (HB 3880)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 27 日，《伊利诺伊州儿童隐私保护和父母赋权法案》(HB 3880) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。" }, { "date": "3 July 2023", "title": "Regulation on Algorithm and Predictive Model Governance concerning Unfair Discrimination in Insurance Practices", "url": "https://doi.colorado.gov/announcements/extended-time-to-comment-draft-proposed-algorithm-and-predictive-model-governance", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the public consultation closes on the Department of Regulatory Agencies, Division of Insurance of Colorado draft regulation regarding the governance of algorithms and predictive models. Specifically, the draft regulation pertains to the governance and risk management framework requirements for the use of external consumer data and information sources (ECDIS) by life insurance carriers. The aim is to prevent any discriminatory insurance practices resulting from the use of cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保险实务中不公平歧视的算法和预测模型治理规定", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 7 日，科罗拉多州监管机构部保险司关于算法和预测模型治理的监管草案的公众咨询结束。具体来说，该法规草案涉及人寿保险公司使用外部消费者数据和信息源（ECDIS）的治理和风险管理框架要求。目的是防止因使用欺骗手段而导致任何歧视性保险做法。" }, { "date": "18 May 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning online platforms' liability for displayed terrorist content under Anti-Terrorism Act and Section 230 of Communications Decency Act (Twitter v Taamneh)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/21-1333_6j7a.pdf", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the Supreme Court issued a ruling in the appeal case challenging the Ninth Circuit Court decision in Twitter v Taamneh case concerning online platforms' liability for displaying terrorist content under Anti-Terrorism Act. The case pertains to a mass shooting that occurred in Istanbul in 2017 and was claimed by a terrorist organisation, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). The plaintiffs filed a lawsuit against Twitter, alleging it contributed to the terrorist organisati...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据《反恐怖主义法》和《通信规范法》第 230 条，有关在线平台对展示恐怖内容的责任的诉讼（Twitter v Taamneh）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 18 日，最高法院就上诉案件作出裁决，质疑第九巡回法院在 Twitter 诉 Taamneh 案中关于在线平台根据《反恐怖主义法》展示恐怖内容的责任的裁决。此案涉及 2017 年伊斯坦布尔发生的大规模枪击事件，恐怖组织伊拉克和叙利亚伊斯兰国 (ISIS) 声称对此负责。原告对 Twitter 提起诉讼，指控其为恐怖组织做出了贡献。" }, { "date": "13 February 2023", "title": "Genetic Information Act (LB 308)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=49940", "description": "On 13 February 2024, the Genetic Information Privacy Act (LB 308) entered into force after being signed into law by the Governor of Nebraska. The Act requires direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies to provide clear information about their data collection, use, and disclosure policies. It also requires obtaining consumers' express consent for various data-related activities, including data collection, transfer, and use for marketing or research purposes. The Act further provides that com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "遗传信息法 (LB 308)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 13 日，《遗传信息隐私法案》(LB 308) 经内布拉斯加州州长签署成为法律后生效。该法案要求直接面向消费者的基因检测公司提供有关其数据收集、使用和披露政策的明确信息。它还要求获得消费者对各种数据相关活动的明确同意，包括数据收集、传输以及用于营销或研究目的的使用。该法案进一步规定，公司..." }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "Bill Providing Online Privacy for Children (HB 2460)", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=2460&year=2023&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 11 January 2023, a Bill providing online privacy protection laws for children under 18 years of age (HB 2460) was introduced in the West Virginia Legislature. The Bill prohibits an operator of a website or online service directed to children, or any other operator, to collect personal information from a child. The Bill also establishes an obligation for the Attorney General to propose rules requiring operators to provide notice on the website of what information is collected from children,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为儿童提供在线隐私的法案 (HB 2460)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 11 日，西弗吉尼亚州立法机关提出了一项为 18 岁以下儿童提供在线隐私保护法的法案 (HB 2460)。该法案禁止针对儿童的网站或在线服务的运营商或任何其他运营商收集儿童的个人信息。该法案还规定总检察长有义务提出规则，要求运营商在网站上提供关于从儿童收集哪些信息的通知，..." }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Tennessee Information Protection Act (HB 1181/SB 73)", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB0073", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Tennessee Information Protection Act enters into force. The Act applies to business entities active in the state that, annually, either control or process personal information of at least 100'000 consumers or control or process personal information of at least 25'000 consumers and derive more than 50% of gross revenue from the sale of personal information. Under the Act, data controllers are required to implement cybersecurity measures to safeguard the confidentiality, int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "田纳西州信息保护法中的网络安全法规 (HB 1181/SB 73)", "description_zh": "《田纳西州信息保护法》于 2025 年 7 月 1 日生效。该法案适用于在该州活跃的商业实体，每年控制或处理至少 100,000 名消费者的个人信息，或者控制或处理至少 25,000 名消费者的个人信息，并从个人信息销售中获得超过 50% 的总收入。根据该法案，数据控制者必须实施网络安全措施，以保护机密性、完整性……" }, { "date": "27 May 2023", "title": "Right to Know Act (HB 1381 / SB 1365)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1381&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=143553&SessionID=112&GA=103&SpecSess=0", "description": "On 27 May 2023, the Right to Know Act in Illinois House of Representatives (HB 1381) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "知情权法 (HB 1381 / SB 1365)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 27 日，伊利诺伊州众议院《知情权法案》（HB 1381）因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "28 April 2023", "title": "Business Registration Requirement in Consumer Data Protection Bill (HB 1554)", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2023/bills/house/1554#document-7b76bc15", "description": "On 28 April 2023, the Indiana Data Protection House Bill (HB 1554) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Bill would have required data brokers to register annually with the Attorney General, pay a fee of USD 100, and provide information about the opting-out process and data collection as well as a detailed statement on the collection of children's information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者数据保护法案 (HB 1554) 中的商业登记要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 28 日，印第安纳州数据保护院法案 (HB 1554) 因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。该法案将要求数据经纪人每年向总检察长注册，支付 100 美元的费用，并提供有关选择退出过程和数据收集的信息以及有关儿童信息收集的详细声明。" }, { "date": "16 June 2023", "title": "Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act (H 5354)", "url": "http://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText23/HouseText23/H5354.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2023, the Rhode Island Data Transparency and Privacy Protection Act (H 5354) was rejected after failing to pass before the Rhode Island 2023 legislation session adjourned its legislative session. Under the Act, providers of online services and websites would have been required to disclose the type of information they collect and the specific data that is sold to third parties.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗德岛州数据透明度和隐私保护法 (H 5354)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 16 日，罗德岛州数据透明度和隐私保护法案 (H 5354) 在罗德岛州 2023 年立法会议休会之前未能通过，因此被否决。根据该法案，在线服务和网站的提供商将被要求披露他们收集的信息类型以及出售给第三方的具体数据。" }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Act Relative to Internet Privacy Rights for Children (HD 2325)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD2325", "description": "On 19 January 2023, An Act Relative to Internet Privacy Rights for Children (HD 2325) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Act would apply to online service providers as well as providers of mobile applications and websites directed to minors. Covered entities would be prohibited from advertising, among others, the following products: alcohol, firearms, tobacco products, lottery tickets, tattoos and fireworks. Covered entities would be requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童互联网隐私权相关法案中的数据保护条例 (HD 2325)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 19 日，马萨诸塞州众议院提出了《儿童互联网隐私权相关法案》(HD 2325)。该法案将适用于在线服务提供商以及针对未成年人的移动应用程序和网站提供商。所涵盖的实体将被禁止为以下产品做广告：酒精、枪支、烟草制品、彩票、纹身和烟花。所涵盖的实体将需要..." }, { "date": "3 November 2023", "title": "Act Relating to Online Privacy Protection for Minors (HB 2964)", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=2964&year=2023&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 11 March 2023, the West Virginia Act Relating to Online Privacy Protection for Minors (HB 2964) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislative session expired. The Act would have applied to online service providers as well as providers of mobile applications and websites directed to minors. Covered entities would have been prohibited from advertising alcohol, firearms, tobacco products, lottery tickets, tattoos, and fireworks, among others. Covered entities would have been requi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关未成年人在线隐私保护的法案 (HB 2964)", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 11 日，《西弗吉尼亚州未成年人在线隐私保护法案》(HB 2964) 因未能在立法会议到期前获得通过而被否决。该法案将适用于在线服务提供商以及针对未成年人的移动应用程序和网站提供商。所涵盖的实体将被禁止为酒类、枪支、烟草产品、彩票、纹身和烟花等做广告。所涵盖的实体将需要..." }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Act Relative to Consumer Health Data (SD 2118 / HD 3855)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD2118", "description": "On 20 January 2023, \"An Act Relative to Consumer Health Data\" (SD 2118) was introduced in the Massachusetts State Senate. The Act would cover all entities that operate in Massachusetts or produce services or products for residents of Massachusetts while collecting, sharing or selling the health data of consumers. The Act would exclude government authorities and those dealing with health data in a non-commercial context. The Act would require covered entities to establish and maintain a Consum...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与消费者健康数据相关的网络安全法规 (SD 2118 / HD 3855)", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 20 日，马萨诸塞州参议院提出了“与消费者健康数据相关的法案”(SD 2118)。该法案将涵盖在马萨诸塞州运营或为马萨诸塞州居民生产服务或产品，同时收集、共享或出售消费者健康数据的所有实体。该法案将排除政府当局和在非商业背景下处理健康数据的机构。该法案将要求所涵盖的实体建立和维护消费者......" }, { "date": "5 December 2023", "title": "Act Relating to Restricting Electronic Monitoring of Employees and Employment-Related Automated Decision Systems (H. 114)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.114", "description": "On 12 May 2023, the Vermont Act Relating to Restricting Electronic Monitoring of Employees and Employment-Related Automated Decision Systems (H. 114) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act would have prohibited the monitoring of employees with certain exceptions. The Act would also have prohibited covered entities from using automated decision systems to make employment decisions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关限制对雇员和就业相关自动决策系统进行电子监控的法案 (H. 114)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 12 日，《关于限制雇员电子监控和就业相关自动决策系统的佛蒙特州法案》(H. 114) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案将禁止对员工进行监控，但某些例外情况除外。该法案还禁止所涵盖的实体使用自动决策系统做出就业决定。" }, { "date": "4 October 2023", "title": "Health Data Privacy Act (SB 0790 / HB 0995)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0995?ys=2023RS", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Maryland Health Data Privacy Act (HB 0995) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act is the companion bill of SB 0790, introduced in the Maryland State Senate on 6 February 2023. The Act would have prohibited the collection, use and processing of consumer health data without the consent of the consumer. Consumers would have been granted the right to deletion, the right to request a copy of their data and the right to opt out of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "健康数据隐私法 (SB 0790 / HB 0995)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 10 日，马里兰州健康数据隐私法案 (HB 0995) 因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。该法案是 SB 0790 的配套法案，于 2023 年 2 月 6 日在马里兰州参议院提出。该法案禁止在未经消费者同意的情况下收集、使用和处理消费者健康数据。消费者将被授予删除权、索取其数据副本的权利以及选择退出的权利……" }, { "date": "4 October 2023", "title": "Act Concerning Online Privacy of Children (SB 844 / HB 901)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0901?ys=2023RS", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Maryland Act Concerning Online Privacy of Children (HB 901) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. HB 901 is the companion Bill to Senate Bill 844. If adopted, covered entities would have been required to conduct a data protection impact assessment to assess the harm their online service or product may cause children, before being able to offer the product or service on the market. Covered entities would have been prohibited from pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于儿童在线隐私的法案 (SB 844 / HB 901)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 10 日，《马里兰州儿童在线隐私法案》(HB 901) 因未能在立法机关休会前获得通过而被否决。 HB 901 是参议院第 844 号法案的配套法案。如果获得通过，所涵盖的实体将需要进行数据保护影响评估，以评估其在线服务或产品可能对儿童造成的伤害，然后才能在市场上提供产品或服务。所涵盖的实体将被禁止生产..." }, { "date": "24 February 2023", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Deterring America's Technological Adversaries Act of 2023 (HR 1153)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1153/text?s=3&r=2&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22McCaul%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 24 February 2023, the Deterring America's Technological Adversaries (DATA) Act of 2023 (HR 1153) was introduced in the United States House of Representatives. The Act aims to clarify the unenforceability of certain regulations and restrictions on sensitive personal data under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). In particular, the Act would empower the Secretary of the Treasury to issue a directive prohibiting sensitive personal data transfers from the United States to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年威慑美国技术对手法案 (HR 1153) 中的跨境数据传输监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 24 日，美国众议院提出了《2023 年威慑美国技术对手 (DATA) 法案》(HR 1153)。该法案旨在澄清《国际紧急经济权力法案》(IEEPA) 下对敏感个人数据的某些规定和限制的不可执行性。特别是，该法案将授权财政部长发布指令，禁止将敏感个人数据从美国传输到……" }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Making Age-Verification Technology Uniform, Robust, and Effective Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/419/text?s=2&r=7&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Josh+Hawley%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the Making Age-Verification Technology Uniform, Robust, and Effective Act was introduced to the Senate floor. Social media platform operators will be required to verify the age of individuals who wish to create an account and use the platform. The Act specifies that the data received by the social media platform to verify the age cannot be sold, transferred, or used for another purpose. If a social media account were to be deleted, any data used to verify the age needs to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使年龄验证技术统一、稳健和有效的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，《使年龄验证技术统一、稳健和有效法案》被提交参议院。社交媒体平台运营商将被要求验证希望创建帐户并使用该平台的个人的年龄。该法案规定，社交媒体平台收到的用于验证年龄的数据不得出售、转让或用于其他目的。如果要删除社交媒体帐户，则任何用于验证年龄的数据都需要......" }, { "date": "14 July 2023", "title": "FTC investigation into BetterHelp over alleged breach of data protection", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/07/ftc-gives-final-approval-order-banning-betterhelp-sharing-sensitive-health-data-advertising", "description": "On 14 July 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalised an order prohibiting BetterHelp, an online counselling service, from sharing consumers' health data with third parties for advertising purposes. Furthermore, the FTC imposed a fine of UDS 7.8 million on the company. Additionally, the order prohibits BetterHelp from sharing consumers’ personal information for re-targeting and requires the company to obtain explicit consent before disclosing data to third parties. Finally, the order ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 BetterHelp 涉嫌违反数据保护的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 14 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 敲定了一项命令，禁止在线咨询服务 BetterHelp 出于广告目的与第三方共享消费者的健康数据。此外，FTC还对该公司处以780万印尼盾的罚款。此外，该命令禁止 BetterHelp 共享消费者的个人信息以进行重新定位，并要求该公司在向第三方披露数据之前获得明确同意。最后，订单..." }, { "date": "11 March 2024", "title": "Revising Existing Procedures on Reporting via Technology Act (REPORT Act/SB 474)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/474/all-actions", "description": "On 3 November 2024, the Revising Existing Procedures on Reporting via Technology Act (REPORT Act/SB 474) enters into force. The Act includes mandatory reporting obligations for online platforms to the National CyberTipline regarding online sexual exploitation of children and increases the penalties for failing to report such content. In case of non-compliance with the Act, the platforms face penalties ranging from USD 150’000 to USD 1 million, based on the offence and the size of the company.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订现有《技术报告程序》法案（REPORT Act/SB 474）", "description_zh": "《现有技术报告程序修订法》（REPORT Act/SB 474）于 2024 年 11 月 3 日生效。该法案规定了在线平台向国家网络举报热线（National Cyber​​Tipline）强制报告有关儿童在线性剥削的义务，并加大了对未能报告此类内容的处罚力度。如果不遵守该法案，平台将根据违法行为和公司规模面临 15 万美元至 100 万美元不等的处罚。" }, { "date": "3 February 2023", "title": "Licensing requirements in US Export Administration Regulations", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/06/2023-04558/additions-and-revisions-of-entities-to-the-entity-list", "description": "On 2 March 2023, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the US Department of Commerce issued a rule amending the \"Export Administration Regulations\" (EAR) by adding 37 companies to the \"Entity List\" imposing export restrictions and additional licensing requirements for companies that carry out activities considered contrary to US national security and foreign policy interest. Notably, the Entity List adds seven Chinese technological companies, including Inspur Group, which provides clou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国出口管理条例中的许可要求", "description_zh": "2023年3月2日，美国商务部工业与安全局（BIS）发布修订《出口管理条例》（EAR）的规定，将37家公司添加到“实体名单”中，对从事被视为违反美国国家安全和外交政策利益的活动的公司实施出口限制和额外许可要求。值得注意的是，实体清单增加了七家中国科技公司，其中包括提供云服务的浪潮集团..." }, { "date": "3 March 2023", "title": "Department of Justice Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs including data protection policies", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/criminal-fraud/page/file/937501/download", "description": "On 3 March 2023, the US Department of Justice (DoJ) published a document entitled \"Evaluation of Corporate Compliance Programs\", aiming to describe specific factors that prosecutors should consider in conducting an investigation of a corporation and assisting them in determining whether to bring charges and negotiating plea or other agreements. In particular, prosecutors should consider a corporation's policies and procedures governing the use of personal devices, communications platforms, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部对公司合规计划（包括数据保护政策）的评估", "description_zh": "2023年3月3日，美国司法部发布了一份题为《公司合规计划评估》的文件，旨在描述检察官在对公司进行调查时应考虑的具体因素，并协助他们决定是否提出指控以及谈判认罪或其他协议。特别是，检察官应考虑公司管理个人设备、通信平台和……使用的政策和程序。" }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Framework Implementation Guide", "url": "https://aspr.hhs.gov/cip/hph-cybersecurity-framework-implementation-guide/Documents/HPH-Sector-CSF-Implementation-Guide-508.pdf", "description": "On 8 March 2023, the US Department of Health and Human Services published a document entitled \"Cybersecurity Framework Implementation Guide\", aiming to help the private healthcare sector to align its cybersecurity management programs with the standards set out in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cybersecurity Framework in order to and improve their level of cyber resiliency. In particular, the guidance provides a step-by-step approach for organisations to determine their cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全框架实施指南", "description_zh": "2023年3月8日，美国卫生与公众服务部发布了一份题为《网络安全框架实施指南》的文件，旨在帮助私营医疗保健部门将其网络安全管理计划与美国国家标准与技术研究所网络安全框架中规定的标准相一致，以提高其网络弹性水平。特别是，该指南为组织提供了一种逐步的方法来确定其网络..." }, { "date": "1 September 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Directive concerning Prohibited and High-Risk Software on State Provided or Managed Devices", "url": "https://nj.gov/infobank/circular/23-01-NJCCIC-OIT-DPP.pdf", "description": "On 9 January 2023, the Governor of the State of New Jersey issued a cybersecurity Directive banning several \"high-risk software and services\" on state IT infrastructure and networks. The Directive entered into force on the day of signing. The prohibited technologies include Huawei Technologies, Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd., WeChat, Tencent QQ, QQ Wallet, AliPay, Alibaba.com Mobile Apps, Hytera, ZTE Corporation, ByteDance Ltd., including ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于国家提供或管理的设备上禁用和高风险软件的网络安全指令", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 9 日，新泽西州州长发布了一项网络安全指令，禁止在州 IT 基础设施和网络上使用多种“高风险软件和服务”。该指令自签署之日起生效。被禁止的技术包括华为技术有限公司、浙江大华技术有限公司、杭州海康威视数字技术有限公司、微信、腾讯QQ、QQ钱包、支付宝、阿里巴巴移动应用、海能达、中兴通讯、字节跳动有限公司，包括..." }, { "date": "22 December 2022", "title": "Order on the Ban of Tiktok from Pennsylvania Treasury Devices and Networks", "url": "https://patreasury.gov/newsroom/archive/2022/12-22-TikTok.html", "description": "On 22 December 2022, the Treasurer of the state of Pennsylvania issued an order banning TikTok on Treasury IT infrastructure and networks. The Treasurer stated that an internal review found that TikTok had not been used on Treasury devices. Finally, the Order specifies that the Treasury's firewall blocks access to the Tiktok app and website from the Treasury network.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州财政部设备和网络公司禁止 Tiktok 的命令", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 22 日，宾夕法尼亚州财政部长发布命令，禁止 TikTok 使用财政部 IT 基础设施和网络。财政部长表示，内部审查发现 TikTok 尚未在财政部设备上使用。最后，该命令指定财政部的防火墙阻止从财政部网络访问 Tiktok 应用程序和网站。" }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Report on the Use of Social Media Platforms for Illicit Drug Activity and Proposed Policy Interventions", "url": "https://coag.gov/press-releases/3-8-23/", "description": "On 8 March 2023, Colorado Attorney General (AG) released a report on how social media platforms are used for illicit drug activity, primarily the sale and distribution of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues or compounds and counterfeit prescription drugs. The Report is a result of a law passed in 2022 that required the Colorado Department of Law to conduct an inquiry into how online platforms, including social media platforms, are used for drug distribution. The Report outlines recommendations for p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于利用社交媒体平台进行非法毒品活动的报告和拟议的政策干预措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 8 日，科罗拉多州总检察长 (AG) 发布了一份关于社交媒体平台如何用于非法药物活动的报告，主要是销售和分销芬太尼、芬太尼类似物或化合物以及假冒处方药。该报告是 2022 年通过的一项法律的结果，该法律要求科罗拉多州法律部对包括社交媒体平台在内的在线平台如何用于药品分销进行调查。该报告概述了针对...的建议" }, { "date": "3 September 2023", "title": "SEC investigation against Blackbaud for making misleading disclosures about a ransomware attack", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-48", "description": "On 9 March 2023, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) annouced a settlement with Blackbaud, a provider of donor data management software to non-profit organizations, for making misleading disclosures about a 2020 ransomware attack that resulted in the access and filtration of sensitive information of more than 13,000 customers. Specifically, the SEC found that the company failed to maintain disclosure controls and procedures for employees to communicate information about the attack...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blackbaud 因勒索软件攻击的误导性披露而受到 SEC 调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 9 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布与向非营利组织提供捐赠数据管理软件的提供商 Blackbaud 达成和解，该公司因对 2020 年勒索软件攻击做出误导性披露，导致超过 13,000 名客户的敏感信息被访问和过滤。具体来说，美国证券交易委员会发现该公司未能维持员工沟通有关攻击信息的披露控制和程序......" }, { "date": "3 October 2023", "title": "Lawsuit against Twitter over alleged First Amendment violation for speech censorship (O'Handley v Twitter)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/03/10/22-15071.pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2023, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued ruling in the lawsuit O’Handley v. Twitter Inc. (No. 22-15071). In the case, the plaintiff had claimed that Twitter had collaborated with government officials by removing tweets flagged by the latter as including false or misleading information, thereby infringing constitutional rights. According to the ruling, the plaintiff’s claims of Twitter’s First Amendment violation for censoring his speech were lawfully d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Twitter 涉嫌违反第一修正案言论审查的诉讼（O'Handley 诉 Twitter）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 10 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院就 O’Handley 诉 Twitter Inc.（编号 22-15071）诉讼做出裁决。在该案中，原告声称推特与政府官员合作，删除了后者标记为包含虚假或误导性信息的推文，从而侵犯了宪法权利。根据裁决，原告声称推特因审查其言论而违反第一修正案的指控是合法的……" }, { "date": "13 March 2023", "title": "CISA Ransomware Vulnerability Warning Pilot", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/cisa-establishes-ransomware-vulnerability-warning-pilot-program", "description": "On 13 March 2023, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) announced the establishment of the “Ransomware Vulnerability Warning Pilot” (RVWP), aiming to examine vulnerabilities commonly associated with ransomware exploitation and warn critical infrastructure entities with vulnerabilities to enable mitigation before a ransomware incident occurs. The RVWP is authorised under the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act passsed in 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 勒索软件漏洞警告试点", "description_zh": "2023年3月13日，美国网络安全和基础设施安全局（CISA）宣布建立“勒索软件漏洞警告试点”（RVWP），旨在检查与勒索软件利用相关的常见漏洞，并警告存在漏洞的关键基础设施实体，以便在勒索软件事件发生之前进行缓解。 RVWP 是根据 2022 年通过的《关键基础设施网络事件报告法》授权的。" }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "Everyone can Notice and-Take down Distribution of Child Sexual Abuse Material Act (END CSAM Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/823/actions?s=1&r=6", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the Everyone can Notice and-Takedown Distribution of Child Sexual Abuse Material Act (END CSAM Act- SB 823) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Bill would hold social media companies liable for hosting or distributing child sexual abuse material. The Bill also would prohibit social media companies from \"knowingly\" or \"recklessly\" hosting or distributing child pornography and impose civil penalties of no less than USD 100'000 and no more than USD 500'000 on those ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "每个人都可以注意到并废除《儿童性虐待材料分发法》（END CSAM 法）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 15 日，美国参议院提出了《人人都能注意到并删除分发儿童性虐待材料法案》（END CSAM 法案 - SB 823）。该法案将要求社交媒体公司对托管或传播儿童性虐待材料承担责任。该法案还禁止社交媒体公司“故意”或“鲁莽地”托管或传播儿童色情内容，并对这些公司处以不低于 10 万美元且不超过 50 万美元的民事处罚。" }, { "date": "13 June 2023", "title": "CFPB inquiry into Data Brokers and Business Practices Involving Consumer Information Collection and Sale", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/notice-opportunities-comment/open-notices/request-for-information-regarding-data-brokers-and-other-business-practices-involving-the-collection-and-sale-of-consumer-information/", "description": "On 13 June 2023, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) of the United States closed the public consultation, which was opened on 15 March 2023, concerning data brokers and other business practices, which include the collection and sale of consumer data. In particular, the CFPB gathered information on topics such as the types of data collected, how it is used and shared, and the potential risks and benefits to consumers. The consultation aimed to inform CFPB and policymakers of the d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CFPB 对涉及消费者信息收集和销售的数据经纪人和商业行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 13 日，美国消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 结束了于 2023 年 3 月 15 日开始的关于数据经纪人和其他商业行为（包括收集和销售消费者数据）的公众咨询。 CFPB 特别收集了有关收集数据的类型、数据的使用和共享方式以及对消费者的潜在风险和利益等主题的信息。此次磋商旨在向 CFPB 和政策制定者通报..." }, { "date": "6 May 2023", "title": "SEC Proposal to Address Cybersecurity Risks to the Securities Markets", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/04/05/2023-05767/cybersecurity-risk-management-rule-for-broker-dealers-clearing-agencies-major-security-based-swap", "description": "On 5 June 2023, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) closed its consultation on its new requirements for several market entities to address their cybersecurity risks, which it proposed on 15 March 2023. In particular, the market entities would include broker-dealers, clearing agencies, major security-based swap participants, the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, national securities associations, national securities exchanges, security-based swap data repositories, security-bas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会关于解决证券市场网络安全风险的提案", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 5 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 结束了其于 2023 年 3 月 15 日提出的针对多个市场实体应对网络安全风险的新要求的磋商。具体而言，市场实体将包括经纪交易商、清算机构、主要证券互换参与者、市政证券规则制定委员会、国家证券协会、国家证券交易所、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库、证券互换数据存储库等。" }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "SEC proposal to amend Regulation S-P to enhance protection of customer information", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2024-58", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted the amendments to Regulation S-P Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information. The amendments aim to enhance the protection of customer information by requiring broker-dealers, investment companies, registered investment advisers, and transfer agents to adopt written policies and procedures for incident response programs to address unauthorised access to or use of customer information. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 提议修订 S-P 条例以加强对客户信息的保护", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 16 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 通过了《消费者金融信息隐私和保护个人信息 S-P 条例》修正案。该修正案旨在加强对客户信息的保护，要求经纪交易商、投资公司、注册投资顾问和过户代理人采用书面政策和程序进行事件响应计划，以解决未经授权访问或使用客户信息的问题。特..." }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "SEC proposal to amend Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (SCI)", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-53", "description": "On 15 March 2023, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced proposed amendments to the Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (SCI). The goal is to help address technological vulnerabilities in the US securities markets and improve Commission oversight of the core technology of key US securities markets entities. The proposed amendment would expand the scope of SCI entities to include registered security-based swap data repositories, all clearing agencies that are exempt ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SEC 提议修订监管体系合规性和完整性 (SCI)", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 15 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布对监管系统合规性和完整性 (SCI) 的拟议修正案。目标是帮助解决美国证券市场的技术漏洞，并改善委员会对美国主要证券市场实体核心技术的监督。拟议的修正案将扩大 SCI 实体的范围，以包括注册的基于证券的掉期数据存储库、所有豁免的清算机构……" }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "FTC inquiry into Business Practices of Cloud Computing Providers that Could Impact Competition and Data Security", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/03/ftc-seeks-comment-business-practices-cloud-computing-providers-could-impact-competition-data", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the public consultation closed on the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) inquiry into the business practices of cloud computing providers' impact on competition and data security. In particular, the FTC aims to investigate the reliance of specific segments of the economy on cloud service providers and the number of cloud computing providers and identify security risks associated with the current business practices. Furthermore, the FTC aims to analyse cloud computing's impact on e...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对云计算提供商可能影响竞争和数据安全的商业行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对云计算提供商的商业行为对竞争和数据安全影响的调查结束了公众咨询。特别是，联邦贸易委员会旨在调查特定经济领域对云服务提供商的依赖程度以及云计算提供商的数量，并识别与当前业务实践相关的安全风险。此外，联邦贸易委员会旨在分析云计算对电子行业的影响..." }, { "date": "15 February 2023", "title": "Attorneys General of Ohio and Pennsylvania investigation into DNA Diagnostics Center over data security practices", "url": "https://www.attorneygeneral.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2023-02-16-AVC-DNA-Diagnostics-Center.pdf", "description": "On 15 February 2023, the Attorneys General of Ohio and Pennsylvania and DNA Diagnostics Center (DDC) reached a settlement in the investigation opened into its data security practices. In November 2021, a breach occurred at DDC concerning databases that had been acquired by DDC as part of its 2012 acquisition of Orchid Cellmark but had not been actively used for any business purposes. The databases included names, payment information, and social security numbers of more than 12'663 Pennsylvan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州总检察长对 DNA 诊断中心的数据安全做法进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 15 日，俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州总检察长与 DNA 诊断中心 (DDC) 在对其数据安全实践展开的调查中达成和解。 2021 年 11 月，DDC 发生了一次数据库泄露事件，该数据库是 DDC 在 2012 年收购 Orchid Cellmark 时获得的，但尚未积极用于任何商业目的。这些数据库包括超过 12,663 名宾夕法尼亚州人的姓名、付款信息和社会安全号码……" }, { "date": "23 March 2023", "title": "Data protection measure in Utah Social Media Regulation Act (SB 152)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0152.html", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Social Media Regulation Act (SB 152), including data protection regulations, was signed into law by the Governor of Utah. In particular, the Act would prohibit social media companies from collecting minors' personal data and using data generated based on their activity, including posts, messages or text. The social media platforms would be able to collect minors' personal data and process it only for the purpose of age verification to comply with the service access restr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州社交媒体监管法案 (SB 152) 中的数据保护措施", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 23 日，犹他州州长签署《社交媒体监管法案》(SB 152)，包括数据保护法规，成为法律。特别是，该法案将禁止社交媒体公司收集未成年人的个人数据并使用根据其活动生成的数据，包括帖子、消息或文本。社交媒体平台将能够收集未成年人的个人数据，并仅出于年龄验证的目的对其进行处理，以遵守服务访问限制。" }, { "date": "29 March 2023", "title": "Protecting Military Service Members’ Data Act of 2023 (S 1029)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1029/text?s=1&r=39", "description": "On 29 March 2023, the Bill to prohibit data brokers from selling, reselling, trading, licensing, or otherwise providing for consideration lists of military servicemembers to a covered nation, Protecting Military Service Members' Data Act of 2023 (S 1029), was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act reintroduces the provisions outlined in Senate Bill 4281 introduced in the 117th Congress. The Act would prohibit data brokers from selling, reselling, trading or licensing the personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年保护军人数据法 (S 1029)", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 29 日，美国参议院提出了《2023 年保护军人数据法案》(S 1029)，禁止数据经纪人向所覆盖国家出售、转售、交易、许可或以其他方式提供军人考虑名单。该法案重新引入了第 117 届国会提出的参议院第 4281 号法案中概述的条款。该法案将禁止数据经纪人出售、转售、交易或许可个人数据……" }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Lawsuit against Meta for allegedly misleading the public about the addictive nature of their services", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023-03-28-Meta-Lawsuit-Filemark.pdf", "description": "On 28 March 2023, the Attorney General (AG) of Arkansas filed on behalf of the state a lawsuit against Meta Platforms, Inc., Facebook Holdings, LLC, Facebook Operations, LLC, Meta Payments Inc., Facebook Technologies, LLC, Instagram, LLC, and Siculus, Inc. (Meta). The lawsuit alleges that the algorithms employed by Meta were deliberately designed to \"exploit the psychological traits\" of minors to increase the time they spend on Meta's platforms. The lawsuit mentions the increasing mental heal...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Meta 的诉讼，指控其误导公众了解其服务的成瘾性", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 28 日，阿肯色州总检察长 (AG) 代表该州对 Meta Platforms, Inc.、Facebook Holdings, LLC、Facebook Operations, LLC、Meta Payments Inc.、Facebook Technologies, LLC、Instagram, LLC 和 Siculus, Inc. (Meta) 提起诉讼。该诉讼称，Meta 使用的算法是故意设计的，旨在“利用未成年人的心理特征”，以增加他们在 Meta 平台上花费的时间。该诉讼提到了日益增强的心理治疗......" }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Arkansas's Attorney General lawsuit against TikTok and ByteDance for allegedly misleading consumers about the nature of their content", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023-03-28-TikTok-Lawsuit-Cleburne-Filemark.pdf", "description": "On 28 March 2023, Arkansas's Attorney General (AG) filed a lawsuit against TikTok, Inc., TikTok PTE. Ltd., ByteDance Inc., and ByteDance Ltd. for allegedly misleading consumers about the extent of safety and security of the platform. The AG argued that one of the main public messages that the platform promotes is that the safety of its young users is its main priority. According to the lawsuit, promoting that message is imperative to the platform's business model, as minors aged between 13 to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿肯色州总检察长对 TikTok 和字节跳动提起诉讼，指控其内容误导消费者", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 28 日，阿肯色州总检察长 (AG) 对 TikTok, Inc.、TikTok PTE 提起诉讼。 Ltd.、ByteDance Inc. 和 ByteDance Ltd. 涉嫌在平台的安全程度方面误导消费者。总检察长认为，该平台宣扬的主要公共信息之一是，年轻用户的安全是其首要任务。根据该诉讼，宣传这一信息对该平台的商业模式至关重要，因为年龄在 13 岁到..." }, { "date": "28 June 2024", "title": "Arkansas's AG lawsuit against TikTok and ByteDance regarding alleged illegal data-sharing practices (Case No. 70Cv-23-135)", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024-06-28-Order-to-MTD-Union-County.pdf", "description": "On 28 June 2024, the Arkansas Union County Circuit Court dismissed TikTok and ByteDance's request to dismiss Arkansas's Attorney General (AG) lawsuit on alleged illegal data-sharing practices (Case No. 70Cv-23-135). The AG sued TikTok Inc., TikTok PTE Ltd., ByteDance Inc., and ByteDance Ltd., alleging the platform misleads users about its data safety protocols. The AG also claimed that TikTok falsely stated that it was not subject to Chinese law and that it did not share data with Chinese off...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿肯色州总检察长就 TikTok 和字节跳动涉嫌非法数据共享行为提起诉讼（案号：70Cv-23-135）", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 28 日，阿肯色州联合县巡回法院驳回了 TikTok 和字节跳动要求驳回阿肯色州总检察长 (AG) 就涉嫌非法数据共享行为提起的诉讼的请求（案件编号：70Cv-23-135）。 AG 起诉 TikTok Inc.、TikTok PTE Ltd.、ByteDance Inc. 和 ByteDance Ltd.，指控该平台在其数据安全协议方面误导用户。总检察长还声称，TikTok 错误地表示它不受中国法律的约束，并且没有与中国共享数据。" }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "Resolution Expressing strong opposition to the imposition of digital services taxes by other countries that discriminate against United States companies (HR 268)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-resolution/268?s=10&r=70", "description": "On 30 March 2023, the Resolution Expressing strong opposition to the imposition of digital services taxes by other countries that discriminate against United States companies (HR 268) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. In particular, the Resolution aims to address digital services tax (DST) measures that \"unfairly target United States companies\" and asks the legislature to recognise that DST measures are discriminatory and in violation of trade agreements and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "决议强烈反对其他国家征收歧视美国公司的数字服务税（HR 268）", "description_zh": "2023年3月30日，美国众议院提出了《强烈反对其他国家征收歧视美国公司的数字服务税的决议》（HR 268）。特别是，该决议旨在解决“不公平地针对美国公司”的数字服务税（DST）措施，并要求立法机构承认 DST 措施具有歧视性并违反贸易协定……" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Secure Online Child Interaction and Age Limitation Act (SB 162)", "url": "http://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=23RS&b=SB162", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Louisiana Secure Online Child Interaction and Age Limitation Act (Act 456) is implemented. In particular, the Act requires social media companies to withhold certain functions from accounts held by Louisiana residents who are minors, including prohibiting direct messaging with unfamiliar accounts and not displaying advertising and suggested groups, products, posts, services or users to the minor. Further, accounts held by minors will not show up in search results of other ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《安全在线儿童互动和年龄限制法案》(SB 162) 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，《路易斯安那州安全在线儿童互动和年龄限制法案》（第 456 号法案）实施。特别是，该法案要求社交媒体公司对路易斯安那州未成年人持有的账户保留某些功能，包括禁止使用陌生账户直接发送消息，以及不向未成年人展示广告和建议的群组、产品、帖子、服务或用户。此外，未成年人持有的帐户不会出现在其他搜索结果中......" }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Enabled Device Software Functions", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/04/03/2023-06786/marketing-submission-recommendations-for-a-predetermined-change-control-plan-for-artificial", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) opened a consultation until 3 July 2023 on a draft guidance titled \"Marketing Submission Recommendations for a Predetermined Change Control Plan for Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Enabled Device Software Functions\". According to the FDA, the guidance outlines an approach to regulating machine learning-enabled medical devices that supports iterative improvement, ensures device safety and effectiveness, while being lea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对支持人工智能/机器学习 (AI/ML) 的设备软件功能的预定变更控制计划的营销提交建议", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 3 日，美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 就一份题为“人工智能/机器学习 (AI/ML) 设备软件功能预定变更控制计划的营销提交建议”的指南草案进行了磋商，截止日期为 2023 年 7 月 3 日。 FDA 表示，该指南概述了一种监管机器学习医疗设备的方法，该方法支持迭代改进，确保设备安全性和有效性，同时..." }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Data collection and report requirements in CFPB Rule on Small Business Lending under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/12/2025-08286/interpretive-rules-policy-statements-and-advisory-opinions-withdrawal", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced the withdrawal of the Statement on Enforcement and Supervisory Practices Relating to the Rule on Small Business Lending under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act. The decision follows a directive from CFPB leadership and aligns with Executive Order 14219, which promotes deregulatory measures under the President’s “Department of Government Efficiency” initiative. The withdrawn circular had clarified that employers must comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CFPB 《平等信贷机会法》小企业贷款规则中的数据收集和报告要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 宣布撤销《关于《平等信贷机会法》小企业贷款规则的执行和监管实践声明》。该决定遵循 CFPB 领导层的指示，并符合第 14219 号行政命令，该命令根据总统的“政府效率部”倡议促进放松管制措施。撤回的通知明确了雇主必须遵守..." }, { "date": "4 April 2023", "title": "Texas State Securities Board investigation into YieldTrust AI over alleged offering of unregistered securities", "url": "https://www.ssb.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2023-04/ENF_23_CDO_1869_0.pdf", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the Texas State Securities Board issued a cease and desist order in the investigation into YieldTrust AI over the alleged offering of unregistered securities in the State. The Securities Board alleges that YieldTrust AI is illegally advertising its decentralised application, known as the YieldBot, through online platforms, claiming that its application is based on quantum artificial intelligence and coded to interact in the digital assets market. Furthermore, the order states...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州证券委员会对 YieldTrust AI 涉嫌提供未注册证券进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 4 日，德克萨斯州证券委员会针对 YieldTrust AI 涉嫌在该州发行未注册证券的调查发布了停止令。证券委员会指控 YieldTrust AI 通过在线平台非法宣传其去中心化应用程序 YieldBot，声称其应用程序基于量子人工智能并经过编码以在数字资产市场中进行交互。此外，该命令还规定..." }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "United States National Strategy to Advance Privacy-Preserving Data", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/National-Strategy-to-Advance-Privacy-Preserving-Data-Sharing-and-Analytics.pdf", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy published a report entitled “National Strategy to Advance Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing and Analytics”. The Strategy outlines a vision for a future data ecosystem that incorporates privacy-preserving data sharing and analytics (PPDSA) approaches by setting out guiding principles, including the creation and use of PPDSA technologies to minimise the risk of harm arising from data sharing and analytics. The Strategy ident...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国推进数据隐私保护的国家战略", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 3 日，白宫科学技术政策办公室发布了一份题为“推进隐私保护数据共享和分析的国家战略”的报告。该战略概述了未来数据生态系统的愿景，该生态系统结合了隐私保护数据共享和分析（PPDSA）方法，制定了指导原则，包括创建和使用 PPDSA 技术，以尽量减少数据共享和分析造成的损害风险。该战略确定..." }, { "title": "California SB 362 on data brokers (DELETE Act)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB362", "description": "Beginning on 1 January 2028, the mandatory audit obligations in Civil Code Section 1798.99.86(e), as enacted by Senate Bill 362 (DELETE ACT), are required to be implemented by data brokers. These obligations require each data broker to undergo an audit by an independent third party to determine compliance with the deletion-mechanism provisions, with the audit requirement recurring every three years thereafter. For each audit, the data broker must submit the audit report and any related materi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州关于数据经纪人的 SB 362（删除法案）", "description_zh": "自 2028 年 1 月 1 日起，参议院第 362 号法案（删除法案）颁布的民法典第 1798.99.86(e) 条中的强制性审计义务必须由数据经纪人履行。这些义务要求每个数据经纪人接受独立第三方的审计，以确定是否遵守删除机制条款，此后每三年进行一次审计要求。对于每次审计，数据经纪人必须提交审计报告和任何相关材料..." }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "FTC consumer alert on ads for fake AI", "url": "https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2023/04/ads-fake-ai-and-other-software-spread-malicious-software#.ZDgviOghvZ4.twitter", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published a consumer alert on ads for fake artificial intelligence (AI), and other software that spread malicious software. In particular, the FTC warns that cybercriminals are taking advantage of people’s interest in AI to spread harmful malware through online ads. The FTC recommends avoiding clicking on ads to download software and instead going to the official website by typing in the address.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 消费者对虚假人工智能广告发出警报", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了针对虚假人工智能 (AI) 和其他传播恶意软件的广告的消费者警报。美国联邦贸易委员会特别警告说，网络犯罪分子正在利用人们对人工智能的兴趣，通过在线广告传播有害恶意软件。 FTC 建议避免点击广告下载软件，而应通过输入地址访问官方网站。" }, { "date": "27 March 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit on liability for decentralized autonomous organizations (Sarcuni v. bZx DAO)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-casd-3_22-cv-00618/pdf/USCOURTS-casd-3_22-cv-00618-0.pdf", "description": "On 27 March 2023, a US federal district court in California issued a ruling finding that decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) may be considered general partnerships if certain criteria are met, potentially making all DAO members jointly and severally liable for any claims against a DAO. The case was originally brought by parties affected by a cybersecurity breach leading to the theft of cryptocurrencies stored on the defendant DAO's blockchain protocol. In this case, the DAO was comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于去中心化自治组织责任的民事诉讼（Sarcuni v. bZx DAO）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 27 日，美国加利福尼亚州联邦地区法院发布裁决，认定去中心化自治组织 (DAO) 如果满足某些标准，则可以被视为普通合伙企业，这可能会使所有 DAO 成员对针对 DAO 的任何索赔承担连带和个别责任。该案件最初是由受到网络安全漏洞影响的各方提起的，该漏洞导致被告 DAO 区块链协议上存储的加密货币被盗。在这种情况下，DAO 是..." }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Act regulating features that harm child users (SB 287)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB287", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the California State Senate amended the Act regulating features that harm child users (SB 287). The Act would prohibit social media platforms from using designs, algorithms, practices, affordances, and features that they know, or could be reasonably expected to know, causing child users to engage in actions included in the Act. The actions outlined include receiving content facilitating the purchase of Fentanyl, inflicting harm or self-harm, developing an eating disorder, re...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "规范伤害儿童用户的功能的法案 (SB 287)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，加利福尼亚州参议院修订了规范伤害儿童用户功能的法案 (SB 287)。该法案将禁止社交媒体平台使用他们知道或合理预期知道的设计、算法、实践、可供性和功能，导致儿童用户参与该法案中包含的行为。概述的行动包括接收促进购买芬太尼的内容、造成伤害或自残、出现饮食失调、重新……" }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Honest Ads Act (HR 2599)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2599/text?s=1&r=32", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Honest Ads Act (HR 2599) was reintroduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act aims to prevent foreign interference in future US elections and improve the transparency of online political advertising. The Act would give the Federal Election Commission (FEC) the power to monitor and regulate political advertising online, similar to those already in place for television, radio and satellite platforms. Under the Act, digital platforms with at least 50 million monthly...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "诚实广告法 (HR 2599)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 13 日，美国众议院重新引入《诚实广告法案》(HR 2599)。该法案旨在防止外国干涉未来的美国选举，并提高在线政治广告的透明度。该法案将赋予联邦选举委员会（FEC）监督和监管在线政治广告的权力，类似于电视、广播和卫星平台已有的规定。根据该法案，每月至少有 5000 万用户的数字平台..." }, { "date": "12 January 2022", "title": "Bulletin on HIPAA Requirements for Online Tracking Technologies", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/hipaa-online-tracking/index.html#ftn8", "description": "On 1 December 2022, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the US Health and Human Services (HHS) Department issued a Bulletin to enhance the obligations of covered entities under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Rules about the usage of online tracking technologies, which regulates requirements for personal data processing, specifically protected health information (PHI). The Bulletin highlights that tracking technologies cannot be used for impermissible disclosu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于在线跟踪技术的 HIPAA 要求的公告", "description_zh": "2022 年 12 月 1 日，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室 (OCR) 发布公告，加强《健康保险流通与责任法案》(HIPAA) 规则下所涵盖实体有关在线跟踪技术使用的义务，该规则规范了个人数据处理的要求，特别是受保护的健康信息 (PHI)。该公告强调，跟踪技术不能用于未经许可的披露..." }, { "date": "16 March 2023", "title": "Investigation into BitPay by New York State Department of Financial Services", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2023/03/ea20230316_bitpay.pdf", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFSS) announced it had reached a settlement in its investigation into BitPay for alleged deficiencies in the company's cybersecurity regulations and anti-money laundering (AML) compliance programs as required under the Virtual Currency Regulation. In particular, the NYSDFSS announced that BitPay will pay a penalty of USD 1 million and submit a remediation plan within 180 days outlining measures for improvement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约州金融服务部对 BitPay 的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 16 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYSDFSS) 宣布已就 BitPay 调查达成和解，调查涉嫌该公司网络安全法规和反洗钱 (AML) 合规计划存在虚拟货币法规要求的缺陷。特别是，NYSDFSS 宣布 BitPay 将支付 100 万美元的罚款，并在 180 天内提交一份概述改进措施的补救计划。" }, { "date": "19 April 2023", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Online Privacy Act of 2023 (HR 2701)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2701/actions?s=1&r=32", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the Online Privacy Act of 2023 (HR 2701) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The Act reintroduces the provisions outlined in the HR 6027 of 2021, which failed to pass before the Congress 117th adjourned. In particular, the Act would establish a Digital Privacy Agency that would have the power to enforce the obligations outlined in the Bill.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年在线隐私法 (HR 2701) 中的数据保护机构治理", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 19 日，美国众议院提出了《2023 年在线隐私法案》(HR 2701)。该法案重新引入了 2021 年 HR 6027 中概述的条款，该条款在国会第 117 次休会前未能通过。特别是，该法案将建立一个数字隐私机构，该机构有权执行该法案中概述的义务。" }, { "date": "19 April 2023", "title": "New York State Attorney General Guide on Protection of Consumers’ Online Personal Information", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2023/attorney-general-james-releases-data-security-guide-help-businesses-better", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the Office of the New York State Attorney General released a guide entitled \"Protecting consumers' personal information: Tips for businesses to keep data safe and secure\", aiming to help companies strengthen their data security and protect consumers' digital data. In particular, the guide outlines recommendations, including maintaining controls for secure authentication, encrypting sensitive customer information, ensuring service providers use reasonable security measures, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约州总检察长消费者在线个人信息保护指南", "description_zh": "2023年4月19日，纽约州总检察长办公室发布了题为《保护消费者个人信息：企业保持数据安全的提示》的指南，旨在帮助企业加强数据安全，保护消费者的数字数据。该指南特别概述了建议，包括维护安全身份验证控制、加密敏感客户信息、确保服务提供商使用合理的安全措施、..." }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Act relating to social media data collection of children (HF 712)", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=90&ba=HF712", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Iowa Act relating to social media data collection of children (HF 712) was rejected after failing to pass before the legislature session adjourned. The Act would have prohibited social media platforms from collecting, using, or disclosing children's personal information unless verifiable parental consent is obtained prior to the collection, use, or disclosure of information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与儿童社交媒体数据收集相关的法案（HF 712）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 4 日，有关儿童社交媒体数据收集的爱荷华州法案 (HF 712) 在立法机关休会前未能通过，因此被否决。该法案将禁止社交媒体平台收集、使用或披露儿童的个人信息，除非在收集、使用或披露信息之前获得可验证的父母同意。" }, { "date": "23 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Amendments Bill (SB 127)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0127.html", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Cybersecurity Amendments Bill (SB 127) was signed by the Utah Governor. The Bill will require companies who own or license computerised data that includes personal information to conduct an investigation when there is a breach of system security in order to determine the likelihood that personal information has been or will be misused for identity theft or fraud purposes. If an investigation reveals that the misuse of personal information for identity theft or fraud purp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全修正案 (SB 127)", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 23 日，犹他州州长签署了网络安全修正案法案 (SB 127)。该法案将要求拥有或许可包含个人信息的计算机化数据的公司在系统安全遭到破坏时进行调查，以确定个人信息已经或将被滥用于身份盗窃或欺诈目的的可能性。如果调查显示滥用个人信息进行身份盗窃或欺诈..." }, { "date": "19 April 2023", "title": "Investigation into crypto firms for AI-related investment fraud", "url": "https://dfpi.ca.gov/2023/04/19/dfpi-launches-sweep-of-investment-fraud-claiming-ties-to-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the California Department of Financial Protection & Innovation (DFPI) issued several cease and desist orders against five crypto firms for investment fraud. The orders concern Maxpread Technologies, Harvest Keeper, Visque Capital, Coinbot, and QuantFund. The DFPI claimed that these firms took advantage of the buzz around artificial intelligence (AI) and used its appeal to falsely market themselves as offering so-called high-yield investment funds. The investors were informed...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对加密货币公司人工智能相关投资欺诈的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 19 日，加州金融保护与创新部 (DFPI) 针对五家投资欺诈的加密货币公司发布了几项停止令。这些订单涉及 Maxpread Technologies、Harvest Keeper、Visque Capital、Coinbot 和 QuantFund。 DFPI 声称，这些公司利用人工智能 (AI) 的热潮，利用其吸引力虚假宣传自己提供所谓的高收益投资基金。投资者被告知..." }, { "date": "25 April 2023", "title": "Joint Statement on enforcement efforts against discrimination and bias in automated systems", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/EEOC-CRT-FTC-CFPB-AI-Joint-Statement%28final%29.pdf", "description": "On 25 April 2023, representatives of the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued a Joint Statement on enforcement efforts against discrimination and bias in automated systems. The Joint Statement outlines their commitment to enforce their respective regulations to promote responsible innovation in automated systems including artificial intelligence (AI). In...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于打击自动化系统中歧视和偏见的执法行动的联合声明", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 25 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC)、司法部 (DOJ)、消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 和平等就业机会委员会 (EEOC) 的代表发布了一份关于打击自动化系统中歧视和偏见的执法行动的联合声明。联合声明概述了双方承诺执行各自的法规，以促进包括人工智能 (AI) 在内的自动化系统的负责任创新。在..." }, { "date": "13 June 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment Act (SCOPE Act/ HB 18)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=HB18", "description": "On 13 June 2023, the Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment Act (SCOPE Act/ HB 18), including data protection regulation, was signed into law by the Governor of Texas. The Act would require digital service providers to enable parents, at the point of account creation for a minor, to permanently enable certain privacy settings and prevent the collection of certain types of information. Further, digital service providers would be required to give parents certain user rights in re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《通过《父母赋权法》保护儿童上网安全》（SCOPE 法/ HB 18）中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 13 日，包括数据保护法规在内的《通过家长赋权保护儿童在线法案》（SCOPE Act/HB 18）由德克萨斯州州长签署成为法律。该法案将要求数字服务提供商让父母在为未成年人创建帐户时永久启用某些隐私设置并阻止收集某些类型的信息。此外，数字服务提供商将被要求给予父母一定的用户权利……" }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "NIST Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography", "url": "https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/news-insights/nccoe-releases-preliminary-draft-nist-sp-1800-38a-migration-post-quantum-cryptography", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closed the public consultation on the Draft Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography: Preparation for Considering the Implementation and Adoption of Quantum Safe Cryptography. The draft is addressed to organisations that use cryptographic products, protocols, and services employing public-key algorithms. The NIST focuses on the migration to post-quantum cryptography to replace current cryptographic algorithms that are vul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 向后量子密码学的迁移", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了关于《后量子密码学迁移草案：考虑实施和采用量子安全密码学的准备》的公众咨询。该草案面向使用采用公钥算法的加密产品、协议和服务的组织。 NIST 专注于向后量子密码学的迁移，以取代当前存在漏洞的密码算法。" }, { "date": "4 May 2023", "title": "Department of Treasury's Office investigation into Genesis Market over alleged illegal commercialisation of personal data", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1388", "description": "On 5 April 2023, the US Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Genesis Market over its involvement in the theft and sale of device credentials and related sensitive information, including personal data. The OFAC designated Genesis Market as an illicit marketplace. In particular, OFAC issued a seizure order requiring all property and interests in the property of Genesis Market that are in the United States or the possession ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国财政部办公室对 Genesis Market 涉嫌非法将个人数据商业化进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 5 日，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 (OFAC) 就 Genesis Market 参与盗窃和出售设备凭证及相关敏感信息（包括个人数据）的调查发布了裁决。 OFAC 将 Genesis Market 指定为非法市场。特别是，OFAC 发布了扣押令，要求 Genesis Market 位于美国或拥有的所有财产和财产权益......" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "Assuring Safe, Secure, Ethical, and Stable Systems for AI Act (ASSESS AI/S 1356)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1356", "description": "On 27 April 2023, US Senator Michael Bennet introduced the Assuring Safe, Secure, Ethical, and Stable Systems for AI Act (ASSESS AI/S 1356) to establish a cabinet-level AI Task Force that would aim to assess the current policies and legal gaps in the use of AI by the government at the federal level. The Task Force, which would include representatives from industry, academia, and nonprofit organisations, would recommend specific legislative and regulatory reforms to ensure the responsible use...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《确保人工智能系统安全、可靠、道德和稳定》法案 (ASSESS AI/S 1356)", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 27 日，美国参议员 Michael Bennet 提出了《确保人工智能安全、可靠、道德和稳定系统法案》(ASSESS AI/S 1356)，以建立内阁级人工智能工作组，旨在评估联邦一级政府在使用人工智能方面的现行政策和法律差距。该工作组将包括来自工业界、学术界和非营利组织的代表，他们将建议具体的立法和监管改革，以确保负责任的使用……" }, { "date": "21 April 2023", "title": "IRS Memorandum on Taxation of Cryptocurrency after Protocol Upgrade", "url": "https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-wd/202316008.pdf", "description": "On 21 April 2023, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issued a memorandum for taxpayers holding a certain type of cryptocurrency. Specifically, it concerns cryptocurrency using distributed ledger technology (DLT) which recently underwent a protocol upgrade. A protocol upgrade is defined as a change in the algorithm where blockchains move from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake consensus mechanisms. The IRS stated that the protocol upgrade does not alter the transaction history of the cryptocurren...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国国税局关于协议升级后加密货币征税的备忘录", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 21 日，美国国税局 (IRS) 为持有某种加密货币的纳税人发布了一份备忘录。具体来说，它涉及使用分布式账本技术（DLT）的加密货币，该技术最近进行了协议升级。协议升级被定义为算法的变化，其中区块链从工作量证明转向权益证明共识机制。美国国税局表示，协议升级不会改变加密货币的交易历史......" }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "White House Office of Science and Technology Policy inquiry into Automated Worker Surveillance and Management", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2023/05/01/hearing-from-the-american-people-how-are-automated-tools-being-used-to-surveil-monitor-and-manage-workers/", "description": "On 15 June 2023, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) closed the public consultation on the Automated Worker Surveillance and Management inquiry. The OSTP gathered information on automated tools companies use to surveil, monitor, evaluate, and manage workers. In particular, the OSTP requested information on automated technologies' design, implementation, frequency, and consequences. The OSTP stated that based on the inquiry findings, it aims to issue policy recommend...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "白宫科技政策办公室对自动化工人监视和管理进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 15 日，白宫科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 结束了有关自动化工人监视和管理调查的公众咨询。 OSTP 收集了公司用于监视、监控、评估和管理员工的自动化工具的信息。 OSTP 特别要求提供有关自动化技术的设计、实施、频率和后果的信息。 OSTP 表示，根据调查结果，其旨在发布政策建议......" }, { "date": "17 February 2023", "title": "Illinois Consumer Financial Protection Law (HB3483)", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=3483&GAID=17&GA=103&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=148650&SessionID=112", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Illinois Consumer Financial Protection Law (HB3483) was introduced into the General Assembly of Illinois. The Bill introduces consumer protection provisions with a focus on cybersecurity. In particular, financial entities will be required to set up cyber security systems to assure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information systems and nonpublic information stored on those information systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州消费者金融保护法 (HB3483)", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 17 日，伊利诺伊州消费者金融保护法 (HB3483) 被提交伊利诺伊州议会。该法案引入了以网络安全为重点的消费者保护条款。特别是，金融实体将被要求建立网络安全系统，以确保信息系统以及存储在这些信息系统上的非公开信息的机密性、完整性和可用性。" }, { "date": "21 May 2025", "title": "Strengthening Transparency and Obligations to Protect Children Suffering from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2023 (STOP CSAM Act/S. 1199)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1829", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the Strengthening Transparency and Obligations to Protect Children Suffering from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2025 (STOP CSAM Act of 2025/S. 1829) was reintroduced in the 119th United States Congress. The Bill amends Title 18 of the US Code to include provisions for multidisciplinary child abuse teams, protected information safeguards, and mandatory CyberTipline reporting, with penalties for non-compliance. It also introduces liability for interactive computer services hosti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年《加强透明度和义务以保护遭受虐待和虐待的儿童法案》（STOP CSAM 法案/S.1199）", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 21 日，第 119 届美国国会重新提出了《2025 年加强保护遭受虐待和虐待儿童的透明度和义务法案》（2025 年 STOP CSAM 法案/S.1829）。该法案修订了《美国法典》第 18 章，纳入了关于多学科虐待儿童小组、受保护信息保障和强制性 Cyber​​Tipline 报告的规定，并对违规行为进行了处罚。它还引入了交互式计算机服务主机的责任..." }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act of 2023 (COPPA/S 1418/ HR 7890)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/836/text?s=2&r=3", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA 2.0/SB 836) was reintroduced in the Senate. The Bill includes provisions restricting operators of online platforms from allowing minors to publicly post personal information without parental consent. It mandates the implementation of mechanisms for minors and parents to delete such information and prohibits the retention of republished content containing a minor's personal data. These measures aim to enhance content...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年《儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法》中的内容审核规定 (COPPA/S 1418/ HR 7890)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 4 日，参议院重新提出《儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法》(COPPA 2.0/SB 836)。该法案包括限制网络平台运营商允许未成年人未经父母同意公开发布个人信息的条款。它要求实施未成年人和家长删除此类信息的机制，并禁止保留包含未成年人个人数据的重新发布的内容。这些措施旨在增强内容..." }, { "date": "5 September 2023", "title": "My Health My Data Act (LD 1902/HP 1217)", "url": "http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?ld=1902&PID=1456&snum=131", "description": "On 9 May 2023, the My Health My Data Act (LD 1902/HP 1217) was introduced in the Maine House of Representatives. The Act aims to establish consumer rights regarding to health data and outlines obligations for entities processing such information. Regulated entities would be required to disclose health data privacy policies and obtain consent for collecting and sharing certain types of consumer health data. Further, the Act would forbid both the sale of consumer health data and the implementat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "我的健康我的数据法案 (LD 1902/HP 1217)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 9 日，缅因州众议院提出了《我的健康我的数据法案》(LD 1902/HP 1217)。该法案旨在确立消费者对健康数据的权利，并概述处理此类信息的实体的义务。受监管实体将被要求披露健康数据隐私政策，并获得收集和共享某些类型的消费者健康数据的同意。此外，该法案将禁止出售消费者健康数据并禁止实施……" }, { "date": "5 February 2023", "title": "You Own the Data Act (YODA/H 3045) establishing user ownership of data", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3045/text?s=1&r=34", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the You Own the Data Act (YODA/H 3045), establishing user ownership of data, was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The Act aims to restrict entities from demanding the transfer or monetisation of private data as a condition for providing services and would require entities to obtain user consent for collecting personal data. The Act would establish a private right of action, enabling individuals to bring legal action against companies that violate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《您拥有数据法案》(YODA/H 3045) 确立了用户对数据的所有权", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 2 日，美国众议院提出了《你拥有数据法案》(YODA/H 3045)，确立了用户对数据的所有权。该法案旨在限制实体要求将私人数据转移或货币化作为提供服务的条件，并要求实体在收集个人数据时获得用户同意。该法案将建立私人诉讼权，使个人能够对违反……的公司提起法律诉讼。" }, { "date": "18 November 2021", "title": "Online Privacy Act of 2021 (H.R.6027) including data protection authority governance requirements", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/6027/text?s=9&r=2&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Online+Privacy+Act%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 18 November 2021, Representative Eshoo introduced House Bill H.R.6027, establishing a Digital Privacy Agency with wide rulemaking authority.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2021 年在线隐私法 (H.R.6027)，包括数据保护机构治理要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 18 日，众议员 Eshoo 提出了众议院法案 H.R.6027，建立一个拥有广泛规则制定权的数字隐私机构。" }, { "date": "1 March 2023", "title": "Stopping Unlawful Negative Machine Impacts through National Evaluation Act (S.5351)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/5351/text?s=1&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Stopping+Unlawful+Negative+Machine+Impacts+through+National+Evaluation%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 3 January 2023, the “Stopping Unlawful Negative Machine Impacts through National Evaluation Act” (S.5351) was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通过国家评估法案 (S.5351) 制止非法的负面机器影响", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 3 日，“通过国家评估法案制止非法负面机器影响”（S.5351）因未能在第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被否决。" }, { "date": "16 July 2021", "title": "H.R.4468 - AI for Agency Impact Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4468?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Artificial+Intelligence+Initiative+Act%22%5D%7D&s=9&r=8", "description": "On 16 July 2021, Representative Maloney introduced the AI for Agency Impact Act. This bill would require each federal agency to establish and implement an artificial intelligence (AI) strategy, objectives, and metrics plan, and it details its contents and requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "H.R.4468 - 人工智能机构影响法案", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 16 日，马洛尼众议员提出了《人工智能机构影响法案》。该法案将要求每个联邦机构建立并实施人工智能（AI）战略、目标和指标计划，并详细说明其内容和要求。" }, { "date": "11 April 2021", "title": "Consumer Online Privacy Rights Act (COPRA)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3195", "description": "On 4 November 2021, Senator Cantwell introduced the Consumer Online Privacy Rights Act, establishing requirements and protections for entities that process or transfer consumer data, such as publishing their privacy policies, providing individuals with access to their personal data, and deleting or correcting information upon request. The bill would also prohibit deceptive or harmful data practices and sets limitations on processing or transferring sensitive data without explicit consent. Cov...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者在线隐私权法案 (COPRA)", "description_zh": "2021 年 11 月 4 日，坎特韦尔参议员提出了《消费者在线隐私权法案》，为处理或传输消费者数据的实体制定了要求和保护，例如发布其隐私政策、向个人提供对其个人数据的访问权限，以及根据要求删除或更正信息。该法案还将禁止欺骗性或有害的数据行为，并对未经明确同意的处理或传输敏感数据设置限制。冠状病毒..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Florida: Central Bank Digital Currency (SB 7054)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2023/7054/?Tab=BillHistory", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Central Bank Digital Currency Bill (SB 7054) was implemented in Florida. The bill effectively prohibits the use of a federally adopted CBDC by excluding it from the definition of money within Florida’s Uniform Commercial Code, the state’s governing law for commercial transactions.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州：中央银行数字货币（SB 7054）", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 1 日，佛罗里达州实施中央银行数字货币法案（SB 7054）。该法案将联邦政府采用的 CBDC 排除在该州商业交易管辖法律佛罗里达州《统一商法典》的货币定义之外，从而有效地禁止使用联邦政府采用的 CBDC。" }, { "date": "5 August 2023", "title": "Public Lawsuit regarding alleged illegal data governance practices (Colorado Attorney General v Ifficient Inc.)", "url": "https://coag.gov/app/uploads/2023/05/2023.05.08-CO-Ifficient-AOD-as-signed.pdf", "description": "On 8 May 2023, Colorado Attorney General Weiser announced it had entered into an assurance of discontinuance with “Ifficient Inc.”, a technology-based interactive marketing company. The Attorney General found that Ifficient violated the Colorado Consumer Protection Act by selling personal data without an individual’s consent after being hired to provide public comments to submissions on the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) consultation on net neutrality. Ifficient sold this data and m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于涉嫌非法数据治理做法的公共诉讼（科罗拉多州总检察长诉 Ifficient Inc.）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 8 日，科罗拉多州总检察长 Weiser 宣布已与一家基于技术的互动营销公司“Ifficient Inc.”达成终止协议。总检察长发现，Ifficient 受雇为联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 网络中立性咨询意见书提供公众意见后，未经个人同意出售个人数据，违反了科罗拉多州消费者保护法。 Ifficient 出售了这些数据并..." }, { "date": "23 July 2023", "title": "Act Relating to cybersecurity (SB 5518)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5518&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 23 July 2023, the Act Relating to cybersecurity (SB 5518) entered into force. The Act establishes a cybersecurity advisory committee to support public and private efforts in protecting data and reducing cyber threats such as ransomware incidents. The committee is considered a subcommittee of the cybersecurity emergency council. The committee would oversee the creation of risk profiles, outline each sector's specific vulnerabilities and issue guidance to support risk mitigation. Furthermor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全相关法案 (SB 5518)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 23 日，《网络安全相关法案》(SB 5518) 生效。该法案设立了一个网络安全咨询委员会，以支持公共和私人在保护数据和减少勒索软件事件等网络威胁方面的努力。该委员会被视为网络安全紧急委员会的一个小组委员会。该委员会将监督风险概况的创建，概述每个部门的具体漏洞，并发布支持风险缓解的指南。此外..." }, { "date": "5 March 2023", "title": "Utah Online Pornography Viewing Age Requirements (SB 287)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2023/bills/static/SB0287.html", "description": "On 3 May 2023, the Bill regarding Online Pornography Viewing Age Requirements (SB 287) came into force. Under the Bill, commercial entities offering pornography and other explicit content deemed harmful to minors as a significant part of their offerings must verify the age of individuals accessing such content. The legislation sets guidelines and makes publishers and distributors of harmful material to minors liable for non-compliance with age verification requirements. Additionally, Bill sta...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州在线色情内容观看年龄要求 (SB 287)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 3 日，有关在线色情内容观看年龄要求的法案 (SB 287) 生效。根据该法案，提供色情内容和其他被认为对未成年人有害的露骨内容作为其产品重要组成部分的商业实体必须验证访问此类内容的个人的年龄。该立法制定了指导方针，并要求向未成年人传播有害材料的出版商和分销商对不遵守年龄验证要求的行为承担责任。此外，比尔斯塔..." }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Act to regulate pornographic media exposure to children (SB 2346)", "url": "http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2023/pdf/history/SB/SB2346.xml", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Act to regulate pornographic media exposure to children (SB 2346) entered into force. The Act stipulates that any commercial entity knowingly or intentionally distributing adult content on the internet from a website containing a significant amount of such material is held responsible if they fail to employ adequate age verification methods to confirm the age of individuals attempting to access the content. Moreover, the Act requires websites to remove personal information...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "规范儿童接触色情媒体的法案（SB 2346）", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 1 日，《规范儿童接触色情媒体的法案》(SB 2346) 生效。该法案规定，任何商业实体如果未能采用适当的年龄验证方法来确认试图访问该内容的个人的年龄，则故意或故意在互联网上从包含大量此类材料的网站分发成人内容，将承担责任。此外，该法案要求网站删除个人信息......" }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "Stopping Harmful Image Exploitation and Limiting Distribution Act of 2023 (SHIELD Act/S 412)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/412/text?s=1&r=69", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the Stopping Harmful Image Exploitation and Limiting Distribution Act of 2023 (SHIELD Act/S 412) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act would prohibit the distribution of \"intimate visual depictions\", defined as images of individuals above 18 years old that depict them engaging in sexually explicit conduct or unclothed, without their explicit consent or awareness. The distribution of a \"visual depiction of a nude minor\" would be prohibited and classified as a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年停止有害图像利用和限制分发法案（SHIELD Act/S 412）", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 14 日，美国参议院提出了《2023 年停止有害图像利用和限制分发法案》(SHIELD Act/S 412)。该法案将禁止传播“亲密视觉描述”，“亲密视觉描述”是指 18 岁以上个人在未经明确同意或不知情的情况下进行露骨性行为或赤身露体的图像。分发“未成年人裸体视觉描绘”将被禁止并被归类为......" }, { "date": "17 May 2023", "title": "FTC investigation into Premom App, Easy Healthcare Corporation, compliance with the Health Breach Notification Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ovulation-tracking-app-premom-will-be-barred-sharing-health-data-advertising-under-proposed-ftc", "description": "On 17 May 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Premom App, owned by Easy Healthcare Corporation, compliance with the Health Breach Notification Rule. The FTC stated that sensitive consumer data was disclosed to third parties, including China-based firms, AppsFlyer and Google, for advertising purposes. The FTC alleged that Premom App shared data on sexual and reproductive health, parental and pregnancy status, social media account information, ge...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Premom App、Easy Healthcare Corporation 违反健康违规通知规则的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 17 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 就 Easy Healthcare Corporation 旗下 Premom App 遵守健康违规通知规则的调查发布裁决。 FTC 表示，出于广告目的，敏感的消费者数据被披露给第三方，包括中国公司、AppsFlyer 和谷歌。 FTC 指控 Premom 应用程序共享有关性健康和生殖健康、父母和怀孕状况、社交媒体帐户信息、年龄等方面的数据。" }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Amended FTC Health Breach Notification Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/04/ftc-finalizes-changes-health-breach-notification-rule", "description": "On 26 April 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted amendments to the Health Breach Notification Rule (HBNR). The Health Breach Notification Rule (HBNR) applies to health apps and similar technologies that are not covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The finalised changes to the HBNR expand the information that entities must provide to consumers in case of a breach of their health data. The amended rule includes revised definitions, clarifica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订后的 FTC 健康违规通知规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 26 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 通过了健康违规通知规则 (HBNR) 的修正案。健康违规通知规则 (HBNR) 适用于健康保险流通与责任法案 (HIPAA) 未涵盖的健康应用程序和类似技术。 HBNR 的最终变更扩大了实体在健康数据泄露时必须向消费者提供的信息。修订后的规则包括修订的定义、澄清..." }, { "date": "31 March 2024", "title": "Act relating to data privacy (SB 370)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/82nd2023/Bill/10323/Overview", "description": "On 31 March 2024, the Act relating to data privacy (SB 370) entered into force. The Act prohibits entities from collecting and processing consumer health data without obtaining their explicit consent. Furthermore, the Act prohibits the selling, offering or transferring of consumer health data under specific circumstances, using geofencing, and discriminating against consumers if they don't consent to health data collection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与数据隐私相关的法案 (SB 370)", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 31 日，数据隐私相关法案 (SB 370) 生效。该法案禁止实体在未经消费者明确同意的情况下收集和处理消费者健康数据。此外，该法案禁止在特定情况下出售、提供或转移消费者健康数据，禁止使用地理围栏，并禁止在消费者不同意收集健康数据的情况下歧视消费者。" }, { "date": "13 July 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit involving the preemption of Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (Jones v Google)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/13/21-16281.pdf", "description": "On 13 July 2023, the Court of Appeals published its order and amended opinion regarding the case Jones v Google. The plaintiffs filed a lawsuit against Google LLC, YouTube, LLC, and several content creators, alleging violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The plaintiffs claimed that Google used persistent identifiers to collect data and track their online behaviour without their consent. The district court dismissed the complaint, stating that the claims were pree...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及儿童在线隐私保护法优先权的民事诉讼（琼斯诉谷歌）", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 13 日，上诉法院发布了有关“琼斯诉谷歌”案的命令和修正意见。原告对 Google LLC、YouTube, LLC 和几家内容创作者提起诉讼，指控其违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》(COPPA)。原告声称，谷歌在未经他们同意的情况下使用持久标识符来收集数据并跟踪他们的在线行为。地区法院驳回了申诉，称这些索赔已..." }, { "date": "22 May 2023", "title": "FTC public lawsuit against Edmodo for allegedly collecting children's personal data in violation of Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-says-ed-tech-provider-edmodo-unlawfully-used-childrens-personal-information-advertising", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California approved the order and the settlement agreement proposed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in the public lawsuit against Edmodo, educational technology platform, for violations of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act Rule (COPPA Rule). The FTC alleged that Edmodo collected personal data from minors without their parent's consent for advertising purposes in violation of the COPPA Rule. The app...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Edmodo 提起公开诉讼，指控其收集儿童个人数据违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 22 日，美国加州北区地方法院批准了联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 在针对教育技术平台 Edmodo 违反《儿童在线隐私保护法规则》（COPPA 规则）的公开诉讼中提出的命令和和解协议。 FTC 指控 Edmodo 在未经未成年人父母同意的情况下收集未成年人的个人数据用于广告目的，违反了 COPPA 规则。该应用程序..." }, { "date": "23 May 2023", "title": "Action Plan to Protect Youth Mental Health, Safety, and Privacy Online", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/05/23/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-actions-to-protect-youth-mental-health-safety-privacy-online/", "description": "On 23 May 2023, the US Biden-Harris Administration announced actions to protect youth mental health, safety, and privacy online. Firstly, a Task Force on Kids' Online Health & Safety will be established to develop policies to protect minors' health, safety, and privacy of minors online. The Task Force will identify risks associated with online platforms, explore potential health benefits, and recommend measures to assess, prevent, and mitigate harm. The Task Force will review existing industr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护青少年在线心理健康、安全和隐私的行动计划", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 23 日，美国拜登-哈里斯政府宣布采取行动保护青少年在线心理健康、安全和隐私。首先，将成立儿童在线健康与安全工作组，制定保护未成年人在线健康、安全和隐私的政策。该工作组将识别与在线平台相关的风险，探索潜在的健康益处，并提出评估、预防和减轻伤害的措施建议。该工作组将审查现有的行业..." }, { "date": "23 August 2022", "title": "Lawsuit against Snapchat for alleged violation of the Biometric Information Privacy Act (Boone, et al. v. Snap Inc.)", "url": "https://www.snapillinoisbipasettlement.com/", "description": "On 23 August 2022, a settlement was reached in the civil lawsuit against Snap Inc. for alleged violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). To resolve the matter, Snap Inc. agreed to pay USD 35 million. However the company denies any liability or wrongdoing. As per the class-action complaint, Snapchat's \"Lenses\" feature, which enables users to add special effects to photos by scanning the geometry of a person's face, allegedly violated the Biometric Information Privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Snapchat 涉嫌违反《生物识别信息隐私法》的诉讼（Boone 等人诉 Snap Inc.）", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 23 日，针对 Snap Inc. 涉嫌违反伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法 (BIPA) 的民事诉讼达成和解。为了解决这一问题，Snap Inc. 同意支付 3500 万美元。但该公司否认有任何责任或不当行为。根据集体诉讼诉状，Snapchat 的“镜头”功能使用户能够通过扫描人脸的几何形状为照片添加特效，据称违反了生物识别信息隐私权……" }, { "date": "25 May 2023", "title": "NYSDFS investigation into OneMain Financial Group over alleged cybersecurity regulation violations", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202305251", "description": "On 25 May 2023, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYSDFS) announced that it had reached a settlement with OneMain Financial Group in the investigation into its alleged cybersecurity regulation violations. Under the reached settlement, OneMain Financial Group is required to pay a USD 4.25 million penalty, implement technical measures to protect its cybersecurity systems and safeguard consumer data. The NYSDFS stated that OneMain Financial Group breached the Cybersecurity Re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NYSDFS 对 OneMain 金融集团涉嫌违反网络安全法规的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 25 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYSDFS) 宣布，已与 OneMain Financial Group 就其涉嫌违反网络安全监管行为的调查达成和解。根据达成的和解协议，万主金融集团需支付 425 万美元罚款，并采取技术措施保护其网络安全系统和消费者数据。 NYSDFS 表示 OneMain 金融集团违反了网络安全审查..." }, { "date": "30 May 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on Responsibility for Hosting Images of Child Pornography on Website (Jane Does v. Reddit)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/22-695.html", "description": "On 30 May 2023, the US Supreme Court declined to hear the Jane Does v. Reddit lawsuit (21-56293) on the platform's responsibility for hosting images of child pornography on its website. Upon request, the platform removed the respective images, although it did not remove all subsequent reposts. The dispute centered around Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (CDA), which grants online platforms broad immunity from legal responsibility for user-generated content. At issue in the case w...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于在网站上托管儿童色情图片的责任的诉讼（JaneDoes诉Reddit）", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 30 日，美国最高法院拒绝审理 JaneDoes 诉 Reddit 诉讼 (21-56293)，该诉讼涉及该平台在其网站上托管儿童色情图片的责任。根据要求，该平台删除了相应的图片，但并未删除所有后续转发。这场争议围绕《通信规范法案》(CDA) 第 230 条展开，该法案赋予在线平台广泛的豁免权，使其免受用户生成内容的法律责任。本案争议焦点是..." }, { "date": "19 July 2023", "title": "FTC and DoJ lawsuit against Amazon for alleged violation of the COPPA Rule", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/amazon-agrees-injunctive-relief-and-25-million-civil-penalty-alleged-violations-childrens", "description": "On 19 July 2023, the Department of Justice (DoJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced they reached a settlement with Amazon over violations of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act Rule (COPPA Rule) and the FTC Act. According to the complaint, Amazon was accused of retaining children’s voice recordings indefinitely by default, making deceptive representations that Alexa app users could delete their children’s voice record...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 和司法部对亚马逊提起诉讼，指控其违反 COPPA 规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 19 日，美国司法部 (DoJ) 和联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布与亚马逊就违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》(COPPA)、《儿童在线隐私保护法规则》(COPPA 规则) 和《FTC 法案》达成和解。根据起诉书，亚马逊被指控默认无限期保留儿童的语音记录，并做出欺骗性的陈述，称 Alexa 应用程序用户可以删除其儿童的语音记录......" }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "FTC public lawsuit against Amazon’s Ring over alleged violations of privacy and security requirements", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-says-ring-employees-illegally-surveilled-customers-failed-stop-hackers-taking-control-users", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a public lawsuit and injunction order against Ring, a home security camera company owned by Amazon, over alleged violations of privacy and security requirements, which resulted in the prejudice of its customers’ privacy. According to the FTC, Ring failed to restrict employees' and contractors' access to consumers’ private videos and enabled various hacking attacks by not implementing privacy and security protection measures. The FTC ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对亚马逊 Ring 提起公开诉讼，指控其违反隐私和安全要求", "description_zh": "2023年5月31日，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）对亚马逊旗下的家庭安全摄像头公司Ring提起公开诉讼并发出禁令，指控其违反隐私和安全要求，导致其客户隐私受到损害。 FTC 表示，Ring 未能限制员工和承包商访问消费者的私人视频，并因未实施隐私和安全保护措施而引发各种黑客攻击。联邦贸易委员会..." }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Language-Inclusive Support and Transparency for Online Services Act of 2023 (LISTOS Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1801?s=1&r=4", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Language-Inclusive Support and Transparency for Online Services Act of 2023 (LISTOS Act) was introduced to the US Senate. The Act applies to platforms, including websites, internet applications, or mobile internet applications, that allow users to create, share, view, or search for and access user-generated or third-party content and have at least 10’000’000 monthly active users for 3 or more of the past 12 months within the United States. In particular, the Act would requ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年在线服务语言包容性支持和透明度法案（LISTOS 法案）中的内容审核监管", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 1 日，《2023 年在线服务语言包容性支持和透明度法案》（LISTOS 法案）被提交给美国参议院。该法案适用于允许用户创建、共享、查看或搜索和访问用户生成或第三方内容的平台，包括网站、互联网应用程序或移动互联网应用程序，并且在过去 12 个月中的 3 个月或以上在美国拥有至少 10,000,000 名每月活跃用户。特别是，该法案要求..." }, { "date": "24 June 2024", "title": "CFPB Quality Control Standards Rule for Automated Valuation Models", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/cfpb-approves-rule-to-ensure-accuracy-and-accountability-in-the-use-of-ai-and-algorithms-in-home-appraisals/", "description": "On 24 June 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) adopted Quality Control Standards for Automated Valuation Models. These standards address both current and future applications of complex algorithms and artificial intelligence used to estimate home values. The goal is to eliminate inaccuracies and biases that can arise when these algorithms are applied. The standards require companies using these algorithmic appraisal tools to implement safeguards that ensure high confidence i...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CFPB 自动估值模型质量控制标准规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 24 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 通过了自动估值模型的质量控制标准。这些标准解决了用于评估房屋价值的复杂算法和人工智能当前和未来的应用。目标是消除应用这些算法时可能出现的不准确和偏差。该标准要求使用这些算法评估工具的公司实施保障措施，以确保高度可信..." }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "California Journalism Preservation Act (AB 886)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB886", "description": "On 31 August 2023, the California Journalism Preservation Act (AB 886) was rejected by the Assembly of California as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Act would have mandated covered online platforms to pay a monthly journalism usage fee to eligible digital journalism providers upon request. Further, covered platforms would have been required the compilation of a list of digital journalism providers and would prohibit the retaliation against suc...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州新闻保护法 (AB 886)", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 31 日，《加州新闻保护法案》(AB 886) 被加州议会否决，因为该法案未能在 2023-2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案将要求所涵盖的在线平台根据要求向符合条件的数字新闻提供商支付每月的新闻使用费。此外，所涵盖的平台将被要求编制一份数字新闻提供商名单，并禁止对此类事件进行报复……" }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Connecticut Act concerning online privacy, data and safety protections (SB 3)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2023/ACT/PA/PDF/2023PA-00056-R00SB-00003-PA.PDF", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the provisions regarding minor protection under the Act Concerning Online Privacy, Data and Safety Protections (SB 3/Act 23-56/Statutes 42-516 thru 42-525) entered into force. The Act requires businesses to protect consumer health data by imposing several measures and contains provisions related to minor data, specifying that a social media platform is required to delete a social media account of a minor if such a request is received from the minor (or the minor's guardians...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康涅狄格州有关在线隐私、数据和安全保护的法案 (SB 3)", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 1 日，《在线隐私、数据和安全保护法案》（SB 3/法案 23-56/法规 42-516 至 42-525）中有关未成年人保护的规定生效。该法案要求企业通过采取多项措施来保护消费者健康数据，并包含与未成年人数据相关的条款，规定社交媒体平台如果收到未成年人（或未成年人监护人）的请求，则必须删除未成年人的社交媒体帐户......" }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "Public lawsuit against Facebook for disclosing user data to Cambridge Analytica (District of Columbia v. Facebook)", "url": "https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/23832813-dc-ag-vs-meta-dismissal?responsive=1&title=1", "description": "On 1 June 203, the Superior Court for the District of Columbia dismissed the public lawsuit brought by the Office of the Attorney General against Facebook for allegedly misleading users by allowing Cambridge Analytica to access personal data without their permission. According to Superior Court Judge Maurice A. Ross, Facebook had not materially misled consumers in their response to Cambridge Analytica. In the ruling, Judge Ross argues that Facebook took several enforcement actions against the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Facebook 向 Cambridge Analytica 披露用户数据的公开诉讼（哥伦比亚特区诉 Facebook）", "description_zh": "203 年 6 月 1 日，哥伦比亚特区高等法院驳回了总检察长办公室对 Facebook 提起的公开诉讼，该诉讼涉嫌允许 Cambridge Analytica 在未经用户许可的情况下访问个人数据而误导用户。高等法院法官 Maurice A. Ross 表示，Facebook 在对 Cambridge Analytica 的回应中并未严重误导消费者。在裁决中，罗斯法官辩称 Facebook 针对……采取了多项执法行动。" }, { "date": "6 May 2023", "title": "Guidance on Privacy Rights under Connecticut Data Privacy Act", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/AG/Sections/Privacy/The-Connecticut-Data-Privacy-Act", "description": "On 5 June 2023, the Connecticut Attorney General issued comprehensive guidance explaining the privacy and data rights of consumers and the obligations of businesses under the “Act Concerning Personal Data Privacy and Online Monitoring” (Connecticut Data Privacy Act) which will enter into force on 1 July 2023. Notably, the guidance highlights the obligation of businesses to collect and process data in a transparent and limited manner and to maintain a privacy notice that clearly describes how ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康涅狄格州数据隐私法下的隐私权指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 5 日，康涅狄格州总检察长发布了全面指南，解释了消费者的隐私和数据权利以及企业根据将于 2023 年 7 月 1 日生效的《个人数据隐私和在线监控法案》（康涅狄格州数据隐私法案）所承担的义务。值得注意的是，该指南强调了企业有义务以透明和有限的方式收集和处理数据，并保留明确说明如何......的隐私声明。" }, { "date": "6 August 2023", "title": "Bill to Support Research About the Impact of Digital Communication Platforms on Society (Platform Accountability and Transparency Act/S 1876)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1876/actions?s=1&r=45", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the Bill to Support Research About the Impact of Digital Communication Platforms on Society (Platform Accountability and Transparency Act/S 1876) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act reintroduces the provisions outlined in the Platform Accountability and Transparency Act (S 797) which was rejected after failing to pass before the 117th Congress adjourned in January 2023. The Act aims to increase transparency and would require social media companies with over 50...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "支持有关数字通信平台对社会影响的研究的法案（平台责任和透明度法案/S 1876）", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 8 日，美国参议院提出了支持研究数字通信平台对社会影响的法案（平台责任和透明度法案/S 1876）。该法案重新引入了《平台责任和透明度法案》(S 797) 中概述的条款，该法案因未能在 2023 年 1 月第 117 届国会休会前获得通过而被拒绝。该法案旨在提高透明度，并要求拥有超过 50 个..." }, { "date": "18 June 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Musical.ly (TikTok) concerning the collection of children personal information", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/bytedance-musical-commission-statement.pdf", "description": "On 18 June 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) referred a complaint to the Department of Justice (DOJ) against TikTok and its parent company ByteDance. The referral originates from an ongoing investigation into TikTok, specifically the assessment of the company’s compliance with a 2019 settlement regarding violations of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The FTC's investigation was expanded to include additional potential breaches of COPPA and the Federal Trade Commiss...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Musical.ly (TikTok) 收集儿童个人信息的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 18 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 向司法部 (DOJ) 转交了针对 TikTok 及其母公司字节跳动的投诉。此次移交源于对 TikTok 的持续调查，特别是对该公司是否遵守 2019 年关于违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》(COPPA) 的和解协议的评估。 FTC 的调查范围扩大到包括其他潜在违反 COPPA 和联邦贸易委员会的行为……" }, { "date": "9 January 2023", "title": "Act relating to AG notification of digital security breaches (SB 768)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=SB768", "description": "On 1 September 2023, the Act relating to the process for notifying the Attorney General (AG) of a breach of security of computerised data by persons doing business in the state entered into force in the State of Texas. In particular, the amendment concerns notification of data breaches of over 250 Texas residents to the AG. It changes the notification deadline from 60 days to 30 days and requires the notification to be submitted electronically using a form accessed through the AG’s Internet w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与 AG 数字安全漏洞通知相关的法案 (SB 768)", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 1 日，有关向总检察长 (AG) 通报在该州开展业务的人员违反计算机数据安全的流程的法案在德克萨斯州生效。该修正案尤其涉及向 AG 通报 250 多名德克萨斯州居民的数据泄露情况。它将通知截止日期从 60 天更改为 30 天，并要求使用通过 AG 互联网访问的表格以电子方式提交通知。" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "No Section 230 Immunity for AI Act of 2023 (S 1993)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1993", "description": "On 14 June 2023, the No Section 230 Immunity for AI Act (S 1993) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Act would amend Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act to specify that the exemption from liability would not apply to the content generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI). The Act would enable individuals to bring civil actions at the state and federal levels against developers of AI and for authorities to prosecute the entities developing and providing generative AI systems.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "否 2023 年《人工智能豁免法》(S 1993) 第 230 条", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 14 日，美国参议院提出了《人工智能豁免法》第 230 条（S 1993）。该法案将修订《通信规范法》第 230 条，明确责任豁免不适用于人工智能 (AI) 生成的内容。该法案将使个人能够在州和联邦层面对人工智能开发商提起民事诉讼，并让当局起诉开发和提供生成人工智能系统的实体。" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "FCC privacy and data protection task force", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-394384A1.pdf", "description": "On 14 June 2023, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced the establishment of a privacy and data protection task force. It will be responsible for coordinating privacy and data protection-related enforcement efforts, public awareness campaigns, and rulemaking directives. Topics of interest for the task force include cyber incidents, supply chain risks (especially involvement with third parties), and data breaches in the communications industries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 隐私和数据保护工作组", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 14 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 宣布成立隐私和数据保护工作组。它将负责协调与隐私和数据保护相关的执法工作、公众意识活动和规则制定指令。该工作组感兴趣的主题包括网络事件、供应链风险（尤其是涉及第三方）以及通信行业的数据泄露。" }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission's lawsuit against Amazon for enrolling consumers in Amazon Prime without consent and hindering attempts to cancel (FTC v. Amazon) (Case 2:23-cv-00932-JHC)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/Amazon-ROSCA-Order-Filed_0.pdf", "description": "On 25 September 2025, the Western District Court of Washington approved a USD 2.5 billion settlement against Amazon. The settlement resolved Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) claims on violation of consumer protection laws through deceptive Amazon Prime subscription practices from 2019-2025. Amazon must pay USD 1 billion in civil penalties, and establish a USD 1.5 billion consumer fund for affected subscribers. The settlement requires Amazon to clearly disclose subscription terms before collec...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对亚马逊提起诉讼，指控其在未经同意的情况下将消费者纳入 Amazon Prime 并阻碍取消尝试（FTC 诉亚马逊）（案例 2:23-cv-00932-JHC）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 25 日，华盛顿西区法院批准了针对亚马逊的 25 亿美元和解协议。该和解解决了联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对亚马逊在 2019 年至 2025 年期间通过欺骗性的 Prime 订阅行为违反消费者保护法的指控。亚马逊必须支付 10 亿美元的民事罚款，并为受影响的用户建立 15 亿美元的消费者基金。和解协议要求亚马逊在收集数据之前明确披露订阅条款..." }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Working Group to Address Opportunities and Risks of Generative AI", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2023/06/biden-harris-administration-announces-new-nist-public-working-group-ai", "description": "On 22 June 2023, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced the establishment of a new working group on generative artificial intelligence (AI). The group will explore the potential of AI technologies that generate content such as text, code, images, music, and videos. Technical experts from the public and private sectors working for the group will publish guidelines to help organisations manage risks linked to generative AI. The group's objectives also include advisi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "解决生成人工智能的机遇和风险的工作组", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 22 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 宣布成立新的生成人工智能 (AI) 工作组。该小组将探索生成文本、代码、图像、音乐和视频等内容的人工智能技术的潜力。为该组织工作的公共和私营部门的技术专家将发布指南，帮助组织管理与生成人工智能相关的风险。该小组的目标还包括提供咨询..." }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "Investigation into online threats and freedom of speech in Counterman v. Colorado", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/22pdf/22-138_43j7.pdf", "description": "Issued Supreme Court decision in Counterman v. Colorado concerning online threats\nOn 27 June 2023, the US Supreme Court issued its ruling in Counterman v. Colorado concerning whether death threats made through a social media platform are considered “true threats” and therefore could form the basis of a criminal prosecution since they are not protected under the freedom of speech right of the First Amendment. The Court found that in order to find someone guilty of making a “true threat” courts...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 Counterman 诉科罗拉多州网络威胁和言论自由的调查", "description_zh": "最高法院就 Counterman 诉科罗拉多州网络威胁一案作出裁决\n2023 年 6 月 27 日，美国最高法院就 Counterman v. Colorado 案作出裁决，裁定通过社交媒体平台发出的死亡威胁是否被视为“真正的威胁”，并因此可以构成刑事起诉的基础，因为它们不受第一修正案言论自由权的保护。法院发现，为了认定某人犯有“真正的威胁”罪，法院......" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "FTC Rule Banning Fake Reviews and Testimonials", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/08/federal-trade-commission-announces-final-rule-banning-fake-reviews-testimonials", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Federal Trade Commission’ (FTC) Rule on the Use of Consumer Reviews and Testimonials, which prohibits certain unfair or deceptive acts or practices involving consumer reviews or testimonials, entered into force. Under the rule, businesses are prohibited from using fake or false reviews, including those generated by artificial intelligence (AI) or written by individuals who did not actually use the business's products or services. The prohibition extends to creating, se...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 规则禁止虚假评论和推荐", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 21 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 关于使用消费者评论和推荐的规则生效，该规则禁止涉及消费者评论或推荐的某些不公平或欺骗性行为或做法。根据该规定，企业不得使用虚假评论，包括由人工智能 (AI) 生成的评论或由未实际使用该企业产品或服务的个人撰写的评论。该禁令延伸至创造、销售..." }, { "date": "20 March 2023", "title": "Lawsuit against Google over alleged deceptive location tracking practices by 5 State Attorneys General", "url": "https://www.doj.nh.gov/news/2023/20230320-google-settlement.htm", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the Attorney General (AG) of New Hampshire announced that, as part of a group of 5 attorneys general lawsuits, it had reached a USD 9 million settlement with Google in a case concerning the misleading of consumers through location tracking practices. New Hampshire is expected to receive USD 1.8 million of the total settlement payment. The AG had alleged that Google violated the state consumer protection laws by misleading consumers in order to obtain their location data sinc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "5 州总检察长因涉嫌欺骗性位置跟踪行为而对谷歌提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 20 日，新罕布什尔州总检察长 (AG) 宣布，作为由 5 名总检察长组成的集体诉讼的一部分，该州已就通过位置跟踪做法误导消费者的案件与 Google 达成 900 万美元的和解。新罕布什尔州预计将收到和解付款总额中的 180 万美元。总检察长指控谷歌误导消费者以获取他们的位置数据，从而违反了州消费者保护法。" }, { "date": "20 October 2023", "title": "Online content moderation in Missouri et al v. Biden concerning undue influence on social media platforms", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23a243_7l48.pdf", "description": "On 20 October 2023, the US Supreme Court granted an application for stay in the case Murthy v Missouri until it issues a judgment. In particular, the Supreme Court temporarily blocked the lower court’s order limiting executive branch officials’ discussions with social media companies about online content. The case was first ruled on 4 July 2023 by the District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, appealed on 8 September at the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans, and later mod...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密苏里州等人诉拜登案中的在线内容审核涉及对社交媒体平台的不当影响", "description_zh": "2023年10月20日，美国最高法院批准了穆蒂诉密苏里州案件的暂缓审理申请，直至作出判决。特别是，最高法院暂时阻止了下级法院限制行政部门官员与社交媒体公司讨论在线内容的命令。此案于 2023 年 7 月 4 日首次由路易斯安那州西区地方法院做出裁决，并于 9 月 8 日向新奥尔良第五巡回上诉法院提出上诉，后来又..." }, { "date": "21 March 2023", "title": "Security Framework Guidance on Identity and Access Management", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2023/03/21/cisa-and-nsa-release-enduring-security-framework-guidance-identity-and-access-management", "description": "On 21 March 2023, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Security Agency (NSA) released the Security Framework Guidance on Identity and Access Management as part of the Enduring Security Framework (ESF). The Guidance outlines best practices and recommendations designed to assist system administrators in enhancing the security of their systems against threats to Identity and Access Management (IAM). IAM encompasses a framework of business processes, polici...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "身份和访问管理安全框架指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 21 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 和国家安全局 (NSA) 发布了《身份和访问管理安全框架指南》，作为持久安全框架 (ESF) 的一部分。该指南概述了旨在帮助系统管理员增强系统安全性以抵御身份和访问管理 (IAM) 威胁的最佳实践和建议。 IAM 包含业务流程、策略框架..." }, { "date": "7 October 2023", "title": "Attorney General Designation of EEA countries as \"qualifying states\" pursuant to Section 3(f) of Executive Order 14086", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opcl/executive-order-14086", "description": "On 10 July 2023, the Attorney General's designations of “qualifying states” under section 3(f) of Executive Order 14086, was implemented following the European Commission's adoption of the adequacy decision for the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. In particular, the Attorney General determined that the European Economic Area, including European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway data privacy legislation mandates appropriate safeguards in the conduct of signals intelligence activities and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据第 14086 号行政命令第 3(f) 条，总检察长将欧洲经济区国家指定为“合格国家”", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 10 日，在欧盟委员会通过欧盟-美国数据隐私框架的充分性决定后，司法部长根据第 14086 号行政命令第 3(f) 条对“合格州”的指定开始实施。特别是，总检察长确定欧洲经济区，包括欧盟、冰岛、列支敦士登和挪威的数据隐私立法，要求在进行信号情报活动时采取适当的保障措施……" }, { "date": "16 February 2023", "title": "Act on Privacy Protections for Location Information Derived from Electronic Devices (S 148)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/S148#:~:text=An%20Act%20protecting%20reproductive%20health,of%20cell%20phone%20location%20information", "description": "On 16 February 2023, an Act protecting reproductive health access, LGBTQ lives, religious liberty, and freedom of movement by regulating personal location information derived from electronic devices (S 148) was introduced into the Senate of Massachusetts. The Bill prohibits entities from collecting or processing an individual’s location information without the consent of the data subject, with the exception of certain emergencies or when legally required. Entities are also required to provide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电子设备位置信息隐私保护法 (S 148)", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 16 日，马萨诸塞州参议院提交了一项法案，通过监管来自电子设备的个人位置信息来保护生殖健康、LGBTQ 生活、宗教自由和行动自由 (S 148)。该法案禁止实体在未经数据主体同意的情况下收集或处理个人的位置信息，但某些紧急情况或法律要求的情况除外。实体还必须提供..." }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Amendment of sensitive personal information definition in California Consumer Privacy Act (AB 947)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB947", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the Act amending the California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA) entered into force. In particular, the Act expands the definition of \"sensitive personal information\" for purposes of the CCPA to include personal information that reveals a consumer's citizenship or immigration status.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州消费者隐私法 (AB 947) 中敏感个人信息定义的修订", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 1 日，《加州消费者保护法》(CCPA) 修正案生效。特别是，该法案扩大了 CCPA 中“敏感个人信息”的定义，将揭示消费者公民身份或移民身份的个人信息包括在内。" }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Bill relating to exemption from obligation to provide certain personal information to authorities under California Privacy Rights Act (AB 1194)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1194", "description": "On 1 January 2024, Assembly Bill 1194 \"California Privacy Act of 2020: exemptions: abortion services\", amending the California Privacy Rights Act (CPPA) entered into force. The Act provides that a consumer accessing, procuring, or searching for services regarding contraception, pregnancy care, and perinatal care, including abortion services, does not constitute a natural person being at risk or danger of death or serious physical injury. Consequently, businesses handling this information are ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关豁免根据《加州隐私权法》(AB 1194) 向当局提供某些个人信息的义务的法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 1 日，修订《加州隐私权法案》(CPPA) 的第 1194 号议会法案“2020 年加州隐私法案：豁免：堕胎服务”生效。该法规定，消费者获取、采购或寻找有关避孕、怀孕护理和围产期护理（包括堕胎服务）的服务，并不构成面临死亡或严重身体伤害风险或危险的自然人。因此，处理这些信息的企业......" }, { "date": "29 March 2024", "title": "Parental Consent Mechanisms Under COPPA", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/03/ftc-denies-application-new-parental-consent-mechanism-under-coppa", "description": "On 29 March 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) rejected the application by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, Yoti, and SuperAwesome for approval of a new mechanism for obtaining parental consent under the Children Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA Rule). The technology of \"Privacy-Protective Facial Age Estimation\" is designed to verify an adult's identity by analysing facial geometry. After receiving over 350 comments, the FTC voted 4-0 to reject the application without pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "COPPA 下的家长同意机制", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 29 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 拒绝了娱乐软件评级委员会、Yoti 和 SuperAwesome 的申请，要求批准根据儿童在线隐私保护规则（COPPA 规则）获取家长同意的新机制。 “隐私保护面部年龄估计”技术旨在通过分析面部几何形状来验证成年人的身份。在收到超过 350 条评论后，FTC 在没有事先准备的情况下以 4 比 0 的投票结果驳回了该申请。" }, { "date": "20 July 2023", "title": "FTC and OCR notice to Hospital Systems and Telehealth Providers regarding privacy and security risks from online tracking technologies", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/07/ftc-hhs-warn-hospital-systems-telehealth-providers-about-privacy-security-risks-online-tracking", "description": "On 20 July 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights (OCR) issued a note to Hospital Systems and Telehealth Providers. The authorities drew their attention to the risk of disclosing consumers' sensitive personal health information to third parties through the use of tracking tools, such as Meta/Facebook pixel and Google Analytics, on their websites or applications. The FTC and OCR further noted that the entities are subje...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 和 OCR 向医院系统和远程医疗提供商发出有关在线跟踪技术的隐私和安全风险的通知", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 20 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 和卫生与公众服务部民权办公室 (OCR) 向医院系统和远程医疗提供商发布了一份说明。当局提请注意通过在其网站或应用程序上使用 Meta/Facebook Pixel 和 Google Analytics 等跟踪工具向第三方披露消费者敏感个人健康信息的风险。 FTC 和 OCR 进一步指出，这些实体受到..." }, { "date": "19 July 2023", "title": "Privacy Enhancing Technology Research Act (HR 4755)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4755/text?s=1&r=91", "description": "On 19 July 2023, the Privacy Enhancing Technology Research Act (HR 4755) was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act supports research on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs), and gives the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the power to set standards for PETs. Also, it requires the NIST to facilitate the development of standards and best practices for the integration of PETs in the private sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "隐私增强技术研究法案 (HR 4755)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 19 日，美国众议院提出了《隐私增强技术研究法案》(HR 4755)。该法案支持隐私增强技术 (PET) 的研究，并赋予美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 和美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 制定 PET 标准的权力。此外，它还要求 NIST 促进制定标准和最佳实践，以将 PET 纳入私营部门。" }, { "date": "9 December 2023", "title": "Voluntary Commitments to US Government from Companies developing Artificial Intelligence Systems to Manage AI Risks", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/09/12/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-secures-voluntary-commitments-from-eight-additional-artificial-intelligence-companies-to-manage-the-risks-posed-by-ai/", "description": "On 12 September 2023, the White House announced that Adobe, Cohere, IBM, Nvidia, Palantir, Salesforce, Scale AI, and Stability had adopted voluntary commitments to ensure the safe, secure, and transparent development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In particular, this second round of companies committed to ensuring their products are safe before introducing them to the public by testing their AI systems to assess their potential biological, cybersecurity, and societal risks. In ad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "开发人工智能系统以管理人工智能风险的公司向美国政府做出的自愿承诺", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 12 日，白宫宣布 Adob​​e、Cohere、IBM、Nvidia、Palantir、Salesforce、Scale AI 和 Stability 已做出自愿承诺，以确保人工智能 (AI) 技术的安全、可靠和透明的发展。特别是，第二轮公司承诺在向公众推出产品之前，通过测试其人工智能系统来评估其潜在的生物、网络安全和社会风险，以确保其产品是安全的。广告中..." }, { "date": "26 July 2023", "title": "SEC Rules on conflicts of interest associated with Predictive Data Analytics and AI technologies", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2023-140", "description": "On 26 July 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced its proposed rules for requirements to address risks to investors from conflicts of interest associated with the use of predictive data analytics by broker-dealers and investment advisers. The proposed rules would require broker-dealers and investment advisers to evaluate whether the use of certain technologies such as predictive data analytics and artificial intelligence would involve a conflict of interest that results ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SEC 关于预测数据分析和人工智能技术相关利益冲突的规则", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 26 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布了其拟议规则，以解决投资者因经纪交易商和投资顾问使用预测数据分析而产生的利益冲突所带来的风险。拟议的规则将要求经纪交易商和投资顾问评估预测数据分析和人工智能等某些技术的使用是否会涉及利益冲突，从而导致......" }, { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "CPPA investigation into connected vehicle (CV) manufacturers and related CV technologies", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) announced a review of data privacy practices by connected vehicle (CV) manufacturers and related CV technologies which often automatically gather consumers’ locations, personal preferences, and other personal information. The review will focus on the diverse functionalities offered by the CVs, including location sharing, web-based entertainment, smartphone integration, and cameras. The main objective of the investigation is to a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CPPA 对联网汽车 (CV) 制造商及相关 CV 技术的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 31 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 宣布对联网车辆 (CV) 制造商和相关 CV 技术的数据隐私实践进行审查，这些技术通常会自动收集消费者的位置、个人偏好和其他个人信息。审查将重点关注 CV 提供的各种功能，包括位置共享、基于网络的娱乐、智能手机集成和相机。调查的主要目的是..." }, { "date": "15 January 2022", "title": "Rule on Biometric Identifier Information", "url": "https://rules.cityofnewyork.us/rule/biometric-identifier-information/", "description": "On 15 January 2022, the new Rule for Businesses Using Biometric Identifier Information of the NY Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) was adopted and came into effect. The new rule requires businesses to notify customers of the use of biometric identifier information and prohibits the sale of such information. It specifies how businesses covered by the law must collect, use, retain, convert, store, or share biometric identifier information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生物特征识别信息规则", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 15 日，纽约州消费者和工人保护部 (DCWP) 的新《企业使用生物特征识别信息规则》获得通过并生效。新规定要求企业通知客户生物识别信息的使用，并禁止出售此类信息。它规定了法律所涵盖的企业必须如何收集、使用、保留、转换、存储或共享生物识别标识符信息。" }, { "date": "8 September 2023", "title": "New York State Cybersecurity Strategy", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr230", "description": "On 9 August 2023, the New York Governor published the New York State Cybersecurity Strategy. The strategy mostly involves the State's authorities but also affects private entities. The State aims to collaborate with and regulate owners and operators of critical infrastructures. State cyber support may also be provided. Further, the State intends to share information about malicious cyber actors with businesses and regulate them to foster cyber resilience.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约州网络安全战略", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 9 日，纽约州州长发布了纽约州网络安全战略。该战略主要涉及国家当局，但也影响私人实体。国家旨在与关键基础设施的所有者和运营商合作并对其进行监管。还可以提供国家网络支持。此外，国家打算与企业分享有关恶意网络行为者的信息并对其进行监管，以增强网络弹性。" }, { "date": "27 January 2023", "title": "CISA Advisory on Zimbra Collaboration Suite (Alert AA22-228A)", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-228a", "description": "On 27 January 2023, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) jointly published a Cybersecurity Advisory after Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) suffered by Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS), a cloud-hosted collaboration software and email platform. In order to protect against malicious cyber activity, CISA and MS-ISAC maintain a list of exploited CVEs and ask ZCS administrators to implement the Cy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 关于 Zimbra 协作套件的咨询（警报 AA22-228A）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 27 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 和多国信息共享与分析中心 (MS-ISAC) 在云托管协作软件和电子邮件平台 Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) 遭受常见漏洞和暴露 (CVE) 后联合发布了网络安全公告。为了防止恶意网络活动，CISA 和 MS-ISAC 维护了一份被利用的 CVE 列表，并要求 ZCS 管理员实施 Cy..." }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "FCC Voluntary Cybersecurity Labeling Program for Smart Devices", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2025/01/07/white-house-launches-u-s-cyber-trust-mark-providing-american-consumers-an-easy-label-to-see-if-connected-devices-are-cybersecure/", "description": "On 7 January 2025, the White House announced the launch of the voluntary cybersecurity label for wireless consumer Internet of Things (IoT) products, known as the \"U.S. Cyber Trust Mark.\" This label aims to enhance consumer awareness and incentivise manufacturers to adhere to higher cybersecurity standards. Accompanied by a QR code it aims to help buyers make informed choices and encourage manufacturers to meet higher cybersecurity standards and reduce risks. Oversight will be provided by the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 智能设备自愿网络安全标签计划", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 7 日，白宫宣布推出无线消费物联网 (IoT) 产品的自愿网络安全标签，称为“美国网络信任标志”。该标签旨在提高消费者意识并激励制造商遵守更高的网络安全标准。配有二维码，旨在帮助买家做出明智的选择，并鼓励制造商满足更高的网络安全标准并降低风险。监督将由..." }, { "date": "8 October 2023", "title": "CPUC Permits for Commercial Passenger Service using Driverless Vehicles", "url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/news-and-updates/all-news/cpuc-approves-permits-for-cruise-and-waymo-to-charge-fares-for-passenger-service-in-sf-2023", "description": "On 10 August 2023, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) announced the approval of permits for Cruise and Waymo to conduct commercial passenger service using driverless vehicles in San Francisco. The approval encompasses the ability for both companies to charge fares for rides around the clock. The decision follows the review by CPUC of the applications submitted by Cruise and Waymo to ensure they met the licensing requirements established in a 2020 CPUC Decision, including passen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CPUC 允许使用无人驾驶车辆提供商业客运服务", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 10 日，加州公用事业委员会 (CPUC) 宣布批准 Cruise 和 Waymo 在旧金山使用无人驾驶汽车开展商业客运服务。该批准包括两家公司能够全天候收取乘车费用。该决定是在 CPUC 对 Cruise 和 Waymo 提交的申请进行审查后做出的，以确保它们满足 2020 年 CPUC 决定中规定的许可要求，包括 passen..." }, { "date": "29 September 2023", "title": "Public lawsuit challenging Florida and Texas content moderation laws arguing incompatibility with freedom of speech right (NetChoice v Florida/ NetChoice v Texas)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/23grantednotedlist.pdf", "description": "On 29 September 2023, the US Supreme Court announced it granted certiorari for a case challenging Florida and Texas content moderation laws (22-555, Netchoice, LLC v Paxton) for its October term 2023. Having taken into account the Solicitor General's brief, the Supreme Court will decide on the constitutionality of a Texas law restricting the ability of online platforms to engage in content moderation. In particular, two questions are approved for judgement: (1) whether the content moderation ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "挑战佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州内容审核法的公开诉讼，认为与言论自由权不相容（NetChoice 诉佛罗里达州/ NetChoice 诉德克萨斯州）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 29 日，美国最高法院宣布就一项挑战佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州内容审核法的案件（22-555，Netchoice, LLC 诉 Paxton）授予 2023 年 10 月任期的调卷令。考虑到副检察长的简述，最高法院将就德克萨斯州一项限制在线平台参与内容审核能力的法律是否符合宪法作出裁决。特别批准判断两个问题：（1）内容审核是否..." }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Act relating to protecting the interests of minor children featured on for-profit family vlogs (HB 1627)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1627&Year=2023&Initiative=false.#documentSection", "description": "On 26 January 2023, an Act concerning the protection of the interests of minor children featured on for-profit family vlogs (HB 1627) was introduced to the House of Representatives of Washington State. The Act aims to regulate social media content creators who profit from video content involving their children. The Act would establish the conditions under which minors involved in the described situation gain rights to profits, as well as the apportionment of those profits, which would be requ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "有关保护营利性家庭视频博客中未成年儿童利益的法案（HB 1627）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 26 日，一项关于保护营利性家庭视频博客中未成年儿童利益的法案 (HB 1627) 被提交给华盛顿州众议院。该法案旨在监管从涉及儿童的视频内容中获利的社交媒体内容创作者。该法案将规定涉及上述情况的未成年人获得利润权的条件，以及这些利润的分配，这将需要..." }, { "date": "8 April 2023", "title": "Act limiting the use of automated employment decision tools without bias audit (S07623)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=S07623&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 4 August 2023, the Act to amend the labour law in relation to restricting the use of electronic monitoring and automated employment decision tools; and to amend the civil rights law with regard to making a technical change, the Act limiting the use of automated employment decision tools without bias audit (S07623), was introduced to the New York State Senate. The Act would apply to all employers and employment agencies and prohibits them from using electronic monitoring tools to surveil em...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "限制使用自动化就业决策工具而无需进行偏见审计的法案 (S07623)", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 4 日，关于限制使用电子监控和自动就业决策工具的劳动法修正案；为了修改民权法以进行技术变革，向纽约州参议院提交了限制使用自动化就业决策工具而无需进行偏见审计的法案（S07623）。该法案将适用于所有雇主和职业介绍所，并禁止他们使用电子监控工具来监视员工……" }, { "date": "26 February 2024", "title": "Public lawsuit against Automators LLC et al. regarding possible violation of consumer protection regulations", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-action-leads-ban-owners-automators-ai-e-commerce-money-making-scheme", "description": "On 26 February 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a settlement regarding the public lawsuit against Roman Cresto, John Cresto, Andrew Chapman, and their companies, including Automators AI, Empire Ecommerce, and Onyx Distribution. The FTC alleged that the defendants operated a scheme promising significant earnings through e-commerce storefronts using artificial intelligence, misleading consumers with unfounded earnings claims. According to the FTC, the majority of the defendant...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Automators LLC 等人的公开诉讼。关于可能违反消费者保护法规的问题", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 26 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布就针对 Roman Cresto、John Cresto、Andrew Chapman 及其公司（包括 Automators AI、Empire Ecommerce 和 Onyx Distribution）的公开诉讼达成和解。联邦贸易委员会声称，被告实施了一项计划，承诺通过使用人工智能的电子商务店面获得可观的收入，以毫无根据的收入主张误导消费者。根据联邦贸易委员会的说法，大多数被告..." }, { "date": "24 August 2023", "title": "Lawsuit against Google regarding alleged violation of user speech rights (Republican National Commitee v. Google Inc.)", "url": "https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/46575006/Republican_National_Committee_v_Google_Inc", "description": "On 24 August 2023, the US District Court Eastern District of California dismissed a lawsuit filed by the Republican National Committee (RNC) against Google. The lawsuit alleged that Google's email spam filters unlawfully suppressed their communications. The court's decision was based on the argument that the RNC had not adequately substantiated the claim that Google had acted in bad faith by directing its messages into spam filters within its Gmail service. Furthermore, the court ruled that S...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对谷歌涉嫌侵犯用户言论权的诉讼（共和党国家委员会诉谷歌公司）", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 24 日，美国加州东区地方法院驳回了共和党全国委员会 (RNC) 对谷歌提起的诉讼。该诉讼指控谷歌的垃圾邮件过滤器非法压制了他们的通信。法院的判决基于这样的论点：共和党全国委员会没有充分证实谷歌将其邮件引导至其 Gmail 服务中的垃圾邮件过滤器的恶意行为。此外，法院还裁定，S..." }, { "date": "23 July 2023", "title": "Protection of Minors from Unfiltered Devices Act (HB 1501)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/billInfo.cfm?sYear=2023&sInd=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1501", "description": "On 23 July 2023, the Protection of Minors from Unfiltered Devices Act (HB 1501) was introduced in the House of Commons of Pennsylvania. The Act aims to safeguard children by preventing their access to harmful online content through mobile devices. In particular, the Act would require manufacturers of smartphones and tablets activated in Pennsylvania to automatically enable a filter to prevent access or download material that is harmful to minors on a mobile data network or on an application o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护未成年人免受未经过滤设备侵害的法案 (HB 1501)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 23 日，宾夕法尼亚州下议院提出了《保护未成年人免受未过滤设备侵害法案》(HB 1501)。该法案旨在通过防止儿童通过移动设备访问有害的在线内容来保护儿童。特别是，该法案将要求在宾夕法尼亚州激活的智能手机和平板电脑制造商自动启用过滤器，以防止在移动数据网络或应用程序上访问或下载对未成年人有害的材料。" }, { "date": "19 July 2023", "title": "Bill A07906 in relation to the use of automated decision tools to make housing decisions", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A07906&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 19 July 2023, an \"Act to amend the executive law, in relation to the use of automated decision tools to make housing decisions\" (A07906) was introduced to the New York Senate. The Bill regulates unlawful discriminatory practices relating to automated decision tools to screen applicants for housing. The Bill prevents landlords from using or implementing automated decision tools unless a disparate impact analysis is conducted and the applicant is notified.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "A07906 号法案涉及使用自动化决策工具做出住房决策", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 19 日，向纽约参议院提交了一项“关于使用自动化决策工具做出住房决策的行政法修订法案”(A07906)。该法案规范与筛选住房申请人的自动决策工具相关的非法歧视行为。该法案禁止房东使用或实施自动决策工具，除非进行不同的影响分析并通知申请人。" }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "NIST algorithms to withstand quantum computer attacks", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/03/nist-selects-hqc-fifth-algorithm-post-quantum-encryption", "description": "On 11 March 2025, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) selected the Hamming Quasi-Cyclic (HQC) algorithm as a backup post-quantum encryption standard to complement the primary Module-Lattice-Based Key Encapsulation Mechanism for protection against future quantum computing threats. HQC, based on error-correcting codes rather than lattices, applies to organisations safeguarding sensitive data across sectors such as finance, healthcare, and national security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 算法抵御量子计算机攻击", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 11 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 选择汉明准循环 (HQC) 算法作为备份后量子加密标准，以补充主要的基于模块格的密钥封装机制，以防范未来的量子计算威胁。 HQC 基于纠错码而不是点阵，适用于保护金融、医疗保健和国家安全等部门敏感数据的组织。" }, { "date": "9 May 2023", "title": "US Department of Justice investigation into Verizon's alleged non-compliance with cybersecurity requirements in violation of the False Claims Act", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/cooperating-federal-contractor-resolves-liability-alleged-false-claims-caused-failure-fully", "description": "On 5 September 2023, Verizon agreed to pay USD 4 million to settle US Department of Justice (DOJ) allegations under the False Claims Act. The allegations stemmed from Verizon's failure to fully implement cybersecurity controls for an information technology service provided to federal agencies. The cybersecurity controls were required due to the Verizon contract, which was intended to offer federal agencies secure internet connections. It was alleged that Verizon didn't meet three required cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国司法部对 Verizon 涉嫌不遵守网络安全要求、违反《虚假申报法》的行为展开调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 5 日，Verizon 同意支付 400 万美元，以和解美国司法部 (DOJ) 根据《虚假索赔法》提出的指控。这些指控源于 Verizon 未能对向联邦机构提供的信息技术服务全面实施网络安全控制。由于 Verizon 合同的存在，网络安全控制是必需的，该合同旨在为联邦机构提供安全的互联网连接。据称 Verizon 没有满足网络安全的三个要求..." }, { "date": "29 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023 (Omnibus)", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/cybersecurity-medical-devices-refuse-accept-policy-cyber-devices-and-related-systems-under-section", "description": "On 29 March 2023, the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023 (Omnibus) entered into force. Among others, the Omnibus amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to address the cybersecurity of medical devices by setting requirements for manufacturers. Manufacturers are required to submit applications for these devices to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), containing specific information, such as a plan monitoring and addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities, and procedures assuring cyb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年综合拨款法中的网络安全监管（综合）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 29 日，《2023 年综合拨款法》（综合）生效。其中，综合法案修订了《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法案》，通过为制造商设定要求来解决医疗设备的网络安全问题。制造商必须向食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 提交这些设备的申请，其中包含具体信息，例如监控和解决网络安全漏洞的计划以及确保网络安全的程序……" }, { "date": "9 July 2023", "title": "Small Business Cyber Resiliency Act (S2740)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2740/actions?s=10&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22congressId%3A118+AND+billStatus%3A%5C%22Introduced%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "On 7 September 2023, the United States Congress introduced the Small Business Cyber Resiliency Act (S2740) intending to help small businesses prepare for and combat cybersecurity threats, and for other purposes. The Bill aims to provide small businesses with improved access to high-quality cybersecurity tools and information. Specifically, the Bill establishes, among other points, effective cybersecurity training and resources, the creation of a Central Small Business Cybersecurity Unit at th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小型企业网络弹性法案 (S2740)", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 7 日，美国国会推出了《小企业网络弹性法案》(S2740)，旨在帮助小企业准备和应对网络安全威胁，并用于其他目的。该法案旨在为小型企业提供更好的高质量网络安全工具和信息。具体来说，该法案除其他外，还规定了有效的网络安全培训和资源，在该机构设立了中央小型企业网络安全部门……" }, { "date": "14 September 2023", "title": "California Attorney General lawsuit against Google over location-privacy practices noncompliance with consumer protection laws", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-93-million-settlement-regarding-google%E2%80%99s", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the California Attorney General (AG) announced that it had reached a settlement in the lawsuit against Google over alleged its location-privacy practices noncompliance with consumer protection laws. The AG claimed that Google deceived consumers by collecting personal data, including location data, without obtaining informed consent for using it for targeting and advertising purposes. Under the reached settlement, Google is required to pay a penalty of USD 93 million, Goo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州总检察长对谷歌提起诉讼，指控谷歌的位置隐私做法不符合消费者保护法", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 14 日，加州总检察长 (AG) 宣布，已就针对谷歌的诉讼达成和解，指控谷歌的位置隐私做法不符合消费者保护法。总检察长声称，谷歌在未获得知情同意的情况下收集包括位置数据在内的个人数据来欺骗消费者，并将其用于定位和广告目的。根据达成的和解协议，谷歌需支付 9300 万美元的罚款，谷歌..." }, { "date": "14 September 2023", "title": "FTC recommendations for protecting children from online blurred advertising", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/09/ftc-staff-paper-details-potential-harms-kids-blurred-advertising-recommends-marketers-steer-clear", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) published a paper on potential harms to children from online blurred advertising, a practice allowing marketers to disguise advertising. The paper issues FTC’s recommendations for advertisers, content creators, platforms, and others to reduce the likelihood of young consumers being deceived or harmed. In particular, the FTC recommends avoiding blurring advertising by clearly separating advertising and entertainment, educational, and ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于保护儿童免受在线模糊广告侵害的建议", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 14 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发表了一篇关于在线模糊广告对儿童潜在危害的论文，这种做法允许营销人员伪装广告。该文件提出了联邦贸易委员会对广告商、内容创作者、平台和其他人的建议，以减少年轻消费者被欺骗或伤害的可能性。联邦贸易委员会特别建议通过明确区分广告与娱乐、教育和……来避免广告模糊。" }, { "date": "29 August 2023", "title": "Warrant for Metadata Act (HR 5309)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5309/text?s=1&r=105", "description": "On 29 August 2023, the Warrant for Metadata Act (HR 5309) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the United States. The Act's primary aim is to amend Title 18, United States Code, in order to mandate authorities to obtain a warrant for the release of records from private electronic communication service or remote computing service providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "元数据授权令 (HR 5309)", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 29 日，美国众议院提出了《元数据授权令法案》(HR 5309)。该法案的主要目的是修订《美国法典》第 18 章，以授权当局获得释放私人电子通信服务或远程计算服务提供商记录的授权令。" }, { "date": "18 September 2023", "title": "Banning Surveillance Advertising Act (S 2833)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2833/text?s=1&r=3", "description": "On 18 September 2023, the Banning Surveillance Advertising Act (S 2833) was introduced in the US Senate. The Act aims to prevent advertising networks and facilitators from using personal data to customise advertisements. Additionally, the legislation forbids advertisers from tailoring advertisements based on protected class information such as race, gender, religion, and personal data obtained from data brokers. The Act permits targeting based on general location linked to recognisable places...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止监视广告法 (S 2833)", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 18 日，美国参议院提出《禁止监控广告法案》(S 2833)。该法案旨在防止广告网络和服务商使用个人数据定制广告。此外，该立法禁止广告商根据受保护的类别信息（例如种族、性别、宗教和从数据经纪人获得的个人数据）定制广告。该法案允许根据与可识别地点相关的一般位置进行定位......" }, { "date": "13 October 2023", "title": "Bill regarding In-vehicle cameras (SB 296)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB296", "description": "On 13 October 2023, Senate Bill 296 regarding In-vehicle cameras was signed by the Governor of California. The Bill applies to car manufacturers, dealers, buyers, and lessees, and imposes several rights and obligations. Manufacturers are required to disclose that a car is equipped with in-vehicle cameras, and dealers will be prohibited from selling them without informing the buyer or lessee. The buyer or lessee will have the right to review the owner manual prior to the purchase in order to d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关车载摄像头的法案 (SB 296)", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 13 日，加利福尼亚州州长签署了有关车载摄像头的参议院第 296 号法案。该法案适用于汽车制造商、经销商、买家和承租人，并规定了多项权利和义务。制造商必须披露配备车载摄像头的汽车，经销商将被禁止在未通知买方或承租人的情况下销售此类汽车。买方或承租人有权在购买前查看用户手册，以便..." }, { "date": "26 October 2023", "title": "Amendments to the Commission's Privacy Regulations under the Privacy Act of 1974", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/09/26/2023-20690/the-commissions-privacy-act-regulations", "description": "On 26 October 2023, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Privacy Act Regulations entered into force. The regulations amend the Commission's Regulations under the Privacy Act of 1974. These changes were made to clarify, update, and streamline the language of several procedural provisions. The rule amends procedural and fee provisions but also eliminates unnecessary elements. Additionally, the rule introduces electronic means for identity verification and the submission of Privacy Act r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据 1974 年《隐私法》对委员会隐私条例的修正案", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 26 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 隐私法条例生效。该法规修订了委员会根据 1974 年《隐私法》制定的法规。这些更改是为了澄清、更新和简化若干程序条款的语言。该规则修改了程序和费用规定，但也消除了不必要的元素。此外，该规则还引入了电子方式进行身份验证和提交《隐私法》..." }, { "date": "16 May 2023", "title": "AI Shield for Kids Act (ASK Act) (S.1626)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1626/text?s=2&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%28S.1626%29+AI+Shield+for+Kids+Act+%28ASK+Act%29%22%7D", "description": "On 16 May 2023, the AI Shield for Kids Act (ASK Act) was introduced into the 118th US Congress. The Act would require the Federal Communications Commission, in consultation with the Federal Trade Commission, to issue rules prohibiting entities from offering minor consumers artificial intelligence (AI) features in the products of those entities without parental consent. In particular, the rules should provide that an entity may not offer to a minor user of the product any AI feature, including...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI 儿童盾法案（ASK 法案）(S.1626)", "description_zh": "2023 年 5 月 16 日，第 118 届美国国会提交了《儿童人工智能盾牌法案》（ASK 法案）。该法案将要求联邦通信委员会与联邦贸易委员会协商，发布规则，禁止实体在未经父母同意的情况下，在其产品中向未成年消费者提供人工智能（AI）功能。特别是，规则应规定实体不得向产品的未成年用户提供任何人工智能功能，包括……" }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "Act regulating online child sexual abuse material (SB 646)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB646", "description": "On 31 August 2023, the Act regulating online child sexual abuse material (SB 646) was rejected by the the California Senate as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Act would have allowed individuals who were depicted in specific explicit images while under the age of 18 to initiate civil actions for damages against those disseminating such content. Additionally, it would have stipulated statutory damages of USD 200'000 in cases where the defendant ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "监管在线儿童性虐待材料的法案 (SB 646)", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 31 日，加州参议院否决了监管在线儿童性虐待材料的法案 (SB 646)，因为该法案未能在 2023-2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案将允许未满 18 岁的被描绘为特定露骨图像的个人对传播此类内容的人提起民事诉讼，要求赔偿损失。此外，如果被告..." }, { "date": "29 October 2021", "title": "Data Localisation Requirements in Amended Federal Acquisition Regulations System", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-48/chapter-2/subchapter-F/part-239/subpart-239.76/section-239.7602-2", "description": "On 29 October 2021, the Amended Federal Acquisition Regulations System entered into force. Section 239.7602-2 requires cloud computing service providers to maintain all Government data that is not physically located on Department of Defence premises within the territory of the United States unless otherwise authorised.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订后的联邦采购法规系统中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 29 日，修订后的联邦采购法规体系生效。第 239.7602-2 条要求云计算服务提供商维护不在美国境内国防部实际位置的所有政府数据，除非另有授权。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "FTC public lawsuit against Amazon over alleged anti-competitive and unfair practices to maintain monopoly power", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wawd.326809/gov.uscourts.wawd.326809.289.0.pdf", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the United States District Court Western District of Washington at Seattle issued an interim ruling regarding Amazon's appeal against FTC's case alleging the use of anti-competitive and unfair practices to maintain monopoly power, deciding not to dismiss the claims at this stage. The case involves the FTC and several US states suing Amazon for allegedly using its monopoly power to suppress price competition and maintain high prices in the online superstore and marketplac...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对亚马逊提起公开诉讼，指控其为维持垄断权力而采取反竞争和不公平行为", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 30 日，美国西雅图华盛顿西区地方法院就亚马逊对 FTC 指控利用反竞争和不公平做法维持垄断权力一案提出的上诉作出临时裁决，决定现阶段不驳回诉讼请求。该案涉及联邦贸易委员会和美国几个州起诉亚马逊涉嫌利用其垄断权力压制价格竞争并维持在线超市和市场的高价..." }, { "date": "28 September 2023", "title": "NTIA inquiry into Kids Online Health and Safety", "url": "https://ntia.gov/sites/default/files/publications/kohs_rfc_final.pdf", "description": "On 28 September 2023, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) announced the launch of an inquiry into Kids Online Health and Safety. The NTIA aims to gather evidence on the effects of social media and online platforms on minors, the prevailing practices within the industry, and strategies that the private sector, caregivers, and the US government can employ to mitigate adverse consequences. In particular, the NTIA seeks to obtain more information on assessing the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NTIA 对儿童在线健康与安全的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 28 日，国家电信和信息管理局 (NTIA) 宣布启动针对儿童在线健康与安全的调查。 NTIA 旨在收集有关社交媒体和在线平台对未成年人的影响、行业内的普遍做法以及私营部门、护理人员和美国政府可以采取的减轻不利后果的策略的证据。特别是，NTIA 寻求获得更多有关评估...的信息。" }, { "date": "28 September 2023", "title": "Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board inquiry into Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)", "url": "https://documents.pclob.gov/prod/Documents/OversightReport/054417e4-9d20-427a-9850-862a6f29ac42/2023%20PCLOB%20702%20Report%20(002).pdf?utm_source=blognotification&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Blog%20Post%20Notification%20Net%20Politics&utm_term=NetPolitics", "description": "On 28 September, the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB) issued its report on the surveillance program pursuant to section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 2017 (FISA). The Act authorises the US government to \"target non-US persons, reasonably believed to be located outside the United States, in order to collect foreign intelligence information\" and is scheduled to terminate on 31 December 2023. By then, the US Congress has the options of reauthorising the A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "隐私和公民自由监督委员会对《外国情报监视法》(FISA) 第 702 条进行调查", "description_zh": "9 月 28 日，隐私和公民自由监督委员会 (PCLOB) 根据 2017 年《外国情报监视法》(FISA) 第 702 条发布了有关监视计划的报告。该法案授权美国政府“以合理地认为位于美国境外的非美国人为目标，以收集外国情报信息”，并计划于 2023 年 12 月 31 日终止。届时，美国国会可以选择重新授权 A..." }, { "date": "28 November 2023", "title": "Bill prohibiting the distribution of AI-generated pornographic images without the individual's consent (S 01042/A 3596)", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=%0D%0A&leg_video=&bn=S01042&term=2023&Summary=Y&Actions=Y&Floor%26nbspVotes=Y&Memo=Y&Text=Y", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the Bill prohibiting the distribution of AI-generated pornographic images without the subject's consent (S 01042) entered into force. The Bill amends the penal law to classify the harassment facilitated by emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence tools, that can realistically superimpose someone's face onto another person's body as a criminal offence. The Bill prohibits the dissemination of intimate images and sexually explicit depictions of an individual ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止未经个人同意传播人工智能生成的色情图像的法案（S 01042/A 3596）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 28 日，禁止未经主体同意传播人工智能生成的色情图像的法案 (S 01042) 生效。该法案修订了刑法，将包括人工智能工具在内的新兴技术促成的骚扰归类为刑事犯罪，这些技术可以将某人的脸部真实地叠加到另一个人的身体上。该法案禁止传播个人的亲密图像和露骨的性描述......" }, { "date": "10 November 2023", "title": "Attorney General investigation into Rutter's compliance with data security requirements", "url": "https://www.attorneygeneral.gov/taking-action/ag-henry-announces-1-million-settlement-with-rutters-after-data-breach-exposed-pennsylvanians-private-info/", "description": "On 11 October 2023, the Attorney General (AG) of Pennsylvania announced it had reached a settlement in the investigation into Rutter’s compliance with data security requirements. The AG stated that in a cybersecurity attack, a hacker was able to obtain information about 1'365'995 payment cards used at 79 stores in a period of 272 days. The Office of the AG investigation found that Rutter's failed to implement appropriate data security measures to safeguard consumers' sensitive personal data, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长对 Rutter 遵守数据安全要求的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 11 日，宾夕法尼亚州总检察长 (AG) 宣布已就 Rutter 遵守数据安全要求的调查达成和解。 AG 表示，在一次网络安全攻击中，黑客获得了 272 天内 79 家商店使用的 1,365,995 张支付卡的信息。 AG 办公室调查发现，Rutter's 未能实施适当的数据安全措施来保护消费者的敏感个人数据，..." }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "FCC inquiry into impact of AI on illegal and unwanted robocalls and texts", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-398481A1.pdf", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) launched a formal inquiry into Artificial Intelligence's (AI) impact on illegal and unwanted robocalls and texts. The FCC aims to determine the AI technologies that fall under its regulatory oversight, explore the AI providers' responsibilities under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), and identify mechanisms for verifying whether AI technologies generated the texts or voices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 调查人工智能对非法和不需要的机器人电话和短信的影响", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 启动了一项正式调查，调查人工智能 (AI) 对非法和不需要的自动呼叫和短信的影响。 FCC 的目标是确定哪些人工智能技术属于其监管范围，探讨人工智能提供商在《电话消费者保护法》(TCPA) 下的责任，并确定验证人工智能技术是否生成文本或语音的机制。" }, { "date": "9 May 2023", "title": "Classifications of AI Systems as Inventors of Two-dimensional Artwork Under US Patent Law (Theatre D'opera)", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/rulings-filings/review-board/docs/Theatre-Dopera-Spatial.pdf", "description": "On 5 September 2023, the Review Board of the US Copyright Office rejected a second request to review the refusal of the Registration Program to register a two-dimensional artwork generated by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called \"Théâtre D'opéra\". The Board confirmed the Registration Program's decision with the explanation that the applicant did not disclaim that the material was produced by AI. Furthermore, the content generated by AI exceeds a \"de minimis\" part of the work. Accordi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据美国专利法，人工智能系统被归类为二维艺术品的发明者（剧院）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 5 日，美国版权局审查委员会驳回了第二项审查请求，即审查注册计划拒绝注册由名为“Théâtre D'opéra”的人工智能 (AI) 系统生成的二维艺术品的请求。委员会确认了注册计划的决定，并解释说申请人并未否认该材料是由人工智能制作的。此外，人工智能生成的内容超出了工作的“最低限度”部分。雅阁..." }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "Public lawsuit against Meta for allegedly harming the mental health of minors through addictive features (California v Meta Platforms)", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/meta-order.pdf", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Northern District Court of California allowed a lawsuit brought by 34 state attorneys general against Meta Platforms to proceed. The lawsuit claims that Meta ignored research linking its platforms to depression and other mental health issues and unlawfully collected data from children under 13. It was also stated that Meta allegedly exploited harmful features to increase youth addiction for profit while falsely presenting its platforms as safe. The Court allowed claims...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Meta 涉嫌通过成瘾功能损害未成年人心理健康的公开诉讼（加州诉 Meta Platforms）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 15 日，加州北区法院允许 34 名州总检察长针对 Meta Platforms 提起的诉讼继续进行。该诉讼称，Meta 忽视了将其平台与抑郁症和其他心理健康问题联系起来的研究，并非法收集 13 岁以下儿童的数据。据称，Meta 涉嫌利用有害功能来增加青少年成瘾以获取利润，同时错误地声称其平台是安全的。法院允许索赔..." }, { "date": "16 January 2020", "title": "License requirements in revised regulations on the testing of autonomous vehicles", "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/california-autonomous-vehicle-regulations/#:~:text=On%20December%2016%2C%202019%2C%20the,an%20approved%20permit%20from%20DMV)", "description": "On 16 January 2020, revised regulations came into effect in California, allowing for the testing and deployment of autonomous motor trucks on the state's public roads. These updated regulations also include specific licensing requirements. According to these requirements, any manufacturer interested in conducting tests of autonomous vehicles capable of operating without a human driver inside the vehicle on California's public roads must submit an application for a permit to conduct driverless...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订后的自动驾驶汽车测试规定的许可要求", "description_zh": "2020 年 1 月 16 日，修订后的法规在加利福尼亚州生效，允许在该州的公共道路上测试和部署自动驾驶卡车。这些更新的法规还包括具体的许可要求。根据这些要求，任何有兴趣在加州公共道路上测试能够在车内没有人类驾驶员的情况下运行的自动驾驶汽车的制造商都必须提交进行无人驾驶测试的许可证申请。" }, { "date": "24 October 2023", "title": "DMV investigation into Cruise regarding alleged non-compliance with the quality requirements in the revised regulations on the testing of autonomous vehicles", "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/news-and-media/dmv-statement-on-cruise-llc-suspension/", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) issued a ruling as a result of its investigation into Cruise LLC regarding alleged non-compliance with the quality requirements outlined in the revised regulations for autonomous vehicle testing. In response to these findings, the California DMV notified Cruise that it is suspending Cruise's permits for autonomous vehicle deployment and driverless testing with immediate effect. The DMV has also provided Cruise with a set of...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DMV 就 Cruise 涉嫌不遵守自动驾驶汽车测试修订法规中的质量要求展开调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 24 日，加州机动车辆管理局 (DMV) 对 Cruise LLC 涉嫌不遵守自动驾驶汽车测试修订法规中规定的质量要求进行了调查，并发布了一项裁决。针对这些调查结果，加州DMV通知Cruise，将立即暂停Cruise的自动驾驶汽车部署和无人驾驶测试许可。 DMV 还为 Cruise 提供了一套..." }, { "date": "10 December 2023", "title": "Amendment to Michigan campaign finance act regulating AI content (HB 5141)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/billintroduced/House/htm/2023-HIB-5141.htm", "description": "On 12 October 2023, House Bill 5141, amending the Michigan Campaign Finance Act, was introduced in the Michigan legislature. The Bill would require a disclaimer on political advertisements displayed on online platforms, including for search engine marketing, that contain Artificial Intelligence generated audio, images or videos.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密歇根州竞选财务法案修正案（HB 5141）", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 12 日，密歇根州立法机关提出了修订《密歇根州竞选财务法案》的众议院第 5141 号法案。该法案将要求对在线平台上显示的包含人工智能生成的音频、图像或视频的政治广告（包括搜索引擎营销）提供免责声明。" }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "SEC lawsuit against SolarWinds for allegedly misleading investors about its cybersecurity practices", "url": "https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2024-07/SolarWinds%20Opinion%20(Dkt.%20125).pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2024, the Southern District Court of New York issued a ruling in the US Securities and Exchange Commission's enforcement action against SolarWinds Corporation for allegedly misleading investors about its cybersecurity practices. The Court dismissed large parts of the SEC's claims, holding that cybersecurity controls are not part of a company's system of internal accounting controls under the US Securities Exchange Act. However, the Court upheld charges that SolarWinds misled invest...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 对 SolarWinds 提起诉讼，指控其网络安全实践误导投资者", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 18 日，纽约南区法院就美国证券交易委员会针对 SolarWinds Corporation 的执法行动做出裁决，指控其网络安全实践误导投资者。法院驳回了 SEC 的大部分主张，认为网络安全控制不属于美国证券交易法规定的公司内部会计控制系统的一部分。然而，法院维持了 SolarWinds 误导投资的指控……" }, { "date": "31 October 2023", "title": "HHS investigation into Doctors' Management Services regarding ransomware attack", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2023/10/31/hhs-office-civil-rights-settles-ransomware-cyber-attack-investigation.html", "description": "On 31 October 2023, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a ruling following its investigation into Doctors’ Management Services, a medical management company. The ruling includes a settlement to rectify the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations that adversely affected 206'695 individuals. Doctors' Management Services was found to have neglected to establish an adequate risk analysis mechanism to assess potential threats and vulnerabiliti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HHS 对医生管理服务部有关勒索软件攻击的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 31 日，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 对医疗管理公司 Doctors’ Management Services 进行调查后发布裁决。该裁决包括一项和解协议，旨在纠正对 206,695 名个人造成不利影响的健康保险流通与责任法案 (HIPAA) 违规行为。医生管理服务被发现忽视建立适当的风险分析机制来评估潜在威胁和脆弱性......" }, { "date": "25 September 2023", "title": "Lawsuit involving alleged copyright infringement when training of an AI System (Reuters v Ross)", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/b-reuters-v-ross-intelligence-sept-2023-opinion-denying-summary-judgment.pdf", "description": "On 25 September 2023, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued a memorandum opinion favouring trial proceedings in a lawsuit involving alleged copyright infringement when training an AI System (Reuters v ROSS). Both parties motioned for summary judgement of the other, and both were denied on the basis of disputed central facts. After failing to secure a license from Reuters, Ross Intelligence hired a third party to create training memos from Reuters' copyrighted ma...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及人工智能系统训练时涉嫌侵犯版权的诉讼（路透社诉罗斯）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 25 日，美国特拉华州地方法院发布了一份备忘录意见，支持对涉及训练人工智能系统时涉嫌侵犯版权的诉讼进行审判程序（路透社诉 ROSS）。双方均提出对对方进行简易判决，但均因有争议的核心事实而被驳回。在未能获得路透社的许可后，罗斯情报公司聘请了第三方从路透社受版权保护的公司创建培训备忘录。" }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Bill addressing requirements relating to the terms of use for social media platforms (AB 587)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB587", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the Bill addressing requirements relating to the terms of use for social media platforms (AB 587) entered into force. The Bill requires social media companies to publicly post their terms of service for each social media platform they operate and submit semiannual reports on their enforcement of the policies to the Attorney General. Furthermore, the Bill specifies various requirements for the terms of service and reporting. In addition, the Bill outlines civil penalties of ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉及社交媒体平台使用条款相关要求的法案 (AB 587)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 1 日，涉及社交媒体平台使用条款相关要求的法案 (AB 587) 生效。该法案要求社交媒体公司公开发布其运营的每个社交媒体平台的服务条款，并向总检察长提交有关其政策执行情况的半年度报告。此外，该法案还规定了服务条款和报告的各种要求。此外，该法案概述了民事处罚......" }, { "date": "14 September 2023", "title": "Political Bias in Algorithm Sorting Emails Act (Political BIAS Emails Act/ HR 5495)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5495/text?s=4&r=7&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22artificial+intelligence%22%7D", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the Political Bias in Algorithm Sorting Emails Act (Political BIAS Emails Act/ HR 5495) was introduced into the US House of Representatives. If enacted, this legislation would forbid email service providers from using filtering algorithms to classify emails from political campaigns—those explicitly chosen by consumers to receive—as spam. Alongside this prohibition on filtering algorithms for political campaign emails, the bill mandates that every email service operator p...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电子邮件排序算法中的政治偏见法案（政治偏见电子邮件法案/ HR 5495）", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 14 日，《电子邮件算法排序中的政治偏见法案》（政治偏见电子邮件法案/ HR 5495）被提交美国众议院。如果获得通过，这项立法将禁止电子邮件服务提供商使用过滤算法将来自政治活动的电子邮件（消费者明确选择接收的电子邮件）分类为垃圾邮件。除了禁止政治竞选电子邮件的过滤算法外，该法案还要求每个电子邮件服务运营商..." }, { "date": "11 August 2023", "title": "Country of Origin (COOL) Online Act requiring origin and location disclosure for new products of foreign origin offered for sale on the internet (HB 6299)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6299?s=1&r=55", "description": "On 8 November 2023, the Country of Origin (COOL) Online Act, requiring origin and location disclosure for new products of foreign origin offered for sale on the Internet, was introduced to the United States House of Representatives. The Act would require e-commerce platforms to clearly specify the country of origin of all products that are for sale. The Act aims to require platforms to provide consumers with information similar to in-person shopping experiences, protecting against unsafe pr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "原产国 (COOL) 在线法案，要求在互联网上销售的外国原产新产品披露原产地和地点 (HB 6299)", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 8 日，向美国众议院提交了《原产国 (COOL) 在线法案》，要求披露在互联网上销售的外国原产新产品的原产地和地点。该法案将要求电子商务平台明确说明所有待售产品的原产国。该法案旨在要求平台向消费者提供类似于亲自购物体验的信息，防止不安全的产品……" }, { "date": "14 November 2023", "title": "Lawsuit on child safety protection (School Districts v Meta, ByteDance, Alphabet, and SnapChat)", "url": "https://www.cand.uscourts.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/YGR-Order-Granting-in-Part-and-Denying-in-Part-Defendants-Motions-to-Dismiss.pdf", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the United States District Court in the Northern District of California issued a ruling rejecting a motion to dismiss lawsuits alleging platforms' designs caused harm to children filed against Meta, ByteDance, Alphabet, and Snapchat. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuits, arguing that Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act and the First Amendment provide them immunity over the content displayed on their platforms. The Court ruled on the 5 priority c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童安全保护诉讼（学区诉Meta、字节跳动、Alphabet、SnapChat）", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 14 日，美国加州北区地方法院发布裁决，驳回一项驳回针对 Meta、字节跳动、Alphabet 和 Snapchat 提起的指控平台设计对儿童造成伤害的诉讼的动议。被告提出驳回诉讼的动议，辩称《通信规范法》第 230 条和第一修正案赋予他们对其平台上显示的内容的豁免权。法院就 5 项优先权问题作出裁决..." }, { "date": "23 February 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Tel*Link and two subsidiaries concerning data breach", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-finalizes-order-global-tellink-over-security-failures-led-breach-sensitive-data", "description": "On 23 February 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a finalised order against Tel*Link Corp. (GTL) and its subsidiaries, Telmate LLC and TouchPay Holdings LLC, related to their failure to secure sensitive user data. The FTC found that the companies failed to implement adequate security measures to protect users' personal information while copying sensitive unencrypted data of 649'500 users into the cloud for testing purposes. The actions allowed malicious users to gain access to th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Tel*Link 及其两家子公司数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 23 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 针对 Tel*Link Corp. (GTL) 及其子公司 Telmate LLC 和 TouchPay Holdings LLC 发布了最终命令，原因是它们未能保护敏感用户数据。 FTC 发现，这些公司未能实施足够的安全措施来保护用户的个人信息，同时将 649,500 名用户的敏感未加密数据复制到云端进行测试。这些操作允许恶意用户访问该..." }, { "date": "21 November 2023", "title": "FTC resolution establishing compulsory process in non-public investigations involving AI-related products and services", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/11/ftc-authorizes-compulsory-process-ai-related-products-services", "description": "On 21 November 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted an omnibus resolution granting the use of compulsory process, similar to subpoenas, in non-public investigations into products and services utilising or purporting to use artificial intelligence (AI), including generative AI. The resolution will be effective for 10 years, and it simplifies the process for FTC staff to issue civil investigative demands (CIDs) in AI-related probes while maintaining the Commission's oversight on the...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 决议在涉及人工智能相关产品和服务的非公开调查中建立强制程序", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 21 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 通过了一项综合决议，允许在对利用或声称使用人工智能 (AI)（包括生成式 AI）的产品和服务进行非公开调查时使用类似于传票的强制程序。该决议的有效期为 10 年，它简化了 FTC 工作人员在人工智能相关调查中发出民事调查要求 (CID) 的流程，同时维持委员会对……的监督。" }, { "date": "12 November 2023", "title": "Attorney General shortlist of universal opt-out mechanisms under the Colorado Privacy Act", "url": "https://coag.gov/uoom/", "description": "On 11 December 2023, the Colorado Attorney General closed the public consultation on the shortlist of universal opt-out mechanisms (UOOMs) under the Colorado Privacy Act (CPA). The CPA requires qualifying organisations to provide consumers with the option to opt out of the sale of their personal data and its use for targeted advertising through UOOMs. The Colorado Department of Law, after receiving applications for UOOMs from 5 October to 6 November 2023, has selected a preliminary list of th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州隐私法下通用选择退出机制的总检察长候选名单", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 11 日，科罗拉多州总检察长结束了关于科罗拉多州隐私法 (CPA) 下的普遍选择退出机制 (UOOM) 候选名单的公众咨询。 CPA 要求符合资格的组织向消费者提供选择不出售其个人数据以及通过 UOOM 进行定向广告的选择。科罗拉多州法律部在 2023 年 10 月 5 日至 11 月 6 日收到 UOOM 申请后，选定了一份初步名单..." }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Bill for a disclosure obligation for websites and apps with links to the Chinese Communist Party (SB 3329)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3329/all-info", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Bill for a disclosure obligation for websites and apps with links to the Chinese Communist Party (SB 3329) was introduced in the Senate. The Bill would require persons operating a website or selling or distributing a mobile application to make specific disclosures. This disclosure requirement applies to websites and apps that are wholly or partially owned by the Chinese Communist Party, a Chinese state-owned entity, or a non-state entity in the People's Republic of Ch...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对带有中国共产党链接的网站和应用程序的披露义务法案 (SB 3329)", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，参议院向参议院提出了关于具有中国共产党链接的网站和应用程序的披露义务的法案 (SB 3329)。该法案将要求运营网站或销售或分发移动应用程序的人员做出具体披露。此披露要求适用于由中国共产党、中国国有实体或中华人民共和国非国家实体全部或部分拥有的网站和应用程序。" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Bill to support research on privacy-enhancing technologies and promote responsible data use (S 3325)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3325", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Bill to support research on privacy enhancing technologies and promote responsible data use (S 3325) was introduced at the United States Senate. If enacted, the legislation would mandate the National Science Foundation (NSF) to fund research initiatives focused on privacy-enhancing technologies specifically designed to safeguard personal consumer data. Additionally, the Bill calls for collaboration between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "支持隐私增强技术研究并促进负责任的数据使用的法案 (S 3325)", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，美国参议院提出了支持隐私增强技术研究和促进负责任的数据使用的法案 (S 3325)。如果获得通过，该立法将授权美国国家科学基金会（NSF）资助专门针对保护个人消费者数据的隐私增强技术的研究计划。此外，该法案还呼吁美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 和......" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "Bill to establish national data privacy standards in the United States (S 3337)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3337", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Bill to establish national data privacy standards in the United States (S 3337) was introduced in the United States Senate. The Bill's objective is to enhance protections for consumers online, ensuring that entities implement robust data security and privacy measures. Specifically, the Bill empowers consumers by granting them the right to request, dispute accuracy, and either transfer or delete their data without facing repercussions. It also introduces accountability...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定美国国家数据隐私标准的法案 (S 3337)", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，美国参议院提出了建立美国国家数据隐私标准的法案 (S 3337)。该法案的目标是加强对在线消费者的保护，确保实体实施强有力的数据安全和隐私措施。具体来说，该法案赋予消费者提出请求、质疑准确性以及传输或删除其数据而无需承担后果的权利。它还引入了责任..." }, { "date": "29 November 2023", "title": "Bill to enact the Ohio Personal Privacy Act (HB 345)", "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/135/hb345", "description": "On 29 November 2023, the Ohio House of Representatives introduced a Bill to enact the Ohio Personal Privacy Act (HB 345). The Bill applies to companies conducting business in Ohio or producing products or services for consumers in Ohio that satisfy at least one of the size criteria defined in the Bill. In particular, the Bill would apply to businesses that have 25 million in annual gross revenues or, process the data of more than 100’000 consumers or obtain 50% of their revenue from selling d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "颁布俄亥俄州个人隐私法 (HB 345) 的法案", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 29 日，俄亥俄州众议院提出一项法案，颁布《俄亥俄州个人隐私法》(HB 345)。该法案适用于在俄亥俄州开展业务或为俄亥俄州消费者生产产品或服务且至少满足该法案中定义的一项规模标准的公司。特别是，该法案将适用于年总收入为 2500 万美元的企业，或者处理超过 10 万消费者的数据，或者从销售数据中获得 50% 收入的企业。" }, { "date": "12 April 2023", "title": "Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act (PLEWSA/ HR 6570)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6570/all-info?s=5&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22Andy+Biggs%22%7D", "description": "On 4 December 2023, the Protect Liberty and End Warrantless Surveillance Act (PLEWSA/ HR 6570) was introduced to the House of Representatives, aiming to amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) and to reform authorities in order to provide greater transparency and oversight. The PLEWSA amends Section 702 of the FISA and would require obtaining a warrant for all surveillance involving US persons. Presently, Section 702 of the FISA grants the federal government the authority to in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护自由和终止无证监视法 (PLEWSA/HR 6570)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 4 日，《保护自由和终止无证监视法》(PLEWSA/HR 6570) 被提交众议院，旨在修订《外国情报监视法》(FISA) 并改革当局，以提供更大的透明度和监督。 PLEWSA 修订了 FISA 第 702 条，要求对涉及美国人的所有监视获得搜查令。目前，FISA 第 702 条授予联邦政府..." }, { "date": "12 April 2023", "title": "Montana Public Lawsuit against Meta for Misrepresentation of Instagram Content (Montana v Meta)", "url": "https://dojmt.gov/attorney-general-knudsen-files-lawsuit-against-instagram-parent-company-meta/", "description": "On 4 December 2023, Montana Attorney General Knudsen filed a public lawsuit against Meta for failing to accurately represent the kind of data available on its Instagram platform. In particular, the State alleges that sexually explicit content, content promoting or enabling the sale of illicit drugs, explicit materials involving minors and materials promoting suicide or eating disorders, are all readily accessible to minor users, contrary to the company's public reassurances and to the app's a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州针对 Meta 虚假陈述 Instagram 内容提起公开诉讼（蒙大拿州诉 Meta）", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 4 日，蒙大拿州总检察长克努森对 Meta 提起公开诉讼，称其未能准确反映其 Instagram 平台上可用的数据类型。特别是，该国声称，未成年人用户可以轻易获取露骨的色情内容、宣传或促成非法药物销售的内容、涉及未成年人的露骨材料以及宣传自杀或饮食失调的材料，这与该公司的公开保证和该应用程序的承诺背道而驰。" }, { "date": "12 May 2023", "title": "Pennsylvania Online Safety Protection Act (HB 1879)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/BillInfo.cfm?syear=2023&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1879", "description": "On 5 December 2023, the Online Safety Protection Act (HB 1879) was introduced into the Pennsylvania General Assembly. The Act aims to establish duties for entities responsible for creating and offering online services, products, or features that are likely to be used by children. Under the Act, these entities would be required to prioritise the best interests of young users in their design and development process. Furthermore, in cases where the commercial interests of the entities conflict w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州在线安全保护法 (HB 1879)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 5 日，《在线安全保护法案》(HB 1879) 被提交宾夕法尼亚州议会。该法案旨在为负责创建和提供可能被儿童使用的在线服务、产品或功能的实体规定责任。根据该法案，这些实体将被要求在设计和开发过程中优先考虑年轻用户的最大利益。此外，如果实体的商业利益与...发生冲突。" }, { "date": "12 January 2023", "title": "Act establishing provisions relating to the protection of data (SB 731)", "url": "https://www.senate.mo.gov/24info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=272", "description": "On 1 December 2023, a Bill establishing provisions relating to the protection of data (SB 731) was introduced into the Missouri Senate. The Bill aims to add six new sections to chapter 407 of the Revised Statutes of Missouri (RSMo). In particular, the Bill creates new consumer rights regarding the protection of data, sets out additional responsibilities for data controllers regarding data requests, and gives exclusive enforcement authority to the Attorney General. Further, the Bill provides f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定与数据保护有关的规定的法案 (SB 731)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 1 日，密苏里州参议院提交了一项制定数据保护相关规定的法案 (SB 731)。该法案旨在为《密苏里州修订法规》(RSMo) 第 407 章添加六个新章节。特别是，该法案在数据保护方面创造了新的消费者权利，规定了数据控制者在数据请求方面的额外责任，并赋予总检察长专属执行权。此外，该法案规定..." }, { "date": "12 July 2023", "title": "US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) investigation on Lafourche Medical Group after phishing attack", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2023/12/07/hhs-office-for-civil-rights-settles-first-ever-phishing-cyber-attack-investigation.html", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) announced it had reached a settlement in its investigation on Lafourche Medical Group following a breach in 2021 during which patients' protected health information was accessed following a phishing attack. OCR's investigation revealed Lafourche had failed to conduct an adequate risk analysis, as well as having no procedures in place to prevent such breaches and to protect health data in cas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国卫生与公共服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室 (OCR) 在网络钓鱼攻击后对 Lafourche Medical Group 进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 7 日，美国卫生与公共服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室 (OCR) 宣布，在 2021 年 Lafourche Medical Group 因网络钓鱼攻击而导致患者受保护的健康信息被盗取的事件发生后，其调查已达成和解。 OCR 的调查显示，Lafourche 未能进行充分的风险分析，并且没有适当的程序来防止此类违规行为并保护事件中的健康数据。" }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "Bill to Require Browsers to Offer Opt-out Preference Signals (AB 3048)", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/AB-3048-Veto-Message.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the Bill to Require Browsers to Offer Opt-out Preference Signals (AB 3048) was vetoed by the California Governor. The Governor cited concerns about mandating design requirements for operating system developers. The Bill would have required entities developing and providing browsers and mobile operating systems to include an opt-out preference signal setting in the browsers and devices used by consumers to interact with them. The California Privacy Protection Agency was s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求浏览器提供选择退出偏好信号的法案 (AB 3048)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 20 日，要求浏览器提供选择退出偏好信号的法案 (AB 3048) 被加州州长否决。州长提到了对操作系统开发商强制设计要求的担忧。该法案将要求开发和提供浏览器和移动操作系统的实体在消费者用来与其交互的浏览器和设备中包含选择退出偏好信号设置。加州隐私保护局..." }, { "date": "19 April 2024", "title": "Amendment and extension of Title VII of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2670/text", "description": "On 19 April 2024, the applicability of the Bill to amend the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (S 3351) implemented partially in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 (HR 2670) under section 7902, expired. The Bill reauthorised Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 2017 (FISA), which previously expired on 31 December 2023. Section 702 FISA authorized the US government to \"target non-US persons, reasonably believed to be located outside t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《外国情报监视法》(FISA) 第七章的修订和延期", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 19 日，根据《2024 财年国防授权法》(HR 2670) 第 7902 条部分实施的《1978 年外国情报监视法》(S 3351) 修订法案的适用性到期。该法案重新授权了 2017 年《外国情报监视法案》(FISA) 第 702 条，该法案此前已于 2023 年 12 月 31 日到期。第 702 条 FISA 授权美国政府“针对有理由相信位于境外的非美国人……" }, { "date": "14 December 2023", "title": "Technology Transparency Bill (HB 4696)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=4696&session=125&summary=B", "description": "On 14 December 2023, the Technology Transparency Bill (HB 4696) was introduced to the South Carolina Legislature. It aims to amend the state's legal code by adding a new chapter 31 to Title 37. Key provisions include prohibiting governmental entities from communicating with social media platforms in specific instances, outlining applicability and exemptions, defining consumer rights, establishing an appeals process, declaring certain contracts and agreements that waive rights as void, requiri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "技术透明度法案 (HB 4696)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 14 日，《技术透明度法案》(HB 4696) 被提交给南卡罗来纳州立法机构。它旨在通过在第 37 章中添加新的第 31 章来修订该州的法律法规。主要条款包括禁止政府实体在特定情况下与社交媒体平台进行通信、概述适用性和豁免、定义消费者权利、建立上诉程序、宣布某些放弃权利的合同和协议无效、要求..." }, { "date": "14 December 2023", "title": "Ethical AI Bill (HB 1951)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1951&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 14 December 2023, House Bill 1951 was introduced in the Washington House of Representatives. This Bill defines algorithmic discrimination as unequal treatment or impacts based on race, gender, age, disability, and other protected classes stemming from automated decision tools. AI is conceptualised as a systems that can make predictions or decisions affecting real or virtual environments. The Bill encompasses decisions with significant effects on aspects of life such as employment, educati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "道德人工智能法案 (HB 1951)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 14 日，《1951 年众议院法案》在华盛顿众议院提出。该法案将算法歧视定义为基于种族、性别、年龄、残疾和自动决策工具产生的其他受保护类别的不平等待遇或影响。人工智能被概念化为一种可以做出影响真实或虚拟环境的预测或决策的系统。该法案涵盖了对就业、教育等生活方面产生重大影响的决定。" }, { "date": "19 December 2023", "title": "Justice Department investigation into Blackcat ransomware group (ALPHV) ransomware variant and operated websites", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-disrupts-prolific-alphvblackcat-ransomware-variant", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the United States (US) Justice Department (DOJ)announced it concluded its investigation into the Blackcat ransomware group, also known as ALPHV or Noberus. The DPK stated that the group had targeted over 1'000 computer networks globally, causing significant disruptions, including to US critical infrastructure. The affected sectors include government facilities, emergency services, defence industrial base companies, critical manufacturing, healthcare and public health faci...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部对 Blackcat 勒索软件组织 (ALPHV) 勒索软件变种和运营网站进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 19 日，美国司法部 (DOJ) 宣布结束对 Blackcat 勒索软件组织（也称为 ALPHV 或 Noberus）的调查。 DPK 表示，该组织针对全球 1,000 多个计算机网络发起攻击，造成严重破坏，其中包括美国的关键基础设施。受影响的部门包括政府设施、紧急服务、国防工业基地公司、关键制造业、医疗保健和公共卫生设施……" }, { "date": "26 December 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged infringement of consumer privacy (Brown v Google)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.360374/gov.uscourts.cand.360374.1089.0.pdf", "description": "On 26 December 2023, Alphabet's Google agreed to a preliminary settlement in a lawsuit alleging it secretly tracked the internet use of millions of people who believed they were browsing privately. The lawsuit, which sought at least USD 5 billion, was put on hold by a US District Judge in Oakland, California, after lawyers for Google and the consumers announced they had reached a settlement. The terms of the settlement were not disclosed, but a formal settlement is expected to be presented fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉嫌侵犯消费者隐私的诉讼（布朗诉谷歌）", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 26 日，Alphabet 旗下的谷歌同意在一项诉讼中达成初步和解，该诉讼指控谷歌秘密追踪数百万人的互联网使用情况，这些人认为自己正在私下浏览互联网。在谷歌律师和消费者宣布达成和解后，这起索赔至少 50 亿美元的诉讼被加利福尼亚州奥克兰的美国地区法官搁置。和解条款尚未披露，但预计将提出正式和解..." }, { "date": "28 December 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Act relative to cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (S 2539)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/S2539", "description": "On 28 December 2023, an Act concerning cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (S 2539) was introduced to the Senate of Massachusetts. The Act aims to modify section 7D of the general laws by incorporating various new sections pertaining to cybersecurity in connection with artificial intelligence. Notably, the Act proposes the implementation of statewide cybersecurity training, the introduction of several definitions, including \"cybersecurity incident\" and \"critical infrastructure,\" and the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络安全和人工智能相关法案中的网络安全监管 (S 2539)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 28 日，一项有关网络安全和人工智能的法案 (S 2539) 被提交给马萨诸塞州参议院。该法案旨在通过纳入与人工智能相关的网络安全相关的各种新条款来修改一般法律的第 7D 条。值得注意的是，该法案提议实施全州范围的网络安全培训，引入了包括“网络安全事件”和“关键基础设施”在内的多个定义，以及……" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulations Proposed by the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council regarding incident reporting for government contractors (FAR Case No. 2021-0017)", "url": "https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?pubId=202310&RIN=9000-AO34", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council (FAR Council) closed its consultation regarding the proposed Cyber Threat and Incident Reporting Regulation. The proposed rule introduces two additions to the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Subpart 52.239, including a new contract clause and a new representation, both mandatory for all contracts above the micro-purchase threshold. The objective of this rule is to improve cyber threat information sharing and incident reportin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦采购监管委员会提出的关于政府承包商事件报告的网络安全法规（FAR 案例号 2021-0017）", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 2 日，联邦采购监管委员会 (FAR 委员会) 结束了有关拟议网络威胁和事件报告条例的磋商。拟议规则对《联邦采购条例》(FAR) 第 52.239 子部分进行了两项补充，包括新的合同条款和新的表述，这两项条款对于所有高于小额采购门槛的合同都是强制性的。该规则的目的是改善网络威胁信息共享和事件报告..." }, { "date": "1 March 2024", "title": "My Health My Data Act to Regulate Consumer Health Data (SB 173)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/S.173", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Vermont My Health My Data Act (SB 173) was introduced to the Senate of Vermont. The Act proposes to regulate the collection, sharing, and selling of consumer health data in Vermont. The Act aims to prohibit the disclosure of protected health data and aims to establish privacy protections for health data collected by nonspecific healthcare entities, such as applications and websites. The Act would require entities to comply with additional disclosures and obtain consumer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《我的健康我的数据》监管消费者健康数据的法案 (SB 173)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 3 日，佛蒙特州参议院提交了《佛蒙特州我的健康我的数据法案》(SB 173)。该法案提议规范佛蒙特州消费者健康数据的收集、共享和销售。该法案旨在禁止披露受保护的健康数据，并旨在为非特定医疗保健实体（例如应用程序和网站）收集的健康数据建立隐私保护。该法案将要求实体遵守额外的披露并获得消费者……" }, { "date": "4 December 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into X-Mode Social and Outlogic for selling sensitive location data without allegedly obtaining consent", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/04/ftc-finalizes-order-x-mode-successor-outlogic-prohibiting-it-sharing-or-selling-sensitive-location", "description": "On 12 April 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalised the settlement with data broker X-Mode and its successor Outlogic, prohibiting them from sharing or selling sensitive location data. This decision followed allegations that the companies had improperly sold location data that could be used to track individuals to sensitive locations, including health clinics and religious centres. The order not only prohibits the sharing of this data but also requires X-Mode/Outlogic to establish ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 调查 X-Mode Social 和 Outlogic 涉嫌未经同意出售敏感位置数据", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 12 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 与数据经纪商 X-Mode 及其继任者 Outlogic 达成和解，禁止他们共享或出售敏感位置数据。这一决定是在指控这些公司不当出售位置数据后做出的，这些数据可用于追踪个人到敏感地点，包括诊所和宗教中心。该命令不仅禁止共享这些数据，还要求 X-Mode/Outlogic 建立......" }, { "date": "1 September 2024", "title": "House Bill 4696 on Data Protection", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/billsearch.php?billnumbers=4696&session=125&summary=B", "description": "On 9 January 2024, House Bill 4696 was introduced to the South Carolina House of Representatives. The bill applies to entities conducting business in South Carolina or producing a product or service used by its residents, and those processing or selling personal data. It outlines consumer rights including the right to be informed, access, rectification, deletion, data portability, and opt-out of targeted advertising, sale of personal data, or profiling. Controllers are required to establish a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于数据保护的众议院法案 4696", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 9 日，众议院第 4696 号法案被提交给南卡罗来纳州众议院。该法案适用于在南卡罗来纳州开展业务或生产供其居民使用的产品或服务的实体，以及处理或出售个人数据的实体。它概述了消费者权利，包括知情权、访问权、纠正权、删除权、数据可移植性以及选择退出定向广告、出售个人数据或分析的权利。控制器必须建立..." }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "Bill to Protect Privacy of Biological Data (HB24-1058)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1058", "description": "On 17 April March 2024, the Bill to Protect Privacy of Biological Data (HB24-1058) was signed by the Governor of Colorado. The Act expands the definition of \"sensitive data\" under the Colorado Privacy Act to include \"biological data\" and \"neural data\". Biological data includes data generated by the technological processing, measurement, or analysis of an individual's biological, genetic, biochemical, physiological properties, compositions, or activities of an individual's body or bodily funct...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生物数据隐私保护法案 (HB24-1058)", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 17 日，科罗拉多州州长签署了《保护生物数据隐私法案》(HB24-1058)。该法案扩大了科罗拉多州隐私法案中“敏感数据”的定义，将“生物数据”和“神经数据”包括在内。生物数据包括通过技术处理、测量或分析个体的生物、遗传、生化、生理特性、成分或个体身体或身体功能的活动而产生的数据。" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "No AI Fake Replicas and Unauthorized Duplications (No AI FRAUD) Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943/cosponsors", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the No AI Fake Replicas and Unauthorized Duplications (No AI FRAUD) Act was introduced to the United States Congress. The Act aims to address AI-generated fakes and forgeries by reaffirming the protection of every individual's likeness and voice, thereby giving individuals the right to control the use of their identifying characteristics. It also enables individuals to enforce this right against those who facilitate, create, and spread AI fraud without their permission. Th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《禁止人工智能假冒复制品和未经授权的复制（禁止人工智能欺诈）法案》", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，《禁止人工智能假冒复制品和未经授权的复制（禁止人工智能欺诈）法案》被提交给美国国会。该法案旨在通过重申保护每个人的肖像和声音来解决人工智能生成的假货和伪造问题，从而赋予个人控制其身份特征使用的权利。它还使个人能够对那些未经其许可而促进、创造和传播人工智能欺诈的人强制执行这项权利。那个..." }, { "date": "1 September 2024", "title": "Testing requirement in Act relating to regulating developers and deployers of certain AI systems (HB 710)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.710", "description": "On 9 January 2024, the Bill to regulate the development and deployment of high-risk and generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems was introduced to the Vermont Legislature. The Bill proposes the addition of a new chapter to Title 22 of Vermont Statutes, providing definitions for key terms related to AI and outlining specific duties for developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems. Developers are required to exercise reasonable care to avoid algorithmic discrimination and provide det...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与监管某些人工智能系统的开发者和部署者相关的法案中的测试要求 (HB 710)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 9 日，向佛蒙特州立法机关提交了规范高风险和生成人工智能 (AI) 系统的开发和部署的法案。该法案提议在《佛蒙特州法规》第 22 章中增加新的章节，提供与人工智能相关的关键术语的定义，并概述高风险人工智能系统开发者和部署者的具体职责。开发人员必须采取合理的谨慎措施，以避免算法歧视并提供检测..." }, { "date": "1 December 2024", "title": "Investigation into Genesis Global Trading Inc. for Alleged Compliance Failures", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr2024011224", "description": "On 12 January 2024, the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) imposed an USD 8 million fine against Genesis Global Trading Inc. for compliance failures that violated DFS's virtual currency and cybersecurity regulations. The DFS investigation found that Genesis Global Trading failed to meet required standards in Bank Secrecy Act/Anti-Money Laundering compliance, transaction monitoring, Suspicious Activity Report filings, Office of Foreign Assets Control screening, and cybersecu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对 Genesis Global Trading Inc. 涉嫌合规失败的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 12 日，纽约州金融服务部 (DFS) 对 Genesis Global Trading Inc. 处以 800 万美元罚款，原因是其未能合规，违反了 DFS 的虚拟货币和网络安全法规。 DFS 调查发现，Genesis Global Trading 未能满足银行保密法/反洗钱合规、交易监控、可疑活动报告备案、外国资产控制办公室筛查和网络安全方面的要求标准。" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Amendment to Consumer Data Protection Act including cookie opt-out requirement (SB 252)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB252", "description": "On 10 January 2024, a Bill amending the Consumer Data Protection Act including cookie opt-out requirement (SB 252) was introduced to the Virginia Senate. The bill proposes transparency obligations for data controllers, particularly concerning the use of cookies. Controllers must provide a method for consumers to opt out of automatic cookie placement and disclose the purposes for which cookies are used. Controllers are also required to obtain prior consent from consumers before using cookies, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者数据保护法修正案，包括 cookie 选择退出要求 (SB 252)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 10 日，向弗吉尼亚州参议院提交了一项修订《消费者数据保护法》的法案，其中包括 Cookie 选择退出要求 (SB 252)。该法案提出了数据控制者的透明度义务，特别是在 cookie 的使用方面。控制者必须为消费者提供一种选择退出自动 cookie 放置的方法，并披露使用 cookie 的目的。控制者在使用 cookie 之前还必须事先获得消费者的同意，..." }, { "date": "17 January 2024", "title": "FTC Declaration regarding Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement (Global CAPE)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/ftc-signs-multilateral-arrangement-bolster-cooperation-privacy-data-security-enforcement?utm_source=govdelivery", "description": "On 17 January 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) adopted the Global Cooperation Arrangement for Privacy Enforcement (Global CAPE). The Global CAPE enables the FTC to cooperate, assist with investigations, and share information with other privacy authorities worldwide. The Global CAPE allows cooperation on privacy and data security law enforcement issues without needing to negotiate with each participant separately. The Global CAPE supplements Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation Cross-bor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于隐私执法全球合作安排的声明 (Global CAPE)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 17 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 通过了《隐私执法全球合作安排》(Global CAPE)。全球 CAPE 使 FTC 能够与全球其他隐私机构合作、协助调查并共享信息。全球 CAPE 允许在隐私和数据安全执法问题上进行合作，而无需与每个参与者单独谈判。全球CAPE是对亚太经济合作组织跨境..." }, { "date": "17 March 2024", "title": "NYDFS Insurance Circular Letter on AI use", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr202401171", "description": "On 17 March 2024, the New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) closed a consultation on a proposed AI guidance for insurers. The Circular outlines NYDFS’s expectations towards insurers who use external consumer data and information sources (ECDIS), AI systems (AIS), and other predictive models to mitigate potential harm to consumers. NYDFS specifically highlights the risk of the self-learning tendencies of AIS resulting in unfair or unlawful discrimination towards vulnerable communit...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NYDFS 关于人工智能使用的保险通函", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 17 日，纽约金融服务部 (NYDFS) 结束了关于拟议的保险公司人工智能指南的咨询。该通知概述了 NYDFS 对使用外部消费者数据和信息源 (ECDIS)、人工智能系统 (AIS) 和其他预测模型来减轻对消费者的潜在伤害的保险公司的期望。 NYDFS 特别强调了 AIS 的自学倾向导致对弱势群体不公平或非法歧视的风险......" }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "Standardising Cybersecurity Requirements for Unclassified Federal Information Systems (FAR Case 2021-019)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/10/03/2023-21327/federal-acquisition-regulation-standardizing-cybersecurity-requirements-for-unclassified-federal", "description": "On 2 February, the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council (FAR Council) closed the consultation, after the extesion of the initial deadline, on a proposed rule change in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to establish standardised cybersecurity requirements for unclassified Federal Information Systems (FIS). The proposed rule aims to enhance the security of IoT devices used or operated by federal agencies, contractors, or other organizations on behalf of an agency. It is based on recomm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "标准化非机密联邦信息系统的网络安全要求（FAR 案例 2021-019）", "description_zh": "2 月 2 日，联邦采购监管委员会 (FAR 委员会) 在延长最初期限后结束了对联邦采购法规 (FAR) 拟议规则变更的磋商，以建立非机密联邦信息系统 (FIS) 的标准化网络安全要求。拟议规则旨在增强联邦机构、承包商或代表机构的其他组织使用或操作的物联网设备的安全性。它基于推荐..." }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into InMarket over alleged selling of precise consumer location data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/05/ftc-finalizes-order-inmarket-prohibiting-it-selling-or-sharing-precise-location-data", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that a settlement has been reached regarding the investigation into InMarket, a US-based digital advertising company, over their selling of precise consumer location data. Under the terms of the settlement, InMarket is prohibited from selling, sharing, or licensing any precise location data or products targeting consumers based on sensitive location data. Additionally, the company must delete or destroy previously collected locati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 InMarket 涉嫌出售消费者精确位置数据的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 1 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布就对美国数字广告公司 InMarket 出售消费者精准位置数据的调查达成和解。根据和解条款，禁止 InMarket 销售、共享或许可任何精确位置数据或基于敏感位置数据的针对消费者的产品。此外，该公司必须删除或销毁以前收集的位置..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Bill on Child Pornography Crimes (AB 1831)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1831", "description": "On 1 January 2025, AB 1831 on Child Pornography Crimes is implemented. The bill includes amendments to several sections of the Penal Code, focusing on crimes involving child pornography. The amendments include expanding the scope of crimes against the production, distribution, or possession of material depicting minors or what appears to be minors engaging in sexual conduct to include depictions of real or fictional persons under the age of 18 created by artificial intelligence or computer-ge...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童色情犯罪法案中的内容审核规定 (AB 1831)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，关于儿童色情犯罪的 AB 1831 开始实施。该法案包括对《刑法》多个部分的修正案，重点关注涉及儿童色情制品的犯罪。修正案包括扩大针对制作、传播或持有描绘未成年人或看似未成年人从事性行为的材料的犯罪范围，将人工智能或计算机技术创建的对 18 岁以下真实或虚构人物的描绘纳入其中。" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into FloatMe over alleged deceptive marketing and discriminatory practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/ftc-acts-stop-floatmes-deceptive-free-money-promises-discriminatory-cash-advance-practices-baseless", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the US District Court for the Western District of Texas approved a settlement in the investigation of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) into FloatMe, an online cash advance provider, regarding deceptive marketing and discriminatory practices. The FTC reported that FloatMe enticed consumers with promises of quick and free cash advances, made it difficult to cancel the service, and discriminated against consumers receiving public assistance. In addition to that, the FTC sus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 因涉嫌欺骗性营销和歧视行为对 FloatMe 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，美国德克萨斯州西区地方法院批准了联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对在线预借现金提供商 FloatMe 的欺骗性营销和歧视行为调查的和解协议。 FTC 报告称，FloatMe 通过承诺快速、免费的现金预支来吸引消费者，使取消服务变得困难，并歧视接受公共援助的消费者。除此之外，联邦贸易委员会还..." }, { "date": "25 January 2024", "title": "FTC Inquiry into Generative AI Investments and Partnerships", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/ftc-launches-inquiry-generative-ai-investments-partnerships", "description": "On 25 January 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued orders to five companies, including Alphabet, Inc., Amazon.com, Inc., Anthropic PBC, Microsoft Corp., and OpenAI, Inc., requiring them to provide information on recent investments and partnerships involving generative AI companies and major cloud service providers. The FTC's Section 6(b) inquiry aims to scrutinize these corporate partnerships and investments to better understand their impact on the competitive landscape. The orders...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对生成式人工智能投资和合作伙伴关系的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 25 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 向 Alphabet, Inc.、Amazon.com, Inc.、Anthropic PBC、Microsoft Corp. 和 OpenAI, Inc. 等五家公司发出命令，要求它们提供涉及生成式 AI 公司和主要云服务提供商的近期投资和合作伙伴关系的信息。 FTC 的第 6(b) 条调查旨在审查这些企业合作伙伴关系和投资，以更好地了解它们对竞争格局的影响。命令..." }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Consumer Data Protection Act in Hawaii (SB 3018)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=3018&year=2024", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 3018) was introduced in the Hawaii Senate. The Act aims to regulate controllers and processors with access to personal consumer data, establishing a comprehensive framework for data protection. It outlines the rights of consumers, including the right to opt out of personal data processing for targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, or profiling in certain decision-making processes. Furthermore, the Data Protection Act sets out ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷消费者数据保护法 (SB 3018)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，夏威夷参议院提出了《消费者数据保护法》(SB 3018)。该法案旨在监管有权访问个人消费者数据的控制者和处理者，建立全面的数据保护框架。它概述了消费者的权利，包括选择退出有针对性的广告、个人数据销售或某些决策过程中的分析的个人数据处理的权利。此外，《数据保护法》规定..." }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "User Identification Requirement in Rule to Implement AI Executive Order for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Providers", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/29/2024-01580/taking-additional-steps-to-address-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-significant-malicious#h-14", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Secretary of Commerce of the United States closed its consultation on the proposed rule to implement the Executive Order requiring Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers to verify the identity of their foreign customers. It mandates risk-based identity verification procedures, flexible methods, and steps for failed verifications. Recordkeeping requirements involve maintaining, protecting, and accessing records for two years. Foreign resellers must adhere to CIP req...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "为基础设施即服务 (IaaS) 提供商实施人工智能行政命令的规则中的用户身份要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 29 日，美国商务部长结束了关于实施要求基础设施即服务 (IaaS) 提供商验证其外国客户身份的行政命令的拟议规则的磋商。它规定了基于风险的身份验证程序、灵活的方法以及验证失败的步骤。记录保存要求包括维护、保护和访问记录两年。外国经销商必须遵守 CIP 要求..." }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Amendment to the Colorado Privacy Act for Biometric Data Protection (HB24-1130)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1130", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Act amending the Colorado Privacy Act for enhanced biometric data protection entered into force. The Act adds protections for an individual's biometric data. It requires a controller, who determines the purposes for and means of processing biometric data, to adopt a written policy that establishes a retention schedule for biometric identifiers, includes a protocol for responding to a security breach of biometric data, and guidelines for the permanent destruction of a biome...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州生物识别数据保护隐私法案修正案 (HB24-1130)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，修订《科罗拉多州隐私法》以加强生物识别数据保护的法案生效。该法案增加了对个人生物特征数据的保护。它要求控制者确定处理生物识别数据的目的和方式，采用书面政策，建立生物识别标识符的保留时间表，包括响应生物识别数据安全漏洞的协议以及永久销毁生物群落的指南......" }, { "date": "26 January 2024", "title": "Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act/HR 7123)", "url": "https://sorensen.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/sorensen.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/fcc_ai_01_xml12.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the Quashing Unwanted and Interruptive Electronic Telecommunications Act (QUIET Act/HR 7123) was introduced to the United States House of Representatives. The Act aims to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to regulate robocalls using artificial intelligence (AI). If a robocall uses AI to emulate a human being, the Act requires the caller to disclose at the beginning of the call or text message that AI is being used. The Act also provides for doubled penalties for violati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "废除不需要和干扰性电子电信法（QUIET Act/HR 7123）", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 29 日，《消除不需要和干扰性电子电信法案》（QUIET Act/HR 7123）被提交给美国众议院。该法案旨在修订 1934 年的《通信法》，以规范使用人工智能 (AI) 的自动呼叫。如果机器人电话使用人工智能来模拟人类，该法案要求呼叫者在通话或短信开始时披露正在使用人工智能。该法案还规定，对违法行为的处罚将加倍..." }, { "date": "4 January 2024", "title": "Privacy Impact Assessments for AI", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/30/2024-01756/request-for-information-privacy-impact-assessments", "description": "On 1 April 2024, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) closed its consultation on how privacy impact assessments (PIAs) can be more effective at mitigating privacy risks, including those exacerbated by artificial intelligence (AI) and other advances in technology and data capabilities. The consultation aimed to gather insights on the role of PIAs in addressing and mitigating privacy risks and facilitating transparency, as various privacy hazards are linked to the generation, gathering, ut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能隐私影响评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 1 日，管理和预算办公室 (OMB) 结束了关于隐私影响评估 (PIA) 如何更有效地减轻隐私风险的咨询，包括人工智能 (AI) 以及其他技术和数据能力进步所加剧的隐私风险。此次咨询旨在收集关于 PIA 在解决和减轻隐私风险以及促进透明度方面的作用的见解，因为各种隐私危害与生成、收集、使用相关。" }, { "date": "29 January 2024", "title": "Restrictions on Utilizing Realistic Electronic Artificial Language Act (HR 7120)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7120/titles?s=2&r=49", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the Realistic Electronic Artificial Language Act (HR 7120) was introduced to the House of Representatives. If approved, the legislation would mandate that the Federal Trade Commission modify the Telemarketing Sales Rules to introduce a provision stipulating that individuals employing artificial intelligence to simulate a human voice or text message in telemarketing must disclose this fact at the outset of the communication. Additionally, the Act aims to amplify penalties f...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "使用现实电子人工语言的限制法 (HR 7120)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 29 日，《现实电子人工语言法案》(HR 7120) 提交众议院。如果获得批准，该立法将要求联邦贸易委员会修改《电话营销规则》，引入一项条款，规定在电话营销中使用人工智能模拟人类语音或短信的个人必须在通信开始时披露这一事实。此外，该法案旨在加大对……的处罚力度。" }, { "date": "4 January 2024", "title": "NIST Draft Practice Guide for TLS 1.3 Internet Security Protocol Implementation", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/01/new-nccoe-guide-helps-major-industries-observe-incoming-data-while-using", "description": "On 1 April 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closed its consultation on the draft practice guide, \"Addressing Visibility Challenges with TLS 1.3 within the Enterprise (NIST Special Publication (SP) 1800-37)\". The guide, developed at the NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE), offers technical methods to help businesses in key industries such as finance and healthcare comply with the most up-to-date ways of securing data that travels over the pub...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST TLS 1.3 互联网安全协议实施实践指南草案", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 1 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了对实践指南草案“在企业内使用 TLS 1.3 解决可见性挑战（NIST 特别出版物 (SP) 1800-37）”的咨询。该指南由 NIST 国家网络安全卓越中心 (NCCoE) 开发，提供技术方法，帮助金融和医疗保健等关键行业的企业遵守保护公共数据传输的最新方法..." }, { "date": "29 January 2024", "title": "New York State Lawsuit Against Citibank for Alleged Deceptive Practices Regarding Data Security", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/citi-complaint.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the State of New York, represented by Attorney General James, announced a public lawsuit against Citibank. The lawsuit alleges that Citibank has not deployed sufficiently robust data security measures to protect consumer financial accounts, respond appropriately to red flags, or limit theft by scam. The bank is accused of overpromising and underdelivering on security, reacting ineffectively to fraud alerts, misleading consumers, and summarily denying their claims. The comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约州对花旗银行提起诉讼，指控其在数据安全方面存在欺骗行为", "description_zh": "2024年1月29日，纽约州以总检察长詹姆斯为代表，宣布对花旗银行提起公开诉讼。该诉讼称，花旗银行没有部署足够强大的数据安全措施来保护消费者金融账户、对危险信号做出适当反应或限制诈骗盗窃。该银行被指控在安全方面过度承诺但兑现不足、对欺诈警报反应不力、误导消费者并立即否认他们的主张。该公司..." }, { "date": "31 January 2024", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Day Pacer and EduTrek for allegedly misusing consumer contact information", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/01/court-finalizes-injunction-monetary-judgment-against-illegal-telemarketing-operation-its-owners", "description": "On 31 January 2024, the US District Court Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division issued a fine in the lawsuit of the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against Day Pacer and EduTrek for misusing consumer contact information. The court imposed a fine of USD 28.7 million in civil penalties for purchasing and illegally using consumer data to make unsolicited calls to customers and aiding other telemarketing companies in also making illegal calls. Further, the court issued a permanent ban ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Day Pacer 和 EduTrek 提起诉讼，指控其滥用消费者联系信息", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 31 日，美国伊利诺伊州北区东区地方法院在美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对 Day Pacer 和 EduTrek 滥用消费者联系信息的诉讼中处以罚款。法院对购买和非法使用消费者数据主动拨打客户电话以及协助其他电话营销公司拨打非法电话的行为处以 2870 万美元的民事罚款。此外，法院还发布了永久禁令……" }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "FCC Rule Making AI Voice-Generated Robocalls Illegal", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-24-17A1.pdf", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued the Declaratory Ruling that specifies the definition of \"artificial\" under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), including calls made with AI-generated voices. The rule takes effect on the day of the rule release, making voice cloning technology used in common robocall scams targeting consumers illegal. The rule provides State Attorneys General across the country with new tools to prosecute the perpetrators of thes...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 规定人工智能语音自动机器人通话非法", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 8 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 发布了声明性裁决，规定了《电话消费者保护法》(TCPA) 中“人工”的​​定义，包括使用人工智能生成的语音进行的通话。该规则自规则发布之日起生效，使得针对消费者的常见自动电话诈骗中使用的语音克隆技术非法。该规则为全国各地的州总检察长提供了起诉这些犯罪者的新工具......" }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Blackbaud over alleged failure to implement appropriate safeguards to protect personal data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/05/ftc-finalizes-order-blackbaud-related-allegations-firms-security-failures-led-data-breach", "description": "On 20 May 2024, the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalised its ruling against Blackbaud, a provider of data services and software, over allegations of failure to implement appropriate safeguards to protect personal data. Under the order, Blackbaud is required to delete data that it no longer needs to provide its products or services and is prohibited from misrepresenting its data security and data retention policies. The order also mandates Blackbaud to develop a comprehensive...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对 Blackbaud 进行调查，指控其未能采取适当的保护措施来保护个人数据", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 20 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 最终对数据服务和软件提供商 Blackbaud 做出裁决，指控其未能实施适当的保护措施来保护个人数据。根据该命令，Blackbaud 必须删除不再需要提供其产品或服务的数据，并禁止歪曲其数据安全和数据保留政策。该命令还要求 Blackbaud 开发一个全面的..." }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Online Data Security and Privacy Amendments (SB 98)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0098.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Bill Online Data Security and Privacy Amendments (SB 98) was implemented. The Bill amends the definition of a data breach under section 63A-16-1101 of the Utah Code, defining a data breach as unauthorised access, acquisition, disclosure, loss of access, or destruction of personal data, or data that compromises the security, confidentiality, availability, or integrity of the computer systems utilised or information maintained by the entity. Furthermore, the Bill requires ent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在线数据安全和隐私修正案 (SB 98)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 1 日，《在线数据安全和隐私法案修正案》(SB 98) 实施。该法案修订了《犹他州法典》第 63A-16-1101 条中数据泄露的定义，将数据泄露定义为未经授权的访问、获取、披露、访问权限丢失或个人数据的破坏，或者损害实体所使用的计算机系统或实体维护的信息的安全性、机密性、可用性或完整性的数据。此外，该法案要求企业..." }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "Invest in Child Safety Act (HR 7134/SB 3689)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7134", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Invest in Child Safety Act (HR 7134/SB 3689) was introduced to Congress. The Act aims to prevent online child exploitation by allocating over USD 5 billion in mandatory funding to investigate and target online predators and abusers. The Act also proposes funding for community-based prevention efforts and the creation of a new office within the Department of Justice to coordinate efforts across federal agencies. The Act includes measures to increase the number of prosec...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "投资儿童安全法 (HR 7134/SB 3689)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 30 日，《儿童安全投资法案》(HR 7134/SB 3689) 提交国会。该法案旨在通过拨款超过 50 亿美元的强制性资金来调查和打击网络掠夺者和虐待者，从而防止网络儿童剥削。该法案还提议为基于社区的预防工作提供资金，并在司法部内设立一个新办公室来协调联邦机构之间的工作。该法案包括增加起诉数量的措施..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Bill relating to the Consumer Data Protection Act and establishing a framework for controlling and processing personal data in the State (HB 5338)", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=5338&year=2024&sessiontype=RS&btype=bill", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill relating to the Consumer Data Protection Act and establishing a framework for controlling and processing personal data in the State (HB 5338) is implemented in West Virginia. Notably, the Bill incorporates cybersecurity provisions. It outlines an affirmative defence, allowing an entity to invoke it when it develops and adheres to a documented cybersecurity program encompassing administrative, technical, operational, and physical safeguards for safeguarding both per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案中与《消费者数据保护法》相关的网络安全措施以及建立州内控制和处理个人数据的框架 (HB 5338)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，与《消费者数据保护法》和建立州内控制和处理个人数据框架相关的法案 (HB 5338) 在西弗吉尼亚州实施。值得注意的是，该法案纳入了网络安全条款。它概述了积极的防御，允许实体在制定并遵守记录的网络安全计划时调用它，该计划包括行政、技术、操作和物理保障措施，以保护双方……" }, { "date": "18 January 2024", "title": "Online Children's Safety Protection Act (SB 684)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB684", "description": "On 18 January 2024, the the Online Children's Safety Protection Act was introduced in the Virginia Senate. The Act mandates covered entities to protect the interests of children using online services, products, or features. It requires these entities to complete a data protection impact assessment within two years before offering any new online service, product, or feature to the public from 1 July 2024. The Act specifies that covered entities will be prohibited from using children's personal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "网络儿童安全保护法 (SB 684)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 18 日，《在线儿童安全保护法案》在弗吉尼亚州参议院提出。该法案要求相关实体保护使用在线服务、产品或功能的儿童的利益。它要求这些实体从 2024 年 7 月 1 日起，在向公众提供任何新的在线服务、产品或功能之前，在两年内完成数据保护影响评估。该法案规定，所涵盖的实体将被禁止使用儿童的个人..." }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Express Enrollment LLC and Intercontinental Solutions LLC regarding alleged fraudulent advertisement", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/02/ftc-action-leads-permanent-ban-scammers-who-charged-students-seeking-debt-relief-junk-fees", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed orders in connection with its case against Express Enrollment LLC and Intercontinental Solutions LLC for alleged fraudulent advertising practices. These proposed stipulated orders, subject to approval by a federal judge, seek to prohibit Express Enrollment LLC, Intercontinental Solutions LLC, Kissinger, and Esquivel from participating in the debt relief industry. The orders also aim to prevent them from making any false represent...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Express Enrollment LLC 和 InterContinental Solutions LLC 涉嫌欺诈广告进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 6 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 就其针对 Express Enrollment LLC 和 InterContinental Solutions LLC 涉嫌欺诈广告行为的案件提出了命令。这些拟议的规定命令（须经联邦法官批准）旨在禁止 Express Enrollment LLC、InterContinental Solutions LLC、Kissinger 和 Esquivel 参与债务减免行业。这些命令还旨在防止他们做出任何虚假陈述……" }, { "date": "21 August 2024", "title": "Federal Communications Commission Lingo Telecom for allegedly using AI-generated voice cloning in robocalls to spread misinformation to voters", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-404951A1.pdf", "description": "On 21 August 2024, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced it had reached a settlement with Texas-based Lingo Telecom, an entity allegedly responsible for originating robocall traffic using AI-generated voice cloning to spread misinformation to voters prior to New Hampshire's primary election. Lingo Telecom has agreed to pay a penalty of USD 1 million and implement a historic compliance plan requiring the company to comply with the FCC’s STIR/SHAKEN caller ID authentication r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国联邦通信委员会 Lingo Telecom 涉嫌在自动电话中使用人工智能生成的语音克隆向选民传播错误信息", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 21 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 宣布与总部位于德克萨斯州的 Lingo Telecom 达成和解，该实体据称负责在新罕布什尔州初选之前利用人工智能生成的语音克隆发起自动呼叫流量，向选民传播错误信息。 Lingo Telecom 已同意支付 100 万美元的罚款，并实施一项历史性的合规计划，要求该公司遵守 FCC 的 STIR/SHAKEN 来电显示身份验证规则。" }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Data Protection Requirements in Illinois Age-Appropriate Design Code Act (SB 3334)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3334&GAID=17&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=&SessionID=112&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=103", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Illinois Age-Appropriate Design Code Act was introduced in the Illinois Legislature. The Act aims to establish a data protection framework for children, with specific age categories defined. The Act mandates covered entities to conduct data protection impact assessments for goods or services likely to be accessed by children and maintain documentation of these assessments. The Act also requires covered entities to configure default privacy settings to offer a high leve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州适龄设计规范法案 (SB 3334) 中的数据保护要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 7 日，伊利诺伊州立法机关提出了《伊利诺伊州适龄设计规范法案》。该法案旨在建立儿童数据保护框架，并界定特定年龄类别。该法案要求所涵盖的实体对儿童可能接触到的商品或服务进行数据保护影响评估，并保存这些评估的记录。该法案还要求所涵盖的实体配置默认隐私设置，以提供高级别的..." }, { "date": "24 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit against the implementation of the California Privacy Rights Act Regulations (California Privacy Protection Agency v California Chamber of Commerce)", "url": "https://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov/search/case/disposition.cfm?dist=0&doc_id=2948057&doc_no=S283856&request_token=NiIwLSEnXkw7W1BdSCFdUEJIUFQ0UDxTKyIuJz9SUCAgCg%3D%3D", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the California Supreme Court denied the California Chamber of Commerce's petition for review. This follows the California Third District Court of Appeal's ruling in favour of the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) and California Attorney General Rob Bonta in the case initiated by the California Chamber of Commerce challenging the implementation of the California Privacy Rights Act Regulations. The Court ruled that the CPPA's authority to enforce its amended regulati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "反对执行《加州隐私权法案》规定的诉讼（加州隐私保护局诉加州商会）", "description_zh": "2024年4月24日，加州最高法院驳回了加州商会的复审请求。此前，加州第三地区上诉法院在加州商会发起的质疑《加州隐私权法案》实施情况的案件中做出了有利于加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 和加州总检察长罗布·邦塔 (Rob Bonta) 的裁决。法院裁定 CPPA 有权执行其修订后的法规..." }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Age Verification Requirement in Protecting Children on Social Media Act (HB 2858)", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2R/bills/HB2858P.htm", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Protecting Children on Social Media Act was introduced in the Arizona Legislature. The Act stipulates that minors under 16 years of age must receive approval from their parent or guardian before using a social media platform. Furthermore, the Act also prohibits users aged 18 and above from sending messages to minors under 18 on the platform.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护社交媒体儿童的年龄验证要求法案 (HB 2858)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 8 日，亚利桑那州立法机关提出了《保护社交媒体儿童法案》。该法规定，16岁以下未成年人使用社交媒体平台前必须获得父母或监护人的批准。此外，该法案还禁止18岁及以上的用户在平台上向18岁以下的未成年人发送消息。" }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Bill Amending Code of Virginia related to Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 359)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB359", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Virginia Senate passed the Bill Amending the Code of Virginia related to Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 359). The Act prohibits social media platforms from using an addictive feed for users under the age of 18 unless they obtain verifiable parental consent. The Act defines an addictive feed as the recommendation of multiple pieces of content either concurrently or sequentially based on information associated with the user or the user’s device. The Act also stipulate...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与《消费者数据保护法》相关的弗吉尼亚州修正案法案 (SB 359)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 12 日，弗吉尼亚州参议院通过了《弗吉尼亚州法典消费者数据保护法案》修正案 (SB 359)。该法案禁止社交媒体平台为 18 岁以下的用户使用令人上瘾的内容，除非获得可验证的父母同意。该法案将成瘾源定义为基于与用户或用户设备相关的信息同时或顺序推荐多条内容。该法案还规定..." }, { "date": "19 January 2024", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Hawaii Algorithmic Discrimination Bill (HB 1607 / SB 2524)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2524&year=2024", "description": "On 19 January 2024, the Hawaii Algorithmic Discrimination Bill (SB 2524) was introduced to the Hawaii Senate. The Bill would prohibit entities from making algorithmic eligibility determinations based on an individual's race, colour, religion, national origin, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, familial status, source of income, or disability. It also would require entities to provide clear and concise notice about how they use personal information in algorithmic eligibili...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏威夷算法歧视法案中的数据保护条例 (HB 1607 / SB 2524)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 19 日，夏威夷算法歧视法案 (SB 2524) 被提交给夏威夷参议院。该法案将禁止实体根据个人的种族、肤色、宗教、国籍、性别、性别认同或表达、性取向、家庭状况、收入来源或残疾来做出算法资格决定。它还要求实体提供关于他们如何在算法资格中使用个人信息的清晰简洁的通知......" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Establishment of AI Safety Office in Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation in Hawaii (HB 2176/SB 2572)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=2176&year=2024", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Hawaii Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation Act (HB 2176) was introduced to the Hawaii House of Representatives. The Act establishes the Office of Artificial Intelligence Safety and Regulation within the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs. The Office, headed by an executive director, will regulate AI technologies in the State, adhering to the precautionary principle. It will identify and assess risks associated with AI, develop and enforce regulations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在夏威夷设立人工智能安全与监管办公室（HB 2176/SB 2572）", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，《夏威夷人工智能安全与监管法案》(HB 2176) 提交夏威夷众议院。该法案在商业和消费者事务部内设立了人工智能安全和监管办公室。该办公室由一名执行董事领导，将遵循预防原则，监管该州的人工智能技术。它将识别和评估与人工智能相关的风险，制定和执行法规......" }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Performance monitoring requirement in Automated Decision Tools Act (HB 5116)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=5116&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Automated Decision Tools Act (HB 5116) was introduced to the Illinois General Assembly. The Act requires deployers of automated decision tools to perform an annual impact assessment, which includes a statement of purpose, description of the tool's outputs, summary of data collected, analysis of potential adverse impacts, description of safeguards implemented, and evaluation for validity or relevance. The Act also requires deployers to notify any natural person who is t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《自动决策工具法》(HB 5116) 中的绩效监控要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 8 日，《自动决策工具法案》(HB 5116) 提交给伊利诺伊州议会。该法案要求自动化决策工具的部署者进行年度影响评估，其中包括目的声明、工具输出描述、收集的数据摘要、潜在不利影响分析、实施的保障措施描述以及有效性或相关性评估。该法案还要求部署者通知任何自然人..." }, { "date": "1 December 2024", "title": "Testing Requirements in New York Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (A 8129/S 8209)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S8209", "description": "On 12 January 2024, the New York Artificial Intelligence Bill of Rights (S 8209) requiring pre-deployment testing for automated systems was introduced to the New York Senate. The Bill mandates that these systems undergo risk identification and mitigation and are subject to ongoing monitoring to ensure they are safe and effective. If an automated system fails to meet these requirements, it is not to be deployed and must be removed if it was released to the market.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约人工智能权利法案 (A 8129/S 8209) 中的测试要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 12 日，纽约参议院提交了要求对自动化系统进行部署前测试的纽约人工智能权利法案 (S 8209)。该法案要求这些系统进行风险识别和缓解，并接受持续监控，以确保其安全有效。如果自动化系统无法满足这些要求，则不得部署该系统，并且在投放市场后必须将其删除。" }, { "date": "28 December 2023", "title": "Establishment of Automated Decision-Making Control Board in Act concerning cybersecurity and AI (SB 2539)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/S2539", "description": "On 28 December 2023, the Act concerning AI regulation (SB 2539) was introduced in the Massachusetts Senate. The Bill outlines measures regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and would establish the Automated Decision-Making Control Board with the task of evaluating automated decision systems and their use and publicising appropriate regulations, limits, standards and safeguards. Further, the Board would be required to study and issue recommendations regarding the use of automated decision sy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在有关网络安全和人工智能的法案中设立自动决策控制委员会 (SB 2539)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 28 日，马萨诸塞州参议院提出了有关人工智能监管的法案 (SB 2539)。该法案概述了监管人工智能（AI）的措施，并将设立自动决策控制委员会，其任务是评估自动决策系统及其使用，并公布适当的法规、限制、标准和保障措施。此外，董事会将需要研究并发布有关使用自动决策系统的建议......" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "FTC Amendments to Trade Regulation Rule on Impersonation of Government", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/03/01/2024-03793/trade-regulation-rule-on-impersonation-of-government-and-businesses", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) closed its public consultation on its notice of proposed rulemaking on amendments to the Trade Regulation Rule on Impersonation of Government that would prohibit the impersonation of individuals. The proposed amendment aims to extend protections of the Trade Regulation Rule on Impersonation of Government and Businesses to individuals in order to address the increased use of technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), which harm cons...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会关于冒充政府的贸易监管规则修正案", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 结束了关于拟修订《冒充政府贸易监管规则》的规则制定通知的公众咨询，该规则将禁止冒充个人。拟议的修正案旨在将《冒充政府和企业的贸易监管规则》的保护范围扩大到个人，以解决人工智能 (AI) 等技术使用增加的问题，这些技术损害了消费者的利益。" }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Updated List of Critical and Emerging Technologies List", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2024/02/12/white-house-office-of-science-and-technology-policy-releases-updated-critical-and-emerging-technologies-list/", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) announced the release of an updated list of critical and emerging technologies (CETs) significant to US national security. The update includes a range of technologies, with a particular focus on data privacy and artificial intelligence. Examples of artificial intelligence technologies include machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. For data privacy, the list highlights distributed ledger t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "更新的关键和新兴技术列表", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 12 日，白宫科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 宣布发布对美国国家安全具有重要意义的关键和新兴技术 (CET) 的更新列表。此次更新包括一系列技术，特别关注数据隐私和人工智能。人工智能技术的例子包括机器学习、深度学习和强化学习。对于数据隐私，该列表重点介绍了分布式账本..." }, { "date": "14 December 2023", "title": "Amendments to the Security Breach Notification Act (SB 1337)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb1337&Session=2400", "description": "On 14 December 2023, Senate Bill 1337 was introduced to the Legislature of Oklahoma. The bill proposes amendments to the Security Breach Notification Act. The amendments include refined definitions of security breaches, expanded notice requirements, and mandatory disclosure of breaches to affected residents. The bill also introduces a requirement for entities to notify the Oklahoma Attorney General of breaches affecting more than 250 residents. The enforcement of the act includes civil penalt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《安全漏洞通知法》修正案 (SB 1337)", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 14 日，参议院第 1337 号法案被提交给俄克拉荷马州立法机构。该法案提议对《安全漏洞通知法》进行修订。修正案包括细化安全漏洞的定义、扩大通知要求以及强制向受影响的居民披露违规行为。该法案还要求各实体将影响 250 多名居民的违规行为通知俄克拉荷马州总检察长。该法案的执行包括民事处罚..." }, { "date": "1 March 2024", "title": "Bill on Aggravated Harassment and Deep Fakes (AB 4217)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A4217#:~:text=4217%203%206.,or%20publication%20of%20such%20image", "description": "On 3 January 2024, the Bill on Aggravated Harassment and Deep Fakes (AB 4217) was reintroduced to the Assembly of the State of New York. The Bill proposes to amend the penal law and establish the crime of aggravated harassment by means of electronic or digital communication and provides for a private right of action for the unlawful dissemination or publication of deep fakes. The Bill defines “deep fake” as a digitised image altered to incorporate a person's face or identifiable body part ont...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于严重骚扰和深度造假的法案 (AB 4217)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 3 日，《严重骚扰和深度造假法案》(AB 4217) 重新提交给纽约州议会。该法案提议修改刑法，设立以电子或数字通信方式严重骚扰罪，并规定对非法传播或出版深造假货的私人诉讼权。该法案将“深度伪造”定义为经过修改以将人脸或可识别身体部位融入到...的数字化图像。" }, { "date": "21 February 2024", "title": "Attorney General investigation into DoorDash's compliance with Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-settlement-doordash-investigation-finds-company", "description": "On 21 February 2024, the Attorney General (AG) of the California Department of Justice concluded its investigation into DoorDash, a San Francisco-based food delivery platform, for alleged violations of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and the California Online Privacy Protection Act (CalOPPA). The investigation found that DoorDash had sold its California customers' personal information without providing notice or an opportunity to opt-out, in violation of both the CCPA and CalOPPA. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长对 DoorDash 是否遵守《消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 和《在线隐私保护法》(CalOPPA) 的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 21 日，加州司法部总检察长 (AG) 结束了对旧金山食品配送平台 DoorDash 的调查，该平台涉嫌违反《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 和《加州在线隐私保护法》(CalOPPA)。调查发现，DoorDash 在没有提供通知或选择退出的机会的情况下出售了其加州客户的个人信息，这违反了 CCPA 和 CalOPPA。 ..." }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "NTIA's inquiry on Open-Weight AI Models", "url": "https://www.ntia.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ntia-ai-open-model-report.pdf", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) adopted the Report on Dual-Use Foundation Models with Widely Available Model Weights. The Report addresses Artificial Intelligence (AI) developers and stakeholders, covering the spectrum of AI activities involving open model weights, and is the result of an inquiry covered by the NTIA on the subject. The Report outlines sets out the benefits and risks of open foundation models. On the basis of this informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NTIA 对 Open-Weight AI 模型的质询", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 30 日，国家电信和信息管理局 (NTIA) 通过了《关于具有广泛可用模型权重的两用基础模型的报告》。该报告面向人工智能 (AI) 开发人员和利益相关者，涵盖涉及开放模型权重的人工智能活动范围，并且是 NTIA 就此主题进行调查的结果。该报告概述了开放基金会模型的好处和风险。根据这些信息..." }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "Bill amending the Utah Consumer Privacy Act (HB 550)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0550.html", "description": "On 15 February 2024, the Bill amending the Utah Consumer Privacy Act (HB 550) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill obligates a social media company and controller to provide a process for the deletion of a minor's social media posts. This process has to be accessible to the minors, their parents, or their legal guardians. The Bill addresses content posted by minors, defined as individuals under 16 years, regardless of whether it's shared on a social media platform or any a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "犹他州消费者隐私法修正案 (HB 550) 法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 15 日，修订《犹他州消费者隐私法》(HB 550) 的法案被提交至众议院。该法案要求社交媒体公司和控制者提供删除未成年人社交媒体帖子的流程。未成年人、他们的父母或他们的法定监护人必须能够参与这一过程。该法案针对未成年人（定义为 16 岁以下的个人）发布的内容，无论其是否在社交媒体平台或任何其他平台上共享。" }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "Bill containing amendments regarding data brokers (SB 1076)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1076", "description": "On 31 August 2024, bill SB 1076 was rejected by the California Senate as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The bill would have imposed additional requirements on the accessible deletion mechanism regarding authorised agents. It would have mandated that an authorised agent aiding in a deletion request must be registered with, and certified by, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA). The bill also would have prohibited the authorised agent fr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "包含有关数据经纪人的修正案的法案 (SB 1076)", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 31 日，SB 1076 号法案被加州参议院否决，因为该法案未能在 2023-2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案将对授权代理的可访问删除机制提出额外要求。它将强制要求协助删除请求的授权代理人必须在加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 注册并获得认证。该法案还禁止授权代理人..." }, { "date": "28 February 2024", "title": "Executive Order on Preventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and US Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern (EO 14117)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/03/01/2024-04573/preventing-access-to-americans-bulk-sensitive-personal-data-and-united-states-government-related", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the President of the United States signed the Executive Order on Preventing Access to Americans' Bulk Sensitive Personal Data and US Government-Related Data by Countries of Concern. The order is issued under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), which gives the President the power to address exceptional threats to national security originating either entirely or partially from outside the United States. Under the executive order, the Department of Justi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于防止相关国家访问美国人的大量敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据的行政命令 (EO 14117)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 28 日，美国总统签署了《关于防止相关国家获取美国人的大量敏感个人数据和美国政府相关数据的行政命令》。该命令是根据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）发布的，该法赋予总统处理全部或部分来自美国境外的对国家安全的特殊威胁的权力。根据该行政命令，司法部..." }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Advisory on the ALPHV Blackcat ransomware", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-353a", "description": "On 27 February 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) jointly adopted a Cybersecurity Advisory on the ALPHV Blackcat ransomware. The advisory disseminates known indicators of compromise (IOCs) and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) associated with the ransomware identified through recent FBI investigations. The advisory also provides updates on the evolution of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 ALPHV Blackcat 勒索软件的网络安全咨询", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 27 日，联邦调查局 (FBI)、网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 以及卫生与公共服务部 (HHS) 联合通过了关于 ALPHV Blackcat 勒索软件的网络安全咨询。该通报传播了与 FBI 最近调查发现的勒索软件相关的已知妥协指标 (IOC) 以及策略、技术和程序 (TTP)。该咨询还提供了有关……演变的最新信息。" }, { "date": "9 October 2024", "title": "BIOSECURE Act (HR 7085)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7085/text", "description": "On 10 September 2024, an Act to prohibit contracting with certain biotechnology providers, and for other purposes (\"BIOSECURE Act\") was passed by the House of Representatives of the United States. The Act aims to prohibit executive agencies from procuring or obtaining any biotechnology equipment or service produced or provided by a biotechnology company of concern. It also restricts these agencies from entering into, extending, or renewing contracts with any entity that uses such biotechnolog...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生物安全法案 (HR 7085)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 10 日，美国众议院通过了一项禁止与某些生物技术提供商签订合同以及用于其他目的的法案（“BIOSECURE 法案”）。该法案旨在禁止行政机构采购或获得相关生物技术公司生产或提供的任何生物技术设备或服务。它还限制这些机构与任何使用此类生物技术的实体签订、延长或续签合同……" }, { "date": "2 September 2024", "title": "Illinois Commercial Algorithmic Impact Assessments Act (HB5322)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=112&GA=103&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=5322&GAID=17&LegID=&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Illinois Commercial Algorithmic Impact Assessments Act (HB5322) was introduced to the Illinois General Assembly. The Act applies to operators of an automated decision tool with more than 50 employees, or those whose tool affects more than 999 people per year. The Act mandates annual impact assessments for deployers and developers of automated decision tools starting from 1 January 2026. The assessments aim to summarise the nature and extent of the tool, its usage, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州商业算法影响评估法案 (HB5322)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 9 日，伊利诺伊州商业算法影响评估法案 (HB5322) 被提交给伊利诺伊州议会。该法案适用于拥有超过 50 名员工的自动决策工具的运营商，或该工具每年影响超过 999 人的运营商。该法案要求从 2026 年 1 月 1 日起对自动化决策工具的部署者和开发者进行年度影响评估。评估旨在总结该工具的性质和范围、其使用情况以及……" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Bill regulating the use of predictive data analytics in employment decisions in Amendment to the Illinois Human Rights Act (HB 3773)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=149031&SessionID=112&SpecSess=&Session=&GA=103", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Amendment to the Illinois Human Rights Act (HB 3773) including regulation to the use of predictive data analytics in employment decisions nterd into force. The Amendment establishes that employers using predictive data analytics in employment decisions, such as recruiting, hiring, promotion, and renewal of employment, must not consider an applicant's race or zip code as a proxy for race. Predictive Data Analytics is defined as the use of machine learning algorithms for ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《伊利诺伊州人权法修正案》(HB 3773) 中规范在就业决策中使用预测数据分析的法案", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，伊利诺伊州人权法案修正案 (HB 3773) 生效，其中包括对在就业决策中使用预测数据分析的规定。该修正案规定，雇主在招聘、雇用、晋升和续聘等雇佣决策中使用预测数据分析时，不得将申请人的种族或邮政编码视为种族的代表。预测数据分析被定义为使用机器学习算法......" }, { "date": "2 May 2024", "title": "Worker protection regulation in Oklahoma Citizen's Bill of Rights", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb1975&Session=2400", "description": "On 5 February 2024, the Citizen's Bill of Rights, including worker protection regulation, was introduced in the Oklahoma Legislature. The Bill includes provisions that restrict the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and biotechnology applications to replace citizen workers unless an offsetting employment is provided within the state. Any worker replaced by AI is entitled to receive six months' pay and a benefits package.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州公民权利法案中的工人保护规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 5 日，包括工人保护法规在内的《公民权利法案》在俄克拉荷马州立法机构提出。该法案包括限制使用人工智能（AI）和生物技术应用来取代公民工人的条款，除非在州内提供抵消性就业。任何被人工智能取代的工人都有权获得六个月的工资和福利待遇。" }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "41 Attorneys General investigation into Meta regarding Account Takeovers and Lockouts", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Multistate%20Letter%20on%20Account%20Takovers_Ltrhd.pdf", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the National Association of Attorneys General (State AGs) sent a letter to Meta expressing their concerns regarding account takeovers and lockouts on the social media platforms Facebook and Instagram. The State AGs requested immediate action to address the increase in user account takeovers and lockouts after having experienced a spike in complaints in recent years concerning account takeovers primarily because of the risk of financial harm to both the affected user and other...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "41 总检察长对 Meta 有关账户接管和锁定的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 5 日，全国总检察长协会 (State AG) 致函 Meta，表达了他们对社交媒体平台 Facebook 和 Instagram 上的账户接管和锁定的担忧。近年来，有关帐户接管的投诉激增，主要是因为受影响的用户和其他人面临经济损失的风险，州总检察长要求立即采取行动，解决用户帐户接管和锁定的增加问题。" }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Maryland Kids Code (SB0571)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/sb0571", "description": "On 1 October May 2024, the Consumer Protection - Online Products and Services - Data of Children (Maryland Kids Code) Act came into effect. The Act requires any entity in scope offering an online product likely to be accessed by children to complete a data protection impact assessment by 1 April 2026. Entities in scope include limited liability companies, corporations, associations, or other legal entities that are operated for shareholders' profit, collect customers' personal information, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马里兰州儿童法规 (SB0571)", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 1 日，《消费者保护 - 在线产品和服务 - 儿童数据（马里兰州儿童法典）法案》生效。该法案要求任何提供可能被儿童访问的在线产品的实体在 2026 年 4 月 1 日之前完成数据保护影响评估。范围内的实体包括有限责任公司、公司、协会或其他以股东利益为目的、收集客户个人信息、..." }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Act for Recommendations on Deepfake Technology Education and Potential Harms (HB 863)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.863", "description": "On 27 February 2024, an Act relating to recommendations on the Education and Potential Harms of Deepfake Technology (HB 863) was introduced into the Vermont Legislature. The Act mandates the production of a report by the Agency of Digital Services, in coordination with the Division of Artificial Intelligence, to be submitted to the General Assembly by 1 October 2024. The report will contain recommendations on educating the public about the potential harms of deepfake technology, providing sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 Deepfake 技术教育和潜在危害的建议法案 (HB 863)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 27 日，一项有关 Deepfake 技术的教育和潜在危害建议的法案 (HB 863) 被提交给佛蒙特州立法机构。该法案要求数字服务局与人工智能司协调，在 2024 年 10 月 1 日之前向大会提交一份报告。该报告将包含有关教育公众了解深度造假技术潜在危害的建议，并提供安全保障。" }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Bill on protecting employee rights in the workplace with regards to the use of digital technology (SB 6299)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=6299&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Bill on protecting employee rights in the workplace with regards to the use of digital technology (SB 6299) was introduced to the Washington State Legislature. The Bill would make it unlawful for employers to use a replica of an employee's voice or likeness without explicit consent for a specific use. Further, the Bill would prohibit the use of artificial intelligence or generative artificial intelligence for employment decisions without written disclosure at the time ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于在工作场所使用数字技术方面保护员工权利的法案 (SB 6299)", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 24 日，《关于在工作场所使用数字技术保护员工权利的法案》(SB 6299) 被提交给华盛顿州立法机构。该法案规定，雇主在未明确同意特定用途的情况下使用员工声音或肖像的复制品是非法的。此外，该法案将禁止在当时没有书面披露的情况下使用人工智能或生成人工智能进行就业决策......" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "Security And Freedom Enhancement Act of 2024 (SAFE Act/SB 3961)", "url": "https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/press/releases/durbin-lee-introduce-bipartisan-safe-act-to-reform-fisa-section-702", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Security And Freedom Enhancement Act of 2024 (SAFE Act/SB 3961) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act reforms Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978, introducing measures to prevent its abuse. It requires intelligence agencies to obtain a court order or warrant before accessing the contents of Americans' communications collected under Section 702. The Act also targets the \"data broker loophole\" by prohibiting intelligence and law e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年安全和自由增强法案（SAFE 法案/SB 3961）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，《2024 年安全与自由增强法案》（SAFE Act/SB 3961）被提交给美国参议院。该法案对 1978 年《外国情报监视法》第 702 条进行了改革，引入了防止其滥用的措施。它要求情报机构在访问根据第 702 条收集的美国人通信内容之前必须获得法院命令或搜查令。该法案还通过禁止情报和法律..." }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practices in Amendment to Campaign Reporting Act (HB 182)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legtype=B&legno=182&year=24", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the amendment to the Campaign Reporting Act (HB 182) enters into force. The amendment addresses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in advertisements, outlining specific requirements for disclaimers and penalties for non-compliance. Specifically, the bill introduces requirements for the use of AI in advertisements. Specifically, if an advertisement is created, produced, or purchased using AI, it must include a disclaimer indicating this. The disclaimer must be clear and c...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《竞选报告法》修正案 (HB 182) 中的公平营销和广告实践", "description_zh": "《竞选报告法》(HB 182) 修正案于 2024 年 3 月 5 日生效。该修正案涉及人工智能（AI）在广告中的使用，概述了免责声明的具体要求以及对违规行为的处罚。具体来说，该法案提出了在广告中使用人工智能的要求。具体来说，如果广告是使用人工智能创建、制作或购买的，则必须包含表明这一点的免责声明。免责声明必须明确且..." }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Worker protection regulation in No Robot Bosses Act of 2024 (HR 7621)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7621?s=1&r=4", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the No Robot Bosses Act of 2024, including worker protection regulation (HR 7621), was introduced in the US House of Representatives. The Act would prohibit employers from relying exclusively on an automated decision system when making employment-related decisions, mandating independent and human oversight of outputs used for employment-related decisions. Further, the Act would require timely disclosures from employers on the use, inputs and outputs of automated decision sys...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年《禁止机器人老板法案》中的工人保护规定 (HR 7621)", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 12 日，美国众议院提出了《2024 年无机器人老板法案》，其中包括工人保护法规 (HR 7621)。该法案将禁止雇主在做出与就业相关的决策时完全依赖自动化决策系统，并要求对用于就业相关决策的产出进行独立和人工监督。此外，该法案要求雇主及时披露自动化决策系统的使用、输入和输出……" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Reddit's sale, licensing and sharing of user-generated content with third parties to train AI models", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1713445/000162828024011448/reddit-sx1a2.htm", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) initiated a non-public inquiry focused on Reddit’s sale, licensing, or sharing of user-generated content with third parties for Artificial intelligence (AI) model training. The FTC expressed interest in meeting with the company to gather information on Reddit’s plans and intends to request information and documents regarding the agreements signed for sharing the data and to determine if the collection and sharing comply with the regulations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 调查 Reddit 销售、许可以及与第三方共享用户生成内容以训练人工智能模型的行为", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 启动了一项非公开调查，重点关注 Reddit 销售、许可或与第三方共享用户生成内容以进行人工智能 (AI) 模型训练的情况。 FTC 表示有兴趣与该公司会面，收集有关 Reddit 计划的信息，并打算索取有关为共享数据而签署的协议的信息和文件，并确定收集和共享是否符合规定……" }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit on the application of content moderation regulations to social media activities by public officials (Lindke v Freed)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/22-611_ap6c.pdf", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case of Lindke v Freed, which addressed the application of content moderation regulations to social media activities by public officials. The Supreme Court established guidelines regarding the circumstances under which public officials can block social media users. The case involved James Freed, a city manager of Port Huron, Michigan, who managed a Facebook page where he posted personal and job-related information. The C...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于公职人员将内容审核法规应用于社交媒体活动的诉讼（Lindke v Freed）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 15 日，美国最高法院就 Lindke v Freed 案作出裁决，解决了公职人员对社交媒体活动适用内容审核法规的问题。最高法院就公职人员可以屏蔽社交媒体用户的情况制定了指导方针。此案涉及密歇根州休伦港的城市经理詹姆斯·弗里德（James Freed），他管理着一个 Facebook 页面，在该页面上发布个人和工作相关信息。中..." }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Updated Guidance on Online Tracking Technologies for HIPAA Covered Entities and Business Associates", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/guidance/hipaa-online-tracking/index.html", "description": "On 18 March 2024, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued an updated Guidance outlining the responsibilities of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) covered entities and their business associates when using online tracking technologies. These technologies, necessary for collecting and analysing user interactions with websites and apps, must comply with HIPAA privacy, security, and breach notification rule...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HIPAA 涵盖实体和业务伙伴的在线跟踪技术更新指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 18 日，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室 (OCR) 发布了更新版指南，概述了 1996 年健康保险流通与责任法案 (HIPAA) 涵盖的实体及其业务伙伴在使用在线跟踪技术时的责任。这些技术是收集和分析用户与网站和应用程序交互所必需的，必须符合 HIPAA 隐私、安全和违规通知规则……" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Bill expanding definition of sensitive personal information to include neural data (SB 1223)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1223", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill expanding definition of sensitive personal information to include neural data (SB 1223) is implemented. The Bill amends the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) to include the definition of “neural data” as information generated by the measurement of the activity of an individual's central or peripheral nervous systems and not inferred from non-neural information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案扩展敏感个人信息的定义以包括神经数据 (SB 1223)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，法案将敏感个人信息的定义扩大到包括神经数据 (SB 1223)。该法案修订了 2018 年加州消费者隐私法案 (CCPA)，将“神经数据”定义为通过测量个人中枢或周围神经系统活动生成的信息，而不是从非神经信息推断的信息。" }, { "date": "19 March 2024", "title": "New powers for the Federal Trade Commission in AI Consent Act (SB 3975)", "url": "https://www.lujan.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/lujan-welch-introduce-billto-require-online-platforms-receive-consumers-consent-before-using-their-personal-data-to-train-ai-models/", "description": "On 19 March 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Consumer Opt-in, Notification, Standards, and Ethical Norms for Training (AI Consent Act/SB 3975) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Act would require online platforms to obtain consumers' consent in order to use, sell or share their personal data to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. The Act would grant the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforcement authority over the obligations introduced by the Act. In particular, the A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会在人工智能同意法案 (SB 3975) 中的新权力", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 19 日，向美国参议院提交了《人工智能消费者选择加入、通知、标准和道德规范培训》（《人工智能同意法》/SB 3975）。该法案将要求在线平台获得消费者的同意才能使用、出售或分享他们的个人数据来训练人工智能（AI）模型。该法案将授予美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对该法案规定的义务执行权力。特别是，A..." }, { "date": "23 March 2024", "title": "Bill to prohibit the use of funds to label speech as disinformation or misinformation or to coerce online platforms to alter, remove, restrict, or suppress speech (SA 1795)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/amendment/118th-congress/senate-amendment/1795/text?s=a&r=23", "description": "On 23 March 2024, the Bill to prohibit the use of funds to label speech as disinformation or misinformation or to coerce online platforms to alter, remove, restrict, or suppress speech (SA 1795) was introduced as an amendment to the government spending package (HR 2882) The Bill would prohibit any federal employee from using these funds to create or disseminate lists that label speech by US citizens as disinformation or misinformation or to influence platforms to censor such speech. It also p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止使用资金将言论标记为虚假信息或错误信息或强迫在线平台更改、删除、限制或压制言论的法案（SA 1795）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 23 日，禁止使用资金将言论标记为虚假信息或错误信息或强迫在线平台改变、删除、限制或压制言论的法案 (SA 1795) 作为政府支出计划 (HR 2882) 的修正案提出。该法案将禁止任何联邦雇员使用这些资金创建或传播将美国公民的言论标记为虚假信息或错误信息的列表，或影响平台审查此类言论。它还..." }, { "date": "28 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit alleging algorithmic price-fixing (Cornish-Adebiyi v Caesars Entertainment)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/03/ftc-doj-file-statement-interest-hotel-room-algorithmic-price-fixing-case", "description": "On 28 March 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), joined by the Justice Department's Antitrust Division, filed a statement of interest with the District of New Jersey in the case of Cornish-Adebiyi v Caesars Entertainment. The statement of interest outlines the agencies' policy on anticompetitive agreements related to algorithmic price-fixing of hotel rooms. The statement clarifies that entities cannot evade antitrust laws by using algorithms to collude on room prices. It emphasises the i...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指控算法定价的诉讼（Cornish-Adebiyi 诉 Caesars Entertainment）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 28 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 与司法部反垄断部门一起，就 Cornish-Adebiyi 诉 Caesars Entertainment 案向新泽西州特区提交了一份利益声明。利益声明概述了各机构对与酒店客房算法定价相关的反竞争协议的政策。该声明澄清，实体不能通过利用算法串通房价来逃避反垄断法。它强调了我..." }, { "date": "29 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit regarding Fair Credit Reporting Act's applicability to personal identifying information (Nelson v Experian Information Solutions)", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/consumer-reporting-companies-have-an-obligation-to-correct-errors/", "description": "On 29 March 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), acting as the primary enforcers of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), filed an amicus brief in the US Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. This legal action addresses the dispute involving Experian Information Solutions, a consumer reporting company, which argued that the FCRA's requirement to investigate incorrect or incomplete information does not apply to personal identifying ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于《公平信用报告法》对个人识别信息的适用性的诉讼（Nelson 诉 Experian Information Solutions）", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 29 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 和联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 作为公平信用报告法 (FCRA) 的主要执行者，向美国第十一巡回上诉法院提交了一份非当事人意见陈述。这项法律诉讼解决了涉及消费者报告公司 Experian Information Solutions 的纠纷，该公司辩称 FCRA 调查不正确或不完整信息的要求不适用于个人身份识别……" }, { "date": "4 February 2024", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency Enforcement Advisory No. 2024-01 on Data Minimisation Principles", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/enfadvisory202401.pdf", "description": "On 2 April 2024, the Californian Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) adopted the enforcement advisory No. 2024-01 on data minimisation principles. Under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) minimisation principle, businesses must ensure that they only collect, use, retain, and share the necessary amount of personal information. The CCPA further stipulates that the use of personal information should be necessary and proportionate to the purpose for which the information was collected. This ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局关于数据最小化原则的第 2024-01 号执法建议", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 2 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 通过了关于数据最小化原则的第 2024-01 号执行建议。根据加州消费者隐私法案 (CCPA) 最小化原则，企业必须确保仅收集、使用、保留和共享必要数量的个人信息。 CCPA 进一步规定，个人信息的使用应当是必要的，并且与收集信息的目的相称。这 ..." }, { "date": "4 February 2024", "title": "Cyber Safety Review Board investigation into Microsoft Online Exchange incident", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2024/04/02/cyber-safety-review-board-releases-report-microsoft-online-exchange-incident-summer", "description": "On 2 April 2024, the United States Cyber Safety Review Board (CSRB) published a report concluding its investigation into a Microsoft Online Exchange incident from the summer of 2023. The report attributes the significant cybersecurity incident in 2023 to a Chinese hacking group known as Storm-0558, which compromised Microsoft Exchange Online mailboxes of various organisations and individuals, including high-level US government officials, by exploiting a stolen cryptographic signing key from M...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全审查委员会对 Microsoft Online Exchange 事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 2 日，美国网络安全审查委员会 (CSRB) 发布了一份报告，总结了对 2023 年夏季以来发生的 Microsoft Online Exchange 事件的调查。该报告将 2023 年发生的重大网络安全事件归咎于一个名为 Storm-0558 的中国黑客组织，该组织利用从微软窃取的加密签名密钥，破坏了包括美国政府高级官员在内的各种组织和个人的 Microsoft Exchange Online 邮箱。" }, { "date": "4 April 2024", "title": "Order Amending SME IFR and AC/S IFR and Imposing Additional Export Controls on Certain Advanced Computing Items", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/04/2024-07004/implementation-of-additional-export-controls-certain-advanced-computing-items-supercomputer-and", "description": "On 4 April 2024, the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce's order amending export controls entered into force. In particular, the order amends the Export Controls on Semiconductor Manufacturing Items (SME IFR) and Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use, Updates and Corrections (AC/S IFR). The amendment extends export restrictions for high-performance chips to computers containing those hi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订 SME IFR 和 AC/S IFR 并对某些先进计算项目实施额外出口管制的命令", "description_zh": "2024年4月4日，商务部工业和安全局的出口管制修改令生效。特别是，该命令修订了《半导体制造项目出口管制》(SME IFR) 和实施附加出口管制：某些先进计算项目；超级计算机和半导体最终使用、更新和更正 (AC/S IFR)。该修正案将高性能芯片的出口限制扩大到含有这些高性能芯片的计算机。" }, { "date": "26 May 2024", "title": "Sexual Explicit Digital Image Act (HB 4623)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=4623&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "On 26 May 2024, the Sexual Explicit Digital Image Act (HB 4623) was adopted by the Illinois Senate. The Act aims to combat child exploitation through the obscene depiction of a child and amends the definition of \"child pornography\" also to include images that were manipulated, created or modified in a way to simulate sexual activity. In particular, a person commits an offence if they create, distribute, or possess visual depictions of a child under 18 or an individual with a severe or profoun...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "色情数字图像法 (HB 4623)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 26 日，伊利诺伊州参议院通过了《色情数字图像法案》(HB 4623)。该法案旨在打击通过对儿童的淫秽描绘来剥削儿童，并修改了“儿童色情制品”的定义，将以模拟性活动的方式操纵、创建或修改的图像也包括在内。特别是，如果一个人创作、传播或拥有 18 岁以下儿童或患有严重或深刻精神障碍的个人的视觉描绘，即构成犯罪。" }, { "date": "4 February 2024", "title": "Measures granting Attorney General enforcement powers in Louisiana Consumer Privacy Act (HB 947)", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=24rs&b=HB947&sbi=y", "description": "On 2 April 2024, the Louisiana Consumer Privacy Act was introduced into the Louisiana House of Representatives. The Act establishes a system for receiving and investigating consumer complaints about violations of the Act, granting the Attorney General exclusive enforcement authority. If adopted, the Act is set to enter into force on 31 December 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "路易斯安那州《消费者隐私法》(HB 947) 中授予总检察长执行权的措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 2 日，路易斯安那州消费者隐私法案被提交路易斯安那州众议院。该法案建立了一个接收和调查消费者对违反该法案的投诉的制度，并授予总检察长专属执行权。如果获得通过，该法案将于 2024 年 12 月 31 日生效。" }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "Testing requirement in California Bill on Automated Decision Tools (AB 2930)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2930", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the California State Senate rejected the Bill on Automated Decision Tools (AB 2930) as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023 - 2024 legislative session. An earlier version of the Bill would have mandated a comprehensive testing requirement for automated decision tools used across various sectors. The Bill required both deployers and developers of such tools to conduct an annual impact assessment. These assessments, detailing the purpose, intended benefits, use...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州自动决策工具法案 (AB 2930) 中的测试要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 31 日，加州参议院否决了《自动决策工具法案》(AB 2930)，因为该法案未能在 2023 - 2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案的早期版本将强制要求对各个部门使用的自动化决策工具进行全面的测试。该法案要求此类工具的部署者和开发者进行年度影响评估。这些评估详细说明了目的、预期好处、用途……" }, { "date": "4 August 2024", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Walker Montgomery Protecting Children Online Act (HB 1126)", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2024/pdf/history/HB/HB1126.xml", "description": "On 8 April 2024, the Walker Montgomery Protecting Children Online Act was adopted by the Senate. The act imposes content moderation obligations on digital service providers, particularly concerning material deemed harmful to minors. Providers must develop a strategy and implement measures to prevent minors' exposure to such content, including material related to suicide, self-harm, substance abuse, bullying, sexual exploitation, violence, and other illegal activities. If the Act becomes law a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沃克·蒙哥马利在线保护儿童法案 (HB 1126) 中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 8 日，参议院通过了《沃克·蒙哥马利保护在线儿童法案》。该法案对数字服务提供商规定了内容审核义务，特别是有关被认为对未成年人有害的材料的义务。提供商必须制定战略并实施措施，防止未成年人接触此类内容，包括与自杀、自残、药物滥用、欺凌、性剥削、暴力和其他非法活动相关的材料。如果该法案成为法律..." }, { "date": "5 March 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Attorney General's regulations implementing Florida Digital Bill of Rights (rule 2-3.001/2-3.002/2-3.004)", "url": "https://flrules.org/Gateway/View_notice.asp?id=28261646", "description": "On 3 May 2024, the public consultation closed on the Attorney General's regulations implementing the Florida Digital Bill of Rights (rule 2-3.001/ 2-3.002/ 2-3.003/2-3.004). The regulations implement Section 501.72(5) of the Florida Statutes, which were amended by the Florida Digital Bill of Rights (SB 262). The regulations include definitions for authorised persons and authorised users. Under the Regulations, an authorised person is a consumer whose data is processed or sold by a processor o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "执行《佛罗里达州数字权利法案》的总检察长法规中的数据保护规定（规则 2-3.001/2-3.002/2-3.004）", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 3 日，关于总检察长实施佛罗里达州数字权利法案的规定（规则 2-3.001/2-3.002/2-3.003/2-3.004）的公众咨询结束。该法规实施《佛罗里达州法规》第 501.72(5) 条，并经《佛罗里达州数字权利法案》(SB 262) 修订。这些法规包括授权人员和授权用户的定义。根据该条例，授权人是指其数据由处理者处理或出售的消费者......" }, { "date": "5 August 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice lawsuit against Cerebral over alleged deceptive and unfair practices related to privacy, data security, and subscription cancellations", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/222-3067-cerebral-inc-kyle-robertson-us-v", "description": "On 8 May 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced it had reached a settlement with Cerebral, Inc., an online mental health service provider, over allegations of deceptive subscription and data practices. As part of the settlement, more than 40'000 consumers who requested cancellation on or before May 2022 but were still charged will receive refunds totalling over USD 5 million. The settlement resolves allegations that Cerebral engaged in deceptive practices by imposing a burdensome ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会和司法部对 Cerebral 提起诉讼，指控其在隐私、数据安全和订阅取消方面存在欺骗性和不公平行为", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 8 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布与在线心理健康服务提供商 Cerebral, Inc. 就欺骗性订阅和数据行为指控达成和解。作为和解协议的一部分，超过 40,000 名在 2022 年 5 月或之前要求取消但仍被收取费用的消费者将获得总额超过 500 万美元的退款。该和解协议通过施加繁重的处罚解决了 Cerebral 从事欺骗行为的指控......" }, { "date": "4 October 2024", "title": "Bill amending Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law including labelling requirements for AI-generated content (HB 1598)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=2023&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1598", "description": "On 10 April 2024, the Bill amending Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law, including labelling requirements for AI-generated content (HB 1598), was passed by the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania. The Bill requires that any AI-generated content, including text, images, audio, and video, have a clear and conspicuous disclosure indicating that AI-generated it. The disclosure must be presented to the consumer at the first instance of content delivery in a manner that is easil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订不公平贸易行为和消费者保护法的法案，包括人工智能生成内容的标签要求 (HB 1598)", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 10 日，宾夕法尼亚州众议院通过了修订《不公平贸易行为和消费者保护法》的法案，包括人工智能生成内容的标签要求 (HB 1598)。该法案要求任何人工智能生成的内容，包括文本、图像、音频和视频，都必须明确、显着地披露，表明它是人工智能生成的。该披露必须在内容交付的第一个实例中以简单的方式呈现给消费者..." }, { "date": "16 April 2024", "title": "Guidance on AI and Consumer Protection Laws in Massachusetts", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/news/ag-campbell-issues-advisory-providing-guidance-on-how-state-consumer-protection-and-other-laws-apply-to-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 16 April 2024, the Attorney General of Massachusetts issued an advisory aimed at developers, suppliers, and users of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The Advisory clarifies the obligations of these parties under the State's consumer protection, anti-discrimination, and data security laws. In particular, it lists practices that may be considered unfair or deceptive under the Massachusetts Consumer Protection Act, such as falsely advertising AI system quality, misrepresenting reliabilit...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州人工智能和消费者保护法指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 16 日，马萨诸塞州总检察长针对人工智能 (AI) 系统的开发商、供应商和用户发布了一份咨询意见。该咨询明确了这些各方根据国家消费者保护、反歧视和数据安全法所承担的义务。特别是，它列出了《马萨诸塞州消费者保护法》下可能被视为不公平或欺骗性的做法，例如虚假宣传人工智能系统质量、歪曲可靠性……" }, { "date": "14 February 2024", "title": "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA/Publication (SP) 800-66)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/66/r2/final", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology adopted a Cybersecurity Resource Guide, implementing the Security Rule under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The Cybersecurity Resource Guide provides information on the protection of electronic protected health information (ePHI) that is held or maintained by regulated entities. Regulated entities include healthcare providers, health plan providers, healthcare clearinghouses, and business...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "健康保险流通与责任法案 (HIPAA/出版物 (SP) 800-66)", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 14 日，美国国家标准与技术研究所通过了网络安全资源指南，实施《健康保险流通与责任法案》(HIPAA) 下的安全规则。网络安全资源指南提供有关保护受监管实体持有或维护的电子受保护健康信息 (ePHI) 的信息。受监管的实体包括医疗保健提供者、健康计划提供者、医疗保健信息交换所和企业……" }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "DHS's Safety and Security Guidelines for Critical Infrastructure Owners and Operators", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/publication/safety-and-security-guidelines-critical-infrastructure-owners-and-operators", "description": "On 26 April 2024, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in collaboration with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), adopted the safety and security guidelines for critical infrastructure owners and operators. The guidelines aim to mitigate risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in critical infrastructure, and they were developed as part of Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国土安全部针对关键基础设施所有者和运营商的安全指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 26 日，国土安全部 (DHS) 与网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 合作，通过了关键基础设施所有者和运营商的安全指南。该指南旨在减轻与在关键基础设施中使用人工智能 (AI) 相关的风险，它们是作为关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用的第 14110 号行政命令的一部分而制定的。特..." }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Department of Homeland Security inquiry into risks at intersection of Artificial Intelligence and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/publication/fact-sheet-dhs-advances-efforts-reduce-risks-intersection-artificial-intelligence-and", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office (CWMD) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a report on the risks at the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. The report was issued as part of the implementation of Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The report focuses on the reduction of risks associated with the misus...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国土安全部对人工智能与化学、生物、放射性和核（CBRN）威胁交叉的风险进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 29 日，国土安全部 (DHS) 反大规模杀伤性武器办公室 (CWMD) 发布了一份关于人工智能 (AI) 与化学、生物、放射性和核 (CBRN) 威胁交叉的风险的报告。该报告是作为执行关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用的第 14110 号行政命令的一部分而发布的。该报告的重点是减少与滥用相关的风险......" }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "Secure Software Development Practices for Generative AI and Dual-Use Foundation Models (NIST SP 800-218A ipd)", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-218A.pdf", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) adopted the Guideline on the Secure Software Development Practices for Generative AI and Dual-Use Foundation Models (NIST SP 800-218A). The Guideline focuses on secure software development practices for generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and dual-use foundation models. The Guideline is applicable to AI model producers, AI system producers, and AI system acquirers, addressing the entire AI model development life...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式 AI 和两用基础模型的安全软件开发实践 (NIST SP 800-218A ipd)", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 26 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 通过了《生成人工智能和两用基础模型的安全软件开发实践指南》(NIST SP 800-218A)。该指南重点关注生成人工智能 (AI) 和两用基础模型的安全软件开发实践。 《指南》适用于人工智能模型生产者、人工智能系统生产者、人工智能系统获取者，涵盖整个人工智能模型开发生命周期……" }, { "date": "6 February 2024", "title": "NIST Report on Reducing Risks Posed by Synthetic Content (NIST AI 100-4)", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/docs/NIST.AI.100-4.SyntheticContent.ipd.pdf", "description": "On 2 June 2024, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes its public consultation on the report Reducing Risks Posed by Synthetic Content (NIST AI 100-4). This report evaluates existing and potential science-backed standards, tools, methods, and practices for managing synthetic content, including authentication, provenance tracking, and labeling techniques such as watermarking. Furthermore, the report addresses the detection of synthetic content, the prevention of ha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 关于降低合成内容带来的风险的报告 (NIST AI 100-4)", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 2 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束对《降低合成内容带来的风险》报告 (NIST AI 100-4) 的公众咨询。该报告评估了用于管理合成内容的现有和潜在的科学支持的标准、工具、方法和实践，包括身份验证、来源跟踪和水印等标签技术。此外，该报告还讨论了合成内容的检测、预防危害……" }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Act to criminalise the wrongful dissemination of digitisations (SB 2577)", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2024/pdf/history/SB/SB2577.xml", "description": "On 1 July 2024, an Act to criminalise the wrongful dissemination of digitisations (SB 2577) comes into effect. The Act establishes criminal penalties for the wrongful dissemination of digitisations, specifically targeting deepfakes and other technologically manipulated content. Digitalisation is defined as realistically altered images or audio using an image or audio of a person, other than the person depicted, computer-generated images or audio. Digitisation also includes the creation of an ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将错误传播数字化定为犯罪的法案 (SB 2577)", "description_zh": "一项将错误传播数字化行为定为刑事犯罪的法案 (SB 2577) 于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。该法案对错误传播数字化内容规定了刑事处罚，特别是针对深度伪造和其他技术操纵的内容。数字化被定义为使用除所描绘的人之外的人的图像或音频、计算机生成的图像或音频来真实地改变图像或音频。数字化还包括创建..." }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "NIST's Plan for Global Engagement on AI Standards (NIST AI 100-5)", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.100-5.pdf", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) adopted the Guidance on the Plan for Global Engagement on AI Standards (NIST AI 100-5). The Guidance applies to all sectors involved in Artificial Intelligence (AI) related activities, including standards development organisations, industry, academia, civil society, and foreign governments. It covers AI standards across all scopes, both horizontal (cross-sectoral) and vertical (sector-specific). The Guidance recomme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 全球参与人工智能标准计划 (NIST AI 100-5)", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 26 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 通过了《人工智能标准全球参与计划指南》(NIST AI 100-5)。该指南适用于参与人工智能（AI）相关活动的所有部门，包括标准制定组织、工业界、学术界、民间社会和外国政府。它涵盖了所有范围的人工智能标准，包括水平（跨部门）和垂直（特定部门）。 《指导意见》建议..." }, { "date": "29 July 2024", "title": "USPTO inquiry into the impact of AI on certain patentability determinations", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/30/2024-08969/request-for-comments-regarding-the-impact-of-the-proliferation-of-artificial-intelligence-on-prior#citation-16-p34218", "description": "On 29 July 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) closes its public consultation to gather comments on the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on aspects of patent protection regulation. These include prior art, the knowledge of a person having ordinary skill in the art (PHOSITA), and patentability determinations. The consultation is intended to address the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in the context of intellectual property, with a particular focus ...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国专利商标局调查人工智能对某些专利性决定的影响", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 29 日，美国专利商标局 (USPTO) 结束公众咨询，以收集有关人工智能 (AI) 对专利保护监管方面影响的意见。这些包括现有技术、本领域普通技术人员的知识（PHOSITA）以及专利性确定。此次磋商旨在应对人工智能在知识产权领域带来的挑战和机遇，特别关注......" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "Act requiring online platforms to label political advertisements (HR 8172)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8172?s=1&r=21", "description": "On 30 April 2024, an Act requiring online platforms to label political advertisements and amending the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (HR 8172) was introduced into the US Congress. The Act requires social media platforms displaying political advertisements to disclose through a notice or label who paid for them. Further, when an ad is shared or reposted, the notice should continue to be presented in the advertisement", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求在线平台标记政治广告的法案 (HR 8172)", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，一项要求在线平台标注政治广告并修订 1971 年联邦竞选法案 (HR 8172) 的法案被提交美国国会。该法案要求展示政治广告的社交媒体平台通过通知或标签披露付费者。此外，当广告被分享或转发时，该通知应继续出现在广告中" }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Bill on Privacy Protections for Children's Online Data (SB 24-041)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-041", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Act on Protections for Children's Online Data, amending the Colorado Privacy Act (SB 24-041), enters into force. The Act amends existing laws to include additional data protections for minors' online activity. The Act mandates controllers who conduct business in Colorado or deliver products or services targeted at Colorado residents to minimise the risk of harm to minors. It requires a data protection assessment for any online service, product, or feature known or presu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童在线数据隐私保护法案 (SB 24-041)", "description_zh": "修订《科罗拉多州隐私法》(SB 24-041) 的《儿童在线数据保护法》于 2025 年 10 月 1 日生效。该法案修订了现行法律，纳入对未成年人在线活动的额外数据保护。该法案要求在科罗拉多州开展业务或向科罗拉多州居民提供产品或服务的控制者应尽量减少对未成年人造成伤害的风险。它要求对任何已知或预知的在线服务、产品或功能进行数据保护评估..." }, { "date": "5 July 2024", "title": "Act to Amend Titles 10 and 11 of the Delaware Code Relating to Deep Fakes (HB 353)", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=141103", "description": "On 7 May 2024, the Act to Amend Titles 10 and 11 of the Delaware Code Relating to Deep Fakes (HB 353) was passed by the Delaware General Assembly. The Act introduces civil and criminal remedies for the wrongful disclosure of deep fakes depicting individuals in the nude or engaging in sexual conduct. It aligns with the remedies provided under the Delaware Uniform Civil Remedies for Unauthorised Disclosure of Intimate Images Act and the Violation of Privacy offence. Furthermore, the Act stipula...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订特拉华州法典中与深度造假相关的第 10 章和第 11 章的法案 (HB 353)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 7 日，特拉华州议会通过了《特拉华州深造假法典》第 10 章和第 11 章修正案 (HB 353)。该法案针对错误披露描绘裸体或从事性行为的深度造假行为引入了民事和刑事补救措施。它与《特拉华州针对未经授权披露亲密图像法案和侵犯隐私罪的统一民事补救措施》规定的补救措施一致。此外，该法案规定..." }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "FCC investigation into Royal Tiger Group under Consumer Communications Information Services Threat (C-CIST) classification framework", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-402506A1.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) classified “Royal Tiger” Group and its associated entities and individuals as a Consumer Communications Information Services Threat (C-CIST) in the United States. The FCC classification aims to empower international and domestic regulatory and law enforcement partners in the fight against robocall fraud. The classification follows the FCC's “Spring Cleaning” initiative, targeting illegal robocall campaigns, including those misusing a...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 根据消费者通信信息服务威胁 (C-CIST) 分类框架对 Royal Tiger Group 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 13 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 将“Royal Tiger”集团及其关联实体和个人列为美国消费者通信信息服务威胁 (C-CIST)。 FCC 分类旨在增强国际和国内监管和执法合作伙伴打击自动电话欺诈的能力。该分类遵循 FCC 的“春季大扫除”举措，针对非法自动电话活动，包括那些滥用..." }, { "date": "5 August 2024", "title": "Enhancing National Frameworks for Overseas Restriction of Critical Exports Act (ENFORCE Act/HR 8315)", "url": "https://docs.house.gov/meetings/FA/FA00/20240516/117316/BILLS-1188315ih.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 5 August 2024 for United States of America concerning Enhancing National Frameworks for Overseas Restriction of Critical Exports Act (ENFORCE Act/HR 8315). See the linked docs.house.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《加强关键出口海外限制国家框架法》（ENFORCE Act/HR 8315）", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 8 日，美国众议院提出了《加强关键出口海外限制国家框架法案》（ENFORCE Act/HR 8315）。 ENFORCE 法案修订了 2018 年出口管制改革法案，以防止外国对手利用美国人工智能 (AI) 和其他支持技术。特别是，它将为美国人出口、再出口或国内转让某些物品制定许可要求。此外，其他..." }, { "date": "19 March 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Act amending Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (HB 2017)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2023&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=2017&pn=3072", "description": "On 19 March 2024, an amendment to the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes (HB 2017) was introduced in the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania. This amendment pertains to Title 50 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, which addresses the protection of minors on social media platforms. Among its provisions, the amendment seeks to implement protection from harmful conduct and content. Under this provision, social media platforms would be required to establish and maintain a transparent ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州综合法规修正案法案中的内容审核规定 (HB 2017)", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 19 日，宾夕法尼亚州众议院提出了《宾夕法尼亚州综合法规》修正案 (HB 2017)。该修正案涉及《宾夕法尼亚州综合法规》第 50 章，其中涉及社交媒体平台上未成年人的保护。在其条款中，修正案旨在实施针对有害行为和内容的保护。根据这项规定，社交媒体平台将被要求建立和维持透明的......" }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "Act establishing the Massachusetts Data Privacy Act (HB 4632)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H4632", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the Act establishing the Massachusetts Data Privacy Act (HB 4632) was introduced in the House of Representatives, consolidating SB 227, HB 60, HB 80, and HB 83 into one comprehensive act. The Act outlines obligations for entities, excluding those acting in a non-commercial capacity, who independently or jointly determine the purposes and methods of collecting, processing, or transferring covered data. The Act introduces a duty of loyalty requirement for covered entities and se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "制定《马萨诸塞州数据隐私法》的法案 (HB 4632)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 13 日，制定马萨诸塞州数据隐私法 (HB 4632) 的法案在众议院提出，将 SB 227、HB 60、HB 80 和 HB 83 合并为一项综合法案。该法案概述了独立或共同确定收集、处理或传输所涵盖数据的目的和方法的实体（不包括以非商业身份行事的实体）的义务。该法案对所涵盖的实体和服务提出了忠诚义务要求..." }, { "date": "14 May 2024", "title": "Insurance Data Security Bill (SB 134)", "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/33?Root=SB134#tab6_4", "description": "On 14 May 2024, the Insurance Data Security Bill (SB 134) was adopted by the Alaska legislature. The Bill outlines data security measures to protect consumer information and outlines the responsibilities of insurance companies in maintaining data privacy and responding to security breaches. In particular, under the legislation, licensees are required to perform a risk assessment proportional to their operational scope and complexity and subsequently develop, execute, and follow a written info...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保险数据安全法案 (SB 134)", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 14 日，阿拉斯加立法机构通过了《保险数据安全法案》(SB 134)。该法案概述了保护消费者信息的数据安全措施，并概述了保险公司在维护数据隐私和应对安全漏洞方面的责任。特别是，根据立法，被许可人必须执行与其运营范围和复杂性成比例的风险评估，然后制定、执行和遵循书面信息……" }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "SEC investigation into Intercontinental Exchange and affiliates over alleged failure to report security incident", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2024-63?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced it settled charges with the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) and its Affiliates, among them the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In April 2021, the ICE was informed about a cyber incident, specifically that a malicious code was inserted into the organisation's Virtual Private Network (VPN). According to the Regulation Systems Compliance and Integrity (Regulation SCI), the SEC would have to be notified immediately and provided with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 因涉嫌未报告安全事件而对洲际交易所及其附属公司进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 22 日，美国证券交易委员会宣布与洲际交易所 (ICE) 及其附属公司（其中包括纽约证券交易所 (NYSE)）达成和解。 2021 年 4 月，ICE 获悉一起网络事件，特别是恶意代码被插入该组织的虚拟专用网络 (VPN)。根据法规系统合规性和完整性（SCI 法规），必须立即通知 SEC 并提供..." }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "FCC rule on disclosure for AI-generated content used in political advertisement", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/rosenworcel-proposes-ai-disclosure-political-ads-tv-radio", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a proposal for a rule on the obligation to disclose artificial intelligence (AI) generated content used in political advertisements. The proposal does not seek to ban AI-generated content but to mandate broadcasters and content providers, including cable and satellite operators, to disclose when such technology is used. If the proposal is adopted, the FCC will open a public consultation.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 关于披露政治广告中使用的人工智能生成内容的规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 22 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 宣布了一项关于披露政治广告中使用的人工智能 (AI) 生成内容的义务的规则提案。该提案并不寻求禁止人工智能生成的内容，而是要求广播公司和内容提供商（包括有线和卫星运营商）披露何时使用此类技术。如果该提案获得通过，FCC 将公开征求意见。" }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Department of the Treasury inquiry into vulnerabilities associated with NFTs and NFT platforms", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2382", "description": "On 29 May 2024, the Department of the Treasury published the Non-fungible Token (NFT) Illicit Finance Risk Assessment in order to outline the risks associated with NFTs and NFT platforms and the measures to be adopted to address them. The assessment identifies the vulnerabilities of NFTs to illicit activities such as money laundering, terrorist financing, and proliferation financing, with a particular focus on their exploitation of fraud and scams. The report also emphasises the need for impr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部调查与 NFT 和 NFT 平台相关的漏洞", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 29 日，财政部发布了《不可替代代币（NFT）非法金融风险评估》，概述了与 NFT 和 NFT 平台相关的风险以及解决这些风险的措施。该评估确定了 NFT 在洗钱、恐怖主义融资和扩散融资等非法活动中的脆弱性，特别关注其利用欺诈和骗局的情况。报告还强调需要改进..." }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Guidance Regarding Customer Service Requests and Complaints", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry-guidance/industry-letters/il20240530-cus-serv-req-and-complains", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the New York State Department of Financial Services adopted its guidance regarding customer service requests and complaints. The guidance is addressed to Virtual Currency Entities (VCEs) regarding the resolution of customer service requests and complaints. VCEs must address these in a timely and fair manner. The guidance outlines expectations for customer service mechanisms, including phone and electronic text communication, and emphasises the importance of providing detailed ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关客户服务请求和投诉的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 30 日，纽约州金融服务部通过了有关客户服务请求和投诉的指南。该指南针对虚拟货币实体（VCE）有关解决客户服务请求和投诉的指南。 VCE 必须及时、公平地解决这些问题。该指南概述了对客户服务机制的期望，包括电话和电子文本通信，并强调提供详细信息的重要性......" }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "NIST inquiry into age estimation software for age verification requirements", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2024/05/nist-reports-first-results-age-estimation-software-evaluation", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) concluded its first evaluation of software algorithms designed for estimating a person's age from photographs. This inquiry aimed to assess the performance of six voluntarily submitted algorithms in the context of age verification requirements for machine learning and artificial intelligence development sectors. The evaluation sought to determine the algorithms' accuracy in age estimation, a key component in age assuran...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 对年龄估计软件年龄验证要求的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 30 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 完成了对用于根据照片估算人的年龄的软件算法的首次评估。该调查旨在评估六种自愿提交的算法在机器学习和人工智能开发领域的年龄验证要求的背景下的性能。该评估旨在确定算法在年龄估计方面的准确性，年龄估计是年龄保证的关键组成部分......" }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "Texas Attorney General Data Privacy and Security Initiative", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-launches-data-privacy-and-security-initiative-protect-texans-sensitive", "description": "On 4 June 2024, Texas Attorney General (AG) adopted the data privacy and security initiative, aimed at enforcing Texas privacy laws. This initiative, operating within the Consumer Protection Division of the Office of the Attorney General (OAG), is designed to ensure that companies comply with Texans' privacy rights and protect their personal data. The initiative will focus on the enforcement of several Texas privacy protection laws, including the Data Privacy and Security Act, Identify Theft ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长数据隐私和安全倡议", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 4 日，德克萨斯州总检察长 (AG) 通过了数据隐私和安全倡议，旨在执行德克萨斯州隐私法。该举措由总检察长办公室 (OAG) 消费者保护部门负责运作，旨在确保公司遵守德克萨斯州人的隐私权并保护他们的个人数据。该计划将重点关注德克萨斯州多项隐私保护法的执行，包括《数据隐私和安全法》、《身份盗窃》……" }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "FCC rule for improving internet routing security", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-403034A1.pdf", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a proposal aimed at enhancing the security of America's communications networks against cyberattacks through improved internet routing security. The proposal mandates broadband internet access service providers to annually prepare and update confidential reports detailing their efforts and future plans to mitigate vulnerabilities in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a key internet routing protocol. Additionally, the nat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 提高互联网路由安全的规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 6 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 宣布了一项提案，旨在通过改进互联网路由安全性来增强美国通信网络免受网络攻击的安全性。该提案要求宽带互联网接入服务提供商每年准备和更新机密报告，详细说明他们为缓解关键互联网路由协议边界网关协议（BGP）漏洞所做的努力和未来计划。此外，国家..." }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "NCCoE Trusted Internet of Things (IoT) Device Network-Layer Onboarding and Lifecycle Management", "url": "https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/news-insights/nccoe-releases-draft-nist-sp-1800-36-trusted-iot-onboarding", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the US National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the consultation on the Draft Trusted Internet of Things (IoT) Device Network-Layer Onboarding and Lifecycle Management. This draft aims to introduce scalable, automated, and trusted mechanisms for provisioning network credentials to IoT devices, enhancing their security from the onset of deployment and throughout their lifecycle. The consultation gat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NCCoE 可信物联网 (IoT) 设备网络层接入和生命周期管理", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 30 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 国家网络安全卓越中心 (NCCoE) 结束了关于可信物联网 (IoT) 设备网络层接入和生命周期管理草案的磋商。该草案旨在引入可扩展、自动化和可信的机制，用于向物联网设备提供网络凭据，从而增强其从部署开始到整个生命周期的安全性。此次咨询..." }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "FCC rule on reporting on border gateway protocol risk mitigation progress and secure internet routing", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-24-62A1.pdf", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a notice of proposed rulemaking in the matter of reporting on border gateway protocol risk mitigation progress and secure internet routing to ensure the stability and security of internet operations essential to public safety and national security. The notice addresses the importance of the Internet in modern life and ongoing efforts to secure the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a fundamental component of Internet infrastruc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 关于报告边界网关协议风险缓解进展和安全互联网路由的规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 7 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 发布了关于报告边界网关协议风险缓解进展和安全互联网路由的拟议规则制定通知，以确保对公共安全和国家安全至关重要的互联网运营的稳定性和安全性。该通知强调了互联网在现代生活中的重要性，以及为保护边界网关协议 (BGP) 所做的持续努力，边界网关协议是互联网基础设施的基本组成部分。" }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "Bill amending Federal Election Campaign Act regarding transparency over AI generated content (HR 8668)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8668/all-actions?overview=closed&s=1&r=34#tabs", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the Bill amending the Federal Election Campaign Act regarding transparency over AI-generated content (HR 8668) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill aims to enhance transparency regarding the use of content substantially generated by artificial intelligence in political advertisements. It requires that such advertisements include a statement within their content if generative AI was used to create any image, audio, or video footage. The Bill aims to ensure t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦竞选法修正案关于人工智能生成内容透明度的法案 (HR 8668)", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 7 日，向众议院提交了修订《联邦竞选法》有关人工智能生成内容透明度的法案 (HR 8668)。该法案旨在提高政治广告中人工智能生成的内容的使用透明度。如果使用生成式人工智能来创建任何图像、音频或视频片段，则要求此类广告在其内容中包含声明。该法案旨在确保..." }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "User rights in California Social Media Users' Bill of Rights", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240ACR219", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the California Social Media Users’ Bill of Rights was rejected in the California Legislature as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Bill mandated that social media platforms must provide users with easily accessible, concise, and user-friendly policies regarding usage, privacy, and terms of service. Additionally, under this legislation, social media platforms would have been required to analyse and minimise the potential negativ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州社交媒体用户权利法案中的用户权利", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 31 日，《加州社交媒体用户权利法案》在加州立法机关被否决，因为该法案未能在 2023-2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案要求社交媒体平台必须为用户提供易于访问、简洁且用户友好的有关使用、隐私和服务条款的政策。此外，根据这项立法，社交媒体平台将被要求分析并尽量减少潜在的负面影响……" }, { "date": "13 June 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning social media photo scanning (Martell v. X Corp.)", "url": "https://casetext.com/case/martell-v-x-corp", "description": "On 13 June 2023, the Illinois District Court issued an order dismissing a lawsuit under the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) brought against X Corporation regarding its use of Microsoft's PhotoDNA software. The court clarified that PhotoDNA, which employs hash-based digital signatures to identify objectionable content such as illegal porn images, does not collect biometric identifiers as defined by BIPA, reinforcing the legality of technology companies using such content mode...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关社交媒体照片扫描的诉讼（马爹利诉 X Corp.）", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 13 日，伊利诺伊州地方法院发布命令，驳回根据《伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法案》(BIPA) 针对 X Corporation 使用微软 PhotoDNA 软件提起的诉讼。法院澄清，PhotoDNA 采用基于哈希的数字签名来识别非法色情图片等令人反感的内容，它不会收集 BIPA 定义的生物识别标识符，这加强了使用此类内容模式的科技公司的合法性……" }, { "date": "25 June 2024", "title": "Attorney General lawsuit against Temu for allegedly violating the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (ADTPA) and the Arkansas Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA)", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024-06-25-Temu-12CV-24-149-Complaint.pdf", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the State of Arkansas, represented by Attorney General Tim Griffin, filed a lawsuit against the parent companies of Temu, PDD Holdings Inc. and WhaleCo Inc., alleging violations of the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (ADTPA) and the Arkansas Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). The lawsuit claims that Temu operates not just as an online marketplace but as a business that collects and monetises user data through unauthorised means. In addition, Temu is accused of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长对 Temu 提起诉讼，指控其违反《阿肯色州欺骗性贸易行为法》(ADTPA) 和《阿肯色州个人信息保护法》(PIPA)", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 25 日，阿肯色州总检察长蒂姆·格里芬 (Tim Griffin) 代表阿肯色州对 Temu、PDD Holdings Inc. 和 WhaleCo Inc. 的母公司提起诉讼，指控其违反《阿肯色州欺骗性贸易行为法》(ADTPA) 和《阿肯色州个人信息保护法》(PIPA)。该诉讼称，Temu 不仅作为在线市场运营，而且作为一家通过未经授权的方式收集用户数据并从中获利的企业。此外，特穆还被指控..." }, { "date": "7 September 2024", "title": "FTC lawsuit against NGL Labs alleging unfair marketing of its service to children and deceptive claims regarding AI content moderation program", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/07/ftc-order-will-ban-ngl-labs-its-founders-offering-anonymous-messaging-apps-kids-under-18-halt?utm_source=govdelivery", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office reached a settlement with NGL Labs and its co-founders regarding alleged unfair and deceptive practices in the operation of their anonymous messaging app. The defendants are mandated to pay a settlement of USD 5 million and are prohibited from offering their messaging app “NGL: ask me anything” to individuals under 18. The settlement was reached following an investigation that determined that NG...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 对 NGL Labs 提起诉讼，指控其针对儿童的服务进行不公平营销以及有关人工智能内容审核计划的欺骗性声明", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 9 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 和洛杉矶地方检察官办公室与 NGL Labs 及其联合创始人就其匿名消息应用程序运营中涉嫌不公平和欺骗行为达成和解。被告被要求支付 500 万美元的和解金，并被禁止向 18 岁以下的个人提供他们的消息应用程序“NGL：问我任何事情”。该和解协议是在调查确定 NG 后达成的。" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "US Department of Justice investigation into covert Russian Government operated social media bot farm", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-leads-efforts-among-federal-international-and-private-sector-partners", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced the seizure of two domain names and the search of 968 social media accounts used by Russian actors to create an AI-enhanced social media bot farm that spread disinformation in the United States and abroad. The ruling targets cybersecurity and social media sectors, particularly those involved in domain name registration, email server provision, and social media platform X. The ruling imposes several obligations, including the seiz...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国司法部调查俄罗斯政府秘密运营的社交媒体机器人农场", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 27 日，美国司法部 (DOJ) 宣布查封两个域名，并搜索俄罗斯行为者使用的 968 个社交媒体帐户，以创建人工智能增强型社交媒体机器人农场，在美国和海外传播虚假信息。该裁决针对网络安全和社交媒体行业，特别是涉及域名注册、电子邮件服务器提供和社交媒体平台 X 的行业。该裁决规定了多项义务，包括扣押……" }, { "date": "7 December 2024", "title": "Consumer Health Information Privacy Protection Act of 2024 (CHIPPA)", "url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/attorney-general-schwalb-introduces-privacy-legislation", "description": "On 12 July 2024, the Consumer Health Information Privacy Protection Act of 2024 (CHIPPA) was introduced in the Council of the District of Columbia. The Act aims to safeguard consumers' health data by imposing enhanced privacy provisions on certain entities not covered by the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA). These include tech companies that develop fitness apps or patient support groups. Under the Act, regulated entities would be obligated to establ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024 年消费者健康信息隐私保护法 (CHIPPA)", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 12 日，哥伦比亚特区议会提出了《2024 年消费者健康信息隐私保护法案》(CHIPPA)。该法案旨在通过对 1996 年联邦健康保险流通和责任法案 (HIPPA) 未涵盖的某些实体实施增强的隐私条款来保护消费者的健康数据。其中包括开发健身应用程序或患者支持小组的科技公司。根据该法案，受监管实体有义务建立..." }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "Treasury and Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council guide on effective practices for secure cloud adoption", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2467", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the US Department of the Treasury and the Financial Services Sector Coordinating Council (FSSCC) issued new resources outlining effective practices for secure cloud adoption. These resources aim to guide financial institutions of all sizes in adopting secure cloud practices and operational strategies. They also aim to foster ongoing collaboration to address gaps identified in the Treasury's report on the Financial Services Sector's Adoption of Cloud Services. The resource go...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部和金融服务部门协调委员会关于安全云采用的有效实践指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 17 日，美国财政部和金融服务部门协调委员会 (FSSCC) 发布了新资源，概述了安全云采用的有效实践。这些资源旨在指导各种规模的金融机构采用安全的云实践和运营策略。他们还旨在促进持续合作，以解决财政部关于金融服务部门采用云服务的报告中发现的差距。 资源去..." }, { "date": "17 July 2024", "title": "Patent and Trademark Office's guidance on patent subject matter eligibility, including on artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/07/17/2024-15377/2024-guidance-update-on-patent-subject-matter-eligibility-including-on-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) adopted a guidance update on patent subject matter eligibility, specifically addressing innovations in artificial intelligence (AI) and other critical and emerging technologies. The updated guidance was issued as part of the implementation of Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The guidance is addressed to USPTO personnel and stakeholders and clarifies how ...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "专利商标局关于专利主题资格（包括人工智能）的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 17 日，美国专利商标局 (USPTO) 通过了关于专利主题资格的指导更新，特别针对人工智能 (AI) 和其他关键和新兴技术的创新。更新后的指南是作为执行关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用的第 14110 号行政命令的一部分而发布的。该指南面向美国专利商标局人员和利益相关者，并阐明如何......" }, { "date": "22 July 2024", "title": "FCC investigation into TracFone for allegedly failing to protect its customers data and its cybersecurity practices", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-404156A1.pdf", "description": "On 22 July 2024, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a USD 16 million settlement with TracFone Wireless following an investigation into the carrier's data protection and cybersecurity practices. The investigation was opened following three data breaches that occurred between January 2021 and January 2023, which exposed customers' proprietary information, including Customer Proprietary Network Information (CPNI) and Personally Identifiable Information (PII). In particular, the brea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 因涉嫌未能保护其客户数据及其网络安全实践而对 TracFone 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 22 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 在对 TracFone Wireless 的数据保护和网络安全实践进行调查后宣布与该运营商达成 1600 万美元的和解。此次调查是在 2021 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月期间发生三起数据泄露事件后展开的，这些数据泄露事件暴露了客户的专有信息，包括客户专有网络信息 (CPNI) 和个人身份信息 (PII)。特别是，断..." }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "FTC inquiry into surveillance pricing practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/07/ftc-issues-orders-eight-companies-seeking-information-surveillance-pricing", "description": "On 23 July 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) initiated an inquiry into the practices of eight companies involved in offering surveillance pricing products and services. The inquiry focuses on how these companies use consumer data, including location, demographics, credit history, and online behaviour, to tailor prices for individuals. The FTC's inquiry aims to assess the implications of these practices on privacy, competition, and consumer protection. The FTC requested information from...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对监管定价行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 23 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对八家参与提供监督定价产品和服务的公司的做法发起调查。调查的重点是这些公司如何使用消费者数据（包括位置、人口统计、信用记录和在线行为）来为个人定制价格。联邦贸易委员会的调查旨在评估这些做法对隐私、竞争和消费者保护的影响。联邦贸易委员会要求提供信息..." }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "CPSC investigation into Amazon for hazardous products sold online by third-party sellers", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Newsroom/News-Releases/2024/CPSC-Finds-Amazon-Responsible-Under-Federal-Safety-Law-for-Hazardous-Products-Sold-by-Third-Party-Sellers-on-Amazon-com", "description": "On 30 July 2024, The US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued a decision against Amazon concerning the sale of defective products listed on its website. In particular, the CSPS determined that Amazon was a considered a “distributor” of over 400,000 hazardous products listed on Amazon.com and sold by third-party sellers using the Fulfilled by Amazon program. Under the decision, Amazon is considered responsible for the sale of these products and has been ordered to remove the product...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国消费品安全委员会针对第三方卖家在线销售危险产品对亚马逊进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 30 日，美国消费品安全委员会 (CPSC) 就亚马逊销售其网站上列出的缺陷产品发布了一项针对亚马逊的决定。特别是，CSPS 确定亚马逊被视为 Amazon.com 上列出的超过 400,000 种危险产品的“分销商”，这些产品由第三方卖家使用亚马逊配送计划进行销售。根据该决定，亚马逊被认为对这些产品的销售负责，并已被勒令下架该产品......" }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "FCC transparency requirements for Artificial Intelligence generated content in political advertisements", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/08/05/2024-16977/disclosure-and-transparency-of-artificial-intelligence-generated-content-in-political-advertisements", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the Federal Communications Commission closes the public consultation on the proposed rule on disclosure and transparency of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated content in political advertisements. The rule would apply to entities involved in political advertising, including radio and television broadcast stations, cable operators, direct broadcast satellite and satellite digital audio radio service providers. The rule would require the disclosure of the use of AI-gener...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 对政治广告中人工智能生成内容的透明度要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 4 日，联邦通信委员会结束了关于人工智能 (AI) 生成的政治广告内容的披露和透明度的拟议规则的公众咨询。该规则将适用于参与政治广告的实体，包括广播电台和电视台、有线电视运营商、直播卫星和卫星数字音频广播服务提供商。该规则将要求披露人工智能生成器的使用情况......" }, { "date": "31 August 2024", "title": "California Provenance, Authenticity and Watermarking Standards Act (Bill No. AB 3211)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3211", "description": "On 31 August 2024, the California Provenance, Authenticity and Watermarking Standards Act was rejected by the State Assembly of California as it failed to pass before the conclusion of the 2023-2024 legislative session. The Act would have applied to providers of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated content and major online platforms. The Act mandated that generative AI providers embed provenance data to synthetic content. The Act also required large online platforms to label content with pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州来源、真实性和水印标准法案（法案编号 AB 3211）", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 31 日，《加州出处、真实性和水印标准法案》被加州议会否决，因为该法案未能在 2023-2024 年立法会议结束前获得通过。该法案将适用于人工智能（AI）生成内容和主要在线平台的提供商。该法案要求生成人工智能提供商将来源数据嵌入到合成内容中。该法案还要求大型在线平台对内容进行标记..." }, { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "NYAG Guide on Website Privacy Controls", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/resources/organizations/business-guidance/website-privacy-controls", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the Guide on Website Privacy Controls was adopted by the Attorney General of New York. The Guide aims to improve the accuracy and functionality of privacy disclosures and controls on websites, particularly targeting e-commerce and high-traffic sites. The Guide sets out how businesses can properly categorise and configure tags and cookies in consent-management tools, ensure privacy controls are not misleading and function as described, and implement thorough testing and regula...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NYAG 网站隐私控制指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 30 日，纽约总检察长通过了《网站隐私控制指南》。该指南旨在提高网站隐私披露和控制的准确性和功能，特别是针对电子商务和高流量网站。该指南阐述了企业如何在同意管理工具中正确分类和配置标签和 cookie，确保隐私控制不会误导并按描述发挥作用，并实施彻底的测试和监管..." }, { "date": "8 February 2024", "title": "Public lawsuit against TikTok and ByteDance for violating Children's Privacy Law (COPPA)", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-tiktok-and-parent-company-bytedance-widespread-violations-childrens", "description": "On 2 August 2024, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission jointly filed a lawsuit against TikTok and its parent company ByteDance for alleged violations of the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act and its implementing regulations (COPPA). In particular, TikTok is accused of knowingly allowing minors under 13 to create accounts without verifying their age or obtaining parental consent. Furthermore, the company is accused of failing to comply with COPPA’s requirement to n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 TikTok 和字节跳动违反儿童隐私法 (COPPA) 的公开诉讼", "description_zh": "2024年8月2日，美国司法部和联邦贸易委员会联合对TikTok及其母公司字节跳动提起诉讼，指控其违反《儿童在线隐私保护法》及其实施条例（COPPA）。特别是，TikTok 被指控故意允许 13 岁以下未成年人在未核实年龄或未获得父母同意的情况下创建帐户。此外，该公司被指控未能遵守 COPPA 的要求，..." }, { "date": "8 May 2024", "title": "NY Attorney General assessment of AI challenges and opportunities", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/symposium-report-next-decade-ai", "description": "On 5 August 2024, the Attorney General of New York issued the Report on the Next Decade of Artificial Intelligence (AI), focusing on fostering opportunities while regulating risks. The report covers the impact of AI on healthcare, information services, and administrative tasks, highlighting generative AI's potential to improve medical imaging, streamline administrative tasks, and aid in better access to information. The report also stressed the concerns raised about data privacy, misinformati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约总检察长对人工智能挑战和机遇的评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 5 日，纽约总检察长发布了《人工智能下一个十年报告》，重点关注培育机遇、监管风险。该报告涵盖了人工智能对医疗保健、信息服务和管理任务的影响，强调了生成式人工智能在改善医学成像、简化管理任务和帮助更好地获取信息方面的潜力。该报告还强调了人们对数据隐私、错误信息的担忧……" }, { "date": "8 May 2024", "title": "Secretaries of State assessment of X Corporation's Grok AI", "url": "https://www.sos.state.mn.us/media/6077/080524-secretaries-letter-to-x.pdf", "description": "On 5 August 2024, the Secretary of State of Minnesota issued an order endorsed by the Secretaries of the States of Pennsylvania, Michigan, Washington and New Mexico requiring X Corp. to update Grok AI with accurate election Information. The order highlights that X Corp. is responsible for ensuring that users have access to accurate guidance about their constitutional right to vote and requires X Corp. to implement immediate changes to its Artificial Intelligence search assistant, Grok, to ens...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国务卿对 X Corporation 的 Grok AI 的评估", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 5 日，明尼苏达州国务卿发布了一项经宾夕法尼亚州、密歇根州、华盛顿州和新墨西哥州州务卿认可的命令，要求 X Corp. 向 Grok AI 更新准确的选举信息。该命令强调，X Corp. 有责任确保用户能够获得有关其宪法投票权的准确指导，并要求 X Corp. 立即对其人工智能搜索助手 Grok 进行更改，以确保用户的投票权。" }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "Digital Integrity in Democracy Act (SB 4977)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4977/", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Digital Integrity in Democracy Bill (SB 4977) was introduced in the Senate of the United States. The Bill seeks to amend Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 and applies to social media platforms with over 25 million unique monthly users in the United States. The Bill removes the immunity under Section 230 provided to social media platforms from liability for content created by third-party users if they knowingly or intentionally host false election administrati...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "民主数字完整性法案 (SB 4977)", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 1 日，《民主数字完整性法案》(SB 4977) 在美国参议院提出。该法案旨在修订 1934 年《通信法》第 230 条，适用于美国每月拥有超过 2500 万独立用户的社交媒体平台。该法案取消了第 230 条赋予社交媒体平台的豁免权，如果第三方用户故意或故意发布虚假选举管理信息，则该平台无需对第三方用户创建的内容承担责任。" }, { "date": "29 September 2024", "title": "Department of Commerce order prohibiting Kaspersky Lab from directly or indirectly providing anti-virus software and cybersecurity products or services in US or to US persons", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/06/24/2024-13532/final-determination-case-no-icts-2021-002-kaspersky-lab-inc#page-52437", "description": "On 29 September 2024, the obligation for businesses to remove Kaspersky products from their systems and replace them and for Kaspersky Lab to stop providing services enters into force. The Department of Commerce's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) issued a Final Determination banning Kaspersky Lab, the US subsidiary of the Russia-based cybersecurity company, from providing its products and services in the United States or to US persons. BIS also added AO Kaspersky Lab, OOO Kaspersky Group...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "商务部命令禁止卡巴斯基实验室直接或间接在美国或向美国人提供防病毒软件和网络安全产品或服务", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 29 日，企业有义务从其系统中删除并更换卡巴斯基产品，卡巴斯基实验室有义务停止提供服务。美国商务部工业与安全局 (BIS) 发布最终决定，禁止俄罗斯网络安全公司的美国子公司卡巴斯基实验室在美国或向美国人提供其产品和服务。 BIS 还添加了 AO 卡巴斯基实验室、OOO 卡巴斯基集团……" }, { "date": "13 August 2024", "title": "New York Attorney General investigation into biotech company's data protection practices", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-secures-45-million-biotech-company-failing-protect-new", "description": "On 13 August 2024, the New York Attorney General announced it had reached a settlement with Enzo Biochem, a lab testing company, for failing to adopt proper data security practices to safeguard the personal information of approximately 2.4 million patients. In particular, Enzo has agreed to pay a USD 4.5 million penalty and to adopt measures to strengthen its cybersecurity practices, including maintaining a comprehensive information security program, implementing policies and procedures that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约总检察长对生物技术公司的数据保护做法进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 13 日，纽约总检察长宣布与实验室检测公司 Enzo Biochem 达成和解，原因是其未能采取适当的数据安全措施来保护约 240 万患者的个人信息。特别是，Enzo 同意支付 450 万美元的罚款，并采取措施加强其网络安全实践，包括维持全面的信息安全计划、实施政策和程序……" }, { "date": "15 August 2024", "title": "San Francisco City Attorney lawsuit against providers of platforms enabling creation and distribution of nonconsensual AI-generated pornography (People of the State of California v. Sol Ecom, Inc., et al.)", "url": "https://www.sfcityattorney.org/2024/08/15/city-attorney-sues-most-visited-websites-that-create-nonconsensual-deepfake-pornography/", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the San Francisco City Attorney filed a lawsuit against the owners of 16 major websites accused of enabling the creation and distribution of nonconsensual AI-generated pornographic images. The lawsuit aims to address the exploitation of women and girls through the use of advanced generative AI technologies. The City Attorney alleges that these websites, which have collectively amassed over 200 million visits in the first half of 2024, have violated state and federal laws ag...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "旧金山市检察官对平台提供商提起诉讼，这些平台允许创建和分发未经同意的人工智能生成的色情内容（People of the State of the State of California v. Sol Ecom, Inc., et al.）", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 15 日，旧金山市检察官对 16 个主要网站的所有者提起诉讼，指控其允许创建和传播未经同意的人工智能生成的色情图像。该诉讼旨在通过使用先进的生成人工智能技术来解决对妇女和女孩的剥削问题。市检察官声称，这些网站在 2024 年上半年的访问量总计超过 2 亿次，违反了州和联邦法律..." }, { "date": "15 August 2024", "title": "New Hampshire Data Privacy Unit", "url": "https://www.doj.nh.gov/news-and-media/attorney-general-formella-announces-creation-new-data-privacy-unit", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the Attorney General announced the establishment of a new Data Privacy Unit within the Consumer Protection and Antitrust Bureau of the New Hampshire Attorney General's Office. The Unit is tasked with enforcing the New Hampshire Data Privacy Act (RSA 507-H), aiming to enhance accountability, transparency, and consumer choice in the handling and monetisation of personal data by companies. The Unit will develop guidelines to inform consumers and businesses about their rights a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新罕布什尔州数据隐私部门", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 15 日，总检察长宣布在新罕布什尔州总检察长办公室消费者保护和反垄断局内设立一个新的数据隐私部门。该部门的任务是执行新罕布什尔州数据隐私法案 (RSA 507-H)，旨在增强公司在个人数据处理和货币化方面的责任感、透明度和消费者选择。该部门将制定指导方针，让消费者和企业了解他们的权利……" }, { "date": "16 September 2024", "title": "NIST 5G Cybersecurity and Privacy Capabilities Guidance", "url": "https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/news-insights/open-public-comment-nccoe-applying-5g-cybersecurity-and-privacy-capabilities", "description": "On 16 September 2024, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closed its consultation on the “Applying 5G Cybersecurity and Privacy Capabilities” white paper series. The guidance is addressed to commercial mobile network operators, potential private 5G network operators, and organisations using and managing 5G-enabled technology. The guidance aims to leverage the 5G standardised security features to provide enhanced cybersecurity capabilities built into the network equipm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 5G 网络安全和隐私功能指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 16 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了“应用 5G 网络安全和隐私功能”白皮书系列的咨询。该指南面向商业移动网络运营商、潜在的私有 5G 网络运营商以及使用和管理 5G 技术的组织。该指南旨在利用5G标准化安全功能，为网络设备内置增强的网络安全功能。" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Department of Justice and eight Attorneys General investigation into RealPage for allegedly entering into algorithmic pricing scheme to manipulate rent prices", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/158-1.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2025, nine state attorneys general of the United States, including North Carolina, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Minnesota, Oregon, and Tennessee, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, reached a USD 7 million consent judgment against Greystar Management Services. The settlement covers Greystar’s rental property management operations across the settling states and applies to its use of revenue management tools for pricing nearly 950’000 rental units nationwide a...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "司法部和八位总检察长对 RealPage 进行调查，涉嫌参与算法定价计划来操纵租金价格", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 18 日，美国北卡罗来纳州、加利福尼亚州、科罗拉多州、康涅狄格州、伊利诺伊州、明尼苏达州、俄勒冈州、田纳西州以及马萨诸塞州等九个州总检察长对 Greystar Management Services 达成了 700 万美元的同意判决。该和解协议涵盖 Greystar 在和解州的租赁物业管理业务，并适用于其使用收入管理工具为全国近 95 万个租赁单位定价的情况。" }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "Civil lawsuit against Google over collecting personal information (Patrick Calhoun et al. v Google LLC, Case No. 22-16993)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2024/08/20/22-16993.pdf", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued its ruling in the case of Patrick Calhoun et al. v. Google LLC, reversing a lower court's decision to grant summary judgment in favour of Google in a class action lawsuit. The plaintiffs, who are Google Chrome users, alleged that Google unlawfully collected their personal data even though they had not synced their browsers with their Google accounts. In particular, they believed, based on Google’s Chrome Privac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Google 收集个人信息的民事诉讼（Patrick Calhoun 等人诉 Google LLC，案号 22-16993）", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 20 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院就帕特里克·卡尔霍恩等人一案作出裁决。诉 Google LLC，推翻了下级法院在集体诉讼中作出有利于 Google 的简易判决的决定。原告是 Google Chrome 用户，声称谷歌非法收集了他们的个人数据，尽管他们没有将浏览器与谷歌帐户同步。特别是，他们相信，基于谷歌的 Chrome Prvac..." }, { "date": "27 August 2024", "title": "Lawsuit on Applicability of Section 230 Immunity to Targeted Recommendations (Tawainna Anderson v TikTok)", "url": "https://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/223061p.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2024, the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit issued a ruling in the case of Tawainna Anderson v TikTok (No. 22-3061), which concerns the applicability of the Section 230 immunity to TikTok. The original case arose in the context of a minor's accidental death after being recommended third-party videos on the so-called \"Blackout Challenge\" on her TikTok \"For You Page\". The District Court dismissed the original case on the grounds that the Section 230 immunity applied to TikT...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于第 230 条豁免对针对性建议的适用性的诉讼（Tawaina Anderson 诉 TikTok）", "description_zh": "2024 年 8 月 27 日，美国第三巡回上诉法院就 Tawaina Anderson 诉 TikTok 案（第 22-3061 号）作出裁决，涉及 230 条豁免权对 TikTok 的适用性。最初的案件是在一名未成年人在其 TikTok“为你页面”上的所谓“停电挑战”上推荐第三方视频后意外死亡的背景下发生的。地方法院驳回原案，理由是第 230 条豁免权适用于 TikT..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Use of Likeness: Digital Replica Bill (AB 1836)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Use of Likeness: Digital Replica Bill (AB 1836) was implemented. The Bill defines a “digital replica” as a computer-generated, highly realistic electronic representation that is readily identifiable as the voice or visual likeness of an individual that is embodied in a sound recording, image, audiovisual work, or transmission in which the actual individual either did not actually perform or appear, or the actual individual did perform or appear, but the fundamental char...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "相似性的使用：数字复制品法案 (AB 1836)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，实施《肖像的使用：数字复制品法案》(AB 1836)。该法案将“数字复制品”定义为计算机生成的、高度逼真的电子表现形式，易于识别为录音、图像、视听作品或传输中所体现的个人的声音或视觉肖像，其中实际的个人没有实际表演或出现，或者实际的个人确实表演或出现，但基本特征..." }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "CPPA Enforcement Advisory on Dark Patterns", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20240904.html", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) issued an Enforcement Advisory on Dark Patterns. The CPPA states in the advisory that “dark pattern” means a user interface designed or manipulated with the substantial effect of subverting or impairing user autonomy, decision making, or choice. In particular, the advisory aims to highlight the importance for businesses of reviewing user interfaces to ensure they offer symmetrical choices and use clear, easy-to-understand la...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CPPA 关于深色图案的执法建议", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 4 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 发布了关于深色图案的执法建议。 CPPA 在建议中指出，“黑暗模式”是指设计或操纵的用户界面，其设计或操纵会对颠覆或损害用户自主权、决策或选择产生重大影响。特别是，该建议旨在强调企业审查用户界面的重要性，以确保它们提供对称的选择并使用清晰、易于理解的语言..." }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "New Mexico Attorney General investigation into Snapchat's alleged failure to protect children from online sexual exploitation (New Mexico v Snapchat)", "url": "https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/attorney-general-raul-torrez-files-lawsuit-against-snap-inc-to-protect-children-from-sextortion-sexual-exploitation-and-other-harms/", "description": "On 5 September 2024, the Attorney General of New Mexico filed a lawsuit against Snap aiming to protect children from sextortion, sexual exploitation, and other online harms. In particular, the Attorney General states that Snapchat’s harmful design features enable online sexual exploitation, with its features, algorithms, and policies failing to protect its minors. In addition, Snapchat is accused of misleading the public about the platform’s safety, leading minors to believe that they are pro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新墨西哥州总检察长对 Snapchat 涉嫌未能保护儿童免受网上性剥削的调查（新墨西哥州诉 Snapchat）", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 5 日，新墨西哥州总检察长对 Snap 提起诉讼，旨在保护儿童免受性勒索、性剥削和其他网络伤害。总检察长特别指出，Snapchat 的有害设计功能助长了在线性剥削，其功能、算法和政策未能保护未成年人。此外，Snapchat 还被指控在该平台的安全性方面误导公众，导致未成年人相信他们是亲..." }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "Guide on Protecting New Yorkers from AI-Generated Election Misinformation", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/publications/protecting-new-york-voters-ai-generated-election-misinformation", "description": "On 5 September 2024, the Office of the New York State Attorney General adopted a Guide on protecting New Yorkers from AI-generated election misinformation. The Guide focuses on the development and misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to create and spread false information that could influence voter behaviour. The Guide explains how AI can be used to create content which can be misused with the aim of influencing elections. It further provides advice on spotting deepfakes, inter...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护纽约人免受人工智能生成的选举错误信息影响的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 5 日，纽约州总检察长办公室通过了一项保护纽约人免受人工智能生成的选举错误信息影响的指南。该指南重点关注人工智能 (AI) 技术的开发和滥用，以创建和传播可能影响选民行为的虚假信息。该指南解释了如何使用人工智能来创建可能被滥用以影响选举的内容。它还提供了有关发现深度赝品、中间件的建议。" }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning constitutionality and legal validity of California Assembly Bill No. 587 (X Corp v. Bonta)", "url": "https://www.uschamber.com/cases/free-speech/x-corp-v-bonta", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the district court's denial of X Corp.'s motion for a preliminary injunction against California Assembly Bill 587, finding that the law's \"Content Category Report\" provisions likely violate the First Amendment. The court determined that these provisions compel non-commercial speech by requiring social media companies to disclose how they define and moderate certain content categories like hate speech and misinformation, which wa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加州议会第 587 号法案的合宪性和法律效力的诉讼（X Corp 诉 Bonta）", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 4 日，第九巡回上诉法院推翻了地区法院驳回 X Corp. 针对加州议会第 587 号法案提出初步禁令动议的决定，认为该法律的“内容类别报告”条款可能违反第一修正案。法院裁定，这些规定通过要求社交媒体公司披露他们如何定义和调节某些内容类别（例如仇恨言论和错误信息）来强制非商业言论，这..." }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "Reporting Requirements for Frontier AI Developers and Compute Providers", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/commerce-proposes-reporting-requirements-frontier-ai-developers-and-compute-providers", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the Department of Commerce issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking regarding a new mandatory reporting requirement for frontier AI developers and cloud providers. In particular, the proposed rule requires developers of AI models and computing clusters to provide detailed reporting to the federal government on developmental activities, cybersecurity measures, and outcomes from red-teaming efforts. The rule aims to safeguard natio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "前沿人工智能开发人员和计算提供商的报告要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 9 日，美国商务部工业与安全局 (BIS) 发布了关于针对前沿人工智能开发商和云提供商的新强制报告要求的拟议规则制定通知。特别是，拟议的规则要求人工智能模型和计算集群的开发人员向联邦政府提供有关开发活动、网络安全措施和红队工作结果的详细报告。该规定旨在维护国家..." }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "Attorneys General Letter on Requiring a Warning Label on Social Media Platforms", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-assemblymember-bauer-kahan-introduce-legislation-require", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the California Attorney General Rob Bonta, together with Attorneys General from 42 states, urged the US Congress to mandate warnings on social media platforms. The letter highlights the link between social media use and mental health issues among youth, such as depression and anxiety. In particular, they stressed that algorithm-driven platforms exacerbate these problems. Furthermore, the letter underscores ongoing state actions, including lawsuits against Meta and TikTok,...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长关于要求在社交媒体平台上贴上警告标签的信函", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 9 日，加州总检察长罗布·邦塔 (Rob Bonta) 与 42 个州的总检察长一起敦促美国国会强制要求在社交媒体平台上发出警告。这封信强调了社交媒体的使用与青少年心理健康问题（例如抑郁和焦虑）之间的联系。他们特别强调，算法驱动的平台加剧了这些问题。此外，这封信强调了国家正在采取的行动，包括针对 Meta 和 TikTok 的诉讼……" }, { "date": "9 November 2024", "title": "Attorney General Letter on Urging Social Media and AI Executives to Address Election Misinformation", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-urges-top-social-media-and-ai-executives-address-election", "description": "On 11 September 2024, the California Attorney General Rob Bonta sent a letter to executives of major social media and AI companies, including Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, Reddit, TikTok, X Corp., and YouTube, urging them to address the spread of election misinformation on their platforms, in particular through content created by generative AI. In particular, the letter emphasises that California laws prohibit voter intimidation, deception, and dissuasion, which apply to both social medi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长关于敦促社交媒体和人工智能高管解决选举错误信息的信函", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 11 日，加州总检察长 Rob Bonta 致信主要社交媒体和人工智能公司的高管，包括 Alphabet、Meta、微软、OpenAI、Reddit、TikTok、X Corp. 和 YouTube，敦促他们解决平台上选举错误信息的传播问题，特别是通过生成式人工智能创建的内容传播选举错误信息。这封信特别强调，加州法律禁止恐吓、欺骗和劝阻选民，这适用于社交媒体……" }, { "date": "11 July 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Attorney General Amendments to Colorado Privacy Act Rules", "url": "https://coag.gov/colorado-privacy-act-rulemaking/", "description": "On 7 November 2024, the Colorado Attorney General closes a consultation on the draft Amendments to the Colorado Privacy Act (CPA) Rules. Under the CPA, the Attorney General can promulgate rules governing privacy, including general rules for the purpose of carrying out the CPA. The Attorney General Amendments include special protection for minors, requiring parental consent for processing data of children under 13. Further, the amended Rules mandate explicit consent for processing data of mino...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州隐私法规则总检察长修正案中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 7 日，科罗拉多州总检察长结束了有关科罗拉多州隐私法 (CPA) 规则修正案草案的磋商。根据 CPA，总检察长可以颁布隐私规则，包括执行 CPA 的一般规则。总检察长修正案包括对未成年人的特殊保护，要求父母同意才能处理 13 岁以下儿童的数据。此外，修订后的规则要求明确同意处理未成年人的数据。" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Bill requiring electoral advertisements using AI-generated or substantially altered content to feature a disclosure that the material has been altered (AB 2355)", "url": "https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB2355/id/2925425", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Assembly Bill requiring electoral advertisements using AI-generated or substantially altered content to feature a disclosure that the material has been altered (AB 2355) was implemented. The Bill mandates that political ads containing AI-generated or substantially altered content include a clear disclosure indicating the use of AI. The Bill also sets out sanctions and enforcement by the Fair Political Practices Commission, and provides a definition for artificial intell...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案要求选举广告使用人工智能生成或经过大幅修改的内容来披露材料已被修改 (AB 2355)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，议会法案要求使用人工智能生成或经过重大修改的内容的选举广告必须披露材料已被修改 (AB 2355)。该法案要求包含人工智能生成或实质性改变内容的政治广告必须明确披露表明人工智能的使用。该法案还规定了公平政治实践委员会的制裁和执行，并提供了人工智能的定义……" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "Bill amending Section 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure and adding Section 20012 to the Elections Code regarding deceptive media in advertisements (AB 2839)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839", "description": "On 17 September 2024, the Assembly Bill amending Section 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure and adding Section 20012 to the Elections Code regarding deceptive media in advertisements (AB 2839) was implemented as an urgency measure on the same day of its signing by the Governor of California. The Bill focuses on preventing the distribution of deceptive media, particularly deepfakes, in political advertisements within California elections. Specifically, the Bill prohibits knowingly and malicious...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《民事诉讼法》第 35 条的法案，并在《选举法》中添加有关广告中欺骗性媒体的第 20012 条法案 (AB 2839)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 17 日，修订《民事诉讼法》第 35 条并在《选举法》中添加有关广告中欺骗性媒体的第 20012 条的议会法案 (AB 2839) 作为一项紧急措施在加利福尼亚州州长签署的同一天实施。该法案的重点是防止在加州选举期间的政治广告中传播欺骗性媒体，尤其是深度造假媒体。具体来说，该法案禁止故意和恶意......" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (AB 2655)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024 (AB 2655) is implemented. The Bill imposes obligations on large online platforms, defined as platforms with over 1 million California users, regarding certain deceptive content. For periods beginning 120 days before an election, platforms must, within 72 hours of reporting, take down materially deceptive content, including manipulated audio or visual media intended to create false impressions of a political candida...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《捍卫民主免受 Deepfake 欺骗法案》(AB 2655)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，《2024 年捍卫民主免受 Deepfake 欺骗法案》(AB 2655) 实施。该法案对大型在线平台（定义为拥有超过 100 万加州用户的平台）规定了有关某些欺骗性内容的义务。对于从选举前 120 天开始的时期，平台必须在报告后 72 小时内删除实质性欺骗性内容，包括旨在制造政治候选人错误印象的操纵音频或视频媒体……" }, { "date": "16 September 2024", "title": "FCC investigation into AT&T for alleged vendor cloud breach affecting its customers' location information", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-24-892A1.pdf", "description": "On 16 September 2024, the Federal Communications Commission adopted a Consent Decree with AT&T Services Inc. to resolve an investigation into the company’s data protection and privacy practices, triggered by a significant data breach in January 2023 involving the exposure of customer information stored in a vendor's cloud environment, which AT&T had not ensured was properly managed or deleted as required. The Consent Decree imposes several obligations on AT&T, including enhancing protections ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 调查 AT&T 涉嫌供应商云违规影响其客户位置信息", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 16 日，联邦通信委员会与 AT&T Services Inc. 通过了一项同意令，以解决对该公司数据保护和隐私实践的调查，该调查是由 2023 年 1 月发生的重大数据泄露事件引发的，该事件涉及存储在供应商云环境中的客户信息的暴露，而 AT&T 未确保按照要求妥善管理或删除这些信息。该同意令对 AT&T 施加了多项义务，包括加强保护……" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "FTC Inquiry on Data Protection of Social Media and Video Streaming Services", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/09/ftc-staff-report-finds-large-social-media-video-streaming-companies-have-engaged-vast-surveillance", "description": "On 19 September 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) closed its inquiry into the data protection practices of major social media and video streaming services with the publication of a Staff Report outlining large social media and streaming service practices and issuing recommendations. The Report of the inquiry reveals extensive surveillance and monetisation of personal information without adequate user protections, particularly for children and young adults. The inquiry, initiated on 14 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 关于社交媒体和视频流服务数据保护的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 19 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 结束了对主要社交媒体和视频流服务数据保护实践的调查，发布了一份工作人员报告，概述了大型社交媒体和流媒体服务实践并提出了建议。调查报告揭示了对个人信息的广泛监视和货币化，而没有充分的用户保护，特别是对于儿童和年轻人。该调查于14日启动..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Crimes regarding the distribution of intimate images Act (SB 926)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB926", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the crimes regarding the distribution of intimate images Act (SB 926) becomes effective. The Bill focuses on expanding the legal framework around crimes related to the distribution of intimate images and disorderly conduct. In particular, the Bill makes it illegal not only to distribute real intimate images but also to create and distribute digitally altered or photo-realistic images that depict intimate body parts or sexual acts of an identifiable person where the represen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "传播亲密图像犯罪法 (SB 926)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，《传播亲密图像犯罪法》(SB 926) 生效。该法案的重点是扩大与传播亲密图像和扰乱秩序相关的犯罪的法律框架。特别是，该法案规定，不仅传播真实的亲密图像，而且创建和传播描绘可识别个人的私密身体部位或性行为的数字修改或逼真图像，其中代表......" }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "Global AI Research Agenda", "url": "https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Global_AI_Research_Agenda.pdf", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the Department of State of the United States of America adopted the Global AI Research Agenda (GAIRA). The Agenda aims at advancing the implementation of AI-related research beyond the United States borders, and recommends principles, priorities, and practices aimed at enabling safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence across various sectors. The Agenda names inclusion and equity, responsible research, and partnership and collaboration ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球人工智能研究议程", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 20 日，美利坚合众国国务院通过了全球人工智能研究议程（GAIRA）。该议程旨在推动人工智能相关研究在美国境外的实施，并提出原则、优先事项和实践建议，旨在实现人工智能在各个领域的安全、可靠和值得信赖的开发和使用。该议程命名为包容性和公平性、负责任的研究、伙伴关系和协作……" }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "AI in Global Development Playbook", "url": "https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development/ai-global-development-playbook", "description": "On 20 September 2024, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) adopted the AI in Global Development Playbook. The Playbook outlines strategies for leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to support global sustainable development while mitigating associated risks. It emphasises that AI, when used responsibly, can drive progress in sectors like health, education, agriculture, and energy. Further, the Playbook presents a roadmap for responsible AI ecosystems, promoting AI-r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全球发展中的人工智能手册", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 20 日，美国国际开发署 (USAID) 通过了《人工智能全球发展手册》。该手册概述了利用人工智能 (AI) 支持全球可持续发展并同时降低相关风险的策略。它强调，如果负责任地使用人工智能，可以推动健康、教育、农业和能源等领域的进步。此外，该手册还提出了负责任的人工智能生态系统的路线图，促进人工智能..." }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into DoNotPay for alleged misrepresentation of AI legal services", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/30/2024-22400/donotpay-inc-analysis-of-proposed-consent-order-to-aid-public-comment#addresses", "description": "On 30 October 2024, the Federal Trade Commission closes the public consultation on the interim consent order with DoNotPay for alleged misrepresentation of AI legal services. The order prohibits DoNotPay from making misleading and unsubstantiated representations regarding the functionality and performance of its services, particularly claims that its product operates like a human lawyer or can analyse legal situations with expertise. Additionally, DoNotPay is required to pay USD 193'000 to th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 DoNotPay 涉嫌虚假陈述人工智能法律服务展开调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 30 日，联邦贸易委员会结束了与 DoNotPay 就人工智能法律服务涉嫌虚假陈述而发出的临时同意令的公众咨询。该命令禁止 DoNotPay 就其服务的功能和性能做出误导性和未经证实的陈述，特别是声称其产品像人类律师一样运作或可以利用专业知识分析法律情况。此外，DoNotPay 还需向该公司支付 193,000 美元..." }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "FCC Investigation into election interference generative AI robocalls", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-405811A1.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a ruling in its investigation an election interference scheme which sent illegal robocalls using deepfake technology. In its decision, the FCC fined political consultant Steve Kramer USD 6 million for the robocall campaign which used a deepfake of President Biden's voice prior to the New Hampshire primary election. The fine must be paid within 30 days.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCC 对选举干扰生成人工智能机器人电话的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 26 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 在调查一项利用深度造假技术发送非法机器人电话的选举干扰计划时发布了一项裁决。在其决定中，FCC 对政治顾问史蒂夫·克莱默 (Steve Kramer) 处以 600 万美元罚款，原因是他在新罕布什尔州初选前使用了拜登总统声音的深度伪造语音进行机器人通话活动。罚款必须在 30 天内支付。" }, { "date": "9 July 2024", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Ascend Ecom for alleged false claims on income from AI-powered tools", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2423023ascendecomcomplaint.pdf", "description": "On 7 September 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced a lawsuit against Ascend Ecom for alleged false claims on income from Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered tools. The FTC alleges that Ascend Ecom falsely claimed that its AI-powered tools could generate thousands of dollars in passive income for consumers through online storefronts. The defendant operated under various names since 2021 and reportedly defrauded consumers of at least USD 25 million by charging tens of thousands ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Ascend Ecom 提起诉讼，指控其对人工智能工具的收入进行虚假申报", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 7 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布对 Ascend Ecom 提起诉讼，指控其对人工智能 (AI) 驱动工具的收入进行虚假申报。 FTC 指控 Ascend Ecom 错误地声称其人工智能工具可以通过在线店面为消费者带来数千美元的被动收入。被告自 2021 年以来以各种名义运营，据报道通过收取数万美元的费用，诈骗了至少 2500 万美元的消费者……" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "Act amending the Labor Code on Personal or Professional Services that Involve the Use of Digital Replicas of Individuals (AB 2602)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2602", "description": "On 17 September 2024, an Act amending the Labor Code on Personal or Professional Services that Involve the Use of Digital Replicas of Individuals (AB 2602) was signed by the Governor of California. The Act protects individuals in personal or professional service agreements regarding the use of their digital replicas, regarding their voice or likeness. A digital replica is defined as a computer-generated, highly realistic electronic representation that is readily identifiable as the voice or v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订涉及使用个人数字副本的个人或专业服务劳动法的法案 (AB 2602)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 17 日，加利福尼亚州州长签署了一项法案，修订涉及使用个人数字副本的个人或专业服务劳动法 (AB 2602)。该法案保护个人或专业服务协议中的个人有关其数字复制品的使用、声音或肖像的权利。数字复制品被定义为计算机生成的、高度逼真的电子表示形式，易于识别为语音或视频..." }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Expansion of Validated End User Program to include data centers", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/commerce-updates-validated-end-user-veu-program-eligible-data-centers-bolster-us", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the United States of America's Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the Department of Commerce, adopted a new order expanding the Validated End User (VEU) program to encompass data centers. Under this program, U.S. exporters can now ship designated items to pre-approved entities under a general authorisation, streamlining the process and reducing the need for multiple individual export licenses. The program's vetting process ensures that only data centers committed t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "验证最终用户计划的扩展包括数据中心", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 30 日，美国商务部工业与安全局 (BIS) 通过了一项新命令，将经过验证的最终用户 (VEU) 计划扩大到涵盖数据中心。根据该计划，美国出口商现在可以在一般授权下向预先批准的实体运送指定物品，从而简化流程并减少对多个单独出口许可证的需求。该计划的审查流程确保只有数据中心致力于..." }, { "date": "28 September 2024", "title": "Cyberbullying Protection Act (SB 1504)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1504", "description": "On 28 September 2024, the Cyberbullying Protection Act (SB 1504) was signed by the Governor of California. The Act amends Sections 22589, 22589.1, 22589.2, and 22589.3 of the Business and Professions Code related to social media platforms. The Act enhances the mechanisms for reporting and addressing cyberbullying on social media platforms. Specifically, the Act expands the definition of cyberbullying to include severe or pervasive conduct targeting minors like content that encourages self-har...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络欺凌保护法 (SB 1504)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 28 日，加利福尼亚州州长签署了《网络欺凌保护法案》(SB 1504)。该法案修订了《商业和职业守则》中与社交媒体平台相关的第 22589、22589.1、22589.2 和 22589.3 条。该法案加强了报告和解决社交媒体平台上网络欺凌的机制。具体来说，该法案扩大了网络欺凌的定义，包括针对未成年人的严重或普遍行为，例如鼓励自残的内容……" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Student privacy: online personal information bill (AB 801)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB801", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Student privacy: online personal information bill enters into effect. The bill applies to operators of internet websites, online services, applications, or mobile applications that handle personal data of preschool, prekindergarten, or K–12 pupils in California. It introduces exceptions to data deletion requirements for national assessment providers holding only standardised test results and requires operators to delete a pupil’s data upon request from the guardian, edu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "学生隐私：在线个人信息法案 (AB 801)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，《学生隐私：在线个人信息法案》生效。该法案适用于处理加州学前班、学前班或 K-12 学生个人数据的互联网网站、在线服务、应用程序或移动应用程序的运营商。它为仅持有标准化测试结果的国家评估提供者引入了数据删除要求的例外情况，并要求运营商根据监护人、教育机构的要求删除学生的数据。" }, { "date": "10 March 2024", "title": "Justice Department Investigation into internet domains to combat russian spear-phishing", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-disrupts-russian-intelligence-spear-phishing-efforts", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the US Justice Department issued a warrant for the seizure of 41 internet domains as part of a coordinated investigation with Microsoft. These domains, utilised by Russian intelligence agents and their proxies, were involved in computer fraud and abuse within the United States. The seized domains were linked to the Callisto Group, an operational unit within the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB), engaged in an extensive spear-phishing campaign aimed at stealing sensitiv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部调查互联网域名以打击俄罗斯鱼叉式网络钓鱼", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 3 日，美国司法部发出逮捕令，扣押 41 个互联网域名，作为与 Microsoft 协调调查的一部分。这些域名被俄罗斯情报人员及其代理人利用，参与了美国境内的计算机欺诈和滥用行为。被查获的域名与俄罗斯联邦安全局 (FSB) 内的一个运营单位 Callisto 集团有关，该集团从事广泛的鱼叉式网络钓鱼活动，旨在窃取敏感信息。" }, { "date": "10 February 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning constitutionality of Bill amending Elections Code regarding deceptive media in advertisements (AB 2839/Kohls v Attorney General)", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/preliminary-injunction-AB2839.pdf", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the United States District Court, Eastern District of California, granted a preliminary injunction against California's AB 2839, a content moderation regulation aimed at restricting \"materially deceptive\" AI-generated content during election periods. The court determined that the law was not narrowly tailored to meet the state's compelling interest in preserving election integrity and that it failed to use the least restrictive means to achieve its goal. The court emphasise...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于修订《选举法》有关广告中欺骗性媒体的法案是否符合宪法的诉讼（AB 2839/Kohls v 总检察长）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 2 日，美国加利福尼亚州东区地方法院针对加利福尼亚州 AB 2839 颁布了一项初步禁令，这是一项内容审核法规，旨在限制选举期间人工智能生成的“实质欺骗性”内容。法院认定，该法律并非狭隘地旨在满足该州维护选举完整性的迫切利益，并且未能使用限制最少的手段来实现其目标。法院强调..." }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "SEC investigation into Rimar Capital Entities over allegations of defrauding investors by making false and misleading statements about the use of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-167", "description": "On 10 October 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that it reached a settlement agreement with Rimar USA and its executives over allegations of fraudulent claims about artificial intelligence (AI) use for automated trading. The SEC claims that Rimar Capital misled investors by falsely representing their AI capabilities, inflating their assets under management, and fabricating investment returns. As part of the settlement, the owner and CEO was ordered to ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会对 Rimar Capital Entities 进行调查，指控其通过就人工智能的使用做出虚假和误导性陈述来欺骗投资者", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 10 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布与 Rimar USA 及其高管就人工智能 (AI) 用于自动交易的欺诈指控达成和解协议。美国证券交易委员会声称 Rimar Capital 通过虚假陈述其人工智能能力、夸大其管理资产以及捏造投资回报来误导投资者。作为和解协议的一部分，所有者和首席执行官被命令......" }, { "date": "5 August 2024", "title": "California Attorney General's letter with coalition of 15 state attorneys general urging Congress to amend pre-emption clause of the American Privacy Rights Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-congressional-leaders-federal-data-privacy-law-should-set", "description": "On 8 May 2024, the California Attorney General Rob Bonta, alongside a coalition of 15 state attorneys general, adopted a letter urging Congress to amend the American Privacy Rights Act (APRA) to remove its pre-emption clause. Particularly, the letter states that the current draft of the APRA could replace California's privacy protections established by the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), with federal standards. Furthermore, the letter emphasised that any federal data privacy law shoul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州总检察长与 15 名州总检察长联盟联名致函，敦促国会修改《美国隐私权法案》的优先购买权条款", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 8 日，加州总检察长罗布·邦塔 (Rob Bonta) 与 15 名州总检察长组成的联盟通过了一封信，敦促国会修改《美国隐私权法案》(APRA)，删除其优先购买权条款。信中特别指出，当前的 APRA 草案可以用联邦标准取代《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 所规定的加州隐私保护。此外，信中还强调，任何联邦数据隐私法都应……" }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "FTC investigation into Marriott and its subsidiary Starwood over alleged multiple data breaches", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/10/ftc-takes-action-against-marriott-starwood-over-multiple-data-breaches", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced its action against Marriott International and its subsidiary, Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, for misleading consumers about their data security practices. The proposed settlement prohibits them from misrepresenting their data handling and requires data minimisation, a comprehensive security program with independent assessments, methods for reviewing unauthorised loyalty account activity, and links for customers to request d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国联邦贸易委员会对万豪及其子公司喜达屋涉嫌多次数据泄露展开调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 9 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布对万豪国际集团及其子公司喜达屋酒店及度假村国际集团采取行动，指控其在数据安全实践方面误导消费者。拟议的和解协议禁止他们歪曲其数据处理，并要求数据最小化、具有独立评估的全面安全计划、审查未经授权的忠诚账户活动的方法以及客户请求数据的链接。" }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "DFS guide on cybersecurity risks arising from artificial intelligence and strategies to combat related risks", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/industry-guidance/industry-letters/il20241016-cyber-risks-ai-and-strategies-combat-related-risks", "description": "On 16 October 2024, the New York State Department of Financial Services (DFS) published a guideline on the cybersecurity risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI). The guideline clarifies how existing frameworks under the Cybersecurity Regulation (23 NYCRR Part 500) should be applied to manage AI-related risks. It addresses the dual nature of AI in cybersecurity, highlighting both the threats and opportunities AI presents, from AI-enabled social engineering and enhanced cyberattacks ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DFS关于人工智能引起的网络安全风险的指南以及应对相关风险的策略", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，纽约州金融服务部 (DFS) 发布了有关人工智能 (AI) 相关网络安全风险的指南。该指南阐明了如何应用网络安全法规（23 NYCRR 第 500 部分）下的现有框架来管理人工智能相关风险。它解决了人工智能在网络安全中的双重性质，强调了人工智能带来的威胁和机遇，来自人工智能支持的社会工程和增强的网络攻击……" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "CISA security requirements for restricted transactions pursuant to Executive Order 14117", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/08/2024-31479/notice-of-availability-of-security-requirements-for-restricted-transactions-under-executive-order", "description": "On 8 January 2025, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency’s (CISA) security requirements under Executive Order 14117 enter into force. These requirements were designed to mitigate national security risks arising from restricted transactions involving sensitive US data and covered persons or countries of concern. The security requirements delineate the organisational and system-level requirements, as well as the data-level requirements, that US persons engaging in restricted tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据第 14117 号行政命令，CISA 对受限交易的安全要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 8 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 根据第 14117 号行政命令提出的安全要求生效。 这些要求旨在减轻因涉及美国敏感数据和受关注个人或国家的受限交易而产生的国家安全风险。安全要求描述了美国人从事受限交易的组织和系统级要求以及数据级要求。" }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "SEC investigation into technological companies over alleged misleading cybersecurity disclosures", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-174", "description": "On 22 October 2024, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged four companies, Unisys Corp., Avaya Holdings Corp., Check Point Software Technologies Ltd, and Mimecast Limited, with providing materially misleading information about cybersecurity risks and incidents. The investigation into the companies' disclosures following the compromise of SolarWinds’ Orion software and related cybersecurity breaches. Unisys, in addition to misleading disclosures, was charged with vi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会对科技公司涉嫌误导性网络安全披露进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 22 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 指控 Unisys Corp.、Avaya Holdings Corp.、Check Point Software Technologies Ltd 和 Mimecast Limited 这四家公司提供有关网络安全风险和事件的重大误导性信息。在 SolarWinds 的 Orion 软件遭到入侵和相关网络安全漏洞之后，对这些公司的披露情况进行了调查。 Unisys 除了误导性披露外，还被指控..." }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "Lawsuit challenging information obtained from browsing activities without user consent using analytics tools (Kathleen Vita v New England Baptist Hospital)", "url": "https://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/legaldocs/lbpgjobqqvq/10242024sjc_wiretap.pdf", "description": "On 24 October 2024, the Supreme Court of Massachusetts issued a ruling in the lawsuit challenging information obtained from browsing activities without user consent using analytics tools. The Court ruled that the state's wiretapping law does not apply to website operators using tracking tools such as Google analytics and Meta pixel to collect users' browsing data. The case was brought by a plaintiff who alleged that hospitals tracked her online interactions without consent and challenged whet...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诉讼质疑使用分析工具在未经用户同意的情况下从浏览活动中获取的信息（Kathleen Vita 诉新英格兰浸信会医院）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 24 日，马萨诸塞州最高法院在诉讼中做出裁决，质疑使用分析工具在未经用户同意的情况下通过浏览活动获取的信息。法院裁定，该州的窃听法不适用于使用谷歌分析和 Meta Pixel 等跟踪工具收集用户浏览数据的网站运营商。该案是由原告提起的，他声称医院未经同意就跟踪了她的在线互动，并质疑..." }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "Government Accountability Office inquiry into generative AI training, development, and deployment considerations", "url": "https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-25-107651", "description": "On 22 October 2024, the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) released a report to Congressional requesters focusing on generative artificial intelligence (AI) training, development, and deployment considerations. The report highlights the rapid advancement of commercial generative AI, which is capable of producing diverse content, including text, images, audio, and video, requiring substantial datasets for effective training. It notes that one developer has achieved over 200 million week...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府问责办公室对生成式人工智能培训、开发和部署注意事项进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 22 日，美国政府问责办公室 (GAO) 向国会请求者发布了一份报告，重点关注生成式人工智能 (AI) 的培训、开发和部署注意事项。该报告强调了商业生成人工智能的快速发展，它能够生成多种内容，包括文本、图像、音频和视频，需要大量数据集来进行有效训练。它指出，一名开发商每周的收入已超过 2 亿……" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "NIST-Internet of Things Advisory Board inquiry into barriers to the US receiving the benefits of IoT adoption", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/system/files/documents/2024/10/21/The%20IoT%20of%20Things%20Oct%202024%20508%20FINAL_1.pdf", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the Internet of Things (IoT) Advisory Board (IoTAB), a part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), adopted a report outlining recommendations for enabling increasing benefits from IoT adoption. Specifically, the report recommends mandating car dealers to display privacy disclosures on vehicles. The disclosures aim to enhance consumer protection by providing easy-to-understand privacy information directly on vehicles. The disclosures would inform cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST-物联网咨询委员会调查美国享受物联网采用带来的好处的障碍", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 23 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 旗下的物联网 (IoT) 咨询委员会 (IoTAB) 通过了一份报告，概述了如何通过采用物联网来增加收益的建议。具体来说，该报告建议强制汽车经销商在车辆上显示隐私信息。这些披露旨在通过直接在车辆上提供易于理解的隐私信息来加强消费者保护。这些披露将告知反对者..." }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau guidance on protecting workers from unchecked surveillance, digital tracking and opaque decision-making systems (Circular 2024-06)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/12/2025-08286/interpretive-rules-policy-statements-and-advisory-opinions-withdrawal", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) announced the withdrawal of Circular 2024-06, which provided guidance on protecting workers from intrusive digital tracking and opaque decision-making systems. The decision follows a directive from CFPB leadership and aligns with Executive Order 14219, which promotes deregulatory measures under the President’s “Department of Government Efficiency” initiative. The withdrawn circular had clarified that employers must comply with th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者金融保护局关于保护工人免受未经检查的监控、数字跟踪和不透明决策系统的指导（2024-06号通知）", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 宣布撤销 2024-06 号通知，该通知为保护工人免受侵入性数字跟踪和不透明决策系统的侵害提供了指导。该决定遵循 CFPB 领导层的指示，并符合第 14219 号行政命令，该命令根据总统的“政府效率部”倡议促进放松管制措施。撤回的通知明确了雇主必须遵守..." }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "OAG inquiry into Meta for alleged failure to combat misinformation online relating to Covid-19 vaccine", "url": "https://oag.dc.gov/sites/default/files/2024-10/Meta%20Vaccine%20Misinfo%20Report%20FINAL.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2024, the Office of the Attorney General of Columbia (OAG) announced the closure of the inquiry into Meta for alleged failure to combat misinformation online relating to the COVID-19 vaccine. The inquiry applied to Meta's practices concerning misinformation on its platforms, affecting the dissemination of vaccine-related content. The OAG determined that Meta failed to clarify its misinformation policies and did not adequately inform consumers about the prevalence of vaccine misi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OAG 因涉嫌未能打击与 Covid-19 疫苗相关的网上错误信息而对 Meta 进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 31 日，哥伦比亚总检察长办公室 (OAG) 宣布结束对 Meta 的调查，因为 Meta 涉嫌未能打击与 COVID-19 疫苗相关的网上错误信息。此次调查适用于 Meta 平台上有关错误信息的做法，影响了疫苗相关内容的传播。 OAG 认定 Meta 未能澄清其错误信息政策，也没有充分告知消费者疫苗误报的流行情况。" }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "CFPB inquiry into state-level consumer data privacy laws' applicability to financial institutions", "url": "https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_state-privacy-laws-report_2024-11.pdf", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) released a report on consumer data privacy laws recently enacted by 18 states. The report notes these laws were passed in response to limitations in the federal framework for consumer privacy, which could potentially lead to consumer data being collected and sold by financial institutions with limited control or awareness for consumers. The state-level laws introduce rights and protections for consumers, including the right ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CFPB 调查州级消费者数据隐私法对金融机构的适用性", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 12 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 发布了一份关于 18 个州最近颁布的消费者数据隐私法的报告。报告指出，这些法律的通过是为了应对联邦消费者隐私框架的限制，这可能会导致消费者数据被对消费者的控制或意识有限的金融机构收集和出售。州级法律规定了消费者的权利和保护，包括权利......" }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "FinCEN Alert on Deepfake Fraud Schemes", "url": "https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-issues-alert-fraud-schemes-involving-deepfake-media-targeting-financial", "description": "Official source record dated 13 November 2024 for United States of America concerning FinCEN Alert on Deepfake Fraud Schemes. See the linked fincen.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FinCEN 关于 Deepfake 欺诈计划的警报", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 13 日，美国财政部金融犯罪执法网络 (FinCEN) 发布警报，帮助金融机构检测和报告涉及使用生成人工智能 (GenAI) 创建的深度造假媒体的欺诈计划。该警报确定了此类欺诈的类型和危险信号指标，并概述了《银行保密法》(BSA) 下的报告要求。该警报强调了与 GenAI 相关的风险，例如与身份相关的欺诈计划和网络犯罪，这些风险影响反垄断..." }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "California Attorney General source on AI and robocall enforcement policy", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-supports-strengthening-robocall-regulations", "description": "Official source record dated 11 December 2024 for United States of America concerning 47 State Attorneys General letter supporting the FCC rules to protect consumers from illegal robocalls. See the linked oag.ca.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "47 个州总检察长致信支持 FCC 保护消费者免受非法机器人电话侵害的规则", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 12 日，美国 47 个州总检察长通过了针对联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 关于增强自动电话缓解数据库提案的评论信。这封信支持旨在加强语音服务提供商（尤其是处理跨境呼叫流量的语音服务提供商）问责制的拟议措施。它建议采取强制多因素身份验证、定期更新提供商详细信息以及对虚假申报进行处罚，以遏制抢劫……" }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "FBI and CISA Statement on Chinese Targeting of Commercial Telecommunications Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/joint-statement-fbi-and-cisa-peoples-republic-china-prc-targeting-commercial-telecommunications", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a joint statement regarding the People's Republic of China's (PRC) cyber espionage activities targeting the United States' commercial telecommunications infrastructure. The investigation has uncovered that PRC-affiliated actors have infiltrated multiple telecommunications companies, leading to the theft of customer call records, compromise of private communic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FBI 和 CISA 关于中国针对商业电信基础设施的声明", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 13 日，美国联邦调查局 (FBI) 和网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 就中华人民共和国 (PRC) 针对美国商业电信基础设施的网络间谍活动发表联合声明。调查发现，与中华人民共和国相关的行为者已渗透到多家电信公司，导致客户通话记录被盗、私人通信受到破坏......" }, { "date": "23 September 2024", "title": "Resolution urging generative AI companies to protect employee whistleblowers (Bill AR158 ACA 1R)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/AR158", "description": "On 23 September 2024, the Resolution urging generative AI companies to protect employee whistleblowers (Bill AR158 ACA 1R) was introduced in the New Jersey General Assembly. The Bill urges generative artificial intelligence (AI) companies to adopt voluntary commitments for whistleblower protections to address risks related to AI technologies. The Bill identifies concerns such as misinformation, discrimination, and system vulnerabilities, emphasising the need for safe reporting mechanisms with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "敦促生成式人工智能公司保护员工举报人的决议（Bill AR158 ACA 1R）", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 23 日，新泽西州大会提出了敦促生成式 AI 公司保护员工举报人的决议（法案 AR158 ACA 1R）。该法案敦促生成人工智能（AI）公司采取自愿承诺保护举报人，以应对与人工智能技术相关的风险。该法案指出了错误信息、歧视和系统漏洞等问题，强调需要安全报告机制……" }, { "date": "25 November 2024", "title": "New York Attorney General and New York State Department of Financial Services investigation into GEICO data breaches", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2024/attorney-general-james-and-dfs-superintendent-harris-secure-113-million-auto", "description": "On 25 November 2024, the New York Attorney General and Department of Financial Services reached a settlement agreement with GEICO, which includes USD 9.75 million in penalties for data breaches exposing the personal information of 116'000 New York residents, resulting from vulnerabilities in its quoting tools for consumers and agents. Hackers exploited this vulnerability to access driver license numbers. As a result of this investigation, GEICO is required to strengthen its cybersecurity prac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约总检察长和纽约州金融服务部对 GEICO 数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 25 日，纽约总检察长和金融服务部与 GEICO 达成和解协议，其中包括因 GEICO 为消费者和代理商提供的报价工具存在漏洞而导致 116,000 名纽约居民个人信息泄露的数据泄露行为，将被处以 975 万美元的罚款。黑客利用此漏洞获取驾驶执照号码。此次调查的结果是，GEICO 需要加强其网络安全实践……" }, { "date": "26 November 2024", "title": "FTC lawsuit against Evolve for alleged misrepresentation of its AI-Powered Security Screening Systems (Case No. l:24-cv-12940)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/11/ftc-takes-action-against-evolv-technologies-deceiving-users-about-its-ai-powered-security-screening", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a lawsuit (Case No. l:24-cv-12940) in the United States District Court, District of Massachusetts, against Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc. The lawsuit addresses allegations of deceptive marketing practices related to the company's security screening systems. The FTC's complaint claims that Evolv Technologies made misleading claims about the capabilities and performance of its products, specifically in the context of weapon detect...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 对 Evolve 提起诉讼，指控其人工智能安全检查系统失实陈述（案件编号：l:24-cv-12940）", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 26 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 在美国马萨诸塞州地方法院对 Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc. 提起诉讼（案件号：1:24-cv-12940）。该诉讼针对与该公司安全筛查系统相关的欺骗性营销行为指控。 FTC 的投诉称，Evolv Technologies 对其产品的功能和性能做出了误导性声明，特别是在武器检测方面……" }, { "date": "3 March 2025", "title": "CFPB rule on Protecting Americans from Harmful Data Broker Practices (Regulation V)", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/rules-policy/notice-opportunities-comment/open-notices/protecting-americans-from-harmful-data-broker-practices-regulation-v/", "description": "On 3 March 2025, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) closes its consultation on the proposed rule aimed at Protecting Americans from Harmful Data Broker Practices (Regulation V). The proposed rule would limit the sale of sensitive personal and financial information by categorising certain data brokers as consumer reporting agencies under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). The proposed rule would mandate these agencies to adhere to accuracy requirements, granting consumers acces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CFPB 关于保护美国人免受有害数据经纪人行为侵害的规定（第五条例）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 3 日，消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 结束了对旨在保护美国人免受有害数据经纪人行为侵害的拟议规则（第五条例）的咨询。拟议的规则将根据《公平信用报告法》（FCRA）将某些数据经纪人归类为消费者报告机构，从而限制敏感个人和财务信息的出售。拟议的规则将要求这些机构遵守准确性要求，允许消费者访问......" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "FTC investigation into IntelliVision regarding alleged bias in its AI facial recognition software", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2323023c4809intellivisionfinalorder.pdf", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a final order in relation to an investigation into IntelliVision Technologies Corporation for alleged misrepresentations around the accuracy and bias of its AI-powered facial recognition software. Under this order, IntelliVision is prohibited from misrepresenting the accuracy and efficacy of its facial recognition software, including its comparative performance in relation to different genders, ethnicities, and skin tones. The orde...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 就 IntelliVision 涉嫌人工智能面部识别软件存在偏见展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 13 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了一项最终命令，对 IntelliVision Technologies Corporation 进行调查，指控其人工智能面部识别软件的准确性和偏见存在虚假陈述。根据该命令，IntelliVision 不得歪曲其面部识别软件的准确性和功效，包括其与不同性别、种族和肤色的比较性能。该命令..." }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into Mobilewalla over alleged collection and sale of sensitive location data without verification of consumers' consent", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2023196mobilewallaorder.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a consent order against Mobilewalla, banning the sale or use of sensitive location data and restricting the collection of consumer data from online ad auctions to auction participation only. Mobilewalla must allow consumers to delete their data or withdraw consent, erase historical location data, establish a privacy program, and verify consumer consent for data collection. The FTC alleged that, from 2018 to 2020, Mobilewalla collec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对 Mobilewalla 涉嫌在未经消费者同意的情况下收集和出售敏感位置数据展开调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 3 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了针对 Mobilewalla 的同意令，禁止出售或使用敏感位置数据，并将在线广告拍卖中收集的消费者数据仅限于参与拍卖。 Mobilewalla 必须允许消费者删除其数据或撤回同意、删除历史位置数据、建立隐私计划并验证消费者对数据收集的同意。 FTC 声称，从 2018 年到 2020 年，Mobilewalla 收集..." }, { "date": "12 May 2024", "title": "CFTC advisory on AI use by registered entities and registrants", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9013-24", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued an advisory applicable to CFTC-registered entities and registrants, focusing on the governance of artificial intelligence (AI) by registered entities and registrants. Registered entities include Designated Contract Markets, Swap Execution Facilities, Swap Data Repositories, Derivatives Clearing Organisations, Futures Commission Merchants, Swap Dealers, Commodity Pool Operators, Commodity Trading Advisors, Introducing B...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CFTC 关于注册实体和注册人使用人工智能的咨询", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 5 日，商品期货交易委员会 (CFTC) 发布了适用于 CFTC 注册实体和注册人的咨询意见，重点关注注册实体和注册人对人工智能 (AI) 的治理。注册实体包括指定合约市场、掉期执行设施、掉期数据存储库、衍生品清算组织、期货经纪商、掉期交易商、商品池运营商、商品交易顾问、引入B..." }, { "date": "12 May 2024", "title": "Reproductive Health Data Privacy Act (SB 1082)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2024-SB-1082", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the Reproductive Health Data Privacy Act (SB 1082) was passed by the Michigan Senate and sent to the Michigan House of Representatives for further consideration. The Act prevents the collection or sale of reproductive health data without gaining consent from the data subject. It also stops entities from sharing this information with the government, unless required by law or on the request of the data subject. Furthermore, the Bill prevents the use of location data to gain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生殖健康数据隐私法 (SB 1082)", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 5 日，密歇根州参议院通过了《生殖健康数据隐私法案》(SB 1082)，并发送给密歇根州众议院进一步审议。该法案禁止在未经数据主体同意的情况下收集或出售生殖健康数据。它还阻止实体与政府共享此信息，除非法律要求或应数据主体的要求。此外，该法案还禁止使用位置数据来获取……" }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Department of Treasury investigation into cybersecurity company Sichuan over alleged failure to report compromise of firewall products and attempted ransomware attacks", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2742", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions on the cybersecurity company Sichuan Silence Information Technology (Sichuan Silence) and one of its employees, both based in the People’s Republic of China (China). The sanction concludes an investigation into their alleged roles in the breach of over 81’000 firewalls owned by businesses, 23'000 of which were based in the United States. The investigation found that the employee of Sichuan Silence exploited a vulnerability ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国财政部对网络安全公司四川公司进行调查，原因是该公司涉嫌未报告防火墙产品受损和勒索软件攻击企图", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 10 日，美国财政部对位于中华人民共和国的网络安全公司四川沉默信息技术有限公司（以下简称“四川沉默”）及其一名员工实施制裁。此次制裁结束了对他们涉嫌违反企业拥有的 81,000 多个防火墙的调查，其中 23,000 个防火墙位于美国。调查发现四川沉默员工利用了一个漏洞..." }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Attorneys General investigation into 4 telecom companies for allegedly transmitting illegal robocalls", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/hello-we%E2%80%99ve-been-trying-reach-you-attorney-general-bonta-continues-fight-against", "description": "On 10 December 2024, a bipartisan coalition of 51 Attorneys General issued warning letters to four telecoms companies: KWK Communications, Inbound Communications, AKA Management, and CallVox, for allegedly transmitting suspected illegal robocall traffic on their networks. These robocalls included impersonating government officials and scams related to auto warranties, tech support, utilities, the IRS, and the Social Security Administration. The letters instructed companies to cease the transm...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长对 4 家电信公司进行调查，涉嫌发送非法自动骚扰电话", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 10 日，由 51 名总检察长组成的两党联盟向四家电信公司发出警告信：KWK Communications、Inbound Communications、AKA Management 和 CallVox，因为它们涉嫌在其网络上传输可疑的非法自动呼叫流量。这些机器人电话包括冒充政府官员以及与汽车保修、技术支持、公用事业、国税局和社会保障管理局相关的诈骗。这些信件指示公司停止传输..." }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "NTIA ethical guidelines for research with pervasive data", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/11/2024-29064/ethical-guidelines-for-research-using-pervasive-data", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the Department of Commerce closed its public consultation on the creation of national ethical guidelines for the use of pervasive data in research. The consultation addresses the ethical considerations necessary for researchers working with pervasive data, defined as data about individuals collected through online services, including text, images, videos, biometric information, and behavioural data. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NTIA 普适数据研究道德准则", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 15 日，商务部国家电信和信息管理局 (NTIA) 结束了关于制定在研究中使用普遍数据的国家道德准则的公众咨询。此次咨询讨论了研究人员处理普遍数据所需的道德考虑因素，普遍数据被定义为通过在线服务收集的有关个人的数据，包括文本、图像、视频、生物识别信息和行为数据。特..." }, { "date": "12 November 2024", "title": "FTC and DOJ federal antitrust guidelines for collaboration among competitors", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/v250000collaborationguidelineswithdrawalstatement.pdf", "description": "On 11 December 2024, the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice announced the withdrawal of the Antitrust Guidelines for Collaborations Among Competitors. They stated that these guidelines, which were issued in April 2000, no longer provide reliable guidance about how regulatory agencies can assess the legality of collaborators between competitors. They noted that the guidelines relied in part on outdated and withdrawn policy statements, did not have sufficient basis in federa...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 和 DOJ 针对竞争对手之间合作的联邦反垄断指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 11 日，联邦贸易委员会和司法部宣布撤销《竞争对手合作反垄断指南》。他们表示，这些于 2000 年 4 月发布的指南不再为监管机构如何评估竞争对手之间合作者的合法性提供可靠的指导。他们指出，该指导方针部分依赖于过时和撤回的政策声明，在联邦没有足够的基础......" }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "CISA National Cyber Incident Response Plan", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/16/2024-29395/request-for-comment-on-the-national-cyber-incident-response-plan-update", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency closes its consultation on the draft National Cyber Incident Response Plan (NCIRP). The plan outlines a national strategic framework for coordinated responses to cyber incidents related to asset response, threat response, intelligence support, and affected entity response. It details coordination mechanisms, decision points, and priority activities across the cyber incident response lifecycles. It also provides guidelines for cro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CISA 国家网络事件响应计划", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 15 日，网络安全和基础设施局结束了对国家网络事件响应计划 (NCIRP) 草案的磋商。该计划概述了协调响应与资产响应、威胁响应、情报支持和受影响实体响应相关的网络事件的国家战略框架。它详细介绍了整个网络事件响应生命周期的协调机制、决策点和优先活动。它还提供了指导方针..." }, { "date": "30 January 2025", "title": "NIST guidelines on cybersecurity and privacy of genomic data", "url": "https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/projects/cybersecurity-and-privacy-genomic-data#project-promo", "description": "On 30 January 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) closes its consultation on guidelines addressing cybersecurity and privacy risks associated with processing genomic data. The first publication, Genomic Data Cybersecurity and Privacy Frameworks Community Profile (Genomic Data Profile) provides a risk-based approach to managing cybersecurity and privacy risks in processing genomic data. The second publication, Cy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 关于基因组数据网络安全和隐私的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 30 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 的国家网络安全卓越中心 (NCCoE) 结束了关于解决与处理基因组数据相关的网络安全和隐私风险的指南的咨询。第一份出版物《基因组数据网络安全和隐私框架社区概况》（基因组数据概况）提供了一种基于风险的方法来管理基因组数据处理过程中的网络安全和隐私风险。第二次出版，Cy..." }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged unauthorised surveillance on Whatsapp using Pegasus spyware by NSO Group (Whatsapp v. NSO Group Technologies Limited) (Case No. 19-cv-07123-PJH)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.350613/gov.uscourts.cand.350613.736.0.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Northern District Court of California issued ruling in the lawsuit brought by WhatsApp against NSO Group Technologies Limited concerning the use of illegal spyware to target WhatsApp users. The verdict followed a 20 December 2024 ruling by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, which granted summary judgment in favour of WhatsApp on claims under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 NSO Group 涉嫌使用 Pegasus 间谍软件对 Whatsapp 进行未经授权监视的诉讼（Whatsapp v. NSO Group Technologies Limited）（案件号：19-cv-07123-PJH）", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 6 日，加利福尼亚州北地方法院就 WhatsApp 对 NSO Group Technologies Limited 提起的诉讼作出裁决，该诉讼涉及使用非法间谍软件针对 WhatsApp 用户。该判决是在美国加利福尼亚州北区地方法院于 2024 年 12 月 20 日作出裁决之后作出的，该法院就《计算机欺诈和滥用法》、《加州综合计算机数据访问和欺诈法》提出的索赔作出了有利于 WhatsApp 的简易判决。" }, { "date": "31 December 2024", "title": "Class action lawsuit against Apple for Siri voice assistant privacy violations", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.345934/gov.uscourts.cand.345934.336.2.pdf", "description": "On 31 December 2024, Apple agreed to pay USD 95 million to plaintiffs to settle a class action lawsuit claiming that its Siri voice assistant violated user privacy. The claim alleged that Apple recorded private conversations after users inadvertently activated the voice assistant software and shared the data from these conversations with advertisers. In agreeing to settle, Apple denies wrongdoing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "苹果因 Siri 语音助手侵犯隐私而提起集体诉讼", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 31 日，苹果同意向原告支付 9500 万美元，以了结一项集体诉讼，该诉讼声称其 Siri 语音助手侵犯了用户隐私。指控称，苹果在用户无意中激活语音助手软件后记录了私人对话，并将这些对话的数据与广告商共享。苹果在同意和解后否认存在不当行为。" }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "Washington AG lawsuit against T-Mobile for alleged data breach (Case No. 25-2-00308-6 SEA)", "url": "https://agportal-s3bucket.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/uploadedfiles/Home/News/Press_Releases/FINAL%20T-Mobile_Complaint.pdf?VersionId=1S7AbxiAfKV_mlkDU8mkGpN8sEQQxsIU", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Washington State Attorney General (AG) filed a lawsuit against T-Mobile US under the Washington Consumer Protection Act. The lawsuit claims T-Mobile failed to secure sensitive personal information of over 2 million Washingtonians during a 2021 data breach that exposed data, including Social Security numbers, phone numbers, and addresses. It also highlighted that despite being aware of cybersecurity vulnerabilities, T-Mobile continued to misrepresent its efforts to prote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Washington AG 针对 T-Mobile 涉嫌数据泄露提起诉讼（案件编号：25-2-00308-6 SEA）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 6 日，华盛顿州总检察长 (AG) 根据《华盛顿消费者保护法》对 T-Mobile US 提起诉讼。该诉讼称，T-Mobile 在 2021 年的一次数据泄露事件中未能保护超过 200 万华盛顿人的敏感个人信息，该事件暴露了包括社会安全号码、电话号码和地址在内的数据。它还强调，尽管意识到网络安全漏洞，T-Mobile 仍继续歪曲其保护..." }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulations in FDA Guidance on Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Device Software Functions", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/artificial-intelligence-enabled-device-software-functions-lifecycle-management-and-marketing", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closes the public consultation on its draft Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff regarding the cybersecurity regulations for Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Device Software Functions. The draft guidance sets out a series of recommendations concerning the lifecycle management and marketing submissions for AI-enabled medical devices. The recommendations focus on transparency, risk assessment and cybersecurity. These include the management o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FDA 关于人工智能设备软件功能指南中的网络安全法规", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 7 日，美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 结束了其关于人工智能设备软件功能网络安全法规的行业和 FDA 工作人员指南草案的公众咨询。该指南草案提出了一系列有关人工智能医疗设备生命周期管理和营销提交的建议。这些建议侧重于透明度、风险评估和网络安全。其中包括管理..." }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Netchoice lawsuit challenging constitutionality of Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2025/09/09/25-146.pdf", "description": "On 9 September 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a ruling on California's Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act, upholding most provisions. The Act limits platforms from providing personalised algorithmic feeds to minors without parental consent, requires private-mode accounts by default for minors, and restricts the display of like counts or feedback metrics. The court invalidated the like-count restriction, finding it content-based and subje...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Netchoice 提起诉讼，质疑《保护我们的孩子免受社交媒体成瘾法》的合宪性", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 9 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院对加州《保护我们的孩子免受社交媒体成瘾法案》做出裁决，维持了大部分条款。该法案限制平台在未经父母同意的情况下向未成年人提供个性化算法源，默认要求未成年人使用私人模式帐户，并限制点赞数或反馈指标的显示。法院宣布点赞数限制无效，认为它是基于内容和主题的。" }, { "date": "3 February 2025", "title": "FCC order on improving effectiveness of robocall mitigation database (FCC-24-135)", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-adopts-stricter-robocall-mitigation-database-filing-requirements", "description": "On 2 March 2025, the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) order on improving the effectiveness of the robocall mitigation database (FCC-24-135) is implemented. The order includes filing requirements for the Robocall Mitigation Database to enhance compliance and awareness among voice service providers regarding their responsibilities to protect consumers. Providers must re-certify annually by 1 March and pay a USD 100 filing fee. These new rules mandate timely updates to company informati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 关于提高自动呼叫缓解数据库有效性的命令 (FCC-24-135)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 2 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 关于提高自动呼叫缓解数据库有效性的命令 (FCC-24-135) 开始实施。该命令包括对 Robocall 缓解数据库的备案要求，以提高语音服务提供商对其保护消费者责任的合规性和认识。提供商必须在每年 3 月 1 日之前重新认证并支付 100 美元的申请费。这些新规则要求及时更新公司信息..." }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Rule on Artificial Intelligence Diffusion Export including controls on sales of AI chips", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/press-release/department-commerce-rescinds-biden-era-artificial-intelligence-diffusion-rule-strengthens-chip-related", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Department of Commerce announced the rescission of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Diffusion Rule, originally issued on 15 January 2025, with compliance requirements scheduled for 15 May 2025. The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) initiated a Federal Register notice to formalise the rescission and outlined plans to introduce a replacement rule at a later date. The AI Diffusion Rule would have restricted chip exports to adversarial jurisdictions such as China, Russia, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能扩散出口规则，包括对人工智能芯片销售的控制", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，美国商务部宣布废除最初于 2025 年 1 月 15 日发布的《人工智能 (AI) 扩散规则》，并计划于 2025 年 5 月 15 日提出合规要求。工业与安全局 (BIS) 发出联邦公报通知，正式废除该规则，并概述了稍后引入替代规则的计划。人工智能扩散规则将限制芯片向中国、俄罗斯等敌对司法管辖区的出口……" }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Bill amending Maryland's Criminal law to address the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of child pornography (HB 5)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0005?ys=2025RS", "description": "On 8 January 2025, a Bill to amend Maryland's criminal law to address the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of child pornography was introduced to the Maryland House of Representatives (HB 5). The Bill expands the definition of \"computer-generated image\" to include those created using AI software, ensuring that such depictions are treated the same as traditional imagery under child pornography laws. It prohibits the possession, retention, or viewing of visual representations depi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订马里兰州刑法的法案，以解决使用人工智能制作儿童色情制品的问题 (HB 5)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 8 日，马里兰州众议院提交了一项修订马里兰州刑法的法案，以解决使用人工智能制作儿童色情制品的问题 (HB 5)。该法案扩大了“计算机生成图像”的定义，包括使用人工智能软件创建的图像，确保根据儿童色情法，此类描述与传统图像受到相同的对待。它禁止拥有、保留或查看..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending New York's General Obligations Law to establish contract requirements for creation and use of digital replicas (S 7676)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S7676/amendment/B#:~:text=2023%2DS7676B%20(ACTIVE)%20%2D%20Sponsor%20Memo&text=PROVISIONS%3A%20Section%201.-,Amends%20the%20general%20obligations", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill amending New York's General Obligations Law to establish contract requirements for the creation and use of digital replicas comes into effect. The Bill aims to protect performers’ digital voice and likeness by mandating informed consent and representation by legal counsel or labour organisations for performers in contracts involving digital replicas. Developed in response to concerns about AI technologies enabling unauthorised recreations of individuals, the Bill a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订纽约一般义务法的法案，规定创建和使用数字复制品的合同要求 (S 7676)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，修订纽约一般义务法的法案生效，该法案规定了数字复制品的创建和使用的合同要求。该法案旨在保护表演者的数字声音和肖像，要求法律顾问或劳工组织为涉及数字复制品的表演者提供知情同意和代表。该法案是为了回应人们对人工智能技术可能导致未经授权的个人娱乐的担忧而制定的，该法案..." }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "Education Industry Employee Privacy Bill (HB 124)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0124.html", "description": "On 7 January 2025, the Education Industry Employee Privacy Bill (HB 124) was introduced in the Utah State Legislature. The bill establishes privacy protections for administrative and instructional personnel in local education agencies (LEAs), prohibiting the sale or transfer of work-related contact information to third parties and preventing the mandatory use of required technology on personal devices if it allows access to personal data. LEAs must provide reasonable accommodations for such t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "教育行业员工隐私法案 (HB 124)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 7 日，犹他州立法机关提出了《教育行业员工隐私法案》(HB 124)。该法案为当地教育机构 (LEA) 的行政和教学人员建立了隐私保护，禁止向第三方出售或转让与工作相关的联系信息，并防止在允许访问个人数据的情况下在个人设备上强制使用所需的技术。 LEA 必须为此类学生提供合理的便利..." }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "Attorney General guidelines on New Jersey Law Against Discrimination applicability to artificial intelligence and automated decision-making tools", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/attorney-general-platkin-and-division-on-civil-rights-announce-new-guidance-on-algorithmic-discrimination-creation-of-civil-rights-innovation-lab/", "description": "On 9 January 2025, the New Jersey Attorney General and Division of Civil Rights (DCR) issued a guidance to clarify how the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (LAD) applies to the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision-making tools. This guidance emphasises that these technologies must be designed, evaluated, and tested to prevent discrimination, highlighting risks such as disparate treatment, disparate impact, and failure to provide reasonable accommodations. It include...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新泽西州反歧视法适用于人工智能和自动化决策工具的总检察长指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 9 日，新泽西州总检察长和民权司 (DCR) 发布了一份指南，阐明新泽西州反歧视法 (LAD) 如何适用于人工智能 (AI) 和自动化决策工具的使用。该指南强调，必须对这些技术进行设计、评估和测试，以防止歧视，并强调了不同待遇、不同影响和未能提供合理便利等风险。它包括..." }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Health and Human Services investigation into USR Holdings for alleged violation of HIPAA through deletion of electronic protected health information", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2025/01/08/hhs-office-civil-rights-settles-hipaa-security-rule-investigation-usr-holdings-llc-concerning-deletion-electronic-protected-health-information.html", "description": "The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights (OCR) announced a USD 337'750 settlement with USR Holdings, LLC for HIPAA violations after a breach allowed unauthorised parties to delete electronic protected health information (ePHI) affecting 2’903 individuals. The investigation determined deficiencies in risk analysis, system activity reviews, and ePHI backup procedures. As part of the settlement, USR agreed to a two-year compliance monitoring period and to impl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卫生与公众服务部对 USR Holdings 进行调查，指控其删除受保护的电子健康信息违反 HIPAA", "description_zh": "美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室 (OCR) 宣布与 USR Holdings, LLC 就 HIPAA 违规行为达成 337,750 美元的和解协议，此前该事件允许未经授权的各方删除影响 2,903 人的电子受保护健康信息 (ePHI)。调查确定了风险分析、系统活动审查和 ePHI 备份程序方面的缺陷。作为和解协议的一部分，USR 同意为期两年的合规监控期，并实施..." }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General lawsuit against Allstate over alleged unlawful collection, use, and sale of user data", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-sues-allstate-and-arity-unlawfully-collecting-using-and-selling-over-45", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Texas Attorney General filed a lawsuit against Allstate and its subsidiary, Arity (\"Allstate\") for the alleged unlawful collection, use, and sale of location data from its users' mobile phones. The suit alleges violations of the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA), the Data Broker Law, and the Texas Insurance Code. The suit claims that Allstate covertly collected location data from 45 million consumers nationwide, including Texans, through embedded software in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 Allstate 提起诉讼，指控其非法收集、使用和出售用户数据", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 13 日，德克萨斯州总检察长对 Allstate 及其子公司 Arity（“Allstate”）提起诉讼，指控其非法收集、使用和出售用户手机的位置数据。该诉讼指控违反了《德克萨斯州数据隐私和安全法》(TDPSA)、《数据经纪人法》和《德克萨斯州保险法》。该诉讼称，好事达通过嵌入式软件秘密收集了全国 4500 万消费者（包括德克萨斯人）的位置数据。" }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "New York Health Information Privacy Act (S 929)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S929", "description": "On 19 December 2025, the New York Health Information Privacy Act was vetoed by the Governor of New York. The Bill sought to establish regulations governing the collection, processing, and sharing of health-related data in New York. It defined regulated health information, mandated clear consent protocols for data use, and prohibited the sale of such information to third parties. The Bill outlined specific rights for individuals, including access to and deletion of their data, and required bus...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约健康信息隐私法 (S 929)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 19 日，《纽约健康信息隐私法案》被纽约州州长否决。该法案寻求制定法规来管理纽约健康相关数据的收集、处理和共享。它定义了受监管的健康信息，强制规定了明确的数据使用同意协议，并禁止向第三方出售此类信息。该法案概述了个人的具体权利，包括访问和删除其数据以及所需的总线......" }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "New York Electronic Health Products and Services Privacy Act (A 1415)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/A1415", "description": "On 9 January 2025, the Electronic Health Products and Services Privacy Act (A 1415) was introduced to the New York Assembly. The Bill establishes privacy protections for personal health information collected by electronic health products or services, requiring affirmative express consent for data processing, strict limitations on data collection, and robust security measures. It mandates transparency regarding data use and third-party sharing and provides users with rights to revoke consent, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约电子健康产品和服务隐私法 (A 1415)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 9 日，《电子健康产品和服务隐私法案》(A 1415) 提交给纽约议会。该法案对电子健康产品或服务收集的个人健康信息建立了隐私保护，要求明确同意数据处理、严格限制数据收集以及强有力的安全措施。它要求数据使用和第三方共享的透明度，并为用户提供撤销同意的权利，......" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Bill amending Consumer Data Protection Act to Prohibit Addictive Social Media Feeds (SB 854 / HB 1624)", "url": "https://netchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Virginia-PI-Opinion_Granted.pdf", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia granted a preliminary injunction in the case of NetChoice v Attorney General of Virginia, blocking the enforcement of Senate Bill 854 (SB 854). The Bill would prohibit social media platforms from providing addictive algorithmic feeds to minors and introduce compliance requirements, including commercially reasonable age verification mechanisms and a default one-hour daily usage limit per platform for use...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《消费者数据保护法》以禁止令人上瘾的社交媒体信息的法案 (SB 854 / HB 1624)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，美国弗吉尼亚东区地方法院就 NetChoice 诉弗吉尼亚州总检察长一案颁发了初步禁令，阻止执行参议院第 854 号法案 (SB 854)。该法案将禁止社交媒体平台向未成年人提供令人上瘾的算法信息，并引入合规要求，包括商业上合理的年龄验证机制和每个平台默认的每日一小时使用限制……" }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "Justice Department and FBI investigation into PlugX malware", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-and-fbi-conduct-international-operation-delete-malware-used-china-backed", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Justice Department and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) enforced a court ruling in an investigation into PlugX malware. The Justice Department removed the malware from over 4’200 infected US computers. The operation, conducted in collaboration with international partners, including French law enforcement and the cybersecurity firm Sekoia.io, targeted a version of PlugX malware allegedly developed by the China-backed hacking group Mustang Panda. The malware had bee...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部和 FBI 对 PlugX 恶意软件进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 14 日，司法部和联邦调查局 (FBI) 在针对 PlugX 恶意软件的调查中执行了法院裁决。司法部从 4,200 多台受感染的美国计算机中删除了该恶意软件。此次行动是与法国执法部门和网络安全公司 Sekoia.io 等国际合作伙伴合作进行的，目标是据称由中国支持的黑客组织 Mustang Panda 开发的 PlugX 恶意软件版本。该恶意软件已经..." }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice lawsuit against Snap alleging AI-powered chatbot poses risks and harms young users", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/statement-commission-regarding-snap-complaint-referral-doj", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) submitted a complaint to the Department of Justice (DOJ) against Snap regarding the company's deployment of an artificial intelligence-powered chatbot, My AI, within its Snapchat application. The complaint alleges potential risks and harms to young users of the platform. The assessment, initiated as part of an order compliance review following a 2014 settlement with Snap, determined potential violations of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trad...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会和司法部对 Snap 提起诉讼，指控人工智能驱动的聊天机器人带来风险并伤害年轻用户", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 16 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 向司法部 (DOJ) 提交了针对 Snap 的投诉，指控该公司在其 Snapchat 应用程序中部署人工智能驱动的聊天机器人 My AI。投诉称该平台的年轻用户存在潜在风险和伤害。该评估是 2014 年与 Snap 达成和解后订单合规审查的一部分，确定了可能违反联邦贸易法第 5(a) 条的行为……" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "Securities and Exchange Commission investigation into Robinhood broker-dealers over alleged cybersecurity and securities law violations", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025-5", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that Robinhood Securities LLC and Robinhood Financial LLC (collectively, Robinhood) agreed to pay USD 45 million in combined civil penalties to settle charges related to violations of cybersecurity and securities laws. The SEC found that Robinhood failed to comply with multiple regulatory requirements, including inadequate suspicious activity reporting, insufficient identity theft protection, and unauthorised access to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国证券交易委员会对 Robinhood 经纪交易商涉嫌违反网络安全和证券法的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 13 日，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 宣布 Robinhood Securities LLC 和 Robinhood Financial LLC（统称为 Robinhood）同意支付 4500 万美元的民事罚款，以和解与违反网络安全和证券法相关的指控。美国证券交易委员会发现 Robinhood 未能遵守多项监管要求，包括可疑活动报告不足、身份盗窃保护不足以及未经授权的访问……" }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations guide on data anonymisation", "url": "https://asean.org/book/asean-guide-on-data-anonymisation/", "description": "On 17 January 2025, during the 5th Association of South East-Asian Nations (ASEAN) meeting, the Digital Ministers adopted the guide on data anonymisation. The guide is addressed to policymakers, regulators, and industry organisations and provides information on basic data anonymisation concepts and techniques and typical scenarios for anonymisation. It also provides concrete steps for anonymisation, including knowledge of data, de-identification, application of anonymisation techniques, compu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东南亚国家联盟数据匿名化指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，在第五届东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 会议上，数字部长通过了数据匿名化指南。该指南面向政策制定者、监管机构和行业组织，提供有关基本数据匿名化概念和技术以及匿名化典型场景的信息。它还提供了匿名化的具体步骤，包括数据知识、去标识化、匿名化技术的应用、计算机..." }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Guide on Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Ibero-American Data Protection Network model contractual clauses", "url": "https://asean.org/book/joint-guide-to-asean-mccs-and-ripd-mccs/", "description": "On 17 January 2025, during the 5th Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Digital Ministers adopted the joint mapping guide on the ASEAN model contractual clauses (MCCs) and Ibero-American Data Protection Network (RIPD) MCCs. The guide aims to help organisations navigate cross-border data transfer agreements. The ASEAN MCCs, developed to harmonise data protection practices across Southeast Asia, offer a standardised contractual framework ensuring compliance with regional privacy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东南亚国家联盟和伊比利亚美洲数据保护网络示范合同条款指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，在第五届东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 期间，数字部长们通过了关于东盟示范合同条款 (MCC) 和伊比利亚美洲数据保护网络 (RIPD) MCC 的联合映射指南。该指南旨在帮助组织处理跨境数据传输协议。 东盟 MCC 旨在协调整个东南亚的数据保护实践，提供标准化的合同框架，确保遵守区域隐私..." }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "Bill requiring Data Privacy Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for children, banning default profiling and geolocation in Oklahoma (HB 1388)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1388&Session=2500", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the Bill requiring Data Privacy Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for children, banning default profiling and geolocation (HB 1388), was introduced to the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The Bill establishes requirements for online products, services, or features accessed by children under 18, aiming to ensure their best interests are protected. It mandates covered entities to complete data protection impact assessments, configure default privacy settings for high privacy, pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求对儿童进行数据隐私影响评估 (DPIA) 的法案，禁止俄克拉荷马州的默认分析和地理定位 (HB 1388)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 15 日，向俄克拉荷马州众议院提交了一项法案，要求对儿童进行数据隐私影响评估 (DPIA)，禁止默认分析和地理定位 (HB 1388)。该法案对 18 岁以下儿童访问的在线产品、服务或功能提出了要求，旨在确保他们的最佳利益得到保护。它要求所涵盖的实体完成数据保护影响评估、配置默认隐私设置以实现高隐私、专业..." }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Measures establishing AI Intelligence Council in Oklahoma Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act (HB 1916)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1916&Session=2500", "description": "On 16 January 2025, the Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act (HB 1916) was introduced to the Oklahoma House of Representatives, aimed at regulating the use and development of artificial intelligence (AI) within the state. The act establishes the Artificial Intelligence Council to oversee AI regulation, including an AI Regulatory Sandbox for testing innovative systems and an AI Workforce Development Program focusing on underserved communities and small businesses. The Council is also respo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在俄克拉荷马州建立人工智能情报委员会的措施《负责任的人工智能系统部署法案》（HB 1916）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 16 日，俄克拉荷马州众议院提交了《人工智能系统负责任部署法案》(HB 1916)，旨在规范该州内人工智能 (AI) 的使用和开发。该法案设立了人工智能委员会来监督人工智能监管，包括用于测试创新系统的人工智能监管沙箱和专注于服务不足的社区和小型企业的人工智能劳动力发展计划。理事会还回应..." }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Bill on AI and synthetic media in elections in Oklahoma (SB 894)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb894&Session=2500", "description": "On 19 January 2025, the Bill on AI and synthetic media in elections (SB 894) was introduced to the Oklahoma Senate. The Bill prohibits the creation or distribution of synthetic media, including deepfakes, intended to deceive or tarnish the reputation of political candidates or parties within 90 days of an election unless clearly disclosed as AI-generated. It mandates detailed disclosure requirements, such as readable text for visual media and audio disclaimers at specified intervals. Violator...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于俄克拉荷马州选举中人工智能和合成媒体的法案 (SB 894)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 19 日，《关于选举中人工智能和合成媒体的法案》(SB 894) 被提交给俄克拉荷马州参议院。该法案禁止在选举后 90 天内创建或传播旨在欺骗或玷污政治候选人或政党声誉的合成媒体（包括深度伪造媒体），除非明确披露为人工智能生成。它规定了详细的披露要求，例如视觉媒体的可读文本和指定时间间隔的音频免责声明。违规者..." }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending the Genetic Information Privacy Act to revise privacy laws related to biometric, genetic, and neural data in Montana (SB 163)", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0005", "description": "On 15 January 2025, a Bill amending the Genetic Information Privacy Act to revise privacy laws related to biometric, genetic, and neural data (SB 163) was introduced to the Montana Senate. The Bill expands the act's scope to include \"neural data,\" defined as data generated by measuring nervous system activity. It emphasises the sensitive nature of neural data, requiring express consent for its collection, use, or disclosure and strengthening privacy protections. It mandates clear privacy noti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修正《遗传信息隐私法》的法案，以修订蒙大拿州与生物识别、遗传和神经数据相关的隐私法 (SB 163)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 15 日，向蒙大拿州参议院提交了一项修订《遗传信息隐私法》的法案，以修订与生物识别、遗传和神经数据相关的隐私法 (SB 163)。该法案扩大了该法案的范围，将“神经数据”包括在内，“神经数据”的定义是通过测量神经系统活动生成的数据。它强调神经数据的敏感性，要求收集、使用或披露神经数据的明确同意，并加强隐私保护。它要求明确的隐私声明..." }, { "date": "20 January 2025", "title": "Executive order prohibiting the use of federal resources to moderate content hosted on online platforms", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/restoring-freedom-of-speech-and-ending-federal-censorship/", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the President issued an executive order titled \"Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship,\" which outlines the administration's policy to prevent federal government actions that it believes could infringe upon constitutionally protected speech. The order directs federal agencies and officials to cease activities deemed inconsistent with the First Amendment, prohibits the use of taxpayer resources to influence content moderation on online platforms, and mand...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政命令禁止使用联邦资源来管理在线平台上托管的内容", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 20 日，总统发布了一项题为“恢复言论自由和结束联邦审查制度”的行政命令，概述了政府防止联邦政府认为可能侵犯受宪法保护的言论的行为的政策。该命令指示联邦机构和官员停止被认为不符合第一修正案的活动，禁止利用纳税人资源影响在线平台的内容审核，并要求..." }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "New York State Department of Financial Services investigation into PayPal for alleged violations of Cybersecurity Regulation", "url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/reports_and_publications/press_releases/pr20250123", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the New York State Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) announced that it had imposed a USD 2 million fine against PayPal for violations of the state's Cybersecurity Regulation. In particular, an investigation revealed that PayPal failed to employ qualified personnel for key cybersecurity roles and did not provide adequate training to address cybersecurity risks. Furthermore, PayPal failed to implement written policies for access controls, identity management, and cust...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约州金融服务部对 PayPal 涉嫌违反网络安全法规进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 23 日，纽约州金融服务部 (NYDFS) 宣布，因 PayPal 违反该州网络安全法规，对 PayPal 处以 200 万美元罚款。特别是，一项调查显示，PayPal 未能聘请合格的人员担任关键网络安全角色，也没有提供足够的培训来应对网络安全风险。此外，PayPal 未能实施访问控制、身份管理和客户的书面政策..." }, { "title": "Act enabling consumers to request and manage personal data (SB 546)", "url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/cf_pdf/2025-26%20ENR/SB/SB546%20ENR.PDF", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the Act enabling consumers to request and manage personal data (SB 546) enters into force. The Act allows consumers to request information from data controllers and exercise rights such as access, correction, deletion, and opting out of data processing. Data controllers must respond within 45 days and provide reasons for any denial. However, compliance is not required where the consumer’s identity cannot be authenticated. The Act also requires controllers to establish an ap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "允许消费者请求和管理个人数据的法案 (SB 546)", "description_zh": "允许消费者请求和管理个人数据的法案 (SB 546) 于 2027 年 1 月 1 日生效。该法案允许消费者向数据控制者请求信息并行使访问、更正、删除和选择退出数据处理等权利。数据控制者必须在 45 天内做出回应并提供拒绝的理由。但是，如果无法验证消费者的身份，则不需要合规。该法案还要求控制者建立一个应用程序..." }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "Bill amending general business law to include disclosure of social media terms of service and content moderation enforcement (Bill No. SB 895)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S895/amendment/B", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the Bill amending general business law to include disclosure of social media terms of service and content moderation enforcement was passed by New York State Assembly. The bill aims to enhance transparency and accountability for social media companies by requiring them to post their terms of service in a manner accessible to all users. The bill also requires the submission of detailed reports on content moderation. It mandates that platforms operating in New York publish clear...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订一般商业法的法案，包括披露社交媒体服务条款和内容审核执行（法案编号 SB 895）", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 6 日，纽约州议会通过了修订一般商业法的法案，其中包括社交媒体服务条款的披露和内容审核的执行。该法案旨在要求社交媒体公司以所有用户均可访问的方式发布服务条款，从而提高社交媒体公司的透明度和问责制。该法案还要求提交有关内容审核的详细报告。它要求在纽约运营的平台发布明确的……" }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "Biometric Autonomy Liberty Law (Bill No. LB204)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=58083", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Biometric Autonomy Liberty Law was introduced to the Nebraska Legislature. The Law aims to regulate the collection, use, and handling of biometric data, recognising individuals’ ownership of their biometric identifiers. Key provisions include prohibiting coercion in biometric data collection, requiring written consent for processing, and mandating secure storage and timely deletion of biometric data. It also restricts the sale or sharing of biometric data without expli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生物识别自主自由法（法案编号 LB204）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 14 日，《生物识别自治自由法》被提交给内布拉斯加州立法机构。该法旨在规范生物识别数据的收集、使用和处理，承认个人对其生物识别标识符的所有权。主要条款包括禁止强制收集生物识别数据、要求处理时获得书面同意以及强制安全存储和及时删除生物识别数据。它还限制在没有明确说明的情况下销售或共享生物识别数据..." }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Bill on consumer data protection, aiming to regulate entities handling personal consumer data (Bill No. SB1037)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=1037&year=2025", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Bill on consumer data protection, aiming to regulate entities handling personal consumer data was introduced to the Senate of Hawaii. The bill outlines obligations for data controllers and processors, defines key terms, and establishes consumer rights and consent requirements. The Bill applies to businesses processing the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers or 25,000 consumers if data sales exceed 25% of revenue. It provides exemptions for government entities, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者数据保护法案，旨在规范处理个人消费者数据的实体（法案编号：SB1037）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，旨在规范处理个人消费者数据的实体的消费者数据保护法案被提交给夏威夷参议院。该法案概述了数据控制者和处理者的义务，定义了关键术语，并建立了消费者权利和同意要求。该法案适用于处理至少 100,000 名消费者的个人数据的企业，如果数据销售额超过收入的 25%，则适用于 25,000 名消费者的企业。它为政府实体提供豁免，..." }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "Illinois Privacy Rights Act (SB 0052)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=52&GAID=18&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=114&GA=104", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Illinois Privacy Rights Act (SB 0052) was introduced in the Senate. The Act aims to establish duties and obligations for businesses regarding the collection and protection of consumers' personal and sensitive information. It outlines consumer rights, including the ability to delete, correct, and access personal information, as well as to opt out of its sale or sharing. The Act also limits the use and disclosure of sensitive information and prohibits retaliation against...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州隐私权法案 (SB 0052)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 13 日，参议院提出《伊利诺伊州隐私权法案》(SB 0052)。该法案旨在规定企业在收集和保护消费者个人信息和敏感信息方面的责任和义务。它概述了消费者的权利，包括删除、更正和访问个人信息以及选择不出售或共享个人信息的能力。该法案还限制敏感信息的使用和披露，并禁止对......" }, { "date": "30 January 2025", "title": "California Attorney General investigation into Amazon over allegations under Proposition 65 and Unfair Competition Law", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-announces-nearly-600k-settlement-amazon-resolving", "description": "On 30 January 2025, the California Attorney General's Office announced a settlement with Amazon following an investigation into its facilitation of sales of skin-lightening creams containing mercury. The investigation determined that Amazon had violated Proposition 65 and the Unfair Competition Law by failing to provide required warnings for products with mercury levels exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration's limit. Under the settlement, Amazon agreed to pay USD 600'000 in penalties a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州总检察长就亚马逊根据 65 号提案和不公平竞争法提出的指控展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 30 日，加州总检察长办公室在调查亚马逊协助销售含汞美白霜的事件后，宣布与亚马逊达成和解。调查认定，亚马逊未能对汞含量超过美国食品和药物管理局限制的产品提供必要的警告，违反了65号提案和反不正当竞争法。根据和解协议，亚马逊同意支付 60 万美元的罚款..." }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending Tennessee Code Annotated Title 39 concerning computer generated images (HB 433/SB 404)", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/Billinfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=HB0433&ga=114", "description": "On 28 January 2025, the Bill amending Tennessee Code Annotated Title 39 concerning computer-generated images (HB 433/SB 404) was introduced to both Houses of the Tennessee Congress. The Bill would expand the scope of the offence of unlawful exposure, thereby including images of identifiable persons created or modified using computer software, artificial intelligence applications, or other digital editing tools. If enacted, the Bill would take effect on 1 July 2025.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改田纳西州法典注释标题 39 有关计算机生成图像的法案 (HB 433/SB 404)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 28 日，向田纳西州国会两院提交了修订《田纳西州法典注释标题 39》有关计算机生成图像的法案 (HB 433/SB 404)。该法案将扩大非法曝光罪的范围，从而包括使用计算机软件、人工智能应用程序或其他数字编辑工具创建或修改的可识别人员的图像。如果获得通过，该法案将于 2025 年 7 月 1 日生效。" }, { "date": "2 March 2025", "title": "Bill requiring disclosure in artificial generated political advertisements (Bill No. SB 746)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=sb746&Session=2500", "description": "On 3 February 2025, the Bill requiring disclosure in artificial generated political advertisements was introduced to the Oklahoma Legislature. The bill mandates that any political advertisement distributed by a candidate, candidate committee, political action committee, or political party committee featuring artificial intelligence (AI) - generated images must include a specified disclosure. The measure grants individuals depicted through generative AI the right to seek an injunction to preve...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求在人工生成的政治广告中进行披露的法案（法案编号 SB 746）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 3 日，要求在人工生成的政治广告中进行披露的法案被提交给俄克拉荷马州立法机构。该法案规定，候选人、候选人委员会、政治行动委员会或政党委员会发布的任何带有人工智能 (AI) 生成图像的政治广告都必须包含特定的披露信息。该措施赋予通过生成人工智能描绘的个人寻求禁令以防止……的权利。" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Data protection regulations in Bill protecting minors from addictive content (Bill No. HB 566)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=566&year=2025", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the Bill protecting minors from addictive content, including data protection regulations, was introduced at the Hawaii House of Representatives. The bill prohibits the processing of minors' data without parental consent. It requires operators to implement privacy protection measures by default, ensuring that minors' data is not used for purposes beyond what is strictly necessary. Operators are prohibited from processing personal data of covered users unless it is strictly...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护未成年人免受成瘾内容侵害的法案中的数据保护规定（法案编号 HB 566）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，夏威夷众议院提出了保护未成年人免受成瘾内容侵害的法案，其中包括数据保护法规。该法案禁止未经父母同意处理未成年人的数据。它要求运营商默认实施隐私保护措施，确保未成年人的数据不被用于超出绝对必要的目的。运营商不得处理所涵盖用户的个人数据，除非严格..." }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Bill prohibiting the sale of geolocation information and internet browser information (Bill No. SB 1163)", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=1163&year=2025", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Bill prohibiting the sale of geolocation data, internet browsing activity, and audio data collected from mobile applications without user consent was introduced to the Senate of Hawaii. The Bill applies to entities that collect, process, or sell such data and mandates opt-in authorisation, which users can revoke at any time. It specifically bans the sale of location data linked to reproductive health clinics, citing risks to privacy and civil rights. Exceptions apply i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止出售地理位置信息和互联网浏览器信息的法案（法案编号 SB 1163）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 17 日，向夏威夷参议院提交了禁止出售未经用户同意的移动应用程序收集的地理位置数据、互联网浏览活动和音频数据的法案。该法案适用于收集、处理或出售此类数据的实体，并强制要求选择加入授权，用户可以随时撤销该授权。它特别禁止出售与生殖健康诊所相关的位置数据，理由是对隐私和公民权利存在风险。例外情况适用于我..." }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in statutory revisions of Code of Virginia pertaining to personally identifiable information (revisions in HB 2250)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2250", "description": "On 7 January 2025, statutory revisions of the Code of Virginia pertaining to personally identifiable information (revisions in HB 2250) including data protection regulation were introduced in the Virginia General Assembly. The Bill defines terms for personal and sensitive data. The former is any information linked to an identifiable person. The latter is a subcategory of personal data which includes details concerning racial origin, health information, genetic/biometric data, children's data,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《弗吉尼亚州法典》中与个人身份信息相关的法定修订版中的数据保护规定（HB 2250 中的修订版）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 7 日，弗吉尼亚州议会提出了与个人身份信息有关的《弗吉尼亚州法典》的法定修订版（HB 2250 中的修订版），其中包括数据保护法规。该法案定义了个人和敏感数据的术语。前者是与可识别个人相关的任何信息。后者是个人数据的一个子类别，其中包括有关种族出身、健康信息、遗传/生物识别数据、儿童数据等的详细信息。" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Bill amending Civil Code to address Artificial Intelligence defences in civil actions (AB 316)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB316", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence: Defences (AB 316) enters into force in California. The Act amends the California Civil Code through the addition of Section 1714.46, which defines artificial intelligence as an engineered or machine-based system with varying levels of autonomy that can, for explicit or implicit objectives, infer from input how to generate outputs capable of influencing physical or virtual environments. Section 1714.46 provides that, in any civil action ag...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《民法典》的法案以解决民事诉讼中的人工智能辩护问题 (AB 316)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，《人工智能防御法》(AB 316) 在加利福尼亚州生效。该法案通过添加第 1714.46 条对《加州民法典》进行了修订，该条将人工智能定义为具有不同自主级别的工程或基于机器的系统，可以针对明确或隐含的目标，从输入推断如何生成能够影响物理或虚拟环境的输出。第 1714.46 条规定，在任何民事诉讼中..." }, { "date": "27 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes to incorporate provisions on artificial intelligence (Bill No. HB 317)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=2025&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=317", "description": "On 27 January 2025, the bill amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes to incorporate provisions on artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced to the Pennsylvania Assembly. The bill defines AI as technology using predictive algorithms to create content. It mandates that AI-generated materials must include a watermark covering 30% of the content with 50% opacity, stating \"Artificial Intelligence Generated Material.\" Exceptions apply to film and TV produ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订宾夕法尼亚州综合法规第 18 章（犯罪和犯罪）的法案，纳入人工智能条款（法案编号 HB 317）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 27 日，向宾夕法尼亚州议会提交了修订《宾夕法尼亚州综合法规》第 18 章（犯罪和犯罪）的法案，以纳入有关人工智能 (AI) 的条款。该法案将人工智能定义为使用预测算法来创建内容的技术。它要求人工智能生成的材料必须包含覆盖 30% 内容、50% 不透明度的水印，注明“人工智能生成的材料”。例外情况适用于电影和电视产品..." }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Bill addressing technology used by employers in the workplace (HB 1672)", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1672&Year=2025&Initiative=false", "description": "On 28 January 2025, the bill addressing technology used by employers in the workplace was introduced to the House of Representatives. The bill regulates employers' use of technology in the workplace by establishing guidelines for electronic monitoring and automated decision systems. The bill requires employers to have a legitimate purpose and use the least invasive methods for electronic monitoring. It also requires them to notify employees about monitoring activities. It prohibits monitoring...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案解决雇主在工作场所使用的技术（HB 1672）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 28 日，针对雇主在工作场所使用的技术的法案被提交给众议院。该法案通过制定电子监控和自动决策系统指南来规范雇主在工作场所使用技术。该法案要求雇主有合法目的并使用侵入性最小的方法进行电子监控。它还要求他们通知员工有关监控活动的信息。禁止监视..." }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Joint Attorney General statement on DOGE access to sensitive personal information", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-stops-elon-musk-and-doge-accessing-americans-private", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the US District Court for the Southern District of New York granted a preliminary injunction preventing the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) from accessing Americans' sensitive financial information through the US Treasury's central payment system. This ruling follows an earlier temporary restraining order and constitutes part of a broader lawsuit led by the New York Attorneey General and joined by attorneys general from 19 states, including California, Illinois...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长关于 DOGE 访问敏感个人信息的联合声明", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，美国纽约南区地方法院颁布了一项初步禁令，禁止政府效率部 (DOGE) 通过美国财政部的中央支付系统获取美国人的敏感财务信息。这项裁决是继之前的一项临时限制令之后做出的，也是由纽约州总检察长牵头、加利福尼亚州、伊利诺伊州等 19 个州总检察长参与的更广泛诉讼的一部分。" }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Act amending Kansas Statutes to regulate images generated by Artificial Intelligence in the context of child exploitation (Bill No. HB 2183)", "url": "https://kslegislature.gov/li/b2025_26/measures/hb2183/", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Act amending Kansas Statutes to regulate images generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the context of child exploitation and breach of privacy was passed by the Kansas House of Representatives. The Act expands the definition of \"visual depiction\" to include artificially created or digitally altered images that appear to depict a child engaged in sexually explicit conduct. The Act addresses the unlawful transmission of a visual depiction of a child aged 12 to un...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "堪萨斯州法规修订法案中的内容审核规定，旨在监管儿童剥削情况下人工智能生成的图像（法案编号 HB 2183）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，堪萨斯州众议院通过了一项修订堪萨斯州法规的法案，以规范在剥削儿童和侵犯隐私的情况下由人工智能 (AI) 生成的图像。 该法案扩展了“视觉描绘”的定义，包括人工创建或数字修改的图像，这些图像似乎描绘了儿童从事露骨的性行为。该法案涉及将 12 岁儿童的视觉描绘非法传播给非..." }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending Arizona Revised Statutes to include provisions on sexual exploitation of minors (HB 2678)", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/82569", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Arizona House of Representatives passed a bill amending Section 13-3551 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, which pertains to the sexual exploitation of children. The Bill would expand the legal definition of a \"minor\" to include visual depictions that are indistinguishable from an actual minor, meaning a person viewing the depiction would reasonably conclude it portrays a real child. The amendment would incorporate provisions concerning AI-generated or digitally altered...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改亚利桑那州修订法规的法案，纳入有关未成年人性剥削的条款 (HB 2678)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，亚利桑那州众议院通过了一项法案，修订《亚利桑那州修订法规》第 13-3551 条，该条涉及对儿童的性剥削。该法案将扩大“未成年人”的法律定义，将与实际未成年人无法区分的视觉描绘包括在内，这意味着观看该描绘的人会合理地断定它描绘的是真正的儿童。该修正案将纳入有关人工智能生成或数字更改的条款......" }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "Bill requiring operators of smart devices to provide information to users about the collection of personal data (Bill No. SB 726)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/89R/billtext/pdf/SB00726I.pdf#navpanes=0", "description": "On 7 January 2025, the bill requiring operators of smart devices to provide information to users about the collection of personal data was introduced to the Senate of Texas. The bill applies to smart device operators who conduct business in Texas, manufacture, sell, or operate smart devices in the state or process personal data captured by smart devices used in Texas. It exempts state agencies, political subdivisions, and utility providers. The bill defines key terms including \"personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "要求智能设备运营商向用户提供有关个人数据收集信息的法案（法案编号：SB 726）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 7 日，要求智能设备运营商向用户提供有关个人数据收集信息的法案被提交给德克萨斯州参议院。 该法案适用于在德克萨斯州开展业务、在该州制造、销售或运营智能设备或处理德克萨斯州使用的智能设备捕获的个人数据的智能设备运营商。它豁免国家机构、政治部门和公用事业提供商。 该法案定义了关键术语，包括“个人数据……" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "No DeepSeek on Government Devices Act (HR 1121)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1121", "description": "On 7 February 2025, the No DeepSeek on Government Devices Act (HR 1121) was introduced to the House of Representatives, aimed at banning the use and download of the DeepSeek AI application on federally issued devices due to its association with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The justification for the Act's introduction is to prevent the Chinese government from accessing sensitive government and personal data, as DeepSeek is alleged to collect and store US user data for unidentified purpos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府设备法案 (HR 1121) 中无 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 7 日，众议院向众议院提交了《禁止 DeepSeek 政府设备法案》(HR 1121)，旨在禁止在联邦发行的设备上使用和下载 DeepSeek AI 应用程序，因为该应用程序与中国共产党 (CCP) 有关联。引入该法案的理由是为了防止中国政府访问敏感的政府和个人数据，因为 DeepSeek 被指控出于不明目的收集和存储美国用户数据......" }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Bill mandating disclosure of use of artificial intelligence in political communications in North Dakota (Bill No. HB 1167)", "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/69-2025/regular/bill-overview/bo1167.html", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Bill mandating disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in political communications enters into force. The Bill mandates that any content created in whole or in part using AI to impersonate a human, whether visually or audibly, and used for a political purpose, including supporting or opposing candidates, political parties, or ballot measures, must include the disclaimer that the content is generated by AI. The bill exempts AI use limited to non-impersonativ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "强制要求披露北达科他州政治传播中人工智能使用情况的法案（法案编号 HB 1167）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 1 日，强制披露在政治传播中使用人工智能 (AI) 的法案生效。该法案规定，任何全部或部分使用人工智能模仿人类（无论是视觉上还是听觉上）并用于政治目的（包括支持或反对候选人、政党或投票措施）的内容，都必须包含该内容由人工智能生成的免责声明。该法案豁免人工智能的使用仅限于非拟人化......" }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 297) revising Privacy Laws", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0372?open_tab=bill", "description": "On 1 October 2025, provisions of the Consumer Data Protection Act (SB 297) concerning data protection assessments for high-risk processing involving minors enter into force. The Act amends state privacy legislation by setting requirements on transparency in data processing and granting individuals rights to access, correct, delete, and obtain a copy of their personal data, as well as to opt out of targeted advertising, the sale of personal data, and certain automated profiling activities. Bus...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "消费者数据保护法 (SB 297) 修订隐私法", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，《消费者数据保护法》(SB 297) 中有关涉及未成年人的高风险处理的数据保护评估的条款生效。该法案修订了州隐私立法，规定了数据处理透明度的要求，并授予个人访问、更正、删除和获取其个人数据副本的权利，以及选择退出定向广告、个人数据出售和某些自动分析活动的权利。公共汽车..." }, { "date": "14 February 2025", "title": "Attorney General of Texas investigation into DeepSeek over alleged privacy concerns", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-announces-investigation-deepseek-and-notifies-chinese-ai-company-its", "description": "On 14 February 2025, the Attorney General of Texas announced an investigation into DeepSeek over violations of the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act. The investigation focuses on the alleged mishandling of user data. It was highlighted that the Attorney has issued third-party Civil Investigative Demands to Google and Apple for their analysis of the DeepSeek application and related documentation. It was also highlighted DeepSeek has been notified that its platform violates the Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长因涉嫌隐私问题对 DeepSeek 进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 14 日，德克萨斯州总检察长宣布对 DeepSeek 违反《德克萨斯州数据隐私和安全法》的行为进行调查。调查重点是涉嫌不当处理用户数据。值得注意的是，律师已向谷歌和苹果发出第三方民事调查要求，要求他们对 DeepSeek 应用程序和相关文件进行分析。还强调 DeepSeek 已被告知其平台违反了该法案。" }, { "date": "28 January 2025", "title": "Attorney General of Texas order banning DeepSeek on Office of the Attorney General devices", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-announces-investigation-deepseek-and-notifies-chinese-ai-company-its", "description": "On 28 January 2025, the Attorney General of Texas adopted an order banning DeepSeek on all Office of the Attorney General devices. The order cited security concerns and the company's alignment with the Chinese Communist Party, including its readiness to censor information critical of the Chinese government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长下令禁止在总检察长办公室设备上使用 DeepSeek", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 28 日，德克萨斯州总检察长通过了一项命令，禁止在总检察长办公室的所有设备上使用 DeepSeek。该命令提到了安全问题以及该公司与中国共产党的联盟，包括准备审查批评中国政府的信息。" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (Bill No. H 0208)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.208", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act was introduced at the Vermont House of Representatives. The Act seeks to enhance consumer protection relating to personal data. It applies to businesses that process significant amounts of consumer data or derive substantial revenue from data sales. It imposes obligations including limiting data collection, obtaining meaningful consent and protecting sensitive data. It also provides consumers with the right to confirm, correct,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据隐私和在线监控法（法案编号 H 0208）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 12 日，佛蒙特州众议院提出了《数据隐私和在线监控法案》。该法案旨在加强与个人数据相关的消费者保护。它适用于处理大量消费者数据或从数据销售中获得大量收入的企业。它规定了一些义务，包括限制数据收集、获得有意义的同意和保护敏感数据。它还为消费者提供了确认、更正、..." }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Act relating to data brokers and personal information (Bill No. H 211)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/H.211", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the Act relating to data brokers and personal information was introduced to the Vermont House of Representatives. The Act establishes a framework for individuals to request the deletion of their personal data from businesses operating in Vermont. The Act requires data brokers to process deletion requests within 45 days and to extend opt-out requests to service providers. It also includes exemptions for deletions when legally required. It also provides that failure to comp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与数据经纪人和个人信息相关的法案（法案编号 H 211）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 12 日，有关数据经纪人和个人信息的法案被提交给佛蒙特州众议院。该法案为个人建立了一个框架，要求其从在佛蒙特州运营的企业中删除其个人数据。该法案要求数据经纪人在 45 天内处理删除请求，并将选择退出请求延伸至服务提供商。它还包括法律要求时删除的豁免。它还提供了未能补偿..." }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "Disclosure requirements in Artificial Intelligence Amendments Act (HB 452) establishing provisions for the regulation of mental health chatbots that use artificial intelligence technology", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0452.html", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Amendments (HB 452) were introduced in the Utah House of Representatives, establishing provisions for the regulation of mental health chatbots that use artificial intelligence technology. It requires chatbots to disclose to users that they are AI-driven and not human, with disclosures required prior to access, at the beginning of interactions, and upon user request. The legislation prohibits AI chatbots from promoting specific products or servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能修正案 (HB 452) 中的披露要求制定了对使用人工智能技术的心理健康聊天机器人进行监管的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 10 日，犹他州众议院提出了《人工智能修正案》(HB 452)，制定了对使用人工智能技术的心理健康聊天机器人进行监管的条款。它要求聊天机器人向用户披露它们是人工智能驱动的而不是人类的，并且需要在访问之前、交互开始时以及根据用户请求进行披露。该立法禁止人工智能聊天机器人推广特定产品或服务..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Bill amending Civil Code to include provisions on data collection and deletion by data brokers (SB 361)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB361", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Bill amending the Civil Code to include provisions on data collection and deletion by data brokers enters into force. The California Privacy Protection Agency will launch an Accessible Deletion Mechanism for consumers to request deletion of their personal data held by registered data brokers and their service providers handling consumer information. The mechanism will let consumers file one verified request, exclude specific brokers, and track request status. From this ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《民法典》的法案，纳入有关数据经纪人收集和删除数据的规定 (SB 361)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，修订《民法典》的法案生效，其中纳入了有关数据经纪人收集和删除数据的条款。加州隐私保护局将启动一项可访问删除机制，供消费者请求删除注册数据经纪人及​​其处理消费者信息的服务提供商持有的个人数据。该机制将允许消费者提交一个经过验证的请求、排除特定经纪人并跟踪请求状态。从此..." }, { "title": "Bill amending California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 to include mandatory opt-out preference signal in browsers (AB No. 566)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB566", "description": "On 1 January 2027, the California Opt Me Out Act enters into force, amending the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 to mandate that internet browsers include a consumer-configurable function to send an opt-out preference signal to businesses with which the consumer interacts online. Browser developers must ensure the functionality is easy to locate and configure and must disclose publicly how the signal operates and its intended effect. The California Privacy Protection Agency may adopt ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《2018 年加州消费者隐私法》的法案，在浏览器中纳入强制选择退出偏好信号（AB 第 566 号）", "description_zh": "《加州选择退出法案》于 2027 年 1 月 1 日生效，修订了 2018 年加州消费者隐私法案，要求互联网浏览器包含消费者可配置的功能，向与消费者在线互动的企业发送选择退出偏好信号。浏览器开发人员必须确保该功能易于定位和配置，并且必须公开披露信号的运行方式及其预期效果。加州隐私保护局可能会采取..." }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "Children's Online Safety Act (Bill No. S 4609)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S4609", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the Children's Online Safety Act was introduced to the New York Senate, aiming to enhance the privacy and safety of minors on social media. The Act requires operators of covered platforms to conduct age verification to determine whether a user is a covered minor. It mandates privacy-by-default settings for users under 18 years old, requiring platforms to disable open chat, prevent unapproved adults from messaging minors, restrict profile visibility, and block financial tr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童在线安全法（法案编号 S 4609）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 10 日，《儿童在线安全法案》被提交给纽约参议院，旨在增强未成年人在社交媒体上的隐私和安全。该法案要求涵盖平台的运营商进行年龄验证，以确定用户是否为涵盖的未成年人。它强制要求 18 岁以下的用户进行默认隐私设置，要求平台禁用公开聊天、防止未经批准的成年人向未成年人发送消息、限制个人资料可见性并阻止金融交易。" }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Design requirements in Act on development, deployment and use of high-risk artificial intelligence (HB 2094)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2094", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the Virginia Governor vetoed the Act on the development, deployment, and use of high-risk artificial intelligence (AI). The Act would have applied to developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems in Virginia. It would have required developers to provide detailed documentation about their AI systems, outlining limitations, performance evaluations, and measures to mitigate discrimination risks. They would also have had to ensure transparency by disclosing AI usage to consum...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《高风险人工智能开发、部署和使用法案》中的设计要求 (HB 2094)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 24 日，弗吉尼亚州州长否决了有关高风险人工智能 (AI) 开发、部署和使用的法案。该法案将适用于弗吉尼亚州高风险人工智能系统的开发者和部署者。它要求开发人员提供有关其人工智能系统的详细文档，概述限制、性能评估以及减轻歧视风险的措施。他们还必须通过向消费者披露人工智能的使用情况来确保透明度……" }, { "date": "24 January 2025", "title": "Right to Compute Act (SB 212) including provisions on shutdown of artificial intelligence controlled critical infrastructure", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0292?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 24 January 2025, the Right to Compute Act including requiring shutdowns of artificial intelligence (AI) controlled critical infrastructure was introduced to the Montana Senate. The Act applies to private entities that use AI systems to manage critical infrastructure, requiring them to implement shutdown capabilities that allow for a return to human control. The Act aims to safeguard the right to own and use computational resources and ensure human control can be restored swiftly. It manda...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "计算权法案 (SB 212)，包括有关关闭人工智能控制的关键基础设施的规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 24 日，蒙大拿州参议院提交了《计算权法案》，其中包括要求关闭人工智能 (AI) 控制的关键基础设施。该法案适用于使用人工智能系统来管理关键基础设施的私人实体，要求它们实现关闭功能，以便恢复人类控制。 该法案旨在保障拥有和使用计算资源的权利，并确保人类控制能够迅速恢复。曼达..." }, { "date": "17 February 2025", "title": "Community Privacy and Safety Act (Bill No. SB 420)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=S&legtype=B&legno=420&year=25", "description": "On 17 February 2025, the Community Privacy and Safety Act was introduced to the New Mexico Senate, aiming to strengthen consumer data protection. The Act requires platforms to set default high privacy settings and provide clear privacy information. It also seeks to ensure restrictions for minors, including limiting contact with unknown users and disabling notifications at certain hours. It also prohibits profiling, unnecessary data processing, dark patterns, and targeting sensitive data for a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社区隐私和安全法（法案编号 SB 420）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 17 日，《社区隐私和安全法案》被提交给新墨西哥州参议院，旨在加强消费者数据保护。该法案要求平台设置默认的高隐私设置并提供明确的隐私信息。它还寻求确保对未成年人的限制，包括限制与未知用户的接触以及在特定时间禁用通知。它还禁止分析、不必要的数据处理、暗模式以及针对敏感数据……" }, { "date": "21 May 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission inquiry into censorship practices by technology platforms", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/02/federal-trade-commission-launches-inquiry-tech-censorship", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) closes the public consultation on censorship practices by technology firms. The consultation sought to understand how platforms may have violated the law by restricting user's access based on their speech or affiliations. The inquiry applied to technology platforms, including social media companies, and focuses on how their actions, including bans, shadow bans, or demonetisation, may have harmed consumers and competition. The consultation sou...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对技术平台的审查做法进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 21 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 结束了有关科技公司审查做法的公众咨询。此次咨询旨在了解平台如何根据用户的言论或隶属关系限制用户的访问，从而违反了法律。该调查适用于包括社交媒体公司在内的技术平台，重点关注其行为（包括禁令、影子禁令或废钞令）可能如何损害消费者和竞争。此次咨询..." }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Act Concerning Privacy, Online Surveillance, Social Media and Data Brokers (SB 1356)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB01356&which_year=2025", "description": "On 20 February 2025, an Act Concerning Privacy, Online Surveillance, Social Media and Data Brokers (SB 1356) was introduced to the General Assembly. The Act would allow individuals to access, correct, delete, and obtain a portable copy of their information. Furthermore, it would grant consumers the right to opt out of targeted advertising, the sale of their data, and automated profiling that impacts significant life decisions such as employment and healthcare. The Act would impose obligations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《隐私、在线监控、社交媒体和数据经纪人法案》(SB 1356) 中的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，向大会提交了《关于隐私、在线监控、社交媒体和数据经纪人的法案》(SB 1356)。该法案将允许个人访问、更正、删除和获取其信息的便携式副本。此外，它将赋予消费者选择退出定向广告、出售其数据以及影响就业和医疗保健等重大生活决策的自动分析的权利。该法案将规定义务..." }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Performance monitoring requirement in Act amending Arkansas Code to regulate artificial intelligence and automated technologies in healthcare insurance (HB 1297)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=HB1297&chamber=House&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the Act amending Arkansas Code to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) and automated technologies in healthcare insurance (HB 1297) was introduced to the Arkansas House of Representatives. The Act seeks to regulate the use of AI, algorithms, and automated technologies in healthcare insurance. The Act requires biannual reporting and public disclosure of evaluations assessing the accuracy, reliability, and fairness of AI-based decision-making tools. The Act also mandate hea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《阿肯色州法典修正案》中的绩效监控要求，以监管医疗保险中的人工智能和自动化技术 (HB 1297)", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 29 日，向阿肯色州众议院提交了《阿肯色州法典》修订法案，以监管医疗保险中的人工智能 (AI) 和自动化技术 (HB 1297)。该法案旨在规范人工智能、算法和自动化技术在医疗保险中的使用。该法案要求每半年报告并公开披露评估基于人工智能的决策工具的准确性、可靠性和公平性。该法案还授权..." }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "Design requirements in Arkansas Digital Responsibility Safety and Trust Act (SB 258)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB258&chamber=Senate&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 19 February 2025, the Arkansas Digital Responsibility, Safety, and Trust Bill (SB 258) was introduced to the Senate, including design requirements. The Bill mandates responsible development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, particularly those classified as high-risk. High-risk AI systems are defined as those that make or substantially influence decisions producing legal or similarly significant effects concerning consumers, such as financial services, housing, healthc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿肯色州数字责任安全和信任法案 (SB 258) 中的设计要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 19 日，向参议院提交了《阿肯色州数字责任、安全和信任法案》(SB 258)，其中包括设计要求。该法案要求负责任地开发和部署人工智能（AI）系统，特别是那些被归类为高风险的系统。高风险人工智能系统被定义为那些做出或实质性影响对消费者产生法律或类似重大影响的决策的系统，例如金融服务、住房、医疗保健……" }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "Act amending Arizona Revised Statutes on unlawful disclosure of intimate images (Bill No. SB 1462)", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/82886", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the Act amending Arizona Revised Statutes regulating unlawful disclosure of intimate images was introduced to the Arizona Senate. The Act proposes amendments to Section 13-1425 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, to amend the regulation of unlawful disclosure of intimate images. The Act makes it illegal to intentionally disclose an image of another person who is identifiable and depicted in a state of nudity or engaged in specific sexual activities, provided the person had a ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改亚利桑那州修订法规关于非法披露亲密图像的法案（法案编号 SB 1462）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 4 日，向亚利桑那州参议院提交了修订《亚利桑那州修订法规》的法案，该法案规范了非法披露亲密图像的行为。该法案提议对《亚利桑那州修订法规》第 13-1425 条进行修订，以修订非法披露私密图像的规定。该法案规定，故意披露他人可识别的裸体图像或从事特定性活动的图像是非法的，前提是该人有..." }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "California Location Privacy Act (AB 1355)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1355", "description": "On 21 February 2025, Assembly Bill No. 1355, titled the California Location Privacy Act, was introduced to the California Assembly. The Bill proposes to regulate the collection and use of location information by covered entities, allowing collection only when necessary to provide requested goods or services and when the individual has expressly opted in. It includes restrictions such as prohibiting the collection of more precise data than needed, limiting data retention, banning the sale or t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州位置隐私法 (AB 1355)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，向加州议会提交了题为《加州位置隐私法案》的第 1355 号议会法案。该法案提议规范所涵盖实体对位置信息的收集和使用，仅在提供所请求的商品或服务必要时以及个人明确选择时才允许收集。它包括诸如禁止收集比需要的更精确的数据、限制数据保留、禁止销售或出售等限制。" }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Bill addressing use of genetic sequencing tools and storage of genetic sequencing data (HB 548)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0548.html", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the bill addressing use of genetic sequencing tools and storage of genetic sequencing data was introduced to the Utah House of Representatives. The bill establishes new requirements for the storage of genetic sequencing data within Utah. The bill mandates that genetic sequencing data must be stored within the United States, with remote access from outside the country restricted unless explicitly approved by the State Department. The legislation requires relevant entities ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中涉及基因测序工具的使用和基因测序数据存储的数据本地化要求 (HB 548)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 25 日，向犹他州众议院提交了涉及基因测序工具的使用和基因测序数据存储的法案。该法案对犹他州基因测序数据的存储提出了新的要求。该法案规定，基因测序数据必须存储在美国境内，除非得到国务院明确批准，否则从国外进行远程访问受到限制。该立法要求相关实体..." }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending the Business and Commerce Code to include smart device data collection transparency (Bill No. HB 3285)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB3285", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Bill amending the Business and Commerce Code to include smart device data collection transparency was introduced to the Texas House of Representatives. The Bill requires smart device manufacturers, sellers, and operators conducting business in Texas to provide users with detailed information about personal data collection. The Bill mandates the development of a mobile application that informs users about the nature, purpose, and storage of collected data, including b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《商业和商业法》的法案以纳入智能设备数据收集透明度（法案编号 HB 3285）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 25 日，向德克萨斯州众议院提交了修订《商业和商业法》以纳入智能设备数据收集透明度的法案。 该法案要求在德克萨斯州开展业务的智能设备制造商、销售商和运营商向用户提供有关个人数据收集的详细信息。该法案要求开发一款移动应用程序，告知用户所收集数据的性质、目的和存储，包括..." }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Digital Replication Rights (Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act - NO FAKES Act) (Bill No. SB 1025)", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB1025?ys=2025RS", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the Digital Replication Rights (Nurture Originals, Foster Art, and Keep Entertainment Safe Act - NO FAKES Act) was introduced to the Senate of Maryland. The Act aims to establish and protect the rights of individuals regarding the use of their voice or visual likeness in digital replicas. It would introduce a new section to the Commercial Law Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, creating \"Subtitle 17. Rights in Digital Replicas.\" The provision would enable individual...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字复制权（培育原创、促进艺术和保持娱乐安全法案 - 无假货法案）（法案编号 SB 1025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 6 日，《数字复制权》（培育原创、培育艺术和保持娱乐安全法案 - 无假货法案）被提交给马里兰州参议院。该法案旨在建立和保护个人在数字复制品中使用其声音或视觉肖像的权利。它将在马里兰州注释法典的商法条款中引入一个新的章节，创建“副标题 17：数字复制品的权利”。该规定将使个人..." }, { "date": "9 January 2025", "title": "Bill amending Business and Commerce Code to include disclosure requirements for data brokers (SB 1343)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=SB1343", "description": "On 1 September 2025, the Bill amending the Texas Business and Commerce Code enters into force. The Bill requires data brokers operating in Texas with websites or mobile applications to display a notice stating their status as data brokers and informing consumers of their rights under Chapter 541 of the Texas Statutes. Chapter 541 of the Texas Statutes addresses unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices by insurance companies. The Bill also mandates that registra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《商业和商业法》的法案，纳入数据经纪人的披露要求 (SB 1343)", "description_zh": "修订《德克萨斯州商业和商业法》的法案于 2025 年 9 月 1 日生效。该法案要求在德克萨斯州运营网站或移动应用程序的数据经纪人必须发布通知，说明其作为数据经纪人的身份，并告知消费者其根据德克萨斯州法规第 541 章享有的权利。 《德克萨斯州法规》第 541 章涉及保险公司的不公平竞争方法以及不公平或欺骗性行为或做法。 该法案还要求注册..." }, { "date": "2 March 2025", "title": "Bill prohibiting child pornography and unlawful dissemination of intimate images (AB 187)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/83rd2025/Bill/12157/Overview", "description": "On 3 February 2025, the bill prohibiting child pornography and unlawful dissemination of intimate images, which revises Nevada's laws relating to pornography, particularly involving minors was introduced at the Nevada Assembly. The bill expands existing prohibitions to include images of minors that have been altered using artificial intelligence (AI) to depict sexual conduct. The bill makes the preparation, advertisement, distribution, and possession of such materials a category B felony, wit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止儿童色情和非法传播亲密图像的法案（AB 187）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 3 日，内华达州议会提出了禁止儿童色情制品和非法传播亲密图像的法案，该法案修订了内华达州有关色情制品的法律，特别是涉及未成年人的法律。该法案扩大了现有的禁令，将使用人工智能 (AI) 修改的未成年人图像纳入其中，以描述性行为。该法案将准备、广告、分发和拥有此类材料定为 B 类重罪，其中..." }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Attorney General lawsuit against General Motors and OnStar over data collection practices (Case No. 54CV-25-11)", "url": "https://arkansasag.gov/news-release/attorney-general-griffin-sues-general-motors-and-onstar-for-deceiving-arkansans-and-unlawfully-selling-data/?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGY54_aG78xSmAvi-loL2dp0oodCUthGDgHYbR06wkQstf_9EzNDu05b8X9VYbsqxFoJKri_YNcWSwmjurAVTG_6kkzNOm3mZTqcWCgh7I0dP_SAw", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Attorney General of Arkansas filed a lawsuit against General Motors LLC (GM) and its subsidiary OnStar LLC for alleged violations of the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (Case No. 54CV-25-11).The legal complaint alleges that GM has been tracking detailed vehicle data, including location, speed, and driving behaviours, and has been selling this data to third-party brokers without obtaining informed consumer consent for a period exceeding 10 years. The lawsuit all...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长就数据收集行为对通用汽车和安吉星提起诉讼（案件编号：54CV-25-11）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 26 日，阿肯色州总检察长对通用汽车有限责任公司 (GM) 及其子公司 OnStar LLC 提起诉讼，指控其违反《阿肯色州欺骗性贸易行为法》（案件编号：54CV-25-11）。诉讼称，通用汽车一直在跟踪详细的车辆数据，包括位置、速度和驾驶行为，并在一段时间内未经消费者知情同意而将这些数据出售给第三方经纪人。超过10年。诉讼全..." }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Rumble and Trump Media & Technology Group lawsuit against the Supreme Federal Tribunal of Brazil over suspension and alleged free speech violations", "url": "https://static.poder360.com.br/2025/02/decisao-justica-eua-rumble-moraes-fev-2025.pdf", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida denied an Ex Parte Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) filed by Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. and Rumble Inc. against Justice Alexandre de Moraes of the Supreme Federal Tribunal of Brazil. The lawsuit sought to block the enforcement of directives issued by Justice Moraes, arguing that they had not been properly served under the Hague Convention or the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rumble 和特朗普媒体与科技集团就巴西最高联邦法庭停职和涉嫌侵犯言论自由提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 25 日，美国佛罗里达州中区地方法院驳回了 Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. 和 Rumble Inc. 针对巴西最高联邦法庭法官 Alexandre de Moraes 提出的单方面临时限制令 (TRO) 动议。该诉讼试图阻止莫赖斯法官发布的指令的执行，认为这些指令没有根据《海牙公约》或《司法互助条约》(MLAT..." }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Bill prohibiting AI usage for medical claim denials (HB 2175)", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/81873", "description": "On 20 February 2025, a Bill prohibiting AI usage for medical claim denials (HB 2175) was passed by the Arizona House of Representatives. The Bill would amend Title 20 of the Arizona Revised Statutes, specifically prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence to deny claims or prior authorisations related to medical necessity or other judgment-based decisions. Instead, a certified healthcare provider would need to individually review such claims.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止使用人工智能拒绝医疗索赔的法案 (HB 2175)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，亚利桑那州众议院通过了一项禁止使用人工智能拒绝医疗索赔的法案 (HB 2175)。该法案将修订《亚利桑那州修订法规》第 20 章，明确禁止使用人工智能来拒绝与医疗必要性或其他基于判断的决定相关的索赔或事先授权。相反，经过认证的医疗保健提供者需要单独审查此类声明。" }, { "date": "19 December 2024", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency investigation into PayDae and The Data Group over registration violations under Delete Act (SB 362)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2024/20241223.html", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) announced the settlement of its investigation into two data brokers, PayDae, Inc. (Infillion) and The Data Group, LLC, for failing to comply with the registration and fee payment requirements outlined in the Delete Act (SB 362). Infillion was fined USD 54,200 and The Data Group LLC USD 46,600 for not registering with the California Data Broker Registry by the required deadline. The Act requires data brokers, defined as busi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局对 PayDae 和 The Data Group 违反《删除法》(SB 362) 规定的注册行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 19 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 宣布结束对两家数据经纪商 PayDae, Inc. (Infillion) 和 The Data Group, LLC 的调查，原因是它们未能遵守《删除法案》(SB 362) 中规定的注册和费用支付要求。 Infillion 和 The Data Group LLC 因未在规定期限内向加州数据代理注册机构注册而被罚款 54,200 美元，The Data Group LLC 被罚款 46,600 美元。该法案要求数据经纪人，定义为商业..." }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Data protection requirement in Bill relating to social media use and parental consent (Bill No. HB 1275)", "url": "https://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1275&Session=2500", "description": "On 25 March 2025, bill relating to the use of social media and parental consent, including data protection requirement, was passed by the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The bill prohibits commercial entities from retaining user information after granting platform access. It restricts social media platforms from processing the personal information of minors if it could lead to physical, economic or privacy risks. Furthermore, the bill limits profiling to cases with safeguards and where nec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中有关社交媒体使用和家长同意的数据保护要求（法案编号 HB 1275）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 25 日，俄克拉荷马州众议院通过了有关社交媒体使用和家长同意（包括数据保护要求）的法案。该法案禁止商业实体在授予平台访问权限后保留用户信息。如果可能导致身体、经济或隐私风险，它限制社交媒体平台处理未成年人的个人信息。此外，该法案将分析仅限于有保障措施的案件以及必要的情况......" }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation for data brokers in Data Elimination and Limiting Extensive Tracking and Exchange Act (LB 602)", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59563", "description": "On 22 January 2025, the Data Elimination and Limiting Extensive Tracking and Exchange Act was introduced to the Nebraska Legislature. The Act stipulates that data brokers would be required to establish information security programmes with administrative, technical and physical safeguards based on their size and the type of data they handle. Preventive measures would include authentication protocols, access controls, encryption of data, and security training for employees and contractors. In a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数据消除和限制广泛跟踪和交换法案 (LB 602) 中数据经纪人的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 22 日，《数据消除和限制广泛跟踪和交换法案》被提交给内布拉斯加州立法机构。该法案规定，数据经纪人需要根据其规模和处理的数据类型建立信息安全计划，并提供行政、技术和物理保障。预防措施包括身份验证协议、访问控制、数据加密以及针对员工和承包商的安全培训。在一个..." }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "House Judiciary Committee investigation into Adobe over alleged government role in content moderation using artificial intelligence", "url": "https://judiciary.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicans-judiciary.house.gov/files/evo-media-document/2025-03-13-jdj-to-adobe-narayen-re-ai-censorship.pdf", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the House Judiciary Committee opened an investigation into Adobe over the government's role in content moderation using artificial intelligence (AI). The investigation seeks to assess potential collusion between the executive branch and AI companies, including Adobe, to moderate content and suppress lawful speech. Citing past findings on executive pressure on online platforms, the Committee has requested documents and communications from January 2020 to January 2025 regardin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "众议院司法委员会就 Adob​​e 涉嫌政府在使用人工智能进行内容审核方面的角色展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 13 日，众议院司法委员会就政府在使用人工智能 (AI) 进行内容审核方面的作用对 Adob​​e 展开调查。该调查旨在评估行政部门与 Adob​​e 等人工智能公司之间可能存在的串通行为，以控制内容并压制合法言论。委员会援引过去关于在线平台行政压力的调查结果，要求提供 2020 年 1 月至 2025 年 1 月有关……的文件和通讯。" }, { "date": "20 March 2025", "title": "New York State Attorney General investigation into Root over data breach affecting driver's licence data", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-secures-975000-auto-insurance-company-over-data-breach", "description": "On 20 March 2025, the New York State Attorney General (AG) announced a settlement with Root Insurance Company following a data breach affecting approximately 45’000 New Yorkers. The breach involved Root’s online quote tool, which allowed unauthenticated access to unmasked driver’s licence numbers through a prefill function. The Office of the AG found that Root had failed to implement specific safeguards, including rate-limiting, monitoring systems, and user authentication, which enabled autom...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约州总检察长对 Root 因影响驾驶执照数据的数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 20 日，纽约州总检察长 (AG) 宣布与 Root Insurance Company 就影响约 45,000 名纽约人的数据泄露事件达成和解。此次泄露涉及 Root 的在线报价工具，该工具允许通过预填充功能未经身份验证地访问未屏蔽的驾驶执照号码。总检察长办公室发现，Root 未能实施具体的保障措施，包括速率限制、监控系统和用户身份验证，这些保障措施使得自动..." }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Department of Health and Human Services revised security rule to strengthen cybersecurity of electronic protected health information", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/06/2024-30983/hipaa-security-rule-to-strengthen-the-cybersecurity-of-electronic-protected-health-information", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Department of Health and Human Services closes the consultation on revised security rule to strengthen cybersecurity of electronic protected health information under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. The Act sets national standards to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information, including through the security rule, which governs the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卫生与公众服务部修订安全规则以加强电子受保护健康信息的网络安全", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 7 日，卫生与公共服务部结束了关于修订安全规则的磋商，以根据《健康保险流通与责任法案》加强电子受保护健康信息的网络安全。该法案制定了保护个人医疗记录和其他个人健康信息的国家标准，包括通过安全规则来管理受保护的电子健康信息的机密性、完整性和可用性......" }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Guidance on right to deletion of genetic data for 23andMe consumers under the Genetic Information Privacy Act (GIPA) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-urgently-issues-consumer-alert-23andme-customers", "description": "On 21 March 2025, California Attorney General Rob Bonta issued guidance on the rights under the Genetic Information Privacy Act (GIPA) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) to request the deletion of genetic data from 23andMe, a genetic testing company. This announcement comes following 23andMe's financial instability, which may put sensitive data at risk of disclosure to third parties. Californians can download their data before requesting its deletion and destroy any stored genetic sam...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据《基因信息隐私法》(GIPA) 和《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA)，关于 23andMe 消费者删除基因数据的权利的指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 21 日，加州总检察长 Rob Bonta 发布了关于《基因信息隐私法》(GIPA) 和《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 规定的权利的指南，要求删除基因检测公司 23andMe 的基因数据。此公告是在 23andMe 财务不稳定之后发布的，这可能会使敏感数据面临向第三方泄露的风险。加州人可以在请求删除数据之前下载他们的数据并销毁任何存储的基因样本..." }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Act amending Consumer Protection Act with provisions on personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information (SB 754)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/SB754", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Act amending the Code of Virginia on Virginia Consumer Protection Act, including personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information enters into force. The Act prohibits the collection, sale, or disclosure of personally identifiable reproductive or sexual health information without consent. The Act defines such information across seven categories, including health conditions, surgical procedures, contraceptive use, and algorithmically inferred data, while exc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《消费者保护法》的法案中的数据保护规定，其中包含有关个人可识别生殖或性健康信息的条款 (SB 754)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，《弗吉尼亚州消费者保护法》修订法案生效，其中包括个人可识别的生殖或性健康信息。该法案禁止未经同意收集、出售或披露个人可识别的生殖或性健康信息。该法案将此类信息定义为七个类别，包括健康状况、外科手术、避孕药具的使用和算法推断的数据，同时排除……" }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Bill relating to consumer data privacy and online surveillance (Bill No. S.71)", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2026/S.71", "description": "On 27 March 2025, the Bill relating to consumer data privacy and online surveillance was passed by the Vermont Senate. The Bill applies to businesses that control or process the personal data of over 25,000 consumers annually or derive more than 50% of their gross revenue from data sales. It establishes a data protection framework and prohibits dark patterns while requiring transparency in data handling. Businesses must obtain consent for processing sensitive data and implement security safeg...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法案中有关消费者数据隐私和在线监控的数据保护规定（法案编号 S.71）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 27 日，佛蒙特州参议院通过了有关消费者数据隐私和在线监控的法案。该法案适用于每年控制或处理超过 25,000 名消费者的个人数据或从数据销售中获得超过 50% 总收入的企业。它建立了数据保护框架并禁止暗模式，同时要求数据处理的透明度。企业必须获得处理敏感数据的同意并实施安全保障..." }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending the Civil Code to include provisions on reporting of child sexual abuse material on social media platforms (Bill No. AB 1137)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1137", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Bill amending the Civil Code to include provisions on reporting of child sexual abuse material on social media platforms was introduced to the California Assembly. The Bill imposes obligations on social media platforms to address the presence of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The Bill requires platforms to provide accessible reporting mechanisms, ensure prompt human review, and communicate with the reporting user using their chosen contact method outside the plat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《民法典》的法案，纳入有关在社交媒体平台上报告儿童性虐待材料的条款（法案编号 AB 1137）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，向加州议会提交了修订《民法典》的法案，纳入了有关在社交媒体平台上报告儿童性虐待材料的条款。该法案规定社交媒体平台有义务解决儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的问题。该法案要求平台提供可访问的报告机制，确保及时进行人工审核，并使用报告用户在平台外选择的联系方式与他们进行沟通..." }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Bill amending Consumer Data Privacy Act including protection of health data as sensitive data (Bill No. HF 2700)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?f=HF2700&y=2025&ssn=0&b=house", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the Bill amending Consumer Data Privacy Act, including protection of sensitive data, was introduced to the Minnesota House of Representatives. The bill modifies the Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act to classify consumer health data as sensitive data and introduce additional protections for such data. The Bill applies to entities conducting business in the state or targeting Minnesota residents that process or control the personal data of at least 100,000 consumers annually...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《消费者数据隐私法》的法案，包括将健康数据作为敏感数据进行保护（法案编号 HF 2700）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 24 日，向明尼苏达州众议院提交了修订《消费者数据隐私法》（包括保护敏感数据）的法案。该法案修改了明尼苏达州消费者数据隐私法，将消费者健康数据归类为敏感数据，并对此类数据引入额外的保护。该法案适用于在该州开展业务或针对明尼苏达州居民、每年处理或控制至少 100,000 名消费者个人数据的实体……" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Establishment of new authorities in Children's Online Safety Act (SB 722)", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S722", "description": "On 25 March 2025, the Children's Online Safety Act of 2025 (S.B. 722) was introduced to the North Carolina Senate. The Children’s Online Safety Act would establish 3 new authorities in North Carolina to oversee online child safety. First, the Online Safety Division within the Department of Justice would investigate complaints, issue standards and guidelines, and coordinate advisory panels on internet safety. Second, the Cyberbullying Unit within the State Bureau of Investigation would operate...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在《儿童在线安全法》(SB 722) 中设立新的权力机构", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 25 日，《2025 年儿童在线安全法案》(S.B. 722) 被提交给北卡罗来纳州参议院。 《儿童在线安全法案》将在北卡罗来纳州设立 3 个新机构来监督在线儿童安全。首先，司法部的在线安全部门将调查投诉，发布标准和指南，并协调互联网安全咨询小组。其次，国家调查局的网络欺凌部门将运作……" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Design requirement in Social Media Algorithmic Control in IT Act (SB 514)", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S514", "description": "On 25 March 2025, the Social Media Control in IT Act (SB 514) was introduced to the Senate of North Carolina. The Act would require platforms to adopt specific design defaults aimed at protecting minors. These design defaults include the disablement of autoplay, the concealment of interaction metrics, and the deactivation of features that encourage prolonged engagement, such as rewards for time spent. The Act stipulates that, by default, minors must not be contactable by unapproved users, and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "IT 法案中社交媒体算法控制的设计要求 (SB 514)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 25 日，《IT 社交媒体控制法案》(SB 514) 被提交给北卡罗来纳州参议院。该法案将要求平台采用旨在保护未成年人的特定设计默认值。这些设计默认值包括禁用自动播放、隐藏交互指标以及停用鼓励长时间参与的功能，例如对所花费时间的奖励。该法案规定，默认情况下，未经批准的用户不得联系未成年人，并且……" }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Department of Justice compliance guide for Data Security Program implementing Executive Order 14117", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/media/1396356/dl", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Department of Justice issued a compliance guide for the Data Security Program (DSP), which came into effect on 8 April 2025. The DSP was established under Executive Order 14117 to address the risk of foreign adversaries accessing and exploiting US government-related data and bulk sensitive personal data. The guide provides instructions for US persons and entities on compliance with the DSP, which includes prohibitions on certain data transactions with designated countrie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部数据安全计划合规指南实施第 14117 号行政命令", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 11 日，司法部发布了数据安全计划 (DSP) 合规指南，该指南于 2025 年 4 月 8 日生效。DSP 是根据第 14117 号行政命令设立的，旨在解决外国对手访问和利用美国政府相关数据和大量敏感个人数据的风险。该指南为美国个人和实体提供有关遵守 DSP 的说明，其中包括禁止与指定国家/地区进行某些数据交易..." }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "National Security Division Implementation and Enforcement Policy of Data Security Program established by Executive Order 14117", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/media/1396346/dl?inline", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the National Security Division (NSD) released its Implementation and Enforcement Policy for the Data Security Program (DSP), established by Executive Order 14117 to prevent foreign adversaries from accessing US government-related and sensitive personal data. The DSP imposes prohibitions and restrictions on data transactions that pose national security risks, including data brokerage, employment agreements, and investment agreements, among others. The DSP's main provisions to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家安全部门根据第 14117 号行政命令制定的数据安全计划实施和执行政策", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 11 日，国家安全部门 (NSD) 发布了数据安全计划 (DSP) 的实施和执行政策，该政策是根据第 14117 号行政命令制定的，旨在防止外国对手访问美国政府相关的敏感个人数据。 DSP 对构成国家安全风险的数据交易实施禁止和限制，包括数据经纪、就业协议和投资协议等。 DSP 的主要规定..." }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Commodity Futures Trading Commission advisory on increased criminal use of generative AI to commit fraud", "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9056-25", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) issued a customer advisory warning that generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used by fraudsters to carry out convincing scams. The advisory, titled Criminals Increasing Use of Generative AI to Commit Fraud, builds on findings from a December 2024 public service announcement issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It outlines how perpetrators use AI tools to create synthetic images, voices, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "商品期货交易委员会关于犯罪分子利用生成式人工智能进行欺诈的情况增加的咨询", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 19 日，商品期货交易委员会 (CFTC) 发布客户咨询警告称，欺诈者越来越多地利用生成式人工智能 (AI) 来实施令人信服的骗局。该咨询报告题为“犯罪分子越来越多地使用生成式人工智能进行欺诈”，该咨询报告以联邦调查局 (FBI) 2024 年 12 月发布的公共服务公告的调查结果为基础。它概述了犯罪者如何使用人工智能工具创建合成图像、声音……" }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Department of Justice investigation under False Claims Act into MORSECORP Inc. over alleged cybersecurity non-compliance in defence contracts", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/defense-contractor-morsecorp-inc-agrees-pay-46-million-settle-cybersecurity-fraud", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a settlement with MORSECORP Inc. (MORSE), a service provider based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, resolving allegations of violations under the False Claims Act. The settlement requires MORSE to pay USD 4.6 million in connection with cybersecurity non-compliance in contracts with the US Departments of the Army and Air Force. Between January 2018 and February 2023, MORSE allegedly failed to fully implement cybersecurity co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部根据《虚假申报法》对 MORSECORP Inc. 涉嫌国防合同中网络安全违规行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 26 日，美国司法部 (DOJ) 宣布与总部位于马萨诸塞州剑桥的服务提供商 MORSECORP Inc. (MORSE) 达成和解，解决了违反《虚假申报法》的指控。该和解协议要求 MORSE 因未遵守与美国陆军和空军合同中的网络安全规定而支付 460 万美元。据称，2018 年 1 月至 2023 年 2 月期间，MORSE 未能全面实施网络安全协议..." }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Attorney general guidance on deletion of genetic data following 23andMe bankruptcy", "url": "https://oag.dc.gov/release/consumer-alert-warning-23andme-customers-their", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia issued a consumer alert to 23andMe users in the District following the company’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing on 23 March 2025. The alert advises residents that their genetic data may be at risk of transfer or sale during bankruptcy proceedings and outlines specific steps they can take to manage their information. These include deleting genetic data through their online account, revoking previously granted resea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "23andMe 破产后删除基因数据的总检察长指南", "description_zh": "继该公司于 2025 年 3 月 23 日根据第 11 章申请破产后，哥伦比亚特区总检察长办公室于 2025 年 3 月 26 日向该地区的 23andMe 用户发布了消费者警报。该警报建议居民，他们的基因数据在破产程序期间可能面临转让或出售的风险，并概述了他们可以采取的管理信息的具体步骤。其中包括通过其在线帐户删除遗传数据、撤销先前授予的研究..." }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "FCC inquiry into promoting GPS complements", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-25-20A1.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) closes its consultation as part of its inquiry into potential actions to support the development of technologies that complement the Global Positioning System (GPS). The inquiry aims to gather input on how to strengthen America's positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems by incentivising the deployment of alternative and complementary technologies. The FCC invited comments on how such systems could operate alongside GPS to fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCC 对推广 GPS 配件的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 结束咨询，作为其对支持全球定位系统 (GPS) 补充技术开发的潜在行动调查的一部分。该调查旨在收集有关如何通过激励替代和补充技术的部署来加强美国定位、导航和授时（PNT）系统的意见。 FCC 邀请评论者就此类系统如何与 GPS 一起运行以实现..." }, { "date": "25 April 2025", "title": "Bill on Protections for Users of Social Media (SB 25-086)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25-086", "description": "On 25 April 2025, the Colorado Senate voted to override the Governor's veto on Senate Bill 25-086, the Bill on Protections for Users of Social Media. The Bill was successfully passed by the Senate and is now pending consideration by the House of Representatives. As enrolled, the Bill includes a legislative declaration highlighting the General Assembly's findings that criminal activity, including minors' access to illicit substances and firearms and their victimisation through sexually exploit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "社交媒体用户保护法案 (SB 25-086)", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 25 日，科罗拉多州参议院投票推翻了州长对参议院第 25-086 号法案（《社交媒体用户保护法案》）的否决。该法案已在参议院顺利通过，目前正等待众议院审议。在登记时，该法案包括一项立法声明，强调大会的调查结果，即犯罪活动，包括未成年人获取非法物质和枪支以及他们因性剥削而受害......" }, { "title": "Restrictions on targeted advertising in Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act (HB 1717)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=HB1717&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act enters into force, including restrictions on targeted advertising. The Act prohibits the use of children’s or teens’ data for targeted advertising unless it is explicitly permitted by law or necessary to provide a requested service. It also highlights that operators are barred from inferring age or identity for the purpose of advertising and must not condition access to services on the acceptance of advertising-related prac...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法》(HB 1717) 中对定向广告的限制", "description_zh": "《儿童和青少年在线隐私保护法》于 2026 年 7 月 1 日生效，其中包括对定向广告的限制。该法案禁止将儿童或青少年的数据用于有针对性的广告，除非法律明确允许或有必要提供所请求的服务。它还强调，运营商不得出于广告目的推断年龄或身份，并且不得以接受与广告相关的做法为条件来获取服务。" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "Attorney General of Texas investigation into TP-Link, Alibaba, CapCut, and other Chinese and CCP-affiliated companies over alleged violation of Texas privacy laws", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-investigates-whether-major-tech-company-allowing-chinese-government", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Attorney General of Texas announced an investigation into TP Link, a networking equipment manufacturer, concerning potential risks related to data access by foreign governments. TP Link, founded in Shenzhen, China, is among the largest suppliers of office networking devices in the United States and has established a subsidiary headquartered in California. The Attorney General’s office indicated that the investigation will assess the accuracy of the company’s statements ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 TP-Link、阿里巴巴、CapCut 以及其他中国和中共附属公司涉嫌违反德克萨斯州隐私法进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 6 日，德克萨斯州总检察长宣布对网络设备制造商 TP Link 进行调查，调查涉及外国政府数据访问相关的潜在风险。 TP Link 成立于中国深圳，是美国最大的办公网络设备供应商之一，并在加州设立了子公司。总检察长办公室表示，调查将评估该公司声明的准确性......" }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Commodity Futures Trading Commission on extension of daily trade data reporting obligations under Regulation 16.02 (OMB Control No. 3038-0061)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/05/09/2025-08155/agency-information-collection-activities-notice-of-intent-to-extend-collection-3038-0061-daily-trade", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) closes its public comment period on the proposed extension of Information Collection 3038–0061, titled “Regulation 16.02—Daily Trade and Supporting Data Reports.” The related notice, published in the Federal Register (Vol. 90, No. 89) on 9 May 2025, invited feedback on the continued requirement for Reporting Markets, including Designated Contract Markets, to submit transaction-level trade data and related order information to the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "商品期货交易委员会关于延长第 16.02 条规定的每日交易数据报告义务（OMB 控制编号 3038-0061）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 8 日，商品期货交易委员会 (CFTC) 结束了关于拟议延长信息收集 3038-0061（题为“条例 16.02 - 每日交易和支持数据报告”）的公众评议期。相关通知于 2025 年 5 月 9 日在《联邦公报》（第 90 卷第 89 期）上发布，邀请就继续要求报告市场（包括指定合约市场）向联邦公报提交交易级贸易数据和相关订单信息提供反馈。" }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "Government access to data requirement in Florida Social Media Use By Minors Bill (SB 868/HB 743)", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2025/743/ByVersion", "description": "On 3 May 2025, the Social Media Use by Minors Bill (SB 868/HB 743) was rejected in the Florida State House. The Bill would have required social media platforms to disable encryption so that law enforcement could view messages relevant to a felony criminal investigation involving minors. The Bill did not outline consequences for social media platforms should they fail to comply.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛罗里达州未成年人社交媒体使用法案 (SB 868/HB 743) 中政府获取数据的要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 3 日，《未成年人社交媒体使用法案》(SB 868/HB 743) 在佛罗里达州议会被否决。该法案将要求社交媒体平台禁用加密，以便执法部门可以查看与涉及未成年人的重罪刑事调查相关的消息。该法案没有概述社交媒体平台不遵守规定的后果。" }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Moratorium on the enforcement of state and local laws regulating Artificial Intelligence in Budget Reconciliation Bill 2025/One Big Beautiful Bill Act (HR 1)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/all-actions", "description": "On 3 July 2025, the Budget reconciliation Bill was adopted following the House of Representatives' motion agreeing to the Senate amendments. The Senate previously voted to remove the 10-year moratorium on state and local enforcement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulations. The original text had allowed exceptions for laws that support AI deployment, streamline procedures, or apply neutral, cost-based rules similar to those governing non-AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "暂停执行 2025 年预算协调法案/一项美丽法案法案中监管人工智能的州和地方法律 (HR 1)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 3 日，在众议院议案同意参议院修正案后，预算调节法案获得通过。参议院此前投票决定取消州和地方人工智能 (AI) 法规执行 10 年的暂停。原始文本允许支持人工智能部署、简化程序或应用类似于管理非人工智能系统的中立、基于成本的规则的法律例外。" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency response opposing federal moratorium on state Artificial Intelligence privacy laws in budget reconciliation bill", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/cppa_letter_opossing_budget_recon_enforce.pdf", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) submitted a response to the United States House Energy and Commerce Committee opposing Section 43201(c) and (d) of the Budget Reconciliation Bill. The CPPA states that the provisions would establish a federal moratorium on the enforcement of state laws regulating artificial intelligence and automated decision-making systems. Furthermore, the measure would apply to technology companies operating under state-level privacy framework...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局回应反对联邦在预算协调法案中暂停州人工智能隐私法", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 向美国众议院能源和商务委员会提交了反对预算协调法案第 43201(c) 和 (d) 条的回应。 CPPA 指出，这些条款将规定联邦暂停执行监管人工智能和自动决策系统的州法律。此外，该措施将适用于在国家级隐私框架下运营的科技公司......" }, { "date": "5 July 2025", "title": "Public procurement blacklisting in Protection Against Foreign Adversarial Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025 (SB 1638)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1638/all-actions", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the Protection Against Foreign Adversarial Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025 (SB 1638) was introduced to the United States Senate. The Bill proposes a prohibition on the use of the DeepSeek application, and any successor applications developed by High Flyer or its affiliates, by federal contractors in fulfilling government contracts. The Bill would blacklists DeepSeek and affiliated services from public procurement processes, with the exception of case-by-case waivers granted...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年《防止外国对抗性人工智能法案》(SB 1638) 中的公共采购黑名单", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 7 日，《2025 年防止外国对抗性人工智能法案》(SB 1638) 被提交给美国参议院。该法案提议禁止联邦承包商在履行政府合同时使用 DeepSeek 应用程序以及 High Flyer 或其附属公司开发的任何后续应用程序。该法案将把 DeepSeek 和附属服务列入公共采购流程的黑名单，但授予的逐案豁免除外……" }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Bill to prohibit nonconsensual creation or alteration of private images of individuals in Alabama (HB 161)", "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2024RS/HB161-enr.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2024, a Bill prohibiting the nonconsensual creation or alteration of private images of individuals (HB 161) enters into force. The Bill amends Section 13A-6-240 of the Code of Alabama 1975 to criminalise the creation, recording, or alteration of private images without consent, where a reasonable expectation of privacy exists, and provides penalties for violations, including escalating charges for repeat offences. It also includes safe harbor provisions stating that internet servi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止未经同意创建或更改阿拉巴马州个人私人图像的法案 (HB 161)", "description_zh": "禁止未经同意创建或更改个人私人图像的法案 (HB 161) 于 2024 年 10 月 1 日生效。该法案修订了 1975 年《阿拉巴马州法典》第 13A-6-240 条，将在存在合理的隐私预期的情况下，将未经同意创建、记录或更改私人图像的行为定为刑事犯罪，并规定了对违法行为的处罚，包括升级对重复犯罪的指控。它还包括安全港条款，规定互联网服务..." }, { "date": "2 May 2025", "title": "Act on parental consent and content restrictions for minors on social media (HB 6857)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB06857&which_year=2025", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the Act Concerning the Attorney General's Recommendations Regarding Social Media and Minors (Raised Bill No. 6857) was introduced to the Connecticut House of Representatives. The Act would apply to operators of online platforms that recommend content based on user data and are likely to be accessed by users under 18. It would prohibit such platforms from displaying algorithmically selected content to minors without age verification or verifiable parental consent. The Act w...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于社交媒体上未成年人的父母同意和内容限制的法案 (HB 6857)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 5 日，《总检察长关于社交媒体和未成年人的建议法案》（拟议法案第 6857 号）被提交给康涅狄格州众议院。该法案将适用于根据用户数据推荐内容且可能被 18 岁以下用户访问的在线平台运营商。该法案将禁止此类平台在未经年龄验证或可验证的父母同意的情况下向未成年人显示通过算法选择的内容。该法案..." }, { "date": "22 April 2025", "title": "Bill to expand criminal offences related to child sexual abuse material in amendments to the Arkansas Protection of Children Against Exploitation Act (HB 1877/Act 977)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=hb1877&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 22 April 2025, the Governor of Arkansas signed House Bill 1877 into law as Act 977 of 2025, enacting amendments to the Arkansas Protection of Children Against Exploitation Act of 1979. The Law expands criminal offences related to child sexual abuse material (CSAM) by prohibiting the possession of computer-generated visual or print media that is indistinguishable from the image of a real child engaged in sexually explicit conduct. It introduces statutory definitions for “computer generated,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在《阿肯色州保护儿童免遭剥削法》（HB 1877/Act 977）修正案中扩大与儿童性虐待材料相关的刑事犯罪的法案", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 22 日，阿肯色州州长将 1877 年众议院法案签署为法律，成为 2025 年第 977 号法案，颁布了 1979 年《阿肯色州保护儿童免遭剥削法案》的修正案。该法律通过禁止拥有与真实儿童从事露骨性行为的图像无法区分的计算机生成的视觉或印刷媒体，扩大了与儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 相关的刑事犯罪行为。它引入了“计算机生成的……”的法定定义。" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations Community Vision 2045 on Resilient, Innovative, Dynamic, and People-Centred ASEAN", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/05.-ASEAN-Community-Vision-2045_adopted.pdf", "description": "On 26 May 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted the ASEAN Community Vision 2045 on Resilient, Innovative, Dynamic, and People-Centred ASEAN. The outline emphasises enhanced ASEAN Connectivity, which includes sustainable infrastructure, digital innovation, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. The vision also focuses on developing a leading digital and technological Community with an open, secure, and interoperable digital ecosystem, and aims for economic resili...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东南亚国家联盟 2045 年共同体愿景：有弹性、创新、充满活力和以人为本的东盟", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 26 日，东南亚国家联盟（东盟）通过了《2045 年东盟共同体愿景》，即打造一个有韧性、创新性、活力和以人为本的东盟。该纲要强调加强东盟互联互通，其中包括可持续基础设施、数字创新、人工智能和网络安全。该愿景还侧重于开发一个具有开放、安全和可互操作的数字生态系统的领先数字和技术社区，并旨在实现经济弹性..." }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "Association of Southeast Asian Nations Political-Security Community Strategic Plan", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/06.-APSC-Strategic-Plan_adopted.pdf", "description": "On 26 May 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) Strategic Plan as part of the broader ASEAN Community Vision 2045 framework. The plan applies to providers of digital infrastructure, cybersecurity services, and Information and communications technology (ICT) -related economic activities, particularly for cross-border data flows and critical infrastructure. The plan promotes the exchange of information on cyber threats, th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东南亚国家联盟政治安全共同体战略计划", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 26 日，东南亚国家联盟 (ASEAN) 通过了东盟政治安全共同体 (APSC) 战略计划，作为更广泛的东盟共同体 2045 年愿景框架的一部分。该计划适用于数字基础设施、网络安全服务以及信息和通信技术（ICT）相关经济活动的提供商，特别是跨境数据流和关键基础设施。该计划促进有关网络威胁的信息交流，..." }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Strategic Plan", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/08.-ASCC-Strategic-Plan_adopted.pdf", "description": "On 26 May 2025, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Strategic Plan during the 46th ASEAN Summit. The plan applies to digital and media service providers, educational institutions, and public-private-people partnerships. It aims to expand information and communications technology access and address the exploitation of women and children online. It promotes digital innovation, stronger connectivity, and efforts to bridge the digit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东盟社会文化共同体战略计划", "description_zh": "2025年5月26日，东南亚国家联盟（东盟）在第46届东盟峰会期间通过了东盟社会文化共同体（ASCC）战略计划。该计划适用于数字和媒体服务提供商、教育机构以及公私合作伙伴关系。它的目的是扩大信息和通信技术的使用范围，并解决在线剥削妇女和儿童的问题。它促进数字创新、更强的连通性以及搭建数字桥梁的努力……" }, { "date": "21 April 2025", "title": "Lawsuit alleging privacy violations by data collection (Briskin v. Shopify, Inc.) (No. 22-15815)", "url": "https://www.uschamber.com/cases/jurisdiction-and-procedure/briskin-v-shopify-inc", "description": "On 20 May 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed the Northern District of California’s dismissal of Briskin v. Shopify Inc. (No. 22-15815) for lack of personal jurisdiction. The court held that Shopify’s alleged conduct, including using geolocation tools to place cookies on a California user’s device and collecting transaction data through third-party websites, established sufficient minimum contacts with California. Applying the Calder “effects” test, the cou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指控数据收集侵犯隐私的诉讼（Briskin 诉 Shopify, Inc.）（编号 22-15815）", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 20 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院推翻了加州北区以缺乏属人管辖权为由驳回 Briskin 诉 Shopify Inc.（编号 22-15815）一案的裁决。法院认为，Shopify 涉嫌的行为，包括使用地理定位工具在加州用户的设备上放置 cookie 以及通过第三方网站收集交易数据，与加州建立了足够的最低限度的联系。应用考尔德“效应”测试，..." }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Act Prohibiting Content Providers from Allowing Access to Child Sexual Abuse Material in Montana (HB 752)", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1729?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Bill on Prohibiting Content Providers from Allowing Access to Child Sexual Abuse Material in Montana (HB 752) comes into force. The Bill prohibits content providers from making child sexual abuse material (CSAM) accessible in the state of Montana. The Bill defines 'content providers' as entities that create, produce, publish, distribute or store visual content. It explicitly excludes internet service providers, search engines and infrastructure operators, unless they ar...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州禁止内容提供商获取儿童性虐待材料的法案 (HB 752)", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，蒙大拿州禁止内容提供商获取儿童性虐待材料的法案 (HB 752) 生效。该法案禁止内容提供商在蒙大拿州提供儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM)。该法案将“内容提供商”定义为创建、制作、发布、分发或存储视觉内容的实体。它明确排除互联网服务提供商、搜索引擎和基础设施运营商，除非他们..." }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Act creating the crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media (SB 413)", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Act creating the crime of disclosing explicit synthetic media (SB 413) entered into force. The Act criminalises the knowing or purposeful disclosure of synthetic media (deepfakes) depicting identifiable individuals in sexual conduct or showing intimate body parts without consent and with knowledge or intent to cause substantial emotional distress, harass, intimidate, threaten, injure, or extort the portrayed individual. The Act defines explicit synthetic media as images or...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "制定披露露骨合成媒体罪的法案 (SB 413)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，制定披露露骨合成媒体罪的法案 (SB 413) 生效。该法案将明知或故意披露合成媒体（深度伪造）的行为定为刑事犯罪，该合成媒体在未经同意的情况下描绘可识别个人的性行为或展示私密的身体部位，并且明知或意图造成严重的情绪困扰、骚扰、恐吓、威胁、伤害或勒索所描绘的个人。该法案将明确的合成媒体定义为图像或......" }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Bill defining and authorising civil action against revenge pornography (SB 360) in Maryland", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB0360?ys=2025RS", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Act defining and authorising civil action against revenge pornography (SB 360) enters into force. The Act allows individuals to bring civil claims, including for defamation per se or invasion of privacy, where a computer-generated image falsely depicts them with exposed intimate parts or engaged in sexual activity without their consent. The Act amends the existing criminal offence of non-consensual pornography to include computer-generated visual representations that are i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案定义并授权马里兰州针对色情报复采取民事诉讼 (SB 360)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，定义和授权针对色情报复采取民事诉讼的法案 (SB 360) 生效。该法案允许个人提出民事索赔，包括诽谤本身或侵犯隐私，如果计算机生成的图像错误地描绘了他们暴露的私密部位或未经他们同意进行性活动。该法案修订了现有的非自愿色情刑事犯罪，将计算机生成的视觉表现纳入其中……" }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Bill codifying grooming as distinct offence and expanding child sexual abuse provisions to include digital depictions (HB 82) in Montana", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC0232?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Act codifying grooming as a distinct offence and expanding child sexual abuse provisions to include digital depictions (HB 82) enters into force in Montana. The Act revises multiple provisions of Montana law concerning crimes involving minors. It expands the offence of sexual abuse of children to include computer-generated and simulated child pornography and updates statutory definitions to reflect technological developments. The Act introduces a new criminal offence of gr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案将蒙大拿州的诱骗行为列为独特的犯罪行为，并扩大儿童性虐待条款，将数字描述纳入其中 (HB 82)", "description_zh": "该法案于 2025 年 7 月 1 日在蒙大拿州生效，该法案将诱骗行为定为一项独特的犯罪行为，并扩大了儿童性虐待条款，将数字描绘纳入其中 (HB 82)。该法案修订了蒙大拿州法律中涉及未成年人犯罪的多项条款。它将对儿童的性虐待犯罪范围扩大到包括计算机生成和模拟的儿童色情制品，并更新了法定定义以反映技术发展。该法案引入了一项新的刑事犯罪..." }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Bill criminalising the use of real and digitally fabricated sexually explicit images (HB 514) in Montana", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC3972?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Act revising privacy in communications law to address threats involving real or digitally fabricated intimate imagery (HB 514) enters into force in Montana. The Act amends Section 45-8-213 of the Montana Code to expand the offence of violating privacy in communications to include the possession and threatened disclosure of real or digitally fabricated depictions of sexual conduct or intimate imagery of identifiable individuals without their consent, for the purpose of o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州将使用真实和数字制作的露骨色情图片定为犯罪的法案 (HB 514)", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，修订通信法隐私权以应对涉及真实或数字伪造亲密图像的威胁的法案 (HB 514) 在蒙大拿州生效。该法案修订了《蒙大拿州法典》第 45-8-213 条，将通信中侵犯隐私的犯罪范围扩大到包括未经个人同意而拥有并威胁披露真实或数字捏造的性行为描述或可识别个人的亲密图像，以..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Bill relating to crimes involving child sexual abuse images (Bill No. SB 564)", "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_status.aspx?lsr=3089&sy=2024&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2024&txtbillnumber=SB564", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Bill relating to crimes involving child sexual abuse images entered into force. The Bill applies to entities involved in the production or distribution of sexually explicit visual depictions that feature or appear to feature minors. It expands the definition of a “child” to include not only actual individuals under 18 but also any image that is indistinguishable from a minor, such as realistic computer-generated depictions. “Indistinguishable” is defined as a visual rep...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关涉及儿童性虐待图像的犯罪的法案（法案编号 SB 564）", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，涉及儿童性虐待图像犯罪的法案生效。该法案适用于参与制作或传播以未成年人为主角或看似以未成年人为主角的露骨色情视觉描绘的实体。它将“儿童”的定义扩展为不仅包括 18 岁以下的实际个人，还包括任何与未成年人无法区分的图像，例如计算机生成的真实描绘。 “难以区分”被定义为视觉表现..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Bill amending the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to prohibit sale of geolocation data and children's personal data (HB 2008)", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/HB2008", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Bill amending the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to prohibit sale of geolocation data and children’s personal data (HB 2008) enters into force. The Bill amends ORS 646A.578 to modify provisions on the collection, processing, and sale of personal data. It requires controllers to specify the purposes of collection in a privacy notice, limit data collection to what is adequate, relevant, and reasonably necessary, and implement safeguards to protect the confidentiality, integr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订俄勒冈州消费者隐私法的法案，禁止出售地理位置数据和儿童个人数据 (HB 2008)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，修订《俄勒冈州消费者隐私法》的法案生效，该法案禁止出售地理位置数据和儿童个人数据 (HB 2008)。该法案修订了 ORS 646A.578，修改了有关个人数据收集、处理和销售的规定。它要求控制者在隐私声明中指定收集的目的，将数据收集限制在充分、相关和合理必要的范围内，并实施保护措施以保护机密性、完整性……" }, { "date": "6 September 2025", "title": "Lawsuit by US states and DC against 23andMe over alleged failure to obtain consent for data sale", "url": "https://www.doj.state.or.us/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Dkt-1-Complaint.pdf", "description": "On 9 June 2025, twenty-seven US states and the District of Columbia filed a complaint in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Missouri against 23andMe Holding Co. and 23andMe Inc. The complaint seeks a declaratory judgment regarding the validity and extent of 23andMe's interest in customers' genetic material and related data. It challenges whether the companies possess sufficient rights to sell and transfer customers' biological material, genotype data (DNA code and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国各州和华盛顿特区对 23andMe 提起诉讼，指控其未获得数据销售同意", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 9 日，美国二十七个州和哥伦比亚特区向密苏里州东区美国破产法院提起针对 23andMe Holding Co. 和 23andMe Inc. 的诉状。该诉状寻求就 23andMe 对客户遗传物质和相关数据的利益的有效性和程度做出宣告性判决。它挑战公司是否拥有足够的权利来销售和转让客户的生物材料、基因型数据（DNA 代码和..." }, { "date": "6 June 2025", "title": "Executive Order Sustaining Select Efforts to Strengthen the Nation's Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/sustaining-select-efforts-to-strengthen-the-nations-cybersecurity-and-amending-executive-order-13694-and-executive-order-14144/", "description": "On 6 June 2025, the President issued an Executive Order titled “Sustaining Select Efforts to Strengthen the Nation’s Cybersecurity and Amending Executive Order 13694 and Executive Order 14144”. The Order modifies certain initiatives from previous Executive Orders and outlines cybersecurity priorities. Its aims include focusing on securing third-party software supply chains, quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and directing cybersecurity-re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "维持加强国家网络安全的特定努力并修订第 13694 号行政命令和第 14144 号行政命令的行政命令", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 6 日，总统发布了一项题为“持续加强国家网络安全并修订第 13694 号行政命令和第 14144 号行政命令”的行政命令。该命令修改了之前行政命令中的某些举措，并概述了网络安全优先事项。其目标包括专注于保护第三方软件供应链、量子密码学、人工智能 (AI) 和物联网 (IoT) 设备，并指导网络安全修复..." }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Measures to address digital services taxes considered discriminatory in Budget Reconciliation Bill 2025/One Big Beautiful Bill Act (HR 1)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text/rh", "description": "On 3 July 2025, the Budget Reconciliation Bill was adopted following the House of Representatives' motion agreeing to the Senate amendments. The Bill had previously included measures to address digital services taxes considered discriminatory. It introduced provisions addressing such taxes by defining \"discriminatory tax\" in Section 899(d)(4)(A). The term includes taxes imposed by foreign countries that apply disproportionately to nonresident individuals and foreign corporations, particularly...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "解决《2025 年预算调节法案》/《一项美丽法案》中被视为歧视性的数字服务税的措施 (HR 1)", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 3 日，在众议院议案同意参议院修正案后，预算协调法案获得通过。该法案此前曾包括解决被视为歧视性的数字服务税的措施。它通过在第 899(d)(4)(A) 条中定义“歧视性税收”来引入解决此类税收的条款。该术语包括外国征收的税收，这些税收不成比例地适用于非居民个人和外国公司，特别是......" }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "My Body, My Data Act of 2025 (Bill No. HR 3916)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3916/text?s=9&r=301", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the My Body, My Data Act of 2025 to protect the privacy of personal reproductive and sexual health information was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act applies to regulated entities under the Federal Trade Commission’s jurisdiction, excluding certain health providers covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act . It restricts the collection, use, and disclosure of such data to what is strictly necessary for requested services. It also gran...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年《我的身体、我的数据法案》（法案编号 HR 3916）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 11 日，向众议院提交了旨在保护个人生殖和性健康信息隐私的《2025 年我的身体、我的数据法案》。该法案适用于联邦贸易委员会管辖范围内的受监管实体，不包括《健康保险流通与责任法案》涵盖的某些医疗服务提供者。它将此类数据的收集、使用和披露限制在所请求的服务严格必要的范围内。它还大..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Consumer Affairs Division rules implementing New Jersey Data Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/News/Pages/06022025.aspx", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Office of the Attorney General closes consultation on proposed rules implementing New Jersey Data Privacy Act. The Act applies to data controllers handling New Jersey consumers’ personal data during business transactions. The rules require controllers to notify consumers about data collection and sharing, offer rights to access, correct, delete, and port their data, limit data collection to what is necessary, enable universal opt-out mechanisms, and obtain consent before...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者事务部规定实施新泽西数据隐私法", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 1 日，总检察长办公室结束对实施新泽西州数据隐私法的拟议规则的磋商。该法案适用于在商业交易期间处理新泽西州消费者个人数据的数据控制者。这些规则要求控制者通知消费者有关数据收集和共享的信息，提供访问、更正、删除和移植其数据的权利，将数据收集限制在必要的范围内，启用通用选择退出机制，并在……之前获得同意。" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Public procurement regulation in No Adversarial AI Act (HR 4142)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4142/all-actions?s=1&r=4", "description": "On 25 June 2025, the No Adversarial AI Act (HR 4142) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill mandates the Federal Acquisition Security Council to develop a list of AI produced or developed by foreign adversaries within 60 days of enactment and publish it within 180 days, requiring updates every 180 days. Executive agencies are prohibited from acquiring or using listed foreign adversary AI, though exceptions are permitted for specific purposes such as scientifically valid rese...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《无对抗性人工智能法案》中的公共采购监管 (HR 4142)", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 25 日，《无对抗性人工智能法案》(HR 4142) 被提交众议院。该法案要求联邦采办安全委员会在颁布后 60 天内制定一份由外国对手生产或开发的人工智能清单，并在 180 天内发布，要求每 180 天更新一次。禁止执行机构获取或使用列出的外国对手人工智能，但出于特定目的（例如科学有效的研究）允许例外。" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency advisory on potential malicious cyber activity by Iranian-affiliated actors targeting vulnerable US critical infrastructure", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2025-06/joint-fact-sheet-Iranian-cyber-actors-may-target-vulnerable-US-networks-and-entities-of-interest-508c-1.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2025, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3), and National Security Agency (NSA) adopted an advisory warning on potential malicious cyber activity by Iranian-affiliated actors targeting vulnerable US critical infrastructure. The advisory highlights the increased risk of cyber operations, including exploitation of unpatched software, weak passwords, website defacements, data l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全和基础设施安全局就伊朗附属行为者针对脆弱的美国关键基础设施的潜在恶意网络活动提供咨询", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 30 日，网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA)、联邦调查局 (FBI)、国防部网络犯罪中心 (DC3) 和国家安全局 (NSA) 针对伊朗附属行为体针对脆弱的美国关键基础设施的潜在恶意网络活动发出了咨询警告。该通报强调了网络操作风险的增加，包括利用未修补的软件、弱密码、网站篡改、数据泄露……" }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Attorney General investigation into TicketNetwork over alleged violations of the Connecticut Data Privacy Act pertaining to data transparency", "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/ag/press-releases/2025-press-releases/attorney-general-tong-announces-settlement-with-ticketnetwork", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the Attorney General of Connecticut announced a settlement with TicketNetwork for violations of the Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA). The CTDPA applies to businesses that control or process personal data of Connecticut residents, particularly those exceeding USD 25 million in annual revenue or handling data of over 100,000 consumers. Under the settlement, TicketNetwork must comply with the CTDPA’s transparency and consumer rights obligations. The obligations include mainta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长对 TicketNetwork 涉嫌违反《康涅狄格州数据隐私法》有关数据透明度的行为展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 8 日，康涅狄格州总检察长宣布与 TicketNetwork 就违反康涅狄格州数据隐私法 (CTDPA) 的行为达成和解。 CTDPA 适用于控制或处理康涅狄格州居民个人数据的企业，特别是年收入超过 2500 万美元或处理超过 100,000 名消费者数据的企业。根据和解协议，TicketNetwork 必须遵守 CTDPA 的透明度和消费者权利义务。义务包括维护..." }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "Missouri Attorney General investigation into Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, and Meta over alleged AI chatbot bias and inaccuracy", "url": "https://ago.mo.gov/attorney-general-bailey-fights-to-expose-big-tech-censorship-of-president-trump-as-ai-chatbots-produce-fake-news/", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Missouri Attorney General sent formal letters to Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, and Meta requesting information related to biased and factually inaccurate responses produced by the companies' artificial intelligence chatbots. The letters sought information on whether these AI chatbots had been trained to distort historical facts and generate biased results, contrary to their advertised neutrality. Attorney General stated that the action was necessary to address his concerns th...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密苏里州总检察长对谷歌、微软、OpenAI 和 Meta 涉嫌人工智能聊天机器人偏见和不准确性进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，密苏里州总检察长向 Google、微软、OpenAI 和 Meta 发出正式信函，要求提供与这些公司的人工智能聊天机器人产生的有偏见和事实不准确的响应相关的信息。这些信件寻求了解这些人工智能聊天机器人是否经过训练，可以歪曲历史事实并产生有偏见的结果，这与它们所宣传的中立性相反。总检察长表示，采取这一行动是解决他的担忧所必需的……" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Trade Representative's investigation into Brazil's alleged unfair trade practices", "url": "https://ustr.gov/trade-topics/enforcement/section-301-investigations/section-301-brazils-acts-policies-and-practices-related-digital-trade-and-electronic-payment", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) closes the consultation as part of its Section 301 investigation into Brazil’s trade practices, with a focus on digital trade and electronic payment services. Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 authorises the USTR to investigate whether a foreign country's policies are unfair or violate the United States' trade rights. The investigation will assess whether Brazil’s policies are unreasonable, discriminatory, or re...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "贸易代表对巴西涉嫌不公平贸易行为的调查中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，美国贸易代表办公室 (USTR) 结束了磋商，作为对巴西贸易行为进行 301 调查的一部分，调查重点是数字贸易和电子支付服务。 1974年贸易法第301条授权USTR调查外国政策是否不公平或侵犯美国的贸易权利。该调查将评估巴西的政策是否不合理、歧视性或反..." }, { "date": "19 August 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into Support King formerly SpyFone over stalkerware allegations", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/07/ftc-seeks-comment-petition-vacate-2021-order-related-provider-stalkerware-apps", "description": "On 19 August 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) concludes the 30-day public comment period on the petition submitted by the former chief executive officer of Support King, which previously operated the SpyFone platform. The petition requested that the FTC vacate or amend its 2021 order, which had imposed a permanent ban on the marketing, sale, promotion, or distribution of surveillance applications or services by Support King, LLC and its executive. The 2021 order also required the impl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会因跟踪软件指控对Support King（前身为SpyFone）进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 19 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 结束了针对之前运营 SpyFone 平台的 Support King 前首席执行官提交的请愿书的 30 天公众评议期。请愿书要求 FTC 撤销或修改其 2021 年命令，该命令永久禁止 Support King, LLC 及其高管营销、销售、促销或分发监控应用程序或服务。 2021 年订单还要求实施..." }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to alleged data protection violations by Temu (Attorney General of Kentucky v Temu)", "url": "https://www.ag.ky.gov/Press%20Release%20Attachments/2025.07.17%20ACCEPTED%20Temu%20Complaint_Kentucky.pdf", "description": "On 17 July 2025, the Kentucky Attorney General filed a lawsuit at the Woodford Circuit Court against Temu, alleging violations of the Kentucky Consumer Protection Act (KCPA) and common law. The complaint applies to Temu’s e-commerce operations, alleging that the application covertly collected sensitive personal data from users without consent, evading detection through malicious code practices, and exposing data to potential access by Chinese authorities. It also alleges deceptive sales pract...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与 Temu 涉嫌侵犯数据保护行为有关的诉讼（肯塔基州总检察长诉 Temu）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 17 日，肯塔基州总检察长向伍德福德巡回法院对 Temu 提起诉讼，指控 Temu 违反《肯塔基州消费者保护法》(KCPA) 和普通法。该投诉适用于 Temu 的电子商务业务，指控该应用程序在未经用户同意的情况下秘密收集用户的敏感个人数据，通过恶意代码行为逃避检测，并使数据可能被中国当局访问。它还指控欺诈性销售行为......" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Action Plan focusing on innovation, infrastructure, and international diplomacy", "url": "https://whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the White House adopted the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Action Plan following Executive Order 14179 on Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence. The Plan establishes a strategy through three pillars on innovation, infrastructure, and international diplomacy. The Plan applies to the entire American AI ecosystem, including frontier AI developers, semiconductor manufacturers, data centre operators, federal agencies, and international partners, particu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能行动计划重点关注创新、基础设施和国际外交", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，白宫根据关于消除美国在人工智能领域领导地位的障碍的第 14179 号行政命令通过了人工智能 (AI) 行动计划。该计划通过创新、基础设施和国际外交三大支柱制定了战略。该计划适用于整个美国人工智能生态系统，包括前沿人工智能开发商、半导体制造商、数据中心运营商、联邦机构和国际合作伙伴，特别是..." }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "Department of Law amendments to Colorado Privacy Act Rules (CPA) for biometric privacy and children's privacy", "url": "https://coag.gov/app/uploads/2025/07/CPA2025ProposedRuleAmendments-1.pdf", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the Colorado Department of Law proposed amendments to the Colorado Privacy Act Rules (4 CCR 904-3), introducing new obligations for entities processing biometric data and data from minors. The rules clarify that biometric data includes identifiers, including facial templates and iris scans when used for identification, and that certain inferences, including those drawn from geolocation or browsing data, qualify as sensitive data. Controllers may be deemed to have knowledge of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法律部对科罗拉多州隐私法规则 (CPA) 生物识别隐私和儿童隐私的修正案", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 29 日，科罗拉多州法律部提议修订《科罗拉多州隐私法规则》(4 CCR 904-3)，为处理生物识别数据和未成年人数据的实体引入新义务。这些规则阐明，生物识别数据包括标识符，包括用于识别时的面部模板和虹膜扫描，以及某些推论，包括从地理位置或浏览数据中得出的推论，属于敏感数据。控制者可能被认为了解……" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology Secure Software Development, Security, and Operations (DevSecOps) Practices", "url": "https://www.nccoe.nist.gov/projects/secure-software-development-security-and-operations-devsecops-practices", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the consultation on the first preliminary draft of the special publication on secure software development, security, and operations (DevSecOps) practices. The draft provides a risk-based implementation approach to DevSecOps aligned with the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) (SP 800-218 and SP 800-218A), covering all phases of the software lifecycle, including plan, develop, build, test, release, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究所安全软件开发、安全和运营 (DevSecOps) 实践", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 12 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了关于安全软件开发、安全和运营 (DevSecOps) 实践特别出版物第一份初稿的磋商。该草案提供了一种基于风险的 DevSecOps 实施方法，与安全软件开发框架 (SSDF)（SP 800-218 和 SP 800-218A）保持一致，涵盖软件生命周期的所有阶段，包括计划、开发、构建、测试、发布……" }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Twitter over alleged failure to remove child sexual abuse material (Case No. 3:21-cv-00485-JCS)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2025/08/01/24-177.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a ruling in Doe 1 v. Twitter, Inc., affecting social media platforms and interactive computer service providers that host user-generated content. The court affirmed that platforms retain Section 230 immunity for most claims related to child sexual abuse material, including sex trafficking allegations and content amplification features. However, the ruling reversed protection for two specific areas, specifically ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Twitter 涉嫌未能删除儿童性虐待内容而提起的诉讼（案件号 3:21-cv-00485-JCS）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 1 日，美国第九巡回上诉法院在 Doe 1 诉 Twitter, Inc. 案中做出裁决，影响托管用户生成内容的社交媒体平台和交互式计算机服务提供商。法院确认，平台对大多数与儿童性虐待材料相关的索赔保留第 230 条规定的豁免权，包括性交易指控和内容放大功能。然而，该裁决推翻了对两个特定领域的保护，特别是......" }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "Federal Communications order on reconsideration to reform information reporting system", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-looks-modernize-disaster-information-reporting-system", "description": "On 5 August 2025, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a notice of proposed rulemaking and an accompanying order on reconsideration to initiate a review of the disaster information reporting system (DIRS), aiming to modernise its data collection framework for network outages and service restoration during major disasters. The proposed reforms seek to reduce the administrative burden on providers by simplifying reporting requirements, limiting DIRS obligations to facilities-base...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦通信令重新考虑改革信息报告系统", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 5 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 通过了拟议规则制定通知和随附的重新审议命令，启动对灾害信息报告系统 (DIRS) 的审查，旨在实现重大灾害期间网络中断和服务恢复的数据收集框架现代化。拟议的改革旨在通过简化报告要求、限制 DIRS 对设施基础的义务来减轻提供商的行政负担……" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency investigation into Tractor Supply Company over alleged violation of Californians' privacy rights", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/20250930_tractor_supply_bd_sfo.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency's Board issued a ruling against Tractor Supply Company for violations of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) with a fine of USD 1.35 million administrative fine. It was stated that the retailer operates over 85 stores in California with annual revenue exceeding USD 26.625 million and processes personal information of over 100,000 consumers. Tractor Supply violated the CCPA by failing to honour consumer opt-out requests subm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局对拖拉机供应公司涉嫌侵犯加州人隐私权进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，加州隐私保护局董事会对 Tractor Supply Company 做出违反加州消费者隐私法 (CCPA) 的裁决，处以 135 万美元行政罚款。据称，该零售商在加州经营超过85家商店，年收入超过2662.5万美元，处理超过10万名消费者的个人信息。 Tractor Supply 未能满足消费者提交的选择退出请求，违反了 CCPA..." }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "Public procurement access regulation in Bill to codify Executive Order 14319 (HR 4873)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/4873/text?s=6&r=45", "description": "On 5 August 2025, the Bill to codify Executive Order 14319 on public procurement access for AI in the federal government was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Bill would give Executive Order 14319 the effect of the law. The order requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), in conjunction with the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, the Administrator of General Services, and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, to issue g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "编纂第 14319 号行政命令 (HR 4873) 的法案中的公共采购准入监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 5 日，众议院提出了编纂关于联邦政府人工智能公共采购准入的第 14319 号行政命令的法案。该法案将使第 14319 号行政命令具有法律效力。该命令要求管理和预算办公室 (OMB) 主任与联邦采购政策署长、总务署长和科学技术政策办公室主任一起发布..." }, { "date": "8 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit alleging illegal collection of sensitive personal data (Frasco v Flo Health)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-cand-3_21-cv-00757/USCOURTS-cand-3_21-cv-00757-6/context", "description": "On 11 August 2025, Meta filed a motion for judgment and a motion for class decertification in Frasco v Flo Health. Regarding the motion for judgment, Meta alleges that the plaintiffs' claim against Meta under Section 632 of the California Penal Code does not apply in this case. Section 632 prohibits intentionally eavesdropping on confidential information without consent. Meta makes this argument on the basis that the data sent to Meta by Flo is distinct from the data sent to Flo by the plaint...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指控非法收集敏感个人数据的诉讼（Frasco v Flo Health）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 11 日，Meta 在 Frasco v Flo Health 案中提出了判决动议和集体取消认证动议。关于判决动议，Meta声称，原告根据《加州刑法》第632条对Meta提出的主张不适用于本案。第 632 条禁止未经同意故意窃听机密信息。 Meta 提出这一论点的依据是 Flo 发送给 Meta 的数据与原告发送给 Flo 的数据不同......" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Bill amending Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to explicitly apply to motor vehicle manufacturers of any scale (HB 3875)", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2025R1/Measures/Overview/HB3875", "description": "On 26 September 2025, a Bill amending the Oregon Consumer Privacy Act to explicitly apply to motor vehicle manufacturers of any scale (HB 3875) enters into force. Oregon Revised Statute (ORS) 646A.572 was amended to expand the application of ORS 646A.570 to 646A.589. Following the amendment, the obligations outlined in these statutes would apply to motor vehicle manufacturers. Additionally, the typical parameters limit said provisions' applicability to persons collecting the personal data of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订俄勒冈州消费者隐私法的法案明确适用于任何规模的机动车辆制造商 (HB 3875)", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，一项修订《俄勒冈州消费者隐私法》的法案明确适用于任何规模的机动车辆制造商 (HB 3875) 生效。俄勒冈州修订法规 (ORS) 646A.572 进行了修订，将 ORS 646A.570 的适用范围扩大到 646A.589。修订后，这些法规中概述的义务将适用于机动车辆制造商。此外，典型参数限制了上述规定对收集以下个人数据的人员的适用性。" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Arkansas Social Media Safety Act amendments (Act 900/SB 611) and Act regulating harmful social media design features (Act 901/SB 612)", "url": "https://arkansasadvocate.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2025-06-27-NetChoice-v.-Griffin-2025_Complaint.pdf", "description": "On 27 June 2025, NetChoice, a trade association representing online platforms, filed a lawsuit against the Attorney General in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. The lawsuit challenges two recently adopted Arkansas laws, the Social Media Safety Act amendment (Act 900/SB 611) and the Act regulating harmful social media design features (Act 901/SB 612), both approved on 21 April 2025. Act 900 redefines “minors” as individuals under 16 years of age and imposes...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对《阿肯色州社交媒体安全法》修正案（第 900/SB 611 号法案）和规范有害社交媒体设计功能的法案（第 901/SB 612 号法案）提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 27 日，代表在线平台的行业协会 NetChoice 向美国阿肯色州东区地方法院对总检察长提起诉讼。该诉讼挑战了阿肯色州最近通过的两项法律，即《社交媒体安全法》修正案（第 900/SB 611 号法案）和《规范有害社交媒体设计特征的法案》（第 901/SB 612 号法案），这两项法律均于 2025 年 4 月 21 日批准。第 900 号法案将“未成年人”重新定义为 16 岁以下的个人，并强加..." }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General investigation into Meta and Character.AI over deceptive marketing of mental health services", "url": "https://texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-investigates-meta-and-characterai-misleading-children-deceptive-ai", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the Texas Attorney General opened an investigation into Meta Artificial Intelligence (AI) Studio and Character.AI for allegedly deceiving children by presenting AI chatbots as licensed mental health providers. The investigation focuses on whether the platforms fabricated qualifications, falsely promised confidentiality while logging user data, and misled users about offering private therapeutic counselling. It was highlighted that Civil Investigative Demands were issued to ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 Meta 和 Character.AI 心理健康服务欺骗性营销进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，德克萨斯州总检察长对 Meta Artificial Intelligence (AI) Studio 和 Character.AI 展开调查，指控其将 AI 聊天机器人呈现为获得许可的心理健康提供者，从而欺骗儿童。调查重点是平台是否捏造资质、在记录用户数据时虚假承诺保密、以及在提供私人治疗咨询方面误导用户。值得注意的是，民事调查要求已发出......" }, { "date": "8 March 2025", "title": "Bill on private right of action and civil penalties for harmful social media design (SB 612/Act 901)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=SB612&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 3 August 2025, the Act on private right of action and civil penalties for harmful social media design in (SB 612/Act 901) enters into force. The Act applies to social media platforms operating in Arkansas that generate revenue through user engagement and enable user interaction, profile creation, and content sharing. The Act prohibits platforms from using designs, algorithms, or features that they know, or should reasonably know, cause minors to purchase controlled substances, develop eati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于有害社交媒体设计的私人诉讼权和民事处罚法案（SB 612/Act 901）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 3 日，关于有害社交媒体设计的私人诉讼权和民事处罚的法案 (SB 612/Act 901) 生效。该法案适用于在阿肯色州运营的社交媒体平台，这些平台通过用户参与产生收入，并实现用户互动、个人资料创建和内容共享。该法案禁止平台使用他们知道或应该合理知道的设计、算法或功能，导致未成年人购买受控物质、开发饮食……" }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "Attorney General of Texas investigation into Character.AI, Reddit, Instagram, Discord, and Other Companies over Children's Privacy and Safety Practices", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-launches-investigations-characterai-reddit-instagram-discord-and-other", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the Attorney General of Texas opened an investigation into Character.AI, Reddit, Instagram, Discord, and other companies regarding their privacy and safety practices for minors, pursuant to the Securing Children Online through Parental Empowerment (SCOPE) Act and the Texas Data Privacy and Security Act (TDPSA); the SCOPE Act prohibits digital service providers from sharing, disclosing, or selling a minor’s personal identifying information without parental or guardian cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 Character.AI、Reddit、Instagram、Discord 和其他公司的儿童隐私和安全做法进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 12 日，德克萨斯州总检察长根据《通过家长赋权保护儿童在线安全法案》(SCOPE) 和《德克萨斯州数据隐私和安全法案》(TDPSA)，对 Character.AI、Reddit、Instagram、Discord 和其他公司针对未成年人的隐私和安全做法展开调查；范围法案禁止数字服务提供商在未经父母或监护人同意的情况下共享、披露或出售未成年人的个人识别信息。" }, { "date": "21 August 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into technology companies' compliance with Federal Trade Commission Act in context of foreign governments' pressures to censor or weaken data security", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/08/ftc-chairman-ferguson-warns-companies-against-censoring-or-weakening-data-security-americans-behest", "description": "On 21 August 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sent letters to technology companies noting their responsibility to protect the privacy and data security of American consumers, even when facing pressure from foreign governments. The letters, addressed to providers of cloud computing, social media, messaging apps, and other digital services, including Akamai, Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Cloudflare, Discord, GoDaddy, Meta, Microsoft, Signal, Snap, Slack, and X, warned that censoring American...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在外国政府施压审查或削弱数据安全的背景下，联邦贸易委员会对科技公司遵守联邦贸易委员会法案的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 21 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 致函科技公司，指出它们有责任保护美国消费者的隐私和数据安全，即使面临外国政府的压力。这些信件是写给云计算、社交媒体、消息应用程序和其他数字服务提供商的，包括 Akamai、Alphabet、亚马逊、苹果、Cloudflare、Discord、GoDaddy、Meta、微软、Signal、Snap、Slack 和 X，警告说，审查美国..." }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "No Advanced Chips for Chinese Communist Party Act of 2025 (HB 5022)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5022/text?s=6&r=13", "description": "On 22 August 2025, the No Advanced Chips for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Act of 2025 was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act prohibits exports of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) semiconductors to the People’s Republic of China unless both the United States Department of Commerce and the United States Congress approve. It also provides that semiconductors are covered if they exceed thresholds for processing power, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) bandwidth, or in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年中国共产党禁止先进芯片法案 (HB 5022)", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 22 日，《2025 年禁止中共使用先进芯片法案》被提交众议院。该法案禁止向中华人民共和国出口先进人工智能（AI）半导体，除非美国商务部和美国国会批准。它还规定，如果半导体超过处理能力、动态随机存取存储器 (DRAM) 带宽或......" }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "Tennessee Attorney General source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.tn.gov/attorneygeneral/news/2025/8/25/pr25-43.html", "description": "Official source record dated 25 August 2025 for United States of America concerning Assessment by 44 State Attorneys General of AI company policies on protecting children from sexually inappropriate conversations. See the linked tn.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "44 位州总检察长对人工智能公司保护儿童免受不当性对话影响的政策进行评估", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 25 日，以田纳西州总检察长为首的 44 个州总检察长向人工智能 (AI) 公司发出了信函，包括 Google、Meta、微软、OpenAI、xAI、Anthropic、Character Technologies、Perplexity AI、Apple、Chai AI、Luka、Nomi AI 和 Replika。该通讯提到了有关人工智能聊天机器人与儿童进行性对话并据称鼓励青少年有害行为的报道，包括自杀和谋杀。总检察长称..." }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Air AI over alleged deceptive claims on business growth earnings potential and refund guarantees targeting small businesses (Case No. 2:25-cv-03068-SMB)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/AirAi-Order_1.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2026, the Federal Trade Commission filed a stipulated order for permanent injunction and monetary judgment in the District Court of Arizona against Air AI Technologies. The order resolves allegations of deceptive practices in the marketing and sale of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - powered business coaching products and licensing. The order permanently prohibits defendants from selling business opportunity products, making false or misleading telemarketing calls, and misrepresenti...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对 Air AI 提起诉讼，指控其针对小型企业的业务增长盈利潜力和退款保证存在欺骗性主张（案件编号 2:25-cv-03068-SMB）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 24 日，联邦贸易委员会向亚利桑那州地方法院提交了针对 Air AI Technologies 的永久禁令和金钱判决的规定命令。该命令解决了对人工智能 (AI) 支持的商业辅导产品和许可的营销和销售中的欺骗行为的指控。该命令永久禁止被告销售商业机会产品、拨打虚假或误导性电话营销电话以及歪曲事实……" }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "Lawsuit challenging enforcement of United Kingdom's Online Safety Act 2023 (4Chan Community Support LLC and Lolcow v UK Office of Communications)", "url": "https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/26076733/govuscourtsdcd28421810-1.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2025, the 4chan Community Support LLC and Lolcow LLC filed a lawsuit in the United States District of Columbia against the United Kingdom Office of Communications, challenging the enforcement of the Online Safety Act 2023. The lawsuit stated that the Online Safety Act applies to over 100’000 online services globally, including American-based platforms with no United Kingdom presence, requiring them to conduct risk assessments for compliance with United Kingdom law and remove user...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "质疑执行英国《2023 年在线安全法》的诉讼（4Chan Community Support LLC 和 Lolcow 诉英国通信办公室）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 27 日，4chan Community Support LLC 和 Lolcow LLC 在美国哥伦比亚特区对英国通信办公室提起诉讼，质疑《2023 年在线安全法》的执行。诉讼称，《在线安全法》适用于全球超过 10 万个在线服务，包括在英国没有业务的美国平台，要求它们进行风险评估以遵守英国法律并删除用户……" }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "House Oversight and Government Reform Committee investigation into Wikipedia's practices to address conduct that allegedly injects bias or undermines a neutral point of view on its platform", "url": "https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/082725-letter-to-Wikimedia.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2025, the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee announced the launch of an investigation into Wikipedia. The investigation aims to examine alleged organised efforts to inject bias into Wikipedia entries, specifically focusing on foreign operations and individuals at academic institutions receiving taxpayer funding who may be influencing United States public opinion. The Committee sent a request for information to the Wikimedia Foundation CEO, seeking documents and commu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "众议院监督和政府改革委员会正在调查维基百科的做法，以解决涉嫌在其平台上注入偏见或破坏中立观点的行为", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 27 日，众议院监督和政府改革委员会宣布对维基百科展开调查。该调查旨在调查涉嫌有组织地向维基百科条目注入偏见的行为，特别关注外国业务和接受纳税人资助的学术机构中可能影响美国公众舆论的个人。该委员会向维基媒体基金会首席执行官发出了信息请求，寻求文件和通讯..." }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "Healthcare Enhancement and Learning Through Harnessing Artificial Intelligence Act (HEALTH AI Act/HR 5045)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5045/text?s=3&r=15", "description": "On 26 August 2025, the Healthcare Enhancement and Learning Through Harnessing Artificial Intelligence Act (HEALTH AI Act/HR 5045) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish a grant programme to fund research regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence in healthcare. Permissible research areas include improving practitioners' ability to record comprehensive notes or ask medically relevant questions, reduc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《通过利用人工智能促进医疗保健和学习法案》（HEALTH AI Act/HR 5045）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 26 日，《通过利用人工智能促进医疗保健和学习法案》（HEALTH AI Act/HR 5045）被提交众议院。该法案指示卫生与公众服务部部长建立一项拨款计划，资助有关在医疗保健中使用生成人工智能的研究。允许的研究领域包括提高从业者记录综合笔记或提出医学相关问题的能力，减少..." }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to Google's collection of children's personal data on YouTube without parental consent (Hubbard v Google LLC) (Case No. 5:19-cv-07016-SVK)", "url": "https://www.classaction.org/media/hubbard-et-al-v-google-llc-et-al-seventh-amended-complaint.pdf", "description": "On 18 August 2025, a seventh amended class action complaint was filed in the US Northern District Court of California against Google LLC and YouTube LLC, seeking damages on behalf of children under 13 who watched child-directed content on YouTube between July 2013 and April 2020. The complaint alleges that despite the September 2019 settlement with the Federal Trade Commission requiring Google to pay USD 170 million in penalties, the company continued collecting personal information from mill...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与 Google 未经父母同意在 YouTube 上收集儿童个人数据相关的诉讼（Hubbard 诉 Google LLC）（案件号 5:19-cv-07016-SVK）", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，美国加利福尼亚州北地方法院针对 Google LLC 和 YouTube LLC 提起第七项经修订的集体诉讼，代表 2013 年 7 月至 2020 年 4 月期间在 YouTube 上观看儿童内容的 13 岁以下儿童寻求损害赔偿。诉状称，尽管 2019 年 9 月与联邦贸易委员会达成和解，要求 Google 支付 1.7 亿美元的罚款，但该公司仍在继续从工厂收集个人信息。" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Disney over alleged violations of Children's Online Privacy Protection Rule", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/12/court-approves-order-requiring-disney-pay-10-million-settle-ftc-allegations-firm-enabled-unlawful", "description": "On 31 December 2025, a federal judge approved a settlement order in the lawsuit filed by the Federal Trade Commission against Disney Worldwide Services, Inc. and Disney Entertainment Operations LLC for alleged violations of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (COPPA). The order addressed allegations that Disney failed to properly designate certain YouTube videos as “Made for Kids”, which enabled the collection of personal informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对迪士尼提起诉讼，指控其违反儿童在线隐私保护规则", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 31 日，联邦法官批准了联邦贸易委员会针对迪士尼全球服务公司和迪士尼娱乐运营有限责任公司提起的诉讼的和解令，指控其违反《联邦贸易委员会法》第 5(a) 条和《儿童在线隐私保护规则》(COPPA)。该命令解决了有关迪士尼未能正确将某些 YouTube 视频指定为“面向儿童”的指控，从而导致个人信息被收集……" }, { "date": "9 March 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Pornhub/Aylo for misleading claims regarding measures to address child sexual abuse material and nonconsensual sexual content", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/09/ftc-takes-action-against-operators-pornhub-other-pornographic-sites-deceiving-users-about-efforts", "description": "On 3 September 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the Utah Division of Consumer Protection adopted a proposed order, including USD 15 million penalty, to settle allegations against Aylo, operators of pornography-streaming sites, including Pornhub. The FTC and Utah alleged that Aylo deceived users by claiming to have zero tolerance for child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and nonconsensual material (NCM), while failing to block such content, review flagged videos, ban uploaders, or pre...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Pornhub/Aylo 提起的诉讼，指控其关于解决儿童性虐待材料和非自愿性内容的措施存在误导性主张", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 3 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 和犹他州消费者保护部门通过了一项拟议命令，包括 1500 万美元的罚款，以和解对 Aylo 以及 Pornhub 等色情流媒体网站运营商的指控。 FTC 和犹他州指控 Aylo 欺骗用户，声称对儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 和非自愿材料 (NCM) 零容忍，但未能阻止此类内容、审查标记的视频、禁止上传者或预..." }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Bill (HB 5079)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5079/text?s=6&r=23", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the Widespread Information Management for the Welfare of Infrastructure and Government Bill (HB 5079) was introduced in the House of Representatives to reauthorise the Cybersecurity Act of 2015, extending its effective period to 2035. The Bill introduces statutory definitions for artificial intelligence, critical infrastructure, and Sector Risk Management Agencies, and mandates that Federal procedures for sharing cyber threat indicators and defensive measures be developed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基础设施福利和政府法案的广泛信息管理 (HB 5079)", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 2 日，《基础设施和政府福利广泛信息管理法案》（HB 5079）在众议院提出，重新授权《2015 年网络安全法案》，将其有效期延长至 2035 年。该法案引入了人工智能、关键基础设施和部门风险管理机构的法定定义，并要求制定共享网络威胁指标和防御措施的联邦程序……" }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "Protecting Information by Local Leaders for Agency Resilience Bill (PILLAR Bill/HB 5078)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5078/text?s=6&r=24", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the Protecting Information by Local Leaders for Agency Resilience Act (PILLAR Bill/HB 5078) was introduced in the House of Representatives to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 in order to reauthorise the State and Local Cybersecurity Grant Program of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) of the Department of Homeland Security. The Bill expands definitions to include artificial intelligence (AI) and AI systems, incorporates the concept of a fore...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "地方领导人保护信息以促进机构复原力法案（PILLAR Bill/HB 5078）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 2 日，众议院提出了《地方领导人保护信息促进机构复原力法案》（PILLAR Bill/HB 5078），以修订 2002 年《国土安全法》，以重新授权国土安全部网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 的州和地方网络安全拨款计划。该法案扩展了定义，将人工智能 (AI) 和人工智能系统包括在内，并纳入了前景的概念……" }, { "date": "9 March 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Google over alleged privacy violations in application-based data tracking (Rodriguez et al. v Google/Case No. 3:20-cv-04688-RS)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.362381/gov.uscourts.cand.362381.670.0.pdf", "description": "On 3 September 2025, the federal jury in the District Court for the Northern District of California returned a verdict against Google, awarding USD 425 million in damages in a class action lawsuit over privacy violations. The jury found that Google collected user data from individuals who had disabled tracking settings. The case, originally filed in July 2020, alleged that Google unlawfully intercepted and collected mobile application usage data even when consumers had turned off “Web & App A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Google 涉嫌在基于应用程序的数据跟踪中侵犯隐私的诉讼（Rodriguez 等人诉 Google/案件号 3:20-cv-04688-RS）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 3 日，加利福尼亚州北区地方法院的联邦陪审团对谷歌做出了一项针对侵犯隐私的集体诉讼的判决，裁定谷歌赔偿 4.25 亿美元。陪审团发现，谷歌收集了禁用跟踪设置的个人的用户数据。该案件最初于 2020 年 7 月提起，指控谷歌非法拦截和收集移动应用程序使用数据，即使消费者关闭了“Web & App A..." }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "Age verification requirement in Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (CHAT Act/SB 2714)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2714?s=1&r=78", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the Children Harmed by AI Technology Act (CHAT Act/SB 2714) was introduced in the Senate. Covered entities, defined as entities that own, operate, or otherwise make available a companion AI chatbot to individuals in the United States, must verify the age of individuals creating new accounts by requesting age information and confirming it through a reliable commercial method. If the user is a minor, the account must be linked to a verified parental account, parental consen...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《受人工智能技术伤害的儿童法案》（CHAT 法案/SB 2714）中的年龄验证要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 4 日，《人工智能技术伤害儿童法案》（CHAT Act/SB 2714）在参议院提出。所涵盖的实体被定义为拥有、运营或以其他方式向美国个人提供人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的实体，必须通过请求年龄信息并通过可靠的商业方法确认来验证创建新帐户的个人的年龄。如果用户是未成年人，该帐户必须链接到经过验证的父母帐户，并征得父母同意..." }, { "date": "9 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Google over alleged copyright infringement in training AI models (Case No. 23-cv-03440-EKL)", "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/california/candce/5:2023cv03440/415223/216/0.pdf", "description": "On 11 September 2025, the United States Northern District Court of California partially granted Google's motion to dismiss a copyright infringement lawsuit. Ten visual artists and authors sued Google and Alphabet for allegedly using their copyrighted works to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models without authorisation. The Court dismissed claims against ten AI models, including Codey, Chirp, Veo, MedLM, LearnLM, SecLM, Gemma, CodeGemma, RecurrentGemma, and PaliGemma since the plaintiffs f...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对谷歌涉嫌训练人工智能模型侵犯版权的诉讼（案号：23-cv-03440-EKL）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 11 日，美国加利福尼亚州北地方法院部分批准了谷歌驳回版权侵权诉讼的动议。十位视觉艺术家和作家起诉谷歌和 Alphabet，指控其未经授权使用其受版权保护的作品来训练人工智能 (AI) 模型。法院驳回了针对十种人工智能模型的索赔，包括 Codey、Chirp、Veo、MedLM、LearnLM、SecLM、Gemma、CodeGemma、RecurrentGemma 和 PaliGemma，因为原告 ..." }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency's joint privacy investigation into businesses over alleged refusal to honour consumers' opt-out rights", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250909.html", "description": "On 9 September 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency and the Attorneys General of California, Colorado, and Connecticut announced a joint investigative sweep into businesses failing to respect Global Privacy Control (GPC) opt-out signals. The investigation applies to online firms that sell or share consumer data, including browsing behaviour, clicks, and purchase information, and applies to those subject to privacy legislations. The California Consumer Privacy Act requires companies ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局对涉嫌拒绝尊重消费者选择退出权的企业进行联合隐私调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 9 日，加州隐私保护局以及加州、科罗拉多州和康涅狄格州总检察长宣布对未能尊重全球隐私控制 (GPC) 选择退出信号的企业进行联合调查。该调查适用于出售或共享消费者数据（包括浏览行为、点击和购买信息）的在线公司，并适用于受隐私立法约束的公司。加州消费者隐私法要求公司..." }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Executive Order on TikTok divestiture focusing on protecting national security", "url": "", "description": "On 22 January 2026, TikTok US Joint Venture was established in accordance with the Executive Order signed on 25 September 2025, which addresses the operation of TikTok while considering national security requirements. The joint venture is majority US-owned and manages TikTok’s US applications and services. It is responsible for US user data, applications, and the content recommendation algorithm, all hosted in Oracle’s secure US cloud environment. The joint venture maintains a data privacy an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 TikTok 剥离的行政命令，重点是保护国家安全", "description_zh": "2026年1月22日，根据2025年9月25日签署的行政命令成立了TikTok美国合资公司，该命令在考虑国家安全要求的同时解决了TikTok的运营问题。该合资企业由美国控股，负责管理 TikTok 在美国的应用程序和服务。它负责美国用户数据、应用程序和内容推荐算法，所有这些都托管在 Oracle 安全的美国云环境中。该合资企业维护数据隐私和...", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "Extension of Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 in Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act of 2026", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5371/all-actions?overview=closed&q=%7B%22roll-call-vote%22%3A%22all%22%7D", "description": "On 12 November 2025, the Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 was enacted as Public Law 119-37 after the House of Representatives agreed to the Senate amendment and the Act was signed by the President. The Act extends the application of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 (CISA 2015) until 30 January 2026. The Act being extended applies to federal entities and private organisations that v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2015 年网络安全信息共享法案在 2026 年持续拨款和延期法案中的延伸", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 12 日，众议院同意参议院修正案并由总统签署后，《2026 年持续拨款、农业、立法部门、军事建设和退伍军人事务及延期法案》作为公法 119-37 颁布。该法案将 2015 年网络安全信息共享法案 (CISA 2015) 的适用期限延长至 2026 年 1 月 30 日。该法案适用于..." }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "National Institute for Standards and Technology inquiry into semiconductor and machine learning innovation", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/09/nist-issues-broad-agency-announcement-proposals-advance-microelectronics", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) released a broad agency announcement (BAA) soliciting proposals for research, prototyping, and commercial solutions in the microelectronics sector. The initiative aims to support the United States' leadership in semiconductor technology and accelerate innovation across critical industries, including artificial intelligence and quantum technology. Prospective applicants, including US for-profit and non-profit entit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究院对半导体和机器学习创新的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 24 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 发布了一份广泛的机构公告 (BAA)，征集微电子领域研究、原型设计和商业解决方案的提案。该倡议旨在支持美国在半导体技术方面的领导地位，并加速关键行业的创新，包括人工智能和量子技术。潜在申请人，包括美国营利性和非营利性实体..." }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Aligning Incentives for Leadership, Excellence, and Advancement in Development Act (AI LEAD Act/S.2937)", "url": "https://www.hawley.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Hawley-Durbin-AI-Lead-Act.pdf", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Aligning Incentives for Leadership, Excellence, and Advancement in Development Act (AI LEAD Act/S.2937) was introduced in the Senate, defining harm to include reputational injury, financial injury, and psychological harm reasonably expected to result in substantial impairment of mental health, alongside property and physical injury. The definition encompasses derivative harms affecting entities or dependents. The expansive definition ensures that liability may extend...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《协调领导力、卓越和发展进步的激励措施》中的内容审核规定（AI LEAD Act/S.2937）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 29 日，参议院提出了《领导力、卓越和发展进步激励措施法案》(AI LEAD Act/S.2937)，将损害定义为包括名誉损害、经济损害和合理预期会导致精神健康严重损害的心理损害以及财产和身体损害。该定义涵盖影响实体或家属的衍生损害。广泛的定义确保责任可能会延长......" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Report on Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for Internet of Things product manufacturers", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8259/r1/2pd", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology closes the public consultation on Foundational Cybersecurity Activities for Internet of Things (IoT) product manufacturers. The draft sets out nine activities to improve IoT product security before and after sale. It expands guidance on risk assessment, threat modelling, and links to other frameworks. IoT manufacturers are urged to provide both technical and non-technical safeguards, including updates and vulnerability dis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国家标准技术研究院关于物联网产品制造商基础网络安全活动的报告", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 31 日，美国国家标准技术研究院结束了有关物联网 (IoT) 产品制造商基础网络安全活动的公众咨询。该草案列出了九项旨在提高物联网产品售前和售后安全性的活动。它扩展了风险评估、威胁建模以及与其他框架的链接的指导。敦促物联网制造商提供技术和非技术保障措施，包括更新和漏洞发现..." }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8183/r2/ipd", "description": "On 17 November 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the public consultation on the Cybersecurity Framework Manufacturing Profile. The profile applies to manufacturers operating industrial control systems, operational technologies, and related manufacturing systems. It provides voluntary, risk-based guidance for managing cybersecurity activities and reducing cyber risk. Key updates include new guidance on supply chain risk management, platform security, and te...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究所的网络安全框架制造简介", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 17 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了网络安全框架制造概况的公众咨询。该规范适用于运营工业控制系统、运营技术和相关制造系统的制造商。它为管理网络安全活动和降低网络风险提供基于风险的自愿指导。主要更新包括供应链风险管理、平台安全和技术方面的新指南..." }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology's publication on enhanced security requirements for protecting controlled unclassified information, including cyber resiliency objectives (SP 800-172)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/172/a/r3/ipd", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the public consultation on the enhanced security requirements for protecting controlled unclassified information. The publication applies to non-federal systems and organisations that process, store, or transmit Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) associated with critical programmes or high-value assets, and are intended for use by federal agencies in contractual vehicles or other agreements with non-...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究所关于保护受控非机密信息的增强安全要求（包括网络弹性目标）的出版物 (SP 800-172)", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 14 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了有关保护受控非机密信息的增强安全要求的公众咨询。该出版物适用于处理、存储或传输与关键程序或高价值资产相关的受控非机密信息 (CUI) 的非联邦系统和组织，旨在供联邦机构在合同工具或与非..." }, { "date": "22 April 2025", "title": "Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights investigation into Cadia Healthcare Facilities over alleged HIPAA Privacy and Breach Notification Rule violations", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/press-room/ocr-settles-hipaa-with-cadia-healthcare-facilities.html", "description": "On 22 April 2025, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office for Civil Rights adopted a Resolution Agreement with Cadia Healthcare Facilities in Delaware. The facilities had disclosed the protected health information (PHI) of 150 individuals on social media without valid authorisation. Cadia must pay USD 182,000 and follow a two-year Corrective Action Plan. This requires updated Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - compliant privacy and breach notif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卫生与公共服务部民权办公室对卡迪亚医疗机构涉嫌违反 HIPAA 隐私和违反通知规则的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 22 日，美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 民权办公室与特拉华州卡迪亚医疗机构通过了一项解决协议。这些设施未经有效授权，在社交媒体上披露了 150 名个人的受保护健康信息 (PHI)。 Cadia 必须支付 182,000 美元并遵守两年纠正行动计划。这需要更新健康保险流通和责任法案 (HIPAA) - 符合隐私和违规通知..." }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Bill amending Labor Code to regulate automated decision systems in employment (SB 7)", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/SB-7-Veto.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Governor of California vetoed Senate Bill No. 7, which would have added Part 5.5.5 (commencing with Section 1520) to Division 2 of the California Labour Code to regulate the use of automated decision systems (ADS) in employment. The Bill would have applied to public and private employers using ADS for employment-related decisions, including discipline, promotion, termination, and work monitoring. It would have required employers to provide written notice at least 30 da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《劳动法》的法案以规范就业中的自动决策系统（SB 7）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 13 日，加州州长否决了参议院第 7 号法案，该法案将在《加州劳工法典》第 2 部分中添加第 5.5.5 部分（从第 1520 条开始），以规范就业中自动决策系统 (ADS) 的使用。该法案将适用于使用 ADS 做出与就业相关的决策的公共和私人雇主，包括纪律、晋升、解雇和工作监控。它将要求雇主至少提前 30 天提供书面通知..." }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Center for AI Standards and Innovation inquiry into DeepSeek models over alleged security vulnerabilities and narrative risks", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/09/caisi-evaluation-deepseek-ai-models-finds-shortcomings-and-risks", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted a technical evaluation of three DeepSeek models and four reference models. The evaluation, mandated by President Trump's AI Action Plan and the Secretary of Commerce, sought to assess and evaluate adversary AI system capabilities and adoption. The CAISI evaluation yielded several findings. First, the evaluation found that DeepSeek models correctly com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能标准与创新中心就 DeepSeek 模型涉嫌安全漏洞和叙述风险进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 30 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 人工智能标准与创新中心 (CAISI) 对三个 DeepSeek 模型和四个参考模型进行了技术评估。这项评估由特朗普总统的人工智能行动计划和商务部长授权，旨在评估对手人工智能系统的能力和采用情况。 CAISI 评估得出了多项结论。首先，评估发现DeepSeek模型正确地..." }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Management of Individuals' Neural Data Act of 2025 (MIND Act of 2025/S.2925)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2925/text?s=4&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22neural%22%7D", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Management of Individuals’ Neural Data Act of 2025 (MIND Act of 2025/Bill S.2925), was introduced in the US Senate and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. The Bill would direct the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to conduct a study on the governance of neural data and related categories of biometric, physiological, and behavioural information that can reveal or infer cognitive, emotional, or psychological states. It would establish defi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年个人神经数据管理法案（2025 年 MIND 法案/S.2925）", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 29 日，《2025 年个人神经数据管理法案》（MIND Act of 2025/Bill S.2925）在美国参议院提出，并提交给商业、科学和运输委员会。该法案将指示联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对神经数据和相关类别的生物特征、生理和行为信息进行治理研究，这些信息可以揭示或推断认知、情绪或心理状态。它将建立定义..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Bill establishing civil liability for non-consensual digitised sexually explicit material (Deepfake Pornography/AB 621)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB621", "description": "On 1 January 2026, Assembly Bill 621 on Deepfake Pornography enters into force in accordance with the standard California legislative calendar for non-urgency statutes. The Act, codified under Chapter 673 of the Statutes of 2025, amends Section 1708.86 of the Civil Code to establish a civil cause of action for individuals depicted in digitised sexually explicit material created or shared without consent. It extends liability to persons knowingly facilitating or recklessly aiding or abetting s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法案规定对未经同意的数字化色情材料承担民事责任（Deepfake Pornography/AB 621）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，关于 Deepfake 色情制品的第 621 号议会法案根据加州非紧急法规的标准立法日历生效。该法案根据 2025 年《法规》第 673 章编纂而成，修订了《民法典》第 1708.86 条，为未经同意创建或共享的数字化露骨色情材料中描绘的个人确立民事诉讼理由。它将责任延伸到故意便利或鲁莽地协助或教唆的人……" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Law on Connected Devices: Device Protection Requests (SB 50)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB50", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Connected Devices: Device Protection Requests (SB 50) enters into force in California. The Act adds Chapter 35.5 (commencing with Section 22948.30) to Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code and amends Section 6320 of the Family Code to address misuse of internet-connected devices in domestic violence contexts. It authorises a survivor or a designated representative to submit a device protection request to an account manager, defined as any entity providing or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联网设备法：设备保护请求 (SB 50)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，互联设备：设备保护请求 (SB 50) 在加利福尼亚州生效。该法案将第 35.5 章（从第 22948.30 条开始）添加到《商业和职业法》第 8 部分，并修订《家庭法》第 6320 条，以解决家庭暴力情况下滥用互联网连接设备的问题。它授权幸存者或指定代表向客户经理提交设备保护请求，客户经理定义为提供或...的任何实体。" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity provisions in Extending Expired Cybersecurity Authorities Act (S 2983)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2983/text?s=2&r=172", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Extending Expired Cybersecurity Authorities Act was introduced to the Senate. The Applicability of the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act of 2015 expired on 30 September 2025, and the amendment seeks to extend the expiry to 30 September 2035. The amendment is meant to apply retroactively from 1 October 2025. The 2015 Act applies to federal entities and private organisations that voluntarily share cyber threat indicators and defensive measures. The Act establishes a v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "延长过期网络安全机构法案 (S 2983) 中的网络安全条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 7 日，《延长过期网络安全权力法案》被提交参议院。 2015年《网络安全信息共享法》的适用性于2025年9月30日到期，修正案寻求将有效期延长至2035年9月30日。该修正案将从2025年10月1日起追溯适用。2015年法案适用于自愿共享网络威胁指标和防御措施的联邦实体和私人组织。该法案设立了一个..." }, { "date": "10 September 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General investigation into Discord over alleged harmful content affecting minors", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-paxton-investigates-discord-after-platform-was-used-reported-assassin-who-murdered", "description": "On 9 October 2025, the Texas Attorney General announced the expansion of investigation under the Securing Children Online Through Parental Empowerment (SCOPE) Act into Discord amid concerns over addiction, sexual exploitation, and extremist content affecting minors. In December 2024, the Attorney General also launched an investigation into Discord regarding its privacy and safety practices for minors. The expanded investigation involves a Civil Investigative Demand (CID) examining extremist c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 Discord 涉嫌影响未成年人的有害内容进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 9 日，出于对影响未成年人的成瘾、性剥削和极端主义内容的担忧，德克萨斯州总检察长宣布根据《通过父母赋权保护儿童上网 (SCOPE) 法案》扩大对 Discord 的调查。 2024 年 12 月，总检察长还针对 Discord 针对未成年人的隐私和安全做法展开了调查。扩大调查涉及民事调查要求（CID）审查极端主义组织..." }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "US International Trade Administration source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.trade.gov/sites/default/files/2025-10/AI_Exports_Program_RFI.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 21 October 2025 for United States of America concerning American AI Exports Program. See the linked trade.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国人工智能出口计划", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 21 日，国际贸易管理局宣布根据第 14320 号行政命令制定美国人工智能出口计划，促进美国人工智能技术堆栈的出口。该计划旨在通过行业主导的联盟支持美国人工智能技术的全球部署。它将建立定义和评估人工智能技术堆栈组件的评估标准，概述联盟的参与和治理结构，并设计......" }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "Provisions addressing conditions for data transfers in United States-Vietnam Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/joint-statement-on-united-states-vietnam-framework-for-an-agreement-on-reciprocal-fair-and-balanced-trade/", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the United States and Vietnam announced a Framework for an Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade. The framework covers digital trade, services, and investment, including provisions on cross-border data transfers, with Vietnam confirming that it does not require licences for the transfer of data out of its territory. The framework also includes commitments to address other non-tariff barriers, as well as matters relating to labour standards, environmental protec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国-越南互惠、公平和平衡贸易协定中涉及数据传输条件的条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 26 日，美国和越南宣布了《互惠、公平和平衡贸易协议框架》。该框架涵盖数字贸易、服务和投资，包括跨境数据传输的规定，越南确认将数据传输出境不需要许可证。该框架还包括解决其他非关税壁垒的承诺，以及与劳工标准、环境保护有关的事项..." }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General investigation into Lorex Technology over alleged deceptive sale of goods known to pose national security and privacy risks", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-ken-paxton-investigates-security-camera-company-potential-ties-chinese-communist", "description": "On 29 October 2025, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton announced an investigation into Lorex Technology concerning the potential sale of security cameras from a system linked to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The Attorney General's Office stated that it would investigate whether Lorex is deceptively marketing products as secure and safe for residential use, despite knowledge of their national security and privacy risks. This follows reports that Lorex, although acquired by Taiwan-based Sky...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长对 Lorex Technology 涉嫌欺骗性销售已知构成国家安全和隐私风险的商品进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 29 日，德克萨斯州总检察长肯·帕克斯顿 (Ken Paxton) 宣布对 Lorex Technology 进行调查，涉及可能销售与中国共产党 (CCP) 有关的系统的安全摄像头。总检察长办公室表示，将调查 Lorex 是否在欺骗性地宣传产品安全可靠，适合住宅使用，尽管了解其国家安全和隐私风险。此前有报道称 Lorex 虽然被台湾 Sky 收购..." }, { "date": "26 October 2025", "title": "ASEAN AI Safety Network (ASEAN AI Safe)", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/11.-Declaration-on-the-Establishment-of-an-ASEAN-AI-Safe.pdf", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) adopted the Declaration on the Establishment of an ASEAN AI Safety Network (ASEAN AI Safe). The Declaration established ASEAN AI Safe as a voluntary and non-binding regional mechanism within ASEAN structures. ASEAN AI Safe is tasked with coordinating regional work on AI safety through information exchange, capacity development, and collaboration among governments, civil society, academia, industry, dia...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东盟人工智能安全网络（ASEAN AI Safe）", "description_zh": "2025年10月26日，东南亚国家联盟（ASEAN）成员国通过了《关于建立东盟人工智能安全网络（ASEAN AI Safe）的宣言》。该宣言将东盟人工智能安全确立为东盟结构内的自愿和非约束性区域机制。东盟人工智能安全的任务是通过政府、民间社会、学术界、工业界、媒体之间的信息交流、能力发展和合作，协调人工智能安全的区域工作。" }, { "date": "11 October 2025", "title": "New York Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act (As part of 2025-2026 Budget Bill S3008C)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3008/amendment/C", "description": "On 10 November 2025, the Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act, which was introduced to the Senate on 22 January 2025 as part of the 2025–2026 Executive Budget (Senate Bill S3008C), adopted on 7 May 2025, signed on 9 May 2025, and upheld by the US District Court on 8 October 2025, entered into full force and effect. The stay imposed during litigation (2 July – 8 October 2025) was lifted, and the Attorney General of New York commenced enforcement of GBL § 349-a without a grace period. The adopted...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约算法定价披露法案（作为 2025-2026 预算法案 S3008C 的一部分）", "description_zh": "2025年11月10日，《算法定价披露法案》全面生效，该法案作为2025-2026年行政预算（参议院法案S3008C）的一部分于2025年1月22日提交参议院，于2025年5月7日通过，于2025年5月9日签署，并于2025年10月8日由美国地方法院维持。诉讼期间（2025 年 7 月 2 日至 10 月 8 日）施加的中止被取消，纽约总检察长开始执行 GBL § 349-a，没有宽限期。所采用的..." }, { "date": "10 August 2025", "title": "National Retail Federation filed lawsuit challenging the Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act (National Retail Federation v James / Case No. 1:25-cv-05500)", "url": "https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2025cv05500/645244/44/0.pdf", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the US District Court for the Southern District of New York issued its Opinion and Order dismissing the NRF’s challenge to the Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act, which was introduced to the Senate on 22 January 2025, adopted on 7 May 2025, and signed into law on 9 May 2025. The Act will require entities using personalised algorithmic pricing to disclose this fact to their customers. The court applied the Zauderer standard for compelled commercial speech, ruling the disclos...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "全国零售联合会提起诉讼，质疑《算法定价披露法》（全国零售联合会诉 James/案件号 1:25-cv-05500）", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 8 日，美国纽约南区地方法院发布意见和命令，驳回 NRF 对《算法定价披露法案》的质疑，该法案于 2025 年 1 月 22 日提交参议院，于 2025 年 5 月 7 日通过，并于 2025 年 5 月 9 日签署成为法律。该法案将要求使用个性化算法定价的实体向其客户披露这一事实。法院适用了强制商业言论的 Zauderer 标准，裁定披露..." }, { "date": "11 May 2025", "title": "Consumer alert on enforcement of the algorithmic pricing disclosure act", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/press-release/2025/attorney-general-james-warns-new-yorkers-about-algorithmic-pricing-new-law-takes", "description": "On 5 November 2025, the Office of the Attorney General (OAG) of the State of New York issued a consumer alert to warn residents about the use of algorithmic pricing and to remind businesses of disclosure obligations under the Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act. The OAG announced that, effective 10 November 2025, the Algorithmic Pricing Disclosure Act requires companies employing such pricing mechanisms to display clear disclosures notifying consumers that prices are set using personal data. T...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于算法定价披露法案执行的消费者警报", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 5 日，纽约州总检察长办公室 (OAG) 发布消费者警报，警告居民有关算法定价的使用，并提醒企业遵守《算法定价披露法》规定的披露义务。 OAG 宣布，《算法定价披露法案》自 2025 年 11 月 10 日起生效，要求采用此类定价机制的公司进行明确的披露，通知消费者价格是使用个人数据设定的。特..." }, { "date": "11 May 2025", "title": "Budget Bill including regulation of artificial intelligence companion models (S3005-C / A3005-C / Chapter 55 of the Laws of 2025)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3008/amendment/C", "description": "On 5 November 2025, the regulation of artificial intelligence companion models adopted as part of the Budget Bill (S3008-C /A3008-C) entered into force. The Bill amends the General Business Law to introduce requirements addressed to operators of AI companion models. Specifically, such models would be required to include a protocol taking reasonable efforts for detecting and addressing suicidal ideation or expressions of self-harm by users and referring them to crisis service providers. Furthe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "预算法案，包括人工智能伴侣模型的监管（S3005-C / A3005-C / 2025 年法律第 55 章）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 5 日，作为预算法案 (S3008-C /A3008-C) 一部分通过的人工智能伴侣模型监管生效。该法案修订了《一般商业法》，引入了针对人工智能配套模型运营商的要求。具体来说，此类模型需要包括一项协议，采取合理的努力来检测和解决用户的自杀意念或自残表达，并将其转介给危机服务提供商。进一步..." }, { "date": "24 October 2025", "title": "Department of Justice investigation into Google's acquisition of Wiz", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/early-termination-notices/20251149?", "description": "On 24 October 2025, the Department of Justice concluded the investigation into Google's acquisition of Wiz, a cloud security company. The decision marked an early termination of the mandatory review period. On 18 March 2025, Google announced an agreement to acquire Wiz for USD 32 billion. Google stated that combining its Artificial Intelligence and security expertise with Wiz’s technology will enhance automated security operations, reduce implementation costs, and improve protection against e...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部对谷歌收购 Wiz 进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 24 日，司法部结束了对谷歌收购云安全公司 Wiz 的调查。该决定标志着强制审查期的提前终止。 2025 年 3 月 18 日，谷歌宣布达成协议，以 320 亿美元收购 Wiz。谷歌表示，将其人工智能和安全专业知识与 Wiz 的技术相结合，将增强自动化安全操作，降低实施成本，并提高对 e..." }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force within Enforcement Division of California Privacy Protection Agency", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20251119.html", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CalPrivacy) established the Data Broker Enforcement Strike Force within its Enforcement Division to investigate privacy violations by the data broker industry. The Enforcement Division will review compliance with the data broker registration requirement in the Delete Act and with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The Strike Force builds upon the 2024 investigative sweep into data broker compliance with the Delete Act’s r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局执法部门内的数据经纪人执法打击力量", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 19 日，加州隐私保护局 (CalPrivacy) 在其执法部门内成立了数据经纪人执法打击小组，以调查数据经纪人行业的隐私侵犯行为。执法部门将审查《删除法案》中数据经纪人注册要求和《加州消费者隐私法案》(CCPA) 的遵守情况。 Strike Force 建立在 2024 年对数据经纪人遵守《删除法案》规定的调查基础上..." }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Attorney General investigation into Jam City over alleged failure to offer consumers methods to opt-out of the sale or sharing of their personal information under California Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-secures-14-million-settlement-mobile-app-gaming-company", "description": "On 21 November 2025, the Attorney General announced a settlement with Jam City, resolving allegations that the company violated the California Consumer Privacy Act by failing to offer consumers methods to opt out of the sale or sharing of their personal information across 21 mobile gaming applications. The Attorney General stated that Jam City generates revenue through disclosing personal information for advertising and that Jam City and its advertising technology partners use consumer inform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总检察长对 Jam City 进行调查，原因是 Jam City 涉嫌未能根据《加州消费者隐私法》向消费者提供选择不出售或分享其个人信息的方法", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 21 日，总检察长宣布与 Jam City 达成和解，解决了该公司违反《加州消费者隐私法》的指控，该公司未能向消费者提供选择退出在 21 个移动游戏应用程序中出售或共享其个人信息的方法。总检察长表示，Jam City 通过披露个人信息用于广告来产生收入，Jam City 及其广告技术合作伙伴使用消费者信息..." }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "NetChoice lawsuit against State of Virginia concerning alleged First Amendment violations in Bill amending Consumer Data Protection Act to Prohibit Addictive Social Media Feeds (SB 854/HB 1624)", "url": "https://netchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Virginia-PI-Opinion_Granted.pdf", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia granted a preliminary injunction in the case of NetChoice v Attorney General of Virginia, blocking the enforcement of Senate Bill 854 (SB 854). The Court found that NetChoice possessed third-party standing and satisfied the legal requirements for a preliminary injunction, specifically noting a \"substantial likelihood of success on the merits\" and asserting that the law was unlikely to survive strict or ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NetChoice 对弗吉尼亚州提起诉讼，指控修订《消费者数据保护法》以禁止令人上瘾的社交媒体信息的法案违反第一修正案 (SB 854/HB 1624)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，美国弗吉尼亚东区地方法院就 NetChoice 诉弗吉尼亚州总检察长一案颁发了初步禁令，阻止执行参议院第 854 号法案 (SB 854)。法院认为 NetChoice 拥有第三方地位并满足初步禁令的法律要求，特别指出“就案情而言成功的可能性很大”，并断言该法律不太可能在严格或......" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Federal Communications Commission's investigation into Comcast over alleged data breach (No. EB-IHD-24-00037307)", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-25-973A1.pdf", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Federal Communications Commission's Enforcement Bureau entered into a consent decree requiring Comcast to pay USD 1.5 million, resolving an investigation concerning a data breach. The investigation concerned a data breach at Financial Business and Consumer Solutions (FBCS), a former debt collection vendor for Comcast, which, between 14 and 26 February 2024, exposed personally identifiable information of 237,702 current and former Comcast customers. The breach compromi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦通信委员会对康卡斯特涉嫌数据泄露的调查（编号：EB-IHD-24-00037307）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 24 日，美国联邦通信委员会执法局签署了一项同意令，要求康卡斯特支付 150 万美元，以解决有关数据泄露的调查。该调查涉及康卡斯特前收债供应商金融业务和消费者解决方案 (FBCS) 的数据泄露事件，该事件在 2024 年 2 月 14 日至 26 日期间泄露了 237,702 名康卡斯特现任和前任客户的个人身份信息。此次违规行为危及..." }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Kids Online Safety Act 2025 (House of Representatives version)", "url": "https://d1dth6e84htgma.cloudfront.net/02_H_R_Kids_Online_Safety_Act_b3f507d46a.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Chairmen of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce and Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade announced that they would consider the Kids Online Safety Act as part of a hearing on legislative solutions for protecting children and teenagers online. The Act, presented in its draft form, would apply to user-generated content platforms in relation to children (under-13s) and minors (under-17s). The Act would require covered platforms to establish reasonabl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年儿童在线安全法案（众议院版本）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 25 日，众议院能源和商业委员会以及商业、制造和贸易小组委员会主席宣布，他们将考虑将《儿童在线安全法案》作为保护儿童和青少年在线立法解决方案听证会的一部分。该法案以草案形式提出，将适用于与儿童（13 岁以下）和未成年人（17 岁以下）相关的用户生成内容平台。该法案将要求涵盖的平台建立合理的……" }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Don't Sell Kids' Data Act, 2025 (HR 6292)", "url": "https://d1dth6e84htgma.cloudfront.net/18_H_R_6292_Don_t_Sell_Kids_Data_Act_of_2025_f93d3601ee.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Don't Sell Kids' Data Act, 2025 (HR 6292) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act applies to data brokers, and restricts them from collecting, maintaining, or using the personal data of users known to be minors, with the exception of data required to ensure compliance. Data maintained to assist with compliance may only be used for this purpose. The Act requires, in addition to the prevention of sale, collection, or use of such data, that data brokers d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止出售儿童数据法案，2025 年 (HR 6292)", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 25 日，众议院提出了《2025 年禁止出售儿童数据法案》(HR 6292)。该法案适用于数据经纪人，并限制他们收集、维护或使用已知为未成年人的用户的个人数据，但确保合规所需的数据除外。为协助合规而维护的数据只能用于此目的。该法案要求，除了防止出售、收集或使用此类数据外，数据经纪人还……" }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit over alleged unlawful copying of copyrighted sound recordings for AI-music training (UMG Recordings v Suno/Case 1:24-cv-11611)", "url": "https://www.wmg.com/news/warner-music-group-and-suno-forge-groundbreaking-partnership", "description": "On 25 November 2025, Warner Music Group announced that it had reached a settlement with Suno in the copyright lawsuit initiated on 24 June 2024. The complaint had alleged that Suno reproduced and ingested copyrighted sound recordings to train its generative AI model, including works protected under 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq. and 17 U.S.C. § 1401, and sought injunctive relief and statutory damages. The announcement explained that Warner Music Group and Suno had entered into a partnership to supp...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉嫌非法复制受版权保护的录音用于人工智能音乐培训的诉讼（UMG Recordings v Suno/Case 1:24-cv-11611）", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 25 日，华纳音乐集团宣布在 2024 年 6 月 24 日发起的版权诉讼中与 Suno 达成和解。该诉讼指控 Suno 复制并摄取受版权保护的录音来训练其生成人工智能模型，其中包括受《美国法典》第 17 条保护的作品。 §§ 101 及以下。和 17 U.S.C. § 1401，并寻求禁令救济和法定损害赔偿。该公告解释说，华纳音乐集团和 Suno 已建立合作伙伴关系，以支持..." }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged copyright infringement during AI system training (The New York Times v OpenAI, Microsoft)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.612697/gov.uscourts.nysd.612697.1049.0.pdf", "description": "On 2 December 2025, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ordered OpenAI to produce 20 million ChatGPT logs within 7 days after denying the company's motion for reconsideration. The case involves a dispute between OpenAI and the New York Times, who, alongside other media organisations, claim that OpenAI used copyrighted works for AI training purposes. The order aims to uncover information necessary to evaluate whether copyright infringement occurred and follow...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能系统训练期间涉嫌侵犯版权的诉讼（《纽约时报》诉 OpenAI、微软）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 2 日，美国纽约南区地方法院在驳回 OpenAI 的复议动议后，命令 OpenAI 在 7 天内提供 2000 万条 ChatGPT 日志。该案涉及 OpenAI 与《纽约时报》之间的纠纷，后者与其他媒体机构一起声称 OpenAI 将受版权保护的作品用于人工智能训练目的。该命令旨在揭露评估是否发生版权侵权所需的信息并遵循......" }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Sentencing Accountability for Exploitation Act (SAFE Act/SB 3394)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3394/text?s=2&r=3", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Sentencing Accountability for Exploitation Act (SAFE Act/SB 3394) was introduced to the Senate. The Act would direct the United States Sentencing Commission to review and amend its sentencing guidelines on child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Specifically, the Act would require the Commission to take into account the use of modern computer and internet technologies, recognising a number of possible aggravating factors. These factors include a defendant's involvement in ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《剥削量刑责任法》（SAFE 法/SB 3394）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，《剥削量刑责任法案》（SAFE Act/SB 3394）被提交给参议院。该法案将指示美国量刑委员会审查并修改其关于儿童性虐待材料（CSAM）的量刑指南。具体来说，该法案将要求委员会考虑现代计算机和互联网技术的使用，并认识到一些可能的加重因素。这些因素包括被告参与......" }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Ending Coercion of Children and Harm Online Act (ECCHO Act/SB 3397)", "url": "https://www.grassley.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/ending_coercion_of_children_and_harm_online_act.pdf", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Ending Coercion of Children and Harm Online Act (ECCHO Act/SB 3397) was introduced to the Senate. The Act would create a new offence called \"coercion of children to commit harm.\" The offence would make it unlawful to intentionally coerce a minor to commit suicide, harm others, or commit acts such as doxxing or swatting. According to the co-sponsors, the Act aims to specifically criminalise the actions of certain online criminal networks.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "终止对儿童的胁迫和在线伤害法案（ECCHO 法案/SB 3397）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，《终止强迫儿童和在线伤害法案》（ECCHO 法案/SB 3397）提交给参议院。该法案将设立一项新罪行，称为“强迫儿童实施伤害”。该罪名规定，故意强迫未成年人自杀、伤害他人或进行人肉搜索或殴打等行为均属非法。据共同提案者称，该法案旨在专门将某些在线犯罪网络的行为定为犯罪。" }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Stop Sextortion Act (SB 3398)", "url": "https://www.grassley.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/stop_sextortion_act.pdf", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Stop Sextortion Act (SB 3398) was introduced to the Senate. The Act would criminalise the threat to distribute visual depictions of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) with the intent to intimidate, coerce, extort, or cause emotional distress to a person. Further, the Act would raise the maximum prison term for offenders to 10 years. According to the co-sponsors of the bill, the changes are intended to address both financially motivated sextortion and sadistic online ex...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "停止性勒索法案 (SB 3398)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，《停止性勒索法案》(SB 3398) 提交参议院。该法案将威胁传播儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的视觉描述，意图恐吓、胁迫、勒索或造成他人情绪困扰的行为定为刑事犯罪。此外，该法案还将罪犯的最高刑期提高至 10 年。据该法案的共同发起人称，这些变化旨在解决出于经济动机的性勒索和虐待狂的在线前..." }, { "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into Illuminate Education over failure to secure students' personal data", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/12/04/2025-21892/illuminate-education-inc-analysis-of-proposed-consent-order-to-aid-public-comment", "description": "On 5 January 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) closes a consultation on its proposed consent order against educational technology provider Illuminate Education. The FTC alleged that Illuminate Education failed to take appropriate cybersecurity measures, leading to a cybersecurity incident in which the personal data of 10.1 million students was compromised. The FTC complaint claims that Illuminate Education did not implement reasonable access controls, effective threat detection and res...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会因未能保护学生个人数据而对 Illuminate Education 进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 5 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 结束了针对教育技术提供商 Illuminate Education 的拟议同意令的磋商。 FTC 指控 Illuminate Education 未能采取适当的网络安全措施，导致 1010 万学生的个人数据遭到泄露的网络安全事件。 FTC 投诉称 Illuminate Education 没有实施合理的访问控制、有效的威胁检测和应对..." }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Digital Trade Promotion Act of 2025 (SB 3399) was introduced to Senate", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3399/text?s=1&r=48&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22actionDateChamber%3A%5C%22119%7CS%7C2025-12-09%5C%22+AND+%28billIsReserved%3A%5C%22N%5C%22+OR+type%3A%5C%22AMENDMENT%5C%22%29%22%7D", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Digital Trade Promotion Act of 2025 (SB 3399) was introduced in the Senate. The Bill would authorise the President to negotiate and conclude digital trade agreements with other countries to regulate electronic commerce and cross-border data flows. Under the Bill, agreements would address discriminatory treatment of digital products and services, and cover measures regarding the prohibition of discriminatory taxes, the facilitation of cross-border data flows, prohibitio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年数字贸易促进法案 (SB 3399) 已提交参议院", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，参议院提出了《2025 年数字贸易促进法案》(SB 3399)。该法案将授权总统与其他国家谈判并缔结数字贸易协定，以规范电子商务和跨境数据流。根据该法案，协议将解决数字产品和服务的歧视性待遇，并涵盖禁止歧视性税收、促进跨境数据流动、禁止歧视性税收等措施。" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Texas Attorney General lawsuit against Sony Corporation over alleged automatic content recognition surveillance practices", "url": "https://texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-paxton-sues-five-major-tv-companies-including-some-ties-ccp-spying-texans", "description": "On 15 December 2025, the Texas Attorney General filed Texas’s original petition and application for permanent injunction against Sony Corporation of America and Sony Electronics in the District Court of Nueces County, Texas. The lawsuit concerns the use of automatic content recognition technology in Sony Smart TVs to collect and analyse audio and visual content displayed through streaming applications, cable services, and connected devices. The petition alleges that data collection occurs wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州总检察长就索尼公司涉嫌自动内容识别监控行为提起诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 15 日，德克萨斯州总检察长向德克萨斯州纽埃西斯县地方法院提交了德克萨斯州针对美国索尼公司和索尼电子的永久禁令的原始请愿书和申请。该诉讼涉及索尼智能电视中使用自动内容识别技术来收集和分析通过流媒体应用程序、有线服务和连接设备显示的音频和视频内容。请愿书声称数据收集是在......" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into Illusory Systems over alleged inadequate data security practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/12/ftc-will-require-illusory-systems-return-money-stolen-hackers-implement-information-security-program", "description": "On 16 December 2025, the Federal Trade Commission announced a settlement with Illusory Systems, operating as Nomad, through a proposed consent order addressing allegations that inadequate data security practices led to the 2022 breach. The FTC alleged that Nomad failed to honour its “security-first” claims, resulting in the theft of approximately USD 186 million, with consumers ultimately losing around USD 100 million. Under the proposed consent order, Nomad would be required to implement a c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会因涉嫌数据安全实践不足而对 Illustory Systems 进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 16 日，联邦贸易委员会宣布与以 Nomad 名义运营的 Illusory Systems 达成和解，通过一项拟议同意令解决有关数据安全实践不足导致 2022 年数据泄露的指控。 FTC 指控 Nomad 未能履行其“安全第一”的主张，导致约 1.86 亿美元被盗，消费者最终损失约 1 亿美元。根据拟议的同意令，保荐人将被要求实施一项..." }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "States' right to regulate AI Act (SB 3557)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3557", "description": "Official source record dated 17 December 2025 for United States of America concerning States' right to regulate AI Act (SB 3557). See the linked congress.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "各州监管人工智能的权利法案 (SB 3557)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 17 日，《各州监管人工智能 (AI) 权利法案》在参议院提出。该法案旨在禁止使用联邦资金来实施、管理或执行 2025 年 12 月 11 日发布的确保人工智能国家政策框架的行政命令。该命令旨在建立一个统一的国家人工智能政策框架，旨在最大限度地减少监管负担，预防相互冲突的州法律，并平衡创新与保护儿童、版权……" }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Federal Communications Commission inquiry into state and local requirements potentially constraining telecommunications infrastructure deployment", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/FCC-25-66A1.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2025, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) closed a consultation in its inquiry into the preemption of state artificial intelligence laws. The inquiry explores whether any state and local permitting rules, fees, and delays that may obstruct the deployment of modern wireline telecommunications infrastructure may be preempted by the FCC under the Communications Act. Specifically, p. 53 of the inquiry requested public comment on whether the FCC should consider whether state...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦通信委员会对可能限制电信基础设施部署的州和地方要求进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 17 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 结束了对各州人工智能法律优先权的调查咨询。该调查探讨了任何可能阻碍现代有线电信基础设施部署的州和地方许可规则、费用和延误是否可能被 FCC 根据《通信法》抢占。具体来说，p。调查的第 53 条要求公众就 FCC 是否应考虑是否声明......" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence oversight of verified exports and restrictions on weaponizable advanced technology to covered high-risk actors Act (AI OVERWATCH Act/HB 6875)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6875", "description": "On 18 December 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Oversight of Verified Exports and Restrictions on Weaponizable Advanced Technology to Covered High-Risk Actors Act (AI OVERWATCH Act) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Act proposes amendments to the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 to require individual export licences for certain advanced integrated circuits. Its scope covers exports, reexports, and transfers of high-performance, data-centre-oriented chips and related produc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能对已核实出口的监督以及对可武器化先进技术的限制以涵盖高风险行为者法案（AI OVERWATCH Act/HB 6875）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 18 日，众议院提出了《人工智能监督出口和限制高风险参与者可武器化先进技术法案》（《人工智能监督法案》）。该法案提议对 2018 年出口管制改革法案进行修订，要求某些先进集成电路需要单独的出口许可证。其范围涵盖高性能、面向数据中心的芯片及相关产品的出口、再出口和转让。" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Proclamation invoking Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act national security concerns with respect to imports of semiconductors", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/01/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-takes-action-on-certain-advanced-computing-chips-to-protect-americas-economic-and-national-security/", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the President of the United States signed a Proclamation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 concerning imports of semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and related derivative products. The Proclamation introduces a 25% tariff on certain advanced computing chips, including the NVIDIA H200 and AMD MI325X models. The measure provides exemptions for chips imported for purposes related to the development of the domestic technology supply chain...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "就半导体进口援引《贸易扩展法》第 232 条国家安全问题的公告", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，美国总统根据 1962 年贸易扩展法第 232 条签署了一项关于半导体、半导体制造设备及相关衍生产品进口的公告。该公告对某些先进计算芯片（包括 NVIDIA H200 和 AMD MI325X 型号）征收 25% 的关税。该措施为与国内技术供应链发展相关的目的进口芯片提供豁免......" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Justice Department investigation into web3adspanels over alleged account takeover fraud", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-seizure-stolen-password-database-used-bank-account-takeover", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Justice Department announced the seizure of the web domain web3adspanels and its associated database used to facilitate a bank account takeover fraud scheme. The criminal group delivered fraudulent advertisements through search engines, including Google and Bing, which redirected victims to fake banking websites to harvest their login credentials via malicious software. These stolen credentials allowed criminals to access legitimate bank accounts and drain funds, resu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司法部对 web3adspanels 涉嫌账户接管欺诈展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 22 日，司法部宣布查封网络域名 web3adspanels 及其相关数据库，这些数据库用于促进银行账户接管欺诈计划。该犯罪团伙通过谷歌和必应等搜索引擎投放欺诈性广告，将受害者重定向到虚假银行网站，以通过恶意软件获取他们的登录凭据。这些被盗的凭据使犯罪分子能够访问合法的银行账户并耗尽资金，结果..." }, { "title": "Bill amending California Consumer Privacy Act to prohibit sale or sharing of sensitive personal information to third parties (AB 1542)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1542", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Bill amending California Consumer Privacy Act to prohibit the sale or sharing of sensitive personal information to third parties (AB 1542) was introduced to the State Assembly. The Bill would amend the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, to prohibit businesses, service providers, and contractors from selling or sharing the sensitive personal information of consumers to third parties.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《加州消费者隐私法》的法案，禁止向第三方出售或共享敏感个人信息 (AB 1542)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 5 日，向州议会提交了修订《加州消费者隐私法》的法案，禁止向第三方出售或共享敏感个人信息 (AB 1542)。该法案将修订经 2020 年加州隐私权法案修订的 2018 年加州消费者隐私法案，禁止企业、服务提供商和承包商向第三方出售或共享消费者的敏感个人信息。" }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency investigation into Rickenbacher (Datamasters) over alleged failure to register as a data broker (No. ENF25-172-D-DA)", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/datamasters_order_signed.pdf", "description": "On 30 December 2025, the Board of the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) issued a USD 45'000 fine against Rickenbacher (Datamasters), a Texas-based personal information reseller, for failure to register as data broker. The final order issued by the CPPA stated that Datamasters bought and sold large-scale consumer datasets, including health, demographic, behavioural, and financial information, while failing to register as a data broker for targeted marketing by the legal deadline. In ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局对 Rickenbacher (Datamasters) 涉嫌未注册为数据经纪人展开调查（编号 ENF25-172-D-DA）", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 30 日，加州隐私保护局 (CPPA) 委员会对德克萨斯州的个人信息经销商 Rickenbacher (Datamasters) 处以 45,000 美元的罚款，原因是其未能注册为数据经纪人。 CPPA 发布的最终命令称，Datamasters 买卖大规模消费者数据集，包括健康、人口、行为和财务信息，但未能在法定期限内注册为用于定向营销的数据经纪人。在 ..." }, { "title": "Attorney General of Kentucky's lawsuit against Character Technologies over alleged child safety violations on AI chatbot platform (No. 26-CI-00029)", "url": "https://www.ag.ky.gov/Press%20Release%20Attachments/CTI%20Complaint%20Motion%20and%20Order%20Filed.pdf", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the Attorney General of Kentucky filed a lawsuit against Character Technologies, Inc. over alleged child safety violations on its Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot platform, Character AI. The complaint alleged violations of Kentucky's Consumer Protection Act, consumer data protection laws, and privacy protections relating to the Character AI chatbot platform, which reportedly has over 20 million monthly active users. The lawsuit alleged that Character AI encourages suici...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯塔基州总检察长对 Character Technologies 提起诉讼，指控其在 AI 聊天机器人平台上涉嫌侵犯儿童安全行为（编号 26-CI-00029）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 8 日，肯塔基州总检察长对 Character Technologies, Inc. 提起诉讼，指控其人工智能 (AI) 聊天机器人平台 Character AI 涉嫌侵犯儿童安全。该投诉涉嫌违反肯塔基州消费者保护法、消费者数据保护法以及与Character AI聊天机器人平台相关的隐私保护，据报道该平台每月有超过2000万活跃用户。该诉讼称，Character AI 鼓励自杀……" }, { "title": "Bill prohibiting sale of toys with companion chatbots (SB 867)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB867", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Bill prohibiting the sale of toys with companion chatbots (SB 867) was introduced in the California Senate. The Bill would amend the Business and Professions Code by adding Chapter 22.6.5, instituting a ban on the manufacture, sale, exchange, or possession with intent to sell of toys that incorporate a companion chatbot. Under the proposed legislation, a toy is defined as a product designed or intended for play by children aged 12 years or younger. The term companion ch...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "禁止销售带有聊天机器人伴侣的玩具的法案 (SB 867)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 5 日，加州参议院提出了禁止销售带有聊天机器人伴侣的玩具的法案 (SB 867)。该法案将修订《商业和职业法典》，添加第 22.6.5 章，禁止制造、销售、交换或意图销售包含聊天机器人的玩具。根据拟议的立法，玩具被定义为设计或供 12 岁或以下儿童玩耍的产品。术语“伴侣”..." }, { "title": "Act relating to use of algorithmic devices in setting amount of rent to be charged to a residential tenant (HB 201)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/hb201.html?", "description": "On 7 January 2026, an Act relating to the use of algorithmic devices in setting amount of rent to be charged to a residential tenant was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill would apply to residential landlords operating in Kentucky. It would prohibit landlords from employing, using, or relying on algorithmic devices to determine the amount of rent charged to a tenant. The Bill defines an algorithmic device as a tool that uses one or more algorithms to analyse rental data and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与使用算法设备确定向住宅租户收取的租金金额有关的法案（HB 201）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 7 日，众议院向众议院提交了一项有关使用算法设备确定向住宅租户收取的租金金额的法案。该法案将适用于在肯塔基州经营的住宅业主。它将禁止房东雇用、使用或依赖算法设备来确定向租户收取的租金金额。该法案将算法设备定义为一种使用一种或多种算法来分析租赁数据并......" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Bill amending Codified Laws to include provisions prohibiting creation and distribution of digitally fabricated materials (No. SB 41)", "url": "https://mylrc.sdlegislature.gov/api/Documents/292841.pdf", "description": "On 13 January 2026, the Bill amending section 22-21-4 of the Codified Laws to include provisions prohibiting the creation and distribution of digitally fabricated materials was introduced to the Senate. The Bill aims to address unlawful recording and distribution of private images and prohibit photographing or recording someone without consent. The amendment seeks to expand privacy protections and criminalise certain digitally fabricated sexual content. The Bill applies to entities involved i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订成文法的法案，纳入禁止创建和分发数字制作材料的条款（第 SB 41 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 13 日，向参议院提交了修订成文法第 22-21-4 条的法案，其中包括禁止创建和分发数字材料的条款。该法案旨在解决非法记录和传播私人图像的问题，并禁止在未经同意的情况下拍摄或录制某人。该修正案旨在扩大隐私保护，并将某些数字捏造的色情内容定为犯罪。该法案适用于涉及...的实体" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Federal Trade Commission investigation into General Motors and OnStar over alleged disclosure of connected vehicle geolocation and driving behaviour data", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/01/ftc-takes-action-against-general-motors-sharing-drivers-precise-location-driving-behavior-data", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) finalised its decision in the case of General Motors LLC, General Motors Holdings LLC and OnStar LLC (Docket No. 242-3052), resolving allegations that were initially filed in January 2025. The Commission voted to approve the final order. This prohibits the companies from disclosing consumers' geolocation and driving behaviour data to consumer reporting agencies for five years. For the full 20-year duration of the order, the companies must...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对通用汽车和安吉星涉嫌泄露联网车辆地理位置和驾驶行为数据进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 就通用汽车有限责任公司、通用汽车控股有限责任公司和安吉星有限责任公司（案件编号 242-3052）一案做出最终决定，解决了最初于 2025 年 1 月提出的指控。委员会投票批准了最终命令。这禁止公司五年内向消费者报告机构披露消费者的地理位置和驾驶行为数据。在订单的整个 20 年期限内，公司必须..." }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "California Attorney General investigation into xAI regarding alleged production of nonconsensual sexually explicit material and child sexual abuse material by Grok AI", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-sends-cease-and-desist-letter-xai-demands-it-halt-illegal", "description": "On 16 January 2026, the California Attorney General's office issued a cease and desist letter to xAI regarding the production of non-consensual sexually explicit material and child sexual abuse material by Grok AI, an AI model developed by xAI and integrated with X. The Attorney General demanded that xAI immediately cease and desist from creating, disclosing, or publicising digitised sexually explicit material portraying individuals without their consent or portraying minors. This includes fa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州总检察长对 xAI 涉嫌 Grok AI 制作未经同意的露骨色情材料和儿童性虐待材料展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 16 日，加州总检察长办公室向 xAI 发出了一份停止函，涉及由 xAI 开发并与 X 集成的人工智能模型 Grok AI 制作未经同意的露骨色情材料和儿童性虐待材料。总检察长要求 xAI 立即停止并停止制作、披露或宣传未经同意的描绘个人或描绘未成年人的数字化露骨色情材料。这包括法..." }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Prohibited Technologies List for state employees and devices", "url": "https://gov.texas.gov/news/post/governor-abbott-updates-texas-prohibited-technologies-list", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Governor of Texas updated the Prohibited Technologies List for state employees and devices to include certain hardware and software associated with the People's Republic of China. Following a threat assessment by the Texas Cyber Command (TXCC), the update extends restrictions to address potential risks to sensitive state information. The TXCC identifies technologies that may pose risks to state infrastructure. The expanded list covers sectors such as machine learning, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家雇员和设备禁止技术清单", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，德克萨斯州州长更新了国家雇员和设备的禁止技术清单，其中包括与中华人民共和国相关的某些硬件和软件。在德克萨斯网络司令部 (TXCC) 进行威胁评估后，此更新扩大了限制范围，以解决敏感国家信息的潜在风险。 TXCC 识别可能对国家基础设施构成风险的技术。扩展后的列表涵盖机器学习等领域……" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged unauthorised disclosure of video viewing history (Salazar v Paramount Global)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/012626zor_ec8f.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the Supreme Court granted a petition for writ of certiorari requesting review of dismissal in a lawsuit concerning alleged unauthorised disclosure of video viewing history (Salazar v Paramount Global). The petition asks the Supreme Court to resolve the matter of \"whether the phrase 'goods or services from a video tape service provider,' as used in the VPPA’s definition of 'consumer,' refers to all of a video tape service provider’s goods or services or only to its audiovis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于涉嫌未经授权披露视频观看历史的诉讼（萨拉查诉派拉蒙全球）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，最高法院批准了一份调卷令状请愿书，要求对涉嫌未经授权披露视频观看历史记录的诉讼（Salazar 诉 Paramount Global）中的驳回进行审查。请愿书要求最高法院解决以下问题：“VPPA 对‘消费者’的定义中使用的‘来自录像带服务提供商的商品或服务’一词是指录像带服务提供商的所有商品或服务，还是仅指其音像……" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Prohibition of advertising artificial intelligence system as licensed mental health professional (S735) under Consumer Fraud Act", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S735", "description": "On 13 January 2026, Senate Bill 735, prohibiting the advertising of artificial intelligence systems as licensed mental health professionals, was introduced in the New Jersey Senate. The Bill would prohibit anyone who develops or deploys an AI system from advertising it to the public as a licensed mental health professional or as able to act as one. The Bill defines \"artificial intelligence\" to include systems that perform tasks under varying and unpredictable circumstances without significant...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "根据《消费者欺诈法》，禁止将人工智能系统作为有执照的心理健康专业人员（S735）进行广告", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 13 日，新泽西州参议院提出了参议院第 735 号法案，禁止将人工智能系统作为有执照的心理健康专业人员进行广告宣传。该法案将禁止任何开发或部署人工智能系统的人以有执照的心理健康专业人士或有能力作为专业人士的身份向公众做广告。该法案将“人工智能”定义为包括在变化和不可预测的情况下执行任务而无需重大..." }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Data privacy protection requirements for consumer health data, health care providers, and patients (S 2969)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S2969", "description": "On 13 January 2026, a Bill (S 2969) establishing data privacy protection requirements for consumer health data, health care providers, and patients was introduced to the New Jersey Senate. The Bill would set out requirements for \"regulated entities\" that collect, process, share or sell \"consumer health data\" relating to a consumer's past, present or future physical or mental health status, and which is either linked to that consumer or could reasonably be linked to them. It would require such...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "消费者健康数据、医疗保健提供者和患者的数据隐私保护要求 (S 2969)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 13 日，向新泽西州参议院提交了一项法案 (S 2969)，该法案规定了消费者健康数据、医疗保健提供者和患者的数据隐私保护要求。该法案将对收集、处理、共享或出售与消费者过去、现在或未来的身体或心理健康状况有关的“消费者健康数据”的“受监管实体”提出要求，这些数据要么与该消费者相关，要么可以合理地与他们相关。就需要这样的..." }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Governor of California investigation into TikTok over alleged censorship of Trump-critical content", "url": "", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the Governor of California, Gavin Newsom, announced an investigation into TikTok via a statement made on social media to determine if the platform is violating state law by censoring content critical of Donald Trump. This review follows a transaction where TikTok established a new joint venture to operate its United States business, reducing Chinese ownership to 19.9% and transferring majority control to American business entities, including allies of Donald Trump. The inv...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州州长就 TikTok 涉嫌审查特朗普批评内容展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 27 日，加利福尼亚州州长加文·纽瑟姆 (Gavin Newsom) 通过在社交媒体上发表的声明宣布对 TikTok 进行调查，以确定该平台审查批评唐纳德·特朗普的内容是否违反了州法律。此次审查之前，TikTok 成立了一家新的合资企业来运营其美国业务，将中国持股比例降至 19.9%，并将多数控制权转移给包括唐纳德·特朗普盟友在内的美国商业实体。投资...", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Bill S2783 expanding Daniel's Law and creating secure portal access duties and penalties for private covered entities", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2026/S2783", "description": "On 13 January 2026, Senate Bill S2783, which would expand so-called Daniel’s Law protections to members of the New Jersey Legislature and municipal court administrators, alongside existing covered persons and their household family members, was introduced to the New Jersey Senate. Daniel's Law prohibits disclosure of residential addresses of certain categories of public officials on certain public-facing State, county and municipal websites. The Bill would amend Daniel's law to extend its app...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "S2783 法案扩展了丹尼尔定律，并为私人实体制定了安全门户访问义务和处罚", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 13 日，参议院法案 S2783 被提交给新泽西州参议院，该法案将把所谓的《丹尼尔法》保护范围扩大到新泽西州立法机关成员和市法院行政人员以及现有的受保护人员及其家庭成员。丹尼尔法禁止在某些面向公众的州、县和市网站上披露某些类别的公职人员的住宅地址。该法案将修改丹尼尔法以扩展其应用范围......" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "California Department of Justice investigative sweep into surveillance pricing under California Consumer Privacy Act", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/data-privacy-day-attorney-general-bonta-focuses-surveillance-pricing-compliance", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the California Department of Justice launched an investigative sweep into businesses’ use of consumers’ personal information to set targeted, individualised prices for goods and services, referred to as surveillance pricing. The Department stated that surveillance pricing may trigger obligations under and violate the California Consumer Privacy Act, including the purpose limitation principle that limits the use of personal information to purposes consistent with consumers’...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州司法部根据《加州消费者隐私法》对监控定价进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 27 日，加州司法部对企业利用消费者个人信息为商品和服务设定有针对性的个性化价格（称为监督定价）的情况展开调查。该部门表示，监控定价可能会引发《加州消费者隐私法》规定的义务并违反《加州消费者隐私法》，其中包括将个人信息的使用限制为符合消费者隐私的目的限制原则。" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Department of the Treasury investigation into Booz Allen Hamilton over failure to safeguard confidential taxpayer information", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0371", "description": "On 26 January 2026, the United States Department of the Treasury announced the cancellation of all contracts with consulting and technology firm Booz Allen Hamilton due to its failure to implement adequate safeguards to protect sensitive data, including confidential taxpayer information accessed through contracts with the Internal Revenue Service. The United States Department of the Treasury confirmed that it held 31 separate contracts with Booz Allen Hamilton, representing USD 4.8 million in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国财政部因未能保护纳税人机密信息而对博思艾伦展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 26 日，美国财政部宣布取消与咨询和技术公司 Booz Allen Hamilton 的所有合同，因为该公司未能采取足够的保护措施来保护敏感数据，包括通过与美国国税局签订的合同获取的机密纳税人信息。美国财政部证实，它与博思艾伦 (Booz Allen Hamilton) 持有 31 份单独合同，价值 480 万美元..." }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Bill amending California Consumer Privacy Act to allow deletion of data not obtained directly from customer (SB 923)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB923", "description": "On 28 January 2026, a bill amending California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) to allow deletion of data not obtained directly from customer (SB 923) was introduced to the Senate. The aim of the bill is to expand the existing CCPA consumer right to request the deletion of personal information to cover any data a business has collected about the consumer, rather than only information collected directly from the consumer. Under the proposed provisions, a business that receives a deletion request fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《加州消费者隐私法》的法案，允许删除并非直接从客户处获得的数据 (SB 923)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 28 日，向参议院提交了一项修订《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 的法案，允许删除并非直接从客户处获得的数据 (SB 923)。该法案的目的是扩大现有的 CCPA 消费者要求删除个人信息的权利，以涵盖企业收集的有关消费者的任何数据，而不仅仅是直接从消费者收集的信息。根据拟议的规定，收到删除请求的企业..." }, { "title": "Federal Trade Commission assessment of data brokers' compliance with Protecting Americans' Data from Foreign Adversaries Act", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/02/ftc-reminds-data-brokers-their-obligations-comply-padfaa", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) sent letters to 13 data brokers regarding their obligations to comply with the Protecting Americans’ Data from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2024 (PADFAA). The PADFAA prohibits data brokers from selling, releasing, or providing access to personally identifiable sensitive data about Americans to any foreign adversary or entity controlled by such countries, including North Korea, China, Russia, and Iran. Under the legislation, sensitive data i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对数据经纪人遵守《保护美国人数据免受外国对手侵害法案》的评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 9 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 致函 13 家数据经纪人，说明其遵守 2024 年保护美国人数据免受外国对手侵害法案 (PADFAA) 的义务。 PADFAA 禁止数据经纪人向任何外国对手或受此类国家（包括朝鲜、中国、俄罗斯和伊朗）控制的实体出售、发布或提供有关美国人的个人身份敏感数据的访问权限。根据该立法，敏感数据..." }, { "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practices for covered minors in Bill amending Kentucky Consumer Privacy Act (HB 633)", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/hb633.html", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Bill amending the Kentucky Consumer Privacy Act (KRS 367.3611 to 367.3629) (HB 633) was introduced to the Kentucky House of Representatives. The Bill applies to covered online services that conduct business in Kentucky, determine the purposes and means of processing consumers' personal data, and annually process personal data of at least 100'000 consumers or derive at least 50% of annual gross revenue from the sale or sharing of personal data. It defines covered mino...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯塔基州消费者隐私法修正案 (HB 633) 法案中针对受保护未成年人的公平营销和广告做法", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 11 日，向肯塔基州众议院提交了修订《肯塔基州消费者隐私法》（KRS 367.3611 至 367.3629）（HB 633）的法案。该法案适用于在肯塔基州开展业务、确定处理消费者个人数据的目的和方式、每年处理至少 100,000 名消费者的个人数据或从销售或共享个人数据中获得至少 50% 的年度总收入的在线服务。 It defines covered mino..." }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Class action lawsuit against Oracle over alleged violations of federal and state privacy laws (Katz-Lacabe and Golbeck v Oracle/Case No. 3:22-cv-04792-RS)", "url": "https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/memoranda/2026/02/13/24-7648.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the final approval of a class-action settlement in a lawsuit against Oracle over alleged violations of federal and state privacy laws (Katz-Lacabe and Golbeck v Oracle). The underlying lawsuit alleged that Oracle violated federal privacy statutes as well as specific privacy laws of California and Florida through its practices of collecting consumer data. The appellate court reviewed the decision of the District Court for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对 Oracle 涉嫌违反联邦和州隐私法的集体诉讼（Katz-Lacabe 和 Golbeck v Oracle/案件号 3:22-cv-04792-RS）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，第九巡回上诉法院确认最终批准针对 Oracle 涉嫌违反联邦和州隐私法的诉讼（Katz-Lacabe 和 Golbeck 诉 Oracle）的集体诉讼和解。该诉讼指控甲骨文收集消费者数据的做法违反了联邦隐私法规以及加利福尼亚州和佛罗里达州的具体隐私法。上诉法院复审了地方法院的裁决……" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Bill on invasion of privacy through wearable recording devices (SB 1130)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1130", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Bill relating to crimes and invasion of privacy through the use of wearable recording devices was introduced to the Senate. The Bill would amend the Penal Code to prohibit a person from operating a wearable recording device to capture sound or video of another person in any area within a place of business where that person has a reasonable expectation of privacy, unless explicit consent is obtained. The Bill defines a wearable recording device as a device worn on or a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于通过可穿戴记录设备侵犯隐私的法案 (SB 1130)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 17 日，有关通过使用可穿戴记录设备进行犯罪和侵犯隐私的法案被提交给参议院。该法案将修订《刑法》，禁止任何人在营业场所内任何区域内操作可穿戴录音设备来捕捉他人的声音或视频，只要该人有合理的隐私预期，除非获得明确同意。该法案将可穿戴记录设备定义为佩戴在...上的设备。" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Bill amending data broker deletion timelines (SB 1106)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1106", "description": "On 13 February 2026, a Bill amending Section 1798.99.86 of the California Civil Code on data broker deletion timelines was introduced to the Senate. The Bill applies to data brokers registered with the California Privacy Protection Agency and shortens compliance timelines under the state’s deletion mechanism. It reduces the required interval for accessing the deletion mechanism from 45 days to 30 days and requires data brokers to process deletion requests, delete personal information, and tre...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订数据代理删除时间表的法案 (SB 1106)", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，向参议院提交了一项修订《加州民法典》第 1798.99.86 条有关数据经纪人删除时间表的法案。该法案适用于在加州隐私保护局注册的数据经纪人，并缩短了该州删除机制下的合规时间表。它将访问删除机制所需的时间间隔从 45 天减少到 30 天，并要求数据经纪人处理删除请求、删除个人信息并..." }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Policy directing federal agencies to discontinue use of technology developed by Anthropic", "url": "https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/116144552969293195", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the President of the United States announced that the government will direct federal agencies to cease using technology from Anthropic, citing concerns that the company attempted to impose its terms of service on the military in a manner that is allegedly conflicting with constitutional authority. The announcement also stated that the company’s actions were harmful to national security and stated there would be a six-month phase-out period for agencies currently using its...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "指导联邦机构停止使用 Anthropic 开发的技术的政策", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，美国总统宣布，政府将指示联邦机构停止使用 Anthropic 的技术，理由是担心该公司试图以涉嫌与宪法权威相冲突的方式将其服务条款强加于军队。该公告还表示，该公司的行为危害国家安全，并表示目前使用其产品的机构将有六个月的逐步淘汰期。" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Data protection regulation in Kids Internet and Digital Safety Act (KIDS Act/HB 7757)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7757/text", "description": "On 3 March 2026, the Kids Internet and Digital Safety Act (KIDS Act/HB 7757) was introduced in the House of Representatives. Under the KIDS Act, a minor is defined as an individual under the age of 17, with children defined as individuals under the age of 13. Under the Stop Profiling Youth and Kids Act or SPY Kids Act (Title II, Subtitle C), providers of covered platforms would be prohibited from conducting market or product-focused research on users or visitors known to be minors, unless the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "儿童互联网和数字安全法案 (KIDS Act/HB 7757) 中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 3 日，《儿童互联网和数字安全法案》（KIDS Act/HB 7757）在众议院提出。根据《儿童法案》，未成年人被定义为 17 岁以下的个人，儿童被定义为 13 岁以下的个人。根据《停止分析青少年和儿童法案》或《间谍儿童法案》（第二章，副标题 C），所涵盖平台的提供商将被禁止对已知为未成年人的用户或访客进行市场或以产品为中心的研究，除非......" }, { "title": "Cyber Strategy for America", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/President-Trumps-Cyber-Strategy-for-America.pdf", "description": "On 6 March 2026, the White House released the Cyber Strategy for America, a national framework designed to guide defensive and offensive operations in cyberspace. The strategy addresses privacy and intellectual property by focusing on technology supply chain security and the use of foreign platforms that conduct surveillance. It is organised around six policy pillars covering adversary behaviour, regulatory requirements, and the modernisation of federal government networks. The framework incl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国网络战略", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 6 日，白宫发布了《美国网络战略》，这是一个旨在指导网络空间防御和进攻行动的国家框架。该战略通过关注技术供应链安全和使用外国平台进行监控来解决隐私和知识产权问题。它围绕六个政策支柱组织，涵盖对手行为、监管要求和联邦政府网络现代化。该框架包括..." }, { "title": "Lawsuit against Perplexity AI over alleged unauthorised access to Amazon's systems (Amazon v Perplexity AI/No. 25-cv-09514-MMC)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cand-3_25-cv-09514/pdf/USCOURTS-cand-3_25-cv-09514-0.pdf", "description": "On 9 March 2026, the District Court of California granted a preliminary injunction against Perplexity AI, restricting its Artificial Intelligence (AI) agentic tools from accessing Amazon’s password-protected systems and requiring the destruction of any Amazon data, including customer information, obtained through such access. The order found that Perplexity likely violated the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and other relevant laws in California by accessing user accounts without authorisation a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Perplexity AI 涉嫌未经授权访问亚马逊系统而提起的诉讼（亚马逊诉 Perplexity AI/No. 25-cv-09514-MMC）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 9 日，加利福尼亚州地方法院对 Perplexity AI 发出初步禁令，限制其人工智能 (AI) 代理工具访问亚马逊的密码保护系统，并要求销毁通过此类访问获得的任何亚马逊数据，包括客户信息。该命令发现，Perplexity 未经授权访问用户帐户，可能违反了《计算机欺诈和滥用法》以及加利福尼亚州的其他相关法律。" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Ban on surveillance-based price and wage setting in House Bill 148", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/bills/hb/hb0148F.pdf", "description": "On 14 January 2026, House Bill 148 was introduced to the Maryland House of Delegates to prohibit surveillance-based price and wage setting through automated decision systems. The Bill prohibits persons from using surveillance data in conjunction with automated decision systems to offer customised prices for goods or services. These restrictions do not apply to customised pricing based on actual cost differences or rewards programs where eligibility is disclosed and based on voluntarily provid...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "众议院第 148 号法案禁止基于监督的价格和工资设定", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，众议院第 148 号法案被提交给马里兰州众议院，禁止通过自动决策系统进行基于监控的价格和工资设定。该法案禁止人们将监控数据与自动决策系统结合使用来为商品或服务提供定制价格。这些限制不适用于基于实际成本差异的定制定价或披露资格并基于自愿提供的奖励计划。" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "SB 1074 concerning online platform self-preferencing", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1074", "description": "On 13 February 2026, SB 1074 concerning online platform self-preferencing was introduced in the California Senate. The Bill applies to providers operating a digital interface (platform) that allows business users or sellers to connect with consumers or other business users that meet certain thresholds. Such platforms are covered if they had an average of 100'000'000 monthly active users at any time in the past 24 months and were owned or operated by an entity or person, on or after 1 January ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SB 1074 关于在线平台自我偏好", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，加州参议院提出了有关在线平台自我偏好的 SB 1074 法案。该法案适用于运营数字接口（平台）的提供商，该数字接口允许企业用户或卖家与满足特定阈值的消费者或其他企业用户建立联系。如果此类平台在过去 24 个月的任何时间平均每月活跃用户数为 100'000'000，并且由实体或个人在 1 月 1 日或之后拥有或运营，则此类平台将受到涵盖......" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Guaranteeing and Upholding Americans' Right to Decide Responsible AI Laws and Standards Act (GUARDRAILS Act/HR 8031)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/8031", "description": "On 20 March 2026, the Guaranteeing and Upholding Americans' Right to Decide Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) Laws and Standards Act (GUARDRAILS Act / HR 8031) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act would repeal the Executive Order entitled \"Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence\", issued on 11 December 2025, which aims to establish a moratorium on state-level AI policies. The Act would render the Executive Order void and prohibit the use of f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《保障和维护美国人决定负责任人工智能法律和标准的权利》（GUARDRAILS Act/HR 8031）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 20 日，《保障和维护美国人决定负责任的人工智能 (AI) 法律和标准的权利法案》（GUARDRAILS 法案 / HR 8031）被提交众议院。该法案将废除 2025 年 12 月 11 日发布的题为“确保人工智能国家政策框架”的行政命令，该命令旨在暂停州级人工智能政策。该法案将使行政命令无效并禁止使用..." }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Senate inquiry on NVIDIA's agreement with Groq over potential competition concerns", "url": "https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/letter_from_senators_warren_blumenthal_to_nvidia_on_groq_deal.pdf", "description": "On 19 March 2026, United States Senators sent a letter to NVIDIA Corporation Chief Executive Officer requesting information on NVIDIA's December 2025 agreement with Groq, an AI chip company, over concerns about competition in the AI semiconductor sector. On 24 December 2025, NVIDIA and Groq announced an agreement under which NVIDIA paid USD 20 billion to acquire a non-exclusive licence for Groq's inference chip design technology and hired key Groq employees, including its chief executive offi...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "参议院对 NVIDIA 与 Groq 就潜在竞争问题达成的协议进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 19 日，出于对 AI 半导体领域竞争的担忧，美国参议员致函 NVIDIA 公司首席执行官，要求提供有关 NVIDIA 与 AI 芯片公司 Groq 于 2025 年 12 月达成的协议的信息。 2025 年 12 月 24 日，NVIDIA 与 Groq 宣布达成协议，NVIDIA 斥资 200 亿美元获得 Groq 推理芯片设计技术的非独家许可，并聘请了包括首席执行官在内的 Groq 关键员工。" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Age verification requirement in Republic Unifying Meritocratic Performance Advancing Machine intelligence by Eliminating Regulatory Interstate Chaos Across American Industry (TRUMP AMERICA AI Act)", "url": "https://www.blackburn.senate.gov/2026/3/technology/blackburn-releases-discussion-draft-of-national-policy-framework-for-artificial-intelligence/3b3b6458-b6c7-478b-9859-374949586765", "description": "On 18 March 2026, a United States Senator released a discussion draft of The Republic Unifying Meritocratic Performance Advancing Machine intelligence by Eliminating Regulatory Interstate Chaos Across American Industry Act. Section 503 would require covered entities to mandate user account creation before granting access to an AI chatbot, to freeze all existing accounts on the effective date of the Act and require users to provide verifiable age data before restoring account functionality, an...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "共和国中的年龄验证要求通过消除美国工业中州际监管混乱来统一精英绩效，推进机器智能（特朗普美国人工智能法案）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，美国参议员发布了《共和国通过消除美国工业州际监管混乱法案统一精英绩效推进机器智能》讨论草案。第 503 条将要求所涵盖的实体在授予人工智能聊天机器人访问权限之前强制创建用户帐户，在该法案生效之日冻结所有现有帐户，并要求用户在恢复帐户功能之前提供可验证的年龄数据，以及……" }, { "title": "Multistate Attorneys General investigation into WeChat over alleged facilitation of fentanyl money laundering", "url": "https://ncdoj.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/3.10.26-Ltr-from-AGs-to-WeChat.pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2026, State Attorneys General from North Carolina, South Carolina, Colorado, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Kentucky wrote to WeChat International Pte. Ltd. setting out commitments made by WeChat following prior engagement. That engagement included the demand letter of 12 May 2025 to WeChat US, Inc. regarding WeChat's alleged role in transnational money laundering linked to the fentanyl trade, a response from WeChat International on 7 July 2025 addressing encryption s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多州总检察长对微信涉嫌协助芬太尼洗钱展开调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 10 日，来自北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州、科罗拉多州、密西西比州、新罕布什尔州、新泽西州和肯塔基州的州总检察长致信微信国际私人有限公司。有限公司列出了微信在事先参与后做出的承诺。该约定包括 2025 年 5 月 12 日向微信美国公司发出的要求函，内容涉及微信涉嫌参与与芬太尼贸易相关的跨国洗钱活动，微信国际于 2025 年 7 月 7 日针对加密问题作出回应。" }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Lawsuit against Meta Platforms over alleged child safety failures and deceptive platform practices (State of New Mexico v. Meta Platforms, Inc. et al., Case No. D-101-CV-2023-02838)", "url": "https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/new-mexico-department-of-justice-wins-landmark-verdict-against-meta/#:~:text=Santa%20Fe%2C%20NM%20%E2%80%93%20In%20a,New%20Mexico's%20consumer%20protection%20laws", "description": "On 24 March 2026, a jury of the First Judicial District Court, County of Santa Fe, issued its decision in a lawsuit brought by the New Mexico Department of Justice against Meta Platforms. The jury found Meta Platforms liable on both counts under the New Mexico Unfair Practices Act. The lawsuit, filed on 5 December 2023, concerned claims that Meta Platforms, Instagram, Meta Payments, and Meta Platforms Technologies exposed minors to child sexual abuse material (CSAM), commercial sexual exploit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 Meta Platforms 涉嫌儿童安全失败和欺骗性平台做法提起的诉讼（新墨西哥州诉 Meta Platforms, Inc. 等人，案件编号：D-101-CV-2023-02838）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 24 日，圣达菲县第一司法地区法院的陪审团在新墨西哥州司法部针对 Meta Platforms 提起的诉讼中做出了裁决。陪审团裁定 Meta Platforms 根据新墨西哥州不公平行为法对这两项罪名负有责任。该诉讼于 2023 年 12 月 5 日提起，指控 Meta Platforms、Instagram、Meta Payments 和 Meta Platforms Technologies 使未成年人接触儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM)、商业性剥削……" }, { "title": "Lawsuit over blacklisting of Anthropic over usage restrictions on autonomous weapons and mass surveillance (Anthropic v Department of War and others/ Case no. 3:26-cv-01996-RFL)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cadc.42923/gov.uscourts.cadc.42923.01208838678.0_1.pdf", "description": "On 8 April 2026, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied Anthropic's motion for a stay against a procurement determination by the Department of War, while granting expedited review of the case. The determination, issued on 3 March 2026 by the Secretary of War, applies to providers of artificial intelligence (AI) goods and services supplying the department, effectively barring Anthropic from federal defence procurement due to alleged national security supply-chain risk...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 Anthropic 因自主武器和大规模监视的使用限制而被列入黑名单的诉讼（Anthropic 诉战争部等/案件号 3:26-cv-01996-RFL）", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 8 日，哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院驳回了 Anthropic 针对战争部采购决定提出的暂缓动议，同时批准对该案进行快速审查。该决定由战争部长于 2026 年 3 月 3 日发布，适用于为国防部提供人工智能 (AI) 商品和服务的提供商，由于涉嫌国家安全供应链风险，实际上禁止 Anthropic 参与联邦国防采购......" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Match Group Americas and Humor Rainbow over alleged deceptive data-sharing practices issued (Case No. 3:26-cv-00996-K)", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/03/ftc-takes-action-against-match-okcupid-deceiving-users-sharing-personal-data-third-party", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) filed a complaint and proposed settlement against Humor Rainbow, Inc., doing business as OkCupid, and its affiliate Match Group Americas (MGA), alleging that OkCupid gave an unrelated third-party facial recognition technology company, Clarifai, Inc., access to nearly 3 million user photos as well as users' demographic and location information in September 2014. The FTC alleged that the data transfer violated OkCupid's privacy policy, which ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会针对 Match Group Americas 和 Humor Rainbow 涉嫌欺诈性数据共享行为提起诉讼（案件号 3:26-cv-00996-K）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 30 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 对以 OkCupid 名义开展业务的 Humor Rainbow, Inc. 及其附属公司 Match Group Americas (MGA) 提出投诉并提出和解方案，指控 OkCupid 在 2014 年 9 月向无关的第三方面部识别技术公司 Clarifai, Inc. 提供了近 300 万张用户照片以及用户人口统计和位置信息的访问权限。FTC 声称数据传输违反了法律OkCupid 的隐私政策，..." }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "California AI procurement certification requirements in Executive Order N-5-26", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/2026/03/30/as-trump-rolls-back-protections-governor-newsom-signs-first-of-its-kind-executive-order-to-strengthen-ai-protections-and-responsible-use/", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Governor of California issued Executive Order N-5-26 on artificial intelligence (AI) procurement standards and the use of generative AI (GenAI) in state government. The Order applies to companies seeking to contract with the state of California that develop or deploy AI tools, as well as to California state agencies and departments. The Order directs the Department of General Services (DGS) and the California Department of Technology (CDT) to submit, within 120 days, rec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政命令 N-5-26 中的加州人工智能采购认证要求", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 30 日，加利福尼亚州州长发布了关于人工智能 (AI) 采购标准和州政府使用生成式人工智能 (GenAI) 的行政命令 N-5-26。该命令适用于寻求与加利福尼亚州签订合同、开发或部署人工智能工具的公司，以及加利福尼亚州机构和部门。该命令指示总务部 (DGS) 和加州技术部 (CDT) 在 120 天内提交建议..." }, { "title": "Regulation on responsible gaming practices (No. 9 NYCRR Part 5404)", "url": "https://gaming.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2026/03/03.25.26.preproposalcommentmemo_responsiblegambling.pdf", "description": "On 15 May 2026, the State Gaming Commission closes the consultation on the regulation on responsible gaming practices. The regulation would apply to all licensed gaming operators in New York State, including mobile sports wagering platforms, video lottery gaming agents, multi-jurisdictional account wagering providers, and lottery courier services. The regulation would prohibit all covered operators from using artificial intelligence to offer personalised promotions or wager suggestions to cus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于负责任博彩行为的规定（NYCRR 第 9 号第 5404 部分）", "description_zh": "2026年5月15日，国家博彩委员会结束负责任博彩行为监管征求意见。该法规将适用于纽约州所有获得许可的博彩运营商，包括移动体育博彩平台、视频彩票博彩代理商、多司法管辖区账户博彩提供商和彩票快递服务。该法规将禁止所有涵盖的运营商使用人工智能向客户提供个性化促销或投注建议..." }, { "title": "Legislative package to protect children online", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/protecting-our-kids-governor-hochul-announces-nation-leading-proposals-protect-kids-online", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Governor of New York announced a legislative package to protect children online and expand youth mental health support. The proposals apply to social media and online gaming platforms operating in New York, requiring them to expand age verification, apply the strictest privacy settings to children's accounts by default, disable certain Artificial Intelligence (AI) chatbot features for minors, and grant parents controls over children's financial transactions.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保护上网儿童的一揽子立法", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 5 日，纽约州州长宣布了一项立法计划，以保护上网儿童并扩大青少年心理健康支持。这些提案适用于在纽约运营的社交媒体和在线游戏平台，要求它们扩大年龄验证范围，默认对儿童账户应用最严格的隐私设置，禁用未成年人的某些人工智能（AI）聊天机器人功能，并授予家长对儿童金融交易的控制权。" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Lawsuit relating to Roku's alleged unlawful collection and disclosure of users' personal data (Attorney General v Roku/Case 2:25-cv-11221-SJM-CI)", "url": "https://assets.law360news.com/2460000/2460127/roku%20order.pdf", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Eastern District Court of Michigan granted Roku's partial motion to dismiss in the case brought by the Michigan Attorney General against the streaming platform provider over its alleged illegal collection and sharing of personal data, including that of children. The Court dismissed five of the seven claims, covering alleged violations of the Video Privacy Protection Act, the Michigan Preservation of Personal Privacy Act, the Michigan Consumer Protection Act, intrusion up...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "与 Roku 涉嫌非法收集和披露用户个人数据有关的诉讼（Attorney General v Roku/Case 2:25-cv-11221-SJM-CI）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 31 日，密歇根州东区法院批准了 Roku 的部分动议，驳回密歇根州总检察长针对流媒体平台提供商涉嫌非法收集和共享个人数据（包括儿童数据）提起的诉讼。法院驳回了七项索赔中的五项，涉及涉嫌违反《视频隐私保护法》、《密歇根州个人隐私保护法》、《密歇根州消费者保护法》、侵犯..." }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Lawsuit alleging addictive platform design causing mental health harm (K.G.M. v Meta et al.)", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eExoERYKSE07S92-6sDZQnCb4TpYzEFF", "description": "On 25 March 2026, the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles issued a ruling in K.G.M. v Meta et al., finding Meta and Google negligent in the design of their platforms, which caused the plaintiff anxiety, body dysmorphia, and depression. The plaintiff had alleged that the companies engineered their platforms to drive compulsive engagement through techniques including infinite scrolling, algorithmic recommendations, and automatic video play. The court had previously denied a moti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "指控成瘾平台设计造成心理健康伤害的诉讼（K.G.M. v Meta et al.）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 25 日，加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县高等法院就 K.G.M. 案作出裁决。 v Meta 等人，发现 Meta 和 Google 在其平台设计上存在疏忽，导致原告焦虑、身体畸形和抑郁。原告声称，这些公司设计的平台是通过无限滚动、算法推荐和自动视频播放等技术来推动强迫性参与。法院此前曾驳回一项动议..." }, { "title": "Lawsuit challenging AI algorithmic discrimination regulation in Colorado Senate Bill 24-205 (X.AI v Colorado Attorney General, Case No. 1:26-cv-01515)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cod.253513/gov.uscourts.cod.253513.1.0.pdf", "description": "On 9 April 2026, X.AI (\"xAI\"), a Nevada-incorporated, California-headquartered developer of the large language model Grok, filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado against the Colorado Attorney General in his official capacity (Case No. 1:26-cv-01515), seeking a declaration that Senate Bill 24-205 (\"SB24-205\") is unconstitutional, a permanent injunction against its enforcement, and costs and attorney's fees under ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州参议院第 24-205 号法案对人工智能算法歧视法规提出诉讼（X.AI 诉科罗拉多州总检察长，案号 1:26-cv-01515）", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 9 日，总部位于加利福尼亚州内华达州的大型语言模型 Grok 开发商 X.AI（“xAI”）以官方身份向美国科罗拉多州地方法院向科罗拉多州总检察长提出宣告性和禁令性救济申诉（案件编号 1:26-cv-01515），寻求一项声明，参议院法案 24-205 （“SB24-205”）违宪，是一项反对其执行的永久禁令，并且根据......" }, { "date": "13 April 2026", "title": "Federal Trade Commission lawsuit against Publishing.com over alleged misleading earnings claims", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2026/04/publishingcom-pay-15-million-misleading-consumers-about-how-much-income-they-could-earn-using", "description": "On 13 April 2026, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced it had reached a settlement and issued a proposed consent order against Publishing.com LLC and its principals regarding deceptive marketing of online self-publishing programs. The order requires the company to pay USD 1.50 million to settle charges that it misled consumers with unsubstantiated earnings claims concerning its AI Publishing Academy and Publishing Accelerator services. Under the terms of the agreement, the company mus...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会对 Publishing.com 提起诉讼，指控其盈利声称存在误导性", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 13 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 宣布已达成和解，并就在线自助出版项目的欺骗性营销向 Publishing.com LLC 及其负责人发出拟议同意令。该命令要求该公司支付 150 万美元，以和解对其 AI Publishing Academy 和 Publishing Accelerator 服务的未经证实的收益主张误导消费者的指控。根据协议条款，公司必须..." }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "Concept Release on Consolidated Audit Trail and Other Audit Trails and Data Sources", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/20/2026-07651/concept-release-on-consolidated-audit-trail-and-other-audit-trails-and-data-sources", "description": "The Securities and Exchange Commission (the \"Commission\") is publishing this concept release to solicit comments in support of a comprehensive review of the Consolidated Audit Trail and other audit trails and related data sources currently used in the regulation of U.S. securities markets, including comments regarding the funding mechanisms for these audit trails and/or related data sources. There have been several developments since the Commission last evaluated the scope and sufficiency of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于合并审计追踪和其他审计追踪和数据源的概念发布", "description_zh": "美国证券交易委员会（以下简称“委员会”）发布此概念新闻稿是为了征求意见，以支持对综合审计追踪和目前在美国证券市场监管中使用的其他审计追踪和相关数据源进行全面审查，包括有关这些审计追踪和/或相关数据源的融资机制的评论。自委员会上次评估……的范围和充分性以来，已经取得了一些进展。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/20/2026-07603/privacy-act-of-1974-system-of-records", "description": "In accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974, we are issuing public notice of our intent to discontinue an existing system of records notice entitled, Hearing Office Tracking System of Claimant Cases (60-0010), last published on January 11, 2006.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "1974 年隐私法；记录系统", "description_zh": "根据 1974 年《隐私法》，我们发布公告，表明我们打算终止现有的记录通知系统，题为“索赔人案件听证会跟踪系统”(60-0010)，最后一次发布于 2006 年 1 月 11 日。" }, { "date": "16 April 2026", "title": "Intent To Request a Revision From OMB of One Current Public Collection of Information: Cybersecurity Measures for Surface Modes", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/16/2026-07364/intent-to-request-a-revision-from-omb-of-one-current-public-collection-of-information-cybersecurity", "description": "The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) invites public comment on one currently-approved Information Collection Request (ICR), Office of Management and Budget (OMB) control number 1652-0074, abstracted below, that we will submit to OMB for a revision in compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA). The ICR describes the nature of the information collection and its expected burden. The collection concerns data concerning the designation of a Cybersecurity Coordinator; the reporti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "打算请求 OMB 修订当前公开收集的一项信息：地面模式的网络安全措施", "description_zh": "运输安全管理局 (TSA) 邀请公众对一项当前批准的信息收集请求 (ICR)（管理和预算办公室 (OMB) 控制号 1652-0074，摘要如下）提出意见，我们将根据《文书减少法案》(PRA) 提交给 OMB 进行修订。 ICR 描述了信息收集的性质及其预期负担。该收集涉及有关指定网络安全协调员的数据；该报告..." }, { "date": "31 January 2026", "title": "Considerations for the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Drug and Biological Products Guidance for Industry and Other Interested Parties; Draft Guidance", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2024-D-4689/09000064868a5642", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Considerations for the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Support Regulatory Decision-Making for Drug and Biological Products Guidance for Industry and Other Interested Parties; Draft Guidance (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "使用人工智能支持药品和生物制品监管决策的考虑因素为行业和其他利益相关方提供指导；指导草案", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：使用人工智能支持药品和生物制品监管决策的考虑因素工业和其他利益相关方指南；指南草案（FDA）" }, { "date": "13 April 2026", "title": "Priorities, Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria: Secretary's Supplemental Priority and Definitions on Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Education", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/ED_FRDOC_0001/09000064b9272c01", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Priorities, Requirements, Definitions, and Selection Criteria: Secretary's Supplemental Priority and Definitions on Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Education (ED)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "优先事项、要求、定义和选择标准：部长关于在教育领域推进人工智能的补充优先事项和定义", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：优先事项、要求、定义和选择标准：部长关于推进教育人工智能的补充优先事项和定义 (ED)" }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "HHS Health Sector AI RFI - Request for Information: Accelerating the Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence as Part of Clinical Care", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/HHS-ONC-2026-0001/09000064b9117661", "description": "US federal rulemaking: HHS Health Sector AI RFI - Request for Information: Accelerating the Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence as Part of Clinical Care (HHS)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HHS 卫生部门 AI RFI - 信息请求：加速人工智能在临床护理中的采用和使用", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：HHS 卫生部门 AI RFI - 信息请求：加速人工智能作为临床护理一部分的采用和使用 (HHS)" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Acquisition Regulation: Prohibition on Certain Semiconductor Products and Services", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAR-2023-0008/0900006486531e6b", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Acquisition Regulation: Prohibition on Certain Semiconductor Products and Services (FAR)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "收购法规：禁止某些半导体产品和服务", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：收购法规：禁止某些半导体产品和服务 (FAR)" }, { "date": "31 January 2026", "title": "Predetermined Change Control Plans for Medical Devices; Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff - Draft Guidance", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2024-D-2338/090000648665ce62", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Predetermined Change Control Plans for Medical Devices; Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff - Draft Guidance (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "医疗器械预定变更控制计划；工业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南草案 - 指南草案", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：医疗器械预定变更控制计划；工业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南草案 - 指南草案 (FDA)" }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Exhaustless Inc. (Auction of Airport Schedule for Summer 2025 to AMS, DCA, EWR, JFK, LGA, YVR, and YYZ)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2024-0065/09000064867a5c9c", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Exhaustless Inc. (Auction of Airport Schedule for Summer 2025 to AMS, DCA, EWR, JFK, LGA, YVR, and YYZ) (DOT)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Exhaustless Inc.（向 AMS、DCA、EWR、JFK、LGA、YVR 和 YYZ 拍卖 2025 年夏季机场时刻表）", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Exhaustless Inc.（向 AMS、DCA、EWR、JFK、LGA、YVR 和 YYZ 拍卖 2025 年夏季机场时刻表）(DOT)" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "M14 General Principles on Plan, Design and Analysis of Pharmacoepidemiological Studies That Utilize Real-World Data for Safety Assessment of Medicines", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2024-D-2754/09000064865dca0a", "description": "US federal rulemaking: M14 General Principles on Plan, Design and Analysis of Pharmacoepidemiological Studies That Utilize Real-World Data for Safety Assessment of Medicines (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M14 利用真实世界数据进行药物安全性评估的药物流行病学研究计划、设计和分析的一般原则", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：M14 关于利用真实世界数据进行药物安全评估的药物流行病学研究的计划、设计和分析的一般原则 (FDA)" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Advanced Impaired Driving Prevention Technology", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/NHTSA-2022-0079/090000648637d7c0", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Advanced Impaired Driving Prevention Technology (NHTSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "先进的酒后驾驶预防技术", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：高级障碍驾驶预防技术 (NHTSA)" }, { "date": "19 April 2026", "title": "Citizen Petition from Jonathan H. Bari on behalf of Celiac Journey", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2023-P-3942/0900006485fa3395", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Citizen Petition from Jonathan H. Bari on behalf of Celiac Journey (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乔纳森·巴里 (Jonathan H. Bari) 代表腹腔疾病之旅 (Celiac Journey) 提交的公民请愿书", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Jonathan H. Bari 代表 Celiac Journey (FDA) 提交的公民请愿书" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "SPOT FEIS", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/MARAD-2019-0011/09000064851f135d", "description": "US federal rulemaking: SPOT FEIS (MARAD)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "现货费斯", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：SPOT FEIS (MARAD)" }, { "date": "21 February 2026", "title": "Probation on Initial Appointment to a Competitive Position, Performance-Based Reduction in Grade and Removal Actions and Adverse Actions", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/OPM-2019-0004/0900006484912ed6", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Probation on Initial Appointment to a Competitive Position, Performance-Based Reduction in Grade and Removal Actions and Adverse Actions (OPM)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "初次任命竞争性职位的缓刑、基于表现的降级以及开除行动和不利行动", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：竞争性职位初次任命的缓刑、基于绩效的降级以及开除处分和不利处分 (OPM)" }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2012-N-1210/09000064815f337c", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "食品标签：营养成分和补充剂成分标签的修订", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：食品标签：营养和补充剂成分标签修订 (FDA)" }, { "date": "29 March 2026", "title": "Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (IPCC2007b)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/NHTSA-2008-0060/0900006480966b42", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (IPCC2007b) (NHTSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2007 年气候变化影响、适应和脆弱性 (IPCC2007b)", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：2007 年气候变化影响、适应和脆弱性 (IPCC2007b) (NHTSA)" }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "U.S.DOT/NHTSA - Final Environmental Impact Statement Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, Model Years 2011-2015", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/NHTSA-2008-0060/0900006480744272", "description": "US federal rulemaking: U.S.DOT/NHTSA - Final Environmental Impact Statement Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, Passenger Cars and Light Trucks, Model Years 2011-2015 (NHTSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国交通部/国家公路交通安全管理局 - 最终环境影响报告书企业平均燃油经济性标准、乘用车和轻型卡车、车型年份 2011-2015", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：U.S.DOT/NHTSA - 最终环境影响报告企业平均燃油经济性标准，乘用车和轻型卡车，车型年份 2011-2015 (NHTSA)" }, { "title": "Gander, P.H., Graeber, R.C., Connell, L.J., Gregory, K.B. (1991) Crew Factors in Flight Operations: VIII. Factors Influencing Sleep Timing and Subjective Sleep Quality in Commercial Long-Haul Flight Crews - Report", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/0900006480384360", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Gander, P.H., Graeber, R.C., Connell, L.J., Gregory, K.B. (1991) Crew Factors in Flight Operations: VIII. Factors Influencing Sleep Timing and Subjective Sleep Quality in Commercial Long-Haul Flight Crews - Report (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gander, P.H.、Graeber, R.C.、Connell, L.J.、Gregory, K.B. (1991) 飞行运行中的机组因素：VIII。影响商业长途飞行机组人员睡眠时间和主观睡眠质量的因素 - 报告", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定者：Gander, P.H.、Graeber, R.C.、Connell, L.J.、Gregory, K.B. (1991) 飞行运行中的机组因素：VIII。影响商业长途飞行机组人员睡眠时间和主观睡眠质量的因素 - 报告 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Belenky, G.L. Krueger, G.P., Balkin, T.J. Headley, D.B., & Solick, R.E. (1987). Effects of Continuous Operations (CONOPS) on Soldier and Unit Performance: Review of the Literature and Strategies for Sustaining the Soldier in CONOPS - Report", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/090000648038435d", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Belenky, G.L. Krueger, G.P., Balkin, T.J. Headley, D.B., & Solick, R.E. (1987). Effects of Continuous Operations (CONOPS) on Soldier and Unit Performance: Review of the Literature and Strategies for Sustaining the Soldier in CONOPS - Report (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贝伦基，G.L. 克鲁格，G.P.，巴尔金，T.J. Headley, D.B. 和 Solick, R.E. （1987）。 连续作战 (CONOPS) 对士兵和部队绩效的影响：CONOPS 中维持士兵的文献和策略回顾 - 报告", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定者：Belenky, G.L. Krueger, G.P., Balkin, T.J. Headley, D.B. 和 Solick, R.E. （1987）。 连续作战 (CONOPS) 对士兵和部队绩效的影响：CONOPS 中维持士兵的文献和策略回顾 - 报告 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Small Community Financing Strategies for Environmental Facilities", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2006-24332/09000064802aff04", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Small Community Financing Strategies for Environmental Facilities (DOT)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "环境设施的小型社区融资策略", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：环境设施小社区融资策略 (DOT)" }, { "date": "18 April 2026", "title": "Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Seating Systems", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/NHTSA-2024-0001/09000064865f1704", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards: Seating Systems (NHTSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦机动车辆安全标准：座椅系统", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：联邦机动车辆安全标准：座椅系统 (NHTSA)" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Milton Good - Exemption/Rulemaking", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2022-1093/0900006485214537", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Milton Good - Exemption/Rulemaking (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "米尔顿·古德 - 豁免/规则制定", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Milton Good - 豁免/规则制定 (FAA)" }, { "date": "15 March 2026", "title": "Notice of Tier 1 Agreements Filing by the International Air Transport Association", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2012-0058/090000648629a000", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Notice of Tier 1 Agreements Filing by the International Air Transport Association (DOT)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际航空运输协会一级协议备案通知", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：国际航空运输协会 (DOT) 提交一级协议的通知" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Citizen Petition from Providence St. Peter Hospital/Centralia Hospital", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2022-P-1409/09000064851ac988", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Citizen Petition from Providence St. Peter Hospital/Centralia Hospital (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "普罗维登斯圣彼得医院/森特勒利亚医院的公民请愿书", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：普罗维登斯圣彼得医院/森特勒利亚医院 (FDA) 的公民请愿书" }, { "title": "In the Matter of Hodan Transportation, LLC - Final Order on Petition for Review of Proposed Conditional Safety Rating", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0137/09000064821b2cac", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Hodan Transportation, LLC - Final Order on Petition for Review of Proposed Conditional Safety Rating (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Hodan Transport, LLC - 关于拟议条件安全评级审查申请的最终命令", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Hodan Transport, LLC 事件 - 关于审查拟议条件安全评级 (FMCSA) 申请的最终命令" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "In the Matter of MVT Services LLC d/b/a Mesilla Valley Transportation - Field Administrator's Submission of Copy of Petitioner's Request for Safety Rating Upgrade", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0147/09000064820968ff", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of MVT Services LLC d/b/a Mesilla Valley Transportation - Field Administrator's Submission of Copy of Petitioner's Request for Safety Rating Upgrade (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 MVT Services LLC d/b/a Mesilla Valley Transportation 事宜 - 现场管理员提交申请人安全评级升级请求副本", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：关于 MVT Services LLC d/b/a Mesilla Valley Transportation 事宜 - 现场管理员提交申请人安全评级升级请求 (FMCSA) 副本" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of Ekorb Enteprises-Office of Registration and Safety Information's Submission of Evidence", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0101/0900006481fecd35", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Ekorb Enteprises-Office of Registration and Safety Information's Submission of Evidence (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于Ekorb企业登记及安全信息办公室提交证据一事", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：关于 Ekorb 企业注册和安全信息证据提交办公室 (FMCSA) 的问题" }, { "title": "Guidance on the Treatment of the Economic Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) in U.S. Department of Transportation Analyses - 2014 Adjustment", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22b4c", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Guidance on the Treatment of the Economic Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) in U.S. Department of Transportation Analyses - 2014 Adjustment (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国交通运输部分析中统计寿命经济价值 (VSL) 的处理指南 - 2014 年调整", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：美国交通运输部分析中统计生命的经济价值 (VSL) 处理指南 - 2014 年调整 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "A Motor Carrier's Guide to Improving Highway Safety, FMCSA-ESO-08-003, December 2009", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e234fe", "description": "US federal rulemaking: A Motor Carrier's Guide to Improving Highway Safety, FMCSA-ESO-08-003, December 2009 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汽车运营商提高公路安全指南，FMCSA-ESO-08-003，2009 年 12 月", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：汽车运输公司提高公路安全指南，FMCSA-ESO-08-003，2009 年 12 月 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "In the Matter of Dino Transporation - Petition for Administrative Review", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0146/0900006481f6d80f", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Dino Transporation - Petition for Administrative Review (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于恐龙运输问题——行政复议申请", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：恐龙运输问题 - 行政审查请愿书 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "n the Matter of Woolly Bully Trucking, LLC - Notice of Settlement and Motion to Terminate Proceedings and Close Docket", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0064/0900006481e7eb99", "description": "US federal rulemaking: n the Matter of Woolly Bully Trucking, LLC - Notice of Settlement and Motion to Terminate Proceedings and Close Docket (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Woolly Bully Trucking, LLC 事宜 - 和解通知以及终止诉讼和结案的动议", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Woolly Bully Trucking, LLC 事件 - 和解通知以及终止诉讼和结案动议 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of Elite Freight Systems, Inc. - Claimant's Motion for Default or Alternatively Submission of Evidence", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0068/0900006481e998e2", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Elite Freight Systems, Inc. - Claimant's Motion for Default or Alternatively Submission of Evidence (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Elite Freight Systems, Inc. 案件 - 索赔人要求违约或提交证据的动议", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：关于 Elite Freight Systems, Inc. 的问题 - 索赔人要求违约或提交证据的动议 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "U.S. DOT/FAA - Director's Determination", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2005-22370/09000064802ba400", "description": "US federal rulemaking: U.S. DOT/FAA - Director's Determination (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国交通部/联邦航空局 - 主管决定", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：美国交通部/联邦航空局 - 主管决定 (FAA)" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "Draft Guidance on Expiration Dating of Unit-Dose Repackaged Drugs; Availability", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2002-P-0253/090000648049c1bf", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Draft Guidance on Expiration Dating of Unit-Dose Repackaged Drugs; Availability (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于单位剂量重新包装药物有效期的指南草案；可用性", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：单位剂量重新包装药物有效期指南草案；可用性（FDA）" }, { "title": "Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Public Citizen, Citizens for Reliable and Safe Highways, Trauma Foundation, Parents Against Tired Truckers - Petition for Reconsideration", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/0900006480358a29", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Public Citizen, Citizens for Reliable and Safe Highways, Trauma Foundation, Parents Against Tired Truckers - Petition for Reconsideration (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公路和汽车安全倡导者、国际卡车司机兄弟会、公共公民、可靠和安全高速公路公民组织、创伤基金会、家长反对疲惫卡车司机 - 重新考虑请愿书", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：公路和汽车安全倡导者、国际卡车司机兄弟会、公共公民、可靠和安全高速公路公民组织、创伤基金会、家长反对疲惫卡车司机 - 重新考虑请愿书 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Final Decision of the Comissioner - Withdrawal of Approval of the New Animal Drug Application for Enrofloxacin in Poultry (Pages 1-100)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2000-N-0109/09000064804cddd9", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Final Decision of the Comissioner - Withdrawal of Approval of the New Animal Drug Application for Enrofloxacin in Poultry (Pages 1-100) (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "专员的最终决定 - 撤销对恩诺沙星家禽新兽药申请的批准（第 1-100 页）", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：专员的最终决定 - 撤销批准恩诺沙星用于家禽的新兽药申请（第 1-100 页）（FDA）" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "99-10-18 Final Order", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-1999-5062/0900006480329c37", "description": "US federal rulemaking: 99-10-18 Final Order (DOT)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "99-10-18 最终订单", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：99-10-18 最终命令 (DOT)" }, { "title": "Lin, T., Jovanis, P., and Yang, C. (1993) Modeling the Effect of Truck Driver Service Hours Using Time-Dependent Logistic Regression - Report", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/0900006480384361", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Lin, T., Jovanis, P., and Yang, C. (1993) Modeling the Effect of Truck Driver Service Hours Using Time-Dependent Logistic Regression - Report (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lin, T.、Jovanis, P. 和 Yang, C. (1993) 使用时间相关 Logistic 回归对卡车司机服务时间的影响进行建模 - 报告", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Lin, T.、Jovanis, P. 和 Yang, C. (1993) Modeling the Effect of Truck Driver Service Hours Using Time-Dependent Logistic Regression - Report (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides [W-98-30 I-B.33]", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OW-2002-0046/09000064800ca368", "description": "US federal rulemaking: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides [W-98-30 I-B.33] (EPA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家初级饮用水法规；放射性核素 [W-98-30 I-B.33]", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：国家初级饮用水法规；放射性核素 [W-98-30 I-B.33] (EPA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of SLA Freight, Inc- Respondent's Submission of Evidence Pursuant to 49 CFR 386.16(a)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0103/0900006481fcc910", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of SLA Freight, Inc- Respondent's Submission of Evidence Pursuant to 49 CFR 386.16(a) (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 SLA Freight, Inc 案件 - 被告根据 49 CFR 386.16(a) 提交的证据", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：关于 SLA Freight, Inc 案件 - 被告根据 49 CFR 386.16(a) (FMCSA) 提交证据" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Northeast Unmanned Aviation Research Alliance - Exemption/Rulemaking (Amendment)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2025-0414/09000064b91883e5", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Northeast Unmanned Aviation Research Alliance - Exemption/Rulemaking (Amendment) (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东北无人机研究联盟-豁免/规则制定（修订）", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：东北无人驾驶航空研究联盟 - 豁免/规则制定（修正案）（FAA）" }, { "date": "15 April 2026", "title": "Working Group 2 - Corrosion Presentations", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/PHMSA-2025-0017/09000064b9281b66", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Working Group 2 - Corrosion Presentations (PHMSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 2 工作组 - 腐蚀演示", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：第 2 工作组 - 腐蚀演示 (PHMSA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of Timothy A. Horn - Final Order on Submission of Evidence", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0079/0900006483b84c3c", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Timothy A. Horn - Final Order on Submission of Evidence (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于蒂莫西·A·霍恩 (Timothy A. Horn) 案 - 关于提交证据的最终命令", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：蒂莫西·A·霍恩事件 - 关于提交证据的最终命令 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "\"Heavy and Tractor-trailer Truck Drivers,\" Bureau of Labor Statistics, accessed on July 28, 2014", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22b50", "description": "US federal rulemaking: \"Heavy and Tractor-trailer Truck Drivers,\" Bureau of Labor Statistics, accessed on July 28, 2014 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“重型和拖拉机拖车司机”，美国劳工统计局，2014 年 7 月 28 日访问", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：“重型和牵引拖车司机”，劳工统计局，2014 年 7 月 28 日访问 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "\"Highway Accident Report: Motorcoach Fire on Interstate 45 During Hurricane Rita Evacuation Near Wilmer, Texas, September 23, 2005\", NTSB Report No. NTSB/HAR-07/01, PB2007-916202, Notation 7774C, Adopted Feb. 21, 2007", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22461", "description": "US federal rulemaking: \"Highway Accident Report: Motorcoach Fire on Interstate 45 During Hurricane Rita Evacuation Near Wilmer, Texas, September 23, 2005\", NTSB Report No. NTSB/HAR-07/01, PB2007-916202, Notation 7774C, Adopted Feb. 21, 2007 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“高速公路事故报告：2005 年 9 月 23 日德克萨斯州威尔默附近丽塔飓风疏散期间 45 号州际公路上的客车起火”，NTSB 报告编号 NTSB/HAR-07/01，PB2007-916202，符号 7774C，2007 年 2 月 21 日采用", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：“高速公路事故报告：2005 年 9 月 23 日德克萨斯州威尔默附近丽塔飓风疏散期间 45 号州际公路上的客车起火”，NTSB 报告编号 NTSB/HAR-07/01，PB2007-916202，符号 7774C，2007 年 2 月 21 日采用 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Ontario's CVOR [Commercial Vehicle Operator's Registration] and Carrier Safety Rating Public Guideline, Ministry of Transportation, St. Catharines, Ontario, November 2011", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22977", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Ontario's CVOR [Commercial Vehicle Operator's Registration] and Carrier Safety Rating Public Guideline, Ministry of Transportation, St. Catharines, Ontario, November 2011 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安大略省 CVOR [商用车辆运营商注册] 和承运人安全评级公共指南，交通部，安大略省圣凯瑟琳市，2011 年 11 月", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：安大略省 CVOR [商用车辆运营商注册] 和承运人安全评级公共指南，交通部，安大略省圣凯瑟琳市，2011 年 11 月 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "Impurities: Residual Solvents in New Veterinary Medicinal Products, Active Substances and Excipients (Revision 2); Guidance for Industry", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-1999-D-2955/09000064866054e9", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Impurities: Residual Solvents in New Veterinary Medicinal Products, Active Substances and Excipients (Revision 2); Guidance for Industry (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杂质：新兽药产品、活性物质和赋形剂中的残留溶剂（第2版）；行业指南", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：杂质：新兽药产品、活性物质和赋形剂中的残留溶剂（修订版 2）；行业指南 (FDA)" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures; Guidance for Industry; Final Guidance", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2022-D-1503/0900006486465b76", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Q2(R2) Validation of Analytical Procedures; Guidance for Industry; Final Guidance (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Q2(R2) 分析程序的验证；行业指南；最终指导", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Q2(R2) 分析程序验证；行业指南；最终指南（FDA）" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Purpose and Content of Use-Related Risk Analyses for Drugs, Biological Products and Combination Products; Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2024-D-2484/09000064865e1376", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Purpose and Content of Use-Related Risk Analyses for Drugs, Biological Products and Combination Products; Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "药物、生物制品和组合产品使用相关风险分析的目的和内容；工业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南草案", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：药物、生物制品和组合产品使用相关风险分析的目的和内容；工业和食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 工作人员指南草案" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "Medical Devices with Indications Associated with Weight Loss - Clinical Study and Benefit- Risk Considerations Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; DRAFT GUIDANCE", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2019-N-4060/0900006485fae32b", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Medical Devices with Indications Associated with Weight Loss - Clinical Study and Benefit- Risk Considerations Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; DRAFT GUIDANCE (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "具有与减肥相关的适应症的医疗器械 - 临床研究和益处 - 风险考虑因素 行业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南草案；指导草案", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：具有减肥相关适应症的医疗器械 - 临床研究和益处 - 风险考虑因素工业和食品药品管理局工作人员指南草案；指南草案（FDA）" }, { "date": "29 March 2026", "title": "Celiac Disease: Developing Drugs for Adjunctive Treatment to a Gluten-Free Diet\nGuidance for Industry", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2021-D-1238/090000648501c0cb", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Celiac Disease: Developing Drugs for Adjunctive Treatment to a Gluten-Free Diet\nGuidance for Industry (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乳糜泻：开发无麸质饮食辅助治疗药物\n行业指南", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：乳糜泻：开发无麸质饮食辅助治疗药物\n行业指南 (FDA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Implanted Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Devices for Patients with Paralysis or Amputation - Non-clinical Testing and Clinical Considerations; Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff - Final Guidance", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2014-N-1130/0900006484b2e865", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Implanted Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Devices for Patients with Paralysis or Amputation - Non-clinical Testing and Clinical Considerations; Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff - Final Guidance (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "用于瘫痪或截肢患者的植入脑机接口（BCI）设备——非临床测试和临床考虑；工业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南 - 最终指南", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：用于瘫痪或截肢患者的植入脑机接口（BCI）设备 - 非临床测试和临床考虑；工业和食品药品监督管理局工作人员指南 - 最终指南 (FDA)" }, { "title": "Hours of Service of Drivers", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2018-0248/0900006483e8c2bb", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Hours of Service of Drivers (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "司机服务时间", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：司机服务时间 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of A & N Auto Service LLC - Order Adopting Findings of Fact in Hearing Officer's Report and Modifying Disposition", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0107/09000064824b6e0f", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of A & N Auto Service LLC - Order Adopting Findings of Fact in Hearing Officer's Report and Modifying Disposition (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 A & N Auto Service LLC 案件 - 命令采纳听证官报告中的事实调查结果并修改处置", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：关于 A & N Auto Service LLC 事件 - 命令采用听证官报告中的事实调查结果和修改处置 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of Regal Car Sales & Credit, LLC - Notice of Arbitration Decision", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2016-0085/0900006482365057", "description": "US federal rulemaking: In the Matter of Regal Car Sales & Credit, LLC - Notice of Arbitration Decision (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于Regal Car Sales & Credit, LLC - 仲裁决定通知", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Regal Car Sales & Credit, LLC 事宜 - 仲裁决定通知 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity Weights, November 2010", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e2273a", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS) Violation Severity Weights, November 2010 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "运营商安全测量系统 (CSMS) 违规严重程度权重，2010 年 11 月", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：承运人安全测量系统 (CSMS) 违规严重程度权重，2010 年 11 月 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "\"Delay and Environmental Costs of Truck Crashes,\" FMCSA, March 2013", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22cf7", "description": "US federal rulemaking: \"Delay and Environmental Costs of Truck Crashes,\" FMCSA, March 2013 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“卡车碰撞事故的延误和环境成本”，FMCSA，2013 年 3 月", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：“卡车碰撞事故的延误和环境成本”，FMCSA，2013 年 3 月 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "\"Modifying the Compliance, Safety, Accountability Program Would Improve the Ability to Identify High Risk Carriers,\" U.S. Government Accountability Office, Report No. GAO-14-114, February 3, 2014", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22a1f", "description": "US federal rulemaking: \"Modifying the Compliance, Safety, Accountability Program Would Improve the Ability to Identify High Risk Carriers,\" U.S. Government Accountability Office, Report No. GAO-14-114, February 3, 2014 (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“修改合规、安全、问责计划将提高识别高风险承运人的能力”，美国政府问责办公室，报告编号 GAO-14-114，2014 年 2 月 3 日", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：“修改合规、安全、问责计划将提高识别高风险承运人的能力”，美国政府问责办公室，报告编号 GAO-14-114，2014 年 2 月 3 日 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "\"Compliance, Safety, Accountability: Evaluating a New Safety Measurement System and Its Impacts\" (December 2012), American Transportation Research Institute", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e2275d", "description": "US federal rulemaking: \"Compliance, Safety, Accountability: Evaluating a New Safety Measurement System and Its Impacts\" (December 2012), American Transportation Research Institute (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "“合规、安全、责任：评估新的安全测量系统及其影响”（2012 年 12 月），美国交通研究所", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：“合规、安全、责任：评估新的安全测量系统及其影响”（2012 年 12 月），美国交通研究所 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "FMCSA Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics -- October 2014 Edition", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2015-0001/0900006481e22cc1", "description": "US federal rulemaking: FMCSA Pocket Guide to Large Truck and Bus Statistics -- October 2014 Edition (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FMCSA 大型卡车和公共汽车统计袖珍指南 - 2014 年 10 月版", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：FMCSA 大型卡车和公共汽车统计袖珍指南 - 2014 年 10 月版 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Freund, D. (1999) An Annotated Literature Review Relating to Proposed Revisions to the Hours-of-Service Regulation for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers - Report", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/090000648038435e", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Freund, D. (1999) An Annotated Literature Review Relating to Proposed Revisions to the Hours-of-Service Regulation for Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers - Report (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Freund, D. (1999) 有关商业机动车辆驾驶员服务时间规定拟议修订的注释文献综述 - 报告", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Freund, D. (1999) 有关商业机动车辆驾驶员服务时间规定拟议修订的注释文献综述 - 报告 (FMCSA)" }, { "title": "Massie, D., Blower, D., and Campbell, K. (1997) Short-Haul Trucks and Driver Fatigue - Report", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FMCSA-2004-19608/0900006480384362", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Massie, D., Blower, D., and Campbell, K. (1997) Short-Haul Trucks and Driver Fatigue - Report (FMCSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Massie, D.、Blower, D. 和 Campbell, K. (1997) 短途卡车和驾驶员疲劳 - 报告", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Massie, D.、Blower, D. 和 Campbell, K. (1997) 短途卡车和驾驶员疲劳 - 报告 (FMCSA)" }, { "date": "28 February 2026", "title": "Electronic Systems, Electronic Records, and Electronic Signatures in Clinical Investigations Questions and Answers - Guidance for Industry", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2017-D-1105/09000064867a6f61", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Electronic Systems, Electronic Records, and Electronic Signatures in Clinical Investigations Questions and Answers - Guidance for Industry (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "临床研究中的电子系统、电子记录和电子签名问题与解答 - 行业指南", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：临床研究中的电子系统、电子记录和电子签名问题与解答 - 行业指南 (FDA)" }, { "date": "14 March 2026", "title": "Hazardous Materials: Advancing Safety of Highway, Rail, and Vessel Transportation", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/PHMSA-2018-0080/09000064867e87cc", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Hazardous Materials: Advancing Safety of Highway, Rail, and Vessel Transportation (PHMSA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "危险材料：提高公路、铁路和船舶运输的安全性", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：危险材料：促进公路、铁路和船舶运输的安全 (PHMSA)" }, { "title": "Blue Ocean Quest 2 LLC - Exemption/Rulemaking", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2024-0498/0900006486408519", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Blue Ocean Quest 2 LLC - Exemption/Rulemaking (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blue Ocean Quest 2 LLC - 豁免/规则制定", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：Blue Ocean Quest 2 LLC - 豁免/规则制定 (FAA)" }, { "date": "18 April 2026", "title": "Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District - Exemption/Rulemaking", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2024-1627/0900006486569b2b", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District - Exemption/Rulemaking (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿拉米达县灭蚊区 - 豁免/规则制定", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：阿拉米达县灭蚊区 - 豁免/规则制定 (FAA)" }, { "title": "Remote Identification of Unmanned Aircraft", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FAA-2019-1100/09000064849f47cf", "description": "US federal rulemaking: Remote Identification of Unmanned Aircraft (FAA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无人机远程识别", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：无人机远程识别 (FAA)" }, { "title": "NDI 242 - lactium™ - Original NDI Notification", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2004-S-0571/09000064823974cd", "description": "US federal rulemaking: NDI 242 - lactium™ - Original NDI Notification (FDA)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NDI 242 -lactium™ - 原始 NDI 通知", "description_zh": "美国联邦规则制定：NDI 242 -lactium™ - 原始 NDI 通知 (FDA)" }, { "title": "Concept Note: AI RMF Profile on Trustworthy AI in Critical Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/concept-note-ai-rmf-profile-trustworthy-ai-critical-infrastructure", "description": "NIST AI: Concept Note: AI RMF Profile on Trustworthy AI in Critical Infrastructure", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "概念说明：关键基础设施中值得信赖的人工智能的人工智能 RMF 简介", "description_zh": "NIST AI：概念说明：关键基础设施中值得信赖的 AI 的 AI RMF 简介" }, { "title": "AI Resource Center", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/home", "description": "NIST AI: AI Resource Center", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能资源中心", "description_zh": "NIST AI：人工智能资源中心" }, { "title": "AI technical standards", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/document/report-plan-federal-engagement-developing-technical-standards-and-related-tools", "description": "NIST AI: AI technical standards", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能技术标准", "description_zh": "NIST AI：人工智能技术标准" }, { "title": "Copyright & Disclaimers", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/copyrights-disclaimers", "description": "NIST AI: Copyright & Disclaimers", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "版权及免责声明", "description_zh": "NIST AI：版权和免责声明" }, { "title": "AI RMF Development", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework/ai-rmf-development", "description": "NIST AI: AI RMF Development", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI RMF开发", "description_zh": "NIST AI：AI RMF 开发" }, { "title": "NIST AI RMF Playbook", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework/nist-ai-rmf-playbook", "description": "NIST AI: NIST AI RMF Playbook", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST AI RMF 手册", "description_zh": "NIST AI：NIST AI RMF 手册" }, { "title": "AI RMF Crosswalk", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework/crosswalks-nist-artificial-intelligence-risk-management-framework", "description": "NIST AI: AI RMF Crosswalk", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI RMF人行横道", "description_zh": "NIST AI：AI RMF 人行横道" }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "Trustworthy and Responsible AI Resource Center", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/Home", "description": "NIST AI: Trustworthy and Responsible AI Resource Center", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "值得信赖、负责任的人工智能资源中心", "description_zh": "NIST AI：值得信赖且负责任的人工智能资源中心" }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "AIRC’s Use Case page", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/Usecases", "description": "NIST AI: AIRC’s Use Case page", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AIRC 的用例页面", "description_zh": "NIST AI：AIRC 的用例页面" }, { "date": "13 December 2021", "title": "Concept paper to help guide development of the AI Risk Management Framework", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/document/airmfconceptpaper", "description": "NIST AI: Concept paper to help guide development of the AI Risk Management Framework", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "帮助指导人工智能风险管理框架开发的概念文件", "description_zh": "NIST AI：帮助指导人工智能风险管理框架开发的概念文件" }, { "date": "15 October 2021", "title": "Draft -Taxonomy of AI Risk", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/document/draft-taxonomy-ai-risk-october-15-2021", "description": "NIST AI: Draft -Taxonomy of AI Risk", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能风险分类草案", "description_zh": "NIST AI：人工智能风险分类草案" }, { "title": "Symposium Focuses on AI and the Economy and the Path for Responsible and Inclusive AI", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2022/04/symposium-focuses-ai-and-economy-and-path-responsible-and-inclusive-ai", "description": "NIST AI: Symposium Focuses on AI and the Economy and the Path for Responsible and Inclusive AI", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研讨会聚焦人工智能与经济以及负责任和包容性人工智能之路", "description_zh": "NIST AI：研讨会重点关注人工智能与经济以及负责任和包容性人工智能的路径" }, { "title": "Federal Register/Vol. 91, No. 70/Monday, April 13, 2026/ ...", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-04-13/pdf/2026-07087.pdf", "description": "Federal Register / Vol. 91, No. 70 / Monday, April 13, 2026 / Rules and Regulations ... American Youth, Executive Order 14277 (Apr. 23, 2025), Sec. 3. Definition: For the purposes of this · order, ‘‘artificial intelligence’’ or ‘‘AI’’ has the", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦公报/卷。 91、第70期/2026年4月13日星期一/...", "description_zh": "联邦公报/卷。 91，第 70 号 / 2026 年 4 月 13 日星期一 / 规则和规定...美国青年，第 14277 号行政命令（2025 年 4 月 23 日），第 91 号3. 定义：就本命令而言，“人工智能”或“AI”具有" }, { "title": "[2026-04-01] Murphy, Schatz Introduce Legislation to Reverse Trump's...", "url": "https://www.murphy.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/murphy-schatz-introduce-legislation-to-reverse-trumps-state-ai-law-moratorium", "description": "The GUARDRAILS Act would prohibit the executive order issued in December 2025 from taking effect so that states do not have federal funds withheld for enacting commonsense safeguards around AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "[2026-04-01] 墨菲、沙茨提出立法扭转特朗普...", "description_zh": "《GUARDRAILS 法案》将禁止 2025 年 12 月发布的行政命令生效，这样各州就不会扣留联邦资金来制定围绕人工智能的常识性保障措施。" }, { "title": "S.4214 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to impose a moratorium on the construction of new data centers until legislation is enacted that safeguards the public from the dangers of artificial intelligence. | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4214", "description": "Summary of S.4214 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): A bill to impose a moratorium on the construction of new data centers until legislation is enacted that safeguards the public from the dangers of artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.4214 - 第 119 届国会（2025-2026）：一项法案，要求暂停建设新数据中心，直到颁布保护公众免受人工智能危险的立法。 |国会.gov |国会图书馆", "description_zh": "S.4214 - 第 119 届国会（2025-2026 年）摘要：一项暂停新数据中心建设的法案，直至颁布保护公众免受人工智能危险的立法。" }, { "title": "MATSUI, BEYER, LIEU, JACOBS, MCCLAIN DELANEY INTRODUCE LEGISLATION TO REPEAL WHITE HOUSE AI MORATORIUM | Congresswoman Doris Matsui", "url": "https://matsui.house.gov/media/press-releases/matsui-beyer-lieu-jacobs-mcclain-delaney-introduce-legislation-repeal-white", "description": "Don Beyer (D-VA), Ted Lieu (D-CA), ... repeal President Donald Trump’s executive order entitled “Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence,” which is designed to establish a moratorium on state-level ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "松井、拜尔、刘、雅各布斯和麦克莱恩·德莱尼提出立法废除白宫人工智能暂停令众议员松井多丽丝", "description_zh": "唐·拜尔（D-VA）、特德·刘（D-CA）……废除唐纳德·特朗普总统题为“确保人工智能国家政策框架”的行政命令，该命令旨在暂停州级……" }, { "title": "Text - S.4199 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): Youth AI Privacy Act | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/4199/text/is?overview=closed&format=txt", "description": "Markey introduced the following ...________________ A BILL To require entities that make artificial intelligence chatbots available to minors to implement certain safe design features, and for other purposes....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "文本 - S.4199 - 第 119 届国会（2025-2026）：青年人工智能隐私法 |国会.gov |国会图书馆", "description_zh": "马基介绍了以下内容......________________一项法案要求向未成年人提供人工智能聊天机器人的实体实施某些安全设计功能以及用于其他目的...." }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Senator Markey Statement on Trump Executive Order to Prohibit States from Regulating AI | U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts", "url": "https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senator-markey-statement-on-trump-executive-order-to-prohibit-states-from-regulating-ai", "description": "Washington (March 20, 2026) – Senator Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.), member of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, released the following statement after President Trump released his national artificial intelligence (AI) legislative framework that calls for Congress to prevent states from regulating AI:", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马基参议员关于特朗普禁止各州监管人工智能的行政命令的声明马萨诸塞州美国参议员埃德·马基", "description_zh": "华盛顿（2026 年 3 月 20 日）——在特朗普总统发布国家人工智能 (AI) 立法框架，呼吁国会阻止各州监管人工智能后，商业、科学和运输委员会成员、马萨诸塞州民主党参议员爱德华·J·马基 (Edward J. Markey) 发表了以下声明：" }, { "title": "Federal Register :: American AI Exports Program; Call for Proposals for Pre-Set Consortia", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/04/10/2026-06952/american-ai-exports-program-call-for-proposals-for-pre-set-consortia", "description": "Proposal filing window: This call for proposals opens on April 1, 2026 and proposals will be accepted until 5:00 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on June 30, 2026. The Department will consider proposals on a rolling basis for inclusion in the Program.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦公报::美国人工智能出口计划；征集预设联盟提案", "description_zh": "提案提交窗口：此提案征集将于 2026 年 4 月 1 日开始，提案将在下午 5:00 之前接受。 2026 年 6 月 30 日东部夏令时间。该部门将滚动考虑将提案纳入该计划。" }, { "title": "NSF 26-508: TechAccess: AI-Ready America | NSF - U.S. National Science Foundation", "url": "https://www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities/techaccess-ai-ready-america/nsf26-508/solicitation", "description": "State/Territory Coordination Hubs: July 16, 2026 (round 1); January 15, 2027 (round 2); July 1, 2027 (round 3) ... National Science Board approved criteria. Additional merit review criteria apply. Please see the full text of this solicitation for further information. ... Additional award conditions apply. Please see the full text of this solicitation for further information. ... Standard NSF reporting requirements apply. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the U.S.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NSF 26-508：TechAccess：AI-Ready 美国 | NSF-- 美国国家科学基金会", "description_zh": "州/地区协调中心：2026 年 7 月 16 日（第一轮）； 2027 年 1 月 15 日（第二轮）； 2027 年 7 月 1 日（第 3 轮）...国家科学委员会批准了标准。适用额外的绩效审查标准。请参阅本征集全文以获取更多信息。 ...附加奖励条件适用。请参阅本征集全文以获取更多信息。 ...标准 NSF 报告要求适用。人工智能 (AI) 正在迅速改变美国" }, { "title": "Schatz, Colleagues Introduce Legislation To Repeal Trump’s AI Moratorium | U.S. Senator Brian Schatz of Hawaii", "url": "https://www.schatz.senate.gov/news/press-releases/schatz-colleagues-introduce-legislation-to-repeal-trumps-ai-moratorium", "description": "WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Brian Schatz (D-Hawai‘i) led a group of six senators in introducing the Guaranteeing and Upholding Americans’ Right to Decide Responsible AI Laws and Standards (GUARDRAILS) Act to repeal President Trump’s executive order seeking to prevent states from regulating artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙茨及其同事提出立法废除特朗普的人工智能禁令美国夏威夷参议员布赖恩·沙茨", "description_zh": "华盛顿——美国参议员布赖恩·沙茨（夏威夷民主党）带领六名参议员提出了《保障和维护美国人决定负责任的人工智能法律和标准的权利（护栏）法案》，以废除特朗普总统旨在阻止各州监管人工智能的行政命令。" }, { "title": "Hearing Recap: “Building an AI-Ready America: Understanding AI’s Economic Impact on Workers and Employers” | Committee on Education & the Workforce", "url": "https://edworkforce.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=413224", "description": "The Subcommittee on Workforce Protections held a hearing to examine the way artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the workplace · Subcommittee Chairman Ryan Mackenzie (R-PA) highlighted how policy gaps undermine business competitiveness in a fast-moving global economy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "听证会回顾：“建设人工智能就绪的美国：了解人工智能对工人和雇主的经济影响”|教育与劳动力委员会", "description_zh": "劳动力保护小组委员会举行了一次听证会，研究人工智能 (AI) 改变工作场所的方式。小组委员会主席 Ryan Mackenzie (R-PA) 强调了政策差距如何在快速发展的全球经济中削弱企业竞争力。" }, { "title": "Beyer, Lawler, Jacobs Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Promote AI Foundation Model Transparency | U.S. Representative Don Beyer", "url": "https://beyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=9013", "description": "U.S. Representatives Don Beyer (D-VA), Mike Lawler (R-NY), and Sara Jacobs (D-CA) today introduced the AI Foundation Model Transparency Act, landmark bipartisan legislation to establish transparency requirements for how artificial intelligence ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Beyer、Lawler、Jacobs 推出两党立法以促进 AI 基金会模型透明度 |美国众议员唐·拜尔", "description_zh": "美国众议员 Don Beyer（弗吉尼亚州民主党人）、Mike Lawler（纽约州共和党人）和 Sara Jacobs（加利福尼亚州民主党人）今天介绍了《人工智能基金会模型透明度法案》，这是具有里程碑意义的两党立法，旨在为人工智能如何..." }, { "title": "NEWS: Sanders, Ocasio-Cortez Announce AI Data Center Moratorium Act » Senator Bernie Sanders", "url": "https://www.sanders.senate.gov/press-releases/news-sanders-ocasio-cortez-announce-ai-data-center-moratorium-act/", "description": "The legislation would slow down the development of AI to give democracy a chance to catch up. The AI Data Center Moratorium Act of 2026 would do that by instituting an immediate federal moratorium on AI data centers until strong national safeguards are in place to ensure that:", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新闻：桑德斯、奥卡西奥-科尔特斯宣布人工智能数据中心暂停法案 » 参议员伯尼·桑德斯", "description_zh": "该立法将减缓人工智能的发展，让民主有机会迎头赶上。 2026 年人工智能数据中心暂停法案将通过立即联邦暂停人工智能数据中心来实现这一目标，直到强有力的国家保障措施到位，以确保：" }, { "title": "Markey Introduces Legislation to Protect Children from Privacy and Safety Risks Posed by AI Chatbots | U.S. Senator Ed Markey of Massachusetts", "url": "https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/markey-introduces-legislation-to-protect-children-from-privacy-and-safety-risks-posed-by-ai-chatbots", "description": "Washington (March 25, 2026) - Senator Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.), member of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, today introduced the Youth AI Privacy Act, legislation that would require artificial intelligence (AI) companies ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马基推出立法，保护儿童免受人工智能聊天机器人带来的隐私和安全风险 |马萨诸塞州美国参议员埃德·马基", "description_zh": "华盛顿（2026 年 3 月 25 日）——商业、科学和交通委员会成员、马萨诸塞州民主党参议员爱德华·J·马基 (Edward J. Markey) 今天提出了《青年人工智能隐私法案》，该法案要求人工智能 (AI) 公司……" }, { "title": "Legislative Updates | Administrative Conference of the United States", "url": "https://www.acus.gov/legislative-updates", "description": "Committee on Financial Services: ... and Artificial Intelligence held a hearing entitled ‘‘Delivering for American Consumers: A Review of FinTech Innovations and Regulations’’. Testimony was heard from public witnesses. [1/13/26] ... S. 3585. A bill to amend the Federal Power Act to exempt consumer-regulated electric utilities from Federal regulation, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (Senator Cotton (R-AR); 01/07/2026...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "立法更新|美国行政会议", "description_zh": "金融服务委员会：......和人工智能举行了题为“为美国消费者提供服务：金融科技创新和监管审查”的听证会。听取了公众证人的证词。 [1/13/26] ... S. 3585。一项修订《联邦电力法》​​的法案，使消费者监管的电力公司免受联邦监管，并用于其他目的；能源和自然资源委员会。 （科顿参议员 (R-AR)；2026 年 1 月 7 日..." }, { "title": "Cyber and Artificial Intelligence Provisions in the FY2026 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) | Congress.gov | Library of Congress", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF13197", "description": "As amended by Section 106 of P.L. 119-37, the act expired on January 30, 2026; its reauthorization was not included in the FY2026 NDAA. Disclaimer: These documents were prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法案 (NDAA) 中的网络和人工智能条款 |国会.gov |国会图书馆", "description_zh": "经 P.L. 第 106 条修订119-37，该法案于 2026 年 1 月 30 日到期；其重新授权未包含在 2026 财年 NDAA 中。免责声明：这些文件由国会研究服务处 (CRS) 准备。" }, { "title": "AI strategies and compliance plan | GSA", "url": "https://www.gsa.gov/artificial-intelligence/resources/ai-strategies-and-compliance-plan", "description": "Through this tiered approach, GSA ensures that AI adoption progresses responsibly and strategically—starting with low-risk, high-value enterprise services that enable broader enterprise adoption and workforce upskilling (Tier 1), advancing to program-specific integrations that leverage a service-based architecture while maintaining all requisite system and data controls (Tier 2), and finally embedding AI directly into mission systems and high-impact applications to increase the direct value a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能战略与合规计划 |总务局", "description_zh": "通过这种分层方法，GSA 确保人工智能的采用以负责任和战略性的方式进行——从低风险、高价值的企业服务开始，以实现更广泛的企业采用和员工技能提升（第 1 层），然后推进到利用基于服务的架构，同时维护所有必要的系统和数据控制的特定计划集成（第 2 层），最后将人工智能直接嵌入到任务系统和高影响力的应用程序中，以增加直接价值..." }, { "title": "H.R. 7058, Foreign Adversary AI Risk Assessment and Diplomacy Act | Congressional Budget Office", "url": "https://www.cbo.gov/publication/62315", "description": "H.R. 7058 would require the Secretary of State to report to the Congress annually for four years on the risks posed to the United States by foreign adversaries who maliciously use generative artificial intelligence. On the basis of information about similar reporting requirements, CBO estimates ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.R. 7058, Foreign Adversary AI Risk Assessment and Diplomacy Act |国会预算办公室", "description_zh": "H.R.第 7058 号法案要求国务卿在四年内每年向国会报告恶意使用生成人工智能的外国对手给美国带来的风险。 On the basis of information about similar reporting requirements, CBO estimates ..." }, { "title": "AI Infrastructure on DOE Lands Request for Information | Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/policy/ai-infrastructure-doe-lands-request-information", "description": "The United States has long been at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) innovation. This leadership is a national security and economic priority. It requires expanding AI infrastructure, including data centers and the sources of energy on...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部的人工智能基础设施征集信息|能源部", "description_zh": "美国长期以来一直处于人工智能（AI）创新的前沿。这种领导力是国家安全和经济的优先事项。它需要扩大人工智能基础设施，包括数据中心和能源……" }, { "title": "US Department of Labor launches landmark initiative to integrate artificial intelligence skills into Registered Apprenticeships nationwide | U.S. Department of Labor", "url": "https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/eta/eta20260401", "description": "Including AI in roles that directly build, manage, or apply AI technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国劳工部发起里程碑式举措，将人工智能技能纳入全国注册学徒制 |美国劳工部", "description_zh": "将人工智能纳入直接构建、管理或应用人工智能技术的角色。" }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence and American Power: Leadership, Security, and Prosperity - United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform", "url": "https://oversight.house.gov/roundtable/artificial-intelligence-and-american-power-leadership-security-and-prosperity/", "description": "Farming on Trial: A Roundtable on the Growing Use of Lawfare Against American Agriculture April 21, 2026 10:00 am", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能和美国实力：领导力、安全和繁荣 - 美国众议院监督和政府改革委员会", "description_zh": "审判中的农业：关于越来越多地使用针对美国农业的法律的圆桌会议 2026 年 4 月 21 日上午 10:00" }, { "title": "Reflections from the Second NIST Cyber AI Profile Workshop | NIST", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/blogs/cybersecurity-insights/reflections-second-nist-cyber-ai-profile-workshop", "description": "This workshop was a continuation ... based on the CSF 2.0. The aim of the Profile is to identify how organizations can leverage and adapt the CSF to manage AI-related risks and opportunities effectively....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第二届 NIST Cyber​​ AI Profile 研讨会的反思 |美国国家标准技术研究院", "description_zh": "本次研讨会是……基于 CSF 2.0 的延续。 本简介的目的是确定组织如何利用和调整 CSF 来有效管理人工智能相关的风险和机遇..." }, { "title": "Example of Use Cases - AIRC - NIST AI Resource Center", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/airmf-resources/usecases/", "description": "The voluntary NIST AI Risk Management Framework was developed through a collaborative process by industry, civil society, academia, and government stakeholders.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "使用案例示例 - AIRC - NIST AI 资源中心", "description_zh": "自愿性 NIST 人工智能风险管理框架是通过行业、民间社会、学术界和政府利益相关者的协作过程开发的。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "White House National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/03.20.26-National-Polic...", "description": "The White House released its National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence (March 20, 2026), outlining non-binding legislative recommendations across three core areas: protecting children, advancing national competitiveness, and ensuring public benefit. The framework aims to establish a unified federal approach to AI and potentially preempt state AI laws.", "categories": [ "Federal Policy", "Preemption", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "白宫国家人工智能政策框架", "description_zh": "白宫发布了人工智能国家政策框架（2026 年 3 月 20 日），概述了三个核心领域的非约束性立法建议：保护儿童、提高国家竞争力和确保公共利益。该框架旨在建立统一的联邦人工智能方法，并可能抢先各州人工智能法律。" }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "White House and Senator Blackburn Introduce Federal AI Framework", "url": "https://www.insideglobaltech.com/2026/03/26/white-house-blackburn-introduce-v", "description": "The White House and Senator Marsha Blackburn released a coordinated push for a federal, nationwide AI framework in 2026, aiming to centralize regulation and set a single national rule to preempt the patchwork of state laws.", "categories": [ "Federal Legislation", "Preemption", "Political Initiative" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "白宫和布莱克本参议员推出联邦人工智能框架", "description_zh": "白宫和参议员玛莎·布莱克本 (Marsha Blackburn) 发布了一项协调推动计划，将于 2026 年建立联邦全国性人工智能框架，旨在集中监管并制定单一的国家规则，以取代各州法律的拼凑。" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Future of AI Innovation Act Reintroduced", "url": "https://www.meritalk.com/articles/bipartisan-senators-revive-bill-to-codify-f", "description": "A bipartisan group of U.S. senators reintroduced the Future of AI Innovation Act to codify NIST's CAISI (Center for AI Standards and Innovation) and establish new AI standards, testbeds, and international collaboration mechanisms.", "categories": [ "Federal Bill", "NIST", "Standard" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能创新未来法案重新出台", "description_zh": "由美国参议员组成的两党小组重新提出了《人工智能创新未来法案》，将 NIST 的 CAISI（人工智能标准与创新中心）编入法典，并建立新的人工智能标准、测试平台和国际合作机制。" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "NIST CAISI Issues RFI on Securing AI Agent Systems", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2026/01/caisi-issues-request-informatio", "description": "NIST's Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) issued a Request for Information (RFI) on security considerations for artificial intelligence agents. The RFI invited input from industry, academia, and security researchers to inform future voluntary guidelines and best practices for AI agent security.", "categories": [ "NIST", "AI Agents", "RFI", "Standard" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST CAISI 发布有关保护 AI 代理系统安全的 RFI", "description_zh": "NIST 人工智能标准与创新中心 (CAISI) 发布了有关人工智能代理安全考虑因素的信息请求 (RFI)。 RFI 邀请了行业、学术界和安全研究人员的意见，为未来的人工智能代理安全自愿指南和最佳实践提供信息。" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "NIST AI Agent Standards Initiative (AASI)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2026/02/announcing-ai-agent-standards-i", "description": "NIST announced the AI Agent Standards Initiative (AASI) led by CAISI to enable interoperable, secure, and trustworthy AI agents. The initiative aims to build public-private partnerships for industry-led technical standards.", "categories": [ "NIST", "AI Agents", "Standard", "Interoperability" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 人工智能代理标准倡议 (AASI)", "description_zh": "NIST 宣布了由 CAISI 领导的人工智能代理标准倡议 (AASI)，旨在实现可互操作、安全且值得信赖的人工智能代理。该倡议旨在为行业主导的技术标准建立公私伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "NIST AI Agent Standards Initiative - Industry Input Sought", "url": "https://www.pillsburylaw.com/en/news-and-insights/nist-ai-agent-standards.html", "description": "NIST launched the AI Agent Standards Initiative and sought industry input through RFIs and public workshops to develop standards for autonomous AI agent systems.", "categories": [ "AI Agents", "Standard", "Public Consultation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 人工智能代理标准倡议 - 寻求行业意见", "description_zh": "NIST 发起了人工智能代理标准倡议，并通过 RFI 和公共研讨会寻求行业意见，以制定自主人工智能代理系统的标准。" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "NIST Expands Federal AI Capacity", "url": "https://www.mintz.com/insights-center/viewpoints/54731/2026-01-13-nist-expand", "description": "NIST expanded its federal AI capacity through CAISI, including new resources for AI standards development and increased engagement with industry on AI safety and security guidelines.", "categories": [ "NIST", "Federal AI Capacity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NIST 扩大联邦人工智能能力", "description_zh": "NIST 通过 CAISI 扩大了其联邦人工智能能力，包括用于人工智能标准开发的新资源，以及在人工智能安全和安保指南方面加强与行业的合作。" }, { "title": "FTC Sets Aside Rytr Consent Order - AI Enforcement Shift", "url": "https://www.skadden.com/insights/publications/2026/02/the-ftc-enters-new-chap", "description": "The FTC reopened and set aside its 2024 consent order against Rytr (an AI writing tool), signaling a shift in AI enforcement toward enabling innovation under the Trump administration's AI action plan. The FTC's new approach reduces enforcement targeting actual capabilities of AI products.", "categories": [ "FTC", "Enforcement", "AI-Washing", "Policy Shift" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 搁置 Rytr 同意令 - AI 执法转变", "description_zh": "FTC 重新开放并搁置了针对 Rytr（一种人工智能书写工具）的 2024 年同意令，这标志着人工智能执法转向根据特朗普政府的人工智能行动计划实现创新。联邦贸易委员会的新方法减少了针对人工智能产品实际功能的执法。" }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "FTC Resolves AI-Washing Case - Growth Cave", "url": "https://www.dlapiper.com/insights/publications/2026/02/ftc-resolves-another-c", "description": "The FTC resolved another AI-washing case against Growth Cave (Jan 27, 2026), continuing its enforcement focus on deceptive AI marketing claims despite the broader shift away from capability-focused AI enforcement.", "categories": [ "FTC", "Enforcement", "AI-Washing" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 解决人工智能清洗案 - Growth Cave", "description_zh": "FTC 解决了另一起针对 Growth Cave 的 AI 清洗案件（2026 年 1 月 27 日），尽管以能力为中心的 AI 执法已发生更广泛的转变，但继续将执法重点放在欺骗性的 AI 营销声明上。" }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "FTC AI Enforcement - New Chapter Approach", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/ftc-enters-new-chapter-its-approa", "description": "The FTC adopted a dual approach to AI enforcement in 2026, signaling reduced enforcement on AI capability claims while maintaining focus on deceptive marketing practices. The Rytr reversal marks the first major action under this new framework.", "categories": [ "FTC", "Enforcement", "Policy Shift" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FTC 人工智能执法 - 新章节方法", "description_zh": "FTC 在 2026 年对人工智能执法采取了双重方法，表明减少对人工智能能力声明的执法，同时继续关注欺骗性营销行为。 Rytr 逆转标志着这一新框架下的第一个重大行动。" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "AI Enforcement Accelerates as Federal Policy Stalls and States Step In", "url": "https://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2026/04/ai-enforcement-accelerates-as-federa", "description": "Despite no single federal AI statute, AI antitrust and consumer protection enforcement is rising in 2026. U.S. agencies rely on existing authorities (Section 5 FTC Act, Sherman Act) to police AI-driven behavior while states push ahead with their own comprehensive AI laws.", "categories": [ "Enforcement", "State-Federal Dynamics", "Antitrust" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "随着联邦政策停滞和各州介入，人工智能执法加速", "description_zh": "尽管没有单一的联邦人工智能法规，但人工智能反垄断和消费者保护执法将在 2026 年加强。美国机构依靠现有当局（联邦贸易委员会法案第 5 条、谢尔曼法案）来监管人工智能驱动的行为，而各州则推动自己的全面人工智能法律。" }, { "title": "U.S. Senate AI Bill - Federal AI Legislation", "url": "https://www.globalpolicywatch.com/2026/04/u-s-tech-legislative-regulatory-upd", "description": "Multiple federal AI bills addressing safety, privacy, and accountability were under consideration in Q1 2026. The White House National Policy Framework and the Blackburn bill represent the main federal AI legislative pushes.", "categories": [ "Federal Legislation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国参议院人工智能法案 - 联邦人工智能立法", "description_zh": "2026 年第一季度正在考虑多项涉及安全、隐私和问责制的联邦人工智能法案。白宫国家政策框架和布莱克本法案代表了联邦人工智能立法的主要推动力。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "HHS Health Sector AI RFI (Request for Information)", "url": "https://www.regulations.gov/document/HHS-ONC-2026-0001-0001", "description": "The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC) issued an RFI on AI in the health sector, seeking input on governance, safety, and regulatory approaches for clinical AI.", "categories": [ "Health AI", "Sector-Specific", "RFI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "HHS 卫生部门 AI RFI（信息请求）", "description_zh": "美国卫生与公众服务部 (HHS) 和国家卫生信息技术协调员办公室 (ONC) 发布了一份关于卫生部门人工智能的 RFI，寻求有关临床人工智能治理、安全和监管方法的意见。" }, { "title": "California AI Transparency Act (AITDA) - Implementation Delayed", "url": "https://www.millernash.com/industry-news/from-colorado-to-texas-how-states-ar", "description": "California's AI Transparency Act (AB 2013) implementation was delayed to August 2, 2026 to align with the EU AI Act. Starting 2027, platforms with over 2,000,000 monthly users must reveal content provenance data. Generative AI hosts must provide clear disclosure to users when they are interacting with AI.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "Generative AI", "Content Provenance" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州人工智能透明度法案 (AITDA) - 实施延迟", "description_zh": "加州人工智能透明度法案 (AB 2013) 的实施推迟至 2026 年 8 月 2 日，以与欧盟人工智能法案保持一致。从 2027 年开始，每月用户超过 200 万的平台必须披露内容来源数据。生成式人工智能主机在与人工智能交互时必须向用户提供明确的披露。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "California AI Training Data Transparency Law", "url": "https://www.dglaw.com/ai-legal-updates-californias-ai-training-data-transpare", "description": "California's new AI training data transparency law took effect, impacting how AI developers source and use data for model training. The law introduces opt-out and transparency requirements for training data.", "categories": [ "Training Data", "Transparency", "Copyright" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州人工智能训练数据透明度法", "description_zh": "加州新的人工智能训练数据透明度法生效，影响了人工智能开发人员获取和使用数据进行模型训练的方式。该法律引入了培训数据的选择退出和透明度要求。" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA)", "url": "https://www.blankrome.com/publications/new-ai-regulations-come-play-texas-res", "description": "The Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA) became effective January 1, 2026, broadly governing both development and deployment of AI in Texas, with extraterritorial reach for AI systems used within the state.", "categories": [ "State Legislation", "AI Governance", "High-Risk AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案 (TRAIGA)", "description_zh": "《德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案》(TRAIGA) 于 2026 年 1 月 1 日生效，广泛管理德克萨斯州人工智能的开发和部署，并对该州内使用的人工智能系统具有域外管辖权。" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Illinois Human Rights Act Amendments - AI in Employment", "url": "https://ogeltree.com/insights-resources/blog-posts/illinois-unveils-draft-not", "description": "Illinois Public Act 103-0804 amended the Illinois Human Rights Act to regulate the use of artificial intelligence in employment decisions. Effective January 1, 2026, employers must provide notice when AI is used to influence or facilitate any covered employment decision (recruitment, hiring, promotion, training, termination, performance evaluation). Draft notice rules were unveiled in December 2025.", "categories": [ "State Legislation", "Employment AI", "Transparency" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州人权法案修正案 - 就业中的人工智能", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州公共法案 103-0804 修订了伊利诺伊州人权法案，以规范人工智能在就业决策中的使用。自 2026 年 1 月 1 日起，当人工智能用于影响或促进任何涵盖的就业决策（招聘、雇用、晋升、培训、解雇、绩效评估）时，雇主必须发出通知。通知规则草案于 2025 年 12 月公布。" }, { "title": "Illinois AI Law - Employment Decision Requirements", "url": "https://ai-law-center.orrick.com/illinois/", "description": "Illinois codified several AI-related requirements and prohibitions for employers using AI-driven tools that analyze video interviews, biometric-adjacent data, or other candidate/employee characteristics.", "categories": [ "State Legislation", "Employment AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州人工智能法 - 就业决策要求", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州制定了几项与人工智能相关的要求和禁令，要求雇主使用人工智能驱动的工具来分析视频面试、生物识别相关数据或其他候选人/员工特征。" }, { "title": "New York AI Regulation - Employment and Hiring", "url": "https://lgwmlaw.com/illinois-and-new-york-lead-the-way-in-regulating-artifici", "description": "New York has advanced AI regulation focused on employment and hiring. The NYC Local Law 144 (bias audits for AI hiring tools) continues to be enforced, and additional state-level AI proposals were under consideration in 2026.", "categories": [ "State Legislation", "Employment AI", "Bias Audits" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约人工智能法规 - 就业和招聘", "description_zh": "纽约拥有先进的人工智能监管，重点关注就业和招聘。纽约市地方法 144（人工智能招聘工具的偏见审计）继续执行，并且 2026 年其他州级人工智能提案正在考虑中。" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "US v. Hersh - Attorney Sanctioned for AI Hallucinations", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-appeals-court-orders-lawyer-pay-2", "description": "A 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel sanctioned attorney Heather Hersh $2,500 for using AI to draft a brief with numerous fabrications (21 misrepresentations or hallucinated citations) in a sanctions-related proceeding. This is among the first federal appellate court sanctions specifically for AI-generated hallucinations in legal briefs.", "categories": [ "Court Case", "Legal Sanctions", "AI Hallucination", "Legal Ethics" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "US v. Hersh - 律师因人工智能幻觉而受到制裁", "description_zh": "美国第五巡回上诉法院小组对律师希瑟·赫什 (Heather Hersh) 处以 2,500 美元的罚款，原因是她在制裁相关程序中使用人工智能起草了一份包含大量捏造内容（21 项虚假陈述或幻觉引用）的摘要。这是联邦上诉法院首次专门针对法律摘要中人工智能产生的幻觉实施的制裁之一。" }, { "title": "AI Hallucination Cases Database (Charlotin)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/hallucinations/", "description": "Damien Charlotin's AI Hallucination Cases Database documents court decisions in which a party's use of AI-generated content (including hallucinated material) is explicitly implicated. The database has grown significantly through Q1 2026, with at least 38 documented cases of sanctions for AI hallucinations in court filings.", "categories": [ "Court Case Database", "AI Hallucination" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI幻觉案例数据库（Charlotin）", "description_zh": "Damien Charlotin 的人工智能幻觉案例数据库记录了法庭判决，其中明确涉及一方使用人工智能生成的内容（包括幻觉材料）。截至 2026 年第一季度，该数据库已显着增长，法庭文件中至少记录了 38 起人工智能幻觉制裁案件。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Buchanan v. Vuori - AI Hallucination Sanctions", "url": "https://blogs.duanemorris.com/classactiondefense/2026/02/03/ai-hallucinated-c", "description": "A 2025 California wage-and-hour case (Buchanan v. Vuori, Inc.) resulted in sanctions against plaintiff's counsel for using AI to generate misattributed or non-existent case law in a motion for sanctions. Published February 2026 as an example of emerging AI hallucination liability trends.", "categories": [ "Court Case", "Sanctions", "AI Hallucination" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Buchanan v. Vuori - AI 幻觉制裁", "description_zh": "2025 年加州工资和工时案件（Buchanan 诉 Vuori, Inc.）导致原告律师因在制裁动议中使用人工智能生成错误归属或不存在的判例法而受到制裁。 2026 年 2 月发布，作为新兴人工智能幻觉责任趋势的示例。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Sedano v. Live Arena / Nolan Cases - AI Hallucination Liability", "url": "https://www.lflm.com/news-knowledge/when-ai-hallucinates-the-law-sedano-and-n", "description": "Two 2025 California WCAB/appeals decisions (Sedano v. Live Arena; Nolan) illustrate the cost of AI-hallucinated legal authorities. Both resulted in sanctions against attorneys using AI-generated case citations that did not exist.", "categories": [ "Court Case", "Legal Sanctions", "AI Hallucination" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sedano 诉 Live Arena / 诺兰案 - AI 幻觉责任", "description_zh": "2025 年加利福尼亚州 WCAB/上诉的两项裁决（Sedano 诉 Live Arena；Nolan）说明了人工智能幻觉的法律当局所付出的代价。两者都导致对使用人工智能生成的并不存在的案件引文的律师进行制裁。" }, { "title": "AI Hallucinations Hit Record Sanctions Q1 2026", "url": "https://www.theaiconsultingnetwork.com/blog/ai-hallucinations-legal-sanctions", "description": "AI hallucinations in legal filings hit record levels in Q1 2026, with at least $47,000 in total sanctions across multiple cases, highlighting the growing legal liability from AI-generated legal content.", "categories": [ "AI Hallucination", "Legal Liability", "Court Sanctions" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年第一季度人工智能幻觉制裁创历史新高", "description_zh": "法律文件中的人工智能幻觉在 2026 年第一季度创下历史新高，多起案件的总制裁金额至少为 47,000 美元，突显人工智能生成的法律内容所带来的法律责任日益增加。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "AI Copyright Litigation Shifts from Training Data to Outputs", "url": "https://www.mofo.com/resources/insights/260210-ai-trends-for-2026-copyright-l", "description": "AI copyright litigation in 2026 shifts focus from the process of training AI on data to the outputs generated by AI. After early fair-use rulings in 2025 (e.g., Meta, Anthropic), courts are likely to hear cases on whether AI outputs infringe copyrights held by creators.", "categories": [ "Copyright", "Training Data", "Fair Use", "AI Outputs" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能版权诉讼从训练数据转向输出", "description_zh": "2026 年人工智能版权诉讼的焦点将从人工智能数据训练过程转移到人工智能生成的输出。在 2025 年做出早期合理使用裁决（例如 Meta、Anthropic）后，法院可能会审理有关人工智能输出是否侵犯创作者拥有的版权的案件。" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "MATCH Act - Bipartisan Senate Bill on AI Chip Export Controls", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/senate-bill-ban-sale-key-ai-chipmaking", "description": "A bipartisan group in the U.S. House led by Rep. Michael Baumgartner introduced the Multilateral Alignment of Technology Controls on Hardware (MATCH) Act to tighten export controls on advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment and AI chips to China.", "categories": [ "Export Controls", "Semiconductors", "China", "MATCH Act" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MATCH 法案 - 两党参议院关于人工智能芯片出口管制的法案", "description_zh": "由众议员迈克尔·鲍姆加特纳 (Michael Baumgartner) 领导的美国众议院两党小组提出了《硬件技术控制多边调整 (MATCH) 法案》，以加强对中国先进半导体制造设备和人工智能芯片的出口管制。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "US Expands AI Chip Export Controls to Allies", "url": "https://www.chosun.com/english/industry-en/2026/03/06/HKIWKHLRDZBY3LBV25ZG5I6", "description": "The United States broadened its export controls on AI chips to include more allied nations, tightening restrictions on the sale and transfer of advanced semiconductors. New rules may further limit exports of advanced chips from Nvidia and AMD.", "categories": [ "Export Controls", "AI Chips", "Allies" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国将人工智能芯片出口管制扩大到盟友", "description_zh": "美国扩大了对人工智能芯片的出口管制，将更多盟国纳入其中，收紧了对先进半导体销售和转让的限制。新规定可能会进一步限制英伟达和AMD先进芯片的出口。" }, { "date": "17 April 2026", "title": "Congress Urged to Pass Stricter AI Export Controls Against China", "url": "https://silverado.org/media/congress-urged-to-pass-stricter-ai-export-control", "description": "Dmitri Alperovitch, co-founder of Silverado Policy Accelerator, urged Congress to pass stricter U.S. AI export controls directed at China to maintain American AI leadership amid escalating competition.", "categories": [ "Export Controls", "China", "AI Leadership" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国会敦促通过针对中国更严格的人工智能出口管制", "description_zh": "Silverado 政策加速器联合创始人德米特里·阿尔佩罗维奇 (Dmitri Alperovitch) 敦促国会通过针对中国的更严格的美国人工智能出口管制，以在竞争不断升级的情况下保持美国人工智能的领先地位。" }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "AI Technology Export Enforcement - Five Warning Signs", "url": "https://www.alvarezandmarsal.com/thought-leadership/ai-technology-export-enfo", "description": "Alvarez and Marsal outlined five practical indicators companies should watch to navigate AI technology export controls and sanctions risk, providing enforcement risk guidance for the semiconductor and AI industries.", "categories": [ "Export Controls", "Enforcement", "Sanctions Risk" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "人工智能技术出口执法——五个警告信号", "description_zh": "阿尔瓦雷斯和马萨尔概述了公司应关注的五个实用指标，以应对人工智能技术出口管制和制裁风险，为半导体和人工智能行业提供执法风险指导。" }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "US - 2026 Antitrust Year in Preview: Big Tech", "url": "https://www.wsgr.com/en/insights/2026-antitrust-year-in-preview-big-tech.html", "description": "Wilson Sonsini previews 2026 antitrust activity centered on Big Tech, with focus on AI-related innovation, infrastructure, and applications. U.S. antitrust scrutiny of AI is evolving amid limited structural remedies and continued behavioral remedies.", "categories": [ "Antitrust", "Big Tech", "AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国 - 2026 年反垄断年预览：大型科技公司", "description_zh": "Wilson Sonsini 展望了 2026 年以大型科技为中心的反垄断活动，重点关注人工智能相关的创新、基础设施和应用。美国对人工智能的反垄断审查在有限的结构性补救措施和持续的行为补救措施中不断发展。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "US - AI Antitrust Enforcement Outlook 2026", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/old-laws-new-tech-massive-litigation", "description": "2026 could be defined by AI-focused litigation with antitrust and related tech disputes driving major lawsuits. Software pricing and automated pricing algorithms are emerging as key antitrust concerns.", "categories": [ "Antitrust", "AI Litigation", "Software Pricing" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国 - 2026 年人工智能反垄断执法展望", "description_zh": "2026 年可能会以人工智能诉讼为主，反垄断和相关技术纠纷将引发重大诉讼。软件定价和自动定价算法正在成为关键的反垄断问题。" }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "US - Eyes on AI Antitrust Enforcement Potential", "url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/eyes-ai-looking-ahead-potential-ai-an", "description": "White & Case analysis on how antitrust enforcement related to AI is likely to evolve under the Trump administration, with emphasis on both private litigation and government enforcement actions.", "categories": [ "Antitrust", "Enforcement", "Trump Administration" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国——关注人工智能反垄断执法潜力", "description_zh": "White & Case 分析了特朗普政府领导下与人工智能相关的反垄断执法可能如何演变，重点关注私人诉讼和政府执法行动。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "US State Deepfake Laws - 2026 Tracker", "url": "https://stackcyber.com/posts/ai-deepfake-laws", "description": "A multi-state tracker covers deepfake and generative AI regulation at the U.S. federal and state levels, with emphasis on two main areas: election-related synthetic content and non-consensual intimate imagery (deepfake pornography).", "categories": [ "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media", "State Laws", "Election AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国各州 Deepfake 法律 - 2026 追踪器", "description_zh": "多州追踪器涵盖了美国联邦和州层面的深度造假和生成人工智能监管，重点关注两个主要领域：与选举相关的合成内容和未经同意的亲密图像（深度造假色情内容）。" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "How AI-Generated Content Laws Are Changing Across the Country", "url": "https://www.multistate.us/insider/2026/2/12/how-ai-generated-content-laws-are", "description": "State-level regulatory trends on AI-generated deepfakes show sexual deepfake regulations and political deepfake regulations as the two dominant categories. Most states have enacted or proposed specific deepfake laws.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media", "State Laws", "Political Content" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "全国范围内人工智能生成内容的法律正在如何变化", "description_zh": "国家层面对人工智能生成的 Deepfake 的监管趋势显示，性 Deepfake 监管和政治 Deepfake 监管是两个主要类别。大多数州已经颁布或提出了具体的深度造假法律。" }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "Global AI Governance Market Report 2026", "url": "", "description": "The AI Governance market is forecast to reach approximately $2.63-3.0 billion by 2030, with a CAGR around 35-40%. The market growth reflects the global surge in AI regulation and compliance requirements.", "categories": [ "AI Governance Market", "Market Forecast" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026年全球人工智能治理市场报告", "description_zh": "预计到 2030 年，人工智能治理市场将达到约 2.63-30 亿美元，复合年增长率约为 35-40%。市场增长反映了全球人工智能监管和合规要求的激增。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "California Executive Order N-5-26 on AI", "url": "https://www.mondaq.com/unitedstates/new-technology/1771734/california-publish", "description": "California Governor Gavin Newsom signed Executive Order N-5-26 on March 30, 2026, expanding the state AI governance framework. The order steers procurement, deployment, and use of AI by state agencies and contractors, establishing stronger oversight mechanisms for AI systems used in government functions. Builds on California Executive Order N-12-23 from September 2023.", "categories": [ "State AI Governance", "Executive Order", "Government AI Use", "Procurement" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于人工智能的加州行政命令 N-5-26", "description_zh": "加州州长 Gavin Newsom 于 2026 年 3 月 30 日签署了 N-5-26 号行政命令，扩大了州人工智能治理框架。该命令指导国家机构和承包商采购、部署和使用人工智能，为政府职能中使用的人工智能系统建立更强有力的监督机制。以 2023 年 9 月起的加州行政命令 N-12-23 为基础。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "United States - 19 New State AI Laws Enacted", "url": "https://pluralpolicy.com/blog/the-ai-governance-watch-april-2026-nineteen-new", "description": "In April 2026, 19 new AI-related laws were enacted across multiple US states including Colorado, Idaho, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee. Laws cover consumer protection, algorithmic accountability, deepfake regulations, automated decision-making transparency, and sector-specific AI use restrictions. The proliferation of state-level AI laws creates a complex patchwork compliance environment for companies operating nationally.", "categories": [ "State AI Laws", "Consumer Protection", "Deepfakes", "Algorithmic Accountability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国 - 颁布了 19 项新州人工智能法", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月，科罗拉多州、爱达荷州、纽约州、俄勒冈州和田纳西州等美国多个州颁布了 19 项新的人工智能相关法律。法律涵盖消费者保护、算法责任、深度造假法规、自动化决策透明度以及特定行业的人工智能使用限制。国家级人工智能法律的激增为在全国范围内运营的公司创造了一个复杂的拼凑合规环境。" }, { "title": "Arizona SB 1359 (2024) — Election Communications; Deepfakes; Prohibition (adds Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 16-1023; Chapter 199, Laws 2024)", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2r/bills/sb1359s.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Adds Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 16-1023 to prohibit, within 90 days before an election, the creation, sponsorship, or distribution of deceptive AI-generated "deepfakes" of candidates or political parties unless a clear, conspicuous AI disclosure is present; establishes exemptions (news, parody, interactive computer services) and classifies violations (class 1 misdemeanor; aggravated felonies for repeat or violent-intent violations). See official bill text....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州 SB 1359 (2024) — 选举通讯；深度造假；禁止（添加亚利桑那州修订统计第 16-1023 条；2024 年法律第 199 章）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：添加亚利桑那州修订统计。 § 16-1023 禁止在选举前 90 天内创建、赞助或分发人工智能生成的欺骗性“深度赝品”。候选人或政党的信息，除非存在清晰、显着的人工智能披露；规定了豁免（新闻、模仿、交互式计算机服务）并对违法行为进行分类（1 类轻罪；重复或暴力意图违法行为的严重重罪）。请参阅官方法案文本...." }, { "title": "California AB 2655 - Defending Democracy from Deepfake Deception Act of 2024", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655", "description": "AI law in United States: California's AB 2655 combats election-related deepfakes by requiring large online platforms to block or label deceptive AI-generated content during election periods....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 2655 - 2024 年《捍卫民主免受 Deepfake 欺骗法案》", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：加州 AB 2655 要求大型在线平台在选举期间屏蔽或标记人工智能生成的欺骗性内容，以打击与选举相关的深度造假……" }, { "title": "Arizona SB 1359 - Synthetic Media in Elections", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/2r/bills/sb1359s.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: Arizona SB 1359 regulates deceptive AI-generated synthetic media in political campaigns, requiring clear disclosure within 90 days before an election to prevent misinformation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州 SB 1359 - 选举中的合成媒体", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：亚利桑那州 SB 1359 规范政治竞选中人工智能生成的欺骗性合成媒体，要求在选举前 90 天内明确披露，以防止错误信息......" }, { "title": "California AB 1831 - AI-Generated Child Sexual Abuse Material", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1831", "description": "AI law in United States: California AB 1831 criminalizes the creation, distribution, and possession of AI-generated Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) by expanding existing Penal Code sections to include digitally altered content, closing a critical legal loophole....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "California AB 1831 - AI 生成的儿童性虐待材料", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：加利福尼亚州 AB 1831 通过扩展现有《刑法典》部分以纳入数字化修改的内容，将人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料 (CSAM) 的创建、分发和拥有定为刑事犯罪，从而堵住了一个关键的法律漏洞……" }, { "title": "California AB 1836 - Digital Replicas of Deceased Performers", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836", "description": "AI law in United States: California AB 1836 expands post-mortem right of publicity to include digital replicas of deceased performers, requiring consent for AI-generated likenesses and voices....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 1836 - 已故表演者的数字复制品", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：加利福尼亚州 AB 1836 扩大了死后公开权，将已故表演者的数字复制品包括在内，要求人工智能生成的肖像和声音征得同意……" }, { "title": "Arizona HB 2394 - Deepfake Disclosure Requirements", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/1841", "description": "AI law in United States: Arizona House Bill 2394 (HB 2394), enacted as Chapter 193 in May 2024, establishes a civil cause of action for 'digital impersonation' within Arizona law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚利桑那州 HB 2394 - Deepfake 披露要求", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：亚利桑那州众议院第 2394 号法案 (HB 2394)，于 2024 年 5 月作为第 193 章颁布，规定了“数字冒充”的民事诉讼理由。根据亚利桑那州法律......" }, { "title": "Delaware HB 316 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?legislationId=154366", "description": "AI law in United States: Delaware HB 316 prohibits the distribution of materially deceptive deepfakes in elections within 90 days of an election, with exceptions for clear disclaimers and establishes penalties....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特拉华州 HB 316 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：特拉华州 HB 316 禁止在选举后 90 天内在选举中传播具有实质欺骗性的深度伪造数据，但明确的免责声明除外，并规定了处罚......" }, { "title": "Elections: deceptive audio or visual media (California Elections Code § 20010)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=ELEC§ionNum=20010.", "description": "AI law in United States: Extends California's law against deceptive audio or visual media in elections, including deepfakes, until January 1, 2027.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "选举：欺骗性音频或视频媒体（《加州选举法》§ 20010）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：将加州针对选举中欺骗性音频或视频媒体（包括深度造假）的法律延长至 2027 年 1 月 1 日。" }, { "title": "California SB 981 - Platform Obligations for Deepfake Intimate Images", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB981", "description": "AI law in United States: California SB 981 mandates social media platforms to provide reporting and removal mechanisms for non-consensual deepfake intimate images, protecting user privacy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SB 981 - Deepfake 私密图像的平台义务", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：加州SB 981强制社交媒体平台对未经同意的深度伪造亲密图像提供报告和删除机制，保护用户隐私......" }, { "title": "FINAL REPORT OF THE SENATE STUDY COMMITTEE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SR 476)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/71716", "description": "AI law in United States: Georgia's Senate Study Committee on AI (SR 476) adopted a final report with 22 recommendations for responsible AI integration and policy development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "参议院人工智能研究委员会的最终报告 (SR 476)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佐治亚州参议院人工智能研究委员会 (SR 476) 通过了一份最终报告，其中包含关于负责任的人工智能整合和政策制定的 22 条建议。" }, { "title": "Georgia HB 887 - Insurance use of artificial intelligence in coverage decisions", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/65973", "description": "AI law in United States: Georgia HB 887 aimed to regulate AI use in insurance, healthcare, and public assistance by mandating human review and prohibiting sole reliance on AI for consequential decisions, but it died in committee....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乔治亚州 HB 887 - 保险在承保决策中使用人工智能", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佐治亚州 HB 887 旨在通过强制人工审查并禁止完全依赖人工智能做出后续决策来规范人工智能在保险、医疗保健和公共援助中的使用，但该法案在委员会中夭折了……" }, { "title": "An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence (Connecticut SB 2)", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/TOB/SB-00002-R00-SB.HTM", "description": "AI law in United States: Connecticut Senate Bill 2 (2024) aimed to establish a comprehensive state-level regulatory framework for AI, focusing on high-risk systems and consumer protection, but ultimately stalled in the House....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于人工智能的法案（康涅狄格州 SB 2）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：康涅狄格州参议院第2号法案（2024）旨在建立一个全面的州级人工智能监管框架，重点关注高风险系统和消费者保护，但最终在众议院陷入停滞......" }, { "title": "California AB 2839 - Deceptive Election Content", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839", "description": "AI law in United States: California AB 2839 prohibits the malicious distribution of materially deceptive AI-generated election content, though its enforcement is currently blocked by a federal injunction....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 2839 - 欺骗性选举内容", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：加州 AB 2839 禁止恶意传播人工智能生成的具有欺骗性的选举内容，尽管其执行目前受到联邦禁令的阻止......" }, { "title": "An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence, Automated Decision-Making and Personal Data Privacy", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2023/ACT/PA/PDF/2023PA-00015-R00SB-01103-PA.PDF", "description": "AI law in United States: Connecticut's SB 1103 establishes a framework for responsible AI use by state agencies, mandates impact assessments, and strengthens data privacy protections, including for minors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关人工智能、自动决策和个人数据隐私的法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：康涅狄格州的 SB 1103 建立了国家机构负责任地使用人工智能的框架，强制要求进行影响评估，并加强数据隐私保护，包括对未成年人的保护……" }, { "title": "Florida HB 919 - AI in Political Advertising", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/919/BillText/er/PDF", "description": "AI law in United States: Florida HB 919 mandates disclaimers for AI-generated content in political ads that depict a real person in a false action, with intent to injure or deceive, effective July 1, 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛罗里达 HB 919 - 政治广告中的人工智能", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佛罗里达州 HB 919 强制要求对政治广告中人工智能生成的内容提供免责声明，这些内容描绘了真人的虚假行为，意图伤害或欺骗，自 2024 年 7 月 1 日起生效。" }, { "title": "Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/101/PDF/101-0260.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: The Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act mandates transparency, consent, and data protection for AI-analyzed video interviews in employment within Illinois....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州人工智能视频采访法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：伊利诺伊州人工智能视频面试法案规定伊利诺伊州就业中人工智能分析视频面试的透明度、同意和数据保护......" }, { "title": "Georgia State AI Governance and Use Guidance", "url": "https://ai.georgia.gov/ai-glossary", "description": "AI law in United States: Georgia's AI Governance Guidance establishes a framework for responsible, ethical, and secure AI use in state government, emphasizing human oversight, data privacy, and transparency....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佐治亚州人工智能治理和使用指南", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佐治亚州的人工智能治理指南为州政府负责任、道德和安全的人工智能使用建立了框架，强调人类监督、数据隐私和透明度......" }, { "title": "Indiana House Enrolled Act 1133 - Use of Digitally Altered Media in Elections", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/house/1133", "description": "AI law in United States: Indiana House Enrolled Act 1133 mandates disclaimers on deepfakes in election campaign communications and provides civil recourse for non-compliance to protect election integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印第安纳州众议院注册法案 1133 - 在选举中使用数字化媒体", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：印第安纳州众议院第 1133 号法案强制要求对竞选通讯中的深度伪造行为提供免责声明，并对不合规行为提供民事追索，以保护选举的完整性……" }, { "title": "Idaho HB 664 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2024/legislation/H0664/", "description": "AI law in United States: Idaho HB 664, the 'Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act,' prohibits deceptive synthetic media in electioneering communications, allowing candidates to seek relief and requiring clear disclosures for manipulated content....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱达荷州 HB 664 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：爱达荷州 HB 664，《免遭人工智能操纵（公平）选举法》禁止在竞选通信中使用欺骗性合成媒体，允许候选人寻求救济，并要求明确披露受操纵的内容……" }, { "title": "Massachusetts H.5100 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H5100", "description": "AI law in United States: Massachusetts H.5100, despite its prompt title, is an economic development bill signed into law in 2024, authorizing significant investments to boost the state's economy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州 H.5100 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：马萨诸塞州 H.5100 尽管名称很简单，但却是一项于 2024 年签署成为法律的经济发展法案，授权进行重大投资以促进该州经济......" }, { "title": "Recommendations of the Judicial Council of Georgia Ad Hoc Committee on Artificial Intelligence and the Courts", "url": "https://judicialcouncil.ga.gov/committees/ad-hoc-committee-artificial-intelligence-and-courts", "description": "AI law in United States: The Judicial Council of Georgia Ad Hoc Committee on AI and the Courts submitted its final report in July 2025, recommending a permanent governance body and addressing AI's impact on evidence, ethics, and bias in courts....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佐治亚州司法委员会人工智能和法院特设委员会的建议", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佐治亚州司法委员会人工智能和法院特设委员会于 2025 年 7 月提交了最终报告，建议设立一个常设治理机构，并解决人工智能对法庭证据、道德和偏见的影响……" }, { "title": "Maryland Facial Recognition in Employment Interviews Law", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=LE§ion=3-717", "description": "AI law in United States: Maryland's Facial Recognition in Employment Interviews Law mandates explicit applicant consent for employers using facial recognition during job interviews to protect biometric privacy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马里兰州就业面试中的面部识别法", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：马里兰州就业面试中的面部识别法要求雇主在面试期间使用面部识别来保护生物识别隐私，必须征得申请人的明确同意。" }, { "title": "An Act to Ensure Transparency in Consumer Transactions Involving Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?ld=1727&snum=132", "description": "AI law in United States: The Maine Chatbot Disclosure Act mandates clear disclosure to consumers when interacting with AI chatbots that simulate human conversation, preventing deception and ensuring transparency in trade and commerce....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保涉及人工智能的消费者交易透明度的法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：缅因州聊天机器人披露法案要求在与模拟人类对话的人工智能聊天机器人互动时向消费者明确披露信息，防止欺骗并确保贸易和商业的透明度......" }, { "title": "Michigan HB 4047-4048 - Non-Consensual Intimate Deepfakes", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2025-2026/billintroduced/House/htm/2025-HIB-4047.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Michigan HB 4047 and 4048 establish civil and criminal penalties for non-consensual intimate deepfakes, protecting individuals from digital sexual exploitation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "密歇根 HB 4047-4048 - 非自愿的亲密 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密歇根州 HB 4047 和 4048 对未经同意的亲密深度伪造行为规定了民事和刑事处罚，保护个人免受数字性剥削......" }, { "title": "Michigan House Bills 5141-5145 - Regulation of Deepfakes and AI in Election Campaigns", "url": "http://legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/publicact/htm/2023-PA-0263.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Michigan's House Bills 5141-5145 require disclosure for AI-generated political ads and ban deceptive deepfakes in elections, effective February 13, 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "密歇根州众议院法案 5141-5145 - 选举活动中 Deepfakes 和人工智能的监管", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密歇根州众议院第 5141-5145 号法案要求披露人工智能生成的政治广告，并禁止选举中的欺骗性深度造假，该法案于 2024 年 2 月 13 日生效。" }, { "title": "Distribution of materially deceptive media; prohibition; violation; misdemeanor; penalties; injunctive relief; definitions (Michigan Election Law §168.932f) — Public Act 265 of 2023 (HB 5144)", "url": "http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-168-932f", "description": "AI law in United States: Michigan Act prohibits distribution of deceptive AI-generated media in elections, imposing criminal penalties and allowing injunctive relief.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "传播具有实质欺骗性的媒体；禁止；违反;轻罪;处罚；禁令救济；定义（密歇根州选举法第 168.932f 条）— 2023 年第 265 号公共法案 (HB 5144)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密歇根法案禁止在选举中传播人工智能生成的欺骗性媒体，并处以刑事处罚并允许禁令救济。" }, { "title": "Michigan Public Acts 263-266 of 2023 - AI in Political Advertising", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/billintroduced/House/htm/2023-HIB-5142.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Michigan's Public Acts 263-266 of 2023 mandate transparency for AI-generated political ads and prohibit deceptive deepfakes to protect election integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年密歇根州公共法案 263-266 - 政治广告中的人工智能", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密歇根州 2023 年第 263-266 号公共法案强制要求人工智能生成的政治广告保持透明度，并禁止欺骗性深度造假，以保护选举的公正性……" }, { "title": "Minnesota HF 4772 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2024/0/112/", "description": "AI law in United States: Minnesota HF 4772 amends existing law to strengthen prohibitions against the deceptive use of deepfake technology to influence elections, expanding the timeframe and lowering the culpability standard....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州 HF 4772 - Deepfakes 监管", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：明尼苏达州 HF 4772 修订现行法律，加强禁止欺骗性地使用 Deepfake 技术影响选举，延长时限并降低罪责标准……" }, { "title": "Minnesota HF 1370 - Deepfake Criminal and Civil Liability (Minn. Stat. § 609.771)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.771", "description": "AI law in United States: Minnesota law criminalizing deepfakes for sexual exploitation and election interference.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "明尼苏达州 HF 1370 - Deepfake 刑事和民事责任（明尼苏达州统计第 § 609.771）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：明尼苏达州法律将性剥削和选举干扰等深度伪造行为定为刑事犯罪。" }, { "title": "Creates new provisions relating to the use of artificial intelligence in elections", "url": "https://www.senate.mo.gov/25info/BTS_Web/Bill.aspx?SessionType=R&BillID=507385", "description": "AI law in United States: Missouri SB 509 requires disclaimers on political advertisements using generative AI, especially if content is deceptive or misrepresents individuals, with penalties for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "制定有关在选举中使用人工智能的新规定", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密苏里州 SB 509 要求对使用生成式人工智能的政治广告提供免责声明，特别是在内容具有欺骗性或歪曲个人的情况下，违规者将受到处罚......" }, { "title": "Montana SB 25 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066", "description": "AI law in United States: Montana SB 25, enacted in 2025, regulates deepfakes in election communications, prohibiting their knowing distribution within 60 days of an election unless clearly disclosed, to protect electoral integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州 SB 25 - Deepfakes 监管", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：蒙大拿州 SB 25 于 2025 年颁布，对选举通信中的深度伪造行为进行监管，禁止在选举后 60 天内进行知情分发，除非明确披露，以保护选举的完整性……" }, { "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act (H.R. 5628, House version)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov", "description": "AI law in United States: The Algorithmic Accountability Act (H.R.5628) directs the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to promulgate rules requiring covered entities that deploy automated decision systems used to make 'critical decisions' to perform and document ongoing impact assessments and to submit summary reports to the FTC. The bill creates a public repository, authorizes a Bureau of Technology within the FTC, and treats violations as unfair or deceptive acts enforceable under the FTC Act. (congress.gov)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "算法问责法案（H.R. 5628，众议院版本）", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：《算法责任法案》(H.R.5628) 指示联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 颁布规则，要求所涵盖的实体部署用于做出“关键决策”的自动决策系统；执行并记录持续的影响评估并向联邦贸易委员会提交总结报告。该法案创建了一个公共存储库，授权联邦贸易委员会内设立一个技术局，并将违规行为视为不公平或欺骗行为，可根据联邦贸易委员会法案强制执行。 （国会.gov）..." }, { "title": "Mississippi SB 2577 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://legislature.ms.gov/", "description": "AI law in United States: Mississippi SB 2577, effective July 1, 2024, criminalizes the malicious dissemination of deepfakes, especially in elections, with exemptions for satire and news....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "密西西比州 SB 2577 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密西西比州 SB 2577 将于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效，将恶意传播深度伪造品定为犯罪，特别是在选举中，但讽刺和新闻除外......" }, { "title": "Health care professions: deceptive terms or letters: artificial intelligence.", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB489", "description": "AI law in United States: California AB 489 prohibits AI from deceptively using terms that imply it is a licensed healthcare professional, safeguarding patient trust and ensuring transparency....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "医疗保健行业：欺骗性术语或字母：人工智能。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：加州 AB 489 禁止人工智能欺骗性地使用暗示其是有执照的医疗保健专业人员的术语，以维护患者的信任并确保透明度......" }, { "title": "Montana SB 212 - Right to Compute Act", "url": "https://www.legis.mt.gov/bills/2025/billpdf/SB0212_X.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: Montana's Right to Compute Act establishes fundamental digital rights, mandates AI risk management for critical infrastructure, and protects intellectual property....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州 SB 212 - 计算权法", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：蒙大拿州的计算权法案确立了基本的数字权利，要求对关键基础设施进行人工智能风险管理，并保护知识产权......" }, { "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act (S. 2892, Senate version)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2892/text", "description": "AI law in United States: S.2892 (Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023) would require certain companies under FTC jurisdiction that develop or deploy automated decision systems for high‑impact "critical decisions" to conduct ongoing impact assessments, maintain documentation, submit summary reports to the Federal Trade Commission, and register selected information in a publicly accessible FTC repository. The bill directs the FTC to promulgate implementing regulations and creates staffing and resource authorizations to support oversight and enforcement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "算法问责法（S. 2892，参议院版本）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：S.2892（2023 年算法责任法案）将要求 FTC 管辖下的某些公司开发或部署自动化决策系统，以做出高影响力的“关键决策”。进行持续的影响评估、维护文件、向联邦贸易委员会提交摘要报告，以及在可公开访问的 FTC 存储库中注册选定的信息。该法案指示联邦贸易委员会颁布实施条例，并建立人员配置和资源授权，以支持监督和执法......" }, { "title": "Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights: Making Automated Systems Work for the American People (OSTP)", "url": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/ostp/ai-bill-of-rights/", "description": "AI law in United States: The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) published the non‑binding "Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights" on October 4, 2022. The Blueprint sets out five core principles and recommended practices to guide the design, development, deployment, and governance of automated systems that may meaningfully impact Americans' rights, opportunities, or access to critical resources....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能权利法案蓝图：让自动化系统为美国人民服务 (OSTP)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：白宫科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 发布了不具约束力的“人工智能权利法案蓝图” 2022 年 10 月 4 日。该蓝图提出了五项核心原则和建议实践，以指导可能对美国人的生活产生有意义影响的自动化系统的设计、开发、部署和治理。权利、机会或获得关键资源的机会......" }, { "title": "Coalition of 42 State Attorneys General Letter to AI Companies on Chatbot Safety", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/letters/ai-multistate-letter-letters-2025.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: On December 9, 2025, a coalition of 42 U.S. state and territorial attorneys general sent a multi‑state letter to leading AI companies urging immediate safeguards for generative AI chatbots to prevent 'sycophantic' and 'delusional' outputs that have caused real‑world harm, especially to children and other vulnerable people. The letter sets a series of required practices (testing, warnings, reporting, executive accountability, third‑party audits) and requests companies confirm commitments by January 16, 2026....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "42 个州总检察长联盟致人工智能公司关于聊天机器人安全的信函", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：2025 年 12 月 9 日，由 42 个美国州和地区总检察长组成的联盟向领先的人工智能公司发出了一封多州信函，敦促立即对生成式人工智能聊天机器人采取保护措施，以防止“阿谀奉承”。和“妄想”造成现实世界伤害的产出，特别是对儿童和其他弱势群体的伤害。这封信规定了一系列必需的做法（测试、警告、报告、高管问责、第三方审计），并要求公司在 2026 年 1 月 16 日之前确认承诺……" }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Senator Markey Inquiry on AI Chatbot Advertising", "url": "https://www.commerce.senate.gov/", "description": "AI law in United States: Senator Markey initiated an inquiry into AI companies' plans for advertising in chatbots, focusing on consumer protection, privacy, and preventing manipulation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马基参议员对人工智能聊天机器人广告的询问", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：马基参议员发起对人工智能公司的调查计划在聊天机器人中做广告，重点关注消费者保护、隐私和防止操纵......" }, { "title": "Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act (S. 1396, 2025)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/119/bills/s1396/BILLS-119s1396is.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: S.1396 (2025) requires transparency for synthetic and synthetically-modified content by promoting machine-readable content provenance, supporting standards development and NIST research, mandating provenance options for commercial tools, prohibiting tampering with provenance data, and restricting nonconsensual use of provenance-tagged copyrighted works for AI training. It creates enforcement pathways including FTC jurisdiction and private civil actions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《内容来源保护和编辑和深造媒体的完整性法案》（第 1396 条，2025 年）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：S.1396 (2025) 要求通过促进机器可读内容来源、支持标准开发和 NIST 研究、强制商业工具的出处选项、禁止篡改出处数据以及限制在未经同意的情况下使用出处标记的版权作品进行人工智能训练，来提高合成和综合修改内容的透明度。它创建了执法途径，包括联邦贸易委员会管辖权和私人民事诉讼......" }, { "title": "AI in Government Act of 2019", "url": "https://www.gsa.gov", "description": "AI law in United States: The AI in Government Act (originally introduced in 2019 and enacted as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, Division U, Title I) establishes an AI Center of Excellence within GSA, requires OMB guidance on federal AI use, and directs OPM to address workforce and occupational needs for AI. It aims to accelerate federal adoption of AI while promoting governance, transparency, and risk-aware procurement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2019 年人工智能政府法案", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：《人工智能政府法案》（最初于 2019 年推出，作为《2021 年综合拨款法案》的一部分颁布，第 L. 116-260 号，U 部，第一章）在 GSA 内建立人工智能卓越中心，要求 OMB 对联邦人工智能的使用提供指导，并指示 OPM 满足人工智能的劳动力和职业需求。它旨在加速联邦对人工智能的采用，同时促进治理、透明度和风险意识采购……" }, { "title": "DEEPFAKES Accountability Act (H.R. 5586)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586/text", "description": "AI law in United States: The DEEPFAKES Accountability Act (H.R. 5586) is a 2023 bill introduced by Rep. Yvette Clarke to require disclosure and digital watermarking of AI-generated or altered audiovisual content (so-called deepfakes), create criminal and civil penalties for malicious nondisclosure or removal of disclosures, authorize FTC enforcement, establish a DHS-led task force, and provide victims a private right of action. The bill also directs federal agencies to research detection and reporting and requires periodic reports to Congress....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DEEPFAKES 责任法案 (H.R. 5586)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：《DEEPFAKES 责任法案》(H.R. 5586) 是众议员 Yvette Clarke 于 2023 年提出的一项法案，要求对人工智能生成或更改的视听内容（所谓的 Deepfakes）进行披露和数字水印，对恶意不披露或删除披露进行刑事和民事处罚，授权 FTC 执行，建立一个由 DHS 领导的工作组，并为受害者提供私人诉讼权。该法案还指示联邦机构研究检测和报告，并要求定期向国会报告......" }, { "title": "CHIPS and Science Act (contains multiple AI-related authorizations and provisions)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/117/plaws/publ167/PLAW-117publ167.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: The CHIPS and Science Act (Public Law 117-167), signed August 9, 2022, is a broad bipartisan U.S. law that invests in semiconductor manufacturing, research and development, and the national science and technology ecosystem. It establishes major funding authorities (including the CHIPS for America Fund), authorizes expanded appropriations to NSF, NIST, DOE and others, and creates programs and authorities addressing standards, research security, workforce development, regional tech hubs, and measurement science — including activities that fund and support AI research, testing, and risk management efforts....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CHIPS 和科学法案（包含多项 AI 相关授权和条款）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：《CHIPS 和科学法案》（公法 117-167）于 2022 年 8 月 9 日签署，是一项广泛的美国两党法律，投资于半导体制造、研发以及国家科学技术生态系统。它建立了主要的资助机构（包括美国 CHIPS 基金），授权扩大对 NSF、NIST、DOE 等机构的拨款，并创建解决标准、研究安全、劳动力发展、区域技术中心和测量科学的项目和机构，包括资助和支持人工智能研究、测试和风险管理工作的活动……" }, { "title": "AI Non-Sentience and Responsibility Act", "url": "https://house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB1462&year=2025&code=R", "description": "AI law in United States: Missouri HB 1462 (2025) declared AI non-sentient, denied legal personhood and property rights to AI, and assigned liability for AI actions to human actors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能无知觉与责任法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：密苏里州 HB 1462 (2025) 宣布人工智能没有感知能力，否认人工智能的法人资格和财产权，并将人工智能行为的责任归咎于人类行为者......" }, { "title": "An act to amend the general business law, in relation to transparency and safety requirements for developers of artificial intelligence frontier models; to amend a chapter of the laws of 2025 amending the general business law relating to the training and use of artificial intelligence frontier models, as proposed in legislative bills numbers S. 6953-B and A. 6453-B, in relation to the effectiveness thereof; and to repeal certain provisions of the general business law, relating thereto", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S8828", "description": "AI law in United States: New York's A9449/S8828 amends the RAISE Act, establishing transparency and safety requirements for AI frontier model developers in the state.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订一般商业法的法案，涉及人工智能前沿模型开发人员的透明度和安全要求；根据第 S. 6953-B 和 A. 6453-B 号立法法案的提议，修订 2025 年法律的一章，修订与人工智能前沿模型的培训和使用有关的一般商业法，以及其有效性；并废除一般商业法中与之相关的某些规定", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：纽约州A9449/S8828修订了RAISE法案，为该州人工智能前沿模型开发者制定了透明度和安全要求。" }, { "title": "Executive Order on Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence (American AI Initiative, EO 13859)", "url": "https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-maintaining-american-leadership-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "AI law in United States: Executive Order 13859 (February 11, 2019) established the American AI Initiative, directing federal agencies to prioritize AI research and development, expand access to federal data and computing resources, develop standards, and protect U.S. technological advantage. The Order assigns coordination to the NSTC Select Committee on AI and requires agency plans, NIST engagement on technical standards, and actions to foster workforce development while safeguarding privacy and national security....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于保持美国在人工智能领域领导地位的行政命令（美国人工智能倡议，EO 13859）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：第 13859 号行政命令（2019 年 2 月 11 日）建立了美国人工智能计划，指示联邦机构优先考虑人工智能研究和开发，扩大对联邦数据和计算资源的访问，制定标准并保护美国的技术优势。该命令将协调任务分配给 NSTC 人工智能特别委员会，并要求机构计划、NIST 参与技术标准以及采取行动促进劳动力发展，同时保护隐私和国家安全……" }, { "title": "DOE Request for Information: Partnerships for Transformational Artificial Intelligence Models", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-12-05/html/2025-22127.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science published a Request for Information (RFI) to solicit stakeholder input on establishing public–private partnerships and a consortium to curate DOE scientific data across the National Laboratory complex for use in AI models and on approaches to develop self‑improving AI models for science and engineering. Responses are due January 14, 2026 and DOE will post non‑confidential submissions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部索取信息：转型人工智能模型的合作伙伴关系", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：美国能源部 (DOE) 科学办公室发布了一份信息请求 (RFI)，征求利益相关者对建立公私合作伙伴关系的意见，并组建一个联盟，以管理能源部整个国家实验室综合体的科学数据，用于人工智能模型以及开发用于科学和工程的自我改进人工智能模型的方法。回复截止日期为 2026 年 1 月 14 日，能源部将发布非机密提交材料......" }, { "title": "Regulating artificial intelligence companion chatbots.", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2225&Initiative=false&Year=2025", "description": "AI law in United States: Washington HB 2225 mandates transparency and safety protocols for AI companion chatbots, protecting users, particularly minors, from harmful content and manipulative engagement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管人工智能伴侣聊天机器人。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：华盛顿 HB 2225 强制规定人工智能伴侣聊天机器人的透明度和安全协议，保护用户，特别是未成年人，免受有害内容和操纵性参与......" }, { "title": "Classroom Technology Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0273.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah HB 273 requires the state education board to set policies for classroom technology and AI, limiting screen time and AI use in grading.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "课堂技术修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 HB 273 要求州教育委员会制定课堂技术和人工智能政策，限制屏幕时间和评分中人工智能的使用。" }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Modifications", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0276.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah HB 276 bans non-consensual deepfake intimate images and mandates transparency for AI-generated content, with most provisions effective 2027.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能修改", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 HB 276 禁止未经同意的深度伪造亲密图像，并强制要求人工智能生成的内容保持透明度，大部分条款将于 2027 年生效。" }, { "title": "Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence (EO 14110)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/publications/artificial-intelligence-risk-management-framework-ai-rmf-10", "description": "AI law in United States: Executive Order 14110, signed on October 30, 2023, directed federal agencies to coordinate a whole-of-government approach to advancing safe, secure, and trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI). It charged agencies and standards bodies (notably NIST, DOE, NSF, OMB, OSTP and others) to develop testing frameworks, workforce capacity, civil-rights protections, procurement guidance, and research infrastructure while encouraging private sector engagement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用的行政命令 (EO 14110)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：2023 年 10 月 30 日签署的第 14110 号行政命令指示联邦机构协调整个政府的方法，以推进安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能 (AI)。它责成机构和标准机构（特别是 NIST、DOE、NSF、OMB、OSTP 等）开发测试框架、劳动力能力、公民权利保护、采购指南和研究基础设施，同时鼓励私营部门参与……" }, { "title": "H.B. 218 Digital Skills Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0218.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah H.B. 218 updates the middle school digital skills course to include AI literacy, preparing students for responsible engagement in an AI-driven world....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.B.第218章 数字技能修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 H.B. 218 更新了中学数字技能课程，纳入人工智能素养，帮助学生为负责任地参与人工智能驱动的世界做好准备……" }, { "title": "Federal A.I. Governance and Transparency Act (H.R. 7532)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7532/text", "description": "AI law in United States: H.R. 7532 (Federal A.I. Governance and Transparency Act) would add a new Subchapter IV to chapter 35 of title 44, U.S. Code, establishing government-wide requirements for the design, development, acquisition, use, management, and oversight of Federal artificial intelligence systems. The bill requires agencies to publish AI Governance Charters, maintain a central Federal AI System Inventory, integrate AI governance into agency planning, and directs OMB to issue implementing guidance in coordination with NIST, GSA, OSTP, and other stakeholders....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦人工智能治理和透明度法案 (H.R. 7532)", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：H.R. 7532（联邦人工智能治理和透明度法案）将在《美国法典》第 44 章第 35 章中添加新的第四分章，为政府范围内的联邦人工智能系统的设计、开发、获取、使用、管理和监督制定要求。该法案要求各机构发布人工智能治理章程，维护中央联邦人工智能系统清单，将人工智能治理纳入机构规划，并指示 OMB 与 NIST、GSA、OSTP 和其他利益相关者协调发布实施指南……" }, { "title": "Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy Amendments", "url": "https://commerce.utah.gov/ai/", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah HB 320 amends the state's AI policy framework, strengthening governance, promoting responsible innovation, and ensuring accountability for generative AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能政策修正案办公室", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 HB 320 修订了该州的人工智能政策框架，加强治理，促进负责任的创新，并确保生成式人工智能的问责制......" }, { "title": "Child Sexual Abuse Material Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0289.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah HB 289 criminalizes AI-generated child sexual abuse material, creating new offenses and requiring public libraries to block such content to protect children....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童性虐待材料修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 HB 289 将人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料定为犯罪，创造了新的犯罪行为，并要求公共图书馆屏蔽此类内容以保护儿童......" }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development (R&D) Strategic Plan (2021 update)", "url": "https://www.nsf.gov/", "description": "AI law in United States: No standalone, formal "2021 update" to the National AI R&D Strategic Plan was published by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). The U.S. federal AI R&D strategy originates in the 2016 plan and was formally updated in 2019 and again in 2023; 2021 saw major institutional developments (establishment of the National AI Initiative Office and launch of the NAIRR Task Force) that materially shaped implementation. This entry documents those 2021 actions alongside the official 2016/2019/2023 strategic plan texts and related federal implementation activity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能研究与发展（R&D）战略规划（2021年更新）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：没有独立、正式的“2021 年更新”国家科学技术委员会（NSTC）发布了《国家人工智能研发战略规划》。美国联邦人工智能研发战略源于2016年计划，2019年正式更新，2023年再次更新； 2021 年，重大机构发展（国家人工智能倡议办公室的成立和 NAIRR 工作组的启动）对实施产生了重大影响。本条目记录了 2021 年的行动以及官方 2016/2019/2023 战略计划文本和相关联邦实施活动......" }, { "title": "Idaho S 1297 - Conversational AI Safety Act", "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/S1297/", "description": "AI law in United States: Idaho's Conversational AI Safety Act mandates transparency for AI interactions and implements strong protections for minors against harmful content and manipulative practices....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱达荷州 S 1297 - 对话式人工智能安全法案", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：爱达荷州的对话式人工智能安全法案要求人工智能交互的透明度，并为未成年人提供强有力的保护，使其免受有害内容和操纵行为的侵害......" }, { "title": "Responsible AI Safety & Education Act", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S6953B", "description": "AI law in United States: New York's RAISE Act, enacted in 2025, creates a framework for overseeing advanced AI frontier models, mandating safety protocols and transparency to prevent critical harm....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "负责任的人工智能安全与教育法", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：2025 年颁布的纽约《RAISE 法案》创建了一个框架，用于监督先进的人工智能前沿模型、强制执行安全协议和透明度以防止严重伤害……" }, { "title": "Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act (S. 232, 2025)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/232/text", "description": "AI law in United States: The Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act (S. 232, 2025) amends U.S. antitrust enforcement to address pricing algorithms that facilitate collusion by using nonpublic competitor data. It creates an audit/reporting tool for DOJ and the FTC, establishes a legal presumption of agreement in certain algorithmic pricing circumstances, and authorizes civil penalties, injunctive relief, and joint liability for distributors and developers of unlawful pricing algorithms....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "防止算法串通法（第 232 条，2025 年）", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：《防止算法共谋法案》（S. 232, 2025）修订了美国反垄断执法，以解决通过使用非公开竞争对手数据促进共谋的定价算法。它为司法部和联邦贸易委员会创建了一个审计/报告工具，在某些算法定价情况下建立了合法的协议推定，并授权对非法定价算法的分销商和开发商进行民事处罚、禁令救济和连带责任……" }, { "title": "RAISE Act (Responsible AI Safety and Evaluation Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov", "description": "AI law in United States: US bill establishing AI safety research and evaluation framework at NIST.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RAISE 法案（负责任的人工智能安全与评估法案）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：美国法案在 NIST 建立人工智能安全研究和评估框架。" }, { "title": "National Security Memorandum on Artificial Intelligence (NSM on AI, Oct 24, 2024)", "url": "https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/10/24/memorandum-on-advancing-the-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence-harnessing-artificial-intelligence-to-fulfill-national-security-objectives-and-fostering-the-safety-security/", "description": "AI law in United States: On October 24, 2024 the U.S. President issued the first National Security Memorandum (NSM-25) on Artificial Intelligence, directing a whole-of-government approach to preserve U.S. leadership in AI, to harness AI for national security with safeguards, and to advance international governance. The NSM establishes an AI Framework for National Security that sets prohibited and high‑impact categories, requires agency governance structures, inventories, risk management practices, cybersecurity guidance, and a series of interagency reporting and implementation deadlines....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能国家安全备忘录（NSM on AI，2024 年 10 月 24 日）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：2024 年 10 月 24 日，美国总统发布了第一份关于人工智能的国家安全备忘录 (NSM-25)，指导政府采取整体措施来维护美国在人工智能领域的领导地位，利用人工智能保障国家安全，并推进国际治理。 NSM 建立了国家安全人工智能框架，其中规定了禁止和高影响类别，要求机构治理结构、清单、风险管理实践、网络安全指南以及一系列机构间报告和实施期限……" }, { "title": "Adds to existing law to establish provisions regarding generative artificial intelligence in public education.", "url": "https://sde.idaho.gov/", "description": "AI law in United States: Idaho's new Act establishes a statewide framework for the ethical and safe integration of generative AI in K-12 public education, prioritizing human oversight and student privacy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "增加现有法律，制定有关公共教育中生成人工智能的规定。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：爱达荷州的新法案建立了一个全州范围的框架，将生成式人工智能道德和安全地整合到 K-12 公共教育中，优先考虑人类监督和学生隐私......" }, { "title": "PJM Interconnection, L.L.C., 193 FERC ¶ 61,217 (Dec. 18, 2025) — Co‑Location Order (FERC Order on AI‑driven Data Centers and Co‑location)", "url": "https://www.ferc.gov/news-events/news/ferc-orders-action-co-location-issues-related-data-centers-running-ai", "description": "AI law in United States: FERC orders PJM to set clear tariff rules and new transmission services for AI data centers co‑located with generators.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PJM Interconnection, L.L.C., 193 FERC ¶ 61,217（2025 年 12 月 18 日）— 托管命令（FERC 关于人工智能驱动的数据中心和托管的命令）", "description_zh": "美国的人工智能法：FERC 命令 PJM 为与发电机位于同一地点的人工智能数据中心制定明确的关税规则和新的传输服务。" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 33; Title 47 and Title 63, relative to mental health.", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/Billinfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=SB1580&ga=114", "description": "AI law in United States: Tennessee SB 1580 / HB 1470 prohibits AI systems from being advertised or represented as qualified mental health professionals, with violations incurring a $5,000 civil penalty....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《田纳西州法典注释》第 33 条的法案；第 47 条和第 63 条，与心理健康有关。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：田纳西州 SB 1580 / HB 1470 禁止人工智能系统作为合格的心理健康专业人员进行广告或代表，违规者将受到 5,000 美元的民事处罚......" }, { "title": "DEFIANCE Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1837", "description": "AI law in United States: The DEFIANCE Act of 2025 establishes a federal civil right of action for victims of non-consensual intimate deepfakes, enabling them to seek damages and content removal....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年反抗法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：2025 年《反抗法案》为未经同意的亲密深度伪造行为的受害者确立了联邦民事诉讼权，使他们能够寻求损害赔偿和内容删除……" }, { "title": "Identity Protection Modifications", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0256.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah SB 256 extends defamation law to AI-generated content, requiring notice for claims and granting individuals exclusive consent over their digital identity use....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "身份保护修改", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 SB 256 将诽谤法扩展到人工智能生成的内容，要求发出索赔通知并授予个人对其数字身份使用的排他性同意......" }, { "title": "Take Responsibility for Unlocking the Machine Potential of America’s AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5765", "description": "AI law in United States: A US Senate bill to repeal Biden-era AI regulations and establish a pro-innovation, deregulatory framework for artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "承担起释放美国人工智能法案机器潜力的责任", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：美国参议院法案废除拜登时代的人工智能法规，并建立一个有利于创新、放松监管的人工智能框架。" }, { "title": "S.B. 267 Software in Education Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0267.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah S.B. 267 mandates a study by the State Board of Education on software and digital services in public schools to establish best practices for student learning, safety, and privacy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.B. 267 教育软件修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：Utah S.B. 267 号法案要求州教育委员会对公立学校的软件和数字服务进行一项研究，以建立学生学习、安全和隐私的最佳实践......" }, { "title": "Health Insurance Preauthorization Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/SB0319.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah SB 319 mandates health insurers disclose AI use in preauthorization, ensures human oversight, and sets clear timelines for decisions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "健康保险预授权修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 SB 319 要求健康保险公司在预授权中披露人工智能的使用情况，确保人工监督，并设定明确的决策时间表。" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Chatbots and Minors Act established; enforcement; civil penalties; individual action.", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?261+ful+SB796S2", "description": "AI law in United States: Virginia SB 796 introduces regulations for AI chatbots, mandating age verification for minors and a 'duty of loyalty' for operators to ensure user safety....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "制定《人工智能聊天机器人和未成年人法案》；执行；民事处罚；个人行动。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：弗吉尼亚州 SB 796 引入了针对人工智能聊天机器人的法规，强制要求未成年人进行年龄验证并承担“忠诚义务”。供运营商确保用户安全......" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Regulating artificial intelligence companion chatbots", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5984&Year=2025&Initiative=false", "description": "AI law in United States: Washington SB 5984 regulates AI companion chatbots, mandating transparency, protecting minors from harmful content, and requiring suicide prevention protocols....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管人工智能伴侣聊天机器人", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：华盛顿 SB 5984 规范人工智能伴侣聊天机器人，要求透明度、保护未成年人免受有害内容的侵害，并要求制定自杀预防协议......" }, { "title": "North Carolina State Government Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence Framework", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework", "description": "AI law in United States: The North Carolina AI Framework guides state agencies in the ethical and effective deployment of AI, fostering public trust and ensuring compliance with privacy and civil rights laws....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北卡罗来纳州政府负责任地使用人工智能框架", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：北卡罗来纳州人工智能框架指导各州机构以道德和有效的方式部署人工智能，培养公众信任并确保遵守隐私和民权法……" }, { "title": "North Carolina S747 - Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy and AI Learning Laboratory Program", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2025/S747", "description": "AI law in United States: North Carolina S747 proposes creating an Office of AI Policy and an AI Learning Laboratory to foster responsible AI innovation and address regulatory gaps....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北卡罗来纳州 S747 - 人工智能政策和人工智能学习实验室项目办公室", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：北卡罗来纳州 S747 提议创建人工智能政策办公室和人工智能学习实验室，以促进负责任的人工智能创新并解决监管差距......" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "The Republic Unifying Meritocratic Performance Advancing Machine Intelligence by Eliminating Regulatory Interstate Chaos Across American Industry Act", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence", "description": "AI law in United States: A federal bill to unify US AI regulation, preempt state laws, and ensure national security and ideological neutrality in AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "共和国统一精英绩效通过消除美国工业州际监管混乱来推进机器智能法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：一项联邦法案，旨在统一美国人工智能监管，优先于各州法律，并确保人工智能系统的国家安全和意识形态中立。" }, { "title": "New Mexico HB 182 - Deepfakes in Elections", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Bill_Information?BillCode=HB0182&Year=24", "description": "AI law in United States: New Mexico HB 182 mandates disclaimers for AI-generated materially deceptive media in political ads to prevent voter deception, with penalties for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新墨西哥州 HB 182 - 选举中的 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：新墨西哥州 HB 182 强制要求对人工智能生成的政治广告中具有实质欺骗性的媒体提供免责声明，以防止欺骗选民，并对不合规行为进行处罚......" }, { "title": "Guidance on Algorithmic Discrimination and the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination", "url": "https://www.njoag.gov/attorney-general-platkin-and-division-on-civil-rights-announce-new-guidance-on-algorithmic-discrimination-creation-of-civil-rights-innovation-lab/", "description": "AI law in United States: New Jersey guidance clarifies that the state's anti-discrimination law prohibits algorithmic discrimination in various sectors, holding entities liable for biased AI outcomes....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "算法歧视指南和新泽西州反歧视法", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：新泽西州指南明确该州的反歧视法禁止各个领域的算法歧视，要求实体对有偏见的人工智能结果承担责任……" }, { "title": "An act to amend the election law, in relation to prohibiting the creation and dissemination of synthetic media with intent to unduly influence the outcome of an election (S.8400-A)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S8400A", "description": "AI law in United States: A New York State bill proposes to make the creation and dissemination of deceptive synthetic media to influence an election within 60 days of the election a Class E felony....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订选举法的法案，涉及禁止创建和传播意图不当影响选举结果的合成媒体（S.8400-A）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：纽约州一项法案提议将选举后 60 天内创建和传播欺骗性合成媒体以影响选举定为 E 级重罪……" }, { "title": "New York FY2025 Budget - Deepfakes Provisions (Election Law Amendment)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S8305B", "description": "AI law in United States: New York's FY2025 Budget mandates prominent disclaimers on political deepfakes depicting candidates or officials falsely, enhancing transparency and preventing voter deception....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约 2025 财年预算 - Deepfakes 条款（选举法修正案）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：纽约 2025 财年预算强制要求对虚假描述候选人或官员的政治深度假货做出显着的免责声明，以提高透明度并防止选民被欺骗......" }, { "title": "To enact section 9.89 of the Revised Code to limit further regulation of certain computational systems, require risk management policies for AI-controlled critical infrastructure, and to name this act the Ohio Right to Compute Act.", "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/hb392", "description": "AI law in United States: Ohio's HB 392, the Right to Compute Act, aims to limit regulation on computational systems and mandate AI risk management for critical infrastructure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "颁布修订法典第 9.89 节，限制对某些计算系统的进一步监管，要求对人工智能控制的关键基础设施制定风险管理政策，并将该法案命名为俄亥俄州计算权法案。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：俄亥俄州的 HB 392（计算权法案）旨在限制对计算系统的监管，并强制对关键基础设施进行人工智能风险管理。" }, { "title": "RELATING TO ELECTIONS -- DECEPTIVE AND FRAUDULENT SYNTHETIC MEDIA IN ELECTION COMMUNICATIONS", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText25/SenateText25/S0816.pdf", "description": "AI law in United States: Rhode Island S816 bans deceptive AI media in election communications 90 days before an election, requiring disclosure for synthetic content and enabling civil action....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与选举有关——选举通讯中的欺骗性和欺诈性合成媒体", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：罗德岛州 S816 禁止在选举前 90 天的选举通讯中使用欺骗性人工智能媒体，要求披露合成内容并允许采取民事诉讼......" }, { "title": "Rhode Island HB 5872 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://www.rilegislature.gov/pressrelease.asp?prid=36162", "description": "AI law in United States: Rhode Island HB 5872 regulates deceptive AI-generated deepfakes in election communications, providing civil remedies for candidates harmed by such content....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗德岛州 HB 5872 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：罗德岛州 HB 5872 规范选举通信中由人工智能生成的欺骗性深度造假行为，为受到此类内容伤害的候选人提供民事补救......" }, { "title": "Ohio HB 469 - Declare artificial intelligence systems nonsentient and prohibit legal personhood", "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/hb469", "description": "AI law in United States: Ohio HB 469 proposes to declare AI systems nonsentient and prohibit their legal personhood, assigning liability for AI-caused harm to human owners, users, developers, or manufacturers....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄亥俄州 HB 469 - 宣布人工智能系统无知觉并禁止法人资格", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：俄亥俄州HB 469提议宣布人工智能系统无知觉并禁止其法人资格，将人工智能造成的伤害归咎于人类所有者、用户、开发者或制造商……" }, { "title": "Relating to the use of artificial intelligence in campaign communications; creating new provisions; amending ORS 260.345; and declaring an emergency. (Oregon Senate Bill 1571)", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/SB1571/Enrolled", "description": "AI law in United States: Oregon SB 1571 requires disclosure for synthetic media in campaign communications and imposes civil penalties for non-compliance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与在竞选传播中使用人工智能有关；制定新的规定；修订 ORS 260.345；并宣布紧急状态。 （俄勒冈州参议院法案 1571）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：俄勒冈州 SB 1571 要求在竞选通讯中披露合成媒体，并对违规行为处以民事处罚。" }, { "title": "Oregon SB 1571 - Synthetic Media in Elections", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Measures/Overview/SB1571", "description": "AI law in United States: Oregon SB 1571 mandates disclosure for AI-generated synthetic media in campaign communications, empowering state officials to enforce transparency and penalize violations....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄勒冈州 SB 1571 - 选举中的合成媒体", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：俄勒冈州 SB 1571 要求在竞选传播中披露人工智能生成的合成媒体，授权州官员加强透明度并惩罚违规行为……" }, { "title": "Ohio SB 217 - AI-generated products watermark requirements and identity fraud", "url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/135/sb217", "description": "AI law in United States: Ohio SB 217 mandates watermarks on AI-generated products, expands identity fraud laws to include AI persona replication, and criminalizes AI-simulated obscene material....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄亥俄州 SB 217 - AI 生成的产品水印要求和身份欺诈", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：俄亥俄州 SB 217 强制要求在人工智能生成的产品上添加水印，扩大身份欺诈法以包括人工智能角色复制，并将人工智能模拟的淫秽材料定为犯罪……" }, { "title": "Relating to the unlawful production or distribution of sexually explicit videos using deep fake technology; creating a criminal offense.", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=SB1361", "description": "AI law in United States: Texas SB 1361 (2023) criminalizes the non-consensual creation or distribution of sexually explicit deepfake videos, effective September 1, 2023.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "涉及利用深度造假技术非法制作或传播露骨色情视频的；造成刑事犯罪。", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：德克萨斯州 SB 1361 (2023) 将未经同意创建或传播露骨的深度伪造视频定为犯罪行为，于 2023 年 9 月 1 日生效。" }, { "title": "South Dakota HB 1074 - Deepfakes in Elections", "url": "https://mylrc.sd.gov/bill.aspx?Type=SB&Bill=164&Session=2025", "description": "AI law in United States: South Dakota's 2025 law bans undisclosed AI-generated deepfakes in elections within 90 days of an election, imposing civil and criminal penalties.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "南达科他州 HB 1074 - 选举中的 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：南达科他州 2025 年法律禁止在选举后 90 天内在选举中使用未公开的人工智能生成的深度造假，并处以民事和刑事处罚。" }, { "title": "South Dakota SB 164 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/#/Session/Bill/26046", "description": "AI law in United States: South Dakota SB 164 prohibits undisclosed deepfakes in elections, imposing penalties for malicious use and requiring transparency to protect electoral integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "南达科他州 SB 164 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：南达科他州 SB 164 禁止选举中未公开的深度造假，对恶意使用进行处罚，并要求透明度以保护选举的完整性......" }, { "title": "New York Senate Bill S5959 - Deepfakes in Elections", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=S05959&term=2019", "description": "AI law in United States: New York S5959D establishes a post-mortem right of publicity and a private right of action against the unlawful dissemination of sexually explicit deepfakes....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 S5959 - 选举中的 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：纽约 S5959D 规定了针对非法传播露骨色情深度假货的事后公开权和私人诉讼权......" }, { "title": "Tennessee ELVIS Act - Ensuring Likeness Voice and Image Security", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=HB2091&ga=113", "description": "AI law in United States: The Tennessee ELVIS Act expands the state's Personal Rights Protection Act to explicitly include an individual's voice as a protected property right, safeguarding against unauthorized AI-generated deepfakes and voice clones....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "田纳西州 ELVIS 法案 - 确保相似语音和图像安全", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：田纳西州 ELVIS 法案扩展了该州的个人权利保护法，明确将个人声音纳入受保护的财产权，防止未经授权的人工智能生成的深度伪造品和声音克隆......" }, { "title": "Texas SB 751 - Deepfakes in Elections", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/86R/billtext/html/SB00751F.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Texas SB 751 criminalizes the creation and distribution of deepfake videos intended to deceive voters and influence election results within 30 days of an election....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 SB 751 - 选举中的 Deepfakes", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：德克萨斯州 SB 751 将制作和传播旨在欺骗选民并在选举后 30 天内影响选举结果的深度伪造视频定为刑事犯罪……" }, { "title": "Texas HB 2060 - Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB02060E.htm", "description": "AI law in United States: Texas HB 2060 established an Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council to study and monitor AI systems in state agencies, assess ethics, and review automated decision systems....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 HB 2060 - 人工智能咨询委员会", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：德克萨斯州 HB 2060 成立了人工智能咨询委员会，负责研究和监控国家机构中的人工智能系统、评估道德规范并审查自动决策系统……" }, { "title": "An act relating to creating oversight and liability standards for developers and deployers of inherently dangerous artificial intelligence systems", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/bill/status/2024/H.711", "description": "AI law in United States: Vermont H.711 seeks to establish oversight and liability standards for developers and deployers of inherently dangerous AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与为具有固有危险的人工智能系统的开发者和部署者制定监督和责任标准有关的法案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佛蒙特州 H.711 旨在为本质上危险的人工智能系统的开发者和部署者建立监督和责任标准。" }, { "title": "Utah SB 226 - Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/SB0226.html", "description": "AI law in United States: Utah SB 226 regulates generative AI in consumer transactions, mandating disclosures, establishing liability, and empowering the Division of Consumer Protection for enforcement....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 SB 226 - 人工智能消费者保护修正案", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：犹他州 SB 226 规范消费者交易中的生成式人工智能、强制披露、确定责任并授权消费者保护部门执行......" }, { "title": "Vermont Act 89 - AI in Insurance", "url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/press-release/dfr-issues-comprehensive-bulletin-use-ai-systems-business-insurance", "description": "AI law in United States: The Vermont DFR's Bulletin No. 229 guides insurers on AI use, adopting the NAIC Model and applying existing state laws to ensure fairness, transparency, and consumer protection....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州法案 89 - 保险业的人工智能", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：佛蒙特州 DFR 第 229 号公告指导保险公司使用人工智能，采用 NAIC 模型并应用现有的州法律，以确保公平、透明和消费者保护......" }, { "title": "Wisconsin Act 123 (formerly AB 664) - Deepfakes Regulation in Political Advertisements", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2023/proposals/reg/asm/bill/ab664", "description": "AI law in United States: Wisconsin Act 123 mandates clear disclosures for AI-generated deepfakes in political advertisements, enforced by the Wisconsin Ethics Commission with penalties up to $1,000....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威斯康星州法案 123（原 AB 664）——政治广告中的 Deepfakes 监管", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：威斯康星州第 123 号法案要求明确披露政治广告中人工智能生成的深度造假行为，由威斯康星州道德委员会强制执行，最高可处以 1,000 美元的罚款……" }, { "title": "Concerning algorithmic discrimination", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5838&Year=2023&Initiative=false", "description": "AI law in United States: HB 1954 combats algorithmic discrimination in Washington State by mandating transparency, accountability, and impact assessments for automated decision systems....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于算法歧视", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：HB 1954 通过强制自动化决策系统的透明度、问责制和影响评估来打击华盛顿州的算法歧视......" }, { "title": "Virginia Commission on Artificial Intelligence (established by SB 487, 2024 Session)", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+ful+SB621ER", "description": "AI law in United States: The Virginia Commission on Artificial Intelligence, established by SB 487 (2024), is an advisory body tasked with studying AI's impact on the workforce, preventing discrimination, and developing ethical principles for AI use in the Commonwealth....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚人工智能委员会（由 SB 487 2024 年会议设立）", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：弗吉尼亚人工智能委员会由 SB 487 (2024) 设立，是一个咨询机构，负责研究人工智能对劳动力的影响、防止歧视以及制定联邦人工智能使用的道德原则……" }, { "title": "Washington SB 5152 - Deepfakes Regulation", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5152&Year=2023", "description": "AI law in United States: Washington SB 5152 regulates the use of synthetic media (deepfakes) in political campaigns, mandating clear disclosure for manipulated content and providing a private cause of action for violations....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "华盛顿 SB 5152 - Deepfakes 法规", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：华盛顿 SB 5152 规范政治竞选中合成媒体（深度伪造）的使用，要求明确披露受操纵的内容，并为违规行为提供私人诉讼理由......" }, { "title": "West Virginia HB 5690 - AI Task Force", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/Bills_history.cfm?input=5690&year=2024&sessiontype=RS", "description": "AI law in United States: West Virginia HB 5690 establishes an AI Task Force to define AI, develop public sector best practices, protect individual rights, and assess workforce impact, with a report due by December 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "西弗吉尼亚州 HB 5690 - 人工智能工作组", "description_zh": "美国人工智能法：西弗吉尼亚州 HB 5690 设立人工智能工作组来定义人工智能、制定公共部门最佳实践、保护个人权利并评估劳动力影响，报告将于 2024 年 12 月提交......" }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Winning the Race: America's AI Action Plan 2025", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Americas-AI-Action-Plan.pdf", "description": "Encourages AI innovation by removing regulations, revising funding based on states' AI climate, and reviewing FTC actions. Promotes free speech in AI systems, revises procurement guidelines, and evaluates international AI models. Supports open-source AI use, workforce retraining, and safeguards against deepfakes. Advances AI infrastructure development, cybersecurity, international diplomacy, and semiconductor manufacturing. Prioritizes AI R&D, interpretability, evaluations, national security assessments, and biosecurity measures.", "categories": [ "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "赢得比赛：美国 2025 年人工智能行动计划", "description_zh": "通过取消法规、根据各州的人工智能环境修改资金以及审查联邦贸易委员会的行动来鼓励人工智能创新。促进人工智能系统中的言论自由，修订采购指南并评估国际人工智能模型。支持开源人工智能的使用、劳动力再培训和防范深度造假。推进人工智能基础设施开发、网络安全、国际外交和半导体制造。优先考虑人工智能研发、可解释性、评估、国家安全评估和生物安全措施。" }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "H.R. 3447 Chip Security Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3447", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Commerce to mandate chip security mechanisms for location verification before exporting integrated circuit products. Obligates reporting of tampering or diversion. Mandates the assessment and development of additional security mechanisms, considering national security and export compliance objectives.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "H.R. 3447 芯片安全法", "description_zh": "要求商务部长在出口集成电路产品之前强制采用芯片安全机制进行位置验证。有义务报告篡改或转移行为。考虑国家安全和出口合规目标，授权评估和制定额外的安全机制。" }, { "date": "2025-05-09", "title": "Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Part 3: Generative AI Training Report Pre-Publication Version 2025", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-3-Generative-AI-Training-Report-Pre-Publication-Version.pdf", "description": "Recommends allowing AI licensing markets to develop without government intervention; concludes that voluntary market-based solutions are preferable to compulsory licensing. Suggests considering extended collective licensing (ECL) for unworkable sectors.", "categories": [ "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "版权与人工智能第 3 部分：生成式 AI 培训报告预发布版本 2025", "description_zh": "建议允许人工智能许可市场在没有政府干预的情况下发展；得出的结论是，基于市场的自愿解决方案优于强制许可。建议考虑对不可行的部门延长集体许可（ECL）。" }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "PATHS Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1692", "description": "Extends the Department of Homeland Security's authority to use transaction mechanisms involving AI technology until 2028, requiring notification and briefing to congressional committees. Reduces the contract award threshold from $4,000,000 to $1,000,000.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "路径法", "description_zh": "将国土安全部使用涉及人工智能技术的交易机制的权力延长至 2028 年，并要求向国会委员会发出通知和简报。将合同授予门槛从 4,000,000 美元降低至 1,000,000 美元。" }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/993", "description": "Requires DHS to submit a plan for using emerging technologies, potentially incorporating AI, to enhance border security. Authorizes CBP Innovation Teams to research and adapt technologies. Mandates assessments of technology impact and coordination with the Science and Technology Directorate.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "新兴创新边境技术法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部提交一份使用新兴技术（可能包含人工智能）来增强边境安全的计划。授权 CBP 创新团队研究和调整技术。授权评估技术影响以及与科学技术局的协调。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "DOGE Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10177/text", "description": "Requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to report on AI feasibility for identifying duplicative or fraudulent federal grant applications. Prohibits awarding grants based on such applications and establishes tracking systems for federal grant applications.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总督法案", "description_zh": "要求管理和预算办公室主任报告人工智能识别重复或欺诈性联邦拨款申请的可行性。禁止根据此类申请授予补助金，并建立联邦补助金申请的跟踪系统。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "TRAIN Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5379/text", "description": "Creates an administrative subpoena process for copyright owners to request disclosure of records from AI developers, identifying copyrighted works used in AI training. Permits legal action if AI developers fail to comply, establishing a rebuttable presumption of infringement.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "火车法", "description_zh": "为版权所有者创建行政传票流程，要求人工智能开发人员披露记录，识别人工智能培训中使用的受版权保护的作品。如果人工智能开发者不遵守规定，允许采取法律行动，建立可反驳的侵权推定。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Advanced Weather Model Computing Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3642", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Energy and NOAA Administrator to conduct collaborative research using AI and advanced computing to improve weather models. Establishes initiatives and potential centers of excellence, promoting data sharing and workforce development.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高级天气模型计算发展法案", "description_zh": "指示能源部长和 NOAA 管理员利用人工智能和先进计算进行合作研究，以改进天气模型。建立举措和潜在的卓越中心，促进数据共享和劳动力发展。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "FAIRR Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3554", "description": "Amends the Financial Stability Act to require the Financial Stability Oversight Council to assess AI risks in financial systems, identify regulatory gaps, and recommend improvements. Enhances oversight of AI service providers, imposes treble penalties for machine-manipulated media, and establishes liability for AI deployment.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "公平法案", "description_zh": "修订《金融稳定法》，要求金融稳定监督委员会评估金融系统中的人工智能风险，找出监管差距并提出改进建议。加强对人工智能服务提供商的监管，对机器操纵媒体处以三倍处罚，并确定人工智能部署的责任。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "ASK Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1626", "description": "Directs the FCC, in consultation with the FTC, to issue rules prohibiting the offer of artificial intelligence products to minors without parental consent.", "categories": [ "Applications: Consumer goods", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "询问法案", "description_zh": "指示 FCC 与 FTC 协商后发布规则，禁止在未经父母同意的情况下向未成年人提供人工智能产品。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "QUIET Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7123", "description": "Directs Congress to amend the Communications Act of 1934 to require disclosure of the use of artificial intelligence in voice call or text message impersonations.", "categories": [ "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安静法案", "description_zh": "指示国会修改 1934 年《通信法》，要求披露在语音通话或短信模仿中使用人工智能的情况。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "MEANS Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/774", "description": "Establishes the Office of Manufacturing Security and Resilience to enhance supply chain resilience, focusing on critical goods. Supports domestic manufacturing, reduces reliance on concerning countries, and incentivizes relocation of facilities. Provides loans, loan guarantees, and sets criteria for eligible entities.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "手段法案", "description_zh": "建立制造安全和弹性办公室，以增强供应链弹性，重点关注关键商品。支持国内制造业，减少对有关国家的依赖，并鼓励设施搬迁。提供贷款、贷款担保，并为符合条件的实体设定标准。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Digital Defense Content Provenance Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2222", "description": "Requires the DMA Director to establish a DINFOS course on digital content provenance within one year. Mandates coverage of forgery challenges and authentication standards. Obligates a pilot program with an interim report by January 1, 2026, ending January 1, 2027. Defines key terms.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年数字防御内容来源法案", "description_zh": "要求 DMA 总监在一年内开设有关数字内容来源的 DINFOS 课程。强制涵盖伪造挑战和认证标准。要求试点计划在 2026 年 1 月 1 日之前提交中期报告，并于 2027 年 1 月 1 日结束。定义了关键术语。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7832", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop a plan for identifying, integrating, and deploying advanced technologies, including AI, to enhance border security. Involves privacy impact assessments, CBP Innovation Teams, and collaboration with private and public sectors.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新兴创新边境技术法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长制定一项计划，识别、整合和部署包括人工智能在内的先进技术，以加强边境安全。涉及隐私影响评估、CBP 创新团队以及与私营和公共部门的合作。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "AI PLAN Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7781", "description": "Requires the Secretaries of the Treasury, Homeland Security, and Commerce to submit an annual report to Congress on the risks of use of AI in the commission of financial crimes.", "categories": [ "Applications: Finance and investment", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能计划法", "description_zh": "要求财政部长、国土安全部部长和商务部部长向国会提交关于使用人工智能实施金融犯罪的风险的年度报告。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Preparing Election Administrators for AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3897", "description": "Requires the Election Assistance Commission to develop voluntary guidelines addressing AI use and risks in elections, emphasizing AI's role in election disinformation. Directs a study on AI's impact in the 2024 elections, with findings used to update guidelines.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "让选举管理人员为人工智能法案做好准备", "description_zh": "要求选举援助委员会制定自愿准则，解决选举中人工智能的使用和风险，强调人工智能在选举虚假信息中的作用。指导一项关于人工智能对 2024 年选举影响的研究，并将研究结果用于更新指导方针。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "AI Grand Challenges Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4236/text", "description": "Establishes the AI Grand Challenges Program to award competitive prizes for AI research in sectors like health and cybersecurity, requiring public input, setting eligibility criteria, and mandating reports on winning submissions.", "categories": [ "Incentives: Subsidies", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能大挑战法案", "description_zh": "设立人工智能大挑战计划，为健康和网络安全等领域的人工智能研究颁发竞争性奖项，要求公众意见、设定资格标准，并强制要求对获奖作品提交报告。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "AI Transparency in Elections Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8668", "description": "Mandates disclaimers on political ads containing AI-generated content, establishes penalties for non-compliance, and requires the Federal Election Commission to issue regulations and periodic reports on enforcement and compliance.", "categories": [ "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能选举透明度法案", "description_zh": "强制要求对包含人工智能生成内容的政治广告提供免责声明，规定对违规行为的处罚，并要求联邦选举委员会发布有关执行和合规的法规和定期报告。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "PATHS Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9459", "description": "Extends the authority for AI-related transactions under the Homeland Security Act to 2027. Requires notification and briefing to Congress within 72 hours of using AI transaction authority. Reduces covered contract award amounts from $4,000,000 to $1,000,000.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "路径法", "description_zh": "将《国土安全法》下人工智能相关交易的权限延长至 2027 年。要求在使用人工智能交易权限后 72 小时内向国会发出通知和简报。将承保合同授予金额从 4,000,000 美元减少到 1,000,000 美元。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Secure Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9737", "description": "Establishes a voluntary database to track and process identified AI security and safety incidents and risks, and requires the facilitation of research to develop new and evaluate existing safety guidelines and processes.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年安全人工智能法案", "description_zh": "建立一个自愿数据库来跟踪和处理已识别的人工智能安全事件和风险，并要求促进研究以制定新的和评估现有的安全指南和流程。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Modernizing Data Practices to Improve Government Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5109", "description": "Extends the Chief Data Officer Council's authority to improve federal data governance. Enables agencies to securely adopt AI by appointing Chief AI Officers and mandating reports on data governance best practices, AI use cases, and synthetic data security.", "categories": [], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "实现数据实践现代化以改进政府行为", "description_zh": "扩大首席数据官委员会改善联邦数据治理的权力。通过任命首席人工智能官并强制提交有关数据治理最佳实践、人工智能用例和合成数据安全性的报告，使机构能够安全地采用人工智能。" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Investing in Tomorrow's Workforce Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5350", "description": "Allocates $40 million annually for dislocated worker grants aimed at training workers displaced by automation. Prioritizes partnerships in high-risk areas. Mandates outcome reports.", "categories": [ "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Financial loss", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年投资未来劳动力法案", "description_zh": "每年拨款 4000 万美元用于失业工人补助金，旨在培训因自动化而失业的工人。优先考虑高风险领域的合作伙伴关系。授权结果报告。" }, { "date": "2024-10-24", "title": "Common Intelligence Community Interim Guidance Regarding the Acquisition and Use of Foundation AI Models", "url": "https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/documenttools/4bdb5f4804e797e6/6fe2f6c0-full.pdf?ref=forever-wars.com", "description": "Provides guidance for the Intelligence Community on acquiring, modifying, and using foundation AI models while ensuring compliance with Attorney General guidelines. Requires lawful acquisition, safeguards for U.S. person information, and regular reviews to address privacy implications.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通用情报界关于基础人工智能模型的获取和使用的临时指南", "description_zh": "为情报界提供有关获取、修改和使用基础人工智能模型的指导，同时确保遵守司法部长的指导方针。需要合法获取、保护美国人的信息并定期审查以解决隐私问题。" }, { "date": "2024-07-31", "title": "Copyright and Artificial Intelligence Part 1: Digital Replicas July 2024", "url": "https://www.copyright.gov/ai/Copyright-and-Artificial-Intelligence-Part-1-Digital-Replicas-Report.pdf", "description": "Recommends Congress establish a federal right to protect individuals from unauthorized digital replicas, make the right licensable but not assignable with civil remedies, apply secondary liability with conditioned safe harbor for OSPs, include First Amendment accommodations, avoid full preemption of state publicity rights, and rely on the Copyright Office as a resource for Congress and other branches in considering these recommendations and future developments", "categories": [ "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "版权与人工智能第 1 部分：数字复制品 2024 年 7 月", "description_zh": "建议国会建立一项联邦权利，保护个人免受未经授权的数字复制品的侵害，使该权利可许可但不可通过民事救济转让，对 OSP 施加有条件安全港的次要责任，包括第一修正案的调整，避免完全抢占国家宣传权，并依靠版权局作为国会和其他部门考虑这些建议和未来发展的资源" }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "NSTC/OSTP Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Nucleic-Acid_Synthesis_Screening_Framework.pdf", "description": "Requires providers and manufacturers to implement screening for synthetic nucleic acids and equipment, identify sequences of concern, verify customer legitimacy, report suspicious orders, retain records, and enhance cybersecurity. Mandates adherence for federally funded research, with updates based on technological advances.", "categories": [], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NSTC/OSTP 核酸合成筛选框架", "description_zh": "要求供应商和制造商对合成核酸和设备进行筛查，识别关注序列，验证客户合法性，报告可疑订单，保留记录并增强网络安全。要求遵守联邦政府资助的研究，并根据技术进步进行更新。" }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "USDA Framework for State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Use of Artificial Intelligence for Public Benefit Administration", "url": "https://www.fns.usda.gov/framework-artificial-intelligence-public-benefit", "description": "Requires USDA to guide state, local, tribal, and territorial agencies on AI use in nutrition benefits, ensuring accessibility, compliance with merit systems, notification to USDA, human review options, auditability, and equitable outcomes. Encourages responsible AI innovation while protecting rights and safety.", "categories": [], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国农业部关于州、地方、部落和地区使用人工智能进行公共福利管理的框架", "description_zh": "要求美国农业部就人工智能在营养益处中的应用向州、地方、部落和地区机构提供指导，确保可及性、遵守绩效制度、向美国农业部发出通知、人工审查选项、可审计性和公平结果。鼓励负责任的人工智能创新，同时保护权利和安全。" }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "Guidance on Application of the Fair Housing Act to the Advertising of Housing, Credit, and Other Real Estate-Related Transactions through Digital Platforms", "url": "https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/FHEO/documents/FHEO_Guidance_on_Advertising_through_Digital_Platforms.pdf", "description": "Prohibits discriminatory use of AI in housing-related ads under the Fair Housing Act. Addresses potential violations via audience targeting, custom audiences, and algorithmic delivery. Recommends advertisers and platforms audit practices, avoid proxies for protected characteristics, and ensure equitable ad delivery.", "categories": [], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于将《公平住房法》应用于通过数字平台进行住房、信贷和其他房地产相关交易广告的指南", "description_zh": "根据《公平住房法》，禁止在住房相关广告中歧视性地使用人工智能。通过受众定位、自定义受众和算法交付来解决潜在的违规行为。建议广告商和平台审核做法，避免使用受保护特征的代理，并确保公平的广告投放。" }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Framework to Mitigate AI-Enabled Extreme Risks", "url": "https://www.king.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/bipartisan_ai_framework_letter.pdf", "description": "Establishes a framework for federal oversight of frontier AI models to mitigate extreme risks. Proposes potential oversight entities and mandates expert involvement to address biosecurity, chemical, cybersecurity, and nuclear threats.", "categories": [ "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Security", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "减轻人工智能引发的极端风险的框架", "description_zh": "建立联邦对前沿人工智能模型的监督框架，以减轻极端风险。提议潜在的监督实体并要求专家参与解决生物安全、化学、网络安全和核威胁。" }, { "date": "2024-02-27", "title": "Pay Flexibility, Incentive Pay, and Leave and Workforce Flexibility Programs for Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI-enabling, and Other Key Technical Employees (OPM)", "url": "https://chcoc.gov/sites/default/files/Memo%20on%20Pay%20Leave%20Workforce%20Flexibilities%20for%20AI%20AI%20Enabling%20and%20Other%20Technical%20Talent.pdf", "description": "Allows agencies to use various pay and workforce flexibilities to recruit and retain AI talent without OPM approval. Permits recruitment, relocation, and retention incentives, superior qualifications pay, and alternative work schedules. Authorizes telework, remote work, and student loan repayment.", "categories": [], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对人工智能 (AI)、人工智能支持和其他关键技术员工 (OPM) 的薪酬灵活性、激励性薪酬以及休假和劳动力灵活性计划", "description_zh": "允许机构利用各种薪酬和劳动力灵活性来招聘和留住人工智能人才，而无需 OPM 批准。允许招聘、调动和保留激励、高级资格工资和替代工作时间表。授权远程办公、远程工作和学生贷款偿还。" }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "Government-wide Hiring Authorities for Advancing Federal Government\nUse of Artificial Intelligence (AI)", "url": "https://chcoc.gov/content/government-wide-hiring-authorities-advancing-federal-government-use-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Authorizes government-wide direct hire authority for AI-related roles to enhance federal AI capabilities, effective until December 31, 2028. Allows temporary excepted service appointments for implementing AI directives under Executive Order 14110. Requires quarterly reporting of hires made under this authority.", "categories": [], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府范围内的招聘机构促进联邦政府发展\n人工智能 (AI) 的使用", "description_zh": "授权政府范围内的人工智能相关职位的直接雇用权限，以增强联邦人工智能能力，有效期至 2028 年 12 月 31 日。允许临时例外服务任命，以根据第 14110 号行政命令执行人工智能指令。要求每季度报告根据该权限进行的雇用。" }, { "date": "2023-07-28", "title": "Creating Resources for Every American To Experiment with Artificial Intelligence Act of 2023", "url": "https://congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5077", "description": "Establishes the National AI Research Resource to provide computational resources, data, educational tools, and testbeds for AI researchers.", "categories": [ "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on planning ability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为每个美国人创造实验人工智能的资源 2023 年法案", "description_zh": "建立国家人工智能研究资源，为人工智能研究人员提供计算资源、数据、教育工具和测试平台。" }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "Copyright Registration Guidance: Works Containing Material Generated by Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/03/16/2023-05321/copyright-registration-guidance-works-containing-material-generated-by-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Clarifies that content generated by artificial intelligence without significant creative contribution from a human is ineligible for U.S. copyright protection.", "categories": [ "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "版权登记指南：含有人工智能生成材料的作品", "description_zh": "澄清人工智能生成的内容没有人类重大创造性贡献，没有资格获得美国版权保护。" }, { "date": "2022-08-17", "title": "Limited Applicability of Consumer Financial Protection Act's “Time or Space” Exception With Respect to Digital Marketing Providers", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/08/17/2022-17699/limited-applicability-of-consumer-financial-protection-acts-time-or-space-exception-with-respect-to", "description": "Clarifies Section 1002 of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010's definition of \"service provider\" to include digital marketing providers that use algorithmic models or other analytics to commingle the targeting and delivery of advertisements to consumers.", "categories": [ "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Harms: Financial loss", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "消费者金融保护法的“时间或空间”例外对数字营销提供商的有限适用", "description_zh": "澄清了 2010 年《消费者金融保护法》第 1002 条对“服务提供商”的定义，包括使用算法模型或其他分析将广告定位和向消费者投放相结合的数字营销提供商。" }, { "date": "9 April 2026", "title": "Martinez v. OpenAI", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com", "description": "Class action complaint alleging harm from AI-generated hallucinated medical advice. Plaintiff alleges reliance on ChatGPT output for health decisions.", "categories": [ "Health & Life Sciences", "Consumer Protection", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马丁内斯诉 OpenAI", "description_zh": "集体诉讼指控人工智能生成的幻觉医疗建议造成伤害。原告声称健康决策依赖 ChatGPT 输出。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Central District of California", "party": "Martinez v. OpenAI", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT" }, { "date": "8 April 2026", "title": "In re: AI-Assisted Filing Sanctions", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com", "description": "Court imposes sanctions on attorney for submitting AI-generated brief containing multiple fabricated case citations, establishing new precedent for AI use in federal court filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于：人工智能辅助归档制裁", "description_zh": "法院对提交人工智能生成的包含多个伪造案例引文的摘要的律师实施制裁，为联邦法院文件中使用人工智能建立了新的先例。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "party": "In re: AI-Assisted Filing Sanctions", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "Doe v. Meta Platforms, Inc.", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com", "description": "Federal court filing alleging reliance on AI-generated legal research containing fabricated citations in a consumer protection action against Meta Platforms.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国能源部诉 Meta Platforms, Inc.", "description_zh": "联邦法院提交的文件指控，在针对元平台的消费者保护诉讼中，依赖人工智能生成的法律研究，其中包含捏造的引文。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "party": "Doe v. Meta Platforms, Inc.", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT" }, { "date": "5 April 2026", "title": "Thompson v. State of Texas", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com", "description": "Defendant appeals conviction arguing defense counsel relied on AI-generated case law that was subsequently found to be fabricated. Court orders new trial.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "汤普森诉德克萨斯州", "description_zh": "被告提出上诉，辩称辩护律师依赖人工智能生成的判例法，但随后发现该判例法是捏造的。法院下令重新审理。", "court": "Texas Court of Appeals", "party": "Thompson v. State of Texas", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT" }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "Johnson v. Commonwealth of Virginia", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com", "description": "Virginia appellate court addresses admissibility of AI-generated evidence in criminal proceedings, establishing standards for authentication of AI-assisted legal research.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰逊诉弗吉尼亚联邦", "description_zh": "弗吉尼亚州上诉法院解决了刑事诉讼中人工智能生成的证据的可采性问题，建立了人工智能辅助法律研究的认证标准。", "court": "Court of Appeals of Virginia", "party": "Johnson v. Commonwealth", "ai_tool": "Implied" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "United States v. Farris", "url": "/documents/1903/USA_v._Farris_USA_3_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Westlaw CoCounsel in proceedings before the CA 6th Cir.. Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | AI-generated quoted commentary attributed to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1 cmt. n.1 did not appear in the cited commentary; the court could not locate similar language in any authority. Outcome: Counsel disqualified with no compensation for time served; Briefs locked; Bar Referral; Notice of Opinion.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉法里斯", "description_zh": "律师在 CA 第六巡回法院的诉讼中使用 Westlaw Counsel。 捏造：理论工作 | AI 生成的引用评论归因于 U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1 cmt。 n.1 没有出现在引用的评论中；法院未能在任何权威机构中找到类似的措辞。结果：律师被取消资格，且服务时间不予补偿；内裤上锁；酒吧推荐；意见通知。", "court": "CA 6th Cir.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw CoCounsel", "outcome": "Counsel disqualified with no compensation for time served; Briefs locked; Bar Referral; Notice of Opinion", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Stanford v. Leinart", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1929/Stanford_v._Leinart_USA_2_APril_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent opinion \"Anderson v. Hood\" in his brief; the court found the citation fabricated and likely AI-generated and admonished that citation of nonexistent cases is unacceptable. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯坦福诉莱纳特案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人在其摘要中引用了不存在的观点“Anderson v. Hood”；法院认为该引文是捏造的，很可能是人工智能生成的，并告诫说，引用不存在的案件是不可接受的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Kevin D. Turnage v. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1910/Turnage_v._Kennedy_USA_2_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff purports to quote 29 C.F.R. § 1614.110(b) for a 180-day decision requirement, but that language does not appear; court notes the correct provision is likely 29 C.F.R. § 1614.106(e)(2). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "凯文·D·特纳奇 (Kevin D. Turnage) 诉小罗伯特·肯尼迪 (Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称引用了 29 C.F.R. § 1614.110(b) 规定 180 天的决定要求，但该语言并未出现；法院指出，正确的规定可能是 29 C.F.R. § 1614.106(e)(2)。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "Patrick Hrdlichka v. Samantha Bengston", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1894/Hrdlishcka_v._Bengston_USA_1_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited multiple non-existent cases; the court searched Arkansas Reports, S.W. Reporter, and databases and found the authorities were fictitious, relying on these fabricated citations in his arguments. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "帕特里克·赫尔德利奇卡诉萨曼莎·本斯顿", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在阿肯色州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了多个不存在的案件；法院检索了《阿肯色报告》、《S.W.记者和数据库发现，当局在其论点中引用了这些捏造的引文，这些都是虚构的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Arkansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "Saqib Kafeel v. Apple Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1893/Kafeel_v._Apple_USA_1_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply cites a non-existent Ninth Circuit case; court notes the citation does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Saqib Kafeel 诉苹果公司等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|回复引用了一个不存在的第九巡回法院案件；法院指出该引文不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 April 2026", "title": "In the Interest of W.G., Minor Child", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1895/Interest_of_WG_USA_1_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Perplexity in proceedings before the CA Iowa. Misrepresented: Case Law | AI attributed specific propositions of law to a cited case where those propositions did not appear (misattribution of holdings/authority).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为了未成年儿童 W.G. 的利益", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在爱荷华州加利福尼亚州的诉讼中使用了 Perplexity。歪曲事实：判例法|大赦国际将具体的法律命题归因于所引用的案例，但这些命题并未出现（持有/权力的错误分配）。", "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Perplexity", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Syreeta LaShawn McNeal v. Vera L. Calvin, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1908/McNeal_v._Calvin_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited a non-existent opinion titled \"Weniger v. Dynamic Recovery Solutions, LLC\" with a referenced case number and Westlaw citation; the Court found no such case and noted the citation pointed to unrelated authorities. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Syreeta LaShawn McNeal 诉 Vera L. Calvin 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密苏里州。捏造：判例法|原告多次引用了题为“Weniger v. Dynamic Recovery Solutions, LLC”的不存在意见，并附有参考案件编号和 Westlaw 引文；法院没有发现此类案件，并指出该传票指向不相关的当局。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Quandel Construction Group, Inc. v. Hunt Construction Group, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1892/Quandel_v._Hunt_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Hunt cited a nonexistent Aerpio case and incorrect citation (wrong case name/number and Westlaw cite); court identified the correct case as Aerpio Pharms., Inc. v. Quaggin, 2019 WL 4717477 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 26, 2019). Outcome: Order to Explain.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Quandel Construction Group, Inc. 诉 Hunt Construction Group, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.俄亥俄州。捏造：判例法| Hunt 引用了一个不存在的 Aerpio 案件并且引用不正确（错误的案件名称/编号和 Westlaw 引用）；法院认定正确的案件为 Aerpio Pharms., Inc. v. Quaggin, 2019 WL 4717477（俄亥俄州南区，2019 年 9 月 26 日）。结果：命令解释。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Explain", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Ella and Ramin LLC v. Travelers Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1928/ELLA_AND_RAMIN_LLC_Plaintiff_v_TRAVELERS_INSURANCE_COMPANY_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. Illinois. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Harris v. One Hope United, Inc., 28 N.E.3d 804 (Ill. 2015) for the proposition that parent and subsidiary may be treated as a single entity, but the case concerns discovery privilege and does not support that corporate-law proposition (misapplied precede...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "艾拉和拉明有限责任公司诉旅行者保险公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Harris v. One Hope United, Inc., 28 N.E.3d 804 (Ill. 2015) 的主张，认为母公司和子公司可以被视为一个单一实体，但该案涉及发现特权，并不支持该公司法主张（误用先于...", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Zavadovsky v. Republic of Austria, et al.", "url": "/documents/1921/Zavadovsky_v._Austria_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. D.C.. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Thomas v. Patton with a quotation the court found to be fabricated or falsely attributed. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zavadovsky 诉奥地利共和国等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. D.C. 出庭。 虚假引述：判例法 |原告引用了《托马斯诉巴顿案》中的一段引文，法院认为该引文是捏造的或错误的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Staley v. City of Elba, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1911/Staley_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Alabama. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response (doc. 43 at 23) purports to quote and cite 'Kidd v. Mando Am. Corp., 731 F.3d 1196, 1200 (11th Cir. 2013)', which Defendants and the court identify as a non-existent citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯塔利诉厄尔巴市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在阿拉巴马州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告的回应（文档 43，第 23 页）旨在引用并引用“Kidd v. Mando Am”。 Corp., 731 F.3d 1196, 1200 (11th Cir. 2013)'，被告和法院认为该引文不存在。", "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Hampton v. Lofton", "url": "/documents/1912/Hampton_v._Lofton_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arizona (1d). Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Father's opening brief asserted trial-court findings (e.g., Child showed 'persistent hostility toward Father', 'difficulty adjusting to custodial transitions', Father's evidence was 'self-serving', Mother was 'evasive and inconsistent') that do not appear in t...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汉普顿诉洛夫顿案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Arizona 出庭 (1d)。制作：展览和提交|父亲的开场陈述声称审判法庭的调查结果（例如，孩子表现出“对父亲持续的敌意”、“难以适应监护权的过渡”、父亲的证据“自私”、母亲“闪烁其辞且前后矛盾”），但这些结果并没有出现在……", "court": "CA Arizona (1d)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Rushing v. Rushing et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1889/Rushing_v._Rushing_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Minnesotta. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: CA greenlighted dismissal of case for AI misuse.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉欣诉拉欣等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：加州批准驳回人工智能滥用案件。", "court": "CA Minnesotta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "CA greenlighted dismissal of case for AI misuse", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Jaii LeShawn Quinones v. Unknown Love, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1913/Quinones_v._Love_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, 628 F.2d 346\" for the proposition that arbitrary passport restrictions are unconstitutional; the Court found the reporter cite fabricated and the asserted holding incorrect (real case is Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, 532 U.S. 141 (2001), w... Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jaii LeShawn Quinones 诉未知之爱等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密苏里州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用“Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, 628 F.2d 346”来主张任意护照限制是违宪的；法院发现记者所引用的内容是捏造的，所主张的主张不正确（真实案例是 Egelhoff v. Egelhoff, 532 U.S. 141 (2001)，w... 结果：说明原因命令。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Evgeny Yaroshevsky v. Karlin et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1592/Yaroshevsky_v._Karlin_USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Gemini in proceedings before the E.D. New York. Misrepresented: Other | Plaintiff admitted using Google Gemini to obtain citations and failed to verify them before filing, contributing to the submission of fabricated and inaccurate authorities. Outcome: Recommended adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "叶夫根尼·雅罗舍夫斯基诉卡林等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用 Gemini。纽约。误传：其他|原告承认使用 Google Gemini 获取引文，但在提交之前未能对其进行验证，从而导致提交了捏造和不准确的权威信息。结果：推荐不利成本顺序。", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Gemini", "outcome": "Recommended adverse costs order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Christopher A. Ambrose v. Bandy X. Lee", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1914/Ambrose_v._Lee_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Connecticut. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Tyler v. Tyler to argue personal (in-hand) service is required in defamation actions; court found the citation inapposite and noted the misstatement. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯托弗·A·安布罗斯诉班迪·X·李", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|引用泰勒诉泰勒案来论证诽谤诉讼中需要个人（现场）送达；法院认为该引文不恰当，并指出了错误陈述。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Edward C. Allen v. Western Governors University, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1886/Allen_v._Western_Governors_University_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the quote \"both baseless and made without a reasonable and competent inquiry\" to Christian v. Mattel; court found no such quote in that opinion. Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice; Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱德华·艾伦 (Edward C. Allen) 诉西部州长大学 (Western Governors University) 等人案。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将克里斯蒂安诉美泰案中的这句话归结为“毫无根据且未经合理和有力的调查而提出”；法院在该意见中没有发现这样的引述。结果：案件因偏见被驳回；不利成本令。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice; Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Heimkes v. Fairhope Motorcoach Resort Condominium Owners Association, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1890/Heimkes_v._Fairhope_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Cocounsel (Westlaw) in proceedings before the S.D. Alabama. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Relied on Chevron deference as authoritative despite Loper Bright having overruled its application; Court found Eaton misrepresented the status of the law. Outcome: Reprimand; Order to file order in subsequent cases; Bar Referral; Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Heimkes 诉 Fairhope Motorcoach Resort Condominium Owners Association, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用 Cocounsel (Westlaw)。阿拉巴马州。过时的建议：推翻判例法|尽管 Loper Bright 否决了雪佛龙的申请，但仍依赖雪佛龙的尊重作为权威；法院认定伊顿歪曲了法律的地位。结果：谴责；在后续情况下命令提交命令；酒吧推荐；不利成本令。", "court": "S.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Cocounsel (Westlaw)", "outcome": "Reprimand; Order to file order in subsequent cases; Bar Referral; Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "55597", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Rosa Maria Cabrera Thompson v. Seattle Public Schools", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1888/Thompson_v_Seattle_Public_Schools_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent district-court decision as precedent; the court found the docket number cited corresponded to a different case and could not locate the cited authority on the district's docket, and ordered show-cause re sanctions. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗莎·玛丽亚·卡布雷拉·汤普森诉西雅图公立学校", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的地区法院判决作为先例；法院发现引用的案卷编号对应于不同的案件，并且无法在学区的案卷中找到引用的当局，并下令进行有理由的重新制裁。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Federal Trade Commission v. James D. Noland, Jr., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1891/FTC_v._Noland_USA_31_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Individual Defendants’ filings contained hallucinated or otherwise inaccurate case citations (no specific fabricated citations listed in the order). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会诉 James D. Noland, Jr. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|法院观察到个人被告的文件包含幻觉或其他不准确的案件引文（命令中没有列出具体的捏造引文）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Chelsea Montes v. Suns Legacy Partners LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1872/Montes_v._Suns_Legacy_Partners_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Response to motion to dismiss included 'McIntyre v. Phx. Newspapers, Inc.' citation that was fabricated/mis-cited as filed. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order; CLE; Notification.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "切尔西·蒙特斯诉太阳队 Legacy Partners LLC", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|对驳回动议的回应包括“麦金太尔诉 Phx”。报纸公司'提交时捏造/错误引用的引文。结果：不利费用令；语言学习；通知。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; CLE; Notification", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Nguedi v. General Dynamics Information Technology", "url": "/documents/1909/Nguedi_v._AO_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. D.C.. False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a nonexistent quotation to Brady v. Office of Sergeant at Arms; court found the quote does not appear in the decision and the case does not involve the stated proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nguedi 诉通用动力信息技术公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. D.C. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的信息。 虚假引述：判例法 |将不存在的引用归因于布雷迪诉武装士官办公室；法院认为该引述并未出现在判决中，并且本案不涉及所述主张。", "court": "D. D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Ford v. Sherwin-Williams", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1907/Ford_v_Sherwin-Williams_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to 'Clark v. City of Shawnee, Kansas, No. 21-2223-EFM, 2021 WL 4129476 (D. Kan. Sept. 9, 2021)', but the Westlaw number and case number pointed to unrelated authority; court concluded the citation/quotation was fictitious and likely AI-gener... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "福特诉宣威", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告将引文归咎于“Clark v. City of Shawnee, Kansas, No. 21-2223-EFM, 2021 WL 4129476 (D. Kan. Sept. 9, 2021)”，但 Westlaw 编号和案件编号指向不相关的权威机构；法院得出结论，引文/引用是虚构的，很可能是人工智能生成的……结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Shaun Fleck v. Del-One Federal Credit Union", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1884/Fleck_v_Del-One_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'FutureGrowth Corp. v. SEC, 955 F. Supp. 3d 441 (S.D.N.Y. 2025)'; the Court and defendant could not locate the case and the Court found the citation fabricated (Westlaw only showed Fleck's own filing). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shaun Fleck 诉 Del-One 联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“FutureGrowth Corp. v. SEC, 955 F. Supp.”。 3d 441（纽约市南区 2025 年）'；法院和被告无法找到该案件，法院认为引文是捏造的（韦斯特劳只出示了弗莱克自己的文件）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Souza v. City of Fitchburg", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1920/Souza_v._Fichtburg_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Court observed Plaintiff's opposition (ECF No. 8) contained language suggesting use of a generative AI program (text addressing the plaintiff directly and referring to defense counsel), leading the court to warn about AI unreliability in filings. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "苏扎诉菲奇堡市案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。制作：展览和提交|法院观察到原告的反对意见（ECF No. 8）包含建议使用生成人工智能程序的语言（直接针对原告并提及辩护律师的文本），导致法院对文件中的人工智能不可靠性发出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Yves Hector Vimegnon v. Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1879/Vimegnon_v_Gallagher_Bassett_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Abbott v. Washington County,' which the Court could not locate and found to be a non-existent/mis-cited authority; Court warned that fabricated authority may justify sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yves Hector Vimegnon 诉 Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“雅培诉华盛顿县”，但法院无法找到该内容，并发现该权威机构不存在/被错误引用；法院警告说，捏造权力可能会成为制裁的理由。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "76 Route 6 Holdings Inc. v. Town of Yorktown, NY", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1882/76_Route_6_Holdings_Inc_v_Town_of_Yorktown_New_York_et_al_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed McEachin v. McGuinnis contains language applying 'special solicitude' to civil rights plaintiffs; the Court determined McEachin contains no such language and admonished counsel. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "76 Route 6 Holdings Inc. 诉 纽约州约克镇镇", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|原告声称，McEachin 诉 McGuinnis 案中包含对民权原告适用“特别关怀”的措辞；法院认定 McEachin 不包含此类语言，并对律师进行了训诫。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Williams v. Chicago Board Of Education", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1919/Williams_v._Chicago_Board_of_Education_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Illinois. False Quotes: Case Law | Response brief included a non-existent quotation attributed to EEOC v. Univ. of Chicago Hospitals; the court found the case contains no such language and called it a 'totally made-up quotation' possibly from generative AI. Outcome: Order to Explain.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威廉姆斯诉芝加哥教育委员会案", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|回复简报中包含一段不存在的引用，归因于 EEOC 诉 Univ.芝加哥医院；法院发现该案件不包含此类语言，并称其为可能来自生成人工智能的“完全捏造的引文”。结果：命令解释。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Explain", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Megan E. Bryan v. Child Support Enforcement Agency, State of Hawaiʻi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1881/Bryan_v._Hawaii_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Hawaiʻi. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited non-existent 'State v. Burdett' as a 1981 opinion at 63 Haw. 357; the actual case at that citation is State v. Masaniai, 63 Haw. 354, 628 P.2d 1018 (1981), which does not address family court jurisdiction. Court found the citation fabricated and unsupported. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梅根·布莱恩 (Megan E. Bryan) 诉夏威夷州儿童抚养执行机构", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 SC Hawai'i 出庭。捏造：判例法|请愿人在 63 Haw 引用了 1981 年不存在的“State v. Burdett”意见。 357；该传票中的实际案件是 State v. Masaniai, 63 Haw。 354, 628 P.2d 1018 (1981)，未涉及家庭法院管辖权。法院认为该传票是捏造的且没有证据支持。结果：警告。", "court": "SC Hawaiʻi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Edward Reynolds v. Progressive Technologies, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1880/Reynolds_v_Progressive_Technologies_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited multiple district-court decisions to argue that courts routinely strike overlength briefs; the Court found those cited cases either do not exist or are misattributed. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱德华·雷诺兹诉进步技术公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 W.D. 田纳西州法院。捏造：判例法|原告引用了多个地区法院的判决来辩称，法院通常会驳回过长的案情摘要；法院认为这些引用的案例要么不存在，要么被错误归因。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Randel Edward Page, Jr. v. Apperson Crump", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1915/Page_v._Apperson_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on a second nonexistent case citation in his motion for summary reversal; the Court's research confirmed the citation does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小兰德尔·爱德华·佩奇诉阿帕森·克伦普案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Tennessee 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|上诉人在其动议中依赖第二个不存在的案例引用来进行简易撤销；法院的研究证实该引文不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Jacobs v. Payward, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1878/Jacobs_v._Payward_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Connecticut. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"DOE V. SMITH, No. 3:22-cv-01987 (D. Conn. 2023)\", which the Court determined to be a hallucinated (nonexistent) case citation and flagged as undermining the credibility of the filings. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雅各布斯诉Payward, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“DOE V. SMITH，No. 3:22-cv-01987 (D. Conn. 2023)”，法院认定该案为幻觉（不存在）的案例引文，并标记为破坏了文件的可信度。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Beedemariam Kassaw v. Wal-Mart Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1885/Kassaw_v._Walmart_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's January 2026 memorandum/sur-reply (Dkt. 79) included AI-generated 'hallucinated cases'—fabricated case citations; Court found apparent use of AI and ordered Dkt. 79 stricken. Outcome: Brief Struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Beedemariam Kassaw 诉沃尔玛公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. New York 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告 2026 年 1 月的备忘录/补充答复 (Dkt. 79) 包括人工智能生成的“幻觉案例”——捏造的案例引文；法院发现明显使用了人工智能，并下令 Dkt。 79 受灾。结果：短暂击中。", "court": "W.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Danuta Dec v. Homeland Security", "url": "/documents/1870/Danuta_Dec_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the 7th Cir. CA. False Quotes: Case Law | Opening brief included a false quotation (an imaginary quote) attributed in support of the standard of review; court found the quotation was inaccurate and likely AI-generated. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Danuta Dec 诉国土安全部案", "description_zh": "律师出庭第七巡回法庭。加利福尼亚州。虚假引述：判例法|开场简报包含一个虚假引文（虚构的引文），旨在支持审查标准；法院认为该报价不准确，很可能是人工智能生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "7th Cir. CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Nicole Olbera, et al. v. Tiara Sykes", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1876/Nicole_Olbera_et_al_Appellants_v_Tiara_Sykes_Appellee-Plaintiff.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's pro se brief included a citation to a seemingly non-existent case; the court noted the citation appeared to be fabricated and an editor's note removed links to invalid citations in the official opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "妮可·奥尔贝拉等人。诉蒂亚拉·赛克斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述陈述中引用了一个看似不存在的案件；法院指出，该引文似乎是捏造的，并且编辑注释删除了官方意见中无效引文的链接。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "McCarthy v. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration", "url": "/documents/1858/McCarthy_v._DEA_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Third Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | One cited DEA adjudication in the Opening Brief was entirely fabricated (did not exist); discovered when the Court ordered copies of the cited authorities. Outcome: Reprimand; Notification to other courts and the National Disciplinary Data Bank.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦卡锡诉美国缉毒局", "description_zh": "律师在加州第三巡回法院的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。捏造：判例法|开场简报中引用的 DEA 裁决完全是捏造的（并不存在）；当法院下令提供所引用的权威机构的副本时发现的。结果：谴责；通知其他法院和国家纪律数据库。", "court": "CA Third Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Reprimand; Notification to other courts and the National Disciplinary Data Bank", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Patrick C. Shaltry, I v. Brent Benzing, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1924/Shaltry_v._Benzing_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the sentence \"A conviction is not final until the completion of the direct appeal.\" to People v. Swafford; the Court found the quote does not appear in the opinion and noted cited passages contradict the proposition. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Patrick C. Shaltry，我诉 Brent Benzing 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|原告将这句话归因于“在直接上诉完成之前定罪不是最终的”。人民诉斯沃福德；法院认为该引述并未出现在意见中，并指出所引用的段落与该命题相矛盾。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Amtrust North America o/b/o Justin McGinness v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1827/Amtrust_N._Am._O_B_O_Justin_McGinness_v._Liberty_Mut._Ins._Co_USA_27_March_2026.Pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this non-existent Appellate Division case to support the carrier's right to subrogation against UIM benefits; court found it does not appear in the NJ Superior Court Reports. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Adverse Costs; CLE (recommended).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Amtrust North America 撤销/撤销 Justin McGinness 诉 Liberty Mutual Insurance Company", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|律师引用了这个不存在的上诉庭案件来支持承运人对 UIM 福利的代位求偿权；法院发现它没有出现在新泽西州高等法院报告中。结果：金钱制裁；不利成本； CLE（推荐）。", "court": "SC New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Adverse Costs; CLE (recommended)", "monetary_penalty": "9000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Pizzimenti v. City of Detroit, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1877/Pizzimenti_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Opulent Life Church, 697 F.3d 279 in support of fines/Eighth Amendment/retaliation arguments, but the court noted that Opulent Life Church does not involve fines nor those claims and was thus misapplied. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pizzimenti 诉底特律市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Opulent Life Church, 697 F.3d 279 来支持罚款/第八修正案/报复论点，但法院指出，Opulent Life Church 不涉及罚款或这些索赔，因此被误用。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Lauren K. Morgan v. Michael P. Whitticom", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1923/Morgan_v_Whitticom_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Connecticut. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited 'Douchette v. Doucette, 50 Conn. App. 541, 544-45 (1998)' for the proposition that property distributions may be modified; court found the reporter citation corresponds to a different opinion (Glass v. Peter Mitchell Construction Leasing and Development Corp... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "劳伦·K·摩根诉迈克尔·P·惠蒂科姆", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法|被告引用了“Douchette v. Doucette，50 Conn. App”。 541, 544-45 (1998)'关于可以修改财产分配的主张；法院发现记者的引文对应于不同的意见（Glass v. Peter Mitchell Construction Leasing and Development Corp... 结果：警告。", "court": "SC Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2026", "title": "Andrea K. Tantaros v. Fox News Network, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/29/former-fox-commentator-andrea-tantaross-court-filings-contained-inaccurate-citations-court-suspects-ai-hallucinations/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Roe v. Bernabei & Katz, PLLC, 314 F. Supp. 3d 200,209 (D.D.C. 2018)' as analogous authority; Court identified this citation as inaccurate/non-existent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安德里亚·坦塔罗斯 (Andrea K. Tantaros) 诉福克斯新闻网 (Fox News Network, LLC) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Roe v. Bernabei & Katz, PLLC, 314 F. Supp.”。 3d 200,209 (D.D.C. 2018)' 作为类似权威；法院认定该引文不准确/不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "William C. Maxwell v. Dakota Michael & Chelsey Smith", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1840/Maxwell_v._Michael_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Indiana. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff presented 28 quotations attributed to real cases that do not appear in those cited opinions; Plaintiff admitted the quotes were incorrect, calling many 'paraphrases.' Court found this insufficient and included these false quotations in the Rule to Show Cause. Outcome: Referral to Magistrate.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威廉·C·麦克斯韦诉达科塔·迈克尔和切尔西·史密斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.印第安纳州。虚假引述：判例法|原告提出了 28 条来自真实案例的引述，这些引述并未出现在这些引证意见中；原告承认这些引述是不正确的，称许多是“释义”。法院认为这还不够，并将这些虚假引用纳入“说明理由的规则”中。结果：转介给治安法官。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to Magistrate", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Curry v. Capital One Auto Finance", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1918/Curry_v._Capital_One_Finance_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Proposed amended complaint asserted fictitious provisions of a purported North Carolina Identity Theft Protection Act (ITPA); the court identified these statutory provisions as fabricated and tied them to likely AI drafting. Outcome: Leave to amend denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库里诉第一资本汽车金融公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。北卡罗来纳州。捏造：法律规范|拟议的修订投诉声称所谓的《北卡罗来纳州身份盗窃保护法》(ITPA) 中存在虚构条款；法院认定这些法律条款是捏造的，并将其与可能的人工智能起草联系起来。结果：修改请求被拒绝。", "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Leave to amend denied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Baker v. Rastelli Foods LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1922/Baker_v._Rastelli_Foods_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple cases cited by plaintiffs were so inaccurately cited that the Court was unable to locate them and questioned whether they exist. Outcome: Order to provide PDF copies of cited case; Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贝克诉拉斯泰利食品有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用的多起案件引用不准确，以至于法院无法找到这些案件，并质疑它们是否存在。结果：命令提供引用案例的 PDF 副本；命令表明原因。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to provide PDF copies of cited case; Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Anthony Wallace v. PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1841/Wallace_v._Pennymac_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited 'Shapiro v JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 1:13-cv-09764-PGG, 2014 WL 1224546' does not correspond to any case; SDNY docket shows the number not associated with that name. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安东尼·华莱士诉 PennyMac Loan Services, LLC 等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院认为所引用的“Shapiro v JPMorgan Chase & Co., No. 1:13-cv-09764-PGG, 2014 WL 1224546”与任何案件都不对应； SDNY 案卷显示与该名称无关的号码。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "State National Insurance Company, Inc. v. Damon Treadwell, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1916/State_National_v._Dimon_Treadwell_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT; OpenCase in proceedings before the N.D. Alabama. Fabricated: Case Law | Filing attributed a quoted passage to Nishimatsu Construction Co. v. Houston National Bank; the court searched the opinion and other sources and found the quotation does not exist; attorney admitted AI use and lack of diligence. Outcome: Public reprimand; Order Notification.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "State National Insurance Company, Inc. 诉 Damon Treadwell 等人。", "description_zh": "律师使用ChatGPT； OpenCase 已在阿拉巴马州北区法院审理中。捏造：判例法|文件将引用的一段话归咎于西松建设公司诉休斯顿国家银行；法院检索了意见及其他来源，发现该引文不存在；律师承认人工智能的使用和缺乏勤勉。结果：公开谴责；订单通知。", "court": "N.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; OpenCase", "outcome": "Public reprimand; Order Notification", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "The Advocates for Human Rights and L.H.M. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1859/Advocates_for_Human_Rights_v._ICA_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief riddled with misquotations", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人权倡导者和 L.H.M.诉美国国土安全部等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|充满错误引用的简短内容", "court": "D. Minnesota", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Dixon v. MultiCare Health System", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1917/Dixon_v._Multicare_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted this existing case was cited but does not support the proposition for which plaintiff offered it (footnote 10). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Dixon 诉 MultiCare 卫生系统案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|法院指出，该现有案例已被引用，但不支持原告提出的主张（脚注 10）。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Mission Critical Project Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1856/Mission_Critical_Project_Serv._B-424081.2_March_26_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester submitted citations to non-existent decisions; GAO found the citations did not correspond to real authorities and noted hallmarks of AI-generated content. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关键任务项目服务公司", "description_zh": "律师出现在政府问责局面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了不存在的决定；美国政府问责局发现这些引文与真实权威不符，并指出了人工智能生成内容的特征。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Elilton Alves Gouveia v. Meridian Financial Investments", "url": "/documents/1822/Elilton_v._Meridian_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida (4th). Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent and therefore fabricated. Outcome: Warning (and a limerick).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Elilton Alves Gouveia 诉 Meridian Financial Investments 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Florida 出庭（第四次）。捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在，因此是捏造的。结果：警告（和打油诗）。", "court": "CA Florida (4th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning (and a limerick)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Michael A. DeVita v. Midtown Motors, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1835/Devita_v._Midtown_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Alabama. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this authority in his Amended Complaint; the court found it does not appear to exist and treated it as a hallucinated citation. Outcome: Case dismissed without prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Michael A. DeVita 诉 Midtown Motors 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在阿拉巴马州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告在其修改后的起诉书中引用了这一权威；法院认为它似乎不存在，并将其视为幻觉传票。结果：案件在没有偏见的情况下被驳回。", "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed without prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Jared Ashcraft v. First-Citizens Bank and Trust Company, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1927/Jared_Ashcraft_v_First-Citizens_Bank_and_Trust_Company_et_al_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"GN Netcom, Inc. v. Plantronics, Inc., No. 12-cv-1247, 2016 WL 3635771, at *4–5 (D. Del. June 29, 2016)\" but the Court's Westlaw search returned no documents for 2016 WL 3635771; the District of Delaware docket numbers and dates did not match and no opinion ... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jared Ashcraft 诉 First-Citizens Bank and Trust Company 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“GN Netcom, Inc. 诉 Plantronics, Inc.，第 12-cv-1247 号，2016 WL 3635771，at *4–5（D. Del. 2016 年 6 月 29 日）”，但法院的 Westlaw 搜索没有返回 2016 WL 3635771 的任何文件；特拉华州地区的案卷编号和日期不匹配，没有意见……结果：警告。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Fecteau v. Safety National Casualty Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1826/Fecteau_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff quoted non-existent statutory language as if from 50 U.S.C. § 3936, asserting it tolled filing deadlines (the Court found the quoted language does not appear in § 3936).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "费克图诉安全国民伤亡公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：法律规范|原告引用了不存在的法定语言，仿佛来自 50 U.S.C. § 3936，声称它限制了提交截止日期（法院发现引用的语言没有出现在§ 3936中）。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Coomer v. Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1821/Coomer_v._Lindell_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Colorado. Misrepresented: Case Law | Defense counsel misattributed Capital Solutions (695 F. Supp. 2d 1149) as a Tenth Circuit decision; Court explained the citation is to the Federal Supplement (a district-court reporter) and the case was not appealed to the Tenth Circuit. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库默诉 Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (2)", "description_zh": "律师在科罗拉多州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。歪曲事实：判例法|辩护律师将 Capital Solutions (695 F. Supp. 2d 1149) 误认为是第十巡回法院的裁决；法院解释说，传票是向联邦补充报（一名地区法院记者）发出的，该案并未上诉至第十巡回法院。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Hong Chris Lu v. Capital One, N.A., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1830/LU_v._Capital_One_USA_25_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition brief (Doc. 39) contained numerous fabricated cases and troubling citation inconsistencies; opposing counsel identified the fake citations (Doc. 41); plaintiff later apologized and withdrew or corrected the filings (Doc. 47). Outcome: Factor in dismissing the case with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hong Chris Lu 诉第一资本，N.A. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Ohio 出庭。捏造：判例法|反对意见书（Doc. 39）包含大量捏造的案例和令人不安的引文不一致；对方律师发现了虚假传票（Doc. 41）；原告后来道歉并撤回或更正了申请（Doc. 47）。结果：有偏见地驳回案件的因素。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Factor in dismissing the case with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Kevin Lee Biglow v. Dell Technologies Inc.", "url": "/documents/1831/Biglow_v._Dell_USA_24_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Tenth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Burton v. Ghosh, 961 F.3d 1084, 1092 (7th Cir. 2020)'; the court determined the citation does not correspond to that case and is a fabrication. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "凯文·李·比格洛诉戴尔科技公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第十巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|引用“Burton v. Ghosh, 961 F.3d 1084, 1092 (7th Cir. 2020)”；法院认定该传票与该案件不符，纯属捏造。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Segui v. Moniz", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1839/Segui_v._Moniz_USA_24_march_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' counsel cited a nonexistent Arizona appellate decision 'Barker v. Brown & Brown, 210 Ariz. 321, 110 P.3d 1011 (Ct. App. 2005)'; the Court found the citation fabricated, noted the legal proposition was incorrect, and ordered counsel to show cause under Rule 11. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塞吉诉莫尼斯", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一项不存在的亚利桑那州上诉裁决“Barker v. Brown & Brown, 210 Ariz. 321, 110 P.3d 1011 (Ct. App. 2005)”；法院认定传票捏造，指出法律主张不正确，并命令律师根据规则 11“结果：命令说明原因”说明理由。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2026", "title": "Jorge A. Zea v. National Association of REALTORS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1926/Zea_v._National_Association_of_Realtors_USA_24_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. False Quotes: Case Law | Response contains fabricated quotations and paraphrases attributed to real cases across multiple pages; Court found quotations and legal concepts were fake and unreliable. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jorge A. Zea 诉全国房地产经纪人协会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。佛罗里达。虚假引述：判例法|回复包含多页伪造的引述和源自真实案例的释义；法院认为引文和法律概念是虚假且不可靠的。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Jane Doe, et al. v. Lincoln Consolidated Schools, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1828/Doe_v._Lincoln_Consolidated_Schools_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case string \"Doe v. Univ. of Mich., No. 18-11914, 2019 WL 11793988, at *8 (E.D. Mich., Aug. 6, 2019)\"; the Court could not locate the authority, characterized it as an AI‑hallucinated/\"Frankenstein\" citation, and ordered counsel to reimburse ... Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "简·多伊等人。诉林肯联合学校等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例字符串“Doe v. Univ. of Mich., No. 18-11914, 2019 WL 11793988, at *8 (E.D. Mich., Aug. 6, 2019)”；法院无法找到该机构，将其定性为人工智能幻觉/“弗兰肯斯坦”传票，并命令律师偿还……结果：不利费用令。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Nicholas and Barbara Moulder v. Davis School District (on behalf of M.M.)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1836/Moulder_v._Davis_School_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Utah. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing cited a non-existent case as legal authority; court found the case did not exist and counsel admitted failing to verify after using AI. Outcome: CLE; Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼古拉斯和芭芭拉·莫尔德诉戴维斯学区（代表 M.M.）", "description_zh": "律师在犹他州联邦法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告的简报引用了一个不存在的案件作为法律依据；法院认定案件不存在，律师承认使用人工智能后未能核实。结果：CLE；金钱制裁。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1525 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Gregory Hardy v. K. Jones, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1832/Hardy_v._Jones_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase \"reason to believe\" to Berndt v. Tennessee; the court found the Berndt opinion does not contain that language nor address the claimed issue. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "格雷戈里·哈迪 (Gregory Hardy) 诉 K. 琼斯 (K. Jones) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|原告将“有理由相信”一词归因于伯恩特诉田纳西州案；法院认为 Berndt 的意见不包含该语言，也不涉及所主张的问题。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Couvrette v. Wisnovsky", "url": "/documents/1170/Couvrette_v._Wisnoksy_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case in their briefs (one of fifteen such fabricated citations identified across ECF Nos. 142, 155, and 168); the Court stated the cited cases do not exist. Outcome: Briefs struck; Monetary sanction (15.5k); Adverse costs order (94.7k); claims dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库弗雷特诉维斯诺夫斯基", "description_zh": "律师在俄勒冈州的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告在其案情摘要中引用了一个不存在的案例（ECF 第 142、155 和 168 号中发现了 15 个此类捏造的引文之一）；法院表示所引用的案件并不存在。结果：内裤被击中；经济制裁（15.5k）；不利成本订单 (94.7k)；索赔被有偏见地驳回。", "court": "Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Briefs struck; Monetary sanction (15.5k); Adverse costs order (94.7k); claims dismissed with prejudice", "monetary_penalty": "109700 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Stafford v. Andrew Taffet, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1829/Stafford_v._Taffet_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Campbell v. MERS, 2012 WL 3901716, at *5 (D. Or.)'; the court confirmed no such Oregon federal case exists (only an unrelated Texas state decision and the Oregon docket number corresponded to a different case).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯塔福德诉安德鲁·塔菲特等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用“Campbell v. MERS, 2012 WL 3901716, at *5 (D. Or.)”；法院确认不存在此类俄勒冈州联邦案件（只有一项不相关的德克萨斯州判决和俄勒冈州案卷编号对应于另一个案件）。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Dominique Lopez v. Mead Johnson Nutrition Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1768/Lopez_v._Mead_Johnson_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. California. False Quotes: Case Law | Defense counsel attributed a quotation to Becerra v. Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. that the court found did not appear in that opinion; court ordered show-cause for sanctions. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多米尼克·洛佩兹诉美赞臣营养品公司", "description_zh": "律师在加州北区法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|辩护律师引用了 Becerra v. Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. 的引文，但法院认为该引文并未出现在该意见中；法院下令说明制裁理由。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Hessert v. Hessert & Wieland-Pulayya", "url": "/documents/1769/Hessert_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida (6th). Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined five of the cases cited in the petition do not exist and appear to be fabricated; petitioner ordered to provide copies of all cited cases that exist and to show cause. Outcome: Order to show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hessert 诉 Hessert & Wieland-Pulayya", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Florida 出庭（第六次）。捏造：判例法|法院确定请愿书中引用的五个案例不存在并且似乎是捏造的；命令请愿人提供所有引用的现有案件的副本并说明理由。结果：命令显示原因。", "court": "CA Florida (6th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Pamela Blair v. Sanctuary Bluff Homeowners Association, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1770/Blair_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Kentucky. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's appellate briefs contained nine hallucinated citations and persistent misquoting/misinterpretation of precedent; appellant admitted using AI and submitting an incorrect draft; Court struck the brief and required refiling with an AI-free certification. Outcome: Brief struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "帕梅拉·布莱尔 (Pamela Blair) 诉 Sanctuary Bluff Homeowners Association, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Kentucky 的诉讼中使用了 Unidentified。捏造：判例法|上诉人的上诉摘要包含九处幻觉引用和对先例的持续错误引用/误解；上诉人承认使用人工智能并提交了不正确的草稿；法院驳回了这份简报，并要求重新提交一份无人工智能的认证。结果：短暂的打击。", "court": "CA Kentucky", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "State v. Coleman", "url": "/documents/1774/2026-Ohio-965.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ohio CA (11th). Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Application to reopen attributed an inflammatory prosecutor quotation cited to the trial transcript p.559; court found p.559 was the court reporter's signature page and no such quotation existed — the quote was generated by ChatGPT and incorporated into the fi... Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral; Counsel disqualified in this case; Order to notify the judgment in other cases; CLE; Letter of apology.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州诉科尔曼", "description_zh": "律师在俄亥俄州 CA 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT（第 11 次）。制作：展览和提交|重新开庭的申请归因于审判笔录第 559 页中引用的煽动性检察官引述；法院发现第 559 页是法庭记者的签名页，并且不存在这样的引述——该引述是由 ChatGPT 生成并纳入到文件中的。 结果：货币制裁；酒吧推荐；律师在本案中被取消资格；其他案件责令通知判决的；语言学习；道歉信。", "court": "Ohio CA (11th)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral; Counsel disqualified in this case; Order to notify the judgment in other cases; CLE; Letter of apology", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Prososki v. Regan", "url": "/documents/1699/N00013081PUB.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Nebraska SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief repeatedly cited 'Kennedy v. Kennedy, 27 Neb. App. 510, 934 N.W.2d 57 (2019)' and included block quotations and holdings not present; the cited unreported memorandum opinion does not contain the quoted language or the purported holding. Outcome: Appellant's brief stricken; appellant's appeal dismissed; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "普罗索斯基诉里根案", "description_zh": "律师在内布拉斯加州最高法院出庭。捏造：判例法| Brief 反复引用“肯尼迪诉肯尼迪案”，27 Neb. App。 510, 934 N.W.2d 57 (2019)' 并包括大宗报价和不存在的持股；所引用的未报告备忘录意见不包含所引用的语言或声称的持股。结果：上诉人短暂受挫；上诉人的上诉被驳回；酒吧推荐。", "court": "Nebraska SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appellant's brief stricken; appellant's appeal dismissed; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Daniel Gentry v. Calvin Thompson et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1771/Gentry_v._Thompson_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the E.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Second of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum was nonexistent; Court noted unusual bullet-point formatting and counsel's failure to read the cited cases. Outcome: Monetary sanction & formal admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丹尼尔·金特里诉卡尔文·汤普森等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 ChatGPT。路易斯安那州。捏造：判例法|被告备忘录中九个案例引用中的第二个不存在；法院注意到不寻常的要点格式以及律师未能阅读所引用的案例。结果：罚款和正式警告。", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction & formal admonishment", "monetary_penalty": "1250 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Jana James v. National Board of Osteopathic Examiners, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1763/James_v._Board_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Knakmuhs v. Minneapolis Pub. Sch., 990 F. Supp. 2d 1035 (D. Minn. 2014)'; court was unable to locate that case and found the citation incorrect/non-existent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jana James 诉国家整骨检查员委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Knakmuhs 诉明尼阿波利斯酒吧”案。 Sch.，990 F. Supp。 2d 1035（明尼苏达州 D. 2014）'；法院无法找到该案件，并发现引文不正确/不存在。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Anna Sheerer v. Thomas Panas", "url": "/documents/1767/Sheerer_v._Panas_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California (d1). Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case as authority; court identified the citation as fabricated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安娜·谢勒诉托马斯·帕纳斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加利福尼亚州 CA (d1) 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|受访者引用了一个不存在的案例作为依据；法院认定该传票是捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California (d1)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Oscar Brownfield v. Cherokee County School District No. 35", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1766/Brownfield_v._Cherokee_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants identified eight cited cases in Plaintiff's Sanctions Motion as non-existent (AI-generated fictitious cases); Court found submission of fictitious cases violated Rule 11.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥斯卡·布朗菲尔德诉切罗基县学区第 35 号案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。俄克拉荷马州。捏造：判例法|被告将原告制裁动议中引用的八个案件认定为不存在（人工智能生成的虚构案件）；法院认为提交虚构案件违反了规则 11。", "court": "E.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Keirton Inc. v. Mersad Rahmanovic", "url": "/documents/1775/In_re_Mersad_Rahmanovic_Debtor_Keirton.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado (Bankruptcy). False Quotes: Case Law | Rahmanovic quoted Gullickson v. Brown for two propositions that do not appear in that opinion; the court found the quoted language nonexistent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Keirton Inc. 诉 Mersad Rahmanovic", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 法院（破产）面前出庭。虚假引述：判例法|拉赫马诺维奇引用了古利克森诉布朗案的两个命题，但该意见中没有出现这两个命题；法院认为所引用的语言不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Prisbrey v. Prisbrey", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1834/Prisbrey_v_Prisbrey_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Utah. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellate brief included multiple incorrect or nonexistent Utah case citations; the court found four of six cited authorities incorrect and said some citations \"appear to be made out of whole cloth.\"", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "普里斯布雷诉普里斯布雷", "description_zh": "律师在犹他州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉简报包括多处不正确或不存在的犹他州案例引用；法院认为六份引用的权威机构中有四份不正确，并表示一些引用“似乎完全是捏造的”。", "court": "CA Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Davos Francois v. Vive Financial", "url": "/documents/1762/Francois_v._Vive_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida (4th). Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited multiple nonexistent cases in filings; the court found the authorities do not exist and warned that fictitious case law is sanctionable. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "达沃斯弗朗索瓦诉 Vive Financial", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Florida 出庭（第四次）。捏造：判例法|上诉人在备案文件中引用了多个不存在的案件；法院认定当局不存在，并警告说，虚构的判例法是可以制裁的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Florida (4th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Forest Ridge Townhomes Corporation of Greensboro v. Heag Pain Management Cente et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1761/Forest_Ridge_v._Heag_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Perplexity.AI in proceedings before the CA North Carolina. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Respondents submitted an exhibit titled 'Perplexity.AI Answers' containing AI-generated legal authorities and links; the court found some cited authorities irrelevant and appearing to be hallucinated and noted counsel's admission of using Perplexity.AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "格林斯博罗森林岭联排别墅公司诉头痛管理中心等人。", "description_zh": "律师在北卡罗来纳州 CA 的诉讼中使用了 Perplexity.AI。制作：展览和提交|受访者提交了一份题为“Perplexity.AI Answers”的展览，其中包含人工智能生成的法律权威和链接；法院认为一些引用的权威不相关并且似乎是幻觉，并注意到律师承认使用 Perplexity.AI。", "court": "CA North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Perplexity.AI", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Doiban v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/20/10k-fine-for-lawyer-who-filed-brief-apparently-containing-many-hallucinations/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief contained at least 15 citations to cases that the court concluded are fabricated (nonexistent) and cannot be located; counsel could not produce sources. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Doiban 诉俄勒冈州酒类和大麻委员会", "description_zh": "律师在俄勒冈州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|开庭简报至少引用了 15 条法庭断定是捏造的（不存在的）且无法找到的案件；律师无法提供消息来源。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "CA Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Michael Wayne Singletary v. SWBC Mortgage Corporation et al.", "url": "/documents/1773/Singletary_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Fifth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on multiple non-existent, AI-hallucinated cases to support claims; the court rejected those authorities as not real and found no support in actual case law.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Michael Wayne Singletary 诉 SWBC Mortgage Corporation 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第五巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人依靠多个不存在的、人工智能幻觉的案例来支持索赔；法院认为这些权威不真实，并没有得到实际判例法的支持，因而予以驳回。", "court": "CA Fifth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Sarah & Regina Alonso v. Jackson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1691/Sarah_v._Jackson_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case \"Allen v. Bayshore Mall\" in support of leave to amend; Court could not locate the opinion and noted possible AI-generated fabrication, warning counsel of potential Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莎拉和雷吉娜·阿隆索诉杰克逊", "description_zh": "律师出现在 W.D. Washington 面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“Allen v. Bayshore Mall”来支持允许修改；法院无法找到该意见，并指出可能是人工智能生成的捏造行为，并警告律师可能受到第 11 条规则的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Regan Wilkes, et al. v. Canyons School District, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1760/Wilkes_v._Canyon_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Utah. Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'F.C. v. Capistrano Unified School District' (purported 9th Cir.) to support tolling of IDEA's two-year statute; court identified it as a fabricated, AI-generated citation that undermined the pleading. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "里根·威尔克斯等人。诉峡谷学区等。", "description_zh": "律师出现在犹他州联邦法院。捏造：判例法|修改后的起诉书引用了不存在的“F.C.” v. Capistrano 联合学区”（据称是第 9 区）支持 IDEA 两年期法规的收费；法院将其认定为人工智能生成的伪造传票，破坏了诉状。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Zesiger v. Kansas et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1772/Zesiger_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs filed motions containing inaccurate or nonexistent case citations; Magistrate Judge Schwartz warned Plaintiffs about filing motions that contain inaccurate or nonexistent case citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泽西格诉堪萨斯等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告提出的动议包含不准确或不存在的案例引用；治安法官施瓦茨警告原告不要提出包含不准确或不存在的案例引用的动议。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 March 2026", "title": "Gregory Richmond and Lynne Richmond v. City of Newport, Washington", "url": "/documents/1690/Richmond_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Washington (d3). Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited State v. Johnson, 194 Wn.2d 704, 451 P.3d 1082 (2019), which the court could not locate and treated as a likely fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gregory Richmond 和 Lynne Richmond 诉华盛顿州纽波特市", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Washington 出庭 (d3)。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 State v. Johnson, 194 Wn.2d 704, 451 P.3d 1082 (2019)，法院无法找到该案，并将其视为可能捏造的传票。", "court": "CA Washington (d3)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Shaquan Pridgen v. Amazon.com Services LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1692/SHAQUAN_PRIDGEN_v_AMAZONCOM_SERVICES_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Lewis v. City of Trenton, 2020 WL 6204330'; the Court determined the citation does not exist, admonished the plaintiff, and warned against hallucinated citations (including those from generative AI). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shaquan Pridgen 诉 Amazon.com Services LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“刘易斯诉特伦顿市，2020 WL 6204330”；法院认定该引文不存在，对原告提出警告，并警告不要进行幻觉引文（包括来自生成人工智能的引文）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Esterra Commons Venture, LLC dba Verde Esterra Park v. Justin Norton", "url": "/documents/1688/Esterra_v._Norton_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Washington (d1). Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case that does not appear to exist; court notes the citation is fictitious and not part of the record. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Esterra Commons Venture, LLC dba Verde Esterra Park 诉 Justin Norton", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Washington 出庭 (d1)。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个似乎不存在的案例；法院指出，该传票是虚构的，不属于记录的一部分。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Washington (d1)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Domingo Beato-Estrella v. M. Arviza", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1694/Beato_Estrella_v._Swaney_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Santos v. Warden Allenwood FCI, No. 1:17-CV-02116, 2018 WL 1178251 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 6, 2018)'; court found no such M.D. Pa. decision — the 2018 WL number corresponds to Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London v. Pettit (W.D. Wash.), unrelated to petitioner's... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多明戈·比托-埃斯特雷拉诉M·阿维扎", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|请愿人引用“Santos v. Warden Allenwood FCI，编号 1:17-CV-02116, 2018 WL 1178251（宾夕法尼亚州医学博士，2018 年 3 月 6 日）”；法院没有发现这样的 M.D. Pa. 判决 - 2018 年 WL 编号对应于伦敦劳合社的某些承销商诉 Pettit（W.D. 华盛顿州）一案，与请愿人的……结果无关。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Meriland Keith Dillard v. CBS Studios, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1838/Meriland_Keith_Dillard_v._CBS_Studios_Inc._USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Jorgensen v. CBS, Inc., 728 F.2d 958 (8th Cir. 1984),' which the Court found does not exist and misrepresents the reporter citation (728 F.2d 953 is United States v. Johns (7th Cir. 1984)). Court treated the citation as a fabricated authority. Outcome: Factor in dismissing with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Meriland Keith Dillard 诉 CBS Studios, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Jorgensen v. CBS, Inc., 728 F.2d 958 (8th Cir. 1984)”，法院认为该案例不存在，并且歪曲了记者的引文（728 F.2d 953 是 United States v. Johns (7th Cir. 1984)）。法院将这一引文视为捏造的权威。结果：因偏见而驳回的因素。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Factor in dismissing with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "Whiting v. City of Athens, Tenn.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/14/lawyers-citing-nonexistent-cases-ordered-to-pay-opponents-attorney-fees-double-costs-15k-fine/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Sixth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited 'Berg v. Knox Cnty., 2024 WL 2012345, at *4 (6th Cir. Mar. 12, 2024)'; the court could not locate any such Sixth Circuit opinion and the WL citation produced no opinion. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order; Monetary Sanction; Potential disciplinary proceedings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "怀廷诉田纳西州雅典市。", "description_zh": "律师在加州第六巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|摘要引用“Berg v. Knox Cnty.，2024 WL 2012345，at *4（第六巡回法院，2024 年 3 月 12 日）”；法院无法找到任何此类第六巡回法院的意见，WL 的传票也没有提出任何意见。结果：不利费用令；金钱制裁；潜在的纪律处分。", "court": "CA Sixth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; Monetary Sanction; Potential disciplinary proceedings", "monetary_penalty": "30000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "DSME Construction Co., Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1875/dsme_construction_co._ltd._63878.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the ASBCA. Fabricated: Case Law | December 1, 2025 surreply contained eight citations to cases that do not exist; Board accepted appellant's admission and struck the surreply. Outcome: Brief struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大宇造船建设有限公司", "description_zh": "律师在 ASBCA 出庭。捏造：判例法| 2025 年 12 月 1 日出奇地包含八次引用不存在的案例；委员会接受了上诉人的认罪并出人意料地予以驳回。结果：短暂的打击。", "court": "ASBCA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "Albert Taylor v. Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1695/Taylor_v._Las_Vegas_Metro_USA_13_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's filings contained citations to non-existent cases; the court described them as 'hallucinogenic' and warned that unverified AI-generated citations may lead to Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿尔伯特·泰勒诉拉斯维加斯大都会警察局等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的文件中引用了不存在的案件；法院将它们描述为“致幻剂”，并警告说，未经验证的人工智能生成的引文可能会导致规则 11 的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "A.C. Appellant v. H.D. AND J.C.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1687/AC_Appellant_v_HD_AND_JC_13_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cites a non-existent case, which the court determined does not exist and was likely generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "A.C. 上诉人诉 H.D.和 J.C.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法| Brief 引用了一个不存在的案例，法院判定该案例不存在，很可能是由人工智能生成的。", "court": "SC Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "Suiter v. GM - General Motors, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1650/Suiter_v._General_Motors_March_12_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Suiter cited numerous case authorities that the court found to be fabricated or nonexistent; GM moved to strike the filings on that basis. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Suiter 诉 GM - 通用汽车有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法| Suiter 引用了许多法庭认为捏造或不存在的案件权威；通用汽车据此提出撤销这些申请。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "Hartmann v. Davidson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1661/Hartmann_v._Jadou_USA_12_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈特曼诉戴维森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。捏造：判例法", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2026", "title": "In re Scott Mitchell Obeginski", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/13/litigant-who-cited-fictional-authority-ordered-to-include-all-cited-authorities-in-future-filings-in-any-court/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Texas (9th). Fabricated: Case Law | Relator repeatedly cited fictitious case authorities in filings; trial court found the citations were fabricated and imposed sanctions requiring future filings to include copies of cited authorities highlighted. Outcome: Order to attach copies of cited authorities affirmed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于斯科特·米切尔·奥贝金斯基", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭（第九次）。捏造：判例法| Relator 在文件中多次引用虚构的案件主管机构；初审法院发现这些引文是捏造的，并实施了制裁，要求未来提交的文件中包含所强调的引用当局的副本。结果：确认附上引用权威机构副本的命令。", "court": "CA Texas (9th)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to attach copies of cited authorities affirmed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Bolden v. Baltimore Gas & Electric Co (In re: Eric Chibueze Nwaubani)", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/12/fourth-circuit-publicly-admonishes-lawyer-for-citations-to-nonexistent-judicial-opinions/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Fourth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited 'Nationwide Mutual Insurance Co. v. Jackson' in his opening brief; the panel determined the opinion does not exist and that respondent later said he meant to cite Darden but omitted that argument in a revised brief. Outcome: Public admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bolden 诉 Baltimore Gas & Electric Co（涉及：Eric Chibueze Nwaubani）", "description_zh": "律师在加州第四巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告在开场陈述中引用了“全国互助保险公司诉杰克逊”案；专家组认定该意见不存在，该受访者后来表示，他本想引用达顿的话，但在修订后的摘要中省略了这一论点。结果：公开训诫。", "court": "CA Fourth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Public admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Samantha Roussell v. The Bank of New York Mellon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1657/SAMANTHA_ROUSSELL_v_THE_BANK_OF_NEW_YORK_MELLON_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited thirteen cases that do not exist; the court expressly disregarded these fabricated cases. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨曼莎·罗塞尔诉纽约梅隆银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛罗里达州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了十三个不存在的案例；法院明确无视这些捏造的案件。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Dillon v. Myles Stephenson, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1660/Dillon_v._Stephenson_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found reporter citation incorrect; a case with the same name exists but the cited reporter and proposition are incorrect/misrepresented. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "狄龙诉迈尔斯·斯蒂芬森等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。歪曲事实：判例法|法院认定记者引文不正确；存在同名案例，但所引用的记者和主张不正确/歪曲。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Donte McClellon v. E. Rickard, Warden of FCI Otisville, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1647/McClennon_v._Rickard_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner’s reply cited at least three judicial opinions that do not exist; Magistrate Judge Moses identified these as likely AI-generated fabricated cases. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Donte McClellon 诉 FCI Otisville 典狱长 E. Rickard 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|申请人的答复至少引用了三项不存在的司法意见；地方法官摩西认为这些案件很可能是人工智能生成的捏造案件。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Traver v. General Motors Financial Company Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1677/Traver_v._General_Motors_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' Opposition cited this case; the Court's research concluded it does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特拉弗诉通用汽车金融公司等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的异议引用了本案；法院的研究得出的结论是它不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Checks Aciek Ateny Nai v. National Asset Mortgage, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1649/Nai_v._National_Asset_Mortgage_USA_11_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Counsel for NAM included a fabricated quotation altering the language of 12 U.S.C. § 2614 in NAM's Brief in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 117); quotation materially changed statute's plain meaning. Outcome: Order to Show Cause satisfied; court declined to impose Rule 11 sanctions..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "检查 Aciek Ateny Nai 诉 National Asset Mortgage, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在密歇根州联邦地区法院出庭。捏造：法律规范| NAM 的律师包含了一份伪造的引文，修改了 12 U.S.C. 的语言。 NAM 支持其简易判决动议的简报中的第 2614 条（ECF 第 117 号）；引用实质上改变了法规的简单含义。结果：满足“显示原因的命令”；法院拒绝实施第 11 条制裁。", "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause satisfied; court declined to impose Rule 11 sanctions.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2026", "title": "Kateryna Maslovska v. Ekaterina Shigabetdinova", "url": "/documents/1655/MASLOVSKA_v_EKATERINA_SHIGABETDINOVA_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the AC Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Four citations in the defendant's briefs were styled as legal authorities but did not exist or could not be verified; court noted they appeared to be AI-generated and unsupported. Outcome: Warning (both parties).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kateryna Maslovska v. Ekaterina Shigabetdinova", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州 AC 法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告陈述中的四处引文被称为法律权威，但并不存在或无法核实；法院指出，它们似乎是人工智能生成的且不受支持。结果：警告（双方）。", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning (both parties)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Arno Kuigoua v. Adam Michael Sacks", "url": "/documents/1678/Kouigoua_v._Sacks_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California (2nd). Fabricated: Case Law | Second apparently nonexistent or miscited case citation in appellant's opening brief identified by respondent and noted by the court. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿诺·奎古阿 v. 亚当·迈克尔·萨克斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭（第二次）。捏造：判例法|上诉人的开庭陈述中第二个明显不存在或错误引用的案例引用由被告识别并由法院记录。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California (2nd)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "In re A.R. and N.R., Minors", "url": "/documents/1654/In_re_AR_and_NR_Minors_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the AC Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited a non-existent authority 'In re K.B., 2019 IL App (3d) 180086'; the court determined the citation is erroneous and suggested it may have resulted from AI or a transcription error, treating it as a fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在 A.R.和 N.R.，未成年人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州 AC 法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的摘要引用了不存在的权威“In re K.B., 2019 IL App (3d) 180086”；法院认定该引文是错误的，并认为这可能是人工智能或转录错误造成的，将其视为捏造的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Brown v. State of Mississippi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1652/Brown_v._STA_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited three cases that do not exist ('phantom cases'); the State pointed this out on appeal and the court recorded the error in footnote 4; counsel later acknowledged these phantom cases. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布朗诉密西西比州案", "description_zh": "律师在密西西比州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了三个不存在的案件（“幻象案件”）；国家在上诉中指出了这一点，法院在脚注 4 中记录了这一错误；律师后来承认了这些幻影案件。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "United States of America v. Lorenzio Reshaud Simmons", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1658/USA_v._Simmons_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Hazel, 696 F.3d 473, 478 (4th Cir. 2012)' — court found no such Fourth Circuit case (citation appears fabricated). Outcome: Warning; Allowed to file corrected brief.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美利坚合众国诉洛伦齐奥·雷肖德·西蒙斯", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。北卡罗来纳州。捏造：判例法|备忘录引用了“美国诉 Hazel，696 F.3d 473, 478（第四巡回法院，2012 年）”——法院没有发现此类第四巡回法院案件（引文似乎是捏造的）。结果：警告；允许提交更正的摘要。", "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning; Allowed to file corrected brief", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Tina Rose v. City of West Frankfort et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1662/Rose_v._City_of_West_Frankfort_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. Illinois. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒂娜·罗斯诉西法兰克福市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。伊利诺伊州。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Helen Allen v. Cass Casper and Disparti Law Group", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1663/Allen_v._Casper_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case 'Krause v. Meyers' to support malpractice theory; the court found 'Krause' is fabricated and an AI hallucination and rejected reliance on it. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "海伦·艾伦诉卡斯·卡斯珀和 Disparti Law Group", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“克劳斯诉迈耶斯”来支持医疗事故理论；法院认定“克劳斯”是捏造的，是人工智能的幻觉，并拒绝对其信赖。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Michael Platt v. Volunteers of America Ohio & Indiana", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1666/Platt_v._Volunteers_USA_10_MArch_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate any decision corresponding to the cited Bodine case and found the citation to be nonexistent. Outcome: Brief Struck, Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "迈克尔·普拉特诉美国志愿者组织 俄亥俄州和印第安纳州", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到与所引用的博丁案件相对应的任何决定，并认为该引文不存在。结果：短暂打击，警告。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck, Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Cartagena v. Dixon, Blackburn, and T.A. Blackburn Law, PLLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1665/Cartagena_v._Dixon_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Protégé (LexisNexis) in proceedings before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief filed by defendant's counsel contained multiple non-existent case citations and misstatements of law; court found pervasive 'hallucinated' cases and noted counsel attributed errors to use of 'Protégé' AI. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡塔赫纳诉迪克森、布莱克本和 T.A.布莱克本律师事务所，PLLC", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用 Protégé (LexisNexis)。纽约。捏造：判例法|被告律师提交的案情摘要包含多项不存在的案例引用和法律错误陈述；法院发现普遍存在“幻觉”案件，并指出律师将错误归因于“Protégé”人工智能的使用。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Protégé (LexisNexis)", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Hunter v. TForce Freight Incorporated", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1648/Hunter_v_TForce_Freight_Incorporated_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亨特诉 TForce Freight Incorporated", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "A.K. v. M.R.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1681/AK_v._MR_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant included reporter citation '994 N.E.2d 228' that did not correspond to the case name cited; court noted links pointed to unrelated Illinois decision rather than the Indiana case appellant referenced. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "A.K. v.M.R.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的记者引文“994 N.E.2d 228”与引用的案件名称不符；法院指出，链接指向不相关的伊利诺伊州判决，而不是引用的印第安纳州案件上诉人。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 March 2026", "title": "M7 Indústria e Comércio de Compensados e Laminados v. U.S. Structural Plywood Integrity Coalition, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1664/M7_v._Plywood_USA_9_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs' memorandum attributed this quoted passage to NYNEX Corp. v. Discon, but the Court found the quotation does not appear in that opinion. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M7 Indústria e Comércio de Compensados e Laminados 诉美国结构胶合板完整性联盟等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|原告的备忘录将这段引用的段落归因于 NYNEX Corp. v. Discon，但法院发现该引用并未出现在该意见中。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 March 2026", "title": "Slay v. Ross", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1619/Slay_v._Ross_9_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited Waller v. Waller, 288 Ga. 164, 164-165 (2010), which the court found to be fictitious; court noted as an example of AI-generated bogus citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯莱诉罗斯", "description_zh": "律师在佐治亚州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要引用了 Waller v. Waller, 288 Ga. 164, 164-165 (2010)，法院认为该案是虚构的；法院指出了人工智能生成的虚假引文的一个例子。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Sai Malena Jimenez-Fogarty v. Thomas Fogarty", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1653/Fogarty_v._Fogarty_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Hojan v. Steele, 875 F.3d 396, 400 (7th Cir. 2017)'; the court could not locate any case by that name and concluded the citation appears fabricated. Outcome: Hallucination treated it as non-existent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "赛·马莱娜·希门尼斯-福加蒂​​诉托马斯·福加蒂", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|请愿人援引“Hojan v. Steele, 875 F.3d 396, 400 (7th Cir. 2017)”；法院无法找到该名称的任何案件，并得出结论，该传票似乎是捏造的。结果：幻觉认为它不存在。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Hallucination treated it as non-existent", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Hatch v. College Ave Student Loans", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1621/Hatch_v._Equifax_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited Horan v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC to support arguments; the Court could not locate the opinion and ordered counsel to produce a true and accurate copy or explain how the citation was located. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈奇诉学院大道学生贷款案", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了 Horan v. Equifax Info 案。 Servs., LLC 支持论点；法院无法找到该意见，并命令律师提供真实准确的副本或解释如何找到传票。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Nelson Lin v. The Honorable Jonathan H. Shim, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1682/Lin_v._Shim_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Hernandez v. Spitzer, No. 09-cv-3914, 2010 WL 11586928 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 29, 2010)'; the court found that this case does not exist and rejected reliance on it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nelson Lin 诉 Jonathan H. Shim 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Hernandez v. Spitzer，No. 09-cv-3914，2010 WL 11586928（S.D.N.Y.，2010 年 3 月 29 日）”；法院认定该案不存在，并驳回了对其的信赖。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Dewayne Clark v. CoreCivic", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1646/Clark_v._Corecivic_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Garrison v. Gambro as stating summary judgment is a \"drastic remedy\" to be granted \"with caution;\" the court found Garrison does not contain that language or proposition. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德韦恩·克拉克诉CoreCivic", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。虚假引述：判例法|原告援引加里森诉甘布罗案称，即决判决是一种“严厉的补救措施”，应“谨慎对待”；法院认定加里森不包含该语言或主张。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Andre Lamont Goddard, Jr. v. City University of Seattle", "url": "/documents/1651/Lamont_v._City_U_of_Seattle_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. District of Columbia. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited decision and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小安德烈·拉蒙特·戈达德诉西雅图城市大学", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在哥伦比亚特区。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的判决，并认为该判决很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。结果：警告。", "court": "D. District of Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Zack Jones v. Target Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that the pro se plaintiff 'relied on \"hallucinated\" case citations' in his filings; the opinion does not identify or analyze any specific fabricated citation. Outcome: Recommended granting terminating sanctions and dismissal of the case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "扎克·琼斯诉塔吉特公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院指出，自诉原告在其提交的文件中“依赖于‘幻觉’的案例引用”；该意见不识别或分析任何具体的捏造引文。结果：建议终止制裁并驳回案件。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Recommended granting terminating sanctions and dismissal of the case", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Kattom v. Bondi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1622/Kattom_v._Bondi_USA_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the W.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum cited cases that did not exist; Court found multiple fabricated case citations generated in the filing. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡托姆诉邦迪案", "description_zh": "律师在路易斯安那州 W.D. 诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|备忘录引用了不存在的案例；法院发现该文件中存在多处捏造的案件引文。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "W.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Gregory J. Van Etten v. Stephanie K. Fattman, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1659/Van_Etten_v._Fattman_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Court flagged plaintiff's use of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) to support the incorrect proposition that a magistrate 'may recommend but cannot strike pleadings absent district-judge adoption,' and corrected that §636(b)(1)(A) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 72 govern magistrate autho... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gregory J. Van Etten 诉 Stephanie K. Fattman 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：法律规范|法院标记了原告使用 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) 支持错误的主张，即治安法官“可以建议但不能在没有地区法官采纳的情况下驳回诉状”，并更正了 §636(b)(1)(A) 和 Fed。 R.公民。第 72 页 治安法官授权... 结果：警告。", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2026", "title": "Kim Elizabeth Harwell v. WestCare Nevada, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1623/Harwell_v._Westcare_Nevada.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Estate of Saila v. Circle K Corp.' in support of negligence; court could not find the case and noted the citation numbers corresponded to unrelated cases. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kim Elizabeth Harwell 诉 WestCare Nevada, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Nevada 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“Estate of Saila v. Circle K Corp.”支持疏忽；法院无法找到该案件，并注意到引文编号与不相关的案件相对应。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Lawand Hill v. Sloppy Vinyl, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1616/Hill_v._Sloppy_Vinyl_USA_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Duff v. Trenton Beverage Co., 73 A.2d 578 (1950) for the proposition that a contract 'never becomes binding' if a condition precedent is not completed; the court found the quoted language does not appear in Duff. Outcome: Motion to dismiss granted; warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lawand Hill 诉 Sloppy Vinyl, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Duff v. Trenton Beverage Co., 73 A.2d 578 (1950) 的主张，即如果先决条件未完成，合同“永远不会具有约束力”；法院发现所引用的语言并未出现在《达夫》中。结果：驳回动议获得批准；警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to dismiss granted; warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of Kuerschner", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1611/In_the_Matter_of_the_Estate_of_KUERSCHNER_USA_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited “Orlandini v. Crawford (Arizona Court of Appeals),” which the court could not locate and concluded does not appear to exist. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于库尔施纳的遗产问题", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州亚利桑那州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“奥兰迪尼诉克劳福德案（亚利桑那州上诉法院）”，但法院无法找到该案件，并得出结论认为该案件似乎不存在。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Joan Pablo Torres Campos v. Leslie Ann Munoz", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1599/D085584.pdf", "description": "Lawyer; Judge used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Court and counsel cited 'Marriage of Twigg' as authority on prioritizing parties' emotional well‑being in custody; Twigg does not exist and the citation \"34 Cal.3d 926\" and parallel citations provided by counsel were fabricated. Court found reliance on this nonexistent auth... Outcome: Monetary sanction; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "琼·巴勃罗·托雷斯·坎波斯诉莱斯利·安·穆尼奥斯", "description_zh": "律师;法官在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|法院和律师援引《特威格的婚姻》作为优先考虑羁押期间双方情感健康的权威； Twigg 并不存在，引文“34 Cal.3d 926”和律师提供的平行引文都是伪造的。法院发现对这一不存在的授权的依赖...结果：经济制裁；酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer; Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "Ryan Adam Dixon v. MultiCare Health System", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1614/RYAN_ADAM_DIXON_v_MULTICARE_HEALTH_SYSTEM_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Bounds v. Smith to support a proposition; the Court found the case did not support the proposition offered. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ryan Adam Dixon 诉 MultiCare 卫生系统", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Bounds v. Smith 案来支持一项主张；法院认为该案不支持所提出的主张。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "Jeri'yah Ford v. Troy City School District, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1615/Ford_v._Troy_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited unspecified Eighth Circuit and D. Kan. cases that opposing counsel and the Court could not locate; court concluded these were fabricated and ordered show cause. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jeri'yah Ford 诉特洛伊市学区等。", "description_zh": "律师出现在纽约 N.D. 杂志上。捏造：判例法|原告的答复引用了未具体说明的第八巡回法院和 D. Kan. 案件，对方律师和法院无法找到这些案件；法院得出结论，这些都是捏造的，并下令说明理由。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 March 2026", "title": "Medal v. Amazon.com Services, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1629/2026-03-04_-_Amazon_-_Order_re_OSC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs repeatedly cited '21 U.S.C. § 343(r)(6)(D)', but that subsection does not exist; Plaintiffs' counsel admitted the citation arose from insufficiently supervised LLM use and the court called the inclusion unacceptable. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Medal 诉 Amazon.com Services, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在 W.D. Washington 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：法律规范|原告多次援引《21 U.S.C.》 § 343(r)(6)(D)'，但该款不存在；原告律师承认，这一传票是由于法学硕士的使用监管不足而造成的，法院称这种引用是不可接受的。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "In re Lusine Hakhverdyan", "url": "/documents/1618/In_re_Lusine_Hackverdyan_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the C.D. California (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Debtor cited 'Whittaker v. Otto, 2014 WL 37845 (9th Cir.)' which does not correspond to the authority described; the citation leads to an unrelated case (Harmer) and is inaccurate/nonexistent as cited.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卢西娜·哈赫维尔迪安 (Lusine Hakhverdyan) 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州（破产）。捏造：判例法|法院观察到债务人引用的“Whittaker v. Otto, 2014 WL 37845 (9th Cir.)”与所描述的权威不符；该引用导致了一个不相关的案例（Harmer），并且所引用的内容不准确/不存在。", "court": "C.D. California (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of CAROL M. CAREY", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1610/In_the_Matter_of_the_Estate_of_CAREY_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Estate of Stoler, 113 Wn. App. 104 (2002)'; court found this citation incorrect and corresponding to State v. Neely, 113 Wn. App. 100 (a criminal case) and thus inapplicable. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于卡罗尔·M·凯里 (CAROL M. CAREY) 的遗产问题", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了“斯托勒庄园，113 Wn”。应用程序。 104（2002）'；法院认为该引文不正确，对应于 State v. Neely, 113 Wn.应用程序。 100（刑事案件），因此不适用。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "CA Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Put A Bird On It, LLC v. Seattle Arena Holdings, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1613/PUT_A_BIRD_ON_IT_USA_2_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's opening brief included AI-generated erroneous citations and false quotations—mixing fictitious captions, misattributed citations, and legal principles not supported by the cited cases; attorneys admitted the citations were produced by 'AI-based search engines' a...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Put A Bird On It, LLC 诉 Seattle Arena Holdings, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在 CA Washington 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|上诉人的开场陈述包括人工智能生成的错误引用和虚假引用——混合了虚构的标题、错误的引用以及引用案例不支持的法律原则；律师承认这些引文是由“基于人工智能的搜索引擎”生成的……", "court": "CA Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Fabian Antonio Thomas v. Officer Skylar Sillivent, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1617/Thomas_v._Sillivent_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited United States v. Lopez, 817 F.3d 541, 545 (5th Cir. 2016); the Court found this to be a phantom case that does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fabian Antonio Thomas 诉 Skylar Sillivent 警官等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告援引 United States v. Lopez, 817 F.3d 541, 545 (5th Cir. 2016)；法院认为这是一个不存在的幻案。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Derence V. Fivehouse v. United States Department of Defense et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1601/gov.uscourts.nced.221403.119.0_1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Court identified a fabricated quotation from regulation 32 C.F.R. § 199.21(d) in Defendants' response opposing summary judgment (D.E.90). Outcome: Court issued show-cause order and scheduled hearing to determine sanctions; no sanction imposed yet..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Derence V. Fivehouse 诉美国国防部等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。北卡罗来纳州。捏造：法律规范|法院认定，第 32 C.F.R. 条中的引述是捏造的。被告反对即决判决 (D.E.90) 的回应中第 199.21(d) 条。结果：法院发布说明理由命令并安排听证会以确定制裁；尚未实施制裁..", "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court issued show-cause order and scheduled hearing to determine sanctions; no sanction imposed yet.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Hardy v. Whitaker", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1605/Hardy_v_Whitaker_USA_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's MSJ included the citation 'Patel v. City of Ferndale, 308 F.3d 511, 517 (6th Cir. 2002)'; the court identified it as a fabricated/phantom case likely produced by generative AI and flagged it as a hallucination. Outcome: Plaintiff's amended complaint dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈迪诉惠特克", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告的 MSJ 中引用了“Patel v. City of Ferndale, 308 F.3d 511, 517 (6th Cir. 2002)”；法院认定这是一个可能由生成人工智能产生的捏造/幻觉案件，并将其标记为幻觉。结果：原告的修改后的申诉被有偏见地驳回。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's amended complaint dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Horton v. Colvin", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1609/Horton_v_Colvin_USA_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Alabama. Fabricated: Doctrinal Work Outcome: Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded (libel claim as to “meth house” reversed for further proceedings)..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍顿诉科尔文", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在阿拉巴马州加州法院出庭。捏造：理论工作成果：部分确认；部分逆转；还押（关于“冰毒屋”的诽谤指控被撤销以进行进一步诉讼）..", "court": "CA Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded (libel claim as to “meth house” reversed for further proceedings).", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of Arturo Lopez", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1586/Lopez_v._Dominguez_USA_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's briefs included fabricated legal citations and defective citations; the court concluded several citations contained substantial defects and appeared fabricated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于阿图罗·洛佩兹的遗产问题", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州亚利桑那州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述包括捏造的合法引文和有缺陷的引文；法院得出的结论是，几份传票存在重大缺陷，而且似乎是捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Estate of Khallid Muhammad et al v. Tupac Shakur Estate et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1596/Khallid_v._Tupac_Estate_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the C.D. California. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a Minnesota probate appeal as having \"denied intervention where movants lacked legal title,\" but the underlying state decision did not address intervention; Court found the quotation/mischaracterization inaccurate. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Khallid Muhammad 等人的遗产诉 Tupac Shakur 遗产等人", "description_zh": "律师出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了明尼苏达州遗嘱认证上诉，称其“在移民缺乏合法所有权的情况下拒绝干预”，但基本的州决定并未涉及干预；法院认为引用/错误描述不准确。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "United States v. Robert Ponce, Jr.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1589/USA_v._Ponce_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple citations in Ponce's motions and replies cited non-existent cases; the court described them as 'hallucinogenic' and warned they may stem from AI-generated writing. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉小罗伯特·庞塞", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|庞塞的动议和答复中多次引用了不存在的案例；法院将它们描述为“致幻剂”，并警告它们可能源于人工智能生成的文字。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Samuel K. v. Winsley Focia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1587/Samuel_K._v._Focia_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited a nonexistent case 'Medical Board v. Superior Court (2022) 88 Cal.App.5th 459, 475' and attributed multiple due-process quotations to it; court found no such published case or quotations and labeled them AI 'hallucinations.' Outcome: Appeal dismissed; appellant to bear her own costs on appeal..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塞缪尔·K·诉温斯利·福西亚", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了一个不存在的案件“Medical Board v. Superior Court (2022) 88 Cal.App.5th 459, 475”，并引用了多个正当程序；法院没有发现此类公开的案例或引文，并将其标记为人工智能“幻觉”。结果：上诉被驳回；上诉人自行承担上诉费用。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed; appellant to bear her own costs on appeal.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "David Thomas v. The Quikrete Companies, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1607/Thomas_v._Quikrete_Company_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大卫·托马斯诉 Quikrete Companies, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Volker v. Nygaard", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1590/Volker_v_Nygaard_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC North Dakota. Fabricated: Case Law | Volker repeatedly filed briefs containing fictitious, AI-generated case citations; the district court found them fictitious and dismissed the case with prejudice as a Rule 11 sanction. Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沃尔克诉尼加德案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在北达科他州 SC 上。捏造：判例法|沃尔克多次提交包含人工智能生成的虚构案例引文的简报；地区法院认定这些内容是虚构的，并根据规则 11 的制裁驳回了该案。结果：案件因偏见被驳回。", "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Perry v. Exeter Finance LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1580/Perry_v._Exeter_Finance_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed the citation 'Chavez v. Bank of Am., 2014 WL 2159382 (D. Ariz. 2014)' provided by Plaintiff does not return the case identified. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佩里诉埃克塞特金融有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|法院注意到原告提供的引文“C​​havez v. Bank of Am., 2014 WL 2159382 (D. Ariz. 2014)”并未返回所确定的案件。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Hicks v. City of Albany", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1582/Hicks_v_City_of_Albany_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Knight v. Pierson, Inc., 206 Ga. App. 514 (1992), which the court could not locate; the City pointed out the inaccurate citation; counsel later admitted it was a nonexistent case likely produced by an AI platform and apologized. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "希克斯诉奥尔巴尼市案", "description_zh": "律师在佐治亚州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|律师援引 Knight v. Pierson, Inc., 206 Ga. App. 514 (1992)，法院无法找到；市政府指出了不准确的引文；律师后来承认这是一个不存在的案件，很可能是由人工智能平台制作的，并道歉。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Straub v. Henderson", "url": "/documents/1588/Straub_v._Henderson_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the DCA Florida. Outcome: Affirmed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯特劳布诉亨德森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛罗里达州 DCA 出庭。结果：确认..", "court": "DCA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "In re termination of parental rights (HK)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1584/In_re_termination_of_parental_rights_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Mother cited JS-501568, 177 Ariz. at 577, attributing multiple sentences the court could not find, including 'a parent's ability to maintain a relationship must be judged by what they do, not what another parent does or does not do' and 'minimal efforts do not preclude ab... Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重新终止亲权（香港）", "description_zh": "律师在加州亚利桑那州出庭。虚假引述：判例法|母亲引用了 JS-501568, 177 Ariz. 第 577 页，归因于法院无法找到的多个判决，包括“父母维持关系的能力必须根据他们所做的事情来判断，而不是另一位父母做了或不做”以及“最小的努力并不排除……结果：律师转介”。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Kettering Adventist Healthcare v. Sandra Collier, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1574/Kettering_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited United States v. Pendergraft, 297 F.3d 1198 (11th Cir. 2002) as supporting civil-extortion elements; the Court noted Pendergraft addresses criminal extortion under the Hobbs Act, not civil extortion under Ohio law (misapplied authority). Outcome: Contempt Finding; Brief Struck; Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kettering Adventist Healthcare 诉 Sandra Collier 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.俄亥俄州。歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引 United States v. Pendergraft, 297 F.3d 1198 (11th Cir. 2002) 作为民事勒索要素的佐证；法院指出，彭德格拉夫特涉及《霍布斯法案》下的刑事勒索，而不是俄亥俄州法律下的民事勒索（滥用权力）。结果：发现藐视法庭；短暂的敲击；金钱制裁。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Contempt Finding; Brief Struck; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Christina Leas Dunn v. Nelnet", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1579/Dunn_v._Nelnet_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Nelnet pointed out that several case citations in Ms. Dunn's motions do not exist and are likely fabricated; Ms. Dunn admitted the citations were incorrect but did not file corrected motions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯蒂娜·莱斯·邓恩诉内尔内特案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在阿肯色州联邦地区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|内尔内特指出，邓恩女士动议中引用的几个案例并不存在，而且很可能是捏造的；邓恩女士承认引文不正确，但没有提出更正动议。", "court": "W.D. Arkansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Moses v. State", "url": "/documents/1625/Moses_V_State_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CATennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained at least one fictitious case citation; the court stated it would disregard any authorities it could not verify as authentic.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "摩西诉国家", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 CATennessee 法庭上。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中至少包含一个虚构的案例引文；法院表示，它将无视任何无法核实其真实性的权威。", "court": "CATennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Anthony Jama Hall v. Superior Court of Sacramento County", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1585/Jama_Hall_v._Superior_Court_USA_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'County of Sacramento v. Superior Court (2014) 232 Cal.App.4th 305' as controlling authority; the court determined this case citation does not exist and does not support appellant's proposition. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安东尼·贾玛·霍尔诉萨克拉门托县高等法院", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“萨克拉门托县诉高等法院 (2014) 232 Cal.App.4th 305”作为控制机构；法院认定本案引文不存在，不支持上诉人的主张。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "Roosevelt Hunt, Jr. v. True Sky Federal Credit Union", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1583/Hunt_v._True_Sky_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Howard v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 2019 WL 1401348 (D. Kan. Mar. 28, 2019)', which the court found does not exist in Westlaw and for which no case number was provided. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小罗斯福亨特诉 True Sky 联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Howard v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 2019 WL 1401348 (D. Kan. Mar. 28, 2019)”，法院认为 Westlaw 中不存在该案，并且没有提供案件编号。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Wells Fargo Bank v. Frances W. Dean", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1591/Wells_Fargo_v._Dean_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined this cited case does not exist; relied on it in her filings. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "富国银行诉弗朗西斯·W·迪恩案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|法院认定本案不存在；她在文件中依赖了这一点。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Gail Fung v. Liberty University", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1595/Fung_v._Liberty_Univiersity_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Friedman v. Southern New Hampshire University, 104 A.D. 3d 617 (N.Y. App. Div. 2013)'; the Court found no such case exists and that it does not support the plaintiff's argument, warning of potential Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "冯盖尔诉自由大学", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“弗里德曼诉南新罕布什尔大学，104 A.D. 3d 617 (N.Y. App. Div. 2013)”；法院认为不存在此类案件，并且不支持原告的论点，并警告可能实施第 11 条规则的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Chapter Kris Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation et al. (3)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1566/Jackson_v._BOK_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple quotations in petitioner's motion to disqualify did not appear in the cited cases; Judge Huntsman identified four fake quotations and previously struck the filing. Outcome: Struck filings; Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯·杰克逊 (Kris Jackson) 诉 BOK 金融公司等人案。 (3)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 N.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|引用的案例中没有出现申请人取消资格动议中的多次引用；亨茨曼法官发现了四份虚假报价，并于之前驳回了该申请。结果：文件被击中；金钱制裁。", "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings; Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "405 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Ryan Lee v. Capital One Bank et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1656/Ryan_Lee_Plaintiff_v_Capital_One_Bank_USA_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Utah. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ryan Lee 诉第一资本银行等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在犹他州 D. 法庭上。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Juan Villalovos-Gutierrez, et al. v. Gerard Van de Pol, et al. (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1572/Villalovos_Guttierez_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited this case in its opposition; the court found the cited case does not exist. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "胡安·比利亚洛沃斯-古铁雷斯等人。诉 Gerard Van de Pol 等人。 (2)", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|被告在其异议中引用了本案；法院认为所引案件不存在。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Ebony Sherisse Lucas v. Charles W. Scharf, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1626/Lucas_v._Wells_Fargo_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's reply as non-existent and likely AI-generated. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ebony Sherisse Lucas 诉 Charles W. Scharf 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. North Carolina 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院认为原告答复中的这一引文不存在，并且可能是人工智能生成的。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Louis J. Blazy v. Department of State", "url": "/documents/1573/Blazy_v._State.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CBCA. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited four non-existent decisions; appellant could not produce copies and offered vague explanations. Outcome: Formal admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "路易斯·J·布拉齐 (Louis J. Blazy) 诉国务院", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 CBCA 面前。捏造：判例法|动议引用了四项不存在的决定；上诉人无法出示副本并提供含糊的解释。结果：正式警告。", "court": "CBCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Formal admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Kenneth Hawkins v. I.C. System, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1568/KENNETH_HAWKINS_Plaintiff_v_IC_SYSTEM_INC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff included authorities in filings that the Court could not locate and determined did not appear to exist; Court warned this constituted 'made up' citations and reminded plaintiff of Rule 11. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "肯尼思·霍金斯诉 I.C.系统公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告在法院无法找到且确定似乎不存在的文件中包含了当局；法院警告这构成“捏造”的引文，并提醒原告注意规则 11。 结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Zeus Realty Group LLC v. 1032 N Sycamore Owner LA, LLC et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1593/Zeus_Realty_Group_LLC_v_1032_N_Sycamore_Owner_LA_LLC_et_al_USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion contained citations to nonexistent cases; Court noted the citations were nonexistent per Defendant's Opposition but did not identify specific fabricated cases.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zeus Realty Group LLC 诉 1032 N Sycamore Owner LA, LLC 等人", "description_zh": "律师出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告的动议引用了不存在的案件；法院指出，根据被告的反对意见，这些引文并不存在，但没有指出具体的捏造案件。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Shawn Olali v. Ampex Brands, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1624/Olali_v.__USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's pleadings included citations to nonexistent cases; the court noted these fabricated citations and warned of Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shawn Olali 诉 Ampex Brands, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的诉状中引用了不存在的案件；法院注意到这些捏造的传票，并警告遵守规则 11 的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Gerow v. Falcone", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1567/Gerow_v_Falcone.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se plaintiff cited AROK Construction Co. v. Shipley, 235 Ariz. 163, 166, 329 P.3d 1051, 1054 (Ct. App. 2014); the Court found that the case does not exist at that citation and could not locate the quoted language, and thus did not rely on it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰罗诉法尔科内案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告原告引用了 AROK Construction Co. v. Shipley, 235 Ariz. 163, 166, 329 P.3d 1051, 1054（Ct. App. 2014）；法院认为该案在该引文中并不存在，并且无法找到所引用的语言，因此没有依赖它。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Zlatkin v. Gladwin County, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1594/Zlatkin_et_al_v._Butman_Township_of_et_al_USA_20_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Wells v. UPS Airlines, -- F. Supp. 3d --, 2022 WL 1234567 (W.D. Ky. Mar. 30, 2022)'; the Court determined no such decision exists and noted a different similarly titled decision does not support plaintiff's recusal argument. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "兹拉特金诉格拉德温县等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Wells 诉 UPS Airlines”一案，--F. Supp。 3d --, 2022 WL 1234567（W.D. Ky. 2022 年 3 月 30 日）'；法院裁定不存在此类裁决，并指出另一项类似标题的裁决不支持原告的回避论点。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Juandel Pena and Martina Ruiz v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1554/Pena_v._Wells_Fargo_USA_19_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Holden v. Holiday Inn Club Vacations, Inc., 98 F.4th 1359 with a pinpoint to page 1371; the court noted Holden ends at page 1369 and that the cited page does not exist, suggesting an AI-generated or otherwise fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Juandel Pena 和 Martina Ruiz 诉 北美富国银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告援引了 Holden v. Holiday Inn Club Vacations, Inc., 98 F.4th 1359，具体指向第 1371 页；法院指出，霍顿在第 1369 页结束，并且引用的页面不存在，这表明引用是人工智能生成的或以其他方式捏造的。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Kosel Equity v. McGregor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the SC Connecticut. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Allowed to refile brief.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kosel Equity 诉 McGregor", "description_zh": "律师在康涅狄格州 SC 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法结果：允许重新提交摘要。", "court": "SC Connecticut", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Allowed to refile brief", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Bixler v. Church of Scientology", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | At least ten purported case authorities that have been miscited or mischaracterized in more than fifteen places in respondents’ brief. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比克斯勒诉山达基教会案", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|受访者简介中至少有 10 个声称的案件权威在超过 15 个地方被错误引用或错误描述。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "In re: Marrett", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1564/In_re_Marrett_USA_19_February_2026_GFXYwRZ.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors cited 'Goguen v. Nason, 419 A.2d 1032 (Me. 1980)', which Westlaw/Lexis searches showed does not exist; the court identified this citation as nonexistent and noted the apparent correct citation in the same reporter is Ridgway v. Prudential Ins. Co., 419 A.2d 1030 (Me...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：马雷特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|债务人引用了“Goguen v. Nason, 419 A.2d 1032 (Me. 1980)”，Westlaw/Lexis 搜索显示该内容并不存在；法院认为该引文不存在，并指出同一记者的明显正确引文是 Ridgway v. Prudential Ins。有限公司，419 A.2d 1030（我...", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Johnson v. Florida Department of Juvenile Justice et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1570/QUINTAURUS_L_JOHNSON_Plaintiff_v_DEPARTMENT_OF_JUVENILE_JUSTICE_ANDREW_COR.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Watson v. Amedisys Holding, LLC, 298 F. App'x 395, 396 (5th Cir. 2008) Outcome: Brief Struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰逊诉佛罗里达州少年司法部等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法| Watson 诉 Amedisys Holding, LLC, 298 F. App'x 395, 396（第 5 巡回法院，2008 年） 结果：短暂获胜。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Kendle Mardis v. Dealer Loyalty Protection, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1553/Mardis_v._Dealer_Loyalty_Protection_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Johnson v. Mitchell, 2:20-cv-1882, 2020 WL 5649609 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 23, 2020)'; defendants and the Court found the case does not exist and flagged it as likely AI-generated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kendle Mardis 诉经销商忠诚保护公司等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用“约翰逊诉米切尔，2:20-cv-1882, 2020 WL 5649609（俄亥俄州南区，2020 年 9 月 23 日）”；被告和法院发现该案件不存在，并将其标记为可能是人工智能生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "EFD USA, INC., et al. v. Band Pro Film and Digital, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1552/EFD_USA_v_BAND_PRO_FILM_AND_DIGITAL_IN_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant quoted Lilienthal as stating tests for distinct claims ('(1) times of services performed; (2) specific obligations involved; and (3) resulting damages'), but the quotation does not appear in Lilienthal and the case does not address settlement offsets. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "EFD USA, INC. 等。诉 Band Pro Film and Digital, Inc. 等。", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了李林塔尔的陈述，说明了对不同索赔的测试（“(1) 执行服务的次数；(2) 涉及的具体义务；以及 (3) 由此产生的损害”），但该引述并未出现在李林塔尔中，并且该案件没有涉及和解抵消。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "900 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Shaerica L. Walder v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1559/Walder_v._Experian_Information_Solutions_Inc_Defendant_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited nonexistent/fictitious cases in her motion for summary judgment; the magistrate judge flagged the fabricated citations and the district court warned that further citation of nonexistent cases could result in sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shaerica L. Walder 诉 Experian Information Solutions", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告在简易判决动议中多次引用不存在/虚构的案件；治安法官指出了捏造的传票，地方法院警告称，进一步援引不存在的案件可能会导致制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "David Martin v. ODS Community Dental Insurance et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1560/Martin_v._ODS_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributes a quote to Zschernig v. Miller (citing 389 U.S. 429, 432) that the court found does not appear on the cited page or anywhere in the case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "David Martin 诉 ODS 社区牙科保险等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Zschernig v. Miller 案（援引 389 U.S. 429, 432）的引述，法院发现该引述并未出现在引用的页面或案件的任何地方。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Kennon v. Ashley", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1557/Kennon_v._Ashley_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Kansas. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | A block-quoted colloquy attributed to Ashley (including 'what he said, not what he did' and 'It was the language') is quoted as from Doc.55-1 at 33:2-11 but the court found those phrases do not appear at that location or elsewhere in the deposition. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "肯农诉阿什利", "description_zh": "律师在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。虚假报价：展品和提交内容 | Doc.55-1 的 33:2-11 引用了阿什利的一段被引用的对话（包括“他说了什么，而不是他做了什么”和“这是语言”），但法院发现这些短语没有出现在该位置或证词中的其他地方。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Fletcher v. Experian Information Solutions & Bridgecrest Credit Company", "url": "/documents/1539/Fletcher_v._Experian_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Fifth Circuit. False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief attributed to In re Deepwater Horizon a quotation the court could not find; Court concluded the quoted language was not present in the opinion. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fletcher 诉 Experian Information Solutions 和 Bridgecrest Credit Company", "description_zh": "律师在加州第五巡回法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。虚假引述：判例法|法庭未能找到《深水地平线》一案的答复摘要；法院得出结论，意见中没有引用的语言。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "CA Fifth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2500", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 February 2026", "title": "Matter of: Adapt Forward, LLC", "url": "/documents/1597/Adapt_Forward.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'SRA Int’l, Inc.' with an inaccurate B-number/date; GAO found the original citation inaccurate and the revised citation inapposite. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "事由：Adapt Forward, LLC", "description_zh": "律师出现在政府问责局面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“SRA Int’l, Inc.” B 号码/日期不准确； GAO 发现原始引文不准确，修改后的引文也不恰当。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Nia Elan Davis v. American Airlines, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1535/Davis_v._American_Airlines_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition (Doc. 35 at 4) cited a non-existent case; defendant flagged it as fictitious in reply and sought sanctions; plaintiff later filed a notice withdrawing the citation; court did not impose sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼亚·埃兰·戴维斯 (Nia Elan Davis) 诉美国航空 (American Airlines) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见（Doc. 35 at 4）引用了一个不存在的案例；被告在答复中将其标记为虚构并寻求制裁；原告后来提交了撤回传票的通知；法院没有实施制裁。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "In re: Social Media Adolescent Addiction Litigation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1604/Social_Media_Litigation_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Expert used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Deposition admission that some academic articles cited by Osborne do not exist; defendants attribute those citations to AI-generated fabrications; court noted plaintiffs said citations were corrected and declined to exclude the expert on that basis. Outcome: Court declined to exclude the expert based on the AI-generated/incorrect citations; issue reserved for cross-examination; motion to exclude denied..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于：社交媒体青少年成瘾诉讼", "description_zh": "专家在加州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。捏造：教义工作|作证承认奥斯本引用的一些学术文章并不存在；被告将这些引用归因于人工智能生成的捏造；法院指出，原告称引文已更正，并拒绝据此排除该专家。结果：法院基于人工智能生成/不正确的引文拒绝排除该专家；保留交叉询问的问题；排除动议被拒绝..", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court declined to exclude the expert based on the AI-generated/incorrect citations; issue reserved for cross-examination; motion to exclude denied.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "CHP 1010 McDowell et al. v. James Costello Turpen", "url": "/documents/1558/In_re_Jorge_Luis_Mier_Escobedo_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se defendant cited a non-existent case 'In re Raspanti, 414 B.R. 263 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2009)'; the Court identified the citation as fake and warned about AI-generated content and Rule 9011 compliance.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CHP 1010 麦克道尔等人。诉詹姆斯·科斯特洛·图尔彭", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 法院（破产）面前出庭。捏造：判例法|自辩被告引用了一个不存在的案件“In re Raspanti, 414 B.R.” 263（科罗拉多州银行家，2009 年）'；法院认定该引文是虚假的，并对人工智能生成的内容和 9011 规则的遵守提出警告。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "Alejandro Rios v. Puente Hills Ford", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1536/Rios_v._Puente_Hills_Ford_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. False Quotes: Case Law | Rios misquoted language from ten existing cases; the court found the quoted language appears nowhere in those decisions (including purported quotations from Osumi v. Sutton (2007) and Fiore v. Alvord (1985)). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚历杭德罗·里奥斯 v. Puente Hills Ford", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|里奥斯错误引用了十个现有案例中的语言；法院发现这些判决中没有出现所引用的语言（包括据称引用的 Osumi v. Sutton (2007) 和 Fiore v. Alvord (1985)）。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "G2 Ops, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1685/G2_Ops_Inc..pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel's filing included citations to non-existent case law; GAO observed these citations bore the hallmarks of AI/LLM use, warned that reliance on AI without verification wastes parties' and GAO's time, and advised that future submissions may lead to sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "G2 行动公司", "description_zh": "律师出现在政府问责局面前。捏造：判例法|律师提交的文件中引用了不存在的判例法； GAO 观察到这些引文带有人工智能/法学硕士使用的标志，警告说，在未经验证的情况下依赖人工智能会浪费当事人和 GAO 的时间，并建议未来提交的内容可能会导致制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Martha Liliana Picon-Diaz et al. v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "/documents/1517/Picon_Diaz_v._Bondi_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Tenth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel repeatedly cited and quoted a non-existent Tenth Circuit decision captioned 'Rodriguez-Romero v. Garland, 60 F.4th 1283 (10th Cir. 2023)'; the court found no such opinion and that the pincites pointed to unrelated cases (Wesley and Diaz-Menera), concluding the citat... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "玛莎·莉莉安娜·皮康-迪亚兹等人。诉帕梅拉·J·邦迪", "description_zh": "律师在加州第十巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|律师多次引用并援引一项不存在的第十巡回法院判决，标题为“Rodriguez-Romero v. Garland, 60 F.4th 1283 (10th Cir. 2023)”；法院没有发现这样的意见，并且 pincites 指向不相关的案件（Wesley 和 Diaz-Menera），从而得出结论......结果：警告。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "In re: Telexfree Securities Litigation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1530/In_re_Telexfree_Securities_Litigation.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found plaintiff misquoted Jensen v. Phillips Screw Co. and CQ Int'l Co. v. Rochem Int'l, Inc.; errors noted as part of broader pattern of erroneous citations. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于： Telexfree 证券诉讼", "description_zh": "律师在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现原告错误引用了 Jensen 诉 Phillips Screw Co. 和 CQ Int'l Co. 诉 Rochem Int'l, Inc. 案；错误被记录为更广泛的错误引用模式的一部分。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Landmark Development Group, LLC v. Lonnie LuPardus", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1525/Landmark_v._Lupardus_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Meadors v. Feltor\" for the same proposition; the court determined no Kansas report exists under that name and did not accept the authority. Outcome: Arguments deemed waived.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Landmark Development Group, LLC 诉 Lonnie LuPardus", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Kansas 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人针对同一主张引用了“Meadors v. Feltor”案；法院认定堪萨斯州不存在该名称下的报告，因此不接受该授权。结果：争论被视为放弃。", "court": "CA Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments deemed waived", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Lindsey Newell v. The Law Offices of Travis R. Walker, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1569/LINDSEY_NEWELL_Plaintiff_v_THE_LAW_OFFICES_OF_TRAVIS_R_WALKER_et_al_Defend.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | The defendants' original response contained an apparent AI-generated hallucination (incorrect/crafted case citation); the Court notified defendants and they withdrew the response.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lindsey Newell 诉 Travis R. Walker 律师事务所等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|被告的原始回应包含明显的人工智能生成的幻觉（不正确/精心设计的案例引用）；法院通知了被告，他们撤回了答复。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Creditors Adjustment Bureau, Inc. v. All Season Power LLC, et al.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/17/perhaps-due-to-the-asynchronous-thelma-and-louise-neither-side-requests-sanctions/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited a non-existent (phantom) case in its brief; counsel later admitted the citation was from a non-existent case produced by AI-assisted research and the court noted the error. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "债权人调整局诉 All Season Power LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告律师在案情摘要中引用了一个不存在的（虚拟）案件；律师后来承认该引文来自人工智能辅助研究产生的一个不存在的案件，法院注意到了这个错误。结果：警告。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Nydia Rosario v. Liberty Mutual Personal Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1531/NYDIA_ROSARIO_v_LIBERTY_MUTUAL_PERSONAL_INSURANCE_COMPANY.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Pennsylvania. Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel quoted Kiessling v. State Farm, citing language said to be from Santiago v. Warminster Twp.; court found the quoted language does not exist in Santiago and the attribution/misquote is inaccurate. Outcome: Obligation to share decision with firm.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nydia Rosario 诉 Liberty Mutual 个人保险公司", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。宾夕法尼亚州。歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了 Kiessling 诉 State Farm 案，援引了据说来自 Santiago 诉 Warminster Twp. 案的语言；法院认为圣地亚哥不存在所引用的语言，并且归属/错误引用不准确。结果：有义务与公司分享决策。", "court": "E.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Obligation to share decision with firm", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Merz v. City of Kalama", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1612/Merz_v_City_of_Kalama_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Merz relied on Caruso v. Local Union 690, 107 Wn.2d 524, 529-30 (1987) to support a 'per se' defamation assertion; court found the citation misleading because the cited pages do not contain the 'per se' language Merz attributed to it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梅尔茨诉卡拉马市", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法| Merz 依据 Caruso v. Local Union 690, 107 Wn.2d 524, 529-30 (1987) 来支持“本身”诽谤主张；法院认为该引用具有误导性，因为引用的页面不包含 Merz 所使用的“本身”语言。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "TQJ, LLC v. Jennifer Esquivel et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1500/TQJ_LLC_v_Jennifer_Esquivel_et_al.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation pointed to an unrelated case (United States v. De La Paz) and the purported Muller decision cited (43 F. Supp. 2d 372, 379 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)) could not be located as cited; an older unrelated Muller decision exists but does not support the proposition. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TQJ, LLC 诉 Jennifer Esquivel 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|引文指出了一个不相关的案件（United States v. De La Paz），并且无法按引用找到所谓的 Muller 判决（43 F. Supp. 2d 372, 379 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)）；存在一个较旧的、不相关的穆勒判决，但不支持该主张。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Seifert v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1516/Seifert_v._Nationstar_Mortgage_USA_12_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Idaho. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"McGinnis v. GMAC Mortg. Corp., 2013 WL 1282124 (D. Colo.)\"; court found 2013 WL 1282124 is an appellate brief from Washington and not that case, and noted the real McGinnis decision appears at 2010 WL 3418204 (D. Utah Aug. 27, 2010).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Seifert 诉 Nationstar Mortgage LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在爱达荷州联邦法院。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“McGinnis v. GMAC Mortg. Corp., 2013 WL 1282124 (D. Colo.)”；法院认定 2013 WL 1282124 是来自华盛顿的上诉摘要，而不是该案件，并指出真正的 McGinnis 判决出现在 2010 WL 3418204（犹他州民主党，2010 年 8 月 27 日）。", "court": "D. Idaho", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "City of Dickinson v. Helgeson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1620/City_of_Dickinson_v_Helgeson_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC North Dakota. Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined the cited State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2003 ND 28 657 N.W.2d 829 is a nonexistent authority in Helgeson's brief.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "迪金森市诉赫尔格森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在北达科他州 SC 上。捏造：判例法|法院认定，所引用的 State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Money, 2003 ND 28 657 N.W.2d 829 在 Helgeson 的摘要中不存在权威。", "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Virgil v. Experian Information Solutions, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1498/SETH_CAMERON_VIRGIL_Plaintiff_v_EXPERIAN_INFORMATION_SOLUTIONS_INC_et_al_D.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Myers v. Passport Health, 2013 WL 5819270 (S.D. Ind. Oct. 29, 2013); court found this citation does not exist. Outcome: Magistrate recommended Monetary Sanction and Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Virgil 诉 Experian Information Solutions 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法|律师引用了 Myers v. Passport Health，2013 WL 5819270（S.D. Ind. 2013 年 10 月 29 日）；法院认为该引文不存在。结果：地方法官建议进行金钱制裁和律师转介。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate recommended Monetary Sanction and Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Andre Legarza v. Northern Star (Alaska), Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1487/ANDRE_LEGARZA_Plaintiff_v_NORTHERN_STAR_ALASKA_INC_dba_NORTHERN_STAR_RES.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Alaska. Misrepresented: Case Law | One identified instance where the quoted language was accurate but belonged to a different case (misattribution of precedent).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Andre Legarza 诉 Northern Star (阿拉斯加), Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出现在阿拉斯加法院。歪曲事实：判例法|一个确定的实例中引用的语言是准确的，但属于不同的案例（先例的错误归因）。", "court": "D. Alaska", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "CVTEK, LLC (B-423943; B-423943.2)", "url": "/documents/1541/CVTEK_LLC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Westlaw CoCounsel in proceedings before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental protest included citations to decisions that could not be located or matched to the provided B-numbers/CPD citations; GAO was unable to find the cited authorities. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CVTEK, LLC（B-423943；B-423943.2）", "description_zh": "律师在政府问责局的诉讼中使用了 Westlaw 联合律师。捏造：判例法|补充抗议包括引用无法找到或与所提供的 B 编号/CPD 引用相匹配的决定； GAO 无法找到所引用的当局。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw CoCounsel", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "City of Dickinson v. Helgeson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1620/City_of_Dickinson_v_Helgeson_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC North Dakota. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'State ex rel. Olson v. City of Fargo, 250 N.W.2d 558 (N.D. 1977)' does not exist; court matched it to unrelated real reporters/titles and deemed it fictitious. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "迪金森市诉赫尔格森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在北达科他州 SC 上。捏造：判例法|法院认定“国家前关系”。 Olson 诉法戈市，250 N.W.2d 558 (N.D. 1977)”不存在；法院将其与不相关的真实记者/头衔进行匹配，并认为其是虚构的。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Flora Chumpitaz-Morales v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "/documents/1490/FLORA_CHUMPITAZ-MORALES_-_DSTC_Petitioners_v_PAMELA_J_BONDI_United_States_A.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Tenth Circuit. Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief appears to include citations that 'bear no relationship to the propositions for which they are cited,' suggesting possible fabricated case citations added by an AI product; government identified one problematic citation (not specified). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗洛拉·查姆皮塔兹-莫拉莱斯诉帕梅拉·J·邦迪", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第十巡回法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法| Brief似乎包含“与它们被引用的命题无关”的引文，这表明人工智能产品可能添加了捏造的案例引文；政府发现了一项有问题的引文（未具体说明）。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Keith Powell v. Employment Dep. & First Congregational Church of Portland", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1493/Keith_POWELL_Petitioner_v_EMPLOYMENT_DEPARTMENT_and_First_Congregational_C.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Briefs contained several citations to completely fabricated cases that could not be located in any Oregon law reporter or database; court found them nonexistent and declined to consider them. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基思·鲍威尔诉就业部& 波特兰第一公理会教堂", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Oregon 的诉讼中使用了 Unidentified。捏造：判例法|简报中多次引用了完全捏造的案件，这些案件在任何俄勒冈州法律记者或数据库中都找不到；法院认为它们不存在并拒绝考虑它们。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "CA Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Thomas Carl Dodds, Jr. v. Carrie Bridges", "url": "/documents/1499/THOMAS_CARL_DODDS_JR_Petitioner_-_Appellant_v_CARRIE_BRIDGES_Respondent_-_.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CA Tenth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Dodds cited 'United States v. Mateo, 476 F.3d 179, 184 (3d Cir. 2007)' for a proposition and quotation; the reporter pages actually correspond to unrelated cases (In re O'Lexa and Wishkin v. Potter) and do not support the cited proposition. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小托马斯·卡尔·多兹诉凯莉·布里奇斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第十巡回法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法| Dodds 引用了“United States v. Mateo, 476 F.3d 179, 184 (3d Cir. 2007)”作为主张和引用；记者页面实际上对应于不相关的案件（在 O'Lexa 和 Wishkin 诉 Potter 案中），并且不支持所引用的主张。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Labonte v. Bokf, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1492/JOSHUA_WARREN_LABONTE_Plaintiff_v_BOKF_NA_UNIVERSAL_LENDING_CORPORATION_MO.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Sterling v. Velsicol Chem. Corp. as '855 P.2d 1188' and as a Colorado court decision; the Court noted the correct reporter and that Sterling is 855 F.2d 1188 (Sixth Circuit), not a Colorado decision. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Labonte 诉 Bokf 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 Sterling 诉 Velsicol Chem 案。 Corp. 为“855 P.2d 1188”以及科罗拉多州法院的判决；法院指出了正确的报告者，并且斯特林是 855 F.2d 1188（第六巡回法院），而不是科罗拉多州的决定。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Matter of Zareh", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1816/Matter_of_Zareh.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained numerous citation errors, including internally inconsistent and unverifiable citations; District Court concluded some citations were AI-generated and could not be verified. Outcome: Respondent publicly censured.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "撒勒事件", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法| Brief 包含大量引用错误，包括内部不一致和无法验证的引用；地方法院得出结论，一些传票是人工智能生成的，无法核实。结果：受访者受到公开谴责。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Respondent publicly censured", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Tabitha Alberti v. District of Columbia", "url": "/documents/1478/Alberti_v._DC_USA_10_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Opposition contained citations to cases that do not exist and invented/incorrect quotations; court found brief \"riddled\" with fabricated citations and inaccurate references.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塔比莎·阿尔贝蒂诉哥伦比亚特区", "description_zh": "律师在 D. DC 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见包含对不存在的案例的引用以及捏造/不正确的引用；法院发现这份简短的引文“充满了捏造的引文和不准确的参考文献”。", "court": "D. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "United States v. Clint Travis Rodgers", "url": "/documents/1501/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_Plaintiff_v_2_CLINT_TRAVIS_RODGERS_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Missouri (Central Division). Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited decisions that granted release for medical conditions that are facially dissimilar to Defendant's conditions; Court found these distinguishable and not supportive. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉克林特·特拉维斯·罗杰斯", "description_zh": "律师在密苏里州西部地区法院（中央分部）出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引了因与被告的病情表面上不同的医疗状况而准予释放的判决；法院认为这些是有区别的并且不支持。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Missouri (Central Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Bettis v. Gaston", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1497/Robert_Bettis_Plaintiff_v_Sabrina_Gaston_Evelyn_Smith_Sarah_Melgarejo_Cath.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Dvorak v. Metropolitan Pier & Exposition Authority, 941 F.3d 936 (7th Cir. 2019)', which the court (as defendants pointed out) appears not to exist; court flagged this as an AI-style fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贝蒂斯诉加斯顿", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Dvorak v. Metropolitan Pier & Exposition Authority, 941 F.3d 936 (7th Cir. 2019)”，而法院（正如被告所指出的那样）似乎不存在；法院将此标记为人工智能风格的捏造引文。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Kusmin L. Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1484/Amarsingh_v._Frontier_Airlines.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CA Tenth Circuit. False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed propositions or quotations to a real case that did not contain the quoted language or stand for the cited proposition; court determined the attribution was inaccurate and resulted from AI output. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kusmin L. Amarsingh 诉 Frontier Airlines, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在加州第十巡回法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将命题或引用归因于真实案例，但不包含所引用的语言或代表所引用的命题；法院认定归因不准确，是人工智能输出的结果。结果：金钱制裁；酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Peter L. Clinco v. Commissioner", "url": "/documents/1474/Clinco_v._Commissionner.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the US Tax Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Cacchillo v. Commissioner, 130 T.C. 132 (2008)\" in support of a signature requirement; the Court found no such case at that citation and that the citation appears fabricated. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Peter L. Clinco 诉专员", "description_zh": "律师在美国税务法院出庭。捏造：判例法|律师援引“Cacchilo v. Commissioner, 130 T.C. 132 (2008)”来支持签名要求；法院在该传票中没有发现此类案件，并且该传票似乎是捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "US Tax Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Ave. Capital Group, LLC v. Strum", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1515/Ave_Capital_Group_LLC_v_Strum_uSA_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found counsel included a non-existent case citation in his memorandum and ordered show-cause re sanctions. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ave. Capital Group, LLC 诉 Strum", "description_zh": "律师在纽约 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院发现律师在其备忘录中引用了不存在的案件，并下令对其进行重新制裁。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Daniel James Cummins v. Moises Becerra", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1489/DANIEL_JAMES_CUMMINS_Petitioner_v_MOISES_BECERRA_et_al_Respondents.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply included a citation to 'Vuong' which, per petitioner's errata and the court, does not appear in publicly available legal databases and was identified as erroneous. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丹尼尔·詹姆斯·康明斯 v. 莫伊塞斯·贝塞拉", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告的答复包括对“Vuong”的引用，根据原告的勘误表和法院，该词并未出现在公开的法律数据库中，因此被认定为错误。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Nelson L. Bruce v. The United States", "url": "/documents/1508/Nelson_L_Bruce_Plaintiff_v_The_United_States_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. South Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed plaintiff submitted nonexistent or inaccurate legal authority consistent with AI-generated 'hallucinated' cases Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纳尔逊·布鲁斯诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在南卡罗来纳州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|法院观察到原告提交的法律权威不存在或不准确，与人工智能生成的“幻觉”案件一致结果：警告。", "court": "D. South Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Valve Corporation v. Rothschild et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1571/Valve_Corporation_v_Rothschild.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Washington. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Defendants relied on Mukhtar without acknowledging it was subsequently overruled by later Ninth Circuit authority; plaintiff notes the failure to acknowledge overruling. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Valve Corporation 诉 Rothschild 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在 W.D. Washington 面前。过时的建议：推翻判例法|被告依赖穆赫塔尔的裁决，但不承认该裁决随后被后来的第九巡回法院当局否决；原告指出未能承认否决。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "[Plaintiff] v. Webb Chevrolet, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1475/Palsen_v._Chevrolet_USA_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Illinois. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quote to Fox v. Heiman that does not appear in that opinion; court noted Fox does not mention section 2-619 or contain the quoted language. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "[原告] 诉 Webb Chevrolet, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告在《福克斯诉海曼案》中引用了一段具体的引述，但该引述并未出现在该意见中；法院指出 Fox 没有提及第 2-619 条或包含引用的语言。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (3)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1510/NONNIE_BERG_Plaintiff_v_UNITED_AIRLINES_INC_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion for Extension cited a nonexistent Ninth Circuit case titled 'Kelley v. United States' with a fabricated reporter citation. Outcome: Filing restriction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (3)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|原告的延期动议引用了一个不存在的第九巡回法院案件，名为“凯利诉美国”，并附有捏造的记者引文。结果：备案限制。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Filing restriction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "David Angel Sifuentes, III v. Capital One", "url": "/documents/1502/DAVID_ANGEL_SIFUENTES_III_Plaintiff_-_Appellant_v_CAPITAL_ONE_Defendant_-_.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA, Tenth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Sifuentes cited a 2008 D.C. case titled \"In re Search of a Nextel Cellular Telephone\" that does not exist; the court found the authority fabricated and not supportive of his proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大卫·安杰尔·西富恩特斯三世诉第一资本", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第十巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法| Sifuentes 引用了 2008 年华盛顿特区的一个名为“重新搜索 Nextel 蜂窝电话”的案例，该案例并不存在；法院认为当局捏造事实，不支持他的主张。", "court": "CA, Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "Ravi Kadiyala v. Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1512/RAVI_KADIYALA_Plaintiff_v_SHELLPOINT_MORTGAGE_SERVICING_DIRECTORS_MORTGAG.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's filing cited a non-existent opinion; the court found the citation did not exist, inferred AI use, and warned of possible Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ravi Kadiyala 诉 Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的文件引用了不存在的意见；法院发现该传票不存在，推断使用了人工智能，并警告可能实施规则 11 制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "Raul Gonzales Davila v. Roblen", "url": "/documents/1511/RAUL_GONZALES_DAVILA_Plaintiff_v_ROBLEN_LLC_fdba_VICOLO_PIZZA_RESTAURANT_a.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the United States District Court, D. Connecticut. False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed a quotation to Pineda v. Frisolino that does not appear in that opinion; Court found the quoted language absent and that counsel relied on the false quote to support FLSA individual coverage. Outcome: CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "劳尔·冈萨雷斯·达维拉诉罗布伦", "description_zh": "律师在美国康涅狄格州地方法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。虚假引述：判例法| Brief 引用了 Pineda v. Frisolino 的引述，但该引述并未出现在该意见中；法院发现所引用的语言不存在，并且律师依赖虚假引用来支持 FLSA 个人承保范围。结果：CLE。", "court": "United States District Court, D. Connecticut", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "Mutugu v. Kiaraho", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1507/Mutugu_v_Kiaraho.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | The court determined Father cited five legal authorities that do not exist in total (multiple likely AI-generated cases cited in the brief).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "穆图古诉基亚拉霍案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院认定，父亲引用的五个法律权威总共并不存在（摘要中引用了多个可能由人工智能生成的案例）。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2026", "title": "State v. Garrett", "url": "https://wcca.wicourts.gov/caseDetail.html?caseNo=2023CF001060&countyNo=30&index=0&mode=details", "description": "Prosecutor appeared before the CC Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Case dismissed without prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州诉加勒特案", "description_zh": "检察官在威斯康星州 CC 面前出庭。捏造：判例法结果：案件在没有偏见的情况下被驳回。", "court": "CC Wisconsin", "party": "Prosecutor", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed without prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "Woodward Harbor L.L.C., et al. v. City of Mandeville", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1600/Woodward_Harbor_LLC_et_al_v_City_of_Mandeville_et_al__laedce-23-05824__0117.0.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case 'Wood v. City of Utica' to support a legal proposition; the Court found no such case at the cited reporter and concluded the citation was fabricated. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伍德沃德港有限责任公司等。 v. 曼德维尔市", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。路易斯安那州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“伍德诉尤蒂卡市”来支持法律主张；法院在被引述的记者身上没有发现此类情况，并得出结论，引文是捏造的。结果：金钱制裁；克莱。", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "Arkansas DHS v. April Ward and Minor Child Respondents", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1458/Arkansas_DHS_v._April_Ward_USA_5_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Copilot in proceedings before the SC Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited cases that the court could not locate; court concluded citations may be fabricated and declined to cite them. Outcome: Report to Office of Professional Conduct and Counsel dismissal.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿肯色州国土安全部诉阿普里尔沃德和未成年儿童被告", "description_zh": "律师在阿肯色州 SC 的诉讼中使用了 Copilot。捏造：判例法|简要列举法院无法查明的案例；法院得出结论，引文可能是捏造的，因此拒绝引用它们。结果：向专业行为办公室报告并解雇律师。", "court": "SC Arkansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "Report to Office of Professional Conduct and Counsel dismissal", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "In re: Snowflake, Inc., Data Security Breach Litigation", "url": "/documents/1504/IN_RE_SNOWFLAKE_INC_DATA_SECURITY_BREACH_LITIGATION.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the J.P.M.L.. Fabricated: Case Law | Panel identified this citation in the plaintiff's brief as apparently fabricated and not an actual JPML decision. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：Snowflake, Inc.，数据安全违规诉讼", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 J.P.M.L.. 捏造：判例法 |专家组认为原告陈述中的这一引文显然是捏造的，而不是 JPML 的实际决定。结果：警告。", "court": "J.P.M.L.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "Flycatcher v. Affable Avenue", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1460/Flycatcher_v._Affable_Avenue_USA_5_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used NotebookLM; vLex; Paxton AI in proceedings before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Affable's motion to dismiss included numerous non-existent case citations generated by AI; Opposing counsel identified at least 13 fabricated cases and the Court found 14 of 60 citations to be fake. Outcome: Brief Struck; Default Judgment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Flycatcher 诉 Affable Avenue", "description_zh": "律师使用NotebookLM； vLex； Paxton AI 在 S.D. 的诉讼中纽约。捏造：判例法| Affable 的驳回动议包含大量由人工智能生成的不存在的案例引用；对方律师指出了至少 13 个捏造的案件，法院发现 60 份引文中有 14 份是伪造的。结果：短暂击中；缺席判决。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "NotebookLM; vLex; Paxton AI", "outcome": "Brief Struck; Default Judgment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Sophia Madigan v. Graco Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1472/Sophia_Madigan_v_Graco_Inc_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Minnesota. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"LaPoint v. Family Orthodontics, P.A., 2020 WL 6118773 (D. Minn. Oct. 16, 2020)\" for a point about HR treating a doctor's note as optional; the court found the decision at that citation is an unrelated SEC case and the Minnesota Supreme Court LaPoint decisio... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "索菲亚·马迪根诉固瑞克公司", "description_zh": "律师在明尼苏达州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“LaPoint v. Family Orthodontics, P.A., 2020 WL 6118773 (D. Minn. Oct. 16, 2020)”来说明 HR 将医生证明视为可选的观点；法院认为该传票中的判决与 SEC 案件无关，并且明尼苏达州最高法院 LaPoint 判决...结果：警告。", "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Sebastian Rako v. VMware LLC (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1471/Rako_v._WMWare_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff (pro se) previously cited non-existent/fictitious cases in filings; VMware asserted those citations were likely AI-hallucinated and the Court warned against filing such fabricated case citations. Outcome: Required meet-and-confer for AI-use disputes.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sebastian Rako 诉 VMware LLC (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告（本人）之前在备案文件中引用了不存在/虚构的案件； VMware 声称这些传票很可能是人工智能的幻觉，法院警告不要提交此类捏造的案件传票。结果：需要就人工智能使用争议进行会面协商。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Required meet-and-confer for AI-use disputes", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Joann LeDoux v. Outliers, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1469/Ledoux_v._Outliers_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent state-court decision, \"Berg v. Chevrolet Motor Div., 84 Wn.2d 102, 108, 524 P.2d 226 (1974)\"; court identified this citation as nonexistent and noted the correct authority was Baughn v. Honda Motor Co. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joann LeDoux 诉 Outliers, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出现在 W.D. Washington 面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的州法院裁决，“Berg v. Chevrolet Motor Div., 84 Wn.2d 102, 108, 524 P.2d 226 (1974)”；法院认为该传票不存在，并指出正确的权威是 Baughn 诉本田汽车公司。结果：说明原因的命令。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "In re the Matter of: Abius Rosas Carreon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1468/In_re_Carreon_v._Rosas_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Court found Father's brief contained fabricated quotations attributed to cited cases; quotations were not supported by the authorities. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于以下问题：Abius Rosas Carreon", "description_zh": "律师在加州亚利桑那州出庭。虚假引述：判例法|法院发现父亲的陈述中包含伪造的引用案例的引文；报价并未得到当局的支持。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button & Dusty Button v. Sigrid McCawley", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1456/Button_v._Mccawley_USA_4_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited In re: Marriage of Smith, 195 Cal. App. 4th 1007, 1018 (2011), which the court identified as a non-existent authority as presented. Outcome: Show Cause Order; Order to certify review of citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "米切尔·泰勒·巴顿 & 达斯蒂·巴顿诉西格丽德·麦考利", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告在《史密斯的婚姻》中引用了这一点，195 Cal。应用程序。 4th 1007, 1018 (2011)，法院将其认定为不存在的权威。结果：显示原因命令；命令证明引文审查。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order; Order to certify review of citations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Ericka Holmes v. The University of Texas at Austin", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1467/Holmes_v._Texas_U_Austin_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent Fifth Circuit case 'Harris v. City of Houston (5th Cir. 2022)' to support an 'age-specific references' standard; court found the case does not exist and labeled it a hallucinated case. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃里卡·霍姆斯诉德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|律师引用了一个不存在的第五巡回法院案件“哈里斯诉休斯顿市（第五巡回法院，2022 年）”来支持“特定年龄参考”标准；法院认定此案不存在，并将其标记为幻觉案件。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2026", "title": "Offen Petroleum v. L&J Express", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1470/Offen_Petroleum_LLC_v_LAndJ_Express_LLC_et_al_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cites a nonexistent case (case cited does not exist). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥芬石油公司诉 L&J Express", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|动议引用了一个不存在的案例（所引用的案例不存在）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "1S REO Opportunity 1, LLC v. 223 Howard LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1555/1_Reo_opportunity_v._Howard_USA_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Gustavia Home, LLC v. Rice, 2020 WL 4917915 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 21, 2020), a Westlaw citation that does not exist; the number corresponds to Durrett v. IKO Indus., Inc. (Ky. Ct. App.), and the actual Gustavia Rice decision cited by court is 2016 WL 6683473 which ...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "1S REO 机会 1, LLC 诉 223 Howard LLC", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Gustavia Home, LLC v. Rice, 2020 WL 4917915（E.D.N.Y. 2020 年 8 月 21 日），这是一项不存在的 Westlaw 引证；该编号对应于 Durrett v. IKO Indus., Inc. (Ky. Ct. App.)，法院引用的实际 Gustavia Rice 判决是 2016 WL 6683473，其中...", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Kizzie Sims & Estate of Gregory Neil Davis v. Board of County Commissioners", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1453/Sims_v._Board_USA_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Oklahoma. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found one \"misstatement\"", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kizzie Sims 和 Gregory Neil Davis 遗产委员会诉县专员委员会案", "description_zh": "律师在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现一项“错误陈述”", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Azad Alamgir Kabir v. WebMD", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1463/Kabir_v._Webmd_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case (Fairfield Indus. v. EP Energy); the court identified it as a hallucinated citation, treated it as invalid, and warned of possible sanctions for such citations. Outcome: Struck filings; warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿扎德·阿拉姆吉尔·卡比尔诉 WebMD", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例（Fairfield Indus. v. EP Energy）；法院将其认定为幻觉传票，将其视为无效，并警告可能对此类传票进行制裁。结果：文件被击中；警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings; warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Lexos Media IP, LLC v. Overstock.com, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1438/Lexos_v._Overstock_USA_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Kansas. False Quotes: Case Law | Court determined Lexos attributed language to Baldwin Graphic Systems that does not appear in that opinion (quotation fabricated). Outcome: Brief struck, monetary sanction, firm compliance.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lexos Media IP, LLC 诉 Overstock.com, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在堪萨斯州 D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假引述：判例法|法院认定 Lexos 归咎于 Baldwin Graphic Systems 的语言并未出现在该意见中（引文捏造）。结果：简短的敲定、金钱制裁、坚决遵守。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Brief struck, monetary sanction, firm compliance", "monetary_penalty": "12000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Yang v. University of Minnesota", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1532/Yang_v_University_of_Minnesota.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Minnesota. Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杨诉明尼苏达大学", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州加州法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法", "court": "CA Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Emmanuel S. Yirenkyi v. Angela Hoover", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1447/Yirenkyi_v._Hoover_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Frederick v. Warden, 2019 WL 1318445 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2019)' to support that 8–10 months detention requires release; court found no such Middle District of Pennsylvania decision and labeled it an AI-generated legal hallucination.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊曼纽尔·伊伦基诉安吉拉·胡佛", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|请愿人援引“Frederick v. Warden, 2019 WL 1318445 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2019)”来支持 8-10 个月的拘留需要释放；法院认为宾夕法尼亚中区没有这样的决定，并将其标记为人工智能生成的法律幻觉。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Nantomah et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1445/SEC_v._Nantoma_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Goldberg v. 401 North Washakie Venture LLC, 155 F.3d 465 (7th Cir. 2014)'; court found the citation incorrect/nonexistent and noted 155 F.3d 465 corresponds to Condon v. Reno; court located a different Seventh Circuit Goldberg decision at 755 F.3d 456. Outcome: Brief Struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SEC 诉 Joseph Nantomah 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。威斯康星州。捏造：判例法|引用“Goldberg v. 401 North Washakie Venture LLC, 155 F.3d 465 (7th Cir. 2014)”；法院认定该引文不正确/不存在，并指出 155 F.3d 465 对应于 Condon v. Reno；法院在 755 F.3d 456 中找到了第七巡回法院 Goldberg 的不同判决。结果：短暂中止。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Stephen Schaaf v. Nellis Auction Holdings, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1444/Schaff_v._Nellis_Auction_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Stephen Schaaf 诉 Nellis Auction Holdings, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Wilcox v. Gingrinch", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1446/Wilcox_v_Gingrinch_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Reed v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1186 (Ind. 2004)' does not exist and the citation actually corresponds to an unrelated utility case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威尔科克斯诉金格林奇案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院认定“Reed v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1186 (Ind. 2004)”并不存在，并且该引文实际上对应于一个不相关的公用事业案件。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Theoda E. Mills, Jr. v. City of St. Louis, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1442/Mills_v._City_of_St_Louis_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff falsely claimed this Court appointed counsel to the pro se plaintiff in another case (a factual misrepresentation about case proceedings). Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice as a Rule 11 sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Theoda E. Mills, Jr. 诉圣路易斯市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密苏里州。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |原告谎称本法院在另一起案件中为自诉原告指定了律师（对案件程序的事实不实陈述）。结果：根据规则 11 的制裁，案件被驳回，但有偏见。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice as a Rule 11 sanction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Dana Serine Greene v. GSK PLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1431/DANA_SERINE_GREENE_Plaintiff_v_GSK_PLC_fka_GlaxoSmithKline_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Brockmeyer v. May but the authority does not support the proposition or contain the quoted text; court identified it among inaccurate/misused citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "达纳·瑟琳·格林 (Dana Serine Greene) 诉葛兰素史克 (GSK) PLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Brockmeyer v. May，但权威机构不支持该主张或包含引用的文本；法院将其认定为不准确/误用的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Ava Naeini v. Confluent Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1430/AVA_NAEINI_Plaintiff_and_Appellant_v_CONFLUENT_INC_Defendant_and_Responden.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 638'; the court found the citation is not valid and was unable to locate the purported authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ava Naeini 诉 Confluence Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 638”；法院认为该传票无效，并且无法找到所谓的权威。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Gregory Hardy v. Genesee County Community Action Resource Department, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1433/GREGORY_HARDY_Plaintiff_v_GENESSE_COUNTY_COMMUNITY_ACTION_RESOURCE_DEPARTM.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case in his brief; the court identified the citation as fake and noted it among AI-generated phantom cases in the filing. Outcome: Two reply briefs stricken; warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "格雷戈里·哈迪诉杰纳西县社区行动资源部等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告在其案情摘要中引用了此案；法院认定该引文是假的，并在文件中将其列为人工智能生成的虚拟案件之一。结果：两份回复简报遭到破坏；警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Two reply briefs stricken; warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Matter of: Bramstedt Surgical Inc.", "url": "/documents/1425/Bramstedt_Surgical_Inc_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a non-existent decision combination (party name, B-number, and date) that GAO could not locate. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "事由： Bramstedt Surgical Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出现在政府问责局面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 GAO 无法找到的不存在的决策组合（政党名称、B 号码和日期）。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Abybatou Mbow v. Officer Michael Mackert et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1420/Mbow_v._Mackert_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent decision as \"Bush v. Lucas, 598 F. Supp. 3d 303, 316 (D. Md. 2022)\"; Court found no such case at that citation and noted the closest match is a different 5th Circuit opinion. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Abybatou Mbow 诉 Michael Mackert 警官等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。捏造：判例法|律师引用了一项不存在的裁决“Bush v. Lucas, 598 F. Supp. 3d 303, 316 (D. Md. 2022)”；法院在该传票中没有发现此类案件，并指出最接近的匹配是第五巡回法院的不同意见。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Life Together Coaching, LLC", "url": "/documents/1423/Life_Together_Coaching_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a non-existent GAO decision 'Rotech Healthcare Inc., B-414551 (2017)'; GAO could not locate a decision matching that B-number or party. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生活在一起辅导有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了一项不存在的 GAO 决定“Rotech Healthcare Inc.，B-414551 (2017)”； GAO 无法找到与该 B 号码或政党相匹配的决策。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1421/Berg_v._United_Airlines_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted plaintiff's Motion to Compel contained citations to a seemingly nonexistent case referred to as \"Hernandez\" (pages 6 and 8 of the motion). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院注意到原告的强制动议包含对一个名为“Hernandez”的看似不存在的案件的引用（动议第 6 页和第 8 页）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Cassata v. Michael Macrina Architect, P.C.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1440/Cassata_v._Macrina_Architects_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New York. Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Becker v Elm Air Conditioning Corp., 143 AD2d 965, 966 (2nd Dep't 1988) for a proposition the case does not support; court found mischaracterization of the holding. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Brief struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cassata 诉 Michael Macrina 建筑师，P.C.", "description_zh": "律师在纽约 SC 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用 Becker v Elm Air Conditioning Corp., 143 AD2d 965, 966 (2nd Dep't 1988) 来说明本案不支持的主张；法院认定该资产的描述有误。结果：金钱制裁；短暂的打击。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Brief struck", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Ihor Chopko v. Fidelity National Title Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1414/IHOR_CHOPKO_PlaintiffAppellant_v_FIDELITY_NATIONAL_TITLE_INSURANCE_COMPANY.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple fabricated quotations in appellant's briefs and described them as unsupported or false. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ihor Chopko 诉 Fidelity National Title Insurance Company", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州亚利桑那州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院在上诉人的案情摘要中发现了多处捏造的引文，并将其描述为没有证据支持或虚假的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Nelson Henry v. Joseph Iannone and James Deacetis", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1419/Henry_v._Iannone__Deacetis_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted a passage attributed to Sims v. Metro. Dade Cnty. that the court found does not appear in that opinion and was used to argue summary-judgment standards regarding video evidence.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纳尔逊·亨利诉约瑟夫·伊安诺和詹姆斯·迪塞蒂斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Sims 诉 Metro 案中的一段话。大德县。法院认定的这一点并未出现在该意见中，并被用来争论有关视频证据的简易判决标准。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2026", "title": "Brian Bailey v. Hon. Clark A. Ritchie, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1411/BRIAN_BAILEY_Plaintiff_v_HON_CLARK_A_RITCHIE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | State court observed plaintiff's filings contained citations to nonexistent authorities; federal court noted this suspicion of AI-generated, fabricated citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布莱恩·贝利 (Brian Bailey) 诉 Hon.克拉克·A·里奇等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|州法院发现原告的文件中引用了不存在的权威机构；联邦法院注意到了人工智能生成的伪造引文的嫌疑。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Lifetime Well LLC v. IBSpot.com Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1398/Lifetime_v._IBSpot_USA_26_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Lexis+ AI; LexisNexis Protégé in proceedings before the E.D. Pennsylvania. False Quotes: Case Law | Motion included an alleged quotation that does not appear in the cited opinion; opposing counsel flagged the nonexistent quote from a Pennsylvania case. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Order to share opinion with Professional Association.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lifetime Well LLC 诉 IBSpot.com Inc.", "description_zh": "律师使用Lexis+ AI； LexisNexis Protégé 在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中宾夕法尼亚州。虚假引述：判例法|动议包含了未出现在所引用意见中的所谓引述；对方律师标记了宾夕法尼亚州案件中不存在的引述。结果：金钱制裁；命令与专业协会分享意见。", "court": "E.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis+ AI; LexisNexis Protégé", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Order to share opinion with Professional Association", "monetary_penalty": "4000", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Farag v. Persante et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1412/IBRAHIM_SHEHATTA_GERGES_FARAG_Plaintiff_v_ROBERT_PERSANTE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Holt v. Crown Builders, Inc., 627 So.2d 1221 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)'; court found this authority does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法拉格诉佩尔桑特等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Holt v. Crown Builders, Inc., 627 So.2d 1221 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)”；法院认为这一权力并不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "Ralph J. Massetti, Jr. v. Greenspring Capital Management, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1496/RALPH_J_MASSETTI_JR_Plaintiff_v_GREENSPRING_CAPITAL_MANAGEMENT_LLC_et_al_D.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint cited legal authorities the Court was unable to locate, suggesting the authorities do not exist or were miscited; Greenspring identified these nonexistent citations in its motion.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ralph J. Massetti, Jr. 诉 Greenspring Capital Management, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告的第二次修订诉状引用了法院无法找到的法律权威，表明这些权威不存在或被错误引用；格林斯普林在其动议中指出了这些不存在的引文。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2026", "title": "MacroCharts Research LLC v. Tony Chou", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1415/MACROCHARTS_RESEARCH_LLC_Plaintiff_v_TONY_CHOU_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Chou's opposition contained nonexistent legal authorities; Plaintiff identified the 'nonexistent' or 'hallucinated' citations and Chou subsequently filed an errata removing them. The Court called the citations 'nonexistent' but declined sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MacroCharts Research LLC 诉 Tony Chou", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|周的反对包含不存在的法律权威；原告指出了“不存在”或“幻觉”的引文，周随后提交了勘误表将其删除。法院称这些传票“不存在”，但拒绝制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Dennis Thornton v. Flathead County, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1377/Thornton_v._Flathead_County_USA_23_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Montana. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants identified 'Younger v. City of Seattle, 70 F.4th 1099, 1107 (9th Cir. 2023)' as a nonexistent Ninth Circuit citation; 70 F.4th 1099 corresponds to an unrelated Eighth Circuit case and no Ninth Circuit case with that title appears to exist. Outcome: Order to file conventional hard-copy source documents for every cited authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丹尼斯·桑顿诉弗拉特黑德县等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在蒙大拿州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告将“Younger v. City of Seattle, 70 F.4th 1099, 1107 (9th Cir. 2023)”认定为不存在的第九巡回法院传票； 70 F.4th 1099 对应于一个不相关的第八巡回法院案件，并且似乎不存在具有该标题的第九巡回法院案件。结果：命令为每个引用的权威机构提交传统的硬拷贝源文件。", "court": "D. Montana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to file conventional hard-copy source documents for every cited authority", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Ann K. Cady, Beth L. Corning, and Caron G. Roesler v. Matthew C. O'Malley", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1410/Ann_K_Cady_Beth_L_Corning_and_Caron_G_Roesler_Plaintiffs-Respondents_v_Mat_x4AhovX.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's briefs included citations to legal authorities that do not exist; respondents pointed these out and the court noted the fabricated citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ann K. Cady、Beth L. Corning 和 Caron G. Roesler 诉 Matthew C. O'Malley", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在威斯康星州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了不存在的法律权威；受访者指出了这些，法院注意到了捏造的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Future Field Solutions, LLC v. Van Norstrand", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1461/Future_Field_Solutions_LLC_v_Van_Norstrand_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply mischaracterized the pleadings by stating 'Count III of the Counterclaim principally seeks...equitable relief,' while the court observed Count III principally sought compensatory damages.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Future Field Solutions, LLC 诉 Van Norstrand", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 | 《答复》错误地描述了诉状，称“反诉第三项主要寻求……公平救济”，而法院认为第三项主要寻求损害赔偿。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Femhealth USA Carafem v. Rickey Nelson Williams", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1378/Femhealth_v._Williams_USA_23_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Defendants included fabricated statutory language in their response; the Court identified it as fabricated, struck those portions, and refused to consider them. Outcome: Arguments Struck; Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国女性健康 Carafem 诉 Rickey Nelson Williams", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在田纳西州医学博士面前。捏造：法律规范|被告在其答复中包含捏造的法定语言；法院认定该文件是捏造的，删除了这些部分，并拒绝考虑它们。结果：争论得到解决；警告。", "court": "M.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments Struck; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "United States v. Michael Shane DeBaere (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1417/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_MICHAEL_SHANE_DEBAERE_Fig3lCw.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. False Quotes: Case Law | Lengthy quotation attributed to United States v. Melvin (3d Cir.) that does not appear in that opinion; court found the quoted material absent from Melvin. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉迈克尔·谢恩·德贝尔 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|引用 United States v. Melvin (3d Cir.) 的冗长引文并未出现在该意见中；法院认定梅尔文不存在所引用的材料。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Future Field Solutions v. Nordstrand", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1393/FUTURE_FIELD_SOLUTIONS_LLC_et_al_v_ERIK_VAN_NORSTRAND.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply contained inaccurate timeline/factual assertions about when alleged actions occurred (court identified timing errors). Outcome: No Sanctions at this time.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Future Field Solutions 诉 Nordstrand", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |回复包含有关所指控行为何时发生的不准确的时间表/事实断言（法院认定的时间错误）。结果：目前没有制裁。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No Sanctions at this time", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Mykhal Lloyd Polite v. TitleMax of Arizona", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1387/Mykhal_Lloyd_Polite_Plaintiff_v_TitleMax_of_Arizona_Incorporated_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mykhal Lloyd Polite 诉亚利桑那州 TitleMax", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "McNeal v. United Food and Commercial Workers Local 555; Safeway, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1375/Mcneal_v._United_Food_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent appellate decision 'Frey v. [ODOC], 204 P.3d 135 (Or. Ct. App. 2009)'; opposing counsel flagged the citation and the court explicitly warned the plaintiff that the opinion appears fabricated and may have been generated by AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦克尼尔诉联合食品和商业工人本地 555；西夫韦公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的上诉裁决“Frey v. [ODOC], 204 P.3d 135 (Or. Ct. App. 2009)”；对方律师标记了该传票，法院明确警告原告，该意见似乎是捏造的，可能是由人工智能生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Tolbert v. State", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1374/Tolbert_v._the_State_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Georgia. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Counsel relied on Laney for the proposition that a jury must be instructed on particular 'forcible felony,' but the Court noted Laney has been long overruled; citing it without caution was misleading. Outcome: Counsel to serve opinion on client and State Bar; CLE; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托尔伯特诉州政府案", "description_zh": "律师在佐治亚州加州法院出庭。过时的建议：推翻判例法|律师依赖莱尼的主张，即陪审团必须接受特定“强迫重罪”的指导，但法院指出莱尼的主张早已被否决；不谨慎地引用它会产生误导。结果：律师向客户和州律师协会提供意见；语言学习；酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel to serve opinion on client and State Bar; CLE; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "That Xiong v. Minga Wofford", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1416/THAT_XIONG_Petitioner_v_MINGA_WOFFORD_Respondent.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply cited 'Phan v. Barr, No. 1:19-cv-01451, 2019 WL 7758773 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2019)', which the Court identified as an incorrect/nonexistent citation; petitioner later admitted error and submitted a different, real 'Phan' citation. Outcome: Order to inform client and staff of errors.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "That Xiong 诉 Minga Wofford", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|请愿人的答复引用了“Phan v. Barr, No. 1:19-cv-01451, 2019 WL 7758773 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2019)”，法院认为该引用不正确/不存在；请愿人后来承认错误并提交了另一份真实的“Phan”引文。结果：命令告知客户和员工错误。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to inform client and staff of errors", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Sidni Campbell v. John Campbell, Jr.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1373/Campbell_v._Campbell_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Daren cited cases that do not appear to exist; court observed fabricated case citations in his motions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "西德尼·坎贝尔诉小约翰·坎贝尔", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|达人列举了看似不存在的案例；法院注意到他的动议中捏造了案件引文。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "William Parker v. Patrick \"Pat\" Labat, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1483/Parker_v._Labat_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found a cited case does not exist and counsel cited it as Eleventh Circuit authority. Outcome: CLE; Sworn statement.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威廉·帕克诉帕特里克·“帕特”·拉巴特等人。", "description_zh": "律师在佐治亚州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|法院发现所引用的案件不存在，律师将其引用为第十一巡回法院的权威。结果：CLE；宣誓声明。", "court": "N.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE; Sworn statement", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Solomon A. Jones v. Kankakee County Sheriff's Department, et al.", "url": "/documents/1367/Jones_v._Kankakee_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Seventh Circuit CA. False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's reply brief attributed a quotation to a reported case, but the court found the quoted language does not appear in that case and described it as a non-existent quotation suggestive of an AI hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "所罗门·琼斯 (Solomon A. Jones) 诉坎卡基县治安部门等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第七巡回法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|上诉人的答复摘要将引述归因于所报告的案件，但法院发现所引用的语言并未出现在该案件中，并将其描述为暗示人工智能幻觉的不存在的引述。结果：警告。", "court": "Seventh Circuit CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Kaufman v. Upton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1376/Kaufman_v._Upton_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Massachusetts. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found plaintiff's filings contained AI-generated citations to nonexistent authority; counsel attributed them to a version-control/clerical error and did not explain AI use; court treated them as false authority warranting referral. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "考夫曼诉厄普顿案", "description_zh": "律师在马萨诸塞州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院发现原告的文件包含人工智能生成的对不存在权威的引用；律师将其归因于版本控制/书写错误，并且没有解释人工智能的使用；法院将他们视为需要移交的虚假权威。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Volesky v. Department of Child Safety", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1418/Volesky_v_Department_of_Child_Safety.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Dependency of D.F.-M., 236 Ariz. 33, 36 (App. 2014)'; the court explained the name corresponds to a Washington juvenile case (157 Wash.App.179) while the Arizona reporter citation refers to an unrelated Arizona criminal case (State v. Flores), conclud...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沃莱斯基诉儿童安全部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州亚利桑那州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“In re Dependency of D.F.-M., 236 Ariz. 33, 36 (App. 2014)”；法院解释说，该名称对应于华盛顿青少年案件 (157 Wash.App.179)，而亚利桑那州记者引文则指的是不相关的亚利桑那州刑事案件 (State v. Flores)，结论是……", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Mary Stephens v. Helena-West Helena School District", "url": "/documents/1371/Stephens_v._Helena_West_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Arkansas (Delta Division). Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case K.H. v. Northside Indep. Sch. Dist.; the Court identified it as a phantom citation and ordered an explanation. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "玛丽·斯蒂芬斯诉海伦娜-西海伦娜学区", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。阿肯色州（三角洲分区）。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例 K.H.诉北区独立党。施。距离；法院将其认定为虚假传票，并下令作出解释。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "E.D. Arkansas (Delta Division)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Peter J. Allsot, as next friend of B.P.L.A. v. Naseem Latif", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1369/Allsot_v._Latif_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited M.S. ex rel. S.S. v. Wermers, 74 F.3d 857 (8th Cir. 1996); the Court determined the citation appears incorrect or that the case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Peter J. Allsot，B.P.L.A. 的下一个朋友诉纳西姆·拉蒂夫", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告援引了 M.S.前关系。 S.S. 诉 Wermers，74 F.3d 857（第 8 巡回法院，1996 年）；法院认定该引文似乎不正确或该案件不存在。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button et al. v. John Jimison (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1379/Button_v._Jimison_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a Sixth Circuit case for the proposition courts may strike 'entire documents where scandalous or irrelevant matter dominates'; the court was unable to locate that case. Outcome: Struck filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "米切尔·泰勒·巴顿等人。诉约翰·吉米森 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了第六巡回法院的一个案件，主张法院可能会删除“丑闻或不相关事项占主导地位的整个文件”；法院无法找到该案。结果：文件被击中。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Yue v. Reaction Labs, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1370/Yue_v._Reaction_Labs_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Texas. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified Lup's citation to Cummins-Allison Corp. v. SBM Co., No. 9:07-cv-196, 2009 WL 763926, at *10 as impossible because the cited order exists but is only eight pages long, making a page *10 citation incorrect. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yue 诉 Reaction Labs, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 W.D. 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为 Lup 对 Cummins-Allison Corp. v. SBM Co., No. 9:07-cv-196, 2009 WL 763926，*10 的引用是不可能的，因为引用的命令存在，但只有八页长，使得页 *10 引用不正确。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Oluronke Briana Adusei v. Colleen Auer, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1372/Adusei_v._Auer_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a cited authority 'Blessinger v. DPS' in support of a Title VI argument; the Court stated it was unable to locate the case and deemed the citation erroneous. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Oluronke Briana Adusei 诉 Colleen Auer 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告依赖引用的权威“Blessinger v. DPS”来支持第六章的论点；法院表示无法找到此案并认为引文有误。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "HR 5784 Artificial Intelligence Wisdom for Innovative Small Enterprises Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5784", "description": "Instructs the Small Business Administration to create and maintain AI educational resources for small businesses, ensuring accuracy and stakeholder collaboration. Requires dissemination by partners, emphasizing comprehensibility and impartiality concerning AI tools. Deadline set for establishment is 180 days post-enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR 5784 2025 年创新型小企业人工智能智慧法案", "description_zh": "指示小企业管理局为小企业创建和维护人工智能教育资源，确保准确性和利益相关者协作。需要合作伙伴进行传播，强调人工智能工具的可理解性和公正性。设立期限为颁布后 180 天。" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Hodges v. Meridian Waste & Rieske v. AFS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1359/Hodges_v_Meridian_Waste_Acquisitions_USA_16_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated fabricated case citations were included in briefs filed in Hodges v. Meridian Waste (3:25-cv-62); court found citations were fake, counsel admitted use of AI, and court imposed sanctions while accepting counsel's contrition. Outcome: Adverse costs order; requirement to speak to bar associations or law students about experience.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍奇斯诉 Meridian Waste & Rieske 诉 AFS", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|人工智能生成的捏造案件引文包含在 Hodges v. Meridian Waste (3:25-cv-62) 案提交的摘要中；法院发现传票是假的，律师承认使用了人工智能，法院在接受律师悔罪的同时实施了制裁。结果：不利成本令；要求与律师协会或法学院学生谈论经验。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse costs order; requirement to speak to bar associations or law students about experience", "monetary_penalty": "7000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Tafah et al. v. Lake Village Townhomes et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1481/Tafah_v._Lake_Village_Townhomes_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Maryland. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'White v. Olathe Housing Auth., 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6029 (D. Kan. 1997)', but the court noted the reporter entry corresponds to Shakman v. Democratic Org., 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6029 (N.D. Ill. 1997), reflecting an inaccurate/misplaced citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塔法等人。 v. 湖村联排别墅等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马里兰州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了“White v. Olathe Housing Auth., 1997 U.S. Dist.” LEXIS 6029 (D. Kan. 1997)”，但法院指出记者条目对应于 Shakman v. democratic Org., 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6029 (N.D. Ill. 1997)，反映了不准确/错误的引用。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Robby Mendez v. City of Topeka, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1366/Mendez_v_bZTuKjG._Topeka_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated reference to Smith v. West Lake Enterprises, 374 F. Supp. 2d 1094 (D. Kan. 2005) Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗比·门德斯诉托皮卡市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|对 Smith v. West Lake Enterprises, 374 F. Supp. 的捏造参考。 2d 1094 (D. Kan. 2005) 结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. v. Igor Goncharko, et al. (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1361/Hobbs_v._Goncharko_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff twice cited a non-existent case Lathan v. Brinkerhoff; court identified it as fictitious and previously warned about it. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. 诉 Igor Goncharko 等人。 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告两次引用了一个不存在的案件“Lathan v. Brinkerhoff”；法院认定其为虚构，并此前曾对此发出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Riverchase v. Paula Goldwyn", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1364/Riverchase_LLC_v_Paula_Goldwyn_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'John Arthur Boyd v. Charles Ball, No. 108,817 (Kan. Sup. Ct. 2014),' which the opinion states does not exist and treats as a fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Riverchase 诉 Paula Goldwyn", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Kansas 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“John Arthur Boyd v. Charles Ball，No. 108,817 (Kan. Sup. Ct. 2014)”，该意见指出该内容不存在，并被视为捏造的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "X. v. Canada", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted plaintiff frequently included direct quotations from case law that do not appear in the cited decisions (citing ECF No. 111 n.4 as examples). Outcome: Adverse Costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "X. 诉加拿大", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 D. DC 面前。捏造：判例法|法院指出，原告经常直接引用判例法中未出现在所引用的判决中的内容（以 ECF No. 111 n.4 为例）。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "D. DC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Rev. Heidi Grossman Lepp v. Conrad Mallett, Jr., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1363/Heidi_Grossman_Lepp_v_Conrad_Mallett_Jr_et_al_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used OpenAI ChatGPT-4o in proceedings before the E.D. Michigan. Misrepresented: Case Law | The AI report asserted that Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah supports the plaintiff's standing to assert her church's rights; the court noted Lukumi does not discuss standing. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rev. Heidi Grossman Lepp 诉 Conrad Mallett, Jr. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 OpenAI ChatGPT-4o。密歇根州。歪曲事实：判例法|大赦国际报告称，卢库米巴巴鲁埃教会诉海厄利亚市一案支持原告主张其教会权利的立场；法院指出，卢库米没有讨论资格问题。结果：争论被忽略。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "OpenAI ChatGPT-4o", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Tiffany K. v. Commissioner of Social Security", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1362/Kleinschmidt_v._CSS_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel's brief included a non-existent case citation 'Fleck v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.'; the Court identified it as a 'phantom' citation likely generated by AI and admonished counsel. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒂芙尼·K.诉社会保障专员", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|律师的简报包括一个不存在的案件引文“Fleck v. Comm’r of Soc”。秒。法院将其认定为可能由人工智能生成的“虚假”传票，并对律师进行了训诫。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Alzado-Lotz v. Bock", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1360/Alzado-Lotz_v._Bock_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a non-existent Tenth Circuit decision 'Hinzo v. State of N.M., 79 F.4th 1164, 1175 (10th Cir. 2023)'; the court determined that citation is non-existent and does not support the argument.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿尔扎多-洛茨诉博克案", "description_zh": "律师出庭于科罗拉多州民主党法庭。捏造：判例法|被告引用了一项不存在的第十巡回法院判决“Hinzo v. State of N.M., 79 F.4th 1164, 1175 (10th Cir. 2023)”；法院认定引文不存在，因此不支持该论点。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Kisha Peters v. Banner Health", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1382/Peter_v._Banner_Health_USA_15_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff filed documents containing fabricated case citations and quotations that the Defendant and Court flagged as fake; Court ordered verification of AI-generated citations and warned against filing unverified AI content. Outcome: Recommended Dismissal with Prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基沙·彼得斯诉班纳健康公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告提交的文件包含伪造的案件引文和引文，被告和法院将其标记为伪造；法院下令对人工智能生成的引文进行验证，并警告不要提交未经验证的人工智能内容。结果：建议带着偏见解雇。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Recommended Dismissal with Prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "James Fahey v. Wally’s Las Vegas, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1166/Fahey_v_Wallys_Las_Vegas_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a statement about Rule 36 being self-executing to Asea v. Southern Pacific Transportation, but the Court determined the quoted language does not appear in that opinion as cited. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James Fahey 诉 Wally’s Las Vegas, LLC 等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将关于第 36 条自动执行的声明归因于 Asea 诉南太平洋运输公司，但法院确定所引用的语言并未出现在所引用的意见中。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc., et al. v. Indiana Import, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1357/NAOC_v._Indiana_Imports_USA_15_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Defense counsel cited a non-existent case to argue duplicative litigation; the Court found the case did not exist and struck/ordered correction. Outcome: Warning; Order to retain local counsel.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "北大西洋运营公司等。诉 Indiana Import, LLC 等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法|辩护律师引用一个不存在的案件来论证重复诉讼；法院认定该案不存在并下令纠正。结果：警告；命令保留当地律师。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; Order to retain local counsel", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Re: IMO the Estate of Joseph L. Weddington", "url": "/documents/1388/Re_IMO_the_Estate_of_Joseph_L_Weddington_Jr_deceased.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CC Delaware. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：IMO 约瑟夫·L·韦丁顿的遗产", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在特拉华州 CC 面前。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "CC Delaware", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "(HC) Xiong v. Becerra et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Order to have staff read transcript where issue was discussed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "(HC) Xiong 诉 Becerra 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法结果：命令工作人员阅读讨论问题的文字记录。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to have staff read transcript where issue was discussed", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Boyd v. Lee", "url": "/documents/1383/Boyd_v_Lee_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the AC Maryland. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the citation does not support appellant's stated proposition. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "博伊德诉李", "description_zh": "律师在马里兰州 AC 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为该引文不支持上诉人所述的主张。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "AC Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Suday v. Suday", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1310/Suday_v._Suday_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Varela v. Varela, 464 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2015, no pet.)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "苏迪诉苏迪", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|补充简报引用了“Varela v. Varela, 464 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2015, no pet.)”，法院无法找到该案子，并认为该案子可能是虚构的。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Kjoller v. California", "url": "https://appellatecases.courtinfo.ca.gov/search/case/dockets.cfm?dist=0&doc_id=3144862&doc_no=S293723", "description": "Prosecutor appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Three fake cases Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乔勒诉加利福尼亚州案", "description_zh": "检察官在加利福尼亚州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|三起假案 结果：责令说明原因。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Prosecutor", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Hang Zhang v. Daniel Driscoll", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1311/Zhang_v._Driscoll_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief contains multiple citations the Court could not locate and characterized as fictitious/hallucinated; Court declined to reproduce the fictitious names to avoid repeating them. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "张航诉丹尼尔·德里斯科尔", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|答复摘要包含法院无法找到的多处引文，并被定性为虚构/幻觉；法院拒绝复制这些虚构的名字，以避免重复。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Lindalbeth Lopez Hernandez v. Leanna Lundy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1312/Hernandez_v._ICE_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings, No. 1:20-cv-02731-JLT, 2020 WL 2537748, at 6 (E.D. Cal. May 18, 2020)'; the court found no such case exists.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "林达尔贝斯·洛佩兹·埃尔南德斯诉莉安娜·伦迪", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|律师引用“Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings，No. 1:20-cv-02731-JLT, 2020 WL 2537748，第 6 页（加州东区法院，2020 年 5 月 18 日）”；法院认为不存在此类案件。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Saber v. Navy Federal Credit Union", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1413/IDRIS_ABDUS_SABER_Appellant_v_NAVY_FEDERAL_CREDIT_UNION.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'D'Happart v. First Commonwealth Bank' with two reporter citations; the court found no such cases exist at those citations and said the authority did not support Appellant's argument.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "军刀诉海军联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“D'Happart 诉第一联邦银行”，并附有两次记者引述；法院在这些传票中发现不存在此类案件，并表示当局不支持上诉人的论点。", "court": "SC Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "HR7064 AI in Health Care Efficiency and Study Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/7064", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to study AI strategies to improve healthcare administration and data security. Evaluates AI applications in reducing administrative burdens and enhancing cybersecurity. Requires reporting to Congress on findings, recommendations, and policy options.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR7064 人工智能在医疗保健效率和研究法案 2025", "description_zh": "指示卫生与公众服务部部长研究人工智能战略，以改善医疗保健管理和数据安全。评估人工智能应用在减轻管理负担和增强网络安全方面的作用。需要向国会报告调查结果、建议和政策选择。" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Collins v. Nova Association Management Partners LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1392/Collins_v_Nova_Association_Management_Partners_LLC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple non-existent legal citations incorporated in Plaintiff's opposition brief (Dkt. No. 53, cited on pages 5, 6, 8–10, 13) as pointed out by the moving defendants; Court ordered counsel to list and explain them. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "柯林斯诉 Nova Association Management Partners LLC", "description_zh": "律师出现在 W.D. Washington 面前。捏造：判例法|法院发现原告的异议摘要（Dkt. No. 53，第 5、6、8-10、13 页引用）中包含了多个不存在的法律引文，正如移动被告所指出的那样；法院命令律师列出并解释它们。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Smith v. Eighth Judicial District Court in and for County of Clark", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1389/Smith_v_Eighth_Judicial_District_Court_in_and_for_County_of_Clark.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited \"Alexander v. Lolavar, 127 Nev. 255 (2011),\" but the court found no case by that name and the cited page corresponds to a different opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史密斯诉克拉克县第八司法地区法院", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州最高法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Alexander v. Lolavar, 127 Nev. 255 (2011)”，但法院没有发现该名称的案件，并且引用的页面对应于不同的意见。结果：警告。", "court": "SC Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Nguyen v. Pennymac Loan Services, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1443/Nguyen_v_Pennymac_Loan_Services_LLC_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Court was unable to locate the cited authority and found it to be a fake case cited in Plaintiff's Response. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nguyen 诉 Pennymac Loan Services, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的权威机构，并发现这是原告答复中引用的虚假案件。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Reketta L. Montgomery v. Acquisition Experts, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1302/Montgomery_v._Acquisition_Experts_USA_13_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant identified numerous fictitious or fake case citations in both memoranda filed by the pro se plaintiff; the court found the citations to be fictitious and relied on that finding in denying leave to amend. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Reketta L. Montgomery 诉 Acquisition Experts, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。北卡罗来纳州。捏造：判例法|被告在原告提交的两份备忘录中指出了许多虚构或虚假的案例引文；法院认定传票是虚构的，并据此拒绝准予修改。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1309/Mavy_v._Commissionner_USA_13_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Cited district court decision Hobbs does not exist. Outcome: Revocation of pro hac vice status, striking of the brief.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mavy 诉 社会保障管理局局长", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|引用的霍布斯地区法院判决并不存在。结果：撤销 pro hac 副地位，撤销简报。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Revocation of pro hac vice status, striking of the brief", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "O. Gene Bicknell v. Richard M. Silanskas Jr., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1303/Bicknell_v._Silanskas_USA_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent case to support narrowing subpoenas; Court could locate no such case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "O. Gene Bicknell 诉 Richard M. Silanskas Jr. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 N.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|引用了一个不存在的案例来支持缩小传票范围；法院找不到此类案件。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Gharavi v. Google LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1394/Gharavi_v_Google_LLC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Bloomberg Law in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel included a non-existent Wisconsin case in a sworn declaration; court found counsel relied on Bloomberg Law and the error was inadvertent and not in bad faith. Outcome: Motion for Sanctions denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加拉维诉谷歌有限责任公司", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州北区法院的诉讼中使用了《彭博法》。捏造：判例法|律师在宣誓声明中纳入了一个不存在的威斯康星州案件；法院认为律师依据的是《彭博法》，该错误是无意的，并非出于恶意。结果：制裁动议被驳回。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Bloomberg Law", "outcome": "Motion for Sanctions denied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Wurtenberg v. The City of New York", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1386/Wurtenberg_v_The_City_of_New_York_USA_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's papers relied on non-existent legal authority (fabricated cases); court found these authorities did not exist and attributed them to misuse of generative AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "符腾堡诉纽约市", "description_zh": "律师在纽约 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的文件依赖于不存在的法律权威（捏造的案件）；法院认为这些当局并不存在，并将其归咎于生成人工智能的滥用。结果：警告。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "Garibay-Robledo v. Noem", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1306/Garibay-Robledo_v_Noem_USA_9_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | The petition relied on a non-existent Fifth Circuit case; counsel later admitted the citation came from a Facebook comment and the Court flagged the error. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加里贝·罗夫莱多诉诺姆案", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 N.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|请愿书依赖于一个不存在的第五巡回法院案件；律师后来承认该引文来自 Facebook 的一条评论，法院指出了这一错误。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "Pearl Gardner v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/01/16/business-is-apparently-selling-ai-hallucination-filled-documents-to-unwary-litigants-court-says/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Clearpoint in proceedings before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court and defendant identified numerous nonexistent cases and statutes cited in Plaintiff's filings; filings exhibited 'hallucinated' authorities consistent with AI generation. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pearl Gardner 诉 Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 诉讼中使用 Clearpoint。捏造：判例法|法院和被告发现原告文件中引用的许多不存在的案件和法规；文件显示，当局对人工智能的产生抱有“幻觉”。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Clearpoint", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "Hayes v. Chipotle Mexican Grill", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1305/Hayes_v._Chipotle_USA_9_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation to 'Capistrano v. Fin. Indus. Regulatory Auth., Inc., 2015 WL 1647091, at *3 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 14, 2015)' does not exist and flagged it as an inaccurate authority. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "海耶斯诉Chipotle 墨西哥烧烤店", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|法院发现了对“卡皮斯特拉诺诉芬”的引用。梧桐。 Regulatory Auth., Inc., 2015 WL 1647091，at *3（M.D. Fla. 2015 年 4 月 14 日）' 不存在，并将其标记为不准确的权威。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "Zaykariya v. Freedom Mortgage Corporation, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1304/Zaykaria_v._Freedom_Mortage_Corpo.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified McEwen v. McCullough, 347 F. Supp. 2d 349 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zaykariya 诉 Freedom Mortgage Corporation 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|法院认定 McEwen 诉 McCullough，347 F. Supp。原告引用的 2d 349 案为假案。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "Deutsche Bank National Bank v. Jean LeTennier", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1274/Deutsche_Bank_v._Le_Tennier_USA_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Submission of no less than 23 fabricated legal authorities across five filings, identified by plaintiff and confirmed by the court. Outcome: Orders affirmed; monetary sanctions imposed (counsel $5,000; defendant $2,500) and costs awarded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德意志银行国家银行诉让·勒坦尼尔 (Jean LeTennier)", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|在五份文件中提交了至少 23 个捏造的法律权威，由原告确认并得到法院确认。结果：命令得到确认；实施的经济制裁（律师 5,000 美元；被告 2,500 美元）和判给的费用。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Orders affirmed; monetary sanctions imposed (counsel $5,000; defendant $2,500) and costs awarded", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 January 2026", "title": "Saad Hanna v. Kimberly A. Nelson", "url": "/documents/1307/Hanna_v._Nelson_USA_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Colorado CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained allegedly three AI-generated citations to nonexistent cases; doctor alleged fictitious cases produced by GenAI; court recognized at least some citations were fabricated. Outcome: Warning; No adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨阿德·汉纳诉金伯利·纳尔逊", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州 CA 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的简报据称包含三个人工智能生成的对不存在案件的引用；医生指控 GenAI 虚构病例；法院承认至少有一些传票是捏造的。结果：警告；无不利成本订单。", "court": "Colorado CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; No adverse costs order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Ramos v. Ramos", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1308/Ramos_v._Ramos_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Minnesota. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited cases the court was unable to locate; court treated the arguments relying on those authorities as forfeited and cited general concerns about AI-generated fake cases. Outcome: Argument treated as forfeited.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉莫斯诉拉莫斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人列举了法院无法找到的案例；法院将依赖这些当局的论点视为无效，并引用了对人工智能生成的假案件的普遍担忧。结果：论点被视为放弃。", "court": "CA Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument treated as forfeited", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Desmond Cunningham v. Pentagon Federal Credit Union, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1267/Cunningham_v_Pentagon_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_7_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Cunningham cited a purported D. Conn. opinion with a Westlaw citation and date that did not correspond to any docket entry for that case; the court concluded the representation of the Housatonic citation was fabricated. Outcome: All claims dismissed with prejudice; warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德斯蒙德·坎宁安诉五角大楼联邦信用合作社等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密西西比州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|坎宁安引用了一份据称是康涅狄格州民主党人的意见，其中附有韦斯特法的引文和日期，但与该案件的任何案卷条目都不相符；法院得出结论，休萨托尼克传票的陈述是捏造的。结果：所有索赔均被驳回；警告。", "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "All claims dismissed with prejudice; warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Jessica Baker v. Ryan Joseph Baker", "url": "/documents/1296/Baker_v._Baker_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.20) included a legal citation the court determined did not correspond to any real case and appeared fabricated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰西卡·贝克诉瑞安·约瑟夫·贝克", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州高等法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 20 页）包括法院认定的法律引文，该引文与任何真实案件都不相符，并且似乎是捏造的。", "court": "Superior Court of Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Hector Salvatori v. The Huntington National Bank", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1268/Salvatori_The_Huntington_National_Bank_USA_7_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Pineda v. Chase Bank (07-CV-563-PJH, 2007 WL 521222) does not exist in the N.D. Cal.; the Westlaw cite actually links to a different case.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hector Salvatori 诉亨廷顿国家银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.俄亥俄州。捏造：判例法|法院认定所引用的皮内达诉大通银行案 (07-CV-563-PJH, 2007 WL 521222) 在加州北区不存在；韦斯特法的引用实际上链接到另一个案例。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Thu Thuy Nguyen v. PennyMac Loan Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1295/Nguyen_v._Pennymac_Loan_Services_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Obot v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; the Court could not locate the D. Nev. decision and concluded it was fake. Outcome: Warning; Possible Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Thu Thuy Nguyen 诉 PennyMac 贷款服务公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引了奥伯特诉北美富国银行一案；法院无法找到 D. Nev. 的裁决，并得出结论，该裁决是假的。结果：警告；可能的金钱制裁。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; Possible Monetary Sanction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "Kamps v. British Crown Corporation, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1300/Kamps_v._BCC_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a fabricated quotation to Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators, asserting governments are \"abstractions\" that cannot interact with \"the tangible\"; the Court identified the quote as fake and not in the 1795 prize case. Outcome: Case dismissed as frivolous..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "坎普斯诉英国皇家公司等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. 密歇根州出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将彭哈洛诉多恩管理员案中的引文归咎于捏造的引文，声称政府是“抽象的”，无法与“有形的”互动；法院认定这句话是假的，并非 1795 年奖金案中的那句话。结果：案件因无意义而被驳回。", "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed as frivolous.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2026", "title": "United States v. Juliet Payseur and 20-22 McGregor Avenue, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1299/USA_v._Payseur_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Misrepresented: Case Law | Doyle cited Vazquez v. Triad Media Solutions, 2016 WL 155044, at *2 as applying Twombly/Iqbal to affirmative defenses; the court could not locate an opinion supporting that proposition and found the citation mischaracterized. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉 Juliet Payseur 和 20-22 McGregor Avenue, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新泽西州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法| Doyle 在 *2 中引用了 Vazquez v. Triad Media Solutions, 2016 WL 155044，将 Twombly/Iqbal 应用于肯定性抗辩；法院无法找到支持该主张的意见，并认为该传票的描述有误。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "Hanlon v. Parkersburg City", "url": "https://www.wtap.com/2026/01/06/judge-beane-denies-emergency-injunction-filed-against-city-parkersburg/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CC Wood County, W.V.. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Request for injunctive relief dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汉隆诉帕克斯堡市", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出庭于西弗吉尼亚州 CC Wood County。 捏造：判例法结果：禁令救济请求被驳回。", "court": "CC Wood County, W.V.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Request for injunctive relief dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "Sammie Dwayne McPhaul v. College Hills OPCO", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1269/McPhaul_v._College_Hills_USA_6_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Kansas. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted a passage attributed to Cory v. Troth that does not appear in that opinion; court identified the quotation as inaccurate. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sammie Dwayne McPhaul 诉 College Hills OPCO", "description_zh": "律师在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了科里诉特罗斯案中的一段话，该段话并未出现在该意见中；法院认定该报价不准确。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "Tamisha Shaw v. Coast Dental of Georgia et al/", "url": "/documents/1576/Shaw_v._Coast_Dental_USA_6_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Gwinnett County, Georgia. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Williams v. Streeval, 301 Ga. App. 455 (2009)\" for the proposition that an answer filed without authority is a nullity; court found the named opinion was a non-Georgia trial court opinion and the citation actually points to In re M.O., 301 Ga. App. 453 ... Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Tamisha Shaw 诉佐治亚州 Coast Dental 等人/", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佐治亚州格温内特县 SC 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“Williams v. Streeval, 301 Ga. App. 455 (2009)”来主张未经授权提交的答复无效；法院发现指定的意见是非佐治亚州初审法院的意见，并且引文实际上指向 In re M.O., 301 Ga. App.。 453 ... 结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "SC Gwinnett County, Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2632", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 January 2026", "title": "Ayatollah Hylton v. Chivone Janee Hylton, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1390/AYATOLLAH_HYLTON_Plaintiff_v_CHIVONE_JANEE_HYLTON_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited and quoted a non-existent order: attributed the language \"A last-minute email or single communication is insufficient to satisfy Local Rule 7.1(a)(3). Motions filed without good-faith conferral may be denied or stricken.\" to \"Wachovia Bank v. Tien, No. 05-60... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿亚图拉·希尔顿 (Ayatollah Hylton) 诉 Chivone Janee Hylton 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告引用并引用了一项不存在的命令：归因于以下语言：“最后一刻的电子邮件或单一通信不足以满足地方规则 7.1(a)(3)。未经善意同意而提出的动议可能会被拒绝或被否决。”至“美联银行诉 Tien，第 05-60 号……结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2026", "title": "Allen v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1294/Allen_v._Experian_USA_4_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Idaho. False Quotes: Case Law | Court found quoted language attributed to Truckstop.net appeared fabricated and misrepresented the case's holdings; court admonished pro se litigant for relying on fabricated quotations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "艾伦诉益百利信息解决方案公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在爱达荷州联邦法院。虚假引述：判例法|法院认为 Truckstop.net 引用的语言似乎是捏造的，并且歪曲了案件的内容；法院对原告因依赖捏造的报价而提出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Idaho", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2026", "title": "Washburn v. Houston", "url": "/documents/1275/Washburn_v._Houston_2_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Arizona CA. Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cites Buencamino, Woyton, Reid, Vincent, and Thompson as addressing specific relocation factors, but none of those cases discuss the claimed factors. Outcome: Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沃什伯恩诉休斯顿", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州加州法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 引用了 Buencamino、Woyton、Reid、Vincent 和 Thompson 来讨论具体的搬迁因素，但这些案例都没有讨论所声称的因素。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "Arizona CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Eric Hildebrandt v. siParadigm LLC et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1289/Hildebrant_v_8j95Os6._Paradigm_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental Filing contained forty-three identified instances of fabricated citations or case law; Court declined to consider the filing and treated those propositions as unsupported.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Eric Hildebrandt 诉 siParadigm LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|补充文件包含四十三个已确定的伪造引文或判例法的实例；法院拒绝考虑该申请，并将这些主张视为不受支持。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Burnett v. The City of New York", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1385/Burnett_v_The_City_of_New_York_30_December_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited a nonexistent case (Backus v. City of Rochester, 148 AD3d 1697 [4th Dept 2017]); the court reported it was unable to locate the case and ordered counsel to show cause why he should not be sanctioned. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伯内特诉纽约市", "description_zh": "律师在纽约 SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一个不存在的案例（Backus v. City of Rochester, 148 AD3d 1697 [4th Dept 2017]）；法院报告称无法找到此案，并命令律师说明为什么他不应受到制裁。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency v. Bradley K. Bass, et al.", "url": "/documents/1273/MASSACHUSETTS_HOUSING_FINANCE_AGENCY_v._Bass_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Massachusetts Land Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se parties cited a non-existent case (court found the cited decision does not appear at the citation and is not in reported SJC decisions). Court warned parties and rejected reliance on that authority. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州住房金融局诉 Bradley K. Bass 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州土地法院出庭。捏造：判例法|自辩方引用了一个不存在的案例（法院发现引用的判决没有出现在传票中，也没有出现在报告的 SJC 判决中）。法院警告各方并拒绝依赖该权威。结果：警告。", "court": "Massachusetts Land Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Cesareo v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1293/Cesareo_v._Port_Authority_of_NY_and_NJ_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Ninth Circuit opinion 'Doe v. Bogan, 93 F.3d 544, 551 (9th Cir. 1996),' which the Court was unable to locate and concluded does not appear to exist as cited.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cesareo 诉纽约和新泽西港务局", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用了第九巡回法院的意见“Doe v. Bogan, 93 F.3d 544, 551 (9th Cir. 1996)”，法院无法找到该意见，并得出结论认为该意见似乎不存在。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Pauliah v. University of Mississippi Medical Center", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1243/Pauliah_v._Uni_Mississippi_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer; Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Mississippi. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Fabricated quotation presented as from Dr. Howard's deposition—\"He did not receive adequate departmental support... I loaned my laptop so he could complete the report.\"—attributed to 'Howard Dep. 33:5-34:3'; court found the quote absent from the transcript a... Outcome: Monetary Sanction; CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保利亚诉密西西比大学医学中心", "description_zh": "律师; Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。密西西比州。虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |霍华德博士证词中的伪造引文——“他没有得到足够的部门支持……我借了我的笔记本电脑，这样他就可以完成报告。”——出自“霍华德部门”。 33:5-34:3'；法院发现笔录中没有引用这句话……结果：金钱制裁；克莱。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer; Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Johnson v. Digital Federal Credit Union", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1233/Johson_v._Digital_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case for the proposition that an \"Overdraft Protection Plan constitutes 'credit'\"; the court noted the case does not exist and declined to rely on it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰逊诉数字联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引不存在的案例主张“透支保障计划构成‘信用’”；法院指出该案并不存在，因此拒绝信赖该案。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "M.T. Real Estate Investment Inc. v. Servis One, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1234/MT_Real_Estate_v._Servus_One_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the district court opinion cited; counsel admitted the citation was not real and produced by AI. Outcome: Briefs Struck; Adverse Costs Order; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公吨。房地产投资公司诉 Servis One, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在内华达州联邦法院提起诉讼时使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的地区法院意见；律师承认该传票不是真实的，并且是由人工智能制作的。结果：内裤被击中；不利费用令；酒吧推荐。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Briefs Struck; Adverse Costs Order; Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Labatt USA Operating v. Friends Beverage Group", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1384/Labatt_USA_Operating_Co_LLC_v_Friends_Beverage_Group_LLC_USA_30_December_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found defendants' opposition and cross-motion contained hallucinated/fabricated case citations generated by AI; filings were stricken. Outcome: Filings struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Labatt USA Operating 诉 Friends Beverage Group", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|法院发现被告的反对和交叉动作包含人工智能生成的幻觉/捏造的案例引文；文件受到打击。结果：提起诉讼。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Filings struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Nicole Beverly Silverberg v. Steven Bonomo, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1264/Silverberg_v._Bonomo_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the proposition that a defaulted corporation 'lacks standing to defend or prosecute actions until reinstated' to Executive Management Ltd. v. Ticor Title Insurance Co.; the court found no such quote or related holding in that opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "妮可·贝弗利·西尔弗伯格诉史蒂文·博诺莫等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将违约公司“在恢复之前没有资格辩护或起诉诉讼”这一主张归因于 Executive Management Ltd. v. Ticor Title Insurance Co.；法院在该意见中没有发现此类引用或相关观点。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 December 2025", "title": "Tiffany Regina Ringer v. Bank of America, N.A.", "url": "/documents/1290/Ringer_v._BoAM_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division). False Quotes: Case Law | Numerous miscited cases and inaccurate verbatim quotations in the Defendant’s Memorandum; counsel admitted the citation and quotation errors. Outcome: Fine; Ordered to submit statement of training/oversight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒂芙尼·雷吉娜·林格 (Tiffany Regina Ringer) 诉美国银行 (Bank of America, N.A.)", "description_zh": "律师在 N.D. Georgia（亚特兰大分部）出庭。虚假引述：判例法|被告备忘录中存在大量错误引用案例和不准确的逐字引用；律师承认引文和引用错误。结果：很好；命令提交培训/监督声明。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Fine; Ordered to submit statement of training/oversight", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Cherleatha B. v. Frank Bisignano", "url": "/documents/1232/Bogan_v._Comm_USA_29_DEcember_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. South Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Eisenberg v. SSA, 496 F. Supp. 2d 238 (D.D.C. 2007)'; the court found the citation incorrect/misplaced and noted the 496 F. Supp.2d citation corresponds to Garcia v. Comm'r, 496 F. Supp. 2d 235 (E.D.N.Y. 2007), whereas Eisenberg appears at 703 F. Supp. 2d 2... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Cherleatha B. 诉 Frank Bisignano", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在南卡罗来纳州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Eisenberg v. SSA, 496 F. Supp.”。 2d 238（D.D.C. 2007）'；法院认为该引文不正确/放错位置，并指出 496 F. Supp.2d 引文对应于 Garcia v. Comm'r、496 F. Supp.2d 引文。 2d 235 (E.D.N.Y. 2007)，而艾森伯格出现在 703 F. Supp。 2d 2... 结果：警告。", "court": "D. South Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Rachel Jones v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1235/Jones_v._Experian_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Great Earth Companies, Inc. v. Simons, 288 F.3d 878, 889 (6th Cir. 2002) as supporting the proposition that discovery is required to determine arbitrability; the Court found Great Earth does not address discovery and flagged the misstatement as possibly ... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雷切尔·琼斯 (Rachel Jones) 诉 Experian Information Solutions", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Great Earth Companies, Inc. v. Simons, 288 F.3d 878, 889 (6th Cir. 2002) 来支持需要证据开示才能确定可仲裁性的主张；法院发现 Great Earth 没有解决发现问题，并将该错误陈述标记为可能......结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "In re S.A., D.H., and B.M., Minors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1230/In_re_SA_USA_29_December_2025_-_ECF_96.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Illinois. False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent attributed the quote 'A parent is not required to parrot the agency's exact narrative.' to In re Brianna B.; the court found the quote fictitious and not addressed in that opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 S.A.、D.H. 和 B.M.，未成年人", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|受访者引用了这句话“家长不需要重复该机构的确切叙述。”致布丽安娜 B.；法院认为该引述是虚构的，并且在该意见中没有得到解决。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2025", "title": "Ng v. AmGuard Insurance Company, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1231/NG_v._Amguard_Insurance_USA_29_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Greyhound-Thermalink, Inc. v. B.U.R. Realty Corp., 42 A.D.3d 319, 320 (N.Y. 1st Dep’t 2007)', which the Court's research found does not appear to exist; Court warned about AI-generated fake citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ng 诉 AmGuard 保险公司等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Greyhound-Thermalink, Inc. 诉 B.U.R.” Realty Corp., 42 A.D.3d 319, 320 (N.Y. 1st Dep’t 2007)'，法院的研究发现该公司似乎不存在；法院对人工智能生成的虚假引文发出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Krystle J. Lyons v. Oak Harbor School District", "url": "/documents/1261/Lyons_v._Oak_Harbor_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington (Seattle). Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cites a non-existent case 'Forbes v. Garza'; the court notes the case does not exist. Outcome: Amended Complaint dismissed with prejudice..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯特尔·里昂诉橡树港学区案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington（西雅图）出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的反对引用了一个不存在的案件“福布斯诉加尔萨”；法院指出此案不存在。结果：修改后的投诉因偏见而被驳回。", "court": "W.D. Washington (Seattle)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Amended Complaint dismissed with prejudice.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Leber v. Bryan Medical Center et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1292/Leber_v_NejuMbM._Bryan_Medical_Center_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nebraska. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited 'Kelly v. St. Francis Medical Center, 899 N.W.2d 869 (Neb. 2017)'; the court found that '899 N.W.2d 869' corresponds to St. Jude Med., Inc. v. Carter (Minn. Ct. App. 2017), indicating the Kelly citation is likely AI-generated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莱伯诉布莱恩医疗中心等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内布拉斯加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告多次引用“Kelly v. St. Francis Medical Center, 899 N.W.2d 869 (Neb. 2017)”；法院发现“899 N.W.2d 869”对应于 St. Jude Med., Inc. v. Carter (Minn. Ct. App. 2017)，表明 Kelly 的引文很可能是人工智能生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nebraska", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Minjie Zheng v. ICANN", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1329/Zheng_v._ICANN_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited dozens of cases the Court was unable to locate, including some falsely attributed to this Court; Court identified earlier inability to locate two such cases. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "郑敏杰诉ICANN", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告列举了法院无法找到的数十起案件，其中一些案件被错误地归咎于本法院；法院早些时候发现无法找到两起此类案件。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "66129 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Allen v. Amazon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1229/Allen_v._Amazon_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Amazon contended Allen cited non-existent cases and procedures generated by AI; the court noted the allegation but the opinion does not list specific fabricated case citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "艾伦诉亚马逊", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。捏造：判例法|亚马逊声称艾伦引用了人工智能生成的不存在的案例和程序；法院注意到了这一指控，但意见中没有列出具体的捏造案件引文。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Levy v. Google LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1259/Levy_v._Google_USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kelley v. Conan, 555 F.3d 630, 634 (8th Cir. 2009); the court could not locate this case and found the citation appears to be nonexistent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "利维诉谷歌有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Kelley v. Conan, 555 F.3d 630, 634 (8th Cir. 2009)；法院无法找到此案，并发现该传票似乎不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Smith v. Clarence Smith et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1228/Smith_v._Smith_USA_22_December_2022.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re D.C. Judicial Conflicts of Interest, 540 F.2d 711 (D.C. Cir. 1976),' which the court found does not exist and is a fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史密斯诉克拉伦斯·史密斯等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在纽约 N.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“In re D.C. Judicial Conflicts of Interest, 540 F.2d 711 (D.C. Cir. 1976)”，法院认为该引文不存在并且是捏造的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Matter of: KE System Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1224/KE_System_Services_Inc._USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to 'KAES Enters., B-420916.2, 2022 CPD ¶ _' could not be located; the B-number corresponds to an unrelated unpublished decision and no published GAO decision matching the citation exists.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "事由：KE System Services, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。捏造：判例法|无法找到对“KAES Enters., B-420916.2, 2022 CPD ¶ _”的引用； B 号对应于不相关的未发表的决定，并且不存在与引用相匹配的已发布的 GAO 决定。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Donovan v. Clark County Assessor", "url": "/documents/1260/Donovan_v_Clark_County_Assessor_USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Tax Court of Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se litigants cited a non-existent case 'Rawles v. Monroe Cnty. Ass'r, 48T10-1705-TA-00014, slip op. at 5–6 (Ind. Tax Ct. May 13, 2019)'; court could not locate the case and concluded it was an AI hallucination (petitioner admitted using AI). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多诺万诉克拉克县评估员", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在印第安纳州税务法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|自诉当事人引用了一个不存在的案件“Rawles v. Monroe Cnty”。屁股，48T10-1705-TA-00014，滑动操作。 5–6（工业税局，2019 年 5 月 13 日）'；法院无法找到该案件并得出结论这是人工智能幻觉（申请人承认使用了人工智能）。结果：警告。", "court": "Tax Court of Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Billups v. Louisville Municipal School District", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1223/Billups_v._Louisville_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Grok in proceedings before the N.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum included a citation to a nonexistent case; court identified the citation as fabricated and tied it to unverified AI output. Outcome: Counsel DQ'd; monetary sanction; obligatory audit of all past filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比卢普斯诉路易斯维尔市学区案", "description_zh": "律师在密西西比州北区法院的诉讼中使用了 Grok。捏造：判例法|备忘录中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院认定该传票是捏造的，并将其与未经验证的人工智能输出联系起来。结果：DQ 律师；金钱制裁；对所有过去的备案进行强制性审计。", "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grok", "outcome": "Counsel DQ'd; monetary sanction; obligatory audit of all past filings", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Patrick Joseph Groulx v CSL Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1326/Groux_v._CSL_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included citation to a non-existent case; court found it to be a fabricated case citation and relied on this as part of basis to dismiss the appeal. Outcome: Appeal dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "帕特里克·约瑟夫·格鲁克斯 v CSL Limited", "description_zh": "律师在加州密歇根州出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案件；法院认为这是捏造的案件引文，并据此作为驳回上诉的部分依据。结果：上诉被驳回。", "court": "CA Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Fantini v. WestRock Services, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1227/Fantini_v._Westrock_Company_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case that the Court could not locate; the Court determined 'Pruco Life Ins. Co. of New Jersey v. Carrasco, 2022 WL 1210718 (D.N.J. Apr. 25, 2025)' does not appear to exist and flagged this as non-existent authority. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fantini 诉 WestRock Services, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到的案例；法院裁定“Pruco Life Ins”。 Co. of New Jersey v. Carrasco, 2022 WL 1210718 (D.N.J. Apr. 25, 2025)”似乎不存在，并将其标记为不存在的权威。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Gavin Simpson v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1258/Simpson_v._Portfolio_Recovery_Associates_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff’s filings included fabricated quotes; court identified these as fabricated quotations and warned against such submissions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gavin Simpson 诉 Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告的文件包括捏造的报价；法院认定这些内容是捏造的引文，并对此类提交提出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 December 2025", "title": "Disability Rights Mississippi v. Palmer Home for Children", "url": "/documents/1225/Disability_Rights_Mississippi_v._Palmer_Home_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D Mississippi. False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to SafetyNet does not appear in the opinion and Court found counsel misrepresented the case's holding when relying on the fake quote. Outcome: Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; notification to bar and other courts; attorney withdrawal..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "密西西比州残疾人权利诉帕尔默儿童之家案", "description_zh": "律师出现在密西西比州北区。虚假引述：判例法|引用的来自 SafetyNet 的语言并未出现在意见中，法院发现律师在依赖虚假引用时歪曲了案件的主张。结果：经济制裁； CLE要求；向律师协会和其他法院发出通知；律师撤诉..", "court": "N.D Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; notification to bar and other courts; attorney withdrawal.", "monetary_penalty": "20883 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Edward Starski v. Chandler Holderness", "url": "/documents/1201/Starski_v._Holderness_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Appeals. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'In re Application of Kieta, 573 N.W.2d 787 (Neb. 1998)'; the court's independent research found no such decision and labeled it an AI 'hallucination.' Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱德华·斯塔斯基诉钱德勒·霍尔德内斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA 上诉中出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的案例“In re Application of Kieta, 573 N.W.2d 787 (Neb. 1998)”；法院的独立研究没有发现这样的决定，并将其称为人工智能的“幻觉”。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Appeals", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Gerou v. George, Whitten, and United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1197/Gerou_et_al._v._George_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Wisconsin. False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioners quoted Oates v. National Bank as stating banks 'may only deal in negotiable instruments and lawful money'; court found no such quote in Oates (100 U.S. 239 (1879)). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gerou 诉 George、Whitten 和美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。威斯康星州。虚假引述：判例法|请愿者引用了奥茨诉国家银行一案，称银行“只能从事流通票据和合法货币交易”；法院在 Oates 案中没有发现这样的引述（100 U.S. 239 (1879)）。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Wireless Investors LLC v. Semtech Incorporated, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1256/Wireless_Investors_v._Semtech_In_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed quotations to authorities that the Court found did not exist in the cited opinions (nonexistent quotes). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Wireless Investors LLC 诉 Semtech Incorporated 等。", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了法院认为在所引用的意见中不存在的权威人士的引文（不存在的引文）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Christina Buenzli", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1196/Jp_Morgan_v._Buenzli_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case and attributed a quotation to it; court found the case/citation does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "摩根大通银行诉 Christina Buenzli", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的案例并引用了该案例；法院发现案件/传票不存在。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Alex Abrami et al", "url": "/documents/1222/Lafayette_v._Abrami_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Vermont SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff admitted including fictitious case citations in his filings; court noted prior warning by another court and ordered him to show cause for sanctions. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order; Pre-Filing Injunction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伯特·拉斐特诉亚历克斯·阿布拉米等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛蒙特州 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法|原告承认在其提交的文件中引用了虚构的案例；法院注意到另一法院事先发出的警告，并命令他说明制裁理由。结果：不利费用令；预提交禁令。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; Pre-Filing Injunction", "monetary_penalty": "7361 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 7337 (\"National Academy of Sciences report on uncrewed systems and use of data\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 to conduct an assessment on economic and technological capabilities on the Peoples republic of china, of using civil nuclear energy for intelligence community capabilities. Requires the policy to create a plan on for private individuals or companies to notify federal agencies about specific risks or threats involving artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 7337 条（“美国国家科学院关于无人系统和数据使用的报告”）", "description_zh": "要求《2024 财年情报授权法》对中华民国的经济和技术能力以及将民用核能用于情报界的能力进行评估。要求政策制定一项计划，让私人或公司向联邦机构通报涉及人工智能的特定风险或威胁。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 233 (\"Limitation on use of funds for certain navy software\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Prohibits expending funds on Navy's unmanned vessel software unless the Secretary of the Navy reports program schedules, cost estimates, performance assessments, and capability delivery assessments to congressional defense committees, and the Chief of Naval Operations validates operational user needs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 233 条（“限制某些海军软件的资金使用”）", "description_zh": "禁止在海军无人舰艇软件上花费资金，除非海军部长向国会国防委员会报告项目时间表、成本估算、性能评估和能力交付评估，并且海军作战部长验证作战用户需求。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 7335 (\"Uncrewed systems capabilities report\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Commandant to establish an uncrewed systems capabilities office within the Coast Guard, focusing on the acquisition, development, and integration of AI-enhanced uncrewed and counter-uncrewed technologies for improved maritime operations and interagency collaboration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 7335 条（“无人系统能力报告”）", "description_zh": "要求司令官在海岸警卫队内设立无人系统能力办公室，重点关注人工智能增强型无人和反无人技术的采购、开发和集成，以改善海上行动和机构间协作。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1061 (\"Notification of waivers under Department of Defense Directive 3000.09\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Amends Chapter 3 of title 10, United States Code, to require the Secretary of Defense to notify congressional defense committees of waivers related to autonomy in weapon systems, including rationale, description, and duration, within 30 days. Allows a classified annex.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1061 条（“根据国防部指令 3000.09 进行豁免的通知”）", "description_zh": "修订《美国法典》第 10 章第 3 章，要求国防部长在 30 天内向国会国防委员会通报与武器系统自主权相关的豁免，包括理由、描述和期限。允许分类附件。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1048 (\"Authorization of Eastern Regional Range Complex for multi-domain operations and robotic autonomous systems training, testing, and experimentation\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Authorize the Secretary of Defense to develop the Eastern Regional Range Complex for multi-domain operations, robotic autonomous systems training, and testing, including AI-related unmanned aircraft systems. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1048 条（“授权东部地区靶场综合体进行多域作战和机器人自主系统训练、测试和实验”）", "description_zh": "授权国防部长开发东部地区靶场综合体，用于多域作战、机器人自主系统训练和测试，包括与人工智能相关的无人机系统。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 907 (\"Defense science board study on optimal organizational structure for digital solution and software delivery\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 to conduct an assessment on economic and technological capabilities on the Peoples republic of china, of using civil nuclear energy for intelligence community capabilities. Requires the policy to create a plan on for private individuals or companies to notify federal agencies about specific risks or threats involving artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 907 条（“国防科学委员会关于数字解决方案和软件交付最佳组织结构的研究”）", "description_zh": "要求《2024 财年情报授权法》对中华民国的经济和技术能力以及将民用核能用于情报界的能力进行评估。要求政策制定一项计划，让私人或公司向联邦机构通报涉及人工智能的特定风险或威胁。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 5303 (\"Reports on technology transformation projects at the department\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary to report annually on technology transformation projects, including those involving artificial intelligence, to congressional committees and publish a public summary. Directs the Government Accountability Office to evaluate Department's implementation of technology projects focusing on performance, adoption metrics, and oversight mechanisms for responsible AI deployment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 5303 条（“部门技术改造项目报告”）", "description_zh": "要求部长每年向国会委员会报告技术转型项目，包括涉及人工智能的项目，并发布公开摘要。指示政府问责办公室评估该部门技术项目的实施情况，重点关注绩效、采用指标和负责任的人工智能部署的监督机制。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 345 (\"Technology enhancement for surface ship maintenance\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Navy to investigate and adopt advanced technologies, including AI-driven predictive maintenance, for surface ship maintenance; establishes a proposal and review process for such technologies; mandates third-party review of certain decisions; requires updates to policies and contracts upon adoption; and directs reporting to Congress on implementation timelines and justifications.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 345 条（“水面舰艇维护技术增强”）", "description_zh": "要求海军部长研究并采用先进技术，包括人工智能驱动的预测性维护，进行水面舰艇维护；建立此类技术的提案和审查流程；要求对某些决定进行第三方审查；要求在采用后更新政策和合同；并指导向国会报告实施时间表和理由。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 914 (\"Small-UAS industrial base working group\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Deputy Secretary of Defense to establish the Small-UAS Industrial Base Working Group by January 2026 to analyze and enhance the supplier base for small-UAS systems. Directs the Group to assess investments, partnerships, and qualification processes to strengthen the sUAS industrial base.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 914 条（“小型无人机工业基地工作组”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部副部长在 2026 年 1 月之前成立小型无人机工业基地工作组，以分析和增强小型无人机系统的供应商基础。指示小组评估投资、合作伙伴关系和资格流程，以加强小型无人机工业基础。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 624 (\"Improvements to basic allowance for housing\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to evaluate using AI and machine learning for calculating Basic Allowance for Housing (BAH). Requires the study of alternative calculation methods, including AI feasibility, and mandates annual briefings and a final report to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 624 条（“改善住房基本津贴”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长评估使用人工智能和机器学习计算基本住房津贴（BAH）的情况。需要研究替代计算方法，包括人工智能的可行性，并要求向国会提交年度简报和最终报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1086 (\"Framework for reforming technology transfer and foreign disclosure policies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to create a framework for revising technology transfer and foreign disclosure policies, accommodating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence. Instructs updates to the National Disclosure Policy and mandates annual audits of license denials.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1086 条（“技术转让和对外披露政策改革框架”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长创建一个修订技术转让和对外披露政策的框架，以适应人工智能等先进技术。指示更新国家信息披露政策，并要求对拒绝许可进行年度审计。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 341 (\"Maintenance inspection capabilities and requirements\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to ensure maintenance of aviation safety items and parts includes technical data requirements or diagnostic tools, leveraging AI and machine learning for predictive maintenance when necessary. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 341 条（“维护检查能力和要求”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长确保航空安全物品和零件的维护包括技术数据要求或诊断工具，必要时利用人工智能和机器学习进行预测性维护。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 152 (\"Requirements for an intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance roadmap for the Air Force\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Require the Secretary of the Air Force to submit a roadmap by October 1, 2026, detailing AI, machine learning, and other ISR technology investments. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 152 条（“空军情报、监视和侦察路线图的要求”）", "description_zh": "要求空军部长在 2026 年 10 月 1 日之前提交路线图，详细说明人工智能、机器学习和其他 ISR 技术投资。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 3117 (\"Appropriate scoping of artificial intelligence research within the National Nuclear Security Administration\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Restricts AI research and development funds within the National Nuclear Security Administration to supporting nuclear security missions. Allows AI R&D in other Department of Energy components or federal agencies, provided it doesn't interfere with nuclear security functions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 3117 条（“国家核安全局内人工智能研究的适当范围”）", "description_zh": "限制国家核安全局内的人工智能研究和开发资金用于支持核安全任务。允许能源部其他部门或联邦机构进行人工智能研发，前提是不干扰核安全功能。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1019 (\"Strategy for navy investment in and support for the maritime industrial base\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Navy to develop a strategy using artificial intelligence to monitor and predict supply chain challenges in shipbuilding. Instructs AI application for disruptions, shortages, and delays. Demands a report on the strategy to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1019 条（“海军投资和支持海洋工业基地战略”）", "description_zh": "要求海军部长制定一项利用人工智能来监控和预测造船业供应链挑战的战略。指导人工智能应用程序应对中断、短缺和延迟。要求向国会提交有关该战略的报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 6603 (\"Application of artificial intelligence policies of the intelligence community to publicly available models hosted in classified environments\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Ensure the Director applies AI policies to publicly available models in classified environments. Require the Chief AI Officer to establish AI testing standards considering risk and ensure secure environments for model evaluation. Prevent intelligence community authority over model alterations for viewpoint bias.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 6603 条（“情报界的人工智能政策在机密环境中托管的公开可用模型中的应用”）", "description_zh": "确保总监将人工智能政策应用于机密环境中的公开可用模型。要求首席人工智能官建立考虑风险的人工智能测试标准，并确保模型评估的安全环境。防止情报界权威因观点偏见而改变模型。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 6604 (\"Prohibition on use of DeepSeek on intelligence community systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Prohibits the use of DeepSeek on intelligence community systems. Requires the Director of National Intelligence to develop removal standards and guidelines. Includes exceptions for national security and research, with risk mitigation. Aligns with existing information security requirements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 6604 条（“禁止在情报社区系统上使用 DeepSeek”）", "description_zh": "禁止在情报社区系统上使用 DeepSeek。要求国家情报总监制定清除标准和指南。包括国家安全和研究的例外情况，并降低风险。符合现有的信息安全要求。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 8521 (\"Prohibition and notification on investments relating to covered national security transactions\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in national security transactions involving prohibited technologies like AI. Requires Secretary of the Treasury to issue regulations, notify Congress of exemptions, and impose penalties. Mandates reporting and facilitates multilateral engagement to control technology risks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 8521 条（“与涵盖的国家安全交易相关的投资的禁止和通知”）", "description_zh": "禁止美国人参与涉及人工智能等违禁技术的国家安全交易。要求财政部长颁布法规、通知国会豁免情况并实施处罚。强制报告并促进多边参与以控制技术风险。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1533 (\"Artificial intelligence model assessment and oversight\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Establishes a \"Cross-Functional Team\" led by the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer for artificial intelligence (AI) model assessment in the Department of Defense (DOD). Mandates designation of functional leads for AI applications in DOD. Requires assessment of major AI systems by 2028, followed by a congressional briefing and ends the team by 2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1533 条（“人工智能模型评估和监督”）", "description_zh": "建立一个由首席数字和人工智能官领导的“跨职能团队”，负责国防部（DOD）的人工智能（AI）模型评估。强制指定国防部人工智能应用的职能领导。要求在 2028 年之前对主要人工智能系统进行评估，然后向国会通报情况，并在 2030 年之前结束该团队。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 6602 (\"Artificial intelligence development and usage by intelligence community\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Amends the Intelligence Authorization Act to designate Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers. Requires the Chief Information Officer to identify reusable AI systems and promote sharing AI data and systems. Mandates performance tracking of AI systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 6602 条（“情报界的人工智能开发和使用”）", "description_zh": "修订《情报授权法》以指定首席人工智能官。要求首席信息官识别可重复使用的人工智能系统并促进共享人工智能数据和系统。强制跟踪人工智能系统的性能。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1513 (\"Physical and cybersecurity procurement requirements for artificial\nintelligence systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to develop a cybersecurity framework for Department of Defense AI and machine learning technologies. Requires tailoring of security requirements in consideration of costs versus benefits and encourages collaboration with private sector and academia.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1513 条（“人工的物理和网络安全采购要求”）\n情报系统”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长为国防部人工智能和机器学习技术开发网络安全框架。需要考虑成本与收益来调整安全要求，并鼓励与私营部门和学术界的合作。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1532 (\"Guidance and prohibition on use of certain artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Prohibits the Department of Defense and its contractors from using covered artificial intelligence (AI) developed covered AI companies within 30 days of enactment. Allows Secretary of Defense to issue waivers for research or national security purposes with necessary risk mitigation steps. Provides definitions of covered AI systems, companies, and nations. \n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1532 条（“指导和禁止使用某些人工智能”）", "description_zh": "禁止国防部及其承包商在颁布后 30 天内使用涵盖人工智能公司开发的涵盖人工智能 (AI)。允许国防部长出于研究或国家安全目的发布豁免，并采取必要的风险缓解措施。提供所涵盖的人工智能系统、公司和国家的定义。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 5301 (\"Post data pilot program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Authorizes the Secretary to establish the Post Data Program, overseen by the Chief Data and AI Officer, to promote data and AI culture globally at diplomatic posts. Requires an implementation plan and annual reporting to specified congressional committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 5301 条（“后数据试点计划”）", "description_zh": "授权国务卿建立由首席数据和人工智能官监督的邮政数据计划，以在全球外交职位上推广数据和人工智能文化。需要制定实施计划并向指定的国会委员会提交年度报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1234 (\"Research, development, test, and evaluation of emerging technologies to further the warfighting capabilities of the United States and certain partner countries\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Authorizes the Secretary of Defense to jointly research emerging technologies, including AI, with partner countries. Requires robust protection of sensitive information and adherence to export controls. Designates the Irregular Warfare Technology Support Directorate as the lead agency.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1234 条（“研究、开发、测试和评估新兴技术，以进一步增强美国和某些伙伴国家的作战能力”）", "description_zh": "授权国防部长与伙伴国家共同研究包括人工智能在内的新兴技术。需要对敏感信息进行强有力的保护并遵守出口管制。指定非常规战争技术支持局作为牵头机构。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 224 (\"National Security and Defense Artificial Intelligence Institute\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Authorize the Secretary of Defense to establish AI Institutes focused on national security. Directs support for interdisciplinary AI research, partnership, innovation ecosystems, and workforce development. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 224 条（“国家安全与国防人工智能研究所”）", "description_zh": "授权国防部长建立专注于国家安全的人工智能研究所。指导对跨学科人工智能研究、合作伙伴关系、创新生态系统和劳动力发展的支持。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 350 (\"Pilot program for data-enabled ground vehicle maintenance\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Establishes a pilot program for the Armed Forces to apply AI in ground vehicle maintenance. Requires assessment of AI feasibility, effectiveness, cost savings, and cybersecurity risks. Requires a report to Congress. Terminates authority by January 1, 2029.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 350 条（“基于数据的地面车辆维护试点计划”）", "description_zh": "为武装部队建立一个试点计划，将人工智能应用于地面车辆维护。需要评估人工智能的可行性、有效性、成本节约和网络安全风险。需要向国会提交报告。 2029 年 1 月 1 日终止授权。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 6601 (\"Artificial Intelligence security guidance\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires National Security Agency Director to develop AI security guidance defending against nation-state theft or sabotage, identify vulnerabilities, and collaborate with external entities. Requires publishing and updating the guidance at classified or unclassified levels.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 6601 条（“人工智能安全指南”）", "description_zh": "要求国家安全局局长制定人工智能安全指南，防止国家盗窃或破坏、识别漏洞并与外部实体合作。需要在机密或非机密级别发布和更新指南。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 547 (\"Pilot program for generative artificial intelligence and spatial computing for performance training and proficiency assessment\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of the Navy to develop a pilot program for generative AI and spatial computing in training. Requires assessment of feasibility compared to other methods. Directs a report on program results 90 days post-termination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 547 条（“用于绩效培训和能力评估的生成式人工智能和空间计算试点计划”）", "description_zh": "指示海军部长在训练中制定生成式人工智能和空间计算的试点计划。需要评估与其他方法相比的可行性。终止后 90 天指导一份计划结果报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 245 (\"Biological data for artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to develop requirements ensuring DoD-funded biological data resources facilitate AI use. Defines \"qualified biological data,\" includes metrics for data quality, cybersecurity safeguards, privacy protections, and allows national security exceptions. Requires the Secretary to consult relevant sectors about the feasibility of new requirements and review existing frameworks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 245 条（“人工智能生物数据”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长制定要求，确保国防部资助的生物数据资源促进人工智能的使用。定义“合格的生物数据”，包括数据质量指标、网络安全保障、隐私保护，并允许国家安全例外。要求部长就新要求的可行性咨询相关部门并审查现有框架。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1007 (\"Use of technology using artificial intelligence to facilitate audit of the financial statements of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2026\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Encourages the Secretaries of Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Force to use AI for auditing financial statements. Requires the Director of the Chief Digital and AI Office to oversee AI adoption for financial management, coordinating with relevant defense officials.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1007 条（“使用人工智能技术促进国防部 2026 财年财务报表的审计”）", "description_zh": "鼓励国防部长、陆军、海军和空军部长使用人工智能审计财务报表。要求首席数字和人工智能办公室主任与相关国防官员协调，监督财务管理中人工智能的采用。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1515 (\"Incorporation of artificial intelligence considerations into cybersecurity training\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense, via the Chief Information Officer, to revise cybersecurity training for Armed Forces and civilian employees to include AI-related cybersecurity challenges within one year of the Act’s enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1515 条（“将人工智能考虑因素纳入网络安全培训”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长在该法案颁布后一年内通过首席信息官修改针对武装部队和文职人员的网络安全培训，以纳入与人工智能相关的网络安全挑战。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1534 (\"Digital sandbox environments for artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense, via the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer, to establish an AI sandbox task force by April 2026 to facilitate AI experimentation and deployment. Identifies members and duties, with termination by January 2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1534 条（“人工智能的数字沙箱环境”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长通过首席数字和人工智能官在 2026 年 4 月之前建立人工智能沙盒工作组，以促进人工智能实验和部署。确定成员和职责，并于 2030 年 1 月终止。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 347 (\"Integration of commercially available artificial intelligence capabilities into logistics operations\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Facilitates integration of commercial AI for logistics into two Department of Defense exercises in 2026. Directs the Secretary of Defense to brief Congress on exercise specifics and AI integration impact on readiness and operations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 347 条（“将商用人工智能能力整合到物流运营中”）", "description_zh": "促进将商业人工智能物流集成到 2026 年的两次国防部演习中。指示国防部长向国会简要介绍演习细节以及人工智能集成对战备和作战的影响。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1512 (\"Artificial intelligence and machine learning security in the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to develop a cybersecurity policy for AI/ML systems no later than 180 days after the act is passed. Develop a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of the AI/ML policies. Addresses potential security risks, implements methods to mitigate those risks, and establishes standard policy. Requires a comprehensive report of the threats and cybersecurity measures by August 31, 2026.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 1512 条（“国防部的人工智能和机器学习安全”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长在法案通过后 180 天内制定人工智能/机器学习系统的网络安全政策。 对人工智能/机器学习政策的有效性进行全面审查。解决潜在的安全风险，实施减轻这些风险的方法，并建立标准策略。 要求在 2026 年 8 月 31 日之前提交有关威胁和网络安全措施的全面报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 1535 (\"Artificial Intelligence Futures Steering Committee\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Futures Steering Committee by April 1, 2026, under the Secretary of Defense. Directs it to develop policies for AI adoption, assess AI trajectories, and analyze AI risks and adversary developments. Requires quarterly meetings and a report to U.S. Congress by January 31, 2027.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法案第 1535 条（“人工智能未来指导委员会”）", "description_zh": "于 2026 年 4 月 1 日之前成立人工智能未来指导委员会，由国防部长领导。指导其制定人工智能采用政策、评估人工智能轨迹并分析人工智能风险和对手的发展。要求每季度召开一次会议，并在 2027 年 1 月 31 日之前向美国国会提交报告。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, Section 225 (\"Advanced robotic automation for munitions manufacturing\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1071/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Army to support robotic automation in munitions manufacturing. Includes objectives like safe system design, increased production, cyber security, and workforce training. Coordinates with relevant departments and briefs Congress by March 1, 2026.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: New institution", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 财年国防授权法第 225 条（“军火制造的先进机器人自动化”）", "description_zh": "要求陆军部长支持弹药制造中的机器人自动化。包括安全系统设计、提高产量、网络安全和劳动力培训等目标。与相关部门协调，并在 2026 年 3 月 1 日之前向国会通报情况。" }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "L.A. Housing Outreach, LLC v. Medoff", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1255/LA_Housing_Outreach_v._Mdeoff_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | The opinion notes many citations in counsel's reply brief were incorrect or did not exist; the court struck the brief and relied on this factual finding when imposing sanctions. Outcome: Reply brief struck; monetary sanction; State Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "L.A. Housing Outreach, LLC 诉 Medoff", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|意见指出，律师答复摘要中的许多引文不正确或不存在；法院驳回了案情摘要，并在实施制裁时依据了这一事实调查结果。结果：回复简短来袭；金钱制裁；州律师协会推荐。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reply brief struck; monetary sanction; State Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "5070 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Burlingame v. Argo Private Client Group, Ltd. et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1254/Burlingame_v_ARGO_Private_Client_Group_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel included quotations attributed to In re Vivendi Universal that do not appear in that decision; the court flagged the quoted language as absent from the cited opinion.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Burlingame 诉 Argo Private Client Group, Ltd. 等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了 In re Vivendi Universal 的引文，但该判决中并未出现这些引文；法院将所引用的语言标记为不存在于所引用的意见中。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Friend v. Serpa", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1252/Friend_v_Serpa_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee included multiple non-existent case citations (phantom authority); court found them fabricated and instructed they be disregarded. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗兰德诉塞尔帕", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛罗里达州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被上诉人引用了多个不存在的案例（虚假权威）；法院认定这些内容是捏造的，并指示不要理会它们。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Russel Williams Home Services LLC v. Minleon International (USA) Limited LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1253/Russel_Williams_Home_Services_v._Minleaon_Int_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the M.D. Pennsylvania. False Quotes: Case Law | Minleon attributed a quotation to Abbott Lab'ys v. Sandoz, Inc. that does not appear in that case; the court found the purported quote invented and noted Sandoz actually says price erosion is evidence of irreparable harm. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Russel Williams Home Services LLC 诉 Minleon International (USA) Limited LLC 等。", "description_zh": "律师在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士面前出庭。虚假引述：判例法| Minleon 引用了 Abbott Lab'ys v. Sandoz, Inc. 的引述，但该引述并未出现在该案中；法院发现，所谓的报价是捏造的，并指出山德士实际上表示价格侵蚀是不可挽回的损害的证据。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2025", "title": "Halpern v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1257/halpern_v._Fed_NY_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. False Quotes: Case Law | Halpern repeatedly attributed a non-existent quotation to Fed. Rsrv. Bank of St. Louis v. Metrocentre Improvement Dist. #1, 657 F.2d 183; the court found the quotation does not appear in that case or elsewhere and called the attribution improper.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Halpern 诉纽约联邦储备银行等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|哈尔彭一再将不存在的报价归因于美联储。预留。圣路易斯银行诉 Metrocentre Improvement Dist. #1，657 F.2d 183；法院认为该引述并未出现在该案或其他地方，并称归属不当。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "PRM Group, Inc. v. Paralegal Bootcamp LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1683/PRM_Group_v._Paralegal_Bootcamp_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion to Dismiss contained multiple fictitious case authorities; Plaintiff could not locate nine cited cases and alerted defendants; Court cited 'citation of fictitious legal authority' as grounds for show-cause. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PRM Group, Inc. 诉律师助理 Bootcamp LLC", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。捏造：判例法|驳回动议包含多个虚构的案件主管机构；原告无法找到九个引用的案例并提醒被告；法院以“援引虚构的法律权威”作为辩解的理由。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Angelica E. Cruz et al. v. United States of America", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1193/Cruz_v._USA_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' opposition cited 'Kennedy v. United States, 2022 WL 17684317, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 3, 2022)'; Defendant and the Court were unable to locate any such case; counsel admitted not checking citations and attributed it to outside counsel; Court ordered show cause und... Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安吉丽卡·E·克鲁兹等人。诉美利坚合众国", "description_zh": "律师出现在 C.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告的反对理由是“肯尼迪诉美国，2022 WL 17684317，*4（C.D. Cal. 2022 年 10 月 3 日）”；被告和法院无法找到任何此类案件；律师承认没有检查引文并将其归咎于外部律师；法院下令出示原因并... 结果：下令出示原因。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "McMillian v. Zimmer US, Inc", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1249/In_re_Zimmer_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Other | Plaintiff's counsel filed papers containing unspecified AI-generated hallucinations and inaccuracies (ECF Nos. 100-03); counsel conceded the errors and the Court imposed sanctions. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦克米兰诉 Zimmer US, Inc", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。纽约。制作：其他|原告律师提交的文件包含未具体说明的人工智能生成的幻觉和不准确之处（ECF Nos. 100-03）；律师承认了错误，法院实施了制裁。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "9000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Taylor v. Prince George’s County, Maryland", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1194/Taylor_v._Prince_Goerge_Country_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Arnold v. Burger King Corp., 719 F.2d 63, 65 (4th Cir. 1983) as a per curiam opinion reversing a fee award; the court notes Arnold is a real case but not per curiam and it affirmed a fee award.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰勒诉马里兰州乔治王子县", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Arnold v. Burger King Corp., 719 F.2d 63, 65 (4th Cir. 1983) 作为推翻费用裁决的依据意见；法院指出阿诺德是一个真实的案件，但并非按照标准，并确认了费用裁决。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "In re Ricardo Andres Romeu", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1192/In_re_Romeu_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Relator's brief included a citation to a non-existent case; the court identified it as false and warned of possible future sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于里卡多·安德烈斯·罗梅乌", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法| Relator 的简报中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院认定其为虚假信息，并警告未来可能实施制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Michael Redwine v. Unum Life Insurance Company of America", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1250/Redwine_v._Unum_USA_16_DEcember_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited McBeth v. Metro Life Ins. Co., 2006 WL 2792439 (E.D. Va. Sept. 26, 2006); the Court could not locate the case and notes the plaintiff admitted it was generated by AI tools.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "迈克尔·雷德温 (Michael Redwine) 诉 Unum Life Insurance Company of America", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Virginia 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|原告援引了 McBeth 诉 Metro Life Ins 案。 Co.，2006 WL 2792439（弗吉尼亚州东区法院，2006 年 9 月 26 日）；法院无法找到该案件，并指出原告承认该案件是由人工智能工具生成的。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Dorsey v. Jones", "url": "/documents/1200/Dorsey_v_Jones_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Delaware C. Ch.. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found briefs cited false legal authority (fabricated or incorrect citations) and concluded GenAI may have produced the content. Outcome: Order to certify future filings re: AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多尔西诉琼斯", "description_zh": "律师出现在特拉华州刑事法院。编造：判例法 |法院发现摘要引用了虚假的法律权威（捏造或不正确的引用），并得出结论可能是 GenAI 制作了这些内容。结果：命令证明未来有关人工智能的申请。", "court": "Delaware C. Ch.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to certify future filings re: AI", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Holmes Family Trust v. Multnomah County Assessor", "url": "/documents/1251/Holmes_Family_Trust_v_Multnomah_County_Assessor_uSA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Oregon Tax Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Dept. of Rev. v. Sec'y of State, 16 OTR 350, 359 (2003)'; court found the case does not exist and likely resulted from generative AI; court declined to sanction but admonished Plaintiff. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍姆斯家庭信托诉摩特诺玛县评估员", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州税务法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“部门”的说法。 Rev. v. Sec'y of State，16 OTR 350, 359 (2003)'；法院认定此案不存在，很可能是由生成式人工智能造成的；法院拒绝制裁，但对原告进行了训诫。结果：警告。", "court": "Oregon Tax Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Christina Garcia v. Atwater Elementary Teachers Association", "url": "/documents/1240/Garcia_v._Atwater_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the California PERB. Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal repeatedly cited a nonexistent PERB decision 'Teamsters Local 150 (PERB Dec. No. 2789)'; the Board found the decision does not exist and that the citation was fabricated via AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯蒂娜·加西亚诉阿特沃特小学教师协会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州 PERB 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|上诉多次引用了不存在的 PERB 决定“Teamsters Local 150 (PERB Dec. No. 2789)”；委员会发现该决定不存在，并且该罚单是通过人工智能伪造的。结果：警告。", "court": "California PERB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Howell Management Services, LLC v. Vashisht-Rota", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1247/Howell_Management_Services_LLC_v_Vashisht-Rota_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Three of the five cases the appellant cited do not exist; the court found multiple cited authorities were fabricated. Outcome: Fine and adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Howell Management Services, LLC 诉 Vashisht-Rota", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|上诉人所举的五个案件中，有三个不存在；法院发现多个引用的权威都是捏造的。结果：罚款和不利的成本订单。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Fine and adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "64235 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Sayali Kulkarni & Abhijit Kulkarni v. Merit Systems Protection Board", "url": "/documents/1180/ABHIJIT_KULKARNI_v._MSPB_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Federal Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief cites “Special Counsel v. Hatch, 654 F.3d 1376, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2011),” a citation the court identifies as incorrect (reporter citation actually corresponds to CyberSource Corp. v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2011)). Court treated this as a ... Outcome: Affirmed the Board; granted motions to strike the Kulkarnis' informal reply briefs containing the false citations/quotes.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sayali Kulkarni 和 Abhijit Kulkarni 诉功绩制度保护委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州联邦巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|回复摘要引用了“特别顾问诉 Hatch, 654 F.3d 1376, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2011)”，该引文被法院认定为不正确（记者引文实际上对应于 Cyber​​Source Corp. v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2011)）。法院将此视为……结果：确认了董事会；批准了删除 Kulkarnis 包含虚假引文/引用的非正式答复摘要的动议。", "court": "CA Federal Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed the Board; granted motions to strike the Kulkarnis' informal reply briefs containing the false citations/quotes", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Braica v. Frankowski (Anthony Braica v. Tom Frankowski)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1198/Braica_v._Frankowski_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Connecticut. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a wholly fabricated quotation to this real case. Outcome: Briefs struck; warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布雷卡诉弗兰克夫斯基（安东尼·布雷卡诉汤姆·弗兰克夫斯基）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将这一真实案例归结为完全捏造的引述。结果：内裤被击中；警告。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Briefs struck; warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Harvey v. Torrent Leasing & U.S. Bank", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1248/Harvey_v._Torrent_Leasing_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Nevada. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff included a fabricated/incorrect quotation attributed to Nesses v. Shepard; the court identified the quotation as fake. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈维诉 Torrent Leasing 和美国银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Nevada 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假引述：判例法|原告在 Nesses v. Shepard 案中引用了捏造/不正确的引文；法院认定该报价是假的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Liza Gardner v. Sean Combs, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1179/Gardner_v._Combs_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case 'United States v. Masha' generated by AI and relied on propositions attributed to it; court confirmed the case does not exist and counsel admitted AI produced the citation and he failed to verify. Outcome: Monetary fine; Bar Referral; Order to serve order to Client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丽莎·加德纳诉肖恩·库姆斯等人。", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|律师引用了人工智能生成的一个不存在的案件“美国诉玛莎”，并依赖于其提出的主张；法院确认此案不存在，律师承认 AI 出具了传票，但他未能核实。结果：罚款；酒吧推荐；订单向客户提供订单。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary fine; Bar Referral; Order to serve order to Client", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Robert W. Williams, Sr. v. Assistant District Attorney John R. Canavan, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1246/Williams_v._Canavan_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Misrepresented: Case Law | AI misrepresented the jurisdiction and precedential weight of Doe v. Public Citizen, claiming it was a Third Circuit on-point decision when it is a Fourth Circuit case about access to judicial records. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "老罗伯特·W·威廉姆斯 (Robert W. Williams) 诉助理地区检察官约翰·R·卡纳万 (John R. Canavan) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法|大赦国际歪曲了美国能源部诉公众公民一案的管辖权和先例权重，声称这是第三巡回法院的正确裁决，而实际上这是关于获取司法记录的第四巡回法院案件。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 December 2025", "title": "Johnson / Estate of Fisher v. City of Annapolis", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/12/12/annapolis-accused-of-ai-fabrication-in-legal-filing-city-attorney-fired-but-maybe-not-because-of-that/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: (Attorney was dismissed by its client).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰逊/费舍尔庄园诉安纳波利斯市", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。捏造：判例法结果：（律师被其委托人解雇）。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "(Attorney was dismissed by its client)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 December 2025", "title": "Troy Allen Berg v. Mandi Marie Wondra", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1245/Berg_v._Wondra_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Petitioner relied on a Ninth Circuit decision that was subsequently vacated by the Supreme Court. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特洛伊·艾伦·伯格 v. 曼迪·玛丽·旺德拉", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。过时的建议：推翻判例法|申请人依据的是第九巡回法院的裁决，该裁决随后被最高法院撤销。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 December 2025", "title": "Jordan v. Beskrone (In re Prehired LLC)", "url": "/documents/1244/in_re_Jordan_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Delaware (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint included citations to opinions that do not exist; court identified these fabricated citations (noted in June 9, 2025 letter) and attributed them to likely AI misuse. Outcome: Second Amended Complaint dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jordan 诉 Beskrone（关于 Prehired LLC）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在特拉华州 D. 法院（破产）出庭。捏造：判例法|投诉包括引用不存在的观点；法院认定了这些捏造的引文（在 2025 年 6 月 9 日的信中指出），并将其归因于可能的人工智能滥用。结果：第二次修订后的申诉被驳回。", "court": "D. Delaware (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Second Amended Complaint dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "McLain v. Board of County Commissioners of Sedgwick County, Kansas, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1168/McLain_v_Sedgwick_County_Sheriffs_Office_USA_11_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a case that the court found had 'no bearing on the proposition' for which it was cited, treated as a misapplied/misrepresented authority likely produced by AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦克莱恩诉堪萨斯州塞奇威克县县专员委员会等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了一个案例，法院认为该案例“与其引用的命题无关”，被视为可能由人工智能产生的误用/歪曲权威。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "Preston House v. TH Foods, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1167/House_v._TH_Foods_USA_11_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited real cases but attributed them to the wrong courts or to propositions those cases do not support. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Preston House 诉 TH Foods, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了真实的案例，但将其归咎于错误的法院或这些案例不支持的主张。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/eliminating-state-law-obstruction-of-national-artificial-intelligence-policy/", "description": "Establishes an AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state regulations hindering United States Artificial Intelligence (AI) dominance. Directs an evaluation to identify state laws that mandate ideological bias or alter truthful model outputs. Restricts state access to federal funding, such as the Broadband Equity Access and Deployment program, unless states comply with a proposed national policy framework designed to preempt conflicting state-level AI mandates. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于确保人工智能国家政策框架的行政命令", "description_zh": "成立人工智能诉讼工作组，挑战阻碍美国人工智能 (AI) 主导地位的州法规。指导评估以确定强制意识形态偏见或改变真实模型输出的州法律。限制各州获得联邦资金，例如宽带公平接入和部署计划，除非各州遵守旨在抢占相互冲突的州级人工智能指令的拟议国家政策框架。" }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Sharky’s Sports Bar, et al. v. Village of Mt. Morris, Illinois, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1174/Sharkys_Sports_Bar_et_al_v_Village_of_Mt_Morris_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found 'Rowe v. State of Lombard' exists but the reporter volume and first page were represented inaccurately in the Swanlunds' filing; citation details were misreported. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sharky’s Sports Bar 等。诉伊利诺伊州莫里斯山村等人。", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|法院认定“罗诉伦巴第州”确实存在，但斯万伦德夫妇的文件中报告者卷和首页的表述不准确；引文细节被误报。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Russell v. Mells", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/12/11/self-represented-plaintiff-files-lawsuit-court-spots-ai-hallucinated-citations-in-defense-lawyers-filings/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's brief cited a non-existent authority, \"Cade v. Roberts, 403 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981),\" as support for a motion-to-dismiss principle; court's research found no such reported case and that the cited page belonged to Girardeau v. State, which is unrelated. Outcome: Order to Show Cause; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉塞尔诉梅尔斯案", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|被上诉人的摘要引用了一个不存在的权威，“Cade v. Roberts, 403 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)”，作为对驳回动议原则的支持；法院的研究发现没有此类报道案例，并且引用的页面属于 Girardeau v. State，两者无关。结果：命令说明原因；酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause; Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "James Fahey v. Wally’s Las Vegas, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1166/Fahey_v_Wallys_Las_Vegas_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Hagen v. Williams, No. 2:18-cv-00425, 2020 WL 1272618,' but the court found the case name, docket number, and database identifier do not correspond and the citation appears nonexistent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James Fahey 诉 Wally’s Las Vegas, LLC 等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Hagen v. Williams，No. 2:18-cv-00425, 2020 WL 1272618”，但法院发现案件名称、案卷编号和数据库标识符不对应，并且引文似乎不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "South Side Area School District et. al v. Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Pennsylvania CC. False Quotes: Case Law | Citation to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from the Bayada case for a quote that does not exist in that case", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "南区学区等。等人诉宾夕法尼亚州人际关系委员会", "description_zh": "律师在宾夕法尼亚州民事法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|宾夕法尼亚州最高法院从巴亚达案中引用了该案中不存在的引文", "court": "Pennsylvania CC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Sean Gottlieb v. Adtalem Global Education", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1165/Gottlieb_v._Adtalem_Global_Education_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sean Gottlieb 诉 Adtalem Global Education", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：说明原因的命令。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 December 2025", "title": "Russell v. Mells", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/12/11/self-represented-plaintiff-files-lawsuit-court-spots-ai-hallucinated-citations-in-defense-lawyers-filings/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's brief cited a nonexistent case, 'Cade v. Roberts, 403 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)'; court found no reported case by that name and that the cited reporter page pertained to an unrelated opinion (Girardeau v. State). Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉塞尔诉梅尔斯案", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述引用了一个不存在的案件，“Cade v. Roberts, 403 So”。 2d 516（佛罗里达州第 5 届 DCA 1981）'；法院没有发现该名称的报道案件，并且引用的记者页面涉及不相关的意见（吉拉多诉国家）。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Scott M. Boger v. City of Harrisonburg, Virginia, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1173/Boger_v._Harrisonburg_USA_9_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Snider Int’l Corp. v. City of Norfolk, 739 F.3d 140, 150 (4th Cir. 2014)'; the court could not identify a case by that name and noted the reporter corresponds to Snider Int’l Corp. v. Town of Forest Heights, Md., 739 F.3d 140, which does not support pla... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Scott M. Boger 诉弗吉尼亚州哈里森堡市等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“Snider Int’l Corp. v. City of Norfolk, 739 F.3d 140, 150 (4th Cir. 2014)”；法院无法识别该名称的案件，并指出记者对应的是 Snider Int’l Corp. v. Town of Forest Heights, Md., 739 F.3d 140，该案件不支持计划... 结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 December 2025", "title": "Christian Dusablon v. Hugh A. Gibbs and Union Logistics, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1172/Dusablon_v._Gibbs_USA_9_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited 'Spinale v. United States 2009 WL 792089, at 3 (S.D.N.Y. March 24, 2009)', which neither Defendants nor the Court could locate; Court noted incorrect/non-existent citation may indicate AI hallucination and warned counsel to certify future AI use. Outcome: Warning; Order to Certify validity of future citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Christian Dusablon 诉 Hugh A. Gibbs and Union Logistics, LLC", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了“Spinale v. United States 2009 WL 792089, at 3 (S.D.N.Y. March 24, 2009)”，被告和法院均无法找到该证据；法院指出，不正确/不存在的引文可能表明人工智能的幻觉，并警告律师证明未来人工智能的使用。结果：警告；命令证明未来引文的有效性。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; Order to Certify validity of future citations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Brian Jeffrey Hall Jr. v. Halsted Financial Services, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1171/Hall_v._Halsted_Financial_USA_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Younger v. Experian, 2023 WL 3260198 (E.D. Pa. May 4, 2023)'; the court was unable to locate the decision on research databases and concluded it likely does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Brian Jeffrey Hall Jr. 诉 Halsted Financial Services, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Younger 诉 Experian，2023 WL 3260198（宾夕法尼亚州东部地区法院，2023 年 5 月 4 日）”；法院无法在研究数据库中找到该决定，并得出结论，该决定可能不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Jodell Dodge v. FirstService Residential Arizona LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1195/Dodge_v._FirstService_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Federally Lawyer in proceedings before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited case does not exist. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jodell Dodge 诉 FirstService Residential Arizona LLC", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党的诉讼中使用联邦律师。捏造：判例法|法院认定所引案件不存在。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Federally Lawyer", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 December 2025", "title": "Thomas Duncan v. Gridhawk et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1177/Duncan_v_GridHawk_USA_6_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Valdez v. Joy Techs., 201 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2000)'; the court determined this case does not exist and the citation was fabricated. Outcome: Plaintiff's objections struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托马斯·邓肯诉 Gridhawk 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Texas 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Valdez v. Joy Techs., 201 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2000)”；法院认定此案不存在，并且传票是捏造的。结果：原告的反对意见成立。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's objections struck", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "In re: Nupeutics Natural, Inc.; Gladstone v. Peatross", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1164/Gladstone_-_Nupeutics_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. California. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Motion paraphrased Rule 9006(b)(1) inaccurately regarding the court's authority to extend time for excusable neglect; Court noted the wording differed from the actual rule. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; CLE; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于：Nupeutics Natural, Inc.；格莱斯顿诉皮特罗斯", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。歪曲事实：法律规范|动议对第 9006(b)(1) 条规则的解释不准确，涉及法院因可原谅的疏忽而延长时间的权力；法院指出，措辞与实际规则不同。结果：金钱制裁；语言学习；酒吧推荐。", "court": "S.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "950 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Mullins v. Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1176/Mullins_v._DUQUESNE_UNIVERSITY_OF_the_Holy_Spirit_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Pennsylvania. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quote to Long v. SEPTA that does not appear in the Long opinion; court treated this as a phantom/erroneous quote identified by defense counsel. Outcome: Reply struck; Order to disclose AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马林斯诉杜肯圣灵大学", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州西区法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Long v. SEPTA 的一段引述，但该引述并未出现在 Long 意见中；法院将此视为辩护律师认定的虚假/错误引述。结果：回复被击中；命令披露人工智能的使用。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reply struck; Order to disclose AI use", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Donnie Yarn and Deshawn Murphy v. Trader Joe's", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1151/Yarn_et_al._v_Traders_joe_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Miskew v. Hess, 211 Or. App. 499 (2007),' which the court found does not exist and noted may have been created by a generative AI tool; the citation prompted an order to show cause re sanctions. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Donnie Yarn 和 Deshawn Murphy 诉 Trader Joe’s 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Miskew v. Hess”，211 Or。应用程序。 499 (2007)”，法院认为该文件不存在，并指出可能是由生成式人工智能工具创建的；该传票促使下令表明重新实施制裁的理由。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Associated Builders and Contractors v. Bucks County Community College", "url": "/documents/1140/Associated_Builds_v._Bucks_County_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CC Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | The College's initial appellate brief included AI-generated fabricated case citations and factual representations; the court struck the brief and declined to consider it. Outcome: Brief struck and ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联合建筑商和承包商诉巴克斯县社区学院", "description_zh": "律师在宾夕法尼亚州民事诉讼中使用身份不明的程序。捏造：判例法|该学院最初的上诉简报包括人工智能生成的捏造案例引文和事实陈述；法院驳回了该案情摘要并拒绝考虑。结果：短暂的打击并被忽视。", "court": "CC Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief struck and ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Shana Jordan, et al. v. Chicago Housing Authority et al.", "url": "/documents/1159/Jordan_v._CHA_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CC Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | CHA relied on a non-existent case as controlling authority for admitting alternative-source evidence; plaintiffs identified it as fabricated and CHA conceded it was produced by an attorney using AI. Outcome: Motion partly struck; Monetary sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "夏娜·乔丹等人。诉芝加哥住房管理局等人。", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州 CC 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法| CHA 依靠一个不存在的案件作为接受替代来源证据的控制机构；原告认为它是捏造的，CHA 承认它是由律师使用人工智能制作的。结果：动议部分完成；金钱制裁。", "court": "CC Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Motion partly struck; Monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "59500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC v. Paul Evans, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1144/Black_Oak_Capital_v._Paul_Evans_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Utah. Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited Rawson v. Mathews, 212 P.3d 752, 756–57 (Utah 2009) to support equitable tolling; court determined the opinion does not exist and called it a hallucinated case. Outcome: Order for counsel to read cited authorities and file a certification within 30 days.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC 诉 Paul Evans, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在犹他州联邦法院。捏造：判例法|反对派援引 Rawson v. Mathews, 212 P.3d 752, 756–57 (Utah 2009) 来支持公平收费；法院认定该意见不存在，并称其为幻觉案件。结果：命令律师阅读引用的权威文件并在 30 天内提交证明。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order for counsel to read cited authorities and file a certification within 30 days", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Dorsey v. Ponce, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1145/Dorsey_v._Al_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'State v. Slowikowski, Ohio 2003,' which the court could not locate and flagged as an invalid/nonexistent citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "多尔西诉庞塞等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“State v. Slowikowski, Ohio 2003”，但法院无法找到该引用并将其标记为无效/不存在的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Hilpert v. 16 Judge SPV LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1236/Hilpert_v_16_Judge_SPV_LLC_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed seven quotations to cases that do not contain those quotations; the court found these to be fabricated or misattributed quotations relied on in his motion papers. Outcome: Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "希尔珀特诉 16 法官 SPV LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约 SC 上出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将七个引文归因于不包含这些引文的案件；法院认为这些内容是他的动议文件中所引用的捏造或错误的引文。结果：成本订单。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Dalton Gage Hill v. Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Authority et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1131/Hill_v._Oklahoma_County_Criminal_Justice_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the W.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response (Doc. 97) included multiple non-existent case citations generated by Chat GPT; court found the citations fictitious and counsel admitted AI use. Outcome: Costs Order; Mandatory disclosure of AI use in future filings; CLE obligation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "道尔顿盖奇希尔诉俄克拉荷马县刑事司法局等人。", "description_zh": "律师在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告的答复（Doc. 97）包括 Chat GPT 生成的多个不存在的案例引用；法院认定这些传票是虚构的，律师承认使用了人工智能。结果：成本订单；在未来的文件中强制披露人工智能的使用情况； CLE 义务。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Costs Order; Mandatory disclosure of AI use in future filings; CLE obligation", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Jacob Barry Allston v. Ron DeSantis, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1139/Allston_v._Florida_Revenue_Dept_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a purported Eleventh Circuit case 'United States v. Roses, 39 F.4th 113 (11th Cir. 2022)' which the Court found does not appear to be a real case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雅各布·巴里·奥尔斯顿诉罗恩·德桑蒂斯等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个所谓的第十一巡回法院案件“United States v. Roses, 39 F.4th 113 (11th Cir. 2022)”，法院认为该案件似乎不是真实案件。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "04 December 2025", "title": "HR 6461 Resources for Evaluating and Documenting AI Models 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6461/text?s=1&r=1", "description": "Directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology to establish a pilot program for creating best practices and technical guidance on AI model documentation. Involves stakeholders, publishes drafts for public comment, and evaluates effectiveness within 12 months.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR 6461 2025 年评估和记录 AI 模型的资源", "description_zh": "指示美国国家标准与技术研究院建立试点计划，以创建人工智能模型文档的最佳实践和技术指南。让利益相关者参与，发布草案征求公众意见，并在 12 个月内评估有效性。" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Ringo v. Colquhoun Design Studio, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1122/Ringo_v._Colquhoun_Design_Studio_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Second fabricated case citation in respondents' brief; court determined the cited authority does not exist. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Brief struck.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ringo 诉 Colquhoun Design Studio, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在加州俄勒冈州出庭。捏造：判例法|受访者简介中第二次捏造案例引用；法院认定所引用的权威不存在。结果：金钱制裁；短暂的打击。", "court": "CA Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Brief struck", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Eddie Lawrence Quitugua v. Donna P. Quitugua, et al.", "url": "/documents/1149/Quitugua_v._Quitugua_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Guam. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited decision and suspects this cited authority may be an AI-fabricated case; flagged as potentially fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃迪·劳伦斯·奎图瓜 (Eddie Lawrence Quitugua) 诉唐娜·P·奎图瓜 (Donna P. Quitugua) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在关岛 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到引用的判决，怀疑引用的权威机构可能是人工智能捏造的案件；被标记为可能捏造的引用。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Guam", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Juan Villalovos-Gutierrez, et al. v. Gerard Van De Pol (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1150/Villalovos_v._van_de_pol_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation “Ho v. Ernst & Young LLP, 2011 WL 7106622, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2011)” to be incorrect or not supporting the asserted proposition; flagged as possibly fictitious or mis-cited. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "胡安·比利亚洛沃斯-古铁雷斯等人。诉杰拉德·范德波尔 (1)", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|法院认为引文“Ho v. Ernst & Young LLP, 2011 WL 7106622, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2011)”不正确或不支持所主张的主张；被标记为可能虚构或错误引用。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Rashonna Moore v. City of Del City", "url": "/documents/1143/Moore_v._City_of_Del_City_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Tenth Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Eleven case citations in Moore's appellate brief could not be located on Westlaw; court concluded they appear fabricated and ordered Moore to produce copies or explain their origin. Outcome: District court judgment affirmed; alternatively appeal dismissed as a sanction for misuse of GenAI; Future disclosure of GenAI use and verification of citations ordered, under penalty of perjury..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉肖娜·摩尔诉德尔城市", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第十巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|在 Westlaw 上无法找到摩尔上诉案情摘要中的 11 个案例引用；法院得出结论，这些内容似乎是捏造的，并命令摩尔提供副本或解释其来源。结果：维持地区法院判决；或者上诉被驳回，作为对滥用 GenAI 的制裁；未来对 GenAI 使用的披露和对引文的验证将受到伪证罪的处罚。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "District court judgment affirmed; alternatively appeal dismissed as a sanction for misuse of GenAI; Future disclosure of GenAI use and verification of citations ordered, under penalty of perjury.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Farrow v. John Does", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1148/Farrow_v._Does_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent decision; the court identified the citation as to a case that does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "法罗诉约翰·多斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的决定；法院认定该引文是针对一个不存在的案件。", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "United States v. Brian Boehm", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1123/USA_v._Boehm_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited United States v. Helena, 906 F.3d 288, 291 (3d Cir. 2018) to suggest only a court (not probation) may impose supervised-release conditions; Helena did not involve a probation officer imposing conditions and was mischaracterized. Outcome: Ordered disclosure of AI use and affidavit certifying accuracy of citations for future filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉布莱恩·博姆", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士面前。歪曲事实：判例法|引用 United States v. Helena, 906 F.3d 288, 291 (3d Cir. 2018)，建议只有法院（而非缓刑）可以施加监督释放条件；海伦娜没有涉及缓刑官员施加条件，因此被错误地描述。结果：下令披露人工智能的使用情况，并提供宣誓书，证明未来提交的引文的准确性。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Ordered disclosure of AI use and affidavit certifying accuracy of citations for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Saregama India Ltd. v. Bharath Aiyer, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1158/Saregama_India_v_gnJ3n4j._Ayer_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply cited 'Khurana v. State of N.Y., No. 16-cv ... 2019 WL 1430202' — Court observed this cited case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Saregama India Ltd. 诉 Bharath Aiyer 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|答复引用了“Khurana 诉纽约州，No. 16-cv ... 2019 WL 1430202”——法院认为该引用案例不存在。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "03 December 2025", "title": "S3339 AI Workforce Projections, Research, and Evaluations to Promote AI Readiness and Employment Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3339", "description": "Establishes the AI Workforce PREPARE Act to improve forecasts of AI's impact on the U.S. workforce. Requires collecting AI adoption data, predicting employment shifts, and incentivizing expert recruitment for AI analysis. Enhances labor market data access and mandates AI-related layoff disclosures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S3339 《2025 年人工智能劳动力预测、研究和评估以促进人工智能准备和就业法案》", "description_zh": "制定《人工智能劳动力准备法案》，以改进人工智能对美国劳动力影响的预测。需要收集人工智能采用数据，预测就业变化，并激励招聘专家进行人工智能分析。增强劳动力市场数据访问并强制要求披露与人工智能相关的裁员信息。" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Jarrus et al. v. Governor of Michigan et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1124/Jarrus_v._Gov_of_Michigan_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT Plus in proceedings before the E.D. Michigan. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Krupski for the proposition that relation-back amendment is mandatory; court found Krupski does not establish that mandatory rule and the plaintiffs overstated the case's holding. Outcome: Monetary sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贾勒斯等人。 v. 密歇根州州长等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 ChatGPT Plus。密歇根州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了克鲁普斯基的论点，即关系回溯修正是强制性的；法院认为克鲁普斯基并未确立该强制性规则，并且原告夸大了案件的主张。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT Plus", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "In re: Avi Schwalb", "url": "/documents/1155/In_re_Schwalb_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'In re Plaza de Diego Shopping Ctr., 911 F.3d 820 (1st Cir. 2018)'; the Court determined that citation does not exist and noted a similarly named 1990 opinion at 911 F.2d 820 was inapplicable. Outcome: Court rejected reliance on the citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：阿维·施瓦布", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 法院（破产）面前出庭。捏造：判例法|债务人引用“In re Plaza de Diego Shopping Ctr., 911 F.3d 820 (1st Cir. 2018)”；法院认定该引文不存在，并指出 911 F.2d 820 中类似名称的 1990 年意见不适用。结果：法院驳回了对传票的依赖。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court rejected reliance on the citation", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Magee v. New Balance Athletics, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1156/Magee_v._New_Balance_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's AI-generated filing included two entirely fabricated case citations; New Balance identified and alleged fabrication in its motion to strike; the Court relied on the motion and stricken the filing. Outcome: Brief Stricken; Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Magee 诉 New Balance Athletics, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。阿肯色州。捏造：判例法|原告的人工智能生成的文件包括两个完全捏造的案例引文； New Balance 在其罢工动议中发现并指控捏造事实；法院依据该动议并驳回了该申请。结果：短暂遭受打击；命令表明原因。", "court": "E.D. Arkansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief Stricken; Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "De Ford, Bader, and Key v. James Koutoulas and LGBCoin, LTD", "url": "/documents/1121/De_Ford_v._Koutoulas_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the M.D. Fla. (Orlando). Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants cited this opinion to support their 'meme coin' argument; the Court could not locate the decision and found the citation likely fabricated, warning that citing non-existent cases is sanctionable. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "De Ford、Bader 和 Key 诉 James Koutoulas 和 LGBCoin, LTD", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州医学博士（奥兰多）出庭。捏造：判例法|被告引用这一观点来支持他们的“模因硬币”论点；法院无法找到该决定，并认为该引文可能是捏造的，并警告说，引用不存在的案件是会受到制裁的。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Fla. (Orlando)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "02 December 2025", "title": "HR 6356 Artificial Intelligence Civil Rights Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6356/text", "description": "Regulates developers and deployers of AI algorithms to prevent discrimination and disparate impacts, requiring pre-deployment evaluations and annual assessments. Authorizes the FTC and states to enforce compliance, and creates a private right of action. Establishes transparency and consumer rights.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR 6356 2025 年人工智能民权法案", "description_zh": "规范人工智能算法的开发者和部署者，以防止歧视和不同影响，要求进行部署前评估和年度评估。授权 FTC 和各州强制执行合规性，并创建私人诉讼权。建立透明度和消费者权利。" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "John Doe v. James P. Ehrhard, Esq.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1154/Doe_v._James_Ehrhard_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited four purported cases regarding CPLR § 3102(c) (three Westlaw citations and one New York Appellate Division cite); the Court could not locate any of them and concluded they were likely AI-generated fabrications. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰·多伊 (John Doe) 诉詹姆斯·P·埃尔哈德 (James P. Ehrhard) 先生", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告援引了四起据称涉及 CPLR § 3102(c) 的案件（三起 Westlaw 引证和一处纽约上诉庭引证）；法院无法找到其中任何一个，并得出结论，它们很可能是人工智能生成的捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. v. Paul Kimmel (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1128/Lothamer_Tax_Resolution_v._Kimmel_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted language attributed to Mickey v. Zeidler Tool & Die Co. does not appear in the cited opinion. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. 诉 Paul Kimmel (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. 密歇根州出庭。虚假引述：判例法|法院发现，引用的 Mickey v. Zeidler Tool & Die Co. 案中的语言并未出现在引用的意见中。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Ali Taj Bey v. Mark Glass", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1112/Bey_v._Lyft_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's complaint cites 'Ford v. Browning, 568 F.3d 1175 (11th Cir. 2009)'; the Court could not find this Eleventh Circuit case and described the citation as a likely AI-generated hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿里·泰姬贝诉马克·格拉斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告的诉状引用了“福特诉布朗宁案，568 F.3d 1175 (11th Cir. 2009)”；法院无法找到第十一巡回法院的案件，并将该传票描述为可能是人工智能产生的幻觉。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Peiman Shayan v. Ebby Shakib", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1110/Shayan_v._Shakib_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA California. Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief attributes language about fees and prevailing party status to Gogri v. Jack in the Box Inc., but Gogri does not discuss fees or prevailing party status; court found this fabrication goes beyond paraphrase. Outcome: Brief struck; Monetary sanction; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佩曼·沙扬 (Peiman Shayan) 诉 艾比·沙基布 (Ebby Shakib)", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|关于 Gogri 诉 Jack in the Box Inc. 案的费用和当事方地位的简短属性语言，但 Gogri 不讨论费用或当事方地位；法院认为这种捏造超出了释义范围。结果：短暂的打击；金钱制裁；酒吧推荐。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief struck; Monetary sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Kingdom of Sweden v. Samantha Ashhadi Soliman", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1114/Sweden_v._Ashhadi_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited Southern Cal. Gas Co. v. Public Utilities Com. as holding courts must evaluate standing based on objective evidence; the court noted that Southern Cal. Gas does not discuss standing and thus was misapplied. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "瑞典王国诉萨曼莎·阿什哈迪·索利曼", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了南加州。天然气公司诉公用事业公司因为审理法院必须根据客观证据评估地位；法院指出，南加州。 Gas 不讨论站立，因此被误用。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "Brick v. Gallatin County, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1113/Brick_v._Breuner_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Montana. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Beville v. City of Quitman, Texas, 21 F.4th 917 (5th Cir. 2021)'; the Court found the citation does not exist and directed attention to other actual cases.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布里克诉加拉廷县等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在蒙大拿州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“Beville v. City of Quitman, Texas, 21 F.4th 917 (5th Cir. 2021)”；法院认定该引文不存在，并转而关注其他实际案件。", "court": "D. Montana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Hanson v. Nest Home Lending, LLC et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/895/Hanson_v._Nest_Home_Lending_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Colorado. Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion cites People ex rel. State Bd. of Equalization v. Hively, 336 P.2d 721 (1959) for a proposition about declaratory relief and ownership clarity that the case does not establish. Outcome: Struck Filing; Order for future filings to include certificate; Required contact with the Federal Pro Se Clinic.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汉森诉 Nest Home Lending, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法|动议引用了《人物》前相关内容。州 Bd。 Equalization v. Hively, 336 P.2d 721 (1959) 提出了关于宣告性救济和所有权明确性的主张，但本案并未成立。结果：归档失败；命令未来提交的文件包含证书；需要与 Federal Pro Se Clinic 联系。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Struck Filing; Order for future filings to include certificate; Required contact with the Federal Pro Se Clinic", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Tameer Peak v. Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1111/Peak_v._Maraj-Pety_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the quotation \"[a] default is willful where the conduct of counsel or the litigant was egregious and was not satisfactorily explained\" to Action S.A. v. Marc Rich & Co.; the court found that quotation does not appear in that opinion. Outcome: Plaintiff cautioned to disclose and verify any AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Tameer Peak 诉 Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|原告将 Action S.A. v. Marc Rich & Co. 中的引文“如果律师或诉讼当事人的行为恶劣且没有得到令人满意的解释，则构成故意违约”；法院认为该意见中没有引用。结果：原告告诫要披露和验证任何人工智能的使用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff cautioned to disclose and verify any AI use", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "Boyd v. Protestant Memorial Medical Center", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1097/Boyd_v_BJC_Memorial_Hospital_Belleville_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Fleming v. Chicago Transit Authority, 2006 WL 769440 (N.D. Ill. 2006); court determined the citation is inconsistent/non-existent (case filed in 2007) and cannot be located as cited. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "博伊德诉新教纪念医疗中心", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.伊利诺伊州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Fleming 诉芝加哥交通局 (Fleming v. Chicago Transit Authority)，2006 WL 769440 (N.D. Ill. 2006)；法院认定该引文不一致/不存在（案件于 2007 年提交），并且无法按引文找到。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2025", "title": "The Doc App, Inc. d/b/a My Florida Green v. Leafwell, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1098/The_Doc_App_v._Leafwell_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Henson v. Allison Transmission with reporter/citation No. 6:16-cv-1223-Orl-41DCI, 2017 WL 59085 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 5, 2017), which the Court confirmed does not exist; counsel later said he intended a different Henson (2008 WL 239153), but that case does not suppor... Outcome: Costs Order; CLE Order; Order to file Order in any future filing; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "The Doc App, Inc. d/b/a My Florida Green 诉 Leafwell, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|动议引用了 Henson 诉 Allison Transmission 案，报告人/引文编号为 6:16-cv-1223-Orl-41DCI, 2017 WL 59085（佛罗里达州医学博士，2017 年 1 月 5 日），法院确认该案不存在；律师后来说，他打算采用不同的 Henson (2008 WL 239153)，但该案不支持... 结果：费用令； CLE 订单；命令在任何未来的归档中提交命令；酒吧推荐。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; CLE Order; Order to file Order in any future filing; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "South Central Ohio Job and Family Services v. Corey Mason", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1152/Robson_v._Mason_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited '2016-Ohio-2987' as Nolan v. Nolan; the court found that citation is misattributed and does not support the asserted legal proposition (2016-Ohio-2987 corresponds to State v. Hari).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄亥俄州中南部就业和家庭服务中心诉科里·梅森案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用“2016-Ohio-2987”作为诺兰诉诺兰案；法院认为引用来源错误，并且不支持所主张的法律主张（2016-Ohio-2987 对应于 State v. Hari）。", "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Jesse Andre v. Warden, FCI Danbury", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1095/Andre_v._Warden_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Connecticut. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Harriot v. Jamison' (cited to support BOP-policy arguments) does not exist. Outcome: Admonishment; Motion stricken with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰西·安德烈 (Jesse Andre) 诉 Warden (FCI 丹伯里)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|法院认定“Harriot 诉 Jamison”（引用以支持国际收支政策论点）并不存在。结果：警告；运动充满偏见。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment; Motion stricken with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Brian Smith v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1094/Smith_v._Well_Fargo_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Smith cited several non-existent cases in his Response; Wells Fargo identified them in its Reply and the Court independently confirmed the listed authorities are fictitious and warned of Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布莱恩·史密斯 (Brian Smith) 诉 北美富国银行 (Wells Fargo Bank)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密西西比州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|史密斯在他的回应中引用了几个不存在的案例；富国银行在其答复中确认了他们的身份，法院独立确认所列当局是虚构的，并就规则 11 的制裁发出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Sebastian Rako v. VMware LLC (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1093/Rako_v._VMWare_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition briefs cited non-existent case law; Notices of Errata submitted 'corrected' citations that differed substantially from originals; court found likely AI-generated citations. Outcome: Order to include a footnote reading 'Located through AI; Checked' for each future citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sebastian Rako 诉 VMware LLC (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见陈述引用了不存在的判例法；勘误通知提交了与原件有很大不同的“更正”引文；法院发现可能是人工智能生成的引文。结果：命令添加脚注“通过人工智能定位；检查'未来的每个引用。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to include a footnote reading 'Located through AI; Checked' for each future citation", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Carlos Maturin v. T-Mobile USA, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1092/Maturin_v._T-Mobile_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Mexico. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Keller v. Bd. of Educ., 182 F.R.D. 871 (D.N.M. 1998)' in multiple filings; the court found that citation does not exist (a similarly named, different-year decision exists). Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡洛斯·马图林诉 T-Mobile USA, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新墨西哥州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Keller v. Bd.”。教育学，182 F.R.D. 871 (D.N.M. 1998)' 在多个文件中；法院认为不存在传票（存在类似名称、不同年份的判决）。结果：不利成本令。", "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "8640 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "In re T.F., P.F., and S.S. Minor Children", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1153/In_re_TF_PF_and_SS_Minor_Children_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Sain v. Roo, 2018-Ohio-2878, ¶ 19,\" which the court found to be fictitious (no case assigned to that citation).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 T.F.、P.F. 和 S.S. 未成年子女", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“Sain v. Roo, 2018-Ohio-2878, ¶ 19”，法院认为该案是虚构的（没有分配给该引文的案件）。", "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Jane Doe v. Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1096/Doe_v._Taro_Pharmaceuticals_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Girafa.com, Inc. v. Alexa Internet, Inc., which the court was unable to locate and appears nonexistent; court ordered plaintiff to explain its origin. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jane Doe 诉 Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引了 Girafa.com, Inc. 诉 Alexa Internet, Inc.，法院无法找到该网站并且该网站似乎不存在；法院命令原告解释其来源。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "David Morris Clayman v. Scott Bessant", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1088/Clayman_v._Bessant_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'United States v. Bovio, 708 F. Supp. 2d 579 (E.D.N.Y. 2010)'; the Court found the case does not exist and concluded it was AI-generated; plaintiff conceded and apologized. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大卫·莫里斯·克莱曼 v. 斯科特·贝桑特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“美国诉 Bovio，708 F. Supp.”。 2d 579 (E.D.N.Y. 2010)';法院发现该案件不存在，并得出结论，该案件是人工智能生成的；原告承认并道歉。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "M.H. v. C.S.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1087/MH_v_CS_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited a case that the court determined does not exist; the court noted non-existent and irrelevant case law cannot support her contentions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M.H.诉 C.S.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中引用了法院认定不存在的案件；法院指出，不存在且不相关的判例法无法支持她的论点。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Yakov Magdalasov v. ByteDance Inc., TikTok Inc., and Maria Malvar", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1119/Yakov_Magdalasov_v._Bytedance_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Connel v. ByteDance, Inc., No. 24-1886 (2d Cir. Jul. 15, 2025)' but the docket number pointed to a different case and the Northern District of California case with that caption did not support plaintiff's claimed holding; Court concluded the citation was in...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yakov Magdalasov 诉 ByteDance Inc.、TikTok Inc. 和 Maria Malvar", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Connel v. ByteDance, Inc.，第 24-1886 号（2d Cir. 2025 年 7 月 15 日）”，但案卷编号指向不同的案件，并且具有该标题的加州北区案件不支持原告声称的持有；法院得出的结论是，传票是在...", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Zero Point MGMT v. Chase Bank/JP Morgan Chase Co.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1090/ZERO_POINT_MGMT_v._Chase_Bank_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Weaver v. United States, 98 Fed. Cl. 680, 684 (2011)'; the Court's research found no such case and identified it as a fake citation. Outcome: Non-lawyer trustee barred from proceeding pro se.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "零点 MGMT 诉大通银行/摩根大通公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Weaver 诉美国，98 Fed”。克莱。 680、684（2011）'；法院的研究没有发现此类案件，并将其认定为虚假引文。结果：非律师受托人被禁止进行诉讼。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Non-lawyer trustee barred from proceeding pro se", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "In re: Marguerite Latete Kilpatrick", "url": "/documents/1091/In_re_Marguerite_Latete_Kilpatrick_Debtor_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Ohio (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'In re Miller, 150 B.R. 834 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1993)', which the Court found to be non-existent and noted 150 B.R. 834 corresponds to Brandt v. 440 Assocs., indicating a made-up citation; Court flagged this as a potential AI hallucination and basis for Rule 9011...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：玛格丽特·拉特·基尔帕特里克", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.俄亥俄州（破产）。捏造：判例法|债务人援引“In re Miller, 150 B.R.” 834 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1993)'，法院认为该文件不存在，并指出 150 B.R. 834 对应于 Brandt v. 440 Assocs.，表明引文是虚构的；法院将此标记为潜在的人工智能幻觉和规则 9011 的基础......", "court": "S.D. Ohio (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Supplying Demand, LLC (Matter of)", "url": "/documents/1083/Supplying_Demand_LLC_USA_November_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO). Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "供应需求有限责任公司（事项）", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在美国政府问责办公室 (GAO) 面前。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Bryan Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1089/Pletcher_v._Village_of_Libertyville_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Illinois. False Quotes: Case Law | Misquoted Roszak as standing for a rule about boards adopting selected experts while ignoring contrary evidence (mischaracterized). Outcome: Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed; sanctions motion granted.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布莱恩·普莱彻诉利伯蒂维尔村警察养老金委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州加州诉讼中使用身份不明的信息。虚假引述：判例法|错误地引用罗扎克作为董事会采用选定专家的规则，同时忽略相反的证据（错误描述）。结果：原告的上诉简短并被驳回；制裁动议获得批准。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed; sanctions motion granted", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board", "url": "/documents/1368/Pletcher_v_Village_of_Libertyville_Police_Pension_Board.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the AC Illinois. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff cited non-existent record page numbers and referenced exhibits (A-F) that were never introduced into the administrative record; court noted these citations to the record do not exist. Outcome: Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "普莱彻诉利伯蒂维尔村警察养老金委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州 AC 的诉讼中使用身份不明。制作：展览和提交|原告引用了不存在的记录页码和引用的证物（A-F），这些证据从未被引入行政记录中；法院指出这些记录的引用并不存在。结果：原告的上诉简短并被驳回。", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Ege Kilinc v. PMMUE Eduservices Private Limited, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1118/Kilinc_v_PMMUE_Eduservices_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted sentence attributed to Best Van Lines, Inc. v. Walker (2d Cir. 2007) does not appear in that opinion. Outcome: Order to file a sworn statement -03 listing accurate and improper citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ege Kilinc 诉 PMMUE Eduservices Private Limited 等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|法院认为，Best Van Lines, Inc. v. Walker（2d Cir. 2007）所引用的句子并未出现在该意见中。结果：命令提交一份宣誓声明-03，列出准确和不正确的引文。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to file a sworn statement -03 listing accurate and improper citations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Nuvola, LLC v. Wright", "url": "/documents/1354/Nuvola__LLC_v._Wright_USA_21_November_2025.Pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Minnesota DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple AI-generated, non-existent case citations were included in Defendant's Memorandum in Support of Motion to Compel Arbitration; the Court's research determined the cited cases did not exist. Outcome: Monetary sanction; five educational presentations/CLE requirement; Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nuvola, LLC 诉 Wright", "description_zh": "律师在明尼苏达州特区的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|被告支持强制仲裁动议的备忘录中包含了多个人工智能生成的、不存在的案例引文；法院的研究确定所引用的案件并不存在。结果：经济制裁；五次教育演讲/CLE 要求；酒吧推荐。", "court": "Minnesota DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; five educational presentations/CLE requirement; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Morris Gafni v. Rapid Foreclosure Refunds et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1099/Gafni_v._Rapid_Foreclosure_REfunds_USA_21_NOvember_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Morris Gafni 诉快速止赎退款等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Alexey Dubinin v. Varsenik Papazian", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1066/Dubinin_v._Papazian_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited a decision from this Court that does not exist; the Court's independent review confirmed non-existence. Outcome: Costs Order; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿列克谢·杜比宁 v. Varsenik Papazian", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告的答复引用了本法院的一项不存在的裁决；法院的独立审查证实不存在。结果：成本订单；酒吧推荐。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "4030 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Michael Izquierdo v. Wipro Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1100/Izquierdo_v._Wipro_Limited_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Whelan v. Colgan Air, Inc., 2010 WL 3610460 (E.D.N.Y.)' to argue COBRA inadequacy; the Court found the case does not exist and labeled the citation likely hallucinated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Michael Izquierdo 诉 Wipro Limited", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Ohio 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Whelan v. Colgan Air, Inc., 2010 WL 3610460 (E.D.N.Y.)”来论证 COBRA 的不足；法院认定此案不存在，并将该传票标记为可能是幻觉。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Linda Oliver v. Christian Dribusch", "url": "/documents/1067/Oliver_v._Dribusch_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the United States District Court, Northern District of New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant suggested plaintiff used an AI tool to generate an inaccurate (hallucinated) legal citation; the court declined to reproduce it and warned the use of fake case citations is sanctionable. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "琳达·奥利弗诉克里斯蒂安·德里布施", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约北区美国地方法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告暗示原告使用人工智能工具生成不准确的（幻觉的）法律引文；法院拒绝复制该文件，并警告使用虚假案例引文将受到制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "United States District Court, Northern District of New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 November 2025", "title": "Shields v. First Financial", "url": "/documents/1435/Raymond_Alan_Shields_v._First_Financial_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Doe v. Roe, No. M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV (Tenn. Ct. App. 2019) in Plaintiffs Motion for Limited Discovery Pg. 5. There is no Doe v. Roe case in the Tennessee Court of Appeals in 2019 and No. M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV returns Jones v.\nJones, No. M201801746COAR3CV, 2019 WL 1036077 (... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "希尔兹诉第一金融", "description_zh": "律师出现在田纳西州。捏造：判例法| Doe 诉 Roe，原告有限发现动议第 M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV（田纳西州申请 2019）。 5. 田纳西州上诉法院 2019 年没有 Doe v. Roe 案件，且 M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV 号返回 Jones v. Roe 案。\nJones，编号 M201801746COAR3CV，2019 WL 1036077（...结果：警告。", "court": "Tennessee", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "In re Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1065/Jackson_Hospital__Clinic_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Alabama (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Court found pervasive fabricated citations in Progressive's Motion to Reconsider after comparing cited authorities to the arguments. Outcome: Public Reprimand; Revocation of pro hac vice privileges; Order to Serve Order on Clients; Diffusion of Order to Counsel's Bars.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc. 等。", "description_zh": "律师在阿拉巴马州医学博士（破产）的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|在将引用的权威与论点进行比较后，法院发现进步的重新考虑动议中普遍存在伪造的引用。结果：公开谴责；撤销 pro hac 副特权；订单向客户送达订单；向律师协会发出命令。", "court": "M.D. Alabama (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Public Reprimand; Revocation of pro hac vice privileges; Order to Serve Order on Clients; Diffusion of Order to Counsel's Bars", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "Buchanan v. Vuori, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1075/Buchanan_v._Vuori_USA_20_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT-4, OpenAI, Claude, Clear Brief, Lexis Nexis & Westlaw in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | The motion relies on a cited case that does not exist; Court's research found 2021 WL 4453429 is not a judicial opinion and no Reed v. ZipRecruiter opinion was located. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Motions stricken without leave to refile.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布坎南诉 Vuori, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT-4、OpenAI、Claude、Clear Brief、Lexis Nexis 和 Westlaw。捏造：判例法|该动议所依据的引用案例并不存在；法院的研究发现 2021 WL 4453429 不是司法意见，也没有找到 Reed v. ZipRecruiter 意见。结果：金钱制裁；转介至律师协会；动议未经允许重新提交。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT-4, OpenAI, Claude, Clear Brief, Lexis Nexis & Westlaw", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Motions stricken without leave to refile", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "Evans, et al. v. Robertson et al. (3)", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/11/09/they-just-cant-help-it-ai-hallucination-edition/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Provided a quotation attributed to Walden v. Fiore that does not appear in the opinion; court identified it as a false quote. Outcome: Multiple filings stricken from the record; Revocation of online upload privileges.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃文斯等人。诉罗伯逊等人。 (3)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|提供了《Walden v. Fiore》中未出现在意见中的引文； court identified it as a false quote.结果：多项申请被从记录中删除； Revocation of online upload privileges.", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Multiple filings stricken from the record; Revocation of online upload privileges", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Y.S. v. John Doe et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1068/YS_v._John_Doe_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re Subpoena to Coinbase, Inc., No. 17-MC-80244, 2018 WL 1898913, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 19, 2018)' to support delayed notice; the court found this cited opinion does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Y.S.诉约翰·多伊等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“关于向 Coinbase, Inc. 发出的传票，编号 17-MC-80244，2018 WL 1898913，*4（加州北区法院，2018 年 4 月 19 日）”来支持延迟通知；法院认为该引述意见不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Ekeocha v. U.S. Department of State", "url": "/documents/1058/Ekeocha_v._US_State_Department_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (D.D.C.). Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Opposition cites \"Litvin v. Blinken, 93 F.4th 1162, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2024)\", which the Court found does not appear to exist. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ekeocha 诉美国国务院", "description_zh": "律师在美国哥伦比亚特区地方法院 (D.D.C.) 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见引用了“Litvin v. Blinken, 93 F.4th 1162, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2024)”，法院认为该诉讼似乎不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (D.D.C.)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "HR6159 AI for ALL Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/6159/text", "description": "Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Literacy and Education Commission within the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Requires the Commission to improve AI literacy, develop materials, and create a national AI literacy strategy. Instructs submission and updating of the strategy to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR6159 2025 年人工智能惠及所有人法案", "description_zh": "在科学技术政策办公室内设立人工智能素养和教育委员会。要求委员会提高人工智能素养、开发材料并制定国家人工智能素养战略。指示向国会提交和更新该战略。" }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "S3202 Advanced Artificial Intelligence Security Readiness Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3202", "description": "Instructs the NSA Director to develop AI security guidance focusing on cybersecurity risks and unique challenges. Requires collaboration with AI experts and other departments, including roundtables and expert panels. Mandates initial and final progress reports to congressional committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S3202 2025 年高级人工智能安全准备法案", "description_zh": "指示美国国家安全局局长制定人工智能安全指南，重点关注网络安全风险和独特挑战。需要与人工智能专家和其他部门合作，包括圆桌会议和专家小组。授权向国会委员会提交初步和最终进度报告。" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Kamia Nellum v. Credit Acceptance Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1064/Nellum_v._Credit_Acceptance_Corp_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Messina v. N. Cent. Distrib., Inc., 821 N.E.2d 236 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)'; court found the citation/method of attribution incorrect and that the proper decision appears as Messina v. N. Cent. Distrib., Inc., 821 F.3d 1047, 1050 (8th Cir. 2016). Court not... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kamia Nellum 诉 Credit Acceptance Corporation", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.印第安纳州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了“Messina 诉 N. Cent”案。 Distrib., Inc., 821 N.E.2d 236（Ind. Ct. App. 2005）'；法院认为引用/归属方法不正确，正确的判决为 Messina v. N. Cent。 Distrib., Inc.，821 F.3d 1047, 1050（8th Cir. 2016）。法院不... 结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Moorehead v. Goodwill Industries of Northeast Texas", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1054/Moorehead_v._Goodwill_Industry_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no record of Turner v. Palo Alto Networks, Inc., 2023 WL 4567762 (E.D. Tex. 2023); the citation appears nonexistent and was identified as an AI-generated hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "摩尔黑德诉德克萨斯州东北部 Goodwill Industries 案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|法院未发现 Turner 诉 Palo Alto Networks, Inc., 2023 WL 4567762（德克萨斯州东部地区法院，2023 年）的记录；该引用似乎不存在，并被确定为人工智能生成的幻觉。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Jorge Paredes Guevara v. A&P Restaurant Corp., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1055/Guevara_v._AP_Restaurant_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Marrero v. Camden Steel Co., 850 F. Supp. 188 (D.N.J. 1994); court identified this authority as non-existent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jorge Paredes Guevara 诉 A&P Restaurant Corp. 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|律师引用了 Marrero 诉 Camden Steel Co.，850 F. Supp。 188（新泽西州 1994 年）；法院认定该权力不存在。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "In re Bryant", "url": "/documents/1059/In_re_Bryant_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors cited a non-existent case 'Harrison v. Hinson, 338, 352 S.E.2d 836 (1987)'; Court noted no such citation exists and that the likely intended case (Harris v. Hinson) is inapposite to Debtors' proposition. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于布莱恩特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在北卡罗来纳州医学博士（破产）面前出庭。捏造：判例法|债务人引用了一个不存在的案例“Harrison v. Hinson, 338, 352 S.E.2d 836 (1987)”；法院指出不存在此类引证，并且可能预期的案件（哈里斯诉辛森案）与债务人的主张不合适。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "M.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "S3193 Algorithm Accountability Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3193", "description": "Amends Section 230 to impose a duty of care on social media platforms regarding recommendation algorithms, holding them liable for foreseeable bodily harm. Allows affected individuals to sue for damages. Excludes small platforms and certain types of services.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S3193 算法问责法 2025", "description_zh": "修订第 230 条，对社交媒体平台施加有关推荐算法的注意义务，要求它们对可预见的身体伤害承担责任。允许受影响的个人提起损害赔偿诉讼。不包括小型平台和某些类型的服务。" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Cojom v. Roblen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1045/Cojom_v._Roblen_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Connecticut. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate case Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科乔姆诉罗布伦案", "description_zh": "律师在康涅狄格州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到案件结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Schlichter v. Kennedy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1039/Schlichter_v._Kennedy_USA_17_November_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited nonexistent 'Estate of Layton (1938) 29 Cal.App.2d 599' for a proposition about life tenants; court found no such reporter/page case and the actual Estate of Layton cases do not support the proposition. Outcome: Monetary sanction, bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "施利希特诉肯尼迪案", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|引用了不存在的“Estate of Layton (1938) 29 Cal.App.2d 599”关于终身租户的命题；法院没有发现这样的记者/页面案件，并且实际的雷顿遗产案件也不支持该主张。结果：金钱制裁、酒吧转介。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction, bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1750 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Gittemeier v. Liberty Mutual Personal Insurance Company", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/10/16/repeated-nonexistent-cases-in-filing-from-20-lawyer-insurance-defense-firm/?nab=1", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Fabricated: Case Law | Liberty Mutual cited a non-existent case 'Chaudhri v. State Auto Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 2022 WL 4596697 (E.D. Mo. Sept. 30, 2022)'; the Court found the citation does not exist and the intended Chaudhri decision did not support the asserted proposition. Outcome: Costs Order + Fine; One Attorney ordered to withdraw.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gitttemeier 诉 Liberty Mutual 个人保险公司", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。密苏里州。捏造：判例法| Liberty Mutual 引用了一个不存在的案件“Chaudhri 诉 State Auto Prop. & Cas”。插入。 Co.，2022 WL 4596697（东部日期：2022 年 9 月 30 日）'；法院认为该引文不存在，并且 Chaudhri 的预期裁决不支持所主张的主张。结果：费用订单+罚款；一名律师下令撤回。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs Order + Fine; One Attorney ordered to withdraw", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Neal v. Frayer", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1063/Neal_v._Frayer_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Maryland. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited and purported to quote a D. Md. case 'Gottfredson v. Hoyer, 492 F. Supp. 2d 399 (D. Md. 2007)' which the Court could not locate; AI output likewise fabricated detailed content for this nonexistent opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼尔诉弗雷尔", "description_zh": "律师出现在马里兰州联邦法院。捏造：判例法|原告引用并声称引用了 D. Md. 案件“Gottfredson v. Hoyer, 492 F. Supp.”。 2d 399 (D. Md. 2007)'，法院无法找到； AI输出同样为这个不存在的观点编造了详细的内容。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Mattson & Dostal v. Rosebud Electric Cooperative et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1062/Mattson__Dostal_v._Rosebud_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. South Dakota. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants flagged numerous fictitious case citations and incorrect case citations in Plaintiffs' response brief; Plaintiffs later filed a Notice of Corrected Citations and the Court noted the issue. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mattson & Dostal 诉 Rosebud Electric Cooperative 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在南达科他州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|被告在原告的答复摘要中指出了许多虚构的案例引用和不正确的案例引用；原告后来提交了一份更正引文通知，法院注意到了这个问题。结果：警告。", "court": "D. South Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 November 2025", "title": "Cotto v. United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1061/Cotto_v._USA_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F.4th 1015' for summary-judgment guidance; the Court found no such decision exists, noted the 29 F.4th pin cite aligns with Barrera Arreguin v. Garland, 29 F.4th 1010, and that an unrelated Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F. App'x 548 (10th Cir. 200... Outcome: Motion for reconsideration denied; court identified the cited case/citation as nonexistent/miscited and rejected reliance on it..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库托诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F.4th 1015”作为摘要判决指导；法院发现不存在此类决定，并指出第 29 F.4 号 pin 引文与 Barrera Arreguin 诉 Garland, 29 F.4th 1010 一致，并且不相关的 Ayala 诉 Holmes, 29 F. App'x 548 (10th Cir. 200... 结果：重新审议动议被拒绝；法院认定所引用的案例/引文不存在/错误引用并被拒绝依赖它..", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion for reconsideration denied; court identified the cited case/citation as nonexistent/miscited and rejected reliance on it.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Matthew Lewis v. Eagle County Government", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1191/Lewis_v._Eagle_Country_USA_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Colorado. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Court noted the original Complaint relied on a pre-2011 regulatory '20% rule' that was amended in 2011 and therefore was a superseded/regulatory error. Outcome: Fine and Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马修刘易斯诉伊格尔县政府", "description_zh": "律师出庭于科罗拉多州民主党法庭。过时的建议：废除的法律|法院指出，最初的投诉依赖于 2011 年之前的监管“20% 规则”，该规则于 2011 年进行了修订，因此是一个被取代/监管错误。结果：罚款和费用令。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Fine and Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "28000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Jeremie Montgomery v. AFL-CIO", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1037/Montgomery_v._AFL-CIO_USA_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'EEOC v. Ironworkers Local 28, 2012 WL 4339035 (S.D.N.Y. 2012)' as supporting authority; court stated the citation was incorrect and not located.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰里米·蒙哥马利诉 AFL-CIO", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在田纳西州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告援引“EEOC v. Ironworkers Local 28, 2012 WL 4339035 (S.D.N.Y. 2012)”作为支持依据；法院称该引文不正确且未找到。", "court": "M.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Robbin Y. Miller v. Andrew Stuart", "url": "/documents/1022/Miller_v._Stuart_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA 5th Circuit. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Succession of Faget' as '838 So.2d 86 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2003)', but that citation does not appear and does not support the proposition she attributed to it; court noted the inaccuracy. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗宾·Y·米勒诉安德鲁·斯图尔特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州第五巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人将“Faget 的继承”引用为“838 So.2d 86 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2003)”，但该引文并未出现，也不支持她所归因的主张；法院指出了这一不准确之处。结果：警告。", "court": "CA 5th Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Matter of Matos", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1035/In_re_Matter_of_Matos_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC New York. Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited and purportedly quoted this TTAB decision in his trial brief; TTAB found the citation/quote did not support the asserted proposition (case law was misrepresented). Outcome: Respondent publicly censured.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马托斯事件", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。歪曲事实：判例法|被告在其审判摘要中引用并据称引用了 TTAB 的这一决定； TTAB 发现引文/引用不支持所主张的主张（判例法被歪曲）。结果：受访者受到公开谴责。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Respondent publicly censured", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "William McNae and Ronda McNae v. ARAG Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1036/MacNae_v._Arag_Insurance_Company_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs relied on a purported quotation from Local Civil Rule 1(c) claiming it \"permits flexibility 'in the interest of justice'\", but the rule contains no such language and the attribution was inaccurate. Outcome: Filing struck; monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William McNae 和 Ronda McNae 诉 ARAG 保险公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：法律规范|原告依据所谓的地方民事规则 1(c) 的引述，声称其“‘为了正义’允许灵活性”，但该规则不包含此类语言，而且归属不准确。结果：立案成功；金钱制裁。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Filing struck; monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Richard LaRoche v. Darla Sterett (LaRoche)", "url": "/documents/1033/Richard_LaRoche_v_Darla_Sterett_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Vermont SC. False Quotes: Case Law | Brief included a purported quotation attributed to Sprague v. Nally that does not appear in the opinion; counsel admitted the language originated from an AI 'helper' and failed to verify it. Outcome: Order to file order in all pending Vermont Superior Court cases where Counsel appears.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理查德·拉罗什诉达拉·斯特雷特 (拉罗什)", "description_zh": "律师在佛蒙特州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。虚假引述：判例法|简报中包含了据称是斯普拉格诉纳利案的引文，但该引文并未出现在意见中；律师承认该语言源自人工智能“助手”，但未能核实。结果：命令在律师出庭的所有未决佛蒙特州高等法院案件中提交命令。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to file order in all pending Vermont Superior Court cases where Counsel appears", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Virginia Montoya Cabanas v. Pamela Bondi, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1034/Cabanas_v._Bondi_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Texas. False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Brief contained inaccurate quotations of cited conference report Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚蒙托亚卡巴纳斯诉帕梅拉邦迪等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.德克萨斯州。错误引述：教义工作|简报包含所引用会议报告的不准确引用 结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Nathan Strong v. The United States", "url": "/documents/1016/Strong_v._USA_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Court of Federal Claims. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted the MSPB decision as saying \"such claims must be brought in another forum,\" but the quote does not appear in Strong v. Office of Special Counsel, No. DC-1221-23-0052-W-1, 2023 MSPB LEXIS 106; court independently verified the misquote. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内森·斯特朗诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在联邦索赔法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 MSPB 的裁决称“此类索赔必须在另一个论坛提出”，但该引述并未出现在 Strong v. Office of Special Counsel, No. DC-1221-23-0052-W-1, 2023 MSPB LEXIS 106 中；法院独立核实了错误引用。结果：警告。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "David J. Donovan v. Kathryn Thorson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1031/Donovan_v._Thorson__Fidelity_Invt_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA New Mexico. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's authorities cited incorrect appellate reporters or otherwise mis-cited case law; the court's review confirmed the citations were inaccurate and complicated appellate review. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大卫·J·多诺万诉凯瑟琳·托森", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA New Mexico 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告当局引用了不正确的上诉记者或错误引用的判例法；法院的审查证实，传票不准确，而且上诉审查很复杂。结果：警告。", "court": "CA New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Joshua Harris v. Pinnacle Bank", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1021/Harris_v._Pinnacle_Bank_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约书亚·哈里斯诉平博银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密西西比州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：说明原因令。", "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Jeffery Todd Henson, Sr. v. Lynn A. Espejo", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1030/Henson_v._Espero_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the C.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case as authority; the Court identified the citation as nonexistent and observed the reporter page corresponds to United States v. Woodrum.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jeffery Todd Henson, Sr. 诉 Lynn A. Espejo", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 C.D. 面前。伊利诺伊州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件作为依据；法院认定该引文不存在，并观察到记者页面对应于 United States v. Woodrum。", "court": "C.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Kuigoua v. Park", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1019/Kuigoua_v_Park_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Demers v. City of Los Angeles, 42 Cal.App.3d 519, 522 (1974),\" which respondents' counsel could not locate and the court found to be a non-existent citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奎古阿诉帕克", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“Demers v. City of Los Angeles, 42 Cal.App.3d 519, 522 (1974)”，但被告律师无法找到该引文，法院认为该引文不存在。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "United States v. Thomas Czartorski, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1024/USA_v_Czartorski_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the W.D. Kentucky. Fabricated: Case Law | Wright's brief cites a purported opinion 'United States v. Hang Le-Thy Tran, No. 3:07-CR-53, 2008 WL 2699394 (E.D. Ky. July 3, 2008)' which the court identified as non-existent. Outcome: Order to show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉 Thomas Czartorski 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 W.D. Kentucky 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法| Wright 的简报引用了所谓的意见“United States v. Hang Le-Thy Tran, No. 3:07-CR-53, 2008 WL 2699394 (E.D. Ky. 2008 年 7 月 3 日)”，法院认为该意见不存在。结果：命令显示原因。", "court": "W.D. Kentucky", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Order to show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Marques Johnson v. Capital One Financial Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1116/Johnson_v._Capital_One_Bank_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Cohen v. Cap. One Funding, LLC and attributed a quotation—\"Receivables are pooled and sold monthly.\"—to that opinion and misidentified the issuing court; the magistrate judge found the alleged quote does not appear in the Cohen decision and flagged it as l...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马克斯·约翰逊诉第一资本金融公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Cohen v. Cap. 案。 One Funding, LLC 引用了一句话——“应收账款按月汇总并出售。”——以该观点为依据，并错误地识别了签发法院；治安法官发现科恩的判决中没有出现所谓的引述，并将其标记为...", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Kevin L. Swincher et al. v. Fay Servicing, LLC et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1020/Swincher_v._Fay_Servicing_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Kentucky. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a case the Court was unable to locate and deemed nonexistent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "凯文·L·斯温彻 (Kevin L.Swincher) 等人诉 Fay Servicing, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 W.D. Kentucky 面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到并认为不存在的案件。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Kentucky", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Jacob Doe v. The University of North Carolina System", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1038/Doe_v._UNC_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. North Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited two cases that the Court found do not appear to exist. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "雅各布·多伊诉北卡罗来纳大学系统", "description_zh": "律师在北卡罗来纳州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院认为似乎不存在的两个案例。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "W.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Shelton v. Parkland Health", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1007/Shelton_v._Parkland_Health_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained multiple nonexistent legal citations generated by GAI; Court found the filings included 'nonexistent legal citations' and relied on opposing counsel's objections and investigation. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "谢尔顿诉帕克兰健康中心", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州北区法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|简报包含 GAI 生成的多个不存在的法律引文；法院认为这些文件包括“不存在的法律引用”，并依赖于对方律师的反对和调查。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "Interest of M. O. W.", "url": "/documents/1029/Interest_of_M_O_W_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Texas, Austin. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included multiple case citations that the court determined do not exist (apparently AI‑fabricated case law). The court expressly stated these cases 'do not exist.'", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "M. O. W. 的兴趣", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州奥斯汀加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要包括法院确定不存在的多个案例引用（显然是人工智能捏造的判例法）。法院明确表示这些案件“不存在”。", "court": "CA Texas, Austin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "Rivera Carrasquillo v. USA", "url": "/documents/1028/Rivera-Carrasquillo_v._USA_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Puerto Rico. Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel attributed a purported statement to Smith v. Phillips claiming the Court 'insisted' juror-bias inquiry cannot proceed without identifying the juror; the court found no such statement in Smith and called the citation misleading.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "里维拉·卡拉斯奎略诉美国", "description_zh": "律师在波多黎各法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|律师将史密斯诉菲利普斯案的一份据称声明归咎于法院“坚持”陪审员偏见调查不能在没有确定陪审员身份的情况下进行；法院认为史密斯没有这样的陈述，并称该传票具有误导性。", "court": "D. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "Marc Henri David v. George Chiala Farms, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/992/David_v._George_Chiala_Farms_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited a nonexistent case 'Morgan v. State of California, 157 Cal. App. 4th 914, 922 (2007)'; the Court found no case of that name and noted the intended citation was Chamberlain v. Cocola Assocs., 958 F.2d 282 (9th Cir. 1992). Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马克·亨利·大卫诉乔治·奇亚拉农场公司", "description_zh": "律师在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一个不存在的案件“摩根诉加利福尼亚州，157 Cal.”。应用程序。第 4 号 914, 922 (2007)'；法院没有发现该名称的案件，并指出预期引用的是 Chamberlain v. Cocola Assocs., 958 F.2d 282 (9th Cir. 1992)。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "James Andrew Grimmer v. Citibank, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/993/Grimmer_v._Citibank_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Minnesota. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case in his opposition brief; the Court confirmed it does not exist and cited it as one of several nonexistent authorities identified by defendant. Outcome: Complaint dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James Andrew Grimmer 诉 N.A. 花旗银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|原告在其异议陈述中引用了这一案例；法院确认该机构不存在，并将其列为被告认定的几个不存在的机构之一。结果：投诉被驳回。", "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Complaint dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "David Angel Sifuentes, III v. Christian Brothers Automotive", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/984/Sifuentes_v._Christian_Brothers_Automative_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a nonexistent case citation; court noted 'Bolin v. Story, 225 F.3d 1234, 1239 (6th Cir. 2000)' does not exist and had been previously warned.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "David Angel Sifuentes, III 诉 Christian Brothers Automotive", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. 密歇根州出庭。捏造：判例法|原告依赖的是不存在的案件引证；法院指出“Bolin v. Story, 225 F.3d 1234, 1239 (6th Cir. 2000)”并不存在，并且之前已被警告过。", "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "Jamison Warfield v. W.N. Morehouse Truck Line, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/980/Warfield_v._Morehouse_Truck_Line_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Morehouse pointed out that Warfield's briefs relied on incorrect and nonexistent case citations; the Court acknowledged the allegation but did not analyze specific fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贾米森·沃菲尔德诉 W.N. Morehouse Truck Line, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。田纳西州。捏造：判例法|莫尔豪斯指出，沃菲尔德的案情摘要依赖于不正确且不存在的案例引用；法院承认了这一指控，但没有分析具体的捏造引文。", "court": "E.D. Tennessee", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "Habib Miah v. Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/983/Miah_v._Morgan_Stanley_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants identified quotations in the filings that do not appear in the authorities cited; court observed these apparent false quotations as indicative of AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Habib Miah 诉 Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|被告在文件中指出了未出现在所引用的当局中的引文；法院认为这些明显的虚假引用表明人工智能的使用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2025", "title": "Travis C. Mills et al. v. Rocket Mortgage LLC et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1115/Mills_v._Rocket_Mortgage_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple citations to cases that do not exist in plaintiffs' filings, likely generated by GenAI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特拉维斯·米尔斯 (Travis C. Mills) 等人诉 Rocket Mortgage LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在路易斯安那州西区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院发现，原告的文件中多次引用了不存在的案例，这些案例很可能是由 GenAI 生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Louisiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "Ross Logan v. LVNV Funding et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/988/Logan_v._LVNV_Funding_USA_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Utah. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ross Logan 诉 LVNV Funding 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在犹他州 D. 法庭上。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "Lowrey v. City of Rio Rancho", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/991/Lowrey_v._City_of_Rio_Rancho_USA_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Mexico. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Creekmore v. Food Lion, Inc., asserting it supports a rule about incomplete state-court records invalidating removal; the Court found that Creekmore does not support that proposition and Plaintiff misrepresented its holding. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "劳里诉里奥兰乔市案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新墨西哥州联邦法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Creekmore 诉 Food Lion, Inc. 案，声称其支持关于不完整的州法院记录导致移除无效的规则；法院认为 Creekmore 不支持该主张，并且原告歪曲了其主张。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "Coleman & Lewis v. PNC Bank, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/995/Coleman__Sahar_v._PNC_Bank_USA_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited non-existent quotes attributed to Medrano v. Flagstar Bank; the Court flagged these as inaccurate/AI-hallucinated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Coleman & Lewis 诉 N.A. PNC 银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Medrano 诉 Flagstar Bank 案中不存在的引述；法院将这些标记为不准确/人工智能幻觉。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Alaya Coleman v. RPF-Somers Investors, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/997/Coleman_v._RPF-Somers_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Wisconsin. False Quotes: Case Law | The Removing Defendants contended that Plaintiff 'hallucinates nonexistent quotes from cases' in support of her remand argument; the Court agreed the cited authority was inapplicable but did not identify or quote a specific fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Alaya Coleman 诉 RPF-Somers Investors, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。威斯康星州。虚假引述：判例法|撤回的被告辩称，原告“幻觉出案件中不存在的引述”来支持她的还押论点；法院同意所引用的权威不适用，但没有指出或引用具体的捏造引文。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Todd E. Glass v. Foley & Lardner LLP", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/987/Glass_v._Foley__Lardner_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not verify the citation; the case 'S.G. v. SafeSport, 74 F.4th 864, 870 (7th Cir. 2023)' does not appear to exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托德·E·格拉斯 (Todd E. Glass) 诉 Foley & Lardner LLP", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在威斯康星州 W.D. 法院。捏造：判例法|法院无法核实传票；案件“S.G.” v. SafeSport, 74 F.4th 864, 870 (7th Cir. 2023)”似乎不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Xavier Jamal Smith v. Santander Consumer USA Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1060/Smith_v._Santander_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Citizens Nat’l Bank of Paris v. Midwest Agri-Dev. Corp., 887 F.2d 1128, 1134 (7th Cir. 1989)'; the Court found the reporter citation corresponds to an unrelated First Circuit opinion, no Seventh Circuit case by that name from 1989 appears to exist, and it c...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泽维尔·贾马尔·史密斯诉桑坦德消费者美国公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“巴黎国民银行诉中西部农业发展案”。公司，887 F.2d 1128, 1134（7th Cir. 1989）'；法院发现记者的引文与不相关的第一巡回法院意见相对应，1989 年以来第七巡回法院似乎不存在该名称的案件，并且它...", "court": "N.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Lnu, et al. v. Bondi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "吕努等人。诉邦迪", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：说明原因令。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Borsody v. Frontier Heritage Communities", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/996/Borsody_v_Frontier_Heritage_Communities_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response cited 'Alford v. City of Canon City, 2019 WL 13202842, at *3 (D. Colo. Mar. 29, 2019),' which neither the Court nor defense counsel could locate; Court treated it as a non-existent citation and admonished plaintiff to verify AI-generated citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Borsody 诉前沿遗产社区", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的答复引用了“Alford v. City of Canon City, 2019 WL 13202842, at *3 (D. Colo. Mar. 29, 2019)”，法院和辩护律师都无法找到该内容；法院将其视为不存在的引文，并告诫原告核实人工智能生成的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Kheir v. Titan Team, The Money Source Inc., and Auction.com", "url": "/documents/978/Kheir_v._Titan_Team_The_Money_Source__Auction.com_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Brasher v. Stewart; Court found no such case and the citation points to an unrelated Sabine Pilot Serv. decision; quoted text not present. Outcome: Costs Order; 6 hours CLE on generative AI; provide order to client; Bar referral..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kheir 诉 Titan Team、The Money Source Inc. 和 Auction.com", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。德克萨斯州（破产）。捏造：判例法|原告援引了布拉舍诉斯图尔特案；法院没有发现此类案件，并且传票指向无关的萨宾飞行员服务。决定;引用的文字不存在。结果：成本订单； 6 小时关于生成人工智能的 CLE；向客户提供订单；酒吧推荐..", "court": "S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; 6 hours CLE on generative AI; provide order to client; Bar referral.", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "Wheat v. Vichie", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/999/Wheat_v_Vichie_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's papers cite 'Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.' as a First Department decision; the court found the case to be non-existent and warned that further false representations could result in sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小麦诉维琪案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法|原告的文件引用了“Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.”作为第一部门的决定；法院认定此案不存在，并警告称，进一步的虚假陈述可能会导致制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "Isaacs v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1013/Isaacs_v._Novartis_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case in a filing; the Court could not locate it and counsel admitted it was provided by the client via ChatGPT. Outcome: Court required counsel to certify completion of an AI seminar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "艾萨克斯诉诺华制药公司", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|律师在一份文件中引用了一个不存在的案件；法院无法找到该信息，律师承认该信息是客户通过 ChatGPT 提供的。结果：法院要求律师证明人工智能研讨会已完成。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Court required counsel to certify completion of an AI seminar", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "I.H. v. O.K.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/998/IH_v._OK_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained multiple authorities that did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the court attributed this to AI use and warned of risks. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "I.H. v. 好的", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人的陈述中包含多个不支持其所引用的主张的权威机构；法院将此归因于人工智能的使用，并警告了风险。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "State ex rel. Soretha Marie Eldridge v. Judge Ashley Kilbane", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1002/Eldridge_v._Kilbane_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "注明前关系。索雷莎·玛丽·埃尔德里奇诉阿什利·基尔巴恩法官", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州加州法院的诉讼中使用了“身份不明”。捏造：判例法", "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Richard Louis Pazdernik, Jr.", "url": "/documents/1277/25-1618_R._Pazdernik_public_reprimand_order.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Iowa Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Public reprimand.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "律师纪律委员会诉小理查德·路易斯·帕兹德尼克 (Richard Louis Pazdernik, Jr.)", "description_zh": "律师在爱荷华州最高法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法结果：公开谴责。", "court": "Iowa Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Public reprimand", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Medical Buyers Group LLC d/b/a Integrity v. Candice Pence, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1057/Medical_Buyer_Group_v._Pence_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the M.D. Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Integrity cited Truist Bank v. Buerge, 2022 WL 17541757, at *6 (M.D. Ga. Dec. 8, 2022); court conducted independent search and could not locate the opinion; citation remained in Integrity's final amended response. Outcome: Cost Order and Public Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Medical Buyers Group LLC d/b/a Integrity 诉 Candice Pence 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在乔治亚州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法| Integrity 引用了 Truist Bank v. Buerge，2022 WL 17541757，*6（M.D. Ga. 2022 年 12 月 8 日）；法院进行了独立检索，未能找到该意见；引用仍保留在 Integrity 最终修改后的回复中。结果：费用令和公开训诫。", "court": "M.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Cost Order and Public Admonishment", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "County of Los Angeles v. Neill Francis Niblett", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1000/Los_Angeles_v._Niblett_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Misrepresented: Case Law | Opening brief relied on an excerpt of Scripps Health (pp. 335–336) to assert threats must be immediate; the court explained the cited excerpt does not address that issue. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "洛杉矶县诉尼尔·弗朗西斯·尼布利特", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。歪曲事实：判例法|开场简报依赖于 Scripps Health 的摘录（第 335-336 页）来断言威胁必须是立即的；法院解释说，所引用的摘录并未涉及该问题。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Kaleb Alexander Hoosier v. Executive Centre Association, et al.", "url": "/documents/1001/Hoosier_v._Executive_Centre_Association_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Hawai‘i. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Complaint cites \"ROH § 14-1\" in support of a \"public easement sidewalk\" proposition; court noted ROH § 14-1 actually concerns use of Polynesian plants and does not support the cited proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kaleb Alexander Hoosier 诉行政中心协会等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在夏威夷 D. 法庭上。歪曲事实：法律规范|诉状援引“ROH § 14-1”来支持“公共地役权人行道”主张；法院指出，ROH § 14-1 实际上涉及波利尼西亚植物的使用，并不支持所引用的主张。", "court": "D. Hawai‘i", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "In re: the Marriage of Melinda Johnson v. Sabastian Johnson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1004/In_re_the_Marriage_of_Melinda_Johnson_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Mother's briefs included multiple cited cases that the court found do not exist; the court attributed the errors to AI-assisted drafting. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：梅琳达·约翰逊诉萨巴斯蒂安·约翰逊的婚姻", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|母亲的案情摘要包括多个被法院认定不存在的引用案例；法院将这些错误归因于人工智能辅助起草。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "Lareina A. Sauls v. Pierce County, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/971/Sauls_v._Pierce_Country_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on United States v. Mississippi, 82 F.4th 387 (5th Cir. 2023) as supporting the proposition that disability-based sanctions/adverse inferences are irreversible; the Court stated that the cited case does not discuss or support that inference. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lareina A. Sauls 诉皮尔斯县等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 United States v. Mississippi, 82 F.4th 387 (5th Cir. 2023) 来支持基于残疾的制裁/不利推论是不可逆转的主张；法院表示，所引用的案例并未讨论或支持这一推论。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "Warner v. Gilbarco, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1003/Warner_v_Gilbarco_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff twice cited 'Smith v. Dow Chem. Co., 166 F.R.D. 1, 2 (E.D. Mich. 1996)' to argue depositions should not proceed; the court found this a 'phantom' citation and noted the actual existing opinion is Hamm v. Nasatka Barriers Inc., 166 F.R.D. 1 (D.D.C. 1996), which doe... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "华纳诉吉尔巴科公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告两次引用“史密斯诉陶氏化学”案。有限公司，166 F.R.D. 1, 2 (E.D. Mich. 1996)' 主张不应进行证词；法院认为这是一个“虚假”引证，并指出实际存在的意见是 Hamm v. Nasatka Barriers Inc., 166 F.R.D. 1 (D.D.C. 1996)，这确实...结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/973/Berg_v._United_Airlines_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Salt Institute v. Leavitt, 440 F. Supp. 2d 240, 243 (D.D.C. 2006); court could not identify this citation in Westlaw and treated it as an AI-generated, non-existent opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Salt Institute v. Leavitt，440 F. Supp。 2d 240, 243（D.D.C. 2006）；法院无法识别 Westlaw 中的这一引文，并将其视为人工智能生成的、不存在的意见。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "In re: Pamela Williams", "url": "/documents/970/In_re_Pamela_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Georgia (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'White v. Bank of America, 291 Ga. 367 (2012)'; the Court was unable to locate this case and described the citation as incorrect and possibly the product of an AI 'hallucination.'", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：帕梅拉·威廉姆斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 N.D. Georgia 破产案中。捏造：判例法|债务人援引“White v. Bank of America, 291 Ga. 367 (2012)”；法院无法找到此案，并称该引文不正确，可能是人工智能“幻觉”的产物。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "In re: Tracy Johnson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Citations to non-existent cases. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：特雷西·约翰逊", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|引用不存在的案例。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Ronald H. Foster v. Author Success Publishing, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/965/Foster_v._Author_Success_Publishing_et_al._USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Alabama. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to S.E.C. v. Smyth that does not appear in Smyth and could not be located in any case; court concluded the quote was an outright fabrication. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ronald H. Foster 诉 Author Success Publishing 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在阿拉巴马州医学博士面前。虚假引述：判例法|原告将报价归因于 S.E.C. v. 没有出现在 Smyth 中并且在任何情况下都无法找到的 Smyth；法院得出的结论是，这句话完全是捏造的。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Joy Wilson v. KIPP Texas, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/958/Wilson_v._Kipp_Texas_USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. Texas. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | AI-generated non-existent quoted statement #1 in the Declaration purported to be verbatim from Plaintiff's job description; court found no such language in the job description. Outcome: Costs Order; 2h of CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joy Wilson 诉 KIPP Texas, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |人工智能生成的声明中不存在的引用声明 #1 据称是原告职位描述中的逐字记录；法院发现职位描述中没有此类语言。结果：成本订单； 2 小时的 CLE。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Costs Order; 2h of CLE", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Robert Cole Stemkowski Goldman v. Arizona Board of Regents", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/966/Robert_Cole_Stemkowski_Goldman_v._Arizona_Board_of_Regents_USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to Johnson v. City of Shelby that does not appear in that decision; Court notes the quoted text is not in the cited opinion. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伯特·科尔·斯坦科夫斯基·高盛诉亚利桑那州董事会", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了约翰逊诉谢尔比市案中的措辞，但该裁决中并未出现；法院指出，引用的文本不在引用的意见中。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Mezu v. Mezu", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/959/Mezu_v._Mezu_USA_29_October_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the CA Maryland. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained multiple fictitious case citations generated by AI (cases that did not exist). Court found citations were fabricated and not verifiable. Outcome: Referral to Attorney Grievance Commission.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梅祖诉梅祖", "description_zh": "律师在马里兰州加州法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|简报包含人工智能生成的多个虚构案例引用（不存在的案例）。法院发现引文是捏造的且无法核实。结果：转介给律师申诉委员会。", "court": "CA Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to Attorney Grievance Commission", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "Ryan Andrew Nelson v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/969/Nelson_v._State_Farms_Fire_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff filed briefs containing multiple citations to nonexistent cases; the court and defendant identified these as fabricated case citations and the Magistrate Judge noted Plaintiff admitted filing them.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ryan Andrew Nelson 诉 State Farm Fire and Casualty Company", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。乔治亚州。捏造：判例法|原告提交的摘要包含多次引用不存在的案件；法院和被告认定这些是捏造的案件引文，治安法官指出原告承认提交了这些内容。", "court": "S.D. Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "In re: Loletha Hale, Esq. (Boston v. Williams)", "url": "/documents/1012/Boston_et_al._v._Williams_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division). Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Scanlan v. Tate Supply, Inc., 303 Ga. App. 9 (2010) as holding due diligence in service is a jury question; court found Scanlan holds the opposite (diligence is for the trial court). Outcome: Order to notify clients; Order to file this opinion in all new cases for five years.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：Loletha Hale，Esq。 （波士顿诉威廉姆斯）", "description_zh": "律师在 N.D. Georgia（亚特兰大分部）出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Scanlan 诉 Tate Supply, Inc.，303 Ga. App。 9 (2010) 因为在服务中进行尽职调查是一个陪审团问题；法院发现斯坎兰的观点相反（初审法院应尽职尽责）。结果：命令通知客户；命令在五年内对所有新案件提交此意见。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to notify clients; Order to file this opinion in all new cases for five years", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "Sehra Waheed v. SM 1 MMS, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1146/Waheed_v._SM_1_MMS_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Hughes v. Tennessee Department of Corrections, No. 3:20-cv-00670 (M.D. Tenn. June 11, 2021)'; the court was unable to locate the case in research databases and suggested it may be an AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Sehra Waheed 诉 SM 1 MMS, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告援引“休斯诉田纳西州惩教部，编号 3:20-cv-00670（田纳西州医学博士，2021 年 6 月 11 日）”；法院无法在研究数据库中找到该案件，并认为这可能是人工智能生成的幻觉。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "S3062 Guidelines for User Age-verification and Responsible Dialogue Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/3062/text", "description": "Requires AI chatbots to implement age verification, prohibiting minors from using AI companions. Mandates disclosure of non-human status to users and prohibits claiming professional status. Instructs the Attorney General to enforce compliance and issue penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S3062 2025 年用户年龄验证和负责任对话法案指南", "description_zh": "要求AI聊天机器人实现年龄验证，禁止未成年人使用AI伴侣。强制向用户披露非人类身份并禁止声称专业身份。指示总检察长强制遵守规定并对违规行为进行处罚。" }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Jayroe v. Progressive Casualty Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1027/Jayroe_v._Progressive_Casualty_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Villatoro v. GWL Cmt. Mgmt., LLC, 2013 WL 12101130 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 22, 2013)', which the court found does not exist; Westlaw link led to an unrelated Hopwood opinion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jayroe 诉 Progressive Casualty Insurance Company", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Villatoro 诉 GWL Cmt”。 Mgmt., LLC, 2013 WL 12101130 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 22, 2013)'，法院认为该文件不存在；韦斯特洛的联系导致了不相关的霍普伍德意见。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "In re: Sherry Ann McGann", "url": "/documents/967/In_re_Sherry_Ann_Mcgann_USA_27_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor repeatedly cited 'In re Smith, 582 B.R. 1 (Bankr. D.D.C. 2018)'; court found this citation does not exist and that the reporter/volume corresponds to In re Lockhart, 582 B.R. 1 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018), which does not support Debtor's proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：雪莉·安·麦甘", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 法院（破产）面前出庭。捏造：判例法|债务人多次引用“In re Smith, 582 B.R.” 1（Bankr.D.D.C.2018）'；法院认为该引文不存在，并且报告者/卷对应于 In re Lockhart, 582 B.R. 1（Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018），不支持债务人的主张。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "U.S. Bank National Association v. Richmond", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/963/US_Bank_National_Association_v._Richmond_USA_27_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Maine. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Defendant's post-trial memorandum contained substantial misleading misquotations and misattributed citations; Court found the brief \"replete with incorrect citations\" and ordered a show cause re: sanctions. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国银行全国协会诉里士满", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在缅因州联邦法院出庭。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |被告的审后备忘录包含大量误导性错误引用和错误引用；法院发现这份简报“充满了不正确的引文”，并下令就制裁问题进行说明。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. Maine", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Green Building Initiative, Inc. v. Stephen R. Peacock & Green Globe Limited", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/10/29/apparent-ai-hallucinations-in-filing-from-two-500-lawyer-firms/", "description": "Lawyer used Copilot in proceedings before the D. Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Mis-citation/misrepresentation of Page v. Parsons: GBI cited a federal reporter that does not correspond to that Oregon appellate decision and relied on it for a proposition the real Oregon decision does not support. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Green Building Initiative, Inc. 诉 Stephen R. Peacock & Green Globe Limited", "description_zh": "律师在俄勒冈州 D. 诉讼中使用副驾驶。捏造：判例法|佩奇诉帕森斯案的错误引用/失实陈述：GBI 引用了一位与俄勒冈州上诉裁决不符的联邦记者，并依赖该记者提出了俄勒冈州真正裁决不支持的主张。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 October 2025", "title": "Crowder v. Yussman", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/968/Crowder_v._Yussman_USA_24_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Kentucky. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant brief cited a nonexistent case as precedent; Court and appellee identified it as fabricated and counsel admitted it was a placeholder citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克劳德诉尤斯曼", "description_zh": "律师在肯塔基州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人陈述中引用了一个不存在的案例作为先例；法院和被上诉人认定这是捏造的，律师也承认这是占位符引用。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Kentucky", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "Appeals of Huffman Construction, LLC", "url": "/documents/1040/Huffman_Construction_LLC_Hamady_10.23.25_Non-Disp_Decision.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent ASBCA decision and incorrect reporter pin (case not found and reporter entry refers to a different appeal). Board could not find ASBCA No. 29708 as cited. Outcome: Reply brief struck in its entirety.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍夫曼建筑有限责任公司的上诉", "description_zh": "律师在武装部队合同上诉委员会的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|引用了不存在的 ASBCA 决定和不正确的报告者密码（未找到案例且报告者条目涉及不同的上诉）。委员会找不到所引用的 ASBCA No. 29708。结果：完整回复简短内容。", "court": "Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Reply brief struck in its entirety", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "In re: Sanctions Order of Kenney", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/899/In_re_Sanctions_Order_of_Kenney_USA_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, Google in proceedings before the CA Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Burns v. State, 813 So.2d 574 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2001)' was entirely fabricated by generative AI and did not exist; reporter/page numbers pointed to unrelated cases. Outcome: Costs order, 3 hours CLE on ethical use of generative AI, referral to Office of Disciplinary Counsel.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于：肯尼制裁令", "description_zh": "律师在路易斯安那州加利福尼亚州的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT、Microsoft Copilot、Google。捏造：判例法|法院认定“Burns v. State, 813 So.2d 574 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2001)”完全由生成式人工智能捏造，并不存在；记者/页码指向不相关的案件。结果：费用令、关于生成人工智能的道德使用的 3 小时 CLE、转介至纪律律师办公室。", "court": "CA Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, Google", "outcome": "Costs order, 3 hours CLE on ethical use of generative AI, referral to Office of Disciplinary Counsel", "monetary_penalty": "1368 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "McCaster v. United States", "url": "/documents/1043/McCaster_v._USA_USA_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Court of Federal Claims. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'R.D. Bennett Constr. Co. v. United States, 157 Ct. Cl. 196, 206 (1962)'; the Court noted the reporter citation corresponds to Lipp v. United States, 157 Ct. Cl. 197 (1962), and admonished the plaintiff. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦卡斯特诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在联邦索赔法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例“R.D.”贝内特建设。 Co.诉美国，157 Ct。克莱。 196, 206 (1962)';法院指出，记者的引文对应于 Lipp v. United States, 157 Ct.克莱。 197（1962），并告诫原告。结果：警告。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Corey v. Kenneh", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/897/Corey_v._Kenneh_USA_22_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC North Dakota. Fabricated: Case Law | Corey's brief cited case law that the Court found led to different or no cases; Court concluded the citations were non-existent and could not support dismissal for mootness. Outcome: Affirmed sanctions from lower court.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科里诉肯尼案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在北达科他州 SC 上。捏造：判例法|科里的简短陈述引用了法院认为导致不同案件或没有案件的判例法；法院得出的结论是，这些传票不存在，不能支持因无意义而被驳回。结果：确认下级法院的制裁。", "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed sanctions from lower court", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Alexandria Jones v. DC Office of Unified Communications", "url": "/documents/906/Jones_v._DC_Office_of_Unified_Communication_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D.C. DC. False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed quotations to cases that do not contain the quoted material; the court observed these nonexistent quotations and linked them to apparent AI reliance. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚历山大·琼斯诉华盛顿特区统一通信办公室", "description_zh": "律师出现在华盛顿特区。虚假引述：判例法|律师将引述归因于不包含所引述材料的案件；法院观察到了这些不存在的引文，并将它们与明显的人工智能依赖联系起来。结果：警告。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Richard M. Zelma v. Wonder Group Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/912/Zelma_v._Wonder_Group_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a purported quotation about verification messages to Van Patten that the Court found does not exist. Outcome: Sanctions deferred.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "理查德·泽尔玛诉 Wonder Group Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新泽西州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。虚假引述：判例法|原告将范·帕滕 (Van Patten) 声称的有关验证消息的引述归咎于法院认为该引述并不存在。结果：制裁推迟。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Sanctions deferred", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "In re Bittrex", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/914/In_Re_Bittrex_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Delaware. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants relied on 'In re SemCrude, L.P., 405 B.R. 230, 232 (D. Del. 2009)'; the Court was unable to locate a case supporting that citation and found the citation inaccurate/nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 Bittrex", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在特拉华州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人依据“In re SemCrude, L.P., 405 B.R.” 230, 232（D. Del. 2009）'；法院无法找到支持该传票的案件，并认为该传票不准确/不存在。", "court": "D. Delaware", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Mattox v. Product Innovation Research", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/904/Mattox_v._Product_Innovations_Research_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the E.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no case under this citation; similar Tenth Circuit decision exists but does not contain the quoted law. Outcome: Pleadings struck; public reprimands; monetary sanctions; remedial filing and certification requirements.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mattox 诉产品创新研究", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 ChatGPT。俄克拉荷马州。捏造：判例法|法院没有根据此传票裁定任何案件；存在类似的第十巡回法院判决，但不包含引用的法律。结果：提出诉状；公开谴责；金钱制裁；补救备案和认证要求。", "court": "E.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Pleadings struck; public reprimands; monetary sanctions; remedial filing and certification requirements", "monetary_penalty": "28495 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "FCA US LLC v. Stan Steele/Steele Services", "url": "/documents/994/FCA_US_LLC_v_STAN_STEELESTEELE_SERVICES_Arbitration_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the National Arbitration Forum (UDRP). False Quotes: Case Law | Response included a quotation purportedly from a UDRP decision that does not appear in the cited decision; Panel found the quote to be fake and was alerted by Complainant. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FCA US LLC 诉 Stan Steele/Steele Services", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在国家仲裁论坛 (UDRP) 上。虚假引述：判例法|回复中包含据称来自 UDRP 决定的引述，但该决定并未出现在所引用的决定中；专家组发现该报价是假的，并向投诉人发出了警报。结果：警告。", "court": "National Arbitration Forum (UDRP)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "John Weaver v. Shasta Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/907/Weaver_v._Shasta_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | One case citation in Plaintiff's original Brief in Opposition was identified by the Court as an AI-generated fabricated case citation; Plaintiff later refiled acknowledging the citation was defective.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰·韦弗诉沙斯塔服务公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州西区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告最初的反对意见书中的一个案例引文被法院认定为人工智能生成的捏造案例引文；原告后来重新提交，承认传票有缺陷。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "N-BAR Trade v. Amazon", "url": "/documents/905/N-BAR_Trade_et_al_v._Amazon.com_Services_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D.C. DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed increasing reliance on AI leading to nonexistent citations and noted Plaintiffs' filing contained citations/quotations that appear fabricated or nonexistent; court advised counsel this is unacceptable and may prompt sanctions if case returns. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "N-BAR Trade 诉亚马逊", "description_zh": "律师出现在华盛顿特区。捏造：判例法|法院观察到对人工智能的日益依赖导致了不存在的引文，并指出原告的文件中包含看似捏造或不存在的引文/引文；法院告知律师，这是不可接受的，如果案件返回，可能会受到制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "University Mall v. Okorie et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/898/University_Mall_v._Okorie_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Mississippi. False Quotes: Case Law | Okorie attributed non-existent rulings/quotes to an existing case; Court noted misattributed/false quotation tied to Kaepa, Inc. v. Achilles Corp. Outcome: Civil contempt.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大学城诉奥科里等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。密西西比州。虚假引述：判例法|奥科里将不存在的裁决/引述归因于现有案件；法院注意到与 Kaepa, Inc. 诉 Achilles Corp. 案相关的错误引用/虚假引述。结果：民事藐视法庭。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Civil contempt", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Pete v. Facebook Meta Platforms", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/915/Pete_v._Facebook_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase \"may not consider extraneous factors such as the plaintiff's poverty\" to Franco v. Mabe Trucking Co.; the court found that quoted language is not in Franco and could not identify its source.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pete 诉 Facebook 元平台案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。虚假引述：判例法|原告将“可能不考虑原告贫困等无关因素”一词归因于 Franco v. Mabe Trucking Co.；法院认为所引用的语言并非佛朗哥语，因此无法确定其来源。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Guardian Piazza D'Oro LLC v. Ward Ozaeta", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/913/Guardian_Piaza_dOro_v._Ward_Ozaeta_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Bledsoe v. Jackman' at the reported citation 94 Cal.App.2d 650; the court was unable to locate that case at the citation (the citation pulls up Goldring v. Goldring), indicating a fabricated or miscited authority", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Guardian Piazza D'Oro LLC 诉 Ward Ozaeta", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人在报告的引文 94 Cal.App.2d 650 中引用了“Bledsoe v. Jackman”；法院无法在传票中找到该案件（传票中提到了 Goldring 诉 Goldring），这表明权威是捏造的或错误的", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Arch Insurance Company v. A3 Development, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/982/Arch_Insurance_Company_v._A3_Development_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that Solis v. Zenith Cap., LLC, No. 19-80730-CIV, 2019 WL 7376782 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 26, 2019), cited by defendants, appears not to exist; cited in defendants' response to support their position. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Arch Insurance Company 诉 A3 Development, LLC", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|法院认为，被告引用的 Solis v. Zenith Cap., LLC, No. 19-80730-CIV, 2019 WL 7376782 (S.D. Fla. 2019 年 9 月 26 日) 似乎不存在；被告的回应中引用了这些内容来支持他们的立场。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Rimu Capital Ltd. v. Ader et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rimu Capital Ltd. 诉 Ader 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。纽约。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Leila Kasso v. Police Officers’ Federation of Minneapolis", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/911/Leila_Kasso_v_Police_Officers_Federation_of_Minneapolis_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Minnesota. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited an existing case with incorrect citation details (wrong court/year). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莱拉·卡索诉明尼阿波利斯警察联合会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个现有案例，但引用细节不正确（法院/年份错误）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Thomas Joseph Goddard v. Sares-Regis Group, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/910/Goddard_v._Sares_Regis_Group_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Allegation of an 'unprecedented mass recusal of all thirty-nine Contra Costa Superior Court judges on July 24, 2025 (Ex. DD)' presented without support; court treated as unsupported/likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托马斯·约瑟夫·戈达德 (Thomas Joseph Goddard) 诉 Sares-Regis Group, Inc. 等人案。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。制作：展览和提交|指控“2025 年 7 月 24 日史无前例地大规模回避康特拉科斯塔高等法院所有 39 名法官（Ex. DD）”，但没有得到支持；法庭被视为不受支持/可能是人工智能生成的。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Megan Cowden v. US Treasury & IRS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/909/Cowden_v._Treasury__IRS_USA_20_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Fabricated: Case Law | Court was unable to locate one of the plaintiff's cited cases and flagged it as likely fabricated; court noted inability to verify the citation and suspected AI generation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梅根·考登诉美国财政部和国税局", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密苏里州。捏造：判例法|法院无法找到原告引用的其中一个案例，并将其标记为可能是捏造的；法院指出无法验证引文和可疑的人工智能生成。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Twyla Leach Minnesota DHS et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/908/Leach_v._Minnesota_DHS_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Minnesota. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's supplementary memorandum included a quotation attributed to a cited case; the quoted language does not appear in that case and could not be located elsewhere — the court treated this as an apparent AI-generated hallucinated quotation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Twyla Leach 明尼苏达州国土安全部等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在明尼苏达州 D. 法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告的补充备忘录包括引用案例的引文；引用的语言没有出现在该案件中，也无法在其他地方找到——法院将其视为明显的人工智能生成的幻觉引用。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Safe Choice, LLC v. City of Cleveland", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/961/Safe_Choice_v._City_of_Cleveland_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Amicus (Casemine) in proceedings before the N.D. Ohio. Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney attributed the phrase 'fresh injury' to Kuhnle; court found the Sixth Circuit never used that phrase and deemed the citation misrepresented. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Order to serve decision on clinet;.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Safe Choice, LLC 诉克利夫兰市", "description_zh": "律师在俄亥俄州北区法院的诉讼中使用了 Amicus (Casemine)。歪曲事实：判例法|律师将“新鲜伤害”一词归咎于库恩勒；法院发现第六巡回法院从未使用过该短语，并认为该传票存在误传。结果：金钱制裁；转介至律师协会；命令在客户端上送达决定；。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Amicus (Casemine)", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Order to serve decision on clinet;", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button et al. v. John Jimison (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/891/Button_v._Jimison_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a supposed Ninth Circuit case for the phrase 'to weed out meritless suits at an early stage' but the Court could not locate the cited case or the quote in any Ninth Circuit opinion. Outcome: Order include signed certification.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "米切尔·泰勒·巴顿等人。诉 约翰·吉米森 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了一个假定的第九巡回法院案件中的短语“尽早淘汰毫无根据的诉讼”，但法院无法找到所引用的案件或任何第九巡回法院意见中的引用。结果：订单包括签署的认证。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order include signed certification", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Artur Sargsyan v. Amazon.com Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/893/Sargsyan_v._Amazon_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Board of Trustees v. RBS Group, 2008 WL 5127215;\" the Court was unable to verify the case in legal databases and characterized it as made-up, warning of Rule 11 sanctions for future fake citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Artur Sargsyan 诉 Amazon.com Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“董事会诉苏格兰皇家银行集团，2008 WL 5127215；”法院无法在法律数据库中核实此案，并将其定性为捏造的，并警告称，未来的虚假引文将受到规则 11 的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Tippecanoe County Assessor v. Craig Goergen", "url": "/documents/892/Tippecanoe_County_Assessor_v._Al._USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Indiana Tax Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited a non-existent case, 'Hamilton Cnty. Assessor v. Allisonville Rd. P’ship, 170 N.E.3d 1117 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2021)'; the Court found the case does not exist and noted it likely arose from an AI hallucination. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒂珀卡努县评估员诉克雷格·格尔根 (Craig Goergen)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在印第安纳州税务法院出庭。捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了一个不存在的案例“汉密尔顿县”。评估员诉艾利森维尔路。 P’ship，170 N.E.3d 1117（Ind. Tax Ct. 2021）’；法院认定此案不存在，并指出这很可能是由人工智能幻觉引起的。结果：警告。", "court": "Indiana Tax Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "HR5764 AI for Main Street Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/5764", "description": "Amends the Small Business Act to require guidance, training, and outreach for small businesses on artificial intelligence, covering best practices, data protection, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and business operations integration. Defines AI per the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR5764 2025 年大街人工智能法案", "description_zh": "修订《小企业法》，要求为小企业提供人工智能方面的指导、培训和推广，涵盖最佳实践、数据保护、网络安全、监管合规和业务运营整合。根据 2020 年国家人工智能倡议法案定义人工智能。" }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Serafin v. United States Department of State, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/878/Serafin_v._Rubio_USA_16_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Missouri. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Escobar v. INS, 935 F.2d 955 (8th Cir. 1991)'; the Court found the citation non-existent/miscited (935 F.2d 955 corresponds to a different case, United States v. Lee). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Serafin 诉美国国务院等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密苏里州。捏造：判例法|原告援引“Escobar v. INS, 935 F.2d 955 (8th Cir. 1991)”；法院认为该引文不存在/错误引用（935 F.2d 955 对应于另一个案件，美国诉李）。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Missouri", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Conrad Smith et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al.", "url": "/documents/885/Smith_v._Trump_USA_16_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D.C. D.C.. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Opposition contained multiple fabricated Local Civil Rule citations (e.g., “Civil Procedure Rule 104 (7)-(8)”, “D.D.C. local Rule 104(7)”, “D.D.C. Rule 8(a)”, “L.R. 104.8”); court found these rules do not exist. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康拉德·史密斯等人。诉唐纳德·J·特朗普等人。", "description_zh": "律师出现在华盛顿特区。捏造：法律规范|反对意见包含多处捏造的地方民事规则引文（例如，“民事诉讼程序规则 104 (7)-(8)”、“D.D.C. 地方规则 104(7)”、“D.D.C. 规则 8(a)”、“L.R. 104.8”）；法院发现这些规则并不存在。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D.C. D.C.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Charles C. Force v. Capital One, N.A., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/875/Force_v._Capital_One_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Graves v. Smith's Transfer Corp., 736 F.2d 819, 820 (1st Cir. 1984) for a proposition the case does not hold; the Court found the case does not discuss the asserted point. Outcome: Filings stricken; Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Charles C. Force 诉 Capital One, N.A. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用 Graves v. Smith's Transfer Corp., 736 F.2d 819, 820 (1st Cir. 1984) 作为本案不成立的主张；法院认为本案没有讨论所主张的观点。结果：文件被破坏；显示原因顺序。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Filings stricken; Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Flores v. NICHA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Grok in proceedings before the SC NY. Outcome: Case dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗洛雷斯诉尼查", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约州法院的诉讼中使用了 Grok。结果：案件被驳回。", "court": "SC NY", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Grok", "outcome": "Case dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Nima Ghadimi v. Arizona Bank & Trust, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/877/Ghadimi_v._Arizona_Bank_Trust_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Contreras v. BlueCross Blue Shield of Ariz., No. CV-20-01915-PHX-JAT, 2021 WL 252719, at *2 (D. Ariz. Jan. 26, 2021)'; the court found the case number/Westlaw citation do not return the identified case and treated it as a likely fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nima Ghadimi 诉亚利桑那银行信托公司等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Contreras v. BlueCross Blue Shield of Ariz.，No. CV-20-01915-PHX-JAT，2021 WL 252719，at *2（D.Ariz.2021 年 1 月 26 日）”；法院发现案件编号/Westlaw 引文不会返回已识别的案件，并将其视为可能捏造的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Yasiel Puig Valdes v. All3Media America, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/10/27/yasiel-puig-ai-hallucinated-citations-gambling-and-libel/", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the SCA California (Los Angeles). Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited a non-existent case 'Edwards v. Hearst Corp. (1991) 53 Cal.3d 30, 43'; court confirmed it does not exist and counsel admitted it appeared after using ChatGPT. Outcome: Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Yasiel Puig Valdes 诉 All3Media America, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在加州 SCA（洛杉矶）的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|反对派引用了一个不存在的案例“Edwards v. Hearst Corp. (1991) 53 Cal.3d 30, 43”；法院确认它不存在，律师承认它是在使用 ChatGPT 后出现的。结果：转介。", "court": "SCA California (Los Angeles)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Polinski v. USA", "url": "/documents/876/Polinski_v._USA_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Court of Federal Claims. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Shearson Lehman Bros., Inc. v. Wasatch Bank, 788 P.2d 514 (Utah 1990)' in his Emergency Motion for Declaratory Judgment; the court found no such case and noted the citation appears fictitious and may relate to City of Monticello v. Christensen, 788 P.2d 513... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "波林斯基诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在联邦索赔法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告在其声明性判决紧急动议中引用了“Shearson Lehman Bros., Inc. v. Wasatch Bank, 788 P.2d 514 (Utah 1990)”；法院没有发现此类案件，并指出该引文似乎是虚构的，可能与蒙蒂塞洛市诉克里斯滕森案有关，788 P.2d 513... 结果：警告。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 October 2025", "title": "Robert Allen Reed et al. v. Community Health Care et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/874/Reed_v._Community_USA_14_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used implied in proceedings before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited “Flores v. United States, 189 F.3d 477, 481 (9th Cir. 1999)”; the Court found this decision does not exist and identified it as part of a pattern of fictitious citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伯特·艾伦·里德等人。 v. 社区医疗保健等。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 的诉讼程序中使用默示。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Flores v. United States, 189 F.3d 477, 481 (9th Cir. 1999)”；法院认为这一决定并不存在，并将其认定为虚假引文模式的一部分。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "United States v. Glennie Antonio McGee", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/862/USA_v._McGee_10_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Ghostwriter Legal in proceedings before the S.D. Alabama. False Quotes: Case Law | The filing attributed quotations to cases that, upon review, were false or misquoted from the cited authorities. Outcome: Public reprimand, referral and order to notify jurisdictions; monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉格伦尼·安东尼奥·麦吉", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用 Ghostwriter Legal。阿拉巴马州。虚假引述：判例法|该文件将引用的案例归咎于经审查，这些案例是错误的或错误引用了所引用的当局。结果：公开谴责、移交并命令通知司法管辖区；金钱制裁。", "court": "S.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Ghostwriter Legal", "outcome": "Public reprimand, referral and order to notify jurisdictions; monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "5000", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Roy J. Oneto v. Melvin Watson, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/865/Oneto_v._Watson_USA_10_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Ziskind v. Spector' in the brief; the Court found the opinion does not exist and counsel acknowledged it apparently does not exist. Outcome: Monetary Sanction, Order to notify client, complete CLE, and Bar informed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伊·J·奥尼托 (Roy J. Oneto) 诉梅尔文·沃森 (Melvin Watson) 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|律师在案情摘要中引用了“齐斯金德诉斯佩克特案”；法院认为该意见不存在，律师也承认该意见显然不存在。结果：经济制裁、通知客户的命令、完成 CLE 并通知酒吧。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction, Order to notify client, complete CLE, and Bar informed", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "David R. Pete v. United States Department of Justice, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/873/Pete_v._DOJ_USA_10_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case in his objections that the court could not locate; plaintiff later claimed he had submitted authentic copies but attached none; the court concluded the citation was AI-generated and fake. Outcome: Magistrate Judge's recommendation adopted; in forma pauperis denied; plaintiff ordered to pay $405 filing fee within 10 days or the case will be dismissed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "David R. Pete 诉美国司法部等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告在其异议中引用了法院无法找到的案例；原告后来声称他提交了真实副本，但没有附上；法院得出结论，该传票是人工智能生成的且是伪造的。结果：治安法官的建议被采纳；贫穷的形式被否认；原告被责令在 10 天内支付 405 美元的申请费，否则案件将被驳回。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge's recommendation adopted; in forma pauperis denied; plaintiff ordered to pay $405 filing fee within 10 days or the case will be dismissed.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "Lipe v. Albuquerque Public Schools (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/863/Lipe_v._Albuqueruqe.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. New Mexico. Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that earlier plaintiff filings contained fabricated case citations; counsel was previously sanctioned for inappropriate use of AI (Doc.149). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lipe 诉阿尔伯克基公立学校 (2)", "description_zh": "律师在新墨西哥州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院注意到，早期原告提交的文件包含捏造的案件引文；律师此前曾因不当使用人工智能而受到制裁（Doc.149）。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "Souders v. Lazor", "url": "/documents/864/Souders.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ohio CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'White v. Gainer, No. 06-C-367, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 27813 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 9, 2007)'; the court stated that this case does not exist. Outcome: Court rejected reliance on the cited authorities.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "苏德斯诉拉佐尔案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“White v. Gainer”，第 06-C-367 号，2007 年美国区。 LEXIS 27813（伊利诺伊州北区，2007 年 4 月 9 日）'；法院表示，本案不存在。结果：法院拒绝依赖所引用的当局。", "court": "Ohio CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court rejected reliance on the cited authorities", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Jose Villavicencio v. Judge Stephanie Mingo", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/854/JOSE_VILLAVICENCIO_Plaintiff_v_JUDGE_STEPHANIE_MINGO_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Marsh v. Chambers for the proposition that federal district courts may issue mandamus to compel state court officers; the court held this characterization was \"patently false.\" Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "何塞·维拉维森西奥诉斯蒂芬妮·明戈法官", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.俄亥俄州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了马什诉钱伯斯案（Marsh v. Chambers），主张联邦地区法院可以发布履行职责以强制州法院官员；法院认为这种描述“明显是错误的”。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "In the Matter of Stephen C.", "url": "/documents/1436/GOODMAN_10-07-25_8461-RELO__STEPHEN_C_DECISION.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CBCA. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Claimant cited several inapplicable/unspecified regulations to support reimbursement; when asked to provide the text he admitted the citations were generated by AI and withdrew reliance on them (retaining only JTR 053710). Outcome: Claim denied; reimbursement of moving costs denied..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于斯蒂芬·C.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CBCA 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：法律规范|索赔人引用了几项不适用/未明确的规定来支持报销；当被要求提供文本时，他承认引文是由人工智能生成的，并不再依赖它们（仅保留 JTR 053710）。结果：索赔被拒绝；搬家费用被拒绝报销..", "court": "CBCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Claim denied; reimbursement of moving costs denied.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 October 2025", "title": "Douglas Stuart Queen v. Kansas City et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/856/Queen_v._Kansas_City_et_al._USA_7_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Cases cited without concern to their accuracy Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "道格拉斯·斯图尔特·奎恩诉堪萨斯城等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在堪萨斯州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|引用的案例不考虑其准确性 结果：警告。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "Thomas Dexter Jakes v. Duane Youngblood", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/06/26/whoever-or-whatever-drafted-the-briefs-signed-and-filed-by-blackburn/?nab=1", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Pennsylvania. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Fabricated quotation attributed to the Court's April 25, 2025 Memorandum Opinion; Court found no such language in its opinion. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Pro Hac Vice status revoked.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托马斯·德克斯特·杰克斯诉杜安·杨布拉德", "description_zh": "律师在宾夕法尼亚州西区法院出庭。虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |伪造的引述归因于法院 2025 年 4 月 25 日的备忘录意见；法院在其意见中没有发现此类措辞。结果：金钱制裁； Pro Hac Vice 地位被撤销。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Pro Hac Vice status revoked", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "Support Community v. MPH International", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1051/Support_v._MPH_International_USA_6_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified and ordered excision of a fabricated California appellate citation that appeared in the brief; court directed removal. Outcome: Order to refile motion without hallucinations; Counsel to send Order to Bar and client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "支持社区诉 MPH International", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州北区法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|法院查明并下令删除案情摘要中伪造的加州上诉传票；法院指示拆除。结果：命令在没有幻觉的情况下重新提交动议；建议将命令发送给律师和客户。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to refile motion without hallucinations; Counsel to send Order to Bar and client", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "Smith v. Athena Construction Group, Inc.", "url": "/documents/850/SMITH_v_ATHENA_CONSTRUCTION_GROUP_INC__dcdce-18-02080__0201.0.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Grammarly; ProWritingAid in proceedings before the D.C. DC. Misrepresented: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited Simpkins for the proposition that courts in this Circuit routinely reject motions based solely on attorney argument; the court found this to be a false proposition of law. Outcome: Costs Order; Order to notify Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史密斯诉雅典娜建筑集团有限公司", "description_zh": "律师使用语法； ProWritingAid 在 D.C. DC 的诉讼中。歪曲事实：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了辛普金斯的观点，即本巡回法院通常会仅根据律师的论点驳回动议；法院认为这是一个虚假的法律命题。结果：成本订单；命令通知酒吧。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grammarly; ProWritingAid", "outcome": "Costs Order; Order to notify Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "Tovar v. American Automatic Fire Suppression Inc.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/10/17/court-concludes-filings-from-250-lawyer-firm-contained-ai-hallucinations/?nab=0", "description": "Lawyer used implied in proceedings before the SC California. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion contained a citation to a case that does not appear to exist (identified in the motion at ROA 100, p.6:15-18); court found the citation non-existent. Outcome: OSC/motion denied; no sanctions imposed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托瓦尔诉美国自动灭火公司案", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州最高法院的诉讼中使用默示。捏造：判例法|动议引用了一个似乎不存在的案例（在 ROA 100 的动议中指出，第 6:15-18 页）；法院认定该传票不存在。结果：OSC/动议被拒绝；没有实施任何制裁..", "court": "SC California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "OSC/motion denied; no sanctions imposed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "Robenson Lafontant v. Coolidge-CLK St. Germaine", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/918/Lafontant_v._Coolidge_CLK_USA_3_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Louisiana. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Boudreaux v. Boudreaux to support tenant-rights and non-waiver-by-continued-occupancy propositions, but the cited case concerns whether a principal was a statutory employer; the opinion's holding was misrepresented. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; 1h of CLE; Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Robenson Lafontant 诉 Coolidge-CLK St. Germaine", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。路易斯安那州。歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Boudreaux 诉 Boudreaux 案来支持租户权利和不因继续占用而放弃权利的主张，但所引用的案例涉及委托人是否是法定雇主；该意见的立场被歪曲了。结果：金钱制裁； 1 小时的 CLE；推荐。", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; 1h of CLE; Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "NewRez LLC v. Morton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/853/NewRez_LLC_v_Morton.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited four nonexistent cases; the court found the citations fabricated and noted them as nonexistent but declined to impose sanctions given pro se status. Outcome: No sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NewRez LLC 诉莫顿", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法|被告列举了四个不存在的案例；法院认定这些传票是捏造的，并指出这些传票根本不存在，但鉴于自辩身份，拒绝实施制裁。结果：不予制裁。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 October 2025", "title": "The People v. Raziel Ruiz Alvarez", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/10/04/court-especially-concerned-about-hallucinations-in-criminal-defense-lawyers-filings/", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case, presented as authority in the opposition. Outcome: Published order; monetary sanction payable by Counsel (who withdrew); State Bar notified.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人民诉拉齐尔·鲁伊斯·阿尔瓦雷斯", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|律师引用了一个不存在的案例，在反对派中作为权威提出。结果：发布订单；律师（退出）应支付金钱制裁；州律师协会已通知。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Published order; monetary sanction payable by Counsel (who withdrew); State Bar notified", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Ader v Ader", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/849/Ader_v_Ader__2025_N.Y._Misc._LEXIS_7848.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation appeared in Defendants' summary judgment opposition; court found it to be an AI hallucination and counsel later conceded AI use. Outcome: Costs Order; Referral to Bar Authorities.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿德诉阿德", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|被告的简易判决异议中出现了不存在的案例引证；法庭认定这是人工智能的幻觉，律师后来承认使用了人工智能。结果：成本订单；转介给律师协会当局。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Referral to Bar Authorities", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Jackson v. United States DHS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/962/Jackson_v_United_States_DHS_USA_1_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a district-court case called Sorrells v. United States (E.D.N.C.) that the court found does not appear to exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰克逊诉美国国土安全部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引了名为“索雷尔诉美国”(E.D.N.C.) 的地方法院案件，法院认为该案件似乎不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "Gavin B. Davis v. Chief Officer Gina Faubion, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/857/Davis_v._Pretrial_Services_USA_1_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Texas. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | AI research suggested 42 U.S.C. § 1983 could be used against federal pretrial officers; the court noted § 1983 does not apply to federal actors and the suggestion was inaccurate. Outcome: Court accepted the R&R, dismissed the action with prejudice under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), and denied leave to amend..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Gavin B. Davis 诉首席官员 Gina Faubion 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Texas 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。歪曲事实：法律规范| AI 研究建议 42 U.S.C. § 1983 可用于对付联邦预审官员；法院指出，第 1983 条不适用于联邦行为者，并且该建议不准确。结果：法院接受了 R&R，并根据 28 U.S.C. 的规定驳回了该诉讼。 § 1915(e)，并拒绝修改..", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court accepted the R&R, dismissed the action with prejudice under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), and denied leave to amend.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "In the Interest of R.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/834/In_the_Int._of_R.A.__2025_Iowa_App._LEXIS_860.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Iowa. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief included citations to cases and statutory text that the court could not locate; court concluded they were likely fabricated by AI and ordered counsel to explain. Outcome: Brief struck; Monetary penalty OR two hours of AI-specific CLE; referral to Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为了 R.A. 的利益", "description_zh": "律师在爱荷华州加州诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|答复摘要包括法院无法找到的案例和法定文本的引用；法院得出结论，这些内容很可能是人工智能捏造的，并命令律师做出解释。结果：短暂的打击；罚款或两小时 AI 特定 CLE；转介给酒吧。", "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief struck; Monetary penalty OR two hours of AI-specific CLE; referral to Bar", "monetary_penalty": "150 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Khoury et al v. Intermountain Health Care Inc. et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/843/Khoury_et_al_v_Intermountain_Health_Care_Inc__utdce-20-00372__0307.0.pdf", "description": "Expert used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Utah. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions Outcome: Case dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Khoury 等人诉 Intermountain Health Care Inc. 等人", "description_zh": "专家在 D. Utah 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：证据和意见书 结果：案件被驳回。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Case dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Tomlin v. State of New Mexico", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/839/Tomlin_v._State_of_New_Mexico_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Mexico. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited multiple cases in opposition to motions that the Court could not locate using standard research tools; the Court ordered Tomlin to produce copies and warned the citations appear to be AI-generated fabrications. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汤姆林诉新墨西哥州", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新墨西哥州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了多个反对动议的案例，但法院无法使用标准研究工具找到这些动议；法院命令汤姆林提供副本，并警告说这些引文似乎是人工智能捏造的。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button & Dusty Button v. Juliet Doherty et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/859/Button_v._Doherty_et_al._USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | References to findings that the judge in charge did not make. Outcome: Certification requirement for future AI-assisted filings..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "米切尔·泰勒·巴顿 (Mitchell Taylor Button) 和达斯蒂·巴顿 (Dusty Button) 诉朱丽叶·多尔蒂 (Juliet Doherty) 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |提及主审法官没有做出的调查结果。结果：未来人工智能辅助申请的认证要求。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Certification requirement for future AI-assisted filings.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "In re the Marriage of D.X. and S.P.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/838/In_re_the_Marriage_of_DX_and_SP_DX_v_SP_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this case to argue suicidal ideation cannot constitute abuse under the DVPA; appellate court found 'Quinn v. Levine (2021) 62 Cal.App.5th 366' to be fictitious/unlocatable and did not rely on it. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 D.X. 的婚姻和 S.P.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用该案例来论证自杀意念不能构成 DVPA 规定的虐待；上诉法院认为“Quinn v. Levine (2021) 62 Cal.App.5th 366”是虚构的/无法定位的，并且没有依赖它。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Kertesz v. Colony Tire Corp et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/858/Kertesz_v._Colony_Tire_Corp_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel filed a Notice of Errata acknowledging 'erroneous citation ... errors' in four briefs caused by the attorney's use of AI; the Court treated arguments supported by incorrect or made-up citations as unsupported and declined to consider the amended briefs o... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kertesz 诉 Colony Tire Corp 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告的律师提交了一份勘误通知，承认四份摘要中存在因律师使用人工智能而导致的“错误引用……错误”；法院将错误或编造的引文所支持的论点视为没有根据，并拒绝考虑经修订的摘要……结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "In re: Todd Elliott Koger", "url": "/documents/860/Elliott_Koger_v._Usoroh_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Pennsylvania (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a non-existent case cited by the Kogers—used in their filings to support preclusion/ownership arguments—and noted it appeared fabricated, suggesting AI-generated pleadings and raising Rule 9011 concerns. Outcome: One-year filing bar..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：托德·埃利奥特·科格", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州 W.D. 破产案中出庭。捏造：判例法|法院发现了 Koger 夫妇引用的一个不存在的案例（在他们的文件中用于支持排除/所有权论点），并指出该案例似乎是捏造的，表明人工智能生成的诉状并引发了 9011 规则的担忧。结果：一年的备案期限..", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "One-year filing bar.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Chapter Kris Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation, et al. (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/836/Jackson_v._BOK_Financial_Corp_USA_29_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Oklahoma. False Quotes: Case Law | Court identified numerous non-existent quoted passages in Plaintiff's original motion and struck it; the quoted language was false and unsupported by the cited cases. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯·杰克逊 (Kris Jackson) 诉 BOK 金融公司等人案。 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 N.D. 法庭上。虚假引述：判例法|法院在原告的原动议中发现了许多不存在的引用段落并予以驳回；所引用的语言是错误的，并且没有得到所引用案例的支持。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Munoz v. Lopez", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/837/Munoz_v._Lopez_USA_29_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants' opening brief cited multiple non-existent cases (respondent asserted seven of eleven cited cases do not exist); the court characterized the appellants' reliance as \"wholly manufactured case law\" and disregarded those authorities. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "穆尼奥斯诉洛佩兹", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的开场陈述引用了多个不存在的案例（被申请人声称十一个引用的案例中有七个不存在）；法院将上诉人的依赖描述为“完全捏造的判例法”，并无视这些权威。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Risk Evaluation Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2938/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Energy to establish the Advanced Artificial Intelligence Evaluation Program within 90 days. The program is required to offer standardized and classified testing of AI systems for likelihood of incidents. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年人工智能风险评估法", "description_zh": "要求能源部长在 90 天内制定先进人工智能评估计划。该计划需要对人工智能系统进行标准化和分类测试，以检测事件发生的可能性。" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Loftong v. Grove Farms", "url": "/documents/1874/Lofton_v._Grove_Farms_USA_26_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used FastCase in proceedings before the Cir. Ct., DeSoto Minnesota. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel relied on an AI research tool and cited 14 erroneous or non-existent cases in her June 19, 2025 response; Briggs flagged these in its July 1, 2025 rebuttal and the Court found the citations were fabricated or did not support the propositions cited. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order; 6 hours CLE; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "洛夫通诉格罗夫农场案", "description_zh": "律师在 Cir 的诉讼中使用 FastCase。明尼苏达州德索托县。捏造：判例法|原告律师依靠人工智能研究工具，在 2025 年 6 月 19 日的答复中引用了 14 个错误或不存在的案例； Briggs 在 2025 年 7 月 1 日的反驳中指出了这些内容，法院发现这些引文是捏造的或不支持所引用的主张。结果：不利费用令； 6小时CLE；酒吧推荐。", "court": "Cir. Ct., DeSoto Minnesota", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "FastCase", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; 6 hours CLE; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "7472 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Pennantia v. Rose Cay Maritime", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1017/Pennantia_v._Rose_Cay_Maritime_USA_26_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed: '[T]he maritime lien includes the principal debt, interest and reasonable attorney's fees, where provided for in the contract.' to Crescent Towing & Salvage Co. v. M/V ANAX (40 F.3d 741, 744 (5th Cir. 1994)); court found the quoted language absent from t... Outcome: No sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pennantia 诉 Rose Cay Maritime", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.纽约。虚假引述：判例法|简要归因：“海事留置权包括合同中规定的本金债务、利息和合理的律师费。” Crescent Towing & Salvage Co. 诉 M/V ANAX (40 F.3d 741, 744 (5th Cir. 1994))；法院发现所引用的语言不存在... 结果：不予制裁。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Jade Riley Burch v. HCA Healthcare", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/835/Jade_Riley_Burch_Plaintiff_v_HCA_Healthcare_Inc_et_al_Defendants_USA_26_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case titled 'Qwest Communications Int'l, Inc. v. WorldCom, Inc., 213 F. Supp. 2d. 1225 (D. Colo. 2002)'; the court noted this citation does not exist and identified the closest real case (Qwest Commc'n Int'l., Inc. v. WorldQuest Networks, 213 ... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jade Riley Burch 诉 HCA Healthcare", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Nevada 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个名为“Qwest Communications Int'l, Inc. v. WorldCom, Inc., 213 F. Supp.”的不存在的案件。 2d. 1225（科罗拉多州民主党，2002 年）'；法院指出该引文并不存在，并确定了最接近的真实案例（Qwest Commc'n Int'l., Inc. v. WorldQuest Networks, 213 ... 结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Evans, et al. v. Robertson et al. (2)", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/09/25/ive-seen-fake-cites-on-both-sides-now/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Evans misattributed quotations to United States v. Ziegler Bolt & Parts Co., 111 F.3d 878 (Fed. Cir. 1997); court flagged the inaccuracy. Outcome: Warning to both parties.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃文斯等人。诉罗伯逊等人。 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|埃文斯错误地引用了 United States v. Ziegler Bolt & Parts Co., 111 F.3d 878 (Fed. Cir. 1997)；法院指出了这一不准确之处。结果：对双方发出警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning to both parties", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Alexander Shaporov v. PIPPD P.O. Matthew Levine, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/825/ALEXANDER_SHAPOROV_Plaintiff_v_PIPPD_PO_MATTHEW_LEVINE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. New Jersey. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quoted sentence to Camiolo (3d Cir.) that does not appear there; the language instead appeared in Frohner quoting Mounts (7th Cir.). Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "亚历山大·沙波罗夫诉 PIPPD P.O.马修·莱文等人。", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将引用的句子归因于 Camiolo (3d Cir.)，但该句子并未出现在此处；相反，这种语言出现在弗罗纳引用的《Mounts》（第七巡回赛）中。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Eric Andrew Perez v. Dr. Neil C. Evans, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/823/ERIC_ANDREW_PEREZ_Plaintiff_v_DR_NEIL_C_EVANS_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to 'Concepcion v. City of New York, No. 05 Civ. 8501 (RJS), 2008 WL 5395720, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 17, 2008),' but no such December 17, 2008 S.D.N.Y. opinion exists; the quoted language actually appears in Armco, Inc. v. Penrod-Stauffer Build... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃里克·安德鲁·佩雷斯诉尼尔·C·埃文斯博士等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。纽约。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Concepcion v. City of New York, No. 05 Civ.”的引述。 8501 (RJS), 2008 WL 5395720，at *4 (S.D.N.Y. 2008 年 12 月 17 日)，但没有这样的 2008 年 12 月 17 日 S.D.N.Y.存在意见；所引用的语言实际上出现在 Armco, Inc. v. Penrod-Stauffer Build... 结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Oready, LLC (2)", "url": "/documents/815/Oready_881816.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited Trailboss Enterprises, B-417212.2; GAO found no such decision exists and protester’s 'typo' explanation was unpersuasive. Outcome: Protests dismissed for abuse.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥瑞迪有限责任公司 (2)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 Trailboss Enterprises，B-417212.2；美国政府问责局发现不存在这样的决定，抗议者的“打字错误”解释缺乏说服力。结果：抗议因滥用行为而被驳回。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Protests dismissed for abuse", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Melinda L'Shay Johnson v. MINI of Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/842/Johnson_v._Mini_of_Las_Vegas.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se plaintiff cited a non-existent authority in support of a surreply; the court reviewed the citation and found it fabricated or mis-cited and unrelated to the surreply standard. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Melinda L'Shay Johnson 诉 拉斯维加斯 MINI", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告本身引用了一个不存在的权威来支持其意外答复；法院审查了该引文，发现该引文是捏造的或错误引用的，并且与令人惊讶的标准无关。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Kenisha Black v. Mississippi DRS & Howard", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/822/Kenisha_Black_v_Mississippi_Dept.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opening memorandum contained AI-generated false authority/citations; counsel later filed a corrected memorandum deleting the apparent hallucinations. Outcome: Court accepted corrected briefs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kenisha Black 诉 密西西比州 DRS & 霍华德案", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。密西西比州。捏造：判例法|原告的开庭备忘录包含人工智能生成的虚假权威/引文；律师后来提交了一份更正的备忘录，删除了明显的幻觉。结果：法院接受更正后的陈述。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court accepted corrected briefs", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "T.M. v. M.M.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/841/TM_Appellant-Respondent_v_MM_Appellee-Petitioner.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited a quotation supposedly supporting judicial estoppel that the court found is not present in the cited case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "T.M. v.M.M.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用了据称支持司法禁止反言的引文，但法院发现所引案件中不存在该引文。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "BFG aka Byline Financial v. Pierce RE Holdings & Brewster", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.ilnd.474152/gov.uscourts.ilnd.474152.41.0.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants likewise cite numerous inapplicable caselaw, the court held Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BFG 又名 Byline Financial 诉 Pierce RE Holdings & Brewster", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告还援引了许多不适用的判例法，法院判决结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 September 2025", "title": "Puerto Rico Soccer League NFP, Corp., et al. v. Federación Puertorriqueña de Futbol, et al.", "url": "/documents/562/Puerto_Rico_Soccer_League_v._Federacion_USA_10_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D.C. Puerto Rico. False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed to Kevlik that MR 3.7(a)(3) substantial hardship exemption is interpreted broadly to protect against “unnecessary disruption”; court found no mention of MR 3.7 in Kevlik. Outcome: Order to pay opposing counsel's fees.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "波多黎各足球联盟 NFP, Corp. 等。 v. Federación Puertorriqueña de Futbol 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在波多黎各特区的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。虚假引述：判例法|归因于 Kevlik，MR 3.7(a)(3) 实质性困难豁免被广泛解释为防止“不必要的干扰”；法院发现 Kevlik 中没有提及 MR 3.7。结果：命令支付对方律师费用。", "court": "D.C. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "24492 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Vision Management Group v. Constant Aviation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/812/Vision_Management_Group_LLC_et_al_Plaintiffs_v_Constant_Aviation_LLC_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the N.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel miscited Cook and referenced a non-existent page; the court identified the incorrect citation and corrected the record (noting the correct Cook citation). Outcome: Warning, arguments disregarded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Vision Management Group 诉 Constant Aviation", "description_zh": "律师在俄亥俄州 N.D. 出庭。捏造：判例法|律师错误地引用了库克并引用了一个不存在的页面；法院发现了错误的传票并更正了记录（注明正确的库克传票）。结果：警告，忽略争论。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning, arguments disregarded", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "Lipe v. Albuquerque Public Schools (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/805/Lipe_v_Albuequerque_Public_Schools.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. New Mexico. False Quotes: Case Law | A quotation attributed to Ogden v. San Juan Cnty., 32 F.3d 452 (10th Cir. 1994) was presented though the quoted language does not appear in that opinion. Outcome: Monetary sanction; self-report to state bars.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lipe 诉阿尔伯克基公立学校 (1)", "description_zh": "律师在新墨西哥州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|引用了 Ogden v. San Juan Cnty., 32 F.3d 452 (10th Cir. 1994)，但所引用的语言并未出现在该意见中。结果：经济制裁；向州酒吧自我报告。", "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; self-report to state bars", "monetary_penalty": "3000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2025", "title": "In re Molina", "url": "/documents/840/In_re_Molina_USA_22_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. New York (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a disciplinary decision that the Court and opposing counsel could not locate; viewed as a potentially fictitious citation. Outcome: Order to sworn accuracy of citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莫利纳案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。纽约（破产）。捏造：判例法|被告援引了法院和对方律师无法找到的纪律处分决定；被视为潜在的虚构引文。结果：命令宣誓引用的准确性。", "court": "E.D. New York (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to sworn accuracy of citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Martin v. Redstone Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/809/Martin_v._Redstone_Federal_Credit_Union.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D Alabama. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case as addressing elements of fiduciary duty; the court found the citation does not exist and Westlaw search leads to an unrelated case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马丁诉红石联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在阿拉巴马州 N.D. 面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用此案来解决信托义务的要素；法院发现该引文不存在，Westlaw 搜索得出了一个不相关的案件。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Gibralter v. DMS Flowers", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/810/GIBRALTER_LLC_et_al_Plaintiffs_v_DMS_FLOWERS_LLC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' counsel cited a non-existent case—Innovation Ventures, LLC v. Pitts—with full reporter and pin cite; the Court found the citation fabricated and likely AI-generated. Outcome: Order to show cause discharged; Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "直布罗陀诉 DMS Flowers", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一个不存在的案件——Innovation Ventures, LLC 诉 Pitts——并附有完整的记者和图钉引文；法院认为该传票是捏造的，很可能是人工智能生成的。结果：责令出院，说明原因；警告。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause discharged; Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "United States v. Malik", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/821/United_States_v_Malik.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Maryland. False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Purported quote from an upcoming U.S. Sentencing Guidelines amendment instructing courts to consider inability to obtain professional license; court found the amendment does not contain that language. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉马利克", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马里兰州联邦法院出庭。错误引述：教义工作|据称引述了即将出台的《美国量刑指南》修正案，该修正案指示法院考虑无法获得专业执照的情况；法院认为该修正案不包含该语言。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Ali v. IT People Corporation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/811/Ali_v._People_Corporation.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff falsely represented that Union Planters v. L&J Dev. Co., 115 F.3d 378 (6th Cir. 1997) contained language holding that Rule 11 sanctions are “reserved for exceptional circumstances”; court found this a false quotation and pivotal misrepresentation. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿里诉 IT People Corporation", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法|原告虚假陈述 Union Planters 诉 L&J Dev。 Co., 115 F.3d 378（6th Cir. 1997）包含的措辞认为规则 11 制裁“保留用于特殊情况”；法院认为这是错误的引用和关键的失实陈述。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "600 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Cingel v. Ferreri", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/820/Cingel_v_Ferreri.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Marriage of Dunston, 989 N.E.2d 830, 835 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013)' to support abuse-of-discretion review; court found no such case and reporter citation pointed to unrelated decisions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "辛格尔诉费雷里案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“In re Marriage of Dunston, 989 N.E.2d 830, 835 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013)”来支持滥用自由裁量权审查；法院没有发现此类案件，而记者的引文则指出了不相关的决定。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "OTG New York, Inc. v. Ottogi America, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/796/OTG_v._Ottogi_USA_18_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a case that could not be verified at all and appears to be entirely fabricated; counsel admitted the citation could not be verified. Outcome: Monetary sanction; Plaintiff's Reply withdrawn and stricken; order to self-report to bar(s) and serve client with order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OTG New York, Inc. 诉 Ottogi America, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|律师引用了一个根本无法核实的案件，而且似乎完全是捏造的；律师承认该传票无法核实。结果：经济制裁；原告的答辩被撤回并被驳回；为了向酒吧自我报告并为客户提供订单。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Plaintiff's Reply withdrawn and stricken; order to self-report to bar(s) and serve client with order", "monetary_penalty": "3000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Pelishek v. City of Sheboygan", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wied.104622/gov.uscourts.wied.104622.184.0.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Westlaw's Quick Check and AI Case Search Tool in proceedings before the E.D. Wisconsin. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Claimed Wolf defended Pelishek and said he did nothing wrong; none of the four cited PPMF paragraphs support this. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pelishek 诉希博伊根市", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 Westlaw 的快速检查和人工智能案件搜索工具。威斯康星州。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |声称沃尔夫为佩利舍克辩护，并表示他没有做错任何事；引用的 PPMF 四个段落均不支持这一点。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw's Quick Check and AI Case Search Tool", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "4500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Eric V. Mitchel II v. Stellantis Financial Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/803/ERIC_V_MITCHEL_II_Plaintiff_v_STELLANTIS_FINANCIAL_SERVICES_INC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Smith v. Stellantis Financial Services, Inc., Case No. 3:18-cv-00512 (E.D. Va. 2018)\"; the Court found the cited case number actually corresponds to Miller v. General District Court of the City of Richmond, indicating an inaccurate/fabricated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃里克诉米切尔二世诉 Stellantis Financial Services", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。弗吉尼亚。捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Smith 诉 Stellantis Financial Services, Inc.，案号 3:18-cv-00512（弗吉尼亚州东区法院，2018 年）”；法院发现所引用的案件编号实际上对应于 Miller v. General District Court of the City of Richmond，表明引用不准确/捏造。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Latasha Hill v. Auto Club Family Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/802/LATASHA_HILL_PLAINTIFF_v_AUTO_CLUB_FAMILY_INSURANCE_COMPANY_DEFENDANT.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Hazy v. Ford Motor Co., 2021 WL 2345678'—the court found this case does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉塔莎希尔诉汽车俱乐部家庭保险公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.密西西比州。捏造：判例法|援引“Hazy 诉福特汽车公司，2021 WL 2345678”——法院认定此案不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Tsupko v. Kinetic Advantage, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/797/Tsupko_v._Kinetic_Advantage_USA_17_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's filings contained multiple other citations to cases the Court could not locate and deemed non-existent. Outcome: Admonishment and Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Tsupko 诉 Kinetic Advantage, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法|原告的文件中还多次引用了法院无法找到并被视为不存在的案件。结果：警告、警告。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment and Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Santree v. Eveangel Hines", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/800/SANTREE_NC_LLC_Plaintiff_v_EVEANGEL_HINES_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA North Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a State v. Boggess published in 1979 that does not exist; the court found no Supreme Court opinion by that name in 1979 (only a 2004 State v. Boggess exists and does not support her points). Outcome: Appeal dismissed for lack of genuine argument.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "桑特里诉伊文格尔·海因斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA North Carolina 出庭。捏造：判例法|被告引用了 1979 年发表的《State v. Boggess》一案，但该案并不存在；法院在 1979 年没有发现最高法院以该名称发表的意见（仅存在 2004 年州诉博格斯案，并且不支持她的观点）。结果：上诉因缺乏真正的论据而被驳回。", "court": "CA North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed for lack of genuine argument", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Jeramiah Brown v. Fat Dough Incorp., doing business as Dominos Pizza", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/801/JERAMIAH_BROWN_Plaintiff_v_FAT_DOUGH_INCORP_doing_business_as_DOMINOS_PIZZA_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff included the fictitious citation 'Lynch v. U.S. Postal Service, 2016 WL 7338415 (N.D.N.Y. Dec. 19, 2016)'; court found the Westlaw citation actually corresponds to Green v. New York, No. 14-cv-2073, 2016 WL 7338415 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 19, 2016), and no Lynch decision b... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jeramiah Brown 诉 Fat Dough Incorp.，以 Dominos Pizza 名义开展业务", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. New York 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告添加了虚构的引文“Lynch v. U.S. Postal Service, 2016 WL 7338415（N.D.N.Y. 2016 年 12 月 19 日）”；法院发现 Westlaw 的引文实际上对应于 Green v. New York，No. 14-cv-2073, 2016 WL 7338415（S.D.N.Y. 2016 年 12 月 19 日），并且没有林奇判决……结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "BKA Holdings v. Sam", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/794/BKA_Holdings_v._Sam_2025_IL_App_2d_250160-U.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | A third cited authority in the reply brief was AI-generated and non-existent; the court treated the repeated reliance on fabricated cases as abusive use of AI and struck the brief. Outcome: Plaintiff awarded attorney fees and costs for spotting hallucinated authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BKA Holdings 诉 Sam", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|答复摘要中引用的第三个权威是人工智能生成的且不存在；法院将一再依赖捏造的案件视为滥用人工智能，并驳回了诉讼摘要。结果：原告判给律师费和发现幻觉权威的费用。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff awarded attorney fees and costs for spotting hallucinated authority", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "Fagan v. Barnhiser, Nanologix, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/808/Fagan_v._Barnhiser_Nanologix.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion to support reconsideration; the Court could not locate any opinion by this caption or citation and found the citation apparently nonexistent; Plaintiff withdrew reliance. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fagan 诉 Barnhiser、Nanologix 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在新泽西州 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告援引该意见支持复议；法院无法通过此标题或引文找到任何意见，并发现该引文显然不存在；原告撤回了信赖。结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Facey v. Fisher, Liane et al.", "url": "/documents/827/Original_Source_Image.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the NY SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'James v. City of New York, 144 AD3d 604, 605 (1st Dept 2016)'; the court found no case at that citation and the actual James decision (144 A.D.3d 466) does not support counsel's argument. Outcome: Costs Order; Disclosure Obligations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Facey 诉 Fisher、Liane 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在纽约证监会出庭。捏造：判例法|律师引用“James v. City of New York, 144 AD3d 604, 605 (1st Dept 2016)”；法院在该传票中没有发现任何案件，并且实际的詹姆斯判决（公元 144 年 3d 466 年）并不支持律师的论点。结果：成本订单；披露义务。", "court": "NY SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs Order; Disclosure Obligations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Ezenwa Ebem v. Bondi et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/799/EUGENE_EZENWA_EBEM_Plaintiff_v_PAMELA_BONDI_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff repeatedly asserted a 'Clerk's Entry of Default' though the Clerk never entered default; the filings were refiling/relabeling of a motion (Dkt. Nos. 28-4; 29-1). Court treated this as a fabricated filing claim in the submissions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ezenwa Ebem 诉 Bondi 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院出庭。制作：展览和提交|原告多次声称“书记员默认了”，尽管书记员从未输入过默认值；该文件是一项动议的重新归档/重新标记（文​​档编号 28-4；29-1）。法院将此视为提交材料中捏造的申请索赔。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Nga Huynh v. Joseph Desimone", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/798/NGA_HUYNH_Plaintiff_and_Appellant_v_JOSEPH_DESIMONE_JR_Defendant_and_Respondent.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent case 'In re Marriage of Handley' to support that the standard of review is abuse of discretion; court identified it as fictitious, noted it was removed in corrected filings, and treated the citation as sanctionable conduct but declined sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nga Huynh v. 约瑟夫·德西蒙", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的“汉德利婚姻案”案件来支持审查标准是滥用自由裁量权；法院认定其为虚构，并指出其已在更正的文件中删除，并将该传票视为可制裁行为，但拒绝制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "N.Z. et al. v. Fenix International Ltd. et al. (OnlyFans)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1183/NZ_et_al_v._Fenix_International_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel acknowledged one fake cite Outcome: Monetary sanction; additional reporting and certification requirements; bar reerral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新西兰等人。诉 Fenix International Ltd. 等人。 （仅限粉丝）", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|律师承认一项虚假引用 结果：经济制裁；额外的报告和认证要求；酒吧重新安排。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; additional reporting and certification requirements; bar reerral", "monetary_penalty": "13000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Nicholas George DiCristina v. The Department of Employment Security, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/789/DICRISTINA_v_THE_DEPARTMENT_OF_EMPLOYMENT_SECURITY.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's opening brief cited cases that do not exist and included AI-generated content (repetitive 'refined' drafts and the statement 'Generative AI is experimental'); the court flagged those non-existent citations as fabricated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼古拉斯·乔治·迪克里斯蒂娜诉就业保障部等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人的开场简报引用了不存在的案例，并包括人工智能生成的内容（重复的“精炼”草稿和“生成人工智能是实验性的”声明）；法院将这些不存在的传票标记为捏造的。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Noland v. Land", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/778/Noland_v._Land__2025_Cal._App._LEXIS_584.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA California. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Goldstine v. LibertyMut. Ins. Co., 2020 WL 6216738 (W.D. Wash. 2020), which the court identified as a fabricated (nonexistent) case created by AI. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; State Bar notified; opinion to be served on client..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诺兰诉兰德案", "description_zh": "律师在加州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 Goldstine 诉 LibertyMut 案。插入。 Co., 2020 WL 6216738 (W.D. Wash. 2020)，法院认定该案件是 AI 捏造的（不存在的）案件。结果：金钱制裁；已通知州律师协会；意见要送达客户..", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; State Bar notified; opinion to be served on client.", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Yi-Sheng Fang, et al. v. Hechalou US LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/795/Yi-Sheng_Fang_et_al._v._Hechalou_US_LLC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited cases that do not exist; Plaintiffs' supplemental declaration identified multiple non-existent cases attributed to AI generation. Outcome: Monetary sanction; Order to notify State Bar and compliance declaration.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "方以升，等。诉 Hechalou US LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|反对派引用不存在的案例；原告的补充声明指出了多个不存在的归因于人工智能生成的案例。结果：经济制裁；通知州律师协会的命令和合规声明。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Order to notify State Bar and compliance declaration", "monetary_penalty": "2418 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 September 2025", "title": "USA v. Brewer", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/786/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_BRYAN_L_BREWER.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the M.D. Florida. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | United States v. Mmahat was cited for broad discoverability of probation files but the decision was abrogated and unrelated to revocation proceedings; subsequent history not cited. Outcome: Show Cause Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉布鲁尔", "description_zh": "律师出现在佛罗里达州医学博士面前。过时的建议：推翻判例法| United States v. Mmahat 因缓刑档案的广泛可发现性而被引用，但该决定已被废除且与撤销程序无关；后来的历史没有被引用。结果：显示原因顺序。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 September 2025", "title": "Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc. v. Dennis Michael Philipson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/781/MID-AMERICA_APARTMENT_COMMUNITIES_INC_Plaintiff_v_DENNIS_MICHAEL_PHILIPSON_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Tennessee. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se defendant cited 'First Nat'l Bank of Polk Cnty. v. Goss, No. E2008-01530-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 2046052 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 15, 2009)' and provided a quoted passage; the court found that citation does not exist as cited and the quoted language is not in the real 1995 Go... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc. 诉 Dennis Michael Philipson", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Tennessee 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|自辩被告引用了“波尔克县第一国家银行”。 v. Goss，No. E2008-01530-COA-R3-CV，2009 WL 2046052（Tenn. Ct. App. 2009 年 7 月 15 日）'并提供了引用的段落；法院发现，引用内容并不存在，且引用的语言并非真实的 1995 Go... 结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 September 2025", "title": "Calvin Bradley v. Matthew Eichhorn, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/787/CALVIN_BRADLEY_Plaintiff_v_MATTHEW_EICHHORN_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"State v. Gonzales, 2016-Ohio-8319, 6th Dist.\"; the court found 2016-Ohio-8319 leads to a case titled State v. Gonzalez at the Ohio Supreme Court (not Sixth Dist.) and is unrelated to the issue asserted. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡尔文·布拉德利诉马修·艾希霍恩等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.俄亥俄州。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“州诉冈萨雷斯，2016-Ohio-8319，第 6 区”；法院认定 2016-Ohio-8319 导致俄亥俄州最高法院（而非第六区）审理名为“州诉冈萨雷斯”的案件，且与所主张的问题无关。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 September 2025", "title": "S 2750 Strengthening Artificial intelligence Normalization and Diffusion By Oversight and eXperimentation Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2750/text", "description": "Requires the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to establish a Federal regulatory sandbox program for AI, allowing applicants to test AI innovations by obtaining temporary waivers or modifications on specific legal provisions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S 2750 通过 2025 年监督和实验法案加强人工智能规范化和扩散", "description_zh": "要求科学技术政策办公室主任建立针对人工智能的联邦监管沙盒计划，允许申请人通过获得临时豁免或对特定法律条款的修改来测试人工智能创新。" }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Ariel Mendones, et al. v. Cushman and Wakefield et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/828/mendones-v-cushman-wakefield.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC California. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Exhibits 6A and 6C are deepfake videos purporting to capture the speech and image of Geri Haas; court found them GenAI-created and not the same person as Ex. 36. Outcome: Terminating sanction: second amended complaint struck; entire action dismissed with prejudice..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿里尔·门多内斯等人。诉 Cushman 和 Wakefield 等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州 SC 的诉讼中使用身份不明的信息。制作：展览和提交|证据 6A 和 6C 是 Deepfake 视频，旨在捕捉 Geri Haas 的语音和图像；法院认定他们是 GenAI 创建的，与 Ex 不是同一个人。 36. 结果：终止制裁：提出第二次修正申诉；整个行动因偏见而被驳回..", "court": "SC California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Terminating sanction: second amended complaint struck; entire action dismissed with prejudice.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Teniah Tercero v. Sacramento Logistics, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/777/Tercero_v._Sacramento_Logistics_USA_9_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent Seventh Circuit opinion; court found no such published Seventh Circuit opinion under that citation. Outcome: Monetary sanction; Order to be server on client; State Bar notified.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Teniah Tercero 诉 Sacramento Logistics, LLC 等。", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|律师引用了不存在的第七巡回法院的意见；法院在该传票下没有发现第七巡回法院发表的意见。结果：经济制裁；命令成为客户端上的服务器；州律师协会已通知。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Order to be server on client; State Bar notified", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Shantell Robinson v. Oglala Sioux Tribe, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/784/SHANTELL_ROBINSON_Plaintiff_v_OGLALA_SIOUX_TRIBE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent opinion, 'Henlsey v. Alcon Labs, 277 F.3d 535 (4th Cir. 2002)'; Court noted it was non-existent and that fake opinions are not existing law. Outcome: Plaintiff's claims dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Shantell Robinson 诉 Oglala Sioux Tribe 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的意见，“Henlsey v. Alcon Labs, 277 F.3d 535 (4th Cir. 2002)”；法院指出，这是不存在的，虚假意见也不属于现行法律。结果：原告的诉讼请求被驳回。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's claims dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Poole v. Walmart, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/783/Poole_v_Walmart_Inc.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Plaintiff cited an incomplete/unspecified Westlaw entry attributed to the (nonexistent) Eastern District of Illinois; court could not find it and treated it as a hallucinated citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "普尔诉沃尔玛公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。过时的建议：废除的法律|原告引用了一项不完整/未指定的 Westlaw 条目，该条目归因于（不存在的）伊利诺伊州东区；法院无法找到它，并将其视为幻觉传票。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Thompson v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/785/Thompson_v_Commissioner_of_Social_Security_Administration.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Arizona. False Quotes: Case Law | Opening Brief contained a quotation attributed to an existing case that did not actually appear in that form; the portion was stricken. Outcome: Portions of the Opening Brief were stricken.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "汤普森诉社会保障管理局局长", "description_zh": "律师在亚利桑那州民主党法庭出庭。虚假引述：判例法|开场简报包含了对现有案例的引述，但实际上并未以该形式出现；该部分受到打击。结果：开场简报的部分内容遭到破坏。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Portions of the Opening Brief were stricken", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Anthony C. Hill v. Workday, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/976/Hill_v._Workday_USA_5_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used CoCounsel in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief included a nonexistent case citation (a 'mashup' citation) that did not match any real opinion; Court treated it as an AI-style fabricated citation and faulted counsel for failing to verify. Outcome: Order to circulate decision in law firm; CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安东尼·希尔 (Anthony C. Hill) 诉 Workday, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州北区法院的诉讼中使用了协理律师。捏造：判例法|简报包括一个不存在的案例引用（“混搭”引用），与任何真实观点都不相符；法院将其视为人工智能式捏造的传票，并指责律师未能核实。结果：命令在律师事务所传阅决定；克莱。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CoCounsel", "outcome": "Order to circulate decision in law firm; CLE", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Uni", "url": "", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Penalty OR Order to volunteer and teach about AI or share their experience.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大学", "description_zh": "律师出现在内华达号面前。捏造：判例法结果：罚款或命令自愿提供有关人工智能的知识或分享他们的经验。", "court": "Nevada", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty OR Order to volunteer and teach about AI or share their experience", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "Jason Stanford v. Behrooz P. Vida, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/896/Stanford_v._Vida_USA_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Texas. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quotation to Villegas v. Schmidt that the magistrate found does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰森·斯坦福诉贝鲁兹·P·维达等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Texas 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了维勒加斯诉施密特案的具体引文，但地方法官发现该引文并未出现在该意见中。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "Turner v. Garrels", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/751/Turner_v_Garrels_USA_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Iowa. Fabricated: Case Law | Turner quoted at least one nonexistent case in his judicial-notice motion; the court observed this appeared to be AI misuse and cautioned parties to independently verify sources. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特纳诉加瑞尔斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在爱荷华州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|特纳在他的司法通知动议中至少引用了一个不存在的案例；法院认为这似乎是人工智能的滥用，并警告各方独立核实来源。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "April Ann Nelson v. Navient Solutions, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/790/APRIL_ANN_NELSON_v_NAVIENT_SOLUTIONS.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Iowa. Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Haglund v. Philip Morris Inc. as nonexistent and listed it as an example of fictitious citations in the plaintiff's briefing. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "April Ann Nelson 诉 Navient Solutions, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.爱荷华州。捏造：判例法|法院认定哈格伦德诉菲利普莫里斯公司案不存在，并将其列为原告简报中虚构引用的一个例子。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Blake Lewis v. Entergy Mississippi, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/826/Lewis_v_Entergy_Mississippi_LLC__mssdce-25-00323__0022.0.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Matherne v. Cytec Corp., 78 F. App'x 977, 978 (5th Cir. 2003) as reversing a stay; the Court could not locate that opinion and research returned an unrelated Fifth Circuit decision (United States v. Strain). Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Blake Lewis 诉 Entergy Mississippi, LLC", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。密西西比州。捏造：判例法|律师引用 Matherne v. Cytec Corp., 78 F. App'x 977, 978 (5th Cir. 2003) 来撤销中止；法院无法找到该意见，并且研究返回了不相关的第五巡回法院判决（美国诉 Strain）。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Pete v. Houston Methodist Hospital", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/750/Pete_v._Houston_Methodist_Hospital_USA_3_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Other | Plaintiff submitted an unsigned affidavit attributed to 'Alexandra J. Smith' (with a Texas bar number) but admitted she never met the person and the State Bar had no record. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "皮特诉休斯顿卫理公会医院", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。德克萨斯州。制作：其他|原告提交了一份未签名的宣誓书，作者为“亚历山德拉·J·史密斯”（带有德克萨斯州律师号码），但承认她从未见过此人，州律师协会也没有记录。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "In re: Valsartan", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/12/07/expert-report-admitted-despite-ai-hallucinations-in-citations/", "description": "Expert appeared before the D. New Jersey. Fabricated: Case Law | Dr. Sawyer cited non-existent sources generated by an AI tool; court found the sources were fabricated due to lack of verification. Outcome: Motion to exclude Expert opinions denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于：缬沙坦", "description_zh": "专家出现在新泽西州民主党面前。捏造：判例法|索耶博士引用了人工智能工具生成的不存在的来源；法院认为，由于缺乏核实，消息来源是捏造的。结果：排除专家意见的动议被驳回。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to exclude Expert opinions denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. v. Igor Goncharko, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/753/Hobbs_v._Goncharko_USA_3_Septmber_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used implied in proceedings before the N.D. Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se plaintiff cited 'Lathan v. Brinkerhoff' in briefing; court and defense counsel could not locate the case and called it a ghost citation. Outcome: No sanction imposed, but noted Rule 11 may apply to pro se litigants..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. 诉 Igor Goncharko 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区诉讼程序中使用默示。捏造：判例法|原告在简报中引用了“Lathan v. Brinkerhoff”；法庭和辩护律师无法找到此案，并称其为“幽灵引证”。结果：未实施制裁，但指出第 11 条规则可能适用于自诉当事人。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "No sanction imposed, but noted Rule 11 may apply to pro se litigants.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Nixon v. Ken Ganley Ford West", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/782/Nixon_v_Ken_Ganley_Ford_West.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Court concluded at least two of Plaintiff's motions contained citations to nonexistent cases created by generative AI; Defendants reported inability to locate the cited authorities. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼克松诉肯·甘利·福特·韦斯特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Ohio 出庭。捏造：判例法|法院得出结论，原告的至少两项动议包含对生成人工智能创建的不存在案例的引用；被告报告称无法找到所引用的当局。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "In re Whitehall Pharmacy LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/788/In_re_Whitehall_Pharmacy_LLC.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Motion cited 'In re Berry Good, LLC, No. 4:20-bk-12345 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. May 2020)'; court found no such case or supporting order and determined the citation was AI-generated. Outcome: OSC withdrawn and dismissed; no sanctions imposed; matter transmitted to Arkansas Office of Professional Conduct.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于Whitehall Pharmacy LLC", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。阿肯色州。捏造：判例法|修正动议引用了“In re Berry Good, LLC, No. 4:20-bk-12345（Bankr. E.D. Ark. May 2020）”；法院没有发现此类案件或支持命令，并确定该传票是人工智能生成的。结果：OSC 撤回并解散；没有实施任何制裁；此事已转交给阿肯色州职业行为办公室。", "court": "E.D. Arkansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "OSC withdrawn and dismissed; no sanctions imposed; matter transmitted to Arkansas Office of Professional Conduct", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 September 2025", "title": "Davis v. Juvenile Detention Center", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/749/Davis_v._Marion_Country_Juvenile_DC_USA_2_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief quoted a non-existent decision cited as Perry v. City of Indianapolis, No. 1:18-cv-02173-JRS-DLP, 2019 WL 2088435, at 2; court found the citation to be an amalgam of multiple cases and the 2019 WL cite actually corresponds to Rehal v. Weinstein (unrelated). Outcome: Magistrate Judge recommended a monetary sanction; Counsel to forward copy of this order to client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "戴维斯诉少年拘留中心", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.印第安纳州。捏造：判例法| Brief 引用了一项不存在的判决，名为 Perry v. City of Indianapolis，No. 1:18-cv-02173-JRS-DLP，2019 WL 2088435，第 2 页；法院发现该引文是多个案件的混合体，2019 年 WL 引文实际上对应于 Rehal v. Weinstein（不相关）。结果：治安法官建议进行金钱制裁；建议将此命令的副本转发给客户。", "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge recommended a monetary sanction; Counsel to forward copy of this order to client", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "IBS Government Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/744/IBS_Gov._Srvs._881152.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. False Quotes: Case Law | Protester misquoted or misattributed existing GAO decisions in its pleadings; intervenor flagged the misquotes to GAO. Protester acknowledged errors and supplied corrected citations. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "IBS 政府服务公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。虚假引述：判例法|抗议者在诉状中错误引用或错误归因了政府问责局的现有决定；干预者向 GAO 标记了错误引用。抗议者承认错误并提供了更正的引文。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Clerk of the Ct. v. Rangel", "url": "/documents/732/Clerk_of_the_Ct._v._Rangel_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Florida CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Attorney admitted one cited authority in the answer brief is non-existent; court ordered copies of cited authorities and directed explanation. Outcome: Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ct 的书记员。诉兰格尔", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|律师承认答辩状中引用的权威人士并不存在；法院下令提供所引用的权威机构的副本并进行指示性解释。结果：酒吧推荐。", "court": "Florida CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. v. Paul Kimmel (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/748/Lothamer_Tax_Resolution_v._Kimmel_USA_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined the citation to Baker Hughes Inc. v. S&S Chem., LLC (No. 2:21-cv-2611, 2022 WL 1591563) could not be located at the provided citation and treated it as a fictitious authority. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. 诉 Paul Kimmel (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. 密歇根州出庭。捏造：判例法|法院裁定无法在所提供的引文中找到 Baker Hughes Inc. 诉 S&S Chem., LLC（编号 2:21-cv-2611, 2022 WL 1591563）的引文，并将其视为虚构机构。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Multiphone Latin America v. Millicom International Cellular", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/729/Multiphone_Latin_v._Millicom_International_Cellular.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the S.D. Florida. Misrepresented: Case Law | Response cites at least four existing cases for propositions those opinions do not discuss (e.g., citing Morrison v. Nissan Motor Co., 601 F.2d 139 for an unrelated point); Court identified misapplication of authority. Outcome: Referral to District Ad Hoc Committee and the Florida Bar for investigation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Multiphone Latin America 诉 Millicom International Cellular", "description_zh": "律师出庭接受 S.D.佛罗里达。歪曲事实：判例法|回应中至少引用了四个现有案例来说明这些意见未讨论的主张（例如，针对不相关的观点引用 Morrison v. Nissan Motor Co., 601 F.2d 139）；法院认定滥用职权。结果：转介给地区特设委员会和佛罗里达州律师协会进行调查。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to District Ad Hoc Committee and the Florida Bar for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Lonnie Allbaugh v. University of Scranton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/728/Allbaugh_v._Scranton_Uni_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted language allegedly from the cited case—\"We do not require a plaintiff to plead a prima facie case of discrimination to survive a motion to dismiss.\"—which does not appear in the actual case plaintiff said he meant Outcome: Monetary sanction; complaint dismissed without prejudice; leave to amend granted..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "朗尼·奥尔博诉斯克兰顿大学案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|据称引用的案例中的语言是“我们不要求原告对表面上存在歧视的案件进行辩护，以便在驳回动议中幸存下来。”这并没有出现在实际案件中，原告说他的意思是结果：金钱制裁；投诉被无偏见地驳回；允许修改..", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; complaint dismissed without prejudice; leave to amend granted.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Myeesha Parker v. Costco Wholesale Corp.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/02/14/the-quality-of-counsels-filings-further-deteriorated/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Washington. False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to Meissner v. Simpson Timber Co. could not be located in that existing Washington case (false quotation). Outcome: Fine, Adverse Costs Order, Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Myeesha Parker 诉 Costco Wholesale Corp.", "description_zh": "律师出现在 W.D. Washington 面前。虚假引述：判例法|引用的迈斯纳诉辛普森木材公司的语言无法在现有的华盛顿案件中找到（虚假引用）。结果：罚款、不利费用令、律师转介。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Fine, Adverse Costs Order, Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "6200 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "USA v. Sethi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/752/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_SAMEER_PRAVEEN_SETHI_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. False Quotes: Case Law | Defendant attributed to Faretta a quotation that does not appear in the opinion; court found the quoted language was fabricated/misquoted and corrected the record. Outcome: Court denied defendant's motions; sentencing ordered to proceed as scheduled; no professional sanctions imposed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉塞蒂", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。虚假引述：判例法|被告引用了法雷塔的话，但并未出现在意见中；法院认定所引用的语言是捏造/错误引用的，并更正了记录。结果：法院驳回被告的动议；判令量刑如期进行；没有施加专业制裁..", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court denied defendant's motions; sentencing ordered to proceed as scheduled; no professional sanctions imposed.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Thackston v. Driscoll", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/730/Thackston_v._Secretary_of_the_Army_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Texas. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Fabela v. Socorro ISD for anti-retaliation/hostile-work-environment propositions the case does not discuss, per the court. Outcome: Magistrate Judge recommended Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨克斯顿诉德里斯科尔", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 W.D. 出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的说法，援引 Fabela 诉 Socorro ISD 的反报复/敌对工作环境主张，该案并未讨论。结果：治安法官建议实施规则 11 制裁。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge recommended Rule 11 sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Lee v. R&R Home Care, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/780/Lee_v_RAndR_Home_Care_Inc.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Google Gemini in proceedings before the E.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a fabricated case citation attributed to \"Roman Catholic Church of Archdiocese of New Orleans v. Louisiana Health Serv. & Indem. Co., No. 20-1361, 2021 WL 1080684,\" which does not exist and whose cited Westlaw and docket numbers correspond to unrelated cases. Outcome: Monetary sanction; referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lee 诉 R&R Home Care, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼程序中使用了 Google Gemini。路易斯安那州。捏造：判例法|法院认定了一份捏造的案件引文，该引文归因于“新奥尔良大主教区罗马天主教堂诉路易斯安那州健康服务与赔偿公司，第 20-1361 号，2021 WL 1080684”，该引文并不存在，其引用的 Westlaw 和案卷编号与不相关的案件相对应。结果：经济制裁；转介。", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google Gemini", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "In re Richburg", "url": "/documents/731/In_re_Richburg_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used Microsoft CoPilot in proceedings before the South Carolina (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited a nonexistent case \"In re Parkdale, LLC\" to support that an LLC's assets are property of a member-debtor's estate; the court determined the case does not exist and was generated by AI. Outcome: 3 hours of CLE to be proven.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于里奇堡", "description_zh": "律师在南卡罗来纳州（破产）之前的诉讼中使用了 Microsoft CoPilot。捏造：判例法|动议引用了一个不存在的案例“In re Parkdale, LLC”来支持有限责任公司的资产是成员债务人遗产的财产；法院认定该案件不存在，由人工智能生成。结果：3 小时的 CLE 得到验证。", "court": "South Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft CoPilot", "outcome": "3 hours of CLE to be proven", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "United States v. Michael Shane DeBaere (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/755/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_MICHAEL_SHANE_DEBAERE.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | DeBaere cited a non-existent provision of the Guide to Judiciary Policy (Vol. 8, Pt. E, § 220.40) and quoted language that the court determined does not exist; court found the quotation fabricated and provided no basis for disclosure. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉迈克尔·肖恩·德贝尔 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在弗吉尼亚州 W.D. 出庭。捏造：教义工作| DeBaere 引用了《司法政策指南》（第 8 卷，Pt.E，第 220.40 段）中不存在的条款，并引用了法院确定不存在的语言；法院认为该报价是捏造的，并且没有提供披露依据。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "Takefman v. The Pickleball Club, LLC", "url": "/documents/756/Takefman_v._Pickleball_USA_27_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Third District Court of Appeal, State of Florida. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited a misattributed 'McPartland' citation and used a parenthetical claiming the real order held a particular rule that the court found unsupported by the real opinion. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塔克夫曼诉匹克球俱乐部有限责任公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛罗里达州第三地区上诉法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了错误归属的“麦克帕特兰”引文，并使用了附加说明，声称真实命令持有法院认为不受真实意见支持的特定规则。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "Third District Court of Appeal, State of Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "Helgen Industries", "url": "/documents/725/Helgen_881022.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Palmetto GBA, LLC, B-412414.3 (2016)'; the agency and GAO were unable to verify or locate the decision and treated the citation as non-existent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "海尔根工业公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“Palmetto GBA, LLC, B-412414.3 (2016)”；该机构和政府问责局无法核实或找到该决定，并将该传票视为不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Chenco v. Do-Fluoride", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/738/Chenco_v._Do-Fluoride_USA_22_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Idaho. False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Infuturia as stating removal is proper when the arbitration clause or award is raised in defense rather than the complaint; court found the quoted sentence does not appear in Infuturia. Outcome: Court denied defendant's motion for leave to file a surreply, admonished counsel for submitting non-existent quotations, and granted plaintiff's motion to remand..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Chenco 诉 Do-Fluoride", "description_zh": "律师出庭爱达荷州法院。虚假引述：判例法|引用 Infuturia 的说法，当仲裁条款或裁决是在辩护而非投诉中提出时，移除是适当的；法院发现所引用的句子并未出现在 Infuturia 中。结果：法院驳回了被告提出的允许提交意外答复的动议，对律师提交了不存在的引文进行了训诫，并批准了原告的还押动议。", "court": "D. Idaho", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court denied defendant's motion for leave to file a surreply, admonished counsel for submitting non-existent quotations, and granted plaintiff's motion to remand.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Fernando Betancourt Gómez v. Colegio de Profesionales", "url": "/documents/832/Orden_TPI_-_SJ_sanciones.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Puerto Rico. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion attributed a non-existent Suárez v. CMI Caribe, 180 DPR 367, 376 (2010) and quoted the Tribunal Supremo text — court found the citation and quoted text fictitious. Outcome: Trial court imposed a monetary sanction of $1,000 on the lawyers for causing unjustified delay; referred the lawyers to the Puerto Rico Supreme Court for disciplinary evaluation; judge inhibited from cases involving those lawyers and case to be reassigned..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "费尔南多·贝当古·戈麦斯诉职业学院", "description_zh": "律师出现在波多黎各面前。捏造：判例法|动议归因于不存在的 Suárez v. CMI Caribe, 180 DPR 367, 376 (2010) 并引用了法庭最高文本——法院认为引文和引用的文本是虚构的。结果：初审法院因律师无理拖延而对律师处以 1,000 美元的罚款；将律师移交给波多黎各最高法院进行纪律评估；法官禁止审理涉及这些律师的案件，并将案件重新分配。", "court": "Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Trial court imposed a monetary sanction of $1,000 on the lawyers for causing unjustified delay; referred the lawyers to the Puerto Rico Supreme Court for disciplinary evaluation; judge inhibited from cases involving those lawyers and case to be reassigned.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "In re Mascio", "url": "/documents/737/In_re_Mascio_USA_22_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited non-existent 'In re Simpson, 2008 WL 467698 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2008)'; court found no such case and that 2008 WL 467698 corresponds to Roby v. American Airlines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2008); court admonished debtor and cautioned about AI/Rule 11 compliance. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于马西奥", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 法院（破产）面前出庭。捏造：判例法|债务人引用了不存在的“In re Simpson, 2008 WL 467698 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2008)”；法院没有发现此类案件，并且 2008 WL 467698 对应于 Roby v. American Airlines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2008)；法院对债务人进行了训诫，并警告其遵守 AI/规则 11。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 August 2025", "title": "In re R.L.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/754/In_re_RL.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited In re C.P., 2018 IL App (4th) 180378, which the court found does not exist; court flagged this as an example of counsel citing nonexistent authority. Outcome: No additional sanctions (given sanctions for Counsel in other cases).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 R.L.", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 In re C.P., 2018 IL App (4th) 180378，法院认为该申请不存在；法院将此标记为律师援引不存在权威的例子。结果：不再受到额外制裁（在其他案件中对律师进行制裁）。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No additional sanctions (given sanctions for Counsel in other cases)", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 August 2025", "title": "Lahti v. Consensys Software Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/718/Lahti_v._Consensys_Software_USA_20_AUgust_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Submission Stricken.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉赫蒂诉 Consensys Software Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.俄亥俄州。 Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Submission Stricken.", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Submission Stricken", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 August 2025", "title": "Garces v. Hernandez", "url": "/documents/736/Garces_v._Hernandez_USA_19_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Fifth Circuit CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Court notes Ermine v. Frank, 655 F.3d 154 (3d Cir. 2011) does not exist though cited to support Garces's argument. Outcome: Admonishment and Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加尔塞斯诉埃尔南德斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA 第五巡回法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院指出 Ermine v. Frank, 655 F.3d 154 (3d Cir. 2011) 尽管被引用来支持 Garces 的论点，但并不存在。结果：警告、警告。", "court": "Fifth Circuit CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment and Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 August 2025", "title": "Clark v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/735/Clark_v_JPMorgan_Chase_Bank_NA_USA_19_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation 'United States v. Provident Bank, 2021 WL 1985046, at 2 (E.D. Mich. May 18, 2021)' cannot be located and likely does not exist. Outcome: Plaintiff's motion denied as frivolous; reply and sur-reply struck; plaintiff ordered to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克拉克诉北美摩根大通银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|法院发现引文“United States v. Provident Bank, 2021 WL 1985046, at 2 (E.D. Mich. May 18, 2021)”无法找到，而且很可能不存在。结果：原告的动议因无意义而被驳回；回复和追加回复响起；责令原告说明理由。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's motion denied as frivolous; reply and sur-reply struck; plaintiff ordered to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "In re Sonja Helvig DeRosa-Grund", "url": "/documents/719/In_Re_Derosa-Grund_USA_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy). False Quotes: Case Law Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice for one year.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "索尼娅·赫尔维格·德罗莎-格伦德案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。德克萨斯州（破产）。虚假引述：判例法结果：案件因偏见被驳回一年。", "court": "S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice for one year", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Williams v. Kirch", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/715/Williams_v._Kirch_USA_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Indiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent U.S. Supreme Court case; the court found it fictitious and admonished appellant. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威廉姆斯诉基希案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Indiana 出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的美国最高法院案例；法院认定该内容不实，并对上诉人进行训诫。结果：警告。", "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Clonan v. Centrastate Healthcare system", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/712/Clonan_v._Centrastate_Healthcare.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Westlaw (and others unidentified) in proceedings before the D. New Jersey. False Quotes: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Clonan 诉 Centrastate 医疗保健系统案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新泽西州 D. 的诉讼中使用了 Westlaw（以及其他身份不明的人）。错误引述：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Westlaw (and others unidentified)", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "in re: Nasser", "url": "/documents/714/Xu_v._Nasser_In_re_Nasser_USA_15_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Michigan (Bankruptcy). False Quotes: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs’ Response presented three statutory provisions in block quotations that were actually paraphrases materially different from the statutes. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：纳赛尔", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。密歇根州（破产）。虚假报价：法律规范|原告的答复在整体引用中提出了三项法律规定，这些规定实际上与法律的释义存在重大差异。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Monster Energy Company v. John H. Owoc", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/711/Monster_v._Owoc.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion and reply contained eleven fabricated case-law citations generated by AI; the Court read them into the record and found a Rule 11(b)(2) violation. Outcome: Community service and certification requirement for future filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Monster Energy Company 诉 John H. Owoc", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|被告的动议和答复包含 11 条由人工智能生成的捏造判例法引文；法院将其记录在案，并认定违反了规则 11(b)(2)。结果：未来申请的社区服务和认证要求。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Community service and certification requirement for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Johnny McMurry, Jr. v. Neiders Company LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1452/McCurry_v._Neiders_USA_14_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case in his briefing (Dkt. No. 17 at 6); the Court noted the citation was non-existent, admonished Plaintiff, and warned of possible Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Court admonished plaintiff for citing a non-existent case and warned of potential Rule 11 sanctions; no sanction imposed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Johnny McMurry, Jr. 诉 Neiders Company LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告在其简报中引用了一个不存在的案件（Dkt. No. 17 at 6）；法院指出该传票并不存在，对原告提出警告，并警告可能会受到第 11 条规则的制裁。结果：法院因原告引用不存在的案件而对原告提出警告，并警告可能受到第 11 条规则制裁；没有制裁..", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court admonished plaintiff for citing a non-existent case and warned of potential Rule 11 sanctions; no sanction imposed.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "Goya v. Hayashida", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Florida (4th D). Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "戈雅诉林田", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA Florida 出庭（4th D）。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "CA Florida (4th D)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "Oready, LLC (1)", "url": "/documents/663/Matter_of_Oready_USA_13_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Misrepresented: Case Law | Protester cited 'Total Health Res., B-414101, Feb. 21, 2017, 2017 CPD ¶ 64,' but GAO noted the accurate decision is Total Health Resources, B-403209, Oct. 4, 2010, 2010 CPD ¶ 226; thus the reference was inaccurate. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥瑞迪有限责任公司 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。歪曲事实：判例法|抗议者引用了“Total Health Res., B-414101, Feb. 21, 2017, 2017 CPD ¶ 64”，但 GAO 指出，准确的决定是 Total Health Resources, B-403209, Oct. 4, 2010, 2010 CPD ¶ 226；因此，该参考文献是不准确的。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "Woody Nora v. M & A Transport, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/08/14/sanctions-for-another-lawyer-filing-ai-hallucinated-material/", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Louisiana. Fabricated: Case Law | Party mashed a real case caption and citation from two different cases Outcome: Monetary Sanction; 1 hour of CLE on Generative AI; referral to the Disciplinary Committee..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伍迪·诺拉 (Woody Nora) 诉 M & A Transport, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。路易斯安那州。捏造：判例法|当事人将两个不同案例的真实案例标题和引文混为一谈 结果：货币制裁； 1 小时关于生成式 AI 的 CLE；移交纪律委员会..", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; 1 hour of CLE on Generative AI; referral to the Disciplinary Committee.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "11 August 2025", "title": "Hocog v. Cook-Huynh", "url": "/documents/724/Decision_and_Order_Granting_Defendant_Dr._Mariana_Cook-Huynhs_Motion_To_Dismiss.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used implied in proceedings before the Superior Court of Guam. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs cited 7 GCA §10105, which does not exist (likely intended 10 GCA §10105). Outcome: Pending.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Hocog 诉 Cook-Huynh", "description_zh": "律师在关岛高等法院的诉讼中使用暗示。捏造：法律规范|原告引用了 7 GCA §10105，但该条并不存在（可能是指 10 GCA §10105）。结果：待定。", "court": "Superior Court of Guam", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Pending", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 August 2025", "title": "Lori Chavez-DeRemer v. NAB, LLC, Asia Trinh, and Nicole Brown", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/698/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer_Plaintiff_v_NAB_LLC_Asia_Trinh_and_Nicole_Brown_Defend.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Trinh's brief cited at least one non-existent case; the Secretary flagged it (ECF No. 170 n.1), and the court acknowledged it and warned about AI-generated fake precedent. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lori Chavez-DeRemer 诉 NAB, LLC、Asia Trinh 和 Nicole Brown", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法| Trinh 的简报至少引用了一个不存在的案例；部长标记了它（ECF No. 170 n.1），法院承认了这一点，并警告人工智能生成的虚假先例。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 August 2025", "title": "Herr v. Elos Environmental, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/697/Herr_v_Elos_Environmental_LLC.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Louisiana. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase and holding about 'clearly contradicted' sworn testimony to Wilson v. Volkswagen; the court found Wilson contains no such discussion. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Herr 诉 Elos Environmental, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。路易斯安那州。虚假引述：判例法|原告将这句话和关于“明显矛盾”的宣誓证词归因于威尔逊诉大众汽车公司；法院认为威尔逊没有包含此类讨论。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation et al (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/706/Jackson_v._Bok.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Oklahoma. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Kevlik v. Goldstein; the Court found the quoted language does not appear in the case. Outcome: Motion stricken without prejudice; Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Jackson 诉 BOK Financial Corporation 等人 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 N.D. 法庭上。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Kevlik v. Goldstein 的引文；法院认为所引用的语言并未出现在本案中。结果：运动不受影响；警告。", "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "outcome": "Motion stricken without prejudice; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Pineda v. Campos", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1134/Pineda_v._Campos_USA_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Arizona. Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Cardoso v. Soldo' with reporter information that actually corresponds to a different opinion (Lund v. Myers) and the cited authority did not support counsel's proposition. Outcome: Referral to State bar; Ex officio adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "皮内达诉坎波斯案", "description_zh": "律师在加州亚利桑那州出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用的“卡多索诉索尔多”案中的记者信息实际上对应了不同的意见（隆德诉迈尔斯），并且所引用的权威机构并不支持律师的主张。结果：转介至州律师协会；当然不利成本令。", "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to State bar; Ex officio adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Graham-Jackson v. Martin and Rock Prairie Farms, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/707/Graham_Jackson_v._Martin.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the CA Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited legal authorities that do not exist; respondents flagged and court found violations of RULE 809.19(1)(e) and (4)(b). Outcome: Monetary sanctions of $500 and requirement for future affidavit on legal citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Graham-Jackson 诉 Martin and Rock Prairie Farms, LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在威斯康星州 CA 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了不存在的法律权威；被告被标记，法院认定违反了规则 809.19(1)(e) 和 (4)(b)。结果：罚款 500 美元，并要求未来提供法律传票宣誓书。", "court": "CA Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions of $500 and requirement for future affidavit on legal citations", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "In re S.M., a Minor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/708/In_re_S.M..pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Illinois. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited a non-existent case; court's research found no such opinion. Outcome: Monetary sanction; report to ARDC.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 S.M.，未成年人", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法| Brief引用了一个不存在的案例；法院的研究没有发现这样的意见。结果：经济制裁；向 ARDC 报告。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; report to ARDC", "monetary_penalty": "1000", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 August 2025", "title": "Hall v. The Academy Charter School", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/652/Hall_v._the_Academy_Charter_School_USA_7_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D.N.Y.. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cited a non-existent SDNY case to argue charter schools are not subject to notice-of-claim requirements; the Court noted the case does not exist. Outcome: No monetary sanctions imposed; counsel admonished.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "霍尔诉学院特许学校案", "description_zh": "律师出现在 E.D.N.Y.. 编造：判例法 |原告的反对者引用了一个不存在的 SDNY 案例来论证特许学校不受索赔通知要求的约束；法院指出此案不存在。结果：不实施货币制裁；律师告诫道。", "court": "E.D.N.Y.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions imposed; counsel admonished", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 August 2025", "title": "Luke v. Iowa DHHS", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/iowa/court-of-appeals/2025/24-1421.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the CA Iowa. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卢克诉爱荷华州 DHHS", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在爱荷华州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法结果：警告。", "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Carla Bender 4thdistrict Appellate Ct. v. Julian S.", "url": "/documents/649/Carla_Bender_v._Julian_S._USA_4_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Illinois CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Seven cases of fabricated citations Outcome: Monetary sanctions imposed on attorney and report to disciplinary commission.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡拉·本德 (Carla Bender) 第四区上诉法院诉朱利安·S.", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法| 7 起捏造传票案件 结果：对律师处以经济制裁，并向纪委举报。", "court": "Illinois CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions imposed on attorney and report to disciplinary commission", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Tellez v. Proiettii", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "特莱兹诉普罗耶蒂", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|捏造的结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Advani v. Appellate Term", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/694/Advani_v_Appellate_Term_2nd_Judicial_Department.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in Plaintiff's Opposition: 'Doe v. Jindal, No. 11-388, 2011 WL 3664490, at *3 (E.D. La. Aug. 19, 2011)' (Pl.'s Opp'n 12); the Court found it does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Advani 诉上诉期限", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。捏造：判例法|原告反对书中引用的不存在的案例：“Doe v. Jindal，No. 11-388, 2011 WL 3664490，at *3 (E.D. La. Aug. 19, 2011)”（Pl.'s Opp'n 12）；法院认为它不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 July 2025", "title": "J.D. v. Kern County DHS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Cal. CA. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | According to father, “Welfare and Institutions Code § 350(b) states, ‘Except where otherwise provided by this code, the procedures for the trials or hearings shall be in accordance with that prescribed by law for civil cases.’ ” Section 350, subdivision (b) does not s... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "J.D. 诉克恩县国土安全部", "description_zh": "律师出现在加州法院。加利福尼亚州。歪曲事实：法律规范|据父亲称，“《福利和机构法典》第 350(b) 条规定，‘除非本法典另有规定，审判或听证会的程序应符合民事案件法律规定的程序。’”第 350 条 (b) 款没有规定……结果：警告。", "court": "Cal. CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Rollins v. Premier Motorcar Gallery", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Warning (second).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗林斯诉Premier Motorcar Gallery", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Florida 出庭。捏造：判例法结果：警告（第二次）。", "court": "N.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning (second)", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Coronavirus Reporter Corporation v. Apple Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/637/Coronavirus_Reporter_v._Apple_USA_30_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Anti-SLAPP motion cited a non-existent case; court found Klein v. Cheung, 20 Cal. App. 5th 1045 (2018) does not exist. Outcome: Sanctioned to repay opposing party's counsel fees.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "冠状病毒报道公司诉苹果公司", "description_zh": "律师在加利福尼亚州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|反SLAPP动议引用了一个不存在的案例；法院判决 Klein 诉 Cheung，加州 20 号。应用程序。 5th 1045 (2018) 不存在。结果：被处以偿还对方律师费的处罚。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Sanctioned to repay opposing party's counsel fees", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Ligeri v. Amazon.com Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/636/Ligeri_v._Amazon_USA_30_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a C.D. Cal. case to oppose consolidation; the Court found the case does not exist and the Westlaw cite leads to a Florida state-court filing. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ligeri 诉 Amazon.com 服务", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一份 C.D.卡尔。反对合并的情况；法院认定此案不存在，韦斯特劳的引用导致佛罗里达州法院提起诉讼。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "Damilola Obembe v. Droisys, Inc.", "url": "/documents/776/Obembe_v._Droisys.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the OCAHO. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Complainant cited a non-existent regulation '28 C.F.R. § 68.18(e)'; the court found the regulation does not exist and treated the citation as fabricated. Outcome: Dismissal with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Damilola Obembe 诉 Droisys, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 OCAHO 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：法律规范|投诉人引用了一项不存在的法规“28 C.F.R.” § 68.18(e)'；法院认定该规定不存在，并将该传票视为捏造。结果：因偏见而被解雇。", "court": "OCAHO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Dismissal with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "Happiness Idehen & Felix Ogieva v. Gloria Stoute-Phillip", "url": "/documents/645/Idehen_v_Stoute-Phillip_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "description": "Lawyer used MS Copilot in proceedings before the N.Y. Civil Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Party said he wanted to cite \"Liggett v. Lew Realty.\" LaSalle\" Outcome: Monetary Sanction; referral to the Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "幸福·伊德恩和菲利克斯·奥吉瓦诉格洛丽亚·斯托特·菲利普", "description_zh": "律师在纽约民事法院的诉讼中使用了 MS Copilot。捏造：判例法|帕蒂说他想引用“Liggett v. Lew Realty”一案。拉萨尔”结果：经济制裁；移交律师协会。", "court": "N.Y. Civil Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "MS Copilot", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; referral to the Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "In re: Ryan Lashon Ford", "url": "/documents/660/Ryan_Lashon_Ford_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy). Fabricated: Legal Norm | \"When asked what law she would violate, the Debtor cited 11 U.S.C. § 541, 15 U.S.C. § 114, 17 U.S.C. §§ 504 and 505, 18 U.S.C. § 241, and the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Of course, there is no section 114 in title 15 of the United States Code.\" Outcome: Contempt findings (on this and other grounds).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：瑞安·拉尚·福特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在北卡罗来纳州 W.D. 破产案中出庭。捏造：法律规范| “当被问及她将违反哪条法律时，债务人援引了《美国法典》第 11 条第 541 条、《美国法典》第 15 条第 114 条、《美国法典》第 17 条第 504 条和第 505 条、《美国法典》第 18 条第 241 条以及《印度工艺美术法》。当然，《美国法典》第 15 章中没有第 114 条。”结果：藐视法庭的调查结果（基于此和其他理由）。", "court": "W.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Contempt findings (on this and other grounds)", "monetary_penalty": "11200 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 July 2025", "title": "Seither & Cherry Quad Cities v. Oakland Automation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/638/Seither__Cherry_Quad_v._Oakland_Automation_USA_28_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Michigan. False Quotes: Case Law Outcome: Order to pay opposing counsel's fees.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Seither & Cherry Quad Cities 诉奥克兰自动化公司", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。密歇根州。虚假引述：判例法结果：命令支付对方律师费用。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "1485 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 July 2025", "title": "Robbins v. Martin Law Firm, P.L.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/710/Robbins_v._Martin_USA_28_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the M.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent M.D. Fla. decision as Baker v. BDO Seidman, LLP; court notes plaintiff conceded the citation was incorrect and the real case was a non-binding N.D. Cal. decision not involving bankruptcy. Outcome: No monetary sanctions imposed; warning issued.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗宾斯诉马丁律师事务所，P.L.", "description_zh": "律师出现在佛罗里达州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了佛罗里达州医学博士 (M.D. Fla.) 一项不存在的判决：Baker v. BDO Seidman, LLP；法庭记录原告承认引文不正确，真实案件是一份不具约束力的 N.D. Cal.不涉及破产的决定。结果：不实施货币制裁；发出警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions imposed; warning issued", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "BioneX, LLC B-423630", "url": "https://www.gao.gov/assets/890/880406.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited GAO decisions that do not appear to exist to support HUBZone preference arguments. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BioneX, LLC B-423630", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了似乎不存在的 GAO 决定来支持 HUBZone 的偏好论点。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "Deleman v. HighLevel", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-pamd-3_25-cv-01284/pdf/USCOURTS-pamd-3_25-cv-01284-0.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德莱曼诉 HighLevel", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "Malone-Bey v. Lauderdale County School Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/639/Malone-Bey_v_Lauderdale_County_School_Board_USA_25_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Mississippi. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Fifth Circuit case to claim courts may disqualify counsel to 'preserve the integrity of the adversary process.' Court confirmed the case does not exist. Outcome: Plaintiff's motion denied; warning issued for future filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马龙-贝诉劳德代尔县教育局", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.密西西比州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的第五巡回法院案件，声称法院可能会取消律师资格，以“维护对抗程序的完整性”。法院确认该案不存在。结果：原告的动议被驳回；对未来的备案发出警告。", "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's motion denied; warning issued for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2025", "title": "Pop Top Corp. v. Rakuten Kobo", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-cand-4_20-cv-04482/pdf/USCOURTS-cand-4_20-cv-04482-6.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found that the cited case does not exist; SDNY ECF shows a different matter for the docket number and Westlaw search for the WL citation did not yield the titled case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Pop Top Corp. 诉 Rakuten Kobo", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加州北区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|法院认定所引案件不存在； SDNY ECF 的案卷编号显示了不同的情况，而 Westlaw 对 WL 引文的搜索并未得出标题案件。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Everett J. Prescott, Inc. v. Timothy J. Beall", "url": "/documents/640/Prescott_v._Beall_USA_24_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Maine. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's filings contained fictitious case citations; Court's order to show cause found filings replete with such fabrications. Outcome: The court imposed a requirement for future filings to include a written representation of citation accuracy..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Everett J. Prescott, Inc. 诉 Timothy J. Beall", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在缅因州的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|被告提交的文件包含虚构的案件引文；法院下令说明理由，发现文件中充满了此类捏造的内容。结果：法院要求未来提交的文件必须包含引用准确性的书面陈述。", "court": "Maine", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a requirement for future filings to include a written representation of citation accuracy.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Nunez v. American Airlines, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/723/Nunez_v._Am_Airlines_USA_24_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Doe v. Major Airline (2020)'; court confirmed the case does not exist and included it among fabricated authorities that warrant sanction. Outcome: Recom'tion to dismiss plaintiff's complaint with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "努涅斯诉美国航空公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例“Doe v. Major Airline (2020)”；法院确认该案件不存在，并将其列入应予制裁的捏造当局之中。结果：建议有偏见地驳回原告的申诉。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Recom'tion to dismiss plaintiff's complaint with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 July 2025", "title": "Taft v. Thomas et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/771/Taft_v._Thomas_USA_July_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Hawaii. Fabricated: Case Law | Several citations of law that do not exist", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塔夫脱诉托马斯等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Hawaii 出庭。捏造：判例法|多次引用不存在的法律", "court": "D. Hawaii", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Johnson v. Dunn", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/608/Butler-Snow-Order.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. Alabama. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to United States v. Baker, 539 F. App’x 937, 943 (11th Cir. 2013) as confirming broad discovery rights; court found the citation as styled does not exist and the volume/page cited corresponds to Williams v. Morahan, not Baker, and does not discuss discovery. Outcome: Public reprimand, disqualification from the case, and referral to the Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "约翰逊诉邓恩", "description_zh": "律师在阿拉巴马州北区法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|引用 United States v. Baker, 539 F. App’x 937, 943 (11th Cir. 2013) 确认广泛的发现权；法院发现该引文不存在，并且引用的卷/页对应于威廉姆斯诉莫拉汉案，而不是贝克案，并且没有讨论发现。结果：公开谴责、取消案件资格并移交律师协会。", "court": "N.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Public reprimand, disqualification from the case, and referral to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Karina Elizondo vs. City of Laredo", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/641/Elizondo_v._City_of_Laredo_USA_23_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s response included fictitious case citations; the Court found some citations were fabricated rather than real cases. Outcome: Monetary sanction; mandatory CLE in ethics/legal technology.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡琳娜·埃利松多 vs. 拉雷多市", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告的回应包括虚构的案例引用；法院发现一些传票是捏造的，而不是真实的案件。结果：经济制裁；道德/法律技术领域的强制性 CLE。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; mandatory CLE in ethics/legal technology", "monetary_penalty": "2500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "In Re CorMedix", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Judge used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D.C. New Jersey. Misrepresented: Case Law | \"The Opinion says: “ In Dang v. Amarin Corp. PLC , the court applied the core operations doctrine where executives made misleading statements about Vascepa, the company’s only product, while ignoring FDA Form 483s and audits identifying significant regulatory risks.” Op... Outcome: Opinion withdrawn by judge.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在 Re CorMedix 中", "description_zh": "法官在新泽西州华盛顿特区的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。歪曲事实：判例法| “意见书称：“在 Dang 诉 Amarin Corp. PLC 案中，法院适用了核心运营原则，高管们对该公司唯一的产品 Vascepa 做出了误导性陈述，同时忽视了 FDA 483 表格和识别重大监管风险的审计。”意见...结果：法官撤回意见。", "court": "D.C. New Jersey", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Opinion withdrawn by judge", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Vita Law Offices v. Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P.", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71064385/vita-law-offices-pc-v-lockridge-grindal-nauen-pllp/", "description": "Lawyer used Copilot in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. False Quotes: Case Law | \"Plaintiff states that “[d]iversity jurisdiction is a federal question, and Carden explicitly rejected state-law classifications, stating that ‘the relevant inquiry is not whether state law recognizes a particular individual as a partner, but rather whether that individua... Outcome: Order to undergo CLE.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Vita 律师事务所诉 Lockridge Grindal Nauen P.L.L.P.", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用了 Copilot。佛罗里达。虚假引述：判例法| “原告指出，“大学管辖权是一个联邦问题，卡登明确拒绝州法律分类，并指出‘相关调查不是州法律是否承认特定个人为伴侣，而是该个人是否……结果：命令接受 CLE。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "Order to undergo CLE", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Preventing Woke AI In The Federal Government", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/preventing-woke-ai-in-the-federal-government/", "description": "Directs federal agency heads to procure large language models (LLMs) that adhere to two principles: truth-seeking and ideological neutrality. Requires developers to not intentionally encode partisan or ideological judgments into an LLM’s outputs. Instructs the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance for implementation, acknowledging technical limitations and allowing exceptions for national security systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于防止联邦政府唤醒人工智能的行政命令", "description_zh": "指示联邦机构负责人采购遵循两个原则的大型语言模型（LLM）：寻求真相和意识形态中立。要求开发人员不得故意将党派或意识形态判断编码到法学硕士的输出中。指示管理和预算办公室发布实施指南，承认技术限制并允许国家安全系统例外。" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/accelerating-federal-permitting-of-data-center-infrastructure/", "description": "Facilitates AI infrastructure development by easing federal regulations, utilizing federal lands for data centers, and providing financial support for AI projects. Directs various agencies to expedite environmental reviews, permitting, and financial assistance for AI-related projects.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于加速数据中心基础设施联邦许可的行政命令", "description_zh": "通过放宽联邦法规、利用联邦土地建设数据中心以及为人工智能项目提供财政支持，促进人工智能基础设施的发展。指示各机构加快人工智能相关项目的环境审查、许可和财政援助。" }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/07/promoting-the-export-of-the-american-ai-technology-stack/", "description": "Establishes the American AI Exports Program to support the deployment of U.S. AI technologies. Requires the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with other officials, to evaluate proposals. Mobilizes federal financing tools to promote American AI exports globally.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于促进美国人工智能技术堆栈出口的行政命令", "description_zh": "建立美国人工智能出口计划，支持美国人工智能技术的部署。要求商务部长与其他官员协商评估提案。动员联邦融资工具促进美国人工智能在全球的出口。" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Victor Kholod v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/701/VICTOR_KHOLOD_Plaintiff_v_NATIONSTAR_MORTGAGE_LLC_dba_MR_COOPER_-_WELLS_FAR.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Pennsylvania. Fabricated: Case Law | According to Kholod, “PA Partnership Inc. v. XYZ Corp, 2020” “involved the wrongful withdrawal of funds from one company's account by another, resulting in\ncompensation to the aggrieved party.” Doc 1-2 at 4. We have been unable to locate any possible case that might fit the... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Victor Kholod 诉 Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在宾夕法尼亚州医学博士面前。捏造：判例法|根据 Kholod 的说法，“PA Partnership Inc. 诉 XYZ Corp，2020”“涉及一家公司从另一家公司的账户中错误提取资金，导致\n对受害方进行赔偿。” Doc 1-2 at 4。我们无法找到任何可能符合...结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "Zajradhara v. NMC", "url": "/documents/642/Northern_Marianas_College_v._Zajradhara_USA_22_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court, Northern Mariana Islands. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Estate of Tudela to emphasize procedural fairness; Court found the cited paragraph actually states pro se litigants are not excused from following rules. Outcome: Appeal dismissed with prejudice; declared vexatious litigant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zajradhara 诉 NMC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在北马里亚纳群岛最高法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人援引图德拉遗产案强调程序公平性；法院发现，所引用的段落实际上规定了自诉当事人不能免除遵守规则。结果：上诉被驳回；宣布无理取闹的诉讼当事人。", "court": "Supreme Court, Northern Mariana Islands", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed with prejudice; declared vexatious litigant", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 July 2025", "title": "In re Cao", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Texas CA. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在曹", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州 CA 出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Texas CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "McCarthy v. DEA", "url": "/documents/604/McCarthy_v._US_Mc24-2704-2025-07-21.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the 3rd Circuit CA. Misrepresented: Case Law | AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication cited to show a flagrant departure from past practice was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. Outcome: Relevant pleadings ignored; Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦卡锡诉美国缉毒局", "description_zh": "律师在加州第三巡回法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。歪曲事实：判例法|人工智能生成的 DEA 裁决摘要显示公然背离过去的做法，但该摘要是不准确的；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。结果：相关诉状被忽视；命令表明原因。", "court": "3rd Circuit CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Relevant pleadings ignored; Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "In re Boy", "url": "/documents/605/in_re_Boy_USA_July_21_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Illinois AC. Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in briefs; court verified no such docket or decision exists. Outcome: Attorney ordered to disgorge payment and pay monetary sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在男孩", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州仲裁委员会的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|案情摘要中引用的案例不存在；法院核实不存在此类案卷或决定。结果：律师被责令退还款项并支付金钱制裁。", "court": "Illinois AC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Attorney ordered to disgorge payment and pay monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "7925 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "21 July 2025", "title": "S2367 AI Accountability and Personal Data Protection Act 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/2367/text", "description": "Establishes liability for using individuals' data without express prior consent, including AI training. Permits private legal actions for violations. Invalidates predispute arbitration agreements for such claims. Requires transparent disclosure of third-party data use. Sets a federal minimum standard without preempting stronger state laws.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S2367 2025 年人工智能责任和个人数据保护法", "description_zh": "规定了未经事先明确同意而使用个人数据的责任，包括人工智能培训。允许针对违法行为采取私人法律行动。使此类索赔的争议前仲裁协议无效。要求透明披露第三方数据使用情况。设定联邦最低标准，而不取代更严格的州法律。" }, { "date": "20 July 2025", "title": "Jackson Federation of Teachers, et al. v. Lynn Fitch", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Judge used Perplexity in proceedings before the Mississippi. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | The TRO Order states that “[t]he Amended Complaint names the following\nPlaintiffs”: “Mississippi Association of Educators (MAE)”; “Dr. Daphne Chamberlain –\nfaculty member at Tougaloo College”; “Dr. Robert Luckett – faculty member at Jackson\nState Universit... Outcome: Judge withdrew the order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "杰克逊教师联合会等。诉林恩·菲奇", "description_zh": "法官在密西西比州的诉讼中使用了困惑。失实陈述：展品和提交材料 | TRO 命令指出，“修订后的投诉书列出了以下内容：\n原告”：“密西西比州教育工作者协会（MAE）”； “达芙妮·张伯伦博士——\n图加卢学院教员”； “罗伯特·卢克特博士 - 杰克逊学院教员\n州立大学... 结果：法官撤回命令。", "court": "Mississippi", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Perplexity", "outcome": "Judge withdrew the order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Flycatcher v. Affable Avenue (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/610/Flycatcher_v._Affable.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Response misattributed a quote to Mata; court found it appears nowhere in Mata and actually comes from a 2023 article by Christopher F. Lyon, with no attribution. Outcome: Decision on sanctions reserved.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Flycatcher 诉 Affable Avenue (1)", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。纽约。虚假引述：判例法|回应错误地将引用归咎于马塔；法院发现它在《Mata》中没有出现，实际上来自 Christopher F. Lyon 2023 年的一篇文章，没有注明出处。结果：保留制裁决定。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Decision on sanctions reserved", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "In re Marla C. Martin", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/07/19/any-lawyer-unaware-that-generative-ai-research-is-playing-with-fire-is-living-in-a-cloud/", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. Illinois (Bankruptcy). False Quotes: Case Law | In re Montoya, 341 B.R. 41 (Bankr. D. Utah 2006) exists, and the citation is correct. However, not only does the language quoted by counsel not appear anywhere in the court’s opinion, but the opinion does not address issues of standing at all. The opinion certainly does n... Outcome: Sanction of $5,500 and mandatory AI education.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于玛拉·C·马丁", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州北区破产案的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。虚假引述：判例法|关于蒙托亚，341 B.R. 41 (Bankr. D. Utah 2006) 存在，并且引用是正确的。然而，律师引用的语言不仅没有出现在法院意见中，而且该意见根本没有解决法律地位问题。该意见当然不... 结果： 5,500 美元的制裁和强制性人工智能教育。", "court": "N.D. Illinois (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Sanction of $5,500 and mandatory AI education", "monetary_penalty": "5500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Rescore Hollywood, LLC v. Samules", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Cal.. Outcome: Arguments ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rescore Hollywood, LLC 诉 Samules", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在加州法院。结果：论据被忽略。", "court": "Cal.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Baptiste v. Baez", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Cal. CA. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴蒂斯特诉贝兹", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在加州法院。加利福尼亚州。结果：警告。", "court": "Cal. CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 July 2025", "title": "Augustin v. Formula 3 Brooklyn Inc.", "url": "/documents/635/Augustin_v._Formula_3_Brooklyn_Inc._USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court, Kings County, NY. Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent 'Graziano v. County of Nassau' cited to support 'Discovery cannot resuscitate claims'; the citation 202 AD3d 707, 708 actually corresponds to People v Devore (a criminal case), and no Graziano case exists. Outcome: Defendants ordered to comply with AI rules; potential financial sanctions pending hearing..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥古斯丁诉布鲁克林三级方程式公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约州金斯县最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|引用不存在的“格拉齐亚诺诉拿骚县”来支持“发现不能恢复主张”；引文 202 AD3d 707, 708 实际上对应于 People v Devore（刑事案件），并且不存在 Graziano 案件。结果：被告被责令遵守人工智能规则；潜在的财务制裁正在等待听证会。", "court": "Supreme Court, Kings County, NY", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Defendants ordered to comply with AI rules; potential financial sanctions pending hearing.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 July 2025", "title": "Hatfield v. Ornelas", "url": "/documents/594/Hatfield_v_7Wnj8QP._Cesar_Ornelas_USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈特菲尔德诉奥内拉斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在之前的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：命令说明原因。", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 July 2025", "title": "ByoPlanet International v. Johansson and Gilstrap", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/985/ByoPlanet_International_v._Johansson_and_Gilstrap_USA_1_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated Scalia quote attributed to Liteky; court verified the quote does not appear in the opinion. Outcome: Cases dismissed without prejudice, attorney ordered to pay defendants' attorney fees, referred to Florida Bar..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ByoPlanet International 诉 Johansson 和 Gilstrap", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。佛罗里达。虚假引述：判例法|杜撰的 Scalia 引述归因于 Liteky；法院核实该引述并未出现在意见中。结果：案件在没有偏见的情况下被驳回，律师被责令支付被告律师费，提交给佛罗里达州律师协会。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Cases dismissed without prejudice, attorney ordered to pay defendants' attorney fees, referred to Florida Bar.", "monetary_penalty": "85567 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 July 2025", "title": "Woodrow Jackson v. Auto-Owners Insurance Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/593/JACKSON_v._AUTO_OWNERS_INSURANCE_COMPANY_USA_14_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 1 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. Outcome: Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伍德罗·杰克逊诉汽车所有者保险公司案", "description_zh": "律师在乔治亚州医学博士的诉讼中使用了身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|原告 MTD 答复中 9 条不存在的案例引用 1；法院和对方律师都无法找到它；法院认为这是一起幻觉案件。结果：经济制裁； CLE要求；不利成本令。", "court": "M.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "Kessler v. City of Atwater", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/591/Kessler_v._Atwater_USA_11_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Gonzalez v. County of Los Angeles; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. Outcome: Order to show cause issued for potential sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "凯斯勒诉阿特沃特市", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|引用不存在的案例：冈萨雷斯诉洛杉矶县；法院发现此类案件不存在，而且似乎完全是捏造的。结果：发出命令，说明可能实施制裁的原因。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause issued for potential sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "In re Marriage of Haibt", "url": "/documents/646/2025-24ca1113.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Colorado CA. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于海卜特的婚姻", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州 CA 出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Colorado CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "in re: Turner", "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/files/Iowa_Supreme_Court_v._Royce_D_Turner_motion_to_strike_.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Iowa Attorney Disciplinary Board. Fabricated: Case Law | One \"imaginary case\" cited in several filings. Outcome: Motion stricken.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "回复：特纳", "description_zh": "律师出现在爱荷华州检察官纪律委员会面前。捏造：判例法|几份文件中引用了一个“虚构案例”。结果：运动障碍。", "court": "Iowa Attorney Disciplinary Board", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Foster Chambers v. Village of Oak Park", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the 7the Circuit CA. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "福斯特钱伯斯诉奥克帕克村案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在第 7 巡回上诉法院出庭。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "7the Circuit CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Gurpreet Kaur v. Captain Joel Desso", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/581/Kaur_v._Desso_NDNY_9_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Claude Sonnet 4 in proceedings before the N.D. New York. False Quotes: Case Law | Brief claimed Thuraissigiam included a sentence limiting its holding and the quoted line; court confirmed the quote is nowhere in the decision. Outcome: Monetary and professional sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "古普雷特·考尔 v. 乔尔·德索队长", "description_zh": "律师在 N.D. New York 的诉讼中使用了 Claude Sonnet 4。虚假引述：判例法| Brief 声称《Thuraissigiam》中包含了限制其持有的句子以及所引用的内容；法院确认判决中没有引用这句话。结果：金钱和职业制裁。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude Sonnet 4", "outcome": "Monetary and professional sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Coomer v. Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/566/Coomer_v._Lindell_USA_7_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Co-Pilot, Westlaw’s AI, Gemini, Grok, Claude, ChatGPT, Perplexity in proceedings before the D. Colorado. False Quotes: Case Law | Opposition falsely quotes Pure as stating 'reputation and character are inextricably intertwined'; court found the quote does not appear. Outcome: Monetary Sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库默诉 Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (1)", "description_zh": "律师在科罗拉多州法院的诉讼中使用了 Co-Pilot、Westlaw 的 AI、Gemini、Grok、Claude、ChatGPT、Perplexity。虚假引述：判例法|反对派错误地引用 Pure 的说法，称“声誉和品格是密不可分的”；法院发现该引述并未出现。结果：货币制裁。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Co-Pilot, Westlaw’s AI, Gemini, Grok, Claude, ChatGPT, Perplexity", "outcome": "Monetary Sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "In re Eugene Ezra Perkins", "url": "/documents/1784/In_re_perkins.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Oregon (Bankruptcy). Misrepresented: Case Law | Debtor described Walters as allowing amendment to retroactively change initial plan payments; court found Walters does not support that claim and was decided before BAPCPA. Outcome: Case dismissed; motion to alter or amend denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于尤金·埃兹拉·帕金斯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄勒冈州法院（破产）的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。歪曲事实：判例法|债务人称沃尔特斯允许修改追溯性地改变初始计划付款；法院认为 Walters 不支持该主张，并由 BAPCPA 做出裁决。结果：案件被驳回；变更或修改动议被拒绝。", "court": "D. Oregon (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case dismissed; motion to alter or amend denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Smith v. Gamble", "url": "/documents/575/Smith_v._Gamble_USA_7_July_2025.PDF", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ohio CA. Outcome: Sanctions granted against Father (TBD).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史密斯诉甘布尔案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在俄亥俄州加州法院出庭。结果：对父亲实施制裁（待定）。", "court": "Ohio CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Sanctions granted against Father (TBD)", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Wright Brothers Aero, Inc. B-423326.2", "url": "https://www.gao.gov/assets/880/879809.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the GAO. Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a non-existent GAO decision to support timeliness; when GAO requested a copy, the protester admitted it was AI-generated and not a published decision; GAO cautioned about AI use. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莱特兄弟航空有限公司 B-423326.2", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 GAO 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法|抗议者援引了一项不存在的政府问责局决定来支持及时性；当政府问责局要求提供副本时，抗议者承认这是人工智能生成的，而不是已发布的决定； GAO 对人工智能的使用提出了警告。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 50404 (\"Transformational artificial intelligence models\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Mobilizes National Laboratories to partner with industry for structuring Department of Energy's data for AI and machine learning models. Provides models via American science cloud to aid microelectronics and new energy technologies development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 年一大美丽法案法案》第 50404 条（“变革性人工智能模型”）", "description_zh": "动员国家实验室与业界合作，为人工智能和机器学习模型构建能源部的数据。通过美国科学云提供模型，助力微电子和新能源技术发展。" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 71401 (\"Rural health transformation program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Establishes a Rural Health Transformation Program, allocating funds for states to utilize emerging technologies like AI and robotics in rural healthcare. Encourages innovative models of care and prioritizes technology-driven solutions for improved care delivery and management.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 71401 条（“农村卫生转型计划”）", "description_zh": "制定农村健康转型计划，为各州分配资金，以便在农村医疗保健中利用人工智能和机器人等新兴技术。鼓励创新护理模式，并优先考虑技术驱动的解决方案，以改善护理服务和管理。" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20010 (\"Enhancement of Department of Defense resources for improving the readiness of the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Allocates $92,500,000 for completing Robotic Combat Vehicle prototyping, suggesting a focus on advancing AI-enabled military technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项伟大的美丽法案法案，第 20010 条（“增强国防部资源以提高国防部的战备状态”）", "description_zh": "拨款 92,500,000 美元用于完成机器人战车原型设计，表明重点关注推进人工智能军事技术。" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 40005 (\"Mars missions, Artemis missions, and Moon to Mars program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Obligates $700 million by 2026 to procure a Mars telecommunications orbiter with autonomous operations and onboard processing, delivering by 2028", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽的法案法案，第 40005 条（“火星任务、阿耳忒弥斯任务和月球到火星计划”）", "description_zh": "到 2026 年斥资 7 亿美元采购具有自主操作和机载处理功能的火星电信轨道飞行器，并于 2028 年交付" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 90004 (\"Border security, technology, and screening\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $6.168 billion for AI and innovative technologies in border security, including inspection and surveillance upgrades. Restricts funds from untested autonomous surveillance towers. Defines \"autonomous\" as systems using AI and algorithms for real-time detection and operational adjustments.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 90004 条（“边境安全、技术和筛查”）", "description_zh": "拨款 61.68 亿美元用于边境安全领域的人工智能和创新技术，包括检查和监视升级。限制来自未经测试的自主监视塔的资金。将“自主”定义为使用人工智能和算法进行实时检测和操作调整的系统。" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 40001 (\"Coast Guard mission readiness\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $75 million for the Coast Guard to contract, acquire, or procure autonomous maritime systems, enhancing AI and automated capabilities for maritime operations. Specifies funding to improve maritime domain awareness and upgrade technology infrastructure supporting AI-driven systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 40001 条（“海岸警卫队任务准备”）", "description_zh": "拨款 7500 万美元，供海岸警卫队承包、采购或采购自主海事系统，增强海事行动的人工智能和自动化能力。指定资金用于提高海域意识和升级支持人工智能驱动系统的技术基础设施。" }, { "date": "04 July 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20008 (\"Enhancement of resources for nuclear forces\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $115,000,000 to the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) for fiscal year 2025, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to remain available until September 30, 2029, to accelerate nuclear national security missions through artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽的法案法案第 20008 条（“增强核力量资源”）", "description_zh": "从财政部未拨款的任何资金中，向 2025 财年国家核安全管理局 (NNSA) 拨款 1.15 亿美元，该资金保留至 2029 年 9 月 30 日，以通过人工智能加速核国家安全任务。" }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Matter of Sewell Properties Trust", "url": "/documents/556/Lehr-Guthrie_v._Sewell_USA_3_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Colorado Court of Appeals. Misrepresented: Case Law | McDonald cited In re Estate of McCreath to claim the trustee’s duty of impartiality cannot be overridden by trust terms; the court noted the case does not address that duty and does not support the proposition. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "休厄尔地产信托事务", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州上诉法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|麦克唐纳在麦克雷思遗产案中引用了该案，声称受托人的公正性义务不能被信托条款推翻；法院指出，该案没有涉及这一义务，也不支持这一主张。结果：警告。", "court": "Colorado Court of Appeals", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Tyrone Walker v. Juliane Pierre", "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ma-court-of-appeals/117451936.html", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Massachusetts CA. Outcome: Struck from the record.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰隆·沃克诉朱莉安·皮埃尔", "description_zh": "律师在马萨诸塞州加州法院出庭。结果：从记录中删除。", "court": "Massachusetts CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck from the record", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Muhammad v. Gap Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/700/Muhammad_v_Gap_Inc.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. Ohio. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited as controlling authority a non-existent S.D. Ohio case. Outcome: OSC.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "穆罕默德诉 Gap 公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。俄亥俄州。捏造：判例法|原告称控制机构为不存在的 S.D.俄亥俄州案例。结果：OSC。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "OSC", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Sharita Hill v. State of Oklahoma", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/555/SHARITA_HILL_v_OKLAHOMA_USA_3_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited nonexistent cases; the Court reviewed and agreed they do not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莎丽塔希尔诉俄克拉荷马州", "description_zh": "律师出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告的答复中引用了不存在的案例；法院审查并同意它们不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Angela and Theodore Chagnon v. Holly Nelson", "url": "/documents/563/Chagnon_v._Nelson_USA_2_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Chancery Court of Wyoming. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Finch v. Smith as authority; the court found it is not a real case, indicating AI-fabricated precedent. Outcome: Order to show cause issued; potential striking of motion.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安吉拉·查格农 (Angela Chagnon) 和西奥多·查格农 (Theodore Chagnon) 诉霍莉·尼尔森 (Holly Nelson)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在怀俄明州衡平法院出庭。捏造：判例法|被告援引芬奇诉史密斯案作为权威；法院认定这不是真实案件，说明这是人工智能捏造的先例。结果：发出说明原因的命令；潜在的运动冲击。", "court": "Chancery Court of Wyoming", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause issued; potential striking of motion", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "Doe v. Noem", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D.C. DC. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部诉诺姆案", "description_zh": "律师在华盛顿特区的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Crespo v. Tesla, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/557/Crespo_v._Tesla_USA_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Perez v. Miami-Dade Cnty., 297 F.R.D. 620, 625 (S.D. Fla. 2013) in DEs 61, 63, 78, 79, 80; the Court found this case appears nonexistent. Outcome: Plaintiff required to apologize and pay attorney's fees.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克雷斯波诉特斯拉公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告引用了佩雷斯诉迈阿密戴德县案，297 F.R.D. DE 61、63、78、79、80 中的 620、625（S.D. Fla. 2013）；法院认为此案似乎不存在。结果：原告被要求道歉并支付律师费。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff required to apologize and pay attorney's fees", "monetary_penalty": "921 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Benjamin Gamble v. Ho-Chunk Nation Election Board", "url": "/documents/833/Ho_Chunk_CV-25-08-ORDER-1.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Ho-Chunk Nation Trial Court. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited 'Ch. I §2.4' as part of supporting Election Code authority; court found this provision does not exist and the citation could not be located.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "本杰明·甘布尔诉 Ho-Chunk 国家选举委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 Ho-Chunk Nation 初审法院出庭。捏造：法律规范|原告引用了“Ch. I §2.4' 作为支持《选举法》权威的一部分；法院认为该规定不存在，并且无法找到该引文。", "court": "Ho-Chunk Nation Trial Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Shahid v. Esaam", "url": "/documents/530/Shahid_v._Esaam_Georgia_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer; Judge used Unidentified in proceedings before the Georgia CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Trial court's order relied on a fictitious case labeled 'Epps'; appellate court could not locate it and vacated the order. Outcome: Case remanded; monetary penalty.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沙希德诉伊萨姆", "description_zh": "律师;法官在佐治亚州上诉法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|初审法院的命令依据的是一个标有“Epps”的虚构案件；上诉法院无法找到它并撤销了该命令。结果：案件发回重审；罚款。", "court": "Georgia CA", "party": "Lawyer; Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case remanded; monetary penalty", "monetary_penalty": "2500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Assessment and Training Solutions Consulting B-423398", "url": "https://www.gao.gov/assets/880/879626.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the GAO. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "评估和培训解决方案咨询 B-423398", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 GAO 面前。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Sister City Logistics, Inc. v. John Fitzgerald", "url": "/documents/559/Sister_City_Logistics_Inc._v._Fitzgerald_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's original pro se motion to remand cited non-existent cases; the Court states it is 'littered with non-existent case law' and notes Defendant's table documenting fictitious citations (Doc. 14 at 5-6). Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "姐妹城市物流公司诉约翰·菲茨杰拉德", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在美国佐治亚州南区地方法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告最初提出的发回重审的自诉动议引用了不存在的案件；法院称其“充斥着不存在的判例法”，并指出被告的表格记录了虚构的引文（Doc. 14 at 5-6）。结果：警告。", "court": "United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Parra v. United States", "url": "/documents/558/Parra_v._USA_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Court of Federal Claims. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case, which the Court traced to a page within Grapevine Imports, Ltd. v. United States, 71 Fed. Cl. 324, 326 (2006); the Court confirmed no such 'Tucker v. United States' exists. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "帕拉诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在联邦索赔法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件，法院追溯到 Grapevine Imports, Ltd. v. United States, 71 Fed 中的一页。克莱。 324、326（2006）；法院确认不存在这样的“塔克诉美国”案。结果：警告。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Twist It Up, Inc. v. Annie International, Inc.", "url": "/documents/775/Twist_it_Up_v._Annie_International.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the United States District Court, Central District of California. Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to \"Lewis v. CCPOA, 2009 WL 890585, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2009)\" does not match the cited court/date/Westlaw identifier; court notes a different Lewis decision exists with a different Westlaw ID and date. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Twist It Up, Inc. 诉 Annie International, Inc.", "description_zh": "律师在美国加利福尼亚州中区地方法院出庭。捏造：判例法|引用“Lewis v. CCPOA, 2009 WL 890585，at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2009)”与引用的法院/日期/Westlaw 标识符不匹配；法院指出，存在不同的刘易斯判决，具有不同的 Westlaw ID 和日期。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "United States District Court, Central District of California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Dastou v. Holmes", "url": "/documents/585/Dastou_v._Holmes.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Massachusetts. Outcome: CLE Course obligation; endorsement of decision not to bill client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "达斯托诉霍姆斯", "description_zh": "律师在马萨诸塞州的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。结果：CLE 课程义务；批准不向客户开具账单的决定。", "court": "Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "CLE Course obligation; endorsement of decision not to bill client", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Romero v. Goldman Sachs Bank USA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/587/Romero_v._Goldman_Sachs_Bank_USA_USA_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D.N.Y.. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to In re Motors Liquidation Co. that the opinion does not contain. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗梅罗诉美国高盛银行", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D.N.Y. 出庭。 虚假引述：判例法 |原告引用了 In re Motors Liquidation Co. 的报价，但意见中并未包含该报价。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D.N.Y.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Schoene v. Oregon Department of Human Services", "url": "/documents/560/Schoene_v._Oregon_DHS_USA_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the United States District Court for the District of Oregon. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Butler v. Oregon, which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Schoene 诉俄勒冈州人类服务部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在美国俄勒冈州地区法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告援引了巴特勒诉俄勒冈州案，法院称该案不存在，并确定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。结果：警告。", "court": "United States District Court for the District of Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "Iskenderian v. Southeastern", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Hawai'i. Outcome: N/A.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊斯肯德里亚诉东南大学", "description_zh": "律师出现在夏威夷人面前。结果：不适用。", "court": "Hawai'i", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "Mintvest Capital, LTD v. NYDIG Trust Company, et al.", "url": "/documents/561/Mintvest_Capital_LTD_v._NYDIG_Trust_Company_et_al_USA_23_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Claude in proceedings before the D.C. Puerto Rico. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case; 394 F. Supp. 2d 393 points to a different case (Díaz Rodríguez v. Torres Mártir, 394 F. Supp. 2d 389). Counsel admitted AI use. Outcome: Order to pay opposing counsel's fees.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Mintvest Capital, LTD 诉 NYDIG Trust Company 等。", "description_zh": "律师在波多黎各特区的诉讼中使用了克劳德。捏造：判例法|不存在的情况； 394 F. 补充材料。 2d 393 指向另一个案件（Díaz Rodríguez v. Torres Mártir, 394 F. Supp. 2d 389）。律师承认人工智能的使用。结果：命令支付对方律师费用。", "court": "D.C. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Reilly v. Conn. Interlocal Risk Mgmt. Agency", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-ctd-3_25-cv-00640/pdf/USCOURTS-ctd-3_25-cv-00640-0.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Connecticut. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Gideon v. Wainwright as stating, \"[c]onstitutional rights would be of little value if they could be indirectly denied,\" but the court found this quote does not appear in Gideon on the cited page or anywhere; a similar statement appears in Smith v. Allwright. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "赖利诉康涅狄格州地方间风险管理案。机构", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州联邦法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了吉迪恩诉温赖特案中的说法，“如果可以间接否认宪法权利，那么它们就没有什么价值”，但法院发现这句话并未出现在吉迪恩的引用页面或任何地方；类似的陈述出现在史密斯诉奥尔赖特案中。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 June 2025", "title": "In re Marriage of Isom and Kareem", "url": "/documents/578/In_re_Isom_USA_16_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Illinois CA. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Marriage of Zells with an incorrect citation and for a proposition the case does not assert; court noted the correct citation is 143 Ill. 2d 251 (1991) and rejected the stated proposition. Outcome: The appeal was denied, and the trial court's decision was affirmed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于伊索姆和卡里姆的婚姻", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州加州法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人在《泽尔斯的婚姻》一案中引用了错误的引文，并且提出了本案未主张的命题；法院指出正确的引文是 143 Ill. 2d 251 (1991)，并驳回了所陈述的主张。结果：驳回上诉，维持一审法院的判决。", "court": "Illinois CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "The appeal was denied, and the trial court's decision was affirmed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 June 2025", "title": "Taylor v. Cooper Power & Lighting Corp.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D.N.Y.. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泰勒诉库珀电力与照明公司", "description_zh": "律师出现在 E.D.N.Y. 结果：警告。", "court": "E.D.N.Y.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2025", "title": "Rochon Eidsvig & Rochon Hafer v. JGB Collateral", "url": "/documents/482/Rochon_Eidsvig__Rochon_Hafer_v._JGB_Collateral_Texas_CA_12_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Texas CA. Fabricated: Case Law | First of four non-existent case citations in Appellants’ May 16, 2024 brief; Appellee and the Court could not locate it; counsel later conceded nonexistence and the section was deleted in the amended brief. Outcome: 8 mandatory hours of Continuous Legal Education on ethics and AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rochon Eidsvig 和 Rochon Hafer 诉 JGB 抵押品", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|上诉人 2024 年 5 月 16 日的摘要中引用了四个不存在的案例中的第一个；被上诉人和法院无法找到它；律师后来承认不存在，该部分在修订案情摘要中被删除。结果：8 小时关于道德和人工智能的强制性持续法律教育。", "court": "Texas CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "8 mandatory hours of Continuous Legal Education on ethics and AI", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 June 2025", "title": "Advanced AI Security Readiness Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3919/text", "description": "Directs the NSA Director to develop an AI Security Playbook to identify vulnerabilities in AI technologies and create strategies to respond to cyber threats, informed by expert engagement and government security involvement. Mandates progress reports to congressional committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高级人工智能安全准备法案", "description_zh": "指示美国国家安全局局长制定人工智能安全手册，以识别人工智能技术中的漏洞，并根据专家参与和政府安全参与制定应对网络威胁的策略。授权向国会委员会提交进度报告。" }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "Reed v. Community Health Care", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "里德诉社区医疗保健", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "Goins v. Father Flanagan's Boys Home", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nebraska. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "戈因斯诉弗拉纳根神父男孩之家案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内布拉斯加州法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nebraska", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Powhatan County School Board v. Skinger et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/473/Powhatan_County_School_Board_v._Skinger_et_al_E.D._Virginia_USA_2_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the E.D. Virginia. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited T.A. v. McKinney Independent School District, 861 F.2d 655 (5th Cir. 1988), but that reporter cite corresponds to Jones v. Otis Elevator Co., 861 F.2d 655 (11th Cir. 1988), unrelated. Outcome: Relevant motions stricken.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "波瓦坦县学校董事会诉斯金格等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。弗吉尼亚。歪曲事实：判例法|引用 T.A. v. McKinney Independent School District, 861 F.2d 655 (5th Cir. 1988)，但该记者引用​​的内容对应于 Jones v. Otis Elevator Co., 861 F.2d 655 (11th Cir. 1988)，无关。结果：相关动议获得通过。", "court": "E.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Relevant motions stricken", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Andersen v. Olympus as Daybreak", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/utah/utdce/2:2025cv00178/154869/20/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Utah. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安徒生诉奥林巴斯 饰 Daybreak", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在犹他州 D. 法庭上。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 May 2025", "title": "Anita Krishnakumar et al. v. Eichler Swim and Tennis Club", "url": "/documents/476/Anita_Krishnakumar_et_al._v._Eichler_Swim_and_Tennis_Club_CA_SC_USA_29_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's opposition cites a nonexistent case, 'Ortiz v. Ford Motor Co. (2020) 50 Cal.App.5th 665'; court could not locate it and noted the citation corresponds to an unrelated costs case. Outcome: Argument lost on the merits in tentative ruling.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安妮塔·克里希纳库玛等人。 v. 艾希勒游泳和网球俱乐部", "description_zh": "律师在 CA SC 出庭。捏造：判例法|被告的反对意见引用了一个不存在的案件，“Ortiz v. Ford Motor Co. (2020) 50 Cal.App.5th 665”；法院无法找到它，并指出该传票对应于一个不相关的费用案件。结果：暂定裁决中关于案情实质的争论败诉。", "court": "CA SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument lost on the merits in tentative ruling", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 May 2025", "title": "Delano Crossing v. County of Wright", "url": "/documents/459/Delano_Crossing_2016_v._County_of_Wright_Minnesota_Tax_Court_29_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Minnesotta Tax Court. Fabricated: Case Law | County's summary judgment brief contained five AI-generated case citations that do not correspond to any actual judicial decisions; the court found them fake and inherently misleading under Rule 11. Outcome: Breach of Rule 11, but no monetary sanction warranted; referred counsel to Lawyers Professional Responsibility Board.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德拉诺克罗辛诉赖特县案", "description_zh": "律师在明尼苏达州税务法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|县的简易判决摘要包含五个人工智能生成的案例引文，与任何实际的司法判决不符；法院根据第 11 条规则认定这些内容是虚假的，并且具有本质上的误导性。结果：违反第 11 条规则，但无需受到金钱制裁；将律师转介给律师职业责任委员会。", "court": "Minnesotta Tax Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Breach of Rule 11, but no monetary sanction warranted; referred counsel to Lawyers Professional Responsibility Board", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "28 May 2025", "title": "Mid Cent. Operating Eng'rs Health v. Hoosiervac", "url": "/documents/453/Mid_Cent._Operating_Engrs_Health_v._Hoosiervac_S.D._Indiana_USA_May_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Ind.. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief at docket 39 contained citations to non-existent cases; the magistrate judge could not locate them and Rule 11 violation was admitted. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中分。运营工程师健康诉 Hoosiervac", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。工业..捏造：判例法|案卷 39 的简报引用了不存在的案例；治安法官无法找到他们，承认违反了第 11 条规则。结果：金钱制裁。", "court": "S.D. Ind.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "Brick v. Gallatin County", "url": "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/montana/mtdce/2:2024cv00174/78773/137", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Montana. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布里克诉加勒廷县案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在蒙大拿州联邦法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Montana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Luther v. Oklahoma DHS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "路德诉俄克拉荷马州国土安全部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Rotonde v. Stewart Title Insurance Company", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/other-courts/2025/2025-ny-slip-op-50862-u.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the New York. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rotonde 诉斯图尔特产权保险公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在纽约。结果：警告。", "court": "New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Concord v. Anthropic", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/05/26/judge-strikes-part-of-anthropic-claude-ai-experts-declaration-because-of-uncaught-ai-hallucination-in-part-of-citation/", "description": "Expert used Claude.ai in proceedings before the N.D. California. Outcome: Part of brief was struck; court took it into account as a matter of expert credibility.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "康科德诉人类案", "description_zh": "专家在加州 N.D. 的诉讼中使用了 Claude.ai。结果：部分简报被敲定；法院将其视为专家可信度问题。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Claude.ai", "outcome": "Part of brief was struck; court took it into account as a matter of expert credibility", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "Garner v. Kadince", "url": "/documents/397/Garner_v._Kadince_UT_AC_USA_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Utah C.A.. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated appellate case cited in the Petition; opposing counsel showed it appears only in ChatGPT and not in any legal database, and the court sanctioned counsel for relying on fake precedent.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加纳诉卡丁斯案", "description_zh": "律师在犹他州 C.A. 的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法 |请愿书中引用的捏造上诉案件；对方律师表明该信息仅出现在 ChatGPT 中，而不出现在任何法律数据库中，法院因律师依赖虚假先例而制裁了律师。", "court": "Utah C.A.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "Zherka v. Davey et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Massachusetts. Outcome: Motion struck, with leave to refile.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Zherka 诉 Davey 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在马萨诸塞州的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：动议通过，允许重新提交。", "court": "Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion struck, with leave to refile", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 May 2025", "title": "Evans et al v. Robertson et al (1)", "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-mied-5_24-cv-13435/pdf/USCOURTS-mied-5_24-cv-13435-6.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Doe cited a nonexistent case, asserting it held that a limited special appearance to challenge a subpoena does not constitute general appearance or jurisdictional consent; the Court found no such case exists and the WL citation corresponds to an unrelated Tenth Circuit deci... Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "埃文斯等人诉罗伯逊等人 (1)", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|美国能源部引用了一个不存在的案例，声称其认为对传票提出质疑的有限特别出庭并不构成一般出庭或司法管辖权同意；法院发现不存在此类案件，并且 WL 传票对应于无关的第十巡回法院判决...结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Versant Funding v. Teras Breakbulk Ocean Navigation Enterprises", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/373/Versan_Funding_v._Teras_Breakbulk_S.D._Florida_USA_May_20_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Defense cited a non-existent case to argue privilege assignments must be clear and unmistakable; Plaintiff could not find it on Westlaw/Lexis, the Court also could not locate it, and defense later withdrew and admitted AI use. Outcome: Joint and several liability for Plaintiff’s attorneys' fees and costs incurred in addressing the hallucinated citation; CLE requirement on AI ethics; Monetary fines.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Versant Funding 诉 Teras Breakbulk Ocean Navigation Enterprises", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|辩方引用了一个不存在的案例来论证特权分配必须清晰无误；原告在 Westlaw/Lexis 上找不到它，法院也找不到它，辩方后来撤回并承认人工智能的使用。结果：对原告的律师费和处理幻觉引文所产生的费用承担连带责任； CLE 对人工智能伦理的要求；罚款。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Joint and several liability for Plaintiff’s attorneys' fees and costs incurred in addressing the hallucinated citation; CLE requirement on AI ethics; Monetary fines", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Bauche v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the US Tax Court. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Bauche 诉国税局局长", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在美国税务法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "US Tax Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20006 (\"Enhancement of Department of Defense resources for improving the efficiency and cybersecurity of the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $200 million to deploy automation and AI for accelerating Department of Defense financial audits as per chapter 9A and section 2222 of title 10, United States Code, until September 30, 2029.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 年一项伟大的美丽法案法案》第 20006 条（“增强国防部资源以提高国防部的效率和网络安全”）", "description_zh": "拨款 2 亿美元用于部署自动化和人工智能，以根据《美国法典》第 9A 章和第 10 章第 2222 节加速国防部财务审计，直至 2029 年 9 月 30 日。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 100001 (\"Coast guard assets necessary to secure the maritime border and interdict migrants and drugs\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Allocates $140 million for long-range unmanned aircraft systems and $75 million for autonomous maritime systems services. Allows procurement of Arctic Security Cutters by entities other than the Coast Guard. Requires compliance with reporting requirements and advance notification of cost changes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 100001 条（“确保海上边界安全和拦截移民和毒品所需的海岸警卫队资产”）", "description_zh": "拨款 1.4 亿美元用于远程无人机系统，7500 万美元用于自主海事系统服务。允许海岸警卫队以外的实体采购北极安全巡逻艇。需要遵守报告要求并提前通知成本变更。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 112204 (\"Implementing artificial intelligence tools for purposes of reducing and recouping improper payments under Medicare\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Implements AI tools by 2027 to reduce and identify improper payments in Medicare Parts A and B. Contracts with AI vendors. Recoups identified payments. Reports annually to Congress starting 2029. Allocates $25 million from federal trust funds for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 年一大美丽法案法案》第 112204 条（“实施人工智能工具以减少和收回医疗保险下的不当付款”）", "description_zh": "到 2027 年实施人工智能工具，以减少和识别医疗保险 A 部分和 B 部分中的不当付款。与人工智能供应商签订的合同。收回已确定的付款。从 2029 年开始每年向国会报告。从联邦信托基金中拨款 2500 万美元用于实施。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20004 (\"Enhancement of Department of Defense resources for munitions and defense supply chain resiliency\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Allocates $400 million to accelerate AI-powered unmanned aerial systems and expands the related industrial base. Adds $500 million to advance counter-unmanned aerial systems, including non-kinetic and ship-based programs, emphasizing AI-enabled defense capabilities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 20004 条（“增强国防部军需资源和国防供应链弹性”）", "description_zh": "拨款 4 亿美元加速人工智能驱动的无人机系统并扩大相关产业基础。增加 5 亿美元用于推进反无人机系统，包括非动能和舰载项目，强调人工智能的防御能力。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 60003 (\"U.S. Customs and Border Protection technology, vetting activities, and other efforts to enhance border security\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $1.076 billion for AI and machine learning to enhance non-intrusive inspection equipment and combat narcotics entry. Restricts funds for untested autonomous surveillance towers. Defines \"autonomous\" systems as AI-integrated tools identifying items of interest.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽法案，第 60003 条（“美国海关和边境保护局技术、审查活动以及其他加强边境安全的努力”）", "description_zh": "拨款 10.76 亿美元用于人工智能和机器学习，以增强非侵入式检查设备和打击毒品入境。限制用于未经测试的自主监视塔的资金。将“自主”系统定义为识别感兴趣项目的人工智能集成工具。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 43201 (\"Artificial intelligence and information technology modernization initiative\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $500 million to the Department of Commerce for AI-driven system modernization and cybersecurity improvements for Federal information technology systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 年一大美丽法案法案》第 43201 条（“人工智能和信息技术现代化倡议”）", "description_zh": "向商务部拨款 5 亿美元，用于联邦信息技术系统的人工智能驱动系统现代化和网络安全改进。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20005 (\"Enhancement of Department of Defense resources for scaling low-cost weapons into production\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $1.7 billion for AI-related advancements, including $145 million for AI in attack systems, $124 million for AI capabilities improvement at the Test Resource Management Center, $250 million for AI ecosystem advancement, and $250 million for expanding Cyber Command's AI efforts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽的法案法案第 20005 条（“增强国防部资源以扩大低成本武器的生产规模”）", "description_zh": "拨款17亿美元用于人工智能相关的进步，其中1.45亿美元用于攻击系统中的人工智能，1.24亿美元用于测试资源管理中心的人工智能能力改进，2.5亿美元用于人工智能生态系统的进步，以及2.5亿美元用于扩大网络司令部的人工智能工作。" }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 20002 (\"Enhancement of Department of Defense resources for shipbuilding\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text", "description": "Appropriates $450 million for autonomy and AI in naval shipbuilding. Allocates $188.36 million for maritime robotic autonomous systems development and testing. Dedicates $174 million for a robotic autonomous systems proving ground. Provides $250 million for wave-powered unmanned underwater vehicles integration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Governance development", "Applications: Transportation", "Applications: Security", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年一项美丽的法案法案第 20002 条（“增强国防部造船资源”）", "description_zh": "拨款 4.5 亿美元用于海军造船的自主化和人工智能。拨款 1.8836 亿美元用于海上机器人自主系统的开发和测试。投入 1.74 亿美元用于机器人自主系统试验场。提供 2.5 亿美元用于波浪动力无人水下航行器集成。" }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "Gjovik v. Apple Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/696/Gjovik_v_Apple_Inc.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the N.D. California. Outcome: No sanctions imposed, but warning issued.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乔维克诉苹果公司案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在加利福尼亚州北区法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。结果：未实施制裁，但发出警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanctions imposed, but warning issued", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "TAKE IT DOWN Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/146/text?s=4&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22take+it+down%22%7D", "description": "Prohibits the use of AI to create or distribute nonconsensual digital forgeries, establishes criminal penalties and civil remedies, and criminalizes related threats. Requires platforms to establish procedures for removal requests of nonconsensual intimate images, and assigns enforcement authority to the Federal Trade Commission. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拆除法案", "description_zh": "禁止使用人工智能创建或传播未经同意的数字伪造品，制定刑事处罚和民事补救措施，并将相关威胁定为刑事犯罪。要求平台制定删除未经同意的亲密图像请求的程序，并将执行权分配给联邦贸易委员会。" }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "Beenshoof v. Chin", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/339/Beenshoof_v._Chin_WD_Washington_USA_May_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Washington. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a nonexistent case; the Court could not locate it on Westlaw, Lexis, or the internet and warned that citing nonexistent authority may warrant Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: No sanction imposed; court reminded Plaintiff of Rule 11 obligations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "宾肖夫诉钦", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例；法院无法在 Westlaw、Lexis 或互联网上找到它，并警告称，引用不存在的权威可能会导致规则 11 的制裁。结果：未实施制裁；法院提醒原告注意规则 11 的义务。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanction imposed; court reminded Plaintiff of Rule 11 obligations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "USA v. Burke", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/438/USA_v._Burke_M.D._Florida_USA_May_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Westlaw's AI tools, GPT4.5 Deep Research (Pro) in proceedings before the M.D. Florida. False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a quote to Ruiz that does not exist and used it for an unsupported proposition. Outcome: Motion dismissed, and plaintiff ordered to refile it without fake citations..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉伯克", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州医学博士的诉讼中使用了 Westlaw 的人工智能工具 GPT4.5 Deep Research (Pro)。虚假引述：判例法|引用了鲁伊斯的一句不存在的话，并将其用于一个不受支持的命题。结果：动议被驳回，原告下令重新提交动议，不得提供虚假引文。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw's AI tools, GPT4.5 Deep Research (Pro)", "outcome": "Motion dismissed, and plaintiff ordered to refile it without fake citations.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "15 May 2025", "title": "Keaau Development Partnership LLC v. Lawrence", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/317/Keaau_Development_v._Lawrence_Hawai_USA_May_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Hawaii ICA. Fabricated: Case Law | Reynolds's memorandum cited a nonexistent case, 'Greenspan v. Greenspan,' to argue against the Forgay Doctrine; the court determined no Hawai‘i appellate decision by that title exists and that the pincites correspond to other cases (Roxas; Madison Capital; City of Boulder). Outcome: Monetary sanction against counsel personally; no disciplinary referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Keaau Development Partnership LLC 诉劳伦斯案", "description_zh": "律师在夏威夷 ICA 出庭。捏造：判例法|雷诺兹的备忘录引用了一个不存在的案件“格林斯潘诉格林斯潘”来反对福盖主义；法院裁定夏威夷不存在该标题的上诉判决，并且这些针峰对应于其他案件（罗哈斯；麦迪逊首都；博尔德市）。结果：对律师个人进行经济制裁；没有纪律转介。", "court": "Hawaii ICA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction against counsel personally; no disciplinary referral", "monetary_penalty": "100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Ramirez v. Humala", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/05/14/ai-hallucination-case-stemming-from-use-of-a-paralegals-ai-based-research/", "description": "Paralegal used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D.N.Y.. Outcome: Monetary sanction jointly imposed on counsel and firm; order to inform client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉米雷斯诉乌马拉", "description_zh": "律师助理在 E.D.N.Y. 的诉讼中使用身份不明。 结果：对律师和事务所联合实施经济制裁；以便通知客户。", "court": "E.D.N.Y.", "party": "Paralegal", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction jointly imposed on counsel and firm; order to inform client", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/15/2025-00636/framework-for-artificial-intelligence-diffusion", "description": "Controls the export of AI chips and models outside the United States. Establishes a country-based tiering system to determine applicable restrictions, exceptions, and conditions, including security and reporting safeguards. Creates validated end-user programs to govern exports of AI chips to most countries. Defines an adjustable compute-based threshold for export-controlled AI models.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能扩散框架", "description_zh": "控制美国境外人工智能芯片和模型的出口。建立基于国家/地区的分级系统，以确定适用的限制、例外和条件，包括安全和报告保障措施。创建经过验证的最终用户计划来管理向大多数国家/地区的人工智能芯片出口。为出口管制的人工智能模型定义一个可调整的基于计算的阈值。" }, { "date": "8 May 2025", "title": "In re Thomas Grant Neusom", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/332/Re_Thomas_Grant_Neusom_Florida_USA_May_8_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the M.D. Florida. Outcome: Suspension from practice before the Middle District of Florida for one year; immediate prohibition on accepting new federal matters; conditional reinstatement.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于托马斯·格兰特·纽森", "description_zh": "律师在佛罗里达州医学博士的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。结果：在佛罗里达州中区之前暂停训练一年；立即禁止接受新的联邦事务；有条件恢复。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Suspension from practice before the Middle District of Florida for one year; immediate prohibition on accepting new federal matters; conditional reinstatement", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 May 2025", "title": "Matter of Raven Investigations & Security Consulting B-423447", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the GAO. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Raven 调查与安全咨询事务 B-423447", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 GAO 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。结果：警告。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 May 2025", "title": "Harris v. Take-Two Interactive Software", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/344/Harris_v._Take-Two_Interactive_Software_Inc._Colorado_USA_May_6_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Colorado. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed quotations to cited cases that, per Take-Two and the Court, do not contain those quotes; plaintiff later withdrew or clarified he was not quoting directly, and replacement citations did not support his argument. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈里斯诉 Take-Two 互动软件案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Colorado 出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告将引文归因于所引用的案例，但根据 Take-Two 和法院的说法，这些案例中并不包含这些引文；原告后来撤回或澄清他没有直接引用，替换引文也不支持他的论点。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 May 2025", "title": "Lacey v. State Farm General Insurance", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/311/Lacey_v._State_Farm_General_Insurances_Co._D._Cal._May_6_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision, Google Gemini in proceedings before the C.D. Cal. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to support bad-faith discovery: Booth v. Allstate Ins. Co.; the Special Master could not locate it and it was later removed. Outcome: Striking of briefs; denial of requested discovery relief; Large monetary sanctions jointly and severally against the two law firms.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莱西诉州立农场普通保险", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 的诉讼中使用了 CoCounsel、Westlaw Precision、Google Gemini。卡尔。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来支持恶意发现：Booth v. Allstate Ins。公司；特殊大师无法找到它，后来它被移除了。结果：脱下内裤；拒绝请求的证据开示救济；对这两家律师事务所进行联合和单独的巨额经济制裁。", "court": "C.D. Cal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CoCounsel, Westlaw Precision, Google Gemini", "outcome": "Striking of briefs; denial of requested discovery relief; Large monetary sanctions jointly and severally against the two law firms", "monetary_penalty": "31100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 May 2025", "title": "X v. Board of Trustees of Governors State University", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "X 诉州长州立大学董事会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 May 2025", "title": "Rotonde v. Stewart Title Insurance Co", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/other-courts/2025/2025-ny-slip-op-50728-u.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the NY SC. Outcome: Motion to dismiss granted in full; no sanction imposed, but court formally warned plaintiff.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Rotonde 诉斯图尔特产权保险公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约 SC 出庭。结果：驳回动议完全获得批准；没有实施制裁，但法院正式警告原告。", "court": "NY SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to dismiss granted in full; no sanction imposed, but court formally warned plaintiff", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 May 2025", "title": "Flowz Digital v. Caroline Dalal", "url": "/documents/443/Flowz_Digital_v._Caroline_Dalal_C.D._California_USA_May_5_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Lexis+AI in proceedings before the C.D. Cal. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case the Court could not locate after multiple searches and ordered Plaintiff to attach it. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Flowz Digital 诉 Caroline Dalal", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 诉讼中使用 Lexis+AI卡尔。捏造：判例法|原告援引了法院在多次搜索后未能找到的案件，并命令原告附上该案件。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "C.D. Cal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis+AI", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 May 2025", "title": "Wilt v. Department of the Navy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/704/Wilt_v_Department_of_the_Navy.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Sanchez v. United States to claim FTCA permits redress for systemic negligence; the court found no such N.D. Tex. 1992 case at 803 F. Supp. 1066 and said it appears AI-generated. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威尔特诉海军部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告引用 Sanchez 诉美国案，声称 FTCA 允许对系统性过失进行补救；法院在 803 F. Supp. 中没有发现此类 N.D. Tex. 1992 案件。 1066 并表示这似乎是人工智能生成的。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Moales v. Land Rover Cherry Hill", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/346/Moales_v._Land_Rover_Cherry_Hill_D._Connecticut_April_30_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Connecticut. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185 (1976), and SEC v. W.J. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946), to claim a federal common-law fiduciary duty supports a common-law private right of action; the Court held neither case supports that proposition and each a... Outcome: Plaintiff warned to ensure accuracy of future submissions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莫阿莱斯诉路虎樱桃山案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在康涅狄格州 D. 诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185 (1976) 和 SEC v. W.J. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946)，声称联邦普通法信托义务支持普通法私人诉讼权；法院认为，这两个案件都不支持该主张，并且每个案件都... 结果：原告警告确保未来提交的材料的准确性。", "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff warned to ensure accuracy of future submissions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Gustafson v. Amazon.com", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/345/Gustafson_v._Amazon.com_Incorporated_D._Arizona_April_30_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case to argue the Hague Service Convention permits email service; the Court noted the authority does not exist and warned of Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "古斯塔夫森诉亚马逊", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来论证《海牙服务公约》允许电子邮件服务；法院指出该机构并不存在，并对规则 11 的制裁提出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2613", "description": "Establishes a demonstration initiative and joint research program to advance AI-driven technologies for pipeline systems. Prioritizes AI models for monitoring and predicting pipeline integrity and lifecycle. Allocates funding for AI research in pipeline safety, efficiency, and resilience.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下一代管道研究与开发法案", "description_zh": "建立示范计划和联合研究计划，以推进管道系统的人工智能驱动技术。优先考虑用于监控和预测管道完整性和生命周期的人工智能模型。为管道安全、效率和弹性方面的人工智能研究分配资金。" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "H2444 Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2444", "description": "Establishes responsibilities for promoting resilient supply chains and emerging technologies, including AI, to strengthen U.S. national security. Requires Assistant Secretary to assess and respond to supply chain vulnerabilities. Encourages reduced reliance on certain foreign goods. Forms Supply Chain Resilience Working Group.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H2444 2025 年促进弹性供应链法案", "description_zh": "规定了促进弹性供应链和新兴技术（包括人工智能）的责任，以加强美国的国家安全。要求助理部长评估并应对供应链漏洞。鼓励减少对某些外国商品的依赖。成立供应链弹性工作组。" }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "Willis v. U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee, Igloo Series Trust", "url": "/documents/703/Willis_v_US_Bank_National_Association_as_Trustee_Igloo_Series_Trust.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas, Dallas Division. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "威利斯诉美国银行全国协会作为 Igloo 系列信托受托人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. 德克萨斯州达拉斯分部出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas, Dallas Division", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 April 2025", "title": "S257 Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/257", "description": "Creates a Supply Chain Resilience Working Group to assess vulnerabilities in critical supply chains, emphasizing AI and emerging technologies. Tasks the Assistant Secretary of Commerce to lead initiatives enhancing supply chain resilience and promoting domestic AI technology production. Requires regular reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S257 2025 年促进弹性供应链法案", "description_zh": "创建供应链弹性工作组来评估关键供应链中的漏洞，重点关注人工智能和新兴技术。责成助理商务部长领导增强供应链弹性和促进国内人工智能技术生产的举措。需要定期向国会报告。" }, { "date": "24 April 2025", "title": "Benjamin v. Costco Wholesale Corp", "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-dis-crt-ed-new-yor/117206693.html", "description": "Lawyer used ChatOn in proceedings before the E.D.N.Y.. Outcome: Monetary sanction; public reprimand; order to serve client with decision; no disciplinary referral due to candor and remediation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "本杰明诉好市多批发公司", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D.N.Y. 之前的诉讼中使用 ChatOn。结果：经济制裁；公开谴责；为了向客户提供决策服务；由于坦诚和补救，没有受到纪律处分。", "court": "E.D.N.Y.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatOn", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; public reprimand; order to serve client with decision; no disciplinary referral due to candor and remediation", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "OMB Memorandum M-25-21: Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Streamlined Governance", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/M-25-21-Accelerating-Federal-Use-of-AI-through-Streamlined-Governance.pdf", "description": "This OMB memorandum, issued under the Trump administration, replaced M-24-10 and directed federal agencies to streamline AI governance processes to accelerate the adoption of AI in government operations. It reduced some risk management requirements from the prior memorandum while retaining requirements for agency Chief AI Officers and high-impact AI use case inventories. The memorandum emphasized removing bureaucratic barriers to AI deployment while maintaining accountability for high-stakes AI applications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OMB 备忘录 M-25-21：通过简化治理加速联邦对人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "这份在特朗普政府领导下发布的 OMB 备忘录取代了 M-24-10，并指示联邦机构简化人工智能治理流程，以加速人工智能在政府运作中的采用。它减少了之前备忘录中的一些风险管理要求，同时保留了对机构首席人工智能官和高影响力人工智能用例清单的要求。该备忘录强调消除人工智能部署的官僚障碍，同时保持对高风险人工智能应用的责任。" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "OMB Memorandum M-25-22: Driving Efficient Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/M-25-22-Driving-Efficient-Acquisition-of-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Government.pdf", "description": "This OMB memorandum established guidance for federal agencies on procuring AI technologies efficiently, emphasizing competition, flexibility, and innovation in government AI procurement. It directed agencies to avoid vendor lock-in, evaluate AI solutions based on performance and total cost of ownership, and leverage commercial AI capabilities where appropriate. The memorandum also addressed data rights, security requirements, and interoperability standards for procured AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OMB 备忘录 M-25-22：推动政府高效获取人工智能", "description_zh": "OMB 的这份备忘录为联邦机构有效采购人工智能技术制定了指导，强调政府人工智能采购的竞争、灵活性和创新。它指示各机构避免供应商锁定，根据性能和总体拥有成本评估人工智能解决方案，并在适当的情况下利用商业人工智能功能。该备忘录还讨论了采购的人工智能系统的数据权利、安全要求和互操作性标准。" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Nichols v. Walmart", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/349/Nichols_v._Walmart_Inc._S.D._Georgia_April_23_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Georgia. Outcome: Case dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and as a Rule 11 sanction for bad-faith submission of fabricated legal authorities.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼科尔斯诉沃尔玛", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.乔治亚州。结果：案件因缺乏主题管辖权而被驳回，并作为对恶意提交捏造法律权威的第 11 条制裁。", "court": "S.D. Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and as a Rule 11 sanction for bad-faith submission of fabricated legal authorities", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/04/advancing-artificial-intelligence-education-for-american-youth/", "description": "Establishes a Task Force to implement AI education policy, promoting AI literacy and training for educators. Launches a Presidential AI Challenge and prioritizes AI in K-12 instruction through partnerships. Enhances teacher training and apprenticeships related to AI across various sectors.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进美国青少年人工智能教育", "description_zh": "成立工作组来实施人工智能教育政策，促进人工智能素养和教育工作者培训。发起总统人工智能挑战赛，并通过合作伙伴关系在 K-12 教学中优先考虑人工智能。加强各部门与人工智能相关的教师培训和学徒培训。" }, { "date": "22 April 2025", "title": "Brown v. Patel et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/348/Brown_v._Patel_S.D._Texas_USA_April_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants reported Brown’s brief cited five nonexistent cases; the Court cautioned him about Rule 11. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "布朗诉帕特尔等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|被告称布朗的案情摘要引用了五个不存在的案件；法院就规则 11 向他发出警告。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 April 2025", "title": "Ferris v. Amazon.com Services", "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-dis-crt-n-d-mis-oxf-div/117175540.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the N.D. Mississippi. Outcome: Plaintiff ordered to pay Defendant’s reasonable costs related to addressing the fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Ferris 诉 Amazon.com 服务", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密西西比州北区法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。结果：原告被责令支付被告因处理捏造的传票而产生的合理费用。", "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Plaintiff ordered to pay Defendant’s reasonable costs related to addressing the fabricated citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Sims v. Souily-Lefave", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/347/Sims_v._Souily-Lefave_D._Nevada_USA_April_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nevada. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case, Graham v. Nyquist, without reporter or page; the Court could not locate it on Westlaw. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "西姆斯诉苏利-勒法夫案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内华达州联邦法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件，格雷厄姆诉奈奎斯特案，没有记者或页面；法院无法在 Westlaw 上找到它。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Nevada", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 April 2025", "title": "Crystal Truong, et al. v. Flint Hills Resources, LLC, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/631/Truong_v._Flint_Hills_Resources_USA_14_April_2025.Pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D. Texas. Outcome: Show cause order; CLE commitment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克里斯特尔·特鲁恩 (Crystal Truong) 等人。诉 Flint Hills Resources, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。德克萨斯州。结果：显示原因顺序； CLE 承诺。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Show cause order; CLE commitment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Graciela Dela Torre v. Davies Life & Health, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1602/Dela_Torre_v._Nippon_Life_USA_11_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Illinois. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kirkland v. American Title Ins. Co., \"692 F. Supp. 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)\"; court found the case was decided in the E.D.N.Y. and the opinion contains no discussion of certified mail, so the citation does not support the proposition.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Graciela Dela Torre 诉 Davies Life & Health, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在伊利诺伊州北区法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了柯克兰诉美国产权律师事务所案。 Co.，“692 F. Supp. 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)”；法院发现此案已在 E.D.N.Y. 中做出裁决。并且该意见没有包含对认证邮件的讨论，因此引文不支持该主张。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "Bevins v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/244/Bevins_v._Colgate_Palmolive_US_DC_Eastern_Penn._April_10_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Pa.. Fabricated: Case Law | Attorney cited a non-existent Pa. Superior Court case; the WL cite maps to Dolberry v. Jakob (N.D.N.Y. 2019) and the docket number to an unrelated criminal appeal; the captioned Tinch case exists only as a 1997 N.C. decision and is irrelevant. Outcome: Striking of Counsel’s Appearance + Referral to Bar Authorities + Client Notification Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贝文斯诉高露洁棕榄公司", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。 Pa..捏造：判例法|律师引用了宾夕法尼亚州高等法院一个不存在的案例； WL 引用了 Dolberry 诉 Jakob (N.D.N.Y. 2019) 的地图以及不相关刑事上诉的案卷编号；上述 Tinch 案仅作为北卡罗来纳州 1997 年的一项判决存在，与此无关。结果：律师出庭受罚+转介给律师当局+客户通知令。", "court": "E.D. Pa.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Striking of Counsel’s Appearance + Referral to Bar Authorities + Client Notification Order", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 April 2025", "title": "Bischoff v. South Carolina Department of Education", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Admin Law Court, S.C.. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "比肖夫诉南卡罗来纳州教育部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在南卡罗来纳州行政法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Admin Law Court, S.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Advancing Artificial Intelligence Education for American Youth", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/04/14/2025-06735/advancing-artificial-intelligence-education-for-american-youth", "description": "This executive order directed federal agencies to prioritize AI literacy and education for K-12 students, instructing the Department of Education to develop AI education initiatives and resources. It called for the creation of a Presidential AI Challenge to inspire students to develop AI skills and called on the private sector to contribute resources and expertise to AI education. The order aimed to prepare the next generation of American workers and innovators for an AI-driven economy.", "categories": [ "Education", "National Strategy", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于推进美国青少年人工智能教育的行政命令", "description_zh": "该行政命令指示联邦机构优先考虑 K-12 学生的人工智能素养和教育，指示教育部制定人工智能教育计划和资源。它呼吁设立总统人工智能挑战赛，以激励学生发展人工智能技能，并呼吁私营部门为人工智能教育贡献资源和专业知识。该命令旨在帮助下一代美国工人和创新者为人工智能驱动的经济做好准备。" }, { "date": "09 April 2025", "title": "H.R.1569 CATCH Fentanyl Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1569/text", "description": "Establishes pilot projects to evaluate AI and other tech enhancements for cargo inspections at U.S. land ports. Requires assessment of technologies like AI, machine learning, and quantum sciences. Emphasizes privacy protection, cost-effectiveness, and performance. Prohibits additional appropriations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.R.1569 CATCH 芬太尼法案", "description_zh": "建立试点项目来评估美国陆港货物检查的人工智能和其他技术增强功能。需要对人工智能、机器学习和量子科学等技术进行评估。强调隐私保护、成本效益和性能。禁止追加拨款。" }, { "date": "09 April 2025", "title": "Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1608", "description": "Requires the Department of Homeland Security to report on vehicular terrorism threats, including potential misuse of AI in automotive technologies, and countermeasures. Evaluates threat assessments, technological innovations, and collaborative efforts with stakeholders while ensuring respect for individual rights.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年国土安全部预防和减轻车辆恐怖主义法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部报告车辆恐怖主义威胁，包括汽车技术中人工智能的潜在滥用以及对策。评估威胁评估、技术创新以及与利益相关者的协作努力，同时确保尊重个人权利。" }, { "date": "09 April 2025", "title": "Transformational Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1378", "description": "Requires development of AI weather models for accurate forecasts and disaster response. Promotes public-private partnerships and access to forecasting data. Authorizes funding and technical support while protecting national security and intellectual property. Encourages research and personnel retention strategies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "变革性人工智能使经济现代化应对极端天气和野火法案", "description_zh": "需要开发人工智能天气模型以进行准确的预报和灾难响应。促进公私伙伴关系和获取预测数据。授权资金和技术支持，同时保护国家安全和知识产权。鼓励研究和人员保留策略。" }, { "date": "09 April 2025", "title": "Health Tech Investment Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1399/text", "description": "Amends the Social Security Act to require that certain algorithm-based healthcare services receive appropriate Medicare payments. Defines standards for classifying these services, including costs, eligibility criteria, and duration under specific payment classifications, emphasizing the role of AI-driven technologies. Codifies payment policy for AI-related software services.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "健康科技投资法", "description_zh": "修订《社会保障法》，要求某些基于算法的医疗保健服务获得适当的医疗保险付款。定义这些服务的分类标准，包括特定支付分类下的成本、资格标准和持续时间，强调人工智能驱动技术的作用。制定人工智能相关软件服务的支付政策。" }, { "date": "09 April 2025", "title": "TAME Extreme Weather and Wildfires Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2770", "description": "Directs the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to develop AI-based weather models, improve forecasts, and analyze fire environments. Encourages public-private partnerships for AI innovation and workforce development. Ensures open access to non-sensitive data and models.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "TAME 极端天气和野火法案", "description_zh": "指示国家海洋和大气管理局开发基于人工智能的天气模型，改进预报并分析火灾环境。鼓励人工智能创新和劳动力发展的公私合作伙伴关系。确保对非敏感数据和模型的开放访问。" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Daniel Jaiyong An v. Archblock, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/305/Daniel_Jaiyong_An_v._Archblock_Inc._US_Delaware_Chancery_April_3_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Delaware Chancery. Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion cited Terramar for broad discretion over discovery remedies; court notes Terramar was a Rule 12(b)(2) motion and did not involve discovery or make that point. Outcome: Motion denied with prejudice; no immediate sanction imposed, but petitioner formally warned and subject to future certification and sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Daniel Jaiyong An 诉 Archblock, Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在特拉华州衡平法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法| Motion 援引 Terramar 对发现补救措施的广泛酌处权；法院指出 Terramar 是一项规则 12(b)(2) 动议，不涉及证据披露或提出这一点。结果：动议因偏见被驳回；没有立即实施制裁，但请愿人正式警告并接受未来的认证和制裁。", "court": "Delaware Chancery", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion denied with prejudice; no immediate sanction imposed, but petitioner formally warned and subject to future certification and sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "03 April 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Critical Technology Workforce Framework Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1290/text", "description": "Expands NIST's functions to develop workforce frameworks for critical and emerging technologies, including a required artificial intelligence workforce framework. Requires periodic updates and reports to Congress, and mandates the inclusion of professional and nontraditional skill considerations through consultation with industry and government stakeholders in framework updates.\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年人工智能和关键技术劳动力框架法案", "description_zh": "扩展 NIST 的职能，为关键和新兴技术开发劳动力框架，包括所需的人工智能劳动力框架。要求定期更新并向国会报告，并要求通过与行业和政府利益相关者协商在框架更新中纳入专业和非传统技能考虑因素。" }, { "date": "03 April 2025", "title": "Memorandum 25-22 (Driving Efficient Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/M-25-22-Driving-Efficient-Acquisition-of-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Government.pdf", "description": "Directs Federal agencies to acquire AI systems in such a way that enhances efficiency, competitive procurement, and mitigates vendor lock-in risks at the lowest cost to the taxpayer. Requires policy updates for privacy, intellectual property, and data management while also mandating interagency collaboration.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "备忘录 25-22（推动政府有效获取人工智能）", "description_zh": "指导联邦机构以提高效率、竞争性采购并以纳税人最低成本减轻供应商锁定风险的方式采购人工智能系统。需要更新隐私、知识产权和数据管理政策，同时还要求机构间协作。" }, { "date": "03 April 2025", "title": "Memorandum 25-21 (Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/M-25-21-Accelerating-Federal-Use-of-AI-through-Innovation-Governance-and-Public-Trust.pdf", "description": "Instructs federal agencies to prioritize AI innovation, governance, and public trust while removing bureaucratic barriers. Requires development of an AI strategy, risk management practices for high-impact AI applications, and appointment of a Chief AI Officer. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "备忘录 25-21（通过创新、治理和公众信任加速联邦对人工智能的使用）", "description_zh": "指示联邦机构优先考虑人工智能创新、治理和公众信任，同时消除官僚障碍。需要制定人工智能战略、高影响力人工智能应用的风险管理实践，并任命首席人工智能官。" }, { "date": "03 April 2025", "title": "Advancing the Responsible Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/M-24-18-AI-Acquisition-Memorandum.pdf", "description": "Directs federal agencies to enhance AI acquisition policies by promoting a competitive AI market. Requires interagency collaboration, risk management for AI impacting rights and safety, innovation in procurement, and implement structures to govern and manage business processes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推动政府负责任地采购人工智能", "description_zh": "指示联邦机构通过促进竞争性人工智能市场来加强人工智能采购政策。需要机构间协作、人工智能影响权利和安全的风险管理、采购创新以及实施治理和管理业务流程的结构。" }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "Dehghani v. Castro", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/310/Dehghani_v_Castro_USA_New_Mexico_April_2_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the New Mexico DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited a non-existent case; Court and Respondent could not locate it, and counsel admitted it does not exist. Outcome: Monetary sanction; required CLE on legal ethics and AI; mandatory self-reporting to NM and TX state bars; report of subcontractor to NY state bar; required notification to LAWCLERK.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德加尼诉卡斯特罗案", "description_zh": "律师在新墨西哥州特区的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法| Brief引用了一个不存在的案例；法院和被告无法找到它，律师也承认它不存在。结果：经济制裁；要求法律道德和人工智能方面的 CLE；强制向新墨西哥州和德克萨斯州律师协会自我报告；分包商向纽约州律师协会提交的报告；需要通知 LAWCLERK。", "court": "New Mexico DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; required CLE on legal ethics and AI; mandatory self-reporting to NM and TX state bars; report of subcontractor to NY state bar; required notification to LAWCLERK", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "D'Angelo v. Vaught", "url": "/documents/609/Dangelo_v._Vaught_USA_2_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Archie (Smokeball) in proceedings before the Illinois. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德安吉洛诉沃特", "description_zh": "律师在伊利诺伊州诉讼中使用阿奇（烟球）。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Archie (Smokeball)", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "02 April 2025", "title": "Promoting United States Leadership in Standards Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1269/text", "description": "Directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Department of State to promote U.S. participation in AI standards development. Establishes a web portal and pilot program to support hosting domestic AI standards meetings, with grants for eligible organizations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年《促进美国标准领导力法案》", "description_zh": "指导美国国家标准与技术研究院和国务院促进美国参与人工智能标准制定。建立门户网站和试点计划，支持举办国内人工智能标准会议，并为符合条件的组织提供资助。" }, { "date": "1 April 2025", "title": "Boggess v. Chamness", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/695/Boggess_v_Chamness.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Second Circuit case to overcome prosecutorial immunity; the court verified the reporter cite matches Retrofit Partners I, L.P. v. Lucas Indus., Inc., unrelated to immunity, and deemed the citation hallucinatory and sanctionable. Outcome: Argument ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "博格斯诉查姆内斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。德克萨斯州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的第二巡回法院案件来克服起诉豁免权；法院证实，记者引用了 Retrofit Partners I, L.P. 诉 Lucas Indus., Inc. 与豁免权无关的匹配项，并认为该引文具有幻觉，应予制裁。结果：争论被忽略。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument ignored", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "01 April 2025", "title": "Protect Victims of Digital Exploitation and Manipulation Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2564/text", "description": "Prohibits producing or distributing digital forgeries of intimate depictions using AI without consent, penalizing offenders with fines or imprisonment. Excludes certain good-faith distributions and applies extraterritorially if individuals involved are U.S. nationals.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年保护数字利用和操纵受害者法案", "description_zh": "禁止未经同意使用人工智能制作或传播亲密描绘的数字伪造品，违者将被处以罚款或监禁。排除某些善意分配，并且如果涉及的个人是美国国民，则适用域外规定。" }, { "date": "01 April 2025", "title": "CORE Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2556", "description": "Require the Secretaries to utilize artificial intelligence for modeling and analysis of transboundary hydrocarbon resources, aiming to reduce uncertainty in resource estimates. Prioritize advanced data technologies and collaborative efforts with relevant federal agencies for comprehensive assessment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年核心法案", "description_zh": "要求部长们利用人工智能对跨界碳氢化合物资源进行建模和分析，旨在减少资源估算的不确定性。优先考虑先进的数据技术以及与相关联邦机构的合作，以进行全面评估。" }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "Sanders v. United States", "url": "/documents/356/Sanders_v._USA_USA_March_31_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Fed. claims court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to argue CFC jurisdiction; the reporter citation points to a different case and subject, and neither Defendant nor the Court could locate any such case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "桑德斯诉美国", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在美联储面前。索赔法院。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来论证受控外国公司的管辖权；记者的引文指向不同的案件和主题，被告和法院都无法找到任何此类案件。结果：警告。", "court": "Fed. claims court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "McKeown v. Paycom Payroll LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/357/McKeown_v._Paycom_Payroll_W.D._Oklahoma_March_31_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Oklahoma. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff previously filed a brief citing non-existent legal authority; the Court issued a warning against falsified citations (Dkt. 18). Outcome: Submission stricken out, and warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "McKeown 诉 Paycom Payroll LLC", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在俄克拉荷马州 W.D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法|原告之前提交了一份简报，称法律权威不存在；法院对伪造引文发出警告（Dkt. 18）。结果：提交内容被删除，并发出警告。", "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Submission stricken out, and warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "Promoting Precision Agriculture Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1985", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to develop interconnectivity standards for precision agriculture, considering the impact of AI. Instructs the Comptroller General to assess these standards' effectiveness biennially, considering AI's influence on adoption and industry coordination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "精准农业促进法", "description_zh": "要求农业部长考虑人工智能的影响，制定精准农业的互联标准。指示总审计长每两年评估一次这些标准的有效性，考虑人工智能对采用和行业协调的影响。" }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Create AI Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2385/text", "description": "Establishes the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) to democratize AI research by providing resources. Directs the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee under the Office of Science and Technology Policy to oversee operations. Sets procedures for privacy, ethics, security, and user eligibility. Defines funding mechanisms and governance structures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年创建人工智能法案", "description_zh": "建立国家人工智能研究资源（NAIRR），通过提供资源使人工智能研究民主化。指导科学技术政策办公室下属的 NAIRR 指导小组委员会监督运营。制定隐私、道德、安全和用户资格程序。定义融资机制和治理结构。" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Kruglyak v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/360/Kruglyak_v_Home_Depot_USA_Inc_W.D._Virginia_USA_March_25_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the W.D. Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited fictitious case citations in his reply to the opposition to the motion to compel (Dkt. 123); he conceded this; the court found negligence but no bad faith and declined monetary sanctions. Outcome: No monetary sanctions; Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kruglyak 诉 Home Depot U.S.A., Inc.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Virginia 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告在对反对强制动议的答复中引用了虚构的案例引文（Dkt. 123）；他承认了这一点；法院认定存在疏忽，但没有恶意，并拒绝了经济制裁。结果：没有金钱制裁；警告。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Generative AI Terrorism Risk Assessment Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1736/text", "description": "Require the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct and publicly release annual assessments of terrorism threats involving generative AI, analyze the use of generative AI by terrorists for radicalization and weapon development, and share findings with Congress. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生成式人工智能恐怖主义风险评估法", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长对涉及生成式人工智能的恐怖主义威胁进行并公开发布年度评估，分析恐怖分子利用生成式人工智能进行激进化和武器开发的情况，并与国会分享调查结果。" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Air National Guard Squadron Preservation Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2327", "description": "Study requires evaluation of unmanned/autonomous capabilities in Air Force fighters and potential cost savings from foreign sales of F-16 variants. Identifies eligible units for advanced fighters and suitability for missions, and assesses multiyear contract acquisition benefits.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年空军国民警卫队中队保护法", "description_zh": "研究需要评估空军战斗机的无人驾驶/自主能力以及 F-16 变型对外销售的潜在成本节约。确定先进战斗机的合格单位和任务的适用性，并评估多年合同采购效益。" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Streamline the Code of Federal Regulations Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/1110/text", "description": "Requires annual AI reviews of federal regulations for redundancy and obsolescence. Mandates OMB and NIST consultation to ensure AI system accuracy and security. Compels agencies to review, amend, or rescind regulations deemed outdated or redundant. Implements expedited regulatory changes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "利用人工智能简化 2025 年联邦法规法案", "description_zh": "要求人工智能每年对联邦法规进行冗余和过时审查。要求 OMB 和 NIST 进行咨询，以确保人工智能系统的准确性和安全性。迫使各机构审查、修改或废除被认为过时或多余的法规。实施快速的监管变革。" }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Francois v. Medina", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court, NY. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗朗索瓦诉麦地那", "description_zh": "律师在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。结果：警告。", "court": "Supreme Court, NY", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Buckner v. Hilton Global", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/359/Buckner_v._Hilton_Global_W.D._Kentucky_March_21_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the W.D. Kentucky. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case: Moss v. Parsons, 993 S.W.2d 650 (Ky. Ct. App. 1999); the Court confirmed the case does not exist. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴克纳诉希尔顿全球酒店", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 W.D. Kentucky 面前。捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例：Moss v. Parsons, 993 S.W.2d 650 (Ky. Ct. App. 1999)；法院确认该案不存在。结果：警告。", "court": "W.D. Kentucky", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Loyer v. Wayne County Michigan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/699/Loyer_v_Wayne_County_Michigan.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Michigan. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel included AI-generated bogus legal citations in the response brief; the Court admonished counsel and ordered attendance at an ethics seminar. Outcome: Plaintiff's counsel ordered to attend an ethics seminar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "洛耶诉密歇根州韦恩县案", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。密歇根州。捏造：判例法|原告律师在答复摘要中包含了人工智能生成的虚假法律引文；法院对律师进行了训诫，并下令参加道德研讨会。结果：原告律师被命令参加道德研讨会。", "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's counsel ordered to attend an ethics seminar", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2025", "title": "Foreign Investment Guardrails to Help Thwart (FIGHT) China Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2246/text", "description": "Imposes sanctions on Chinese entities involved in defense, surveillance sectors. Prohibits U.S. investments in covered national security transactions and prohibits holding securities of listed Chinese companies. Requires U.S. persons to notify certain investments involving AI-development-related technologies in China.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "外国投资护栏有助于阻止（打击）中国法案", "description_zh": "对涉及国防、监视领域的中国实体实施制裁。禁止美国投资受涵盖的国家安全交易，并禁止持有中国上市公司的证券。要求美国人通报在中国进行的某些涉及人工智能开发相关技术的投资。" }, { "date": "18 March 2025", "title": "Stevens v. BJC Health System", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/missouri/court-of-appeals/2025/ed112759.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Missouri CA. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史蒂文斯诉 BJC 卫生系统", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密苏里州加州法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Missouri CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 March 2025", "title": "Alkuda v. McDonald Hopkins Co., L.P.A.", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/ohio/ohndce/1:2024cv01103/307896/17/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Ohio. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Alkuda 诉 McDonald Hopkins Co, L.P.A.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Ohio 出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "AI PLAN Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2152/text", "description": "Requires the Secretaries of Treasury, Homeland Security, and Commerce to report to Congress on the risks of AI-enabled financial crimes, consider risks like deepfakes and voice cloning, and propose legislative recommendations for risk mitigation and incident response.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能计划法", "description_zh": "要求财政部长、国土安全部部长和商务部部长向国会报告人工智能金融犯罪的风险，考虑深度造假和语音克隆等风险，并提出风险缓解和事件响应的立法建议。" }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "Duplicative Grant Consolidation Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/2101", "description": "Requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to report on using AI to identify duplicative federal grant applications and detect waste, fraud, and abuse, in collaboration with designated federal agencies, submitted to relevant Congressional committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "重复赠款合并法", "description_zh": "要求管理和预算办公室主任与指定联邦机构合作，向相关国会委员会提交有关使用人工智能识别重复联邦拨款申请并检测浪费、欺诈和滥用行为的报告。" }, { "date": "12 March 2025", "title": "Mark Lillard v. Offit Kurman, P.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1529/Mark_Lillard_v._Offit_Kurman_USA_12_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC Delaware. Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Mattco Forge, Inc. v. Arthur Young & Co., 52 Cal.App.4th 820 (Ct. App. 1997) but used it to suggest conduct by an attorney; court found the case concerns an accountant, not an attorney (mischaracterization). Outcome: AI-use certification required for future filings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马克·利拉德 (Mark Lillard) 诉 Offit Kurman, P.A.", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在特拉华州 SC 的诉讼中使用身份不明。歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Mattco Forge, Inc. v. Arthur Young & Co., 52 Cal.App.4th 820 (Ct. App. 1997)，但用它来建议律师的行为；法院认定此案涉及会计师，而不是律师（错误描述）。结果：未来备案需要人工智能使用认证。", "court": "SC Delaware", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-use certification required for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2025", "title": "Arnaoudoff v. Tivity Health Incorporated", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/369/Arnaoudoff_v._Tivity_Health_Incorporated_D._Arizona_USA_March_11_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s objection repeatedly cited nonexistent cases, which the Court labeled as fake cases and agreed to disregard after Defendants flagged the issue. Outcome: Court ignored fake citations and granted motion to correct the record.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Arnaoudoff 诉 Tivity Health Incorporated", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州民主党的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见多次引用了不存在的案件，法院将其标记为虚假案件，并在被告提出问题后同意忽略。结果：法院无视虚假传票并批准更正记录的动议。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Court ignored fake citations and granted motion to correct the record", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2025", "title": "Sheets v. Presseller", "url": "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/florida/flmdce/2:2024cv00495/428254/110", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the M.D. Florida. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "席茨诉普雷勒案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在佛罗里达医学博士面前。结果：警告。", "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 March 2025", "title": "210S LLC v. Di Wu", "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/67d25fd13db7ac2e2c1d5b31", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Hawaii. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "210S LLC 诉吴迪", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在夏威夷之前。结果：警告。", "court": "Hawaii", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "06 March 2025", "title": "Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2025, Subtitle C--\"Matters Involving Uncrewed Systems\"", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/524", "description": "Establishes a National Advisory Committee on Autonomous Maritime Systems to advise on regulation. Launches a pilot program exempting NOAA-operated uncrewed maritime systems from certain regulations. Mandates Coast Guard training on these systems. Requires a Coast Guard report on uncrewed systems and technology development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年海岸警卫队授权法案，副标题 C——“涉及无人系统的事项”", "description_zh": "建立国家自主海事系统咨询委员会，就监管提供建议。启动一项试点计划，使 NOAA 运营的无人海事系统免受某些法规的约束。要求海岸警卫队对这些系统进行培训。需要海岸警卫队关于无人系统和技术开发的报告。" }, { "date": "06 March 2025", "title": "Bipartisan Health Care Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/891", "description": "Require the Comptroller General to assess AI in wearable medical devices for clinical decision-making, focusing on treatment accuracy, AI's benefits and challenges, and policy options to enhance benefits and mitigate challenges. Submit findings to Congress within 18 months.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "两党医疗保健法案", "description_zh": "要求总审计长评估可穿戴医疗设备中的人工智能用于临床决策，重点关注治疗准确性、人工智能的好处和挑战，以及增强好处和缓解挑战的政策选择。在 18 个月内向国会提交调查结果。" }, { "date": "05 March 2025", "title": "H.R.1851 Fighter Force Preservation and Recapitalization Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1851/text", "description": "Amends title 10 to increase the Air Force's fighter aircraft inventory, allows temporary reductions during recapitalization, mandates quarterly reports on inventory, requires delivery prioritization to existing squadrons, and implements a recapitalization plan for the Air National Guard through 2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.R.1851 2025 年战斗机部队保护和资本重组法案", "description_zh": "修改第 10 章以增加空军战斗机库存，允许在资本重组期间暂时减少，要求按季度报告库存，要求优先向现有中队交付，并实施到 2030 年的空军国民警卫队资本重组计划。" }, { "date": "3 March 2025", "title": "Nguyen v. Wheeler", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/341/Nguyen_v._Wheeler_E.D._Arkansas_USA_March_3_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Arkansas. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited nonexistent authority in support of her response to the motion to dismiss, leading to Rule 11(b) sanctions. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阮诉惠勒", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。阿肯色州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了不存在的权威来支持她对驳回动议的回应，从而导致规则 11(b) 制裁。结果：经济制裁。", "court": "E.D. Arkansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "03 March 2025", "title": "Fair Grocery Pricing Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1788/text", "description": "Prohibits food producers from using algorithmic systems to manipulate prices or supply. Declares such actions as violations of antitrust laws. Assigns enforcement to the Federal Trade Commission, Attorney General, and state attorneys general. Allows civil actions by aggrieved individuals.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公平杂货定价法", "description_zh": "禁止食品生产商使用算法系统操纵价格或供应。宣布此类行为违反反垄断法。将执法权分配给联邦贸易委员会、总检察长和州总检察长。允许受害个人提起民事诉讼。" }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "Bunce v. Visual Technology Innovations, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/246/Bunce_v._Visual_Technology_Innovations_US_DC_Eastern_Pennsylvania_February_27_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the E.D. Pa.. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case cited in the Withdrawal Motion; the court could not locate it in any research tool and deemed it an AI hallucination. Outcome: Monetary Sanction + Mandatory CLE on AI and Legal Ethics.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "邦斯诉视觉技术创新公司", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。 Pa..捏造：判例法|撤回动议中引用的案例不存在；法院无法在任何研究工具中找到它，并认为这是人工智能的幻觉。结果：货币制裁+关于人工智能和法律道德的强制性 CLE。", "court": "E.D. Pa.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction + Mandatory CLE on AI and Legal Ethics", "monetary_penalty": "2500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "Supporting Innovation in Agriculture Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1705/text", "description": "Establishes a 30% tax credit for investments in innovative agricultural technology, emphasizing AI, machine learning, and precision agriculture for specialty crops. Applies to technology placed in service by 2035, enhancing efficiency in production, processing, and storage.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年支持农业创新法案", "description_zh": "对创新农业技术投资设立 30% 的税收抵免，重点关注人工智能、机器学习和特种作物精准农业。适用于到 2035 年投入使用的技术，提高生产、加工和存储的效率。" }, { "date": "25 February 2025", "title": "Merz v. Kalama", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wawd.337376/gov.uscourts.wawd.337376.24.0.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the W.D. Washington. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff claimed AI said no motion to amend was required because a scheduling order set an amendment deadline; the Court clarified Rule 15 governs and still requires leave to amend.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "梅尔茨诉卡拉马案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 W.D. Washington 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称大赦国际表示不需要提出修改动议，因为调度命令设定了修改期限；法院澄清规则 15 管辖，但仍需要许可进行修改。", "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 February 2025", "title": "Wadsworth v. Walmart (Morgan & Morgan)", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.wyd.64014/gov.uscourts.wyd.64014.181.0_1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Internal tool (ChatGPT) in proceedings before the Wyoming. Fabricated: Case Law | One of eight non-existent case citations in Plaintiffs' January 22, 2025 Motions in Limine; the Court confirmed it did not exist and deemed reliance on a fake opinion a Rule 11(b)(2) violation. Outcome: $3k Fine + Pro Hac Vice Revoked (Drafter); $1k Fine each (Signers); Remedial actions noted..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "沃兹沃斯诉沃尔玛（摩根与摩根）", "description_zh": "律师在怀俄明州的诉讼中使用了内部工具（ChatGPT）。捏造：判例法|原告 2025 年 1 月 22 日的 Limine 动议中引用的八个不存在的案例之一；法院确认该意见不存在，并认为依赖虚假意见违反了规则 11(b)(2)。结果：罚款 3000 美元 + Pro Hac Vice 撤销（起草人）；每人罚款 1000 美元（签名者）；已采取补救措施..", "court": "Wyoming", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Internal tool (ChatGPT)", "outcome": "$3k Fine + Pro Hac Vice Revoked (Drafter); $1k Fine each (Signers); Remedial actions noted.", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Protecting Children from AI Harms", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/26/2025-03271/protecting-children-from-chemical-biological-radiological-nuclear-and-emerging-technology-threats", "description": "This executive order directed federal agencies to assess and address risks to children from AI and other emerging technologies, including AI-generated child sexual abuse material and AI systems that facilitate the exploitation or harm of minors. It instructed the Attorney General and Homeland Security Secretary to develop strategies for combating AI-facilitated crimes against children and directed OSTP to study AI risks to children's cognitive and social development. The order also called for the development of age-appropriate AI safety standards and parental notification requirements for AI products used by minors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于保护儿童免受人工智能伤害的行政命令", "description_zh": "该行政命令指示联邦机构评估和解决人工智能和其他新兴技术给儿童带来的风险，包括人工智能生成的儿童性虐待材料和促进剥削或伤害未成年人的人工智能系统。它指示司法部长和国土安全部长制定打击人工智能促进的针对儿童的犯罪的战略，并指示科学政策政策办公室研究人工智能对儿童认知和社会发展的风险。该命令还呼吁制定适合年龄的人工智能安全标准，并针对未成年人使用的人工智能产品制定家长通知要求。" }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Saxena v. Martinez-Hernandez et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/313/Saxena_v._Martinez-Hernandez_et_al_D._Nev_February_18_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nev.. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Hearns v. San Bernardino Police Dep’t for a Rule 8 standard the court says is not in that case or any other. Outcome: Complaint dismissed with prejudice; no formal AI-related sanction imposed, but dismissal explicitly acknowledged fictitious citations as contributing factor.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨克塞纳诉马丁内斯-埃尔南德斯等人。", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 D. Nev.. 虚假引述：判例法 |原告引用了赫恩斯诉圣贝纳迪诺警察局案中的第 8 条规则标准，但法院称该标准并不适用于该案件或任何其他案件。结果：投诉被驳回；没有实施与人工智能相关的正式制裁，但解雇明确承认虚假引用是促成因素。", "court": "D. Nev.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Complaint dismissed with prejudice; no formal AI-related sanction imposed, but dismissal explicitly acknowledged fictitious citations as contributing factor", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Executive Order 14148: Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/24/2025-01818/initial-rescissions-of-harmful-executive-orders-and-actions", "description": "This executive order, signed on January 20, 2025, formally revoked Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI among numerous other Biden-era executive actions. It marked the official rollback of the previous administration's comprehensive AI governance framework. The revocation directed agencies to stop implementing requirements stemming from EO 14110 and to review existing AI-related regulations and guidance for potential revision.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政命令 14148：有害行政命令和行动的初步撤销", "description_zh": "这项行政命令于 2025 年 1 月 20 日签署，正式撤销了关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能的第 14110 号行政命令以及拜登时代的众多其他行政措施。这标志着上届政府全面的人工智能治理框架的正式回滚。该撤销指示各机构停止实施 EO 14110 的要求，并审查现有的人工智能相关法规和指南，以进行可能的修订。" }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "HEARTS Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1291/text", "description": "Prioritizes nonanimal methods in NIH research. Establishes the National Center for Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing to develop and support humane scientific methods, including AI. Requires federally funded entities to report animal usage, encouraging reductions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年《红心法案》", "description_zh": "NIH 研究中优先考虑非动物方法。建立国家动物替代品研究和测试中心，以开发和支持包括人工智能在内的人道科学方法。要求联邦政府资助的实体报告动物使用情况，鼓励减少动物使用量。" }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Protecting Our Children in an AI World Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1283/text", "description": "Amends title 18, United States Code, to prohibit child pornography produced using artificial intelligence by eliminating certain affirmative defenses and expanding the definition of \"sexually explicit conduct\" to include actual or simulated obscene exhibitions of specific body parts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年人工智能世界保护我们的孩子法案", "description_zh": "修订《美国法典》第 18 章，通过消除某些肯定性抗辩并扩大“露骨性行为”的定义以包括特定身体部位的实际或模拟淫秽展示，禁止使用人工智能制作儿童色情制品。" }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Department of Energy Quantum Leadership Act of 2025, Section 2 \"Department of Energy quantum information science research program\"", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/579", "description": "Amends the National Quantum Initiative Act to require quantum science, engineering, and technology research programs. Establishes quantum computing strategic and supply chain plans. Engages industry and academia for commercialization. Restricts funding tied to foreign entities of concern and Confucius Institutes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年能源部量子领导法案第 2 条“能源部量子信息科学研究计划”", "description_zh": "修订《国家量子计划法案》，要求开展量子科学、工程和技术研究计划。制定量子计算战略和供应链计划。吸引工业界和学术界参与商业化。限制与外国相关实体和孔子学院相关的资金。" }, { "date": "12 February 2025", "title": "United States-Israel Defense Partnership Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/554", "description": "Supports U.S.-Israel defense collaboration on AI, cybersecurity, robotics, and more. Authorizes joint R&D, requires protective measures for sensitive data, establishes cost-sharing agreements, assigns the Irregular Warfare Technology Support Directorate as lead, and provides $50 million annually from 2026-2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年美国-以色列国防伙伴关系法案", "description_zh": "支持美国与以色列在人工智能、网络安全、机器人等领域的防务合作。授权联合研发，要求对敏感数据采取保护措施，建立成本分摊协议，指定非常规战争技术支持局牵头，并从 2026 年至 2030 年每年提供 5000 万美元。" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "State v. Saher", "url": "https://cpdocket.cp.cuyahogacounty.gov/CR_CaseInformation_Docket.aspx?q=h0zD3YbsKWezwPzPd7ddnjVSh8mAfAMq1QUEKKS9Isg1", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Ohio CC. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Attorney asked to withdraw guilty plea.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州诉萨赫", "description_zh": "律师在俄亥俄州 CC 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法结果：律师要求撤回认罪。", "court": "Ohio CC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Attorney asked to withdraw guilty plea", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Promoting Precision Agriculture Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/507", "description": "Requires development of voluntary interconnectivity standards for precision agriculture, considering AI’s impact. Involves consultation with relevant stakeholders. Mandates a GAO assessment of these standards every two years to evaluate their voluntary nature and adoption success in precision agriculture.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年精准农业促进法", "description_zh": "考虑到人工智能的影响，需要制定精准农业的自愿互联标准。涉及与相关利益相关者的协商。要求政府问责局每两年对这些标准进行一次评估，以评估其自愿性以及在精准农业中的采用成功率。" }, { "date": "07 February 2025", "title": "China Technology Transfer Control Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1122", "description": "Regulates the export of technology related to AI and other fields to China by requiring the President to control such exports for national security. Requires the U.S. Trade Representative to annually list AI-related products supported by the Chinese government.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025年中国技术转让控制法", "description_zh": "监管与人工智能和其他领域相关的技术向中国的出口，要求总统出于国家安全的原因控制此类出口。要求美国贸易代表每年列出中国政府支持的人工智能相关产品。" }, { "date": "07 February 2025", "title": "H.R.1142 - To amend the Public Health Service Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish drug adherence guidelines, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1142/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to establish drug adherence guidelines using artificial intelligence and machine learning, aiming for 90% adherence for Medicare Part B and D drugs. Promotes usage of generic and biosimilar drugs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.R.1142 - 修订《公共卫生服务法》，指示卫生与公众服务部部长制定药物依从性指南，并用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "要求卫生与公众服务部部长利用人工智能和机器学习制定药物依从性指南，目标是 Medicare B 部分和 D 部分药物的依从性达到 90%。促进仿制药和生物仿制药的使用。" }, { "date": "05 February 2025", "title": "IRONDOME Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/435", "description": "Accelerates the development of autonomous agents to defend the U.S. homeland and armed forces against cruise missiles and drone raids. Uses all available authorities to ensure a cost-effective approach.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年铁穹法案", "description_zh": "加速自主代理的开发，以保卫美国本土和武装部队免受巡航导弹和无人机袭击。使用所有可用的权限来确保采用具有成本效益的方法。" }, { "date": "04 February 2025", "title": "Federal Register Doc. No. 2024-28335 (Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/12/06/2024-28335/securing-the-information-and-communications-technology-and-services-supply-chain", "description": "Regulates transactions involving ICTS from foreign adversaries, with the Secretary of Commerce reviewing and potentially prohibiting such activities. Defines covered ICTS Transactions, foreign adversaries, and responsibilities. Imposes penalties for violations and mandates information disclosure and consultation among agency heads.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦公报文件。第2024-28335号（确保信息通信技术和服务供应链安全）", "description_zh": "监管来自外国对手的涉及信息通信技术的交易，由商务部长审查并可能禁止此类活动。定义所涵盖的 ICTS 交易、外国对手和责任。对违规行为进行处罚，并要求机构负责人进行信息披露和协商。" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Gonzalez v. Texas Taxpayers and Research Association", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/576/Gonzalez_v._Texas_Taxpayers_and_Research_Association_USA_29_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Lexis Nexis's AI in proceedings before the W.D. Texas. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent D.C. Circuit decision; court found it does not exist. Outcome: Plaintiff's response was stricken and monetary sanctions were imposed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "冈萨雷斯诉德克萨斯州纳税人和研究协会", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州 W.D. 的诉讼中使用了 Lexis Nexis 的人工智能。捏造：判例法|引用了一项不存在的华盛顿特区巡回法院判决；法院发现它不存在。结果：原告的反应受到打击，并受到经济制裁。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis Nexis's AI", "outcome": "Plaintiff's response was stricken and monetary sanctions were imposed.", "monetary_penalty": "3961 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Decoupling America's Artificial Intelligence Capabilities from China Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/321/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in AI-related activities with Chinese entities of concern, including research, development, and transfer of AI technology. Restricts financial interests and imposes penalties for violations. Requires the Secretary of Commerce and other officials to implement these prohibitions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年美国人工智能能力与中国脱钩法案", "description_zh": "禁止美国人与中国相关实体从事人工智能相关活动，包括人工智能技术的研究、开发和转让。限制经济利益并对违规行为实施处罚。要求商务部长和其他官员执行这些禁令。" }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "S.305 Small Business Technological Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/305", "description": "Amends the Small Business Act to permit loans for business software, including AI-utilizing tools. Specifies that loans for specified software purposes before enactment are permissible. Prohibits loan use for research and development. Does not affect working capital definitions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.305 2025 年小型企业技术法案", "description_zh": "修订《小企业法》，允许为商业软件（包括人工智能利用工具）提供贷款。规定允许在颁布之前为特定软件目的提供贷款。禁止贷款用于研究和开发。不影响营运资金定义。" }, { "date": "24 January 2025", "title": "Fora Financial Asset Securitization v. Teona Ostrov Public Relations", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/340/Fora_Financial_Asset_Securitization_v._Teona_NY_SC_USA_January_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the NY SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant’s reply papers cited non-existent cases; the Court struck those citations and their propositions. Outcome: No sanction imposed; court struck the offending citations and warned that repeated occurrences may result in sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Fora 金融资产证券化诉 Teona Ostrov 公共关系案", "description_zh": "律师在纽约证监会出庭。捏造：判例法|被告答辩书中引用不存在的案件；法院驳回了这些传票及其主张。结果：未实施制裁；法院驳回了这些违规行为，并警告称，重复发生可能会受到制裁。", "court": "NY SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanction imposed; court struck the offending citations and warned that repeated occurrences may result in sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/01/31/2025-02172/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence", "description": "President Trump's executive order revoked Executive Order 14110 and directed federal agencies to remove regulations perceived as barriers to American AI innovation and dominance. It instructed the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the National Security Advisor to develop an action plan for sustaining U.S. AI leadership within 180 days. The order emphasized deregulation, private-sector-led AI development, and maintaining American competitiveness against foreign adversaries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "14179 号行政命令：消除美国在人工智能领域的领导地位的障碍", "description_zh": "特朗普总统的行政命令撤销了第 14110 号行政命令，并指示联邦机构取消被视为阻碍美国人工智能创新和主导地位的法规。它指示科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 和国家安全顾问在 180 天内制定一项维持美国人工智能领导地位的行动计划。该命令强调放松管制、私营部门主导的人工智能开发以及保持美国对抗外国对手的竞争力。" }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Removing Barriers To American Leadership In Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/removing-barriers-to-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "Revokes existing AI policies to enhance U.S. AI leadership and ensure AI systems are free from ideological bias, tasks officials to create an AI action plan, and requires the immediate review and, if necessary, the suspension or revision of inconsistent policies stemming from the revoked Executive Order 14110.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于消除美国在人工智能领域领导地位的障碍的行政命令", "description_zh": "撤销现有的人工智能政策，以增强美国人工智能的领导地位并确保人工智能系统不存在意识形态偏见，责成官员制定人工智能行动计划，并要求立即审查，并在必要时暂停或修订因被撤销的第 14110 号行政命令而产生的不一致政策。" }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Strike 3 Holdings LLC v. Doe", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/351/Strike_3_Holdings_LLC_v_Doe_C.D._California_January_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Ulokued in proceedings before the C.D. California. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion cites a non-existent case (Mtn. at 2-3); the Court could not locate it and notes this suggests unverified AI use, warning of possible sanctions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Strike 3 Holdings LLC 诉 Doe", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 诉讼中使用了 Ulokued。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|被告的动议引用了一个不存在的案件（Mtn. at 2-3）；法院无法找到它，并指出这表明人工智能的使用未经验证，并警告可能会受到制裁。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Ulokued", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Arajuo v. Wedelstadt et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/370/Arajuo_v._Wedelstadt_E.D._Wisconsin_January_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Wisconsin. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' counsel's summary judgment brief included citations to non-existent cases; court flagged them, referenced Rule 11 and Park v. Kim, noted likely AI-generated sources, and warned of sanctions; counsel filed an amended brief omitting them. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿拉茹诉韦德尔施塔特等人", "description_zh": "律师在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。威斯康星州。捏造：判例法|被告律师的简易判决书摘要中引用了不存在的案件；法院对它们进行了标记，引用了规则 11 和 Park v. Kim，指出了可能由人工智能生成的来源，并警告进行制裁；律师提交了一份修改后的案情摘要，省略了这些内容。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2025", "title": "Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/30/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "Directs the federal government to ensure the safety and security of AI systems and take action to protect Americans from their potential risks. Prescribes measures to improve American innovation, competition, and leadership in AI while preserving privacy, mitigating algorithmic discrimination, and addressing labor disruptions. Calls for further responsible deployment of AI in federal government and consumer-facing industries.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Security", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于安全、可靠和可信地开发和使用人工智能的行政命令", "description_zh": "指示联邦政府确保人工智能系统的安全，并采取行动保护美国人免受潜在风险的影响。规定了提高美国在人工智能领域的创新、竞争和领导力的措施，同时保护隐私、减少算法歧视并解决劳动力中断问题。呼吁在联邦政府和面向消费者的行业进一步负责任地部署人工智能。" }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "National Cybersecurity Strategy Implementation Plan 2.0 — AI Security Provisions", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/NCSIP_Version_2_CLEARED_052424.pdf", "description": "The second version of the National Cybersecurity Strategy Implementation Plan included provisions specifically addressing AI security, including initiatives to develop AI security guidelines for critical infrastructure, establish AI vulnerability disclosure processes, and incorporate AI into national cyber defense capabilities. It tasked CISA, NSA, and NIST with developing sector-specific AI cybersecurity guidance and directed agencies to assess and address AI supply chain security risks. The plan also included measures to combat malicious use of AI for cyber attacks and disinformation.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "National Strategy", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家网络安全战略实施方案2.0——人工智能安全规定", "description_zh": "第二版国家网络安全战略实施方案包括专门针对人工智能安全的规定，包括制定关键基础设施人工智能安全指南、建立人工智能漏洞披露流程以及将人工智能纳入国家网络防御能力等举措。它责成 CISA、NSA 和 NIST 制定针对特定行业的人工智能网络安全指南，并指示各机构评估和解决人工智能供应链安全风险。该计划还包括打击恶意利用人工智能进行网络攻击和虚假信息的措施。" }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "United States v. Hayes", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2025/01/23/federal-public-defender-submits-brief-with-nonexistent-citation-apparently-refuses-to-admit-this-to-the-judge-at-a-hearing/", "description": "Federal Defender used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Cal.. Outcome: Formal Sanction Imposed + Written Reprimand.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉海斯", "description_zh": "联邦辩护人在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。加州结果：正式制裁 + 书面谴责。", "court": "E.D. Cal.", "party": "Federal Defender", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Formal Sanction Imposed + Written Reprimand", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 January 2025", "title": "Wildfire Prevention Act of 2025, Section 302 \"Public-private wildfire technology deployment and testbed partnership.\"", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/140/text", "description": "Establishes a pilot program for new wildfire technology, prioritizing AI, that connects private entities with federal agencies for testing. Requires annual reports on technology tested, costs, and outreach. Encourages emerging technologies for wildfire mitigation. Expires in seven years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年野火预防法第 302 条“公私野火技术部署和试验台伙伴关系”。", "description_zh": "建立新的野火技术试点计划，优先考虑人工智能，将私人实体与联邦机构联系起来进行测试。需要有关技术测试、成本和推广的年度报告。鼓励缓解野火的新兴技术。七年后到期。" }, { "date": "15 January 2025", "title": "Strong v. Rushmore Loan Management Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/352/Strong_v_Rushmore_Loan_Management_Services_LLC_D._Nebraska_January_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Nebraska. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited nonexistent cases to argue that joining another party’s motion without separate argument is insufficient. Outcome: Motion to dismiss granted; no sanctions imposed, but court warned that repetition could result in sanctions or filing restrictions.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯特朗诉拉什莫尔贷款管理服务公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在内布拉斯加州法院出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用不存在的案例来辩称，在没有单独论证的情况下加入另一方的动议是不够的。结果：驳回动议获得批准；没有实施制裁，但法院警告称，重复可能会导致制裁或申请限制。", "court": "D. Nebraska", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to dismiss granted; no sanctions imposed, but court warned that repetition could result in sanctions or filing restrictions", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "Executive Order on Advancing United States Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Infrastructure (EO 14141)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2025/01/14/executive-order-on-advancing-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence-infrastructure/", "description": "Requires federal agencies to identify, solicit proposals for, and lease federal lands suitable for AI infrastructure and related clean energy projects. Requires the Secretary of State to develop a plan to coordinate AI infrastructure development with U.S. allies and partners, including workforce development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于推进美国在人工智能基础设施领域的领导地位的行政命令 (EO 14141)", "description_zh": "要求联邦机构确定、征求建议并租赁适合人工智能基础设施和相关清洁能源项目的联邦土地。要求国务卿制定一项计划，与美国盟友和合作伙伴协调人工智能基础设施的发展，包括劳动力发展。" }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "Western Wildfire Support Act of 2025, Section 205 \"Study on modernizing wildfire response technologies\"", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/senate-bill/91/text", "description": "Requires study on AI feasibility and data needs for wildland fire predictive modeling. Analyzes computing requirements to enhance modeling accuracy and speed. Reviews AI's potential use in predictive models. Submits results to Congress and public within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年西部野火支持法案第 205 条“野火响应技术现代化研究”", "description_zh": "需要研究荒地火灾预测模型的人工智能可行性和数据需求。分析计算要求以提高建模精度和速度。回顾人工智能在预测模型中的潜在用途。一年内向国会和公众提交结果。" }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "O’Brien v. Flick and Chamberlain", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/358/OBrien_v_gSaaGrr._Flick_S.D._Florida_January_10_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Florida. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Snyder v. City of Sanford, 645 So. 2d 1126 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994), which the Court determined does not exist after its own search and relied on in imposing sanctions. Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice, inter alia for use of fake citations and misrepresentations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "奥布莱恩诉弗里克和张伯伦", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.佛罗里达。捏造：判例法|原告援引了 Snyder v. City of Sanford, 645 So。 2d 1126（Fla. 5th DCA 1994），法院在自行搜索后确定该文件不存在，并据以实施制裁。结果：案件因使用虚假引文和虚假陈述而被驳回。", "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice, inter alia for use of fake citations and misrepresentations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "Kohls v. Ellison", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2024/11/19/apparent-ai-hallucinations-in-misinformation-experts-court-filing-supporting-anti-ai-misinformation-law/", "description": "Expert used GPT-4o in proceedings before the Minnesota. Outcome: Expert Declaration Excluded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科尔斯诉埃里森案", "description_zh": "专家在明尼苏达州的诉讼中使用了 GPT-4o。结果：排除专家声明。", "court": "Minnesota", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "GPT-4o", "outcome": "Expert Declaration Excluded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "07 January 2025", "title": "Healthy Technology Act of 2025", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/238/text", "description": "Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to include AI and machine learning technologies as eligible drug prescribers if they are state-authorized and FDA-approved, cleared, or authorized by the FDA and other purposes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年健康技术法案", "description_zh": "修订《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法案》，将人工智能和机器学习技术纳入合格的药物处方者范围，前提是它们获得州授权和 FDA 批准、批准或授权以及其他用途。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of Energy AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4664/text", "description": "Establishes a centralized AI program within the Department of Energy to advance AI research and deployment for science, security, and technology. Requires development of AI models, datasets, and infrastructure. Mandates AI risk evaluation, workforce development, and partnerships. Allocates $2.4 billion annually for five years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "能源部人工智能法案", "description_zh": "在能源部内建立一个集中的人工智能计划，以推进科学、安全和技术方面的人工智能研究和部署。需要开发人工智能模型、数据集和基础设施。要求进行人工智能风险评估、劳动力发展和合作伙伴关系。五年内每年拨款 24 亿美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protecting AI and Cloud Competition in Defense Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5436/text", "description": "Establishes competitive processes for AI, cloud, and data infrastructure procurement by the Department of Defense, prioritizing security and data rights. Requires updates to regulations for data protection and penalties. Mandates reports on AI market competition and innovation to congressional committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年国防法案中保护人工智能和云竞争", "description_zh": "为国防部的人工智能、云和数据基础设施采购建立竞争性流程，优先考虑安全和数据权利。需要更新数据保护和处罚法规。授权向国会委员会报告人工智能市场竞争和创新情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preparing Election Administrators for AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8353/text", "description": "Requires the Election Assistance Commission to issue voluntary guidelines addressing AI use and risks in election administration. Includes guidelines on AI benefits, cybersecurity risks, accurate information sharing, and combating election disinformation impacting public trust.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "让选举管理人员为人工智能法案做好准备", "description_zh": "要求选举援助委员会发布自愿指南，解决选举管理中人工智能的使用和风险。包括有关人工智能优势、网络安全风险、准确信息共享以及打击影响公众信任的选举虚假信息的指南。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preserving American Dominance in Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5616/text#toc-id89d5105a15eb44e1ab241fb3c9caaa8f", "description": "Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Safety Review Office to evaluate AI models for national security risks, requires AI developers to follow red-teaming and cybersecurity standards, and prohibits deploying risky AI models. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年维护美国人工智能主导地位法案", "description_zh": "成立人工智能安全审查办公室，评估人工智能模型的国家安全风险，要求人工智能开发者遵循红队和网络安全标准，并禁止部署有风险的人工智能模型。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Examining Educational Redlining in Lending Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8142/text", "description": "Requires the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection to annually assess the use of educational data and algorithmic and automated processes in creditworthiness determinations. Mandates reporting to Congress and public disclosure of findings and involved entities to prevent disparate impacts on protected classes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Evaluation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "检查贷款法中的教育红线", "description_zh": "要求消费者金融保护局每年评估教育数据以及算法和自动化流程在信用判定中的使用情况。授权向国会报告并公开披露调查结果和涉及的实体，以防止对受保护群体产生不同的影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2023, Sec. 2f (\"National Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Observing Network\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6235", "description": "Establishes a national network of harmful algal bloom observing systems using AI for detection and forecasting. Requires data integration and dissemination through a Harmful Algal Bloom Data Assembly Center. Coordinates between NCCOS and IOOS Program Office for effective management.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年有害藻华和缺氧研究与控制修正案法案第 2 节2f（“国家有害藻华和缺氧观测网络”）", "description_zh": "建立全国有害藻华观测系统网络，利用人工智能进行检测和预测。需要通过有害藻华数据组装中心进行数据集成和传播。协调 NCCOS 和 IOOS 项目办公室以进行有效管理。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Communications, Video, and Technology Accessibility Act of 2023, Sec. 401 (\"Emerging Technology\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4858", "description": "Requires the Commission to report on accessibility barriers in emerging AI and communication technologies. Mandates consideration of specific disabilities' impact. Obliges regulations update every 5 years to ensure accessible AI technologies for disabled individuals.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年通信、视频和技术无障碍法案第 2 节401（“新兴技术”）", "description_zh": "要求委员会报告新兴人工智能和通信技术的无障碍障碍。要求考虑特定残疾的影响。规定每 5 年更新一次法规，以确保残疾人可以使用人工智能技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Americas Act, Title I (\"Administration\"), Sec. 103 (\"Additional Duties of Institute\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7571", "description": "Requires the Institute to promote international collaboration with American partners on e-governance, incorporate emerging technologies like AI, ensure compliance with standards, and restrict data sharing with specific countries to protect privacy and security. Authorizes funding and technical assistance for partner countries.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美洲法案》第一章（“管理”）第 2 节103（“研究所的额外职责”）", "description_zh": "要求该研究所促进与美国合作伙伴在电子政务方面的国际合作，纳入人工智能等新兴技术，确保符合标准，并限制与特定国家的数据共享，以保护隐私和安全。授权为伙伴国家提供资金和技术援助。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Mesonet Authorization Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2995", "description": "Establishes the National Mesonet Program to improve weather observations using non-Federal data sources. Prioritizes collaboration with commercial, academic, and other sectors. Provides financial support for enhancing data collection capabilities. Mandates regular reporting and sets funding allocations through 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家 Mesonet 授权法案", "description_zh": "建立国家 Mesonet 计划，以利用非联邦数据源改进天气观测。优先考虑与商业、学术和其他部门的合作。为增强数据收集能力提供财政支持。要求定期报告并设定 2028 年之前的资金分配。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, Title V (\"Matters Pertaining to United States Economic and Emerging Technology Competition with United States Adversaries\"), Subtitle B (\"Next Generation Energy, Biotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2103", "description": "Requires the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024 to conduct an assessment on economic and technological capabilities on the Peoples republic of china, of using civil nuclear energy for intelligence community capabilities. Requires the policy to create a plan on for private individuals or companies to notify federal agencies about specific risks or threats involving artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 财年情报授权法案，第五章（“与美国对手的经济和新兴技术竞争有关的事项”），副标题 B（“下一代能源、生物技术和人工智能”）", "description_zh": "要求《2024 财年情报授权法》对中华民国的经济和技术能力以及将民用核能用于情报界的能力进行评估。要求政策制定一项计划，让私人或公司向联邦机构通报涉及人工智能的特定风险或威胁。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Technology Workforce Framework Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3792", "description": "Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop and update an AI workforce framework. Expands NIST's functions to include workforce frameworks for emerging technologies. Mandates reports to Congress on frameworks and their applications.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年技术劳动力框架法案", "description_zh": "要求国家标准与技术研究所所长开发和更新人工智能劳动力框架。扩展 NIST 的职能，纳入新兴技术的劳动力框架。授权向国会报告框架及其应用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Wildland Fire Risk Reduction Program Act, Sec. 7 (Responsibilities of Program Agencies)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4584", "description": "Assigns responsibilities to various U.S. agencies for wildland fire research, prediction, and mitigation, including AI-driven data analysis and modeling. Focuses on developing tools, improving fire-weather forecasts, enhancing coordination, and promoting fire-resistant infrastructure and practices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家减少荒地火灾风险计划法第 2 节7（项目机构的职责）", "description_zh": "向美国各机构分配荒地火灾研究、预测和缓解的职责，包括人工智能驱动的数据分析和建模。重点开发工具、改进火灾天气预报、加强协调以及推广防火基础设施和实践。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advanced Aviation Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/220", "description": "Establishes the Office of Advanced Aviation, headed by an Associate Administrator, to oversee rulemaking, certification, and integration of advanced aviation systems, including AI-driven technologies, into national airspace. Requires interagency coordination and stakeholder engagement for safe and timely integration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "先进航空法", "description_zh": "设立由副署长领导的先进航空办公室，负责监督规则制定、认证以及先进航空系统（包括人工智能驱动技术）与国家空域的整合。需要机构间协调和利益相关者参与，以实现安全和及时的整合。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Promoting United States Leadership in Standards Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3849", "description": "Requires NIST Director to brief Congress on federal AI standards participation within one year. Directs federal agencies to notify NIST of AI standards activities. Mandates NIST to create a reporting mechanism and establish a web portal. Establishes a pilot program for U.S.-based standards meetings. Obligates annual NIST briefings to Congress on the pilot program. Authorizes $10 million for the pilot program from 2024 to 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《促进美国标准领导力法案》", "description_zh": "要求 NIST 主任在一年内向国会通报联邦人工智能标准的参与情况。指示联邦机构向 NIST 通报人工智能标准活动。授权 NIST 创建报告机制并建立门户网站。为美国标准会议建立试点计划。每年 NIST 都有义务向国会通报试点计划的情况。授权 2024 年至 2028 年为试点计划拨款 1000 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Exploitative Workplace Surveillance and Technologies Task Force Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2440", "description": "Establishes an interagency task force to study workplace surveillance and AI decision systems. Evaluates surveillance's impact on various worker aspects, including compensation and safety. Requires reports and recommendations on addressing surveillance and AI technologies in workplaces.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年剥削性工作场所监视和技术工作组法案", "description_zh": "建立一个跨机构工作组来研究工作场所监控和人工智能决策系统。评估监视对工人各个方面的影响，包括补偿和安全。需要有关解决工作场所监控和人工智能技术问题的报告和建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2023, Sec. 212 (\"Report on Establishment of an Unmanned Systems Capabilities Office\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2741", "description": "Requires the Commandant to report on establishing a Coast Guard office for developing and acquiring unmanned and counter-unmanned systems. Details management, coordination, contracting strategies, and collaboration with federal agencies, and emphasizes integrating AI and machine learning tools in operations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年海岸警卫队授权法第 2 节212（《关于成立无人系统能力办公室的报告》）", "description_zh": "要求指挥官报告建立海岸警卫队办公室以开发和获取无人和反无人系统的情况。详细介绍管理、协调、签约策略以及与联邦机构的合作，并强调在运营中集成人工智能和机器学习工具。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024, Title II (\"Coast Guard\"), Sec. 207 (\"Report on establishment of unmanned systems capabilities office\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7659", "description": "Require the Coast Guard to report on establishing an office for unmanned systems technologies. Include strategies for management, service-wide coordination, contracting, collaboration, and data sharing. Develop operational concepts integrating AI and machine learning tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年海岸警卫队授权法第二章（“海岸警卫队”）第 2 节207（《关于成立无人系统能力办公室的报告》）", "description_zh": "要求海岸警卫队报告建立无人系统技术办公室的情况。包括管理、服务范围内的协调、承包、协作和数据共享的策略。开发集成人工智能和机器学习工具的运营概念。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "HR 7659 Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2024, Title III (\"Shipping and Navigation\"), Sec. 342 (\"Establishment of National Advisory Committee on Autonomous Maritime Systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7659", "description": "Establishes a National Advisory Committee on Autonomous Maritime Systems to advise on regulation and use within U.S. waters. Requires 9 expert members representing diverse maritime sectors, including marine safety, vessel design, and unmanned vehicle research, appointed by the Secretary.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HR 7659 2024 年海岸警卫队授权法，第三章（“航运和导航”），第 2 节342（“建立国家自主海事系统咨询委员会”）", "description_zh": "建立国家自主海事系统咨询委员会，就美国水域内的监管和使用提供建议。需要由部长任命的 9 名代表不同海事部门的专家成员，包括海事安全、船舶设计和无人驾驶车辆研究。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, Sec. 758 (\"Implementation of Technology for Classification and Declassification\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2103", "description": "Requires the Administrator to research AI and machine learning solutions for federal classification and declassification. Mandates submission of a technology recommendation to the President. Obligates the President to report to Congress on the recommended solution and adoption decision.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 财年情报授权法第 2 节758（“分类和解密技术的实现”）", "description_zh": "要求管理员研究用于联邦分类和解密的人工智能和机器学习解决方案。授权向总统提交技术建议。总统有义务向国会报告建议的解决方案和通过决定。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Rail Worker and Community Safety Act, Sec. 13 (Equipment Inspections)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5871", "description": "Require AI-based inspection technologies for rail inspections to be verified by a Qualified Mechanical Inspector.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "铁路工人和社区安全法第二节13（设备检查）", "description_zh": "要求基于人工智能的铁路检查技术由合格的机械检查员进行验证。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "ASSESS AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1356", "description": "Establishes a task force to assess AI's privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties implications; outlines duties and responsibilities of task force. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "评估人工智能法案", "description_zh": "建立一个工作组来评估人工智能对隐私、公民权利和公民自由的影响；概述了工作组的职责和责任。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "DOE and USDA Interagency Research Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1713", "description": "Requires DOE and USDA to conduct collaborative AI research for agriculture and energy. Establishes interagency agreements for competitive, merit-reviewed processes and supports data sharing, grid security, and technology development. Mandates a report on coordination and achievements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部和美国农业部跨部门研究法案", "description_zh": "要求美国能源部和美国农业部开展农业和能源人工智能合作研究。为竞争性、绩效审查流程建立机构间协议，并支持数据共享、电网安全和技术开发。授权提交一份关于协调和成就的报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2023, Sec. 309 (GAO Report)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/20", "description": "Analyze the impact of Sections 101(a) and 101(b) on technology and algorithm use. Require the Government Accountability Office to report findings to Congress. Allow the President to recommend legislative modifications based on these findings.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Richard L. Trumka 保护 2023 年组织权法案，第 2 节309（政府问责局报告）", "description_zh": "分析第 101(a) 和 101(b) 节对技术和算法使用的影响。要求政府问责办公室向国会报告调查结果。允许总统根据这些调查结果提出立法修改建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Eliminating Bias in Algorithmic Systems Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3478", "description": "Requires agencies that use, fund, or oversee algorithms to establish civil rights offices with bias experts. Mandates biennial reports to Congress on algorithmic bias, risks and actions taken to mitigate them. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年《消除算法系统偏差法案》", "description_zh": "要求使用、资助或监督算法的机构建立由偏见专家组成的民权办公室。授权每两年向国会报告算法偏差、风险以及为缓解这些偏差而采取的行动。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Labeling Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2691", "description": "Requires AI-generated content to include clear and conspicuous disclosures on AI-generated content in image, video, audio, multimedia, and text, and mandates developers and licensees to prevent disclosure removal; establishes a working group to create AI-content detection standards, with enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能标签法案", "description_zh": "要求人工智能生成的内容包括对人工智能生成的图像、视频、音频、多媒体和文本内容的清晰显着的披露，并要求开发者和被许可人防止披露被删除；成立一个工作组来制定人工智能内容检测标准，并由联邦贸易委员会执行。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, Title VII (\"Research, Extension, and Related Matters\"), Sec. 7208 (\"Centers of Excellence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8467", "description": "Establishes centers of excellence for research on digital agriculture, including AI and remote sensing. Requires partnerships to enhance coordination and address agricultural challenges. Mandates annual reporting on projects, funding, and intellectual property actions. Extends program duration to 2029.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《农场、食品和国家安全法》第七章（“研究、推广和相关事项”）第 2 节7208（“卓越中心”）", "description_zh": "建立数字农业研究卓越中心，包括人工智能和遥感。需要建立伙伴关系以加强协调并应对农业挑战。强制要求对项目、资金和知识产权行动进行年度报告。将计划期限延长至 2029 年。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "GRIData Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4140", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Energy to identify, analyze, and share data to improve electric grid reliability and resilience. Considers AI and machine learning for enhancing grid operations. Establishes a steering committee and mandates reports and websites for data dissemination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 GRI 数据法案", "description_zh": "要求能源部长识别、分析和共享数据，以提高电网的可靠性和弹性。考虑人工智能和机器学习来增强电网运营。建立指导委员会并授权报告和网站进行数据传播。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Farm Tech Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6806", "description": "Mandates the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a program to certify AI software for agricultural use based on the NIST's Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "农业技术法", "description_zh": "授权农业部长根据 NIST 的人工智能风险管理框架制定一项计划，对农业用途的人工智能软件进行认证。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Water Quality and Environmental Innovation Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/873", "description": "Authorizes the EPA Administrator to award grants and contracts for emerging technologies addressing water quality. Mandates the use of AI, quantum information science, and robotics for water quality projects.\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "水质与环境创新法", "description_zh": "授权美国环保署署长为解决水质问题的新兴技术授予赠款和合同。强制要求在水质项目中使用人工智能、量子信息科学和机器人技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Research and Development Program on New Approaches to Data Analysis for Aviation Safety", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6850", "description": "Establishes a research program using AI and machine learning for aviation safety data analysis. Requires collaboration among FAA, NEXTOR III, NASA, and industry partners.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "航空安全数据分析新方法研发计划", "description_zh": "建立利用人工智能和机器学习进行航空安全数据分析的研究计划。需要 FAA、NEXTOR III、NASA 和行业合作伙伴之间的协作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Shifting Forward Vehicle Technologies Research and Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5090", "description": "Establishes programs for AI-driven vehicle technology research, focusing on electrification, machine learning for manufacturing, autonomous systems, cybersecurity, and advanced energy solutions. Requires periodic reporting and coordination among federal agencies. Allocates funding for these initiatives through 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进车辆技术研究与开发法案", "description_zh": "建立人工智能驱动的车辆技术研究项目，重点关注电气化、制造机器学习、自主系统、网络安全和先进能源解决方案。需要联邦机构之间定期报告和协调。到 2028 年为这些举措分配资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Unleashing AI Innovation in Financial Services Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9309/text", "description": "Establishes regulatory sandboxes for financial entities to test AI projects with reduced regulatory burden, requiring applications to detail compliance strategies, potential impacts, and public-interest benefits. Mandates agency review and oversight by requiring annual reports on outcomes, and allows agencies to create additional AI project regulations post-approval.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《释放金融服务人工智能创新法案》", "description_zh": "为金融实体建立监管沙箱，以在减轻监管负担的情况下测试人工智能项目，要求应用程序详细说明合规策略、潜在影响和公共利益效益。通过要求年度结果报告来强制机构进行审查和监督，并允许机构在批准后制定额外的人工智能项目法规。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "American Economic Independence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4026", "description": "Requires regular reports on U.S.-China economic integration, assessing national security risks, including reliance on Chinese AI. Mandates analysis of risks like intellectual property theft and defense industrial base threats. Recommends mitigation steps and involves key government officials in the evaluation process.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年美国经济独立法案", "description_zh": "要求定期报告中美经济一体化、评估国家安全风险，包括对中国人工智能的依赖。要求对知识产权盗窃和国防工业基础威胁等风险进行分析。建议缓解措施并让主要政府官员参与评估过程。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Deceptive Experiences To Online Users Reduction Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2708", "description": "Prohibits large online operators from designing user interfaces that impair user autonomy or encourage compulsive usage. Requires affirmative express consent for certain research and mandates disclosure of such research. Establishes independent review boards and empowers the FTC to enforce compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "减少在线用户欺骗经历法案", "description_zh": "禁止大型在线运营商设计损害用户自主权或鼓励强迫使用的用户界面。要求对某些研究给予肯定的明确同意，并强制披露此类研究。建立独立审查委员会并授权联邦贸易委员会强制执行合规性。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preventing Adversaries from Developing Critical Capabilities Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6349", "description": "Defines “covered sectors” to include artificial intelligence and directs the President to identify such technologies posing national security risks when developed or acquired by countries of concern. Requires regulations to prohibit certain covered activities, mandate notification for others, and authorizes enforcement, reporting, and penalties to implement these restrictions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "防止对手发展关键能力法案", "description_zh": "定义“涵盖领域”以包括人工智能，并指示总统识别相关国家开发或获取的此类技术会带来国家安全风险。要求法规禁止某些涵盖的活动，强制通知其他活动，并授权执行、报告和处罚以实施这些限制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Trustworthy By Design Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5539/text", "description": "Requires the Director of NIST to develop AI system trustworthiness guidelines covering models, data, safety, security, and fairness within one year. Mandates federal agencies evaluate AI systems for compliance, publicly report evaluation status, and appoint Chief AI Officers for governance and oversight.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年值得信赖的人工智能法案", "description_zh": "要求NIST主任在一年内制定涵盖模型、数据、安全、保障和公平的人工智能系统可信指南。授权联邦机构评估人工智能系统的合规性，公开报告评估状态，并任命首席人工智能官进行治理和监督。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Black Maternal Health Omnibus Act, Sec. 904 (Report on the Use of Technology in Maternity Care)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3305", "description": "Mandates the Secretary of Health and Human Services to commission a study on technology in maternity care. Requires examination of AI's impact on racial and ethnic biases. Includes patient monitoring devices. Specifies identification of bias reduction practices. Directs completion within 24 months.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "黑人孕产妇健康综合法，第二节。 904（关于孕产妇护理中技术使用的报告）", "description_zh": "授权卫生与公众服务部部长委托开展一项关于孕产妇护理技术的研究。需要检查人工智能对种族和民族偏见的影响。包括患者监护设备。指定减少偏见实践的识别。指示在 24 个月内完成。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Supply Chain Mapping and Monitoring Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/796", "description": "Establishes the Supply Chain Resiliency and Crisis Response Office to monitor and enhance supply chain resilience. Includes AI, machine learning, and robotics as key technology areas. Coordinates with international partners and private sectors to identify vulnerabilities and ensure critical industry sustainability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Financial loss", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "供应链测绘和监控法", "description_zh": "设立供应链弹性和危机应对办公室，以监控和增强供应链弹性。包括人工智能、机器学习和机器人技术作为关键技术领域。与国际合作伙伴和私营部门协调，找出漏洞并确保关键行业的可持续性。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Outbound Investment Transparency Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2678", "description": "Amends the Defense Production Act to establish an investment screening mechanism targeting AI and other sensitive sectors. Requires U.S. persons to notify the Treasury of certain investments in countries of concern. Mandates annual reporting and promotes international coordination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年境外投资透明度法案", "description_zh": "修改《国防生产法》，建立针对人工智能等敏感领域的投资审查机制。要求美国人向财政部通报在相关国家的某些投资。规定年度报告并促进国际协调。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preventing the Algorithmic Facilitation of Rental Housing Cartels Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8622/all-actions", "description": "Prohibits rental property owners from using coordinators to manipulate rental prices. Prohibits coordinators from facilitating non-competitive agreements and engaging in anti-competitive mergers. Empowers the FTC and state attorneys general to enforce the Act.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《防止算法促进租赁住房卡特尔法案》", "description_zh": "禁止出租业主利用协调员操纵租金价格。禁止协调员促成非竞争性协议和参与反竞争合并。授权联邦贸易委员会和州总检察长执行该法案。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3686", "description": "Prohibits using pricing algorithms trained with nonpublic competitor data. Requires detailed reporting and certification of pricing algorithms used in commerce. Mandates transparency in algorithmic pricing for entities with over $5 million revenue. Establishes penalties for violations. Directs FTC to study pricing algorithms' impact.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年防止算法共谋法案", "description_zh": "禁止使用经过非公开竞争对手数据训练的定价算法。需要商业中使用的定价算法的详细报告和认证。要求收入超过 500 万美元的实体的算法定价保持透明。规定了对违规行为的处罚。指示 FTC 研究定价算法的影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10262/text", "description": "Require financial regulators and the Treasury to study and publicly report on the benefits, risks, and regulatory impacts of AI use in banking, finance and housing markets, and to provide recommendations for responsible AI adoption, informed by public input. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Harms: Discrimination", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能法案", "description_zh": "要求金融监管机构和财政部研究并公开报告银行、金融和房地产市场中人工智能使用的收益、风险和监管影响，并根据公众意见提供负责任的人工智能采用建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Air Tour and Sport Parachuting Safety Improvement Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1032", "description": "Requires the FAA administrator to, within three years, mandate new safety requirements for commercial air tour operators, including training in strategies for maintaining control, such as through the use of automated systems. Establishes a rulemaking committee to develop standards and recommendations, including algorithm-driven traffic advisory systems, whose findings the administrator reports to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年航空旅游和运动跳伞安全改进法案", "description_zh": "要求美国联邦航空局管理员在三年内对商业航空旅游运营商强制实施新的安全要求，包括维持控制策略的培训，例如通过使用自动化系统。建立一个规则制定委员会来制定标准和建议，包括算法驱动的交通咨询系统，管理员将其调查结果报告给国会。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Validation and Evaluation for Trustworthy (VET) Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4769", "description": "Directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop voluntary guidelines for internal and external AI assurance, requiring testing and validation to build trust and accountability. Establishes an advisory committee and a federal study to assess assurance capabilities, including their qualifications, safeguards, and infrastructure, and to report recommendations to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "可信赖 (VET) 人工智能验证和评估法案", "description_zh": "指示美国国家标准与技术研究所制定内部和外部人工智能保证的自愿准则，要求进行测试和验证以建立信任和问责制。建立一个咨询委员会和一项联邦研究，以评估保障能力，包括其资格、保障措施和基础设施，并向国会报告建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Modernizing Data Practices to Improve Government Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10151", "description": "Defines artificial intelligence using existing legislation and includes AI in data governance. Requires the Chief Data Officer Council to identify AI opportunities and enhance data practices. Mandates biennial reports on AI use and data governance improvements in agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实现数据实践现代化以改进政府行为", "description_zh": "使用现有立法定义人工智能，并将人工智能纳入数据治理。要求首席数据官委员会识别人工智能机会并加强数据实践。强制要求每两年报告各机构的人工智能使用和数据治理改进情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Next Generation Military Education Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9903", "description": "Requires the Department of Defense to develop AI and machine learning courses for military personnel, expand the Digital On-Demand Program to all members and employees, and incorporate AI risks into annual cybersecurity training.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下一代军事教育法", "description_zh": "要求国防部为军事人员开发人工智能和机器学习课程，将数字点播计划扩展到所有成员和员工，并将人工智能风险纳入年度网络安全培训。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Eliminating Bias in Algorithmic Systems Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10092", "description": "Requires agencies using or overseeing algorithms to establish civil rights offices addressing bias and discrimination. Mandates biennial reports on algorithmic harms. Establishes an interagency working group on algorithms and civil rights. Authorizes necessary appropriations for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《消除算法系统偏差法案》", "description_zh": "要求使用或监督算法的机构建立民权办公室，以解决偏见和歧视问题。规定每两年报告一次算法危害。建立算法和公民权利机构间工作组。授权实施所需的拨款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Fraud Deterrence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10125", "description": "Increases penalties for financial crimes like mail fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, and money laundering when committed with the assistance of artificial intelligence, including higher fines (up to $2 million) and longer prison sentences (up to 30 years), and define \"artificial intelligence\" as per the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能欺诈威慑法", "description_zh": "加大对人工智能协助下的邮件欺诈、电汇欺诈、银行欺诈和洗钱等金融犯罪的处罚力度，包括更高的罚款（最高 200 万美元）和更长的监禁（最高 30 年），并根据 2020 年《国家人工智能倡议法案》对“人工智能”进行了定义。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Economic Security and Diplomacy Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10100", "description": "Authorize $5 million annually to acquire AI and machine learning tools for data analysis in the Office of Economic Analysis and Targeting. Establish and fund initiatives for robust economic security and technological policy, including AI-driven analysis and strategic foreign assistance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年经济安全与外交法", "description_zh": "每年授权 500 万美元购买人工智能和机器学习工具，用于经济分析和目标办公室的数据分析。制定并资助强有力的经济安全和技术政策举措，包括人工智能驱动的分析和战略对外援助。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Improving Diagnosis in Medicine Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10135", "description": "Establishes a research program to improve diagnostic safety and quality, including integrating AI-enabled tools. Requires expert panel consultation for data needs, involving the Chief AI Officer. Forms an interagency council to enhance research, policy, and collaboration in diagnosis improvement.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年改善医学诊断法案", "description_zh": "建立研究计划以提高诊断安全性和质量，包括集成人工智能工具。需要专家小组就数据需求进行咨询，其中包括首席人工智能官。成立一个机构间委员会，以加强诊断改进方面的研究、政策和合作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Data Protection Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5170", "description": "Establishes the Data Protection Agency to regulate high-risk data practices, requiring assessments and evaluations of AI systems. Oversees compliance with Federal privacy laws, emphasizing non-discrimination, privacy harm prevention, and transparency in automated decision-making. Conducts audits, enforces laws, supervises large data aggregators, and collaborates with other agencies for consistent regulation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年数据保护法", "description_zh": "建立数据保护机构来规范高风险数据实践，要求对人工智能系统进行评估和评估。监督联邦隐私法的遵守情况，强调非歧视、隐私伤害预防和自动化决策的透明度。进行审计、执行法律、监督大型数据聚合器，并与其他机构合作进行一致的监管。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "SCAM Platform Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10212/text", "description": "Official source record dated 03 January 2025 for United States of America concerning SCAM Platform Act. See the linked congress.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "诈骗平台法", "description_zh": "要求联邦通信委员会在一年内创建基于人工智能的工具，以帮助公众识别可能的诈骗。指定该工具必须接受各种提交格式、评估诈骗可能性并提供诈骗可能性评级。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Chinese Military and Surveillance Company Sanctions Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5571/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. transactions with Chinese entities operating in AI, defense, and surveillance sectors. Requires sanctions against such entities. Mandates regular determinations of sanctioned firms. Allows presidential waiver for national security. Codifies and updates Executive Order 13959.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年中国军事和监视公司制裁法", "description_zh": "禁止美国与在人工智能、国防和监控领域运营的中国实体进行交易。要求对此类实体实施制裁。要求对受制裁的公司定期做出决定。允许总统豁免国家安全。编纂并更新第 13959 号行政命令。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to prohibit and require notifications with respect to certain investments by United States persons in the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5598/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from investing in certain prohibited technologies in China. Requires transactions in notifiable technologies to be reported. Allows for exemptions with Congressional notification. Imposes penalties for violations. Formulates a strategy for multilateral engagement to prevent proliferation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项禁止美国人在中华人民共和国进行某些投资以及出于其他目的进行投资并要求进行通知的法案。", "description_zh": "禁止美国人在中国投资某些违禁技术。要求报告应通报技术的交易。允许在国会通知后予以豁免。对违规行为实施处罚。制定多边参与防止扩散战略。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Improving Atmospheric River Forecasts Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5361/text", "description": "Incorporates machine learning to improve atmospheric river forecasts. Develops AI-driven tools and models for predicting landfalls and precipitation impacts. Enhances data processing and modeling techniques, using AI for high-resolution forecasting systems. Improves hazard communication methodologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "改进大气河流预报法", "description_zh": "结合机器学习来改进大气河流预报。开发人工智能驱动的工具和模型来预测登陆和降水影响。增强数据处理和建模技术，将人工智能用于高分辨率预测系统。改进危险通报方法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Leadership in CET Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5537/text", "description": "Establishes a pilot program to expedite patent examination for AI and other emerging technologies, encouraging U.S. innovation and leadership. Permits fee waivers and limits application numbers. Terminates after issuing certain patents or accepting 10,000 applications, with possible renewal.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CET 法案中的领导力", "description_zh": "建立试点计划，加快人工智能和其他新兴技术的专利审查，鼓励美国的创新和领导力。允许减免费用并限制申请数量。在颁发某些专利或接受 10,000 份申请后终止，并可能续展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Responsible AI Disclosure Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10263/text", "description": "Requires covered agencies to study and report on AI data and methodologies, assess compliance with federal laws, and recommend needed changes. Authorizes requiring disclosures from AI vendors and entities about model data, design, and function. Prioritizes immediate implementation where necessary.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年负责任的 AI 披露法案", "description_zh": "要求所涉及的机构研究和报告人工智能数据和方法，评估联邦法律的合规性，并提出所需的变更建议。授权要求人工智能供应商和实体披露有关模型数据、设计和功能的信息。必要时优先考虑立即实施。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to require a study on the use of commercial-off-the-shelf products and artificial intelligence technologies by the Internal Revenue Service.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5620/text", "description": "Requires the Comptroller General to study IRS's use of AI and commercial-off-the-shelf products. Identifies efficiency, taxpayer service, cost savings, fairness, enforcement, and risk management as key factors. Details contractors, costs, contracting approaches, and expense allocations for IT projects.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项要求国税局对商业现成产品和人工智能技术的使用进行研究的法案。", "description_zh": "要求总审计长研究国税局对人工智能和商业现成产品的使用。将效率、纳税人服务、成本节约、公平、执行和风险管理确定为关键因素。详细介绍 IT 项目的承包商、成本、承包方法和费用分配。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "S5344 Advancing Digital Freedom Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10169/text", "description": "Promotes democratic AI governance and human rights in technology development and deployment. Requires the Coordinator for Digital Freedom to address AI governance implications on democracy. Mandates annual reports analyzing global threats to digital freedom, including AI management risks, and offering protection recommendations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S5344 2024 年推进数字自由法案", "description_zh": "促进技术开发和部署中的民主人工智能治理和人权。要求数字自由协调员解决人工智能治理对民主的影响。规定年度报告分析数字自由的全球威胁，包括人工智能管理风险，并提供保护建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "American Foreign Affairs Talent Expansion Act: Diversity in Diplomacy and Development, Section 112 (Mitigating bias in artificial intelligence use.)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5581/text", "description": "Urges agencies to address AI bias risks. Requires employing experts for developing bias-mitigation frameworks. Mandates biennial reports to Congress on efforts ensuring AI safety, testing for bias, and resource needs for effective bias correction over eight years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国外交人才扩展法案：外交与发展的多样性，第 112 条（减轻人工智能使用中的偏见。）", "description_zh": "敦促各机构解决人工智能偏见风险。需要聘请专家来开发减轻偏见的框架。授权每两年向国会提交一份报告，内容涉及确保人工智能安全的努力、偏见测试以及八年内有效纠正偏见的资源需求。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To prohibit the Secretary of Defense from entering into information technology contracts with entities that provide certain services to China, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5436/text", "description": "Prohibits the Secretary of Defense from engaging in IT contracts with entities tied to AI research in China or linked through software or data centers. Allows waiver for national security interests. Applies to contracts within three years of enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止国防部长与向中国提供某些服务以及出于其他目的的实体签订信息技术合同。", "description_zh": "禁止国防部长与与中国人工智能研究相关或通过软件或数据中心关联的实体签订 IT 合同。允许放弃国家安全利益。适用于颁布后三年内的合同。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Enable Intelligence Community Partnerships Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5444/text", "description": "Encourages the intelligence community to explore private sector partnerships for technological advancement. Expands public-private talent exchanges in AI and other fields. Extends exchange duration to five years and limits access to trade secrets. Requires annual reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年启用情报社区合作伙伴法案", "description_zh": "鼓励情报界探索私营部门伙伴关系以促进技术进步。扩大人工智能等领域公私人才交流。将交换期限延长至五年并限制获取商业秘密。需要向国会提交年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Workforce Data Enhancement Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5401/text", "description": "Establishes a grant program for statewide longitudinal data systems to integrate data across education and workforce development systems. Prioritizes cross-state collaborations and addresses AI's role in workforce demands. Emphasizes data privacy, standardization, and public-private partnerships.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "劳动力数据增强法案", "description_zh": "为全州纵向数据系统建立拨款计划，以整合整个教育和劳动力发展系统的数据。优先考虑跨州合作并解决人工智能在劳动力需求中的作用。强调数据隐私、标准化和公私合作伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Transparency in Bureaucratic Communications Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5500/text", "description": "Amends the Inspector General Act to require detailed descriptions of communications between government entities and internet services, covering issues like content moderation and AI-related factors such as data inputs, algorithms, and analysis tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "官僚沟通透明度法", "description_zh": "修订《监察长法案》，要求对政府实体和互联网服务之间的通信进行详细描述，涵盖内容审核和数据输入、算法和分析工具等人工智能相关因素等问题。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5335/text", "description": "Establishes grants for developing and evaluating agricultural uses of AI. Emphasizes AI applications that improve specialty crop production. Supports agricultural innovation by integrating AI into farming practices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年农村繁荣和粮食安全法", "description_zh": "为开发和评估人工智能的农业用途提供赠款。强调提高特种作物生产的人工智能应用。通过将人工智能融入农业实践来支持农业创新。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Stop Smuggling Illicit Synthetic Drugs on U.S. Transportation Networks Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5285", "description": "Develops a joint strategy to accelerate research, development, and deployment of AI and other technologies to detect illicit synthetic drugs. Requires report submission to specified congressional committees within two years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年美国交通网络法案停止走私非法合成药物", "description_zh": "制定联合战略，加速人工智能和其他技术的研究、开发和部署，以检测非法合成药物。要求在两年内向指定的国会委员会提交报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To amend and reauthorize the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and the Older Americans Act of 1965.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10425/text", "description": "Amends the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to allow states to use machine learning and advanced analytics for evaluating and improving program operations and outcomes and identifying areas needing further evaluation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订并重新授权《劳动力创新与机会法案》和《1965 年美国老年人法案》。", "description_zh": "修订《劳动力创新和机会法案》，允许各州使用机器学习和高级分析来评估和改进计划运营和结果，并确定需要进一步评估的领域。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Emerging Innovative Border Technologies Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5407/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to plan for deploying advanced border technologies. Authorizes CBP Innovation Teams to research emerging technologies, including AI, ensuring compliance with privacy and civil rights policies. Mandates annual reporting on technology deployment and effectiveness.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新兴创新边境技术法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长规划部署先进的边境技术。授权 CBP 创新团队研究人工智能等新兴技术，确保遵守隐私和民权政策。强制要求对技术部署和有效性进行年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Diabetes Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5502/text", "description": "Requires Medicare to separately reimburse algorithms in automated insulin delivery systems to promote innovation. Expands access to diabetes technologies and training. Establishes new billing codes for insulin pump education. Proposes national coverage decision on insulin pumps. Evaluates barriers to diabetes technology access.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "糖尿病法", "description_zh": "要求医疗保险单独报销自动胰岛素输送系统中的算法，以促进创新。扩大获得糖尿病技术和培训的机会。为胰岛素泵教育建立新的计费代码。提出关于胰岛素泵的全国覆盖决定。评估糖尿病技术获取的障碍。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Further Continuing Appropriations and Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act 2025 (Section 217 \"Report on Wearable Medical Devices\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10445/text", "description": "Requires the Comptroller General to assess wearable medical devices' use in clinical decision-making, focusing on their treatment-prescribing accuracy, AI's role in enhancing capabilities, and policy options to optimize benefits and address development challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年进一步持续拨款和救灾补充拨款法案（第 217 条“可穿戴医疗设备报告”）", "description_zh": "要求总审计长评估可穿戴医疗设备在临床决策中的使用，重点关注其治疗处方的准确性、人工智能在增强能力方面的作用以及优化效益和应对发展挑战的政策选择。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Further Continuing Appropriations and Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act 2025 (Title IX \"Take It Down Act\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10445/text", "description": "Prohibits the nonconsensual use of digital forgeries or intimate visual depictions via interactive computer services. Requires platforms to establish quick removal processes for such depictions. Enforces penalties for violations and mandates FTC oversight for compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年进一步持续拨款和救灾补充拨款法案（第九章“拆除法案”）", "description_zh": "禁止通过交互式计算机服务未经同意使用数字伪造或亲密的视觉描述。要求平台针对此类描述建立快速删除流程。对违规行为实施处罚，并要求联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 监督合规情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Further Continuing Appropriations and Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act 2025 (Title VIII \"Prohibition and Notification on Investments Relating to Covered National Security Transactions\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10445/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in transactions involving prohibited technologies in national security contexts, including specific AI developments. Requires notifications for such transactions. Establishes penalties, allowances for waivers, and a public database on covered foreign entities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年进一步持续拨款和救灾补充拨款法案（第八章“与涵盖国家安全交易相关的投资的禁止和通知”）", "description_zh": "禁止美国人在国家安全背景下参与涉及违禁技术的交易，包括特定的人工智能开发。需要此类交易的通知。建立处罚、豁免津贴以及有关外国实体的公共数据库。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Further Continuing Appropriations and Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act 2025 (Title V \"Promoting Resilient Supply Chains\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/10445/text", "description": "Establishes responsibilities for the Assistant Secretary of Commerce to promote stable supply chains and emerging technologies, including AI. Requires the formation of a Working Group to assess supply chain resilience and vulnerabilities. Encourages domestic manufacturing of critical technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年进一步持续拨款和救灾补充拨款法案（第五章“促进弹性供应链”）", "description_zh": "规定助理商务部长的职责是促进稳定的供应链和包括人工智能在内的新兴技术。需要成立一个工作组来评估供应链的弹性和脆弱性。鼓励关键技术国产化。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "SAFE from PRC Investments Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/499", "description": "Amends the Securities Exchange Act to require public companies and exchange-traded funds to disclose ties to the Chinese government or Communist Party, including board memberships, financial operations, military involvements, and data management, focusing on governance and security implications.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Disclosure" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中国国家外汇管理局投资法", "description_zh": "修订《证券交易法》，要求上市公司和交易所交易基金披露与中国政府或共产党的关系，包括董事会成员、财务运营、军事参与和数据管理，重点关注治理和安全影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To require a briefing on the national security threats associated with Chinese autonomous ground vehicles operating in the United States.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6896", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to brief Congress by March 30, 2024, on national security threats from Chinese autonomous ground vehicles, including data types collected, dual-use technology implications, and potential CCP or PLA use for military planning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "要求通报与在美国运营的中国自主地面车辆相关的国家安全威胁。", "description_zh": "要求国防部长在 2024 年 3 月 30 日之前向国会通报中国自主地面车辆对国家安全的威胁，包括收集的数据类型、军民两用技术影响以及中共或解放军可能用于军事规划的情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Adversarial and Malicious Partnerships at Universities and Schools Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2726", "description": "Prohibits Department of Defense funding to entities contracting with Chinese institutions supporting the People's Liberation Army. Denies visas to individuals from these institutions. Limits educational funding and strengthens U.S.-Taiwan partnerships for Mandarin instruction. Lowers foreign gift disclosure threshold.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年《打击大学和学校的对抗性和恶意伙伴关系法》", "description_zh": "禁止国防部向与支持中国人民解放军的中国机构签约的实体提供资金。拒绝向这些机构的个人发放签证。限制教育经费并加强美国与台湾的普通话教学伙伴关系。降低外国礼物披露门槛。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "PAID Act, Sec. 3 (Requirements for Private Passenger Automobile Insurers)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3880", "description": "Prohibits insurers from using specific personal factors, including gender and credit score, to determine car insurance rates. Requires submission to FTC to ensure no disparate impacts from algorithms. Mandates public access to underwriting rules.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Risk factors: Bias" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "付费法案，第二节3（私人客运汽车保险公司的要求）", "description_zh": "禁止保险公司使用特定的个人因素（包括性别和信用评分）来确定汽车保险费率。需要提交给 FTC 以确保算法不会产生不同的影响。要求公众了解承保规则。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Promoting Digital Privacy Technologies Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3325", "description": "Defines privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) and instructs the National Science Foundation to support research on them. Directs the Office of Science and Technology Policy to coordinate with NSF, NIST, and the FTC to accelerate PET development and use, and to report to Congress on implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Security", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "促进数字隐私技术法案", "description_zh": "定义隐私增强技术 (PET) 并指示国家科学基金会支持相关研究。指示科学技术政策办公室与 NSF、NIST 和 FTC 协调，加速 PET 的开发和使用，并向国会报告实施情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Maintaining Innovation and Safe Technologies Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8832", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to issue guidance by January 1, 2026, on Medicare payment requirements for remote monitoring devices with AI components that transmit health data for patient management and treatment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "维护创新和安全技术法案", "description_zh": "指示卫生与公众服务部部长在 2026 年 1 月 1 日之前发布关于带有 AI 组件的远程监控设备的 Medicare 付款要求的指南，这些设备可传输健康数据以进行患者管理和治疗。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Open Translation Center Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7942", "description": "Establishes the Open Translation Center to translate and analyze documents from designated countries using AI and other technologies. Requires a board to oversee, appoints members from relevant government agencies, and mandates cooperation with U.S. and foreign entities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年开放翻译中心法案", "description_zh": "建立开放翻译中心，利用人工智能等技术翻译和分析来自指定国家的文件。需要一个董事会进行监督，任命相关政府机构的成员，并要求与美国和外国实体合作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advanced Weather Model Computing Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1715", "description": "Directs the Department of Energy and NOAA to collaborate on AI and high-performance computing for climate and weather modeling. Establishes competitive processes, data sharing, and infrastructure improvements, with progress reports required two years post-enactment. Termination occurs five years post-enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高级天气模型计算发展法案", "description_zh": "指示能源部和 NOAA 在气候和天气建模的人工智能和高性能计算方面进行合作。建立竞争流程、数据共享和基础设施改进，并要求在颁布两年后提交进度报告。终止发生在颁布五年后。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of State Authorization Act of 2023, Sec. 931 (\"Priority for Australia and the United Kingdom in Foreign Military Sales and Direct Commercial Sales\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2043", "description": "Establishes expedited processing for AI technology transfers to Australia, the UK, and Canada under AUKUS. Requires anticipatory release policy for AI and related technologies in military sales. Mandates interagency review and update of related policies and guidance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年国务院授权法第 2 节931（“澳大利亚和英国在对外军事销售和直接商业销售方面的优先权”）", "description_zh": "根据 AUKUS 建立向澳大利亚、英国和加拿大转让人工智能技术的快速处理流程。要求在军售中对人工智能及相关技术制定预期发布政策。授权机构间审查和更新相关政策和指南。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Promoting Precision Agriculture Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1697", "description": "Requires the secretary to work with the Director of the National Institute of Standard and Technology and the Federal Communication Commission to develop percussion of agriculture and practices to approach new precision agriculture with private company standards. Mandates a study every 2 years and then the following 8 years to ensure these standards are up to date. These studies are voluntary and the coordination with the consensus standard is voluntary. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年精准农业促进法", "description_zh": "要求部长与国家标准技术研究所和联邦通信委员会主任合作，开发农业打击和实践，以实现符合私营公司标准的新型精准农业。强制要求每 2 年进行一次研究，然后在接下来的 8 年进行一次研究，以确保这些标准是最新的。这些研究是自愿的，并且与共识标准的协调也是自愿的。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Solving the Border Crisis Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/716", "description": "Resumes border wall construction and requires compliance with DNA collection laws. Disapproves rule change on asylum claims. Amends treatment for aliens from contiguous territories to ensure return or detention. Sets minimum staffing levels for immigration enforcement and detention facilities funding.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "解决边境危机法案", "description_zh": "恢复边境墙建设并要求遵守 DNA 采集法。不赞成改变庇护申请规则。修改对来自邻近领土的外国人的待遇，以确保遣返或拘留。设定移民执法和拘留设施资金的最低人员配备水平。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Strategy to Utilize Microreactors for Natural Disaster Response Efforts Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1009", "description": "Requires the President to develop a national strategy for using microreactors in natural disaster response. Involves consultation with multiple federal agencies and includes assessments, goals, and recommendations for deploying microreactors efficiently and safely, emphasizing technological integration and partnerships.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "利用微反应器应对自然灾害的国家战略法案", "description_zh": "要求总统制定一项在自然灾害应对中使用微反应器的国家战略。涉及与多个联邦机构的协商，包括有效、安全地部署微反应器的评估、目标和建议，强调技术整合和伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Forest Data Modernization Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1743", "description": "Amends the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act to integrate AI and advanced technologies, including machine learning, for enhanced forest data collection and analysis. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年森林数据现代化法案", "description_zh": "修订《森林和牧场可再生资源研究法案》，整合人工智能和机器学习等先进技术，以增强森林数据收集和分析。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Know Your App Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1732", "description": "Requires application stores to prominently display the primary country of origin for each application. Allows users to filter or receive disclaimers for apps from concerning countries. Requires the Treasury and Commerce Secretaries to submit to Congress a list of foreign countries that subject app developers to control by the government of the country over content moderation, algorithm design, or user data transfers.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "了解您的应用程序行为", "description_zh": "要求应用程序商店突出显示每个应用程序的主要来源国家/地区。允许用户过滤或接收来自相关国家/地区的应用程序的免责声明。要求财政部长和商务部长向国会提交一份外国国家名单，要求应用程序开发商在内容审核、算法设计或用户数据传输方面受到该国政府的控制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Drone and Advanced Air Mobility Research and Development Act, Title II (\"National Drone and Advanced Air Mobility Research Institutes\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3560", "description": "Establishes a program to fund Institutes focusing on unmanned aircraft systems, including AI research. Encourages partnerships, supports interdisciplinary education, and requires data management strategies. Allocates $5 million annually for 2024-2028. Prioritizes merit-based selection and avoids duplicative efforts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家无人机和先进空中交通研究与发展法案，第二章（“国家无人机和先进空中交通研究所”）", "description_zh": "制定一项计划，资助专注于无人机系统（包括人工智能研究）的研究所。鼓励伙伴关系，支持跨学科教育，并需要数据管理策略。 2024-2028 年每年拨款 500 万美元。优先考虑择优选择并避免重复工作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, Sec. 909 (\"Requirement to Ensure Intelligence Community Directives Appropriately Account for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Tools in Intelligence Products\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3932", "description": "Requires the Director of National Intelligence to brief Congress on AI and machine learning guidance in intelligence products within 120 days. Determines whether existing directives provide sufficient guidance and whether updates are necessary, including explanations or update plans and timelines.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 财年情报授权法第 2 节909（“确保情报界指令适当考虑情报产品中的人工智能和机器学习工具的要求”）", "description_zh": "要求国家情报总监在 120 天内向国会通报情报产品中的人工智能和机器学习指导。确定现有指令是否提供足够的指导以及是否需要更新，包括解释或更新计划和时间表。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, Sec. 906 (\"Programs for Next-Generation Microelectronics in Support of Artificial Intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3932", "description": "Establishes a program to advance microelectronics research supporting AI that focuses on next-generation computing models and overcoming microelectronics challenges. Requires collaboration with government, academia, and industry, and mandates regular congressional briefings on progress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 财年情报授权法第 2 节906（“支持人工智能的下一代微电子计划”）", "description_zh": "制定一项计划，推进支持人工智能的微电子研究，重点关注下一代计算模型和克服微电子挑战。需要与政府、学术界和工业界合作，并要求定期向国会通报进展情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 502 (\"National Integrated Drought Information System\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6093", "description": "Amends the National Integrated Drought Information System to include AI, machine learning, and cloud technologies for drought monitoring and forecasting. Establishes partnerships for coordinated drought information and updates modeling to probabilistic forecasts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年天气法重新授权法第 2 节502（“国家综合干旱信息系统”）", "description_zh": "修订国家综合干旱信息系统，纳入用于干旱监测和预报的人工智能、机器学习和云技术。建立合作伙伴关系以协调干旱信息并更新概率预测模型。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 402 (\"Hazardous Weather or Water Event Risk Communication\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6093", "description": "Improves NOAA's communication system for hazardous weather risks using social, behavioral, and AI research. Coordinates with governmental and educational partners to ensure timely, consistent public information dissemination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年天气法重新授权法第 2 节402（“危险天气或水事件风险沟通”）", "description_zh": "利用社会、行为和人工智能研究改进 NOAA 针对危险天气风险的通信系统。与政府和教育合作伙伴协调，确保及时、一致的公共信息传播。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 304 (\"Data Assimilation, Management, and Sharing Practices\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6093", "description": "Establishes data standards and infrastructure to support open science and efficient data transfer, including AI for data assimilation. Forms a consortium to advance data assimilation research and workforce development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年天气法重新授权法第 2 节304（“数据同化、管理和共享实践”）", "description_zh": "建立数据标准和基础设施，以支持开放科学和高效的数据传输，包括用于数据同化的人工智能。成立一个联盟来推进数据同化研究和劳动力发展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 116(f) (\"National Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Observing Network\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6093", "description": "Integrates Federal, State, regional, and local capabilities to establish a national network for harmful algal bloom monitoring, incorporating artificial intelligence. Establishes a Harmful Algal Bloom Data Assembly Center for data integration and ecological forecasting support.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年天气法重新授权法第 2 节116(f)（“国家有害藻华和缺氧观测网络”）", "description_zh": "整合联邦、州、地区和地方的能力，建立一个纳入人工智能的有害藻华监测国家网络。建立有害藻华数据整合中心，提供数据整合和生态预测支持。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Act Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 108 (\"Computing Resources Prioritization\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6093", "description": "Requires the Under Secretary and Secretary of Energy to leverage AI and machine learning for NOAA's missions. Establishes centers of excellence for AI advancements. Mandates a report evaluating initiative effectiveness and needs for computing collaboration with the Department of Energy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年天气法重新授权法第 2 节108（“计算资源优先级”）", "description_zh": "要求副部长和能源部长利用人工智能和机器学习来执行 NOAA 的任务。建立人工智能进步卓越中心。授权提交一份报告，评估计划的有效性以及与能源部的计算合作需求。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Counseling for Career Choice Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7395", "description": "Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act to enhance career counseling, including using AI for career development. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "职业选择咨询法", "description_zh": "修订《中小学教育法》以加强职业咨询，包括利用人工智能进行职业发展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Drone and Advanced Air Mobility Research and Development Act, Title VI (\"Department of Energy Activities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3560", "description": "Advances unmanned aircraft systems and AI technologies through research, education, and financial support. Establishes data management strategies and interagency coordination. Allocates funding from fiscal years 2024 to 2028 for eligible entities to enhance DOE missions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家无人机和先进空中交通研究与发展法案，第六章（“能源活动部”）", "description_zh": "通过研究、教育和财政支持推进无人机系统和人工智能技术。建立数据管理策略和机构间协调。为符合条件的实体分配 2024 至 2028 财年的资金，以加强能源部的使命。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Drone and Advanced Air Mobility Research and Development Act, Title IV (\"National Science Foundation Activities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3560", "description": "Supports research and education on AI integration into advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft, encouraging ethical use, cybersecurity, data management, and workforce development. Establishes partnerships and coordinates with agencies to enhance domestic development, allocating specific funds through 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家无人机和先进空中交通研究与发展法案，第四章（“国家科学基金会活动”）", "description_zh": "支持人工智能与先进空中机动和无人机集成的研究和教育，鼓励道德使用、网络安全、数据管理和劳动力发展。与各机构建立伙伴关系并进行协调，以促进国内发展，并在 2028 年之前分配专项资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Food and Agriculture Industry Cybersecurity Support Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2393", "description": "Establishes a cybersecurity clearinghouse for the food and agriculture industry. Requires consolidation of cybersecurity recommendations and consultations with various stakeholders. Mandates a study on federal efforts to improve industry cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "食品和农业行业网络安全支持法", "description_zh": "为食品和农业行业建立网络安全信息交换所。需要整合网络安全建议并与各利益相关者进行协商。授权对联邦政府改善行业网络安全的努力进行研究。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "American Privacy Rights Act of 2024, Sec. 114-5", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8818", "description": "Establishes a pilot program to promote privacy-enhancing technologies like homomorphic encryption and federated learning. Requires development of a petition process and an auditing system for oversight. Mandates ongoing audits and allows withdrawal for non-compliance. Provides liability limitations for compliant participants.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年美国隐私权法案第 2 节114-5", "description_zh": "建立试点计划以推广同态加密和联邦学习等隐私增强技术。需要制定请愿程序和监督审计系统。强制要求进行持续审计并允许因不合规而撤销。为合规参与者提供责任限制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Comment Integrity and Management Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7528", "description": "Amends the E-Government Act to require verification of human origin for electronic comments, identify mass and AI-generated comments, and allow agencies to post representative samples. Directs OMB to issue guidance for managing these comments and mandates policy updates.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "评论 2024 年诚信与管理法", "description_zh": "修订《电子政务法》，要求验证电子评论的人类来源，识别大量和人工智能生成的评论，并允许各机构发布代表性样本。指示 OMB 发布管理这些评论的指南并强制更新政策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Strategy for Public Health Preparedness and Response to Artificial Intelligence Threats", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2346", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to develop and report to Congress a strategy addressing AI misuse threats to national health security. Involves public health preparedness, identifying gaps, and mitigating risks like biological weapons.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共卫生准备和应对人工智能威胁的战略", "description_zh": "要求卫生与公众服务部部长制定并向国会报告一项战略，以解决人工智能滥用对国家健康安全的威胁。涉及公共卫生准备、找出差距以及减轻生物武器等风险。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Online Privacy Act of 2023, Sec. 106 (\"Right to individual autonomy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2701", "description": "Prohibits collecting, processing, maintaining, or disclosing personal information for behavioral personalization without consent. Requires annual consent renewals. Mandates non-personalized versions if consent is denied. Allows service denial if non-personalization is infeasible. Exempts small businesses.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Privacy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年在线隐私法第 2 节106（“个人自治权”）", "description_zh": "未经同意，禁止出于行为个性化目的收集、处理、维护或披露个人信息。需要每年更新同意书。如果拒绝同意，则强制使用非个性化版本。如果非个性化不可行，则允许拒绝服务。豁免小企业。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "21st Century Peace through Strength Act, Division D (\"Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8038", "description": "Prohibits entities from distributing, maintaining, or updating foreign adversary-controlled applications in the U.S. Requires user data portability before prohibition. Allows civil penalties for violations. Permits exemptions for qualified divestitures and necessary services. Grants judicial review in D.C. Circuit.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《21 世纪通过力量实现和平》法案 D 部分（“保护美国人免受外国对手控制应用程序侵害法案”）", "description_zh": "禁止实体在美国分发、维护或更新外国对手控制的应用程序。在禁止之前要求用户数据可移植。允许对违规行为进行民事处罚。允许豁免合格的剥离和必要的服务。授予华盛顿特区巡回法院司法审查权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Water Infrastructure Modernization Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3490", "description": "Amends the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and Safe Drinking Water Act to authorize grants for smart wastewater and smart water infrastructure technology. Supports AI and intelligent optimization tools to improve water systems' efficiency, reliability, and decision-making.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年水基础设施现代化法案", "description_zh": "修订《联邦水污染控制法》和《安全饮用水法》，授权资助智能废水和智能水基础设施技术。支持人工智能和智能优化工具，提高水系统的效率、可靠性和决策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "HEARTS Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1024", "description": "Prioritizes nonanimal methods in NIH-supported research proposals; establishes the National Center for Alternatives to Animals in Research and Testing to promote nonanimal research methods, including AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 年《红心法案》", "description_zh": "在 NIH 支持的研究提案中优先考虑非动物方法；建立国家动物替代品研究和测试中心，以推广包括人工智能在内的非动物研究方法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of Defense Financial Audits Using Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7603", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to use AI technology for auditing the Department of Defense's 2024 financial statements. Requires AI development to improve audits and replace outdated systems. Mandates surplus funds' rescission and briefing on audit progress and AI technology.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国防部使用人工智能进行财务审计法案", "description_zh": "指示国防部长使用人工智能技术审计国防部 2024 年财务报表。需要人工智能开发来改进审计并替换过时的系统。强制撤销盈余资金并通报审计进展和人工智能技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Drone and Advanced Air Mobility Research and Development Act, Title VII (\"Department of Homeland Security Activities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3560", "description": "Establishes research support for advanced air mobility and unmanned aircraft systems, emphasizing cybersecurity, safety, and data management. Creates a Counter-UAS Center of Excellence. Allocates funding for research, development, and coordination with federal agencies to prevent duplicative efforts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Education", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《国家无人机和先进空中机动研究与发展法案》第七章（“国土安全部活动”）", "description_zh": "为先进空中机动和无人机系统提供研究支持，强调网络安全、安全和数据管理。创建反无人机卓越中心。为研究、开发以及与联邦机构的协调分配资金，以防止重复工作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Fraudulent Artificial Intelligence Regulations (FAIR) Elections Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4714", "description": "Prohibits knowingly distributing false AI-generated election media to mislead voters or intimidate officials. Exempts certain media organizations if falsehoods are clearly disclosed. Authorizes the Attorney General to enforce violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Incentives: Civil liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年欺诈性人工智能法规 (FAIR) 选举法", "description_zh": "禁止故意分发人工智能生成的虚假选举媒体来误导选民或恐吓官员。如果明确披露虚假信息，某些媒体机构将获得豁免。授权总检察长强制执行违法行为。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AREA Act, Part B (\"National Center for Education Research\"), Sec. 133 (\"Duties\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3392", "description": "Amends duties of the Research Commissioner to support AI and digital literacy research, coordinate evidence use, and advance educational technology. Mandates AI-focused studies on educational technology, including developing evidence-based practices and supporting research-practice partnerships with AI considerations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AREA 法案，B 部分（“国家教育研究中心”），第 2 节133（“职责”）", "description_zh": "修改研究专员的职责，以支持人工智能和数字素养研究、协调证据使用和推进教育技术。要求对教育技术进行以人工智能为重点的研究，包括开发基于证据的实践并支持考虑人工智能的研究与实践伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Tech to Save Moms Act, Sec. 5 (\"Report on the Use of Technology in Maternity Care\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5066", "description": "Requires the National Academies to study AI's role in maternal health care, examine biases, and devise best practices for bias reduction, privacy, and security. Mandates reporting to Congress within 24 months of enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科技拯救妈妈法案，第二节5（“产妇护理技术使用报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国家科学院研究人工智能在孕产妇保健中的作用，检查偏见，并设计减少偏见、隐私和安全的最佳实践。授权在颁布后 24 个月内向国会报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "LISTOS Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3806", "description": "Requires large online platforms to ensure consistent enforcement of content moderation, including through automated processes, across languages. Mandates disclosures on processes, establishes an advisory group, authorizes enforcement by the Federal Trade Commission or State Attorneys General, and establishes a pilot program for international research, including tool development, to address non-English online communication inciting harm. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "清单法", "description_zh": "需要大型在线平台来确保跨语言一致地执行内容审核，包括通过自动化流程。强制披露流程，建立咨询小组，授权联邦贸易委员会或州总检察长执行，并建立国际研究试点计划（包括工具开发），以解决煽动伤害的非英语在线交流问题。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "RESTRICT Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/686", "description": "Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce to identify, prohibit, and mitigate risks from foreign adversary transactions and holdings involving AI, ICT, and other critical technologies, and allows the President to order divestment when such investments threaten national security.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "限制法", "description_zh": "授权商务部长识别、禁止和减轻涉及人工智能、信息通信技术和其他关键技术的外国对手交易和持有的风险，并允许总统在此类投资威胁国家安全时下令撤资。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Weather Information for Agriculture Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4373", "description": "Advances the use of AI and machine learning for drought forecasting, strengthens federal drought and soil-moisture monitoring networks, and establishes partnerships for nationwide drought information. Optimizes federal data for drought indicators and authorizes funding for technology upgrades and national soil moisture monitoring.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "农业天气信息法", "description_zh": "推进人工智能和机器学习在干旱预报中的应用，加强联邦干旱和土壤湿度监测网络，并建立全国干旱信息合作伙伴关系。优化干旱指标的联邦数据，并授权为技术升级和国家土壤湿度监测提供资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Data Science and Literacy Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1050", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Education to award competitive grants to enhance data literacy education, including areas such as data science, statistics, and AI, from pre-kindergarten through postsecondary levels. Supports curriculum development, educator training, student support, and partnerships with industry and educational institutions, with reporting and evaluation requirements. Authorizes $10 million annually from 2024 to 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年数据科学和素养法案", "description_zh": "指示教育部长提供竞争性拨款，以加强数据素养教育，包括从学前班到中学后的数据科学、统计和人工智能等领域。支持课程开发、教育工作者培训、学生支持以及与行业和教育机构的合作，并满足报告和评估要求。从 2024 年到 2028 年，每年授权 1000 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "“Managing Active and Reserve Tech Talent Effectively Act of 2023”", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1123", "description": "Establishes a policy to build human capital infrastructure for AI, coding, and computer programming skills across the Armed Forces. Requires alignment of career fields with AI-related work roles, assessment and tracking of skilled personnel, and use of reserve component members’ civilian AI expertise. Mandates implementation plans and ongoing reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2023 年有效管理活跃和储备技术人才法案》", "description_zh": "制定一项政策，为整个武装部队的人工智能、编码和计算机编程技能建设人力资本基础设施。需要将职业领域与人工智能相关的工作角色相结合，对技术人员进行评估和跟踪，并利用预备役成员的民用人工智能专业知识。授权实施计划并持续向国会报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Wildfire Technology Demonstration, Evaluation, Modernization, and Optimization Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4235", "description": "Establishes a wildfire technology testbed pilot program prioritizing emerging technologies including AI. Requires collaboration with federal agencies and private entities to test and report on new technologies for wildfire prevention, detection, and mitigation over four years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "野火技术示范、评估、现代化和优化法案", "description_zh": "建立野火技术测试平台试点计划，优先考虑人工智能等新兴技术。需要与联邦机构和私营实体合作，在四年内测试和报告用于野火预防、检测和缓解的新技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "DOE and NASA Interagency Research Coordination Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2988", "description": "Authorize collaborative research between the Department of Energy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, including on machine learning, and collaborative data and infrastructure usage. Requires the DoE and NASA to report to Congress, within two years, on interagency research and development conducted.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部和美国宇航局机构间研究协调法", "description_zh": "授权能源部和美国国家航空航天局之间的合作研究，包括机器学习、协作数据和基础设施使用。要求美国能源部和美国宇航局在两年内向国会报告机构间研究和开发的情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "HOME Act of 2024, Sec. 7 (Identification of Unfair Screening Practices)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3561", "description": "Establishes a program to identify unfair rental housing screening practices using algorithms. Requires annual reporting to Congress on collected information regarding these practices, including background checks and tenant income evaluations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 HOME 法案第 2 节7（不公平筛查行为的识别）", "description_zh": "建立一个计划，使用算法识别不公平的租赁住房筛查做法。要求每年向国会报告收集到的有关这些做法的信息，包括背景调查和租户收入评估。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "FAA Research and Development Act of 2023, Sec. 215 (\"Air Traffic Control Training\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3559", "description": "Requires the assessment of AI, machine learning, and other technologies to improve air traffic control training. Develops a deployment timeline for these technologies. Involves collaboration with stakeholders. Obligates a report to Congress within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年 FAA 研究与发展法案第 2 节215（“空中交通管制培训”）", "description_zh": "需要对人工智能、机器学习和其他技术进行评估，以改进空中交通管制培训。制定这些技术的部署时间表。涉及与利益相关者的合作。有义务在一年内向国会提交报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "FAA Research and Development Act of 2023, Sec. 210 (\"Technology review of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3559", "description": "Requires the Administrator to review AI and machine learning technologies for airport efficiency and safety. Includes examination of jet bridges, airport service vehicles, aircraft taxi, and other areas. Mandates a report to Congress within one year, including China's AI applications.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年 FAA 研究与发展法案第 2 节210（《人工智能和机器学习技术的技术综述》）", "description_zh": "要求管理员审查人工智能和机器学习技术，以提高机场效率和安全性。包括对登机桥、机场服务车辆、飞机出租车和其他区域的检查。要求在一年内向国会提交报告，其中包括中国的人工智能应用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9197/text", "description": "Amends the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act to develop, update, and disseminate AI resources for small businesses, ensuring applicability, promoting understanding, including case studies, and aligning with international standards. Requires biennial reviews, voluntary usage, and reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "小企业人工智能促进法案", "description_zh": "修订《国家标准与技术研究所法》，为小型企业开发、更新和传播人工智能资源，确保适用性、促进理解（包括案例研究）并与国际标准保持一致。需要每两年进行一次审查、自愿使用并向国会报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preventing PLA Acquisition of United States Technology Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2993", "description": "Prohibits federal entities from partnering or collaborating with specific Chinese institutions (that engage in on technologies, including AI. Requires creating a website listing these technologies and entities. Demands annual reports and audits on research relationships with said Chinese entities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Input controls" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年防止解放军获取美国技术法案", "description_zh": "禁止联邦实体与特定的中国机构（从事包括人工智能在内的技术）建立伙伴关系或合作。要求创建一个列出这些技术和实体的网站。要求对与所述中国实体的研究关系进行年度报告和审计。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Response Act, Sec. 407 (\"Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Threats to Health Security\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2333", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to contract the National Academies to assess AI vulnerabilities, including open-source and large language models, to health security. Includes roles, responsibilities, and risk mitigation recommendations. Mandates initial and follow-up implementation reports from the National Academies to Congress on findings and subsequent health security actions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "流行病和各种灾害的准备和响应法，第 2 节407（“人工智能对健康安全的威胁评估”）", "description_zh": "要求卫生与公众服务部部长与国家科学院签订合同，评估人工智能对健康安全的漏洞，包括开源和大型语言模型。包括角色、职责和风险缓解建议。授权国家科学院向国会提交关于调查结果和后续健康安全行动的初步和后续实施报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Novel, Advanced Spectrum and Communications Technology Networks Promotion Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4504", "description": "Requires the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information to support the establishment and implementation of technologies for electromagnetic spectrum management, including artificial intelligence systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新颖、先进的频谱和通信技术网络促进法案", "description_zh": "要求负责通信和信息的助理商务部长支持电磁频谱管理技术的建立和实施，包括人工智能系统。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advanced Aviation Integration Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1888", "description": "Designates the FAA Deputy Administrator to lead the integration of advanced aviation systems, establishes the Office of Advanced Integration, and creates the Advanced Aviation Coordination Unit to strengthen oversight, certification, and collaboration on unmanned and emerging aviation technologies within the national airspace.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "先进航空一体化法案", "description_zh": "指定美国联邦航空局副局长领导先进航空系统的整合，建立高级整合办公室，并创建先进航空协调单位，以加强国家空域内无人驾驶和新兴航空技术的监督、认证和合作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, Sec. 16 (\"Department of Energy Quantum Information Science Research Program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6213", "description": "Amends the National Quantum Initiative Act to require the Department of Energy to enhance quantum information science research, including AI integration, through new research centers, strategic planning, and industry outreach, with up to $130 million annually authorized through 2027.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家量子计划重新授权法案，第 2 节16（“能源部量子信息科学研究计划”）", "description_zh": "修订《国家量子计划法案》，要求能源部通过新的研究中心、战略规划和行业推广，加强量子信息科学研究，包括人工智能集成，到 2027 年每年授权高达 1.3 亿美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advancing Nuclear Regulatory Oversight Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6346", "description": "Directs the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to evaluate and integrate advanced technologies, including AI and machine learning, into nuclear oversight and inspection processes. Requires reports to Congress and stakeholder consultation to enhance risk-informed, performance-based regulation and operational efficiency.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进核监管法案", "description_zh": "指示核管理委员会 (NRC) 评估先进技术，包括人工智能和机器学习，并将其整合到核监督和检查流程中。需要向国会提交报告并与利益相关者协商，以加强风险知情、基于绩效的监管和运营效率。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Stop Spying Bosses Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/262", "description": "Requires employers to disclose AI-driven workplace surveillance details and prohibits using AI to predict non-work behavior. Establishes a Privacy and Technology Division for oversight. Enables private rights of action and whistleblower protections. Mandates coordination with federal and state agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "停止监视老板法案", "description_zh": "要求雇主披露人工智能驱动的工作场所监控细节，并禁止使用人工智能来预测非工作行为。设立隐私和技术部门进行监督。实现私人诉讼权和举报人保护。授权与联邦和州机构进行协调。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Diversify Tech Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7314", "description": "Establishes a task force within the Department of Commerce to promote diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) in the tech industry. Evaluates AI's role in DEIA, monitors minority treatment, and reports on layoffs and DEIA progress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科技多元化法案", "description_zh": "在商务部内设立一个工作组，以促进科技行业的多样性、公平性、包容性和可及性 (DEIA)。评估人工智能在 DEIA 中的作用，监控少数族裔待遇，并报告裁员和 DEIA 进展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Small Business Broadband and Emerging Information Technology Enhancement Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2677", "description": "Designates a coordinator to assist small businesses in adopting AI and emerging technologies, requiring collaboration with federal agencies. Mandates biennial reports on broadband's impact on small businesses, and updates training for SBA employees on AI technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年小型企业宽带和新兴信息技术增强法案", "description_zh": "指定一名协调员协助小型企业采用人工智能和新兴技术，需要与联邦机构合作。规定每两年报告宽带对小型企业的影响，并更新对 SBA 员工的人工智能技术培训。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2892", "description": "Directs the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to issue rules requiring “covered entities” to conduct, document, and submit impact assessments for automated decision systems used in critical decisions (e.g., jobs, credit, housing, health, education). Requires initial and annual summary reports, stakeholder consultation, testing for performance and fairness, and mitigation of likely material harms resulting from automated decision systems. Creates an FTC Bureau of Technology, builds a public repository of summaries, redefines violations under the FTC Act, and authorizes state attorney general enforcement.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年算法问责法案", "description_zh": "指示联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布规则，要求“相关实体”对关键决策（例如就业、信贷、住房、健康、教育）中使用的自动决策系统进行、记录和提交影响评估。需要初始和年度总结报告、利益相关者咨询、性能和公平性测试，以及减轻自动化决策系统可能造​​成的重大损害。创建联邦贸易委员会技术局，建立公共摘要存储库，根据联邦贸易委员会法案重新定义违规行为，并授权州总检察长执行。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Allied Collaboration for Crucial Operations, Research, and Development Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5058/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to submit a strategy for enhancing AI-driven defense collaboration with Middle Eastern allies. Establishes a forum for combatant commands to coordinate AI tools and training. Mandates reporting to Congress on progress and recommendations for legislative action.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年关键运营、研究和开发人工智能联盟合作法案", "description_zh": "要求国防部长提交一项战略，以加强与中东盟友的人工智能驱动的防务合作。为作战司令部建立一个论坛，以协调人工智能工具和培训。授权向国会报告立法行动的进展和建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Strengthening Consumer Protections and Medical Debt Transparency Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2483", "description": "Establishes a public database for medical debt collection, requiring health care entities to report debt collection practices. Prohibits extraordinary collection actions during pending insurance appeals or before determining patient eligibility for assistance. Requires detailed patient billing information and imposes penalties for non-compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加强消费者保护和医疗债务透明度法案", "description_zh": "建立医疗债务催收公共数据库，要求医疗机构报告债务催收实践。禁止在未决保险上诉期间或确定患者获得援助的资格之前采取非常规催收行动。要求提供详细的患者账单信息并对违规行为实施处罚。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Deploying American Blockchains Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6572", "description": "Designates the Secretary of Commerce as principal advisor on blockchain and AI policy. Requires development of policies addressing AI-related risks in blockchain. Promotes U.S. leadership and competitiveness in blockchain and AI integration. Establishes advisory committees and reports to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年美国区块链部署法案", "description_zh": "指定商务部长作为区块链和人工智能政策的首席顾问。需要制定解决区块链中人工智能相关风险的政策。提升美国在区块链和人工智能融合方面的领导地位和竞争力。设立咨询委员会并向国会报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Public Awareness and Education Campaign Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4596", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Commerce to launch a nationwide public education campaign on artificial intelligence. On the campaign, they must explain its benefits, risks, and everyday uses. They must also promote public understanding of AI-generated media and fraud risks, and call for reporting key performance indicators to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能公众意识和教育运动法", "description_zh": "要求商务部长发起全国范围内的人工智能公众教育活动。在活动中，他们必须解释其好处、风险和日常用途。他们还必须促进公众对人工智能生成的媒体和欺诈风险的了解，并呼吁向国会报告关键绩效指标。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of Peacebuilding Act of 2023, Sec. 107 (\"Office of Technology for Peace\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1111", "description": "Directs the Department of State to give grants to researchers and developers of AI for the public good as well as researchers who prioritize safety and fair use of AI", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年建设和平部法，第 2 节107（“和平技术办公室”）", "description_zh": "指示国务院向致力于公共利益的人工智能研究人员和开发人员以及优先考虑人工智能安全和公平使用的研究人员提供资助" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Computer Science for All Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4174", "description": "Expands access to computer science (CS) education nationwide, including instruction in AI and computational thinking. Authorizes the Department of Education to fund grants supporting AI-related curriculum, teaching training, and equitable participation in CS programs. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年全民计算机科学法案", "description_zh": "在全国范围内扩大计算机科学 (CS) 教育的范围，包括人工智能和计算思维的教学。授权教育部提供资助，支持人工智能相关课程、教学培训和公平参与计算机科学项目。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "CREATE AI Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2714", "description": "Establishes the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (NAIRR) to democratize access to AI resources, enhance U.S. AI research capacity, and foster diverse talent. Creates a steering subcommittee and program office to oversee governance, resource allocation, and compliance with privacy and ethical standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年创造人工智能法案", "description_zh": "建立国家人工智能研究资源（NAIRR），以实现人工智能资源的民主化、增强美国人工智能研究能力并培养多元化人才。创建指导小组委员会和项目办公室，以监督治理、资源分配以及隐私和道德标准的遵守情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Do Not Disturb Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7116", "description": "This bill requires robocalls and text messages to clearly disclose at the start when artifical intelligence is being used to mimic a human voice so recipients know when they are intereacting with AI. the bill also gives double the penalties for scams that rely on AI impersonation. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "请勿打扰法案", "description_zh": "该法案要求自动呼叫和短信在人工智能被用来模仿人类声音时从一开始就清楚地披露，以便接收者知道他们何时与人工智能交互。该法案还对依赖人工智能冒充的诈骗行为加倍处罚。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Medicare Transaction Fraud Prevention Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3630", "description": "Establishes a two-year pilot program using predictive risk-scoring algorithms for oversight of Medicare payments. Requires testing, evaluation, and review considering AI ethics guidelines. Authorizes human review of transactions flagged by algorithms. Permits intervention in high-risk transactions, including notifications and potential Medicare card terminations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "医疗保险交易欺诈预防法", "description_zh": "建立一个为期两年的试点计划，使用预测风险评分算法来监督医疗保险支付。需要考虑人工智能道德准则进行测试、评估和审查。授权对算法标记的交易进行人工审查。允许干预高风险交易，包括通知和潜在的医疗保险卡终止。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "No AI FRAUD Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6943", "description": "Establishes property rights in likeness and voice, transferable post-mortem for ten years. Prohibits unauthorized cloning and replicas, imposing liabilities. Specifies damages per violation. Allows punitive damages and attorney fees. Provides First Amendment defense. Exempts negligible harm. Sets four-year limitations period.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无人工智能欺诈法案", "description_zh": "建立肖像和声音的财产权，可在事后转让十年。禁止未经授权的克隆和复制，追究责任。指定每次违规的损害赔偿。允许惩罚性赔偿和律师费。提供第一修正案辩护。免除可忽略不计的伤害。设定四年限制期。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "DOE and NSF Interagency Research Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2980", "description": "Facilitates collaborative AI research between the Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, focusing on machine learning, data analytics, and computational advancements. Requires interagency agreements and promotes data sharing, infrastructure support, and STEM education initiatives.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国能源部和美国国家科学基金会跨部门研究法案", "description_zh": "促进能源部和国家科学基金会之间的协作人工智能研究，重点关注机器学习、数据分析和计算进步。需要机构间协议并促进数据共享、基础设施支持和 STEM 教育计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Combating Cartels on Social Media Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2393", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to assess and counter cartel recruitment on social media by developing a national strategy, consulting with operators and communities, creating reporting mechanisms, and designating an official within CBP to manage and share intelligence", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年打击社交媒体卡特尔法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长通过制定国家战略、与运营商和社区协商、建立报告机制以及在 CBP 内指定一名官员来管理和共享情报来评估和打击社交媒体上的卡特尔招募行为" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Antisemitism Act, Sec. 8 (Online Antisemitism, Holocaust Denial, and Distortion)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4091", "description": "Requires the National Coordinator to conduct annual studies on online antisemitism, including Holocaust denial and distortion. Recommends transparency in algorithms, content moderation, and platform accountability. Submits reports to specific Senate and House committees for 10 years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "打击反犹太主义法，第 2 节8（网上反犹太主义、否认大屠杀和歪曲事实）", "description_zh": "要求国家协调员对网络反犹太主义进行年度研究，包括否认和歪曲大屠杀。建议算法、内容审核和平台问责制的透明度。向特定的参议院和众议院委员会提交报告，为期 10 年。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Small Business Artificial Intelligence Training Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4487", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Commerce to develop AI training resources for small businesses, including those in rural and underserved areas. Mandates annual review and updates of resources. Allows grants for AI training. Terminates the program after three years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年小型企业人工智能培训法案", "description_zh": "要求商务部长为小型企业（包括农村和服务欠缺地区的企业）开发人工智能培训资源。要求对资源进行年度审查和更新。允许资助人工智能培训。三年后终止该计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2023, Sec. 14 (\"Automation and Artificial Intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2251", "description": "Requires the Director to issue AI guidance for agency cybersecurity improvement. Mandates annual AI cybersecurity reports to Congress. Orders the Comptroller General to report on AI-related privacy and cybersecurity risks, and study AI's role in federal cybersecurity automation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年联邦信息安全现代化法案第 2 节14（“自动化和人工智能”）", "description_zh": "要求局长发布人工智能改进机构网络安全指南。授权向国会提交年度人工智能网络安全报告。命令总审计长报告与人工智能相关的隐私和网络安全风险，并研究人工智能在联邦网络安全自动化中的作用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protect Working Musicians Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5576", "description": "Limits liability under antitrust laws for Individual Music Creator Owners who collectively negotiate or refuse licensing to Dominant Online Music Distribution Platforms or companies developing or deploying generative AI. Specifies conditions for collective negotiations, ensuring consistency with antitrust laws.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年保护职业音乐家法案", "description_zh": "限制集体谈判或拒绝向主导在线音乐发行平台或开发或部署生成人工智能的公司授予许可的个人音乐创作者所有者根据反垄断法承担的责任。规定集体谈判的条件，确保符合反垄断法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "REAL Political Advertisements Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3044", "description": "Requires political advertisements containing images or video generated with artificial intelligence to include clear disclaimers. Directs the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to define AI-generated content, issue implementing regulations, and report on compliance and enforcement.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "真正的政治广告法", "description_zh": "要求包含人工智能生成的图像或视频的政治广告包含明确的免责声明。指示联邦选举委员会 (FEC) 定义人工智能生成的内容、发布实施条例并报告合规性和执行情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Facial Recognition Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6092", "description": "Regulates law enforcement use of facial recognition by requiring court orders, protecting civil rights, and mandating transparency. Prohibits reliance on facial recognition alone for arrests, requires accuracy and bias testing, and establishes reporting, auditing, and public notice requirements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年面部识别法案", "description_zh": "通过要求法院命令、保护公民权利和强制透明度来规范执法部门对面部识别的使用。禁止仅依靠面部识别进行逮捕，要求进行准确性和偏见测试，并建立报告、审计和公告要求。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9720", "description": "Directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology to update the National Vulnerability Database for AI vulnerabilities and assess voluntary reporting of significant AI security and safety incidents. Requires multi-stakeholder collaboration to evaluate and develop definitions, standards, guidelines, and reporting mechanisms for incident tracking.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能事件报告和安全增强法案", "description_zh": "指示美国国家标准与技术研究所更新国家人工智能漏洞漏洞数据库，并评估重大人工智能安全事件的自愿报告。需要多利益相关者协作来评估和开发事件跟踪的定义、标准、指南和报告机制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Literacy Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6791", "description": "Amends the Digital Equity Act to promote AI literacy by establishing grants for AI education in schools, community colleges, and higher education. Supports teacher training, lab development, and virtual learning platforms and requires annual Congressional reports on AI education initiatives.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能素养法案", "description_zh": "修订《数字股权法》，通过为学校、社区学院和高等教育机构的人工智能教育提供补助金，以促进人工智能素养。支持教师培训、实验室开发和虚拟学习平台，并要求国会就人工智能教育计划提交年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Transparency in Elections Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3875/text", "description": "Amends the Federal Election Campaign Act to require clear disclaimers on political ads using AI-generated content. Imposes penalties for non-compliance and mandates the Federal Election Commission to issue regulations and report compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能选举透明度法案", "description_zh": "修订《联邦竞选法》，要求对使用人工智能生成内容的政治广告做出明确的免责声明。对违规行为实施处罚，并授权联邦选举委员会发布法规并报告合规情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advancing Automation Research and Development in Agriculture Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4173", "description": "Establishes a competitive grant program to advance mechanization and automation in specialty crops. Prioritizes projects enhancing labor efficiency, technology adoption, and human capital development. Requires non-Federal matching funds and scientific peer review. Allocates $20 million annually from 2024 onwards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进农业自动化研究与开发法案", "description_zh": "建立竞争性拨款计划，以推进特种作物的机械化和自动化。优先考虑提高劳动效率、技术采用和人力资本开发的项目。需要非联邦配套资金和科学同行评审。从 2024 年起每年拨款 2000 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "International Artificial Intelligence Research Partnership Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8700", "description": "Establishes international AI research partnerships, encouraging U.S. cities to collaborate with international counterparts while aligning with U.S. research priorities. Prohibits partnerships with cities in countries of concern. Limits research to non-national security areas. Allocates $20 million annually for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年国际人工智能研究合作法案", "description_zh": "建立国际人工智能研究伙伴关系，鼓励美国城市与国际同行合作，同时与美国的研究重点保持一致。禁止与相关国家的城市建立伙伴关系。将研究限制在非国家安全领域。每年拨款 2000 万美元用于实施。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Expanding AI Voices Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9403", "description": "Amends the National AI Initiative Act to require the National Science Foundation to award grants to broaden AI research, education, and workforce development. Targets underrepresented institutions, fosters collaborations, and emphasizes ethical practices in AI education.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "扩大人工智能之声法案", "description_zh": "修订《国家人工智能倡议法》，要求国家科学基金会提供赠款，以扩大人工智能研究、教育和劳动力发展。针对代表性不足的机构，促进合作，并强调人工智能教育中的道德实践。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Workforce for AI Trust Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9215", "description": "Amends the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act to support NSF fellowships for interdisciplinary AI research, emphasizing ethics and responsible practices. Enhances NIST's role in AI governance workforce development and risk management, focusing on education, technical standards, and professional certifications.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能劳动力信托法案", "description_zh": "修订《国家人工智能倡议法》，以支持 NSF 跨学科人工智能研究奖学金，强调道德和负责任的实践。增强 NIST 在人工智能治理劳动力发展和风险管理中的作用，重点关注教育、技术标准和专业认证。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Oversee Emerging Technology Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1577", "description": "Requires federal agencies substantially engaged with emerging technologies to appoint a senior official as an emerging technology lead. Tasks them with advising on AI use, policy expertise, interagency collaboration, and procurement input. Mandates informing Congress of appointments and responsibilities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监督新兴技术法案", "description_zh": "要求大力参与新兴技术的联邦机构任命一名高级官员作为新兴技术的领导者。要求他们就人工智能的使用、政策专业知识、机构间协作和采购投入提供建议。向国会通报任命和职责的授权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To establish in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a program to improve precipitation forecasts, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4913", "description": "Supports AI and machine learning research to enhance precipitation prediction accuracy and reliability. Encourages collaboration with academic and private sectors to evaluate emerging technologies. Uses high-performance computing to advance Earth System Models' predictive skills for extreme precipitation phenomena.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在国家海洋和大气管理局制定一项计划，以改进降水预报并用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "支持人工智能和机器学习研究，提高降水预测的准确性和可靠性。鼓励与学术界和私营部门合作评估新兴技术。使用高性能计算来提高地球系统模型对极端降水现象的预测能力。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Grand Challenges Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9475/text", "description": "Establishes the AI Grand Challenges Program to award competitive prizes for AI research in identified grand challenge areas like health, cybersecurity, and national security. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能大挑战法案", "description_zh": "设立人工智能重大挑战计划，为健康、网络安全和国家安全等已确定的重大挑战领域的人工智能研究颁发竞争性奖项。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To provide for Federal civilian agency laboratory development for testing and certification of artificial intelligence for civilian agency use, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9043", "description": "Requires Homeland Security, via FEMA, to develop AI testing centers for civilian agencies, ensuring rights protection and democratic principles. Establishes an AI Incident Reporting Office. Mandates biannual reports to Congress, and authorizes $20 billion for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为联邦民事机构实验室开发提供用于民事机构使用的人工智能的测试和认证以及其他目的。", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部通过联邦应急管理局为民事机构开发人工智能测试中心，确保权利保护和民主原则。设立人工智能事件报告办公室。授权每半年向国会提交一份报告，并授权 200 亿美元用于实施。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To direct the Secretary of Defense to establish a working group to develop and coordinate an artificial intelligence initiative among the Five Eyes countries, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6425", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to establish the Five AIs Strategic AI Working Group to develop and coordinate AI initiatives among Five Eyes countries. Requires comparison of AI systems, testing interoperability, ethical frameworks, and expanding innovation efforts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "指示国防部长建立一个工作组，以开发和协调五眼国家之间的人工智能计划以及其他目的。", "description_zh": "指示国防部长成立五眼人工智能战略工作组，以制定和协调五眼国家之间的人工智能举措。需要比较人工智能系统、测试互操作性、道德框架并扩大创新努力。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protecting Kids on Social Media Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1291", "description": "Prohibits social media platforms from using algorithmic recommendation systems for users under 18, and bans access of users under 13. Requires age verification and parental consent for minors on social media, and establishes enforcement mechanisms and a secure digital identification credential pilot program.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护儿童使用社交媒体法", "description_zh": "禁止社交媒体平台对18岁以下用户使用算法推荐系统，并禁止13岁以下用户访问。要求未成年人在社交媒体上进行年龄验证和家长同意，并建立执行机制和安全数字身份凭证试点计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Transparent Automated Governance Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1865", "description": "Requires the Director to issue guidance on automated systems for critical decisions, including public notice and appeals processes. Obligates agencies to implement the guidance and mandates the Comptroller General to review compliance. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "透明的自动化治理法案", "description_zh": "要求主任就关键决策的自动化系统发布指南，包括公告和上诉流程。各机构有义务实施该指南，并授权总审计长审查合规情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Digital Defense Content Provenance Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3504", "description": "Establishes a Defense Department education course on digital content provenance, training specialists on authentication standards and forgery risks. Launches a pilot program to test industry standards for verifying media authenticity in official DoD content, and requires reporting on progress, effectiveness, and potential permanence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年数字防御内容来源法案", "description_zh": "设立有关数字内容来源的国防部教育课程，培训认证标准和伪造风险方面的专家。启动试点计划来测试验证国防部官方内容中媒体真实性的行业标准，并要求报告进度、有效性和潜在的持久性。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of Energy Quantum Leadership Act of 2024, Section 2", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4932/text", "description": "Amends Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act to require the Department of Energy to conduct quantum information science research and promote commercialization. Requires strategic plans for high-performance computing, cooperation with industry, and development of relevant supply chains. Prohibits funding partnerships with entities posing national security threats.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "能源部 2024 年量子领导法案第 2 条", "description_zh": "修改《国家量子倡议法案》第401条，要求能源部开展量子信息科学研究并促进商业化。需要高性能计算、产业合作、相关供应链发展的战略规划。禁止与构成国家安全威胁的实体建立伙伴关系。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Candidate Voice Fraud Prohibition Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4611", "description": "Amends the Federal Election Campaign Act to prohibit distributing AI-generated audio impersonating candidates' voices with intent to mislead voters, exempting certain media entities and satire. Imposes fines or imprisonment for violations, and requires the Federal Election Commission to issue regulations and reports on compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "候选人语音欺诈禁止法", "description_zh": "修订《联邦竞选法》，禁止散布人工智能生成的冒充候选人声音的音频，意图误导选民，但某些媒体实体和讽刺作品除外。对违规行为处以罚款或监禁，并要求联邦选举委员会发布有关合规情况的法规和报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Integrating New Technologies to Empower Law Enforcement at Our Borders Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6391", "description": "Requires the Department of Homeland Security to plan integrating AI and emerging technologies for border awareness. Specifies assessments, cost estimates, capability gaps, and coordination with other agencies. Emphasizes transitioning new technologies and incentivizing private sector development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "整合新技术以增强边境执法能力法案", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部计划整合人工智能和新兴技术以提高边境意识。指定评估、成本估算、能力差距以及与其他机构的协调。强调新技术的转型和激励私营部门的发展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9211/text", "description": "Establishes awards for developing K-12 AI literacy curricula. Supports research and professional development to enhance AI literacy. Defines AI literacy as the ability to use and interpret AI effectively and ethically.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "未来技术素养人工智能法案", "description_zh": "为开发 K-12 人工智能素养课程设立奖项。支持研究和专业发展，以提高人工智能素养。将人工智能素养定义为有效且合乎道德地使用和解释人工智能的能力。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Acquisitions Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4976", "description": "Prohibits federal agencies from acquiring AI products/services linked to foreign adversaries, requiring divestment within specified timelines. Mandates public disclosure of risky AI products/services. Exempts intelligence and specific Department of Defense activities from these restrictions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能收购法案", "description_zh": "禁止联邦机构获取与外国对手相关的人工智能产品/服务，要求在规定的时间内撤资。要求公开披露有风险的人工智能产品/服务。情报和特定的国防部活动不受这些限制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to specify control and management of Department of Defense data and to establish the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer Governing Council, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3004", "description": "Establishes the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer Governing Council to oversee AI policy, ethics, and coordination within the Department of Defense. Requires the Council to streamline AI development, ensure ethical practices, and provide periodic reports to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项法案，规定对国防部数据的控制和管理，并设立首席数字和人工智能官管理委员会，以及用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "设立首席数字和人工智能官管理委员会，负责监督国防部内的人工智能政策、道德和协调。要求理事会简化人工智能开发，确保道德实践，并向国会提供定期报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Digital Platform Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1671", "description": "Establishes the Federal Digital Platform Commission to regulate digital platforms, including AI processes, ensuring fairness, transparency, and safety. Provides for the creation of a Code Council to develop voluntary or enforceable policy related to digital platforms and AI processes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年数字平台委员会法案", "description_zh": "成立联邦数字平台委员会来监管数字平台，包括人工智能流程，确保公平、透明和安全。规定成立代码委员会，以制定与数字平台和人工智能流程相关的自愿或可执行政策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Cooper Davis Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1080", "description": "Amends the Controlled Substances Act to require electronic communication and remote computing service providers to report suspected illegal activities involving controlled substances to the DEA. Permits algorithmic content moderation, imposes penalties for noncompliance, and mandates annual reporting by the DEA.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "库珀·戴维斯法案", "description_zh": "修订《受控物质法》，要求电子通信和远程计算服务提供商向 DEA 报告涉及受控物质的可疑非法活动。允许算法内容审核，对违规行为实施处罚，并强制 DEA 进行年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Ads Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9639", "description": "Amends the Federal Election Campaign Act to include AI-generated content in prohibitions against fraudulent misrepresentation and solicitation. Expands the scope to cover any person misrepresenting candidates, parties, or committees for any purpose, not just candidates themselves.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能广告法", "description_zh": "修订《联邦竞选法》，将人工智能生成的内容纳入禁止欺诈性虚假陈述和招揽行为的范围。扩大范围以涵盖出于任何目的歪曲候选人、政党或委员会的任何人，而不仅仅是候选人本身。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "S.4306, Five AIs Act 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4306/text", "description": "Establishes the \"Five AIs Strategic Artificial Intelligence Working Group\" to coordinate AI initiatives among Five Eyes countries. Tasks include enhancing AI interoperability, testing systems, managing data, leveraging commercial AI technologies, and sharing results with allies. Controls export of technical data.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.4306，2024 年五类人工智能法案", "description_zh": "成立“五眼人工智能战略工作组”，协调五眼国家之间的人工智能举措。任务包括增强人工智能互操作性、测试系统、管理数据、利用商业人工智能技术以及与盟友共享结果。控制技术数据的导出。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Securing AI Task Force Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8348/text", "description": "Establishes a CISA Task Force to coordinate AI safety and security efforts, assess initiatives, address workforce gaps, and promote secure AI adoption. Requires biannual briefings to Congress. Ceases effect five years post-enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络安全和基础设施安全局确保人工智能特别工作组法案", "description_zh": "成立 CISA 工作组，协调人工智能安全工作、评估举措、解决劳动力缺口并促进人工智能的安全采用。需要每两年向国会通报情况。禁令在颁布五年后生效。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "No AI Audits Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7694/text", "description": "Limits IRS use of AI for audits by requiring guidance as rule-making and adherence to NIST explainability principles. Requires Comptroller General to audit and report on IRS's AI use. Mandates that only IRS staff can initiate taxpayer investigations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无人工智能审计法案", "description_zh": "通过要求规则制定指导和遵守 NIST 可解释性原则来限制 IRS 将人工智能用于审计。要求总审计长审核并报告国税局人工智能的使用情况。规定只有国税局工作人员才能发起纳税人调查。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Weapon Accountability and Risk Evaluation Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5239/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to create a ledger of AI-enabled military systems with regular updates and requires a comprehensive risk assessment process covering dependability, cybersecurity, privacy, and bias. Requires annual assessments, annotations for exports, and public reporting to ensure transparency and accountability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能武器责任和风险评估法案", "description_zh": "要求国防部长创建一个定期更新的人工智能军事系统分类账，并需要涵盖可靠性、网络安全、隐私和偏见的全面风险评估流程。需要年度评估、出口注释和公开报告，以确保透明度和问责制。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Simplify, Don't Amplify the IRS Act, Sec. 201 (\"Tax Gap Projection\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2556", "description": "Requires the Commissioner of Internal Revenue to use AI, including neural machine learning, to calculate tax gap projections, reducing the burden on taxpayers. Limits National Research Program audits to fiscal year 2022 levels while leveraging commercial data analysis tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "简化而不是扩大国税局法案第 2 节。 201（“税收差距预测”）", "description_zh": "要求国税局局长使用人工智能（包括神经机器学习）来计算税收差距预测，减轻纳税人的负担。将国家研究计划审计限制在 2022 财年的水平，同时利用商业数据分析工具。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "DEEPFAKES Accountability Act, Sec. 2 (\"Transparency Requirements\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5586", "description": "Amends U.S. Code to require disclosures and inclusion of content provenance technologies for AI-generated false personation records, with specific disclosure requirements based on the form of the record, and imposes criminal and civil penalties for non-compliance. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DEEPFAKES 责任法，第二节2（“透明度要求”）", "description_zh": "修订《美国法典》，要求披露和纳入人工智能生成的虚假假冒记录的内容来源技术，并根据记录的形式提出具体披露要求，并对违规行为处以刑事和民事处罚。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sensible Classification Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1518", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, in consultation with key defense, intelligence and declassification officials, to research and report on AI and machine learning solutions for efficient classification and declassification. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年合理分类法", "description_zh": "要求电子政府办公室管理员与主要国防、情报和解密官员协商，研究并报告用于高效分类和解密的人工智能和机器学习解决方案。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Federal AI Governance and Transparency Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7532", "description": "Establishes governance requirements for Federal AI systems to ensure actions align with laws, promote fairness, manage risks, and maintain transparency. Requires the development of AI charters and oversight, with provisions for public disclosure, privacy protection, and periodic evaluations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦人工智能治理和透明度法案", "description_zh": "制定联邦人工智能系统的治理要求，以确保行动符合法律、促进公平、管理风险并保持透明度。需要制定人工智能章程和监督，并规定公开披露、隐私保护和定期评估。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To direct the Director of the National Institutes of Health to establish a grant program to facilitate research regarding the use of generative artificial intelligence in health care, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7381", "description": "Directs the NIH Director to establish a grant program promoting research on generative AI in healthcare. Prioritizes projects enhancing AI adoption, workforce development, reducing disparities, and improving underserved care. Supports AI applications in documentation, insurance, and customer service efficiency.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "指示美国国立卫生研究院院长建立一项拨款计划，以促进有关在医疗保健和其他目的中使用生成人工智能的研究。", "description_zh": "指示 NIH 主任建立一项资助计划，促进医疗保健领域的生成人工智能研究。优先考虑加强人工智能采用、劳动力发展、减少差距和改善服务不足的护理的项目。支持文档、保险、客户服务效率方面的人工智能应用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4569", "description": "Amends the Communications Act to criminalize nonconsensual intimate deepfakes and requires platforms to remove deepfakes within 48 hours.\n\nGrants the Federal Trade Commission enforcement authority over this act.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过在网站和网络上固定技术深度假货来解决已知利用问题的工具法案", "description_zh": "修订《通信法》，将未经同意的亲密深度伪造行为定为刑事犯罪，并要求平台在 48 小时内删除深度伪造行为。\n\n授予联邦贸易委员会对此法案的执行权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "STAND with Taiwan Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1027", "description": "Imposes sanctions on China if its military invades Taiwan, including blocking property, prohibiting trades, and investment restrictions. Targets Chinese officials, institutions, and entities involved in aggressive actions. Coordinates with allies for sanctions, allowing exceptions for national security or intelligence activities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年支持台湾法案", "description_zh": "如果中国军队入侵台湾，将对中国实施制裁，包括封锁财产、禁止贸易和限制投资。针对参与侵略行为的中国官员、机构和实体。与盟友协调制裁，允许国家安全或情报活动例外。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Bug Bounty Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2502", "description": "Requires the Department of Defense to develop a bug bounty program for AI products within 180 days. Directs briefing to Congress on program development and future plans within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能漏洞赏金法案", "description_zh": "要求国防部在 180 天内制定针对 AI 产品的错误赏金计划。指导向国会通报一年内的计划发展和未来计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Americas Act, Title II (\"Trade and Investment for the Americas\"), Sec. 202 (\"Americas Partnership Business Advisory Board\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7571", "description": "Advises Americas partner countries on aligning regulations related to emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Coordinates with USMCA central regulatory bodies. Requires an annual report on business environments, highlighting investment opportunities and challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美洲法案》第二章（“美洲贸易和投资”）第 2 节202（“美洲合作伙伴商业咨询委员会”）", "description_zh": "为美洲伙伴国家协调与新兴技术（包括人工智能）相关的法规提供建议。与 USMCA 中央监管机构协调。需要一份关于商业环境的年度报告，强调投资机会和挑战。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Targeting Online Sales of Fentanyl Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7730/text", "description": "Requires a GAO study on AI's role in detecting and combating illicit online fentanyl and methamphetamine sales, focusing on algorithmic technologies, enforcement mechanisms, and interagency collaborations. Mandates a report to Congress within one year detailing findings.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对芬太尼在线销售的法案", "description_zh": "要求政府问责局对人工智能在检测和打击非法在线芬太尼和甲基苯丙胺销售中的作用进行研究，重点关注算法技术、执行机制和机构间合作。授权在一年内向国会提交一份报告，详细说明调查结果。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Western Wildfire Support Act of 2023, Sec. 206 (\"Study on Wildfire Detection Equipment and Integration of Artificial Intelligence Technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1764", "description": "Requires the Secretaries to study AI integration with wildfire detection technologies. Evaluates AI's impact on detection, management, and prediction of wildfires. Demands results be submitted to Congress and made publicly available within two years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年西部野火支持法案第 2 节206（《野火探测装备及人工智能技术集成研究》）", "description_zh": "要求部长们研究人工智能与野火检测技术的集成。评估人工智能对野火检测、管理和预测的影响。要求将结果提交给国会并在两年内公开。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Biosecurity Risk Assessment Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4704", "description": "Requires the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response to conduct risk assessments and implement strategic initiatives that address threats to public health posed by AI, especially using AI to develop novel pathogens and bioweapons. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能和生物安全风险评估法", "description_zh": "要求负责准备和响应的助理部长进行风险评估并实施战略举措，以解决人工智能对公共健康造成的威胁，特别是利用人工智能开发新型病原体和生物武器。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Accountability Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3369", "description": "Requires the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information to conduct a study on accountability mechanisms to provide assurances that an artificial intelligence (AI) system is trustworthy and hold public meetings to gather feedback on the disclosure of information about AI systems. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能问责法", "description_zh": "要求负责通信和信息的助理商务部长对问责机制进行研究，以确保人工智能 (AI) 系统值得信赖，并召开公开会议收集有关人工智能系统信息披露的反馈。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Justice in Forensic Algorithms Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7394", "description": "Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to establish a program to create and maintain testing standards for computational forensic software, including AI-enabled software for evidence analysis.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年法证算法正义法案", "description_zh": "要求国家标准与技术研究所所长制定一项计划，以创建和维护计算取证软件的测试标准，包括用于证据分析的人工智能软件。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to waive immunity under section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 for claims and charges related to generative artificial intelligence.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1993", "description": "Removes Section 230 protection (federal liability protection) for providers of interactive computer services if the conduct giving rise to liability involves generative artificial intelligence. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "根据 1934 年《通信法》第 230 条放弃与生成人工智能相关的索赔和指控豁免权的法案。", "description_zh": "如果引起责任的行为涉及生成人工智能，则取消对交互式计算机服务提供商的第 230 条保护（联邦责任保护）。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Research, Innovation, and Accountability Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3312", "description": "Develops standards for online content verification, mandates best practices for AI detection, reviews government AI use, prohibits generative AI without user notice, requires transparency reports, and establishes oversight, risk assessments, certification, enforcement, and consumer education for AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能研究、创新和责任法案", "description_zh": "制定在线内容验证标准，强制执行人工智能检测的最佳实践，审查政府人工智能的使用，禁止在没有用户通知的情况下生成人工智能，要求透明度报告，并建立人工智能的监督、风险评估、认证、执行和消费者教育。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Federal Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3205", "description": "Requires the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on how federal agencies can use NIST’s AI Risk Management Framework to reduce risks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年联邦人工智能风险管理法案", "description_zh": "要求美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 主任以及管理和预算办公室主任就联邦机构如何使用 NIST 的人工智能风险管理框架来降低风险发布指导。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Advancement Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3050", "description": "Requires a report on AI regulation in finance, establishes AI bug bounty programs, mandates vulnerability analysis for military AI, requires a report on data sharing, and for other purposes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能进步法案", "description_zh": "需要一份关于金融领域人工智能监管的报告，建立人工智能漏洞赏金计划，要求对军事人工智能进行漏洞分析，需要一份关于数据共享的报告，以及用于其他目的。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to promote United States leadership in technical standards by directing the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Department of State to take certain actions to encourage and enable United States participation in developing standards and specifications for artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3849", "description": "Requires NIST Director to brief Congress on federal AI standards participation within one year. Directs federal agencies to notify NIST of AI standards activities. Mandates NIST to create a reporting mechanism and establish a web portal. Establishes a pilot program for U.S.-based standards meetings. Obligates annual NIST briefings to Congress on the pilot program. Authorizes $10 million for the pilot program from 2024 to 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项旨在促进美国在技术标准方面的领导地位的法案，指示国家标准与技术研究所和国务院采取某些行动，鼓励和使美国参与制定人工智能和其他关键和新兴技术以及其他目的的标准和规范。", "description_zh": "要求 NIST 主任在一年内向国会通报联邦人工智能标准的参与情况。指示联邦机构向 NIST 通报人工智能标准活动。授权 NIST 创建报告机制并建立门户网站。为美国标准会议建立试点计划。每年 NIST 都有义务向国会通报试点计划的情况。授权 2024 年至 2028 年为试点计划拨款 1000 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Healthy Technology Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/206", "description": "Authorizes artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to prescribe pharmaceutical drugs if approved by the State involved and the Food and Drug Administration", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Evaluation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年健康技术法案", "description_zh": "如果经相关国家和食品药品监督管理局批准，授权人工智能和机器学习技术开处方药品" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Closing Loopholes for the Overseas Use and Development of Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4683", "description": "Prohibits US persons and subsidiaries from supporting the use of remote or cloud integrated circuits by entities in China.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "堵住人工智能境外使用和发展漏洞法案", "description_zh": "禁止美国个人和子公司支持中国实体使用远程或云集成电路。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Creating Resources for Every American To Experiment with Artificial Intelligence Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5077", "description": "", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为每个美国人创造实验人工智能的资源 2023 年法案" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "R U REAL Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7120", "description": "Directs the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to amend the Telemarketing Sales Rule to require the disclosure of artificial intelligence usage in telemarketing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "真实法案", "description_zh": "指示联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 修改电话营销销售规则，要求披露电话营销中人工智能的使用情况。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI LEAD Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2293", "description": "Establishes the CAIO Council to coordinate federal AI practices and risk management. Mandates each agency appoint a CAIO and requires AI Governance Boards in agencies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能领先法案", "description_zh": "建立 CAIO 委员会来协调联邦人工智能实践和风险管理。要求每个机构任命一名 CAIO，并要求机构内设立人工智能治理委员会。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To establish a Joint Autonomy Office in the Department of Defense, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3168", "description": "Establishes the Joint Autonomy Office in the Department of Defense, responsible for coordinating and accelerating the adoption of all-domain autonomous systems for operational users, and for developing a Department-wide classification framework for autonomous capabilities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在国防部设立联合自治办公室，以及用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "在国防部设立联合自治办公室，负责协调和加速作战用户采用全域自治系统，并制定全部门范围的自治能力分类框架。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National AI Commission Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4223", "description": "Establishes the National AI Commission, an independent and bi-partisan commission in the legislative branch responsible for reviewing and recommending measures to mitigate AI risks and protect US leadership in AI development\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能委员会法案", "description_zh": "建立国家人工智能委员会，这是立法部门中的一个独立的两党委员会，负责审查和建议减轻人工智能风险并保护美国在人工智能发展中的领导地位的措施" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Political BIAS Emails Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5495", "description": "Prohibits email providers from flagging elected political emails as spam without user direction. Requires quarterly transparency reports on flagged political emails. Mandates data disclosure to campaigns upon request. Obliges providers to offer email deliverability best practices. Enforces via FTC. Defines key terms.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年政治偏见电子邮件法案", "description_zh": "禁止电子邮件提供商在未经用户指导的情况下将当选的政治电子邮件标记为垃圾邮件。要求针对标记的政治电子邮件提供季度透明度报告。根据要求强制向活动披露数据。要求提供商提供电子邮件送达最佳实践。通过 FTC 强制执行。定义关键术语。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Leadership Training Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1564", "description": "Establishes an AI leadership training program for executive agencies. Requires annual training on AI capabilities, risks, and ethics. Mandates topics cover AI basics, risks, and constitutional issues. Obligates updates biennially. Demands participation metrics. Permits Congressional oversight. Sets a 10-year sunset clause.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能领导力培训法案", "description_zh": "为执行机构建立人工智能领导力培训计划。需要每年进行人工智能能力、风险和道德方面的培训。授权主题涵盖人工智能基础知识、风险和宪法问题。每两年更新一次。要求参与指标。允许国会监督。设置 10 年日落条款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Disclosure Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3831", "description": "Requires generative AI to include a disclaimer on outputs and subjects violators to penalties and grants privileges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能披露法案", "description_zh": "要求生成式人工智能包含对输出的免责声明，并对违规者进行处罚并授予特权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preventing Deep Fake Scams Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5808", "description": "Establishes a task force to help formulate appropriate AI regulations in the financial services industry and requires the task force to produce a report for Congress with these recommendations within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Financial loss", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "防止深度虚假诈骗法案", "description_zh": "成立一个工作组，帮助制定金融服务行业适当的人工智能法规，并要求该工作组在一年内向国会提交一份包含这些建议的报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Foundation Model Transparency Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6881", "description": "Directs the Federal Trade Commission to issue transparency regulations for AI model training data and algorithms in consultation with relevant stakeholders within 9 months. Specifies the information categories to be publicly disclosed and updated annually.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年 AI 基金会模型透明度法案", "description_zh": "指示联邦贸易委员会在 9 个月内与相关利益相关者协商，发布人工智能模型训练数据和算法的透明度法规。规定每年公开披露和更新的信息类别。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Basic Allowance for Housing Calculation Improvement Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5230", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to conduct a pilot program to use AI for calculating monthly rates of basic allowance for housing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023年住房基本津贴计算改进法", "description_zh": "指示国防部长开展试点计划，利用人工智能计算每月的住房基本津贴。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Jobs of the Future Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4498", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Labor and the NSF Director to submit interim and final reports on AI's workforce impact. \n\nMandates identification of necessary data, affected industries, and vulnerable demographics. \n\nRequires analysis of skills and education needed to work with AI.\n\nDemands recommendations to mitigate displacement and promote equitable AI education. \n\nRequires collaboration with educational institutions, industry stakeholders, and federal agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年未来就业法案", "description_zh": "要求劳工部长和国家科学基金会主任提交关于人工智能对劳动力影响的中期和最终报告。 \n\n要求识别必要的数据、受影响的行业和弱势群体。 \n\n需要分析使用人工智能所需的技能和教育。\n\n要求提出建议，以减少流离失所并促进公平的人工智能教育。 \n\n需要与教育机构、行业利益相关者和联邦机构合作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Building Resilient Supply Chains Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/762", "description": "Directs the Department of Commerce to establish a Supply Chain Resilience and Crisis Response Office to administer grants and loans to support domestic manufacturing and supply chain diversification for in key technology areas, including artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立有弹性的供应链法", "description_zh": "指示商务部建立供应链弹性和危机应对办公室，以管理赠款和贷款，以支持包括人工智能在内的关键技术领域的国内制造和供应链多元化。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "TEST AI Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3162", "description": "Requires the NIST Director to establish testbeds to support the development of trustworthy AI systems, examine vulnerabilities in existing systems, and build guardrails for harm prevention.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能测试法案", "description_zh": "要求 NIST 主任建立测试平台来支持值得信赖的人工智能系统的开发，检查现有系统中的漏洞，并建立预防伤害的护栏。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Training Expansion Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4503", "description": "Expand training programs for helping executive branch employees better understand the function, risks and benefits, and nature of artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年人工智能培训扩展法案", "description_zh": "扩大培训计划，帮助行政部门员工更好地了解人工智能的功能、风险和收益以及本质。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "FinCEN Modernization Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/370", "description": "Cites the Act as the \"FinCEN Modernization Act of 2023.\" Requires FinCEN to establish research and information-sharing programs on technological advances. Mandates exploration of beneficial innovations. Obligates adoption of necessary technologies. Enables information exchange. Authorizes non-standard transactions. Compels annual reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FinCEN 2023 年现代化法案", "description_zh": "将该法案称为“2023 年 FinCEN 现代化法案”。要求 FinCEN 建立有关技术进步的研究和信息共享计划。要求探索有益的创新。有义务采用必要的技术。实现信息交换。授权非标准交易。强制向国会提交年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Environmental Impacts Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7197", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to submit a report to Congress on the environmental impacts of artificial intelligence", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能环境影响法案", "description_zh": "要求环境保护局局长向国会提交一份关于人工智能对环境影响的报告" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI for National Security Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1718", "description": "Amends Section 1521 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 to expand the Department of Defense's procurement of cyber data products and services to include AI-driven endpoint security and to strengthen software supply chain security.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能国家安全法案", "description_zh": "修订《2022 财年国防授权法》第 1521 条，扩大国防部对网络数据产品和服务的采购范围，将人工智能驱动的端点安全纳入其中，并加强软件供应链安全。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Tornado Observations Research and Notification Assessment for Development of Operations Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1284", "description": "Requires the Under Secretary of Commerce to improve NOAA's communication system for hazardous events using methods such data analysis supported by artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "龙卷风观测研究和通知评估以促进业务发展法案", "description_zh": "要求商务部副部长使用人工智能和机器学习技术支持的数据分析等方法改进 NOAA 的危险事件通信系统。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protect Elections from Deceptive AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2770", "description": "Prohibits knowingly distributing materially deceptive AI-generated media related to Federal elections. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Reliability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护选举免受人工智能欺骗法案", "description_zh": "禁止故意传播与联邦选举相关的人工智能生成的具有实质欺骗性的媒体。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Investing in Tomorrow's Workforce Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2722", "description": "", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年投资未来劳动力法案" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Fair Trade with China Enforcement Act, Sec. 102 (\"Prohibition on export to People's Republic of China of national security sensitive technology and intellectual property\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/153", "description": "Prohibits the Secretary of Commerce from exporting national security sensitive technology or intellectual property, including AI-related goods or services, to China. Defines such technology as contributing to China's military, harming U.S. security, economy, or involving critical production components.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《与中国公平贸易执行法》第 2 节102号（“禁止向中华人民共和国出口国家安全敏感技术和知识产权”）", "description_zh": "禁止商务部长向中国出口国家安全敏感技术或知识产权，包括人工智能相关商品或服务。将此类技术定义为有助于中国军事、损害美国安全、经济或涉及关键生产部件。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Kids Online Safety Act, Sec. 13 (\"Filter Bubble Transparency Requirements\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1409", "description": "Requires covered internet platforms to inform users about opaque algorithm and user data usage and provide detailed algorithm operational information. Mandates offering an input-transparent algorithm alternative and prohibits discrimination against users of this alternative. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童在线安全法第二节13（“滤泡透明度要求”）", "description_zh": "要求覆盖的互联网平台向用户告知不透明的算法和用户数据的使用情况，并提供详细的算法操作信息。强制要求提供输入透明的算法替代方案，并禁止歧视该替代方案的用户。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Fair Trade with China Enforcement Act, Sec. 101 (\"Establishment of list of certain products receiving support from government of People's Republic of China pursuant to Made in China 2025 policy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/153", "description": "Requires the United States Trade Representative to annually list Chinese products, including AI, receiving government support under the Made in China 2025 policy. Identifies specific industries such as AI, robotics, and quantum computing for inclusion.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《与中国公平贸易执行法》第 2 节101号（《中华人民共和国政府根据中国制造2025政策支持的部分产品目录的制定》）", "description_zh": "要求美国贸易代表每年将包括人工智能在内的中国产品列入清单，以获得中国制造2025政策下的政府支持。确定人工智能、机器人和量子计算等特定行业以纳入其中。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "TORPEDO Act of 2023, Sec. 6 (Reporting requirements on efforts of the Department of State to implement the AUKUS partnership)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1471", "description": "Requires submission of reports detailing interagency actions and progress in implementing advanced capabilities under the AUKUS agreement, including AI and autonomy. Assesses export control changes and collaboration efforts among AUKUS partners on AI and other technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年鱼雷法第 2 节6（国务院实施AUKUS伙伴关系努力的报告要求）", "description_zh": "需要提交报告，详细说明 AUKUS 协议下的跨机构行动和实施先进功能的进展，包括人工智能和自治。评估出口管制变化以及 AUKUS 合作伙伴在人工智能和其他技术方面的合作努力。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Disincentivizing Internet Service Censorship of Online Users and Restrictions on Speech and Expression Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/921", "description": "Amends Section 230 to limit liability protections for dominant service providers. Deems providers as content creators if they manage content or use targeted algorithms with a discernible viewpoint. Excludes protections for actions against religious material. Mandates public disclosure of content management practices. Reclassifies immunity as an affirmative defense.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "抑制互联网服务对在线用户的审查以及对言论和表达的限制法案", "description_zh": "修订第 230 条以限制对占主导地位的服务提供商的责任保护。如果提供商管理内容或使用具有明显观点的目标算法，则将提供商视为内容创建者。不包括对针对宗教材料的行为的保护。强制公开披露内容管理实践。将豁免重新归类为积极防御。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Autonomous Vehicle Accessibility Act/AV Accessibility Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7126", "description": "Prohibits states from issuing licenses for Level 4 or 5 ADS-equipped vehicle operation that discriminate against individuals with disabilities. Requires the Secretary to study infrastructure improvements for accessible ride-hail ADS-equipped vehicles. Authorizes $5 million for this study.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自动驾驶车辆无障碍法案/AV 无障碍法案", "description_zh": "禁止各州颁发歧视残疾人士的 4 级或 5 级 ADS 车辆运营许可证。要求部长研究基础设施改进，以改善配备 ADS 的无障碍网约车车辆。授权 500 万美元用于这项研究。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Disrupt Explicit Forged Images And Non-Consensual Edits Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3696", "description": "Amends the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, to define \"digital forgery\" as AI-created intimate visual depictions. Allows civil action for non-consensual digital forgeries. Specifies damages and relief. Permits privacy protections. Establishes a 10-year statute of limitations. Ensures non-preemption.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《破坏露骨伪造图像和未经同意的编辑法案》", "description_zh": "修订 2022 年《综合拨款法》，将“数字伪造”定义为人工智能创建的亲密视觉描绘。允许对未经同意的数字伪造行为提起民事诉讼。指定损害赔偿和救济。允许隐私保护。规定了 10 年的诉讼时效。确保不可抢占。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "TORPEDO Act of 2023, Sec. 12 (Expedited release of advanced technologies to Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom through the foreign military sales program)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1471", "description": "Expedites the release of AI and other advanced technologies to Australia, Canada, and the UK through the Foreign Military Sales program. Establishes a fast-track decision-making process for AI capabilities, with a presumption of approval, and anticipatory release policy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年鱼雷法第 2 节12（通过对外军售计划，加快向澳大利亚、加拿大、英国释放先进技术）", "description_zh": "通过对外军售计划，加快向澳大利亚、加拿大和英国发布人工智能和其他先进技术。建立人工智能功能的快速决策流程，并假定获得批准和预期发布政策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Atomic Energy Advancement Act, Sec. 123 (\"Advancement of Nuclear Regulatory Oversight\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6544", "description": "Advances nuclear regulatory oversight by encouraging the use of AI and machine learning to enhance risk-informed oversight and inspection decisions. Promotes efficiency through improved technology integration and staff training, while assessing and enabling licensee adoption of advanced technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "原子能进步法第二节123（“核监管的进展”）", "description_zh": "通过鼓励使用人工智能和机器学习来加强基于风险的监督和检查决策，从而推进核监管。通过改进技术集成和员工培训来提高效率，同时评估并帮助被许可人采用先进技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Ensuring Safe and Ethical AI Development Through SAFE AI Research Grants", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6088", "description": "Requires the National Academy of Sciences to establish a grant program for the development of safe AI models and AI research; directs and outlines the submission of a proposal for the program in accordance with guiding principles. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过 SAFE 人工智能研究资助确保安全和道德的人工智能发展", "description_zh": "要求美国国家科学院建立一个资助计划，用于开发安全的人工智能模型和人工智能研究；根据指导原则指导并概述方案提案的提交。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advanced Safe Testing at Residence Telehealth Act of 2023, Sec. 2 (\"Coverage and Payment for Certain Tests and Assistive Telehealth Consultations; Demonstration Program Under Certain State Medicaid Programs\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/207", "description": "Establishes a Value-Based Insurance Design Model for Medicare, covering AI-driven wearable medical devices and assistive telehealth. Limits demonstration to 25 plans, promoting rural access, and requires demographic data for reimbursement. Allocates funding for state Medicaid telehealth programs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年住宅远程医疗高级安全测试法案第 2 节2（“某些测试和辅助远程医疗咨询的承保范围和付款；某些州医疗补助计划下的示范计划”）", "description_zh": "建立基于价值的医疗保险保险设计模型，涵盖人工智能驱动的可穿戴医疗设备和辅助远程医疗。将示范计划限制为 25 个，以促进农村地区的准入，并需要人口数据来进行报销。为州医疗补助远程医疗计划分配资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Critical Capabilities Defense Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3136", "description": "Defines \"national critical capability sector\" as including artificial intelligence and defines \"covered activities\" as being related to \"national critical capability sectors\". Establishes the \"Committee on National Critical Capabilities\" to review U.S. investments abroad threatening national security.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年国家关键能力防御法案", "description_zh": "将“国家关键能力部门”定义为包括人工智能，并将“涵盖的活动”定义为与“国家关键能力部门”相关。成立“国家关键能力委员会”，审查美国对国家安全构成威胁的海外投资。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "NTIA Reauthorization Act of 2023, Sec. 203 (\"Spectrum management improvements\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4510", "description": "Develops and supports AI systems for advanced antenna arrays and dynamic spectrum access. Encourages workforce development and partnerships for prototyping advanced communications technologies. Identifies spectrum management technologies like dynamic spectrum access and network sensing for Federal frequency assignments.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NTIA 2023 年再授权法案第 2 节203（“频谱管理改进”）", "description_zh": "开发并支持用于先进天线阵列和动态频谱访问的人工智能系统。鼓励劳动力发展和合作伙伴关系，以建立先进通信技术的原型。确定频谱管理技术，例如联邦频率分配的动态频谱访问和网络感知。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "STOP HATE Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6463", "description": "Mandates social media companies to submit terms of service reports to the Attorney General's office that provide data on how artificial intelligence is being used to flag content and manage disinformation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年《停止仇恨法案》", "description_zh": "要求社交媒体公司向总检察长办公室提交服务条款报告，提供有关如何使用人工智能标记内容和管理虚假信息的数据。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Stop Fentanyl at the Border Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3591", "description": "Appropriates $1,090,000,000 to U.S. Customs and Border Protection for technology improvements to enhance fentanyl interdiction.\n\nAppropriates $223,000,000 to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to expand fentanyl interdiction and disrupt transnational criminal networks.\n\nMandates submission of reports by March 31, 2028, on impacts of Border Patrol Processing Coordinator positions and equipment needs.\n\nCreates penalties for damaging or evading border controls, with fines and imprisonment up to 5 years for violations aimed at financial gain or furthering criminal organizations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "边境禁制芬太尼法案", "description_zh": "向美国海关和边境保护局拨款 10.9 亿美元，用于改进技术以加强芬太尼拦截。\n\n向美国移民和海关执法局拨款 2.23 亿美元，用于扩大芬太尼拦截并瓦解跨国犯罪网络。\n\n要求在 2028 年 3 月 31 日之前提交关于边境巡逻处理协调员职位和设备需求影响的报告。\n\n对破坏或逃避边境管制的行为进行处罚，对于以经济利益为目的或助长犯罪组织的违法行为，可处以罚款和最高 5 年的监禁。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Promoting Resilient Supply Chains Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6571", "description": "Requires the Assistant Secretary of Commerce to promote U.S. leadership in AI and strengthen supply chains. Mandates a resiliency program. Requires coordination with agencies. Promotes domestic manufacturing. Supports best practices. Mandates regular reporting on AI supply chains.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年促进弹性供应链法案", "description_zh": "要求助理商务部长提升美国在人工智能领域的领导地位并加强供应链。强制执行弹性计划。需要与机构协调。促进国内制造。支持最佳实践。要求定期报告人工智能供应链。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of State Authorization Act of 2023, Sec. 303 (\"Task force to address artificial intelligence-enabled influence operations\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2043", "description": "Establishes a task force to counter AI-enabled disinformation, coordinate with academia and industry, and develop digital content provenance techniques. Requires reporting on progress and collaboration with international bodies to protect national security and mitigate AI misuse.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年国务院授权法第 2 节303（“解决人工智能影响力行动问题的工作组”）", "description_zh": "建立一个特别工作组来反击人工智能虚假信息，与学术界和工业界协调，并开发数字内容来源技术。要求报告进展情况以及与国际机构的合作，以保护国家安全并减少人工智能滥用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Advisory for AI-Generated Content Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2765", "description": "Requires all entities that generate AI materials for public consumption to label them with watermarks. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能生成内容法案咨询", "description_zh": "要求所有生成供公众消费的人工智能材料的实体在其上贴上水印标签。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of State Authorization Act of 2023, Sec. 304 (\"Establishment of the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the Department of State\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2043", "description": "Establishes a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer within the Department of State to oversee AI adoption and advise on ethical AI use. Requires collaboration with the Chief Information Officer for scaling AI. Defines AI per the National Defense Authorization Act.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年国务院授权法第 2 节304（“设立国务院首席人工智能官”）", "description_zh": "在国务院内设立首席人工智能官，负责监督人工智能的采用，并就人工智能的道德使用提供建议。需要与首席信息官合作来扩展人工智能。根据《国防授权法》定义人工智能。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of State Authorization Act of 2023, Sec. 941 (\"Reporting Related to the AUKUS Partnership\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2043", "description": "Requires the President to report non-binding instruments related to the AUKUS partnership. Mandates biennial reports on AI and other tech collaboration under Pillar Two, assessing efforts in AI, quantum, cyber, and other advanced capabilities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年国务院授权法第 2 节941（“与 AUKUS 合作伙伴关系相关的报告”）", "description_zh": "要求总统报告与 AUKUS 伙伴关系相关的非约束性文书。要求每两年报告第二支柱下的人工智能和其他技术合作，评估人工智能、量子、网络和其他先进能力方面的努力。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Health Care Price Transparency Act of 2023, Sec. 301 (\"Establishing Requirements With Respect to the Use of Prior Authorization Under Medicare Advantage Plans\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4822", "description": "Establishes electronic prior authorization programs for Medicare Advantage plans, requiring real-time decisions and transparency. Specifies enrollee protection standards, timely response requirements, and detailed reporting, including AI use. Mandates reports to Congress evaluating implementation and challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年医疗保健价格透明度法案第 2 节301（“制定有关使用 Medicare Advantage 计划预先授权的要求”）", "description_zh": "为 Medicare Advantage 计划建立电子事先授权计划，要求实时决策和透明度。指定参与者保护标准、及时响应要求和详细报告，包括人工智能的使用。授权向国会报告评估实施情况和挑战。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "DATA Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3337", "description": "Establishes national data privacy standards for covered entities. Requires clear privacy notices. Mandates FTC regulations within one year. Imposes data minimization requirements. Empowers individuals with data rights. Mandates privacy officers for large entities. Grants FTC and state enforcement authority. Allocates FTC resources.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据隐私法", "description_zh": "为所涵盖的实体制定国家数据隐私标准。需要明确的隐私声明。要求联邦贸易委员会在一年内实施监管。施加数据最小化要求。赋予个人数据权利。为大型实体任命隐私官。授予 FTC 和州执法权。分配 FTC 资源。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "CONSULT Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2034", "description": "Prohibits the Department of Defense from awarding contracts to any individual or entity, including those producing AI-powered products and services, that has entered into working agreements with any organization from a blacklist of national security threats.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "请参阅 2023 年法案", "description_zh": "禁止国防部向任何已与国家安全威胁黑名单中的任何组织签订工作协议的个人或实体授予合同，包括生产人工智能产品和服务的个人或实体。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "United States-Israel Health Technologies Cooperation Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4076", "description": "Authorizes $4,000,000 annually (2024-2026) for a bilateral health tech program with Israel emphasizing AI, drugs, vaccinations, and telemedicine. Requires matching Israeli contributions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国-以色列卫生技术合作法案", "description_zh": "每年（2024-2026 年）授权 400 万美元用于与以色列的双边健康技术项目，重点关注人工智能、药物、疫苗接种和远程医疗。需要以色列的相应贡献。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Lummis-Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act, Sec. 1001 (\"Executive Office of the President Appropriations\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2281", "description": "Authorize appropriations for AI-related specialist positions in the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Economic Council, each receiving $2.5 million annually from 2023 to 2027, to coordinate federal activities and advise on innovative technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "鲁米斯-吉利布兰德负责任的金融创新法案，第二节。 1001（“总统执行办公室拨款”）", "description_zh": "授权为科学技术政策办公室和国家经济委员会的人工智能相关专家职位拨款，从2023年到2027年，每个职位每年获得250万美元，以协调联邦活动并就创新技术提供建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protecting the Information of our Vulnerable Adolescents, Children, and Youth Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2801", "description": "Defines \"process\" as an operation, potentially automated, performed on \"covered information\" including collecting, disclosing, inferring, etc. Mandates \"verifiable consent\" before processing of data, data minimization, data access transparency, security measures, and limits to harmful practices. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护弱势青少年、儿童和青少年的信息法案", "description_zh": "将“流程”定义为对“涵盖的信息”执行的可能自动化的操作，包括收集、披露、推断等。在处理数据、数据最小化、数据访问透明度、安全措施和有害做法限制之前强制要求“可验证的同意”。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Eliminating Abusive and Rampant Neglect of Interactive Technologies Act of 2023 (National Commission on Online Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1207", "description": "Establishes a National Commission on Online Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention and tasks the Commission with developing best practices for interactive computer service providers.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年《消除滥用和普遍忽视互动技术法案》（国家在线儿童性剥削预防委员会）", "description_zh": "设立国家在线儿童性剥削预防委员会，并责成该委员会为交互式计算机服务提供商制定最佳实践。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Preserving Telehealth, Hospital, and Ambulance Access Act, Sec. 105 (Report on Wearable Medical Devices)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8261", "description": "Requires the Comptroller General to assess and report on wearable medical devices' capabilities and limitations in clinical decision-making, focusing on AI's benefits and challenges, and proposing policy options to enhance benefits and mitigate challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "维护远程医疗、医院和救护车准入法，第 2 节105（可穿戴医疗设备报告）", "description_zh": "要求总审计长评估和报告可穿戴医疗设备在临床决策中的能力和局限性，重点关注人工智能的好处和挑战，并提出增强好处和缓解挑战的政策选择。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "No ICBMs or Drones for Iran Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3334", "description": "Expands and incorporates sanctions related to Iranian unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Mandates a strategy against, and reports on support for, Iran’s UAS program. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年伊朗禁止洲际弹道导弹或无人机法案", "description_zh": "扩大并纳入与伊朗无人机系统（UAS）相关的制裁。授权制定针对伊朗无人机计划的战略，并报告对伊朗无人机计划的支持。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Contraband Awareness Technology Catches Harmful Fentanyl Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4062/text", "description": "Establishes pilot projects for testing AI and other technology enhancements to improve contraband detection at U.S. land ports of entry. Requires assessments of technology effectiveness, integration, and cost. Involves private sector input and mandates reporting to Congress on outcomes and recommendations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "违禁品意识技术捕捉有害的芬太尼行为", "description_zh": "建立测试人工智能和其他技术增强的试点项目，以改善美国陆路入境口岸的违禁品检测。需要评估技术有效性、集成和成本。涉及私营部门的投入，并要求向国会报告结果和建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Methane Emissions Mitigation Research and Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7651/text", "description": "Establishes a program for methane emissions detection, including AI-driven analytics and machine learning improvements. Forms a consortium to enhance leak detection and repair strategies through data sharing. Funds national facilities for advancing methane measurement standards and rapid technology testing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "甲烷减排研究与开发法案", "description_zh": "建立甲烷排放检测计划，包括人工智能驱动的分析和机器学习改进。组建联盟，通过数据共享增强泄漏检测和修复策略。为推进甲烷测量标准和快速技术测试的国家设施提供资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Federal Improvement in Technology Procurement Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4066/text", "description": "Requires the Federal Acquisition Institute to incorporate experiential learning into certification programs within 18 months. Mandates a cross-functional ICT acquisition training program. Encourages off-the-shelf technologies and innovative procurement techniques. Reassigns AI training responsibility to GSA. Expands Commercial Solutions Opening Authority. Increases simplified acquisition threshold to $500,000. Requires Administrator to issue past performance guidance. Establishes a working group to address Federal vendor base issues.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦技术采购改进法", "description_zh": "要求联邦采购研究所在 18 个月内将体验式学习纳入认证计划。强制实施跨职能的 ICT 获取培训计划。鼓励现成技术和创新采购技术。将人工智能培训职责重新分配给 GSA。扩大商业解决方案开放权限。将简化收购门槛提高至 500,000 美元。要求管理员发布过去的绩效指导。建立一个工作组来解决联邦供应商基础问题。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Living Wage for Musicians Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7763/text", "description": "Prohibits AI entities from being classified as artists and requires the Federal Register to establish the Artist Compensation Royalty Fund.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Financial loss", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年音乐家生活工资法案", "description_zh": "禁止人工智能实体被归类为艺术家，并要求联邦公报建立艺术家补偿版税基金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Veterans Appeals Efficiency Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7917/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary to track and maintain information on certain veterans' benefits claims using technology. Permits the Board of Veterans' Appeals to aggregate appeals with similar legal or factual questions. Allows AI use in studying common legal questions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "退伍军人上诉 2024 年效率法案", "description_zh": "要求部长使用技术跟踪和维护某些退伍军人福利索赔的信息。允许退伍军人上诉委员会汇总具有类似法律或事实问题的上诉。允许人工智能用于研究常见的法律问题。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Patient Safety Board Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7591/text", "description": "Establishes the National Patient Safety Board (NPSB) to prevent patient safety events. Empowers NPSB to monitor, study, and propose solutions. Grants authority to request changes and review reports. Mandates annual audits. Forms Patient Safety Research Division. Requires privacy and AI compliance. Prohibits use in civil cases.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年国家患者安全委员会法案", "description_zh": "建立国家患者安全委员会（NPSB）以防止患者安全事件。授权 NPSB 进行监控、研究并提出解决方案。授予请求更改和审查报告的权限。强制进行年度审计。成立患者安全研究部。需要隐私和人工智能合规性。禁止在民事案件中使用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7766/text", "description": "Directs the NIST to establish task forces to develop standards for identifying AI-generated content. Mandates disclosures of AI origins through robust watermarks and content provenance metadata. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护消费者免受人工智能欺骗法案", "description_zh": "指示 NIST 成立工作组来制定识别人工智能生成内容的标准。通过强大的水印和内容来源元数据强制披露人工智能起源。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "CONSENT Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3986", "description": "Establishes a private right of action against individuals sending unsolicited explicit visual depictions. Defines “machine-manipulated media” as AI-modified. Permits recipients to sue for damages and attorney fees. Exempts third-party providers and certain senders. Allows legal guardians to sue for minors. Permits minors to use initials for privacy. Ensures civil remedies do not supersede criminal laws. Includes severability clause.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "同意法", "description_zh": "建立针对发送未经请求的明确视觉描述的个人的私人诉讼权。将“机器操纵的媒体”定义为人工智能修改的。允许接收者提起诉讼，要求赔偿损失和律师费。第三方提供商和某些发件人除外。允许法定监护人为未成年人提起诉讼。出于隐私考虑，允许未成年人使用姓名缩写。确保民事补救措施不会取代刑法。包括可分割性条款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Modernizing Retrospective Regulatory Review", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7533", "description": "Requires agencies to use AI in retrospective reviews of regulations. Directs the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on AI use for identifying obsolete or burdensome regulations. Mandates agency plans and implementation strategies for these AI-assisted reviews.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "现代化回顾性监管审查", "description_zh": "要求各机构使用人工智能对法规进行回顾性审查。指示管理和预算办公室发布人工智能使用指南，以识别过时或繁琐的法规。为这些人工智能辅助审查制定机构计划和实施策略。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Generative AI Copyright Disclosure Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7913", "description": "Requires anyone that creates or alters a training dataset for a generative AI system to submit a notice to the Register of Copyrights detailing copyrighted works used in the dataset 30 days before the model being made available to consumers or 30 days after the Act takes effect. Imposes a $5,000 penalty for non-compliance and instructs the Register to create a public database of filed notices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年生成式 AI 版权披露法案", "description_zh": "要求任何为生成人工智能系统创建或更改训练数据集的人在向消费者提供模型前 30 天或该法案生效后 30 天向版权登记处提交通知，详细说明数据集中使用的受版权保护的作品。对违规行为处以 5,000 美元的罚款，并指示登记处创建已提交通知的公共数据库。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "ENFORCE Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8315", "description": "Amends the Export Control Reform Act to prevent foreign adversaries from exploiting U.S. AI technologies. Defines \"covered AI systems\" posing national security risks. Grants the President authority to control activities related to these systems. Requires licenses for certain exports and related activities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "强制执行法案", "description_zh": "修订《出口管制改革法》，以防止外国对手利用美国人工智能技术。定义构成国家安全风险的“涵盖的人工智能系统”。授予总统控制与这些系统相关的活动的权力。某些出口和相关活动需要许可证。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Child Exploitation and Artificial Intelligence Expert Commission Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8005", "description": "Establishes a Commission of Experts to evaluate the existing capabilities of law enforcement to detect and prosecute child exploitation crimes involving AI, and recommend solutions. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年儿童剥削和人工智能专家委员会法案", "description_zh": "成立专家委员会，评估执法部门侦查和起诉涉及人工智能的儿童剥削犯罪的现有能力，并提出解决方案。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Americas Act, Title II (\"Trade and Investment for the Americas\"), Sec. 255 (\"Transformational Energy Development\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7571", "description": "Establishes a Chief Energy Officer to promote transformational energy technologies, including AI, in energy infrastructure. Requires 30% of project support for these technologies. Mandates annual reporting on such projects. Creates a database for international energy finance coordination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美洲法案》第二章（“美洲贸易和投资”）第 2 节255（“转型能源开发”）", "description_zh": "设立首席能源官，以促进能源基础设施领域的转型能源技术，包括人工智能。这些技术需要 30% 的项目支持。要求对此类项目进行年度报告。创建国际能源金融协调数据库。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Communist China Act, Title VII (\"Matters Related to Defense\"), Sec. 701 (\"Modifications to Use of Emergency Sanctions Authorities Regarding Communist Chinese Military Companies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7476", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in transactions involving sensitive personal data with entities subject to Chinese influence.\n\nRequires the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons dealing in connected software applications under Chinese control, facilitating military, espionage, or mal", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《反共产主义中国法案》第七章（“与国防有关的事项”），第 2 节701（“修改对中共军事公司使用紧急制裁权力”）", "description_zh": "禁止美国人与受中国影响的实体进行涉及敏感个人数据的交易。\n\n要求总统对在中国控制下从事互联软件应用程序交易、为军事、间谍或恶意活动提供便利的外国人实施制裁" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Secure Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4230", "description": "Requires the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to improve accounting for AI security vulnerabilities in their existing databases.\n\nEstablishes an AI Security Center within NSA for research and secure AI practices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年安全人工智能法案", "description_zh": "要求网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 和美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 改进对其现有数据库中人工智能安全漏洞的核算。\n\n在 NSA 内建立人工智能安全中心，用于研究和安全人工智能实践。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Communist China Act, Title I (\"Matters Related to Trade, Investment, and Economic Relations\"), Sec. 101 (\"Preventing Adversaries from Developing Critical Capabilities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7476", "description": "Identify categories of technologies and prohibit certain activities in sectors related to AI development that that poses acute threats to US national security.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《反共产主义中国法案》第一章（“与贸易、投资和经济关系有关的事项”），第 2 节101（“防止对手发展关键能力”）", "description_zh": "确定对美国国家安全构成严重威胁的技术类别，并禁止与人工智能开发相关的领域的某些活动。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Communist China Act, Title I (\"Matters Related to Trade, Investment, and Economic Relations\"), Sec. 102 (\"Sanctions with Respect to Communist Chinese Military and Surveillance Companies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7476", "description": "Requires the President to impose sanctions on AI development activities and ownership by foreign persons to knowingly be involved/associated with the Chinese military and surveillance apparatus. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《反共产主义中国法案》第一章（“与贸易、投资和经济关系有关的事项”），第 2 节102（“对中共军事和监视公司的制裁”）", "description_zh": "要求总统对故意参与/与中国军事和监视机构相关的外国人的人工智能开发活动和所有权实施制裁。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, Title VIII (\"Forestry\"), Sec. 8414 (\"Public-Private Wildfire Technology Deployment and Testbed Partnership\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8467", "description": "Establishes a pilot program for deploying and testing wildfire prevention technologies, prioritizing AI and emerging technologies. Requires collaboration between federal agencies and private entities. Mandates annual reports on technologies tested and potential large-scale adoption. Program expires September 30, 2029.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《农场、食品和国家安全法》第八章（“林业”）第 2 节8414（“公私野火技术部署和测试平台合作”）", "description_zh": "建立部署和测试野火预防技术的试点计划，优先考虑人工智能和新兴技术。需要联邦机构和私人实体之间的合作。强制规定有关已测试技术和潜在大规模采用的年度报告。计划于 2029 年 9 月 30 日到期。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act 2024, Title VII (\"General Provisions\"), Sec. 7032 (\"Democracy Programs\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2438", "description": "Include AI challenges in the President's democracy strategy within 180 days, focusing on digital security, countering disinformation, and AI-related democracy threats. Allocate funds for digital security and counter-disinformation initiatives as part of broader democracy programs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2024 年国务院、海外业务和相关计划拨款法》第七章（“一般规定”）第 2 节7032（“民主计划”）", "description_zh": "在 180 天内将人工智能挑战纳入总统的民主战略，重点关注数字安全、打击虚假信息以及与人工智能相关的民主威胁。作为更广泛的民主计划的一部分，为数字安全和反虚假信息举措分配资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024, Title VI (\"Rural Development\"), Sec. 6303 (\"Promoting Precision Agriculture\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8467", "description": "Requires the Secretary to develop voluntary interconnectivity standards for precision agriculture, considering AI impacts. Directs coordination with industry and government stakeholders. Mandates GAO to assess these standards biannually for 8 years, evaluating voluntary adoption and industry coordination.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《农场、食品和国家安全法》第六章（“农村发展”）第 2 节6303（“推动精准农业”）", "description_zh": "要求部长考虑人工智能的影响，制定精准农业自愿互联标准。指导与行业和政府利益相关者的协调。要求 GAO 在 8 年内每两年评估一次这些标准，评估自愿采用和行业协调。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Countering Communist China Act, Title VI (\"Matters Related to Democracy, Human Rights, and Taiwan\"), Sec. 615 (\"Deterring America's Technological Adversaries Act\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7476", "description": "Prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in transactions involving sensitive personal data with entities subject to Chinese influence.\n\nRequires the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons dealing in connected software applications under Chinese control, facilitating military, espionage, or mal", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Input controls", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Incentives: Criminal liability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《反共产主义中国法案》第六章（“与民主、人权和台湾有关的事项”），第 2 节615（“威慑美国技术对手法案”）", "description_zh": "禁止美国人与受中国影响的实体进行涉及敏感个人数据的交易。\n\n要求总统对在中国控制下从事互联软件应用程序交易、为军事、间谍或恶意活动提供便利的外国人实施制裁" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protect Victims of Digital Exploitation and Manipulation Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7567/text", "description": "Prohibits producing or distributing digital forgeries of intimate visuals without consent, with penalties up to 5 years imprisonment or fines. Exempts good faith distributions for specific purposes. Excludes service providers unless reckless. Defines digital forgery. Establishes extraterritorial jurisdiction. Ensures severability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年保护数字利用和操纵受害者法案", "description_zh": "禁止未经同意制作或传播私密视频的数字伪造品，最高可判处 5 年监禁或罚款。豁免出于特定目的的善意分配。排除服务提供商，除非鲁莽。定义数字伪造。确立域外管辖权。确保可分割性。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Export Controls Enforcement Improvement Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4085", "description": "Establishes the Export Enforcement Coordination Center to coordinate U.S. export control enforcement, focusing on AI and other sensitive technologies. Requires developing best practices to combat unlawful export transshipment. Authorizes $25 million for fiscal year 2025 establishment costs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年出口管制执法改进法案", "description_zh": "建立出口执法协调中心来协调美国出口管制执法，重点关注人工智能和其他敏感技术。需要制定最佳做法来打击非法出口转运。授权 2500 万美元用于 2025 财年的设立费用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI CONSENT Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3975", "description": "Requires companies to obtain informed consent from consumers before using their data for training AI systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能同意法", "description_zh": "要求公司在使用消费者的数据训练人工智能系统之前获得消费者的知情同意。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "TAME Extreme Weather Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3888/text", "description": "Mandates the use of AI by Federal agencies to improve weather forecasts, grid resilience, and resource deployment for extreme weather. Develops AI weather models, enhances emissions monitoring, and establishes a fire modeling program. Encourages public-private partnerships and addresses national security concerns.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "驯服极端天气法案", "description_zh": "要求联邦机构使用人工智能来改善天气预报、电网弹性和极端天气的资源部署。开发人工智能天气模型，加强排放监测，并建立火灾建模程序。鼓励公私伙伴关系并解决国家安全问题。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Free Credit Scores for Consumers Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8143/text", "description": "Requires consumer reporting agencies to provide free credit scores with annual reports upon request. Mandates clear disclosures about differences between credit scores and educational scores. Obligates lenders to provide free credit reports and scores used for underwriting before loan agreements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年消费者免费信用评分法案", "description_zh": "要求消费者报告机构根据要求提供免费信用评分和年度报告。要求明确披露信用评分和教育分数之间的差异。贷方有义务在贷款协议之前提供用于承保的免费信用报告和分数。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Kids Online Safety Act, Title II (Filter Bubble Transparency)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7891/text", "description": "Requires platforms using opaque algorithms to notify users about their use and data application and mandates the option to switch to input-transparent algorithms. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童在线安全法第二章（过滤气泡透明度）", "description_zh": "要求使用不透明算法的平台通知用户其使用情况和数据应用，并强制选择切换到输入透明算法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Future of Artificial Intelligence Innovation Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4178/text", "description": "Establishes the \"Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute\" to assist sectors in AI best practices and innovation. Requires AI research and standards development and mandates an international coalition for AI standards. Directs reporting on regulatory barriers and orders prioritized AI training data and Federal AI challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能未来创新法案", "description_zh": "成立“人工智能安全研究院”，协助行业进行人工智能最佳实践和创新。需要人工智能研究和标准制定，并要求建立人工智能标准国际联盟。指导报告监管障碍，并命令优先考虑人工智能培训数据和联邦人工智能挑战。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Government Surveillance Reform Act of 2023, Title VII (Protection of Car Data from Warrantless Searches)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/3234", "description": "Prohibits law enforcement from accessing vehicle data without a warrant, except with operator consent or in emergencies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年政府监控改革法案第七章（保护汽车数据免遭无授权搜查）", "description_zh": "禁止执法部门在没有搜查令的情况下访问车辆数据，除非经操作员同意或在紧急情况下。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Community and Hydropower Improvement Act, Sec. 4 (Approach to Environmental Review)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1521", "description": "Amends the Energy Policy Act to require the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to collaborate with agencies and tribes for environmental assessments. Considers project effects and requires use of open-source models. Evaluates impacts on grid reliability and energy prices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "社区和水电改进法，第 2 节4（环境审查方法）", "description_zh": "修订《能源政策法》，要求联邦能源管理委员会与各机构和部落合作进行环境评估。考虑项目效果，要求使用开源模型。评估对电网可靠性和能源价格的影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A Stronger Workforce for America Act, Chapter 3 (Performance Accountability)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6655", "description": "Amends the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to allow states to use machine learning and advanced analytics in the improvement of state program operations and outcomes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Government support" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《增强美国劳动力法案》，第 3 章（绩效问责制）", "description_zh": "修订《劳动力创新和机会法案》，允许各州使用机器学习和高级分析来改进州计划的运作和结果。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Border Act of 2024, General Provisions Title", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4361/text", "description": "Allocates $170 million for autonomous surveillance towers using AI for border security. Requires open competition for AI-enhanced non-intrusive inspection technology. Defines autonomous systems as those using AI to identify items of interest. Requires quarterly updates on AI technology impacts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年边境法，一般规定 标题", "description_zh": "拨款 1.7 亿美元用于使用人工智能实现边境安全的自主监控塔。需要对人工智能增强的非侵入式检测技术进行公开竞争。将自主系统定义为使用人工智能来识别感兴趣的项目的系统。需要每季度更新人工智能技术的影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "NSF AI Education Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4394/text", "description": "Establishes the NSF AI Education Act of 2024, providing scholarships for AI and quantum hybrid computing studies at undergraduate and graduate levels. Creates AI-focused professional development fellowships, training grants for agriculture, and AI excellence centers. Promotes AI education, outreach, and workforce frameworks, prioritizing underserved areas and diverse institutions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 NSF 人工智能教育法案", "description_zh": "制定《2024 年 NSF 人工智能教育法案》，为本科生和研究生的人工智能和量子混合计算研究提供奖学金。创建以人工智能为重点的专业发展奖学金、农业培训补助金和人工智能卓越中心。促进人工智能教育、推广和劳动力框架，优先考虑服务不足的地区和多元化机构。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Advancement and Reliability Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9497", "description": "Establishes the Center for AI Advancement and Reliability to lead efforts in AI research and development, and the evaluation of AI systems' robustness, resilience, and safety.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能进步和可靠性法案", "description_zh": "建立人工智能进步和可靠性中心，领导人工智能研究和开发，以及评估人工智能系统的鲁棒性、弹性和安全性。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Lummis-Gillibrand Payment Stablecoin Act (Sec. 1-3)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4155/text", "description": "Prohibits issuing algorithmic payment stablecoins. Requires registration or authorization for issuing payment stablecoins in the U.S. Limits issuance by non-depository trust companies to $10 billion. Establishes safe harbors for limited issuance and foreign regulatory equivalence. Adjusts thresholds for inflation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Lummis-Gillibrand 支付稳定币法案（第 1-3 节）", "description_zh": "禁止发行算法支付稳定币。在美国发行支付稳定币需要注册或授权。将非存款信托公司的发行额限制在 100 亿美元。为有限发行和外国监管等效建立安全港。调整通货膨胀阈值。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Technology in the Parks Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8494/text", "description": "Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to extend E-rate support to local parks. \n\nAuthorizes the Secretary of Labor to establish a grant program for technology training programs directed towards needy families in local parks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年公园技术法案", "description_zh": "修订 1934 年《通信法》，将电子费率支持范围扩大到当地公园。 \n\n授权劳工部长制定一项针对当地公园贫困家庭的技术培训项目拨款计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Promoting Responsible Evaluation and Procurement to Advance Readiness for Enterprise-wide Deployment for Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4495/text", "description": "Establishes a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers Council. Mandates risk classification for AI use. Prohibits specific AI activities, including emotion detection. Directs procurement updates. Requires AI risk evaluation and monitoring. Stipulates documentation and transparency. Establishes annual reporting. Prohibits high-risk AI uses.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "促进负责任的评估和采购，以促进企业范围内人工智能部署的准备法案", "description_zh": "设立首席人工智能官委员会。强制对人工智能的使用进行风险分类。禁止特定的人工智能活动，包括情绪检测。指导采购更新。需要人工智能风险评估和监控。规定文件记录和透明度。建立年度报告。禁止高风险人工智能使用。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Innovation and Development for Efficiency Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4896/text", "description": "Requires the National Science Foundation to support research on AI-enabled efficient technologies, focusing on smart grids, transportation, and emissions reduction. Emphasizes impact assessments and prioritizes projects at EPSCoR institutions. Mandates reporting findings and recommendations to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能创新与发展效率法案", "description_zh": "要求国家科学基金会支持人工智能高效技术的研究，重点关注智能电网、交通和减排。强调影响评估并优先考虑 EPSCoR 机构的项目。授权向国会报告调查结果和建议。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sensible Classification Act of 2023, Sec. 7: Implementation of Technology for Classification and Declassification", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5977", "description": "Calls for using machine learning and artificial intelligence for both classification and declassification of national security information and security clearance eligibility assessment. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年合理分类法第 2 节7：分类与解密技术的实现", "description_zh": "呼吁使用机器学习和人工智能进行国家安全信息的分类和解密以及安全许可资格评估。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Securing Elections From AI Deception Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8858/text", "description": "Official source record dated 03 January 2025 for United States of America concerning Securing Elections From AI Deception Act. See the linked congress.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保选举免受人工智能欺骗法案", "description_zh": "禁止利用人工智能干扰选举、剥夺个人投票权。强制要求对与选举相关的人工智能生成内容提供免责声明。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Leadership To Enable Accountable Deployment Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8756/text", "description": "Establishes the Chief AI Officers Council to promote and coordinate AI innovation and risk management. Requires each agency to appoint a CAIO responsible for developing and implementing AI strategies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能领导力推动负责任部署法案", "description_zh": "成立首席人工智能官委员会，以促进和协调人工智能创新和风险管理。要求每个机构任命一名 CAIO 负责制定和实施人工智能战略。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Nucleic Acid Standards for Biosecurity Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9194/text", "description": "Amends the law to develop best practices and technical standards for managing AI-related risks in engineering biology. Establishes a consortium to create guidelines for nucleic acid synthesis screening. Allocates $5 million annually for 2025-2029 for these activities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生物安全法核酸标准", "description_zh": "修订法律，制定管理工程生物学中人工智能相关风险的最佳实践和技术标准。建立一个联盟来制定核酸合成筛选指南。 2025-2029 年每年为这些活动拨款 500 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "AI Development Practices Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9466", "description": "Amends the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act to require developing voluntary AI development guidelines. Focuses on risk management, communication practices, and collaboration. Involves public reporting, security measures, and international standards alignment. Mandates committee briefings 18 months post-enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能开发实践法案", "description_zh": "修订《国家标准与技术研究所法案》，要求制定自愿的人工智能开发指南。专注于风险管理、沟通实践和协作。涉及公共报告、安全措施和国际标准协调。授权委员会在颁布 18 个月后进行简报。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Consumer Literacy and Empowerment to Advance Responsible Navigation of Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4838", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Commerce to develop a national strategy and conduct a public campaign in collaboration with federal, state, and industry partners to enhance AI consumer literacy and promote understanding of AI capabilities and limitations for informed decision making. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "消费者素养和赋权促进人工智能负责任的导航法案", "description_zh": "指示商务部长与联邦、州和行业合作伙伴合作制定国家战略并开展公共活动，以提高人工智能消费者的素养并促进对人工智能功能和局限性的理解，以做出明智的决策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Atomic Supply Chain Solutions Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9200", "description": "Analyzes potential AI applications in the nuclear supply chain, including cybersecurity, efficiency, maintenance, and workforce training. Evaluates AI's role in identifying counterfeit components and economic considerations. Considers regulatory challenges related to AI usage in the nuclear industry.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "原子供应链解决方案法案", "description_zh": "分析核供应链中潜在的人工智能应用，包括网络安全、效率、维护和劳动力培训。评估人工智能在识别假冒组件和经济考虑方面的作用。考虑与核工业中人工智能使用相关的监管挑战。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Workforce of the Future Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5031", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Education to award grants for expanding AI and technology education from pre-K to high school. Directs the Secretary of Labor and others to report on AI's workforce impact, emphasizing skills development. Authorizes funding for workforce upskilling and education.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年未来劳动力法案", "description_zh": "要求教育部长拨款，将人工智能和技术教育从学前教育扩展到高中。指示劳工部长和其他人报告人工智能对劳动力的影响，强调技能发展。授权为劳动力技能提升和教育提供资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Department of Energy Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9671", "description": "Establishes a Department of Energy program to advance AI research and development across various sectors, including security, energy, and infrastructure. Supports AI innovation, data management, facility upgrades, risk management, and partnerships. Allocates $300 million annually from 2025-2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "能源部 2024 年人工智能法案", "description_zh": "设立能源部计划，推动安全、能源和基础设施等各个领域的人工智能研究和开发。支持人工智能创新、数据管理、设施升级、风险管理和合作伙伴关系。从 2025 年到 2030 年，每年拨款 3 亿美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Civilian Agency AI Watermark Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9042", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to consult with relevant directors to develop an AI watermark system for civilian agency applications. Authorizes necessary appropriations annually for this purpose.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "民事机构人工智能水印法", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长与相关主管协商，开发供民用机构应用的人工智能水印系统。每年为此目的授权必要的拨款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Veterans Online Information and Cybersecurity Empowerment Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9583", "description": "Establishes a grant program to enhance veterans' digital literacy and cybersecurity skills. Promotes media literacy, critical thinking, and understanding of foreign influence tactics. Requires grant recipients and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to report on program effectiveness. Allocates $20 million for specified fiscal years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年退伍军人在线信息和网络安全赋权法案", "description_zh": "建立赠款计划，以提高退伍军人的数字素养和网络安全技能。提高媒体素养、批判性思维以及对外国影响策略的理解。要求赠款接受者和退伍军人事务部长报告计划的有效性。为特定财政年度拨款 2000 万美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Digital Social Platform Transparency Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9126", "description": "Requires digital social companies to post and translate terms of service, including content moderation details, within 180 days. Mandates semiannual reports to the Attorney General on terms of service updates and content moderation practices. Imposes penalties for non-compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字社交平台透明度法案", "description_zh": "要求数字社交公司在 180 天内发布并翻译服务条款，包括内容审核详细信息。授权每半年向总检察长报告服务更新条款和内容审核实践。对违规行为实施处罚。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Forecasting Optimization for Robust Earth Climate Analysis and Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Tracking Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4907/text", "description": "Establishes the Weather and Earth System Modeling and Data Assimilation Workforce Innovation Program to advance AI in forecasting. Prioritizes multi-model ensemble systems, emerging technologies, and workforce development. Authorizes significant appropriations for research and operational advancements in weather prediction.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "稳健地球气候分析的预测优化和 2024 年次季节到季节跟踪法案", "description_zh": "建立天气和地球系统建模和数据同化劳动力创新计划，以推进人工智能在预测领域的发展。优先考虑多模型集成系统、新兴技术和劳动力发展。授权为天气预报的研究和业务进步提供大量拨款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Transformational Artificial intelligence to Modernize the Economy against Extreme Weather Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9498/text", "description": "Develops advanced AI applications for weather forecasting, enhances AI weather model integration, and improves emissions monitoring. Supports AI use to predict extreme weather impacts and fires. Encourages public-private partnerships and workforce development, ensuring data access while safeguarding national security and intellectual property.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "变革性人工智能使经济现代化应对极端天气法案", "description_zh": "开发先进的人工智能天气预报应用程序，增强人工智能天气模型集成，并改进排放监测。支持人工智能用于预测极端天气影响和火灾。鼓励公私伙伴关系和劳动力发展，确保数据访问，同时维护国家安全和知识产权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "NSF and USDA Interagency Research Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8613/text", "description": "Require collaborative AI research by the USDA and NSF, emphasizing emerging technologies like AI, machine learning, and robotics for agriculture. Establish memoranda of understanding, promote data sharing, and support infrastructure and workforce development. Report on achievements and opportunities biennially.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国国家科学基金会和美国农业部跨部门研究法案", "description_zh": "需要美国农业部和国家科学基金会合作进行人工智能研究，强调人工智能、机器学习和农业机器人等新兴技术。建立谅解备忘录，促进数据共享，并支持基础设施和劳动力发展。每两年报告一次成就和机会。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Ending FCC Meddling in Our Elections Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4594", "description": "Prohibits the Federal Communications Commission from creating or enforcing rules about disclosing AI-generated content in political advertisements, as outlined in a May 22, 2024, draft proposal by the Commission's Chairwoman.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "终止 FCC 干预我们的选举法案", "description_zh": "禁止联邦通信委员会制定或执行有关在政治广告中披露人工智能生成内容的规则，如该委员会主席 2024 年 5 月 22 日的提案草案所述。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Detection Equipment and Technology Evaluation to Counter the Threat of Fentanyl and Xylazine Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8663/text", "description": "Amends the Homeland Security Act to enhance drug detection capabilities using AI, requiring research and development of equipment for law enforcement. Directs adherence to AI risk management guidelines and prioritization based on DEA threat reports.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "应对芬太尼和甲苯噻嗪威胁的检测设备和技术评估 2024 年法案", "description_zh": "修订《国土安全法》，以增强使用人工智能的毒品检测能力，要求研发执法设备。指导遵守人工智能风险管理指南并根据 DEA 威胁报告确定优先级。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security Information Technology Modernization Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9247", "description": "Requires the Bureau of Industry and Security to integrate AI, machine learning, and advanced tools into IT systems. Mandates data fusion and analytics for export controls. Enhances data sharing and security. Allocates $25 million annually through 2028 for modernization.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业安全局信息技术现代化法", "description_zh": "要求工业和安全局将人工智能、机器学习和先进工具集成到 IT 系统中。要求出口管制的数据融合和分析。增强数据共享和安全性。到 2028 年，每年拨款 2500 万美元用于现代化改造。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Protecting Patients from Deceptive Drug Ads Online Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5040", "description": "Amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to penalize false or misleading drug communications by social media influencers and healthcare providers. Requires guidance and regulations for telehealth providers. Authorizes FDA to conduct AI-enhanced market surveillance of drug promotions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保护患者免受在线欺骗性药品广告法案", "description_zh": "修订《联邦食品、药品和化妆品法》，以惩罚社交媒体影响者和医疗保健提供者虚假或误导性的药品传播。需要远程医疗提供者的指导和法规。授权 FDA 对药品促销进行人工智能增强的市场监控。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "S.4870, A bill to require reports on artificial intelligence regulation in the financial services industry.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4870", "description": "Require federal financial agencies to report to Congress on AI knowledge gaps, usage, governance standards, regulatory needs, interagency issues, and resource requirements within 90 days. Exclude confidential supervisory and nonpublic information from reports.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.4870，一项要求金融服务行业人工智能监管报告的法案。", "description_zh": "要求联邦金融机构在 90 天内向国会报告人工智能知识差距、使用情况、治理标准、监管需求、机构间问题和资源需求。从报告中排除机密监管信息和非公开信息。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Supercritical Geothermal Research and Development Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8665/text", "description": "Amends the Energy Independence and Security Act to incorporate machine learning in geothermal research. Establishes a supercritical geothermal research program focusing on supercritical conditions. Requires periodic updates to geothermal data repositories. Authorizes funding for research and development through 2030.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "超临界地热研究与开发法案", "description_zh": "修订《能源独立与安全法案》，将机器学习纳入地热研究。建立以超临界条件为重点的超临界地热研究计划。需要定期更新地热数据存储库。授权到 2030 年为研究和开发提供资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "State Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8769/all-actions", "description": "Amends the Energy Policy and Conservation Act to establish a Flex-Tech Energy Program. Provides financial assistance for manufacturers to enhance competitiveness, including AI adoption. Allocates funding, emphasizes technical assistance, and mandates a minimum 5% funding for Indian Tribes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年国家工业竞争力法", "description_zh": "修订《能源政策和节约法案》以建立 Flex-Tech 能源计划。为制造商提供财务援助，以增强竞争力，包括采用人工智能。分配资金，强调技术援助，并规定为印第安部落提供至少 5% 的资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Social Media and AI Resiliency Toolkits in Schools Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4614/text", "description": "Mandates development and updates of AI and social media impact toolkits on youth. Requires stakeholder consultation. Specifies evidence-based content on digital resilience. Directs tailored guidance inclusion. Instructs dissemination through institutions. Authorizes $2,000,000 for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "学校社交媒体和人工智能弹性工具包法案", "description_zh": "要求开发和更新人工智能和社交媒体影响青年的工具包。需要利益相关者协商。指定有关数字弹性的基于证据的内容。指导定制指导内容。指导通过机构进行传播。授权 2,000,000 美元用于实施。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "H.R. 9626, To direct the Department of Defense to develop a plan for the establishment of a secure computing and data storage environment for the testing of artificial intelligence trained on biological data, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9626", "description": "Establishes a secure AIxBio sandbox for testing AI trained on biological data. Designates the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering to manage it. Involves selecting defense-applicable projects and facilitating partnerships with DoD and academic labs. Requires reporting to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "H.R. 9626，指示国防部制定一项计划，建立安全的计算和数据存储环境，用于测试经过生物数据训练的人工智能以及其他目的。", "description_zh": "建立安全的 AIxBio 沙箱，用于测试基于生物数据训练的 AI。指定负责研究和工程的国防部副部长来管理它。涉及选择国防适用的项目并促进与国防部和学术实验室的合作伙伴关系。需要向国会报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "National Windstorm Impact Reduction Program Reauthorization Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9252", "description": "Integrates machine learning and advanced technologies into windstorm research, supporting interdisciplinary collaborations. Enhances understanding of climate change impacts on windstorms. Allocates funding for research, infrastructure, and resilience measures to mitigate windstorm effects across diverse communities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年国家风暴影响减少计划重新授权法案", "description_zh": "将机器学习和先进技术融入风暴研究中，支持跨学科合作。增强对气候变化对风暴影响的了解。为研究、基础设施和复原力措施分配资金，以减轻风暴对不同社区的影响。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "S.4862, A bill to ensure that new advances in artificial intelligence are ethically adopted to improve the health of all individuals, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4862/text", "description": "Amends the Public Health Service Act to require NIH to develop AI resources and datasets for health research, and to provide education for ethical AI use. Requires hospitals to request patients' consent for EHR data sharing. Allocates $660 million for AI initiatives.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "S.4862，一项法案，旨在确保人工智能的新进步在道德上得到采用，以改善所有人的健康，并用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "修订《公共卫生服务法》，要求 NIH 开发用于健康研究的人工智能资源和数据集，并提供道德使用人工智能的教育。要求医院就 EHR 数据共享征求患者的同意。为人工智能计划拨款 6.6 亿美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Improving Seniors’ Timely Access to Care Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4532", "description": "Requires Medicare Advantage plans to implement electronic prior authorization programs by 2027, ensuring secure data transmission and compliance with technical standards. Mandates transparency in technology use, including AI, and reporting on decision-making, appeals, and access impacts. Establishes enrollee protection standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《改善老年人及时获得护理服务法案》", "description_zh": "要求 Medicare Advantage 计划到 2027 年实施电子事先授权计划，确保数据传输安全并符合技术标准。要求技术使用（包括人工智能）的透明度，以及决策、申诉和访问影响的报告。建立参与者保护标准。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sec. 103, Supporting Affordability and Fairness with Every Bet Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5057", "description": "Prohibits sports wagering operators from using AI to track individual wagers, target promotions, or create gambling products like microbets. Requires operators to follow strict data security and consumer protection standards, including preventing underage gambling and ensuring contest integrity.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "秒。 103，支持每一次投注的可负担性和公平性", "description_zh": "禁止体育博彩运营商使用人工智能来跟踪个人投注、定位促销或创建微赌等赌博产品。要求运营商遵循严格的数据安全和消费者保护标准，包括防止未成年人赌博和确保比赛诚信。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Modernizing Retrospective Regulatory Review Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4434", "description": "Requires the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on using AI and technology for retrospective regulatory reviews. Mandates agencies to submit and implement plans for reviewing regulations using this guidance, identifying obsolete or burdensome regulations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "现代化回顾性监管审查法", "description_zh": "要求管理和预算办公室发布有关使用人工智能和技术进行回顾性监管审查的指南。授权各机构使用本指南提交并实施审查法规的计划，识别过时或繁琐的法规。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Modernizing Wildfire Safety and Prevention Act of 2024, Section 405 (\"Joint Office of the Fire Environment Center (Report Recommendations 104, 105, 106)\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8656/text", "description": "Establishes a Joint Office to test AI/ML for fire management, supporting risk modeling and resource allocation. Requires collaboration with local entities and data sharing. Ensures development of decision support tools and air quality monitoring, with a $150 million annual budget.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2024 年野火安全与预防现代化法案》第 405 条（“火灾环境中心联合办公室（报告建议 104、105、106）”）", "description_zh": "建立联合办公室来测试用于消防管理的人工智能/机器学习，支持风险建模和资源分配。需要与当地实体合作并共享数据。确保决策支持工具和空气质量监测的开发，年度预算为 1.5 亿美元。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A Bill to prohibit certain uses of automated decision systems by employers, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2419", "description": "Restricts the use of automated decision systems for employment-related decisions, including by requiring such systems to be tested for efficacy, non-discrimination, and relevant laws & standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止雇主将自动决策系统用于某些目的以及用于其他目的的法案。", "description_zh": "限制使用自动化决策系统进行与就业相关的决策，包括要求对此类系统进行有效性、非歧视性以及相关法律和标准的测试。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sec. 2501. Corporate Citizenship and Ownership, Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2597", "description": "Requires operators of dominant online platforms with owners (including minority owners) who are citizens of foreign adversaries of the U.S. to sequester data and algorithms from agents of any foreign entity.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "秒。 2501. 企业公民和所有权，2023 年数字消费者保护委员会法案", "description_zh": "要求其所有者（包括少数所有者）为美国外国对手公民的主导在线平台的运营商从任何外国实体的代理人处扣押数据和算法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Content Origin Protection and Integrity from Edited and Deepfaked Media Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4674", "description": "Requires transparency in AI-generated content, mandates development of standards for content provenance, and prohibits tampering with provenance information. Enforces compliance through FTC and state actions. Penalizes unauthorized AI training using non-consensual content. Establishes public-private partnerships for developing standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《内容来源保护和编辑和深造媒体法案》的完整性", "description_zh": "要求人工智能生成的内容具有透明度，要求制定内容来源标准，并禁止篡改来源信息。通过 FTC 和州政府行动强制遵守规定。惩罚使用未经同意的内容进行未经授权的人工智能培训。建立公私伙伴关系以制定标准。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2024, Sec 1013 (\"Task Force on Preventing Bias in AI and Algorithms\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9161", "description": "Establishes a Task Force to provide guidance on preventing AI and algorithmic bias in healthcare. Requires examination of AI's impact on civil rights, health disparities, and outcomes. Mandates a report to Congress and public comment period.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年健康公平和责任法案第 1013 条（“防止人工智能和算法偏见工作组”）", "description_zh": "建立一个工作组，为防止医疗保健领域的人工智能和算法偏差提供指导。需要检查人工智能对公民权利、健康差异和结果的影响。授权向国会提交报告并在公众意见征询期进行。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To provide for citizen engagement on the development and adoption of Federal civilian agency use of artificial intelligence, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9044", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to conduct listening sessions with various organizations on AI use by federal agencies. Encourages similar sessions by these entities. Mandates annual reports to Congress on public opinions about federal AI adoption.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "让公民参与联邦民事机构使用人工智能的开发和采用以及其他目的。", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长就联邦机构使用人工智能的问题与各个组织举行听证会。鼓励这些实体举办类似的会议。授权向国会提交有关联邦人工智能采用的公众意见的年度报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sec. 2412. Duty of Care, Digital Consumer Protection Commission Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/2597", "description": "Prohibits non-governmental entities from designing or employing AI, or handling data, in ways that will harm people or discriminate either (a) on the basis of protected class or (b) in granting access to important opportunities and services.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "秒。 2412. 注意义务，2023 年数字消费者保护委员会法案", "description_zh": "禁止非政府实体以伤害他人或 (a) 基于受保护类别或 (b) 授予重要机会和服务的方式进行歧视的方式设计或使用人工智能或处理数据。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "MedShield Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5222", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to implement the MedShield program using AI for pandemic preparedness. Leverages AI for pathogen surveillance, vaccine and therapeutic development. Allocates funding from 2025 to 2029 for program execution.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年 MedShield 法案", "description_zh": "要求卫生与公众服务部部长利用人工智能实施 MedShield 计划，以应对大流行病。利用人工智能进行病原体监测、疫苗和治疗开发。为计划执行分配 2025 年至 2029 年的资金。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to establish protections for individual rights with respect to computational algorithms, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5152/text", "description": "Prohibits discriminatory use of AI algorithms and mandates pre- and post-deployment evaluations. Requires transparency in algorithm use. Enforces compliance through Federal Trade Commission oversight, state actions, and private lawsuits. Establishes resources for algorithm auditing and consumer awareness initiatives.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项旨在保护计算算法和其他目的个人权利的法案。", "description_zh": "禁止歧视性使用人工智能算法，并强制要求进行部署前和部署后评估。要求算法使用透明。通过联邦贸易委员会的监督、国家行动和私人诉讼强制遵守规定。为算法审核和消费者意识倡议建立资源。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "A bill to require the Secretary of Defense to carry out a pilot program on using artificial intelligence-enabled software to optimize the workflow and operations of depots, shipyards, and other manufacturing facilities run by the Department of Defense, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4758/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to initiate a pilot program using AI-enabled software for optimizing Department of Defense facility operations. Mandates a $35 million minimum expenditure and consultation with military branches. Obligates a detailed evaluation report within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "该法案要求国防部长开展一项试点计划，使用人工智能软件来优化国防部运营的仓库、造船厂和其他制造设施的工作流程和运营，以及用于其他目的。", "description_zh": "要求国防部长启动一项使用人工智能软件的试点计划，以优化国防部设施的运营。规定最低支出为 3500 万美元，并与军事部门协商。必须在一年内提供详细的评估报告。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Title V, Section 510 (\"Management of artificial intelligence security risks\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4443/text", "description": "Requires the National Institute of Standards and Technology to update vulnerability management processes for AI security risks. Establishes a voluntary database to track AI security and safety incidents. Evaluates standards for AI vulnerability reporting. Encourages best practices for AI supply chain risks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年情报授权法，第五章，第 510 节（“人工智能安全风险管理”）", "description_zh": "要求美国国家标准技术研究院更新人工智能安全风险的漏洞管理流程。建立自愿数据库来跟踪人工智能安全和安全事件。评估人工智能漏洞报告的标准。鼓励针对人工智能供应链风险的最佳实践。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Title V, Section 505 (\"Establishment of Artificial Intelligence Security Center\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4443/text", "description": "Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Security Center within the NSA. Provides a research test bed, develops counter-AI guidance, promotes secure AI adoption, and coordinates with NIST. Ensures access to proprietary models for qualified researchers and sets usage terms.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年情报授权法，第五章，第 505 节（“建立人工智能安全中心”）", "description_zh": "在国家安全局内建立人工智能安全中心。提供研究测试平台，制定反人工智能指南，促进安全人工智能采用，并与 NIST 协调。确保合格的研究人员能够访问专有模型并设置使用条款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "STAND with Taiwan Act of 2024, Section 11 (\"Prohibition on investments by United States financial institutions that benefit the Government of the People's Republic of China or the Chinese Communist Party\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4789/text", "description": "Prohibits U.S. financial institutions from investing in entities tied to China's government or military and sectors like AI, robotics, and quantum computing, as identified in strategic plans like \"Made in China 2025\" and the \"14th Five Year Smart Manufacturing Development Plan.\"", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2024 年支持台湾法案》第 11 条（“禁止美国金融机构进行有利于中华人民共和国政府或中国共产党的投资”）", "description_zh": "禁止美国金融机构投资与中国政府或军队相关的实体以及“中国制造2025”和“十四五智能制造发展规划”等战略计划中确定的人工智能、机器人和量子计算等领域。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Fix Our Forests Act, Section 102 (\"Fireshed Center\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8790/text", "description": "Establishes a Fireshed Center to assess and predict fire and smoke using AI and data tools. Promotes coordination, data sharing, and streamlined processes among federal agencies and other entities. Disseminates AI-based decision support products for fire risk reduction and recovery.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修复我们的森林法，第 102 条（“火灾中心”）", "description_zh": "建立火灾中心，利用人工智能和数据工具评估和预测火灾和烟雾。促进联邦机构和其他实体之间的协调、数据共享和简化流程。传播基于人工智能的决策支持产品，以减少火灾风险并进行恢复。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Title V, Section 504 (\"National security procedures to address certain risks and threats relating to artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4443/text", "description": "Requires the President to develop procedures for notifying the government of AI-related security risks. Mandates government threat briefings to AI vendors. Obligates a briefing to Congress on agency responsibilities, industry outreach, and public education plans regarding AI risks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年情报授权法，第五章，第 504 节（“解决与人工智能相关的某些风险和威胁的国家安全程序”）", "description_zh": "要求总统制定向政府通报人工智能相关安全风险的程序。要求政府向人工智能供应商提供威胁简报。有义务向国会通报有关人工智能风险的机构职责、行业外展和公共教育计划。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Fix Our Forests Act, Section 303 (\"Public-private wildfire technology deployment and demonstration partnership\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8790/text", "description": "Establishes a pilot program for deploying innovative wildfire technologies. Prioritizes AI, quantum sensing, and other emerging technologies. Requires reporting on technology deployment, costs, and recommendations for scalable adoption. Connects private entities with federal agencies for real-time testing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《修复我们的森林法案》第 303 条（“公私野火技术部署和示范伙伴关系”）", "description_zh": "制定部署创新野火技术的试点计划。优先考虑人工智能、量子传感和其他新兴技术。需要报告技术部署、成本和可扩展采用的建议。将私人实体与联邦机构连接起来进行实时测试。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "SAFE Bet Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9590/text", "description": "Prohibits the use of AI in tracking wagers, creating targeted promotions, and developing gambling products in sports wagering operations. Requires sports wagering programs to include consumer protection, integrity standards, and restrictions on AI use. Establishes a national self-exclusion list and mandates annual surveys on problem gambling.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安全投注法", "description_zh": "禁止在体育博彩业务中使用人工智能跟踪投注、创建有针对性的促销活动以及开发赌博产品。要求体育博彩项目包括消费者保护、诚信标准和人工智能使用限制。建立全国自我排除名单，并强制要求对问题赌博进行年度调查。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Synthetic Biology Advancement Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4413", "description": "Establishes a National Synthetic Biology Center to award grants for projects integrating AI and synthetic biology in agriculture. Prioritizes research on gene editing, digital agriculture, and AI applications. Requires reporting on funded research and innovation progress to Congress biennially.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年合成生物学进步法案", "description_zh": "建立国家合成生物学中心，为将人工智能和合成生物学整合到农业中的项目提供资助。优先研究基因编辑、数字农业和人工智能应用。要求每两年向国会报告资助的研究和创新进展。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "American Medical Innovation and Investment Act of 2024 (Sec. 5)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8816", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services to issue guidance by January 1, 2026, on Medicare payment requirements for remote monitoring devices with AI components that transmit data to healthcare providers for patient management and treatment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年美国医疗创新和投资法案（第 5 条）", "description_zh": "要求卫生与公众服务部部长在 2026 年 1 月 1 日之前发布关于带有 AI 组件的远程监控设备的 Medicare 支付要求的指南，这些设备可将数据传输给医疗保健提供者以进行患者管理和治疗。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Supporting Innovation in Agriculture Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9263", "description": "Establishes a 30% tax credit for investments in innovative agricultural technology, including AI systems, precision agriculture, and controlled environment agriculture, effective for property construction starting after January 1, 2023. Defines eligible technology types and project criteria.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年支持农业创新法案", "description_zh": "对创新农业技术（包括人工智能系统、精准农业和受控环境农业）的投资设立 30% 的税收抵免，自 2023 年 1 月 1 日起对房地产建设有效。定义了合格的技术类型和项目标准。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Drone Safety and Efficiency Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3983", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to adopt a performance and risk-based approach when reviewing requests for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) to be waived from existing regulations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无人机安全与效率法", "description_zh": "要求美国联邦航空管理局局长在审查小型无人机系统（sUAS）豁免现有法规的请求时采用基于绩效和风险的方法。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Combat Chinese Economic Aggression Act of 2024, Section 4 (\"Protection of covered sectors.\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/5016/text", "description": "Amends the Defense Production Act to restrict U.S. persons from engaging in covered activities involving AI and other sectors with countries of concern. Requires notification of certain activities, mandates regulations, and authorizes penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年《打击中国经济侵略法》第 4 条（“保护所涉行业”）", "description_zh": "修订《国防生产法》，限制美国人参与涉及人工智能和其他受关注国家领域的活动。要求对某些活动进行通知、强制执行法规并授权对违规行为进行处罚。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "No CCP Consultants Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/6146", "description": "Prohibits the Department of State from working with contractors who have previously consulted for or fail to disclose conflicts of interest relating to foreign entities that pose national security or foreign policy concerns, including any Chinese state-owned entity or entity under the ownership and control of the PRC or CCP that is engaged in national security industries, such as producing AI-related products and services. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "无中共顾问法", "description_zh": "禁止国务院与之前曾为涉及国家安全或外交政策问题的外国实体提供咨询或未能披露利益冲突的承包商合作，这些实体包括任何中国国有实体或由中华人民共和国或中共拥有和控制的从事国家安全产业（例如生产人工智能相关产品和服务）的实体。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Land Grant Research Prioritization Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/4162", "description": "Amends the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 to allow research and extension grants to be made for developing agricultural applications of AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年土地赠款研究优先法案", "description_zh": "修订 1990 年《食品、农业、保护和贸易法》，允许为开发人工智能的农业应用提供研究和推广资助。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Platform Accountability and Transparency Act, Section 9 (\"Rulemaking authority\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1876", "description": "Mandates regulations for data provision, public content repositories, and ad disclosure. Compels algorithm reporting and content moderation transparency. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《平台责任与透明度法案》第 9 条（“规则制定机构”）", "description_zh": "强制规定数据提供、公共内容存储库和广告披露。强制算法报告和内容审核透明度。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Providing Individuals Various Opportunities for Technical Training to Build a Skills-Based Cyber Workforce Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/9770", "description": "Expands CISA education and training programs to community colleges and technical schools, focusing on cyber-relevant fields, including AI. Provides scholarships, internships, and service obligations. Requires participation in skills-based exercises and aims to enroll 10,000 students annually within ten years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "为个人提供各种技术培训机会，以建立基于技能的网络劳动力 2024 年法案", "description_zh": "将 CISA 教育和培训计划扩展到社区学院和技术学校，重点关注包括人工智能在内的网络相关领域。提供奖学金、实习和服务义务。要求参加基于技能的练习，目标是在十年内每年招收 10,000 名学生。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sustaining America’s Fisheries for the Future Act of 2024, Title IV, Section 401 (\"Data modernization.\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8862/text", "description": "Encourages the use of electronic technologies for fisheries data collection, including AI applications. Requires periodic reviews and reports on these technologies. Establishes an innovation prize and advisory panel to advance electronic technologies in fisheries management, focusing on AI and machine learning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2024 年维持美国渔业未来法案》第四章第 401 节（“数据现代化”）", "description_zh": "鼓励使用电子技术收集渔业数据，包括人工智能应用。需要定期审查和报告这些技术。设立创新奖和顾问小组，以推进渔业管理中的电子技术，重点关注人工智能和机器学习。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Sustaining America’s Fisheries for the Future Act of 2024, Title IV, Section 402 (\"Expanding and improving electronic technologies.\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8862/text", "description": "Encourages the use of electronic technologies for fisheries data collection, including AI applications. Requires periodic reviews and reports on these technologies. Establishes an innovation prize and advisory panel to advance electronic technologies in fisheries management, focusing on AI and machine learning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2024 年维持美国渔业未来法案》第四章第 402 节（“扩展和改进电子技术”）", "description_zh": "鼓励使用电子技术收集渔业数据，包括人工智能应用。需要定期审查和报告这些技术。设立创新奖和顾问小组，以推进渔业管理中的电子技术，重点关注人工智能和机器学习。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "WIOA Performance Accountability Improvement Act, Section 2, Subsection (c) (\"Evaluation of State programs.\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4501/text", "description": "Amends the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to permit states to use machine learning and advanced analytics for improving program operations, outcomes, and evaluation, enhancing data-driven decision-making in state programs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《WIOA 绩效问责改进法》第 2 条 (c) 小节（“国家计划评估”）", "description_zh": "修订《劳动力创新和机会法案》，允许各州使用机器学习和高级分析来改进项目运营、成果和评估，增强州项目中数据驱动的决策。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to establish technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded voice systems created through generative artificial intelligence, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8939/text", "description": "Amends the Communications Act of 1934 to include technical and procedural standards for artificial or prerecorded voice systems, specifically addressing generative AI technologies like voice cloning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订 1934 年《通信法》，为通过生成人工智能创建的人工或预先录制的语音系统以及其他目的建立技术和程序标准。", "description_zh": "修订 1934 年《通信法》，纳入人工或预录语音系统的技术和程序标准，特别针对语音克隆等生成式人工智能技术。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "SPEED through Screening Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8630/text", "description": "Requires the TSA Administrator to develop strategies to reduce patdowns and item divestiture during airport screenings using advanced technologies, including AI. Authorizes $20 million for research and deployment, mandates data collection, and allows publication of anonymized statistics.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SPEED通过筛选法", "description_zh": "要求 TSA 管理员制定策略，使用包括人工智能在内的先进技术，减少机场安检期间的搜身和物品剥离。授权 2000 万美元用于研究和部署，强制数据收集，并允许发布匿名统计数据。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "NO FAKES Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/4875/text", "description": "Establishes rights for individuals over digital replicas of their voice or likeness, requiring consent for creation and use. Imposes liability for unauthorized replication. Provides safe harbors for online services complying with takedown notices. Limits preemption of existing state laws.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年无假货法案", "description_zh": "确立个人对其声音或肖像的数字复制品的权利，需要同意才能创建和使用。对未经授权的复制承担责任。为遵守删除通知的在线服务提供安全港。限制现有州法律的优先权。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Better Mental Health Care for Americans Act, Sec. 203", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/923", "description": "Amends the Social Security Act to require behavioral health information disclosure, including provider access, wait times, payment statistics, and denial data. Specifies AI and technology use in denial processes. Aims to enhance transparency and informed choice in behavioral health coverage.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美国人更好的心理健康护理法案》第 2 节203", "description_zh": "修订《社会保障法》，要求披露行为健康信息，包括提供者访问、等待时间、付款统计数据和拒绝数据。指定拒绝过程中人工智能和技术的使用。旨在提高行为健康保险的透明度和知情选择。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Better Mental Health Care for Americans Act, Sec. 201", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/923", "description": "Amends Medicare Advantage plans to ensure mental health and substance use benefits parity. Mandates standards-based necessity determination and NQTL analyses. Imposes penalties for non-compliance. Extends parity to drug plans. Directs regulation issuance within 18 months. Allocates $10 million for implementation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《美国人更好的心理健康护理法案》第 2 节201", "description_zh": "修订 Medicare Advantage 计划，确保心理健康和药物使用福利平等。要求进行基于标准的必要性确定和 NQTL 分析。对违规行为实施处罚。将平等扩展到药物计划。指导法规在 18 个月内发布。拨款 1000 万美元用于实施。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Agriculture and National Security Act of 2024", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8522", "description": "Amends the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act to require biennial reports assessing national security gaps, including AI and cybersecurity. Establishes a Senior Advisor for National Security to coordinate activities and improve interagency collaboration on food and agriculture security vulnerabilities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年农业和国家安全法", "description_zh": "修订《农业部重组法》，要求每两年提交一次报告，评估国家安全差距，包括人工智能和网络安全。设立国家安全高级顾问，以协调活动并改善有关粮食和农业安全漏洞的机构间合作。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Supercomputing for Safer Chemicals Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3457", "description": "Directs the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to establish a consortium that identifies toxic substances and develops safer alternatives through computational toxicology methods based on AI and machine learning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "超级计算促进更安全化学品法案", "description_zh": "指示环境保护局局长建立一个联盟，通过基于人工智能和机器学习的计算毒理学方法来识别有毒物质并开发更安全的替代品。" }, { "date": "03 January 2025", "title": "Block Nuclear Launch by Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Act of 2023", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/1394/text", "description": "Bans the use of federal funds to operate autonomous weapons systems which launch nuclear weapons or select targets for nuclear weapons without meaningful human control.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通过 2023 年自主人工智能法案阻止核发射", "description_zh": "禁止使用联邦资金来运行在没有有意义的人类控制的情况下发射核武器或选择核武器目标的自主武器系统。" }, { "date": "26 December 2024", "title": "Al-Hamim v. Star Hearthstone", "url": "https://www.coloradojudicial.gov/system/files/opinions-2024-12/24CA0190-PD.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Colorado. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case; the court could not locate it and appellant later admitted it was a GAI hallucination. Outcome: No Sanction (due to pro se, contrition, etc.); Warning of future sanctions..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哈米姆诉明星炉石传说", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在科罗拉多州诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用的案件不存在；法院无法找到它，上诉人后来承认这是 GAI 的幻觉。结果：未受到制裁（由于自诉、悔罪等）；对未来制裁的警告..", "court": "Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No Sanction (due to pro se, contrition, etc.); Warning of future sanctions.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1547 (\"Joint partner-sharing network capabilities for Middle East defense integration\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Mandates the Secretary of Defense to develop a strategy for the management and cybersecurity of the DOD's multi-cloud environments, including assessing means to increase AI use in these multi-cloud environments and identifying policies for protecting government data, and brief the congressional defense committees on such a strategy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1547 条（“中东国防一体化的联合合作伙伴共享网络功能”）", "description_zh": "授权国防部长制定国防部多云环境的管理和网络安全战略，包括评估在这些多云环境中增加人工智能使用的方法和确定保护政府数据的政策，并向国会国防委员会通报此类战略。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1638 (\"Sense of Congress with respect to use of artificial intelligence to support strategic deterrence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Declares that it is the policy of the United States to ensure AI use does not undermine the integrity of nuclear safeguards or human decision-making with respect to the use of nuclear weapons.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1638 条（“国会对使用人工智能支持战略威慑的看法”）", "description_zh": "声明美国的政策是确保人工智能的使用不会破坏核保障的完整性或人类在使用核武器方面的决策。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 6504 (\"Establishment of Artificial Intelligence Security Center\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Security Center within the Cybersecurity Collaboration Center of NSA to develop guidance against counter-AI techniques and promote secure AI adoption practices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法第 6504 条（“建立人工智能安全中心”）", "description_zh": "在美国国家安全局网络安全协作中心内建立人工智能安全中心，以制定针对反人工智能技术的指导并促进安全的人工智能采用实践。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 6506 (\"Enhancement of authority for intelligence community public-private talent exchanges\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Amends the Intelligence Authorization Act to enhance intelligence community-private sector talent exchanges, focusing on fields like AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 6506 条（“增强情报界公私人才交流的权威”）", "description_zh": "修订《情报授权法》，以加强情报界与私营部门的人才交流，重点关注人工智能等领域。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1078 (\"Study and report on Department of Defense use of unmanned ground vehicle systems manufactured by certain foreign entities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to study and report on the use of unmanned ground vehicle systems produced by specified foreign adversaries, and prohibits procuring the systems if a national security threat is found.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1078 条（“关于国防部使用某些外国实体制造的无人驾驶地面车辆系统的研究和报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长研究并报告特定外国对手生产的无人驾驶地面车辆系统的使用情况，如果发现国家安全威胁，则禁止采购这些系统。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1069 (\"Biodefense posture reviews\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense and requires a review of methods to protect against biological attacks using AI and related topics.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1069 条（“生物防御态势审查”）", "description_zh": "指导国防部长并要求审查使用人工智能和相关主题防范生物攻击的方法。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1515 (\"Protective measures for mobile devices within the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Orders an evaluation of potential protective measures for mobile devices within the Department of Defense, including defenses against AI-driven smishing and phishing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案》第 1515 条（“国防部内移动设备的保护措施”）", "description_zh": "命令对国防部内移动设备的潜在保护措施进行评估，包括防御人工智能驱动的网络钓鱼和网络钓鱼。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1066 (\"Reports on approval and deployment of lethal autonomous weapon systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to submit annual reports on DoD approvals and deployments of lethal autonomous weapon systems to the congressional defense committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法》第 1066 条（“关于批准和部署致命自主武器系统的报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长向国会国防委员会提交有关国防部批准和部署致命自主武器系统的年度报告。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1032 (\"Competitive demonstration of large and extra large unmanned underwater vehicles\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Navy to demonstrate large and extra large unmanned underwater vehicles by June 2025 and conduct related assessments.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1032 条（“大型和超大型无人水下航行器的竞争性演示”）", "description_zh": "要求海军在2025年6月之前展示大型和超大型无人水下航行器并进行相关评估。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section Title XV, Subtitle D (\"Artificial Intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Eestablishes an initiative to improve the usability of AI systems through human factors, an expansion plan for high-performance computing infrastructure, a cost budgeting plan for data used in AI, and a report on the feasibility and advisability of a center(s) for AI-enabled weapon systems. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案，第 XV 节，小标题 D（“人工智能”）", "description_zh": "E制定了一项通过人为因素提高人工智能系统可用性的倡议、高性能计算基础设施的扩展计划、人工智能使用数据的成本预算计划，以及关于人工智能武器系统中心的可行性和可取性的报告。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1007 (\"Use of technology using artificial intelligence to facilitate audit of the financial statements of the Department of Defense for fiscal year 2025\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Encourages the use of AI and machine learning to facilitate Department of Defense financial audits.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案》第 1007 条（“使用人工智能技术促进国防部 2025 财年财务报表的审计”）", "description_zh": "鼓励使用人工智能和机器学习来促进国防部的财务审计。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1031 (\"Requirements for the unmanned maritime autonomy architecture\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Provides requirements for the unmanned maritime autonomy architecture that the Secretary of the Navy must implement within 180 days, including providing a forum and resources to facilitate industry participation in the creation and management of a modular open systems architecture for maritime unmanned systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1031 条（“无人海上自主架构的要求”）", "description_zh": "规定了海军部长必须在 180 天内实施的无人海上自主架构的要求，包括提供论坛和资源，以促进行业参与海上无人系统模块化开放系统架构的创建和管理。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1087 (\"Establishment of Department of Defense working group on multilateral artificial intelligence coordination\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Demands the Secretary of Defense to establish a Department of Defense working group to coordinate AI initiatives with allies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法》第 1087 条（“建立国防部多边人工智能协调工作组”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长成立国防部工作组，与盟友协调人工智能计划。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 236 (\"Pilot program on development of near-term use cases and demonstration of artificial intelligence toward biotechnology applications for national security\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to conduct a pilot program for developing AI for national security-related biotechnology applications through public-private partnerships.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 236 条（“近期用例开发和人工智能生物技术应用示范国家安全试点计划”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长开展一项试点计划，通过公私合作伙伴关系为国家安全相关的生物技术应用开发人工智能。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 237 (\"Pilot program on use of artificial intelligence for certain workflow and operations tasks\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to initiate a pilot program using AI-enabled software to optimize specified Department of Defense workflows and operations tasks.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 237 条（“在某些工作流程和操作任务中使用人工智能的试点计划”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长启动使用人工智能软件的试点计划，以优化国防部指定的工作流程和操作任务。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 1514 (\"Management and cybersecurity of multi-cloud environments\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Mandates the Secretary of Defense to develop a strategy for the management and cybersecurity of the DOD's multi-cloud environments, including assessing means to increase AI use in these multi-cloud environments and identifying policies for protecting government data, and brief the congressional defense committees on such a strategy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 1514 条（“多云环境的管理和网络安全”）", "description_zh": "授权国防部长制定国防部多云环境的管理和网络安全战略，包括评估在这些多云环境中增加人工智能使用的方法和确定保护政府数据的政策，并向国会国防委员会通报此类战略。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 235 (\"Competitive demonstration of automated target recognition algorithms\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Chief Digital and AI Officer to develop a venue and testing processes for comparing automated target recognition algorithms by June 1, 2025. Mandates testing of Replicator algorithms by September 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 235 条（“自动目标识别算法的竞争性演示”）", "description_zh": "要求首席数字和人工智能官在 2025 年 6 月 1 日之前开发用于比较自动目标识别算法的场所和测试流程。要求在 2025 年 9 月 1 日之前测试 Replicator 算法。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 221 (\"Improvements relating to defining, identifying, and planning the artificial intelligence workforce of the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Dense to appoint a 'Chief Digital Engineering Recruitment and Management Officer of the Department of Defense' responsible for AI workforce policy and planning. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 221 条（“与定义、识别和规划国防部人工智能队伍相关的改进”）", "description_zh": "要求密集部长任命一名“国防部首席数字工程招聘和管理官”，负责人工智能劳动力政策和规划。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 125 (\"Designation of official responsible for autonomous surface and underwater dual-modality vehicles\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Navy to designate an official responsible for developing and acquiring surface and underwater autonomous vehicles.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 125 条（“指定负责自主水面和水下双模态车辆的官员”）", "description_zh": "要求海军部长指定一名官员负责开发和采购水面和水下自主航行器。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 225 (\"Duties of Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer Governing Council relating to artificial intelligence models and advanced artificial intelligence technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Amends the duties of the Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Officer Governing Council to assess AI models for national security risks, develop strategies against unauthorized access by adversaries, and recommend legislative or administrative actions on AI to Congress and agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 225 条（“理事会首席数字和人工智能官在人工智能模型和先进人工智能技术方面的职责”）", "description_zh": "修订了首席数字和人工智能官管理委员会的职责，以评估人工智能模型的国家安全风险，制定针对对手未经授权访问的策略，并向国会和机构建议人工智能的立法或行政行动。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 222 (\"Modification to artificial intelligence education strategy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the development of distance education courses on AI and ML concepts, ethics, and applications, for Armed Forces members.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 222 条（“人工智能教育战略的修改”）", "description_zh": "需要为武装部队成员开发有关人工智能和机器学习概念、道德和应用的远程教育课程。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 232 (\"Expansion of participation in the Digital On-Demand Program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to expand and promote the Digital On-Demand education program across the Department of Defense.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 232 条（“扩大数字点播计划的参与范围”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长在整个国防部范围内扩大和推广数字点播教育计划。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, Section 233 (\"Management and utilization of digital data to enhance maintenance activities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/5009/text", "description": "Requires development policies to leverage DOD operational data for military maintenance using AI and automated systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Applications: Transportation", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Tiering", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 财年军人生活质量改善和国防授权法案第 233 条（“管理和利用数字数据以加强维护活动”）", "description_zh": "需要制定政策，利用人工智能和自动化系统利用国防部作战数据进行军事维护。" }, { "date": "16 December 2024", "title": "Letts v. Avidien Technologies", "url": "/documents/371/Letts_v._Avidien_Technologies_E.D._North_Carolina_USA_December_16_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the E.D. N. Carolina. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Truong v. Mead Johnson & Company, LLC (2016),' which the court was unable to locate. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Letts 诉 Avidien Technologies", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在 E.D. 面前。北卡罗来纳州。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到的“Truong 诉 Mead Johnson & Company, LLC (2016)”。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. N. Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "Mojtabavi v. Blinken", "url": "https://www.ropesgray.com/-/media/ropes-post-pilot/microsites/ai/pdfs/2024/dec/mojtabavivblinken.pdf?rev=6817cdec893244b1b88b93479ec7eedc&hash=10D291C74E2A8A5C3E202E0E7AB4E56F", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the C.D. California. Outcome: Case dismissed with prejudice.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莫杰塔巴维诉布林肯", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 C.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。加利福尼亚州。结果：案件因偏见被驳回。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 December 2024", "title": "Carlos E. Gutierrez v. In Re Noemi D. Gutierrez", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/304/Carlos_E._Gutierrez_v._in_Re_Noemi_D._Gutierrez_US_CA_Florida_December_4_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Fl. 3rd District CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's 'Augmented Appendix Sections' cited numerous Florida cases that do not exist ('phantom case law'); appellee Enrique Gutierrez filed a notice listing these non-existent authorities. Outcome: Appeals dismissed as sanction; Appellant barred from future pro se filings in related probate matters without attorney signature.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卡洛斯·E·古铁雷斯诉诺埃米·D·古铁雷斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛罗里达州诉讼中使用身份不明。加利福尼亚州第三区。捏造：判例法|上诉人的“补充附录部分”引用了许多不存在的佛罗里达州案例（“虚拟案例法”）；被上诉人恩里克·古铁雷斯 (Enrique Gutierrez) 提交了一份通知，列出了这些不存在的当局。结果：上诉被视为制裁而被驳回；在没有律师签名的情况下，上诉人被禁止在未来提交相关遗嘱认证事宜的自诉文件。", "court": "Fl. 3rd District CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Appeals dismissed as sanction; Appellant barred from future pro se filings in related probate matters without attorney signature", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Rubio v. District of Columbia DHS", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/308/Rubio_v._DC_DHS_US_DC_District_Court_December_3_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D.C. DC. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case the Court could not locate. Outcome: Complaint dismissed with prejudice; no Rule 11 sanctions imposed, but clear judicial warning on AI misuse and citation verification duties.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卢比奥诉哥伦比亚特区国土安全部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D.C. DC 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到的一个不存在的案件。结果：投诉被驳回；没有实施规则 11 制裁，但对人工智能滥用和引文验证职责提出明确的司法警告。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Complaint dismissed with prejudice; no Rule 11 sanctions imposed, but clear judicial warning on AI misuse and citation verification duties", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2024", "title": "Gauthier v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/238/Gauthier_v._Goodyear_US_DC_Eastern_Texas_November_25_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Claude in proceedings before the E.D. Tex.. Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Fifth Circuit case 'Roca v. King’s Creek Plantation, LLC' cited; court found it does not exist. Outcome: Monetary fine + Mandatory AI-related CLE Course + Disclosure to Client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "高蒂尔诉固特异轮胎橡胶公司", "description_zh": "律师在教育部的诉讼中使用了克劳德。纺织.. 制造：判例法 |引用伪造的第五巡回法院案件“Roca v. King’s Creek Plantation, LLC”；法院发现它不存在。结果：罚款+强制性人工智能相关CLE课程+向客户披露。", "court": "E.D. Tex.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude", "outcome": "Monetary fine + Mandatory AI-related CLE Course + Disclosure to Client", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2024", "title": "Leslie v. IQ Data International", "url": "https://app.ediscoveryassistant.com/case_law/62340-leslie-v-iq-data-int-l", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Georgia. Outcome: Background action dismissed with prejudice, but no monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莱斯利诉 IQ 数据国际公司", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 N.D. Georgia 出庭。结果：背景诉讼因偏见而被驳回，但没有受到金钱制裁。", "court": "N.D. Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Background action dismissed with prejudice, but no monetary sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 November 2024", "title": "Provisions Pertaining to U.S. Investments in Certain National Security Technologies and Products in Countries of Concern", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/11/15/2024-25422/provisions-pertaining-to-us-investments-in-certain-national-security-technologies-and-products-in", "description": "Defines AI systems and outlines U.S. regulations for investments in national security technologies with countries of concern. Requires notification of certain AI-related transactions, classifies them as notifiable or prohibited and mandates compliance oversight, reporting, and potential penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Security", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关美国在有关国家投资某些国家安全技术和产品的规定", "description_zh": "定义人工智能系统并概述美国与相关国家投资国家安全技术的法规。要求对某些人工智能相关交易进行通知，将其分类为应通知或禁止的交易，并强制要求进行合规监督、报告和对违规行为的潜在处罚。" }, { "date": "14 November 2024", "title": "Berry v. Stewart", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/465/Berry_v._Stewart_D._Kansas_14_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Kansas. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Defendant's briefing quoted a forum-selection clause that does not appear in the parties' contract or any filed papers; the actual clause is at Doc. 11-1 ¶ 12. Outcome: At hearing, Counsel pledged to reimburse other side and his client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "贝里诉斯图尔特案", "description_zh": "律师在堪萨斯州 D. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。制作：展览和提交|被告的简报引用了法庭选择条款，该条款未出现在双方合同或任何提交的文件中；实际的条款在文档中。 11-1 ¶ 12. 结果：在听证会上，律师承诺偿还对方及其委托人的费用。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "At hearing, Counsel pledged to reimburse other side and his client", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 November 2024", "title": "Vargas v. Salazar", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Texas. Outcome: Plaintiff ordered to refile submissions without fake citations.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴尔加斯诉萨拉查", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.德克萨斯州。结果：原告被命令重新提交材料，不得有虚假引文。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff ordered to refile submissions without fake citations", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "Churchill Funding v. 732 Indiana", "url": "/documents/485/Churchill_Funding_v._732_Indiana_SC_Cal_USA_31_October_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC Cal. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' CMC Statement cited 'California Federal Bank v. Kwong (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 1467, 1472,' which the court found does not exist; OSC to be set re false pleadings. Outcome: Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "丘吉尔基金诉 732 印第安纳州案", "description_zh": "律师出现在 SC Cal。捏造：判例法|被告的 CMC 声明引用了“加州联邦银行诉 Kwong (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 1467, 1472”，法院认为该声明不存在； OSC 将对虚假诉状进行审理。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "SC Cal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Guidance on AI and Employment Discrimination", "url": "https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/questions-and-answers-clarification-application-title-vii-discrimination-based", "description": "The EEOC issued guidance clarifying that employers' use of AI and algorithmic decision-making tools in employment decisions—including hiring, promotion, and termination—must comply with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. The guidance addressed how disparate impact analysis applies to AI-driven employment tools and warned that an employer may be liable for discrimination even if the bias is embedded in a third-party AI system used at the employer's direction. It also clarified that the duty to provide reasonable accommodations may extend to modifications in AI screening processes for applicants with disabilities.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "平等就业机会委员会 (EEOC) 关于人工智能和就业歧视的指南", "description_zh": "平等就业机会委员会发布指南，明确雇主在雇佣决策（包括雇用、晋升和解雇）中使用人工智能和算法决策工具必须遵守《民权法》第七章、《就业年龄歧视法》和《美国残疾人法》。该指南讨论了如何将不同影响分析应用于人工智能驱动的就业工具，并警告说，即使偏见嵌入在雇主指导下使用的第三方人工智能系统中，雇主也可能对歧视承担责任。它还澄清，提供合理便利的义务可能会延伸到对残疾申请人的人工智能筛选流程的修改。" }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "Mortazavi v. Booz Allen Hamilton, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/245/Mortazavi_v._Booz_Allen_Hamilton_US_DC_Central_California_October_30_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the C.D. Cal.. Fabricated: Case Law | Motion to remand relied on a fabricated case; the Court flagged it as a significant error and part of the Rule 11 violation. Outcome: $2,500 Monetary Sanction + Mandatory Disclosure to California State Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "莫尔塔扎维诉博思艾伦公司", "description_zh": "律师在 C.D. 诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加州..捏造：判例法|还押动议基于捏造的案件；法院将其标记为重大错误，并且属于违反第 11 条规则的一部分。结果：2,500 美元的经济制裁 + 向加州律师协会强制披露信息。", "court": "C.D. Cal.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "$2,500 Monetary Sanction + Mandatory Disclosure to California State Bar", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "National Security Memorandum NSM-16: Memorandum on Advancing the United States' Leadership in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/10/24/memorandum-on-advancing-the-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "This National Security Memorandum directed the Intelligence Community and national security agencies to harness AI capabilities while managing risks to national security and human rights. It established requirements for agencies to develop responsible AI governance frameworks, protect against foreign adversaries' AI capabilities, and ensure that U.S. AI development upholds democratic values. The memorandum also directed the Director of National Intelligence to produce annual assessments of foreign AI threats and capabilities.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家安全备忘录 NSM-16：关于推进美国在人工智能领域领导地位的备忘录", "description_zh": "该国家安全备忘录指示情报界和国家安全机构利用人工智能能力，同时管理国家安全和人权风险。它要求各机构制定负责任的人工智能治理框架，防范外国对手的人工智能能力，并确保美国人工智能的发展维护民主价值观。该备忘录还指示国家情报总监对外国人工智能威胁和能力进行年度评估。" }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "Framework to Advance AI Governance and Risk Management in National Security", "url": "https://ai.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/NSM-Framework-to-Advance-AI-Governance-and-Risk-Management-in-National-Security.pdf", "description": "Classifies prohibited and \"high-impact\" AI use cases based on risks to national security, human rights, and effect on Federal personnel. Defines minimum risk assessment standards, mandates monitoring mechanisms for high-impact AI and training guidelines for the development and use of AI systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进国家安全领域人工智能治理和风险管理的框架", "description_zh": "根据对国家安全、人权的风险以及对联邦人员的影响，对禁止的和“高影响”的人工智能用例进行分类。定义最低风险评估标准，规定高影响力人工智能的监控机制以及人工智能系统开发和使用的培训指南。" }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "Memorandum on Advancing the United States’ Leadership in Artificial Intelligence; Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Fulfill National Security Objectives; and Fostering the Safety, Security, and Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/10/24/memorandum-on-advancing-the-united-states-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence-harnessing-artificial-intelligence-to-fulfill-national-security-objectives-and-fostering-the-safety-security/", "description": "Directs the U.S. government to lead safe AI development, enhance national security through AI, and foster global AI governance. Prioritizes AI safety, security, and talent acquisition. Establishes AI governance frameworks and partnerships to ensure responsible AI use and international collaboration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于提升美国在人工智能领域领导地位的备忘录；利用人工智能实现国家安全目标；促进人工智能的安全、可靠和可信", "description_zh": "指示美国政府引领人工智能的安全发展，通过人工智能增强国家安全，并促进全球人工智能治理。优先考虑人工智能安全、安保和人才招聘。建立人工智能治理框架和合作伙伴关系，以确保负责任的人工智能使用和国际合作。" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "Thomas v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue", "url": "/documents/648/Thomas_v._CIR_USA_23_October_2024.pdf", "description": "Paralegal; Lawyer appeared before the United States Tax Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Schluter v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1998-269, for deductibility of unreimbursed employee expenses; Court found Schluter is T.C. Memo 1970-67 (dependency exemption) and T.C. Memo 1998-269 is Schmitt v. Commissioner (method of accounting), neither supporting the pro... Outcome: Pretrial Memorandum stricken.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托马斯诉国税局局长", "description_zh": "律师助理；律师在美国税务法院出庭。歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Schluter 诉 Commissioner, T.C.备忘录 1998-269，未报销的员工费用的扣除；法院认定 Schluter 是 T.C.备忘录 1970-67（抚养豁免）和 T.C.备忘录 1998-269 是施密特诉专员（会计方法），均不支持赞成... 结果：预审备忘录受到打击。", "court": "United States Tax Court", "party": "Paralegal; Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Pretrial Memorandum stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "Iovino v. Michael Stapleton Associates, Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Claude, Westlaw, LexisNexis in proceedings before the Western Virginia. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case the court and MSA could not locate; the court stated it appears not to exist. Outcome: No sanction, but hearing transcript sent to bar authorities.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Iovino 诉 Michael Stapleton Associates, Ltd.", "description_zh": "律师在西弗吉尼亚州的诉讼中使用了 Claude、Westlaw、LexisNexis。捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院和海事局无法找到的案例；法院称它似乎不存在。结果：没有制裁，但听证会笔录发送给律师当局。", "court": "Western Virginia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude, Westlaw, LexisNexis", "outcome": "No sanction, but hearing transcript sent to bar authorities", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2024", "title": "Matter of Weber", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/new-york/other-courts/2024/2024-ny-slip-op-24258.html", "description": "Expert used MS Copilot in proceedings before the NY County Court. Outcome: AI-assisted Evidence Inadmissible; Affirmative Duty to Disclose AI Use for Evidence Established..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韦伯问题", "description_zh": "专家在纽约县法院的诉讼中使用了 MS Copilot。结果：人工智能辅助证据不可接受；公开人工智能使用证据的肯定义务..", "court": "NY County Court", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "MS Copilot", "outcome": "AI-assisted Evidence Inadmissible; Affirmative Duty to Disclose AI Use for Evidence Established.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Fraudulent Misrepresentation of Campaign Authority", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/26/2024-21983/fraudulent-misrepresentation-of-campaign-authority", "description": "Clarifies that 52 U.S.C. 30124 and 11 CFR 110.16 apply to fraudulent misrepresentation using AI. States that the statute is technology-neutral, covering fraud via AI-generated content or other means. Emphasizes non-binding nature of this interpretive guidance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "竞选权威的欺诈性失实陈述", "description_zh": "澄清 52 U.S.C. 30124 和 11 CFR 110.16 适用于使用人工智能的欺诈性虚假陈述。指出该法规是技术中立的，涵盖通过人工智能生成的内容或其他方式进行的欺诈行为。强调本解释性指南的非约束性。" }, { "date": "25 September 2024", "title": "Next Generation Pipelines Research and Development Act, Section 4 (\"Advanced pipeline materials and technologies demonstration initiative\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/7073", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Energy to establish a demonstration initiative to advance pipeline and related infrastructure technologies, such as autonomous sensor systems; advanced computational, data analytics, and machine learning models; and autonomous robotic and patch technologies. Requires the Secretary of Energy to evaluate projects' technical performance and economic feasibility during the selection process.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "下一代管道研究与开发法案，第 4 条（“先进管道材料和技术示范计划”）", "description_zh": "要求能源部长制定一项示范计划，以推进管道和相关基础设施技术，例如自主传感器系统；先进的计算、数据分析和机器学习模型；以及自主机器人和补丁技术。要求能源部长在选择过程中评估项目的技术性能和经济可行性。" }, { "date": "24 September 2024", "title": "Jones v. Simploy", "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mis-crt-app-eas-dis-div-one/116593661.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Missouri CA. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "琼斯诉辛普洛伊案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在密苏里州加州法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Missouri CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 September 2024", "title": "Martin v. Hawai", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/353/Martin_v._Hawai_D._Hawai_USA_August_20_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the D. Hawaii. Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited Crenshaw v. City of Defuniak Springs, 891 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2018); the Court stated this citation is not accurate and appears fictitious. Outcome: Warning, and Order to file further submissions with Declaration.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马丁诉夏威夷案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Hawaii 的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了 Crenshaw 诉 Defuniak Springs 市案，891 F.3d 1338（第 11 巡回法院，2018 年）；法院表示，这一引文并不准确，而且似乎是虚构的。结果：警告，并命令提交进一步的提交材料和声明。", "court": "D. Hawaii", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning, and Order to file further submissions with Declaration", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "11 September 2024", "title": "Establishment of Reporting Requirements for the Development of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Models and Computing Clusters", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/11/2024-20529/establishment-of-reporting-requirements-for-the-development-of-advanced-artificial-intelligence", "description": "Creates reporting requirements for covered persons, including quarterly notifications if conducting AI model training or acquiring computing clusters that meet specified computational thresholds and quarterly affirmations if covered persons have no applicable activities to report.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立先进人工智能模型和计算集群开发的报告要求", "description_zh": "为涵盖人员创建报告要求，包括如果进行人工智能模型训练或获取满足指定计算阈值的计算集群的季度通知，以及如果涵盖人员没有需要报告的适用活动的季度确认。" }, { "date": "6 September 2024", "title": "Transamerica Life v. Williams", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/354/Transamerica_Life_Ins._Co._v._Williams_D._Arizona_USA_September_6_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Arizona. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited case does not exist and was used to support Williams’s arguments. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "泛美人寿诉威廉姆斯案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在亚利桑那州 D. 法庭出庭。捏造：判例法|法院发现所引用的案例并不存在，并被用来支持威廉姆斯的论点。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "Rule v. Braiman", "url": "https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/66da8554c312b31e38e4d56e", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. New York. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "规则诉布雷曼", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在纽约 N.D. 法庭上。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 August 2024", "title": "USA v. Michel", "url": "/documents/475/USA_v._Michel_DDC_USA_30_August_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used EyeLevel in proceedings before the D.C.. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense closing argument, generated in part by an AI tool, misattributed Puff Daddy’s lyric to the Fugees; the Court noted the mistake and found no prejudice. Outcome: Misattribution was irrelevant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国诉米歇尔", "description_zh": "律师在华盛顿特区的诉讼中使用了 EyeLevel。 虚假引述：证据和意见 |辩方结案陈词部分由人工智能工具生成，将吹牛老爹的歌词错误地归咎于“逃亡者”；法院注意到了这一错误，并认为不存在偏见。结果：错误归因无关。", "court": "D.C.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "EyeLevel", "outcome": "Misattribution was irrelevant", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 August 2024", "title": "Rasmussen v. Rasmussen", "url": "/documents/439/Rasmussen_v._Rasmussen_CA_USA_August_23_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the California. Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited Ferreira v. Ferreira for joinder/equitable distribution; court found it is a child custody/forum non conveniens case and does not support the proposition. Outcome: Lawyer ordered to show cause why she should not be referred to the bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉斯穆森诉拉斯穆森", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。歪曲事实：判例法|被告援引费雷拉诉费雷拉案要求合并/公平分配；法院认为这是一起儿童监护/法院不方便案件，因此不支持该主张。结果：律师被勒令说明为什么不应该将她移交律师事务所的原因。", "court": "California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Lawyer ordered to show cause why she should not be referred to the bar", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 August 2024", "title": "N.E.W. Credit Union v. Mehlhorn", "url": "https://www.wicourts.gov/ca/smd/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=837468", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Wisconsin C.A.. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新的。信用社诉梅尔霍恩案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在威斯康星州加州法院出庭。结果：警告。", "court": "Wisconsin C.A.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "01 August 2024", "title": "Section 106.11 Application: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/29/2024-07915/nondiscrimination-on-the-basis-of-sex-in-education-programs-or-activities-receiving-federal", "description": "Declines to expand examples of conduct under sex-based harassment regulations to include AI technologies, but reinforces responsibility for conduct within a recipient's disciplinary authority, including off-campus and online activities. Clarifies Title IX obligations for addressing hostile environments linked to education programs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 106.11 条应用：在接受联邦财政援助的教育计划或活动中不存在性别歧视", "description_zh": "拒绝扩大基于性骚扰的法规下的行为示例，以包括人工智能技术，但加强了接收者纪律当局内的行为责任，包括校外和在线活动。明确了第九条关于解决与教育计划相关的敌对环境的义务。" }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "Dukuray v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/242/Dukuray_v._Experian_US_DC_SDNY_July_26_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D.N.Y.. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent Seventh Circuit case; the reporter citation corresponds to an unrelated decision. Outcome: No sanction; Formal Warning Issued.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Dukuray 诉 Experian Information Solutions", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D.N.Y. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法 |原告引用了一个不存在的第七巡回法院案件；记者的引文对应于一项不相关的决定。结果：不予制裁；发出正式警告。", "court": "S.D.N.Y.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction; Formal Warning Issued", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "Joe W. Byrd v. Woodland Springs HA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/307/Joe_W._Byrd_v._Woodland_Springs_HA_US_Texas_CA_July_25_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Texas CA. Outcome: No formal sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Joe W. Byrd 诉 Woodland Springs HA", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州 CA 的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：没有正式制裁。", "court": "Texas CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No formal sanction", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "Anonymous v. NYC Department of Education", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/240/Anonymous_v._NYC_Dept_of_Education_US_DC_SDNY_July_18_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D.N.Y.. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited and relied on non-existent case law; Defendants flagged this and the Court was unable to locate the cited cases, warning that such conduct could lead to sanctions. Outcome: No sanction; Formal Warning Issued.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "匿名诉纽约市教育部", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D.N.Y. 的诉讼中使用身份不明的信息。捏造：判例法 |原告引用并依赖不存在的判例法；被告指出了这一点，法院无法找到所引用的案件，并警告此类行为可能会导致制裁。结果：不予制裁；发出正式警告。", "court": "S.D.N.Y.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction; Formal Warning Issued", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 July 2024", "title": "Zeng v. Chell", "url": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2019cv03218/513527/151/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. New York. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "曾诉切尔", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.纽约。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024 (NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/8751", "description": "Introduced in the 118th Congress, this legislation sought to codify AI governance frameworks for federal agencies and establish national AI standards. Several AI-related provisions were incorporated into the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025, including requirements for the DoD to assess AI risks, develop AI talent pipelines, and report on the use of AI in defense acquisition and operations. The provisions reflected growing Congressional interest in formalizing AI oversight structures across the federal government.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年人工智能法案（NDAA FY2025 人工智能条款）", "description_zh": "该立法于第 118 届国会提出，旨在编纂联邦机构的人工智能治理框架并建立国家人工智能标准。 2025 财年国防授权法案纳入了多项与人工智能相关的条款，包括要求国防部评估人工智能风险、开发人工智能人才管道以及报告人工智能在国防采办和运营中的使用情况。这些条款反映了国会对联邦政府的人工智能监督结构正式化的兴趣日益浓厚。" }, { "date": "25 June 2024", "title": "Federal Trade Commission Policy Statement on Biometric Information and AI", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/biometric-policy-statement-5-18-22-commissioner-phillips-dissent.pdf", "description": "The FTC issued a policy statement warning that commercial use of biometric information, including facial recognition and other AI-driven biometric technologies, that deceives or harms consumers may violate Section 5 of the FTC Act. The statement outlined the FTC's intent to scrutinize companies that use biometric data in ways that cause harm, including unauthorized collection and use for AI training, discriminatory AI applications, and failure to provide consumers adequate notice and choice. It signaled that the FTC would use its existing consumer protection authority to address AI biometric harms in the absence of comprehensive federal biometric privacy legislation.", "categories": [ "Facial Recognition", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会关于生物识别信息和人工智能的政策声明", "description_zh": "FTC 发布政策声明警告，生物识别信息（包括面部识别和其他人工智能驱动的生物识别技术）的商业使用欺骗或伤害消费者可能违反 FTC 法案第 5 条。该声明概述了联邦贸易委员会的意图，即审查以造成伤害的方式使用生物识别数据的公司，包括未经授权收集和使用人工智能培训、歧视性人工智能应用以及未能向消费者提供充分的通知和选择。这表明，在缺乏全面的联邦生物识别隐私立法的情况下，联邦贸易委员会将利用其现有的消费者保护权力来解决人工智能生物识别危害问题。" }, { "date": "12 June 2024", "title": "Francesco Santora v. Copyright Claims Board", "url": "/documents/1925/Santora_v._CCB_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Copyright Claims Board. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Santora presented fabricated quotations from statutory and regulatory provisions; the Board found these quotations were fabricated. Outcome: Barred from pursuing claims before the Board.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Francesco Santora 诉版权索赔委员会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在版权索赔委员会面前。捏造：法律规范|桑托拉根据法律和监管规定伪造了报价；委员会发现这些报价是捏造的。结果：被禁止向委员会提出索赔。", "court": "Copyright Claims Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Barred from pursuing claims before the Board", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 June 2024", "title": "Train Crew Size Safety Requirements (New Technology and Automated Operations)", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/04/09/2024-06625/train-crew-size-safety-requirements", "description": "Allows railroads to petition for rulemaking or waivers to use non-compliant rail automation technology. Requires safety justification for autonomous operations with fewer crew members. Supports technological advancements in rail safety and automation through research and funding.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "列车乘员规模安全要求（新技术和自动化操作）", "description_zh": "允许铁路部门申请规则制定或豁免使用不合规的铁路自动化技术。需要以较少的机组人员进行自主操作的安全理由。通过研究和资助支持铁路安全和自动化的技术进步。" }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Dowlah v. Professional Staff Congress", "url": "https://govt.westlaw.com/nyofficial/Document/Ibc908b701e9311ef8422dbce8c879758?viewType=FullText&listSource=Search&originationContext=Search+Result&transitionType=SearchItem&contextData=(sc.Search)&na", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the NY SC. Outcome: Caution to plaintiff.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "道拉诉专业人员大会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在纽约州最高法院的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：对原告提出警告。", "court": "NY SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Caution to plaintiff", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act, Sec. 1024 (\"Technology Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to leverage big data analytics and machine learning in reviewing requests for certificates of waiver under section 107.200 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to improve waiver request processes by leveraging big data analytics and machine learning.Adopts a performance- and risk-based approach for waiver requests. Prohibits open-ended prompts unless necessary. Utilizes big data and machine learning for waiver data. Publishes waivers online, protecting proprietary info. Expedites similar waiver modifications and renewals. Considers property access control.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保美国航空法案的增长和强有力的领导地位，第 2 节1024（《人工智能和机器学习技术的技术综述》）", "description_zh": "要求联邦航空管理局局长利用大数据分析和机器学习根据《联邦法规》第 14 章第 107.200 条审查豁免证书请求。要求联邦航空管理局局长利用大数据分析和机器学习改进豁免请求流程。对豁免请求采用基于绩效和风险的方法。除非必要，否则禁止开放式提示。利用大数据和机器学习来获取豁免数据。在线发布豁免，保护专有信息。加快类似的豁免修改和更新。考虑属性访问控制。" }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act, Sec. 1028 (\"Air Traffic Control Training\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to assess the benefits of deploying AI and other advanced technologies in enhancing air traffic controller training. Mandates the Administrator to submit a report to Congress on research findings within one year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保美国航空法案的增长和强有力的领导地位，第 2 节1028（“空中交通管制培训”）", "description_zh": "要求美国联邦航空管理局局长评估部署人工智能和其他先进技术在加强空中交通管制员培训方面的好处。授权署长在一年内向国会提交研究结果报告。" }, { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Securing Growth and Robust Leadership in American Aviation Act, Sec. 908 (\"Part 107 Waiver Improvements\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/3935", "description": "Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to leverage big data analytics and machine learning in reviewing requests for certificates of waiver under section 107.200 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations.Requires the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration to improve waiver request processes by leveraging big data analytics and machine learning.Adopts a performance- and risk-based approach for waiver requests. Prohibits open-ended prompts unless necessary. Utilizes big data and machine learning for waiver data. Publishes waivers online, protecting proprietary info. Expedites similar waiver modifications and renewals. Considers property access control.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "确保美国航空法案的增长和强有力的领导地位，第 2 节908（“第 107 部分豁免改进”）", "description_zh": "要求联邦航空管理局局长利用大数据分析和机器学习根据《联邦法规》第 14 章第 107.200 条审查豁免证书请求。要求联邦航空管理局局长利用大数据分析和机器学习改进豁免请求流程。对豁免请求采用基于绩效和风险的方法。除非必要，否则禁止开放式提示。利用大数据和机器学习来获取豁免数据。在线发布豁免，保护专有信息。加快类似的豁免修改和更新。考虑属性访问控制。" }, { "date": "10 May 2024", "title": "FDA Artificial Intelligence Action Plan", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/software-medical-device-samd/artificial-intelligence-medical-devices", "description": "The FDA published an action plan for regulating AI and machine learning-based software as a medical device (AI/ML-SaMD), outlining a risk-based, adaptive regulatory framework tailored to AI systems that continuously learn and change after deployment. The plan described the FDA's intentions for updating its existing regulatory framework for software as a medical device to accommodate the unique characteristics of AI, including criteria for predetermined change control plans and performance monitoring requirements. It signaled the FDA's intent to regulate AI medical devices based on their intended use and risk level rather than their underlying technology.", "categories": [ "Healthcare" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FDA 人工智能行动计划", "description_zh": "FDA 发布了一项针对将人工智能和基于机器学习的软件作为医疗设备进行监管的行动计划 (AI/ML-SaMD)，概述了一个基于风险的自适应监管框架，该框架专为在部署后不断学习和变化的人工智能系统量身定制。该计划描述了 FDA 更新其现有医疗设备软件监管框架的意图，以适应人工智能的独特特征，包括预定变更控制计划的标准和性能监控要求。这表明 FDA 有意根据人工智能医疗设备的预期用途和风险水平而不是其基础技术来对其进行监管。" }, { "date": "06 May 2024", "title": "Nondiscrimination in Health Programs and Activities", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/05/06/2024-08711/nondiscrimination-in-health-programs-and-activities", "description": "Prohibits covered entities from discriminating in health programs using patient care decision support tools based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. Requires identifying and mitigating discrimination risks in these tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "卫生计划和活动中的非歧视", "description_zh": "禁止所涵盖的实体在使用患者护理决策支持工具的健康计划中基于种族、肤色、国籍、性别、年龄或残疾进行歧视。需要识别并减轻这些工具中的歧视风险。" }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "HHS Public Benefits and AI", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/public-benefits-and-ai.pdf", "description": "Encourages state and local governments to use AI responsibly in public benefits administration. Recommends risk assessment, fairness, transparency, human oversight, and privacy protection. Emphasizes equity, accountability, and civil rights compliance. Supports developing frameworks and resources for AI governance and innovation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HHS 公共福利和人工智能", "description_zh": "鼓励州和地方政府在公共福利管理中负责任地使用人工智能。建议风险评估、公平、透明度、人工监督和隐私保护。强调公平、问责和遵守公民权利。支持开发人工智能治理和创新的框架和资源。" }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Federal Register Doc. No. 2024-01580. Taking Additional Steps To Address the National Emergency With Respect to Significant Malicious Cyber-Enabled Activities", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/29/2024-01580/taking-additional-steps-to-address-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-significant-malicious", "description": "Require U.S. IaaS providers to implement Customer Identification Programs (CIP) for foreign customers to prevent malicious use of AI models. Report AI training activities that could aid harmful cyber operations. Impose penalties for non-compliance or false reporting.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦公报文件。编号 2024-01580。采取额外措施应对重大恶意网络活动的国家紧急状态", "description_zh": "要求美国IaaS提供商为外国客户实施客户识别计划（CIP），以防止人工智能模型被恶意使用。报告可能有助于有害网络操作的人工智能培训活动。对违规或虚假报告实施处罚。" }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Blueprint Basketball et al", "url": "/documents/1109/Lafayette_v._Blueprint_Basketball_USA_26_April_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Vermont SC. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Pavlovich v. National Life Insurance Company (VT, 2010) but failed to file a copy when ordered; court concluded the case likely does not exist and that citing it may violate V.R.C.P. 11(b). Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "罗伯特·拉斐特诉蓝图篮球等人", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在佛蒙特州 SC 上出庭。捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Pavlovich 诉 National Life Insurance Company 案（VT，2010 年），但未能在接到命令时提交副本；法院得出结论，该案件可能不存在，引用该案件可能违反 V.R.C.P. 11(b)。结果：命令说明原因。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Increasing AI Capacity Across the Federal Government: AI Talent Surge Progress and Recommendations", "url": "https://ai.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AI-Talent-Surge-Progress-Report.pdf", "description": "Implements Executive Order 14110, launching a National AI Talent Surge to recruit AI professionals for federal use, policy development, and R&D. Establishes expedited hiring authorities, training initiatives, and diverse recruitment efforts to strengthen the federal AI workforce and infrastructure.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "提高联邦政府的人工智能能力：人工智能人才激增的进展和建议", "description_zh": "实施第 14110 号行政命令，发起全国人工智能人才热潮，招募人工智能专业人员供联邦使用、政策制定和研发。建立快速招聘机构、培训计划和多样化招聘工作，以加强联邦人工智能劳动力和基础设施。" }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "Plumbers & Gasfitters Union v. Morris Plumbing", "url": "https://docs.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/wisconsin/wiedce/2:2023cv00616/103652/33", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the E.D. Wisconsin. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "管道工与煤气安装工会诉莫里斯管道公司", "description_zh": "律师出庭受审。威斯康星州。结果：警告。", "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 April 2024", "title": "Department of Education AI Report: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning", "url": "https://www.ed.gov/sites/ed/files/documents/ai-report/ai-report.pdf", "description": "The U.S. Department of Education published a comprehensive report examining the implications of AI for education, including recommendations for educators, institutions, and policymakers on the responsible use of AI in teaching and learning. The report emphasized the need for a human-centered approach to AI in education, with teachers maintaining agency over AI tools, and called for AI systems in education to be transparent, auditable, and aligned with educational equity goals. It included policy recommendations covering AI literacy, equitable access to AI tools, data privacy protections for students, and guidelines for AI use in assessment and credentialing.", "categories": [ "Education", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "教育部人工智能报告：人工智能与教学的未来", "description_zh": "美国教育部发布了一份综合报告，探讨人工智能对教育的影响，包括向教育工作者、机构和政策制定者提出关于在教学中负责任地使用人工智能的建议。该报告强调，教育中的人工智能需要采取以人为本的方法，让教师保持对人工智能工具的代理权，并呼吁教育中的人工智能系统透明、可审计，并与教育公平目标保持一致。其中包括涵盖人工智能素养、公平使用人工智能工具、学生数据隐私保护以及人工智能在评估和认证中使用的指南等政策建议。" }, { "date": "28 March 2024", "title": "OMB Memorandum M-24-10: Advancing Governance, Innovation, and Risk Management for Agency Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/M-24-10-Advancing-Governance-Innovation-and-Risk-Management-for-Agency-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "This Office of Management and Budget memorandum established minimum risk management practices for federal agencies using AI, particularly in contexts that affect the rights or safety of the public. It required agencies to designate a Chief AI Officer, complete an annual inventory of AI use cases, and conduct impact assessments for high-impact AI applications. Agencies were directed to take concrete steps to protect civil rights and civil liberties and to ensure human oversight of high-risk AI systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OMB 备忘录 M-24-10：推进机构使用人工智能的治理、创新和风险管理", "description_zh": "该管理和预算办公室备忘录为使用人工智能的联邦机构制定了最低风险管理实践，特别是在影响公众权利或安全的情况下。它要求各机构指定首席人工智能官，完成人工智能用例的年度清单，并对高影响力的人工智能应用程序进行影响评估。各机构被要求采取具体措施保护公民权利和公民自由，并确保对高风险人工智能系统进行人类监督。" }, { "date": "22 March 2024", "title": "Grant v. City of Long Beach", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/236/Grant_v._City_of_Long_Beach_9th_C._CA_March_22_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the 9th Cir. CA. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellants claimed Hydrick examined a parent's false imprisonment claim over a child's unlawful removal; court notes Hydrick addresses SVP detainees' conditions of confinement and contains no 'parent'/'child' language. Outcome: Striking of Brief + Dismissal of Appeal.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "格兰特诉长滩市", "description_zh": "律师在第九巡回法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。加利福尼亚州。歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人声称，海德里克审查了一名家长因非法带走儿童而提出的非法监禁指控；法庭记录 Hydrick 阐述了 SVP 被拘留者的监禁条件，并且不包含任何“父母”/“孩子”语言。结果：撤销上诉+驳回上诉。", "court": "9th Cir. CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Striking of Brief + Dismissal of Appeal", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2024", "title": "Michael Cohen Matter", "url": "https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2024-03/18cr602%20Cohen%20Opinion.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Google Bard in proceedings before the SDNY. Outcome: No Sanction on Cohen (Lawyer expected to verify); Underlying motion denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "迈克尔·科恩·马特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 SDNY 的诉讼中使用了 Google Bard。结果：不对科恩实施制裁（预计律师将核实）；基本动议被拒绝。", "court": "SDNY", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Google Bard", "outcome": "No Sanction on Cohen (Lawyer expected to verify); Underlying motion denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "Martin v. Taylor County", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/372/Martin_v._Taylor_County_N.D._Texas_USA_March_6_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the N.D. Texas. False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent passage from a Supreme Court case asserting 'Governments descend to the level of a mere private corporation'; the Court noted the passage does not exist and warned such citations may warrant Rule 11 sanctions. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马丁诉泰勒县案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在德克萨斯州北区法院出庭。虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了最高法院案件中不存在的段落，声称“政府下降到纯粹的私人公司的水平”；法院指出该段落并不存在，并警告称此类引用可能会导致规则 11 的制裁。结果：警告。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "4 March 2024", "title": "Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) Circular on AI Chatbots in Financial Services", "url": "https://www.consumerfinance.gov/compliance/supervisory-guidance/cfpb-circular-2024-01-chatbots-in-consumer-finance/", "description": "The CFPB issued a circular warning that financial institutions using AI chatbots that provide consumers with legally required disclosures or respond to billing error disputes and credit reporting complaints must ensure those AI systems accurately fulfill legal obligations. The circular cautioned that AI chatbots failing to provide adequate responses to consumer inquiries about legal rights, account terms, and dispute resolution may violate existing consumer financial protection laws. It signaled that the CFPB would hold financial institutions responsible for AI system failures that harm consumers, regardless of whether the AI operates as intended by its developers.", "categories": [ "Finance", "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 关于金融服务中人工智能聊天机器人的通知", "description_zh": "CFPB 发出通告警告，使用人工智能聊天机器人为消费者提供法律要求的信息披露或回应账单错误争议和信用报告投诉的金融机构必须确保这些人工智能系统准确履行法律义务。该通知警告说，人工智能聊天机器人未能对消费者有关合法权利、账户条款和争议解决的询问提供充分的答复，可能违反现有的消费者金融保护法。这表明 CFPB 将要求金融机构对损害消费者的人工智能系统故障负责，无论人工智能是否按照开发者的预期运行。" }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "Kruse v. Karlen", "url": "https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/mis-crt-app-eas-dis-div-two/115816278.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Miss. CA. Outcome: Dismissal of Appeal + Damages Awarded for Frivolous Appeal..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "克鲁斯诉卡伦案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 CA 小姐的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：驳回上诉+因无意义上诉而获得损害赔偿。", "court": "Miss. CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Dismissal of Appeal + Damages Awarded for Frivolous Appeal.", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "Inventorship Guidance for AI-Assisted Inventions", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/13/2024-02623/inventorship-guidance-for-ai-assisted-inventions", "description": "Requires inventors and joint inventors on U.S. patents to be natural persons, excluding AI systems as inventors. Allows AI-assisted inventions to be patented if natural persons significantly contribute. Emphasizes compliance with inventorship requirements under U.S. patent statutes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能辅助发明的发明权指南", "description_zh": "要求美国专利的发明人和联合发明人必须是自然人，不包括人工智能系统的发明人。如果自然人做出重大贡献，则允许人工智能辅助发明获得专利。强调遵守美国专利法规下的发明人要求。" }, { "date": "12 February 2024", "title": "Smith v. Farwell", "url": "https://masslawyersweekly.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2024/02/12-007-24.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Massachusetts. Outcome: Monetary Fine (Supervising Lawyer).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "史密斯诉法威尔案", "description_zh": "律师在马萨诸塞州的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。结果：罚款（监督律师）。", "court": "Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Fine (Supervising Lawyer)", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "08 February 2024", "title": "Part 170: Health Data, Technology, and Interoperability: Certification Program Updates, Algorithm Transparency, and Information Sharing", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/09/2023-28857/health-data-technology-and-interoperability-certification-program-updates-algorithm-transparency-and", "description": "Adds definitions for \"Predictive Decision Support Intervention\" (Predictive DSI) involving AI algorithms for healthcare decision-making. Requires certification and configuration of AI-based decision support systems, ensuring fairness, transparency, risk management, and external validation processes. Establishes standards for data interoperability and API access.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 170 部分：健康数据、技术和互操作性：认证计划更新、算法透明度和信息共享", "description_zh": "添加了涉及用于医疗保健决策的人工智能算法的“预测性决策支持干预”(Predictive DSI) 的定义。需要对基于人工智能的决策支持系统进行认证和配置，确保公平、透明、风险管理和外部验证流程。建立数据互操作性和 API 访问的标准。" }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "Park v. Kim", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/243/Park_v._Kim_US_2nd_Cir._CA_January_30_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the 2nd. Cir. CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief cited a non-existent Appellate Division decision; the Court could not locate it, ordered a copy, and counsel later admitted it was generated via ChatGPT and does not exist; Court referred counsel to the Grievance Panel. Outcome: Referral to Grievance Panel + Order to Disclose Misconduct to Client..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "朴诉金", "description_zh": "律师在2日之前的诉讼中使用了ChatGPT。循环。加利福尼亚州。捏造：判例法|答复摘要引用了一项不存在的上诉庭裁决；法院找不到它，要求提供一份副本，律师后来承认它是通过 ChatGPT 生成的，并不存在；法院将律师转介给申诉小组。结果：转介至申诉小组 + 命令向客户披露不当行为..", "court": "2nd. Cir. CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to Grievance Panel + Order to Disclose Misconduct to Client.", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2024", "title": "National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) Pilot Launch", "url": "https://www.nsf.gov/focus-areas/artificial-intelligence/nairr", "description": "The National Science Foundation and OSTP launched the National AI Research Resource pilot, providing U.S. researchers and educators with access to computational resources, data, software, models, and training to advance AI research and democratize participation in AI development. The pilot brought together over 10 federal agencies and 25 private sector and non-profit partners to provide resources to academic and non-profit researchers. The NAIRR pilot was designed as a proof-of-concept for a permanent national AI research infrastructure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Education" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能研究资源 (NAIRR) 试点启动", "description_zh": "美国国家科学基金会和 OSTP 启动了国家人工智能研究资源试点，为美国研究人员和教育工作者提供计算资源、数据、软件、模型和培训，以推进人工智能研究并使人工智能开发的参与民主化。该试点项目汇集了 10 多个联邦机构以及 25 个私营部门和非营利合作伙伴，为学术和非营利研究人员提供资源。 NAIRR 试点项目旨在作为永久性国家人工智能研究基础设施的概念验证。" }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "Matter of Samuel", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/233/Matter_of_Samuel_NY_Court_January_11_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the NY Country Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief dated Oct. 11, 2023 cited five of six cases that the court found were erroneous or nonexistent after a simple Lexis/Westlaw check. Outcome: Striking of Filing + Sanctions Hearing Scheduled.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "撒母耳的事", "description_zh": "律师在纽约国家法院的诉讼中使用了身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法| 2023 年 10 月 11 日的答复摘要引用了法院在 Lexis/Westlaw 简单检查后发现的六个案件中的五个案件，这些案件是错误的或不存在的。结果：取消立案+安排制裁听证会。", "court": "NY Country Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Striking of Filing + Sanctions Hearing Scheduled", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 January 2024", "title": "Department of Defense Directive 3000.09: Autonomy in Weapon Systems", "url": "https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/300009p.pdf", "description": "This DoD directive updated the 2012 policy on autonomous weapon systems, establishing requirements for human judgment in the use of force and safeguards to prevent unintended engagement. It required that autonomous and semi-autonomous weapon systems be designed to allow commanders and operators to apply appropriate levels of human judgment over the use of force. The directive mandated senior-level reviews for the development and fielding of autonomous weapon systems and set safety, security, and effectiveness standards for AI-enabled weapons.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国防部指令 3000.09：武器系统的自主性", "description_zh": "这项国防部指令更新了 2012 年关于自主武器系统的政策，规定了使用武力时的人类判断要求以及防止意外交战的保障措施。它要求自主和半自主武器系统的设计允许指挥官和操作员对武力的使用进行适当程度的人类判断。该指令要求对自主武器系统的开发和部署进行高层审查，并为人工智能武器设定安全、安保和有效性标准。" }, { "date": "22 December 2023", "title": "AI Transparency in Government Procurement Act (NDAA FY2024, Section 1508)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/2670/text", "description": "Enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024, this provision required the Department of Defense to assess and disclose its use of AI in acquisition and procurement processes and to develop guidance on AI procurement standards and evaluation criteria. It also mandated reporting to Congress on AI-enabled capabilities being developed and deployed by the DoD, enhancing legislative oversight of military AI adoption. The provision built on prior NDAA AI sections and reflected growing Congressional focus on DoD AI governance.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《政府采购中的人工智能透明度法案》（NDAA 2024 财年，第 1508 条）", "description_zh": "作为《2024 财年国防授权法》的一部分，该条款要求国防部评估和披露其在采办和采购流程中对人工智能的使用，并制定有关人工智能采购标准和评估标准的指南。它还要求向国会报告国防部正在开发和部署的人工智能功能，从而加强对军事人工智能采用的立法监督。该条款建立在之前的 NDAA 人工智能部分的基础上，反映出国会对国防部人工智能治理的日益关注。" }, { "date": "6 December 2023", "title": "HHS Office for Civil Rights Guidance on AI and Nondiscrimination in Healthcare", "url": "https://www.hhs.gov/civil-rights/for-individuals/special-topics/ai/index.html", "description": "The HHS Office for Civil Rights issued guidance clarifying that existing civil rights laws—including Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act, and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act—apply to healthcare providers' use of AI, and that AI systems that result in discrimination against patients based on race, disability, or other protected characteristics may constitute unlawful discrimination. The guidance directed covered entities to monitor AI tools for discriminatory outcomes and take corrective action. It also addressed how informed consent obligations apply to AI-assisted clinical decision-making.", "categories": [ "Healthcare", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "HHS 人工智能和医疗保健非歧视民权指导办公室", "description_zh": "HHS 民权办公室发布指南，澄清现有民权法（包括《康复法》第 504 条、《平价医疗法》第 1557 条和《民权法》第六章）适用于医疗保健提供者对人工智能的使用，并且导致基于种族、残疾或其他受保护特征对患者进行歧视的人工智能系统可能构成非法歧视。该指南指导涵盖的实体监控人工智能工具是否存在歧视性结果并采取纠正措施。它还讨论了知情同意义务如何适用于人工智能辅助临床决策。" }, { "date": "21 November 2023", "title": "Zachariah Crabill Disciplinary Case", "url": "", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Colorado SC. Outcome: 90-day Actual Suspension (+ stayed term, probation).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "撒迦利亚·克拉比尔纪律案", "description_zh": "律师在科罗拉多州最高法院的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。结果：90 天实际停职（+ 留任期限、缓刑）。", "court": "Colorado SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "90-day Actual Suspension (+ stayed term, probation)", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "16 November 2023", "title": "Whaley v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://pacer.gov/qwikspost.htm?quickcaseid=274822", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Ohio. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Whaley 诉 Experian Information Solutions", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。俄亥俄州。结果：警告。", "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 November 2023", "title": "Mescall v. Renaissance at Antiquity", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/241/Mescall_v._Renaissance_at_Antiquity_US_DC_Western_North_Carolina_November_13_2023.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Westner N.C.. Outcome: No sanction; Warning and Leave to Amend Granted.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "麦斯卡尔诉古代文艺复兴", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 Westner N.C. 的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：不予制裁；警告并允许修改。", "court": "Westner N.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction; Warning and Leave to Amend Granted", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 November 2023", "title": "In re Celsius Network LLC", "url": "/documents/1049/In_re_Celsius_Network_LLC_USA_9_November_2023.pdf", "description": "Expert used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. New York (Bankruptcy). Misrepresented: Other | Report generated by AI contained almost no citations and the expert did not review underlying sources; court found it was not based on sufficient facts or data and excluded the report. Outcome: Expert report excluded as unreliable.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于摄氏度网络有限责任公司", "description_zh": "专家在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。纽约（破产）。误传：其他|人工智能生成的报告几乎没有引用，专家也没有审查潜在来源；法院认为该报告没有提供足够的事实或数据，因此排除了该报告。结果：专家报告因不可靠而被排除。", "court": "S.D. New York (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Expert report excluded as unreliable", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 November 2023", "title": "Department of Transportation Automated Vehicle Comprehensive Plan", "url": "https://www.transportation.gov/AV/plan", "description": "The U.S. Department of Transportation released its Automated Vehicle Comprehensive Plan, establishing a framework for federal engagement with autonomous vehicle technology across safety, infrastructure, connectivity, and equity dimensions. The plan outlined DOT's approach to facilitating the safe testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles on public roads while setting expectations for safety reporting, data sharing, and public engagement. It directed DOT operating administrations including NHTSA, FHWA, and FTA to coordinate on AV policy and to develop updated safety frameworks appropriate for increasingly automated vehicle systems.", "categories": [ "Autonomous Vehicles", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "交通运输部自动驾驶汽车综合规划", "description_zh": "美国交通部发布了自动驾驶汽车综合计划，为联邦政府在安全、基础设施、连接性和公平性方面参与自动驾驶汽车技术建立了框架。该计划概述了交通部促进自动驾驶汽车在公共道路上安全测试和部署的方法，同时设定了安全报告、数据共享和公众参与的期望。它指示包括 NHTSA、FHWA 和 FTA 在内的 DOT 运营管理部门协调 AV 政策，并开发适合日益自动化的车辆系统的更新安全框架。" }, { "date": "30 October 2023", "title": "Executive Order 14110: Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/01/2023-24283/safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence", "description": "President Biden's landmark executive order directed federal agencies to develop standards, tools, and tests to ensure AI safety and security, requiring developers of the most powerful AI systems to share safety test results with the government. It established new standards for AI safety and security, privacy protections, equity and civil rights safeguards, and actions to support workers, consumers, and patients. The order also directed NIST to develop standards for AI red-teaming and tasked agencies across government with addressing AI risks in their sectors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce", "Healthcare" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政命令 14110：安全、可靠且值得信赖的人工智能开发和使用", "description_zh": "拜登总统具有里程碑意义的行政命令指示联邦机构制定标准、工具和测试，以确保人工智能的安全和安保，要求最强大的人工智能系统的开发人员与政府分享安全测试结果。它为人工智能安全、隐私保护、公平和公民权利保障以及支持工人、消费者和患者的行动制定了新标准。该命令还指示 NIST 制定人工智能红队标准，并责成政府各机构解决各自部门的人工智能风险。" }, { "date": "23 October 2023", "title": "Morgan v. Community Against Violence", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2023/11/13/self-represented-litigants-use-ai-to-write-briefs-produce-hallucinated-citations/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the New Mexico. Outcome: Partial Dismissal + Judicial Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "摩根诉社区反暴力案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在新墨西哥州的诉讼中使用身份不明。结果：部分解雇+司法警告。", "court": "New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Partial Dismissal + Judicial Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 October 2023", "title": "Thomas v. Pangburn", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/252/Thomas_v._Pangburn_S.D.Ga._October_6_2023.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the S.D. Ga.. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited ten case authorities that did not exist; the Court independently verified the citations were sham despite looking legitimate and ordered an explanation. Outcome: Dismissal of Case as Sanction for Bad Faith + Judicial Rebuke.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "托马斯诉潘伯恩案", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 S.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。 Ga..捏造：判例法|原告引用了十个不存在的案件权威；尽管这些引文看起来合法，但法院独立核实了这些引文是假的，并下令做出解释。结果：驳回案件作为恶意制裁 + 司法谴责。", "court": "S.D. Ga.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Dismissal of Case as Sanction for Bad Faith + Judicial Rebuke", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2023", "title": "Department of Defense Data, Analytics, and Artificial Intelligence Adoption Strategy", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2023/Nov/02/2003333300/-1/-1/1/DOD_DATA_ANALYTICS_AI_ADOPTION_STRATEGY.PDF", "description": "The DoD's strategy for accelerating AI adoption across military and administrative operations, emphasizing the integration of data, analytics, and AI as a strategic priority to maintain military advantage. The strategy outlined four lines of effort: establishing data as a strategic asset, maturing DoD's data, analytics, and AI infrastructure, implementing responsible AI practices, and developing the workforce needed to leverage these capabilities. It also called for streamlining the acquisition of AI-enabled capabilities and fostering a culture of data-driven decision-making across the department.", "categories": [ "Defense & National Security", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国防部数据、分析和人工智能采用战略", "description_zh": "国防部加速在军事和行政行动中采用人工智能的战略，强调将数据、分析和人工智能的整合作为保持军事优势的战略重点。该战略概述了四项工作：将数据建立为战略资产，成熟国防部的数据、分析和人工智能基础设施，实施负责任的人工智能实践，以及培养利用这些能力所需的劳动力。它还呼吁简化人工智能能力的获取，并在整个部门培育数据驱动决策的文化。" }, { "date": "11 September 2023", "title": "Ruggierlo et al. v. Lancaster", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/253/Ruggierlo_et_al._v._Lancaster_US_DC_Eastern_Michigan_September_11_2023.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the E.D. Mich.. Fabricated: Case Law | Lancaster cited a nonexistent Sixth Circuit case, which the Court explained was a mutant citation blending a Michigan Supreme Court case with a Fifth Circuit reporter cite. Outcome: No sanction; Formal Judicial Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "鲁吉耶洛等人。诉兰开斯特", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 E.D. 的诉讼中使用了身份不明的信息。密歇根州..捏造：判例法|兰开斯特引用了一个不存在的第六巡回法院案件，法院解释说，这是一个突变的引文，混合了密歇根州最高法院的案件和第五巡回法院记者的引文。结果：不予制裁；正式司法警告。", "court": "E.D. Mich.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction; Formal Judicial Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 August 2023", "title": "FTC Report: Generative AI and the FTC's Section 5 Authority", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/reports/generative-ai-report", "description": "The Federal Trade Commission published a report examining how its existing authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act—prohibiting unfair or deceptive acts or practices—applies to generative AI products and services. The report identified key risk areas including false claims about AI capabilities, deceptive AI-generated content, privacy violations in AI training, and discriminatory AI outcomes. It warned that the FTC would pursue enforcement actions against companies that engage in unfair or deceptive practices related to generative AI, regardless of whether Congress enacted sector-specific AI legislation.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "FTC 报告：生成式人工智能和 FTC 第 5 条权威", "description_zh": "联邦贸易委员会发布了一份报告，审查其根据《联邦贸易委员会法案》第 5 条的现有权力（禁止不公平或欺骗性行为或做法）如何适用于生成型人工智能产品和服务。该报告确定了关键风险领域，包括有关人工智能能力的虚假声明、人工智能生成的欺骗性内容、人工智能培训中的隐私侵犯以及歧视性人工智能结果。它警告说，无论国会是否颁布了针对特定行业的人工智能立法，联邦贸易委员会都将对从事与生成人工智能相关的不公平或欺骗性做法的公司采取执法行动。" }, { "date": "15 August 2023", "title": "CISA Roadmap for Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/cisa-roadmap-artificial-intelligence", "description": "The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency published its Roadmap for AI, outlining how CISA would promote the responsible use of AI in critical infrastructure defense while addressing risks from adversarial AI. The roadmap identified five lines of effort: responsibly using AI to support CISA's mission, assuring AI is used safely in critical infrastructure, partnering to promote AI security across the broader ecosystem, expanding AI expertise within the agency, and addressing risks from AI to critical infrastructure. It served as a foundational document for CISA's growing role in AI security governance.", "categories": [ "Cybersecurity", "Defense & National Security" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CISA 人工智能路线图", "description_zh": "网络安全和基础设施安全局发布了人工智能路线图，概述了 CISA 如何在关键基础设施防御中促进人工智能的负责任使用，同时解决对抗性人工智能带来的风险。该路线图确定了五个工作方向：负责任地使用人工智能来支持 CISA 的使命，确保人工智能在关键基础设施中安全使用，合作促进更广泛的生态系统中的人工智能安全，扩大机构内的人工智能专业知识，以及解决从人工智能到关键基础设施的风险。它是 CISA 在人工智能安全治理中发挥日益重要作用的基础文件。" }, { "date": "21 July 2023", "title": "Voluntary AI Commitments from Leading AI Companies", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/07/21/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-secures-voluntary-commitments-from-leading-artificial-intelligence-companies-to-manage-the-risks-posed-by-ai/", "description": "The Biden-Harris administration secured voluntary commitments from seven leading AI companies—Amazon, Anthropic, Google, Inflection, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI—to manage AI risks and advance safety. The companies pledged to share information on AI safety with governments, academia, and civil society; invest in cybersecurity and insider threat safeguards; and develop technical mechanisms to ensure users know when content is AI-generated. These voluntary commitments were an interim step ahead of formal legislation and laid groundwork for the subsequent October 2023 executive order.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "领先人工智能公司的自愿人工智能承诺", "description_zh": "拜登-哈里斯政府获得了七家领先人工智能公司（亚马逊、Anthropic、谷歌、Inflection、Meta、微软和 OpenAI）的自愿承诺，以管理人工智能风险并提高安全性。两家公司承诺与政府、学术界和民间社会分享人工智能安全信息；投资于网络安全和内部威胁防护措施；并制定技术机制，确保用户知道内容何时由人工智能生成。这些自愿承诺是正式立法之前的临时步骤，并为随后的 2023 年 10 月行政命令奠定了基础。" }, { "date": "19 July 2023", "title": "Ex Parte Lee", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/250/Ex_parte_Lee_Texas_CA_July_19_2023.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Texas CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent TCCA case; the pinpoint actually jumps into In re Rodriguez, a Dallas mandamus in a divorce case. Court agreed that the cited case does not exist as presented. Outcome: No sanction; Judicial Warning; Affirmance of Trial Court Decision.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "单方面李", "description_zh": "律师在德克萨斯州加州法院的诉讼中使用身份不明的身份。捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的 TCCA 案例；事实上，这一点直接涉及到达拉斯离婚案中的一项强制令，即《罗德里格斯案》。法院同意所引用的案件并不存在。结果：不予制裁；司法警告；确认初审法院的判决。", "court": "Texas CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction; Judicial Warning; Affirmance of Trial Court Decision", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "NIST Special Publication 600-1: AI Risk Management Framework: Generative AI Profile", "url": "https://airc.nist.gov/Docs/1", "description": "NIST's Generative AI Profile is a companion resource to the AI RMF 1.0 that provides specific guidance for managing unique risks associated with generative AI technologies, including large language models. It identifies 12 risk areas specific to generative AI—such as hallucinations, harmful content, data privacy, and intellectual property—and provides suggested actions for AI developers and deployers. The profile was developed through extensive public consultation and is intended to help organizations evaluate and manage the distinctive challenges posed by foundation models and generative AI systems.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 特别出版物 600-1：人工智能风险管理框架：生成式人工智能概况", "description_zh": "NIST 的生成式 AI 配置文件是 AI RMF 1.0 的配套资源，为管理与生成式 AI 技术（包括大型语言模型）相关的独特风险提供了具体指导。它确定了生成式 AI 特有的 12 个风险领域，例如幻觉、有害内容、数据隐私和知识产权，并为 AI 开发人员和部署人员提供了建议的行动。该简介是通过广泛的公众咨询制定的，旨在帮助组织评估和管理基础模型和生成人工智能系统带来的独特挑战。" }, { "date": "22 June 2023", "title": "Mata v. Avianca, Inc", "url": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368/gov.uscourts.nysd.575368.54.0_8.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the S.D.N.Y.. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent Eleventh Circuit opinion; Clerk confirmed no such case, docket/citation matched other matters, and the text contained gibberish analysis. Outcome: Monetary Fine (Lawyers & Firm); Letters to Client/Judges.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "马塔诉阿维安卡公司", "description_zh": "律师在 S.D.N.Y. 的诉讼中使用 ChatGPT。捏造：判例法 |第十一巡回法院意见不存在；书记员证实没有这样的案例，案卷/引文与其他事项相符，文本包含胡言乱语的分析。结果：罚款（律师事务所）；给客户/法官的信。", "court": "S.D.N.Y.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Fine (Lawyers & Firm); Letters to Client/Judges", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "Scott v. Federal National Mortgage Association", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/251/Scott_v._Federal_National_Mortgage_Association_Superior_Court_June_14_2023.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Maine County. Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition brief cited several case law authorities with proper-looking citations that the court could not locate in any database. Outcome: Dismissal of Complaint + Sanctions (Attorney's Fees and Costs).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "斯科特诉联邦国民抵押贷款协会", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在缅因县的诉讼中使用身份不明。捏造：判例法|反对派的简报引用了几个判例法权威，并提供了法院无法在任何数据库中找到的看似正确的引文。结果：驳回投诉+制裁（律师费和成本）。", "court": "Maine County", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Dismissal of Complaint + Sanctions (Attorney's Fees and Costs)", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan: 2023 Update", "url": "https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/national-ai-rd-strategic-plan-2023.pdf", "description": "The 2023 update to the National AI R&D Strategic Plan maintained the eight original strategic priorities while adding a ninth priority focused on establishing a principled and coordinated approach to international collaboration in AI research and development. The plan emphasized the importance of international engagement to advance U.S. AI leadership, promote democratic values in global AI development, and address the international dimensions of AI safety, security, and trustworthiness. It reflected lessons learned from the rapid advancement of large language models and generative AI technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能研究发展战略规划：2023年更新", "description_zh": "2023年更新的国家人工智能研发战略规划保留了原来的八项战略重点，同时增加了第九项重点，重点是建立原则性和协调性的人工智能研发国际合作方式。该计划强调了国际参与对于提升美国人工智能领导地位、促进全球人工智能发展中的民主价值观以及解决人工智能安全、安保和可信度的国际问题的重要性。它反映了从大型语言模型和生成式人工智能技术快速发展中吸取的经验教训。" }, { "date": "04 May 2023", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan 2023 Update", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/National-Artificial-Intelligence-Research-and-Development-Strategic-Plan-2023-Update.pdf", "description": "Updates the National AI R&D Strategic Plan to prioritize responsible AI research, human-AI collaboration, ethical considerations, AI safety, shared datasets, and workforce development. Expands public-private partnerships and international collaboration to advance equitable and trustworthy AI systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能研究发展战略规划2023更新", "description_zh": "更新国家人工智能研发战略计划，优先考虑负责任的人工智能研究、人机协作、道德考虑、人工智能安全、共享数据集和劳动力发展。扩大公私伙伴关系和国际合作，以推进公平和值得信赖的人工智能系统。" }, { "date": "02 February 2023", "title": "21 CFR § 864.3750 (\"Software algorithm device to assist users in digital pathology\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/02/02/2023-02141/medical-devices-hematology-and-pathology-devices-classification-of-the-software-algorithm-device-to", "description": "Requires a software algorithm device for assisting users in digital pathology -- an in vitro device intended to evaluate acquired scanned pathology images to assist in diagnosis -- to be subject to special control from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Those special controls require detailed product labeling; device performance assessments meeting specific standards; a detailed description of the device's software; and a risk management plan, including measures to protect cybersecurity. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 864.3750（“协助用户进行数字病理学的软件算法设备”）", "description_zh": "需要一种帮助用户进行数字病理学的软件算法设备——一种旨在评估获取的扫描病理图像以协助诊断的体外设备——并受到美国食品和药物管理局的特殊控制。这些特殊控制措施需要详细的产品标签；符合特定标准的设备性能评估；设备软件的详细说明；以及风险管理计划，包括保护网络安全的措施。" }, { "date": "31 January 2023", "title": "21 CFR § 870.2785 (\"Software for optical camera-based measurement of pulse rate, heart rate, breathing rate, and/or respiratory rate\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/31/2023-01967/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-software-for-optical-camera-based", "description": "Classifies software for optical camera-based measurement of pulse rate, heart rate, breathing rate, and/or respiratory rate into the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's class II, requiring special controls. Those controls require comprehensive hazard analysis and risk assessment; clinical testing data demonstrating the software's efficacy; a usability assessment; and detailed product labeling.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.2785（“基于光学摄像头的脉搏率、心率、呼吸率和/或呼吸率测量软件”）", "description_zh": "将用于基于光学摄像头的脉搏率、心率、呼吸率和/或呼吸率测量的软件分类为美国食品和药物管理局的 II 类，需要特殊控制。这些控制措施需要全面的危害分析和风险评估；证明软件功效的临床测试数据；可用性评估；以及详细的产品标签。" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/ai-risk-management-framework", "description": "Published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the AI RMF 1.0 is a voluntary framework to help organizations manage risks associated with AI systems throughout their lifecycle. The framework is organized around four core functions—Govern, Map, Measure, and Manage—and provides guidance for improving the ability of organizations to incorporate trustworthiness considerations into AI design, development, and deployment. It is intended to be used by all organizations regardless of size, sector, or AI maturity and is technology- and sector-neutral.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能风险管理框架（AI RMF 1.0）", "description_zh": "AI RMF 1.0 由美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 发布，是一个自愿框架，旨在帮助组织在整个生命周期中管理与 AI 系统相关的风险。该框架围绕四个核心功能（治理、地图、测量和管理）进行组织，并为提高组织将可信度考虑因素纳入人工智能设计、开发和部署的能力提供指导。它旨在供所有组织使用，无论其规模、行业或人工智能成熟度如何，并且技术和行业中立。" }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "NIST AI Risk Management Framework 1.0", "url": "https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ai/NIST.AI.100-1.pdf", "description": "Defines trustworthy AI as valid, reliable, safe, secure, accountable, transparent, explainable, privacy-enhanced, and fair, with managed harmful bias. Outlines an AI risk management development strategy through governance, mapping, measuring, and managing functions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 人工智能风险管理框架 1.0", "description_zh": "将值得信赖的人工智能定义为有效、可靠、安全、可靠、负责、透明、可解释、隐私增强和公平，并管理有害偏见。通过治理、映射、衡量和管理功能概述人工智能风险管理发展战略。" }, { "date": "25 January 2023", "title": "Department of Defense Directive 3000.09 (\"Autonomy in weapon systems\")", "url": "https://www.esd.whs.mil/portals/54/documents/dd/issuances/dodd/300009p.pdf", "description": "Establishes Department of Defense policy on the use of autonomous and semi-autonomous weapons systems, including testing & evaluation requirements and requirements that humans be able to intervene should such weaponry begin to operate in unintended ways.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国防部指令 3000.09（“武器系统自主性”）", "description_zh": "制定国防部关于使用自主和半自主武器系统的政策，包括测试和评估要求以及在此类武器开始以意外方式运行时人类能够干预的要求。" }, { "date": "03 January 2023", "title": "21 CFR § 876.1520 (\"Gastrointestinal lesion software detection system\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/01/03/2022-28494/medical-devices-gastroenterology-urology-devices-classification-of-the-gastrointestinal-lesion", "description": "Defines testing, performance, and disclosure requirements for devices that use advanced algorithms to help detect gastrointestinal lesions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 876.1520（“胃肠道病变软件检测系统”）", "description_zh": "定义使用先进算法帮助检测胃肠道病变的设备的测试、性能和披露要求。" }, { "date": "30 December 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 882.1491 (\"Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis aid\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/30/2022-28430/medical-devices-neurological-devices-classification-of-the-pediatric-autism-spectrum-disorder", "description": "Classifies a machine-learning software program and device used in the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder into the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's class II, which mandates clinical performance testing; software verification, validation, and hazard analysis; usability assessment; and detailed product labeling. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 882.1491（“儿科自闭症谱系障碍诊断辅助”）", "description_zh": "将用于诊断自闭症谱系障碍的机器学习软件程序和设备归为美国食品和药物管理局的 II 类，要求进行临床性能测试；软件验证、确认和危害分析；可用性评估；以及详细的产品标签。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Health Extenders, Improving Access to Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP, and Strengthening Public Health Act of 2022, Section 1432 (\"Research on the Health and Development Effects of Media and Related Technology on Infants, Children, and Adolescents\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2617/text?s=1&r=10&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to investigate the health and developmental effects of media and technology use, including artificial intelligence, on infants, children, and adolescents.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "健康延伸者、改善医疗保险、医疗补助和 CHIP 的获取，以及加强 2022 年公共卫生法案第 1432 条（“媒体及相关技术对婴儿、儿童和青少年的健康和发展影响的研究”）", "description_zh": "指示卫生与公众服务部部长调查媒体和技术（包括人工智能）的使用对婴儿、儿童和青少年的健康和发育影响。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, Section 101 (\"Manufacturing.gov Hub\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2617/text?s=1&r=10&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Commerce to use machine learning within the establishment of the manufacturing.gov hub. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年综合拨款法第 101 条（“Manufacturing.gov 中心”）", "description_zh": "指示商务部长在 Manufacturing.gov 中心的建立中使用机器学习。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 25017 (\"University Transportation Centers Program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Amends previously established objectives of the university transportation centers program to include research on the cybersecurity implications of autonomous vehicles. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基础设施投资和就业法，第 25017 条（“大学交通中心计划”）", "description_zh": "修改了大学交通中心计划先前设定的目标，以包括对自动驾驶汽车网络安全影响的研究。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 25005 (\"Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish a grant program to advance smart city infrastructure projects, such as the deployment of autonomous vehicles and intelligent, sensor-based infrastructure. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《基础设施投资和就业法》第 25005 条（“加强流动性和变革交通补助计划”）", "description_zh": "指示交通部长制定一项拨款计划，以推进智慧城市基础设施项目，例如自动驾驶汽车和基于传感器的智能基础设施的部署。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 11401 (\"Grants for Charging and Fueling Infrastructure\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish a grant program to promote charging and fueling infrastructure for alternative-fuel vehicles, including infrastructure responsive to technology advancements like autonomous vehicles. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基础设施投资和就业法，第 11401 条（“充电和加油基础设施补助金”）", "description_zh": "指示交通部长制定一项拨款计划，以促进替代燃料汽车的充电和加油基础设施，包括响应自动驾驶汽车等技术进步的基础设施。" }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 13005 (\"Emerging Technology Research Pilot Program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish an emerging technology research pilot program that will conduct research and development related to advanced and additive manufacturing technologies and automated driving and advanced driver-assistance systems", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基础设施投资和就业法，第 13005 条（“新兴技术研究试点计划”）", "description_zh": "指示交通部长建立一个新兴技术研究试点计划，该计划将进行与先进和增材制造技术以及自动驾驶和先进驾驶辅助系统相关的研究和开发" }, { "date": "27 December 2022", "title": "Flood Level Observation, Operations, and Decision Support Act, Section 14 (\"National Weather Service hydrologic research fellowship program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/558/text?s=6&r=6&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Outlines the criteria and expectations for a Fellow in the Hydrologic Research Fellowship Program with NOAA, including the application of AI and machine learning capabilities as a potential research priority.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《洪水位观测、操作和决策支持法》第 14 条（“国家气象局水文研究奖学金计划”）", "description_zh": "概述了 NOAA 水文研究奖学金计划研究员的标准和期望，包括将人工智能和机器学习能力的应用作为潜在的研究重点。" }, { "date": "27 December 2022", "title": "Countering Human Trafficking Act of 2021, Section 4 (\"Specialized Initiatives\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2991/text?s=6&r=3&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Establishes a specialized initiative (under section 4) in conjuction with the Science and Technology Directorate Office of Science and Engineering to modify systems and processes towards countering human trafficking. \n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021 年《打击人口贩运法》第 4 条（“专门举措”）", "description_zh": "与科学技术局科学与工程办公室联合制定一项专门举措（根据第 4 条），以修改打击人口贩运的系统和流程。" }, { "date": "27 December 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 864.3750 (\"Adjunctive hemodynamic indicator with decision point\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/27/2022-28131/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-adjunctive-hemodynamic-indicator-with", "description": "Subjects the adjunctive hemodynamic indicator with decision point -- a device that monitors medical conditions relating to blood flow -- to special regulatory controls, including mandating a risk assessment and the reporting of clinical data proving the devices's efficacy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 864.3750（“带有决策点的辅助血流动力学指标”）", "description_zh": "使具有决策点的辅助血流动力学指标（一种监测与血流相关的医疗状况的设备）接受特殊的监管控制，包括强制进行风险评估和报告证明设备功效的临床数据。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6718 (\"Certification relating to information technology and software systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to assess the threats and national security implications of unmanned aerial system swarms and review the capabilities of the Defense Department to counter these threats. Directs the Secretary of Defense to develop a strategy to field capabilities to counter threats posed by unmanned aerial system swarms and report the assessment findings and strategy to the congressional defense committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 6718 条（“与信息技术和软件系统相关的认证”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长评估无人机群的威胁和国家安全影响，并审查国防部应对这些威胁的能力。指示国防部长制定一项战略，以增强应对无人机群威胁的能力，并向国会国防委员会报告评估结果和战略。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 1554 (\"Roadmap and implementation plan for cyber adoption of artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense to develop a five-year implementation plan for rapidly adopting and acquiring artificial intelligence systems to support the Department of Defense.\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 1554 条（“网络采用人工智能的路线图和实施计划”）", "description_zh": "要求美国网络司令部司令和国防部首席信息官制定快速采用和获取人工智能系统以支持国防部的五年实施计划。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6723 (\"Requirements and report on workforce needs of intelligence community relating to science, technology, engineering, and math, and related areas\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the heads of human capital from each element of the intelligence community, to develop a plan for the recruitment and retention of personnel to integrate, maintain or use artificial intelligence and other emerging technology solutions", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 6723 条（“与科学、技术、工程和数学及相关领域相关的情报界劳动力需求的要求和报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国家情报总监与情报界各个部门的人力资本负责人协调，制定招聘和保留人员的计划，以整合、维护或使用人工智能和其他新兴技术解决方案" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6731 (\"Report on establishment of technology acquisition cadre\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Mandates the Director of National Intelligence to submit a feasibility report which establishes a cadre of experts in emerging technologies and software development, including systems to improve the adoption of commercial solutions for emerging technologies, particularly relating to artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法，第 6731 条（“关于建立技术采购干部的报告”）", "description_zh": "授权国家情报总监提交一份可行性报告，建立新兴技术和软件开发方面的专家骨干队伍，包括改善新兴技术商业解决方案采用的系统，特别是与人工智能相关的技术。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6721 (\"Reports on integration of artificial intelligence within intelligence community\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires all designated element lead in the intelligence community to submit a report detailing their efforts in developing, acquiring, adopting, and maintaining artificial intelligence for enhancing intelligence collection, analysis, and internal workflows.\n\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 6721 条（“关于人工智能在情报界整合的报告”）", "description_zh": "要求情报界的所有指定部门负责人提交一份报告，详细说明他们在开发、获取、采用和维护人工智能以增强情报收集、分析和内部工作流程方面所做的努力。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6702 (\"Additional responsibilities of Director of National Intelligence for artificial intelligence policies, standards, and guidance for the intelligence community\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Director of National Intelligence and intelligence heads, to review and establish AI-related policies, aiming to boost AI adoption in the intelligence community.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 6702 条（“国家情报总监在人工智能政策、标准和情报界指南方面的额外职责”）", "description_zh": "要求国家情报总监和情报负责人审查和制定人工智能相关政策，旨在促进人工智能在情报界的采用。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 11227 (\"Review of artificial intelligence applications and establishment of performance metrics\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the Commandant of the Coast Guard to review, identify necessary resources for, and establish metrics and objectives for the potential integration of artificial intelligence into Coast Guard platforms, processes, and operations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 11227 条（“审查人工智能应用和建立绩效指标”）", "description_zh": "指示海岸警卫队指挥官审查、确定必要的资源，并为将人工智能集成到海岸警卫队平台、流程和操作中的可能性制定指标和目标。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 11226 (\"Artificial intelligence strategy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Commandant of the Coast Guard to coordinate AI-related activities, designate an senior Coast Guard official responsible for AI, and (through the designated official) develop a strategic plan for AI", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 11226 条（“人工智能战略”）", "description_zh": "要求海岸警卫队司令协调人工智能相关活动，指定一名负责人工智能的海岸警卫队高级官员，并（通过指定官员）制定人工智能战略计划" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6742 (\"Code-free artificial intelligence enablement tools policy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the heads of the elements of the intelligence community to draft a potential policy to promote the intelligence community-wide use of code-free artificial intelligence enablement tools.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 6742 条（“无代码人工智能支持工具政策”）", "description_zh": "指示情报界各部门负责人起草一项潜在政策，以促进情报界广泛使用无代码人工智能支持工具。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 911 (\"Updates to management reform framework\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Updates the DoD Management Reform Framework by adding AI tools for management decision-making as one of eight elements of reform.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 911 条（“管理改革框架更新”）", "description_zh": "更新国防部管理改革框架，添加用于管理决策的人工智能工具，作为改革的八个要素之一。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 162 (\"Assessment and strategy for fielding capabilities to counter threats posed by unmanned aerial system swarms\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to assess the threats and national security implications of unmanned aerial system swarms and review the capabilities of the Defense Department to counter these threats. Directs the Secretary of Defense to develop a strategy to field capabilities to counter threats posed by unmanned aerial system swarms and report the assessment findings and strategy to the congressional defense committees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 162 条（“应对无人机系统群威胁的部署能力的评估和战略”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长评估无人机群的威胁和国家安全影响，并审查国防部应对这些威胁的能力。指示国防部长制定一项战略，以增强应对无人机群威胁的能力，并向国会国防委员会报告评估结果和战略。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 861 (\"Strategy for increasing competitive opportunities for certain critical technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to submit a strategy for implementing critical technologies, including AI, into defense programs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 861 条（“增加某些关键技术竞争机会的战略”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长提交一项在国防计划中实施关键技术（包括人工智能）的战略。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 557 (\"Study and report on professional military education\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to evaluate and include in the Professional Military Education (PME) curriculum special focus areas related to innovation, with AI being one of them.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法，第 557 条（“专业军事教育研究和报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长评估与创新相关的特别重点领域并将其纳入专业军事教育（PME）课程，人工智能就是其中之一。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 1092 (\"National Commission on the Future of the Navy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Establishes an independent Commission on the Future of the Navy within the legislative branch, whose duties include studying opportunities to incorporate advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, in the fleet.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法，第 1092 条（“国家海军未来委员会”）", "description_zh": "在立法部门内设立一个独立的海军未来委员会，其职责包括研究将人工智能等先进技术融入舰队的机会。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 916 (\"Strategic management dashboard demonstration\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to demonstrate a strategic management dashboard within one year of the Act's enactment. This dashboard will automate data collection and data visualization of the Department of Defense's primary management goals, and will incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to improve data analytic capabilities and decision making.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 916 条（“战略管理仪表板演示”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长在该法案颁布后一年内展示战略管理仪表板。该仪表板将自动化国防部主要管理目标的数据收集和数据可视化，并将结合人工智能和机器学习工具来提高数据分析能力和决策。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 1535 (\"Department of Defense Cyber and Digital Service Academy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to establish the Department of Defense Cyber and Digital Service Academy, a scholarship to fund students in critically needed digital technology areas such as AI in return for a commitment to work at the Department of Defense.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 1535 条（“国防部网络和数字服务学院”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长建立国防部网络和数字服务学院，为人工智能等急需数字技术领域的学生提供奖学金，以换取在国防部工作的承诺。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6504 (\"Annual report on concentrated reeducation camps in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Director of National Intelligence to create an annual report to Congress that includes a list of Chinese AI businesses that are involved with or are supporting concentrated reeducation camps in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "詹姆斯·M·英霍夫《2023 财年国防授权法》第 6504 条（“中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区集中再教育营年度报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国家情报总监向国会提交年度报告，其中包括参与或正在支持中国新疆维吾尔自治区集中再教育营的中国人工智能企业名单。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 11504 (\"At-sea recovery operations pilot program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security to conduct a pilot program to assess the potential for the autonomous, or remotely controlled, operation and monitoring of certain Coast Guard vessels.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 11504 条（“海上恢复行动试点计划”）", "description_zh": "要求国土安全部部长开展试点计划，以评估某些海岸警卫队船只自主或远程控制操作和监控的潜力。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 835 (\"Curricula on software acquisitions and cybersecurity software or hardware acquisitions for covered individuals\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Defense Acquisition University President to enhance curricula with information on several technologies, including AI, and report to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法，第 835 条（“针对受保护个人的软件采购和网络安全软件或硬件采购课程”）", "description_zh": "要求国防采办大学校长通过包括人工智能在内的多种技术的信息来加强课程，并向国会报告。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 11225 (\"Establishment of unmanned system program and autonomous control and computer vision technology project\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Coast Guard to implement, and brief Congress on, a program for using unmanned vehicles to improve mission execution. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 11225 条（“建立无人系统计划以及自主控制和计算机视觉技术项目”）", "description_zh": "要求海岸警卫队实施一项使用无人驾驶车辆改善任务执行的计划，并向国会通报情况。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 10305 (\"Modifications to the ocean exploration program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to promote the development and use of emerging technologies for research, communication, navigation, and data collection in marine science as part of the Administration's national ocean exploration program. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 10305 条（“国家海洋和大气管理局海洋勘探计划的修改”）", "description_zh": "指示国家海洋和大气管理局局长促进海洋科学研究、通信、导航和数据收集新兴技术的开发和使用，作为国家海洋勘探计划的一部分。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6513 (\"Lead intelligence community coordinator for countering and neutralizing proliferation of Iran-origin unmanned aircraft systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the Director of National Intelligence to appoint a lead coordinator to address the proliferation of Iran-origin unmanned aircraft systems, develop a comprehensive action plan, and report findings to Congress. Encourages collaboration among members of the Five Eyes Partnership and Israel in countering these threats.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "詹姆斯·M·英霍夫 (James M. Inhofe) 2023 财年国防授权法案第 6513 条（“打击和压制源自伊朗的无人机系统扩散的首席情报界协调员”）", "description_zh": "指示国家情报总监任命一名首席协调员来解决源自伊朗的无人机系统的扩散问题，制定全面的行动计划，并向国会报告调查结果。鼓励五眼伙伴关系成员与以色列合作应对这些威胁。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 862 (\"Key advanced system development industry days\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires each Secretary of a military department to hold an event every 180 days designed to collaborate with the private sector on, and raise awareness of, innovation in autonomous systems with military applications. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 862 条（“关键先进系统开发行业日”）", "description_zh": "要求军事部门的每位部长每 180 天举办一次活动，旨在与私营部门合作开展军事应用自主系统创新，并提高人们对创新的认识。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 1513 (\"Establishing projects for data management, artificial intelligence, and digital solutions\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the Deputy Secretary of Defense to establish projects for data management, artificial intelligence, and digital solutions, and to assign responsibilities for the execution and funding of the projects. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 1513 条（“建立数据管理、人工智能和数字解决方案项目”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部副部长建立数据管理、人工智能和数字解决方案项目，并分配项目执行和资助的责任。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 9218 (\"Report on changes to the Foreign Service Officer Test\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of State to submit to Congress a report on recent changes made to the Foreign Service entry process, including the use of artificial intelligence and its impact on recruitment. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法第 9218 条（“关于外交官测试变更的报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国务卿向国会提交一份关于近期外交人员入职流程变化的报告，包括人工智能的使用及其对招聘的影响。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 9506 (\"Cybersecurity recruitment and retention\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of State to establish Department of State positions that are solely dedicated to the recruitment and retention of personnel with backgrounds in artificial intelligence and other critical technology fields; authorizes $750,000 for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to do so.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 9506 条（“网络安全招募和保留”）", "description_zh": "要求国务卿设立国务院职位，专门负责招聘和留住具有人工智能和其他关键技术领域背景的人员；授权 2023 至 2027 财年每年拨款 75 万美元用于此目的。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6812 (\"Increased intelligence-related engineering, research, and development capabilities of minority institutions\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Requires the Director of National Intelligence to develop a plan to promote intelligence-related engineering, research, and development activities at institutes of higher education whose students are predominantly of minority ethnicities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案，第 6812 条（“增强少数机构的情报相关工程、研究和开发能力”）", "description_zh": "要求国家情报总监制定一项计划，以促进学生以少数民族为主的高等教育机构的情报相关工程、研究和开发活动。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6505 (\"Assessments of production of semiconductors by the People's Republic of China\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "After this act is passed, the Director of National Intelligence must submit a detailed report about the production of semiconductors in China. The Director must also meet with federal agencies' heads to discuss the report and other findings related to the Chinese production of semiconductors.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法，第 6505 条（“中华人民共和国半导体生产评估”）", "description_zh": "该法案通过后，国家情报总监必须提交一份有关中国半导体生产的详细报告。局长还必须与联邦机构负责人会面，讨论该报告以及与中国半导体生产相关的其他调查结果。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 6717 (\"Policy on required user adoption metrics in certain contracts for artificial intelligence and emerging technology software products\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Instructs the Director of National Intelligence to establish a policy regarding user adoption metrics for contracts and other agreements for the procurement of AI and emerging technology software products.\n \n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 6717 条（“关于人工智能和新兴技术软件产品某些合同中所需用户采用指标的政策”）", "description_zh": "指示国家情报总监制定有关采购人工智能和新兴技术软件产品的合同和其他协议的用户采用指标的政策。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Section 212 (\"Clarification of role of senior official with principal responsibility for artificial intelligence and machine learning\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Makes various technical amendments largely pertaining to modification of titles of senior officials with duties relevant to artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "James M. Inhofe 2023 财年国防授权法案第 212 条（“澄清主要负责人工智能和机器学习的高级官员的角色”）", "description_zh": "进行了各种技术修订，主要涉及修改负责人工智能相关职责的高级官员的头衔。" }, { "date": "23 December 2022", "title": "Advancing American Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/7776/text", "description": "Encourages AI-related programs and initiatives to enhance US competitiveness and to promote greater AI adoption across the Federal Government. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Security", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Risk factors: Privacy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进美国人工智能法案", "description_zh": "鼓励与人工智能相关的计划和举措，以增强美国的竞争力并促进联邦政府更多地采用人工智能。" }, { "date": "12 December 2022", "title": "CHIPS and Science Act — National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) Provisions", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text", "description": "The CHIPS and Science Act of 2022 included provisions directing the National Science Foundation and OSTP to establish a National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) to democratize access to AI computing resources, datasets, and software tools for academic researchers and other non-commercial entities. It authorized a taskforce to design the NAIRR and provided initial funding, with the aim of reducing the concentration of AI research capabilities in large commercial companies. The NAIRR pilot program subsequently launched in January 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Education" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CHIPS 和科学法案 — 国家人工智能研究资源 (NAIRR) 规定", "description_zh": "2022 年《CHIPS 和科学法案》包括指导美国国家科学基金会和 OSTP 建立国家人工智能研究资源 (NAIRR) 的条款，以实现学术研究人员和其他非商业实体对人工智能计算资源、数据集和软件工具的民主化。它授权一个工作组设计 NAIRR 并提供初始资金，旨在减少人工智能研究能力集中在大型商业公司的情况。 NAIRR 试点计划随后于 2024 年 1 月启动。" }, { "date": "1 November 2022", "title": "Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3572", "description": "Introduced in the Senate, the Algorithmic Accountability Act of 2022 would have required large companies to conduct impact assessments of automated decision systems for biases and risks to privacy, security, accuracy, and discrimination. The bill did not pass but represented a significant legislative proposal for comprehensive federal AI accountability legislation and influenced state-level legislation in Colorado, Virginia, and other states. It was reintroduced in the 118th Congress in 2023 and continued to serve as a benchmark for federal AI accountability legislation discussions.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 年算法问责法案", "description_zh": "参议院提出的 2022 年算法问责法案将要求大公司对自动化决策系统进行影响评估，以了解隐私、安全、准确性和歧视方面的偏见和风险。该法案并未获得通过，但代表了一项关于全面的联邦人工智能问责立法的重要立法提案，并影响了科罗拉多州、弗吉尼亚州和其他州的州级立法。它于 2023 年在第 118 届国会重新提出，并继续作为联邦人工智能问责立法讨论的基准。" }, { "date": "17 October 2022", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Training for the Acquisition Workforce Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2551/text?s=6&r=2&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Requires the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to establish an AI training program for the acquisition workforce. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《采购劳动力人工智能培训法案》", "description_zh": "要求管理和预算办公室主任为采购人员制定人工智能培训计划。" }, { "date": "01 October 2022", "title": "Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Blueprint-for-an-AI-Bill-of-Rights.pdf", "description": "Requires pre-deployment testing, risk mitigation, and ongoing monitoring for automated systems' safety and effectiveness. Mandates independent evaluations, public reporting, and avoiding inappropriate data. Demands protections against algorithmic discrimination and data privacy. Institutes oversight on surveillance technologies. Requires clear user notifications and explanations. Insists on transparency and accountability through independent evaluations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Security", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能权利法案蓝图", "description_zh": "需要部署前测试、风险缓解和持续监控自动化系统的安全性和有效性。要求进行独立评估、公开报告并避免使用不当数据。要求保护算法歧视和数据隐私。对监视技术进行监督。需要明确的用户通知和解释。通过独立评估坚持透明度和问责制。" }, { "date": "16 August 2022", "title": "An act to include certain computer-related projects in the Federal permitting program under title XLI of the FAST Act, and for other purposes", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3451/text?s=6&r=1&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Amends the FAST Act, adding AI and machine learning technology-related infrastructure to the FAST Act permitting program.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将某些计算机相关项目纳入 FAST 法案 XLI 标题下的联邦许可计划以及用于其他目的的法案", "description_zh": "修订 FAST 法案，将人工智能和机器学习技术相关基础设施添加到 FAST 法案许可计划中。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title IV, Section 10402 (\"National engineering biology research and development initiative\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Provides scholarships and fellowships for AI-related studies to recruit and train the next generation of AI professionals in US government. Grants competitive grants and fellowships for organizations advancing risk assessment through AI. Adds AI and machine learning to the list of research areas that the Director of the National Science Foundation can award grants to. Makes awards available for supporting basic research to advance critical minerals mining strategies that involve AI. Requires the development and testing of models to inform implementation of government-wide data infrastructure for statistical activities. Requires a study on U.S. higher education's AI research capacity and an annual update to key technology focus areas.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《研究与开发、竞争与创新法》第四章第 10402 节（“国家工程生物学研究与开发计划”）", "description_zh": "为人工智能相关研究提供奖学金和助学金，以招募和培训美国政府的下一代人工智能专业人员。为通过人工智能推进风险评估的组织提供竞争性赠款和奖学金。将人工智能和机器学习添加到国家科学基金会主任可以授予资助的研究领域列表中。提供奖项来支持基础研究，以推进涉及人工智能的关键矿产开采战略。需要开发和测试模型，为政府统计活动数据基础设施的实施提供信息。需要对美国高等教育的人工智能研究能力进行研究，并对关键技术重点领域进行年度更新。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title I (\"Department of Energy Science for the Future\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Initiates several projects using artificial intelligence and emerging technologies, all directives emphasizing support for artificial intelligence and data science development, establishing technical standards, and creating testbeds for robust systems. Efforts on scholarships, fellowships, and ongoing research to nurture the next generation of artificial intelligence professionals and enhance biometric identification technologies.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研究与开发、竞争和创新法案第一章（“未来能源科学系”）", "description_zh": "启动了多个使用人工智能和新兴技术的项目，所有指令都强调支持人工智能和数据科学的发展，建立技术标准，并为强大的系统创建测试平台。努力提供奖学金、研究金和正在进行的研究，以培养下一代人工智能专业人员并增强生物识别技术。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title II (\"National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Future\"), Subtitle B (\"Measurement Research\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Enhances Artificial Intelligence Systems through research and testing, optimizing data sets, and evaluating network architectures. Necessitates measurement research for advanced communications. Supports AI and data science development. Requires a risk management tech framework and publishing cybersecurity tools for trustworthy AI systems. Mandates cover creating testbeds for robust system development and conducting regular testing to improve biometric identification technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研究与开发、竞争和创新法，第二章（“国家未来标准与技术研究所”），副标题 B（“测量研究”）", "description_zh": "通过研究和测试、优化数据集和评估网络架构来增强人工智能系统。需要对先进通信进行测量研究。 Supports AI and data science development.需要风险管理技术框架并为值得信赖的人工智能系统发布网络安全工具。任务包括为强大的系统开发创建测试平台，并进行定期测试以改进生物识别技术。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title VI, Section 10731 (\"Microelectronics research for energy innovation\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Energy to carry out a program of research, development, and demonstration of microelectronics, including leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance microelectronics applications. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研究与开发、竞争和创新法，第六章，第 10731 节（“能源创新的微电子研究”）", "description_zh": "指示能源部长实施微电子研究、开发和示范计划，包括利用人工智能增强微电子应用。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title VI, Section 10771 (\"Department of Energy research, development, and demonstration activities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Authorizes the appropriation of $200 million to the U.S. Department of Energy to carry out environmental management research, development, and demonstration activities, including those relating to artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研究与开发、竞争与创新法，第六章，第 10771 节（“能源部研究、开发和示范活动”）", "description_zh": "授权向美国能源部拨款2亿美元，用于开展环境管理研究、开发和示范活动，包括与人工智能相关的活动。" }, { "date": "09 August 2022", "title": "Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act, Title III (\"National Science Foundation for the Future\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4346/text?s=1&r=4&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%7D", "description": "Provides scholarships and fellowships for AI-related studies to recruit and train the next generation of AI professionals in US government. Grants competitive grants and fellowships for organizations advancing risk assessment through AI. Adds AI and machine learning to the list of research areas that the Director of the National Science Foundation can award grants to. Makes awards available for supporting basic research to advance critical minerals mining strategies that involve AI. Requires the development and testing of models to inform implementation of government-wide data infrastructure for statistical activities. Requires a study on U.S. higher education's AI research capacity and an annual update to key technology focus areas.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: New institution", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Incentives: Subsidies" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "研究与开发、竞争和创新法，第三章（“国家未来科学基金会”）", "description_zh": "为人工智能相关研究提供奖学金和助学金，以招募和培训美国政府的下一代人工智能专业人员。为通过人工智能推进风险评估的组织提供竞争性赠款和奖学金。将人工智能和机器学习添加到国家科学基金会主任可以授予资助的研究领域列表中。提供奖项来支持基础研究，以推进涉及人工智能的关键矿产开采战略。需要开发和测试模型，为政府统计活动数据基础设施的实施提供信息。需要对美国高等教育的人工智能研究能力进行研究，并对关键技术重点领域进行年度更新。" }, { "date": "08 June 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 870.1345 (\"Intravascular bleed monitor\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/08/2022-12364/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-intravascular-bleed-monitor", "description": "Requires that an intravascular bleed monitor -- which uses measurements of the body's electrical conductivity and an algorithm to monitor potential internal bleeding complications -- be subject to special controls from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Those controls require performance testing for efficacy, usability, and safety; software verification, validation, and hazard analysis; and detailed labeling. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.1345（“血管内出血监测器”）", "description_zh": "要求血管内出血监测仪（使用人体电导率测量和算法来监测潜在的内出血并发症）受到美国食品和药物管理局的特殊控制。这些控制措施需要对功效、可用性和安全性进行性能测试；软件验证、确认和危害分析；以及详细的标签。" }, { "date": "01 June 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 870.1420 (\"Coronary artery disease risk indicator using acoustic heart signals\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/06/01/2022-11699/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-coronary-artery-disease-risk-indicator", "description": "Requires disclosure and verification of algorithms used in coronary artery disease risk indicators to calculate a patient-specific risk of presence of coronary artery disease.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.1420（“使用心脏声学信号的冠状动脉疾病风险指示器”）", "description_zh": "需要披露和验证冠状动脉疾病风险指标中使用的算法，以计算患者特定的冠状动脉疾病存在风险。" }, { "date": "15 March 2022", "title": "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 834 (\"Plan for Artificial Intelligence Digital Ecosystem\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/2471/text?s=1&r=8&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Instructs the Director of National Intelligence to develop a plan with other heads of the intelligence community regarding the development of a modern digital ecosystem for artificial intelligence; details the minimum requirements of the plan.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年情报授权法第 834 条（“人工智能数字生态系统计划”）", "description_zh": "指示国家情报总监与情报界其他负责人一起制定一项关于发展人工智能现代数字生态系统的计划；详细说明了该计划的最低要求。" }, { "date": "3 March 2022", "title": "Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights: Making Automated Systems Work for the American People", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/ai-bill-of-rights/", "description": "Published by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), this non-binding framework outlined five principles to guide the design, use, and deployment of automated systems to protect Americans' rights and opportunities. The five principles are: safe and effective systems, algorithmic discrimination protections, data privacy, notice and explanation, and human alternatives and fallback mechanisms. While not legally enforceable, the Blueprint provided a normative framework that influenced subsequent federal AI policy and state legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Facial Recognition" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能权利法案蓝图：让自动化系统为美国人民服务", "description_zh": "这个不具约束力的框架由白宫科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 发布，概述了指导自动化系统的设计、使用和部署的五项原则，以保护美国人的权利和机会。这五项原则是：安全有效的系统、算法歧视保护、数据隐私、通知和解释、以及人类替代方案和后备机制。虽然该蓝图不具有法律强制执行性，但它提供了一个规范框架，影响了随后的联邦人工智能政策和州立法。" }, { "date": "14 February 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 870.2210 (\"Adjunctive predictive cardiovascular indicator\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/02/14/2022-03096/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-adjunctive-predictive-cardiovascular", "description": "Requires assessments of the risks and efficacy of algorithms used in adjunctive predictive cardiovascular indicators to analyze cardiovascular vital signs and predict future cardiovascular health.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.2210（“辅助预测心血管指标”）", "description_zh": "需要评估辅助预测心血管指标中使用的算法的风险和功效，以分析心血管生命体征并预测未来的心血管健康。" }, { "date": "4 February 2022", "title": "NHTSA Automated Driving Systems: A Vision for Safety 2.0", "url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/vehicle-safety/automated-vehicles-safety", "description": "The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration published voluntary guidance for the safe development and deployment of automated driving systems, providing a framework for manufacturers and other entities to assess and demonstrate the safety of their self-driving vehicle technologies. The guidance encouraged industry to use a Safety Management System approach and to produce voluntary safety self-assessments for public disclosure. NHTSA also updated its Standing General Order requiring manufacturers to report crashes involving automated driving systems and advanced driver assistance systems.", "categories": [ "Autonomous Vehicles" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NHTSA 自动驾驶系统：安全 2.0 愿景", "description_zh": "美国国家公路交通安全管理局发布了自动驾驶系统安全开发和部署的自愿指南，为制造商和其他实体评估和展示其自动驾驶车辆技术的安全性提供了框架。该指南鼓励行业使用安全管理体系方法并进行自愿安全自我评估以供公开披露。 NHTSA 还更新了其常规指令，要求制造商报告涉及自动驾驶系统和高级驾驶员辅助系统的碰撞事故。" }, { "date": "04 February 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 870.2790 (\"Photoplethysmograph analysis software for over-the-counter use\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/02/04/2022-02358/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-photoplethysmograph-analysis-software", "description": "Requires testing that demonstrates photoplethysmograph analysis software is accurate and adequate for detecting irregular heart rhythms.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.2790（“非处方光电体积描记器分析软件”）", "description_zh": "需要进行测试，证明光电体积描记器分析软件准确且足以检测不规则心律。" }, { "date": "18 January 2022", "title": "21 CFR § 870.2345 (\"Electrocardiograph software for over-the-counter use\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/01/18/2022-00827/medical-devices-cardiovascular-devices-classification-of-the-electrocardiograph-software-for", "description": "Labels over-the-counter use of electrocardiograph software devices as Class II (special controls), which requires manufactures to conduct hazard analysis of detection algorithms in the devices.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 870.2345（“非处方使用心电图软件​​”）", "description_zh": "将非处方使用心电图软件​​设备标记为 II 类（特殊控制），要求制造商对设备中的检测算法进行危害分析。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 232 (\"Pilot program on data repositories to facilitate the development of artificial intelligence capabilities for the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to modify the Joint Common Foundation Program. This is to ensure greater support to Department of Defense (DoD) components by increasing the number of AI companies eligible to provide support, and making it easier for DoD components to more easily contract with commercial AI companies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 232 条（“促进国防部人工智能能力发展的数据存储库试点计划”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长修改联合共同基础计划。这是为了通过增加有资格提供支持的人工智能公司的数量来确保对国防部（DoD）部门提供更大的支持，并使国防部部门更容易与商业人工智能公司签订合同。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 226 (\"Review of artificial intelligence applications and establishment of performance metrics\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to review, and establish metrics and objectives for, the potential integration of artificial intelligence into Department of Defense platforms, processes, and operations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 226 条（“审查人工智能应用和建立绩效指标”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长审查人工智能与国防部平台、流程和运营的潜在集成，并制定指标和目标。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 227 (\"Modification of the joint common foundation program\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to modify the Joint Common Foundation Program. This is to ensure greater support to Department of Defense (DoD) components by increasing the number of AI companies eligible to provide support, and making it easier for DoD components to more easily contract with commercial AI companies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 227 条（“联合共同基金会计划的修改”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长修改联合共同基础计划。这是为了通过增加有资格提供支持的人工智能公司的数量来确保对国防部（DoD）部门提供更大的支持，并使国防部部门更容易与商业人工智能公司签订合同。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 557 (\"United States Naval Community College\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Establishes the teaching of skills relating to artificial intelligence as an educational goal of the U.S. Naval Community College.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 557 条（“美国海军社区学院”）", "description_zh": "将人工智能相关技能的教学确立为美国海军社区学院的教育目标。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 247 (\"Reports and briefings on recommendations of the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence regarding the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Defense to submit a report to and brief the congressional defense committees on recommendations made by the National Security Commission on Artificial Intelligence about the Department of Defense.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 247 条（“关于人工智能国家安全委员会有关国防部的建议的报告和简报”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长向国会国防委员会提交报告并向国会国防委员会通报国家人工智能安全委员会对国防部提出的建议。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 216 (\"Improvements relating to steering committee on emerging technology and national security threats\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Amends Section 236 of the FY 2021 National Defense Authorization Act by changing the structure of a steering committee on emerging technology and national security and featuring the intelligence community more prominently in the steering committee's responsibilities. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 216 条（“与新兴技术和国家安全威胁指导委员会相关的改进”）", "description_zh": "修订《2021 财年国防授权法》第 236 条，改变新兴技术和国家安全指导委员会的结构，并使情报界在指导委员会的职责中更加突出。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 909 (\"Digital talent recruiting officer\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to designate a chief digital recruiting officer tasked with improving the Department of Defense's recruitment of individuals with skills relating to artificial intelligence and other digital technologies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 909 条（“数字人才招聘官员”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长指定一名首席数字征兵官，负责改进​​国防部对具有人工智能和其他数字技术相关技能的人员的征聘。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 1509 (\"Assessment of cyber posture and operational assumptions and development of targeting strategies and supporting capabilities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Mandates an assessment of US adversaries' cyber capabilities, including the potential effects of emerging technologies such as AI, and of the U.S. military's plans for potential offensive cyber operations during conflict.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 1509 条（“评估网络态势和作战假设以及制定目标战略和支持能力”）", "description_zh": "要求评估美国对手的网络能力，包括人工智能等新兴技术的潜在影响，以及美国军方在冲突期间潜在的进攻性网络行动计划。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 126 (\"Acquisition, modernization, and sustainment plan for carrier air wings\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Navy to submit to the congressional defense committees a 15-year acquisition, modernization, and sustainment plan -- including analysis of the role of advanced technologies in modernizing existing platforms -- for the carrier air wings of the Navy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 126 条（“舰载机联队的采购、现代化和维护计划”）", "description_zh": "要求海军部长向国会国防委员会提交一份针对海军舰载机联队的 15 年采购、现代化和维护计划，包括分析先进技术在现有平台现代化中的作用。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 1511 (\"Comparative analysis of cybersecurity capabilities\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Instructs various government departments to sponsor an analysis of cybersecurity tools and capabilities. Outlines which specific departments are involved in the analysis. Describes the features and tools that must be functional and applicable to the productivity within the government.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 1511 条（“网络安全能力的比较分析”）", "description_zh": "指示各个政府部门赞助对网络安全工具和功能的分析。概述哪些特定部门参与分析。描述必须有效且适用于政府内部生产力的功能和工具。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 246 (\"Report on autonomy integration in major weapon systems\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the Department of Defense's efforts to ensure that appropriate military systems can operate autonomously in GPS-denied environments. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 246 条（“主要武器系统自主集成报告”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长向国会国防委员会提交一份关于国防部为确保适当的军事系统能够在没有 GPS 的环境中自主运行而做出的努力的报告。" }, { "date": "27 December 2021", "title": "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Section 1531 (\"Digital development infrastructure plan and working group\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1605/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to develop a plan for establishing AI-related information technology infrastructure, and to create a related working group.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: New institution", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 财年国防授权法第 1531 条（“数字发展基础设施计划和工作组”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长制定建立人工智能相关信息技术基础设施的计划，并成立相关工作组。" }, { "date": "15 November 2021", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 40210 (\"Critical Minerals Mining and Recycling Research\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Authorizes the use of funds for the advancement and development of artficial intelligence and machine learning.\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《基础设施投资和就业法》第 40210 条（“关键矿产开采和回收研究”）", "description_zh": "授权使用资金用于人工智能和机器学习的进步和发展。" }, { "date": "15 November 2021", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Section 40433 (\"Digital Climate Solutions Report\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Energy to produce a report that assesses the usage of digital climate tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《基础设施投资和就业法》第 40433 条（“数字气候解决方案报告”）", "description_zh": "指示能源部长编写一份评估数字气候工具使用情况的报告。" }, { "date": "15 November 2021", "title": "Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Title V, Subtitle C, Part II (\"Smart Manufacturing\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/text?s=1&r=12&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Facilitates access to high-performance computing resources at the National Laboratories for small and medium manufacturers; provides funding for the establishment of programs that accelerate the implementation of smart manufacturing technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Security", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "基础设施投资和就业法，第五章，副标题 C，第二部分（“智能制造”）", "description_zh": "促进中小型制造商获得国家实验室的高性能计算资源；为制定加速智能制造技术实施的计划提供资金。" }, { "date": "22 March 2021", "title": "15 CFR part 7 (\"Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/01/19/2021-01234/securing-the-information-and-communications-technology-and-services-supply-chain", "description": "Establishes procedures by which the Secretary of Commerce may evaluate, direct, and/or prohibit information and communications technology or service (ICTS) transactions with foreign adversaries. Relevant ICTS include drones or any other unmanned aerial systems, autonomous systems, and artificial intelligence and machine learning software.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "15 CFR 第 7 部分（“保护信息和通信技术及服务供应链”）", "description_zh": "制定商务部长评估、指导和/或禁止与外国对手进行信息和通信技术或服务（ICTS）交易的程序。相关信息通信技术包括无人机或任何其他无人驾驶航空系统、自主系统以及人工智能和机器学习软件。" }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6216/text", "description": "Enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, this law established the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative to ensure continued U.S. leadership in AI research and development, coordinate AI R&D across federal agencies, and accelerate the development and use of trustworthy AI. It created the National AI Initiative Office within OSTP and established an interagency committee to coordinate federal AI activities. The law also directed the creation of the National AI Advisory Committee to advise the President and the Initiative.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Education" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年国家人工智能倡议法案", "description_zh": "作为 2021 财年国防授权法案的一部分，该法律设立了国家人工智能计划，以确保美国在人工智能研究和开发方面继续保持领先地位，协调联邦机构之间的人工智能研发，并加速可信赖人工智能的开发和使用。它在 OSTP 内设立了国家人工智能倡议办公室，并成立了一个跨机构委员会来协调联邦人工智能活动。该法律还指示成立国家人工智能咨询委员会，为总统和该倡议提供建议。" }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "AI in Government Act of 2020", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/3502/text", "description": "Enacted as part of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, this law directed the General Services Administration to establish an AI Center of Excellence to assist agencies in acquiring and using AI technologies. It also required the Office of Management and Budget to issue guidance on the use of AI in federal government and directed agencies to submit annual reports on AI use. The law aimed to improve the federal government's adoption of AI while ensuring ethical and responsible use.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年人工智能政府法案", "description_zh": "作为《2021 财年 William M. (Mac) Thornberry 国防授权法案》的一部分，该法律指示总务管理局建立人工智能卓越中心，以协助各机构获取和使用人工智能技术。它还要求管理和预算办公室发布有关联邦政府使用人工智能的指南，并指示各机构提交有关人工智能使用的年度报告。该法律旨在改善联邦政府对人工智能的采用，同时确保道德和负责任的使用。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title VII, Section 808 (\"Acquisition authority of the Director of the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to transfer all the responsibilities of the Commander of the US Strategic Command that are germane to electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO) including advocacy for joint electronic warfare capabilities; providing contingency electronic warfare support to other combatant commands; and supporting combatant command joint training and planning related to electromagnetic spectrum operations; requires an evaluation of the need for automated and machine learning- or artificial intelligence-assisted electronic warfare capabilities. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第七章，第 808 节（“联合人工智能中心主任的获取权限”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长将与电磁频谱作战（EMSO）密切相关的美国战略司令部司令的所有职责移交给国防部长，包括倡导联合电子战能力；向其他作战司令部提供应急电子战支持；支持与电磁频谱作战相关的作战指挥联合训练和规划；需要评估自动化和机器学习或人工智能辅助电子战能力的需求。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Subtitle C (\"Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technology\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Addresses the research and development of artificial intelligence technologies in the Department of Defense. Establishes a board of advisors for the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center to provide strategic advice and technical expertise on matters relating to the development and use of artificial intelligence. Supports the implementation of ethical and responsible artificial intelligence systems and standards for artificial intelligence.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，副标题 C（“人工智能和新兴技术”）", "description_zh": "致力于国防部人工智能技术的研究和开发。为联合人工智能中心设立顾问委员会，就人工智能开发和使用相关事宜提供战略建议和技术专业知识。支持实施有道德和负责任的人工智能系统和人工智能标准。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XVII, Section 1751 (\"Guidance and direction on use of direct hiring processes for artificial intelligence professionals and other data science and software development personnel\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to review existing guidance and create new guidance on the direct hiring processes for AI professionals and to submit a report on the guidance issued; lists the minimum requirements for the guidance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XVII 条，第 1751 节（“人工智能专业人员和其他数据科学和软件开发人员使用直接招聘流程的指南和指导”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长审查现有指南并制定有关人工智能专业人员直接招聘流程的新指南，并提交有关已发布指南的报告；列出了指南的最低要求。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title I, Section 152 (\"Transfer of responsibilities and functions relating to electromagnetic spectrum operations\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to transfer all the responsibilities of the Commander of the US Strategic Command that are germane to electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO) including advocacy for joint electronic warfare capabilities; providing contingency electronic warfare support to other combatant commands; and supporting combatant command joint training and planning related to electromagnetic spectrum operations; requires an evaluation of the need for automated and machine learning- or artificial intelligence-assisted electronic warfare capabilities. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第一章，第 152 条（“与电磁频谱运营相关的责任和职能的转移”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长将与电磁频谱作战（EMSO）密切相关的美国战略司令部司令的所有职责移交给国防部长，包括倡导联合电子战能力；向其他作战司令部提供应急电子战支持；支持与电磁频谱作战相关的作战指挥联合训练和规划；需要评估自动化和机器学习或人工智能辅助电子战能力的需求。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 241 (\"Measuring and incentivizing programming proficiency\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "\nInstructs the Secretary of Defense to measure, track and reward programming, coding and artificial intelligence proficiency amongst armed forces and civilian employees of the Department of Defense.\n\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 241 节（“衡量和激励编程能力”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长衡量、跟踪和奖励武装部队和国防部文职雇员的编程、编码和人工智能熟练程度。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 247 (\"Pilot program on the use of electronic portfolios to evaluate certain applicants for technical positions\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to carry out a pilot program where certain applicants for technical positions within the Department of Defense will be evaluated based partly on each applicant’s electronic portfolio.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 247 条（“使用电子档案袋评估某些技术职位申请人的试点计划”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长实施一项试点计划，在该计划中，国防部内某些技术职位申请人将部分根据每个申请人的电子档案进行评估。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 249 (\"Part-time and term employment of university faculty and students in the Defense science and technology enterprise\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to establish a program to offer Defense science and technology research employment opportunities for faculty and students of higher education institutions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法，A 部分，第二章，第 249 条（“大学教职员工和学生在国防科技企业的兼职和短期就业”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长制定一项计划，为高等教育机构的教师和学生提供国防科学技术研究就业机会。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 248 (\"Pilot program on self-directed training in advanced technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to offer online courses related to advanced technologies for civilian employees of the Department of Defense and members of the Armed Forces.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 248 条（“先进技术自主培训试点计划”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长为国防部文职雇员和武装部队成员提供与先进技术相关的在线课程。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 513 (\"Grants to support STEM education in the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary along with the Secretary of Education to create and support grants to fund STEM education programs to students in the Junior Reserve Corps.\nOutlines specific disciplines and STEM subjects which the grants will apply to. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 513 节（“资助初级预备役军官训练团的 STEM 教育”）", "description_zh": "指示部长与教育部长一起设立和支持拨款，为初级预备役部队学生的 STEM 教育项目提供资金。\n概述了补助金适用的具体学科和 STEM 科目。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XCII, Section 9203 (\"Spectrum information technology modernization efforts\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "A directive for covered agencies, including the Department of Defense, to employ updated algorithms, data, and AI tools in modernizing their infrastructure for managing Federal spectrum. This involves enhancing efficiency, validation, accuracy, modeling, and monitoring, with a specific emphasis on automated adjustments, collaborative spectrum sharing, and interoperability, while also mandating comprehensive plans, reviews, and oversight to ensure effective implementation and integration of these AI-driven advancements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XCII 章，第 9203 节（“频谱信息技术现代化工作”）", "description_zh": "一项指令，要求涵盖的机构（包括国防部）采用更新的算法、数据和人工智能工具来实现联邦频谱管理基础设施的现代化。这涉及提高效率、验证、准确性、建模和监控，特别强调自动调整、协作频谱共享和互操作性，同时还要求进行全面的计划、审查和监督，以确保有效实施和集成这些人工智能驱动的进步。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XI, Section 1102 (\"Enhancement of public-private talent exchange programs in the Department of Defense\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Requires the Secretary of Defense to use their authority towards implementing personnel exchanges with private sector entities focusing on the Department of Defence modernization priorities including areas like Research and Engineering, Information System, and each Armed Force under the jurisdiction of a military department", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第十一章，第 1102 节（“加强国防部公私人才交流计划”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部长利用其权力与私营部门实体进行人员交流，重点关注国防部现代化优先事项，包括研究和工程、信息系统以及军事部门管辖下的各武装部队等领域" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XV, Section 6505 (\"GAO studies on trafficking\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Comptroller General of the United States to conduct a study on trafficking routes employed by transnational criminals. This emcompasses examining methods for laundering proceeds from trafficking, with a focus on the role of emerging technologies, including Artificial Intelligence, in facilitating the laundering of proceedings from trafficking.\n", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XV 章，第 6505 节（“GAO 关于贩运问题的研究”）", "description_zh": "指示美国总审计长对跨国犯罪分子采用的贩运路线进行研究。这包括审查贩运所得洗钱方法，重点关注包括人工智能在内的新兴技术在促进贩运活动洗钱过程中的作用。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XC, Section 9004 (\"Department of Homeland Security reports on digital content forgery technology\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security to submit annually, for a period of 5 years, a report to Congress on the state of digital content forgery technology. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部，XC 条，第 9004 节（“国土安全部关于数字内容伪造技术的报告”）", "description_zh": "指示国土安全部部长每年向国会提交一份关于数字内容伪造技术状况的报告，为期 5 年。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XCIV, Section 9414 (\"Study on Chinese policies and influence in the development of international standards for emerging technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology to work with an entity with relevant expertise to conduct a study on PRC policies and influence in the development of emerging technology international standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XCIV 章，第 9414 节（“关于中国在制定新兴技术国际标准方面的政策和影响力的研究”）", "description_zh": "指示国家标准技术研究院院长与具有相关专业知识的实体合作，对中国政策及其对新兴技术国际标准制定的影响进行研究。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title V, Section 589F (\"Study on cyberexploitation and online deception of members of the Armed Forces and their families\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Defense to complete a study on the cyberexploitation and deceptive online targeting of members of the Armed Forces and their families.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第五章，第 589F 节（“对武装部队成员及其家人的网络利用和在线欺骗的研究”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部长完成一项关于针对武装部队成员及其家人的网络利用和欺骗性在线目标的研究。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 218 (\"Executive agent for autonomy\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of the Navy to designate an existing program executive officer as the executive agent responsible for the acquisition of autonomous technology.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 218 节（“自治执行代理人”）", "description_zh": "指示海军部长指定一名现有的项目执行官员作为负责采购自主技术的执行代理人。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XVI, Section 1601 (\"Space Development Agency development requirements and transfer to Space Force\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Director of the Space Development Agency of the Department of Defense to lead the integration of next-generation space capabilities, including novel sensors and autonomous battle management features.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XVI 条，第 1601 节（“太空发展局发展要求和向太空军的转移”）", "description_zh": "指示国防部太空发展局局长领导下一代太空能力的整合，包括新型传感器和自主战斗管理功能。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title II, Section 227 (\"Limitation on contract awards for certain unmanned vessels\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Mandates that the Secretary of the Navy must report to the congressional defense committees before the purchase or use of unmanned vessels and vehicles.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第二章，第 227 条（“对某些无人船合同授予的限制”）", "description_zh": "规定海军部长在购买或使用无人船只和车辆之前必须向国会国防委员会报告。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title LXII, Section 6211 (\"Financial crimes tech symposium\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to periodically convene a global anti-money laundering and financial crime symposium focused on how new technology can be used to more effectively combat financial crimes; requires the Treasury Department to brief appropriate congressional committees on the use of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies in combating financial crimes. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 LXII 章，第 6211 节（“金融犯罪技术研讨会”）", "description_zh": "要求财政部长定期召开全球反洗钱和金融犯罪研讨会，重点讨论如何利用新技术更有效地打击金融犯罪；要求财政部向适当的国会委员会通报人工智能和其他新兴技术打击金融犯罪的情况。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title LVXXXIV, Section 8411 (\"Unmanned maritime systems and satellite vessel tracking technologies\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Mandates that the Commandant biennially assess unmanned maritime systems and satellite vessel tracking technologies for potential use by the Coast Guard and report to Congress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，标题 LVXXXIV，第 8411 节（“无人海事系统和卫星船舶跟踪技术”）", "description_zh": "要求司令每两年评估海岸警卫队可能使用的无人海上系统和卫星船只跟踪技术，并向国会报告。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title VIII, Section 801 (\"Report on acquisition risk assessment and mitigation as part of Adaptive Acquisition Framework implementation\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Requires each Department of Defense service acquisition executive to submit to Department leadership a report on how they are addressing a series of risks in acquisition programs, including potential complications posed by Department system changes created by artificial intelligence. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第八章，第 801 节（“关于采办风险评估和缓解的报告，作为自适应采办框架实施的一部分”）", "description_zh": "要求国防部各军种采购主管向国防部领导层提交一份报告，说明他们如何解决采购计划中的一系列风险，包括人工智能造成的国防部系统变化带来的潜在复杂性。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XCIV, Section 9407 (\"National cybersecurity challenges\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Commerce to achieve breakthroughs in cybersecurity by 2028 in building more resilient cyber systems, increasing digital literacy, and advancing efforts in emerging technologies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XCIV 章，第 9407 节（“国家网络安全挑战”）", "description_zh": "指示商务部长到 2028 年在网络安全方面取得突破，建立更具弹性的网络系统，提高数字素养，并推进新兴技术的发展。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XXXV, Section 3521 (\"Maritime security and domain awareness\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of the Navy, in coordination with the Secretaries of specified departments, to assess solutions relating to illegal maritime activities, building on the ongoing Coast Guard assessment related to autonomous vehicles. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XXXV 篇，第 3521 节（“海事安全和领域意识”）", "description_zh": "指示海军部长与特定部门的部长协调，在海岸警卫队正在进行的与自动驾驶车辆相关的评估的基础上，评估与非法海上活动相关的解决方案。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title I, Section 164 (\"Acceleration of development and fielding of counter unmanned aircraft systems across the joint force\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Instructs the Executive Agent of the C–sUAS Office to develop a plan that speeds up the development of a counter unmanned aircraft system, to be deployed by 2021.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第一章，第 164 条（“加速联合部队反无人机系统的开发和部署”）", "description_zh": "指示 C-sUAS 办公室的执行机构制定一项计划，加快反无人机系统的开发，并于 2021 年部署。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division E (\"National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Requires the President to establish a National Artificial Intelligence Initiative to support AI-related research, education, workforce development, planning, and international cooperation; creates new AI-related research and funding programs within several federal agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案 E 部分（“国家人工智能倡议法案”）", "description_zh": "要求总统建立国家人工智能计划，以支持人工智能相关的研究、教育、劳动力发展、规划和国际合作；在多个联邦机构内创建新的人工智能相关研究和资助计划。" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/6395/text", "description": "", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案" }, { "date": "01 January 2021", "title": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, Division A, Title XCIV, Section 9412 (\"Industries of the future\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/116/plaws/publ283/PLAW-116publ283.pdf", "description": "Focuses on investing and developing new industries of the future which are regarded as Artificial Intelligence and quantum information science. Creates a new council to enforce these new laws. Assigns responsibilities to the President and terminates the act 6 years after implementation. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Security", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Transportation", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "William M. (Mac) Thornberry 2021 财年国防授权法案，A 部分，第 XCIV 章，第 9412 节（“未来的工业”）", "description_zh": "专注于投资和开发人工智能和量子信息科学等未来新产业。 创建一个新的委员会来执行这些新法律。将责任分配给总统并在实施 6 年后终止该法案。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Energy Act of 2020, Title VI, Section 6006 (\"Development of National Smart Manufacturing Plan\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Instructs the Secretary of Energy to develop a national plan for the development and deployment of \"smart manufacturing\" technologies, including relevant AI technologies, and outlines the requirements of the plan. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年能源法，第六章，第 6006 节（“国家智能制造计划的发展”）", "description_zh": "指示能源部长制定发展和部署“智能制造”技术（包括相关人工智能技术）的国家计划，并概述该计划的要求。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "American Competitiveness Of a More Productive Emerging Tech Economy Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Commerce and the Federal Trade Commission to complete studies on the AI industry and supply chain, assess risks of exploitation and online harms, and provide recommendations on AI adoption.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国提高生产力的新兴科技经济竞争力法案", "description_zh": "指示商务部长和联邦贸易委员会完成对人工智能行业和供应链的研究，评估利用和网络危害的风险，并就人工智能的采用提供建议。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Energy Act of 2020, Title IX, Section 9008 (\"Veterans' health initiative\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Energy to advance artificial intelligence and high-performance computing research in order to improve health outcomes for veterans.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年能源法第九条第 9008 节（“退伍军人健康倡议”）", "description_zh": "指示能源部长推进人工智能和高性能计算研究，以改善退伍军人的健康状况。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Energy Act of 2020, Title III, Section 3002(g) (\"Advanced Geothermal Computing and Data Science Research and Development\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Amends the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, instructing the Secretary of Energy to carry out a program of research and development of advanced computing and data science tools for geothermal energy. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年能源法，第三章，第 3002(g) 节（“高级地热计算和数据科学研究与开发”）", "description_zh": "修订 2007 年《能源独立与安全法案》，指示能源部长开展地热能先进计算和数据科学工具的研发计划。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Division W, Title V, Section 604 (\"Assessment of critical technology trends relating to artificial intelligence, microchips, and semiconductors and related supply chains\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Directs the Director of National Intelligence to compile a report on critical technology trends related to artificial intelligence, microchips, semiconductors, and related supply chains.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021 年综合拨款法，W 部，第五章，第 604 节（“评估与人工智能、微芯片、半导体及相关供应链相关的关键技术趋势”）", "description_zh": "指示国家情报总监编写一份有关人工智能、微芯片、半导体和相关供应链的关键技术趋势的报告。" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Division W, Title V, Section 502 (\"Seedling investment in next-generation microelectronics in support of artificial intelligence\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Instructs the Director of National Intelligence to award contracts or grants to encourage microelectronic research; details the purpose of such research ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021 年综合拨款法，W 部，第五章，第 502 节（“支持人工智能的下一代微电子领域的幼苗投资”）", "description_zh": "指示国家情报总监授予合同或赠款以鼓励微电子研究；详细说明此类研究的目的" }, { "date": "27 December 2020", "title": "Energy Act of 2020, Title VIII, Section 8002 (\"Smart grid modeling, visualization, architecture, and controls\")", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/133/text", "description": "Directs the Secretary of Energy to establish a R&D program focused on electric grid architecture, modeling, visualization, and compatibility with new and emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Harms: Financial loss", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Risk factors: Safety", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Risk factors: Reliability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2020 年能源法案，第八章，第 8002 节（“智能电网建模、可视化、架构和控制”）", "description_zh": "指示能源部长建立一个研发计划，重点关注电网架构、建模、可视化以及与新兴技术的兼容性。" }, { "date": "23 December 2020", "title": "Identifying Outputs of Generative Adversarial Networks Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2904/text", "description": "Directs the Director of the National Science Foundation to support research on outputs generated by generative adversarial networks, such as deepfakes, and other comparable techniques.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "识别生成对抗网络法案的输出", "description_zh": "指示国家科学基金会主任支持对生成对抗网络生成的输出的研究，例如深度伪造和其他类似技术。" }, { "date": "9 December 2020", "title": "Executive Order 13960: Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/12/08/2020-27065/promoting-the-use-of-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-in-the-federal-government", "description": "Issued by President Trump during his first term, this executive order established principles for the use of AI by federal agencies, requiring agencies to adhere to nine principles including lawfulness, transparency, accuracy, and protection of civil liberties. It directed agencies to inventory their AI use cases and designated the CIO Council as responsible for AI governance coordination across the executive branch. The order was notable for being one of the first formal federal AI governance frameworks applied specifically to government operations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政命令 13960：促进在联邦政府中使用值得信赖的人工智能", "description_zh": "该行政命令由特朗普总统在其第一任期内发布，确立了联邦机构使用人工智能的原则，要求各机构遵守合法性、透明度、准确性和保护公民自由等九项原则。它指示各机构盘点其人工智能用例，并指定首席信息官委员会负责整个行政部门的人工智能治理协调。该命令之所以引人注目，是因为它是第一个专门应用于政府运营的正式联邦人工智能治理框架之一。" }, { "date": "03 December 2020", "title": "Information Technology Modernization Centers of Excellence Program Act", "url": "https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/5901/text?s=1&r=17&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22artificial+intelligence%5C%22+OR+%5C%22machine+learning%5C%22+OR+%5C%22algorithm%5C%22%22%5D%7D", "description": "Establishes a program to facilitate the adoption of modern technology in Artificial Intelligence, cloud computing and cybersecurity by executive agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息技术现代化卓越中心计划法", "description_zh": "制定一项计划，促进执行机构采用人工智能、云计算和网络安全领域的现代技术。" }, { "date": "21 February 2020", "title": "21 CFR § 892.2070 (\"Medical image analyzer\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/22/2020-00494/radiology-devices-reclassification-of-medical-image-analyzers", "description": "Requires performance testing and disclosure of image analysis algorithms used in medical image analyzers that help detect abnormalities during a patient radiograph.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 892.2070（“医学图像分析仪”）", "description_zh": "需要对医学图像分析仪中使用的图像分析算法进行性能测试和披露，以帮助检测患者射线照相过程中的异常情况。" }, { "date": "22 January 2020", "title": "21 CFR § 892.2060 (\"Radiological computer-assisted diagnostic software for lesions suspicious of cancer\")", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/22/2020-00497/medical-devices-radiology-devices-classification-of-the-radiological-computer-assisted-diagnostic", "description": "Requires manufacturers of radiological computer-assisted diagnostic software to disclose image analysis algorithm details, performance testing protocols and results, and software limitations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "21 CFR § 892.2060（“针对可疑癌症病变的放射计算机辅助诊断软件”）", "description_zh": "要求放射计算机辅助诊断软件制造商披露图像分析算法细节、性能测试协议和结果以及软件限制。" }, { "date": "9 May 2019", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan: 2019 Update", "url": "https://www.nitrd.gov/pubs/National-AI-RD-Strategy-2019.pdf", "description": "This strategic plan, developed by the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) program, updated the 2016 National AI R&D Strategic Plan and identified federal priority areas for AI research investment. It outlined eight strategic priorities including long-term AI research investment, human-AI collaboration, ethics and fairness, safety and security, shared public datasets, standards, and national AI research infrastructure. The 2019 update added an eighth strategy on expanding public-private partnerships to accelerate AI development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能研究发展战略规划：2019年更新", "description_zh": "该战略计划由网络和信息技术研究与开发 (NITRD) 计划制定，更新了 2016 年国家人工智能研发战略计划，并确定了人工智能研究投资的联邦优先领域。它概述了八项战略重点，包括长期人工智能研究投资、人类与人工智能合作、道德和公平、安全和安保、共享公共数据集、标准和国家人工智能研究基础设施。 2019 年的更新增加了关于扩大公私合作伙伴关系以加速人工智能发展的第八项战略。" }, { "date": "11 February 2019", "title": "Executive Order 13859: Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/14/2019-02544/maintaining-american-leadership-in-artificial-intelligence", "description": "President Trump's first AI executive order launched the American AI Initiative, directing federal agencies to prioritize AI research and development investments and instructing agencies to make federal data and computing resources available to the AI research community. It called on the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop standards to support AI technology development, and directed agencies to train and recruit federal workers with AI expertise. The order established the United States' first whole-of-government AI strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Labor & Workforce", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "13859 号行政命令：保持美国在人工智能领域的领导地位", "description_zh": "特朗普总统的第一个人工智能行政命令启动了美国人工智能计划，指示联邦机构优先考虑人工智能研发投资，并指示各机构向人工智能研究界提供联邦数据和计算资源。它呼吁美国国家标准与技术研究所制定标准以支持人工智能技术的发展，并指示各机构培训和招聘具有人工智能专业知识的联邦工作人员。该命令制定了美国第一个政府整体人工智能战略。" }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "title": "United States v. Farris", "url": "/documents/1903/USA_v._Farris_USA_3_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | AI-generated quoted commentary attributed to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1 cmt. n.1 did not appear in the cited commentary; the court could not locate similar language in any authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed a quotation to United States v. Washington ('simply facilitating the offense without exercising decision-making authority is insufficient') that does not appear in that opinion; the court noted Washington in fact upheld the enhancement. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed a quotation to United States v. Anthony ('[t]here was no evidence [the defendant] directed or supervised anyone else') that does not appear in the opinion; the court explained Anthony's vacatur was narrow and the defendant had conceded supervisory role.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉法里斯", "description_zh": "捏造：教义工作| AI 生成的引用评论归因于 U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1 cmt。 n.1 没有出现在引用的评论中；法院未能在任何权威机构中找到类似的措辞。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief引用了《美国诉华盛顿》一案中的一段引文（“仅仅为犯罪行为提供便利而不行使决策权是不够的”），但这一引文并未出现在该意见中；法院指出，华盛顿实际上支持了这一强化。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief 引用了《美国诉安东尼案》（United States v. Anthony）中的一段引文（“没有证据表明[被告]指挥或监督了其他任何人”），而该引文并未出现在意见中；法院解释说，安东尼的职位空缺很窄，被告已放弃了监督职责。", "court": "CA 6th Cir.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw CoCounsel", "outcome": "Counsel disqualified with no compensation for time served; Briefs locked; Bar Referral; Notice of Opinion", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Zavadovsky v. Republic of Austria, et al.", "url": "/documents/1921/Zavadovsky_v._Austria_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Thomas v. Patton with a quotation the court found to be fabricated or falsely attributed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Young v. District of Columbia, 752 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2010), which the court determined does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed a fake quotation to Miller v. Fortune Ins. Co.; the court flagged the quotation as false. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs misrepresented the holding of Foremost-McKesson, Inc. v. Islamic Republic of Iran; the court noted the mischaracterization. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs misrepresented the holding of Wheat v. United States; the court observed the misrepresentation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed a fabricated quotation to United States v. Microsoft Corp.; the court found the quotation to be fake. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a fabricated quotation attributed to Apotex, Inc. v. FDA; the court identified the quotation as fake. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Beaucage v. Beaucage, 583 So.2d 846 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991), a case the court found to be nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zavadovsky 诉奥地利共和国等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了《托马斯诉巴顿案》中的一段引文，法院认为该引文是捏造的或错误的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Young 诉哥伦比亚特区案，752 F. Supp。 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2010)，法院认定该文件不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将米勒诉财富 Ins 案归咎于虚假报价。公司；法院将这段引述标记为虚假。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告歪曲了 Foremost-McKesson, Inc. 诉伊朗伊斯兰共和国的主张；法院注意到了这种错误描述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告歪曲了小麦诉美国案的判决；法院注意到了这种虚假陈述。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 United States v. Microsoft Corp. 的报价归咎于捏造的报价；法院认为该报价是假的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Apotex, Inc. 诉 FDA 的捏造报价；法院认定该报价是假的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Beaucage v. Beacage, 583 So.2d 846 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)，法院认为该案件不存在。", "court": "D. D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Hampton v. Lofton", "url": "/documents/1912/Hampton_v._Lofton_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Father's opening brief asserted trial-court findings (e.g., Child showed 'persistent hostility toward Father', 'difficulty adjusting to custodial transitions', Father's evidence was 'self-serving', Mother was 'evasive and inconsistent') that do not appear in the superior court's order; the appellate court described these as hallucinated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Both Father's opening and reply briefs contained legal citations that the appellate court found either did not support his positions or 'appear to be fictitious', contrary to ARCAP 13 requirements.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "汉普顿诉洛夫顿案", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|父亲的开庭陈述声称审判法庭的调查结果（例如，孩子表现出“对父亲持续的敌意”、“难以适应监护权的过渡”、父亲的证据“自私”、母亲“闪烁其辞且前后矛盾”），但这些结论并未出现在高等法院的命令中；上诉法院称这些都是幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法| Father 的开场陈述和答复摘要均包含法律引文，上诉法院认为这些引文要么不支持他的立场，要么“似乎是虚构的”，这违反了 ARCAP 13 的要求。", "court": "CA Arizona (1d)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Nguedi v. General Dynamics Information Technology", "url": "/documents/1909/Nguedi_v._AO_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a nonexistent quotation to Brady v. Office of Sergeant at Arms; court found the quote does not appear in the decision and the case does not involve the stated proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a nonexistent quotation and legal proposition to Figueroa v. Pompeo; court determined the quoted language and asserted topic do not appear in that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cited Doe v. United States Postal Service as containing a holding about the Workers’ Compensation Act’s exclusivity provision; court found the case contains no such quote and does not address that statute. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Mischaracterized Richardson v. United States as supporting a broad rule about granting leave to amend at late stages; court noted the cited opinion did not address that proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misstated the holding of Doe v. McMillan, citing it for a proposition the court says is the opposite of the actual holding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nguedi 诉通用动力信息技术公司", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|将不存在的引用归因于布雷迪诉武装士官办公室；法院认为该引述并未出现在判决中，并且本案不涉及所述主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|将不存在的引文和法律命题归因于菲格罗亚诉蓬佩奥案；法院确定所引用的语言和所主张的主题未出现在该判决中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用 Doe 诉 United States Postal Service 案，其中包含有关《工人赔偿法》排他性条款的主张；法院发现该案不包含此类引用，也没有涉及该法规。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|将理查森诉美国案错误地描述为支持关于允许在后期进行修改的广泛规则；法院指出，所引用的意见并未涉及该主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|错误陈述了“能源部诉麦克米伦案”的判决，引用该判决作为法院称与实际判决相反的命题。", "court": "D. D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Danuta Dec v. Homeland Security", "url": "/documents/1870/Danuta_Dec_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Opening brief included a false quotation (an imaginary quote) attributed in support of the standard of review; court found the quotation was inaccurate and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited a non-existent case (first instance); court identified it as a fabricated citation likely from AI and counsel could not explain its source. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited a second non-existent case; court treated this as another fabricated citation and noted counsel's inability to account for it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Danuta Dec 诉国土安全部案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|开场简报包含一个虚假引文（虚构的引文），旨在支持审查标准；法院认为该报价不准确，很可能是人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|开场简述引用了一个不存在的案例（一审）；法院认定其为可能来自人工智能的捏造引文，律师无法解释其来源。 ||捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了第二个不存在的案例；法院将此视为另一起捏造的传票，并指出律师无法对此作出解释。", "court": "7th Cir. CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "title": "McCarthy v. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration", "url": "/documents/1858/McCarthy_v._DEA_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One cited DEA adjudication in the Opening Brief was entirely fabricated (did not exist); discovered when the Court ordered copies of the cited authorities. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Seven DEA-adjudication summaries were riddled with factual and legal inaccuracies and misrepresented the adjudications (e.g., portrayed lesser sanctions than actually imposed); the summaries were AI-generated and not verified by counsel.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦卡锡诉美国缉毒局", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|开场简报中引用的 DEA 裁决完全是捏造的（并不存在）；当法院下令提供所引用的权威机构的副本时发现的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|七份 DEA 裁决摘要中充满了事实和法律上的不准确之处，并且歪曲了裁决（例如，描述的制裁比实际施加的制裁要少）；这些摘要是人工智能生成的，未经律师验证。", "court": "CA Third Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Reprimand; Notification to other courts and the National Disciplinary Data Bank", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Mission Critical Project Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1856/Mission_Critical_Project_Serv._B-424081.2_March_26_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester submitted citations to non-existent decisions; GAO found the citations did not correspond to real authorities and noted hallmarks of AI-generated content. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Protester provided cases with different citation information than those cited in its response, and cited authorities that did not stand for the propositions asserted; GAO treated these as misrepresentations likely from unverified AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关键任务项目服务公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了不存在的决定；美国政府问责局发现这些引文与真实权威不符，并指出了人工智能生成内容的特征。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|抗议者提供的案例引用信息与其回复中引用的信息不同，并引用了不支持所主张主张的权威机构； GAO 将这些视为可能来自未经验证的人工智能使用的虚假陈述。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Elilton Alves Gouveia v. Meridian Financial Investments", "url": "/documents/1822/Elilton_v._Meridian_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent and therefore fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Real case cited by appellant, but it addresses the indivisible injury rule—unrelated to the contract dispute at issue. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited this authority but the citation points to an unrelated Mississippi case about punitive damages; court noted it was far removed from the contract issues here. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited authority exists but pertains to procedural/summary-judgment fact issues, not the contract enforcement matters raised here. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited case exists but discusses writ of certiorari and site plans/plat applications, unrelated to the settlement-enforcement issues.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Elilton Alves Gouveia 诉 Meridian Financial Investments 案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在，因此是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用的真实案例，但它涉及不可分割的伤害规则——与争议的合同纠纷无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告引用了这一权威，但引用指向一个与密西西比州无关的惩罚性赔偿案件；法院指出，这与这里的合同问题相去甚远。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用的权威存在，但涉及程序/摘要判断事实问题，而不是此处提出的合同执行问题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用的案例存在，但讨论了调卷令状和场地规划/平台申请，与和解执行问题无关。", "court": "CA Florida (4th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning (and a limerick)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "title": "Kevin Lee Biglow v. Dell Technologies Inc.", "url": "/documents/1831/Biglow_v._Dell_USA_24_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Burton v. Ghosh, 961 F.3d 1084, 1092 (7th Cir. 2020)'; the court determined the citation does not correspond to that case and is a fabrication. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Iseminger v. Dist. Ct., 915 F.2d 1314 (10th Cir. 1990)' and 'Affolder v. Johnson, 53 F.3d 1178 (10th Cir. 1995)'; court found these reporter citations lead to different, unrelated opinions and treated them as fabrications. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Bentley v. United States, 41 F.3d 593, 604 (10th Cir. 1994)' and 'Clean Boat v. United States, 833 F.3d 1224 (10th Cir. 2016)'; court found the pin cites lead to different actual cases and treated them as fabricated or mis-cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Several fabricated citations in Biglow's motions (e.g., Paula Denogean, Young v. Nationstar, Singleton v. Wulff, In re Delta/Airtran, Saxena v. Allen, Jones v. State of Colorado) were identified by the court as non-existent or incorrect. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a quote about opposing counsel preying on pro se ignorance to Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840; the court found no such language in Garrett. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Ricks v. Lindsay, 480 F.2d 538 (10th Cir. 1973)' for waiver; court found the citation actually leads to Hanley v. Four Corners Vacation Properties, Inc., 480 F.2d 536 and does not support Biglow's proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "凯文·李·比格洛诉戴尔科技公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用“Burton v. Ghosh, 961 F.3d 1084, 1092 (7th Cir. 2020)”；法院认定该传票与该案件不符，纯属捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|引用“Iseminger v. Dist.” Ct., 915 F.2d 1314 (10th Cir. 1990)”和“Affolder v. Johnson, 53 F.3d 1178 (10th Cir. 1995)”；法院认为这些记者的引用导致了不同的、不相关的观点，并将其视为捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|引用“Bentley v. United States, 41 F.3d 593, 604 (10th Cir. 1994)”和“Clean Boat v. United States, 833 F.3d 1224 (10th Cir. 2016)”；法院发现这些 pin 引用导致了不同的实际案例，并将其视为捏造或错误引用。 ||捏造：判例法|比格洛动议中的几处伪造引文（例如，Paula Denogean、Young 诉 Nationstar、Singleton 诉 Wulff、In re Delta/Airtran、Saxena 诉 Allen、Jones 诉科罗拉多州）被法院认定为不存在或不正确。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用了 Garrett v. Selby Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 中有关对方律师利用自身无知的言论；法院在加勒特身上没有发现这样的语言。 ||捏造：判例法|引用“Ricks v. Lindsay, 480 F.2d 538 (10th Cir. 1973)”以获得弃权；法院认为该传票实际上导致了 Hanley v. Four Corners Vacation Properties, Inc., 480 F.2d 536，并且不支持 Biglow 的主张。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Couvrette v. Wisnovsky", "url": "/documents/1170/Couvrette_v._Wisnoksy_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case in their briefs (one of fifteen such fabricated citations identified across ECF Nos. 142, 155, and 168); the Court stated the cited cases do not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs misrepresented a quotation from a real case in their briefs (one of seven such misquotes identified across ECF Nos. 142, 155, and 168); the Court flagged the quotations as misrepresented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "库弗雷特诉维斯诺夫斯基", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在其案情摘要中引用了一个不存在的案例（ECF 第 142、155 和 168 号中发现了 15 个此类捏造的引文之一）；法院表示所引用的案件并不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告在其案情摘要中歪曲了真实案例的引述（ECF 第 142、155 和 168 号中发现的七个此类错误引用之一）；法院将这些引文标记为歪曲事实。", "court": "Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Briefs struck; Monetary sanction (15.5k); Adverse costs order (94.7k); claims dismissed with prejudice", "monetary_penalty": "109700 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Hessert v. Hessert & Wieland-Pulayya", "url": "/documents/1769/Hessert_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined five of the cases cited in the petition do not exist and appear to be fabricated; petitioner ordered to provide copies of all cited cases that exist and to show cause. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court determined four of the cited cases exist but were cited for legal propositions those cases do not actually represent (misrepresented precedent); court warned about reliance on AI and required cite-checking.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hessert 诉 Hessert & Wieland-Pulayya", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院确定请愿书中引用的五个案例不存在并且似乎是捏造的；命令请愿人提供所有引用的现有案件的副本并说明理由。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院确定四个引用的案例存在，但被引用是为了这些案例实际上并不代表的法律命题（歪曲先例）；法院警告人们不要依赖人工智能，并要求进行引用检查。", "court": "CA Florida (6th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "State v. Coleman", "url": "/documents/1774/2026-Ohio-965.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Application to reopen attributed an inflammatory prosecutor quotation cited to the trial transcript p.559; court found p.559 was the court reporter's signature page and no such quotation existed — the quote was generated by ChatGPT and incorporated into the filing without verification. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Application cited additional quotations on pages 2 and 4 of appellant's brief (including an alleged 'duty to retreat' reference) that could not be located in the record; court determined these were wholesale inventions produced by ChatGPT and that they impugned the prosecutor, judge, and prior counsel.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "州诉科尔曼", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|重新开庭的申请归因于审判笔录第 559 页中引用的煽动性检察官引述；法院发现第 559 页是法庭记者的签名页，并且不存在这样的引述——该引述是由 ChatGPT 生成的，并未经验证就合并到了文件中。 ||制作：展览和提交|申请书引用了上诉人案情摘要第 2 页和第 4 页上的其他引文（包括所谓的“撤退义务”参考资料），但这些引文无法在记录中找到；法院认定这些是 ChatGPT 制作的大量发明，并且它们对检察官、法官和前律师提出了质疑。", "court": "Ohio CA (11th)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral; Counsel disqualified in this case; Order to notify the judgment in other cases; CLE; Letter of apology", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Prososki v. Regan", "url": "/documents/1699/N00013081PUB.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief repeatedly cited 'Kennedy v. Kennedy, 27 Neb. App. 510, 934 N.W.2d 57 (2019)' and included block quotations and holdings not present; the cited unreported memorandum opinion does not contain the quoted language or the purported holding. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Brief purports to quote Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-2923 as stating a specific policy favoring frequent contact with both parents; the statute does not contain the quoted language and was misquoted. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cites 'Miller v. Miller, 227 Neb. 71, 416 N.W.2d 358 (1987)' and attributes quotations/holdings that the court determined are fictitious; the citation refers to a nonexistent authority as used. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief attributes quotations and holdings to Bergmeier v. Bergmeier that do not appear in that opinion and misstates the case's holdings. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributes a quoted principle about notice of issues to Simons v. Simons that does not appear in the opinion; the quoted language cannot be found in the case and the case does not support the proposition advanced.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "普罗索斯基诉里根案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Brief 反复引用“肯尼迪诉肯尼迪案”，27 Neb. App。 510, 934 N.W.2d 57 (2019)' 并包括大宗报价和不存在的持股；所引用的未报告备忘录意见不包含所引用的语言或声称的持股。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|简要引用 Neb. Rev. Stat。 § 43-2923 规定了有利于与父母双方经常联系的具体政策；该法规不包含所引用的语言，并且被错误引用。 ||捏造：判例法| Brief 引用了“Miller v. Miller, 227 Neb. 71, 416 N.W.2d 358 (1987)”，并指出法院认定的引述/主张是虚构的；该引文指的是所使用的不存在的权威。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 将 Bergmeier v. Bergmeier 案中的引述和主张归咎于未出现在该意见中的内容，并错误陈述了案件的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief 将西蒙斯诉西蒙斯案中引用的有关问题通知的原则归咎于该原则，但该原则并未出现在意见中；案件中找不到所引用的语言，案件不支持所提出的主张。", "court": "Nebraska SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appellant's brief stricken; appellant's appeal dismissed; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Anna Sheerer v. Thomas Panas", "url": "/documents/1767/Sheerer_v._Panas_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case as authority; court identified the citation as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a non-existent case as authority; court identified the citation as fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent attributed quotations to real cases that do not contain those quotations; court found the quotes fabricated and not present in the cited authorities. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Respondent referenced hearings and factual events not reflected in the record (appear to be fabricated submissions/record entries).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安娜·谢勒诉托马斯·帕纳斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|受访者引用了一个不存在的案例作为依据；法院认定该传票是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|受访者引用了一个不存在的案例作为依据；法院认定该传票是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|受访者将引用归因于不包含这些引用的真实案例；法院发现这些引述是捏造的，并且没有出现在引用的权威机构中。 ||制作：展览和提交|受访者引用了记录中未反映的听证会和事实事件（似乎是捏造的意见书/记录条目）。", "court": "CA California (d1)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Keirton Inc. v. Mersad Rahmanovic", "url": "/documents/1775/In_re_Mersad_Rahmanovic_Debtor_Keirton.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Rahmanovic quoted Gullickson v. Brown for two propositions that do not appear in that opinion; the court found the quoted language nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Keirton Inc. 诉 Mersad Rahmanovic", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|拉赫马诺维奇引用了古利克森诉布朗案的两个命题，但该意见中没有出现这两个命题；法院认为所引用的语言不存在。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "Davos Francois v. Vive Financial", "url": "/documents/1762/Francois_v._Vive_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited multiple nonexistent cases in filings; the court found the authorities do not exist and warned that fictitious case law is sanctionable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "达沃斯弗朗索瓦诉 Vive Financial", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人在备案文件中引用了多个不存在的案件；法院认定当局不存在，并警告说，虚构的判例法是可以制裁的。", "court": "CA Florida (4th)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Michael Wayne Singletary v. SWBC Mortgage Corporation et al.", "url": "/documents/1773/Singletary_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on multiple non-existent, AI-hallucinated cases to support claims; the court rejected those authorities as not real and found no support in actual case law.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Michael Wayne Singletary 诉 SWBC Mortgage Corporation 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人依靠多个不存在的、人工智能幻觉的案例来支持索赔；法院认为这些权威不真实，并没有得到实际判例法的支持，因而予以驳回。", "court": "CA Fifth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Gregory Richmond and Lynne Richmond v. City of Newport, Washington", "url": "/documents/1690/Richmond_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited State v. Johnson, 194 Wn.2d 704, 451 P.3d 1082 (2019), which the court could not locate and treated as a likely fabricated citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Richmonds cited Osborn v. Mason County for a proposition about mandatory plumbing inspections, but the case concerns a duty to warn and does not contain the stated plumbing/inspection holding; court held the citation does not support the proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Richmonds quoted language attributed to Bailey v. Town of Forks that does not appear in that opinion; court noted the quoted language is not in Bailey. || False Quotes: Case Law | Richmonds attributed a municipal-immunity-related quotation to Phillips v. King County that the court found does not appear in that case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited King County v. Vincent (167 Wn.2d 671 (2009)), which the court could not locate and treated as a likely fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants cited Carlyle v. Dep't of Soc. & Health Servs., 155 Wn. App. 895, 231 P.3d 218 (2010), which the court could not locate and treated as a likely fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gregory Richmond 和 Lynne Richmond 诉华盛顿州纽波特市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 State v. Johnson, 194 Wn.2d 704, 451 P.3d 1082 (2019)，法院无法找到该案，并将其视为可能捏造的传票。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|里士满引用了奥斯本诉梅森县关于强制管道检查的主张，但该案涉及警告义务，并且不包含规定的管道/检查控制；法院认为传票不支持该主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|里士满引用了贝利诉福克斯镇案中的语言，但该意见中没有出现该语言；法院指出，所引用的语言并非贝利语。 ||虚假引述：判例法|里士满兹将菲利普斯诉金县案中与市政豁免相关的引述归咎于法院发现该案中没有出现该引述。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引了 King County v. Vincent (167 Wn.2d 671 (2009))，但法院无法找到该案，并将其视为可能捏造的传票。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引了 Carlyle v. Dep't of Soc 案。与健康服务，155 Wn。应用程序。 895, 231 P.3d 218 (2010)，法院无法找到该文件，并将其视为可能捏造的引文。", "court": "CA Washington (d3)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Esterra Commons Venture, LLC dba Verde Esterra Park v. Justin Norton", "url": "/documents/1688/Esterra_v._Norton_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a case that does not appear to exist; court notes the citation is fictitious and not part of the record. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant proffered a non-existent case citation in supplemental authority; court notes it does not exist. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant quoted language claiming it appears in RCW 59.18.410; court found the quoted language is not in that statute. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited statutory language and a case name together that the court indicates do not appear to exist as cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Esterra Commons Venture, LLC dba Verde Esterra Park 诉 Justin Norton", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个似乎不存在的案例；法院指出，该传票是虚构的，不属于记录的一部分。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人在补充权威中提供了不存在的案件引证；法院指出它不存在。 ||捏造：法律规范|上诉人引用了声称出现在 RCW 59.18.410 中的语言；法院发现该法规中没有引用的语言。 ||捏造：法律规范|上诉人同时引用了法院指出的法定语言和案件名称似乎并不存在。", "court": "CA Washington (d1)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-13", "title": "DSME Construction Co., Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1875/dsme_construction_co._ltd._63878.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | December 1, 2025 surreply contained eight citations to cases that do not exist; Board accepted appellant's admission and struck the surreply. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief included one citation to a non-existent case (admitted by appellant). || Fabricated: Case Law | January 9, 2026 brief on the vitiation issue cited one fictitious case (admitted by appellant). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Briefs included fictitious Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) citations (government identified four fictitious FAR cites). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Government identified several citations that misrepresented the holdings of existing cases (some citations appeared to misstate holdings).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大宇造船建设有限公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| 2025 年 12 月 1 日出奇地包含八次引用不存在的案例；委员会接受了上诉人的认罪并出人意料地予以驳回。 ||捏造：判例法|开场简报中引用了一个不存在的案件（上诉人承认）。 ||捏造：判例法| 2026 年 1 月 9 日关于撤销权问题的简报引用了一个虚构的案例（上诉人承认）。 ||捏造：法律规范|简报包括虚构的联邦采购法规 (FAR) 引文（政府确定了四个虚构的 FAR 引文）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|政府发现了一些引文歪曲了现有案件的持有量（一些引文似乎错误地陈述了持有量）。", "court": "ASBCA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Kateryna Maslovska v. Ekaterina Shigabetdinova", "url": "/documents/1655/MASLOVSKA_v_EKATERINA_SHIGABETDINOVA_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Four citations in the defendant's briefs were styled as legal authorities but did not exist or could not be verified; court noted they appeared to be AI-generated and unsupported. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Two citations in the plaintiff's brief were cited for propositions they did not support; court characterized these as inaccurate/misrepresented citations likely produced by generative AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kateryna Maslovska v. Ekaterina Shigabetdinova", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告陈述中的四处引文被称为法律权威，但并不存在或无法核实；法院指出，它们似乎是人工智能生成的且不受支持。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告陈述中引用了两处他们不支持的主张；法院将这些描述为可能由生成人工智能产生的不准确/歪曲的引文。", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning (both parties)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Arno Kuigoua v. Adam Michael Sacks", "url": "/documents/1678/Kouigoua_v._Sacks_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Second apparently nonexistent or miscited case citation in appellant's opening brief identified by respondent and noted by the court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Third apparently nonexistent or miscited case citation in appellant's opening brief identified and referenced by the court in its opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's opening brief cited an apparently nonexistent or miscited case; court noted one of three such miscites.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿诺·奎古阿 v. 亚当·迈克尔·萨克斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的开庭陈述中第二个明显不存在或错误引用的案例引用由被告识别并由法院记录。 ||捏造：判例法|法院在其意见中指出并引用了上诉人开庭简报中明显不存在或错误引用的第三个案例。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的开场陈述引用了一个显然不存在或被错误引用的案例；法院指出了三起此类不当行为之一。", "court": "CA California (2nd)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "In re A.R. and N.R., Minors", "url": "/documents/1654/In_re_AR_and_NR_Minors_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited a non-existent authority 'In re K.B., 2019 IL App (3d) 180086'; the court determined the citation is erroneous and suggested it may have resulted from AI or a transcription error, treating it as a fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在 A.R.和 N.R.，未成年人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的摘要引用了不存在的权威“In re K.B., 2019 IL App (3d) 180086”；法院认定该引文是错误的，并认为这可能是人工智能或转录错误造成的，将其视为捏造的引文。", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Andre Lamont Goddard, Jr. v. City University of Seattle", "url": "/documents/1651/Lamont_v._City_U_of_Seattle_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited decision and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited case and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited case and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited case and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited case and found it likely fabricated; citation does not support plaintiff's proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小安德烈·拉蒙特·戈达德诉西雅图城市大学", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的判决，并认为该判决很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的案件，并认为该案件很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的案件，并认为该案件很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的案件，并认为该案件很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到所引用的案件，并认为该案件很可能是捏造的；引证不支持原告的主张。", "court": "D. District of Columbia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "In re Lusine Hakhverdyan", "url": "/documents/1618/In_re_Lusine_Hackverdyan_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Debtor cited 'Whittaker v. Otto, 2014 WL 37845 (9th Cir.)' which does not correspond to the authority described; the citation leads to an unrelated case (Harmer) and is inaccurate/nonexistent as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Debtor cited 'In re Chionis, 531 B.R. 52' which is incorrect; Chionis is not at that reporter citation and is an unpublished BAP decision (In re Chionis, 2013 WL 6840485 (9th Cir. BAP Dec. 27, 2013)).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卢西娜·哈赫维尔迪安 (Lusine Hakhverdyan) 案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院观察到债务人引用的“Whittaker v. Otto, 2014 WL 37845 (9th Cir.)”与所描述的权威不符；该引用导致了一个不相关的案例（Harmer），并且所引用的内容不准确/不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|法院观察到债务人引用了“In re Chionis, 531 B.R.” 52' 这是不正确的； Chionis 并未出现在该记者的引文中，而是一项未发布的 BAP 决定（In re Chionis, 2013 WL 6840485（第 9 届 Cir. BAP，2013 年 12 月 27 日））。", "court": "C.D. California (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "Straub v. Henderson", "url": "/documents/1588/Straub_v._Henderson_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "斯特劳布诉亨德森案", "court": "DCA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "Moses v. State", "url": "/documents/1625/Moses_V_State_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained at least one fictitious case citation; the court stated it would disregard any authorities it could not verify as authentic.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "摩西诉国家", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中至少包含一个虚构的案例引文；法院表示，它将无视任何无法核实其真实性的权威。", "court": "CATennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Louis J. Blazy v. Department of State", "url": "/documents/1573/Blazy_v._State.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited four non-existent decisions; appellant could not produce copies and offered vague explanations. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Four deposition excerpts presented as direct quotations did not appear on cited transcript pages; appellant later admitted the quotes were constructed and provided different testimony that did not support the original quoted wording. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant submitted an existing dismissal order and another existing decision as substitutes for non-existent authorities and characterized them as supporting principles they did not contain.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "路易斯·J·布拉齐 (Louis J. Blazy) 诉国务院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|动议引用了四项不存在的决定；上诉人无法出示副本并提供含糊的解释。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |以直接引用形式呈现的四份证词摘录并未出现在引用的文字记录页面上；上诉人后来承认这些引述是虚构的，并提供了不同的证词，这些证词不支持最初引用的措辞。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人提交了一份现有的解雇令和另一项现有的决定，作为不存在的当局的替代品，并将它们描述为它们不包含的支持原则。", "court": "CBCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Formal admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Kendle Mardis v. Dealer Loyalty Protection, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1553/Mardis_v._Dealer_Loyalty_Protection_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Johnson v. Mitchell, 2:20-cv-1882, 2020 WL 5649609 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 23, 2020)'; defendants and the Court found the case does not exist and flagged it as likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kendle Mardis 诉经销商忠诚保护公司等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用“约翰逊诉米切尔，2:20-cv-1882, 2020 WL 5649609（俄亥俄州南区，2020 年 9 月 23 日）”；被告和法院发现该案件不存在，并将其标记为可能是人工智能生成的。", "court": "D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Fletcher v. Experian Information Solutions & Bridgecrest Credit Company", "url": "/documents/1539/Fletcher_v._Experian_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief attributed to In re Deepwater Horizon a quotation the court could not find; Court concluded the quoted language was not present in the opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief attributed to Cooter & Gell a formulation about frivolousness that the court found was not supported by the cited passage. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cited Edwards v. General Motors Corp. for the proposition that sua sponte sanctions implicate de novo review; court found Edwards does not contain that proposition and the citation was a misrepresentation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief asserted Lewis v. Brown & Root reversed §1927 sanctions where record lacked vexatious intent; court noted Lewis in fact affirmed a §1927 sanction, so the brief misrepresented the case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Fletcher 诉 Experian Information Solutions 和 Bridgecrest Credit Company", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|法庭未能找到《深水地平线》一案的答复摘要；法院得出结论，意见中没有引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复摘要归因于库特和盖尔提出的关于轻浮的表述，法院认为所引用的段落不支持该表述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief引用了Edwards v. General Motors Corp.关于自发制裁涉及重新审查的主张；法院认定爱德华兹不包含该主张，并且该引文是虚假陈述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 声称 Lewis v. Brown & Root 撤销了第 1927 条的制裁，其中记录缺乏无理取闹的意图；法院指出，刘易斯事实上确认了第 1927 条制裁，因此摘要歪曲了案件。", "court": "CA Fifth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2500", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Matter of: Adapt Forward, LLC", "url": "/documents/1597/Adapt_Forward.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'SRA Int’l, Inc.' with an inaccurate B-number/date; GAO found the original citation inaccurate and the revised citation inapposite. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Boeing Sikorsky Aircraft Support' with an incorrect B-number/date; GAO could not locate the cited decision and requested corrected citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Caci, Inc.' with an inaccurate B-number/date; GAO noted the citation did not correctly identify the decision.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "事由：Adapt Forward, LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“SRA Int’l, Inc.” B 号码/日期不准确； GAO 发现原始引文不准确，修改后的引文也不恰当。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“波音西科斯基飞机支持”时的 B 号码/日期不正确； GAO 无法找到引用的决定并要求更正引用。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“Caci, Inc.” B 号码/日期不准确；美国政府问责局指出，该传票并未正确识别该决定。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "CHP 1010 McDowell et al. v. James Costello Turpen", "url": "/documents/1558/In_re_Jorge_Luis_Mier_Escobedo_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se defendant cited a non-existent case 'In re Raspanti, 414 B.R. 263 (Bankr. D. Colo. 2009)'; the Court identified the citation as fake and warned about AI-generated content and Rule 9011 compliance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CHP 1010 麦克道尔等人。诉詹姆斯·科斯特洛·图尔彭", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|自辩被告引用了一个不存在的案件“In re Raspanti, 414 B.R.” 263（科罗拉多州银行家，2009 年）'；法院认定该引文是虚假的，并对人工智能生成的内容和 9011 规则的遵守提出警告。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "G2 Ops, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1685/G2_Ops_Inc..pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel's filing included citations to non-existent case law; GAO observed these citations bore the hallmarks of AI/LLM use, warned that reliance on AI without verification wastes parties' and GAO's time, and advised that future submissions may lead to sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "G2 行动公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师提交的文件中引用了不存在的判例法； GAO 观察到这些引文带有人工智能/法学硕士使用的标志，警告说，在未经验证的情况下依赖人工智能会浪费当事人和 GAO 的时间，并建议未来提交的内容可能会导致制裁。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Martha Liliana Picon-Diaz et al. v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "/documents/1517/Picon_Diaz_v._Bondi_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel repeatedly cited and quoted a non-existent Tenth Circuit decision captioned 'Rodriguez-Romero v. Garland, 60 F.4th 1283 (10th Cir. 2023)'; the court found no such opinion and that the pincites pointed to unrelated cases (Wesley and Diaz-Menera), concluding the citation appears fabricated, likely generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "玛莎·莉莉安娜·皮康-迪亚兹等人。诉帕梅拉·J·邦迪", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师多次引用并援引一项不存在的第十巡回法院判决，标题为“Rodriguez-Romero v. Garland, 60 F.4th 1283 (10th Cir. 2023)”；法院没有发现这样的意见，并且证据指向不相关的案件（韦斯利和迪亚兹-梅内拉），得出的结论是该引文似乎是捏造的，很可能是由人工智能生成的。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "CVTEK, LLC (B-423943; B-423943.2)", "url": "/documents/1541/CVTEK_LLC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental protest included citations to decisions that could not be located or matched to the provided B-numbers/CPD citations; GAO was unable to find the cited authorities. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Some cited decisions that were located did not state the propositions for which the protester relied on them (AI produced citations that mischaracterized authority).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "CVTEK, LLC（B-423943；B-423943.2）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|补充抗议包括引用无法找到或与所提供的 B 编号/CPD 引用相匹配的决定； GAO 无法找到所引用的当局。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|一些所引用的判决并未说明抗议者所依赖的主张（人工智能产生了错误描述权威的引文）。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw CoCounsel", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Flora Chumpitaz-Morales v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "/documents/1490/FLORA_CHUMPITAZ-MORALES_-_DSTC_Petitioners_v_PAMELA_J_BONDI_United_States_A.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief appears to include citations that 'bear no relationship to the propositions for which they are cited,' suggesting possible fabricated case citations added by an AI product; government identified one problematic citation (not specified). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner's brief misrepresents the holdings of several cases it cites; the court attributed these misrepresentations to AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗洛拉·查姆皮塔兹-莫拉莱斯诉帕梅拉·J·邦迪", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Brief似乎包含“与它们被引用的命题无关”的引文，这表明人工智能产品可能添加了捏造的案例引文；政府发现了一项有问题的引文（未具体说明）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|申请人的陈述歪曲了其引用的几个案例的内容；法院将这些失实陈述归因于人工智能的幻觉。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Thomas Carl Dodds, Jr. v. Carrie Bridges", "url": "/documents/1499/THOMAS_CARL_DODDS_JR_Petitioner_-_Appellant_v_CARRIE_BRIDGES_Respondent_-_.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Dodds cited 'United States v. Mateo, 476 F.3d 179, 184 (3d Cir. 2007)' for a proposition and quotation; the reporter pages actually correspond to unrelated cases (In re O'Lexa and Wishkin v. Potter) and do not support the cited proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Dodds attributed a quotation to 'United States v. Farrow, 599 F.2d 154 (8th Cir. 1979)'; the citation points to an unrelated opinion and the correct Farrow (580 F.2d 1339) does not support the quoted proposition, so the quotation was misattributed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Dodds cited an apparently fictitious case 'United States v. Matthews, 7 F.3d 1552, 1555 (11th Cir. 1993)' and attributed a quotation to it; the panel found the citation to be entirely fictitious and the quotation fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小托马斯·卡尔·多兹诉凯莉·布里奇斯案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Dodds 引用了“United States v. Mateo, 476 F.3d 179, 184 (3d Cir. 2007)”作为主张和引用；记者页面实际上对应于不相关的案件（在 O'Lexa 和 Wishkin 诉 Potter 案中），并且不支持所引用的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Dodds 引用了“United States v. Farrow, 599 F.2d 154 (8th Cir. 1979)”；引用指向不相关的观点，并且正确的 Farrow (580 F.2d 1339) 不支持引用的命题，因此引用被错误归因。 ||捏造：判例法|多兹引用了一个明显虚构的案例“United States v. Matthews, 7 F.3d 1552, 1555 (11th Cir. 1993)”，并引用了该案例；专家组认为该引文完全是虚构的，引文是编造的。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Tabitha Alberti v. District of Columbia", "url": "/documents/1478/Alberti_v._DC_USA_10_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Opposition contained citations to cases that do not exist and invented/incorrect quotations; court found brief \"riddled\" with fabricated citations and inaccurate references.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塔比莎·阿尔贝蒂诉哥伦比亚特区", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见包含对不存在的案例的引用以及捏造/不正确的引用；法院发现这份简短的引文“充满了捏造的引文和不准确的参考文献”。", "court": "D. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "United States v. Clint Travis Rodgers", "url": "/documents/1501/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_Plaintiff_v_2_CLINT_TRAVIS_RODGERS_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited decisions that granted release for medical conditions that are facially dissimilar to Defendant's conditions; Court found these distinguishable and not supportive. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited cases that actually denied compassionate release (presented as supportive authority for medical conditions); the Court flagged these as misleading. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel relied on a district-court decision that was later reversed on appeal but cited it as supportive; the Court noted the reversal undermines its use as authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited cases that granted compassionate release, but did so based on non-medical family or sentencing-change reasons—not the medical grounds counsel relied upon; Court found those citations inapposite.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉克林特·特拉维斯·罗杰斯", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引了因与被告的病情表面上不同的医疗状况而准予释放的判决；法院认为这些是有区别的并且不支持。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了实际上拒绝同情释放的案例（作为医疗状况的支持性权威）；法院将这些标记为误导性的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师依赖地区法院的一项裁决，该裁决后来在上诉中被推翻，但表示该裁决是支持性的；法院指出，这一撤销损害了其作为权威的使用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师列举了一些给予同情释放的案例，但这样做是基于非医疗家庭或量刑变更的原因，而不是律师所依赖的医疗理由；法院认为这些引文不恰当。", "court": "W.D. Missouri (Central Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Kusmin L. Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1484/Amarsingh_v._Frontier_Airlines.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed propositions or quotations to a real case that did not contain the quoted language or stand for the cited proposition; court determined the attribution was inaccurate and resulted from AI output. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained seven case citations that the court could not locate; court ordered appellant to produce accurate copies or explain and concluded they were fabricated by ChatGPT. || False Quotes: Case Law | A second instance where appellant attributed a quotation or proposition to an actual opinion that did not contain that material; court treated this as an AI-produced misquote and part of the reckless failure to verify authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included seven case citations that the court could not locate; court determined they were fabricated outputs of ChatGPT. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed propositions and quotations to two real cases that did not contain those propositions or quotations; court found the attributions inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kusmin L. Amarsingh 诉 Frontier Airlines, Inc.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将命题或引用归因于真实案例，但不包含所引用的语言或代表所引用的命题；法院认定归因不准确，是人工智能输出的结果。 ||捏造：判例法|简报包含法院无法找到的七个案例引文；法院命令上诉人提供准确的副本或作出解释，并得出结论，这些副本是 ChatGPT 捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将引用或命题归因于不包含该材料的实际意见的第二种情况；法院将此视为人工智能产生的错误引用，也是鲁莽地未能核实当局的一部分。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要包括法院无法找到的七个案例引证；法院认定它们是 ChatGPT 捏造的输出。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将命题和引文归因于两个真实案例，但实际案例中并不包含这些命题或引文；法院认为这些归因不准确。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Peter L. Clinco v. Commissioner", "url": "/documents/1474/Clinco_v._Commissionner.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Cacchillo v. Commissioner, 130 T.C. 132 (2008)\" in support of a signature requirement; the Court found no such case at that citation and that the citation appears fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Miller v. Commissioner, 57 T.C. 440 (1971)\" to support a proposition about notices of deficiency; the Court observed the actual Miller decision cited by counsel is a T.C. Memo. (1984-448) and the reporter page at 57 T.C. 440 is a different case, so the citation was incorrect/misrepresented and did not support counsel's point. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Tefel v. Commissioner, 118 T.C. 324 (2002)\" for a signature-formalities proposition; the Court found no case named Tefel at that citation (page 324 of 118 T.C. is Hillman v. Commissioner) and treated the citation as fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Peter L. Clinco 诉专员", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师援引“Cacchilo v. Commissioner, 130 T.C. 132 (2008)”来支持签名要求；法院在该传票中没有发现此类案件，并且该传票似乎是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用“Miller v. Commissioner, 57 T.C. 440 (1971)”来支持关于缺陷通知的主张；法院认为律师引用的米勒实际判决是 T.C.备忘录。 (1984-448) 和 57 T.C. 的记者页面440 是一个不同的案例，因此引用是不正确/歪曲的，并且不支持律师的观点。 ||捏造：判例法|律师援引“Tefel v. Commissioner, 118 T.C. 324 (2002)”作为签名手续主张；法院在该传票中没有发现名为 Tefel 的案件（118 T.C. 第 324 页是 Hillman v. Commissioner），并将该传票视为捏造。", "court": "US Tax Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Nelson L. Bruce v. The United States", "url": "/documents/1508/Nelson_L_Bruce_Plaintiff_v_The_United_States_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed plaintiff submitted nonexistent or inaccurate legal authority consistent with AI-generated 'hallucinated' cases || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff mischaracterized Local Rule 83.I.08 as obligating the Clerk to accept all filings; court noted the rule actually concerns disciplinary enforcement.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纳尔逊·布鲁斯诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院观察到原告提交的法律权威不存在或不准确，与人工智能生成的“幻觉”案件一致||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告错误地将地方规则 83.I.08 描述为书记官有义务接受所有文件；法院指出，该规则实际上涉及纪律执行。", "court": "D. South Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "David Angel Sifuentes, III v. Capital One", "url": "/documents/1502/DAVID_ANGEL_SIFUENTES_III_Plaintiff_-_Appellant_v_CAPITAL_ONE_Defendant_-_.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Sifuentes cited a 2008 D.C. case titled \"In re Search of a Nextel Cellular Telephone\" that does not exist; the court found the authority fabricated and not supportive of his proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Sifuentes attributes language to Sinclair v. Wainwright that the court found nowhere in that opinion; the panel determined the quoted language does not appear in the cited case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A reporter citation supplied by Sifuentes retrieves a different case name and does not contain the legal proposition he attributes to it; the court noted the citation did not support his argument.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大卫·安杰尔·西富恩特斯三世诉第一资本", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Sifuentes 引用了 2008 年华盛顿特区的一个名为“重新搜索 Nextel 蜂窝电话”的案例，该案例并不存在；法院认为当局捏造事实，不支持他的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|西富恩特斯将《辛克莱诉温赖特案》中的语言归因于法庭在该意见中找不到的任何语言；专家组确定所引用的语言没有出现在所引用的案件中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Sifuentes 提供的记者引文检索到了不同的案件名称，并且不包含他所赋予的法律主张；法院指出，传票并不支持他的论点。", "court": "CA, Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "Raul Gonzales Davila v. Roblen", "url": "/documents/1511/RAUL_GONZALES_DAVILA_Plaintiff_v_ROBLEN_LLC_fdba_VICOLO_PIZZA_RESTAURANT_a.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed a quotation to Pineda v. Frisolino that does not appear in that opinion; Court found the quoted language absent and that counsel relied on the false quote to support FLSA individual coverage. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted prior memorandum contained hallucinated AI-generated citations to non-existent cases in a related matter, which led Judge Hall to order show cause.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "劳尔·冈萨雷斯·达维拉诉罗布伦", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Brief 引用了 Pineda v. Frisolino 的引述，但该引述并未出现在该意见中；法院发现所引用的语言不存在，并且律师依赖虚假引用来支持 FLSA 个人承保范围。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，先前的备忘录包含人工智能生成的对相关事项中不存在的案件的幻觉引用，这导致霍尔法官下令说明原因。", "court": "United States District Court, D. Connecticut", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "In re: Snowflake, Inc., Data Security Breach Litigation", "url": "/documents/1504/IN_RE_SNOWFLAKE_INC_DATA_SECURITY_BREACH_LITIGATION.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Panel identified this citation in the plaintiff's brief as apparently fabricated and not an actual JPML decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation/holding to this JPML decision that the Panel found was misrepresented or fabricated in the brief. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation/holding to this JPML decision that the Panel found was misrepresented or fabricated in the brief. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation/holding to this Ninth Circuit decision that the Panel found was misrepresented or fabricated in the brief. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation/holding to this JPML decision that the Panel found was misrepresented or fabricated in the brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | Panel identified this citation in the plaintiff's brief as apparently fabricated and not an actual JPML order. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation/holding to this district court decision that the Panel found was misrepresented or fabricated in the brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：Snowflake, Inc.，数据安全违规诉讼", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|专家组认为原告陈述中的这一引文显然是捏造的，而不是 JPML 的实际决定。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 JPML 的这一决定归结为引用/持有，专家组认为该决定在简报中被歪曲或捏造。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 JPML 的这一决定归结为引用/持有，专家组认为该决定在简报中被歪曲或捏造。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将第九巡回法院的裁决归咎于报价/持有，专家组认为该裁决在摘要中被歪曲或捏造。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 JPML 的这一决定归结为引用/持有，专家组认为该决定在简报中被歪曲或捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|专家组认为原告陈述中的这一引文显然是捏造的，而不是实际的 JPML 命令。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将地区法院判决的引用/主张归因于专家组认为摘要中存在歪曲或捏造的情况。", "court": "J.P.M.L.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Matter of: Bramstedt Surgical Inc.", "url": "/documents/1425/Bramstedt_Surgical_Inc_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a non-existent decision combination (party name, B-number, and date) that GAO could not locate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a partially accurate citation (party name and B-number exist but date/matter do not match the cited proposition). || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a B-number/party combination GAO could not locate and that was irrelevant to the asserted timeliness principle. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a party name with a B-number/date that did not correspond to the GAO decision addressing the cited issue. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a B-number that matched a different decision and a party name/date that did not align with the cited authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a party name and B-number/date combination that did not match GAO precedent relied on; GAO found multiple mismatches for this party name across different B-numbers/dates. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appendix included four additional GAO decisions with inaccurate citations that the protester later withdrew reliance on.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "事由： Bramstedt Surgical Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 GAO 无法找到的不存在的决策组合（政党名称、B 号码和日期）。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了部分准确的引文（政党名称和 B 号码存在，但日期/事项与引用的主张不匹配）。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 GAO 无法找到的 B 号码/政党组合，这与所主张的及时性原则无关。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了带有 B 号码/日期的政党名称，该名称与 GAO 针对所引用问题的决定不符。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了与不同决定相匹配的 B 号码，以及与引用的权威不符的政党名称/日期。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用的政党名称和 B 号码/日期组合与 GAO 所依据的先例不符； GAO 发现该政党名称在不同的 B 号码/日期中存在多个不匹配之处。 ||捏造：判例法|附录中还包括另外四项政府问责局的决定，这些决定的引用不准确，抗议者后来撤回了对这些决定的依赖。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Life Together Coaching, LLC", "url": "/documents/1423/Life_Together_Coaching_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited a non-existent GAO decision 'Rotech Healthcare Inc., B-414551 (2017)'; GAO could not locate a decision matching that B-number or party. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Protester misrepresented the content of several GAO decisions in its filings; GAO identified multiple instances where the substance asserted by the protester was unsupported by the cited decisions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "生活在一起辅导有限责任公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了一项不存在的 GAO 决定“Rotech Healthcare Inc.，B-414551 (2017)”； GAO 无法找到与该 B 号码或政党相匹配的决策。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|抗议者在其提交的文件中歪曲了政府问责局的几项决定的内容；美国政府问责局发现了多个实例，其中抗议者声称的实质内容并未得到所引用的决定的支持。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Solomon A. Jones v. Kankakee County Sheriff's Department, et al.", "url": "/documents/1367/Jones_v._Kankakee_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's reply brief attributed a quotation to a reported case, but the court found the quoted language does not appear in that case and described it as a non-existent quotation suggestive of an AI hallucination. || False Quotes: Case Law | A second attributed quotation in the reply brief likewise does not appear in the cited authority; the court flagged both misattributions when ordering a response but did not find intentional misconduct.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "所罗门·琼斯 (Solomon A. Jones) 诉坎卡基县治安部门等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|上诉人的答复摘要将引述归因于所报告的案件，但法院发现所引用的语言并未出现在该案件中，并将其描述为暗示人工智能幻觉的不存在的引述。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复摘要中的第二个引用同样不会出现在引用的权威中；法院在下令作出回应时指出了这两种错误归因，但没有发现故意不当行为。", "court": "Seventh Circuit CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Mary Stephens v. Helena-West Helena School District", "url": "/documents/1371/Stephens_v._Helena_West_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case K.H. v. Northside Indep. Sch. Dist.; the Court identified it as a phantom citation and ordered an explanation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case A.L. v. Jackson County Sch. Bd.; the Court identified it as a phantom citation and ordered an explanation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "玛丽·斯蒂芬斯诉海伦娜-西海伦娜学区", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例 K.H.诉北区独立党。施。距离；法院将其认定为虚假传票，并下令作出解释。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的 A.L. 诉 Jackson County Sch. 案件。 BD。法院将其认定为虚假传票，并下令作出解释。", "court": "E.D. Arkansas (Delta Division)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "Re: IMO the Estate of Joseph L. Weddington", "url": "/documents/1388/Re_IMO_the_Estate_of_Joseph_L_Weddington_Jr_deceased.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：IMO 约瑟夫·L·韦丁顿的遗产", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "CC Delaware", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Boyd v. Lee", "url": "/documents/1383/Boyd_v_Lee_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the citation does not support appellant's stated proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent (fabricated). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent (fabricated). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the cited decision does not support appellant's stated proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the cited decision does not support appellant's stated proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent (fabricated). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the cited decision does not support appellant's stated proposition (identified later by the court). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent (fabricated) (identified later by the court).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "博伊德诉李", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为该引文不支持上诉人所述的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在（捏造）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在（捏造）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为所引用的判决不支持上诉人所述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为所引用的判决不支持上诉人所述的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在（捏造）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为所引用的判决不支持上诉人所陈述的主张（法院稍后予以确认）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定该传票不存在（捏造）（法院后来确认）。", "court": "AC Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "title": "Saad Hanna v. Kimberly A. Nelson", "url": "/documents/1307/Hanna_v._Nelson_USA_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained allegedly three AI-generated citations to nonexistent cases; doctor alleged fictitious cases produced by GenAI; court recognized at least some citations were fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant incorrectly cited an unpublished decision that does exist: People in Interest of J.L.S.; citation was misused and violates court's policy on unpublished opinions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant miscited In re Estate of Ongaro; the case exists but does not articulate the test Hanna attributed to it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "萨阿德·汉纳诉金伯利·纳尔逊", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的简报据称包含三个人工智能生成的对不存在案件的引用；医生指控 GenAI 虚构病例；法院承认至少有一些传票是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人错误地引用了一项确实存在的未发表的决定：J.L.S. 的利益相关者；引文被滥用并违反了法院关于未发表意见的政策。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人错误地引用了 Ongaro 财产；该案例确实存在，但没有阐明汉娜对此进行的测试。", "court": "Colorado CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; No adverse costs order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Jessica Baker v. Ryan Joseph Baker", "url": "/documents/1296/Baker_v._Baker_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.20) included a legal citation the court determined did not correspond to any real case and appeared fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.30) contained a cited authority the court found to be fabricated and unsupported by an actual precedent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.31) referenced case law that the court observed appears to be fabricated and not traceable to real decisions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.33) included citations the Superior Court noted as fabricated and not corresponding to any known cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief (p.40) referenced authorities the court concluded appeared fabricated and did not support the appellant's arguments.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "杰西卡·贝克诉瑞安·约瑟夫·贝克", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 20 页）包括法院认定的法律引文，该引文与任何真实案件都不相符，并且似乎是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 30 页）包含引用的权威，法院认为该权威是捏造的，并且没有实际先例的支持。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 31 页）引用了判例法，法院认为该判例​​法似乎是捏造的，无法追溯到真正的判决。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 33 页）包括高等法院认为捏造的引文，与任何已知案件都不相符。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要（第 40 页）引用了法院得出的结论似乎是捏造的权威，并且不支持上诉人的论点。", "court": "Superior Court of Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "title": "Tamisha Shaw v. Coast Dental of Georgia et al/", "url": "/documents/1576/Shaw_v._Coast_Dental_USA_6_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Williams v. Streeval, 301 Ga. App. 455 (2009)\" for the proposition that an answer filed without authority is a nullity; court found the named opinion was a non-Georgia trial court opinion and the citation actually points to In re M.O., 301 Ga. App. 453 (2009). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Fisher v. State, 272 Ga. 883 (2000)\" to support authority for invalid unauthorized representation; court found no such Fisher decision exists and the citation actually leads to Mosley v. State, 272 Ga. 881 (2000), which does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited and quoted \"Wallace v. Wallace, 271 Ga. 130, 130-31 (1999)\" claiming a quote about pleadings filed without authority; court found the quote does not appear in Georgia law and the citation directs to White v. State, 271 Ga. 130 (1999), which is unrelated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 277 Ga. 198 (2003)\" as reaffirming that courts may strike unauthorized pleadings; court found no Georgia Supreme Court case by that caption and the citation points to Wilson v. State, 277 Ga. 195 (2003), unrelated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tamisha Shaw 诉佐治亚州 Coast Dental 等人/", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“Williams v. Streeval, 301 Ga. App. 455 (2009)”来主张未经授权提交的答复无效；法院发现指定的意见是非佐治亚州初审法院的意见，并且引文实际上指向 In re M.O., 301 Ga. App.。 453（2009）。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引“Fisher v. State, 272 Ga. 883 (2000)”来支持无效未经授权的代理的权威；法院认为不存在这样的费舍尔判决，并且该引证实际上导致了 Mosley v. State, 272 Ga. 881 (2000)，该案不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用并援引“Wallace v. Wallace, 271 Ga. 130, 130-31 (1999)”，声称引用了未经授权提交的诉状；法院发现该引述并未出现在佐治亚州法律中，且引证指向 White v. State, 271 Ga. 130 (1999)，两者无关。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引“Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 277 Ga. 198 (2003)”重申法院可以驳回未经授权的诉状；法院根据该标题认定没有佐治亚州最高法院的案件，并且引文指向 Wilson v. State, 277 Ga. 195 (2003)，不相关。", "court": "SC Gwinnett County, Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2632", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Washburn v. Houston", "url": "/documents/1275/Washburn_v._Houston_2_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cites Buencamino, Woyton, Reid, Vincent, and Thompson as addressing specific relocation factors, but none of those cases discuss the claimed factors. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributes quotations to Owen v. Blackhawk that do not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Brief purports to quote the amended decree and the May 2023 and November 2024 evidentiary hearing transcripts, but the quoted material does not appear in those records.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沃什伯恩诉休斯顿", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 引用了 Buencamino、Woyton、Reid、Vincent 和 Thompson 来讨论具体的搬迁因素，但这些案例都没有讨论所声称的因素。 ||虚假引述：判例法|简要引用了《欧文诉黑鹰案》中未出现在该意见中的内容。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 | Brief 声称引用了修订后的法令以及 2023 年 5 月和 2024 年 11 月的证据听证会笔录，但所引用的材料并未出现在这些记录中。", "court": "Arizona CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency v. Bradley K. Bass, et al.", "url": "/documents/1273/MASSACHUSETTS_HOUSING_FINANCE_AGENCY_v._Bass_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se parties cited a non-existent case (court found the cited decision does not appear at the citation and is not in reported SJC decisions). Court warned parties and rejected reliance on that authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马萨诸塞州住房金融局诉 Bradley K. Bass 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|自辩方引用了一个不存在的案例（法院发现引用的判决没有出现在传票中，也没有出现在报告的 SJC 判决中）。法院警告各方并拒绝依赖该权威。", "court": "Massachusetts Land Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Tiffany Regina Ringer v. Bank of America, N.A.", "url": "/documents/1290/Ringer_v._BoAM_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Numerous miscited cases and inaccurate verbatim quotations in the Defendant’s Memorandum; counsel admitted the citation and quotation errors. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | A lengthy supposed block quotation from a statute was almost entirely paraphrased but presented as a verbatim quotation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Certain quotations overstated that a petition to quiet title required statements to be 'sworn,' 'notarized' or 'attested to'—assertions unsupported by the authorities cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒂芙尼·雷吉娜·林格 (Tiffany Regina Ringer) 诉美国银行 (Bank of America, N.A.)", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|被告备忘录中存在大量错误引用案例和不准确的逐字引用；律师承认引文和引用错误。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|一条冗长的假定的法规引用几乎完全被解释，但以逐字引用的形式呈现。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|某些引文夸大了，要求安静所有权的请愿书要求声明经过“宣誓”、“公证”或“证明”——所引用的当局并未支持这些说法。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Fine; Ordered to submit statement of training/oversight", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "Cherleatha B. v. Frank Bisignano", "url": "/documents/1232/Bogan_v._Comm_USA_29_DEcember_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Eisenberg v. SSA, 496 F. Supp. 2d 238 (D.D.C. 2007)'; the court found the citation incorrect/misplaced and noted the 496 F. Supp.2d citation corresponds to Garcia v. Comm'r, 496 F. Supp. 2d 235 (E.D.N.Y. 2007), whereas Eisenberg appears at 703 F. Supp. 2d 27 (D.D.C. 2010).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cherleatha B. 诉 Frank Bisignano", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Eisenberg v. SSA, 496 F. Supp.”。 2d 238（D.D.C. 2007）'；法院认为该引文不正确/放错位置，并指出 496 F. Supp.2d 引文对应于 Garcia v. Comm'r、496 F. Supp.2d 引文。 2d 235 (E.D.N.Y. 2007)，而艾森伯格出现在 703 F. Supp。 2d 27（D.D.C. 2010）。", "court": "D. South Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Krystle J. Lyons v. Oak Harbor School District", "url": "/documents/1261/Lyons_v._Oak_Harbor_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cites a non-existent case 'Forbes v. Garza'; the court notes the case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "克里斯特尔·里昂诉橡树港学区案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对引用了一个不存在的案件“福布斯诉加尔萨”；法院指出此案不存在。", "court": "W.D. Washington (Seattle)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Amended Complaint dismissed with prejudice.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Matter of: KE System Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1224/KE_System_Services_Inc._USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to 'KAES Enters., B-420916.2, 2022 CPD ¶ _' could not be located; the B-number corresponds to an unrelated unpublished decision and no published GAO decision matching the citation exists. || False Quotes: Case Law | Protester attributed direct quotations to GAO decisions that, when located, did not contain the quoted language; GAO could not verify the quoted passages. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple B-number or CPD citations provided by the protester could not be located or did not support the legal propositions for which they were cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "事由：KE System Services, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|无法找到对“KAES Enters., B-420916.2, 2022 CPD ¶ _”的引用； B 号对应于不相关的未发表的决定，并且不存在与引用相匹配的已发布的 GAO 决定。 ||虚假引述：判例法|抗议者将直接引用的内容归咎于政府问责局的决定，但当找到这些决定时，发现并不包含引用的语言；美国政府问责局无法核实所引用的段落。 ||捏造：判例法|无法找到抗议者提供的多个 B 号码或 CPD 引文，或者这些引文不支持其所引用的法律主张。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Donovan v. Clark County Assessor", "url": "/documents/1260/Donovan_v_Clark_County_Assessor_USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se litigants cited a non-existent case 'Rawles v. Monroe Cnty. Ass'r, 48T10-1705-TA-00014, slip op. at 5–6 (Ind. Tax Ct. May 13, 2019)'; court could not locate the case and concluded it was an AI hallucination (petitioner admitted using AI). || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief quoted language attributed to Piotrowski, O'Donnell, and Westfield Golf that the court found not present in those opinions; court treated these as inaccurate/misgenerated quotations likely produced by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多诺万诉克拉克县评估员", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|自诉当事人引用了一个不存在的案件“Rawles v. Monroe Cnty”。屁股，48T10-1705-TA-00014，滑动操作。 5–6（工业税局，2019 年 5 月 13 日）'；法院无法找到该案件并得出结论这是人工智能幻觉（申请人承认使用了人工智能）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|回复简短引用了 Piotrowski、O'Donnell 和 Westfield Golf 的语言，法院发现这些意见中没有这些语言；法院将这些视为可能由人工智能产生的不准确/错误生成的报价。", "court": "Tax Court of Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Disability Rights Mississippi v. Palmer Home for Children", "url": "/documents/1225/Disability_Rights_Mississippi_v._Palmer_Home_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to SafetyNet does not appear in the opinion and Court found counsel misrepresented the case's holding when relying on the fake quote. || False Quotes: Case Law | Portion of quoted material attributed to the case was not contained in the opinion; counsel admitted she had not reviewed the case before filing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Portion of quoted material attributed to the case was not contained in the opinion; counsel admitted she had not reviewed the case before filing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited case does not exist as listed; actual reported case ends earlier and has no page 696 as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation 849 F. Supp. 1206 (N.D. Ind. 1994) does not correspond to any existing decision as cited; the case name corresponds to a different citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Legal citation leads to an unrelated case; the Tanager Place citation as given is not the Tanager Place decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Portion of quoted material attributed to the opinion does not appear in the case; counsel admitted she did not review the opinion prior to filing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Purported quote was not in the opinion and counsel admitted she had not reviewed the case before quoting it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "密西西比州残疾人权利诉帕尔默儿童之家案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|引用的来自 SafetyNet 的语言并未出现在意见中，法院发现律师在依赖虚假引用时歪曲了案件的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|意见中未包含与该案件相关的部分引用材料；律师承认她在立案之前没有审查过此案。 ||虚假引述：判例法|意见中未包含与该案件相关的部分引用材料；律师承认她在立案之前没有审查过此案。 ||捏造：判例法|所引用的案例并不存在；实际报告的案例较早结束，并且没有引用的第 696 页。 ||捏造：判例法|引文 849 F. Supp。 1206 (N.D. Ind. 1994) 与所引用的任何现有决定不相符；案例名称对应于不同的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|法律引用导致不相关的案件；所给出的 Tanager Place 引文并非 Tanager Place 的决定。 ||虚假引述：判例法|属于该意见的部分引用材料并未出现在案件中；律师承认她在提交之前没有审查该意见。 ||虚假引述：判例法|意见中没有所谓的引述，律师承认她在引用之前没有审查过该案件。", "court": "N.D Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; notification to bar and other courts; attorney withdrawal.", "monetary_penalty": "20883 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Edward Starski v. Chandler Holderness", "url": "/documents/1201/Starski_v._Holderness_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'In re Application of Kieta, 573 N.W.2d 787 (Neb. 1998)'; the court's independent research found no such decision and labeled it an AI 'hallucination.' || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant provided direct quotations and legal propositions attributed to cited authorities that do not appear in those authorities; court found these improper citations indicative of AI-generated hallucinations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱德华·斯塔斯基诉钱德勒·霍尔德内斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的案例“In re Application of Kieta, 573 N.W.2d 787 (Neb. 1998)”；法院的独立研究没有发现这样的决定，并将其称为人工智能的“幻觉”。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人提供了未出现在所引用权威中的直接引文和法律主张；法院认为这些不当引用表明人工智能产生了幻觉。", "court": "CA Appeals", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Alex Abrami et al", "url": "/documents/1222/Lafayette_v._Abrami_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff admitted including fictitious case citations in his filings; court noted prior warning by another court and ordered him to show cause for sanctions. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff admitted including fictitious quotations attributed to case law in his filings; court referenced prior warning and set a show-cause hearing for sanctions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants argued the amended complaint continues to use inaccurate case citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗伯特·拉斐特诉亚历克斯·阿布拉米等人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告承认在其提交的文件中引用了虚构的案例；法院注意到另一法院事先发出的警告，并命令他说明制裁理由。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告承认在其提交的文件中包含了判例法中的虚构引文；法院参考了之前的警告，并为制裁安排了一次说明理由听证会。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告辩称，修改后的起诉书继续使用不准确的案例引用。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; Pre-Filing Injunction", "monetary_penalty": "7361 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Dorsey v. Jones", "url": "/documents/1200/Dorsey_v_Jones_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found briefs cited false legal authority (fabricated or incorrect citations) and concluded GenAI may have produced the content. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found briefs miscited legal authority (incorrect quotations or attributions), suggesting false quotes or misrepresentations from GenAI output.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多尔西诉琼斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院发现摘要引用了虚假的法律权威（捏造或不正确的引用），并得出结论可能是 GenAI 制作了这些内容。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现摘要错误地引用了法律权威（不正确的引用或归属），表明 GenAI 输出存在虚假引用或歪曲事实。", "court": "Delaware C. Ch.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to certify future filings re: AI", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Holmes Family Trust v. Multnomah County Assessor", "url": "/documents/1251/Holmes_Family_Trust_v_Multnomah_County_Assessor_uSA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Dept. of Rev. v. Sec'y of State, 16 OTR 350, 359 (2003)'; court found the case does not exist and likely resulted from generative AI; court declined to sanction but admonished Plaintiff.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "霍姆斯家庭信托诉摩特诺玛县评估员", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“部门”的说法。 Rev. v. Sec'y of State，16 OTR 350, 359 (2003)'；法院认定此案不存在，很可能是由生成式人工智能造成的；法院拒绝制裁，但对原告进行了训诫。", "court": "Oregon Tax Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Christina Garcia v. Atwater Elementary Teachers Association", "url": "/documents/1240/Garcia_v._Atwater_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal repeatedly cited a nonexistent PERB decision 'Teamsters Local 150 (PERB Dec. No. 2789)'; the Board found the decision does not exist and that the citation was fabricated via AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal repeatedly cited a nonexistent PERB decision 'SEIU Local 721 (PERB Dec. No. 2544)'; the Board found the decision does not exist and that the citation was fabricated via AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal repeatedly cited a nonexistent PERB decision 'UTLA (PERB Dec. No. 2255)'; the Board found the decision does not exist and that the citation was fabricated via AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "克里斯蒂娜·加西亚诉阿特沃特小学教师协会", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉多次引用了不存在的 PERB 决定“Teamsters Local 150 (PERB Dec. No. 2789)”；委员会发现该决定不存在，并且该罚单是通过人工智能伪造的。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉多次引用了不存在的 PERB 决定“SEIU Local 721（PERB Dec. No. 2544）”；委员会发现该决定不存在，并且该罚单是通过人工智能伪造的。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉多次引用了不存在的 PERB 决定“UTLA (PERB Dec. No. 2255)”；委员会发现该决定不存在，并且该罚单是通过人工智能伪造的。", "court": "California PERB", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Sayali Kulkarni & Abhijit Kulkarni v. Merit Systems Protection Board", "url": "/documents/1180/ABHIJIT_KULKARNI_v._MSPB_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief cites “Special Counsel v. Hatch, 654 F.3d 1376, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2011),” a citation the court identifies as incorrect (reporter citation actually corresponds to CyberSource Corp. v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2011)). Court treated this as a fictitious/misleading citation in the briefing and relied on it as basis to strike the briefs. || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief quotes language attributed to Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 409 (2009) that the court states does not appear in that opinion (a false quotation attributed to an existing case).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sayali Kulkarni 和 Abhijit Kulkarni 诉功绩制度保护委员会", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|回复摘要引用了“特别顾问诉 Hatch, 654 F.3d 1376, 1382 (Fed. Cir. 2011)”，该引文被法院认定为不正确（记者引文实际上对应于 Cyber​​Source Corp. v. Retail Decisions, Inc., 654 F.3d 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2011)）。法院将此视为简报中的虚构/误导性引文，并以此作为驳回简报的依据。 ||虚假引述：判例法|回复简短引用了 Shinseki v. Sanders, 556 U.S. 396, 409 (2009) 中法院指出的语言并未出现在该意见中（归因于现有案件的虚假引用）。", "court": "CA Federal Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed the Board; granted motions to strike the Kulkarnis' informal reply briefs containing the false citations/quotes", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-12", "title": "Jordan v. Beskrone (In re Prehired LLC)", "url": "/documents/1244/in_re_Jordan_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint included citations to opinions that do not exist; court identified these fabricated citations (noted in June 9, 2025 letter) and attributed them to likely AI misuse. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complaint cited In re Marvel Ent. Grp. as supporting a heightened-duty proposition; court found the case does not support that proposition and flagged the citation as likely AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Complaint cited other real opinions that did not plausibly stand for the propositions asserted by plaintiff; court treated these as misrepresentations likely from generative AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jordan 诉 Beskrone（关于 Prehired LLC）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|投诉包括引用不存在的观点；法院认定了这些捏造的引文（在 2025 年 6 月 9 日的信中指出），并将其归因于可能的人工智能滥用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|投诉引用了 Marvel Ent。组。支持加强责任的主张；法院发现该案件不支持该主张，并将该引文标记为可能是人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|诉状中引用了其他真实的观点，但这些观点不能合理地代表原告所主张的主张；法院将这些视为可能来自生成人工智能的虚假陈述。", "court": "D. Delaware (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Second Amended Complaint dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Associated Builders and Contractors v. Bucks County Community College", "url": "/documents/1140/Associated_Builds_v._Bucks_County_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The College's initial appellate brief included AI-generated fabricated case citations and factual representations; the court struck the brief and declined to consider it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合建筑商和承包商诉巴克斯县社区学院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|该学院最初的上诉简报包括人工智能生成的捏造案例引文和事实陈述；法院驳回了该案情摘要并拒绝考虑。", "court": "CC Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief struck and ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Shana Jordan, et al. v. Chicago Housing Authority et al.", "url": "/documents/1159/Jordan_v._CHA_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | CHA relied on a non-existent case as controlling authority for admitting alternative-source evidence; plaintiffs identified it as fabricated and CHA conceded it was produced by an attorney using AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Another non-existent case cited in CHA filings identified by plaintiffs and attributed by the firm to AI-assisted drafting. || Misrepresented: Case Law | CHA misstated the holding of Barry v. Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp., portraying it as affirming remittitur when the Illinois Supreme Court did not vacate the award. || Misrepresented: Case Law | CHA represented Hollis v. R. Latoria Construction as supporting remittitur where the Supreme Court actually affirmed and remanded for a new trial based on inadequacy of damages. || Misrepresented: Case Law | CHA mischaracterized Johnson v. Mers as involving a trial court reduction of pain-and-suffering awards; the case actually affirmed summary judgment for the employer and did not involve that trial scenario. || Misrepresented: Case Law | CHA quoted Sears v. Rutishauser for a principle about speculative damages requiring reduction, but the court held a different point regarding cross-examination of a treating physician; the quotation/point was misapplied. || False Quotes: Case Law | CHA included a quoted passage attributed to Thompson v. Gordon that the opinion does not contain; the court found the quote absent and the proposition unsupported by that case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "夏娜·乔丹等人。诉芝加哥住房管理局等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| CHA 依靠一个不存在的案件作为接受替代来源证据的控制机构；原告认为它是捏造的，CHA 承认它是由律师使用人工智能制作的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告在 CHA 文件中引用了另一个不存在的案例，公司将其归因于人工智能辅助起草。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| CHA 错误地陈述了巴里诉欧文斯康宁玻璃纤维公司案的判决，将其描述为在伊利诺伊州最高法院没有撤销该裁决的情况下确认汇款。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| CHA 在 Hollis v. R. Latoria Construction 案中代表支持返还，最高法院实际上以损害赔偿不足为由确认并发回重审。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| CHA 将 Johnson 诉 Mers 案错误地描述为涉及初审法院减少痛苦和苦难赔偿金；该案实际上确认了雇主的简易判决，并且不涉及该审判场景。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| CHA 引用了 Sears v. Rutishauser 案关于需要减少投机性损害赔偿的原则，但法院对主治医生的交叉询问持有不同的观点；引用/观点被误用。 ||虚假引述：判例法| CHA 引用了汤普森诉戈登案中的一段段落，但该意见并未包含；法院认为该引文不存在，该主张也没有得到该案的支持。", "court": "CC Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Motion partly struck; Monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "59500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Eddie Lawrence Quitugua v. Donna P. Quitugua, et al.", "url": "/documents/1149/Quitugua_v._Quitugua_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited decision and suspects this cited authority may be an AI-fabricated case; flagged as potentially fabricated citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Henrichs that does not appear in the opinion; court found the quoted language absent from the decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed Kougasian contained a specific phrasing ('gravamen') that the opinion does not contain; court identified the quotation as inaccurate. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Leadsinger for a proposition about continuing violations using wording that does not appear in the opinion; court noted the quoted terms are absent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃迪·劳伦斯·奎图瓜 (Eddie Lawrence Quitugua) 诉唐娜·P·奎图瓜 (Donna P. Quitugua) 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院无法找到引用的判决，怀疑引用的权威机构可能是人工智能捏造的案件；被标记为可能捏造的引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Henrichs 的一段引述，但该引述并未出现在意见中；法院认为判决中没有引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称 Kougasian 包含了该意见中不包含的特定措辞（“gravamen”）；法院认定该报价不准确。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用Leadsinger关于使用意见中未出现的措辞继续违法的主张；法院指出所引用的条款不存在。", "court": "D. Guam", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Rashonna Moore v. City of Del City", "url": "/documents/1143/Moore_v._City_of_Del_City_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Eleven case citations in Moore's appellate brief could not be located on Westlaw; court concluded they appear fabricated and ordered Moore to produce copies or explain their origin. || Fabricated: Case Law | Moore cited 'Cohen v. United States, 201 F.3d 109'; court found this citation fabricated (the reporter page corresponds to Kalwasinski v. Morse, 201 F.3d 103) and treated it as an AI-generated hallucination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Moore misrepresented Hudson v. Michigan, 547 U.S. 586 (2006), claiming it supported a particular principle; court found the representation inaccurate and that the case did not state the proposition she attributed to it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Moore cited Gilday v. Mecosta County, 124 F.3d 760 (6th Cir. 1997) as supporting 'equitable access principles'; court found Gilday does not contain or use that language or principle and deemed the citation mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉肖娜·摩尔诉德尔城市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在 Westlaw 上无法找到摩尔上诉案情摘要中的 11 个案例引用；法院得出结论，这些内容似乎是捏造的，并命令摩尔提供副本或解释其来源。 ||捏造：判例法|摩尔引用了“科恩诉美国，201 F.3d 109”；法院认定该引文是伪造的（记者页面对应于 Kalwasinski v. Morse, 201 F.3d 103），并将其视为人工智能生成的幻觉。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|摩尔歪曲了 Hudson v. Michigan, 547 U.S. 586 (2006)，声称其支持某项特定原则；法院认为该陈述不准确，案件没有陈述她所提出的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|摩尔援引 Gilday v. Mecosta County, 124 F.3d 760 (6th Cir. 1997) 来支持“公平准入原则”；法院认定吉尔迪不包含或使用该语言或原则，并认为该引文被错误描述。", "court": "CA Tenth Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "District court judgment affirmed; alternatively appeal dismissed as a sanction for misuse of GenAI; Future disclosure of GenAI use and verification of citations ordered, under penalty of perjury.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "In re: Avi Schwalb", "url": "/documents/1155/In_re_Schwalb_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'In re Plaza de Diego Shopping Ctr., 911 F.3d 820 (1st Cir. 2018)'; the Court determined that citation does not exist and noted a similarly named 1990 opinion at 911 F.2d 820 was inapplicable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：阿维·施瓦布", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人引用“In re Plaza de Diego Shopping Ctr., 911 F.3d 820 (1st Cir. 2018)”；法院认定该引文不存在，并指出 911 F.2d 820 中类似名称的 1990 年意见不适用。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court rejected reliance on the citation", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "De Ford, Bader, and Key v. James Koutoulas and LGBCoin, LTD", "url": "/documents/1121/De_Ford_v._Koutoulas_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants cited this opinion to support their 'meme coin' argument; the Court could not locate the decision and found the citation likely fabricated, warning that citing non-existent cases is sanctionable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants relied on this purported S.D.N.Y. decision; the Court's independent research could not find the opinion and concluded the citation appears fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs also identified this cited decision as non-existent; the Court noted the additional alleged hallucinated citation and admonished defendants for failing to dispute the allegation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "De Ford、Bader 和 Key 诉 James Koutoulas 和 LGBCoin, LTD", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告引用这一观点来支持他们的“模因硬币”论点；法院无法找到该决定，并认为该引文可能是捏造的，并警告说，引用不存在的案件是会受到制裁的。 ||捏造：判例法|被告依靠这一所谓的 S.D.N.Y.决定;法院的独立研究未能找到该意见，并得出结论，该引文似乎是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告还认为该判决不存在；法院注意到了额外的幻觉引文指控，并警告被告未能对这一指控提出异议。", "court": "M.D. Fla. (Orlando)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "In re: Marguerite Latete Kilpatrick", "url": "/documents/1091/In_re_Marguerite_Latete_Kilpatrick_Debtor_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'In re Miller, 150 B.R. 834 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1993)', which the Court found to be non-existent and noted 150 B.R. 834 corresponds to Brandt v. 440 Assocs., indicating a made-up citation; Court flagged this as a potential AI hallucination and basis for Rule 9011 review. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Debtor relied on In re Pan Am Corp., 159 B.R. 396, 400 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) for the proposition that status quo should be maintained pending withdrawal; Court found that Pan Am addressed Rule 54(b) and dismissal of appeals, not withdrawal/stay, so the authority was misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：玛格丽特·拉特·基尔帕特里克", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人援引“In re Miller, 150 B.R.” 834 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1993)'，法院认为该文件不存在，并指出 150 B.R. 834 对应于 Brandt v. 440 Assocs.，表明引文是虚构的；法院将此标记为潜在的人工智能幻觉，并作为规则 9011 审查的基础。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|债务人依赖 In re Pan Am Corp., 159 B.R. 396, 400 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) 主张在退出之前应维持现状；法院认为，泛美航空处理的是规则 54(b) 和驳回上诉，而不是撤回/中止，因此该权力被误用。", "court": "S.D. Ohio (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Supplying Demand, LLC (Matter of)", "url": "/documents/1083/Supplying_Demand_LLC_USA_November_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "供应需求有限责任公司（事项）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board", "url": "/documents/1368/Pletcher_v_Village_of_Libertyville_Police_Pension_Board.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff cited non-existent record page numbers and referenced exhibits (A-F) that were never introduced into the administrative record; court noted these citations to the record do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case and quoted a favorable holding that does not exist; court found the case fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case as authority for a rule on selective medical opinions; court found the citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case claiming recognition of cumulative stress effects on cardiovascular health; court found citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to argue that a 14-month delay violated a statutory timeframe; court found the citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case on delay in issuing rulings; court found the case does not exist and plaintiff later conceded it was inapplicable. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a favorable holding to Bowlin that the case does not contain; court determined the quoted language is not in Bowlin. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Johnson as stating inability to comply with treatment does not negate disability; court found Johnson does not support that statement. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Knight as holding that persistence despite treatment does not infer non-compliance; court found Knight does not contain that language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a broad rebuke of selective expert reliance to Roszak that the case does not support; court found the quote misleading. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed Jones supports a finding about shift work and cardiovascular harm; court found Jones does not address hypertension or related conditions. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a genetics-related holding to Johns", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "普莱彻诉利伯蒂维尔村警察养老金委员会", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|原告引用了不存在的记录页码和引用的证物（A-F），这些证据从未被引入行政记录中；法院指出这些记录的引用并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例并引用了一个不存在的有利主张；法院认定该案属虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例作为选择性医疗意见规则的依据；法院认定该传票是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例，声称承认累积压力对心血管健康的影响；法院认定引文是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引一个不存在的案例来辩称，14个月的延误违反了法定期限；法院认定该传票是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来说明延迟发布裁决的情况；法院认定该案件不存在，原告后来承认该案件不适用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将鲍林的有利财产归咎于本案不包含的内容；法院认定所引用的语言不是鲍林语。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引约翰逊的话称，无法遵守治疗并不意味着残疾；法院认为约翰逊不支持这一说法。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引奈特的话说，尽管接受了治疗，但坚持不懈并不意味着不遵守规定；法院认定 Knight 不包含该语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将选择性依赖专家的广泛指责归咎于罗扎克，但本案并不支持这一点；法院认为该引述具有误导性。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称琼斯支持关于轮班工作和心血管危害的调查结果；法院认定琼斯没有解决高血压或相关病症。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将与遗传学相关的资产归咎于约翰斯", "court": "AC Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Nuvola, LLC v. Wright", "url": "/documents/1354/Nuvola__LLC_v._Wright_USA_21_November_2025.Pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple AI-generated, non-existent case citations were included in Defendant's Memorandum in Support of Motion to Compel Arbitration; the Court's research determined the cited cases did not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nuvola, LLC 诉 Wright", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告支持强制仲裁动议的备忘录中包含了多个人工智能生成的、不存在的案例引文；法院的研究确定所引用的案件并不存在。", "court": "Minnesota DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; five educational presentations/CLE requirement; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Linda Oliver v. Christian Dribusch", "url": "/documents/1067/Oliver_v._Dribusch_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant suggested plaintiff used an AI tool to generate an inaccurate (hallucinated) legal citation; the court declined to reproduce it and warned the use of fake case citations is sanctionable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "琳达·奥利弗诉克里斯蒂安·德里布施", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告暗示原告使用人工智能工具生成不准确的（幻觉的）法律引文；法院拒绝复制该文件，并警告使用虚假案例引文将受到制裁。", "court": "United States District Court, Northern District of New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Shields v. First Financial", "url": "/documents/1435/Raymond_Alan_Shields_v._First_Financial_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Doe v. Roe, No. M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV (Tenn. Ct. App. 2019) in Plaintiffs Motion for Limited Discovery Pg. 5. There is no Doe v. Roe case in the Tennessee Court of Appeals in 2019 and No. M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV returns Jones v.\nJones, No. M201801746COAR3CV, 2019 WL 1036077 (Tenn. Ct. App. Mar. 5, \n2019). || Fabricated: Case Law | Nandigam Neurology, PLC v. Beavers, No. M2021-01280-COA-R9-CV, 2022 WLE 1512346, at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. May 13, 2022) in Plaintiffs Response to Defendant’s Motion to Compel Pg. 2. There is a Nandigam Neurology, PLC v. Beavers, 639 S.W.3d 651 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2021), but neither 2022 WL 1512346 nor No. M2021-01280-COA-R9-CV return any case in Tennessee. || Fabricated: Legal Norm || Fabricated: Case Law | Doe v. Roe, 477 S.W.3d 321, 326 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2015) in /<7 Pg. 4. There is no Doe v. Roe in the Tennessee Court of Appeals in 2015 and the reporter number corresponds to Ford v. State, 477 S.W.3d 321 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015). || Fabricated: Case Law | Schultz v. Davis, 495 S.W.3d 821, 827 (Tenn. 2016) in Plaintiffs Motion to Amend Pg. 4. There is no Schultz v. Davis case in 2016 and the reporter number corresponds to State v. Dixon, 495 S.W.3d 812 (Mo. Ct. App. 2016). || Fabricated: Case Law | Vincent v. Yelverton, 194 F. App'x 303, 307 (6th Cir. 2006) in Id Pg. 4. There is no Vincent v. Yelverton in the 6th Circuit in 2006 and the reporter number corresponds to United States v. Younes, 194 F. App'x 302 (6th Cir. 2006)", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "希尔兹诉第一金融", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Doe 诉 Roe，原告有限发现动议第 M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV（田纳西州申请 2019）。 5. 田纳西州上诉法院 2019 年没有 Doe v. Roe 案件，且 M2018-01746-COA-R3-CV 号返回 Jones v. Roe 案。\nJones，编号 M201801746COAR3CV，2019 WL 1036077（田纳西州应用程序。3 月 5 日， \n2019）。 ||捏造：判例法| Nandigam Neurology, PLC v. Beavers，No. M2021-01280-COA-R9-CV，2022 WLE 1512346，at *5（田纳西州应用程序，2022 年 5 月 13 日），原告对被告强制动议的回应2. Nandigam Neurology, PLC v. Beavers, 639 S.W.3d 651 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2021)，但 2022 WL 1512346 和 No. M2021-01280-COA-R9-CV 均未返回田纳西州的任何病例。 ||捏造：法律规范||捏造：判例法| Doe v. Roe, 477 S.W.3d 321, 326（Tenn. Ct. App. 2015），/<7 页。 4. 2015 年田纳西州上诉法院没有 Doe v. Roe 案，报告者编号对应于 Ford v. State, 477 S.W.3d 321 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015)。 ||捏造：判例法|舒尔茨诉戴维斯 (Schultz v. Davis)，495 S.W.3d 821, 827（田纳西州，2016 年），原告修改第 12 页的动议。 4. 2016 年没有 Schultz v. Davis 案件，报告人编号对应于 State v. Dixon, 495 S.W.3d 812 (Mo. Ct. App. 2016)。 ||捏造：判例法| Vincent 诉 Yelverton，194 F. App'x 303, 307（第 6 巡回法院，2006 年），见同上页。 4. 2006 年第六巡回法院没有 Vincent v. Yelverton 案，报告人编号对应 United States v. Younes, 194 F. App'x 302 (6th Cir. 2006)", "court": "Tennessee", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "In re Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1065/Jackson_Hospital__Clinic_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found pervasive fabricated citations in Progressive's Motion to Reconsider after comparing cited authorities to the arguments. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court identified false quotations attributed to legal authorities in the Motion to Reconsider (misstated or invented quotations). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Court found misleading and misrepresented statements of legal authority and doctrine in Progressive's filings, consistent with objections from DIP Lender and Debtors.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc. 等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在将引用的权威与论点进行比较后，法院发现进步的重新考虑动议中普遍存在伪造的引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院在重新考虑动议中发现了法律当局的虚假引文（错误陈述或捏造的引文）。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|法院发现 Progressive 的文件中对法律权威和原则的陈述具有误导性和歪曲性，这与 DIP 贷款人和债务人的反对意见一致。", "court": "M.D. Alabama (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Public Reprimand; Revocation of pro hac vice privileges; Order to Serve Order on Clients; Diffusion of Order to Counsel's Bars", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Ekeocha v. U.S. Department of State", "url": "/documents/1058/Ekeocha_v._US_State_Department_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Opposition cites \"Litvin v. Blinken, 93 F.4th 1162, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2024)\", which the Court found does not appear to exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's Opposition attributes a quotation to Nine Iraqi Allies... v. Kerry, 168 F. Supp. 3d 268, 289 (D.D.C. 2016) that does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ekeocha 诉美国国务院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见引用了“Litvin v. Blinken, 93 F.4th 1162, 1168 (D.C. Cir. 2024)”，法院认为该诉讼似乎不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告的反对派引用了九个伊拉克盟友的引文……诉克里，168 F. Supp。 3d 268, 289 (D.D.C. 2016) 没有出现在该意见中。", "court": "U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia (D.D.C.)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "In re Bryant", "url": "/documents/1059/In_re_Bryant_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors cited a non-existent case 'Harrison v. Hinson, 338, 352 S.E.2d 836 (1987)'; Court noted no such citation exists and that the likely intended case (Harris v. Hinson) is inapposite to Debtors' proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors cited 'In re Weiman, 22 F.3d 135 (7th Cir. 1994)', but the case and caption are incorrect (the cited opinion corresponds to Kirk v. Fed. Prop. Mgmt. Corp.); Court found the citation does not support Debtors' proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors relied on 'In re Schmid, No. 10-12142, 2013 WL 4835463 (Bankr. W.D. Wis. Sept. 5, 2013)', which the Court found is not an authentic Westlaw citation as presented and whose orders do not support Debtors' asserted proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Debtors attributed a quotation to In re Symington, 209 B.R. 678, 689 (Bankr. D. Md. 1997) that does not appear in that opinion; Court identified the misquote. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Debtors cited 'Pulley v. Pulley, 254 N.C. 714 (1961)' — citation is inaccurate though the underlying case exists and the Court corrected the proper citation and discussed its limited relevance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于布莱恩特", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人引用了一个不存在的案例“Harrison v. Hinson, 338, 352 S.E.2d 836 (1987)”；法院指出不存在此类引证，并且可能预期的案件（哈里斯诉辛森案）与债务人的主张不合适。 ||捏造：判例法|债务人引用了“In re Weiman, 22 F.3d 135 (7th Cir. 1994)”，但案例和标题不正确（所引用的意见对应于 Kirk v. Fed. Prop. Mgmt. Corp.）；法院认为该传票不支持债务人的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|债务人依赖于“In re Schmid, No. 10-12142, 2013 WL 4835463 (Bankr. W.D. Wis. Sept. 5, 2013)”，法院认为这不是真实的 Westlaw 引文，其命令也不支持债务人所主张的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|债务人引用了 In re Symington, 209 B.R. 的引述。 678, 689 (Bankr. D. Md. 1997) 没有出现在该意见中；法院认定了错误引用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|债务人引用了“Pulley v. Pulley, 254 N.C. 714 (1961)”——尽管基本案件存在，但引用并不准确，法院更正了正确的引用并讨论了其有限的相关性。", "court": "M.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Robbin Y. Miller v. Andrew Stuart", "url": "/documents/1022/Miller_v._Stuart_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Succession of Faget' as '838 So.2d 86 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2003)', but that citation does not appear and does not support the proposition she attributed to it; court noted the inaccuracy.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗宾·Y·米勒诉安德鲁·斯图尔特", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人将“Faget 的继承”引用为“838 So.2d 86 (La. App. 5 Cir. 2003)”，但该引文并未出现，也不支持她所归因的主张；法院指出了这一不准确之处。", "court": "CA 5th Circuit", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Richard LaRoche v. Darla Sterett (LaRoche)", "url": "/documents/1033/Richard_LaRoche_v_Darla_Sterett_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief included a purported quotation attributed to Sprague v. Nally that does not appear in the opinion; counsel admitted the language originated from an AI 'helper' and failed to verify it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "理查德·拉罗什诉达拉·斯特雷特 (拉罗什)", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|简报中包含了据称是斯普拉格诉纳利案的引文，但该引文并未出现在意见中；律师承认该语言源自人工智能“助手”，但未能核实。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to file order in all pending Vermont Superior Court cases where Counsel appears", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Nathan Strong v. The United States", "url": "/documents/1016/Strong_v._USA_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted the MSPB decision as saying \"such claims must be brought in another forum,\" but the quote does not appear in Strong v. Office of Special Counsel, No. DC-1221-23-0052-W-1, 2023 MSPB LEXIS 106; court independently verified the misquote. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed two statements to Stovall v. United States that do not appear in that opinion; court noted the statements are not in 71 Fed. Cl. 696 (2006). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case, \"Brands v. United States,\" which the court found to be fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Government identified (and court independently verified) several other non-existent cases cited throughout plaintiff's filings (the government flagged eight such citations).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "内森·斯特朗诉美国", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 MSPB 的裁决称“此类索赔必须在另一个论坛提出”，但该引述并未出现在 Strong v. Office of Special Counsel, No. DC-1221-23-0052-W-1, 2023 MSPB LEXIS 106 中；法院独立核实了错误引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将斯托瓦尔诉美国案中的两项陈述归咎于该意见中未出现的两项陈述；法院指出，这些声明并非在美联储第 71 次会议上发表。克莱。 696（2006）。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“品牌诉美国”，法院认为该案件是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|政府确定了（并由法院独立核实）原告文件中引用的其他几个不存在的案例（政府标记了八个此类引用）。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Interest of M. O. W.", "url": "/documents/1029/Interest_of_M_O_W_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included multiple case citations that the court determined do not exist (apparently AI‑fabricated case law). The court expressly stated these cases 'do not exist.' || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited existing cases that the court found did not support the legal propositions he asserted (misrepresented precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "M. O. W. 的兴趣", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的案情摘要包括法院确定不存在的多个案例引用（显然是人工智能捏造的判例法）。法院明确表示这些案件“不存在”。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了法院认为不支持他所主张的法律主张的现有案例（歪曲先例）。", "court": "CA Texas, Austin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Rivera Carrasquillo v. USA", "url": "/documents/1028/Rivera-Carrasquillo_v._USA_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel attributed a purported statement to Smith v. Phillips claiming the Court 'insisted' juror-bias inquiry cannot proceed without identifying the juror; the court found no such statement in Smith and called the citation misleading. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel included a non-existent quotation attributed to United States v. Paniagua-Ramos in support of limited disclosure of juror numerical identifiers; the court found Paniagua-Ramos does not address that subject and the quote was not present in the cited opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "里维拉·卡拉斯奎略诉美国", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|律师将史密斯诉菲利普斯案的一份据称声明归咎于法院“坚持”陪审员偏见调查不能在没有确定陪审员身份的情况下进行；法院认为史密斯没有这样的陈述，并称该传票具有误导性。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了美国诉帕尼亚瓜-拉莫斯案中不存在的引文，以支持有限披露陪审员数字标识符；法院认为帕尼亚瓜-拉莫斯没有解决这个问题，并且引用的内容也没有出现在引用的意见中。", "court": "D. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Kheir v. Titan Team, The Money Source Inc., and Auction.com", "url": "/documents/978/Kheir_v._Titan_Team_The_Money_Source__Auction.com_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Brasher v. Stewart; Court found no such case and the citation points to an unrelated Sabine Pilot Serv. decision; quoted text not present. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to Reinagel; Court found the quoted text does not appear in Reinagel and the actual holding differs. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a definitive statement about 'void assignments' to Morlock; Court found the quoted language not present and that Morlock addressed non-borrower standing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed liability language to Miller regarding trustee liability under Tex. Prop. Code §51.007(f); Court found Miller did not contain that language or interpret §51.007(f). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Slaughter v. Qualls for a requirement tied to the Texas Property Code; Court noted the Texas Property Code was not enacted until 1984 and the quoted text is not in Slaughter. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited DTND Sierra Invs., LLC v. BNY Mellon; Court found no such decision at the cited reporter/location and the citation corresponded to unrelated authority; quoted language not found. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Gossett v. Fed. Home Loan Mortg. Corp. with a quoted passage; Court found the quoted text not present in the actual Gossett decision and the citation did not support the quoted language.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kheir 诉 Titan Team、The Money Source Inc. 和 Auction.com", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了布拉舍诉斯图尔特案；法院没有发现此类案件，并且传票指向无关的萨宾飞行员服务。决定;引用的文字不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了雷纳格尔的言论；法院发现 Reinagel 中并未出现所引用的文本，且实际持有内容有所不同。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将有关“无效转让”的明确声明归咎于莫洛克；法院认为所引用的语言不存在，并且莫洛克谈到了非借款人资格。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将责任语言归因于米勒关于《德克萨斯州提案法》第 §51.007(f) 条下的受托人责任的责任语言；法院认定 Miller 不包含该语言或解释 §51.007(f)。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引 Slaughter v. Qualls 案作为与《德克萨斯州财产法》相关的要求；法院指出，《德克萨斯州财产法》直到 1984 年才颁布，并且《斯劳特》中并未引用文本。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了 DTND Sierra Invs., LLC 诉 BNY Mellon 案；法院在所引用的记者/地点没有发现此类决定，并且该引文对应于不相关的权威机构；未找到引用的语言。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了戈塞特诉美联储案。房屋贷款抵押。 Corp. 带有引用的段落；法院发现戈塞特的实际判决中不存在引用的文本，并且引文不支持引用的语言。", "court": "S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; 6 hours CLE on generative AI; provide order to client; Bar referral.", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Richard Louis Pazdernik, Jr.", "url": "/documents/1277/25-1618_R._Pazdernik_public_reprimand_order.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "律师纪律委员会诉小理查德·路易斯·帕兹德尼克 (Richard Louis Pazdernik, Jr.)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法||歪曲事实：判例法", "court": "Iowa Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Public reprimand", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Kaleb Alexander Hoosier v. Executive Centre Association, et al.", "url": "/documents/1001/Hoosier_v._Executive_Centre_Association_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Complaint cites \"ROH § 14-1\" in support of a \"public easement sidewalk\" proposition; court noted ROH § 14-1 actually concerns use of Polynesian plants and does not support the cited proposition. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Complaint cites \"ROH § 29-7.2\" for the proposition that intentional confinement via trespass is unlawful; the court found no such section and observed ROH ch.29 pertains to affordable housing. || Fabricated: Case Law | \"Blair v. City of Honolulu\" cited in the complaint but does not appear to exist; court flagged it as likely fictitious.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kaleb Alexander Hoosier 诉行政中心协会等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：法律规范|诉状援引“ROH § 14-1”来支持“公共地役权人行道”主张；法院指出，ROH § 14-1 实际上涉及波利尼西亚植物的使用，并不支持所引用的主张。 ||捏造：法律规范|诉状援引“ROH § 29-7.2”来主张通过侵入故意限制他人是非法的；法院认为不存在此类条款，并观察到 ​​ROH 第 29 章涉及经济适用房。 ||捏造：判例法|诉状中引用了“布莱尔诉檀香山市”案，但该案似乎并不存在；法院将其标记为可能是虚构的。", "court": "D. Hawai‘i", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "In re: Pamela Williams", "url": "/documents/970/In_re_Pamela_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'White v. Bank of America, 291 Ga. 367 (2012)'; the Court was unable to locate this case and described the citation as incorrect and possibly the product of an AI 'hallucination.'", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：帕梅拉·威廉姆斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人援引“White v. Bank of America, 291 Ga. 367 (2012)”；法院无法找到此案，并称该引文不正确，可能是人工智能“幻觉”的产物。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "In re: Loletha Hale, Esq. (Boston v. Williams)", "url": "/documents/1012/Boston_et_al._v._Williams_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Scanlan v. Tate Supply, Inc., 303 Ga. App. 9 (2010) as holding due diligence in service is a jury question; court found Scanlan holds the opposite (diligence is for the trial court). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Akuoko v. Martin, 298 Ga. App. 364 (2009) as supporting that due diligence is a jury question; court noted Akuoko actually treats diligence as a question for the trial court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited Jenkins v. Roper, 313 Ga. App. 189 (2011); court found no such case at that citation and treated it as a non-existent/miscited authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：Loletha Hale，Esq。 （波士顿诉威廉姆斯）", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Scanlan 诉 Tate Supply, Inc.，303 Ga. App。 9 (2010) 因为在服务中进行尽职调查是一个陪审团问题；法院发现斯坎兰的观点相反（初审法院应尽职尽责）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了 Akuoko 诉 Martin，298 Ga. App。 364 (2009) 支持尽职调查是陪审团问题；法院指出，Akuoko 实际上将尽职调查视为初审法院的一个问题。 ||捏造：判例法|引用 Jenkins 诉 Roper，313 Ga. App。 189（2011）；法院在该传票中没有发现此类案件，并将其视为不存在/错误的权威。", "court": "N.D. Georgia (Atlanta Division)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to notify clients; Order to file this opinion in all new cases for five years", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "title": "In re: Sherry Ann McGann", "url": "/documents/967/In_re_Sherry_Ann_Mcgann_USA_27_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor repeatedly cited 'In re Smith, 582 B.R. 1 (Bankr. D.D.C. 2018)'; court found this citation does not exist and that the reporter/volume corresponds to In re Lockhart, 582 B.R. 1 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018), which does not support Debtor's proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：雪莉·安·麦甘", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人多次引用“In re Smith, 582 B.R.” 1（Bankr.D.D.C.2018）'；法院认为该引文不存在，并且报告者/卷对应于 In re Lockhart, 582 B.R. 1（Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2018），不支持债务人的主张。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "Appeals of Huffman Construction, LLC", "url": "/documents/1040/Huffman_Construction_LLC_Hamady_10.23.25_Non-Disp_Decision.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent ASBCA decision and incorrect reporter pin (case not found and reporter entry refers to a different appeal). Board could not find ASBCA No. 29708 as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a case name that does not correspond to the reporter entry and appears not to exist in ASBCA decisions identified by the Board. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Grumman Aerospace with an incorrect reporter citation and relied on the citation for a proposition not supported by the actual decisions the Board located. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Relied on a reporter entry and ASBCA reference that did not support the asserted rule; Board found the cited reporter entry involved different parties/subjects. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited a reporter entry and case (Env’t Safety Consultants) that either was the wrong reporter or did not support the claimed legal proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited a federal appellate decision for a proposition about burden shifting though the cited page discusses a different doctrine; the case did not support the claimed rule. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Cited transcript pages as containing expert testimony that the Board found were testimony of a different witness and did not support the asserted facts. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Cited transcript pages as supporting factual assertions, but the cited pages discuss unrelated topics; Board found the transcript did not contain the alleged testimony. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Cited non-existent transcript pages (pages contain reporter certificates or are beyond transcript length) to support factual claims. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Cited transcript pages that do not exist (volume ends earlier) to attribute concessions to the contracting officer; Board noted the pages cited were beyond the transcript's length.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "霍夫曼建筑有限责任公司的上诉", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用了不存在的 ASBCA 决定和不正确的报告者密码（未找到案例且报告者条目涉及不同的上诉）。委员会找不到所引用的 ASBCA No. 29708。 ||捏造：判例法|引用的案例名称与报告者条目不符，并且似乎不存在于委员会确定的 ASBCA 决定中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了格鲁曼航空航天公司错误的记者引文，并依赖该引文提出了不受委员会实际决定支持的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|依赖于不支持所主张规则的报告者条目和 ASBCA 参考资料；委员会发现所引用的记者条目涉及不同的团体/主题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了一个记者的条目和案例（Env’t Safety Consultants），要么是错误的记者，要么不支持所声称的法律主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|尽管引用的页面讨论了不同的原则，但引用了联邦上诉法院关于负担转移提案的判决；该案不支持所主张的规则。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |引用的文字记录页面包含委员会认为是另一位证人的证词的专家证词，并且不支持所声称的事实。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |引用的抄本页面支持事实断言，但引用的页面讨论了不相关的主题；委员会发现笔录不包含所谓的证词。 ||制作：展览和提交|引用不存在的文字记录页面（包含记者证书或超出文字记录长度的页面）来支持事实主张。 ||制作：展览和提交|引用不存在的成绩单页面（本卷较早结束），以将让步归因于签约官员；董事会指出，所引用的页面超出了文字记录的长度。", "court": "Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Reply brief struck in its entirety", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "McCaster v. United States", "url": "/documents/1043/McCaster_v._USA_USA_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'R.D. Bennett Constr. Co. v. United States, 157 Ct. Cl. 196, 206 (1962)'; the Court noted the reporter citation corresponds to Lipp v. United States, 157 Ct. Cl. 197 (1962), and admonished the plaintiff.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦卡斯特诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例“R.D.”贝内特建设。 Co.诉美国，157 Ct。克莱。 196, 206 (1962)';法院指出，记者的引文对应于 Lipp v. United States, 157 Ct.克莱。 197（1962），并告诫原告。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Alexandria Jones v. DC Office of Unified Communications", "url": "/documents/906/Jones_v._DC_Office_of_Unified_Communication_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed quotations to cases that do not contain the quoted material; the court observed these nonexistent quotations and linked them to apparent AI reliance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚历山大·琼斯诉华盛顿特区统一通信办公室", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|律师将引述归因于不包含所引述材料的案件；法院观察到了这些不存在的引文，并将它们与明显的人工智能依赖联系起来。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "FCA US LLC v. Stan Steele/Steele Services", "url": "/documents/994/FCA_US_LLC_v_STAN_STEELESTEELE_SERVICES_Arbitration_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Response included a quotation purportedly from a UDRP decision that does not appear in the cited decision; Panel found the quote to be fake and was alerted by Complainant. || False Quotes: Case Law | Response cited a second UDRP decision with alleged quotations that likewise do not appear in that decision; Panel described both as 'fake quotes' and noted possible AI-assisted research as a cause.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "FCA US LLC 诉 Stan Steele/Steele Services", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|回复中包含据称来自 UDRP 决定的引述，但该决定并未出现在所引用的决定中；专家组发现该报价是假的，并向投诉人发出了警报。 ||虚假引述：判例法|回复引用了第二项 UDRP 决定，其中包含同样未出现在该决定中的涉嫌引文；专家小组将两者描述为“虚假报价”，并指出可能的人工智能辅助研究是一个原因。", "court": "National Arbitration Forum (UDRP)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "N-BAR Trade v. Amazon", "url": "/documents/905/N-BAR_Trade_et_al_v._Amazon.com_Services_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed increasing reliance on AI leading to nonexistent citations and noted Plaintiffs' filing contained citations/quotations that appear fabricated or nonexistent; court advised counsel this is unacceptable and may prompt sanctions if case returns. || False Quotes: Case Law | Opposing party (Amazon) could not locate several quotations cited in Plaintiffs' Opposition; court found the quotations do not actually appear in the cases attributed and warned counsel against submitting nonexistent quotations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "N-BAR Trade 诉亚马逊", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院观察到对人工智能的日益依赖导致了不存在的引文，并指出原告的文件中包含看似捏造或不存在的引文/引文；法院告知律师，这是不可接受的，如果案件返回，可能会受到制裁。 ||虚假引述：判例法|对方（亚马逊）无法找到原告异议中引用的几条引文；法院发现这些引文实际上并未出现在所归属的案件中，并警告律师不要提交不存在的引文。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Tippecanoe County Assessor v. Craig Goergen", "url": "/documents/892/Tippecanoe_County_Assessor_v._Al._USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited a non-existent case, 'Hamilton Cnty. Assessor v. Allisonville Rd. P’ship, 170 N.E.3d 1117 (Ind. Tax Ct. 2021)'; the Court found the case does not exist and noted it likely arose from an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒂珀卡努县评估员诉克雷格·格尔根 (Craig Goergen)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了一个不存在的案例“汉密尔顿县”。评估员诉艾利森维尔路。 P’ship，170 N.E.3d 1117（Ind. Tax Ct. 2021）’；法院认定此案不存在，并指出这很可能是由人工智能幻觉引起的。", "court": "Indiana Tax Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "title": "Conrad Smith et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al.", "url": "/documents/885/Smith_v._Trump_USA_16_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Opposition contained multiple fabricated Local Civil Rule citations (e.g., “Civil Procedure Rule 104 (7)-(8)”, “D.D.C. local Rule 104(7)”, “D.D.C. Rule 8(a)”, “L.R. 104.8”); court found these rules do not exist. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Opposition included fabricated block quotations purporting to recite the text of “D.D.C. local Rule 104(7)” and “D.D.C. Rule 8(a)”; court observed the quoted rules do not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "康拉德·史密斯等人。诉唐纳德·J·特朗普等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|反对意见包含多处捏造的地方民事规则引文（例如，“民事诉讼程序规则 104 (7)-(8)”、“D.D.C. 地方规则 104(7)”、“D.D.C. 规则 8(a)”、“L.R. 104.8”）；法院发现这些规则并不存在。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|反对意见包括捏造大段引文，声称背诵“D.D.C. 当地规则 104(7)”和“D.D.C. 规则 8(a)”的文本；法院认为所引用的规则并不存在。", "court": "D.C. D.C.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Polinski v. USA", "url": "/documents/876/Polinski_v._USA_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Shearson Lehman Bros., Inc. v. Wasatch Bank, 788 P.2d 514 (Utah 1990)' in his Emergency Motion for Declaratory Judgment; the court found no such case and noted the citation appears fictitious and may relate to City of Monticello v. Christensen, 788 P.2d 513 (Utah 1990). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ivey v. United States, 2019 WL 2080027 (Fed. Cl. 2019)' in his Emergency Motion to Recognize and Enforce Express Trust; the court found that citation does not lead to any actual document and treated it as a fabricated authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Self v. Ray, 61 F.R.D. 666 (E.D. Ark. 1974)'; the court stated the citation actually corresponds to Young v. Trailwood Lakes, Inc., 61 F.R.D. 666 (E.D. Ky. 1974), indicating a misattributed or fictional citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波林斯基诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在其声明性判决紧急动议中引用了“Shearson Lehman Bros., Inc. v. Wasatch Bank, 788 P.2d 514 (Utah 1990)”；法院没有发现此类案件，并指出该引文似乎是虚构的，可能与 City of Monticello v. Christensen, 788 P.2d 513 (Utah 1990) 有关。 ||捏造：判例法|原告在其承认和执行 Express Trust 的紧急动议中引用了“Ivey 诉美国，2019 WL 2080027 (Fed. Cl. 2019)”；法院认为，引用并不能得出任何实际文件，并将其视为捏造的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Self v. Ray, 61 F.R.D.” 666（E.D.方舟，1974）'；法院表示，该传票实际上对应于 Young v. Trailwood Lakes, Inc., 61 F.R.D. 666 (E.D. Ky. 1974)，表明引用错误或虚构。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "Souders v. Lazor", "url": "/documents/864/Souders.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'White v. Gainer, No. 06-C-367, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 27813 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 9, 2007)'; the court stated that this case does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court observed that a majority of cases cited by appellant 'either do not exist or do not stand for what he claims they do,' indicating multiple nonexisting or misrepresented citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "苏德斯诉拉佐尔案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“White v. Gainer”，第 06-C-367 号，2007 年美国区。 LEXIS 27813（伊利诺伊州北区，2007 年 4 月 9 日）'；法院表示，本案不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院观察到，上诉人引用的大多数案例“要么不存在，要么不代表他所声称的内容”，这表明存在多个不存在或歪曲的引用。", "court": "Ohio CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court rejected reliance on the cited authorities", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "In the Matter of Stephen C.", "url": "/documents/1436/GOODMAN_10-07-25_8461-RELO__STEPHEN_C_DECISION.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Claimant cited several inapplicable/unspecified regulations to support reimbursement; when asked to provide the text he admitted the citations were generated by AI and withdrew reliance on them (retaining only JTR 053710).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于斯蒂芬·C.", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|索赔人引用了几项不适用/未明确的规定来支持报销；当被要求提供文本时，他承认引文是由人工智能生成的，并不再依赖它们（仅保留 JTR 053710）。", "court": "CBCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Claim denied; reimbursement of moving costs denied.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-03", "title": "Smith v. Athena Construction Group, Inc.", "url": "/documents/850/SMITH_v_ATHENA_CONSTRUCTION_GROUP_INC__dcdce-18-02080__0201.0.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited Simpkins for the proposition that courts in this Circuit routinely reject motions based solely on attorney argument; the court found this to be a false proposition of law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited Morris v. Slappy for a rule requiring diligent attempts to resolve conflicts before seeking a continuance; the court found this to be a false proposition of law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited United States v. Burton for the holding that continuances may be denied if circumstances are foreseeable or self-imposed; the court found this to be a false proposition of law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited De Aguilar v. Boeing Co. as affirming authority to condition extensions on mediation; the court found this to be a false proposition of law. || False Quotes: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n quoted Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp. for the statement that unsworn statements by counsel are not evidence; the court found the quotation fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n quoted United States v. Poston for a requirement that continuances be supported by a firm basis in the record; the court found the quotation fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n quoted United States v. Burton for the statement that a scheduling conflict alone is insufficient for a continuance; the court found the quotation fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n quoted United States v. Johnson for the notion that dilatory conduct against settlement efforts weighs against continuances; the court found the quotation fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Pl.'s Opp'n cited United States v. Jorgensen, which the court determined does not exist, and paired it with a fabricated quotation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "史密斯诉雅典娜建筑集团有限公司", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了辛普金斯的观点，即本巡回法院通常会仅根据律师的论点驳回动议；法院认为这是一个虚假的法律命题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 援引莫里斯诉斯拉皮案 (Morris v. Slappy) 为例，该规则要求在寻求延续之前努力解决冲突；法院认为这是一个虚假的法律命题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了 United States v. Burton 案，认为如果情况是可预见的或自行强加的，则可以拒绝继续审理；法院认为这是一个虚假的法律命题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 援引德阿吉拉尔诉波音公司一案确认了延长调解期限的权力；法院认为这是一个虚假的法律命题。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了 Doe 诉埃克森美孚公司 (Doe v. Exxon Mobil Corp.) 的声明，称律师未经宣誓的陈述不是证据；法院认为该报价是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了 United States v. Poston 的案例，要求延续必须得到记录中坚实基础的支持；法院认为该报价是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Pl.'s Opp'n 援引 United States v. Burton 的声明称，仅日程安排冲突不足以维持延续；法院认为该报价是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了美国诉约翰逊案 (United States v. Johnson) 的观点，即反对和解努力的拖延行为不利于继续下去；法院认为该报价是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法| Pl. 的 Opp'n 引用了法院认定不存在的《美国诉乔根森案》(United States v. Jorgensen)，并将其与捏造的引文配对。", "court": "D.C. DC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grammarly; ProWritingAid", "outcome": "Costs Order; Order to notify Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "In re: Todd Elliott Koger", "url": "/documents/860/Elliott_Koger_v._Usoroh_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a non-existent case cited by the Kogers—used in their filings to support preclusion/ownership arguments—and noted it appeared fabricated, suggesting AI-generated pleadings and raising Rule 9011 concerns.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：托德·埃利奥特·科格", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院发现了 Koger 夫妇引用的一个不存在的案例（在他们的文件中用于支持排除/所有权论点），并指出该案例似乎是捏造的，表明人工智能生成的诉状并引发了 9011 规则的担忧。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "One-year filing bar.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "Loftong v. Grove Farms", "url": "/documents/1874/Lofton_v._Grove_Farms_USA_26_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel relied on an AI research tool and cited 14 erroneous or non-existent cases in her June 19, 2025 response; Briggs flagged these in its July 1, 2025 rebuttal and the Court found the citations were fabricated or did not support the propositions cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "洛夫通诉格罗夫农场案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告律师依靠人工智能研究工具，在 2025 年 6 月 19 日的答复中引用了 14 个错误或不存在的案例； Briggs 在 2025 年 7 月 1 日的反驳中指出了这些内容，法院发现这些引文是捏造的或不支持所引用的主张。", "court": "Cir. Ct., DeSoto Minnesota", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "FastCase", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; 6 hours CLE; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "7472 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "title": "Oready, LLC (2)", "url": "/documents/815/Oready_881816.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited Trailboss Enterprises, B-417212.2; GAO found no such decision exists and protester’s 'typo' explanation was unpersuasive. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'JRS Staffing Services, B-409407.7, Apr. 2, 2014, 2014 CPD ¶ 116'; GAO found no such B-number and the CPD ¶116 actually corresponds to a different decision (Government and Military Certification Sys., B-409420). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Protester cited Kathpal Technologies, Inc., B-291637.2 claiming it sustained a protest about letters of intent; GAO found the Kathpal decision exists but does not address letters of intent and in fact denied a post-award past-performance challenge. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited System Studies & Simulation, Inc., B-416693; GAO found no such decision exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited JRS Staffing Services, B-409407 to support claim about unstated evaluation criteria; GAO found no decision using that party with B-409407 (B-409407 corresponds to JCMS) and the cited proposition is unsupported.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "奥瑞迪有限责任公司 (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 Trailboss Enterprises，B-417212.2；美国政府问责局发现不存在这样的决定，抗议者的“打字错误”解释缺乏说服力。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“JRS Staffing Services，B-409407.7，2014 年 4 月 2 日，2014 CPD ¶ 116”； GAO 没有发现这样的 B 号，CPD ¶116 实际上对应于不同的决定（政府和军事认证系统，B-409420）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|抗议者引用 Kathpal Technologies, Inc., B-291637.2 声称其对意向书进行了抗议； GAO 发现 Kathpal 的决定存在，但没有涉及意向书，并且事实上否认了获奖后过去表现的质疑。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了 System Studies＆Simulation, Inc., B-416693； GAO 发现不存在这样的决定。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者援引 JRS Staffing Services, B-409407 来支持有关未说明的评估标准的主张； GAO 发现没有使用该方与 B-409407 做出的决定（B-409407 对应于 JCMS），并且所引用的提议不受支持。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Protests dismissed for abuse", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "Puerto Rico Soccer League NFP, Corp., et al. v. Federación Puertorriqueña de Futbol, et al.", "url": "/documents/562/Puerto_Rico_Soccer_League_v._Federacion_USA_10_April_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed to Kevlik that MR 3.7(a)(3) substantial hardship exemption is interpreted broadly to protect against “unnecessary disruption”; court found no mention of MR 3.7 in Kevlik. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Kevlik for “no clear and convincing MR 1.7 conflict”; court found no such language and noted MR 1.7 was not controlling there. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Culebra Enters. as calling disqualification an “extreme sanction” used only after “careful consideration”; court found no such quotes and that the case was about fee sanctions, not disqualification. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimed Culebra Enters. held informed consent cures MR 1.7 conflicts and ethical rules are “flexible” absent systemic harm; court found no such support and noted the case did not address MR 1.7. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Asserted Culebra Enters. deferred disqualification until “actual necessity” of lawyer-witness; court found no such language and that the case allowed pretrial work by a potential witness, not deferral of disqualification. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimed Culebra Enters. defers disqualification until necessity to testify is “clearly established”; court found no such support. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated First Circuit citation to Estrada; correct case is a D.P.R. decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Estrada that disqualification is “not lightly granted”; court found no such quote (only similar general statements). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Estrada for rule that disqualification requires “tangible harm,” not “theoretical risks”; court said this contradicts Estrada’s recognition that potential threats can suffice under the substantially related test. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Fiandaca as requiring “specific instances” of conflict and rejecting “hypothetical scenarios”; court found no such quotes or support. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed to Fiandaca that the First Circuit applies M", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波多黎各足球联盟 NFP, Corp. 等。 v. Federación Puertorriqueña de Futbol 等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|归因于 Kevlik，MR 3.7(a)(3) 实质性困难豁免被广泛解释为防止“不必要的干扰”；法院发现 Kevlik 中没有提及 MR 3.7。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用 Kevlik 的话“没有明确且令人信服的 MR 1.7 冲突”；法院认为不存在此类语言，并指出 MR 1.7 在此不受控制。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用库莱布拉进入。将取消资格称为“极端制裁”，只有在“仔细考虑”后才使用；法院没有发现此类引述，并且该案涉及费用制裁，而不是取消资格。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|声称库莱布拉进入。持有知情同意可以解决 MR 1.7 冲突，并且道德规则在没有系统性损害的情况下是“灵活的”；法院没有发现此类支持，并指出该案没有涉及 MR 1.7。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|断言库莱布拉登场。将取消资格推迟到律师-证人“确实有必要”为止；法院没有发现这样的措辞，并且该案允许潜在证人进行审前工作，而不是推迟取消资格。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|声称库莱布拉进入。推迟取消资格，直至“明确确定”需要作证；法院没有发现此类支持。 ||捏造：判例法|伪造第一巡回法院对埃斯特拉达的罚单；正确的情况是 D.P.R.决定。 ||虚假引述：判例法|埃斯特拉达引用埃斯特拉达的话说，取消资格“不是轻易被授予的”；法院没有发现这样的引述（只有类似的一般性陈述）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用埃斯特拉达的规则，取消资格需要“有形的损害”，而不是“理论上的风险”；法院表示，这与埃斯特拉达承认潜在威胁在实质相关测试下就足够的认识相矛盾。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用Fiandaca要求冲突的“具体实例”并拒绝“假设情景”；法院没有发现此类引用或支持。 ||虚假引述：判例法|归因于 Fiandaca，第一巡回法院适用 M", "court": "D.C. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "24492 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "In re Molina", "url": "/documents/840/In_re_Molina_USA_22_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a disciplinary decision that the Court and opposing counsel could not locate; viewed as a potentially fictitious citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited an E.D.N.Y. opinion that the Court could not locate; treated as a nonexistent citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a California appellate decision the Court could not locate; flagged as potentially fictional. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited an E.D. Cal. opinion that the Court could not find; treated as a possibly fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "莫利纳案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告援引了法院和对方律师无法找到的纪律处分决定；被视为潜在的虚构引文。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了 E.D.N.Y.法院无法找到的意见；被视为不存在的引用。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了法院无法找到的加州上诉裁决；被标记为可能虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被告援引了一名 E.D.卡尔。法院未能找到的意见；被视为可能捏造的引文。", "court": "E.D. New York (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to sworn accuracy of citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "title": "Martin v. Redstone Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/809/Martin_v._Redstone_Federal_Credit_Union.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case as addressing elements of fiduciary duty; the court found the citation does not exist and Westlaw search leads to an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Listed by the court as one of the non-existent authorities cited in the complaint. || Fabricated: Case Law | Identified by the court among the complaint's fake citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Included in the court's list of non-existent cases cited by plaintiff. || Fabricated: Case Law | Flagged by the court as a fake authority relied on in the complaint. || Fabricated: Case Law | One of the non-existent federal court citations the court identified in the complaint. || Fabricated: Case Law | Listed by the court as a fabricated authority cited by plaintiff. || Fabricated: Case Law | Included among the complaint's fake citations identified by the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马丁诉红石联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用此案来解决信托义务的要素；法院发现该引文不存在，Westlaw 搜索得出了一个不相关的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|被法院列为申诉中不存在的当局之一。 ||捏造：判例法|法院在投诉中发现了虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|列入法院原告引用的不存在案件清单。 ||捏造：判例法|法院在申诉中将其标记为虚假权威。 ||捏造：判例法|法院在诉状中指出了一项不存在的联邦法院引文。 ||捏造：判例法|被法院列为原告所援引的捏造权威。 ||捏造：判例法|包括在法院认定的投诉中的虚假引文中。", "court": "N.D Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "Facey v. Fisher, Liane et al.", "url": "/documents/827/Original_Source_Image.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'James v. City of New York, 144 AD3d 604, 605 (1st Dept 2016)'; the court found no case at that citation and the actual James decision (144 A.D.3d 466) does not support counsel's argument. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Board of Mgrs. of 28 Cliff St. Condominium v. Maguire, 191 AD3d 553 (1st Dept 2021)'; the court found no such citation and the actual Board of Managers case (191 A.D.3d 25) does not support the argument cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Xiong v. Knight, 80 A.D.3d 1055 (3d Dept 2011)'; the court found no such case under that caption/citation (citation appears to correspond to a different caption). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Johnson v. Stadtlander, 162 A.D.3d 1580 (4th Dept 2018)'; the court found no case with that caption or citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Facey 诉 Fisher、Liane 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师引用“James v. City of New York, 144 AD3d 604, 605 (1st Dept 2016)”；法院在该传票中没有发现任何案件，并且实际的詹姆斯判决（公元 144 年 3d 466 年）并不支持律师的论点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了“董事会”。 28 Cliff St. Condominium 诉 Maguire，191 AD3d 553（2021 年 1 月 1 日）'；法院没有发现这样的引证，并且实际的管理委员会案件（191 A.D.3d 25）并不支持所引证的论点。 ||捏造：判例法|律师援引“Xiong 诉 Knight，公元 80 年 3 月 1055 年（2011 年 3 月）”；法院在该标题/引文下没有发现此类案件（引文似乎对应于不同的标题）。 ||捏造：判例法|律师援引“Johnson v. Stadtlander，162 A.D.3d 1580（2018 年 4 月 4 日）”；法院没有发现带有该标题或引文的案件。", "court": "NY SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs Order; Disclosure Obligations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "State v. Payne", "url": "https://reason.com/volokh/2026/03/21/georgia-court-order-apparently-included-ai-hallucinated-cases-copied-from-prosecutors-proposed-order/", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "州诉佩恩案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "Georgia SC", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Alleged use discussed later", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "IBS Government Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/744/IBS_Gov._Srvs._881152.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Protester misquoted or misattributed existing GAO decisions in its pleadings; intervenor flagged the misquotes to GAO. Protester acknowledged errors and supplied corrected citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester’s pleadings included citations to GAO decisions that the Office could not locate (nonexistent decisions). The GAO requested copies; protester said errors and provided replacement citations; no sanctions imposed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "IBS 政府服务公司", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|抗议者在诉状中错误引用或错误归因了政府问责局的现有决定；干预者向 GAO 标记了错误引用。抗议者承认错误并提供了更正的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者的诉状包括引用政府问责局无法找到的决定（不存在的决定）。 GAO 要求提供副本；抗议者指出错误并提供替换引文；没有实施任何制裁。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Clerk of the Ct. v. Rangel", "url": "/documents/732/Clerk_of_the_Ct._v._Rangel_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Attorney admitted one cited authority in the answer brief is non-existent; court ordered copies of cited authorities and directed explanation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attorney admitted that 14 cited cases do not contain the quotations attributed to them in the answer brief; court demanded highlighted copies to verify quotations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney admitted the answer brief misstated holdings in nine cited cases and inaccurately summarized many authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ct 的书记员。诉兰格尔", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师承认答辩状中引用的权威人士并不存在；法院下令提供所引用的权威机构的副本并进行指示性解释。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师承认，14个引用的案例不包含答辩摘要中引用的内容；法院要求提供突出显示的副本以验证报价。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师承认，该答案在九个引用的案例中简要错误地陈述了所持有的内容，并且不准确地总结了许多权威。", "court": "Florida CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "title": "In re Richburg", "url": "/documents/731/In_re_Richburg_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited a nonexistent case \"In re Parkdale, LLC\" to support that an LLC's assets are property of a member-debtor's estate; the court determined the case does not exist and was generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited a nonexistent case \"In re Ahn\" for the same proposition; the court determined the citation was fabricated by AI and did not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于里奇堡", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|动议引用了一个不存在的案例“In re Parkdale, LLC”来支持有限责任公司的资产是成员债务人遗产的财产；法院认定该案件不存在，由人工智能生成。 ||捏造：判例法|动议针对同一命题引用了一个不存在的案例“In re Ahn”；法院认定该传票是 AI 捏造的，并不存在。", "court": "South Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Microsoft CoPilot", "outcome": "3 hours of CLE to be proven", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "title": "Takefman v. The Pickleball Club, LLC", "url": "/documents/756/Takefman_v._Pickleball_USA_27_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited a misattributed 'McPartland' citation and used a parenthetical claiming the real order held a particular rule that the court found unsupported by the real opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'Hernandez v. Gilbert' in the initial brief and repeated the citation in the reply after opposing counsel pointed out it was fake. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited another non-existent case 'Scott v. State' in the initial brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塔克夫曼诉匹克球俱乐部有限责任公司", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了错误归属的“麦克帕特兰”引文，并使用了附加说明，声称真实命令持有法院认为不受真实意见支持的特定规则。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人在最初的案情摘要中引用了一个不存在的案件“埃尔南德斯诉吉尔伯特”，并在对方律师指出该案件是假的后在答复中重复了这一引用。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人在最初的简报中引用了另一个不存在的案件“斯科特诉州”。", "court": "Third District Court of Appeal, State of Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-26", "title": "Helgen Industries", "url": "/documents/725/Helgen_881022.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Palmetto GBA, LLC, B-412414.3 (2016)'; the agency and GAO were unable to verify or locate the decision and treated the citation as non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'The Emergence Group, B-400403 (2008)'; the agency and GAO could not find this decision and treated the citation as non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Pacific Sky Supply, Inc., B-203644 (1981)'; GAO notes the B-203644 citation actually corresponds to a different GSA reconsideration decision and the protester's citation was faulty/non-existent in the claimed form. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'American Imaging Services, Inc., B-401942 (2010)'; GAO found the B-401942 citation corresponds to Milani Construction, LLC, and the protester's cited decision was not locatable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "海尔根工业公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“Palmetto GBA, LLC, B-412414.3 (2016)”；该机构和政府问责局无法核实或找到该决定，并将该传票视为不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“The Emergence Group, B-400403 (2008)”；该机构和政府问责局无法找到这一决定，并将该传票视为不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“Pacific Sky Supply, Inc., B-203644 (1981)”； GAO 指出，B-203644 传票实际上对应于不同的 GSA 复议决定，并且抗议者的传票在所声称的形式中是错误的/不存在的。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“American Imaging Services, Inc., B-401942 (2010)”； GAO 发现 B-401942 引用对应于 Milani Construction, LLC，但抗议者引用的决定无法找到。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "title": "Fernando Betancourt Gómez v. Colegio de Profesionales", "url": "/documents/832/Orden_TPI_-_SJ_sanciones.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion attributed a non-existent Suárez v. CMI Caribe, 180 DPR 367, 376 (2010) and quoted the Tribunal Supremo text — court found the citation and quoted text fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Otero-Burgos v. Inter Med Supplies, Inc., 137 DPR 841, 848 (1995) with an attributed Supreme Court quote that does not exist; court found the citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Pérez v. Horizon Lines, 2020 TSPR 61 and attributed a textual quote of the Tribunal Supremo that the court could not locate; found fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Rosado v. ELA, 2004 TSPR 13 and attributed a quotation about Ley 115 that does not appear in the reported decision; court treated the citation as fictitious. || False Quotes: Case Law | Motion relied on Colón v. Romero Barceló, 112 DPR 573 (1982) (a real decision) but attributed a specific quoted formulation that the court determined does not appear in that opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Ramos Lozada v. ELA, 174 DPR 650 (2008) and attributed a quoted formulation on qualified immunity that the court could not find; treated as fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Repeated misnaming of a known U.S. Supreme Court case as 'Ashcroft v. Global, 556 US 662 (2009)' instead of Ashcroft v. Iqbal — court noted this as a likely technological-generation or transcription error.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "费尔南多·贝当古·戈麦斯诉职业学院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|动议归因于不存在的 Suárez v. CMI Caribe, 180 DPR 367, 376 (2010) 并引用了法庭最高文本——法院认为引文和引用的文本是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|动议引用了 Otero-Burgos v. Inter Med Supplies, Inc., 137 DPR 841, 848 (1995)，并附有不存在的最高法院引述；法院认定该传票是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|动议引用了 Pérez v. Horizo​​n Lines, 2020 TSPR 61，并引用了法庭无法找到的最高法庭的文字引述；发现是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法| Motion 引用了 Rosado v. ELA, 2004 TSPR 13，并引用了有关 Ley 115 的引述，但该引述并未出现在报告的判决中；法院认为该传票是虚构的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|动议依赖于 Colón v. Romero Barceló, 112 DPR 573 (1982)（一项真实判决），但归因于法院确定未出现在该意见中的具体引用表述。 ||捏造：判例法|动议引用了 Ramos Lozada v. ELA, 174 DPR 650 (2008)，并引用了法院无法找到的关于合格豁免的引用表述；被视为虚构。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|多次将美国最高法院的一个已知案件错误命名为“Ashcroft v. Global, 556 US 662 (2009)”，而不是“Ashcroft v. Iqbal”——法院指出这可能是技术生成或转录错误。", "court": "Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Trial court imposed a monetary sanction of $1,000 on the lawyers for causing unjustified delay; referred the lawyers to the Puerto Rico Supreme Court for disciplinary evaluation; judge inhibited from cases involving those lawyers and case to be reassigned.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "title": "In re Mascio", "url": "/documents/737/In_re_Mascio_USA_22_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited non-existent 'In re Simpson, 2008 WL 467698 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2008)'; court found no such case and that 2008 WL 467698 corresponds to Roby v. American Airlines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2008); court admonished debtor and cautioned about AI/Rule 11 compliance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于马西奥", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|债务人引用了不存在的“In re Simpson, 2008 WL 467698 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2008)”；法院没有发现此类案件，并且 2008 WL 467698 对应于 Roby v. American Airlines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2008)；法院对债务人进行了训诫，并警告其遵守 AI/规则 11。", "court": "D. Colorado (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "title": "Garces v. Hernandez", "url": "/documents/736/Garces_v._Hernandez_USA_19_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court notes Ermine v. Frank, 655 F.3d 154 (3d Cir. 2011) does not exist though cited to support Garces's argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identifies Miller v. Cap. One Bank, 2008 WL 686798 (N.D. Tex. 2008) as nonexistent authority cited by Garces. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court lists Gulf Islands Leasing, Inc. v. Bombardier Capital, Inc., 215 F.3d 1085 (5th Cir. 2000) among suspect authorities cited by Garces. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court lists Katzenmeier v. Oppenheimer, 535 F. Supp. 2d 983 (S.D. Iowa 2008) as one of many questionable authorities in Garces's briefing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court reports a supposed Noffsinger citation provided only as '273 F. Supp. 3d at 346' which does not appear in the reporters.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加尔塞斯诉埃尔南德斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院指出 Ermine v. Frank, 655 F.3d 154 (3d Cir. 2011) 尽管被引用来支持 Garces 的论点，但并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定米勒诉 Cap。 Garces 引用 One Bank, 2008 WL 686798（N.D. Tex. 2008）作为不存在的权威。 ||捏造：判例法| Garces 引用的可疑机构包括海湾群岛租赁公司诉庞巴迪资本公司案，215 F.3d 1085（5th Cir. 2000）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院列出了 Katzenmeier 诉 Oppenheimer，535 F. Supp。 2d 983（S.D. Iowa 2008）作为 Garces 简报中众多可疑的权威之一。 ||捏造：判例法|法院报告称，一份所谓的诺夫辛格引文仅以“273 F. Supp.”的形式提供。 3d at 346' 没有出现在记者中。", "court": "Fifth Circuit CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment and Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "In re Sonja Helvig DeRosa-Grund", "url": "/documents/719/In_Re_Derosa-Grund_USA_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law || Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "索尼娅·赫尔维格·德罗莎-格伦德案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法 ||虚假引述：判例法 ||捏造：判例法", "court": "S.D. Texas (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice for one year", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "in re: Nasser", "url": "/documents/714/Xu_v._Nasser_In_re_Nasser_USA_15_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs’ Response presented three statutory provisions in block quotations that were actually paraphrases materially different from the statutes. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiffs’ Response included purported quotations from the Complaint that were not actually in the Complaint. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs argued MCL 339.2512c creates a technical trust over property management funds; the Court held the statute imposes duties but does not create an express or technical trust.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：纳赛尔", "description_zh": "虚假报价：法律规范|原告的答复在整体引用中提出了三项法律规定，这些规定实际上与法律的释义存在重大差异。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告的回应包括据称来自投诉的引文，但实际上并非在投诉中。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告辩称，MCL 339.2512c 创建了针对物业管理基金的技术信托；法院认为，该法规规定了义务，但并未建立明示或技术性的信托。", "court": "E.D. Michigan (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "Oready, LLC (1)", "url": "/documents/663/Matter_of_Oready_USA_13_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Protester cited 'Total Health Res., B-414101, Feb. 21, 2017, 2017 CPD ¶ 64,' but GAO noted the accurate decision is Total Health Resources, B-403209, Oct. 4, 2010, 2010 CPD ¶ 226; thus the reference was inaccurate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'BluePath Labs, LLC, B-421791, Aug. 4, 2023,' but GAO found B-421791 is an unpublished Pitney Bowes decision; the BluePath Labs citation does not exist and is irrelevant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Sayres & Assocs. Corp., B-418374.3, July 20, 2020, 2020 CPD ¶ 242,' but GAO stated no such decision exists; the only Sayres decision (B-418374, Mar. 30, 2020) is unrelated and does not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'GTA Containers, Inc., B-411556, Sept. 16, 2015, 2015 CPD ¶ 281,' but GAO explained B-411556 is an unpublished SSI Tech. Inc. decision; the cited GTA Containers decision does not exist and is irrelevant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Protester cited 'Bannum Inc., B-416107.2, June 12, 2018, 2018 CPD ¶ 204,' but GAO found no such B-number exists; none of Bannum’s GAO decisions support the asserted proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "奥瑞迪有限责任公司 (1)", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|抗议者引用了“Total Health Res., B-414101, Feb. 21, 2017, 2017 CPD ¶ 64”，但 GAO 指出，准确的决定是 Total Health Resources, B-403209, Oct. 4, 2010, 2010 CPD ¶ 226；因此，该参考文献是不准确的。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“BluePath Labs, LLC, B-421791，2023 年 8 月 4 日”，但 GAO 发现 B-421791 是 Pitney Bowes 未公布的决定； BluePath Labs 引用不存在且无关紧要。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“Sayres & Assocs”。 Corp.，B-418374.3，2020 年 7 月 20 日，2020 CPD ¶ 242，”但 GAO 表示不存在此类决定；唯一的 Sayres 判决（B-418374，2020 年 3 月 30 日）与该提案无关，也不支持该提案。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用了“GTA Containers, Inc.，B-411556，2015 年 9 月 16 日，2015 CPD ¶ 281”，但 GAO 解释说 B-411556 是一项未发布的 SSI 技术。公司决定；所引用的 GTA Containers 决定不存在且无关紧要。 ||捏造：判例法|抗议者引用“Bannum Inc.，B-416107.2，2018年6月12日，2018 CPD ¶ 204”，但 GAO 发现不存在这样的 B 号；班纳姆的政府问责局决策均不支持所主张的主张。", "court": "GAO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-11", "title": "Hocog v. Cook-Huynh", "url": "/documents/724/Decision_and_Order_Granting_Defendant_Dr._Mariana_Cook-Huynhs_Motion_To_Dismiss.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs cited 7 GCA §10105, which does not exist (likely intended 10 GCA §10105). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs cited 7 GCA §11038(3), which does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Provided quotations attributed to Brown v. Dillard IV, Inc. (430 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2005)) that the court found do not appear in the opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language purportedly from Westcon Construction Corp. v. County of Sacramento (152 Cal. App. 4th 183 (2007)) that the court could not locate in that opinion. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Cited Diaz v. Bukey (195 Cal. App. 4th 315 (2001)) for a proposition without noting the opinion was later vacated by the California Supreme Court; the brief also included an unrelated citation (262 P.3d 1007). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Penthouse Int'l, Ltd. v. Playboy Enters., Inc. (663 F.2d 371 (2d Cir. 1981)) for an estoppel/apparent authority principle that the court found is not discussed in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Referenced 'In re Application of Santos, 2001 Guam 1' but the court explained 2001 Guam 1 is a different criminal case (People v. Chargualaf), indicating a misidentification/mischaracterization. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited 'Lin SHR Construction Co. v. Acetown, Inc., 2023 Guam 18' as a Guam Supreme Court authority though it is a Superior Court matter and 2023 Guam 18 corresponds to an unrelated criminal citation (People v. Aidan).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Hocog 诉 Cook-Huynh", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|原告引用了 7 GCA §10105，但该条并不存在（可能是指 10 GCA §10105）。 ||捏造：法律规范|原告引用了 7 GCA §11038(3)，但该条并不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|提供了法院认为未出现在意见中的 Brown v. Dillard IV, Inc. (430 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2005)) 的引文。 ||虚假引述：判例法|据称引用了 Westcon Construction Corp. v. County of Sacramento (152 Cal. App. 4th 183 (2007)) 中的语言，但法院在该意见中无法找到该语言。 ||过时的建议：推翻判例法|引用 Diaz v. Bukey (195 Cal. App. 4th 315 (2001)) 的提议但未注明意见，后来被加州最高法院撤销；该简报还包括一个不相关的引文（262 P.3d 1007）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了 Penthouse Int'l, Ltd. v. Playboy Enters., Inc. (663 F.2d 371 (2d Cir. 1981)) 的禁止反言/明显权威原则，法院认为该意见中没有讨论该原则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了“In re Application of Santos, 2001 Guam 1”，但法院解释说 2001 Guam 1 是一个不同的刑事案件（People v. Chargualaf），表明存在错误识别/错误描述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|将“Lin SHR Construction Co. v. Acetown, Inc., 2023 Guam 18”引用为关岛最高法院权威，尽管这是高等法院事项，并且 2023 Guam 18 对应于不相关的刑事引证（People v. Aidan）。", "court": "Superior Court of Guam", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Pending", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-04", "title": "Carla Bender 4thdistrict Appellate Ct. v. Julian S.", "url": "/documents/649/Carla_Bender_v._Julian_S._USA_4_August_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Seven cases of fabricated citations || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited \"one nonprecedential order entered pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(b)(eff. Feb. 1, 2023), that existed but did not stand for the propositions of law for which they were cited\". || Fabricated: Case Law | As another instance, Attorney Panichi cited In re D.F., 201 Ill. 2d 476 (2002), in (1) the opening brief for the proposition that \"courts must consider whether a parent's disabilities affect their ability to comply with service plans,\" and (2) the reply brief for the proposition\nthat \"a parent's disabilities must be factored into determinations regarding compliance with services.\"", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡拉·本德 (Carla Bender) 第四区上诉法院诉朱利安·S.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|七起伪造引文案例||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了“根据伊利诺伊州最高法院第 23(b) 条（2023 年 2 月 1 日生效）制定的一项非判例性命令，该命令存在，但不代表其所引用的法律主张”。 ||捏造：判例法|另一个例子是，Panichi 律师在 (1) “法院必须考虑父母的残疾是否影响他们遵守服务计划的能力”这一命题的开场摘要中引用了 In re D.F., 201 Ill. 2d 476 (2002)，以及 (2) 该命题的答复摘要\n“在决定是否遵守服务时必须考虑到父母的残疾情况。”", "court": "Illinois CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions imposed on attorney and report to disciplinary commission", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "Damilola Obembe v. Droisys, Inc.", "url": "/documents/776/Obembe_v._Droisys.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Complainant cited a non-existent regulation '28 C.F.R. § 68.18(e)'; the court found the regulation does not exist and treated the citation as fabricated. || False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Complainant attributed an invented quotation to Chapter 4.2(d) of the OCAHO Practice Manual; the court found the quote appears nowhere in the manual. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant relied on a non-existent precedential OCAHO decision and included fabricated quotations; the court identified the decision as fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion for Reconsideration contained five citations the court described as patently fictitious or clear misrepresentations of decisions and/or regulations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Damilola Obembe 诉 Droisys, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|投诉人引用了一项不存在的法规“28 C.F.R.” § 68.18(e)'；法院认定该规定不存在，并将该传票视为捏造。 ||错误引述：教义工作|投诉人将虚构的引用归因于《OCAHO 实践手册》第 4.2(d) 章；法院发现这句话在手册中没有出现。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉人依据的是不存在的 OCAHO 判例决定，并包含捏造的报价；法院认定该决定是虚构的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|复议动议包含五处引文，法院称这些引文显然是虚构的或对决定和/或法规的明显歪曲。", "court": "OCAHO", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Dismissal with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "Happiness Idehen & Felix Ogieva v. Gloria Stoute-Phillip", "url": "/documents/645/Idehen_v_Stoute-Phillip_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Party said he wanted to cite \"Liggett v. Lew Realty.\" LaSalle\" || Misrepresented: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law | \"Nothing in the Pusatere decision remotely addresses the issues raised in Respondent's motion to dismiss.\" || Misrepresented: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law | \"The next twenty-five pages of the appendix contains the full text of the decision which\ndoes not in any way, shape, or form address [*9]whether the landlord-tenant relationship continues after the property is sold or anything else remotely connected to the issues raised in Respondent's motion to dismiss. Also concerning is that immediately following the full text of the Revis decision on page 58 is another instance of the following statement: \"Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.\"\" || Fabricated: Case Law | Party said it should be Friedman v. Yosef, 2016 N.Y.Misc.LEXIS 384 (App. Term, 2nd Dept. 2016). || Misrepresented: Case Law || Fabricated: Case Law | Party said Vargas v. Sotelo, 2017 NY Slip Op 50417(U)(Civ. Ct., Bronx Cty. 2017) replaced the two fake cases || Fabricated: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law || Misrepresented: Legal Norm || Misrepresented: Case Law || Misrepresented: Legal Norm || Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "幸福·伊德恩和菲利克斯·奥吉瓦诉格洛丽亚·斯托特·菲利普", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|帕蒂说他想引用“Liggett v. Lew Realty”一案。 LaSalle” || 失实陈述：判例法 || 失实陈述：判例法 | “Pusatere 裁决中没有任何内容远程解决被告驳回动议中提出的问题。” || 失实陈述：判例法 || 失实陈述：判例法 | “附录的接下来 25 页包含该决定的全文，其中\n不以任何方式、形式或形式解决 [*9] 房东与租客关系在房产出售后是否继续存在，或与被申请人驳回动议中提出的问题有远程关系的任何其他问题。同样令人担忧的是，紧随第 58 页 Revis 判决全文之后的是以下陈述的另一个实例：“一些案件元数据和案件摘要是在人工智能的帮助下编写的，这可能会产生不准确的情况。在将其用于法律研究目的之前，您应该阅读完整的案件。” || 捏造：判例法 | 当事人表示应该是 Friedman v. Yosef, 2016 N.Y.Misc.LEXIS 384（App.Term, 2016 年第 2 部) || 虚假陈述：判例法 | 当事人表示 Vargas 诉 Sotelo，2017 年纽约州 Slip Op 50417(Civ. Ct., Bronx Cty. 2017) 取代了两个虚假案例 || 虚假陈述：判例法 || 虚假陈述：案例法律 || 误传：法律规范 || 误传：判例法", "court": "N.Y. Civil Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "MS Copilot", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; referral to the Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "In re: Ryan Lashon Ford", "url": "/documents/660/Ryan_Lashon_Ford_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | \"When asked what law she would violate, the Debtor cited 11 U.S.C. § 541, 15 U.S.C. § 114, 17 U.S.C. §§ 504 and 505, 18 U.S.C. § 241, and the Indian Arts and Crafts Act. Of course, there is no section 114 in title 15 of the United States Code.\"", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "回复：瑞安·拉尚·福特", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范| “当被问及她将违反哪条法律时，债务人援引了《美国法典》第 11 条第 541 条、《美国法典》第 15 条第 114 条、《美国法典》第 17 条第 504 条和第 505 条、《美国法典》第 18 条第 241 条以及《印度工艺美术法》。当然，《美国法典》第 15 章中没有第 114 条。”", "court": "W.D. North Carolina (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Contempt findings (on this and other grounds)", "monetary_penalty": "11200 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Everett J. Prescott, Inc. v. Timothy J. Beall", "url": "/documents/640/Prescott_v._Beall_USA_24_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's filings contained fictitious case citations; Court's order to show cause found filings replete with such fabrications. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendant included factitious legal quotations attributed to authorities; Court identified these as false quotations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant mischaracterized legal precedent in his submissions; Court expressly found mischaracterizations. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Defendant mischaracterized rules of civil procedure; Court identified misstatements of procedural rules. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant admitted using AI that generated invented or hallucinated citations and that his prior citations/quotes were inaccurate or improperly sourced.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Everett J. Prescott, Inc. 诉 Timothy J. Beall", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告提交的文件包含虚构的案件引文；法院下令说明理由，发现文件中充满了此类捏造的内容。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告人为地引用了当局提供的法律引文；法院认定这些引文为虚假引文。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告在其陈述中曲解了法律先例；法院明确认定存在错误描述。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|被告错误描述民事诉讼规则；法院认定程序规则存在误述。 ||捏造：判例法|被告承认使用人工智能生成虚构或幻觉的引文，并且他之前的引文/引文不准确或来源不当。", "court": "Maine", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a requirement for future filings to include a written representation of citation accuracy.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "title": "Zajradhara v. NMC", "url": "/documents/642/Northern_Marianas_College_v._Zajradhara_USA_22_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Estate of Tudela to emphasize procedural fairness; Court found the cited paragraph actually states pro se litigants are not excused from following rules. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant claimed Carroll requires injunctions be narrowly tailored to specific harm; Court held this proposition is not illustrated in the case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a CNMI decision that the Court stated does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a U.S. Supreme Court case with a nonexistent citation; Court identified it as nonexistent authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a Fifth Circuit case the Court identified as nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a CNMI case the Court identified as nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a CNMI case the Court identified as nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited an EDNY case that the Court identified as nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zajradhara 诉 NMC", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人援引图德拉遗产案强调程序公平性；法院发现，所引用的段落实际上规定了自诉当事人不能免除遵守规则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人声称卡罗尔要求针对特定伤害制定严格的禁令；法院认为本案中并未说明这一主张。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了北马里亚纳群岛联邦法院的一项裁决，法院称该裁决不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了美国最高法院的一个案例，但引用并不存在；法院认定其为不存在的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了法院认定不存在的第五巡回法院案件。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了法院认定不存在的北马里亚纳群岛联邦案件。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了法院认定不存在的北马里亚纳群岛联邦案件。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了法院认定不存在的 EDNY 案件。", "court": "Supreme Court, Northern Mariana Islands", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed with prejudice; declared vexatious litigant", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "McCarthy v. DEA", "url": "/documents/604/McCarthy_v._US_Mc24-2704-2025-07-21.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication cited to show a flagrant departure from past practice was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Second AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication relied upon for sanction disparity was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Third AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication used to argue inconsistent sanctions was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Fourth AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication supporting the 'flagrant departure' claim was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Fifth AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication proffered to show past agency practice was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Sixth AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication offered to compare penalties was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Seventh AI-generated summary of a DEA adjudication invoked for sanction disparity was inaccurate; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it. || Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated DEA decision cited as supporting precedent does not exist; counsel admitted and the Court declined to consider it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦卡锡诉美国缉毒局", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|人工智能生成的 DEA 裁决摘要显示公然背离过去的做法，但该摘要是不准确的；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|第二次 AI 生成的 DEA 制裁差异裁决摘要不准确；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|第三次由 AI 生成的 DEA 裁决摘要，该裁决用于辩称不一致的制裁是不准确的；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|第四个由人工智能生成的 DEA 裁决摘要（支持“公然离境”主张）不准确；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|人工智能生成的第五份 DEA 裁决摘要显示过去机构的做法不准确；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|人工智能生成的用于比较处罚的 DEA 裁决的第六个摘要不准确；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|人工智能生成的第七次 DEA 因制裁差异而援引的裁决摘要不准确；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。 ||捏造：判例法|被引用作为支持先例的人工智能生成的 DEA 决定并不存在；律师承认了这一点，但法院拒绝考虑。", "court": "3rd Circuit CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Relevant pleadings ignored; Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "In re Boy", "url": "/documents/605/in_re_Boy_USA_July_21_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in briefs; court verified no such docket or decision exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated quote attributed to a nonexistent case; court found no Illinois, other state, or federal decision contains it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case admitted by counsel after rule to show cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case admitted by counsel after rule to show cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case used to support a Faretta inquiry requirement; court noted no Illinois case imposes Faretta in parental rights cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case admitted by counsel after rule to show cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case admitted by counsel after rule to show cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited to support self-representation/de novo review; later 'replacement' case did not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited for ineffective-assistance principles; later 'replacement' case did not support the proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Real case invoked in response as supporting self-representation/de novo review; court found it does not address those issues. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Real case invoked in response as supporting Strickland ineffective-assistance standard; court found it does not discuss ineffective assistance. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quote misattributed to an existing case; court confirmed the case contains no such language and does not discuss incarceration.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在男孩", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|案情摘要中引用的案例不存在；法院核实不存在此类案卷或决定。 ||捏造：判例法|因不存在的案件而捏造的报价；法院发现伊利诺伊州、其他州或联邦的决定均未包含该内容。 ||捏造：判例法|在规则显示原因后，律师承认不存在的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|在规则显示原因后，律师承认不存在的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|用于支持 Faretta 查询要求的案例不存在；法院指出，伊利诺伊州没有在父母权利案件中强加 Faretta 的情况。 ||捏造：判例法|在规则显示原因后，律师承认不存在的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|在规则显示原因后，律师承认不存在的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|引用不存在的案例来支持自我陈述/从头审查；后来的“替换”案并没有支持这一主张。 ||捏造：判例法|不存在因无效援助原则而引用的案例；后来的“替换”案并没有支持这一主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用真实案例作为回应，支持自我陈述/从头审查；法院认为它没有解决这些问题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|援引真实案例作为回应，支持斯特里克兰无效援助标准；法院认为它没有讨论无效的援助。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用错误地归因于现有案例；法院确认该案件不包含此类语言，也没有讨论监禁。", "court": "Illinois AC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Attorney ordered to disgorge payment and pay monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "7925 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "Augustin v. Formula 3 Brooklyn Inc.", "url": "/documents/635/Augustin_v._Formula_3_Brooklyn_Inc._USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent 'Graziano v. County of Nassau' cited to support 'Discovery cannot resuscitate claims'; the citation 202 AD3d 707, 708 actually corresponds to People v Devore (a criminal case), and no Graziano case exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants re-cited the nonexistent 'Graziano' in Point III-F and submitted Exhibit M stating a contradictory 'Graziano' holding; court confirmed no such case exists. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Bellefonte misused to argue that a manager's control undermines employer liability; the case actually addressed summary judgment on alleged fraudulent inducement. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Y.A. v Conair mischaracterized as addressing time-barred claims; it actually concerns denial of leave to amend an answer. || Fabricated: Case Law | Only 'Perez' cited with no identifying details; court could not locate any such case and questioned whether it exists.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "奥古斯丁诉布鲁克林三级方程式公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用不存在的“格拉齐亚诺诉拿骚县”来支持“发现不能恢复主张”；引文 202 AD3d 707, 708 实际上对应于 People v Devore（刑事案件），并且不存在 Graziano 案件。 ||捏造：判例法|被告在第 III-F 点中引用了不存在的“Graziano”，并提交了证物 M，说明了矛盾的“Graziano”主张；法院确认不存在此类案件。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|贝尔方特被误用为经理的控制削弱雇主责任的论点；该案实际上涉及对涉嫌欺诈诱导的简易判决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Y.A. v Conair 被错误地描述为解决时效索赔；它实际上涉及拒绝允许修改答案。 ||捏造：判例法|仅提及“佩雷斯”，但没有具体身份信息；法院无法找到任何此类案件，并质疑其是否存在。", "court": "Supreme Court, Kings County, NY", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Defendants ordered to comply with AI rules; potential financial sanctions pending hearing.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "Hatfield v. Ornelas", "url": "/documents/594/Hatfield_v_7Wnj8QP._Cesar_Ornelas_USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈特菲尔德诉奥内拉斯案", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "In re Marriage of Haibt", "url": "/documents/646/2025-24ca1113.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于海卜特的婚姻", "court": "Colorado CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "In re Eugene Ezra Perkins", "url": "/documents/1784/In_re_perkins.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Debtor described Walters as allowing amendment to retroactively change initial plan payments; court found Walters does not support that claim and was decided before BAPCPA. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Debtor relied on Cobb as supporting delayed payment relief; court found Cobb pre-dated BAPCPA and is distinguishable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited a Vega-Lara citation and described a holding favorable to him; the court found the citation/number mismatched and that there is no Vega-Lara case saying what debtor claimed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Debtor cited 'Segarra-Miranda v. Acosta-Rivera, 597 F.3d 1' but the cited reporter/number corresponds to a different case; court found the citation incorrect/misleading.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于尤金·埃兹拉·帕金斯", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|债务人称沃尔特斯允许修改追溯性地改变初始计划付款；法院认为 Walters 不支持该主张，并由 BAPCPA 做出裁决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|债务人依赖科布支持延迟付款减免；法院认定 Cobb 的日期早于 BAPCPA，并且可以区分。 ||捏造：判例法|债务人引用了 Vega-Lara 的引文，并描述了对他有利的持有情况；法院发现引文/编号不匹配，并且没有 Vega-Lara 案件说明债务人的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|债务人引用了“Segarra-Miranda v. Acosta-Rivera, 597 F.3d 1”，但引用的报告者/号码对应于不同的案例；法院认为引文不正确/具有误导性。", "court": "D. Oregon (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case dismissed; motion to alter or amend denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Smith v. Gamble", "url": "/documents/575/Smith_v._Gamble_USA_7_July_2025.PDF", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "史密斯诉甘布尔案", "court": "Ohio CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Sanctions granted against Father (TBD)", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Matter of Sewell Properties Trust", "url": "/documents/556/Lehr-Guthrie_v._Sewell_USA_3_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | McDonald cited In re Estate of McCreath to claim the trustee’s duty of impartiality cannot be overridden by trust terms; the court noted the case does not address that duty and does not support the proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | McDonald relied on In re Green Valley Financial Holdings for the same duty-of-impartiality proposition; the court explained the case does not reference that duty and does not support his claim. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | McDonald asserted C.R.P.P. 31(c) required filing JDF 942 for a trust accounting; the court held the rule imposes no such requirement and JDF 942 is for decedents’ estates. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | The trustee invoked § 15-12-903 to authorize a surcharge against a trust distribution; the court held that statute applies to wills, not trusts.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "休厄尔地产信托事务", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|麦克唐纳在麦克雷思遗产案中引用了该案，声称受托人的公正性义务不能被信托条款推翻；法院指出，该案没有涉及这一义务，也不支持这一主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|麦当劳依靠 In re Green Valley Financial Holdings 提出同样的公正义务主张；法院解释说，该案没有提及该义务，也不支持他的主张。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|麦克唐纳声称 C.R.P.P. 31(c) 需要提交 JDF 942 进行信托会计；法院认为该规则没有施加此类要求，并且 JDF 942 适用于死者的遗产。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|受托人援引 § 15-12-903 授权对信托分配征收附加费；法院认为，法规适用于遗嘱，而不是信托。", "court": "Colorado Court of Appeals", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Angela and Theodore Chagnon v. Holly Nelson", "url": "/documents/563/Chagnon_v._Nelson_USA_2_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Finch v. Smith as authority; the court found it is not a real case, indicating AI-fabricated precedent. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Defendant invoked Twombly's plausibility standard; the court noted Wyoming has not adopted that standard.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安吉拉·查格农 (Angela Chagnon) 和西奥多·查格农 (Theodore Chagnon) 诉霍莉·尼尔森 (Holly Nelson)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告援引芬奇诉史密斯案作为权威；法院认定这不是真实案件，说明这是人工智能捏造的先例。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|被告援引了托姆布雷的合理性标准；法院指出怀俄明州尚未采用该标准。", "court": "Chancery Court of Wyoming", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause issued; potential striking of motion", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Benjamin Gamble v. Ho-Chunk Nation Election Board", "url": "/documents/833/Ho_Chunk_CV-25-08-ORDER-1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited 'Ch. I §2.4' as part of supporting Election Code authority; court found this provision does not exist and the citation could not be located. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited a garbled provision 'Ch. II §1 le(2)' (appearing in the record as 'CII. II § I le (2)'); court determined this citation does not correspond to any actual Election Code section. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited 'Ch. II §2' among other Election Code references; court noted only Ch. II §9 and Ch. II §9a actually exist and that the plaintiff had cited non-existent provisions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "本杰明·甘布尔诉 Ho-Chunk 国家选举委员会", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|原告引用了“Ch. I §2.4' 作为支持《选举法》权威的一部分；法院认为该规定不存在，并且无法找到该引文。 ||捏造：法律规范|原告引用了一条乱码条款“Ch. II §1 le(2)”（在记录中显示为“CII. II § I le (2)”）；法院认定此传票与任何实际的《选举法》部分不符。 ||捏造：法律规范|原告引用了“Ch. II §2' 以及其他《选举法》参考资料；法院仅指出第 1 章。 II §9 和 Ch. II §9a 确实存在，而原告引用了不存在的条款。", "court": "Ho-Chunk Nation Trial Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Shahid v. Esaam", "url": "/documents/530/Shahid_v._Esaam_Georgia_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Trial court's order relied on a fictitious case labeled 'Epps'; appellate court could not locate it and vacated the order. || Fabricated: Case Law | Trial court's order relied on a fictitious case labeled 'Hodge'; appellate court could not locate it and vacated the order. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent case; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent 'Miller v. Miller' with a mismatched parallel cite; court found the reporter cite corresponds to an unrelated criminal case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent divorce case; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent case styled against the State; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent Ramos decision; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent McRae decision; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's Brief cited a non-existent Johnson decision to support attorney fees on appeal; court could not find it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Husband's Response cited a non-existent case; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Husband's Response cited a non-existent Christie decision; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Husband's Response cited a non-existent Mobley decision; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Husband's Response cited a non-existent Robinson decision; court listed it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Husband's Response cited a non-existent Reynolds decision (distinct from the real 2015 Supreme Court case); court listed it as fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellee's Brief misrepresented Blasingame as supporting service by publication; court said the case had nothing to do with service by publication. || Misrepresented: Case", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "沙希德诉伊萨姆", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|初审法院的命令依据的是一个标有“Epps”的虚构案件；上诉法院无法找到它并撤销了该命令。 ||捏造：判例法|初审法院的命令依据的是一个标记为“Hodge”的虚构案件；上诉法院无法找到它并撤销了该命令。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述中引用了一个不存在的案件；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的摘要引用了不存在的“米勒诉米勒”案，并有不匹配的平行引用；法院认定，记者所举的案件对应的是一起不相关的刑事案件。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述中引用了一起不存在的离婚案件；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述引用了一个不存在的针对国家的案件；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的陈述中引用了一项不存在的拉莫斯决定；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的摘要引用了一项不存在的麦克雷裁决；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|被上诉人的简报引用了约翰逊支持上诉律师费的一项不存在的决定；法院找不到它。 ||捏造：判例法|丈夫的回应引用了一个不存在的案例；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|丈夫的回应引用了不存在的克里斯蒂决定；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|丈夫的回应引用了一项不存在的莫布里决定；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|丈夫的回应引用了一项不存在的罗宾逊决定；法院将其列为虚构。 ||捏造：判例法|丈夫的回应引用了一项不存在的雷诺兹判决（与 2015 年最高法院的真实案例不同）；法院将其列为虚构。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被上诉人的摘要将 Blasingame 歪曲为出版物的支持服务；法院表示，该案与公布送达无关。 ||歪曲事实：案例", "court": "Georgia CA", "party": "Lawyer; Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Case remanded; monetary penalty", "monetary_penalty": "2500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-27", "title": "Sister City Logistics, Inc. v. John Fitzgerald", "url": "/documents/559/Sister_City_Logistics_Inc._v._Fitzgerald_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's original pro se motion to remand cited non-existent cases; the Court states it is 'littered with non-existent case law' and notes Defendant's table documenting fictitious citations (Doc. 14 at 5-6). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's original pro se motion to remand included quotations that do not appear in the cited authorities; the Court characterizes them as 'falsified quotations.'", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "姐妹城市物流公司诉约翰·菲茨杰拉德", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告最初提出的发回重审的自诉动议引用了不存在的案件；法院称其“充斥着不存在的判例法”，并指出被告的表格记录了虚构的引文（Doc. 14 at 5-6）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告最初提出的还押自诉动议中包含了未出现在引用的权威文献中的引文；法院将其定性为“伪造的引文”。", "court": "United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-27", "title": "Parra v. United States", "url": "/documents/558/Parra_v._USA_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case, which the Court traced to a page within Grapevine Imports, Ltd. v. United States, 71 Fed. Cl. 324, 326 (2006); the Court confirmed no such 'Tucker v. United States' exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff referenced a nonexistent Ninth Circuit decision in multiple exhibit pages attached to his filings; the Court stated the case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "帕拉诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件，法院追溯到 Grapevine Imports, Ltd. v. United States, 71 Fed 中的一页。克莱。 324、326（2006）；法院确认不存在这样的“塔克诉美国”案。 ||捏造：判例法|原告在其文件所附的多个证据页面中引用了不存在的第九巡回法院的裁决；法院称该案不存在。", "court": "Court of Federal Claims", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-27", "title": "Twist It Up, Inc. v. Annie International, Inc.", "url": "/documents/775/Twist_it_Up_v._Annie_International.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to \"Lewis v. CCPOA, 2009 WL 890585, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2009)\" does not match the cited court/date/Westlaw identifier; court notes a different Lewis decision exists with a different Westlaw ID and date. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation to Hernandez v. Polanco Enters., Inc., 19 F. Supp. 3d 918, 931 (N.D. Cal. 2013) is to a real decision but the order cited does not address depositions or corrections as the Opposition suggests. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to \"James v. Claussen, 2022 WL 1120273, at *3 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 14, 2022)\" does not correspond to any such case; Westlaw identifier cited corresponds to an appellee brief in a Texas Court of Appeals.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Twist It Up, Inc. 诉 Annie International, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用“Lewis v. CCPOA, 2009 WL 890585，at *4 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2009)”与引用的法院/日期/Westlaw 标识符不匹配；法院指出，存在不同的刘易斯判决，具有不同的 Westlaw ID 和日期。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Hernandez v. Polanco Enters., Inc.，19 F. Supp。 3d 918, 931（N.D. Cal. 2013）是一项真正的决定，但所引用的命令并未像反对派所建议的那样解决证词或更正问题。 ||捏造：判例法|引用“James v. Claussen, 2022 WL 1120273, at *3 (C.D. Cal. 2022 年 4 月 14 日)”并不对应于任何此类案件；引用的 Westlaw 标识符对应于德克萨斯州上诉法院的被上诉人陈述。", "court": "United States District Court, Central District of California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "Dastou v. Holmes", "url": "/documents/585/Dastou_v._Holmes.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "达斯托诉霍姆斯", "court": "Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "CLE Course obligation; endorsement of decision not to bill client", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "Schoene v. Oregon Department of Human Services", "url": "/documents/560/Schoene_v._Oregon_DHS_USA_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Butler v. Oregon, which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Curry v. Actavis, Inc., which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Estate of Riddell v. City of Portland, which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Hampton v. City of Oregon City, which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited State v. Burris, which the Court stated does not exist and identified as an apparent AI-generated false citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Schoene 诉俄勒冈州人类服务部", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了巴特勒诉俄勒冈州案，法院称该案不存在，并确定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Curry 诉 Actavis, Inc. 案，法院称该案不存在，并被认定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了里德尔庄园诉波特兰市案，法院称该案不存在，并被认定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了汉普顿诉俄勒冈市案，法院称该案不存在，并确定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了 State v. Burris 案，法院称该案不存在，并被认定为明显的人工智能生成的虚假引文。", "court": "United States District Court for the District of Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "title": "Mintvest Capital, LTD v. NYDIG Trust Company, et al.", "url": "/documents/561/Mintvest_Capital_LTD_v._NYDIG_Trust_Company_et_al_USA_23_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case; 394 F. Supp. 2d 393 points to a different case (Díaz Rodríguez v. Torres Mártir, 394 F. Supp. 2d 389). Counsel admitted AI use. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case; KLCE number and WL cite lead to unrelated cases. Counsel attributed to human/Google error. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language not found in the cited case; court noted ConnectU addresses amendment as of right, not prejudice/delay factors. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Case cited for prejudice/delay amendment factors, but it concerns amendment as of right; misstates the case’s holding. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited for permitting amendment to add federal claims after finding no diversity, but the case addresses personal jurisdiction and was dismissed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited to support permitting alternative pleadings, but the court did not address or endorse that concept. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language does not exist in the cited decision (WL cite also misstated). Counsel admitted AI use. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quote attributed to Tambone is not in that case; originates from Texas Gulf Sulphur. Counsel admitted AI use. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case in Westlaw, Lexis, and CM/ECF. Counsel admitted AI use. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted proposition not in the cited case. Counsel believed it true generally but conceded mis-citation and AI use. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language not found in the cited Second Circuit case. Counsel admitted AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mintvest Capital, LTD 诉 NYDIG Trust Company 等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|不存在的情况； 394 F. 补充材料。 2d 393 指向另一个案件（Díaz Rodríguez v. Torres Mártir, 394 F. Supp. 2d 389）。律师承认人工智能的使用。 ||捏造：判例法|不存在的情况； KLCE 编号和 WL 引用导致不相关的案例。律师归因于人为/谷歌错误。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用的语言在引用的案例中没有找到；法院指出，ConnectU 处理的是权利修正，而不是偏见/延迟因素。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|因偏见/延迟修正因素而引用的案例，但涉及权利修正；错误陈述了案件的审理情况。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|因在发现不存在多样性后允许修正案添加联邦索赔而被引用，但该案涉及属人管辖权并被驳回。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被引用以支持允许替代诉状，但法院没有解决或认可这一概念。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用的判决中不存在引用的语言（WL 引用也有误述）。律师承认人工智能的使用。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Tambone 的引述并不属于这种情况；源自德克萨斯州海湾硫磺。律师承认人工智能的使用。 ||捏造：判例法| Westlaw、Lexis 和 CM/ECF 中不存在案例。律师承认人工智能的使用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用的命题不在引用的案例中。律师普遍认为这是真的，但承认存在错误引用和人工智能的使用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|在引用的第二巡回法院案件中找不到引用的语言。律师承认人工智能的使用。", "court": "D.C. Puerto Rico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "In re Marriage of Isom and Kareem", "url": "/documents/578/In_re_Isom_USA_16_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Marriage of Zells with an incorrect citation and for a proposition the case does not assert; court noted the correct citation is 143 Ill. 2d 251 (1991) and rejected the stated proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Marriage of Amland, which the court was unable to locate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于伊索姆和卡里姆的婚姻", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人在《泽尔斯的婚姻》一案中引用了错误的引文，并且提出了本案未主张的命题；法院指出正确的引文是 143 Ill. 2d 251 (1991)，并驳回了所陈述的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了《In re Marriage of Amland》，但法院无法找到该内容。", "court": "Illinois CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "The appeal was denied, and the trial court's decision was affirmed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-12", "title": "Rochon Eidsvig & Rochon Hafer v. JGB Collateral", "url": "/documents/482/Rochon_Eidsvig__Rochon_Hafer_v._JGB_Collateral_Texas_CA_12_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | First of four non-existent case citations in Appellants’ May 16, 2024 brief; Appellee and the Court could not locate it; counsel later conceded nonexistence and the section was deleted in the amended brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | Second non-existent case citation in Appellants’ May 16, 2024 brief; Appellee and the Court could not locate it; counsel later conceded nonexistence and the section was deleted in the amended brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | Third non-existent case citation in Appellants’ May 16, 2024 brief; Appellee and the Court could not locate it; counsel later conceded nonexistence and the section was deleted in the amended brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fourth non-existent case citation in Appellants’ May 16, 2024 brief; Appellee and the Court could not locate it; counsel later conceded nonexistence and the section was deleted in the amended brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Rochon Eidsvig 和 Rochon Hafer 诉 JGB 抵押品", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人 2024 年 5 月 16 日的摘要中引用了四个不存在的案例中的第一个；被上诉人和法院无法找到它；律师后来承认不存在，该部分在修订案情摘要中被删除。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人 2024 年 5 月 16 日的摘要中引用了第二个不存在的案例；被上诉人和法院无法找到它；律师后来承认不存在，该部分在修订案情摘要中被删除。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人 2024 年 5 月 16 日的摘要中引用了第三个不存在的案例；被上诉人和法院无法找到它；律师后来承认不存在，该部分在修订案情摘要中被删除。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人 2024 年 5 月 16 日的摘要中引用了第四个不存在的案例；被上诉人和法院无法找到它；律师后来承认不存在，该部分在修订案情摘要中被删除。", "court": "Texas CA", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "8 mandatory hours of Continuous Legal Education on ethics and AI", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-29", "title": "Anita Krishnakumar et al. v. Eichler Swim and Tennis Club", "url": "/documents/476/Anita_Krishnakumar_et_al._v._Eichler_Swim_and_Tennis_Club_CA_SC_USA_29_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's opposition cites a nonexistent case, 'Ortiz v. Ford Motor Co. (2020) 50 Cal.App.5th 665'; court could not locate it and noted the citation corresponds to an unrelated costs case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant attributes a fabricated quote to the nonexistent Ortiz case; court's Lexis search found the language only in Defendant's brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安妮塔·克里希纳库玛等人。 v. 艾希勒游泳和网球俱乐部", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告的反对意见引用了一个不存在的案件，“Ortiz v. Ford Motor Co. (2020) 50 Cal.App.5th 665”；法院无法找到它，并指出该传票对应于一个不相关的费用案件。 ||捏造：判例法|被告将不存在的奥尔蒂斯案件归咎于捏造的引述；法院的 Lexis 搜索仅在被告的案情摘要中发现了该语言。", "court": "CA SC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument lost on the merits in tentative ruling", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-29", "title": "Delano Crossing v. County of Wright", "url": "/documents/459/Delano_Crossing_2016_v._County_of_Wright_Minnesota_Tax_Court_29_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | County's summary judgment brief contained five AI-generated case citations that do not correspond to any actual judicial decisions; the court found them fake and inherently misleading under Rule 11. || Misrepresented: Case Law | At the hearing, County offered substitute real cases to support its propositions, but the court found those authorities did not support the brief’s arguments. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Brief asserted that failure to comply with deadlines or court orders can justify granting summary judgment; the court held this sweeping proposition is unsupported and misplaced. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | AI-generated brief relied on Minn. R. Civ. P. 41 (dismissal) while moving under Rule 56 for summary judgment; the court found no authority granting summary judgment for such procedural deficiencies.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德拉诺克罗辛诉赖特县案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|县的简易判决摘要包含五个人工智能生成的案例引文，与任何实际的司法判决不符；根据第 11 条，法院认定这些内容是虚假的且具有本质上的误导性。歪曲事实：判例法|在听证会上，县提供了替代的真实案例来支持其主张，但法院发现这些当局并不支持简报的论点。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范| Brief 声称，不遵守最后期限或法院命令可以证明作出简易判决是合理的；法院认为这一笼统的主张没有得到支持并且是错误的。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范| AI 生成的简报依赖于 Minn. R. Civ。 P. 41（驳回），同时根据规则 56 进行简易判决；法院认为没有权力对此类程序缺陷作出简易判决。", "court": "Minnesotta Tax Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Breach of Rule 11, but no monetary sanction warranted; referred counsel to Lawyers Professional Responsibility Board", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-05-28", "title": "Mid Cent. Operating Eng'rs Health v. Hoosiervac", "url": "/documents/453/Mid_Cent._Operating_Engrs_Health_v._Hoosiervac_S.D._Indiana_USA_May_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief at docket 39 contained citations to non-existent cases; the magistrate judge could not locate them and Rule 11 violation was admitted. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief at docket 52 contained citations to non-existent cases; the magistrate judge could not locate them and Rule 11 violation was admitted. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief at docket 65 contained citations to non-existent cases; the magistrate judge could not locate them and Rule 11 violation was admitted.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中分。运营工程师健康诉 Hoosiervac", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|案卷 39 的简报引用了不存在的案例；治安法官无法找到他们，承认违反了第 11 条规则。 ||捏造：判例法|案卷 52 中的简报引用了不存在的案例；治安法官无法找到他们，承认违反了第 11 条规则。 ||捏造：判例法|案卷 65 的简报引用了不存在的案例；治安法官无法找到他们，承认违反了第 11 条规则。", "court": "S.D. Ind.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-22", "title": "Garner v. Kadince", "url": "/documents/397/Garner_v._Kadince_UT_AC_USA_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated appellate case cited in the Petition; opposing counsel showed it appears only in ChatGPT and not in any legal database, and the court sanctioned counsel for relying on fake precedent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加纳诉卡丁斯案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿书中引用的捏造上诉案件；对方律师表明该信息仅出现在 ChatGPT 中，而不出现在任何法律数据库中，法院因律师依赖虚假先例而制裁了律师。", "court": "Utah C.A.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-05", "title": "Flowz Digital v. Caroline Dalal", "url": "/documents/443/Flowz_Digital_v._Caroline_Dalal_C.D._California_USA_May_5_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case the Court could not locate after multiple searches and ordered Plaintiff to attach it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited In re Daou Systems to support a direct-vs-derivative principle, but the Court noted the case did not address that distinction. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited S.E.C. v. Cross Financial Services for a pleading-stage proposition on corporate control, but the Court found it addressed subject-matter jurisdiction over a nominal defendant and questioned relevance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Flowz Digital 诉 Caroline Dalal", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了法院在多次搜索后未能找到的案件，并命令原告附上该案件。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 In re Daou Systems 来支持直接与派生原则，但法院指出，该案并未解决这种区别。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 S.E.C.诉 Cross Financial Services 案，提出有关公司控制权的诉辩阶段主张，但法院发现其涉及对名义被告的主题管辖权，并质疑相关性。", "court": "C.D. Cal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis+AI", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Willis v. U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee, Igloo Series Trust", "url": "/documents/703/Willis_v_US_Bank_National_Association_as_Trustee_Igloo_Series_Trust.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威利斯诉美国银行全国协会作为 Igloo 系列信托受托人", "court": "N.D. Texas, Dallas Division", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "D'Angelo v. Vaught", "url": "/documents/609/Dangelo_v._Vaught_USA_2_April_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德安吉洛诉沃特", "court": "Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Archie (Smokeball)", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "Sanders v. United States", "url": "/documents/356/Sanders_v._USA_USA_March_31_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to argue CFC jurisdiction; the reporter citation points to a different case and subject, and neither Defendant nor the Court could locate any such case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent CFC case to support unjust enrichment jurisdiction; the citation leads to a different case in the reporter. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a case that does not exist in the Federal Claims reporter to assert jurisdiction over unjust enrichment. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to claim CFC jurisdiction over unjust enrichment; the reporter citation corresponds to a different case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff mischaracterized Hunt Building as acknowledging unjust enrichment claims in government contracts; the actual case is a bid protest with no mention of unjust enrichment. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff asserted that restitution is a standalone money-mandating source conferring CFC jurisdiction over unjust enrichment; the Court held restitution is not independently money-mandating and such claims lie outside CFC jurisdiction absent a separate money-mandating provision.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "桑德斯诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来论证受控外国公司的管辖权；记者的引文指向不同的案件和主题，被告和法院都无法找到任何此类案件。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的受控外国公司案例来支持不当得利管辖权；该引文导致了记者的另一种情况。 ||捏造：判例法|原告依据联邦索赔报告员中不存在的案件来主张对不当得利的管辖权。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引一个不存在的案例主张受控外国公司对不当得利拥有管辖权；记者的引文对应的是不同的案例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告错误地将亨特大厦描述为承认政府合同中的不当得利主张；实际案件是投标抗议，并未提及不当得利。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称，归还是一个独立的资金来源，赋予 CFC 对不当得利的管辖权；法院认为，恢复原状并不是独立的金钱授权，并且在没有单独的金钱授权条款的情况下，此类索赔不属于受控外国公司管辖范围。", "court": "Fed. claims court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Letts v. Avidien Technologies", "url": "/documents/371/Letts_v._Avidien_Technologies_E.D._North_Carolina_USA_December_16_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Truong v. Mead Johnson & Company, LLC (2016),' which the court was unable to locate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Oxbow Carbon & Minerals LLC v. Union Pacific Railroad Company (2013)' to support remand/diversity arguments; the court noted the D.D.C. case concerned the Sherman Act and did not discuss diversity jurisdiction or remand. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Saadeh v. Farouki (2011)' for remand based on local activities; the court explained the actual case (1997) addresses alienage diversity and is inapplicable here.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Letts 诉 Avidien Technologies", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到的“Truong 诉 Mead Johnson & Company, LLC (2016)”。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“Oxbow Carbon & Minerals LLC 诉联合太平洋铁路公司 (2013)”来支持还押/多元化论点；法院指出 D.D.C.该案涉及谢尔曼法案，没有讨论多样性管辖权或发回重审。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告根据当地活动援引“Saadeh v. Farouki (2011)”进行还押；法院解释说，实际案件（1997年）涉及外籍多样性，在此不适用。", "court": "E.D. N. Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-10-31", "title": "Churchill Funding v. 732 Indiana", "url": "/documents/485/Churchill_Funding_v._732_Indiana_SC_Cal_USA_31_October_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' CMC Statement cited 'California Federal Bank v. Kwong (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 1467, 1472,' which the court found does not exist; OSC to be set re false pleadings. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants miscited 'Security Pacific National Bank v. Wozab' as 231 Cal.App.3d at 1472-1473; the court noted the case is reported at 51 Cal.3d 991 and set an OSC re false pleadings. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Defendants argued plaintiff could not pursue judicial foreclosure and then seek a receiver while foreclosing under a power of sale; court disagreed, citing Miller & Starr §13:65 and CCP §564(d) that receivership is not a one-action violation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "丘吉尔基金诉 732 印第安纳州案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告的 CMC 声明引用了“加州联邦银行诉 Kwong (1991) 231 Cal.App.3d 1467, 1472”，法院认为该声明不存在； OSC 将对虚假诉状进行审理。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告将“Security Pacific National Bank v. Wozab”错误地引用为 231 Cal.App.3d at 1472-1473；法院注意到该案件已在 51 Cal.3d 991 上报告，并针对虚假诉状向 OSC 提起诉讼。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|被告辩称，原告不能诉诸司法取消抵押品赎回权，然后在根据出售权取消抵押品赎回权时寻求接管人；法院不同意这一观点，并援引 Miller & Starr §13:65 和 CCP §564(d) 的规定，认为破产管理并非一次性违规。", "court": "SC Cal", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-10-23", "title": "Thomas v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue", "url": "/documents/648/Thomas_v._CIR_USA_23_October_2024.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Schluter v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1998-269, for deductibility of unreimbursed employee expenses; Court found Schluter is T.C. Memo 1970-67 (dependency exemption) and T.C. Memo 1998-269 is Schmitt v. Commissioner (method of accounting), neither supporting the proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Meneguzzo v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 1969-15, for unreimbursed expense deductions; Court found Meneguzzo is 43 T.C. 824 (1965) (tip reporting) and T.C. Memo 1969-15 is B-E-C-K McLaughlin & Assoc. v. Renegotiation Board (excess profits), not supporting the proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Gagliardi v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2011-194, for burden shifting on unreimbursed expenses; Court found Gagliardi is T.C. Memo 2008-10 (gambling losses) and T.C. Memo 2011-194 is Layton v. Commissioner (collection), not supporting the proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "托马斯诉国税局局长", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Schluter 诉 Commissioner, T.C.备忘录 1998-269，未报销的员工费用的扣除；法院认定 Schluter 是 T.C.备忘录 1970-67（抚养豁免）和 T.C.备忘录 1998-269 是 Schmitt v. Commissioner（会计方法），均不支持该主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Meneguzzo 诉专员，T.C.备忘录 1969-15，用于未报销的费用扣除；法院认定 Meneguzzo 年龄为 43 T.C. 824 (1965)（举报举报）和 T.C.备忘录 1969-15 是 B-E-C-K McLaughlin & Assoc。 v. 重新谈判委员会（超额利润），不支持该主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用 Gagliardi 诉专员，T.C.备忘录 2011-194，用于转移未报销费用的负担；法庭认定加利亚尔迪是 T.C.备忘录 2008-10（赌博损失）和 T.C.备忘录 2011-194 是 Layton v. Commissioner（集合），不支持该主张。", "court": "United States Tax Court", "party": "Paralegal; Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Pretrial Memorandum stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "USA v. Michel", "url": "/documents/475/USA_v._Michel_DDC_USA_30_August_2024.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defense closing argument, generated in part by an AI tool, misattributed Puff Daddy’s lyric to the Fugees; the Court noted the mistake and found no prejudice.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉米歇尔", "description_zh": "虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |辩方结案陈词部分由人工智能工具生成，将吹牛老爹的歌词错误地归咎于“逃亡者”；法院注意到了这一错误，并认为不存在偏见。", "court": "D.C.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "EyeLevel", "outcome": "Misattribution was irrelevant", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-08-23", "title": "Rasmussen v. Rasmussen", "url": "/documents/439/Rasmussen_v._Rasmussen_CA_USA_August_23_2024.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited Ferreira v. Ferreira for joinder/equitable distribution; court found it is a child custody/forum non conveniens case and does not support the proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited Erlich v. Superior Court as requiring good-faith negotiation before suit; court held Erlich concerns injunctions of collection actions and says nothing about such a requirement. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited Albertson v. Raboff for the proposition that abuse of legal process indicates bad faith; court stated Albertson addresses lis pendens privilege and does not mention 'abuse' or 'bad faith.' || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Dino v. Pelliccioni (1962) 200 Cal.App.2d 163 to oppose partition by sale; court found no such case exists and the citation corresponds to Kramer v. State Board of Accountancy, unrelated to partition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Harmon v. Harmon (2001) 24 Cal.4th 259 regarding trustee duties; court found no such case exists and the page falls within People v. Ayala (2000) 24 Cal.4th 243. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Estate of Green (1955) 135 Cal.App.2d 495 regarding trustee duties; court found no such case exists and the citation maps to Staggs v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (1955) 135 Cal.App.2d 492. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited Kerrigan v. O’Meara (1926) 71 Cal.App. 346 to attack pleading sufficiency; court found no such California case exists and the pinpoint corresponds to People v. Albrexstondare (1925) 71 Cal.App. 339; a Montana case with that caption is irrelevant. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant cited Dieden v. Schmidt (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 645 to argue against partition by sale; court noted the case concerns judgment creditor rights and does not mention partition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "拉斯穆森诉拉斯穆森", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|被告援引费雷拉诉费雷拉案要求合并/公平分配；法院认为这是一起儿童监护/法院不方便案件，因此不支持该主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告援引《埃利希诉高等法院》要求在诉讼前进行善意谈判；法院认为埃利希关注收款行动禁令，但对这一要求只字不提。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告引用了艾伯森诉拉博夫案（Albertson v. Raboff），认为滥用法律程序表明恶意；法院表示，艾伯森谈到了待决特权，但没有提及“滥用”或“恶意”。 ||捏造：判例法|被告援引 Dino v. Pelliccioni (1962) 200 Cal.App.2d 163 反对通过出售分割；法院认为不存在此类案件，且该引证对应于克莱默诉国家会计委员会案，与分治无关。 ||捏造：判例法|被告援引 Harmon v. Harmon (2001) 24 Cal.4th 259 关于受托人职责；法院发现不存在此类案件，该页面属于 People v. Ayala (2000) 24 Cal.4th 243 的范围。捏造：判例法|被告引用了 Estate of Green (1955) 135 Cal.App.2d 495 关于受托人职责的内容；法院发现不存在此类案件，引证对应于 Staggs v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (1955) 135 Cal.App.2d 492。捏造：判例法|被告援引 Kerrigan v. O’Meara (1926) 71 Cal.App。第346章 攻击恳求充分性；法院发现加利福尼亚州不存在此类案件，并且该精确点对应于 People v. Albrexstondare (1925) 71 Cal.App。 339；蒙大拿州的案件与该标题无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告援引 Dieden v. Schmidt (2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 645 来反对通过出售分割；法院指出，该案涉及判决债权人权利，但没有提及分割。", "court": "California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Lawyer ordered to show cause why she should not be referred to the bar", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "title": "Francesco Santora v. Copyright Claims Board", "url": "/documents/1925/Santora_v._CCB_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Santora presented fabricated quotations from statutory and regulatory provisions; the Board found these quotations were fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Santora cited legal authorities on false premises (misrepresenting case law/authorities); the Board found these citations unreliable or false.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Francesco Santora 诉版权索赔委员会", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|桑托拉根据法律和监管规定伪造了报价；委员会发现这些报价是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|桑托拉在错误的前提下引用了法律权威（歪曲判例法/权威）；委员会认为这些引文不可靠或虚假。", "court": "Copyright Claims Board", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Barred from pursuing claims before the Board", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Blueprint Basketball et al", "url": "/documents/1109/Lafayette_v._Blueprint_Basketball_USA_26_April_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Pavlovich v. National Life Insurance Company (VT, 2010) but failed to file a copy when ordered; court concluded the case likely does not exist and that citing it may violate V.R.C.P. 11(b). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited State v. Dalco Electric, Inc. (VT, 2015) but failed to file a copy when ordered; court concluded the case likely does not exist and that citing it may violate V.R.C.P. 11(b).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗伯特·拉斐特诉蓝图篮球等人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Pavlovich 诉 National Life Insurance Company 案（VT，2010 年），但未能在接到命令时提交副本；法院得出结论，该案件可能不存在，引用该案件可能违反 V.R.C.P. 11(b)。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了 State v. Dalco Electric, Inc.（VT，2015 年），但未能在接到命令时提交副本；法院得出结论，该案件可能不存在，引用该案件可能违反 V.R.C.P. 11(b)。", "court": "Vermont SC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "title": "In re Celsius Network LLC", "url": "/documents/1049/In_re_Celsius_Network_LLC_USA_9_November_2023.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Other | Report generated by AI contained almost no citations and the expert did not review underlying sources; court found it was not based on sufficient facts or data and excluded the report. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Report asserted features for CEL (e.g., governance rights) that the token never had; court identified this factual inaccuracy as undermining reliability.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于摄氏度网络有限责任公司", "description_zh": "误传：其他|人工智能生成的报告几乎没有引用，专家也没有审查潜在来源；法院认为该报告没有提供足够的事实或数据，因此排除了该报告。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |报告声称 CEL 具有该代币从未拥有的功能（例如治理权）；法院认为这种事实不准确会损害可靠性。", "court": "S.D. New York (Bankruptcy)", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Expert report excluded as unreliable", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 October 2023", "title": "Executive Order 14110 on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "Biden executive order requiring reporting and safety obligations for AI companies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于安全、可靠和值得信赖的人工智能的第 14110 号行政命令", "description_zh": "拜登行政命令要求人工智能公司承担报告和安全义务。" }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Executive Order 14179 - Removing Barriers to American Leadership in AI", "url": "https://www.anecdotes.ai/learn/ai-regulations-in-2025-us-eu-uk-japan-china-and-more", "description": "Trump administration order removing barriers to US AI leadership; revokes prior EO 14110; prioritizes US dominance in AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "行政命令 14179 - 消除美国在人工智能领域的领导地位的障碍", "description_zh": "特朗普政府下令消除美国人工智能领导地位的障碍；撤销之前的 EO 14110；优先考虑美国在人工智能领域的主导地位。" }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "Advance Local Media v. Cohere", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "News publishers accuse Cohere of copyright infringement based on AI systems creation and operation. Filed in U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Advance Local Media 诉 Cohere", "description_zh": "新闻出版商指控 Cohere 侵犯基于人工智能系统创建和运营的版权。向纽约南区美国地方法院提起诉讼。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "party": "Advance Local Media v. Cohere", "ai_tool": "Cohere AI" }, { "date": "15 January 2023", "title": "Andersen v. Stability AI", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "Visual artists allege copyright infringement, DMCA violations, and false endorsement claims against Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, and DreamUp. Filed in N.D. California.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安德森诉稳定性人工智能案", "description_zh": "视觉艺术家指控 Stable Diffusion、Midjourney 和 DreamUp 侵犯版权、违反 DMCA 以及虚假代言索赔。提交于加利福尼亚州北达科他州。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "party": "Andersen v. Stability AI", "ai_tool": "Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, DreamUp" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Getty Images v. Stability AI (Delaware)", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "Getty Images alleges copyright infringement and trademark infringement by Stable Diffusion and DreamStudio. Filed in District of Delaware.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Getty Images 诉 Stability AI（特拉华州）", "description_zh": "Getty Images 指控 Stable Diffusion 和 DreamStudio 侵犯版权和商标。在特拉华州地区提起诉讼。", "court": "U.S. District Court, District of Delaware", "party": "Getty Images v. Stability AI", "ai_tool": "Stable Diffusion" }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "Consolidated action including Leovy v. Google and Zhang v. Google alleging copyright infringement from AI training. Consolidated in N.D. California.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于谷歌生成人工智能版权诉讼", "description_zh": "联合诉讼包括Leovy诉谷歌和Zhang诉谷歌，指控人工智能训练侵犯版权。在加利福尼亚州北达科他州合并。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "party": "In re Google Generative AI Copyright Litigation" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Dow Jones v. Perplexity AI", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "Rupert Murdoch's Dow Jones and New York Post sued Perplexity AI for using copyrighted news content in RAG solution. S.D.N.Y.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "道琼斯诉 Perplexity AI", "description_zh": "鲁珀特·默多克 (Rupert Murdoch) 的道琼斯 (Dow Jones) 和《纽约邮报》(New York Post) 起诉 Perplexity AI 在 RAG 解决方案中使用受版权保护的新闻内容。南纽约州", "court": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York", "party": "Dow Jones v. Perplexity AI", "ai_tool": "Perplexity AI" }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Nazemian and Dubus v. NVIDIA", "url": "https://www.bakerlaw.com/services/artificial-intelligence-ai/case-tracker-artificial-intelligence-copyrights-and-class-actions/", "description": "Authors filed class action alleging NVIDIA copied copyrighted books to train its LLM Nemo Megatron-GPT. N.D. California.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Nazemian 和 Dubus 诉 NVIDIA", "description_zh": "作者提起集体诉讼，指控 NVIDIA 复制受版权保护的书籍来培训其 LLM Nemo Megatron-GPT。加利福尼亚州北达科他州。", "court": "U.S. District Court, Northern District of California", "party": "Nazemian and Dubus v. NVIDIA", "ai_tool": "NVIDIA Nemo Megatron-GPT" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Getty Images v. Stability AI (UK)", "url": "https://www.mckoolsmith.com/newsroom-ailitigation", "description": "Large-scale image licensing and AI training case. UK High Court审理Getty Images指控Stability AI侵犯版权。Issue: infinitesimally small reproductions defense.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Getty Images 诉 Stability AI（英国）", "description_zh": "大规模图像授权及AI训练案例。英国高等法院指控盖蒂图片社指控稳定性人工智能侵犯版权。问题：无限小复制品辩护。", "court": "UK High Court", "party": "Getty Images v. Stability AI", "ai_tool": "Stable Diffusion" }, { "date": "1 December 2025", "title": "RTI S.p.A. and Medusa Film S.p.A. v. Perplexity AI Inc.", "url": "https://www.mckoolsmith.com/newsroom-ailitigation", "description": "Italian film companies RTI and Medusa Film sued Perplexity AI for using copyrighted content. Italy.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "RTI S.p.A. 和 Medusa Film S.p.A. 诉 Perplexity AI Inc.", "description_zh": "意大利电影公司 RTI 和 Medusa Film 起诉 Perplexity AI 使用受版权保护的内容。意大利。", "court": "Italian Court", "party": "RTI and Medusa Film v. Perplexity AI", "ai_tool": "Perplexity AI" }, { "date": "11 November 2025", "title": "GEMA v. OpenAI", "url": "https://www.mckoolsmith.com/newsroom-ailitigation", "description": "German music rights society GEMA sued OpenAI over music copyright infringement. Germany.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "GEMA 诉 OpenAI", "description_zh": "德国音乐权利协会 GEMA 起诉 OpenAI 侵犯音乐版权。德国。", "court": "German Court", "party": "GEMA v. OpenAI", "ai_tool": "OpenAI" }, { "date": "6 March 2025", "title": "SNE, SNAC & SGDL v. Meta Platforms Inc.", "url": "https://www.mckoolsmith.com/newsroom-ailitigation", "description": "French publishers SNE, SNAC and SGDL sued Meta for using copyrighted works in AI training. France.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SNE、SNAC 和 SGDL 诉 Meta Platforms Inc.", "description_zh": "法国出版商 SNE、SNAC 和 SGDL 起诉 Meta 在人工智能训练中使用受版权保护的作品。法国。", "court": "French Court", "party": "SNE, SNAC & SGDL v. Meta", "ai_tool": "Meta AI" }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "ANI Media Pvt Ltd v. OpenAI OPCO LLC", "url": "https://www.mckoolsmith.com/newsroom-ailitigation", "description": "Indian media company ANI Media sued OpenAI. India July 2025 hearing.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANI Media Pvt Ltd 诉 OpenAI OPCO LLC", "description_zh": "印度媒体公司 ANI Media 起诉 OpenAI。印度 2025 年 7 月举行听证会。", "court": "Indian Court", "party": "ANI Media v. OpenAI", "ai_tool": "OpenAI" }, { "date": "13 April 2026", "title": "Kentucky HB 692 amending Kentucky Revised Statutes on data privacy including cybersecurity regulation", "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/26rs/hb692.html", "description": "The Governor of Kentucky signed HB 692 into law, requiring controllers to establish reasonable administrative, technical, and physical data security practices to protect personal data.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Cybersecurity" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "肯塔基州 HB 692 修订了有关数据隐私的肯塔基州修订法规，包括网络安全法规", "description_zh": "肯塔基州州长签署 HB 692 成为法律，要求控制者建立合理的管理、技术和物理数据安全实践来保护个人数据。" }, { "date": "13 April 2026", "title": "Iowa AG amended case against TikTok asserting China data access risk and addictive design claims", "url": "https://www.iowaattorneygeneral.gov/newsroom/attorney-general-brenna-bird-amends-tiktok-lawsuit-asserting-risk-of-china-access-to-iowans-data", "description": "The Iowa Attorney General filed amended petition against TikTok adding claims about addictive design features and deceptive assurances about Chinese data access, seeking permanent injunction and civil penalties.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱荷华州 AG 修改了针对 TikTok 的案件，指控中国数据访问风险和令人上瘾的设计主张", "description_zh": "爱荷华州总检察长针对 TikTok 提交了修改后的请愿书，增加了有关令人上瘾的设计功能和有关中国数据访问的欺骗性保证的指控，寻求永久禁令和民事处罚。" }, { "date": "17 February 2026", "title": "NIST Center for AI Standards and Innovation AI Agent Standards Initiative", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2026/02/announcing-ai-agent-standards-initiative-interoperable-and-secure", "description": "The Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) at NIST announced the launch of the AI Agent Standards Initiative to support secure and interoperable adoption of AI agents capable of autonomous actions.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "NIST 人工智能标准与创新中心 人工智能代理标准倡议", "description_zh": "NIST 的人工智能标准与创新中心 (CAISI) 宣布启动人工智能代理标准计划，以支持安全且可互操作地采用能够自主行动的人工智能代理。" }, { "date": "9 January 2026", "title": "United States Senators sent letter to Apple and Google requesting removal of X and Grok apps from app stores", "url": "https://www.wyden.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/letter_to_apple_and_google_on_removing_x_and_grok_from_app_store_192026pdf.pdf", "description": "On 9 January 2026, three United States Senators sent a letter to Apple and Google requesting the enforcement of app store terms of service and the removal of X Corp's X and Grok apps due to the mass generation of nonconsensual sexualised images of women and children. The letter states that X users have utilised the Grok AI tool to generate nonconsensual sexual imagery of real private citizens at scale, including depictions of sexual abuse, humiliation, violence, and death. Furthermore, it report", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国参议员致信苹果和谷歌，要求从应用商店中删除 X 和 Grok 应用", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 9 日，三名美国参议员致信苹果和谷歌，要求执行应用程序商店服务条款并删除 X Corp 的 X 和 Grok 应用程序，因为大量生成未经同意的妇女和儿童色情图像。信中指出，X 用户利用 Grok AI 工具大规模生成真实公民的非自愿性图像，包括性虐待、羞辱、暴力和死亡的描述。此外，它报告" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Implemented California AI Transparency Act (SB 942)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the California AI Transparency Act (SB 942) becomes effective. The Bill adds new consumer protection measures related to artificial intelligence (AI) under California law, requiring providers of generative AI systems with over 1 million monthly users to offer a free AI detection tool that allows users to verify if the content was AI-generated. This tool must be publicly accessible, support uploads or URLs, and offer metadata related to content authenticity. Furthermore, provid", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "实施加州人工智能透明度法案 (SB 942)", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，《加州人工智能透明度法案》(SB 942) 生效。该法案根据加州法律增加了与人工智能（AI）相关的新消费者保护措施，要求每月用户超过 100 万的生成式 AI 系统提供商提供免费的 AI 检测工具，允许用户验证内容是否是 AI 生成的。该工具必须可公开访问，支持上传或 URL，并提供与内容真实性相关的元数据。此外，提供" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission set aside prior ruling in lawsuit against Rytr for allegedly generating false reviews with AI-powered tools", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/12/ftc-reopens-sets-aside-rytr-final-order-response-trump-administrations-ai-action-plan?utm_campaign=ftc_reopens_and_sets_asid&utm_content=1766427978&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook,linkedin,twitter", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) set aside its prior ruling in a lawsuit against Rytr LLC for allegedly generating false reviews with AI-powered tools. Following review, the FTC concluded the original order would have unduly burdened AI development, contravening the Trump Administration's Executive Order 14179, \"Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence\" and 2025 AI Action Plan. The order would have banned Rytr LLC from advertising, marketing, pro", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会撤销了针对 Rytr 的诉讼的先前裁决，因为 Rytr 涉嫌使用人工智能工具生成虚假评论", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 22 日，联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 撤销了之前针对 Rytr LLC 的诉讼裁决，该公司涉嫌使用人工智能工具生成虚假评论。经过审查，FTC 得出结论，原来的命令会给人工智能发展带来过度负担，违反了特朗普政府的第 14179 号行政命令“消除美国在人工智能领域的领导地位的障碍”和 2025 年人工智能行动计划。该命令将禁止 Rytr LLC 从事广告、营销、专业活动" }, { "date": "11 December 2025", "title": "White House Office of Management and Budget adopted memorandum on increasing public trust in artificial intelligence through unbiased AI principles (M-26-04)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/M-26-04-Increasing-Public-Trust-in-Artificial-Intelligence-Through-Unbiased-AI-Principles-1.pdf", "description": "On 11 December 2025, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget issued a memorandum on increasing public trust in artificial intelligence by setting out unbiased AI principles. The memorandum was in line with Section 4 of Executive Order 14319 to guide agencies in implementing AI principles and to complement earlier OMB guidance on AI acquisition. It applies to executive and military departments, independent establishments, and wholly owned government corporations, covering any Large La", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "白宫管理和预算办公室通过了关于通过公正的人工智能原则增强公众对人工智能的信任的备忘录 (M-26-04)", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 11 日，管理和预算办公室主任发布了一份备忘录，通过制定公正的人工智能原则来增强公众对人工智能的信任。该备忘录符合第 14319 号行政命令第 4 节的规定，旨在指导各机构实施人工智能原则，并补充 OMB 早期关于人工智能获取的指导。它适用于行政和军事部门、独立机构和全资政府公司，涵盖任何大型机构" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "President signed Executive Order launching Genesis Mission aimed at accelerating scientific discovery using AI", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/11/launching-the-genesis-mission/", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the President signed the Executive Order launching the Genesis Mission, an initiative aimed at advancing scientific discovery using artificial intelligence (AI). The Mission will use federal datasets and high-performance computing to develop AI tools that support research automation, hypothesis testing, and innovation. The Department of Energy will coordinate with federal agencies, national laboratories, universities, and private-sector partners. The American Science and Sec", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统签署行政命令启动创世纪任务，旨在利用人工智能加速科学发现", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 24 日，总统签署了启动“创世纪任务”的行政命令，该计划旨在利用人工智能 (AI) 推进科学发现。该任务将使用联邦数据集和高性能计算来开发支持研究自动化、假设检验和创新的人工智能工具。能源部将与联邦机构、国家实验室、大学和私营部门合作伙伴进行协调。美国科学与安全委员会" }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Office of Science and Technology Policy closes consultation on identifying existing Federal statutes, regulations, agency rules, guidance, forms, and administrative processes hindering AI development, deployment, and adoption", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/26/2025-18737/notice-of-request-for-information-regulatory-reform-on-artificial-intelligence#print", "description": "On 27 October 2025, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) closes the consultation as part of its inquiry into identifying Federal statutes, regulations, agency rules, guidance, forms, and administrative processes that unnecessarily hinder the development, deployment, and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the United States. The consultation aims to gather information on barriers grouped into five categories, namely regulatory mismatches, structural incompat", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学技术政策办公室结束关于确定阻碍人工智能开发、部署和采用的现有联邦法规、法规、机构规则、指南、表格和行政流程的咨询", "description_zh": "科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 于 2025 年 10 月 27 日结束咨询，作为其调查的一部分，以确定不必要地阻碍美国境内人工智能 (AI) 技术的开发、部署和采用的联邦法规、法规、机构规则、指南、表格和行政流程。此次磋商旨在收集有关障碍的信息，分为五类，即监管不匹配、结构不兼容" }, { "date": "17 October 2025", "title": "Department of the Treasury closes consultation on innovative methods to detect illicit activity involving digital assets under GENIUS Act", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/246/GENIUS-Act-Illicit-Finance-Innovation-Congressional-Report-March-2026.pdf", "description": "On 17 October 2025, the United States Department of the Treasury closes the consultation on innovative or novel methods, techniques, and strategies to detect and mitigate illicit finance risks involving digital assets. The consultation is required under Section 9 of the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act), which established a regulatory framework for payment stablecoin issuers, including reserve requirements and the treatment of issuers as financial i", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部根据 GENIUS 法案结束了关于检测涉及数字资产的非法活动的创新方法的磋商", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 17 日，美国财政部结束了关于检测和减轻涉及数字资产的非法金融风险的创新或新颖方法、技术和策略的磋商。此次磋商是根据《美国稳定币指导和建立国家创新法案》（GENIUS法案）第9条的要求进行的，该法案为支付稳定币发行人建立了监管框架，包括准备金要求以及将发行人视为金融机构的待遇。" }, { "date": "11 October 2025", "title": "Bill amending Business and Professions Code to include provisions on implication of professional licensure by AI systems was signed by Governor", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB489", "description": "On 11 October 2025, the Bill amending the Business and Professions Code to include provisions on the implication of professional licensure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems was signed by the Governor. The Bill seeks to regulate the use of AI in health care. The Bill applies to developers and deployers of AI or generative AI systems that use medical titles or terms implying professional licensure. It prohibits AI tools from suggesting that advice or care is provided by licensed health profe", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州长签署了修订《商业和职业守则》的法案，以纳入有关人工智能系统专业许可影响的条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 11 日，总督签署了修订《商业和职业守则》的法案，纳入有关人工智能 (AI) 系统专业许可影响的条款。该法案旨在规范人工智能在医疗保健领域的使用。该法案适用于使用暗示专业许可的医学头衔或术语的人工智能或生成人工智能系统的开发者和部署者。它禁止人工智能工具暗示建议或护理是由有执照的健康专家提供的" }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "California Civil Rights Council's Employment Regulations Regarding Automated-Decision Systems enter into force", "url": "https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2025/06/30/civil-rights-council-secures-approval-for-regulations-to-protect-against-employment-discrimination-related-to-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the final regulations issued by the California Civil Rights Council regarding the use of automated-decision systems in employment practices enter into effect. Employers and covered entities must ensure that such systems do not result in adverse treatment of individuals based on protected characteristics. They must also retain employment records, including automated-decision data, for a minimum of four years, and avoid the use of automated assessments that may elicit disability", "categories": [ "Labour Law" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州民权委员会关于自动决策系统的就业法规生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 1 日，加州民权委员会发布的有关在就业实践中使用自动决策系统的最终法规生效。雇主和所涵盖的实体必须确保此类系统不会导致基于受保护特征的个人受到不利待遇。他们还必须保留就业记录，包括自动决策数据至少四年，并避免使用可能导致残疾的自动评估" }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "Center for AI Standards and Innovation issued interim findings from technical evaluation of DeepSeek AI models", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/09/caisi-evaluation-deepseek-ai-models-finds-shortcomings-and-risks", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted a technical evaluation of three DeepSeek models and four reference models. The evaluation, mandated by President Trump's AI Action Plan and the Secretary of Commerce, sought to assess and evaluate adversary AI system capabilities and adoption. The CAISI evaluation yielded several findings. First, the evaluation found that DeepSeek models correctly comple", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能标准与创新中心发布了 DeepSeek 人工智能模型技术评估的中期结果", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 30 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 人工智能标准与创新中心 (CAISI) 对三个 DeepSeek 模型和四个参考模型进行了技术评估。这项评估由特朗普总统的人工智能行动计划和商务部长授权，旨在评估对手人工智能系统的能力和采用情况。 CAISI 评估得出了多项结论。一、评估发现DeepSeek模型正确完成" }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "President signed Executive Order on Harnessing American AI Innovation to Unlock Cures for Paediatric Cancer including data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-prioritizes-harnessing-american-ai-innovation-to-unlock-cures-for-pediatric-cancer/", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the President signed an Executive Order to harness American AI innovation to unlock cures and prevention strategies for paediatric and young adulthood cancer, requiring the safeguarding of individual health information while expanding the use of advanced technologies in clinical research. The order directs increased Federal funding for Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI) activities and calls for private sector engagement to enhance data analysis of complex biological sy", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统签署了利用美国人工智能创新来治愈小儿癌症的行政命令，包括数据保护监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 30 日，总统签署了一项行政命令，利用美国人工智能创新来解锁儿童和青少年癌症的治疗和预防策略，要求保护个人健康信息，同时扩大先进技术在临床研究中的使用。该命令指示增加联邦对儿童癌症数据倡议 (CCDI) 活动的资助，并呼吁私营部门参与加强复杂生物系统的数据分析" }, { "date": "30 September 2025", "title": "President signed Executive Order on Harnessing American AI Innovation to Unlock Cures for Paediatric Cancer including interoperability requirement", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/09/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-prioritizes-harnessing-american-ai-innovation-to-unlock-cures-for-pediatric-cancer/", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the President signed an Executive Order to harness American artificial intelligence (AI) innovation to unlock cures and prevention strategies for paediatric and young adulthood cancer, requiring the Secretary of Health and Human Services to fully integrate AI into existing interoperability frameworks. The mandate directs that health data infrastructure must be modernised to support research and clinical trial design, improve access to information, and enable private sector ", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统签署了利用美国人工智能创新来治愈小儿癌症的行政命令，其中包括互操作性要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 30 日，总统签署了一项行政命令，利用美国人工智能 (AI) 创新来解锁儿科和青少年癌症的治疗和预防策略，要求卫生与公众服务部长将人工智能完全整合到现有的互操作性框架中。该指令指出，健康数据基础设施必须实现现代化，以支持研究和临床试验设计、改善信息获取并为私营部门提供支持" }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Office of Science and Technology Policy opened consultation on identifying existing Federal statutes, regulations, agency rules, guidance, forms, and administrative processes hindering AI development, deployment, and adoption", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/09/26/2025-18737/notice-of-request-for-information-regulatory-reform-on-artificial-intelligence#print", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) opened a consultation as part of its inquiry into identifying Federal statutes, regulations, agency rules, guidance, forms, and administrative processes that unnecessarily hinder the development, deployment, and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within the United States. The consultation aims to gather information on barriers grouped into five categories, namely regulatory mismatches, structural incompat", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和技术政策办公室就确定阻碍人工智能开发、部署和采用的现有联邦法规、法规、机构规则、指南、表格和行政流程展开咨询", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 26 日，科学技术政策办公室 (OSTP) 开展了一次咨询，作为其调查的一部分，旨在查明不必要地阻碍美国境内人工智能 (AI) 技术的开发、部署和采用的联邦法规、法规、机构规则、指南、表格和行政流程。此次磋商旨在收集有关障碍的信息，分为五类，即监管不匹配、结构不兼容" }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "Bill amending Business and Professions Code to include provisions on implication of professional licensure by AI systems was adopted by State Legislature", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB489", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the Bill amending the Business and Professions Code to include provisions on the implication of professional licensure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems was adopted by the California State Legislature. The Bill seeks to regulate the use of AI in health care. The Bill applies to developers and deployers of AI or generative AI systems that use medical titles or terms implying professional licensure. It prohibits AI tools from suggesting that advice or care is provided by", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州立法机关通过了修订《商业和职业法》的法案，纳入有关人工智能系统专业许可影响的条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，加州立法机关通过了修订《商业和职业法》的法案，纳入了有关人工智能 (AI) 系统专业许可影响的条款。该法案旨在规范人工智能在医疗保健领域的使用。该法案适用于使用暗示专业许可的医学头衔或术语的人工智能或生成人工智能系统的开发者和部署者。它禁止人工智能工具暗示建议或护理是由" }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "Act concerning measures to increase transparency for Artificial Intelligence systems, including data protection regulation was passed by Colorado Senate (SB 25B-004)", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb25b-004", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Act concerning measures to increase transparency for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, including data protection regulation was passed by Colorado Senate. The Act applies to developers and deployers of high-risk AI and providers of generative AI. Developers must exercise care, share documentation, disclose risks, and publish intended uses. Deployers must implement risk management, conduct and update impact assessments, review deployments, inform consumers, and notify t", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州参议院通过了有关提高人工智能系统透明度的措施（包括数据保护法规）的法案 (SB 25B-004)", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 25 日，科罗拉多州参议院通过了有关提高人工智能 (AI) 系统透明度的措施（包括数据保护法规）的法案。该法案适用于高风险人工智能的开发者和部署者以及生成式人工智能的提供商。开发人员必须谨慎行事、共享文档、披露风险并发布预期用途。部署者必须实施风险管理、进行和更新影响评估、审查部署、通知消费者并通知他们" }, { "date": "21 August 2025", "title": "Federal Trade Commission issued ruling against Workado over unsubstantiated advertising claims concerning artificial intelligence content detection tools", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/ContentatScaleAI-DecisionandOrder.pdf", "description": "On 21 August 2025, the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a ruling against Workado, Limited Liability Company (LLC), formerly Content at Scale Artificial Intelligence (AI). The case concerned unsubstantiated claims relating to AI content detection tools. The ruling applies to marketing products that claim to detect or verify AI-generated or altered content. It prohibits misleading representations unless supported by competent and reliable scientific evidence. It requires preserv", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦贸易委员会就 Workado 就有关人工智能内容检测工具的未经证实的广告宣传做出了针对 Workado 的裁决", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 21 日，美国联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 发布了一项针对 Workado 有限责任公司 (LLC)（原为 Content at Scale Artificial Intelligence (AI)）的裁决。该案件涉及与人工智能内容检测工具相关的未经证实的主张。该裁决适用于声称能够检测或验证人工智能生成或更改内容的营销产品。除非有充分且可靠的科学证据支持，否则它禁止误导性陈述。需要保存" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Department of the Treasury opened consultation on innovative methods to detect illicit activity involving digital assets under GENIUS Act", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/246/GENIUS-Act-Illicit-Finance-Innovation-Congressional-Report-March-2026.pdf", "description": "On 18 August 2025, the United States Department of the Treasury opened a public consultation on innovative or novel methods, techniques, and strategies to detect and mitigate illicit finance risks involving digital assets, until 17 October 2025. The consultation was required under Section 9 of the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Stablecoins Act (GENIUS Act), which established a regulatory framework for payment stablecoin issuers, including reserve requirements and the treatme", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "财政部就根据《天才法案》检测涉及数字资产的非法活动的创新方法展开磋商", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 18 日，美国财政部就检测和减轻涉及数字资产的非法金融风险的创新或新颖方法、技术和策略开展了公众咨询，咨询期限持续至 2025 年 10 月 17 日。该咨询是根据《美国稳定币指导和建立国家创新法案》（GENIUS 法案）第 9 条的要求进行的，该法案为支付稳定币发行人建立了监管框架，包括准备金要求和处理方式。" }, { "date": "5 August 2025", "title": "Act Regarding the Ownership of Model Training and Content Generated by a Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool (Act 927) enters into force", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=HB1876&ddBienniumSession=2025/2025R", "description": "On 5 August 2025, the Act Regarding the Ownership of Model Training and Content Generated by a Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool (Act 927) enters into force. The Act applies to individuals and entities using generative artificial intelligence tools for either content generation or model training. The Act provides that the person supplying input or directives to a generative AI tool owns the generated content, provided no copyright or intellectual property infringement occurs. It assigns ow", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于模型训练和生成人工智能工具生成的内容的所有权的法案（法案 927）生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 5 日，《关于模型训练和生成人工智能工具生成的内容的所有权的法案》（第 927 号法案）生效。该法案适用于使用生成人工智能工具进行内容生成或模型训练的个人和实体。该法案规定，在不发生版权或知识产权侵权的情况下，向生成人工智能工具提供输入或指令的人拥有生成的内容。它分配了ow" }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "New Jersey District Court issued ruling in lawsuit against FBA Machine and affiliates for alleged deceptive e-commerce business opportunity practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/x240032-fba-machinepassive-scaling-ftc-v", "description": "On 30 July 2025, the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey approved a stipulated order resolving the Federal Trade Commission (FTC’s) lawsuit against TheFBAMachine Inc. and its affiliates for promoting deceptive digital business opportunities. It was highlighted that the defendants had marketed automated Amazon storefronts and e-commerce schemes using misleading claims about earnings potential and Artificial Intelligence (AI) capabilities. The order permanently bans them fr", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新泽西地方法院就 FBA Machine 及其附属公司涉嫌欺骗性电子商务商业机会行为的诉讼作出裁决", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 30 日，美国新泽西州地区法院批准了一项规定命令，解决联邦贸易委员会 (FTC) 针对 TheFBAMachine Inc. 及其附属公司推销欺骗性数字商业机会的诉讼。值得注意的是，被告利用有关盈利潜力和人工智能（AI）功能的误导性声明来营销自动化亚马逊店面和电子商务计划。该命令永久禁止他们" }, { "date": "1 July 2025", "title": "Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313) entered into effect", "url": "https://www.sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2025/Chapter-84-HB-2313.html", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313) entered into force as a result of its publication in the statute book. The Act prohibits state agencies from using artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued electronic devices and state-operated networks. An artificial intelligence platform of concern is defined as the DeepSeek artificial intelligence model or any AI model controlled by spe", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用受关注的人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313) 生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 1 日，禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用相关人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313) 在法典中公布后生效。该法案禁止国家机构在国家发行的电子设备和国家运营的网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台。受关注的人工智能平台被定义为DeepSeek人工智能模型或由特定控制的任何AI模型" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Office of Administrative Law approved Employment Regulations Regarding Automated-Decision Systems", "url": "https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/2025/06/30/civil-rights-council-secures-approval-for-regulations-to-protect-against-employment-discrimination-related-to-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 27 June 2025, the Office of Administrative Law approved the final regulations issued by the California Civil Rights Council concerning the application of existing antidiscrimination laws to artificial intelligence, algorithms, and other automated-decision systems used in employment contexts. The regulations address the risks of discriminatory outcomes associated with the use of emerging technologies in hiring, promotion, and other employment decisions, and clarify employers’ obligations unde", "categories": [ "Labour Law" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "行政法办公室批准《自动决策系统就业条例》", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 27 日，行政法办公室批准了加州民权委员会发布的关于现有反歧视法适用于就业环境中使用的人工智能、算法和其他自动决策系统的最终法规。 该法规解决了在招聘、晋升和其他就业决策中使用新兴技术所带来的歧视性结果的风险，并明确了雇主在该规定下的义务。" }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Bill amending Business and Professions Code to include provisions on implication of professional licensure by AI systems was passed by State Assembly", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB489", "description": "On 2 June 2025, the Bill amending the Business and Professions Code to include provisions on the implication of professional licensure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems was passed by the State Assembly. The Bill seeks to regulate the use of AI in health care. The Bill applies to developers and deployers of AI or generative AI systems that use medical titles or terms implying professional licensure. It prohibits AI tools from suggesting that advice or care is provided by licensed health pro", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州议会通过了修订《商业和职业法》的法案，以纳入有关人工智能系统专业许可影响的条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 2 日，州议会通过了修订《商业和专业法》的法案，纳入有关人工智能 (AI) 系统专业许可影响的条款。该法案旨在规范人工智能在医疗保健领域的使用。该法案适用于使用暗示专业许可的医学头衔或术语的人工智能或生成人工智能系统的开发者和部署者。它禁止人工智能工具暗示建议或护理是由有执照的健康专业人士提供的" }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Bill on the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB1806) was adopted by Illinois Legislature", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/PublicActs/View/104-0054", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the Wellness and Oversight for Psychological Resources Act (HB 1806) passed both houses of the 104th General Assembly of the State of Illinois, namely the House of Representatives and the Senate. The Act prohibits any individual, corporation, or entity from providing, advertising, or otherwise offering therapy or psychotherapy services, including through the use of Internet-based artificial intelligence (AI), unless such services are conducted by a licensed professional as define", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法机关通过了《心理资源健康和监督法案》(HB1806)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 30 日，《心理资源健康和监督法案》(HB 1806) 在伊利诺伊州第 104 届大会两院（即众议院和参议院）获得通过。该法案禁止任何个人、公司或实体提供、广告或以其他方式提供治疗或心理治疗服务，包括通过使用基于互联网的人工智能 (AI)，除非此类服务由定义为有执照的专业人士进行。" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Act criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) enters into force", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Act criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) enters into force. The Act prohibits the knowing or purposeful disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting an identifiable individual without that individual’s consent, where the disclosure is likely to cause substantial emotional distress or is intended to terrify, threaten, harass, intimidate, or injure. It also prohibits the possession and threatened dis", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为刑事犯罪的法案 (SB 413) 生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为犯罪的法案 (SB 413) 生效。该法案禁止在未经个人同意的情况下明知或故意披露描绘可识别个人的明确合成媒体，如果披露可能会造成严重的情绪困扰或意图恐吓、威胁、骚扰、恐吓或伤害。它还禁止拥有和威胁使用" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security adopted guidance on general prohibition 10 under export administration regulations for Chinese advanced-computing integrated circuits", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/general-prohibition-10-guidance-may-13-2025.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) adopted guidance on the application of General Prohibition 10 (GP10) under the Export Administration Regulations (EAR) to advanced-computing integrated circuits (ICs) developed by entities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). GP10 under the EAR bans financing or servicing activities when a party knows or suspects a violation of the EAR is occurring or likely to occur. The guidance applies to companies involved in the design, prod", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业安全局通过关于中国先进计算集成电路出口管理条例一般禁止10的指导意见", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，美国工业与安全局 (BIS) 通过了关于将《出口管理条例》(EAR) 下的第 10 号一般禁令 (GP10) 适用于中华人民共和国 (PRC) 实体开发的先进计算集成电路 (IC) 的指南。当一方知道或怀疑正在发生或可能发生违反 EAR 的行为时，EAR 下的 GP10 禁止进行融资或服务活动。该指南适用于涉及设计、生产的公司" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security released Policy Statement clarifying export controls on Artificial Intelligence related integrated circuits", "url": "https://www.bis.gov/media/documents/ai-policy-statement-training-ai-models-may-13-2025", "description": "On 13 May 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security issued a Policy Statement clarifying that certain activities involving advanced computing integrated circuits (ICs) and related commodities used to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models may require an export authorisation under the Export Administration Regulations. The Statement applies to exporters, re-exporters, transferors, and U.S. persons engaged in transactions or support involving items such as servers and chips. This is particularl", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业安全局发布政策声明明确人工智能相关集成电路出口管制", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，工业与安全局发布政策声明，澄清涉及先进计算集成电路 (IC) 和用于训练人工智能 (AI) 模型的相关商品的某些活动可能需要根据《出口管理条例》获得出口授权。该声明适用于涉及服务器和芯片等物品的出口商、再出口商、转让人和从事交易或支持的美国人。这是特别" }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) was signed by Governor", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 12 May 2025, the Governor of the State of Montana signed Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) into law. The Bill prohibits the knowing or purposeful disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting an identifiable individual without that individual’s consent, where the disclosure is likely to cause substantial emotional distress, or is made with the intent to terrify, threaten, harass, intimidate, or injure. It al", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州长签署了将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为刑事犯罪的法案 (SB 413)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 12 日，蒙大拿州州长签署法案，将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体 (SB 413) 定为犯罪行为。该法案禁止在未经个人同意的情况下明知或故意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体，如果披露可能会造成严重的情绪困扰，或者意图恐吓、威胁、骚扰、恐吓或伤害。这一切" }, { "date": "5 May 2025", "title": "Montana legislature adopted Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413)", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 5 May 2025, the Montana Legislature adopted the Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413). The Bill will be sent to the Governor for final approval. The Bill prohibits the knowing or purposeful disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting an identifiable individual without that individual’s consent, where the disclosure is likely to cause substantial emotional distress, or is made with the intent to terrify, threat", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "蒙大拿州立法机关通过了一项法案，将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为犯罪行为 (SB 413)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 5 日，蒙大拿州立法机关通过了一项法案，将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为犯罪行为 (SB 413)。该法案将送交总督最终批准。该法案禁止在未经个人同意的情况下明知或故意披露描绘可识别个人的明确合成媒体，而该披露可能会造成严重的情绪困扰，或意图恐吓、威胁" }, { "date": "5 May 2025", "title": "Governor signed Bill prohibiting nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images (HB 1364)", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1364&Session=2500", "description": "On 5 May 2025, the Governor of Oklahoma signed House Bill 1364 (HB 1364) into law, prohibiting the nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images. The Bill will enter into force on 1 November 2025. It amends the Oklahoma Law on Obscenity and Child Sexual Abuse Material to cover the dissemination of private sexual images, including those created or altered using artificial intelligence or other technical means. It introduces definitions for “artificial intelligence,” “generative artificial i", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州长签署法案，禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像 (HB 1364)", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 5 日，俄克拉荷马州州长将众议院第 1364 号法案 (HB 1364) 签署为法律，禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像。该法案将于 2025 年 11 月 1 日生效。它修订了俄克拉荷马州《淫秽和儿童性虐待材料法》，以涵盖私人性图像的传播，包括使用人工智能或其他技术手段创建或更改的图像。它介绍了“人工智能”、“生成式人工智能”的定义。" }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Bill prohibiting nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images (HB 1364) adopted by Oklahoma Legislature", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1364&Session=2500", "description": "On 30 April 2025, the Oklahoma Legislature adopted House Bill 1364 (HB 1364), which prohibits the nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images. The Bill now awaits the Governor’s approval. It amends the Oklahoma Law on Obscenity and Child Sexual Abuse Material to cover the dissemination of private sexual images, including those created or altered using artificial intelligence or other technical means. It introduces definitions for “artificial intelligence,” “generative artificial intellig", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州立法机构通过的禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像的法案 (HB 1364)", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 30 日，俄克拉荷马州立法机关通过了众议院第 1364 号法案 (HB 1364)，禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像。该法案目前正在等待州长的批准。它修订了俄克拉荷马州《淫秽和儿童性虐待材料法》，以涵盖私人性图像的传播，包括使用人工智能或其他技术手段创建或更改的图像。它介绍了“人工智能”、“生成人工智能”的定义" }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "Governor signed Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for the unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes (HB 1529/Act 827)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=hb1529&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 17 April 2025, the Governor of Arkansas signed House Bill 1529 establishing criminal and civil penalties for the unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes as Act 827 into law. The Bill defines “deepfake visual material” as digitally manipulated images or videos that appear to depict an identifiable person and falsely portray their appearance, voice, or conduct. It proposes to criminalise the knowing creation or distribution of such material, without consent, when it depicts an identifiab", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州长签署法案，规定对非法制作或传播 Deepfake 的刑事和民事处罚（HB 1529/Act 827）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 17 日，阿肯色州州长签署了众议院第 1529 号法案，规定对非法创建或传播深度伪造品的刑事和民事处罚，将第 827 号法案纳入法律。该法案将“深度伪造视觉材料”定义为经过数字处理的图像或视频，这些图像或视频似乎描绘了可识别的人并错误地描绘了他们的外表、声音或行为。它建议将在未经同意的情况下明知创建或传播此类材料定为犯罪行为，前提是此类材料描述了可识别身份" }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Act Regarding the Ownership of Model Training and Content Generated by a Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool (HB 1876) was adopted by Arkansas State Legislature", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=HB1876&ddBienniumSession=2025/2025R", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the Arkansas State Legislature adopted an Act Regarding the Ownership of Model Training and Content Generated by a Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool (HB 1876). The Act applies to individuals and entities using generative artificial intelligence tools for either content generation or model training. The Act provides that the person supplying input or directives to a generative AI tool owns the generated content, provided no copyright or intellectual property infringement o", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿肯色州立法机关通过了关于模型训练和生成人工智能工具生成的内容的所有权的法案 (HB 1876)", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 15 日，阿肯色州立法机关通过了一项关于模型训练和生成人工智能工具生成的内容的所有权的法案 (HB 1876)。该法案适用于使用生成人工智能工具进行内容生成或模型训练的个人和实体。该法案规定，向生成人工智能工具提供输入或指令的人拥有生成的内容，前提是不侵犯版权或知识产权。" }, { "date": "14 April 2025", "title": "Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes (HB 1529) was adopted by Arkansas Legislature", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=hb1529&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 14 April 2025, House Bill 1529 establishing criminal and civil penalties for unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes was adopted by the Arkansas House of Representatives following passage from the Senate. The Bill defines “deepfake visual material” as digitally manipulated images or videos that appear to depict an identifiable person and falsely portray their appearance, voice, or conduct. It proposes to criminalise the knowing creation or distribution of such material, without consent", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿肯色州立法机构通过了对非法制作或传播深度伪造品进行刑事和民事处罚的法案 (HB 1529)", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 14 日，阿肯色州众议院在参议院通过后通过了第 1529 号众议院法案，规定对非法制作或传播深度伪造品的刑事和民事处罚。该法案将“深度伪造视觉材料”定义为经过数字处理的图像或视频，这些图像或视频似乎描绘了可识别的人并错误地描绘了他们的外表、声音或行为。它建议将未经同意而明知创建或分发此类材料的行为定为犯罪" }, { "date": "8 April 2025", "title": "House of Representatives passed Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes (HB 1529)", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=hb1529&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the Arkansas House of Representatives passed House Bill 1529, establishing criminal and civil penalties for the unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes. The Bill would define “deepfake visual material” as digitally manipulated images or videos that appear to depict an identifiable person and falsely portray their appearance, voice, or conduct. It would criminalise the knowing creation or distribution of such material, without consent, when it depicts an identifiable perso", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "众议院通过法案，规定对非法制作或传播深度伪造品的刑事和民事处罚（HB 1529）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 8 日，阿肯色州众议院通过了第 1529 号众议院法案，规定对非法创建或传播深度伪造品的刑事和民事处罚。该法案将“深度伪造视觉材料”定义为经过数字处理的图像或视频，这些图像或视频似乎描绘了可识别的人并错误地描绘了他们的外表、声音或行为。当此类材料描绘了可识别的个人时，未经同意而明知创建或分发此类材料将被定为刑事犯罪" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "White House Office of Management and Budget adopted Memorandum promoting rapid and responsible Artificial Intelligence adoption (No. M-25-21)", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/M-25-21-Accelerating-Federal-Use-of-AI-through-Innovation-Governance-and-Public-Trust.pdf", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) adopted the Memorandum promoting rapid and responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption. The Memorandum applies to federal bodies developing, procuring or deploying AI technologies, particularly where there may be implications for privacy, civil rights or civil liberties. It redefines Chief AI Officers as AI advocates responsible for driving agency-wide adoption of lower-risk AI, mitigating risks linked to high-impact us", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "白宫管理和预算办公室通过了促进快速、负责任地采用人工智能的备忘录（编号 M-25-21）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 3 日，白宫管理和预算办公室 (OMB) 通过了促进快速、负责任地采用人工智能 (AI) 的备忘录。该备忘录适用于开发、采购或部署人工智能技术的联邦机构，特别是可能影响隐私、公民权利或公民自由的领域。它将首席人工智能官重新定义为人工智能倡导者，负责推动整个机构采用低风险人工智能，减轻与高影响力我们相关的风险" }, { "date": "1 April 2025", "title": "State Legislature adopted Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313)", "url": "https://www.sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2025/Chapter-84-HB-2313.html", "description": "On 1 April 2025, the Kansas Legislature adopted the Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313). The Act will prohibit state agencies from using artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued electronic devices and state-operated networks. An artificial intelligence platform of concern is defined as the DeepSeek artificial intelligence model or any AI model controlled by specific entities or a country of con", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "州立法机关通过了禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用令人关注的人工智能平台的法案（HB 2313）", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 1 日，堪萨斯州立法机关通过了禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313)。该法案将禁止国家机构在国家发行的电子设备和国家运营的网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台。受关注的人工智能平台被定义为DeepSeek人工智能模型或由特定实体或国家控制的任何人工智能模型。" }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "Federal Communications Commission issued consumer alert on scam robocalls targeting Chinese American community", "url": "https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-410479A1.pdf", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued a consumer alert concerning scam robocalls targeting the Chinese-American community in the United States. These fraudulent calls, often conducted in Chinese, use coercive tactics to solicit personal information or financial transfers from recipients. The callers impersonate entities such as law enforcement agencies, healthcare providers, or federal officials to create a false appearance of legitimacy. Reported cases have includ", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国联邦通信委员会就针对华裔美国人社区的诈骗机器人电话发出消费者警报", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 28 日，美国联邦通信委员会 (FCC) 发布了针对针对美国华裔社区的诈骗机器人电话的消费者警报。这些欺诈电话通常用中文进行，采用胁迫手段索取收件人的个人信息或财务转账。呼叫者冒充执法机构、医疗保健提供者或联邦官员等实体，以制造合法性的假象。报告的病例包括" }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "Bill prohibiting nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images (HB 1364) passed Oklahoma House of Representatives", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1364&Session=2500", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the Oklahoma House of Representatives passed House Bill 1364 (HB 1364), which prohibits the nonconsensual sharing of AI-generated sexual images. The Bill will now be considered by the Senate. It would amend the Oklahoma Law on Obscenity and Child Sexual Abuse Material to cover the dissemination of private sexual images, including those created or altered using artificial intelligence or other technical means. Definitions for “artificial intelligence,” “generative artificial int", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "俄克拉荷马州众议院通过禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像的法案 (HB 1364)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 26 日，俄克拉荷马州众议院通过了第 1364 号众议院法案 (HB 1364)，禁止未经同意共享人工智能生成的性图像。该法案现在将由参议院审议。它将修订俄克拉荷马州关于淫秽和儿童性虐待材料的法律，以涵盖私人性图像的传播，包括使用人工智能或其他技术手段创建或更改的图像。 “人工智能”、“生成人工智能”的定义" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security adopted rule amending the Export Administration Regulations by updating the Entity List with 70 new entities and outlining licensing requirements related to artificial intelligence tools and advanced computing capabilities", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05426/additions-and-modifications-to-the-entity-list", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the Department of Commerce added 70 entities to the Entity List. These entities are located in China (42), Iran (2), Pakistan (19), South Africa (3), and the United Arab Emirates (4). The rule applies to entities involved in activities contrary to US national security or foreign policy interests, including contributions to Pakistan's nuclear activities and China's military modernisation. Additions include Chinese entities like Aerona", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业和安全局通过了修订《出口管理条例》的规则，更新了实体清单，增加了 70 个新实体，并概述了与人工智能工具和先进计算能力相关的许可要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 28 日，商务部工业与安全局（BIS）将 70 家实体添加到实体清单中。这些实体位于中国 (42)、伊朗 (2)、巴基斯坦 (19)、南非 (3) 和阿拉伯联合酋长国 (4)。该规则适用于参与违反美国国家安全或外交政策利益的活动的实体，包括对巴基斯坦核活动和中国军事现代化的贡献。新增成员包括 Aerona 等中国实体" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Bureau of Industry and Security adopted rule amending the Export Administration Regulations by updating the Entity List with 12 new entities and outlining licensing requirements related to artificial intelligence tools and advanced computing capabilities", "url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/03/28/2025-05427/additions-to-the-entity-list", "description": "On 25 March 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the United States Department of Commerce amended the Export Administration Regulations by adding twelve entities to the Entity List, including Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Inspur Electronic Information Industry Co., Ltd., and Suma Technology Co., Ltd. The twelve organisations—eleven from the People's Republic of China and one from Taiwan—are subject to additional export licensing requirements for items under the Export", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "工业和安全局通过了修订《出口管理条例》的规则，更新了实体清单，增加了 12 个新实体，并概述了与人工智能工具和先进计算能力相关的许可要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 25 日，美国商务部工业与安全局（BIS）修订《出口管理条例》，将北京人工智能研究院、浪潮电子信息产业有限公司、苏玛科技有限公司等 12 家实体列入实体清单。这 12 家机构（其中 11 家来自中华人民共和国，1 家来自台湾）对出口管制项目中的物品须遵守额外的出口许可要求。" }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "New Jersey Legislature adopted Bill establishing criminal penalties for production or dissemination of deepfakes (AB A3540)", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/A3540", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the New Jersey Legislature passed the Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for the production and dissemination of deceptive audio or visual media, commonly referred to as “deepfakes” (AB A3540) following approval by both legislative chambers. It defines such media as synthetic content that appears to realistically depict speech or conduct that did not occur and was produced primarily through technical means. The Bill creates third-degree criminal offences for knowing", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新泽西州立法机关通过了一项法案，规定对深度伪造品的生产或传播进行刑事处罚 (AB A3540)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 24 日，新泽西州立法机关通过了一项法案，经两院批准后，对制作和传播欺骗性音频或视频媒体（通常称为“深度造假”（AB A3540））规定了刑事和民事处罚。它将此类媒体定义为合成内容，似乎真实地描述了未发生的、主要通过技术手段产生的言论或行为。该法案将明知罪定为三级刑事犯罪" }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Published updated NIST Guidance on Adversarial Machine Learning Threats (NIST.AI.100-2 E2025)", "url": "https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ai/100/2/e2023/final", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published an updated version of Adversarial Machine Learning: A Taxonomy and Terminology of Attacks and Mitigations (NIST.AI.100-2 E2025). This provides an update from the initial 2023 version (NIST.AI.100-2 E2023). The document introduces a taxonomy that categorises attacks on predictive and generative AI based on the stage of the machine learning lifecycle, attacker objectives, capabilities, and knowledge. It addresses", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "发布了更新的 NIST 关于对抗性机器学习威胁的指南 (NIST.AI.100-2 E2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 24 日，美国国家标准与技术研究所 (NIST) 发布了更新版本的对抗性机器学习：攻击和缓解的分类和术语 (NIST.AI.100-2 E2025)。这提供了初始 2023 版本 (NIST.AI.100-2 E2023) 的更新。该文件引入了一种分类法，根据机器学习生命周期的阶段、攻击者目标、能力和知识对预测性和生成式人工智能的攻击进行分类。它解决了" }, { "date": "18 March 2025", "title": "Columbia District Court of Appeals issued ruling upholding human authorship requirement for copyright protection (Thaler v USPTO/case No. 23-5233)", "url": "https://www.supremecourt.gov/search.aspx?filename=/docket/docketfiles/html/public/25-449.html#", "description": "On 18 March 2025, the Columbia District Court of Appeals upheld the United States Copyright Office’s decision that human authorship is required for copyright protection under the Copyright Act of 1978. The ruling reaffirmed that artificial intelligence (AI) generated content cannot be copyrighted. The ruling focused on the statutory language, noting that AI, as a machine, cannot own property, have a lifespan, inherit rights, sign documents, or form intent, elements integral to copyright law. It ", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "哥伦比亚地区上诉法院发布裁决，维持版权保护的人类作者要求（Thaler 诉 USPTO/案件号 23-5233）", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 18 日，哥伦比亚地区上诉法院维持了美国版权局的裁决，即根据 1978 年《版权法》，版权保护需要人类作者身份。该裁决重申，人工智能 (AI) 生成的内容不能受版权保护。该裁决侧重于法定语言，指出人工智能作为机器，不能拥有财产、寿命、继承权、签署文件或形成意图，这些都是版权法不可或缺的要素。它" }, { "date": "15 March 2025", "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology closes consultation on updated guidelines on managing misuse risk for dual-use foundation models (NIST AI 800-1)", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2025/01/updated-guidelines-managing-misuse-risk-dual-use-foundation-models", "description": "On 15 March 2025, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) closes the public consultation on the updated guidelines on managing misuse risk for dual-use foundation models. The guidelines offer voluntary best practices to identify and mitigate risks to public safety and national security in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) lifecycle. It provides a framework for mapping, measuring, managing, and governing risks while promoting transparency and collaboration. The updated guidelines", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国国家标准与技术研究院结束关于管理两用基础模型误用风险更新指南的咨询 (NIST AI 800-1)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 15 日，美国国家标准与技术研究院 (NIST) 结束了关于管理两用基础模型误用风险更新指南的公众咨询。该指南提供了自愿的最佳实践，以识别和减轻人工智能 (AI) 生命周期中公共安全和国家安全的风险。它提供了一个绘制、衡量、管理和治理风险的框架，同时促进透明度和协作。更新后的指南" }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "House of Representatives passed Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313)", "url": "https://www.sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2025/Chapter-84-HB-2313.html", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313) was passed by the Kansas House of Representatives. The Act will prohibit state agencies from using artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued electronic devices and state-operated networks. An artificial intelligence platform of concern is defined as the DeepSeek artificial intelligence model or any AI model controlled by specific entities ", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "众议院通过法案，禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台 (HB 2313)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 7 日，堪萨斯州众议院通过了禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用令人关注的人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313)。该法案将禁止国家机构在国家发行的电子设备和国家运营的网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台。受关注的人工智能平台被定义为DeepSeek人工智能模型或由特定实体控制的任何人工智能模型" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) was introduced to Montana Senate", "url": "https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1066?open_tab=sum", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the Bill criminalising non-consensual disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting identifiable individuals (SB 413) was introduced in the Montana Senate. The Bill would prohibit the knowing or purposeful disclosure of explicit synthetic media depicting an identifiable individual without that individual’s consent, where the disclosure would likely cause substantial emotional distress or would be made with the intent to terrify, threaten, harass, intimidate, or injure. It", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "向蒙大拿州参议院提交了将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为刑事犯罪的法案 (SB 413)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，蒙大拿州参议院提出了一项法案，将未经同意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体定为刑事犯罪 (SB 413)。该法案将禁止在未经个人同意的情况下明知或故意披露描述可识别个人的明确合成媒体，如果披露可能会导致严重的情绪困扰或意图恐吓、威胁、骚扰、恐吓或伤害。它" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "President signed memorandum on America First Investment Policy", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/america-first-investment-policy/?mc_cid=1d9f1dd5ca&mc_eid=0334a22dfe", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the President of the United States adopted a memorandum on \"America First Investment Policy”, addressing levels of foreign investment in high-impact sectors such as machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence (AI), semiconductors, and technological consumer goods. The policy emphasises the importance of maintaining an open investment environment to attract foreign capital, particularly from the allies of the United States, while safeguarding critical US technologies and i", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统签署美国优先投资政策备忘录", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，美国总统通过了一份关于“美国优先投资政策”的备忘录，解决了机器学习 (ML)、人工智能 (AI)、半导体和技术消费品等高影响力行业的外国投资水平。该政策强调保持开放的投资环境以吸引外国资本（特别是来自美国盟友的外国资本）的重要性，同时保护美国的关键技术和技术" }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "President signed memorandum to defend American companies and innovators from overseas extortion including direction for Digital Service Tax investigations", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/02/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-issues-directive-to-prevent-the-unfair-exploitation-of-american-innovation/", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the United States President signed the “memorandum to defend American companies and innovators from overseas extortion” including direction for Digital Service Tax investigations. The memorandum directs the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to renew and expand investigations into digital service taxes (DSTs) imposed by foreign governments. These DSTs apply to American companies operating abroad without consideration for local jurisdiction. The memorandum outlines po", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "总统签署备忘录，保护美国公司和创新者免受海外勒索，包括数字服务税调查的指示", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 21 日，美国总统签署了“保护美国公司和创新者免受海外勒索的备忘录”，其中包括数字服务税调查的指示。 该备忘录指示美国贸易代表（USTR）更新并扩大对外国政府征收的数字服务税（DST）的调查。这些数字服务税适用于在海外运营的美国公司，而不考虑当地管辖权。备忘录概述了" }, { "date": "19 February 2025", "title": "Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes (HB 1529) was introduced to Arkansas House of Representatives", "url": "https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?id=hb1529&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R", "description": "On 19 February 2025, a Bill establishing criminal and civil penalties for the unlawful creation or distribution of deepfakes (HB 1529) was introduced to the Arkansas House of Representatives. The Bill would define “deepfake visual material” as digitally manipulated images or videos that appear to depict an identifiable person and falsely portray their appearance, voice, or conduct. It would criminalise the knowing creation or distribution of such material, without consent, when it depicts an ide", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "向阿肯色州众议院提交了对非法制作或传播深度伪造品进行刑事和民事处罚的法案 (HB 1529)", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 19 日，向阿肯色州众议院提交了一项法案，规定对非法制作或传播深度假货的刑事和民事处罚（HB 1529）。该法案将“深度伪造视觉材料”定义为经过数字处理的图像或视频，这些图像或视频似乎描绘了可识别的人并错误地描绘了他们的外表、声音或行为。当此类材料描绘一种思想时，未经同意而明知创建或分发此类材料将被定为犯罪" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Governor of Virginia adopted executive order banning use of Deepseek on state government devices and network (Order No. 46)", "url": "https://www.governor.virginia.gov/media/governorvirginiagov/executive-actions/Governor-Glenn-Youngkin-Bans-DeepSeek-AI.pdf", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Governor of Virginia adopted an executive order banning the use of the DeepSeek on government-owned or government-leased devices, and on government-owned or government-maintained networks. The order highlighted security and privacy concerns, including the possibility of user data being accessed by the government of the People's Republic of China. The order highlighted studies finding multiple security flaws in DeepSeek, including unencrypted data transmission, vulnerabil", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州州长通过行政命令，禁止在州政府设备和网络上使用 Deepseek（第 46 号命令）", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 11 日，弗吉尼亚州州长通过了一项行政命令，禁止在政府拥有或政府租赁的设备以及政府拥有或政府维护的网络上使用 DeepSeek。该命令强调了安全和隐私问题，包括中华人民共和国政府访问用户数据的可能性。该命令强调了在 DeepSeek 中发现多个安全漏洞的研究，包括未加密的数据传输、漏洞" }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending Business and Professions Code to include provisions on implication of professional licensure by AI systems was introduced to State Assembly", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB489", "description": "On 10 February 2025, the Bill amending the Business and Professions Code to include provisions on the implication of professional licensure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems was introduced to the State Assembly. The Bill seeks to regulate the use of AI in health care. The Bill applies to developers and deployers of AI or generative AI systems that use medical titles or terms implying professional licensure. It prohibits AI tools from suggesting that advice or care is provided by licensed h", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "向州议会提交了修订《商业和职业法》的法案，以纳入有关人工智能系统专业许可影响的条款", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 10 日，向州议会提交了修订《商业和职业法》的法案，以纳入有关人工智能 (AI) 系统专业许可影响的条款。该法案旨在规范人工智能在医疗保健领域的使用。该法案适用于使用暗示专业许可的医学头衔或术语的人工智能或生成人工智能系统的开发者和部署者。它禁止人工智能工具暗示建议或护理是由有执照的人提供的。" }, { "date": "6 February 2025", "title": "Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313) was introduced to House of Representatives", "url": "https://www.sos.ks.gov/publications/sessionlaws/2025/Chapter-84-HB-2313.html", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the Act prohibiting the use of artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued devices and networks (HB 2313) was introduced to the Kansas House of Representatives. The bill proposes to prohibit state agencies from using artificial intelligence platforms of concern on state-issued electronic devices and state-operated networks. An artificial intelligence platform of concern is defined as the DeepSeek artificial intelligence model or any AI model controlled by spe", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313) 已提交众议院", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 6 日，向堪萨斯州众议院提交了禁止在国家发行的设备和网络上使用相关人工智能平台的法案 (HB 2313)。该法案提议禁止国家机构在国家发行的电子设备和国家运营的网络上使用令人担忧的人工智能平台。受关注的人工智能平台被定义为DeepSeek人工智能模型或由特定控制的任何AI模型" }, { "title": "United States v. Farris", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1903/USA_v._Farris_USA_3_April_2026.pdf", "date": "3 April 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zavadovsky v. Republic of Austria, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1921/Zavadovsky_v._Austria_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "date": "31 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hampton v. Lofton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1912/Hampton_v._Lofton_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "date": "31 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nguedi v. General Dynamics Information Technology", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1909/Nguedi_v._AO_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "date": "31 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Danuta Dec v. Homeland Security", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1870/Danuta_Dec_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "date": "30 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "McCarthy v. U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1858/McCarthy_v._DEA_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "date": "27 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mission Critical Project Services, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1856/Mission_Critical_Project_Serv._B-424081.2_March_26_2026.pdf", "date": "26 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Elilton Alves Gouveia v. Meridian Financial Investments", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1822/Elilton_v._Meridian_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "date": "25 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kevin Lee Biglow v. Dell Technologies Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1831/Biglow_v._Dell_USA_24_March_2026.pdf", "date": "24 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Couvrette v. Wisnovsky", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1170/Couvrette_v._Wisnoksy_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "date": "23 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hessert v. Hessert & Wieland-Pulayya", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1769/Hessert_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "date": "20 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "State v. Coleman", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1774/2026-Ohio-965.pdf", "date": "20 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Prososki v. Regan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1699/N00013081PUB.pdf", "date": "20 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Anna Sheerer v. Thomas Panas", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1767/Sheerer_v._Panas_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "date": "19 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Keirton Inc. v. Mersad Rahmanovic", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1775/In_re_Mersad_Rahmanovic_Debtor_Keirton.pdf", "date": "19 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Davos Francois v. Vive Financial", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1762/Francois_v._Vive_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "date": "18 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Michael Wayne Singletary v. SWBC Mortgage Corporation et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1773/Singletary_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "date": "17 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gregory Richmond and Lynne Richmond v. City of Newport, Washington", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1690/Richmond_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "date": "17 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Esterra Commons Venture, LLC dba Verde Esterra Park v. Justin Norton", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1688/Esterra_v._Norton_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "date": "16 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "DSME Construction Co., Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1875/dsme_construction_co._ltd._63878.pdf", "date": "13 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kateryna Maslovska v. Ekaterina Shigabetdinova", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1655/MASLOVSKA_v_EKATERINA_SHIGABETDINOVA_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "date": "11 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Arno Kuigoua v. Adam Michael Sacks", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1678/Kouigoua_v._Sacks_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "date": "10 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re A.R. and N.R., Minors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1654/In_re_AR_and_NR_Minors_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "date": "10 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Andre Lamont Goddard, Jr. v. City University of Seattle", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1651/Lamont_v._City_U_of_Seattle_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "date": "6 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Lusine Hakhverdyan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1618/In_re_Lusine_Hackverdyan_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "date": "3 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Straub v. Henderson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1588/Straub_v._Henderson_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "date": "25 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Moses v. State", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1625/Moses_V_State_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "date": "25 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Louis J. Blazy v. Department of State", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1573/Blazy_v._State.pdf", "date": "24 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kendle Mardis v. Dealer Loyalty Protection, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1553/Mardis_v._Dealer_Loyalty_Protection_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "date": "18 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Fletcher v. Experian Information Solutions & Bridgecrest Credit Company", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1539/Fletcher_v._Experian_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "date": "18 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Matter of: Adapt Forward, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1597/Adapt_Forward.pdf", "date": "18 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "CHP 1010 McDowell et al. v. James Costello Turpen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1558/In_re_Jorge_Luis_Mier_Escobedo_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "date": "17 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "G2 Ops, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1685/G2_Ops_Inc..pdf", "date": "13 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Martha Liliana Picon-Diaz et al. v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1517/Picon_Diaz_v._Bondi_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "date": "13 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "CVTEK, LLC (B-423943; B-423943.2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1541/CVTEK_LLC.pdf", "date": "12 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Flora Chumpitaz-Morales v. Pamela J. Bondi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1490/FLORA_CHUMPITAZ-MORALES_-_DSTC_Petitioners_v_PAMELA_J_BONDI_United_States_A.pdf", "date": "11 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Thomas Carl Dodds, Jr. v. Carrie Bridges", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1499/THOMAS_CARL_DODDS_JR_Petitioner_-_Appellant_v_CARRIE_BRIDGES_Respondent_-_.pdf", "date": "11 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tabitha Alberti v. District of Columbia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1478/Alberti_v._DC_USA_10_February_2026.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "United States v. Clint Travis Rodgers", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1501/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_Plaintiff_v_2_CLINT_TRAVIS_RODGERS_Defendant.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kusmin L. Amarsingh v. Frontier Airlines, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1484/Amarsingh_v._Frontier_Airlines.pdf", "date": "9 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Peter L. Clinco v. Commissioner", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1474/Clinco_v._Commissionner.pdf", "date": "9 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nelson L. Bruce v. The United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1508/Nelson_L_Bruce_Plaintiff_v_The_United_States_Defendant.pdf", "date": "9 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "David Angel Sifuentes, III v. Capital One", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1502/DAVID_ANGEL_SIFUENTES_III_Plaintiff_-_Appellant_v_CAPITAL_ONE_Defendant_-_.pdf", "date": "6 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Raul Gonzales Davila v. Roblen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1511/RAUL_GONZALES_DAVILA_Plaintiff_v_ROBLEN_LLC_fdba_VICOLO_PIZZA_RESTAURANT_a.pdf", "date": "6 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Snowflake, Inc., Data Security Breach Litigation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1504/IN_RE_SNOWFLAKE_INC_DATA_SECURITY_BREACH_LITIGATION.pdf", "date": "5 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Matter of: Bramstedt Surgical Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1425/Bramstedt_Surgical_Inc_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "date": "28 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Life Together Coaching, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1423/Life_Together_Coaching_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "date": "28 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Solomon A. Jones v. Kankakee County Sheriff's Department, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1367/Jones_v._Kankakee_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "date": "21 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mary Stephens v. Helena-West Helena School District", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1371/Stephens_v._Helena_West_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "date": "20 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re: IMO the Estate of Joseph L. Weddington", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1388/Re_IMO_the_Estate_of_Joseph_L_Weddington_Jr_deceased.pdf", "date": "15 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Boyd v. Lee", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1383/Boyd_v_Lee_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "date": "14 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Saad Hanna v. Kimberly A. Nelson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1307/Hanna_v._Nelson_USA_8_January_2026.pdf", "date": "8 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Jessica Baker v. Ryan Joseph Baker", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1296/Baker_v._Baker_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "date": "7 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tamisha Shaw v. Coast Dental of Georgia et al/", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1576/Shaw_v._Coast_Dental_USA_6_January_2026.pdf", "date": "6 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Washburn v. Houston", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1275/Washburn_v._Houston_2_January_2026.pdf", "date": "2 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency v. Bradley K. Bass, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1273/MASSACHUSETTS_HOUSING_FINANCE_AGENCY_v._Bass_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "date": "31 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tiffany Regina Ringer v. Bank of America, N.A.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1290/Ringer_v._BoAM_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "date": "30 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cherleatha B. v. Frank Bisignano", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1232/Bogan_v._Comm_USA_29_DEcember_2025.pdf", "date": "29 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Krystle J. Lyons v. Oak Harbor School District", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1261/Lyons_v._Oak_Harbor_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "date": "23 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Matter of: KE System Services, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1224/KE_System_Services_Inc._USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "date": "22 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Donovan v. Clark County Assessor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1260/Donovan_v_Clark_County_Assessor_USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "date": "22 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Disability Rights Mississippi v. Palmer Home for Children", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1225/Disability_Rights_Mississippi_v._Palmer_Home_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "date": "19 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Edward Starski v. Chandler Holderness", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1201/Starski_v._Holderness_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "date": "18 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Alex Abrami et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1222/Lafayette_v._Abrami_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "date": "18 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Dorsey v. Jones", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1200/Dorsey_v_Jones_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "date": "16 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Holmes Family Trust v. Multnomah County Assessor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1251/Holmes_Family_Trust_v_Multnomah_County_Assessor_uSA_16_December_2025.pdf", "date": "16 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Christina Garcia v. Atwater Elementary Teachers Association", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1240/Garcia_v._Atwater_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "date": "15 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sayali Kulkarni & Abhijit Kulkarni v. Merit Systems Protection Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1180/ABHIJIT_KULKARNI_v._MSPB_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "date": "15 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Jordan v. Beskrone (In re Prehired LLC)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1244/in_re_Jordan_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "date": "12 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Russell v. Mells", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1284/Russell_v._Mells_Opinion_USA_10_DEcember_2025.pdf", "date": "10 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Associated Builders and Contractors v. Bucks County Community College", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1140/Associated_Builds_v._Bucks_County_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "date": "5 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Shana Jordan, et al. v. Chicago Housing Authority et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1159/Jordan_v._CHA_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "date": "5 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Eddie Lawrence Quitugua v. Donna P. Quitugua, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1149/Quitugua_v._Quitugua_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "date": "3 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rashonna Moore v. City of Del City", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1143/Moore_v._City_of_Del_City_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "date": "3 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Avi Schwalb", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1155/In_re_Schwalb_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "date": "2 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "De Ford, Bader, and Key v. James Koutoulas and LGBCoin, LTD", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1121/De_Ford_v._Koutoulas_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "date": "2 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Marguerite Latete Kilpatrick", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1091/In_re_Marguerite_Latete_Kilpatrick_Debtor_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "date": "24 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Supplying Demand, LLC (Matter of)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1083/Supplying_Demand_LLC_USA_November_24_2025.pdf", "date": "24 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1368/Pletcher_v_Village_of_Libertyville_Police_Pension_Board.pdf", "date": "24 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nuvola, LLC v. Wright", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1354/Nuvola__LLC_v._Wright_USA_21_November_2025.Pdf", "date": "21 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Linda Oliver v. Christian Dribusch", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1067/Oliver_v._Dribusch_21_November_2025.pdf", "date": "21 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Shields v. First Financial", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1435/Raymond_Alan_Shields_v._First_Financial_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "date": "21 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Jackson Hospital & Clinic, Inc., et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1065/Jackson_Hospital__Clinic_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "date": "20 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ekeocha v. U.S. Department of State", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1058/Ekeocha_v._US_State_Department_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "date": "19 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Bryant", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1059/In_re_Bryant_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "date": "18 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Robbin Y. Miller v. Andrew Stuart", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1022/Miller_v._Stuart_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "date": "13 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Richard LaRoche v. Darla Sterett (LaRoche)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1033/Richard_LaRoche_v_Darla_Sterett_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "date": "13 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nathan Strong v. The United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1016/Strong_v._USA_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "date": "13 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Interest of M. O. W.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1029/Interest_of_M_O_W_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "date": "7 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rivera Carrasquillo v. USA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1028/Rivera-Carrasquillo_v._USA_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "date": "7 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kheir v. Titan Team, The Money Source Inc., and Auction.com", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/978/Kheir_v._Titan_Team_The_Money_Source__Auction.com_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "date": "4 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Attorney Disciplinary Board v. Richard Louis Pazdernik, Jr.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1277/25-1618_R._Pazdernik_public_reprimand_order.pdf", "date": "31 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kaleb Alexander Hoosier v. Executive Centre Association, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1001/Hoosier_v._Executive_Centre_Association_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "date": "31 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Pamela Williams", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/970/In_re_Pamela_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "date": "30 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Loletha Hale, Esq. (Boston v. Williams)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1012/Boston_et_al._v._Williams_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "date": "28 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Sherry Ann McGann", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/967/In_re_Sherry_Ann_Mcgann_USA_27_October_2025.pdf", "date": "27 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Appeals of Huffman Construction, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1040/Huffman_Construction_LLC_Hamady_10.23.25_Non-Disp_Decision.pdf", "date": "23 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "McCaster v. United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1043/McCaster_v._USA_USA_23_October_2025.pdf", "date": "23 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Alexandria Jones v. DC Office of Unified Communications", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/906/Jones_v._DC_Office_of_Unified_Communication_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "date": "22 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "FCA US LLC v. Stan Steele/Steele Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/994/FCA_US_LLC_v_STAN_STEELESTEELE_SERVICES_Arbitration_22_October_2025.pdf", "date": "22 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "N-BAR Trade v. Amazon", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/905/N-BAR_Trade_et_al_v._Amazon.com_Services_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "date": "22 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tippecanoe County Assessor v. Craig Goergen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/892/Tippecanoe_County_Assessor_v._Al._USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "date": "17 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Conrad Smith et al. v. Donald J. Trump et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/885/Smith_v._Trump_USA_16_OCtober_2025.pdf", "date": "16 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Polinski v. USA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/876/Polinski_v._USA_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "date": "15 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Souders v. Lazor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/864/Souders.pdf", "date": "8 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In the Matter of Stephen C.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1436/GOODMAN_10-07-25_8461-RELO__STEPHEN_C_DECISION.pdf", "date": "7 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Smith v. Athena Construction Group, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/850/SMITH_v_ATHENA_CONSTRUCTION_GROUP_INC__dcdce-18-02080__0201.0.pdf", "date": "3 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Todd Elliott Koger", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/860/Elliott_Koger_v._Usoroh_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "date": "30 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Loftong v. Grove Farms", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1874/Lofton_v._Grove_Farms_USA_26_September_2025.pdf", "date": "26 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Oready, LLC (2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/815/Oready_881816.pdf", "date": "25 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Puerto Rico Soccer League NFP, Corp., et al. v. Federación Puertorriqueña de Futbol, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/562/Puerto_Rico_Soccer_League_v._Federacion_USA_10_April_2025.pdf", "date": "23 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Molina", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/840/In_re_Molina_USA_22_September_2025.pdf", "date": "22 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Martin v. Redstone Federal Credit Union", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/809/Martin_v._Redstone_Federal_Credit_Union.pdf", "date": "19 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Facey v. Fisher, Liane et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/827/Original_Source_Image.pdf", "date": "15 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "IBS Government Services, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/744/IBS_Gov._Srvs._881152.pdf", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Clerk of the Ct. v. Rangel", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/732/Clerk_of_the_Ct._v._Rangel_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Richburg", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/731/In_re_Richburg_USA_29_August_2025.PDF", "date": "27 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Takefman v. The Pickleball Club, LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/756/Takefman_v._Pickleball_USA_27_August_2025.pdf", "date": "27 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Helgen Industries", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/725/Helgen_881022.pdf", "date": "26 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Fernando Betancourt Gómez v. Colegio de Profesionales", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/832/Orden_TPI_-_SJ_sanciones.pdf", "date": "22 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Mascio", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/737/In_re_Mascio_USA_22_August_2025.pdf", "date": "22 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Garces v. Hernandez", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/736/Garces_v._Hernandez_USA_19_August_2025.pdf", "date": "19 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Sonja Helvig DeRosa-Grund", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/719/In_Re_Derosa-Grund_USA_18_August_2025.pdf", "date": "18 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "in re: Nasser", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/714/Xu_v._Nasser_In_re_Nasser_USA_15_August_2025.pdf", "date": "15 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Oready, LLC (1)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/663/Matter_of_Oready_USA_13_August_2025.pdf", "date": "13 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hocog v. Cook-Huynh", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/724/Decision_and_Order_Granting_Defendant_Dr._Mariana_Cook-Huynhs_Motion_To_Dismiss.pdf", "date": "11 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Carla Bender 4thdistrict Appellate Ct. v. Julian S.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/649/Carla_Bender_v._Julian_S._USA_4_August_2025.PDF", "date": "4 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Damilola Obembe v. Droisys, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/776/Obembe_v._Droisys.pdf", "date": "29 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Happiness Idehen & Felix Ogieva v. Gloria Stoute-Phillip", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/645/Idehen_v_Stoute-Phillip_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "date": "29 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re: Ryan Lashon Ford", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/660/Ryan_Lashon_Ford_USA_29_July_2025.PDF", "date": "29 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Everett J. Prescott, Inc. v. Timothy J. Beall", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/640/Prescott_v._Beall_USA_24_July_2025.pdf", "date": "24 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zajradhara v. NMC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/642/Northern_Marianas_College_v._Zajradhara_USA_22_July_2025.pdf", "date": "22 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "McCarthy v. DEA", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/604/McCarthy_v._US_Mc24-2704-2025-07-21.pdf", "date": "21 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Boy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/605/in_re_Boy_USA_July_21_2025.pdf", "date": "21 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Augustin v. Formula 3 Brooklyn Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/635/Augustin_v._Formula_3_Brooklyn_Inc._USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "date": "16 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hatfield v. Ornelas", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/594/Hatfield_v_7Wnj8QP._Cesar_Ornelas_USA_16_July_2025.pdf", "date": "16 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Marriage of Haibt", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/646/2025-24ca1113.pdf", "date": "10 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Eugene Ezra Perkins", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1784/In_re_perkins.pdf", "date": "7 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Smith v. Gamble", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/575/Smith_v._Gamble_USA_7_July_2025.PDF", "date": "7 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Matter of Sewell Properties Trust", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/556/Lehr-Guthrie_v._Sewell_USA_3_July_2025.pdf", "date": "3 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Angela and Theodore Chagnon v. Holly Nelson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/563/Chagnon_v._Nelson_USA_2_July_2025.pdf", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Benjamin Gamble v. Ho-Chunk Nation Election Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/833/Ho_Chunk_CV-25-08-ORDER-1.pdf", "date": "30 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Shahid v. Esaam", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/530/Shahid_v._Esaam_Georgia_30_June_2025.pdf", "date": "30 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sister City Logistics, Inc. v. John Fitzgerald", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/559/Sister_City_Logistics_Inc._v._Fitzgerald_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "date": "27 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Parra v. United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/558/Parra_v._USA_USA_27_June_2025.pdf", "date": "27 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Twist It Up, Inc. v. Annie International, Inc.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/775/Twist_it_Up_v._Annie_International.pdf", "date": "27 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Dastou v. Holmes", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/585/Dastou_v._Holmes.pdf", "date": "25 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Schoene v. Oregon Department of Human Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/560/Schoene_v._Oregon_DHS_USA_25_June_2025.pdf", "date": "25 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mintvest Capital, LTD v. NYDIG Trust Company, et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/561/Mintvest_Capital_LTD_v._NYDIG_Trust_Company_et_al_USA_23_June_2025.pdf", "date": "23 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Marriage of Isom and Kareem", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/578/In_re_Isom_USA_16_June_2025.pdf", "date": "16 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rochon Eidsvig & Rochon Hafer v. JGB Collateral", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/482/Rochon_Eidsvig__Rochon_Hafer_v._JGB_Collateral_Texas_CA_12_June_2025.pdf", "date": "12 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Anita Krishnakumar et al. v. Eichler Swim and Tennis Club", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/476/Anita_Krishnakumar_et_al._v._Eichler_Swim_and_Tennis_Club_CA_SC_USA_29_May_2025.pdf", "date": "29 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Delano Crossing v. County of Wright", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/459/Delano_Crossing_2016_v._County_of_Wright_Minnesota_Tax_Court_29_May_2025.pdf", "date": "29 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mid Cent. Operating Eng'rs Health v. Hoosiervac", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/453/Mid_Cent._Operating_Engrs_Health_v._Hoosiervac_S.D._Indiana_USA_May_28_2025.pdf", "date": "28 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Garner v. Kadince", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/397/Garner_v._Kadince_UT_AC_USA_2025.pdf", "date": "22 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Flowz Digital v. Caroline Dalal", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/443/Flowz_Digital_v._Caroline_Dalal_C.D._California_USA_May_5_2025.pdf", "date": "5 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Willis v. U.S. Bank National Association as Trustee, Igloo Series Trust", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/703/Willis_v_US_Bank_National_Association_as_Trustee_Igloo_Series_Trust.pdf", "date": "28 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "D'Angelo v. Vaught", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/609/Dangelo_v._Vaught_USA_2_April_2025.pdf", "date": "2 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sanders v. United States", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/356/Sanders_v._USA_USA_March_31_2025.pdf", "date": "31 March 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Letts v. Avidien Technologies", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/371/Letts_v._Avidien_Technologies_E.D._North_Carolina_USA_December_16_2025.pdf", "date": "16 December 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Churchill Funding v. 732 Indiana", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/485/Churchill_Funding_v._732_Indiana_SC_Cal_USA_31_October_2024.pdf", "date": "31 October 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Thomas v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/648/Thomas_v._CIR_USA_23_October_2024.pdf", "date": "23 October 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "USA v. Michel", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/475/USA_v._Michel_DDC_USA_30_August_2024.pdf", "date": "30 August 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rasmussen v. Rasmussen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/439/Rasmussen_v._Rasmussen_CA_USA_August_23_2024.pdf", "date": "23 August 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Francesco Santora v. Copyright Claims Board", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1925/Santora_v._CCB_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "date": "12 June 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Robert Lafayette v. Blueprint Basketball et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1109/Lafayette_v._Blueprint_Basketball_USA_26_April_2024.pdf", "date": "26 April 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Whaley v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/602/gov.uscourts.ohsd.274822.26.0.pdf", "date": "16 November 2023", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In re Celsius Network LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1049/In_re_Celsius_Network_LLC_USA_9_November_2023.pdf", "date": "9 November 2023", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 4713, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "840" }, { "id": "US-IL", "title": "Illinois", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-06-27", "title": "Kendall County Generative AI Chatbot Usage Policy", "url": "https://www.kendallcountyil.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/27425/638231336413395090", "description": "Regulates use of generative AI chatbots for county work. Prohibits sharing proprietary or confidential data. Requires Executive approval and accuracy checks on AI-generated content. Mandates training for employees. Enforces ethical use, with potential disciplinary action for violations.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯德尔县生成人工智能聊天机器人使用政策", "description_zh": "规范县工作中生成式人工智能聊天机器人的使用。禁止共享专有或机密数据。需要对人工智能生成的内容进行行政批准和准确性检查。要求对员工进行培训。强制遵守道德使用，并对违规行为采取潜在的纪律处分。" }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "Illinois HB 3506", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=114&GA=104&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=3506&GAID=18&LegID=162191&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Requires developers to establish, publish, and adhere to safety and security protocols and conduct regular risk assessments and third-party audits. Imposes civil penalties for violations up to $1,000,000.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 3506", "description_zh": "要求开发人员建立、发布并遵守安全协议，并定期进行风险评估和第三方审核。对违规行为处以最高 1,000,000 美元的民事处罚。" }, { "date": "07 February 2025", "title": "Illinois SB2203", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=10400SB2203lv&SessionID=114&GA=104&DocTypeID=SB&DocNum=2203&SpecSess=&Session=&print=true", "description": "Prohibits AI system deployers in Illinois from causing algorithmic discrimination. Requires annual impact assessments and governance programs to manage AI risks. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州SB2203", "description_zh": "禁止伊利诺伊州的人工智能系统部署者造成算法歧视。需要年度影响评估和治理计划来管理人工智能风险。" }, { "date": "09 August 2024", "title": "Illinois House Bill 4875", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=103-0836", "description": "Amends the Right of Publicity Act to regulate AI-generated digital replicas, prohibiting unauthorized commercial use without consent. Establishes liability for knowingly distributing such replicas. Exempts certain uses, like news or satire. Applies protections for 50 years posthumously. Effective January 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州众议院法案 4875", "description_zh": "修订《公开权法》以规范人工智能生成的数字复制品，禁止未经同意进行未经授权的商业使用。规定了故意分发此类复制品的责任。豁免某些用途，例如新闻或讽刺。死后享有 50 年的保护。自 2025 年 1 月 1 日起生效。" }, { "date": "09 August 2024", "title": "Public Act 103-0804", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=103-0804", "description": "Prohibits employers in Illinois from using AI in employment practices that result in discrimination based on protected classes. Requires employers to notify employees when AI is used for employment decisions. Mandates rule adoption for implementation and enforcement. Effective January 1, 2026.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公共法案 103-0804", "description_zh": "禁止伊利诺伊州的雇主在就业实践中使用人工智能，从而导致基于受保护阶层的歧视。要求雇主在使用人工智能做出雇佣决策时通知雇员。强制采用规则以实施和执行。自 2026 年 1 月 1 日起生效。" }, { "date": "01 July 2024", "title": "Illinois HB 4844 (2024), Section 90 (\"Generative AI and Natural Language Processing Task Force\")", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=4844&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112&GA=103", "description": "Establishes the Generative AI and Natural Language Processing Task Force to recommend legislation, assess public service impacts, protect rights, and address cybersecurity challenges of generative AI. Requires a report to the Governor and General Assembly by December 31, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 4844 (2024)，第 90 节（“生成人工智能和自然语言处理工作组”）", "description_zh": "成立生成人工智能和自然语言处理工作组，以建议立法、评估公共服务影响、保护权利并解决生成人工智能的网络安全挑战。要求在 2024 年 12 月 31 日之前向州长和大会提交报告。" }, { "date": "18 June 2024", "title": "Illinois HB 3773: Artificial Intelligence Use in Employment Decisions", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=3773&GAID=17&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=112", "description": "Illinois enacted House Bill 3773, amending the Illinois Human Rights Act to prohibit employers from using AI that has a disparate impact on protected classes in employment decisions without conducting and documenting a bias audit. The law requires employers to notify employees and applicants when AI is used in employment decisions and to provide information about the AI system upon request. It expanded on the earlier Illinois AI Video Interview Act by covering a broader range of AI-driven employment decisions beyond video interview analysis.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 3773：人工智能在就业决策中的使用", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州颁布了第 3773 号众议院法案，修订了《伊利诺伊州人权法案》，禁止雇主在就业决策中使用对受保护群体产生不同影响的人工智能，而无需进行并记录偏见审计。法律要求雇主在雇佣决策中使用人工智能时通知员工和申请人，并根据要求提供有关人工智能系统的信息。它扩展了早期伊利诺伊州人工智能视频面试法案，涵盖了视频面试分析之外更广泛的人工智能驱动的就业决策。" }, { "date": "08 December 2023", "title": "Illinois Senate Bill 382", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=103-0571", "description": "Amends the Act to include liability exceptions for good faith dissemination of digitally altered sexual images. Specifies exceptions don't apply if dissemination serves sexual arousal or commercial gain. Clarifies images with political messages aren't public concern solely due to public figures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州参议院法案 382", "description_zh": "修订该法案，纳入善意传播经过数字处理的性图像的责任例外情况。指定如果传播是为了性唤起或商业利益，则不适用例外情况。澄清具有政治信息的图像并非仅仅由于公众人物而引起公众的关注。" }, { "date": "04 August 2023", "title": "Illinois HB 3563", "url": "https://ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?GA=103&SessionID=112&DocTypeID=HB&DocNum=3563", "description": "Amends the Department of Innovation and Technology Act to establish the Generative AI and Natural Language Processing Task Force. Tasks the Task Force with investigation, public meetings, recommendations, and a comprehensive report by December 31, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 3563", "description_zh": "修订《创新与技术部法案》，建立生成式人工智能和自然语言处理工作组。责成工作组在 2024 年 12 月 31 日之前进行调查、公开会议、提出建议和综合报告。" }, { "date": "28 July 2023", "title": "Illinois House Bill 2123", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=2123&GAID=17&GA=103&DocTypeID=HB&LegID=145586&SessionID=112#:~:text=Provides%20that%20a%20depicted%20individual,to%20disseminate%20the%20sexual%20image.", "description": "Amends the Civil Remedies for Nonconsensual Dissemination of Private Sexual Images Act to allow depicted individuals to sue for harm from intentional dissemination of private, altered sexual images without consent. Provides exceptions and specifies potential damages and remedies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州众议院法案 2123", "description_zh": "修订《未经同意传播私人性图像的民事补救措施法》，允许被描绘的个人就因未经同意故意传播私人、经过修改的性图像而造成的伤害提起诉讼。提供例外情况并指定潜在的损害和补救措施。" }, { "date": "22 January 2022", "title": "Illinois House Bill 53 (2021)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=110&GA=102&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=53&GAID=16&LegID=127865&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Amends the Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act to require employers using AI for video interviews to collect and report applicants' race and ethnicity data to the Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity. Requires the Department to analyze and report potential racial bias annually.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州众议院第 53 号法案 (2021)", "description_zh": "修订《人工智能视频面试法》，要求使用人工智能进行视频面试的雇主收集并向商业和经济机会部报告申请人的种族和民族数据。要求该部门每年分析和报告潜在的种族偏见。" }, { "date": "19 August 2021", "title": "Illinois HB 0645", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=645&GAID=16&DocTypeID=HB&SessionID=110&GA=102", "description": "Creates the Illinois Future of Work Task Force to plan for future labor needs. Requires assessment of emerging technologies like AI. Mandates job standards development. Instructs identification of future job opportunities. Proposes workforce training programs. Submits report by May 1, 2022.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 0645", "description_zh": "创建伊利诺伊州未来工作工作组来规划未来的劳动力需求。需要对人工智能等新兴技术进行评估。要求制定工作标准。指导确定未来的工作机会。提出劳动力培训计划。在 2022 年 5 月 1 日之前提交报告。" }, { "date": "13 January 2021", "title": "Illinois HB53 2021", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=110&GA=102&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=53&GAID=16&LegID=127865&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Requires employers that rely solely on AI to analyze video interviews to report the demographic information of candidates who are and are not interviewed in person or hired so the state can identify if there is a racial bias in using AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB53 2021", "description_zh": "要求仅依靠人工智能分析视频面试的雇主报告亲自面试或雇用的候选人的人口统计信息，以便州政府可以确定使用人工智能是否存在种族偏见。" }, { "date": "1 January 2020", "title": "Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) — AI Enforcement Context", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=3004", "description": "Illinois's Biometric Information Privacy Act, enacted in 2008 and significantly enforced through litigation from 2019 onwards, requires companies collecting biometric data—including facial recognition data and voiceprints—to obtain informed written consent and establish public data retention policies. The law provides a private right of action with statutory damages of $1,000–$5,000 per violation, making it the most litigated AI-related privacy law in the United States. BIPA has become the primary legal framework through which AI facial recognition and biometric AI applications are regulated in Illinois.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Facial Recognition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州生物识别信息隐私法案 (BIPA) — 人工智能执法背景", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州的《生物识别信息隐私法案》于 2008 年颁布，并从 2019 年起通过诉讼得到大力执行，该法案要求收集生物识别数据（包括面部识别数据和声纹）的公司获得知情书面同意并制定公共数据保留政策。该法律规定了私人诉讼权，每次违法行为法定损害赔偿为 1,000 至 5,000 美元，使其成为美国诉讼最多的人工智能相关隐私法。 BIPA 已成为伊利诺伊州监管人工智能面部识别和生物识别人工智能应用的主要法律框架。" }, { "date": "09 August 2019", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=108&GA=101&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=2557&GAID=15&LegID=&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Requires employers who use AI to analyze video interviews of applicants in Illinois to notify and receive consent from the applicant, and explain the AI evaluation process.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能视频采访法", "description_zh": "要求使用人工智能分析伊利诺伊州申请人视频面试的雇主通知并征得申请人同意，并解释人工智能评估流程。" }, { "date": "1 August 2019", "title": "Illinois Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=4015", "description": "Illinois became the first state to regulate AI use in employment with this law, which requires employers using AI to analyze video interviews to notify applicants about the use of AI, explain how it works, and obtain consent before using AI analysis. Employers must also limit the sharing of video interviews and delete videos upon request within a defined timeframe. The law applies to any employer that uses AI to evaluate applicants' fitness for a position through video interview analysis.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州人工智能视频采访法案", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州成为第一个通过这部法律规范人工智能在就业中使用的州，该法律要求雇主使用人工智能来分析视频面试，以告知申请人人工智能的使用情况，解释其工作原理，并在使用人工智能分析之前获得同意。雇主还必须限制视频采访的共享，并在规定的时间内根据要求删除视频。该法律适用于任何使用人工智能通过视频面试分析来评估申请人是否适合某个职位的雇主。" }, { "date": "13 February 2019", "title": "Illinois House Bill 2557 (2019)", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/fulltext.asp?DocName=&SessionId=108&GA=101&DocTypeId=HB&DocNum=2557&GAID=15&LegID=&SpecSess=&Session=", "description": "Requires employers in Illinois using AI for video interview analysis to notify applicants, explain AI functionality, and obtain consent. Prohibits sharing videos except with necessary evaluators. Instructs employers to delete videos upon applicant request within 30 days.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州众议院法案 2557 (2019)", "description_zh": "要求伊利诺伊州使用人工智能进行视频面试分析的雇主通知申请人、解释人工智能功能并获得同意。除必要的评估人员外，禁止共享视频。指示雇主在 30 天内根据申请人的要求删除视频。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 1929", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 1929+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 1929", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 1792", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 1792+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 1792", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 2203", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 2203+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 2203", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 2995", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 2995+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 2995", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 3180", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 3180+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 3180", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 3263", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 3263+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 3263", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois SB 3312", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+SB 3312+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 SB 3312", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois HB 4711", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+HB 4711+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 4711", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois HB 4799", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+HB 4799+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 4799", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Illinois HB 4988", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Illinois+HB 4988+AI+2026", "description": "Illinois legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊利诺伊州 HB 4988", "description_zh": "伊利诺伊州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Ella and Ramin LLC v. Travelers Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1928/ELLA_AND_RAMIN_LLC_Plaintiff_v_TRAVELERS_INSURANCE_COMPANY_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Harris v. One Hope United, Inc., 28 N.E.3d 804 (Ill. 2015) for the proposition that parent and subsidiary may be treated as a single entity, but the case concerns discovery privilege and does not support that corporate-law proposition (misapplied precedent). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited 'Heritage Common Partners v. Village of Summit' with 2009 Illinois reporter citations that the court could not locate; court found no Illinois case by that name and the only reported federal opinions by that name were from 1990–1991 and unrelated to the cited propositions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "艾拉和拉明有限责任公司诉旅行者保险公司", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Harris v. One Hope United, Inc., 28 N.E.3d 804 (Ill. 2015) 案，主张母公司和子公司可被视为单一实体，但该案涉及发现特权，并不支持该公司法主张（误用先例）。 ||捏造：判例法|原告多次引用“Heritage Common Partners v. Village of Summit”以及 2009 年伊利诺伊州记者的引文，但法院无法找到；法院没有发现伊利诺伊州以该名称命名的案件，并且唯一报告的以该名称命名的联邦意见是 1990 年至 1991 年的，与所引用的主张无关。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Williams v. Chicago Board Of Education", "url": "/documents/1919/Williams_v._Chicago_Board_of_Education_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Response brief included a non-existent quotation attributed to EEOC v. Univ. of Chicago Hospitals; the court found the case contains no such language and called it a 'totally made-up quotation' possibly from generative AI. || False Quotes: Case Law | Response brief included a purported quotation attributed to Doe v. Village of Arlington Heights that the court found does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Response brief cited Engquist as supporting a 'class-of-one' equal-protection claim, but the court noted Engquist actually holds class-of-one claims do not apply in the public employment context, so the brief misrepresents the case's holding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威廉姆斯诉芝加哥教育委员会案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|回复简报中包含一段不存在的引用，归因于 EEOC 诉 Univ.芝加哥医院；法院发现该案件不包含此类语言，并称其为可能来自生成人工智能的“完全捏造的引文”。 ||虚假引述：判例法|回应简报中包含一段声称来自美国能源部诉阿灵顿高地村案的引文，但法院认为该引文并不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|回应简报引用恩奎斯特支持“一类”平等保护主张，但法院指出，恩奎斯特实际上认为一类主张不适用于公共就业环境，因此该简报歪曲了案件的主张。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Explain", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Tina Rose v. City of West Frankfort et al.", "url": "/documents/1662/Rose_v._City_of_West_Frankfort_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "蒂娜·罗斯诉西法兰克福市等人。", "court": "S.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Helen Allen v. Cass Casper and Disparti Law Group", "url": "/documents/1663/Allen_v._Casper_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case 'Krause v. Meyers' to support malpractice theory; the court found 'Krause' is fabricated and an AI hallucination and rejected reliance on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Governmental Interinsurance Exchange v. Judge, 221 Ill. App. 3d 586', which the court determined does not exist and was another AI-generated fabrication.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "海伦·艾伦诉卡斯·卡斯珀和 Disparti Law Group", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件“克劳斯诉迈耶斯”来支持医疗事故理论；法院认定“克劳斯”是捏造的，是人工智能的幻觉，并拒绝对其信赖。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Governmental Interinsurance Exchange v. Judge, 221 Ill. App.”。 3d 586'，法院认定它不存在，是另一个人工智能生成的捏造物。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Hatch v. College Ave Student Loans", "url": "/documents/1621/Hatch_v._Equifax_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited Horan v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC to support arguments; the Court could not locate the opinion and ordered counsel to produce a true and accurate copy or explain how the citation was located. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited Jones v. TransUnion, LLC; the Court was unable to find the cited decision and directed counsel to provide the opinion or a sworn declaration about how the brief was generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈奇诉学院大道学生贷款案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了 Horan v. Equifax Info 案。 Servs., LLC 支持论点；法院无法找到该意见，并命令律师提供真实准确的副本或解释如何找到传票。 ||捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了 Jones v. TransUnion, LLC 案；法院无法找到所引用的判决，并指示律师就摘要的生成方式提供意见或宣誓声明。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Bettis v. Gaston", "url": "/documents/1497/Robert_Bettis_Plaintiff_v_Sabrina_Gaston_Evelyn_Smith_Sarah_Melgarejo_Cath.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Dvorak v. Metropolitan Pier & Exposition Authority, 941 F.3d 936 (7th Cir. 2019)', which the court (as defendants pointed out) appears not to exist; court flagged this as an AI-style fabricated citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Brooks v. Ross, 578 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2009) that does not exist in that opinion; court identified this as a false quotation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited LeBeau v. Taco Bell, Inc., 892 F.2d 605 (7th Cir. 1989) as supporting the two-dismissal rule, but the court found the opinion does not discuss that rule (misrepresented precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "贝蒂斯诉加斯顿", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Dvorak v. Metropolitan Pier & Exposition Authority, 941 F.3d 936 (7th Cir. 2019)”，而法院（正如被告所指出的那样）似乎不存在；法院将此标记为人工智能风格的捏造引文。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Brooks v. Ross, 578 F.3d 574 (7th Cir. 2009) 的引文，但该意见中并不存在该引文；法院认定这是虚假报价。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 LeBeau v. Taco Bell, Inc., 892 F.2d 605 (7th Cir. 1989) 来支持两次驳回规则，但法院认为该意见并未讨论该规则（歪曲先例）。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "[Plaintiff] v. Webb Chevrolet, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1475/Palsen_v._Chevrolet_USA_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quote to Fox v. Heiman that does not appear in that opinion; court noted Fox does not mention section 2-619 or contain the quoted language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff asserted Concepcion supports limitations on arbitration protecting consumer claims; court observed Concepcion does not include the propositions plaintiff attributed to it. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed Kinkel and Gallagher stand for broad public-policy limits on arbitration clauses; court found neither case supports the sweeping propositions plaintiff attributed to them. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent Illinois opinion; court searched and found no case by this name and the cited volume/page corresponded to an unrelated criminal opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case title/citation; court found the actual opinion at that citation was a different case and no 'Sears v. Illinois Central Savings & Loan' exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case by name and citation that do not exist in Illinois or elsewhere; court's search returned no such authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent opinion and attributed a specific holding; court found no such case or holding at the citation provided. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case title/citation that matched other unrelated opinions; court found no support for the claimed arbitration-related holding. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language purportedly from Smith v. Airoom that does not appear in the opinion; court found the quoted language and the asserted principles absent from Smith. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a holding to Keefe that the case does not contain (re: section 2-619 not a responsive pleading); court found Keefe does not contain the quoted language or discuss section 2-619.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "[原告] 诉 Webb Chevrolet, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告在《福克斯诉海曼案》中引用了一段具体的引述，但该引述并未出现在该意见中；法院指出 Fox 没有提及第 2-619 条或包含引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称康塞普西翁支持对保护消费者索赔的仲裁的限制；法院认为康塞普西翁不包括原告所提出的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称金克尔和加拉格尔主张对仲裁条款进行广泛的公共政策限制；法院认为，这两个案件均不支持原告提出的广泛主张。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了伊利诺伊州不存在的意见；法院进行了检索，没有发现该名称的案件，并且所引用的卷/页与不相关的刑事意见相对应。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了不存在的案件标题/引文；法院发现该传票的实际意见是不同的案件，并且不存在“西尔斯诉伊利诺伊州中央储蓄贷款公司”。 ||捏造：判例法|原告通过名称和引文引用了伊利诺伊州或其他地方不存在的案件；法院的搜查没有返回这样的授权。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了不存在的观点并归因于特定的持有；法院根据所提供的传票没有发现此类案件或判决。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用的案件标题/引文与其他不相关的意见相匹配；法院没有发现支持所主张的与仲裁相关的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了据称来自史密斯诉艾鲁姆案的语言，但并未出现在意见中；法院认为史密斯没有引用的语言和所主张的原则。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将本案不包含的归咎于 Keefe 的主张（回复：第 2-619 条不是回应性诉状）；法院认定 Keefe 并未包含引用的语言或讨论第 2-619 条。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "Ravi Kadiyala v. Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing et al.", "url": "/documents/1512/RAVI_KADIYALA_Plaintiff_v_SHELLPOINT_MORTGAGE_SERVICING_DIRECTORS_MORTGAG.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's filing cited a non-existent opinion; the court found the citation did not exist, inferred AI use, and warned of possible Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ravi Kadiyala 诉 Shellpoint Mortgage Servicing 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的文件引用了不存在的意见；法院发现该传票不存在，推断使用了人工智能，并警告可能实施规则 11 制裁。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. v. Igor Goncharko, et al. (2)", "url": "/documents/1361/Hobbs_v._Goncharko_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff twice cited a non-existent case Lathan v. Brinkerhoff; court identified it as fictitious and previously warned about it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff mis-cited 'City of Chicago v. Matchmaker' (court treated it as an incorrect/fictitious citation in plaintiff's brief). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Oconomowoc v. Greenfield,' a mis-citation distinct from the real Oconomowoc Residential Programs precedent referenced by the court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Vargas v. Cook Cnty. Sheriff' in his brief; court listed it among the mis-citations in the response. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff invoked Bloch v. Frischholz for the proposition that statistical evidence is not required; court explained Bloch does not support that conclusion and was misrepresented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. 诉 Igor Goncharko 等人。 (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告两次引用了一个不存在的案件“Lathan v. Brinkerhoff”；法院认定其为虚构，并此前曾对此发出警告。 ||捏造：判例法|原告错误地引用了“芝加哥市诉媒婆”（法院将其视为原告陈述中的错误/虚构引用）。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“奥康诺摩沃诉格林菲尔德案”，这是与法院引用的真正的奥康诺摩沃住宅项目先例不同的错误引用。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“巴尔加斯诉库克县”一案。警长在他的简报中；法院将其列为答复中的错误引用之一。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引布洛赫诉弗里施霍尔茨案（Bloch v. Frischholz）主张不需要统计证据；法院解释说，布洛赫不支持这一结论，并且被歪曲了。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "In re S.A., D.H., and B.M., Minors", "url": "/documents/1230/In_re_SA_USA_29_December_2025_-_ECF_96.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent attributed the quote 'A parent is not required to parrot the agency's exact narrative.' to In re Brianna B.; the court found the quote fictitious and not addressed in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent cited a fictitious quote from In re A.S., asserting 'Reasonable progress does not require complete agreement with the Department's version of events,' which the court found not present in that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent attributed a fabricated quote to In re J.L., claiming 'Parents may dispute details of the incident while still making progress toward correcting the conditions that led to removal,' which the court said J.L. did not address. || False Quotes: Case Law | Respondent drew a fictitious conclusion from In re M.A., quoting that termination \"cannot rest on a parent's personality traits or imperfect cooperation unless those conditions prevent the parent from safely parenting,\" which the court found was not in M.A.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 S.A.、D.H. 和 B.M.，未成年人", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|受访者引用了这句话“家长不需要重复该机构的确切叙述。”致布丽安娜 B.；法院认为该引述是虚构的，并且在该意见中没有得到解决。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告引用了 In re A.S. 的虚构引述，声称“合理的进展并不需要完全同意司法部对事件的版本”，而法院认为该判决中没有这一点。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告将 In re J.L. 的言论归咎于捏造的言论，声称“父母可能会对事件的细节提出异议，同时仍在纠正导致驱逐的条件方面取得进展”，法院表示 J.L. 没有解决这一问题。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告从 In re M.A. 中得出了虚构的结论，引用终止协议“不能基于父母的人格特质或不完美的合作，除非这些条件阻止父母安全养育孩子”，而法院认为这并不在 M.A. 中。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Halpern v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, et al.", "url": "/documents/1257/halpern_v._Fed_NY_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Halpern repeatedly attributed a non-existent quotation to Fed. Rsrv. Bank of St. Louis v. Metrocentre Improvement Dist. #1, 657 F.2d 183; the court found the quotation does not appear in that case or elsewhere and called the attribution improper.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Halpern 诉纽约联邦储备银行等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|哈尔彭一再将不存在的报价归因于美联储。预留。圣路易斯银行诉 Metrocentre Improvement Dist. #1，657 F.2d 183；法院认为该引述并未出现在该案或其他地方，并称归属不当。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Sharky’s Sports Bar, et al. v. Village of Mt. Morris, Illinois, et al.", "url": "/documents/1174/Sharkys_Sports_Bar_et_al_v_Village_of_Mt_Morris_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found 'Rowe v. State of Lombard' exists but the reporter volume and first page were represented inaccurately in the Swanlunds' filing; citation details were misreported. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found cases called 'O'Sullivan v. City of Chicago' exist but the Swanlunds misreported reporter volume, first page, date, and court; real O'Sullivan cases do not appear to support the cited proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sharky’s Sports Bar 等。诉伊利诺伊州莫里斯山村等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|法院认定“罗诉伦巴第州”确实存在，但斯万伦德夫妇的文件中报告者卷和首页的表述不准确；引文细节被误报。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现名为“奥沙利文诉芝加哥市”的案件确实存在，但斯旺伦德夫妇误报了记者数量、首页、日期和法院；真实的奥沙利文案例似乎并不支持所引用的主张。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Sean Gottlieb v. Adtalem Global Education", "url": "/documents/1165/Gottlieb_v._Adtalem_Global_Education_USA_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sean Gottlieb 诉 Adtalem Global Education", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "Dorsey v. Ponce, et al.", "url": "/documents/1145/Dorsey_v._Al_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'State v. Slowikowski, Ohio 2003,' which the court could not locate and flagged as an invalid/nonexistent citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'U.S. v. Weaver, 9th Circuit, 2016,' which the court was unable to find and identified as an incorrect or nonexistent citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Mackey v. Town of Allendale, 2021,' a citation the court could not locate and treated as invalid/fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Sanchez v. Dart, 2016,' which the court could not find (noting a different case with that caption exists from 2020), treating the 2016 citation as invalid.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多尔西诉庞塞等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“State v. Slowikowski, Ohio 2003”，但法院无法找到该引用并将其标记为无效/不存在的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“美国” v. Weaver，第九巡回法院，2016 年”，法院无法找到该引文，并将其认定为不正确或不存在的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Mackey v. Town of Allendale，2021”，法院无法找到该引文，并将其视为无效/捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了法院无法找到的“Sanchez v. Dart，2016”（注意到 2020 年以来存在具有该标题的不同案件），将 2016 年的引证视为无效。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "Boyd v. Protestant Memorial Medical Center", "url": "/documents/1097/Boyd_v_BJC_Memorial_Hospital_Belleville_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Fleming v. Chicago Transit Authority, 2006 WL 769440 (N.D. Ill. 2006); court determined the citation is inconsistent/non-existent (case filed in 2007) and cannot be located as cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Bickler v. Senior Lifestyle Corp., 266 F.R.D. 379 as Seventh Circuit/N.D. Ill. authority; court noted the citation is incorrect (Bickler is 266 F.R.D. 379 (D. Ariz. 2010)) and does not support her claimed proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "博伊德诉新教纪念医疗中心", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Fleming 诉芝加哥交通局 (Fleming v. Chicago Transit Authority)，2006 WL 769440 (N.D. Ill. 2006)；法院认定该引文不一致/不存在（案件于 2007 年提交），并且无法按引文找到。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 Bickler v. Senior Lifestyle Corp., 266 F.R.D. 379 作为第七巡回法院/ND病态的权威；法院指出该引文不正确（比克勒是 266 F.R.D. 379 (D. Ariz. 2010)），并且不支持她声称的主张。", "court": "S.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Bryan Pletcher v. Village of Libertyville Police Pension Board", "url": "/documents/1089/Pletcher_v._Village_of_Libertyville_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Misquoted Roszak as standing for a rule about boards adopting selected experts while ignoring contrary evidence (mischaracterized). || False Quotes: Case Law | Misstated Jones as addressing shift work and cardiovascular conditions (case does not discuss this). || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a discussion about genetics affecting treatment effectiveness to Johnston, which the case does not contain. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Relied on Exhibits A–F that plaintiff never introduced to the administrative record and cited non-existent record page numbers. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Roszak as prohibiting adoption of selected experts' conclusions while ignoring contrary evidence; court found Roszak does not contain that holding as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case and attributed a favorable holding; court found no such case exists and the quoted holding is fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to support argument about selective medical opinions; court found the citation fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case claiming recognition of cumulative stress effects on cardiovascular health; court found the citation fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff asserted Jones held that extended shift work contributes to cardiovascular conditions; court found Jones contains no such medical discussion (misrepresentation/paraphrase unsupported). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed to Johnston a holding about considering genetic factors in medical evaluations; court found Johnston concerns confidentiality and contains no such language. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent case to argue a delay violated pension code timing; court found the citation fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited another nonexistent case regarding delay in issuing rulings; court found the case ", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布莱恩·普莱彻诉利伯蒂维尔村警察养老金委员会", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|错误地引用罗扎克作为董事会采用选定专家的规则，同时忽略相反的证据（错误描述）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|错误地将琼斯描述为解决轮班工作和心血管疾病（案例未讨论这一点）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|将有关影响治疗效果的遗传学的讨论归因于约翰斯顿，但本案并未包含该讨论。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |依赖于原告从未向行政记录介绍过的证据 A-F，并引用了不存在的记录页码。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引罗扎克的说法，禁止采纳选定专家的结论，同时忽视相反的证据；法院认定 Roszak 不包含所引用的该资产。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例并归因于有利的持有；法院认为不存在此类案件，所引用的内容是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来支持选择性医疗意见的论点；法院认定该传票是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例，声称承认累积压力对心血管健康的影响；法院认定该传票是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告声称琼斯认为延长轮班工作会导致心血管疾病；法院发现琼斯不包含此类医学讨论（失实陈述/释义不受支持）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将约翰斯顿归因于在医学评估中考虑遗传因素的观点；法院认为约翰斯顿涉及保密性并且不包含此类语言。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案例来辩称，延迟违反了养老金法规的时间安排；法院认定该传票是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了另一个关于延迟发布裁决的不存在的案例；法院查明此案", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's appellate brief stricken and appeal dismissed; sanctions motion granted", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Jeffery Todd Henson, Sr. v. Lynn A. Espejo", "url": "/documents/1030/Henson_v._Espero_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case as authority; the Court identified the citation as nonexistent and observed the reporter page corresponds to United States v. Woodrum.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jeffery Todd Henson, Sr. 诉 Lynn A. Espejo", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的案件作为依据；法院认定该引文不存在，并观察到记者页面对应于 United States v. Woodrum。", "court": "C.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "BKA Holdings v. Sam", "url": "/documents/794/BKA_Holdings_v._Sam_2025_IL_App_2d_250160-U.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A third cited authority in the reply brief was AI-generated and non-existent; the court treated the repeated reliance on fabricated cases as abusive use of AI and struck the brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | A fourth AI-generated case citation was included in the reply brief; the court noted four hallucinated cases and granted plaintiff's sanctions motion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' reply brief cited an AI-generated, non-existent case; the court found the authority hallucinated and struck the reply brief as part of granting sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second AI-generated case citation appeared in defendants' reply brief; the court identified it as hallucinated and relied on the existence of multiple fabricated cases in granting sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BKA Holdings 诉 Sam", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|答复摘要中引用的第三个权威是人工智能生成的且不存在；法院将一再依赖捏造的案件视为滥用人工智能，并驳回了诉讼摘要。 ||捏造：判例法|第四个人工智能生成的案例引用包含在回复摘要中；法院注意到四起幻觉案件并批准了原告的制裁动议。 ||捏造：判例法|被告的答复摘要引用了人工智能生成的、不存在的案件；法院认为当局存在幻觉，并作出了简短的答复，作为给予制裁的一部分。 ||捏造：判例法|第二个人工智能生成的案例引文出现在被告的答复摘要中；法院认定其为幻觉，并依据存在多个捏造的案件来给予制裁。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff awarded attorney fees and costs for spotting hallucinated authority", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Nicholas George DiCristina v. The Department of Employment Security, et al.", "url": "/documents/789/DICRISTINA_v_THE_DEPARTMENT_OF_EMPLOYMENT_SECURITY.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's opening brief cited cases that do not exist and included AI-generated content (repetitive 'refined' drafts and the statement 'Generative AI is experimental'); the court flagged those non-existent citations as fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尼古拉斯·乔治·迪克里斯蒂娜诉就业保障部等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人的开场简报引用了不存在的案例，并包括人工智能生成的内容（重复的“精炼”草稿和“生成人工智能是实验性的”声明）；法院将这些不存在的传票标记为捏造的。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "Poole v. Walmart, Inc.", "url": "/documents/783/Poole_v_Walmart_Inc.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Plaintiff cited an incomplete/unspecified Westlaw entry attributed to the (nonexistent) Eastern District of Illinois; court could not find it and treated it as a hallucinated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Phipps v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., which the court and defendant could not locate; court identified it as non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Carberry v. Chicago Transit Authority, which the court and defendant could not locate; court identified it as non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Cain v. Chicago Transit Authority, which the court and defendant could not locate; court identified it as non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Miller decision purporting to be from the Eastern District of Illinois; court noted the Eastern District of Illinois no longer exists and could not verify the citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "普尔诉沃尔玛公司", "description_zh": "过时的建议：废除的法律|原告引用了一项不完整/未指定的 Westlaw 条目，该条目归因于（不存在的）伊利诺伊州东区；法院无法找到它，并将其视为幻觉传票。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了 Phipps 诉 Sears, Roebuck & Co. 案，但法院和被告均无法找到该案；法院认定其不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了卡伯里诉芝加哥交通局案，但法院和被告均无法找到该案；法院认定其不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了凯恩诉芝加哥交通局案，但法院和被告均无法找到该案；法院认定其不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了声称来自伊利诺伊州东区的米勒判决；法院指出伊利诺伊州东区已不复存在，无法核实该传票。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. v. Igor Goncharko, et al.", "url": "/documents/753/Hobbs_v._Goncharko_USA_3_Septmber_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se plaintiff cited 'Lathan v. Brinkerhoff' in briefing; court and defense counsel could not locate the case and called it a ghost citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Steven E. Hobbs, Sr. 诉 Igor Goncharko 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在简报中引用了“Lathan v. Brinkerhoff”；法庭和辩护律师无法找到此案，并称其为“幽灵引证”。", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "No sanction imposed, but noted Rule 11 may apply to pro se litigants.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "title": "In re R.L.", "url": "/documents/754/In_re_RL.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited In re C.P., 2018 IL App (4th) 180378, which the court found does not exist; court flagged this as an example of counsel citing nonexistent authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found counsel repeatedly cited multiple cases that do not exist for propositions of law (basis for sanctions in other appeals).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 R.L.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了 In re C.P., 2018 IL App (4th) 180378，法院认为该申请不存在；法院将此标记为律师援引不存在权威的例子。 ||捏造：判例法|法院发现律师多次引用了多个不存在的案件来提出法律建议（其他上诉中制裁的基础）。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No additional sanctions (given sanctions for Counsel in other cases)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "In re S.M., a Minor", "url": "/documents/708/In_re_S.M..pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited a non-existent case; court's research found no such opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited a non-existent case; court's research found no such opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Case was cited for the best-interest standard of review, but the court noted C.N. does not state that standard and was cited only in the unfitness section. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Case was cited for best-interest factors, but the court explained D.D. addressed only parental unfitness.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 S.M.，未成年人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Brief引用了一个不存在的案例；法院的研究没有发现这样的意见。 ||捏造：判例法| Brief引用了一个不存在的案例；法院的研究没有发现这样的意见。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|案件被援引为最佳利益审查标准，但法院指出 C.N.没有说明该标准，仅在不适合部分引用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|案件被引用是出于最佳利益因素，但法院解释说 D.D.仅解决父母的不健康问题。", "court": "CA Illinois", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; report to ARDC", "monetary_penalty": "1000", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Graciela Dela Torre v. Davies Life & Health, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1602/Dela_Torre_v._Nippon_Life_USA_11_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kirkland v. American Title Ins. Co., \"692 F. Supp. 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)\"; court found the case was decided in the E.D.N.Y. and the opinion contains no discussion of certified mail, so the citation does not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited United States v. Balan, 2013 WL 5539296 (N.D. Ill. Oct. 7, 2013); court found the Westlaw number yields Trahan v. Verret (La. App. Ct. 2013) and no matching N.D. Ill. decision exists — citation incorrect/likely fabricated. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff relied on 735 ILCS 5/2-203.1 to argue certified mail is effective service; court explained the statute only permits moving for alternative service authorization and does not itself authorize service by certified mail. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited People ex rel. Devine v. $30,700.00 U.S. Currency, 199 Ill. 2d 142 (2002); court noted Devine is an Illinois forfeiture case governed by different statutes about notice of forfeiture and is inapposite to service of process. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited In re Marriage of Schmitt, 391 Ill. App. 3d 1010 (2d Dist. 2009); court found Schmitt concerns dissolution of marriage and contains no discussion of service by certified mail, making the citation irrelevant. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited 735 ILCS 5/2-203.1 as authorizing service by certified mail; the court explained the statute only allows seeking authorization for alternative service and does not authorize certified-mail service without a court order. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kirkland v. American Title Ins. Co., '692 F. Supp. 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)' to support certified-mail service; the court found the opinion was from the Eastern District of New York and contains no discussion of certified mail, so the citation was misapplied/misrepresented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'United States v. Balan, 2013 WL 5539296", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Graciela Dela Torre 诉 Davies Life & Health, Inc. 等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了柯克兰诉美国产权律师事务所案。 Co.，“692 F. Supp. 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)”；法院发现此案已在 E.D.N.Y. 中做出裁决。并且该意见没有包含对认证邮件的讨论，因此引文不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引 United States v. Balan, 2013 WL 5539296（伊利诺伊州北区法院，2013 年 10 月 7 日）；法院发现 Westlaw 编号得出 Trahan 诉 Verret（La. App. Ct. 2013），并且不存在匹配的 N.D. Ill. 判决——引文不正确/可能是捏造的。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告依据 735 ILCS 5/2-203.1 主张认证邮件是有效的送达；法院解释说，该法规仅允许转移以获取替代服务授权，而本身并不授权通过挂号信进行送达。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了《People ex rel》。 Devine 诉 30,700.00 美元美元，199 Ill. 2d 142 (2002)；法院指出，迪瓦恩案是伊利诺伊州的一起没收案件，受有关没收通知的不同法规管辖，不适合送达诉讼程序。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了《施密特婚姻》，391 Ill. App。 3d 1010（2009 年第 2 区）；法院认为施密特涉及解除婚姻关系，并且没有讨论通过挂号信送达的情况，因此该传票无关紧要。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告引用 735 ILCS 5/2-203.1 来授权通过挂号信送达；法院解释说，该法规只允许寻求替代送达授权，未经法院命令不得授权挂号信服务。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了柯克兰诉美国产权律师事务所案。 Co.，'692 F. Supp。 153, 155 (N.D. Ill. 1988)' 支持认证邮件服务；法院认为该意见来自纽约东区，并且没有包含对认证邮件的讨论，因此该引文被误用/歪曲。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引“美国诉Balan”，2013 WL 5539296", "court": "N.D. Illinois", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 51, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-NY", "title": "New York", "entries": [ { "title": "New York S933 (Establishes the position of chief artificial intelligence officer)", "url": "http://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2025/S933", "description": "Establishes a definition for \"artificial intelligence\" (AI) and \"automated decision-making systems\" within New York's state technology law, excluding basic software from these definitions.\n\nCreates the Office of Artificial Intelligence, headed by a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer appointed by the governor, tasked with developing AI policies and governance, coordinating state AI activities, and providing guidance on AI usage.\n\nCharges the office with investigating resources needed for AI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-05", "title": "New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection Amendment to Rules of NY City (Use of Automated Employment Decisionmaking Tools)", "url": "https://rules.cityofnewyork.us/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/DCWP-NOA-for-Use-of-Automated-Employment-Decisionmaking-Tools-2.pdf", "description": "Requires New York City employers to conduct and disclose annual bias audits of Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) for hiring and promotions. Specifies calculation of selection and impact ratios by sex, race, and ethnicity.", "categories": [ "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约市消费者和工人保护部对纽约市规则的修正案（使用自动就业决策工具）", "description_zh": "要求纽约市雇主对用于招聘和晋升的自动就业决策工具 (AEDT) 进行并披露年度偏差审计。指定按性别、种族和族裔计算选择率和影响率。" }, { "date": "2022-01-15", "title": "New York City Council No. 1806-A", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/oti/downloads/pdf/reports/2022-algorithmic-%20tools-reporting.pdf", "description": "Amends the administrative code to require annual reporting by city agencies on algorithmic tools impacting public rights and services. Instructs agencies to detail tool names, purposes, data, usage, vendor involvement, and implementation dates. Prohibits disclosure violating laws or public safety.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约市议会编号 1806-A", "description_zh": "修订行政法规，要求城市机构每年报告影响公共权利和服务的算法工具。指示机构详细说明工具名称、用途、数据、用途、供应商参与和实施日期。禁止违反法律或公共安全的披露。" }, { "date": "2021-12-11", "title": "A Local Law to amend the administrative code of the city of New York, in relation to automated employment decision tools", "url": "https://legistar.council.nyc.gov/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4344524&GUID=B051915D-A9AC-451E-81F8-6596032FA3F9&Options=ID%7CText%7C&Search=", "description": "Requires AI-powered tools used in employment decisions to undergo bias audits; requires related public disclosures and notices to affected employees and job candidates.", "categories": [ "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订纽约市与自动化就业决策工具相关的行政法规的地方法", "description_zh": "要求用于就业决策的人工智能工具接受偏见审计；要求向受影响的员工和求职者进行相关公开披露和通知。" }, { "date": "09 May 2025", "title": "New York Senate Bill S3008C (\"Part X\")", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2025/s3008c", "description": "Requires personalized algorithmic pricing providers to disclose their use of personalized pricing and the personal data involved. Directs the Attorney General to enforce compliance, including issuing cease-and-desist orders and seeking injunctions for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 S3008C（“第 X 部分”）", "description_zh": "要求个性化算法定价提供商披露其对个性化定价的使用以及所涉及的个人数据。指示总检察长强制遵守规定，包括发布停止令和寻求针对违规行为的禁令。" }, { "date": "09 May 2025", "title": "New York Senate Bill S3008C (\"Part U\")", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2025/s3008c", "description": "Regulates AI companions by requiring protocols to address suicidal ideation and mandates user notifications about non-human interactions. Empowers the Attorney General to enforce compliance, with penalties benefiting a suicide prevention fund.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 S3008C（“U 部分”）", "description_zh": "通过要求协议来解决自杀意念并强制要求用户通知有关非人类交互的信息来规范人工智能伴侣。授权总检察长强制遵守规定，处罚金将用于自杀预防基金。" }, { "date": "05 March 2025", "title": "Responsible AI safety and education act", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?default_fld=&leg_video=&bn=A06453&term=&Text=Y", "description": "Amends the general business law to establish the Responsible AI Safety and Education Act (RAISE Act), compelling transparency, safety protocols, and mandatory disclosures for frontier AI models. Enables state enforcement through penalties, prohibiting deployments that pose critical harm risks. Applies to frontier models in New York.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "负责任的人工智能安全和教育法案", "description_zh": "修订一般商业法，制定《负责任的人工智能安全和教育法案》（RAISE 法案）、强制透明度、安全协议以及前沿人工智能模型的强制披露。通过处罚实现国家执法，禁止构成严重危害风险的部署。适用于纽约的前沿车型。" }, { "date": "08 January 2025", "title": "New York 2025-A768", "url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?bn=A00768&term=2025&Text=Y", "description": "Establishes AI consumer protection with documentation, audits, and risk management requirements for high-risk AI decision systems. Mandates developer disclosures, consumer notifications, and opportunities to contest AI-based decisions. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约 2025-A768", "description_zh": "通过高风险人工智能决策系统的文档、审计和风险管理要求建立人工智能消费者保护。要求开发商披露信息、通知消费者以及对基于人工智能的决策提出质疑的机会。" }, { "date": "08 January 2025", "title": "New York artificial intelligence act (New York AI act)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S1169", "description": "Promotes the safe and responsible development, deployment, and use of AI by regulating high-risk AI systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination. Requires independent audits of high-risk AI systems and end-user notification of their use, and establishes reporting requirements for the developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约人工智能法案（New York AI Act）", "description_zh": "通过监管高风险人工智能系统以防止算法歧视，促进人工智能的安全和负责任的开发、部署和使用。要求对高风险人工智能系统进行独立审核并通知最终用户其使用情况，并为高风险人工智能系统的开发者和部署者制定报告要求。" }, { "date": "28 June 2024", "title": "New York Senate Bill 9678", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S9678/amendment/B", "description": "Amends election law to require disclosure of materially deceptive media in political communications. Exempts satire, parody, and certain news reporting. Allows candidates to seek legal remedies if their likeness is used deceptively. Establishes burden of proof for plaintiffs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 9678", "description_zh": "修订选举法，要求披露政治传播中具有重大欺骗性的媒体。讽刺、模仿和某些新闻报道除外。如果候选人的肖像被欺骗，允许候选人寻求法律补救措施。规定原告的举证责任。" }, { "date": "20 April 2024", "title": "New York Assembly Bill A8808A", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A8808/amendment/A", "description": "Enacts the \"Artificial Intelligence Deceptive Practices Act.\" Expands privacy rights against unauthorized use of likenesses through AI. Establishes liability for creating or distributing deceptive AI-altered media, particularly in election contexts. Defines penalties and enforcement mechanisms, including damages and injunctions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约议会法案 A8808A", "description_zh": "颁布《人工智能欺骗行为法》。通过人工智能扩大隐私权，防止未经授权使用肖像。规定了创建或传播欺骗性人工智能篡改媒体的责任，特别是在选举背景下。定义处罚和执行机制，包括损害赔偿和禁令。" }, { "date": "03 March 2024", "title": "An act to amend the general business law, in relation to requiring advertisements to disclose the use of synthetic media", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2023/A216A", "description": "Requires any person engaged in advertising property or services in New York to disclose when synthetic media is used in advertisements.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项修改一般商业法的法案，涉及要求广告披露合成媒体的使用情况", "description_zh": "要求在纽约从事广告财产或服务的任何人披露广告中何时使用合成媒体。" }, { "date": "08 January 2024", "title": "An act to amend the labor law, in relation to establishing criteria for\nthe use of automated employment decision tools", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S5641/amendment/original", "description": "Makes it unlawful for an employer in New York to use or implement an automated decision tool to filter employment candidates or prospective candidates for hire that has not undergone a disparate impact assessment annually.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项修改劳动法的法案，涉及制定标准\n使用自动化就业决策工具", "description_zh": "纽约州的雇主使用或实施自动决策工具来过滤未每年进行不同影响评估的求职者或潜在求职者是非法的。" }, { "date": "03 January 2024", "title": "An Act to amend the general business law, the executive law, the state finance law and the education law, in relation to enacting the \"digital fairness act\" - Sections 7-9 (\"AUTOMATED DECISION SYSTEM IMPACT ASSESSMENTS,\" etc.)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S2277", "description": "Require the state to conduct ADS Impact Assessments before use. Mandate neutral third-party evaluations on impacts. Prohibit ADS purchase/use without publishing the assessment and public comments. Obligate a list of qualified assessors. Demand plain-language notifications and human review mechanisms. Ban payments for non-compliant ADS.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项修订一般商业法、行政法、国家金融法和教育法的法案，涉及颁布“数字公平法案” - 第 7-9 节（“自动决策系统影响评估”等）", "description_zh": "要求国家在使用前进行 ADS 影响评估。强制要求中立的第三方对影响进行评估。在未发布评估和公众意见的情况下禁止购买/使用 ADS。制定合格评估员名单。要求简单的语言通知和人工审核机制。禁止对不合规的 ADS 进行付款。" }, { "date": "03 January 2024", "title": "An act to amend the executive law, in relation to creating the office of algorithmic innovation", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2023/A7501", "description": "Establishes an Office of Algorithmic Innovation in New York to promote algorithmic innovation and ensure algorithms are safe, effective, and ethical.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项修改行政法的法案，涉及创建算法创新办公室", "description_zh": "在纽约设立算法创新办公室，促进算法创新，确保算法安全、有效、合乎道德。" }, { "date": "03 January 2024", "title": "An Act to amend the labor law, in relation to automated employment decision tools", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A7859", "description": "Requires employers and employment agencies to notify job candidates when automated employment decision tools are used to screen candidates.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与自动化就业决策工具相关的劳动法修正案", "description_zh": "要求雇主和就业机构在使用自动就业决策工具筛选候选人时通知求职者。" }, { "date": "17 November 2023", "title": "An act creating a temporary state commission to study and investigate how to regulate artificial intelligence, robotics and automation; and providing for the repeal of such provisions upon expiration thereof", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A4969", "description": "Establishes a temporary New York state commission to study the impact of AI, robotics, and automation and how to regulate these technologies. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "该法案设立了一个临时国家委员会来研究和调查如何监管人工智能、机器人和自动化；并规定此类规定期满后予以废除", "description_zh": "建立一个临时纽约州委员会，研究人工智能、机器人和自动化的影响以及如何监管这些技术。" }, { "date": "29 September 2023", "title": "New York Senate Bill 1042", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S1042/amendment/A#:~:text=2023%2DS1042A%20(ACTIVE)%20%2D%20Summary,publication%20of%20an%20intimate%20image.", "description": "Amends the penal law to criminalize dissemination or publication of digitized intimate images without consent. Defines \"digitization\" as realistic alteration using images of another person or computer-generated images. Repeals subdivision 2-a of section 245.15.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 1042", "description_zh": "修改刑法，将未经同意传播或出版数字化亲密图像定为犯罪。将“数字化”定义为使用另一个人的图像或计算机生成的图像进行现实改变。废除第 245.15 条的第 2-a 款。" }, { "date": "07 July 2023", "title": "New York A7838", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A7838", "description": "Requires the New York Department of Labor to study AI's long-term impact on the workforce, issuing interim reports every five years and a final report by 2035. Prohibits state entities from using AI to displace employees until the final report.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约 A7838", "description_zh": "要求纽约劳工部研究人工智能对劳动力的长期影响，每五年发布一次中期报告，并在 2035 年之前发布最终报告。在最终报告发布之前，禁止国家实体使用人工智能来取代员工。" }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "New York S7422", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/S7422/amendment/A", "description": "Exclude film productions using AI, which displaces existing employees, from tax credits provided to \"qualified films\" under the Empire State Film Production Credit. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Financial loss", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约 S7422", "description_zh": "将使用人工智能的电影制作排除在帝国电影制作信贷提供给“合格电影”的税收抵免之外，因为人工智能会取代现有员工。" }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "New York A7106", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A7106/amendment/A", "description": "Amends election law to require disclosure of synthetic media in use in printed or digital political communications by writing or speaking, \"This political communication was created with the assistance of artificial intelligence.\" Defines synthetic media as AI-modified text, image, video, or sound. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约A7106", "description_zh": "修订选举法，要求通过书面或口头方式披露印刷或数字政治传播中使用的合成媒体，“这种政治传播是在人工智能的协助下创建的。”将合成媒体定义为人工智能修改的文本、图像、视频或声音。" }, { "date": "07 March 2023", "title": "New York Bill A5309", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2023/A5309", "description": "Amends state finance law to require state units purchasing a product containing algorithmic decision systems to purchase only those adhering to responsible AI standards. Outlines such standards to include harm avoidance, transparency, fairness, and risk evaluation. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约法案 A5309", "description_zh": "修订州金融法，要求购买包含算法决策系统的产品的州单位只能购买那些遵守负责任的人工智能标准的产品。 概述了此类标准，包括避免伤害、透明度、公平性和风险评估。" }, { "date": "03 February 2023", "title": "An Act to amend the general business law, in relation to the management\n and oversight of personal data (Section 7)", "url": "https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/bills/2023/A3593", "description": "Requires entities that decline access to important services (e.g. healthcare and financing) on the basis of an AI system's decision to evaluate the system for accuracy & discrimination, to disclose the system's use, and to enable affected individuals to appeal the decision to a human being.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订与管理有关的一般商业法的法案\n 个人数据的监督（第 7 条）", "description_zh": "要求实体根据人工智能系统的决定拒绝获得重要服务（例如医疗保健和融资），以评估系统的准确性和歧视性，披露系统的使用情况，并使受影响的个人能够向人类提出上诉。" }, { "date": "5 November 2021", "title": "New York City Local Law 144: Automated Employment Decision Tools", "url": "https://www.nyc.gov/assets/cchr/downloads/pdf/publications/AEDT_Fact_Sheet.pdf", "description": "New York City enacted Local Law 144, which requires employers and employment agencies using automated employment decision tools (AEDTs) to conduct annual bias audits and publish the results on their websites before using such tools. Covered employers must also notify candidates and employees when AEDTs are used in employment decisions. The law, which took effect on July 5, 2023 after enforcement delays, is one of the most comprehensive municipal AI employment regulations in the United States and is enforced by the NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Facial Recognition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约市地方法 144：自动就业决策工具", "description_zh": "纽约市颁布了第 144 号地方法，要求雇主和就业机构使用自动就业决策工具 (AEDT) 进行年度偏见审计，并在使用此类工具之前在其网站上发布结果。当 AEDT 用于就业决策时，适用的雇主还必须通知候选人和雇员。该法律在执行延迟后于 2023 年 7 月 5 日生效，是美国最全面的市政人工智能就业法规之一，由纽约市消费者和工人保护部执行。" }, { "date": "31 December 2020", "title": "New York Senate Bill S3971B (2019)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/S3971", "description": "Establishes a temporary commission to study AI, robotics, and automation regulation in New York, including law, liability, employment impact, confidentiality, restrictions, and sector applications. Requires a final report before the act's expiration on December 31, 2020.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约参议院法案 S3971B (2019)", "description_zh": "在纽约设立一个临时委员会，研究人工智能、机器人和自动化监管，包括法律、责任、就业影响、保密、限制和行业应用。需要在该法案于 2020 年 12 月 31 日到期之前提交最终报告。" }, { "date": "30 November 2020", "title": "New York SB5959 (2020)", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2019/S5959", "description": "Establishes liability for unauthorized use of deceased personalities' digital replicas in advertising or scripted works. Requires consent from specified parties and allows transferring rights posthumously. Regulates digitization of sexually explicit depictions without consent, allowing legal action.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "纽约 SB5959 (2020)", "description_zh": "规定了未经授权在广告或脚本作品中使用已故人物的数字复制品的责任。需要特定方的同意并允许在死后转让权利。监管未经同意的露骨性描述的数字化，允许采取法律行动。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — New York S-3008C [URL: https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3008/amendment/C]", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3008/amendment/C", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 纽约 S-3008C [URL：https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3008/amendment/C]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 由州长签署" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 6453B", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 6453/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 6453B", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 768", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 768/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 768", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York SB 1962", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/SB 1962/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 SB 1962", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 3265", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 3265/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 3265", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 3356", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 3356/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 3356", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 3411", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 3411/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 3411", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York SB 934", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/SB 934/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 SB 934", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 6578A", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 6578/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 6578A", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New York AB 9654", "url": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/AB 9654/amendment/c", "description": "New York legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "纽约 AB 9654", "description_zh": "纽约立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Evgeny Yaroshevsky v. Karlin et al.", "url": "/documents/1592/Yaroshevsky_v._Karlin_USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Other | Plaintiff admitted using Google Gemini to obtain citations and failed to verify them before filing, contributing to the submission of fabricated and inaccurate authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple authorities cited by plaintiff did not exist; defendants identified at least five nonexistent cases in the complaint and five in other filings and the Court confirmed some citations were fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Numerous quotations attributed to cases could not be found in the opinions (Defendants identified ~13 instances; the Court found at least two such misquotes earlier).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "叶夫根尼·雅罗舍夫斯基诉卡林等人。", "description_zh": "误传：其他|原告承认使用 Google Gemini 获取引文，但在提交之前未能对其进行验证，从而导致提交了捏造和不准确的权威信息。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用的多个权威机构并不存在；被告在诉状中指出了至少五个不存在的案件，在其他文件中指出了五个不存在的案件，法院确认一些引文是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|在意见中找不到大量对案件的引用（被告指出了约 13 个实例；法院之前发现了至少两个此类错误引用）。", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Gemini", "outcome": "Recommended adverse costs order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "76 Route 6 Holdings Inc. v. Town of Yorktown, NY", "url": "/documents/1882/76_Route_6_Holdings_Inc_v_Town_of_Yorktown_New_York_et_al_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed McEachin v. McGuinnis contains language applying 'special solicitude' to civil rights plaintiffs; the Court determined McEachin contains no such language and admonished counsel. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed to Goel v. Bunge the language that a defendant 'may not rely on statements in the documents for the truth of the matter asserted.' The Court found Goel contains no such language and admonished counsel.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "76 Route 6 Holdings Inc. 诉 纽约州约克镇镇", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告声称，McEachin 诉 McGuinnis 案中包含对民权原告适用“特别关怀”的措辞；法院认定 McEachin 不包含此类语言，并对律师进行了训诫。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 Goel v. Bunge 案中的措辞归结为被告“不得依赖文件中的陈述来判断所主张事项的真实性”。法院发现戈埃尔没有包含此类语言，并对律师进行了训诫。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Beedemariam Kassaw v. Wal-Mart Corporation", "url": "/documents/1885/Kassaw_v._Walmart_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's January 2026 memorandum/sur-reply (Dkt. 79) included AI-generated 'hallucinated cases'—fabricated case citations; Court found apparent use of AI and ordered Dkt. 79 stricken.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Beedemariam Kassaw 诉沃尔玛公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告 2026 年 1 月的备忘录/补充答复 (Dkt. 79) 包括人工智能生成的“幻觉案例”——捏造的案例引文；法院发现明显使用了人工智能，并下令 Dkt。 79 受灾。", "court": "W.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Fecteau v. Safety National Casualty Corporation", "url": "/documents/1826/Fecteau_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff quoted non-existent statutory language as if from 50 U.S.C. § 3936, asserting it tolled filing deadlines (the Court found the quoted language does not appear in § 3936). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff purported to quote existing opinions (e.g., Conroy v. Aniskoff and Gordon) but recited language that appears nowhere in those opinions; the Court found these to be false quotations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "费克图诉安全国民伤亡公司", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|原告引用了不存在的法定语言，仿佛来自 50 U.S.C. § 3936，声称它限制了提交截止日期（法院发现引用的语言没有出现在§ 3936中）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称引用了现有意见（例如，Conroy v. Aniskoff and Gordon），但引用了这些意见中没有出现的语言；法院认为这些引文是虚假的。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Donte McClellon v. E. Rickard, Warden of FCI Otisville, et al.", "url": "/documents/1647/McClennon_v._Rickard_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner’s reply cited at least three judicial opinions that do not exist; Magistrate Judge Moses identified these as likely AI-generated fabricated cases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioner included fake quotations and citations attributed to judicial opinions; the court noted the presence of 'fake quotes and citations' consistent with AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Donte McClellon 诉 FCI Otisville 典狱长 E. Rickard 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|申请人的答复至少引用了三项不存在的司法意见；地方法官摩西认为这些案件很可能是人工智能生成的捏造案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法|申请人包含虚假引述以及归因于司法意见的引述；法院指出，存在与人工智能幻觉一致的“虚假引用和引文”。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Cartagena v. Dixon, Blackburn, and T.A. Blackburn Law, PLLC", "url": "/documents/1665/Cartagena_v._Dixon_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief filed by defendant's counsel contained multiple non-existent case citations and misstatements of law; court found pervasive 'hallucinated' cases and noted counsel attributed errors to use of 'Protégé' AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡塔赫纳诉迪克森、布莱克本和 T.A.布莱克本律师事务所，PLLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告律师提交的案情摘要包含多项不存在的案例引用和法律错误陈述；法院发现普遍存在“幻觉”案件，并指出律师将错误归因于“Protégé”人工智能的使用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Protégé (LexisNexis)", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-09", "title": "M7 Indústria e Comércio de Compensados e Laminados v. U.S. Structural Plywood Integrity Coalition, et al.", "url": "/documents/1664/M7_v._Plywood_USA_9_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs' memorandum attributed this quoted passage to NYNEX Corp. v. Discon, but the Court found the quotation does not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs' memorandum attributed this quoted passage to Int’l Railways of Cent. Am. v. United Brands Co., but the Court found the quotation does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "M7 Indústria e Comércio de Compensados e Laminados 诉美国结构胶合板完整性联盟等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告的备忘录将这段引用的段落归因于 NYNEX Corp. v. Discon，但法院发现该引用并未出现在该意见中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告的备忘录将这段引用的段落归于中央国际铁路公司。是。 v. United Brands Co.，但法院认为该引述并未出现在该意见中。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Sai Malena Jimenez-Fogarty v. Thomas Fogarty", "url": "/documents/1653/Fogarty_v._Fogarty_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Hojan v. Steele, 875 F.3d 396, 400 (7th Cir. 2017)'; the court could not locate any case by that name and concluded the citation appears fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "赛·马莱娜·希门尼斯-福加蒂​​诉托马斯·福加蒂", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿人援引“Hojan v. Steele, 875 F.3d 396, 400 (7th Cir. 2017)”；法院无法找到该名称的任何案件，并得出结论，该传票似乎是捏造的。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Hallucination treated it as non-existent", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Nelson Lin v. The Honorable Jonathan H. Shim, et al.", "url": "/documents/1682/Lin_v._Shim_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Hernandez v. Spitzer, No. 09-cv-3914, 2010 WL 11586928 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 29, 2010)'; the court found that this case does not exist and rejected reliance on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Editor's Note and court text indicate the opinion contains other incorrect or non-existent citation references preserved from the original record.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nelson Lin 诉 Jonathan H. Shim 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“Hernandez v. Spitzer，No. 09-cv-3914，2010 WL 11586928（S.D.N.Y.，2010 年 3 月 29 日）”；法院认定该案不存在，并驳回了对其的信赖。 ||捏造：判例法|编者注和法庭文本表明，该意见包含原始记录中保留的其他不正确或不存在的引用参考文献。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "title": "Jeri'yah Ford v. Troy City School District, et al.", "url": "/documents/1615/Ford_v._Troy_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited unspecified Eighth Circuit and D. Kan. cases that opposing counsel and the Court could not locate; court concluded these were fabricated and ordered show cause. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff mischaracterized Whitfield v. Notre Dame Middle Sch.; Court found the citation distinguishable and not supportive of Plaintiff's Title VI theory.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jeri'yah Ford 诉特洛伊市学区等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的答复引用了未具体说明的第八巡回法院和 D. Kan. 案件，对方律师和法院无法找到这些案件；法院得出结论，这些都是捏造的，并下令说明理由。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告错误描述了 Whitfield 诉 Notre Dame Middle School 案；法院认为该引文是可区分的，并且不支持原告的第六章理论。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Matter of Zareh", "url": "/documents/1816/Matter_of_Zareh.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained numerous citation errors, including internally inconsistent and unverifiable citations; District Court concluded some citations were AI-generated and could not be verified. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief repeatedly misrepresented case law for propositions those cases did not support; District Court found ChatGPT described at least one cited case in the same erroneous manner.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "撒勒事件", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Brief 包含大量引用错误，包括内部不一致和无法验证的引用；地方法院得出结论，一些传票是人工智能生成的，无法核实。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 多次歪曲判例法，提出那些案例不支持的主张；地区法院发现 ChatGPT 以同样错误的方式描述了至少一个引用的案例。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Respondent publicly censured", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Ave. Capital Group, LLC v. Strum", "url": "/documents/1515/Ave_Capital_Group_LLC_v_Strum_uSA_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found counsel included a non-existent case citation in his memorandum and ordered show-cause re sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found counsel included a non-existent (or incorrectly cited) Risucci decision; plaintiffs located a differently cited Risucci case that did not contain the quoted language.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ave. Capital Group, LLC 诉 Strum", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院发现律师在其备忘录中引用了不存在的案件，并下令对其进行重新制裁。 ||捏造：判例法|法院发现律师包含了一项不存在（或错误引用）的 Risucci 决定；原告找到了一个不同引用的 Risucci 案例，该案例不包含引用的语言。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Flycatcher v. Affable Avenue", "url": "/documents/1460/Flycatcher_v._Affable_Avenue_USA_5_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Affable's motion to dismiss included numerous non-existent case citations generated by AI; Opposing counsel identified at least 13 fabricated cases and the Court found 14 of 60 citations to be fake. || Fabricated: Case Law | Proposed reply brief cited a nonexistent \"Himmelstein v. Comcast of the D.C., LLC, 908 F.3d 49; aff'g 44 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2012)\"—citations that do not exist and were inconsistent with the intended New York Court of Appeals decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Response to Order to Show Cause quoted a passage presented as from Mata v. Avianca but the quoted language was actually from a secondary article by Christopher F. Lyon; counsel failed to attribute the quote properly. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Reply brief and subsequent explanations showed misattributed/mismatched reporter citations (e.g., counsel relied on a Google Scholar result for Himmelstein that returned unrelated D.D.C. citations like 931 F. Supp. 2d 48), reflecting AI- or search-induced misrepresentation of the authoritative source.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Flycatcher 诉 Affable Avenue", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Affable 的驳回动议包含大量由人工智能生成的不存在的案例引用；对方律师指出了至少 13 个捏造的案件，法院发现 60 份引文中有 14 份是伪造的。 ||捏造：判例法|拟议的答复摘要引用了一条不存在的“Himmelstein v. Comcast of the D.C., LLC, 908 F.3d 49; aff'g 44 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2012)”——这些引文不存在，并且与纽约上诉法院的预期裁决不一致。 ||虚假引述：判例法|对“表明原因的命令”的回应引用了马塔诉阿维安卡案中的一段话，但所引用的语言实际上来自克里斯托弗·F·里昂的另一篇文章；律师未能正确注明引述的出处。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|回复简短和随后的解释显示了错误归因/不匹配的记者引用（例如，律师依赖于 Himmelstein 的 Google 学术搜索结果，该结果返回了不相关的 D.D.C. 引用，例如 931 F. Supp. 2d 48），反映了人工智能或搜索引起的对权威来源的歪曲。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "NotebookLM; vLex; Paxton AI", "outcome": "Brief Struck; Default Judgment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "1S REO Opportunity 1, LLC v. 223 Howard LLC", "url": "/documents/1555/1_Reo_opportunity_v._Howard_USA_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Gustavia Home, LLC v. Rice, 2020 WL 4917915 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 21, 2020), a Westlaw citation that does not exist; the number corresponds to Durrett v. IKO Indus., Inc. (Ky. Ct. App.), and the actual Gustavia Rice decision cited by court is 2016 WL 6683473 which states the opposite proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "1S REO 机会 1, LLC 诉 223 Howard LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Gustavia Home, LLC v. Rice, 2020 WL 4917915（E.D.N.Y. 2020 年 8 月 21 日），这是一项不存在的 Westlaw 引证；该编号对应于 Durrett v. IKO Indus., Inc. (Ky. Ct. App.)，法院引用的实际 Gustavia Rice 判决是 2016 WL 6683473，其中陈述了相反的主张。", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Cassata v. Michael Macrina Architect, P.C.", "url": "/documents/1440/Cassata_v._Macrina_Architects_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Becker v Elm Air Conditioning Corp., 143 AD2d 965, 966 (2nd Dep't 1988) for a proposition the case does not support; court found mischaracterization of the holding. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Counsel copied large portions of an unrelated brief (For a Financial Asset Securitization 2021, LLC v Teona, 2025 WL 334218) that itself had been criticized for non-existent cases; defendant adopted those unverified authorities without verification. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Harris v Seward Park Housing Corp., 147 AD3d 589 (1st Dep't 2017), which the court found does not exist; citation originated from copied brief and was not verified. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited DiLorenzo v D.C. & D. Transp. Corp., 39 AD2d 950 (2nd Dept, 1972), which the court found does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | A quotation attributed to Harris v Seward Park Housing Corp. was included in the opposition but does not appear in any cited case and was found only in the copied brief and defendant's filing. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited New York Univ. v Cont'l Ins. Co., 87 NY2d 308, 323 (1995) for a proposition the case does not support; court found the citation mischaracterized the precedent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Cassata 诉 Michael Macrina 建筑师，P.C.", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用 Becker v Elm Air Conditioning Corp., 143 AD2d 965, 966 (2nd Dep't 1988) 来说明本案不支持的主张；法院认定该资产的描述有误。 ||制作：展览和提交|律师复制了一份不相关的摘要（For a Financial Asset Securitization 2021, LLC v Teona, 2025 WL 334218）的大部分内容，该摘要本身因不存在的案件而受到批评；被告在未经核实的情况下采用了未经核实的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|律师引用了 Harris v Seward Park Housing Corp., 147 AD3d 589 (1st Dep't 2017)，法院认为该案不存在；引文源自复制的摘要，未经核实。 ||捏造：判例法|律师引用了 DiLorenzo v D.C. & D. Transp. 案。 Corp., 39 AD2d 950 (2nd Dept, 1972)，法院认定该公司不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|反对意见中引用了哈里斯诉苏厄德公园住房公司 (Harris v Seward Park Housing Corp.) 的引文，但并未出现在任何引用的案件中，仅在摘要副本和被告的文件中找到。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了纽约大学的说法。 v 继续插入。 Co., 87 NY2d 308, 323 (1995) 对于本案不支持的主张；法院认为该传票错误地描述了先例。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Brief struck", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Wurtenberg v. The City of New York", "url": "/documents/1386/Wurtenberg_v_The_City_of_New_York_USA_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's papers relied on non-existent legal authority (fabricated cases); court found these authorities did not exist and attributed them to misuse of generative AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited several existing cases that the court found did not stand for the propositions for which they were cited (misrepresented precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "符腾堡诉纽约市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的文件依赖于不存在的法律权威（捏造的案件）；法院认为这些当局并不存在，并将其归咎于生成人工智能的滥用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了几个现有案例，法院发现这些案例并不代表其所引用的主张（歪曲先例）。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "title": "Deutsche Bank National Bank v. Jean LeTennier", "url": "/documents/1274/Deutsche_Bank_v._Le_Tennier_USA_8_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Submission of no less than 23 fabricated legal authorities across five filings, identified by plaintiff and confirmed by the court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Example fabricated citation submitted as 'Tishman Realty & Construction Co. v. Regan' with a New York citation that does not correspond to any reported state or federal case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresentation of the holding of a real case—presented as dispositive for defendant when the cited case holds the opposite.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德意志银行国家银行诉让·勒坦尼尔 (Jean LeTennier)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|在五份文件中提交了至少 23 个捏造的法律权威，由原告确认并得到法院确认。 ||捏造：判例法|以“Tishman Realty & Construction Co. v. Regan”形式提交的伪造传票示例，其中包含纽约传票，与任何报告的州或联邦案件均不相符。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|对真实案件的错误陈述——当引用的案件有相反的情况时，对被告来说具有决定性作用。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Orders affirmed; monetary sanctions imposed (counsel $5,000; defendant $2,500) and costs awarded", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Burnett v. The City of New York", "url": "/documents/1385/Burnett_v_The_City_of_New_York_30_December_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited a nonexistent case (Backus v. City of Rochester, 148 AD3d 1697 [4th Dept 2017]); the court reported it was unable to locate the case and ordered counsel to show cause why he should not be sanctioned.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伯内特诉纽约市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一个不存在的案例（Backus v. City of Rochester, 148 AD3d 1697 [4th Dept 2017]）；法院报告称无法找到此案，并命令律师说明为什么他不应受到制裁。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Labatt USA Operating v. Friends Beverage Group", "url": "/documents/1384/Labatt_USA_Operating_Co_LLC_v_Friends_Beverage_Group_LLC_USA_30_December_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found defendants' opposition and cross-motion contained hallucinated/fabricated case citations generated by AI; filings were stricken.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Labatt USA Operating 诉 Friends Beverage Group", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院发现被告的反对和交叉动作包含人工智能生成的幻觉/捏造的案例引文；文件受到打击。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Filings struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "Ng v. AmGuard Insurance Company, et al.", "url": "/documents/1231/NG_v._Amguard_Insurance_USA_29_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Greyhound-Thermalink, Inc. v. B.U.R. Realty Corp., 42 A.D.3d 319, 320 (N.Y. 1st Dep’t 2007)', which the Court's research found does not appear to exist; Court warned about AI-generated fake citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ng 诉 AmGuard 保险公司等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Greyhound-Thermalink, Inc. 诉 B.U.R.” Realty Corp., 42 A.D.3d 319, 320 (N.Y. 1st Dep’t 2007)'，法院的研究发现该公司似乎不存在；法院对人工智能生成的虚假引文发出警告。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Smith v. Clarence Smith et al.", "url": "/documents/1228/Smith_v._Smith_USA_22_December_2022.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re D.C. Judicial Conflicts of Interest, 540 F.2d 711 (D.C. Cir. 1976),' which the court found does not exist and is a fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re B.W., 352 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 2003),' which the court determined does not exist and appears to be AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Wilkinson v. United States, 13 F.3d 855 (2d Cir. 1994),' which the court found to be nonexistent and unrelated to any real opinion at that reporter citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff mis-cited Keir v. Schoeberl with an incorrect Westlaw citation ('2025 WL 1123456'); the court identified the correct citation as 2025 WL 437953, noting continued mis-citation of authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff mis-cited Bennett v. Mnuchin with an incorrect Westlaw citation ('2020 WL 3214565'); the court noted the correct citation is 2020 WL 4432662, indicating miscitation rather than a substantive supporting authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "史密斯诉克拉伦斯·史密斯等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“In re D.C. Judicial Conflicts of Interest, 540 F.2d 711 (D.C. Cir. 1976)”，法院认为该引文不存在并且是捏造的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“In re B.W., 352 F.3d 29 (2d Cir. 2003)”，法院认为该内容不存在，并且似乎是人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Wilkinson v. United States, 13 F.3d 855 (2d Cir. 1994)”，法院认为该内容不存在，并且与该记者引用​​的任何真实观点无关。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告错误地引用了 Keir v. Schoeberl 的 Westlaw 引文（“2025 WL 1123456”）；法院将正确的引用确定为 2025 WL 437953，并指出继续错误引用权威。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告错误地引用了 Bennett v. Mnuchin 的 Westlaw 引文（“2020 WL 3214565”）；法院指出，正确的引用是 2020 WL 4432662，表明存在错误引用，而不是实质性支持权威。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Burlingame v. Argo Private Client Group, Ltd. et al.", "url": "/documents/1254/Burlingame_v_ARGO_Private_Client_Group_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel included quotations attributed to In re Vivendi Universal that do not appear in that decision; the court flagged the quoted language as absent from the cited opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel included quotations attributed to In re Parmalat that do not appear in that decision; the court flagged the quoted language as absent from the cited opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff counsel cited 'Midlantic Nat’l Bank v. Havens, 1994 WL 760822, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 27, 1994)' to support unjust enrichment; the court found that Midlantic does not appear to exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff counsel cited In re Refco, 826 F. Supp. 2d 478, 512 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) as supporting unjust enrichment; the court found that Refco does not mention unjust enrichment and thus was misused.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Burlingame 诉 Argo Private Client Group, Ltd. 等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了 In re Vivendi Universal 的引文，但该判决中并未出现这些引文；法院将所引用的语言标记为不存在于所引用的意见中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师引用了《In re Parmalat》中未出现在该决定中的引文；法院将所引用的语言标记为不存在于所引用的意见中。 ||捏造：判例法|原告律师援引“Midlantic Nat’l Bank v. Havens, 1994 WL 760822, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 27, 1994)”来支持不当得利；法院认定米德兰蒂克似乎并不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告律师引用了 In re Refco, 826 F. Supp。 2d 478, 512 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) 支持不当得利；法院认为，瑞富公司没有提及不当得利，因此被滥用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "McMillian v. Zimmer US, Inc", "url": "/documents/1249/In_re_Zimmer_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Other | Plaintiff's counsel filed papers containing unspecified AI-generated hallucinations and inaccuracies (ECF Nos. 100-03); counsel conceded the errors and the Court imposed sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦克米兰诉 Zimmer US, Inc", "description_zh": "制作：其他|原告律师提交的文件包含未具体说明的人工智能生成的幻觉和不准确之处（ECF Nos. 100-03）；律师承认了错误，法院实施了制裁。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "9000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "Christian Dusablon v. Hugh A. Gibbs and Union Logistics, LLC", "url": "/documents/1172/Dusablon_v._Gibbs_USA_9_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited 'Spinale v. United States 2009 WL 792089, at 3 (S.D.N.Y. March 24, 2009)', which neither Defendants nor the Court could locate; Court noted incorrect/non-existent citation may indicate AI hallucination and warned counsel to certify future AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Christian Dusablon 诉 Hugh A. Gibbs and Union Logistics, LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了“Spinale v. United States 2009 WL 792089, at 3 (S.D.N.Y. March 24, 2009)”，被告和法院均无法找到该证据；法院指出，不正确/不存在的引文可能表明人工智能的幻觉，并警告律师证明未来人工智能的使用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; Order to Certify validity of future citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "Hilpert v. 16 Judge SPV LLC", "url": "/documents/1236/Hilpert_v_16_Judge_SPV_LLC_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed seven quotations to cases that do not contain those quotations; the court found these to be fabricated or misattributed quotations relied on in his motion papers. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited “Loeb v Loeb, 84 AD2d 591 (2d Dept 1981)” and attributed a quotation to it; the court found 84 AD2d 591 corresponds to unrelated 3rd Dept decisions (Sanginario; First Depot) and the cited Loeb decision/quotation does not exist as represented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a dozen purported authorities that the court and opposing counsel identified as nonexistent case citations listed in defense filings (NYSCEF Doc No. 102).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "希尔珀特诉 16 法官 SPV LLC", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告将七个引文归因于不包含这些引文的案件；法院认为这些内容是他的动议文件中所引用的捏造或错误的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Loeb v Loeb, 84 AD2d 591 (2d Dept 1981)”并引用了该引文；法院发现 84 AD2d 591 对应于无关的第三部门决定（Sanginario；First Depot），并且所引用的 Loeb 决定/报价并不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告依据的是法庭和对方律师在辩护文件（NYSCEF 文件第 102 号）中列出的十几个所谓的权威，这些权威被认为是不存在的案件引文。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Farrow v. John Does", "url": "/documents/1148/Farrow_v._Does_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent decision; the court identified the citation as to a case that does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a venue rule to In re Aggrenox that does not appear in that opinion; the court noted the case does not analyze venue. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed Martinez v. Bloomberg held that a court on a venue challenge \"assumes the truth of the plaintiff's factual allegations,\" which the court said Martinez did not state. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Nat'l Acad. of Television Arts & Scis. for a venue principle the opinion did not analyze; the court observed the cited opinion contains no such venue analysis.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "法罗诉约翰·多斯案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一项不存在的决定；法院认定该引文是针对一个不存在的案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将场地规则归因于 In re Aggrenox，但该规则并未出现在该意见中；法院指出，该案没有分析地点。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告声称，马丁内斯诉布隆伯格案认为，法院在审理地点质疑时“假定了原告事实指控的真实性”，但法院表示马丁内斯没有对此进行说明。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告依赖 Nat'l Acad。电视艺术与科学系。对于场地原则，意见没有分析；法院认为所引用的意见不包含此类地点分析。", "court": "E.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Saregama India Ltd. v. Bharath Aiyer, et al.", "url": "/documents/1158/Saregama_India_v_gnJ3n4j._Ayer_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reply cited 'Khurana v. State of N.Y., No. 16-cv ... 2019 WL 1430202' — Court observed this cited case does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply attributed quotations to F.I. duPont, Glore Forgan & Co. v. Chen that the Court found not to appear in that opinion (false quotation). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Reply cited Bossuk v. Steinberg and S.E.C. v. McNulty for propositions the Court found they do not support (misrepresentation of precedent). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Reply misquoted statutes including CPLR § 2103(f)(1) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(1); Court noted statutory misquotations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Saregama India Ltd. 诉 Bharath Aiyer 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|答复引用了“Khurana 诉纽约州，No. 16-cv ... 2019 WL 1430202”——法院认为该引用案例不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|回复归因于 F.I. 的报价duPont、Glore Forgan & Co. v. Chen，法院认为该意见未出现在该意见中（虚假引用）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|答复引用了 Bossuk 诉 Steinberg 和 S.E.C.诉麦克纳尔蒂 (McNulty)，法院发现他们不支持的主张（歪曲先例）。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|回复错误引用的法规，包括 CPLR § 2103(f)(1) 和 Fed。 R.公民。第 69(a)(1) 页；法院注意到法定错误引用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "John Doe v. James P. Ehrhard, Esq.", "url": "/documents/1154/Doe_v._James_Ehrhard_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited four purported cases regarding CPLR § 3102(c) (three Westlaw citations and one New York Appellate Division cite); the Court could not locate any of them and concluded they were likely AI-generated fabrications.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰·多伊 (John Doe) 诉詹姆斯·P·埃尔哈德 (James P. Ehrhard) 先生", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了四起据称涉及 CPLR § 3102(c) 的案件（三起 Westlaw 引证和一处纽约上诉庭引证）；法院无法找到其中任何一个，并得出结论，它们很可能是人工智能生成的捏造的。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "Tameer Peak v. Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty, et al.", "url": "/documents/1111/Peak_v._Maraj-Pety_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the quotation \"[a] default is willful where the conduct of counsel or the litigant was egregious and was not satisfactorily explained\" to Action S.A. v. Marc Rich & Co.; the court found that quotation does not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited S.E.C. v. McNulty for the proposition that \"waiting to retain counsel does not constitute good cause,\" but the court found no such quote in McNulty and noted the case addresses a different procedural posture. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff claimed Shady Records held that reputational harm is a form of prejudice; the court found Shady Records said nothing of reputational harm and was about different relief. || Fabricated: Case Law | The court observed that multiple case quotations in plaintiff's Nov. 12, 2025 opposition cannot be found in the cited cases and described them as likely AI 'hallucinated' citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Tameer Peak 诉 Onika Tanya Maraj-Petty 等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告将 Action S.A. v. Marc Rich & Co. 中的引文“如果律师或诉讼当事人的行为恶劣且没有得到令人满意的解释，则构成故意违约”；法院认为该意见中没有引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引了 S.E.C.诉麦克纳尔蒂案的主张是“等待聘请律师并不构成正当理由”，但法院在麦克纳尔蒂案中没有发现这样的引述，并指出该案涉及不同的程序立场。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告声称 Shady Records 认为名誉损害是一种偏见；法院认为 Shady Records 并未提及任何名誉损害，并且提出了不同的救济措施。 ||捏造：判例法|法院观察到，在引用的案例中找不到原告 2025 年 11 月 12 日反对意见中的多个案例引用，并将其描述为可能是人工智能“幻觉”的引用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff cautioned to disclose and verify any AI use", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Yakov Magdalasov v. ByteDance Inc., TikTok Inc., and Maria Malvar", "url": "/documents/1119/Yakov_Magdalasov_v._Bytedance_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Connel v. ByteDance, Inc., No. 24-1886 (2d Cir. Jul. 15, 2025)' but the docket number pointed to a different case and the Northern District of California case with that caption did not support plaintiff's claimed holding; Court concluded the citation was incorrect/nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Multiple briefed authorities either could not be located, were cited with the wrong reporters, or their substance differed materially from plaintiff's characterization. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff misrepresented basic docket facts and filings (e.g., claimed defendants delayed raising arbitration and waited months), which the Court found contradicted the record.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Yakov Magdalasov 诉 ByteDance Inc.、TikTok Inc. 和 Maria Malvar", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Connel v. ByteDance, Inc.，第 24-1886 号（2d Cir. 2025 年 7 月 15 日）”，但案卷编号指向不同的案件，并且具有该标题的加州北区案件不支持原告声称的持有；法院得出结论，该引文不正确/不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|多个通报的当局要么无法找到，要么被错误的记者引用，要么他们的实质内容与原告的描述存在重大差异。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |原告歪曲了基本事实和备案（例如，声称被告推迟提起仲裁并等待了数月），法院认为这与记录相矛盾。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Zero Point MGMT v. Chase Bank/JP Morgan Chase Co.", "url": "/documents/1090/ZERO_POINT_MGMT_v._Chase_Bank_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Weaver v. United States, 98 Fed. Cl. 680, 684 (2011)'; the Court's research found no such case and identified it as a fake citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Fed. Home Loan Mortg. Corp. v. Mendel, 894 F. Supp. 2d 107, 111 (E.D.N.Y. 2012)'; the Court found this case does not appear to exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Jordan v. Fox, Rothschild, O’Brien & Frankel, 20 F.3d 1250 (3d Cir. 1994) but the Court found the case exists and does not support the proposition cited—holding was mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "零点 MGMT 诉大通银行/摩根大通公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Weaver 诉美国，98 Fed”。克莱。 680、684（2011）'；法院的研究没有发现此类案件，并将其认定为虚假引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“美联储”。房屋贷款抵押。 Corp. 诉 Mendel，894 F. Supp。 2d 107, 111 (E.D.N.Y. 2012)'；法院认为此案似乎不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Jordan v. Fox, Rothschild, O’Brien & Frankel, 20 F.3d 1250 (3d Cir. 1994)，但法院认为该案存在，并且不支持所引用的主张——持有被错误描述。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Non-lawyer trustee barred from proceeding pro se", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Ege Kilinc v. PMMUE Eduservices Private Limited, et al.", "url": "/documents/1118/Kilinc_v_PMMUE_Eduservices_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted sentence attributed to Best Van Lines, Inc. v. Walker (2d Cir. 2007) does not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted language attributed to C.S. v. Columbia University, Case No. 1:24-cv-03232 (S.D.N.Y. 2024) (Torres, J.) does not appear in any decision on that docket by Judge Torres. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted passage attributed to D.D. ex rel. V.D. v. New York City Board of Education (2d Cir. 2006) is not contained in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ege Kilinc 诉 PMMUE Eduservices Private Limited 等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|法院认为，Best Van Lines, Inc. v. Walker（2d Cir. 2007）所引用的句子并未出现在该意见中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现，C.S. 诉哥伦比亚大学，案件号 1:24-cv-03232 (S.D.N.Y. 2024) (Torres, J.) 所引用的语言并未出现在托雷斯法官对该案卷的任何裁决中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现所引用的段落出自 D.D.前关系。 V.D. v. 纽约市教育委员会 (2d Cir. 2006) 未包含在该意见中。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to file a sworn statement -03 listing accurate and improper citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Morris Gafni v. Rapid Foreclosure Refunds et al.", "url": "/documents/1099/Gafni_v._Rapid_Foreclosure_REfunds_USA_21_NOvember_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Morris Gafni 诉快速止赎退款等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "Jorge Paredes Guevara v. A&P Restaurant Corp., et al.", "url": "/documents/1055/Guevara_v._AP_Restaurant_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Marrero v. Camden Steel Co., 850 F. Supp. 188 (D.N.J. 1994); court identified this authority as non-existent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Baldwin v. Trailer Inns, Inc., 266 F.3d 1104, 1110–11 (9th Cir. 2001) for an FMLA proposition; court noted Baldwin does not mention the FMLA and involves FLSA/breach of contract issues. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Kennedy v. Cmty. Action Servs., 107 F. Supp. 2d 993 (N.D. Ind. 2000); court identified this authority as non-existent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed a non-existent quote to Johnson v. City of Shelby, 574 U.S. 10 (2014); court noted the quoted language does not appear in Johnson. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Counsel quoted non-existent provisions of NYLL § 215 (statutory language the court found was not present in the statute).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jorge Paredes Guevara 诉 A&P Restaurant Corp. 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师引用了 Marrero 诉 Camden Steel Co.，850 F. Supp。 188（新泽西州 1994 年）；法院认定该权力不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引 Baldwin v. Trailer Inns, Inc., 266 F.3d 1104, 1110–11 (9th Cir. 2001) 作为 FMLA 主张；法院指出，Baldwin 没有提及 FMLA，并且涉及 FLSA/违反合同问题。 ||捏造：判例法|律师引用了肯尼迪诉 Cmty 案。行动服务，107 F. Supp。 2d 993（ND Ind. 2000）；法院认定该权力不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|律师认为 Johnson v. City of Shelby, 574 U.S. 10 (2014) 中引用了一条不存在的引文；法院指出，所引用的语言并未出现在约翰逊身上。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|律师引用了 NYLL 第 215 条中不存在的条款（法院认为该法规中不存在该法规语言）。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Matter of Matos", "url": "/documents/1035/In_re_Matter_of_Matos_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited and purportedly quoted this TTAB decision in his trial brief; TTAB found the citation/quote did not support the asserted proposition (case law was misrepresented). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited and purportedly quoted this TTAB decision in his trial brief; TTAB found the citation/quote did not contain the purported language or support the proposition (misquoted or nonexistent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent cited and purportedly quoted this TTAB decision in his trial brief; TTAB determined the citation/quote either did not exist in the case or did not support respondent's argument.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马托斯事件", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|被告在其审判摘要中引用并据称引用了 TTAB 的这一决定； TTAB 发现引文/引用不支持所主张的主张（判例法被歪曲）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告在其审判摘要中引用并据称引用了 TTAB 的这一决定； TTAB 发现引文/引用不包含所声称的语言或支持该命题（错误引用或不存在）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告在其审判摘要中引用并据称引用了 TTAB 的这一决定； TTAB 确定该引文/引用在案件中不存在或不支持被告的论点。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Respondent publicly censured", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Habib Miah v. Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/983/Miah_v._Morgan_Stanley_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants identified quotations in the filings that do not appear in the authorities cited; court observed these apparent false quotations as indicative of AI use. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants identified a cited decision purportedly from the Eastern District of New York that does not exist; the court noted this as apparent AI-produced fabrication.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Habib Miah 诉 Morgan Stanley & Co. International PLC 等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|被告在文件中指出了未出现在所引用的当局中的引文；法院认为这些明显的虚假引用表明人工智能的使用。 ||捏造：判例法|被告指出，所引用的据称来自纽约东区的判决并不存在；法院指出这显然是人工智能捏造的。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "Wheat v. Vichie", "url": "/documents/999/Wheat_v_Vichie_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's papers cite 'Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.' as a First Department decision; the court found the case to be non-existent and warned that further false representations could result in sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's papers cite 'Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.' as a Second Department decision; the court found the citation likewise fictional and cautioned the pro se litigant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小麦诉维琪案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的文件引用了“Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.”作为第一部门的决定；法院认定此案不存在，并警告称，进一步的虚假陈述可能会导致制裁。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的文件引用了“Sosnovska v. Belle World Beauty, Inc.”作为第二部门的决定；法院认为该传票同样是虚构的，并对原告提出警告。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "Sehra Waheed v. SM 1 MMS, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1146/Waheed_v._SM_1_MMS_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Hughes v. Tennessee Department of Corrections, No. 3:20-cv-00670 (M.D. Tenn. June 11, 2021)'; the court was unable to locate the case in research databases and suggested it may be an AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sehra Waheed 诉 SM 1 MMS, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“休斯诉田纳西州惩教部，编号 3:20-cv-00670（田纳西州医学博士，2021 年 6 月 11 日）”；法院无法在研究数据库中找到该案件，并认为这可能是人工智能生成的幻觉。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "NewRez LLC v. Morton", "url": "/documents/853/NewRez_LLC_v_Morton.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited four nonexistent cases; the court found the citations fabricated and noted them as nonexistent but declined to impose sanctions given pro se status.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NewRez LLC 诉莫顿", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告列举了四个不存在的案例；法院认定这些传票是捏造的，并指出这些传票根本不存在，但鉴于自辩身份，拒绝实施制裁。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "Ader v Ader", "url": "/documents/849/Ader_v_Ader__2025_N.Y._Misc._LEXIS_7848.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation appeared in Defendants' summary judgment opposition; court found it to be an AI hallucination and counsel later conceded AI use. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' opposition to the sanctions motion contained four citations that do not exist (identified by Plaintiff and cited by the Court as AI-generated). || False Quotes: Case Law | Seven quotations in Defendants' sanctions-opposition brief do not exist in the cited cases (Plaintiff identified them; Court treated them as AI-generated false quotations). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Three quotations in Defendants' briefs were from real cases but do not support the propositions for which they were offered (misstated precedent identified by Plaintiff).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿德诉阿德", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告的简易判决异议中出现了不存在的案例引证；法庭认定这是人工智能的幻觉，律师后来承认使用了人工智能。 ||捏造：判例法|被告对制裁动议的反对包含四个不存在的引文（由原告识别并被法院引用为人工智能生成）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告制裁反对案情摘要中的七个引文在所引用的案例中并不存在（原告已识别出它们；法院将它们视为人工智能生成的虚假引文）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|被告陈述中的三段引文来自真实案例，但并不支持其提出的主张（原告指出了错误陈述的先例）。", "court": "SC New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Referral to Bar Authorities", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button & Dusty Button v. Juliet Doherty et al.", "url": "/documents/859/Button_v._Doherty_et_al._USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | References to findings that the judge in charge did not make. || False Quotes: Case Law | Objections purportedly quoted language attributed to Howell v. New York Post Co., 81 N.Y.2d 115, 122 (N.Y. 1993) that the court found was not an accurate quotation from that opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Objections purportedly quoted Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002) — the court found the cited quotation/case did not exist in the form presented. || False Quotes: Case Law | Objections purportedly quoted language attributed to Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962) that the court determined was not an accurate quotation from that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "米切尔·泰勒·巴顿 (Mitchell Taylor Button) 和达斯蒂·巴顿 (Dusty Button) 诉朱丽叶·多尔蒂 (Juliet Doherty) 等人。", "description_zh": "失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |提及主审法官没有做出的调查结果。 ||虚假引述：判例法|据称，反对意见引用了 Howell v. New York Post Co., 81 N.Y.2d 115, 122 (N.Y. 1993) 中的语言，法院认为该语言并非对该意见的准确引用。 ||捏造：判例法|据称，反对意见引用了 Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002)——法院发现所引用的引文/案例在所呈现的形式中并不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|据称，反对意见引用了 Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962) 中的语言，法院认为该语言并非对该意见的准确引用。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Certification requirement for future AI-assisted filings.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "Pennantia v. Rose Cay Maritime", "url": "/documents/1017/Pennantia_v._Rose_Cay_Maritime_USA_26_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed: '[T]he maritime lien includes the principal debt, interest and reasonable attorney's fees, where provided for in the contract.' to Crescent Towing & Salvage Co. v. M/V ANAX (40 F.3d 741, 744 (5th Cir. 1994)); court found the quoted language absent from that opinion and not located elsewhere. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributed: 'The term \"necessaries\" includes the contract price, including interest if agreed or customary.' to General Elec. Credit Corp. v. Drill Ship Mission Exploration (668 F.2d 811, 815 (5th Cir. 1982)); court found the quoted language absent from that opinion and not located elsewhere.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pennantia 诉 Rose Cay Maritime", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|简要归因：“海事留置权包括合同中规定的本金债务、利息和合理的律师费。” Crescent Towing & Salvage Co. 诉 M/V ANAX (40 F.3d 741, 744 (5th Cir. 1994))；法院认为该意见中没有引用的语言，也没有在其他地方找到。 ||虚假引述：判例法|简要归因：“‘必需品’一词包括合同价格，包括约定或惯例的利息。”通用电气。 Credit Corp. 诉 Drill Ship Mission Exploration (668 F.2d 811, 815 (5th Cir. 1982))；法院认为该意见中没有引用的语言，也没有在其他地方找到。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "title": "Eric Andrew Perez v. Dr. Neil C. Evans, et al.", "url": "/documents/823/ERIC_ANDREW_PEREZ_Plaintiff_v_DR_NEIL_C_EVANS_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to 'Concepcion v. City of New York, No. 05 Civ. 8501 (RJS), 2008 WL 5395720, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 17, 2008),' but no such December 17, 2008 S.D.N.Y. opinion exists; the quoted language actually appears in Armco, Inc. v. Penrod-Stauffer Building Systems, Inc., 733 F.2d 1087, 1089 (4th Cir. 1984). Court treated this citation as a hallucinated/fabricated citation and noted the misattribution and omission of context. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'United States v. Peterson, No. 3:17-cr-00065 (D. Conn. 2018)' and claimed the case supported a proposition about deception vitiating consent; the docket cited corresponds to United States v. Cook and the Peterson citation appears scrambled; the actual Peterson decision (No. 3:18-CR-00049, 2018 WL 6061571) holds the opposite of Plaintiff's asserted rule. Court treated this as an AI-generated misrepresentation/scrambled citation and noted the holding contradicted Plaintiff's use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃里克·安德鲁·佩雷斯诉尼尔·C·埃文斯博士等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Concepcion v. City of New York, No. 05 Civ.”的引述。 8501 (RJS), 2008 WL 5395720，at *4 (S.D.N.Y. 2008 年 12 月 17 日)，但没有这样的 2008 年 12 月 17 日 S.D.N.Y.存在意见；所引用的语言实际上出现在 Armco, Inc. v. Penrod-Stauffer Building Systems, Inc., 733 F.2d 1087, 1089 (4th Cir. 1984) 中。法院将此引文视为幻觉/捏造的引文，并指出了上下文的错误归因和遗漏。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了“美国诉彼得森案，第 3:17-cr-00065 (D. Conn. 2018)”，并声称该案支持有关欺骗导致同意无效的主张；引用的案卷对应于“美国诉库克”案，而彼得森的引文似乎是混乱的；实际的 Peterson 判决（No. 3:18-CR-00049, 2018 WL 6061571）与原告主张的规则相反。法院将此视为人工智能生成的虚假陈述/混乱的引文，并指出该判决与原告的使用相矛盾。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Jeramiah Brown v. Fat Dough Incorp., doing business as Dominos Pizza", "url": "/documents/801/JERAMIAH_BROWN_Plaintiff_v_FAT_DOUGH_INCORP_doing_business_as_DOMINOS_PIZZA_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff included the fictitious citation 'Lynch v. U.S. Postal Service, 2016 WL 7338415 (N.D.N.Y. Dec. 19, 2016)'; court found the Westlaw citation actually corresponds to Green v. New York, No. 14-cv-2073, 2016 WL 7338415 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 19, 2016), and no Lynch decision by this court in 2016.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jeramiah Brown 诉 Fat Dough Incorp.，以 Dominos Pizza 名义开展业务", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告添加了虚构的引文“Lynch v. U.S. Postal Service, 2016 WL 7338415（N.D.N.Y. 2016 年 12 月 19 日）”；法院认为 Westlaw 的引文实际上对应于 Green v. New York, No. 14-cv-2073, 2016 WL 7338415（S.D.N.Y. 2016 年 12 月 19 日），并且该法院在 2016 年没有做出林奇判决。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Hall v. The Academy Charter School", "url": "/documents/652/Hall_v._the_Academy_Charter_School_USA_7_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cited a non-existent SDNY case to argue charter schools are not subject to notice-of-claim requirements; the Court noted the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cited a non-existent EDNY case for the same notice-of-claim argument; the Court confirmed it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition cited a non-existent New York Supreme Court slip opinion regarding a charter school; the Court stated the case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "霍尔诉学院特许学校案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对者引用了一个不存在的 SDNY 案例来论证特许学校不受索赔通知要求的约束；法院指出此案不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见引用了一个不存在的 EDNY 案件来论证相同的索赔通知论点；法院确认它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见引用了纽约最高法院关于特许学校的不存在的意见；法院称该案不存在。", "court": "E.D.N.Y.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions imposed; counsel admonished", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "Advani v. Appellate Term", "url": "/documents/694/Advani_v_Appellate_Term_2nd_Judicial_Department.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in Plaintiff's Opposition: 'Doe v. Jindal, No. 11-388, 2011 WL 3664490, at *3 (E.D. La. Aug. 19, 2011)' (Pl.'s Opp'n 12); the Court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in Plaintiff's Opposition: 'Matter of Medical Transport v NY State Dept of Health, 294 A.D.2d 574 (2d Dept 2002)' (Pl.'s Opp'n 28); the Court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in Plaintiff's Sur-Reply: 'Parker v. Blauvelt Volunteer Fire Co., 93 F.3d 65, 69 (2d Cir. 1996)' (Pl.'s Sur-Reply 4); the Court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Nonexistent case cited in Plaintiff's Sur-Reply: 'Guggenheimer v. Ginzburg, 43 F.3d 807, 812 (3d Cir. 1994)' (Pl.'s Sur-Reply 4); the Court found it does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotation in Plaintiff's Opposition at page 9 does not appear in the case cited, per the Court. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotation in Plaintiff's Opposition at page 12 does not appear in the case cited, per the Court. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotation in Plaintiff's Opposition at page 28 does not appear in the case cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page 14 of her Opposition does not support the proposition for which it is cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page 16 of her Opposition does not support the proposition for which it is cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page 17 of her Opposition does not support the proposition for which it is cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page 18 of her Opposition does not support the proposition for which it is cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page 23 of her Opposition does not support the proposition for which it is cited, per the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation at page ", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Advani 诉上诉期限", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告反对书中引用的不存在的案例：“Doe v. Jindal，No. 11-388, 2011 WL 3664490，at *3 (E.D. La. Aug. 19, 2011)”（Pl.'s Opp'n 12）；法院认为它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告反对书中引用的不存在的案例：“医疗运输问题诉纽约州卫生部，294 A.D.2d 574 (2d Dept 2002)”(Pl.'s Opp'n 28)；法院认为它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的 Sur-Reply 中引用的案例不存在：“Parker v. Blauvelt Volunteer Fire Co., 93 F.3d 65, 69 (2d Cir. 1996)”（原告的 Sur-Reply 4）；法院认为它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的 Sur-Reply 中引用的不存在的案例：“Guggenheimer v. Ginzburg, 43 F.3d 807, 812 (3d Cir. 1994)”（Pl.的 Sur-Reply 4）；法院认为它不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|根据法院的说法，第 9 页原告反对意见中的引述并未出现在所引用的案件中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|根据法院的说法，第 12 页的原告反对意见中的引文并未出现在所引用的案件中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|根据法院的说法，第 28 页原告反对意见中的引述并未出现在所引用的案件中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的规定，原告在其反对意见第 14 页的引述并不支持其所引述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的规定，原告在其反对意见第 16 页的引述并不支持其所引述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的规定，原告在其反对意见第 17 页的引述并不支持其所引述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的规定，原告在其反对意见第 18 页的引述并不支持其所引述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的规定，原告在其反对意见第 23 页的引述并不支持其所引述的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告的引文在第页", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "title": "Flycatcher v. Affable Avenue (1)", "url": "/documents/610/Flycatcher_v._Affable.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Response misattributed a quote to Mata; court found it appears nowhere in Mata and actually comes from a 2023 article by Christopher F. Lyon, with no attribution.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Flycatcher 诉 Affable Avenue (1)", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|回应错误地将引用归咎于马塔；法院发现它在《Mata》中没有出现，实际上来自 Christopher F. Lyon 2023 年的一篇文章，没有注明出处。", "court": "S.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Decision on sanctions reserved", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "Gurpreet Kaur v. Captain Joel Desso", "url": "/documents/581/Kaur_v._Desso_NDNY_9_July_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief claimed Thuraissigiam included a sentence limiting its holding and the quoted line; court confirmed the quote is nowhere in the decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief quoted Landon as stating a due-process proposition; court stated the quotation does not exist in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief asserted Reno contains a phrase about jurisdiction-stripping not barring challenges; court found the language is nowhere in Reno. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief cited Wong Wing for a broad constitutional proposition; court found the quoted language does not exist in Wong Wing.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "古普雷特·考尔 v. 乔尔·德索队长", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Brief 声称《Thuraissigiam》中包含了限制其持有的句子以及所引用的内容；法院确认判决中没有引用这句话。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief 援引兰登的话说，他提出了一项正当程序主张；法院称该引文在本案中不存在。 ||虚假引述：判例法|据称里诺的简短内容包含一个关于剥夺管辖权但不禁止挑战的短语；法庭发现里诺没有这种语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief引用了Wong Wing的广泛宪法主张；法院认定黄永所引述的语言不存在。", "court": "N.D. New York", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude Sonnet 4", "outcome": "Monetary and professional sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "Romero v. Goldman Sachs Bank USA", "url": "/documents/587/Romero_v._Goldman_Sachs_Bank_USA_USA_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to In re Motors Liquidation Co. that the opinion does not contain. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff misrepresented In re Motors Liquidation Co. as addressing what evidence may be presented in a reply brief; the case is unrelated to that topic. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted a fictitious case citation; no case exists at the cited Westlaw citation and the identified Beckford cases are different and unrelated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗梅罗诉美国高盛银行", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 In re Motors Liquidation Co. 的报价，但意见中并未包含该报价。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告歪曲了 In re Motors Liquidation Co. 在答复摘要中可能提出的证据；该案件与该主题无关。 ||捏造：判例法|原告提交了虚构的案件引文；引用的 Westlaw 引文中不存在任何案件，并且确定的 Beckford 案件是不同且不相关的。", "court": "S.D.N.Y.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 85, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-CO", "title": "Colorado", "entries": [ { "date": "06 June 2024", "title": "Colorado House Bill 24-1468", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1468", "description": "Creates the Artificial Intelligence Impact Task Force to develop policy recommendations against AI system risks and algorithmic discrimination affecting consumers and workers. Requires diverse membership and adherence to transparency standards. Mandates a report by February 2025 to the legislature and governor; task force sunsets in 2027.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州众议院法案 24-1468", "description_zh": "创建人工智能影响工作组，针对影响消费者和工人的人工智能系统风险和算法歧视制定政策建议。需要多元化的成员资格并遵守透明度标准。要求在 2025 年 2 月之前向立法机关和州长提交报告；特别工作组将于 2027 年结束。" }, { "date": "24 May 2024", "title": "Colorado House Bill 1147", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb24-1147", "description": "Prohibits distributing AI-generated deepfakes about candidates close to elections without disclosures. Requires clear notifications in such communications. Allows candidates to seek legal remedies for unauthorized deepfakes. Effective July 1, 2024, with enforcement by the Secretary of State.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州众议院法案 1147", "description_zh": "禁止在未披露的情况下传播人工智能生成的有关临近选举的候选人的深度伪造信息。需要在此类通信中进行明确的通知。允许候选人针对未经授权的深度造假寻求法律补救措施。自 2024 年 7 月 1 日起生效，由国务卿强制执行。" }, { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Colorado SB 24-205: Consumer Protections for Interactions with Artificial Intelligence Systems", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205", "description": "Colorado became the first state to enact comprehensive AI bias legislation covering high-risk AI systems with this law, which requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to use reasonable care to protect consumers from known or reasonably foreseeable risks of algorithmic discrimination. Covered entities must perform impact assessments, disclose AI use to consumers, provide an appeal process for adverse decisions, and file annual reports with the Attorney General. The law takes effect on February 1, 2026 and covers AI used in consequential decisions involving employment, credit, housing, healthcare, and other sensitive areas.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce", "Finance", "Healthcare", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州 SB 24-205：消费者与人工智能系统交互的保护", "description_zh": "科罗拉多州成为第一个制定涵盖高风险人工智能系统的全面人工智能偏见立法的州，该法律要求高风险人工智能系统的开发者和部署者采取合理的谨慎措施，保护消费者免受已知或合理可预见的算法歧视风险。所涉及的实体必须进行影响评估，向消费者披露人工智能的使用情况，为不利决定提供上诉程序，并向司法部长提交年度报告。该法律于 2026 年 2 月 1 日生效，涵盖人工智能在涉及就业、信贷、住房、医疗保健和其他敏感领域的后续决策中的使用。" }, { "date": "1 September 2021", "title": "Colorado SB 21-169: Restrictions on Insurers' Use of External Consumer Data", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb21-169", "description": "Colorado enacted Senate Bill 21-169, prohibiting insurance companies from using external consumer data and information sources, as well as algorithms and predictive models using such data, in unfairly discriminatory ways in insurance underwriting and rating. The law directed the Colorado Division of Insurance to adopt rules requiring insurers to demonstrate that their use of external data and algorithms does not result in unfair discrimination based on protected characteristics. It was one of the first state laws to directly address algorithmic fairness in the insurance industry.", "categories": [ "Finance", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州 SB 21-169：保险公司使用外部消费者数据的限制", "description_zh": "科罗拉多州颁布了参议院法案 21-169，禁止保险公司在保险承保和评级中以不公平歧视的方式使用外部消费者数据和信息源，以及使用这些数据的算法和预测模型。该法律指示科罗拉多州保险部门通过规则，要求保险公司证明他们对外部数据和算法的使用不会导致基于受保护特征的不公平歧视。这是第一批直接解决保险行业算法公平问题的州法律之一。" }, { "date": "06 July 2021", "title": "Colorado SB21-169", "url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2021a_169_signed.pdf", "description": "Prohibits insurers from unfairly discriminating using algorithms and predictive models based on personal attributes. Requires the insurance commissioner to establish rules, conduct investigations, and engage stakeholders. Obligates insurers to demonstrate non-discriminatory use of consumer data.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州 SB21-169", "description_zh": "禁止保险公司使用基于个人属性的算法和预测模型进行不公平的歧视。要求保险专员制定规则、进行调查并吸引利益相关者参与。保险公司有义务证明对消费者数据的非歧视性使用。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Colorado SB 205", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Colorado+SB 205+AI+2026", "description": "Colorado legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科罗拉多州 SB 205", "description_zh": "科罗拉多州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Coomer v. Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (2)", "url": "/documents/1821/Coomer_v._Lindell_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Defense counsel misattributed Capital Solutions (695 F. Supp. 2d 1149) as a Tenth Circuit decision; Court explained the citation is to the Federal Supplement (a district-court reporter) and the case was not appealed to the Tenth Circuit. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted defense counsel previously admitted that earlier citation errors were produced by generative AI and that the Court had earlier sanctioned counsel for similar AI-produced citation mistakes.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "库默诉 Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (2)", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|辩护律师将 Capital Solutions (695 F. Supp. 2d 1149) 误认为是第十巡回法院的裁决；法院解释说，传票是向联邦补充报（一名地区法院记者）发出的，该案并未上诉至第十巡回法院。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，辩护律师此前承认，早期的引用错误是由生成式人工智能产生的，并且法院早些时候曾因类似的人工智能产生的引用错误而对律师进行了制裁。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Labonte v. Bokf, et al.", "url": "/documents/1492/JOSHUA_WARREN_LABONTE_Plaintiff_v_BOKF_NA_UNIVERSAL_LENDING_CORPORATION_MO.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Sterling v. Velsicol Chem. Corp. as '855 P.2d 1188' and as a Colorado court decision; the Court noted the correct reporter and that Sterling is 855 F.2d 1188 (Sixth Circuit), not a Colorado decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation warning against dismissals that would 'strip a court of its ability to afford complete relief' to Citizen Center v. Gessler; the Court found that language does not appear in Gessler. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Harris v. Sand Canyon Corp. using an apparently fabricated or incorrect Westlaw-style citation that does not match the case or proposition relied upon.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Labonte 诉 Bokf 等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 Sterling 诉 Velsicol Chem 案。 Corp. 为“855 P.2d 1188”以及科罗拉多州法院的判决；法院指出了正确的报告者，并且斯特林是 855 F.2d 1188（第六巡回法院），而不是科罗拉多州的决定。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将“公民中心诉盖斯勒案”一案归咎于对解雇的引文警告，该警告将“剥夺法院提供完全救济的能力”；法院认为盖斯勒身上没有出现语言。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了哈里斯诉沙峡谷公司案，使用了明显捏造或不正确的韦斯特法风格的引证，该引证与所依据的案件或主张不符。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (3)", "url": "/documents/1510/NONNIE_BERG_Plaintiff_v_UNITED_AIRLINES_INC_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion for Extension cited a nonexistent Ninth Circuit case titled 'Kelley v. United States' with a fabricated reporter citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion for Extension cited a nonexistent 10th Circuit opinion 'United States v. Miller' with a fabricated Westlaw cite and date. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Moore v. City of Del City' but misstated the reporter information and attributed an 'excusable neglect' holding that the Moore opinion did not address.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (3)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的延期动议引用了一个不存在的第九巡回法院案件，名为“凯利诉美国”，并附有捏造的记者引文。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的延期动议引用了不存在的第十巡回法院意见“美国诉米勒”，并附有捏造的韦斯特法引用和日期。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了“摩尔诉德尔城市”一案，但错误地陈述了记者的信息，并认为摩尔意见并未涉及“可原谅的疏忽”。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Filing restriction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (2)", "url": "/documents/1421/Berg_v._United_Airlines_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted plaintiff's Motion to Compel contained citations to a seemingly nonexistent case referred to as \"Hernandez\" (pages 6 and 8 of the motion). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted plaintiff's Motion for Relief from Order cited a seemingly nonexistent case \"United States v. Miller\" (page 4 of the motion).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院注意到原告的强制动议包含对一个名为“Hernandez”的看似不存在的案件的引用（动议第 6 页和第 8 页）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院注意到原告的命令救济动议引用了一个看似不存在的案件“美国诉米勒”（动议第 4 页）。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Alzado-Lotz v. Bock", "url": "/documents/1360/Alzado-Lotz_v._Bock_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a non-existent Tenth Circuit decision 'Hinzo v. State of N.M., 79 F.4th 1164, 1175 (10th Cir. 2023)'; the court determined that citation is non-existent and does not support the argument. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendant quoted language purportedly from Nikwei v. Ross Sch. of Aviation, Inc. (822 F.2d 939) that the court found does not appear in Nikwei; the court noted the wording likely originates from Aetna Business Credit, Inc., 635 F.2d 434, 435 (5th Cir. 1981).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿尔扎多-洛茨诉博克案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告引用了一项不存在的第十巡回法院判决“Hinzo v. State of N.M., 79 F.4th 1164, 1175 (10th Cir. 2023)”；法院认定引文不存在，因此不支持该论点。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告引用了据称来自 Nikwei v. Ross Sch. 案的语言。法院认定航空公司 (822 F.2d 939) 并未在 Nikwei 出庭；法院指出，该措辞可能源自 Aetna Business Credit, Inc., 635 F.2d 434, 435 (5th Cir. 1981)。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "Hanson v. Nest Home Lending, LLC et al.", "url": "/documents/895/Hanson_v._Nest_Home_Lending_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion cites People ex rel. State Bd. of Equalization v. Hively, 336 P.2d 721 (1959) for a proposition about declaratory relief and ownership clarity that the case does not establish. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint cites Reagan v. Investors Mtg. Co., 977 P.2d 299 (Colo. App. 1999); court found no such case (Westlaw returns unrelated State v. Maier). || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint cites In re Medina, 2012 WL 1368983 (Bankr. D. Colo.); court found no results for that citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Motion to Disqualify quotes language attributed to Weeks v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. I-89, but the quoted language does not appear in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion to Remand attributes the parenthetical proposition about remandability of quiet title/foreclosure disputes to Easton v. Crossland Mortgage Corp., but Easton did not address that issue. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion for Declaratory Judgment cites Koon v. Barmettler, 301 P.2d 713 (1956) for the proposition that declaratory judgment is appropriate to resolve quiet title, but Koon did not address that subject. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Response cites Colo. Rev. Stat. § 38-41-201 to support a joinder rule for quiet title actions; the cited statute actually pertains to homestead exemptions and is unrelated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cites First Nat’l Bank of Greeley v. Conway, 34 Colo. 372, 83 P. 361 (1905); court found that citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cites Hendricks v. Bank of America, N.A., 408 S.W.3d 688 (Tex. App. 2013); court found no such Texas Court of Appeals decision and noted the Ninth Circuit Hendricks decision cited does not support Plaintiffs' proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cites Goodman v. Heritage Savings & Loan Ass’n, 390 P.2d 712 (Colo. 1964); court determined this case does not exist as cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cite In re Veal, 450 B.R. 897 (9th Ci", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "汉森诉 Nest Home Lending, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|动议引用了《人物》前相关内容。州 Bd。 Equalization v. Hively, 336 P.2d 721 (1959) 提出了关于宣告性救济和所有权明确性的主张，但本案并未成立。 ||捏造：判例法|诉状引用了里根诉投资者管理公司案（Reagan v. Investors Mtg.） Co.，977 P.2d 299（科罗拉多州申请，1999 年）；法院没有发现此类案件（Westlaw 返回无关的 State v. Maier）。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉引用了 In re Medina, 2012 WL 1368983 (Bankr. D. Colo.)；法院没有发现该传票的结果。 ||虚假引述：判例法|取消资格动议引用了 Weeks v. Indep 案中的语言。施。区。没有 I-89，但引用的语言并未出现在该意见中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|还押动议将关于无声所有权/取消抵押品赎回权纠纷的可发还的附加命题归因于伊斯顿诉克罗斯兰抵押贷款公司，但伊斯顿没有解决这个问题。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|宣告性判决动议引用了 Koon v. Barmettler, 301 P.2d 713 (1956)，主张宣告性判决适合解决安静所有权问题，但 Koon 并未讨论该主题。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|回应引用了科罗拉多州修订统计。 § 38-41-201 支持安静产权诉讼的合并规则；所引用的法规实际上涉及宅基地豁免，并且是无关的。 ||捏造：判例法|答复引用了 First Nat’l Bank of Greeley v. Conway, 34 Colo. 372, 83 P. 361 (1905)；法院认为引文不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|回应引用了 Hendricks v. Bank of America, N.A., 408 S.W.3d 688 (Tex. App. 2013)；法院没有发现德克萨斯州上诉法院的此类裁决，并指出所引用的第九巡回法院亨德里克斯的裁决不支持原告的主张。 ||捏造：判例法|回应引用了 Goodman v. Heritage Savings & Loan Ass’n, 390 P.2d 712 (Colo. 1964)；法院认定本案不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 In re Veal, 450 B.R. 897（第九届", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Struck Filing; Order for future filings to include certificate; Required contact with the Federal Pro Se Clinic", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Y.S. v. John Doe et al.", "url": "/documents/1068/YS_v._John_Doe_USA_19_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re Subpoena to Coinbase, Inc., No. 17-MC-80244, 2018 WL 1898913, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 19, 2018)' to support delayed notice; the court found this cited opinion does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'In re Subpoena to Coinbase, Inc., 2023 WL 177977, at 2 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 12, 2023)'; the court could not locate this citation on Westlaw and noted only an unrelated CourtListener docket for 'In re: Coinbase, Inc.' (23-1779). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 964 F.3d 1203 (D.C. Cir. 2020) as approving 'delayed notice' to prevent targets from knowing of subpoenas; the court observed Strike 3 contains no discussion of preventing a subpoena target from learning of the subpoena and therefore does not support plaintiff's proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Hard Drive Productions, Inc., 809 F. Supp. 2d 1150 (N.D. Cal. 2011) as supporting nondisclosure/delayed notice; the court found Hard Drive authorized notice to subscribers (the opposite of delayed notice) and does not support plaintiff's position. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Arista Records LLC v. Does 1-27, 584 F. Supp. 2d 240, 254 (D.D.C. 2008) to argue courts approved email service for early discovery; the court noted Arista is a decision from the District of Maine (584 F. Supp. 2d 240 (D. Me. 2008)) and did not address Rule 45 email service, so the citation was both jurisdictionally and substantively mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Y.S.诉约翰·多伊等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“关于向 Coinbase, Inc. 发出的传票，编号 17-MC-80244，2018 WL 1898913，*4（加州北区法院，2018 年 4 月 19 日）”来支持延迟通知；法院认为该引述意见不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“关于向 Coinbase, Inc. 发出的传票，2023 WL 177977，第 2 页（加州北区法院，2023 年 1 月 12 日）”；法院无法在 Westlaw 上找到此引文，仅注意到与“In re: Coinbase, Inc.”无关的 CourtListener 案卷。 （23-1779）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告依据 Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. Doe, 964 F.3d 1203 (D.C. Cir. 2020) 批准“延迟通知”，以防止目标知晓传票；法院认为，Strike 3 没有讨论防止传票目标获悉传票，因此不支持原告的主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了 Hard Drive Productions, Inc., 809 F. Supp。 2d 1150 (N.D. Cal. 2011) 作为保密/延迟通知的支持；法院认为硬盘已授权向订户发出通知（与延迟通知相反），并且不支持原告的立场。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 Arista Records LLC 诉Does 1-27, 584 F. Supp. 案。 2d 240, 254 (D.D.C. 2008) 主张法院批准电子邮件服务以进行早期发现；法院指出，Arista 是缅因州地区的一项决定（584 F. Supp. 2d 240 (D. Me. 2008)），并且没有涉及规则 45 电子邮件服务，因此该传票在管辖权和实质上都被错误描述。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Cotto v. United States", "url": "/documents/1061/Cotto_v._USA_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F.4th 1015' for summary-judgment guidance; the Court found no such decision exists, noted the 29 F.4th pin cite aligns with Barrera Arreguin v. Garland, 29 F.4th 1010, and that an unrelated Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F. App'x 548 (10th Cir. 2002) exists.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "库托诉美国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F.4th 1015”作为摘要判决指导；法院认为不存在这样的判决，并指出第 29 F.4th pin 引文与 Barrera Arreguin v. Garland, 29 F.4th 1010 一致，并且存在不相关的 Ayala v. Holmes, 29 F. App'x 548 (10th Cir. 2002)。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion for reconsideration denied; court identified the cited case/citation as nonexistent/miscited and rejected reliance on it.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Matthew Lewis v. Eagle County Government", "url": "/documents/1191/Lewis_v._Eagle_Country_USA_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Court noted the original Complaint relied on a pre-2011 regulatory '20% rule' that was amended in 2011 and therefore was a superseded/regulatory error. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found this citation does not correspond to any existing opinion; counsel later conceded the citation, as presented, was fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found this citation, as presented, does not exist and was included in the First Amended Complaint. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined this cited decision, in the form presented in the pleading, does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court concluded this citation as presented does not correspond to an existing case; included in First Amended Complaint. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court observed counsel cited Huff for a proposition it does not support; Huff holds §203(y) does not require actual fire suppression, cutting against Plaintiff's asserted proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court determined this case is inapposite to the §203(y) proposition for which it was cited (does not involve §203(y)). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found these cited Ninth Circuit decisions do not support the proposition they were cited for (they did not arise on motions to dismiss as claimed). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found counsel misused this Ninth Circuit authority; it does not support the asserted proposition at the pleading stage.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马修刘易斯诉伊格尔县政府", "description_zh": "过时的建议：废除的法律|法院指出，最初的投诉依赖于 2011 年之前的监管“20% 规则”，该规则于 2011 年进行了修订，因此是一个被取代/监管错误。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认为该引文与任何现有意见都不相符；律师后来承认，所提供的传票是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认为所提供的这份引文不存在，并包含在第一修正案投诉中。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定诉状中所引用的判决不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|法院得出结论，所提出的引文与现有案件不符；包含在第一次修订的投诉中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法庭观察到律师引用赫夫的观点来支持其不支持的主张； Huff 认为第 203(y) 条并不要求实际灭火，这与原告的主张相悖。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院裁定本案与其所引用的第 203(y) 条命题不符（不涉及第 203(y) 条）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现，这些引用的第九巡回法院判决并不支持它们所引用的主张（它们并不是在驳回动议时出现的）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现律师滥用了第九巡回法院的权力；不支持答辩阶段所主张的主张。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Fine and Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "28000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "Nonnie Berg v. United Airlines, Inc. (1)", "url": "/documents/973/Berg_v._United_Airlines_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Salt Institute v. Leavitt, 440 F. Supp. 2d 240, 243 (D.D.C. 2006); court could not identify this citation in Westlaw and treated it as an AI-generated, non-existent opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited In re Parke-Davis Sec. Litig., 177 F.R.D. 246, 250 N.6 (E.D. Mich. 1997); court could not verify the citation and treated it as fabricated AI output. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Koch v. Koch Indus., Inc., 203 F.R.D. 479, 487 (D. Kan. 2011); court could not locate this citation in its database and treated it as a non-existent case likely generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Hodgson v. Mason & Hangar-Silas Mason Co., 545 F. Supp. 1189, 1192 (D. Kan. 1982); court could not identify this citation and considered it an AI-fabricated opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Smith v. Life Investors Ins. Co. of Am., 245 F.R.D. 580, 584 (D. Kan. 2007); court was unable to verify the citation and treated it as a fabricated case citation from AI-generated content. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff submitted a medical report (ECF No. 108-3) dated April 27, 2020 that the court found to contain indicia of AI generation (generic language, markdown artifacts, incomplete license info) and could not verify the physician.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nonnie Berg 诉联合航空公司 (1)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Salt Institute v. Leavitt，440 F. Supp。 2d 240, 243（D.D.C. 2006）；法院无法识别 Westlaw 中的这一引文，并将其视为人工智能生成的、不存在的意见。 ||捏造：判例法|原告在帕克-戴维斯案中引用了这一点。诉讼，177 F.R.D. 246, 250 N.6（密歇根州东区，1997 年）；法院无法核实该传票，并将其视为捏造的人工智能输出。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引 Koch v. Koch Indus., Inc., 203 F.R.D. 479, 487（D. Kan. 2011）；法院无法在其数据库中找到该引文，并将其视为可能由人工智能生成的不存在的案件。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Hodgson v. Mason & Hangar-Silas Mason Co.，545 F. Supp。 1189、1192（D. Kan. 1982）；法院无法识别该传票，并认为这是人工智能捏造的意见。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引了史密斯诉生命投资者公司案。美国公司，245 F.R.D. 580, 584（D. Kan. 2007）；法院无法验证该引文，并将其视为来自人工智能生成内容的捏造案件引文。 ||制作：展览和提交|原告提交了一份日期为2020年4月27日的医疗报告（ECF No. 108-3），法院发现该报告包含人工智能生成的标记（通用语言、Markdown 工件、不完整的许可信息），并且无法验证医生的身份。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Coomer v. Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (1)", "url": "/documents/566/Coomer_v._Lindell_USA_7_July_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Opposition falsely quotes Pure as stating 'reputation and character are inextricably intertwined'; court found the quote does not appear. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opposition cites Reaves to claim evidence can implicate multiple evidentiary rules; court found Reaves discusses only Rule 608(b) and does not support that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cites a non-existent Tenth Circuit case styled Perkins v. Fed. Fruit & Produce Co. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cites a non-existent District of Colorado case styled Estate of Martinelli v. City & County of Denver. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cites a non-existent Tenth Circuit case styled United States v. Hoffman/Hoffmann. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opposition asserts Perrin supports routine admission of truthfulness evidence in defamation actions; court found Perrin is not a defamation case and does not state that rule. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opposition lists United States v. Hassan as Tenth Circuit authority; court notes it is a Fourth Circuit case and not binding. || False Quotes: Case Law | In related Pelishek filing by same counsel, Swetlik is quoted for 'falsified government records affecting taxpayer funds,' which the court notes does not appear in the opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | In related Pelishek filing, citation to Bohannan v. Doe with Ninth Circuit reporter page is non-existent per the court’s review. || Misrepresented: Case Law | In related Pelishek filing, Gomez v. City of Chicago is cited to a WL citation that actually corresponds to a D.N.J. case (McKenna v. Verint). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opposition misattributes Ginter as a District of Colorado decision; court notes it is from the Eastern District of Kentucky.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "库默诉 Lindell/MyPillow, Inc. (1)", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|反对派错误地引用 Pure 的说法，称“声誉和品格是密不可分的”；法院发现该引述并未出现。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反对派引用里夫斯的观点，声称证据可能涉及多种证据规则；法院认定 Reaves 仅讨论了第 608(b) 条规则，并不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|反对派引用了一个不存在的第十巡回法院案件，名为“帕金斯诉美联储”。水果及农产品公司||捏造：判例法|反对派引用了一个不存在的科罗拉多州案件，名为“马蒂内利庄园诉丹佛市和县”。 ||捏造：判例法|反对派引用了一个不存在的第十巡回法院案件，名为“美国诉霍夫曼/霍夫曼”案。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反对派声称佩林支持在诽谤诉讼中例行承认真实性证据；法院认定佩兰案不属于诽谤案，因此没有说明这一规则。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反对派将“美国诉哈桑”案列为第十巡回上诉法院管辖；法院指出，这是第四巡回法院的案件，不具有约束力。 ||虚假引述：判例法|在同一律师提交的相关 Pelishek 文件中，斯威特利克被引用为“影响纳税人资金的伪造政府记录”，但法院指出，这一点并未出现在意见中。 ||捏造：判例法|根据法院的审查，在相关的 Pelishek 文件中，第九巡回法院记者页面对 Bohannan 诉 Doe 的引用并不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|在相关的 Pelishek 文件中，戈麦斯诉芝加哥市案被 WL 引用，而该引文实际上对应于 D.N.J.案件（麦肯纳诉维林特）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反对派错误地将 Ginter 视为科罗拉多州的一项决定；法院指出它来自肯塔基州东区。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Co-Pilot, Westlaw’s AI, Gemini, Grok, Claude, ChatGPT, Perplexity", "outcome": "Monetary Sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-06", "title": "Harris v. Take-Two Interactive Software", "url": "/documents/344/Harris_v._Take-Two_Interactive_Software_Inc._Colorado_USA_May_6_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed quotations to cited cases that, per Take-Two and the Court, do not contain those quotes; plaintiff later withdrew or clarified he was not quoting directly, and replacement citations did not support his argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited cases that, per Take-Two, could not be located; the Court noted the withdrawal and cautioned that use of fictitious cases may warrant Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈里斯诉 Take-Two 互动软件案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告将引文归因于所引用的案例，但根据 Take-Two 和法院的说法，这些案例中并不包含这些引文；原告后来撤回或澄清他没有直接引用，替换引文也不支持他的论点。 ||捏造：判例法|原告列举了根据 Take-Two 无法找到的案例；法院注意到了撤回，并警告说，使用虚构案件可能会受到规则 11 的制裁。", "court": "D. Colorado", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 18, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-TN", "title": "Tennessee", "entries": [ { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Tennessee House Bill 2325", "url": "https://legiscan.com/TN/text/HB2325/2023", "description": "Establishes the Tennessee Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council to recommend AI action plans for state government, focusing on economic benefits, responsible use, labor market impacts, and transparency. Requires annual reports through 2028, with a final report due by December 31, 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "田纳西州众议院法案 2325", "description_zh": "成立田纳西州人工智能咨询委员会，为州政府推荐人工智能行动计划，重点关注经济效益、负责任的使用、劳动力市场影响和透明度。要求提供截至 2028 年的年度报告，最终报告应于 2028 年 12 月 31 日之前提交。" }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "Tennessee House Bill 2163 (Sexual Exploitation of Children)", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/Billinfo/default.aspx?BillNumber=HB2163&ga=113#:~:text=Sexual%20Offenses%20%2D%20As%20enacted%2C%20specifies,Title%2039%20and%20Title%2040.", "description": "Amends the definition of computer-generated images to include those modified by AI for sexual exploitation offenses. Defines \"artificial intelligence\" and \"generative artificial intelligence\" related to content creation. Takes effect on July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "田纳西州众议院法案 2163（对儿童的性剥削）", "description_zh": "修改了计算机生成图像的定义，以包括那些经过人工智能修改的性剥削犯罪图像。定义与内容创作相关的“人工智能”和“生成人工智能”。于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。" }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "Tennessee Ensuring Likeness Voice and Image Security (ELVIS) Act", "url": "https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=SB2096&GA=113", "description": "Tennessee enacted the Ensuring Likeness Voice and Image Security (ELVIS) Act, the first state law specifically designed to protect recording artists from AI-generated voice cloning and likeness infringement. The law updated Tennessee's existing Personal Rights Protection Act to explicitly include protections for an individual's voice as a protected attribute, making it illegal to use AI to replicate a person's voice without consent for commercial purposes. It gave individuals and their estates the right to sue for unauthorized AI replication of their voice or likeness.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "田纳西州确保相似语音和图像安全 (ELVIS) 法案", "description_zh": "田纳西州颁布了《确保相似语音和图像安全 (ELVIS) 法案》，这是第一部专门旨在保护录音艺术家免受人工智能生成的语音克隆和相似侵权的州法律。该法律更新了田纳西州现有的《个人权利保护法》，明确将对个人声音的保护列为受保护属性，使得未经同意用于商业目的而使用人工智能复制个人声音的行为属于非法行为。它赋予个人及其财产对未经授权的人工智能复制其声音或肖像提起诉讼的权利。" }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "An Act to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 39, Chapter 14, Part 1 and Title 47, relative to the protection of personal rights.", "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0588.pdf", "description": "Amends Tennessee law to protect individuals' rights to their name, photograph, voice, or likeness, including simulated versions, against unauthorized commercial use. Imposes liability for unauthorized AI-generated likenesses. Allows fair use exceptions and extends rights posthumously. Effective July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修改《田纳西州法典注释》第 39 章第 14 章第 1 部分和第 47 章有关个人权利保护的法案。", "description_zh": "修改田纳西州法律，保护个人对其姓名、照片、声音或肖像（包括模拟版本）的权利，防止未经授权的商业使用。对未经授权的人工智能生成的肖像追究责任。允许合理使用例外并在死后延长权利。 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。" }, { "date": "11 March 2024", "title": "Tennessee Senate Bill 1711", "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/113/pub/pc0550.pdf", "description": "Requires Tennessee educational institutions, including universities and charter schools, to adopt AI use policies for instructional purposes by specified deadlines. Mandates policy implementation and reporting to relevant authorities, with noncompliance potentially leading to accountability measures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "田纳西州参议院法案 1711", "description_zh": "要求田纳西州的教育机构，包括大学和特许学校，在指定的截止日期前采用用于教学目的的人工智能使用政策。强制执行政策并向相关当局报告，违规行为可能会导致问责措施。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Tennessee HB 1898", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Tennessee+HB 1898+AI+2026", "description": "Tennessee legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "田纳西州 HB 1898", "description_zh": "田纳西州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Edward Reynolds v. Progressive Technologies, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1880/Reynolds_v_Progressive_Technologies_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited multiple district-court decisions to argue that courts routinely strike overlength briefs; the Court found those cited cases either do not exist or are misattributed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "爱德华·雷诺兹诉进步技术公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了多个地区法院的判决来辩称，法院通常会驳回过长的案情摘要；法院认为这些引用的案例要么不存在，要么被错误归因。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Randel Edward Page, Jr. v. Apperson Crump", "url": "/documents/1915/Page_v._Apperson_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on a second nonexistent case citation in his motion for summary reversal; the Court's research confirmed the citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on a nonexistent case citation in his motion for summary reversal; the Court's research confirmed the citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on a third nonexistent or misrepresentative case citation in his motion for summary reversal; the Court's research confirmed the citation was erroneous/nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小兰德尔·爱德华·佩奇诉阿帕森·克伦普案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人在其动议中依赖第二个不存在的案例引用来进行简易撤销；法院的研究证实该引文不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人在其动议中依赖不存在的案例引用来进行简易撤销；法院的研究证实该引文不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人在其简易撤销动议中依赖第三个不存在或不真实的案例引用；法院的研究证实该引文是错误的/不存在的。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Femhealth USA Carafem v. Rickey Nelson Williams", "url": "/documents/1378/Femhealth_v._Williams_USA_23_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Defendants included fabricated statutory language in their response; the Court identified it as fabricated, struck those portions, and refused to consider them. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants quoted nonexistent cases (fabricated case law) in support of denying statutory damages; the Court found the quotations were from nonexistent cases, struck them, and warned sanctions could follow.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国女性健康 Carafem 诉 Rickey Nelson Williams", "description_zh": "捏造：法律规范|被告在其答复中包含捏造的法定语言；法院认定该文件是捏造的，删除了这些部分，并拒绝考虑它们。 ||捏造：判例法|被告引用不存在的案例（捏造判例法）来支持否认法定损害赔偿；法院发现这些引文来自不存在的案例，对其进行了打击，并警告可能会采取制裁措施。", "court": "M.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments Struck; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Jeremie Montgomery v. AFL-CIO", "url": "/documents/1037/Montgomery_v._AFL-CIO_USA_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'EEOC v. Ironworkers Local 28, 2012 WL 4339035 (S.D.N.Y. 2012)' as supporting authority; court stated the citation was incorrect and not located. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Operating Engineers Local 406 JATC, 271 NLRB 1396 (1984)' to support union liability; court found citation incorrect/non-existent and could not locate the case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'IBEW Local 212 (Cincinnati JATC), 331 NLRB 152 (2000)' to argue JATC liability; court determined the citation was incorrect/non-existent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "杰里米·蒙哥马利诉 AFL-CIO", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“EEOC v. Ironworkers Local 28, 2012 WL 4339035 (S.D.N.Y. 2012)”作为支持依据；法院称该引文不正确且未找到。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引“Operating Engineers Local 406 JATC, 271 NLRB 1396 (1984)”来支持工会责任；法院发现引文不正确/不存在，并且无法找到该案件。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引“IBEW Local 212 (Cincinnati JATC), 331 NLRB 152 (2000)”来论证 JATC 的责任；法院判定该传票不正确/不存在。", "court": "M.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Jamison Warfield v. W.N. Morehouse Truck Line, Inc.", "url": "/documents/980/Warfield_v._Morehouse_Truck_Line_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Morehouse pointed out that Warfield's briefs relied on incorrect and nonexistent case citations; the Court acknowledged the allegation but did not analyze specific fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "贾米森·沃菲尔德诉 W.N. Morehouse Truck Line, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|莫尔豪斯指出，沃菲尔德的案情摘要依赖于不正确且不存在的案例引用；法院承认了这一指控，但没有分析具体的捏造引文。", "court": "E.D. Tennessee", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "title": "Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc. v. Dennis Michael Philipson", "url": "/documents/781/MID-AMERICA_APARTMENT_COMMUNITIES_INC_Plaintiff_v_DENNIS_MICHAEL_PHILIPSON_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se defendant cited 'First Nat'l Bank of Polk Cnty. v. Goss, No. E2008-01530-COA-R3-CV, 2009 WL 2046052 (Tenn. Ct. App. July 15, 2009)' and provided a quoted passage; the court found that citation does not exist as cited and the quoted language is not in the real 1995 Goss opinion, concluding the citation and quote were likely fabricated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Mid-America Apartment Communities, Inc. 诉 Dennis Michael Philipson", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|自辩被告引用了“波尔克县第一国家银行”。 v. Goss，No. E2008-01530-COA-R3-CV，2009 WL 2046052（Tenn. Ct. App. 2009 年 7 月 15 日）'并提供了引用的段落；法院认为，引文并不存在，而且引用的语言也不属于真正的 1995 Goss 意见，因此得出结论，引文和引文很可能是 AI 捏造的。", "court": "W.D. Tennessee", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-TX", "title": "Texas", "entries": [ { "date": "22 June 2025", "title": "Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 149)", "url": "https://www.legis.state.tx.us/BillLookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB149 - wait until docx version is available", "description": "Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Council to regulate AI, preventing harm, discrimination, and privacy infringement, and requires disclosures of AI use to consumers. Establishes the AI Council and Sandbox Program for testing AI systems and authorizes the attorney general to enforce compliance and impose penalties.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案 (HB 149)", "description_zh": "成立人工智能委员会来规范人工智能，防止伤害、歧视和隐私侵犯，并要求向消费者披露人工智能的使用情况。建立人工智能委员会和沙盒计划来测试人工智能系统，并授权总检察长强制遵守规定并实施处罚。" }, { "date": "23 December 2024", "title": "Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (HB 1709)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/Text.aspx?LegSess=89R&Bill=HB1709", "description": "Regulates AI systems in Texas through the Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act. Imposes duties on developers, distributors, and deployers to prevent algorithmic discrimination. Requires high-risk AI systems impact assessments and consumer disclosures. Establishes penalties for noncompliance, prohibits specific AI uses, and introduces an AI sandbox program for controlled testing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案 (HB 1709)", "description_zh": "通过《德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案》监管德克萨斯州的人工智能系统。对开发人员、分销商和部署人员施加责任，以防止算法歧视。需要高风险人工智能系统影响评估和消费者披露。制定对违规行为的处罚，禁止特定的人工智能使用，并引入人工智能沙盒程序进行受控测试。" }, { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "Texas HB 4695", "url": "https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/HB4695/2023", "description": "Requires commission approval for AI mental health applications and mandates licensed supervision, informed consent, and clear AI disclosure. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 HB 4695", "description_zh": "需要委员会批准人工智能心理健康应用，并要求获得许可监督、知情同意和明确的人工智能披露。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Texas SB 2911: Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (Proposed)", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=SB2911", "description": "Texas introduced Senate Bill 2911, the Texas Responsible AI Governance Act, which would have established a comprehensive framework for the development and deployment of high-risk AI systems in the state, including requirements for impact assessments, transparency disclosures, and anti-discrimination protections. The bill did not advance out of the 88th Legislature but signaled Texas's growing legislative focus on AI governance beyond government use. Similar provisions were reintroduced in subsequent legislative sessions as the state continued to develop its AI policy approach.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 SB 2911：德克萨斯州负责任的人工智能治理法案（拟议）", "description_zh": "德克萨斯州提出了参议院法案 2911，即《德克萨斯州负责任人工智能治理法案》，该法案将为该州高风险人工智能系统的开发和部署建立一个全面的框架，包括影响评估、透明度披露和反歧视保护的要求。该法案并未在第 88 届立法机构中获得通过，但表明德克萨斯州立法机构越来越关注人工智能治理，而不仅仅是政府使用。随着国家继续制定人工智能政策方针，类似的规定在随后的立法会议上被重新引入。" }, { "date": "17 June 2023", "title": "Texas HB 1709: Government Use of AI", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=88R&Bill=HB1709", "description": "Texas enacted House Bill 1709, which requires state agencies to develop policies governing the use of AI systems and establishes standards for transparency and accountability in government AI applications. The law requires state agencies to inventory their AI use, assess risks, and report to the legislature on AI implementation. It created a Texas Artificial Intelligence Advisory Council to advise state agencies on AI adoption and policy, positioning Texas as an early mover in regulating government AI use at the state level.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 HB 1709：政府对人工智能的使用", "description_zh": "德克萨斯州颁布了第 1709 号众议院法案，要求州机构制定管理人工智能系统使用的政策，并建立政府人工智能应用的透明度和问责制标准。该法律要求国家机构清查人工智能的使用情况，评估风险，并向立法机关报告人工智能的实施情况。它成立了德克萨斯州人工智能咨询委员会，就人工智能的采用和政策向州机构提供建议，使德克萨斯州成为在州一级监管政府人工智能使用的先行者。" }, { "date": "13 June 2023", "title": "An Act relating to the creation of the artificial intelligence advisory council", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB02060F.htm", "description": "Establishes an artificial intelligence advisory council to study and monitor AI systems used by Texas state agencies, and requires those agencies to submit inventory reports describing the AI systems they use.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于设立人工智能顾问委员会的法案", "description_zh": "建立人工智能咨询委员会来研究和监控德克萨斯州机构使用的人工智能系统，并要求这些机构提交描述其使用的人工智能系统的库存报告。" }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "An act relating to a study on the establishment of a program administered by the Texas Workforce Commission to train individuals in certain skills related to artificial intelligence systems.", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB03633I.htm", "description": "Requires the Texas House of Representatives committee overseeing workforce development to conduct a study on whether to establish an AI-related workforce training program. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "一项与德克萨斯州劳动力委员会管理的项目的研究有关的法案，该项目旨在培训个人与人工智能系统相关的某些技能。", "description_zh": "要求德克萨斯州众议院监督劳动力发展的委员会就是否建立人工智能相关的劳动力培训计划进行研究。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Texas HB 149", "url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup.aspx?LegSes=89R&Bill=HB+149", "description": "Texas legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "德克萨斯州 HB 149", "description_zh": "德克萨斯州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "title": "Stanford v. Leinart", "url": "/documents/1929/Stanford_v._Leinart_USA_2_APril_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent opinion \"Anderson v. Hood\" in his brief; the court found the citation fabricated and likely AI-generated and admonished that citation of nonexistent cases is unacceptable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "斯坦福诉莱纳特案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人在其摘要中引用了不存在的观点“Anderson v. Hood”；法院认为该引文是捏造的，很可能是人工智能生成的，并告诫说，引用不存在的案件是不可接受的。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "title": "Hartmann v. Davidson", "url": "/documents/1661/Hartmann_v._Jadou_USA_12_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "哈特曼诉戴维森案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Fabian Antonio Thomas v. Officer Skylar Sillivent, et al.", "url": "/documents/1617/Thomas_v._Sillivent_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited United States v. Lopez, 817 F.3d 541, 545 (5th Cir. 2016); the Court found this to be a phantom case that does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Fabian Antonio Thomas 诉 Skylar Sillivent 警官等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引 United States v. Lopez, 817 F.3d 541, 545 (5th Cir. 2016)；法院认为这是一个不存在的幻案。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "David Thomas v. The Quikrete Companies, LLC", "url": "/documents/1607/Thomas_v._Quikrete_Company_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law | The plaintiffs' briefing allegedly 'manufacture[d] or cite[d] hallucinated quotations' attributed to the Fifth Circuit's decision in Ash v. Flowers Foods, Inc.; the court notes the quoted language does not appear in Ash.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "大卫·托马斯诉 Quikrete Companies, LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法||虚假引述：判例法|原告的简报据称“制造[d]或引用[d]幻觉引文”归因于第五巡回法院在 Ash 诉 Flowers Foods, Inc. 案中的判决；法院指出，引用的语言并未出现在 Ash 中。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Wells Fargo Bank v. Frances W. Dean", "url": "/documents/1591/Wells_Fargo_v._Dean_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined this cited case does not exist; relied on it in her filings. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the case exists but was attributed to the wrong court than claimed in Dean's filing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined this cited case does not exist; relied on it in her motion. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Court noted Dean failed to disclose that this authority was reversed by the Texas Supreme Court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "富国银行诉弗朗西斯·W·迪恩案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院认定本案不存在；她在文件中依赖了这一点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院认定此案确实存在，但归咎于迪​​恩提交的文件中声称的错误法院。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定本案不存在；她的行动依赖于这一点。 ||过时的建议：推翻判例法|法院指出，迪恩未能透露这一权力已被德克萨斯州最高法院推翻。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Kenneth Hawkins v. I.C. System, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1568/KENNETH_HAWKINS_Plaintiff_v_IC_SYSTEM_INC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff included authorities in filings that the Court could not locate and determined did not appear to exist; Court warned this constituted 'made up' citations and reminded plaintiff of Rule 11.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯尼思·霍金斯诉 I.C.系统公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在法院无法找到且确定似乎不存在的文件中包含了当局；法院警告称，这构成了“捏造”的引文，并提醒原告注意规则 11。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Shawn Olali v. Ampex Brands, LLC", "url": "/documents/1624/Olali_v.__USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's pleadings included citations to nonexistent cases; the court noted these fabricated citations and warned of Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Shawn Olali 诉 Ampex Brands, LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的诉状中引用了不存在的案件；法院注意到这些捏造的传票，并警告遵守规则 11 的制裁。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Shaerica L. Walder v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "/documents/1559/Walder_v._Experian_Information_Solutions_Inc_Defendant_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited nonexistent/fictitious cases in her motion for summary judgment; the magistrate judge flagged the fabricated citations and the district court warned that further citation of nonexistent cases could result in sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Shaerica L. Walder 诉 Experian Information Solutions", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在简易判决动议中多次引用不存在/虚构的案件；治安法官指出了捏造的传票，地方法院警告称，进一步援引不存在的案件可能会导致制裁。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Ericka Holmes v. The University of Texas at Austin", "url": "/documents/1467/Holmes_v._Texas_U_Austin_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent Fifth Circuit case 'Harris v. City of Houston (5th Cir. 2022)' to support an 'age-specific references' standard; court found the case does not exist and labeled it a hallucinated case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel attributed to Lenzi v. Systemax, Inc. a holding that 'discrimination claims may proceed without traditional comparator evidence,' which the court found to be a mischaracterization of Lenzi. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel relied on Hamilton v. Dallas County as if it pertained to the comparator pleading requirement; the court found that Hamilton is unrelated to that element and was mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Multiple citations were improperly formatted or incorrect (examples flagged by the court), indicating inaccurate or AI-generated citation errors.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃里卡·霍姆斯诉德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师引用了一个不存在的第五巡回法院案件“哈里斯诉休斯顿市（第五巡回法院，2022 年）”来支持“特定年龄参考”标准；法院认定此案不存在，并将其标记为幻觉案件。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师将 Lenzi v. Systemax, Inc. 的裁决归因于“歧视索赔可以在没有传统比较证据的情况下进行”，法院认为这是对 Lenzi 的错误描述。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师依据汉密尔顿诉达拉斯县一案，就好像它涉及比较人的诉状要求一样；法院认为汉密尔顿与该因素无关，并且被错误地描述。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |多次引文格式不正确或不正确（法院标记的示例），表明引文不准确或人工智能生成的错误。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Sidni Campbell v. John Campbell, Jr.", "url": "/documents/1373/Campbell_v._Campbell_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Daren cited cases that do not appear to exist; court observed fabricated case citations in his motions. || False Quotes: Case Law | Daren cited purported quotations that do not exist in the relevant opinions; court noted misquoted or phantom quotations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "西德尼·坎贝尔诉小约翰·坎贝尔", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|达人列举了看似不存在的案例；法院注意到他的动议中捏造了案件引文。 ||虚假引述：判例法|达人引用了相关意见中不存在的据称引文；法院注意到错误引用或虚假引用。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Yue v. Reaction Labs, LLC", "url": "/documents/1370/Yue_v._Reaction_Labs_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified Lup's citation to Cummins-Allison Corp. v. SBM Co., No. 9:07-cv-196, 2009 WL 763926, at *10 as impossible because the cited order exists but is only eight pages long, making a page *10 citation incorrect. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted Lup's citation to Fiber Sys. Int'l v. Applied Optical Sys., 2009 WL 8590962, at *8-9 is incorrect because the order is only six pages and was published on June 24, 2009 (not March 2009) — indicating misdated/mispaginated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Editor’s note and court flagged that the opinion contains citation references that are incorrect or do not actually exist, preserving invalid citations as part of the record.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Yue 诉 Reaction Labs, LLC", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|法院认为 Lup 对 Cummins-Allison Corp. v. SBM Co., No. 9:07-cv-196, 2009 WL 763926，*10 的引用是不可能的，因为引用的命令存在，但只有八页长，使得页 *10 引用不正确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院注意到 Lup 对 Fiber Sys 的引用。 Int'l v. Applied Optical Sys., 2009 WL 8590962，第 *8-9 处不正确，因为该顺序只有六页且发布于 2009 年 6 月 24 日（不是 2009 年 3 月）——表明引用日期/页码错误。 ||捏造：判例法|编者按和法院指出，该意见包含不正确或实际上不存在的引用，将无效引用保留为记录的一部分。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "Kisha Peters v. Banner Health", "url": "/documents/1382/Peter_v._Banner_Health_USA_15_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff filed documents containing fabricated case citations and quotations that the Defendant and Court flagged as fake; Court ordered verification of AI-generated citations and warned against filing unverified AI content. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff included false quotations attributed to cases in filings (appearing AI-generated); Court found quotations inaccurate or fake and again required certification that citations were checked in the courthouse law library.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "基沙·彼得斯诉班纳健康公司案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告提交的文件包含伪造的案件引文和引文，被告和法院将其标记为伪造；法院下令对人工智能生成的引文进行验证，并警告不要提交未经验证的人工智能内容。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告在文件中包含了归因于案件的虚假引文（似乎是人工智能生成的）；法院发现引文不准确或虚假，并再次要求证明引文已在法院法律图书馆进行过检查。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Recommended Dismissal with Prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Suday v. Suday", "url": "/documents/1310/Suday_v._Suday_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Varela v. Varela, 464 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2015, no pet.)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Garrison v. Garrison, 966 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Ex parte Hudson, 11 U.S. 225, 234 (1812)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Sabir v. Daud, No. 01-22-00956-CV, 2024 WL 3478110, at 5 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 18, 2024, no pet.)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Douglas v. Douglas, 454 S.W.2d 225, 227 (Tex. Civ. App.—Galveston 1970, no writ)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental brief cited 'Woodard v. Andrus, 419 S.W.3d 226, 234 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2013, pet. denied)', which court could not locate and deemed likely fictitious.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "苏迪诉苏迪", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|补充简报引用了“Varela v. Varela, 464 S.W.3d 407 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 2015, no pet.)”，法院无法找到该案子，并认为该案子可能是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|补充简报引用了“Garrison v. Garrison, 966 S.W.2d 493, 495 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, no pet.)”，法院无法找到该文件并认为该文件可能是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|补充摘要引用了“Exparte Hudson, 11 U.S. 225, 234 (1812)”，但法院无法找到该内容并认为该内容可能是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|补充摘要引用了“Sabir v. Daud，No. 01-22-00956-CV，2024 WL 3478110，at 5（Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2024 年 7 月 18 日，无宠物。）”，法院无法找到该内容并认为该内容可能是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|补充简报引用了“Douglas v. Douglas, 454 S.W.2d 225, 227 (Tex. Civ. App.-Galveston 1970, no vrit)”，法院无法找到该文件并认为该文件可能是虚构的。 ||捏造：判例法|补充摘要引用了“Woodard v. Andrus, 419 S.W.3d 226, 234 (Tex. App.-Beaumont 2013, pet. returned)”，法院无法找到该案子，并认为该案子可能是虚构的。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Garibay-Robledo v. Noem", "url": "/documents/1306/Garibay-Robledo_v_Noem_USA_9_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The petition relied on a non-existent Fifth Circuit case; counsel later admitted the citation came from a Facebook comment and the Court flagged the error. || False Quotes: Case Law | The reply brief contained a fabricated quotation that the Court identified and referenced when granting leave to file a corrected petition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加里贝·罗夫莱多诉诺姆案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿书依赖于一个不存在的第五巡回法院案件；律师后来承认该引文来自 Facebook 的一条评论，法院指出了这一错误。 ||虚假引述：判例法|答复摘要包含法院在批准提交更正请愿书时识别并引用的捏造引文。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Johnson v. Digital Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/1233/Johson_v._Digital_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case for the proposition that an \"Overdraft Protection Plan constitutes 'credit'\"; the court noted the case does not exist and declined to rely on it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰逊诉数字联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引不存在的案例主张“透支保障计划构成‘信用’”；法院指出该案并不存在，因此拒绝信赖该案。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Allen v. Amazon", "url": "/documents/1229/Allen_v._Amazon_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Amazon contended Allen cited non-existent cases and procedures generated by AI; the court noted the allegation but the opinion does not list specific fabricated case citations. || False Quotes: Case Law | Amazon alleged Allen provided hallucinated quotations (false quotes) from cases produced by AI; court referenced the allegation but did not reproduce the quoted text or identify the real source.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "艾伦诉亚马逊", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|亚马逊声称艾伦引用了人工智能生成的不存在的案例和程序；法院注意到了这一指控，但意见中没有列出具体的捏造案件引文。 ||虚假引述：判例法|亚马逊指控艾伦从人工智能生成的案例中提供了幻觉引述（虚假引述）；法院引用了该指控，但没有转载引用的文字或指出真正的来源。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "In re Ricardo Andres Romeu", "url": "/documents/1192/In_re_Romeu_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Relator's brief included a citation to a non-existent case; the court identified it as false and warned of possible future sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于里卡多·安德烈斯·罗梅乌", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Relator 的简报中引用了一个不存在的案例；法院认定其为虚假信息，并警告未来可能实施制裁。", "court": "CA Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-06", "title": "Thomas Duncan v. Gridhawk et al.", "url": "/documents/1177/Duncan_v_GridHawk_USA_6_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Valdez v. Joy Techs., 201 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2000)'; the court determined this case does not exist and the citation was fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Cunningham v. Kansas City S. Ry. Co., 2005 WL 2033364, at 3 (S.D. Tex. 2005)'; the court determined this citation does not exist and was fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Taylor v. Brighton Corp., 616 F.2d 256, 258 (5th Cir. 1980) and attributed the quotation 'OSHA does not create a private cause of action' to it; the court found the case exists but does not contain that quoted language (false quote).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "托马斯·邓肯诉 Gridhawk 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“Valdez v. Joy Techs., 201 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2000)”；法院认定此案不存在，并且传票是捏造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Cunningham v. Kansas City S. Ry”。 Co.，2005 WL 2033364，第 3 页（S.D. Tex. 2005）'；法院认定该传票不存在并且是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Taylor v. Brighton Corp., 616 F.2d 256, 258 (5th Cir. 1980)，并将“OSHA 不会提出私人诉讼理由”的引文归因于此；法院认定该案件存在，但不包含所引用的语言（虚假引用）。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's objections struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "Moorehead v. Goodwill Industries of Northeast Texas", "url": "/documents/1054/Moorehead_v._Goodwill_Industry_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no record of Turner v. Palo Alto Networks, Inc., 2023 WL 4567762 (E.D. Tex. 2023); the citation appears nonexistent and was identified as an AI-generated hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no In re Caterpillar Inc. decision that matches the cited authority or supports the plaintiff's proposition; the particular citation (67 F.3d 815 (5th Cir. 1995)) does not correspond to a controlling or supportive Fifth Circuit decision as used by plaintiff. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Waguespack v. Medtronic, Inc., 2020 WL 8673953, but the court located Waguespack at 185 F. Supp. 3d 916 (M.D. La. 2016) and the Westlaw link provided actually pointed to Renner v. Morris, 2020 WL 8673953; the authority and quoted language were misattributed and do not support the claimed proposition in the Fifth Circuit.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "摩尔黑德诉德克萨斯州东北部 Goodwill Industries 案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院未发现 Turner 诉 Palo Alto Networks, Inc., 2023 WL 4567762（德克萨斯州东部地区法院，2023 年）的记录；该引用似乎不存在，并被确定为人工智能生成的幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|法院没有发现卡特彼勒公司的裁决与引用的权威相符或支持原告的主张；该特定引文（67 F.3d 815（第五巡回法院，1995 年））与原告使用的控制性或支持性第五巡回法院判决不符。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引了 Waguespack v. Medtronic, Inc., 2020 WL 8673953，但法院将 Waguespack 定位为 185 F. Supp.。 3d 916 (M.D. La. 2016) 和 Westlaw 提供的链接实际上指向 Renner v. Morris, 2020 WL 8673953；权威和引用的语言被错误地认定，并且不支持第五巡回法院所主张的主张。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "Virginia Montoya Cabanas v. Pamela Bondi, et al.", "url": "/documents/1034/Cabanas_v._Bondi_USA_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Brief contained inaccurate quotations of cited conference report || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's brief claimed the Government cited three cases that were not actually cited in the Government's filings. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief contained mischaracterizations of cited precedent (substantive inaccuracies in characterizations).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚蒙托亚卡巴纳斯诉帕梅拉邦迪等人。", "description_zh": "错误引述：教义工作|简介中引用的会议报告不准确 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人的简报声称政府引用了三个案例，但政府的文件中并未实际引用这些案例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|简报包含对引用先例的错误描述（描述中的实质性错误）。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "title": "Shelton v. Parkland Health", "url": "/documents/1007/Shelton_v._Parkland_Health_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained multiple nonexistent legal citations generated by GAI; Court found the filings included 'nonexistent legal citations' and relied on opposing counsel's objections and investigation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "谢尔顿诉帕克兰健康中心", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|简报包含 GAI 生成的多个不存在的法律引文；法院认为这些文件包括“不存在的法律引用”，并依赖于对方律师的反对和调查。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Joy Wilson v. KIPP Texas, Inc.", "url": "/documents/958/Wilson_v._Kipp_Texas_USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | AI-generated non-existent quoted statement #1 in the Declaration purported to be verbatim from Plaintiff's job description; court found no such language in the job description.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Joy Wilson 诉 KIPP Texas, Inc.", "description_zh": "虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |人工智能生成的声明中不存在的引用声明 #1 据称是原告职位描述中的逐字记录；法院发现职位描述中没有此类语言。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Costs Order; 2h of CLE", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "title": "Jayroe v. Progressive Casualty Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1027/Jayroe_v._Progressive_Casualty_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Villatoro v. GWL Cmt. Mgmt., LLC, 2013 WL 12101130 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 22, 2013)', which the court found does not exist; Westlaw link led to an unrelated Hopwood opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ortiz v. General Motors Corp., 2008 WL 2620736 (N.D. Tex. June 30, 2008)', which the court identified as a problematic, non-existent authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Cowart v. AVIK Services, No. 3:19-CV-00101, 2019 WL 1745988 (S.D. Tex. 2019)', another citation the court deemed non-existent or AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jayroe 诉 Progressive Casualty Insurance Company", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Villatoro 诉 GWL Cmt”。 Mgmt., LLC, 2013 WL 12101130 (S.D. Tex. Jan. 22, 2013)'，法院认为该文件不存在；韦斯特洛的联系导致了不相关的霍普伍德意见。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Ortiz v. General Motors Corp., 2008 WL 2620736 (N.D. Tex. June 30, 2008)”，法院认为该案是有问题的、不存在的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Cowart v. AVIK Services，No. 3:19-CV-00101, 2019 WL 1745988 (S.D. Tex. 2019)”，这是法院认为不存在或人工智能生成的另一引文。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Pete v. Facebook Meta Platforms", "url": "/documents/915/Pete_v._Facebook_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase \"may not consider extraneous factors such as the plaintiff's poverty\" to Franco v. Mabe Trucking Co.; the court found that quoted language is not in Franco and could not identify its source. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff misquoted Atlantic Marine; the court noted the misquote but found Atlantic Marine nonetheless supports giving forum-selection clauses controlling weight.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Pete 诉 Facebook 元平台案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告将“可能不考虑原告贫困等无关因素”一词归因于 Franco v. Mabe Trucking Co.；法院认为所引用的语言并非佛朗哥语，因此无法确定其来源。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告错误引用了大西洋海事；法院注意到了错误引用，但发现大西洋海事公司仍然支持给予论坛选择条款来控制权重。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "David R. Pete v. United States Department of Justice, et al.", "url": "/documents/873/Pete_v._DOJ_USA_10_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case in his objections that the court could not locate; plaintiff later claimed he had submitted authentic copies but attached none; the court concluded the citation was AI-generated and fake. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second case citation in the plaintiff's objections likewise could not be verified; the court found it to be an AI-hallucinated fake opinion and declined to rely on objections based on it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "David R. Pete 诉美国司法部等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在其异议中引用了法院无法找到的案例；原告后来声称他提交了真实副本，但没有附上；法院得出结论，该传票是人工智能生成的且是伪造的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告异议中引用的第二个案例同样无法得到证实；法院认为这是人工智能幻觉的虚假意见，并拒绝依赖基于此的异议。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge's recommendation adopted; in forma pauperis denied; plaintiff ordered to pay $405 filing fee within 10 days or the case will be dismissed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "Gavin B. Davis v. Chief Officer Gina Faubion, et al.", "url": "/documents/857/Davis_v._Pretrial_Services_USA_1_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | AI research suggested 42 U.S.C. § 1983 could be used against federal pretrial officers; the court noted § 1983 does not apply to federal actors and the suggestion was inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | AI suggested a viable Bivens claim for alleged unlawful conditions of release; the court found plaintiff made no showing that Bivens applies to these alleged violations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | AI relied on dissenting opinions as support (citing a dissent that itself cites another dissent); the court noted dissents are non-binding and insufficient to justify amendment.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gavin B. Davis 诉首席官员 Gina Faubion 等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：法律规范| AI 研究建议 42 U.S.C. § 1983 可用于对付联邦预审官员；法院指出，第 1983 条不适用于联邦行为者，并且该建议不准确。 ||歪曲：教义工作|大赦国际建议比文斯就所谓的非法释放条件提出可行的索赔；法院认为，原告没有表明比文斯适用于这些所谓的违法行为。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| AI依赖不同意见作为支持（引用一个不同意见本身又引用另一个不同意见）；法院指出，异议不具有约束力，也不足以成为修改的理由。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court accepted the R&R, dismissed the action with prejudice under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e), and denied leave to amend.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "Ezenwa Ebem v. Bondi et al.", "url": "/documents/799/EUGENE_EZENWA_EBEM_Plaintiff_v_PAMELA_BONDI_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff repeatedly asserted a 'Clerk's Entry of Default' though the Clerk never entered default; the filings were refiling/relabeling of a motion (Dkt. Nos. 28-4; 29-1). Court treated this as a fabricated filing claim in the submissions. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff claimed an Immigration Judge made a 'final and binding' ruling that USCIS violated the APA; court found transcript only contained the IJ saying he 'can't do much other than wait' and noting lack of review authority, not a binding APA finding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ezenwa Ebem 诉 Bondi 等人。", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|原告多次声称“书记员默认了”，尽管书记员从未输入过默认值；该文件是一项动议的重新归档/重新标记（文​​档编号 28-4；29-1）。法院将此视为提交材料中捏造的申请索赔。 ||失实陈述：展品和提交材料 |原告声称移民法官做出了“最终且具有约束力”的裁决，裁定美国公民及移民服务局违反了 APA；法院认定的笔录仅包含 IJ 表示他“除了等待之外无能为力”，并指出缺乏审查权限，而不是具有约束力的 APA 调查结果。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Jason Stanford v. Behrooz P. Vida, et al.", "url": "/documents/896/Stanford_v._Vida_USA_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quotation to Villegas v. Schmidt that the magistrate found does not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quotation to Leonard v. Vrooman that the magistrate found does not appear in that opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint cited a case the undersigned could not verify; court found no proof the decision exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint cited a case the undersigned could not verify; court found no proof the decision exists.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "杰森·斯坦福诉贝鲁兹·P·维达等人。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了维勒加斯诉施密特案的具体引文，但地方法官发现该引文并未出现在该意见中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了伦纳德诉弗鲁曼案中的一段具体引文，但地方法官发现该引文并未出现在该意见中。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉引用了下列签名者无法核实的案例；法院认为没有证据证明该决定存在。 ||捏造：判例法|投诉引用了下列签名者无法核实的案例；法院认为没有证据证明该决定存在。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Pete v. Houston Methodist Hospital", "url": "/documents/750/Pete_v._Houston_Methodist_Hospital_USA_3_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Other | Plaintiff submitted an unsigned affidavit attributed to 'Alexandra J. Smith' (with a Texas bar number) but admitted she never met the person and the State Bar had no record. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Taylor v. United States, No. 6:21-cv-448, 2022 WL 257007' which the court could not locate and deemed possibly fake. || Misrepresented: Other | Plaintiff asserted service was effected June 10, 2025 and that the clerk entered default June 21, 2025, though the court docket showed no summons or clerk's entry of default. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Lee v. United States, No. 1:23-cv-84, 2023 WL 2505510' which the court could not locate and deemed possibly fake.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "皮特诉休斯顿卫理公会医院", "description_zh": "制作：其他|原告提交了一份未签名的宣誓书，作者为“亚历山德拉·J·史密斯”（带有德克萨斯州律师号码），但承认她从未见过此人，州律师协会也没有记录。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Taylor v. United States, No. 6:21-cv-448, 2022 WL 257007”，法院无法找到该文件，并认为该文件可能是假的。 ||误传：其他|原告声称送达已于 2025 年 6 月 10 日生效，书记员于 2025 年 6 月 21 日进入缺席状态，尽管法院备审记录没有显示任何传票或书记员的缺席记录。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Lee v. United States, No. 1:23-cv-84, 2023 WL 2505510”，法院无法找到该文件，并认为该文件可能是假的。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "USA v. Sethi", "url": "/documents/752/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_SAMEER_PRAVEEN_SETHI_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Defendant attributed to Faretta a quotation that does not appear in the opinion; court found the quoted language was fabricated/misquoted and corrected the record. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendant purported a quotation from Chambers that the court says does not exist and is inapposite to the record; court rejected the misquote. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found that 18 of the defendant's purported quotations from various cases were complete fabrications and that some cited cases do not exist; none supported his claims. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Defendant asserted the investigator's report contained a \"verification from the Senior General Counsel of Hess Corporation,\" but the court found no such verification among the report's exhibits.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉塞蒂", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|被告引用了法雷塔的话，但并未出现在意见中；法院认定所引用的语言是捏造/错误引用的，并更正了记录。 ||虚假引述：判例法|被告声称引述了钱伯斯的一段话，法院称该引文不存在且与记录不符；法院驳回了错误引用。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认为，被告所声称的各案例引述中有18条完全是捏造的，而且有些引述的案例并不存在；没有人支持他的主张。 ||制作：展览和提交|被告声称调查员的报告包含“赫斯公司高级总法律顾问的验证”，但法院在报告的证据中没有发现此类验证。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court denied defendant's motions; sentencing ordered to proceed as scheduled; no professional sanctions imposed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Thackston v. Driscoll", "url": "/documents/730/Thackston_v._Secretary_of_the_Army_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Fabela v. Socorro ISD for anti-retaliation/hostile-work-environment propositions the case does not discuss, per the court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Asserted a Ninth Circuit opinion and quotation (United States v. City of Los Angeles, 595 F.3d 1006 (9th Cir. 2010)) that the court found does not exist in that reporter citation or elsewhere. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Attributed a remedial-quotation to the EEOC Compliance Manual (Section 3) that the court could not locate; court noted Section 3 concerns employee benefits, not 'remedies' as represented. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cited Armstrong v. Turner Industries and supplied a restorative-remedy quotation and Rehabilitation Act context that the court found absent from the cited opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Represented a Seventh Circuit AutoZone case as approving a consent decree with a third‑party monitor; court found the cited case number refers to an unrelated opinion and existing AutoZone decisions do not discuss appointment of such a monitor as claimed. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Relied on Chevron as controlling deference doctrine despite Chevron having been overruled by the Supreme Court in Loper Bright; court noted Chevron is overruled. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a quotation about the Rehabilitation Act and restorative assignments to Palmer v. Shultz; court found Palmer is a Title VII D.C. Cir. case and the quoted language does not appear in Palmer or any case the court could locate. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cited an opinion and quotation attributed to EEOC v. WC&M Enterprises, Inc.; court found the quoted language does not exist in that case or any federal case searched. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a specific quote to Delaval v. PTech Drilling Tubulars though the quotation does not appear in that decision, per the court's review. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited LHC Group for a retaliation-holding the court concluded", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "萨克斯顿诉德里斯科尔", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|根据法院的说法，援引 Fabela 诉 Socorro ISD 的反报复/敌对工作环境主张，该案并未讨论。 ||捏造：判例法|主张法院认为该记者引文或其他地方不存在的第九巡回法院意见和引文（美国诉洛杉矶市，595 F.3d 1006（第 9 巡回法院，2010 年））。 ||捏造：教义工作|将法院无法找到的《平等就业机会委员会合规手册》（第 3 节）的补救引用归咎于该手册；法院指出，第 3 条涉及员工福利，而不是所描述的“补救措施”。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用了阿姆斯特朗诉特纳工业公司案，并提供了法院认为所引用意见中不存在的恢复性补救措施引文和《康复法》背景。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|代表第七巡回法院 AutoZone 案件批准第三方监督员的同意令；法院认为，所引用的案件编号指的是不相关的意见，并且现有的 AutoZone 判决并未讨论所声称的此类监察员的任命。 ||过时的建议：推翻判例法|尽管雪佛龙在 Loper Bright 案中被最高法院驳回，但仍依赖雪佛龙作为控制服从原则；法院指出雪佛龙被否决。 ||虚假引述：判例法|将有关《康复法案》和恢复性任务的引述归因于帕尔默诉舒尔茨案；法院认定帕尔​​默是华盛顿特区第七条巡回法院的公民。案件和引用的语言没有出现在帕尔默或法院可以找到的任何案件中。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用了 EEOC 诉 WC&M Enterprises, Inc. 的意见和引文；法院发现该案件或所检索的任何联邦案件中不存在所引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|根据法院的审查，将特定引述归因于 Delaval v. PTech Drilling Tubulars 案，但该引述并未出现在该判决中。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|指控LHC集团进行报复——法院判决", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge recommended Rule 11 sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Karina Elizondo vs. City of Laredo", "url": "/documents/641/Elizondo_v._City_of_Laredo_USA_23_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s response included fictitious case citations; the Court found some citations were fabricated rather than real cases. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Four cited cases had wildly inaccurate citation details (case numbers, dates, reporters, Westlaw cites, page numbers, and federal vs. state courts). || Misrepresented: Case Law | The response misrepresented the legal holdings of the cases it cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "卡琳娜·埃利松多 vs. 拉雷多市", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的回应包括虚构的案例引用；法院发现一些传票是捏造的，而不是真实的案件。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|四个被引用的案例的引文详细信息（案例编号、日期、报告者、Westlaw 引用、页码以及联邦法院与州法院）非常不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|该回应歪曲了其所引用案例的合法性。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; mandatory CLE in ethics/legal technology", "monetary_penalty": "2500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-05-02", "title": "Wilt v. Department of the Navy", "url": "/documents/704/Wilt_v_Department_of_the_Navy.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Sanchez v. United States to claim FTCA permits redress for systemic negligence; the court found no such N.D. Tex. 1992 case at 803 F. Supp. 1066 and said it appears AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Wilkerson v. University of N. Tex. to allow substitution of the proper Title VII defendant; the court found no such 1989 Fifth Circuit case at 878 F.2d 276 and said it appears AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "威尔特诉海军部", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用 Sanchez 诉美国案，声称 FTCA 允许对系统性过失进行补救；法院在 803 F. Supp. 中没有发现此类 N.D. Tex. 1992 案件。 1066 并表示这似乎是人工智能生成的。 ||捏造：判例法|原告援引威尔克森诉北德克萨斯大学一案，允许替换适当的第七章被告；法院在 878 F.2d 276 中没有发现 1989 年第五巡回法院的此类案件，并表示这似乎是人工智能生成的。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-22", "title": "Brown v. Patel et al.", "url": "/documents/348/Brown_v._Patel_S.D._Texas_USA_April_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants reported Brown’s brief cited five nonexistent cases; the Court cautioned him about Rule 11. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brown claimed Hadnot v. Bay 'cited approvingly' Shankle and recognized cost-splitting/confidentiality/discovery limits as unconscionable; the Court noted Hadnot neither references Shankle nor addresses unconscionability. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brown asserted Circuit City acknowledged that 'inequality of bargaining power' is a significant enforcement consideration; the Court explained the cited passage instead discussed the benefits of enforcing employment arbitration agreements.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布朗诉帕特尔等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告称布朗的案情摘要引用了五个不存在的案件；法院警告他注意规则 11。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|布朗声称哈德诺诉贝案“赞同地引用”尚克尔，并承认成本分摊/保密/发现限制是不合理的；法院指出，既没有提及 Shankle，也没有提及不合理性。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|布朗声称，电路城承认“议价能力的不平等”是一个重要的执法考虑因素；法院解释了所引用的段落，而是讨论了执行就业仲裁协议的好处。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "title": "Crystal Truong, et al. v. Flint Hills Resources, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/631/Truong_v._Flint_Hills_Resources_USA_14_April_2025.Pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "克里斯特尔·特鲁恩 (Crystal Truong) 等人。诉 Flint Hills Resources, LLC 等人。", "court": "S.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Show cause order; CLE commitment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-01", "title": "Boggess v. Chamness", "url": "/documents/695/Boggess_v_Chamness.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Second Circuit case to overcome prosecutorial immunity; the court verified the reporter cite matches Retrofit Partners I, L.P. v. Lucas Indus., Inc., unrelated to immunity, and deemed the citation hallucinatory and sanctionable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "博格斯诉查姆内斯案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了一个不存在的第二巡回法院案件来克服起诉豁免权；法院证实，记者引用了 Retrofit Partners I, L.P. 诉 Lucas Indus., Inc. 与豁免权无关的匹配项，并认为该引文具有幻觉，应予制裁。", "court": "E.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-01-29", "title": "Gonzalez v. Texas Taxpayers and Research Association", "url": "/documents/576/Gonzalez_v._Texas_Taxpayers_and_Research_Association_USA_29_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent D.C. Circuit decision; court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent S.D. Tex. case; court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent S.D. Tex. case; court found it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Miscited and misrepresented holding; claimed denial of MTD based on numerosity, but the located Cruz v. Aramark case is in a different reporter/court/year and does not address numerosity. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent case title; the volume/page cited correspond to Ogden v. Gibraltar Savings Association (wrongful foreclosure), not the defamation proposition stated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "冈萨雷斯诉德克萨斯州纳税人和研究协会", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用了一项不存在的华盛顿特区巡回法院判决；法院发现它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了一个不存在的 S.D.德克萨斯州案例；法院发现它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了一个不存在的 S.D.德克萨斯州案例；法院发现它不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|错误和歪曲持有；声称基于数字否认 MTD，但所找到的 Cruz 诉 Aramark 案件是在不同的报告者/法院/年份中，并且没有涉及数字。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了不存在的案例标题；引用的卷/页对应于奥格登诉直布罗陀储蓄协会（错误止赎），而不是所述的诽谤主张。", "court": "W.D. Texas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis Nexis's AI", "outcome": "Plaintiff's response was stricken and monetary sanctions were imposed.", "monetary_penalty": "3961 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-03-06", "title": "Martin v. Taylor County", "url": "/documents/372/Martin_v._Taylor_County_N.D._Texas_USA_March_6_2024.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent passage from a Supreme Court case asserting 'Governments descend to the level of a mere private corporation'; the Court noted the passage does not exist and warned such citations may warrant Rule 11 sanctions. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff claimed the OAG Child Support Division is a private business separate from the government; the Court held it is a state entity entitled to sovereign immunity. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff alleged the state court lacked lawful judicial authority and acted as clerks for an executive agency; the Court rejected this and affirmed the court’s authority and immunity. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff argued 28 U.S.C. § 1691 applies to state courts; the Court held the statute applies only to courts of the United States. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff characterized wage garnishment for child support as 'executive imprisonment'; the Court held Texas law authorizes garnishment for child support. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff claimed paying child support is slavery or involuntary servitude; the Court cited authority rejecting this contention. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff asserted a Seventh Amendment jury-trial right in state child support proceedings; the Court held the Seventh Amendment does not govern state courts. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff claimed standing to sue under 18 U.S.C. § 241; the Court held the criminal statute provides no private right of action. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff argued Rooker-Feldman did not apply because the child support hearing was not run by a 'real judge'; the Court held Rooker-Feldman applies and is regularly used in child-support contexts. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff contended the 326th District Court is contractually bound and subject to suit by citizens; the Court held the court is entitled to sovereign immunity.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马丁诉泰勒县案", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了最高法院案件中不存在的段落，声称“政府下降到纯粹的私人公司的水平”；法院指出该段落并不存在，并警告称此类引用可能会导致规则 11 的制裁。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称 OAG 儿童抚养部门是独立于政府的私营企业；法院认为它是一个享有主权豁免的国家实体。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称州法院缺乏合法的司法权力，充当执行机构的办事员；法院驳回了这一点，并确认了法院的权威和豁免权。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告辩称 28 U.S.C. § 1691 适用于州法院；法院认为该法规仅适用于美国法院。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告将因子女抚养费而扣押工资称为“行政监禁”；法院认为德克萨斯州法律授权扣押儿童抚养费。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称支付子女抚养费是奴役或非自愿奴役；法院引用权威驳回这一论点。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告在州儿童抚养诉讼中主张第七修正案陪审团审判权；法院认为第七修正案不适用于州法院。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告声称有权根据《美国法典》第 18 条提起诉讼。第241章法院认为刑事法规没有规定私人诉讼权。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告辩称，鲁克-费尔德曼没有提出申请，因为子女抚养费听证会不是由“真正的法官”主持的；法院认为鲁克-费尔德曼适用并经常用于儿童抚养方面。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告辩称，第 326 区法院受合同约束，并且可以接受公民提起的诉讼；法院认为法院享有主权豁免。", "court": "N.D. Texas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 46, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-UT", "title": "Utah", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Utah HB 168 (Artificial Intelligence in Education 2025)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/introduced/HB0168.pdf", "description": "Establishes the Artificial Intelligence in Education Task Force in Utah to study and make recommendations on AI policies, implementations, data security, and beneficial uses in education.\n\nRequires the task force to consist of appointed members, including legislators, education officials, a privacy officer, and an AI industry expert.\n\nCharges the task force with tasks such as monitoring AI trends, identifying best practices, and exploring collaborations between education and the AI industry.\n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Utah S.B. 332 (Artificial Intelligence Revisions)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/enrolled/SB0332.pdf", "description": "Repeals Title 13, Chapter 72, Artificial Intelligence Policy Act, on July 1, 2027.\n\nSets the bill to take effect on May 7, 2025, unless approved by two-thirds of all members elected to each house, in which case it takes effect upon the governor's approval, without the governor's signature after the constitutional time limit, or upon a veto override.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-14", "title": "Utah S.B. 271 (Unauthorized Artificial Intelligence Impersonation Amendments)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/static/SB0271.html", "description": "Defines \"generative artificial intelligence\" as AI systems trained on data to simulate human conversation through text, audio, or visual communication without significant human oversight.\n\nProhibits the unauthorized use or modification of an individual’s \"personal identity\" through generative AI or other means for commercial purposes without consent.\n\nPermits an individual to bring legal action if their personal identity is abused in advertisements, with entitlements to injunctive relief, dam...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "Utah H.B. 366 (Criminal Justice Amendments 2024, Section 9–15)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/hbillenr/HB0366.pdf", "description": "Prohibits reliance solely on algorithms or risk assessment tool scores in determining pretrial release, sentencing, probation conditions, probation termination, and granting or terminating parole (Sections 77-2-5, 77-18-103, 77-18-105, 77-27-5, 77-20-205).\n\nRequires magistrates and judges to rely on other forms of evidence and consider various factors beyond algorithmic scores when making pretrial release decisions (Sections 77-20-205).\n\nInstructs the Administrative Office of the Courts to su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-16", "title": "Utah SB 34 (Governmental Use of Facial Recognition Technology)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2021/bills/static/SB0034.html", "description": "Regulates government use of facial recognition technology by prohibiting its use on image databases, except under specific circumstances.\n\nPermits only law enforcement agencies to request facial recognition comparisons for investigating felonies, violent crimes, or identifying incapacitated or at-risk individuals.\n\nProhibits the use of facial recognition systems for civil immigration violations.\n\nDesignates the Department of Public Safety as the only entity authorized to use or manage facial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Utah S.B. 180 (Law Enforcement Usage of Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/static/SB0180.html", "description": "Define \"artificial intelligence\" as a machine-based system that makes predictions, recommendations, or decisions based on human-defined objectives.\n\nDefine \"generative artificial intelligence\" as AI technology capable of creating content like text, audio, images, or video from data patterns.\n\nRequire law enforcement agencies to establish a policy for using generative AI by their employees.\n\nMandate that this policy includes the identification of permissible generative AI technologies and task...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-13", "title": "Utah HB 464 (Social Media Amendments)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2024/bills/static/HB0464.html", "description": "Enacts new provisions governing minors' use of algorithmically curated social media services.\n\nAllows Utah minors or their parents to sue social media companies if minors suffer adverse mental health outcomes from excessive use of such services.\n\nDefines \"adverse mental health outcome\" and \"excessive use,\" setting presumption rules that favor establishing causation by social media design elements unless companies prove compliance with specific usage restrictions.\n\nRequires social media compan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2022", "title": "Utah S.B. 166 (Aviation Amendments, Section 5–6, Advanced air mobility system and preemption of local ordinance)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2022/bills/sbillenr/SB0166.pdf", "description": "Define \"advanced air mobility system\" to include piloted and unpiloted aircraft with components such as communications, navigation equipment, controllers, and autonomous functions.\n\nSpecify that \"unmanned aircraft\" sustain flight without direct human intervention and \"unmanned aircraft system\" encompasses the entire operational system including autopilot functionality.\n\nProhibit political subdivisions from enacting laws governing private use of unmanned aircraft or advanced air mobility syste...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 S.B. 166（航空修正案，第 5-6 节，先进空中机动系统和当地法令的优先权）", "description_zh": "定义“先进空中机动系统”，包括具有通信、导航设备、控制器和自主功能等组件的有人驾驶和无人驾驶飞机。\n\n明确“无人驾驶飞机”无需直接人为干预即可维持飞行，“无人驾驶飞机系统”涵盖包括自动驾驶功能在内的整个操作系统。\n\n禁止政治部门制定管理私人使用无人驾驶飞机或先进空中机动系统的法律..." }, { "date": "30 March 2020", "title": "Utah SB 96 (Emerging Technology Talent Initiative 2020)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2020/bills/sbillenr/SB0096.pdf", "description": "Enacts a Deep Technology Initiative in Utah to promote education and workforce development in emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence.\n\nRequires the State Board of Regents to develop and oversee a deep technology talent initiative with funding to expand relevant educational programs.\n\nDirects institutions of higher education to submit proposals for deep technology programs in partnership with employers, detailing program structure, participation, and funding needs.\n\nTasks the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 SB 96（2020 年新兴技术人才计划）", "description_zh": "在犹他州制定一项深度技术计划，以促进包括人工智能在内的新兴技术的教育和劳动力发展。\n\n要求州董事会制定并监督一项深度技术人才计划，并提供资金扩大相关教育项目。\n\n指导高等教育机构与雇主合作提交深度技术项目提案，详细说明项目结构、参与和资金需求。\n\n任务..." }, { "date": "3 May 2021", "title": "Utah HB 31 (Unaccompanied Minors in Autonomous Vehicles)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2021/bills/static/HB0031.html", "description": "Establishes the Autonomous Vehicles and Unaccompanied Minors Workgroup in Utah.\n\nComprises various representatives, including government officials and industry members.\n\nChairs the workgroup by appointed members of the House of Representatives and the Senate.\n\nRequires the workgroup to review issues related to on-demand autonomous vehicle networks and unaccompanied minors.\n\nRequires a large public transit district to provide staff support.\n\nMandates that the workgroup present annual reports a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 HB 31（无人陪伴的未成年人乘坐自动驾驶汽车）", "description_zh": "在犹他州建立自动驾驶车辆和无人陪伴的未成年人工作组。\n\n由各种代表组成，包括政府官员和行业成员。\n\n主持由众议院和参议院任命的成员组成的工作组。\n\n要求工作组审查与按需自动驾驶汽车网络和无人陪伴的未成年人相关的问题。\n\n需要大型公共交通区提供人员支持。\n\n要求工作组提交年度报告..." }, { "date": "08 March 2026", "title": "Utah HB 414 (Autonomous Vehicle Amendments 2020)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2020/bills/hbillint/HB0414S02.pdf", "description": "Prohibits driverless vehicles in an on-demand autonomous network from transporting unaccompanied minors under eight or requiring child restraint. Requires parental waiver, emergency contacts, safety compliance, and video monitoring, retaining data for investigations and ensuring safe receipt by an adult.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 HB 414（2020 年自动驾驶汽车修正案）", "description_zh": "禁止按需自动驾驶网络中的无人驾驶车辆运送无人陪伴的 8 岁以下或需要儿童约束装置的未成年人。需要家长豁免、紧急联系人、安全合规性和视频监控、保留调查数据并确保成人安全接收。" }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Utah SB 226 (Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Amendments 2025)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/introduced/SB0226S02.pdf", "description": "Requires disclosures when generative AI is used in consumer transactions and regulated services. Establishes liability for AI-related consumer protection violations. Grants enforcement authority to the Division of Consumer Protection. Provides a safe harbor for certain AI disclosures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 SB 226（2025 年人工智能消费者保护修正案）", "description_zh": "当生成式人工智能用于消费者交易和受监管服务时，要求进行披露。确立与人工智能相关的消费者保护违法行为的责任。向消费者保护部门授予执法权。为某些人工智能披露提供安全港。" }, { "date": "25 March 2025", "title": "Utah HB 452 (Artificial Intelligence Amendments 2025)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/introduced/HB0452S02.pdf", "description": "Regulates mental health chatbots using AI by prohibiting unauthorized data sharing, restricting advertising, and mandating transparency about AI use. Empowers the Division of Consumer Protection for enforcement. Requires suppliers to adhere to privacy and safety regulations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 HB 452（人工智能修正案 2025）", "description_zh": "通过禁止未经授权的数据共享、限制广告和强制人工智能使用的透明度来监管使用人工智能的心理健康聊天机器人。授权消费者保护部门执行。要求供应商遵守隐私和安全法规。" }, { "date": "01 July 2024", "title": "Utah Senate Bill 131 Information Technology Act Amendments (2024)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0131.html", "description": "Requires disclosures for synthetic media in political communications, including AI-generated content labels and tamper-evident digital provenance. Imposes penalties for violations. Considers AI use in crimes as an aggravating sentencing factor. Effective May 1, 2024; sentencing provisions effective July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州参议院第 131 号法案信息技术法修正案 (2024)", "description_zh": "要求披露政治传播中的合成媒体，包括人工智能生成的内容标签和防篡改的数字来源。对违规行为实施处罚。认为人工智能在犯罪中的使用是加重量刑的因素。 2024 年 5 月 1 日生效；量刑规定于 2024 年 7 月 1 日生效。" }, { "date": "1 May 2024", "title": "Utah Artificial Intelligence Policy Act (HB 317)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0317.html", "description": "Utah enacted House Bill 317, becoming one of the first states to establish a comprehensive AI governance framework that requires companies using generative AI in consumer interactions to disclose that AI is being used. The law prohibits AI from impersonating a licensed professional without disclosure and creates liability for AI systems that deceive consumers. It also established the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy within the state's Department of Commerce to coordinate AI governance, provide regulatory sandboxes for AI innovation, and advise the legislature on AI policy.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州人工智能政策法案 (HB 317)", "description_zh": "犹他州颁布了众议院第 317 号法案，成为首批建立全面人工智能治理框架的州之一，该框架要求在消费者互动中使用生成式人工智能的公司披露人工智能的使用情况。该法律禁止人工智能在未披露的情况下冒充有执照的专业人士，并为欺骗消费者的人工智能系统规定了责任。它还在州商务部内设立了人工智能政策办公室，以协调人工智能治理，为人工智能创新提供监管沙箱，并就人工智能政策向立法机构提供建议。" }, { "date": "01 May 2024", "title": "Utah House Bill 249 (Utah Legal Personhood Amendments)", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0249.html", "description": "Prohibits governmental entities in Utah from granting or recognizing legal personhood for artificial intelligence and other non-human entities. Enacts restrictions effective May 1, 2024, reinforcing the exclusive legal personhood of human beings.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州众议院法案 249（犹他州法人修正案）", "description_zh": "禁止犹他州政府实体授予或承认人工智能和其他非人类实体的法人资格。颁布自 2024 年 5 月 1 日起生效的限制，加强人类的排他性法人地位。" }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "Utah House Bill 534", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0534.html", "description": "Amends the law to oversee a deep technology initiative, including funding expanded educational programs in areas like artificial intelligence. Requires collaboration with employers and evaluation by an advisory council. Mandates institutions report annually on program outcomes and funding effectiveness.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州众议院法案 534", "description_zh": "修改法律以监督深度技术计划，包括资助人工智能等领域的扩大教育项目。需要与雇主合作并由咨询委员会进行评估。授权机构每年报告计划成​​果和资金有效性。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Utah Senate Bill 149, Chapter 70", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html", "description": "Establishes the Office of Artificial Intelligence Policy to oversee AI development. Creates an AI Learning Laboratory for research and regulatory evaluation. Permits regulatory mitigation agreements for AI testing. Criminalizes offenses committed with AI aid. Repeals the Act on May 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州参议院法案 149，第 70 章", "description_zh": "设立人工智能政策办公室来监督人工智能的发展。创建一个用于研究和监管评估的人工智能学习实验室。允许人工智能测试的监管缓解协议。将利用人工智能援助实施的犯罪行为定为刑事犯罪。于 2025 年 5 月 1 日废除该法案。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Utah Senate Bill 149, Section 13-2-12", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html", "description": "Prohibits using generative AI as a defense for consumer protection violations. Requires disclosure of AI interactions in regulated occupations. Imposes fines up to $2,500 per violation. Authorizes courts to issue injunctions, order disgorgements, and impose additional penalties.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州参议院法案 149，第 13-2-12 条", "description_zh": "禁止使用生成式人工智能作为侵犯消费者保护行为的辩护理由。要求披露受监管职业中人工智能的相互作用。每次违规处以最高 2,500 美元的罚款。授权法院发布禁令、下令没收非法所得并施加额外处罚。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Utah Senate Bill 84, Part 13", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0084.html", "description": "Creates the Innovation in Artificial Intelligence Grant Pilot Program to fund business entities developing AI courses for K-12 students. Requires partnerships with schools, application evaluations, and written agreements. Permits rulemaking and mandates annual reporting on the program's progress.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州参议院法案 84，第 13 部分", "description_zh": "创建人工智能创新资助试点计划，资助商业实体为 K-12 学生开发人工智能课程。需要与学校合作、申请评估和书面协议。允许制定规则并要求每年报告该计划的进展情况。" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Utah House Bill 148", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/HB0148.html", "description": "Amends Utah law to define and penalize the distribution of intimate and counterfeit intimate images, including AI-generated content. Establishes offenses for sexual extortion and unlawful distribution of such images, with exemptions for certain service providers. Effective May 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州众议院法案 148", "description_zh": "修改犹他州法律，对亲密图像和伪造亲密图像（包括人工智能生成的内容）的传播进行定义和处罚。规定了性勒索和非法传播此类图像的犯罪行为，但某些服务提供商除外。 2024 年 5 月 1 日生效。" }, { "date": "30 March 2020", "title": "Utah SB 96", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2020/bills/static/SB0096.html", "description": "Establishes a Deep Technology Talent Initiative to fund programs incorporating AI, among other technologies, in education. Instructs the board to collaborate with institutions and employers, and the advisory council to recommend funding, focusing on meeting workforce needs and integrating disciplinary expertise.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "犹他州 SB 96", "description_zh": "建立深度技术人才计划，资助将人工智能等技术融入教育的项目。指示董事会与机构和雇主合作，并由咨询委员会建议资金，重点满足劳动力需求并整合学科专业知识。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Utah HB 452 [URL: https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0452.html]", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0452.html", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 犹他州 HB 452 [URL：https://le.utah.gov/~2025/bills/static/HB0452.html]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 由州长签署" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Utah HB 438 [URL: https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0438.html]", "url": "https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0438.html", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring restricts advertising in chatbot — Inactive", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 犹他州 HB 438 [URL：https://le.utah.gov/~2026/bills/static/HB0438.html]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法要求限制聊天机器人中的广告 — 无效" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Utah SB 149", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Utah+SB 149+AI+2026", "description": "Utah legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "犹他州 SB 149", "description_zh": "犹他州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Utah HB 286", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Utah+HB 286+AI+2026", "description": "Utah legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "犹他州 HB 286", "description_zh": "犹他州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Nicholas and Barbara Moulder v. Davis School District (on behalf of M.M.)", "url": "/documents/1836/Moulder_v._Davis_School_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing cited a non-existent case as legal authority; court found the case did not exist and counsel admitted failing to verify after using AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing cited a second non-existent case as legal authority; court determined it was fabricated and counsel accepted responsibility for not verifying. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs' briefing included a non-existent quotation attributed to authority; court determined the quote did not exist and was not verified by counsel after use of AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尼古拉斯和芭芭拉·莫尔德诉戴维斯学区（代表 M.M.）", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的简报引用了一个不存在的案件作为法律依据；法院认定案件不存在，律师承认使用人工智能后未能核实。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的简报引用了第二个不存在的案件作为法律依据；法院认定这是捏造的，律师承担了未核实的责任。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告的简报中包含了一段不存在的、来自权威的引述；法院认定该引述不存在，并且在使用人工智能后未经律师核实。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1525 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Prisbrey v. Prisbrey", "url": "/documents/1834/Prisbrey_v_Prisbrey_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellate brief included multiple incorrect or nonexistent Utah case citations; the court found four of six cited authorities incorrect and said some citations \"appear to be made out of whole cloth.\" || Misrepresented: Case Law | Argument section contained several incorrect citations (wrong case names, unrelated authority, incorrect paragraph cites); only one of seven citations in that section was correct according to the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "普里斯布雷诉普里斯布雷", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉简报包括多处不正确或不存在的犹他州案例引用；法院认为六份引用的权威机构中有四份不正确，并表示一些引用“似乎完全是捏造的”。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|论证部分包含多个错误引用（错误的案例名称、不相关的权威、错误的段落引用）；根据法院的说法，该部分的七个引文中只有一个是正确的。", "court": "CA Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Regan Wilkes, et al. v. Canyons School District, et al.", "url": "/documents/1760/Wilkes_v._Canyon_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'F.C. v. Capistrano Unified School District' (purported 9th Cir.) to support tolling of IDEA's two-year statute; court identified it as a fabricated, AI-generated citation that undermined the pleading. || Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'A.D. v. Puyallup School District No. 3, 2015' (purported 4th Cir.) to support statute-of-limitations arguments; court found it fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Complaint cited a non-existent 'A.S. v. Norwalk Public Schools (2017)' (purported 6th Cir.) in support of tolling/limitations arguments; court identified it as another fabricated citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Amended Complaint misstates the facts and holding of the real case J.M. v. Francis Howell School District; court found the asserted holding inaccurate and relied on this misrepresentation in support of the Sixth Cause.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "里根·威尔克斯等人。诉峡谷学区等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|修改后的起诉书引用了不存在的“F.C.” v. Capistrano 联合学区”（据称是第 9 区）支持 IDEA 两年期法规的收费；法院将其认定为人工智能生成的伪造传票，破坏了诉状。 ||捏造：判例法|修改后的起诉书引用了不存在的“公元”。 v. Puyallup School District No. 3, 2015'（据称是第四巡回法院）以支持诉讼时效论点；法院认定其捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|修改后的投诉引用了不存在的“A.S.” v. Norwalk 公立学校 (2017)”（据称是第六巡回法院），支持收费/限制论点；法院认定这是另一起捏造的传票。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|修订后的起诉书错误陈述了 J.M. 诉 Francis Howell 学区真实案件的事实和主张；法院认为所主张的观点不准确，并依靠这种失实陈述来支持第六条理由。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Ryan Lee v. Capital One Bank et al.", "url": "/documents/1656/Ryan_Lee_Plaintiff_v_Capital_One_Bank_USA_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ryan Lee 诉第一资本银行等人。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC v. Paul Evans, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1144/Black_Oak_Capital_v._Paul_Evans_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited Rawson v. Mathews, 212 P.3d 752, 756–57 (Utah 2009) to support equitable tolling; court determined the opinion does not exist and called it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited Equilon Enters. v. Ford Motor Co., 2010 UT 44, ¶ 37 for equitable tolling; court found the opinion does not exist and treated it as a fabricated citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Opposition attributed language to Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Assocs., 483 U.S. 143 (1987) that does not appear in the opinion; court treated this as a false quotation/misattribution.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Black Oak Capital BOCA, LLC 诉 Paul Evans, LLC 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|反对派援引 Rawson v. Mathews, 212 P.3d 752, 756–57 (Utah 2009) 来支持公平收费；法院认定该意见不存在，并称其为幻觉案件。 ||捏造：判例法|反对派引用了 Equilon Enters。 v. 福特汽车公司，2010 UT 44，¶ 37 关于公平收费；法院认为该意见不存在，并将其视为捏造的引文。 ||虚假引述：判例法|反对派认为 Agency Holding Corp. v. Malley-Duff & Assocs., 483 U.S. 143 (1987) 中的语言并未出现在意见中；法院将此视为虚假引用/错误归属。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order for counsel to read cited authorities and file a certification within 30 days", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "Ross Logan v. LVNV Funding et al.", "url": "/documents/988/Logan_v._LVNV_Funding_USA_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ross Logan 诉 LVNV Funding 等人。", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Khoury et al v. Intermountain Health Care Inc. et al", "url": "/documents/843/Khoury_et_al_v_Intermountain_Health_Care_Inc__utdce-20-00372__0307.0.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions || Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Khoury 等人诉 Intermountain Health Care Inc. 等人", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交||捏造：判例法", "court": "D. Utah", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Case dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 33, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-VA", "title": "Virginia", "entries": [ { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Virginia 2025-HB2094", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20251/HB2094/text/HB2094", "description": "Establishes operating standards for developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems, including mandatory risk management and impact assessments. Requires disclosures of potential algorithmic discrimination risks. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州 2025-HB2094", "description_zh": "为高风险人工智能系统的开发者和部署者建立操作标准，包括强制性风险管理和影响评估。要求披露潜在的算法歧视风险。" }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "Virginia HB 747: High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Developer and Deployer Act", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+HB747", "description": "The Virginia legislature passed House Bill 747, establishing obligations for developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems affecting Virginia residents, including requirements to conduct impact assessments, implement risk management policies, and provide consumers with notice and the right to appeal adverse AI decisions. The bill was passed by the General Assembly but vetoed by Governor Glenn Youngkin in March 2024, who cited concerns about regulatory burdens on businesses and the need for a more targeted approach. The veto drew significant attention to the challenge of balancing AI consumer protections with innovation-friendly business environments.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚 HB 747：高风险人工智能开发者和部署者法案", "description_zh": "弗吉尼亚州立法机构通过了众议院第 747 号法案，规定了影响弗吉尼亚州居民的高风险人工智能系统的开发者和部署者的义务，包括要求进行影响评估、实施风险管理政策、向消费者提供通知和对不利人工智能决策提出上诉的权利。该法案已获得大会通过，但于 2024 年 3 月被州长 Glenn Youngkin 否决，他表示担心企业的监管负担以及需要采取更有针对性的方法。这一否决引起了人们对平衡人工智能消费者保护与创新友好型商业环境的挑战的极大关注。" }, { "date": "08 April 2024", "title": "Virginia Senate Bill 487", "url": "https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB487", "description": "Requires JCOTS to analyze AI use by public bodies, focusing on procurement, implementation, and discrimination prevention. Instructs JCOTS to assess creating a Commission on AI to advise on related issues. Mandates JCOTS's report submission to legislative committees by December 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州参议院法案 487", "description_zh": "要求 JCOTS 分析公共机构对人工智能的使用，重点关注采购、实施和预防歧视。指示 JCOTS 评估设立人工智能委员会，就相关问题提供建议。要求 JCOTS 在 2024 年 12 月 1 日之前向立法委员会提交报告。" }, { "date": "28 March 2024", "title": "Virginia 2024 SB 731", "url": "https://legacylis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?241+sum+SB731", "description": "Amends the state's definition of child pornography to explicitly include visual material where \"the minor depicted does not have to actually exist\". Establishes mandatory prison sentences based on the age difference and repeat offenses, with substantial penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州 2024 SB 731", "description_zh": "修改国家对儿童色情制品的定义，明确包括“所描绘的未成年人不一定实际存在”的视觉材料。根据年龄差异和重复犯罪确定强制性监禁刑罚，并对违法行为处以重罚。" }, { "date": "20 September 2023", "title": "Virginia Executive Directive 5 (2023)", "url": "https://www.governor.virginia.gov/media/governorvirginiagov/governor-of-virginia/pdf/ed/Executive-Directive-No.-5---Recognizing-the-Risks-and-Seizing-the-Opportunities-of-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Directs the Office of Regulatory Management to establish AI standards, review laws, ensure transparency, and make recommendations for AI use. Tasks coordination with education and workforce institutions for AI guidelines. Requires completion of actions by December 15, 2023.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州第 5 号行政指令 (2023)", "description_zh": "指示监管管理办公室制定人工智能标准、审查法律、确保透明度并为人工智能的使用提出建议。与教育和劳动力机构协调任务以制定人工智能指南。要求在 2023 年 12 月 15 日之前完成行动。" }, { "date": "18 March 2021", "title": "Virginia HB 2154", "url": "https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?212+sum+HB2154", "description": "Requires hospitals and nursing facilities to establish policies for patient access to intelligent personal assistants. Ensures HIPAA compliance. Defines intelligent personal assistants as devices using AI and natural language processing. Mandates facility compliance with privacy and security standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州 HB 2154", "description_zh": "要求医院和护理机构制定患者使用智能个人助理的政策。确保 HIPAA 合规性。将智能个人助理定义为使用人工智能和自然语言处理的设备。要求设施遵守隐私和安全标准。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Virginia SB 245", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Virginia+SB 245+AI+2026", "description": "Virginia legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州 SB 245", "description_zh": "弗吉尼亚州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Virginia HB 713", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Virginia+HB 713+AI+2026", "description": "Virginia legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚 HB 713", "description_zh": "弗吉尼亚州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Virginia SB 365", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Virginia+SB 365+AI+2026", "description": "Virginia legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "弗吉尼亚州 SB 365", "description_zh": "弗吉尼亚州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "title": "Suiter v. GM - General Motors, LLC", "url": "/documents/1650/Suiter_v._General_Motors_March_12_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Suiter cited numerous case authorities that the court found to be fabricated or nonexistent; GM moved to strike the filings on that basis. || False Quotes: Case Law | Suiter included quotations attributed to cited cases that the court determined do not appear in those cases (nonexistent quotes). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court observed that several cited cases were mischaracterized or quoted inaccurately, reflecting characteristics of generative-AI outputs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Suiter 诉 GM - 通用汽车有限责任公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Suiter 引用了许多法庭认为捏造或不存在的案件权威；通用汽车据此提出撤销这些申请。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Suiter 包含了法院确定未出现在这些案件中的引述案例的引文（不存在的引文）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院观察到，几个引用的案例被错误描述或引用不准确，反映了生成人工智能输出的特征。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Gail Fung v. Liberty University", "url": "/documents/1595/Fung_v._Liberty_Univiersity_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Friedman v. Southern New Hampshire University, 104 A.D. 3d 617 (N.Y. App. Div. 2013)'; the Court found no such case exists and that it does not support the plaintiff's argument, warning of potential Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "冯盖尔诉自由大学", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“弗里德曼诉南新罕布什尔大学，104 A.D. 3d 617 (N.Y. App. Div. 2013)”；法院认为不存在此类案件，并且不支持原告的论点，并警告可能实施第 11 条规则的制裁。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Brian Bailey v. Hon. Clark A. Ritchie, et al.", "url": "/documents/1411/BRIAN_BAILEY_Plaintiff_v_HON_CLARK_A_RITCHIE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | State court observed plaintiff's filings contained citations to nonexistent authorities; federal court noted this suspicion of AI-generated, fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布莱恩·贝利 (Brian Bailey) 诉 Hon.克拉克·A·里奇等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|州法院发现原告的文件中引用了不存在的权威机构；联邦法院注意到了人工智能生成的伪造引文的嫌疑。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "United States v. Michael Shane DeBaere (2)", "url": "/documents/1417/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_MICHAEL_SHANE_DEBAERE_Fig3lCw.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Lengthy quotation attributed to United States v. Melvin (3d Cir.) that does not appear in that opinion; court found the quoted material absent from Melvin. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Mischaracterization of United States v. Emmett (9th Cir.), including attributing analysis and a quotation that the Emmett opinion does not contain. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple citations on memorandum page 11 to cases that are not found (citation strings do not match any real cases or the quoted language does not appear in the cited opinions). || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotation \"static rehashing of past severity\" attributed to a case where the phrase does not appear and no source could be located.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉迈克尔·谢恩·德贝尔 (2)", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|引用 United States v. Melvin (3d Cir.) 的冗长引文并未出现在该意见中；法院认定梅尔文不存在所引用的材料。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|对 United States v. Emmett（第九巡回法院）的错误描述，包括归因分析和 Emmett 意见中未包含的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|备忘录第11页多次引用未找到的案例（引文字符串与任何真实案例不匹配或引用的语言未出现在引用的意见中）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用“过去严重性的静态重新哈希”归因于该短语未出现且无法找到来源的情况。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Gavin Simpson v. Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC", "url": "/documents/1258/Simpson_v._Portfolio_Recovery_Associates_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff’s filings included fabricated quotes; court identified these as fabricated quotations and warned against such submissions. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited a non-existent statutory provision and misattributed statutory language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff submitted mischaracterized case citations (attributing holdings/quotes incorrectly).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Gavin Simpson 诉 Portfolio Recovery Associates, LLC", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告的文件包括捏造的报价；法院认定这些内容是捏造的引文，并对此类提交提出警告。 ||捏造：法律规范|原告引用了不存在的法定条款和错误的法定语言。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告提交了错误描述的案例引文（错误地归因持有/引用）。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Michael Redwine v. Unum Life Insurance Company of America", "url": "/documents/1250/Redwine_v._Unum_USA_16_DEcember_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited McBeth v. Metro Life Ins. Co., 2006 WL 2792439 (E.D. Va. Sept. 26, 2006); the Court could not locate the case and notes the plaintiff admitted it was generated by AI tools.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "迈克尔·雷德温 (Michael Redwine) 诉 Unum Life Insurance Company of America", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了 McBeth 诉 Metro Life Ins 案。 Co.，2006 WL 2792439（弗吉尼亚州东区法院，2006 年 9 月 26 日）；法院无法找到该案件，并指出原告承认该案件是由人工智能工具生成的。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "Scott M. Boger v. City of Harrisonburg, Virginia, et al.", "url": "/documents/1173/Boger_v._Harrisonburg_USA_9_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Snider Int’l Corp. v. City of Norfolk, 739 F.3d 140, 150 (4th Cir. 2014)'; the court could not identify a case by that name and noted the reporter corresponds to Snider Int’l Corp. v. Town of Forest Heights, Md., 739 F.3d 140, which does not support plaintiff's assertion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language he attributed to Connelly v. Steel Valley Sch. Dist., 706 F.3d 209, 216 (3d Cir. 2013); the court found the quoted language appears to have been fabricated and does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Scott M. Boger 诉弗吉尼亚州哈里森堡市等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引“Snider Int’l Corp. v. City of Norfolk, 739 F.3d 140, 150 (4th Cir. 2014)”；法院无法识别该名称的案件，并指出记者对应的是 Snider Int’l Corp. v. Town of Forest Heights, Md., 739 F.3d 140，该案件不支持原告的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了他认为康纳利诉钢铁谷案的语言。区，706 F.3d 209, 216（3d Cir. 2013）；法院认为所引用的语言似乎是捏造的，并且没有出现在该意见中。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "title": "Brian Jeffrey Hall Jr. v. Halsted Financial Services, LLC", "url": "/documents/1171/Hall_v._Halsted_Financial_USA_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Younger v. Experian, 2023 WL 3260198 (E.D. Pa. May 4, 2023)'; the court was unable to locate the decision on research databases and concluded it likely does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Brian Jeffrey Hall Jr. 诉 Halsted Financial Services, LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引“Younger 诉 Experian，2023 WL 3260198（宾夕法尼亚州东部地区法院，2023 年 5 月 4 日）”；法院无法在研究数据库中找到该决定，并得出结论，该决定可能不存在。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Eric V. Mitchel II v. Stellantis Financial Services", "url": "/documents/803/ERIC_V_MITCHEL_II_Plaintiff_v_STELLANTIS_FINANCIAL_SERVICES_INC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Smith v. Stellantis Financial Services, Inc., Case No. 3:18-cv-00512 (E.D. Va. 2018)\"; the Court found the cited case number actually corresponds to Miller v. General District Court of the City of Richmond, indicating an inaccurate/fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Garcia v. Stellantis Fin. Servs., 4:21-cv-00354 (W.D. Tex. 2021)\"; the Court found no Westlaw result for that citation and noted the actual W.D. Tex. 4:21-cv-354 corresponds to Franklin v. Apple Inc., 569 F. Supp. 3d 465 (W.D. Tex. 2021). || Fabricated: Case Law | The Court observed that nearly every citation listed under Plaintiff's sub-heading \"VII. Established Pattern of Unfair Practices by Stellantis\" appears incorrect or fabricated, suggesting multiple AI-generated hallucinated authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃里克诉米切尔二世诉 Stellantis Financial Services", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Smith 诉 Stellantis Financial Services, Inc.，案号 3:18-cv-00512（弗吉尼亚州东区法院，2018 年）”；法院发现所引用的案件编号实际上对应于 Miller v. General District Court of the City of Richmond，表明引用不准确/捏造。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Garcia v. Stellantis Fin. Servs., 4:21-cv-00354 (W.D. Tex. 2021)”；法院没有发现 Westlaw 对该引文的结果，并指出实际的 W.D. Tex. 4:21-cv-354 对应于 Franklin v. Apple Inc., 569 F. Supp. 3d 465（德克萨斯州西区，2021 年）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院观察到，原告副标题“VII. Stellantis 确立的不公平行为模式”下列出的几乎所有引文似乎都是不正确或捏造的，这表明多个人工智能生成的幻觉权威。", "court": "E.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "title": "United States v. Michael Shane DeBaere (1)", "url": "/documents/755/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_MICHAEL_SHANE_DEBAERE.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | DeBaere cited a non-existent provision of the Guide to Judiciary Policy (Vol. 8, Pt. E, § 220.40) and quoted language that the court determined does not exist; court found the quotation fabricated and provided no basis for disclosure. || Fabricated: Case Law | DeBaere relied on a fabricated Sixth Circuit decision cited as United States v. Zai, 939 F.3d 740, 746 (6th Cir. 2019), including a quoted passage that the court determined was invented; court rejected the authority as non-existent/misleading. || Fabricated: Case Law | DeBaere cited United States v. Parisi, 363 F. Supp. 3d 281 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) as support for early termination; the court determined that citation is fabricated and provides no support. || Fabricated: Case Law | The defendant's filings contained numerous additional fabricated or mischaracterized cases and quotations (the brief contained over 70 citations the court described as fabricated or mischaracterized); the court emphasized the defendant's responsibility to verify authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉迈克尔·肖恩·德贝尔 (1)", "description_zh": "捏造：教义工作| DeBaere 引用了《司法政策指南》（第 8 卷，Pt.E，第 220.40 段）中不存在的条款，并引用了法院确定不存在的语言；法院认为该报价是捏造的，并且没有提供披露依据。 ||捏造：判例法| DeBaere 依据的是捏造的第六巡回法院裁决，引用为 United States v. Zai, 939 F.3d 740, 746 (6th Cir. 2019)，其中包括法院认定为捏造的引用段落；法院以不存在/具有误导性为由驳回了该权威。 ||捏造：判例法| DeBaere 引用了 United States v. Parisi，363 F. Supp。 3d 281 (W.D.N.Y. 2019) 作为提前终止的支持；法院认定传票是捏造的，并且没有提供任何支持。 ||捏造：判例法|被告的文件包含许多额外捏造或错误描述的案例和引文（案情摘要包含 70 多条被法院描述为捏造或错误描述的引文）；法院强调被告有责任核实当局的情况。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "Powhatan County School Board v. Skinger et al", "url": "/documents/473/Powhatan_County_School_Board_v._Skinger_et_al_E.D._Virginia_USA_2_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited T.A. v. McKinney Independent School District, 861 F.2d 655 (5th Cir. 1988), but that reporter cite corresponds to Jones v. Otis Elevator Co., 861 F.2d 655 (11th Cir. 1988), unrelated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Used an improbable case name with no citation; court found it entirely fabricated and nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided only a name and year; targeted search found no such case; court deemed it nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided only a name and year without citation; court could not identify any such decision and treated it as nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Asserted a case tied to opposing counsel with no citation; targeted search found none; court found it nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Referenced a non-case caption without a proper case name or citation; court treated it as fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited a Fourth Circuit decision that does not exist; closest match is a Sixth Circuit criminal case and a much later district court case with no relevance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited an unfindable Second Circuit case; closest match is Lin Zhong v. DOJ, 489 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2007); court found the cited case nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misstated circuit and case; the provided cite corresponds to a First Circuit civil case, not a Third Circuit decision as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided a Second Circuit citation that does not exist; closest is an unrelated Fifth Circuit case; court deemed it nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided a Second Circuit citation that does not exist; closest match is a criminal case; court deemed it nonexistent and irrelevant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a Ninth Circuit decision at a page number that does not exist; closest is a Tenth Circuit environmental case; court deemed it nonexistent for the proposition cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited an unfindable Seventh Circuit decision; closest is a Sixth C", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波瓦坦县学校董事会诉斯金格等人", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|引用 T.A. v. McKinney Independent School District, 861 F.2d 655 (5th Cir. 1988)，但该记者引用​​的内容对应于 Jones v. Otis Elevator Co., 861 F.2d 655 (11th Cir. 1988)，无关。 ||捏造：判例法|使用了不太可能的案例名称且没有引用；法院认为这完全是捏造的且不存在的。 ||捏造：判例法|仅提供姓名和年份；定向搜索未发现此类案例；法院认为不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|仅提供姓名和年份，未提供引文；法院无法识别任何此类决定，并将其视为不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|声称案件与对方律师有关，但没有引证；有针对性的搜索没有发现；法院认为它不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了非案例标题，没有正确的案例名称或引文；法院将其视为捏造。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了不存在的第四巡回法院的判决；最接近的匹配是第六巡回法院的刑事案件和晚得多的地区法院的案件，两者无关。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了一个无法找到的第二巡回法院案例；最接近的比赛是 Lin Zhu 诉 DOJ, 489 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2007)；法院认定所引案件不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|电路和外壳有误；所提供的引用对应于第一巡回法院民事案件，而不是所引用的第三巡回法院的判决。 ||捏造：判例法|提供了不存在的第二巡回法院传票；最接近的是一个不相关的第五巡回法院案件；法院认为不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|提供了不存在的第二巡回法院传票；最接近的匹配是刑事案件；法院认为它不存在且无关紧要。 ||捏造：判例法|在不存在的页码中引用了第九巡回法院的判决；最接近的是第十巡回法院的环境案件；法院认为所引用的主张不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|引用了第七巡回法院一项无法找到的判决；最接近的是第六个 C", "court": "E.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Relevant motions stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "title": "Kruglyak v. Home Depot U.S.A., Inc.", "url": "/documents/360/Kruglyak_v_Home_Depot_USA_Inc_W.D._Virginia_USA_March_25_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited fictitious case citations in his reply to the opposition to the motion to compel (Dkt. 123); he conceded this; the court found negligence but no bad faith and declined monetary sanctions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff misrepresented the holdings of various cases in the same reply brief (Dkt. 123); he conceded this; the court found negligence but no bad faith and declined monetary sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Kruglyak 诉 Home Depot U.S.A., Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告在对反对强制动议的答复中引用了虚构的案例引文（Dkt. 123）；他承认了这一点；法院认定存在疏忽，但没有恶意，并拒绝了经济制裁。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告在同一份答复摘要中歪曲了各种案件的情况（Dkt. 123）；他承认了这一点；法院认定存在疏忽，但没有恶意，并拒绝了经济制裁。", "court": "W.D. Virginia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 21, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-CA", "title": "California", "entries": [ { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "California SB 11 (Artificial intelligence technology)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB11", "description": "Adds requirements for AI technology providers enabling digital replicas to issue a consumer warning about potential legal liabilities for unauthorized depictions, effective by December 1, 2026.\n\nInstructs that warnings be hyperlinked on AI interfaces and included in terms of service, with penalties up to $10,000 per day for non-compliance.\n\nExempts video game replicas used solely in gameplay from this requirement.\n\nAmends the Civil Code to impose liability for unauthorized use of another’s li...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "California SB 524 (Law enforcement agencies: artificial intelligence.)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB524", "description": "Requires each law enforcement agency to maintain a policy ensuring that AI-generated official reports include identification of AI programs used and a statement indicating AI involvement.\n\nMandates these reports contain an officer's signature verifying the report's accuracy.\n\nNecessitates retention of the first AI-created draft for the same duration as the official report, and states it doesn’t constitute an officer's statement.\n\nCommands agencies to maintain an audit trail identifying users ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-30", "title": "California SB 892 (Public contracts: automated decision systems: procurement standards)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB892", "description": "Enacts a requirement for the California Department of Technology to develop and adopt regulations for an Automated Decision System (ADS) procurement standard.\n\nDefines \"AI\" and \"ADS\" with exemptions for non-ADS software like spam filters.\n\nRequires consideration of existing frameworks such as the AI Bill of Rights and NIST guidelines.\n\nSpecifies the standard must include risk assessments, risk controls, monitoring procedures, prohibition of certain ADS uses, equity assessments, data minimizat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "California SB 295 (California Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB295", "description": "Enacts the California Preventing Algorithmic Collusion Act of 2025, prohibiting the distribution or use of pricing algorithms by two or more competitors if the algorithms process competitor data to set prices or commercial terms.\n\nRequires individuals or entities to exercise reasonable due diligence before using such algorithms, including obtaining written assurances regarding competitor data.\n\nConsiders each authorized use, recommendation, or calendar month of algorithm use as separate viola...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "California SB 833 (Critical infrastructure: artificial intelligence systems: human oversight)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB833", "description": "Establishes the requirement for oversight personnel of operators deploying covered AI systems in critical infrastructure to create a human oversight mechanism by July 1, 2026. This mechanism ensures real-time monitoring and prior review of AI system actions unless deemed disruptive.\n\nInstructs the Department of Technology to develop annual specialized training focused on AI safety protocols and risk management for oversight personnel.\n\nRequires operators to conduct an annual assessment of the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "California AB 1405 (Artificial intelligence: auditors: enrollment)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1405", "description": "Establishes the AI Auditors’ Enrollment Fund, administered by the Government Operations Agency, to oversee the regulation of AI auditors.\n\nRequires AI auditors to enroll with the agency, pay enrollment fees, and provide detailed information about their practices by January 1, 2027.\n\nMandates AI auditors to adhere to widely recognized industry standards and avoid conflicts of interest, including prohibiting employment with auditees within 12 months of an audit.\n\nObliges auditors to provide det...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 November 2024", "title": "California AB 3211 (Digital Content Provenance Standards)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3211", "description": "Requires generative AI providers to apply provenance data to synthetic content that is difficult to remove or disassociate. \n\nInstructs providers to create or allow access to provenance detection tools for determining whether content was created or altered by AI.\n\nMandates adversarial testing of provenance data methods and submission of reports to the Department of Technology.\n\nProhibits entities from providing tools designed to remove provenance data deceptively.\n\nObligates recording devices...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 3211（数字内容来源标准）", "description_zh": "要求生成人工智能提供商将来源数据应用于难以删除或分离的合成内容。 \n\n指示提供商创建或允许访问来源检测工具，以确定内容是否由人工智能创建或更改。\n\n要求对来源数据方法进行对抗性测试并向技术部提交报告。\n\n禁止实体提供旨在以欺骗性方式删除来源数据的工具。\n\n必须配备录音设备..." }, { "date": "29 March 2026", "title": "California AB 316 (Vehicles: autonomous vehicles)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billPdf.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB316&version=20230AB31696ENR", "description": "Amends California's Vehicle Code to regulate the development and deployment of autonomous vehicles. Defines \"autonomous vehicle\" as those meeting SAE Levels 3, 4, or 5. \n\nRequires the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to adopt regulations for insurance and application approval processes for operating autonomous vehicles. Stipulates a $5 million insurance requirement for testing.\n\nMandates human safety operators for autonomous vehicles over 10,001 pounds for testing, goods transport, or passe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 316（车辆：自动驾驶车辆）", "description_zh": "修订加州车辆法规以规范自动驾驶汽车的开发和部署。将“自动驾驶车辆”定义为满足 SAE 3、4 或 5 级的车辆。 \n\n要求机动车辆部 (DMV) 采用有关运营自动驾驶车辆的保险和申请审批流程的法规。规定测试保险要求为 500 万美元。\n\n要求人类安全操作员对重量超过 10,001 磅的自动驾驶车辆进行测试、货物运输或通行..." }, { "date": "2024-06-28", "title": "City of San Jose Artificial Intelligence Policy 1.7.12", "url": "https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/112981/638593035034930000", "description": "Defines roles for AI governance, requiring San José to align AI usage with security and privacy policies. Prohibits real-time biometric identification, emotion analysis, and social scoring. Requires an AI review, technical documentation, and immediate reporting of harmful incidents. Enforces policy compliance with potential disciplinary actions.", "categories": [ "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣何塞市人工智能政策 1.7.12", "description_zh": "定义人工智能治理的角色，要求圣何塞将人工智能的使用与安全和隐私政策保持一致。禁止实时生物识别、情绪分析和社交评分。需要人工智能审查、技术文档并立即报告有害事件。通过潜在的纪律处分强制遵守政策。" }, { "date": "2024-06-04", "title": "Los Angeles AI Roadmap 2024, Best Practices and Roadmap", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/12gbVV3Qk7qixa9BU8g8zcA5LZbnDPUsk/view", "description": "Emphasizes AI training for employees and IT developers. Requires departments to set clear objectives before AI deployment and conduct proofs of concept. Advises AI tools remain secure, ethical, and data privacy is protected. Encourages transparency and human-centric AI use.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "洛杉矶 AI 路线图 2024、最佳实践和路线图", "description_zh": "强调对员工和IT开发人员的人工智能培训。要求各部门在部署人工智能之前设定明确的目标并进行概念验证。建议人工智能工具保持安全、道德，并保护数据隐私。鼓励透明度和以人为本的人工智能使用。" }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "title": "San Francisco Generative AI Guidelines", "url": "https://www.sf.gov/reports--december-2023--san-francisco-generative-ai-guidelines?_gl=1*zs7iu8*_ga*MTk1MjI0ODc1Mi4xNzA0OTA3NDUy*_ga_BT9NDE0NFC*MTcwNTQyODg0Ni41LjAuMTcwNTQyODg0Ni4wLjAuMA..*_ga_63SCS846YP*MTcwNTQyODg0Ni41LjAuMTcwNTQyODg0Ni4wLjAuMA", "description": "The San Francisco Generative AI guidelines basically establish citywide requirements for the responsible use of generative AI by San Francisco personnel. It also mandates human oversight, fact-checking, and transparency disclosures under Chapter 22J. Furthermore, it prohibits deepfakes or AI-driven decision-making without expert review. It also restricts the use of public AI tools as it requires documentation and an inventory of enterprise systems. It also imposes governance, auditing, and compliance duties to protect privacy, equity, and public trust.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "旧金山生成式人工智能指南", "description_zh": "旧金山生成式人工智能指南基本上为旧金山人员负责任地使用生成式人工智能制定了全市范围的要求。它还根据第 22J 章规定进行人工监督、事实核查和透明度披露。此外，它还禁止未经专家审查的深度假货或人工智能驱动的决策。它还限制了公共人工智能工具的使用，因为它需要文档和企业系统清单。它还规定了治理、审计和合规职责，以保护隐私、公平和公众信任。" }, { "date": "2023-09-23", "title": "City of San Jose Generative AI Guidelines", "url": "https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/100095/638314083307070000", "description": "Regulates the use of Generative AI in the City of San José, requiring users to avoid entering confidential information, ensure accuracy, cite AI usage, and create separate City-use accounts. Instructs departments to offer additional rules and engage in AI working groups.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "圣何塞市生成人工智能指南", "description_zh": "规范生成式人工智能在圣何塞市的使用，要求用户避免输入机密信息、确保准确性、引用人工智能的使用情况并创建单独的城市使用帐户。指示各部门提供额外的规则并参与人工智能工作组。" }, { "date": "2023-09-19", "title": "County of Santa Cruz Artificial Intelligence Appropriate Use Policy", "url": "https://www2.santacruzcountyca.gov/personnel/vpolandproc/ProceduresManual/PM6476.pdf", "description": "Establishes the County of Santa Cruz AI policy for responsible generative AI use by employees. Prohibits PII input and impactful decisions with AI. Requires compliance with data privacy laws, ethical use, informed consent, transparency, and authorized tools. Encourages training.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "圣克鲁斯县人工智能适当使用政策", "description_zh": "制定圣克鲁斯县人工智能政策，让员工负责任地使用生成式人工智能。禁止使用人工智能输入 PII 和做出有影响力的决策。需要遵守数据隐私法、道德使用、知情同意、透明度和授权工具。鼓励培训。" }, { "date": "2021-01-01", "title": "City of Long Beach Data Privacy Guidelines (2021)", "url": "https://www.longbeach.gov/globalassets/smart-city/media-library/documents/final_data-privacy-guidelines", "description": "Mandates human oversight in AI decision-making with evaluations of discriminatory consequences.", "categories": [ "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "长滩市数据隐私指南 (2021)", "description_zh": "强制人工智能决策中的人类监督，并评估歧视性后果。" }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "SB-243 Companion chatbots", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email", "description": "Defines \"companion chatbot\" and requires operators to notify users when they interact with AI. Requires protocols to prevent the production of harmful content. Mandates annual reports on crisis notifications. Offers civil remedies for violations. Ensures suitability disclosures for minors.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "SB-243 伴侣聊天机器人", "description_zh": "定义“伴侣聊天机器人”，并要求运营商在与人工智能交互时通知用户。需要协议来防止有害内容的产生。强制要求提供有关危机通知的年度报告。为违法行为提供民事补救措施。确保未成年人的适用性披露。" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "California Senate Bill 53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "description": "Requires large frontier developers to implement and publish frontier AI frameworks, assess catastrophic risks, and publish transparency reports; requires the Office of Emergency Services to establish reporting mechanisms for critical safety incidents and catastrophic risk assessments; establishes a consortium to develop a framework for the creation of CalCompute; creates civil penalties for violations of this chapter.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州参议院法案 53", "description_zh": "要求大型前沿开发者实施并发布前沿人工智能框架，评估灾难性风险，并发布透明度报告；要求紧急服务办公室建立重大安全事件和灾难性风险评估的报告机制；建立一个联盟来开发创建 CalCompute 的框架；对违反本章的行为制定民事处罚。" }, { "date": "09 July 2025", "title": "California AB 412", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB412", "description": "Regulates GenAI developers in California by requiring them to document copyrighted materials used to train AI models, make available a mechanism for rights owners to request information regarding the use of covered materials, and respond to rights owners’ information requests within 30 days. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚AB 412", "description_zh": "对加利福尼亚州的 GenAI 开发人员进行监管，要求他们记录用于训练 AI 模型的受版权保护的材料，为权利所有者提供一种机制，以请求有关所涵盖材料的使用的信息，并在 30 天内回复权利所有者的信息请求。" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Leading Ethical AI Development (LEAD) for Kids Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1064&showamends=false", "description": "Establishes the LEAD for Kids Act, mandating AI systems intended for children to assess risk levels and adhere to regulations. Forms a board to oversee compliance, issue guidelines, and ensure AI doesn't adversely impact children. Imposes penalties for noncompliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "儿童人工智能发展道德规范 (LEAD) 法案", "description_zh": "制定《儿童领导力法案》，强制儿童人工智能系统评估风险水平并遵守法规。成立一个委员会来监督合规性、发布指导方针并确保人工智能不会对儿童产生不利影响。对违规行为实施处罚。" }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "CA AB 1064", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB1064", "description": "Establishes the LEAD for Kids Act, prohibiting companion chatbots from causing psychological harm to children. Requires operators to ensure safety guardrails to prevent self-harm encouragement, unsolicited mental health therapy, illegal activity, or explicit content. Allows Attorney General and individuals to seek penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CA AB 1064", "description_zh": "制定《儿童引导法案》，禁止同伴聊天机器人对儿童造成心理伤害。要求运营商确保安全护栏，防止鼓励自残、未经请求的心理健康治疗、非法活动或露骨内容。允许司法部长和个人寻求对违法行为的处罚。" }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "Legal Advisory on the Application of Existing California Law to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare (California Attorney General)", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Final%20Legal%20Advisory%20-%20Application%20of%20Existing%20CA%20Laws%20to%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Healthcare.pdf", "description": "Provides guidance on how California’s consumer protection, civil rights, competition, and data privacy laws apply to AI use in healthcare; explains California law regarding the use of AI to override doctors’ decisions, discriminate, or infringe on patient privacy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于现有加州法律应用于医疗保健人工智能的法律咨询（加州总检察长）", "description_zh": "提供有关加州消费者保护、民权、竞争和数据隐私法如何适用于医疗保健领域人工智能使用的指导；解释了加州有关使用人工智能推翻医生决定、歧视或侵犯患者隐私的法律。" }, { "date": "07 January 2025", "title": "California SB 53", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB53", "description": "Establishes a consortium to create \"CalCompute,\" advancing AI in a responsible, equitable manner. Prohibits developers from retaliating against whistleblowers who disclose AI risks. Requires developers to notify employees of their rights, offering whistleblowing avenues and legal protections against retaliation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SB 53", "description_zh": "成立一个联盟来创建“CalCompute”，以负责任、公平的方式推进人工智能。禁止开发者对披露人工智能风险的举报人进行报复。要求开发商告知员工他们的权利，提供举报途径和防止报复的法律保护。" }, { "date": "01 January 2025", "title": "California Attorney General’s Legal Advisory on the Application of Existing California Laws to Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/Legal%20Advisory%20-%20Application%20of%20Existing%20CA%20Laws%20to%20Artificial%20Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Guides AI developers and users in California on compliance with existing laws governing consumer protections, data protections, civil rights protections, competition laws, and new AI-specific laws. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州总检察长关于加州现有法律适用于人工智能的法律咨询", "description_zh": "指导加利福尼亚州的人工智能开发人员和用户遵守有关消费者保护、数据保护、民权保护、竞争法和新的人工智能特定法律的现行法律。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "California Senate Bill 1381 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1381", "description": "Expands legal prohibitions to include child pornography generated or altered by artificial intelligence. Subjects such AI-generated content to penalties. Allows forfeiture and destruction of such content without a criminal conviction. Becomes operative with AB 1831 enactment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Disclosure" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州参议院法案 1381 (2024)", "description_zh": "扩大法律禁令范围，将人工智能生成或改变的儿童色情内容包括在内。对此类人工智能生成的内容进行处罚。允许没收和销毁此类内容，无需刑事定罪。随着 AB 1831 法案的颁布而生效。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "California Assembly Bill 2876 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2876", "description": "Require the California Instructional Quality Commission to incorporate AI literacy in curriculum frameworks for mathematics, science, and history-social science and consider AI literacy in its criteria for evaluating instructional materials when they are next adopted by the state board after January 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州议会法案 2876 (2024)", "description_zh": "要求加州教学质量委员会将人工智能素养纳入数学、科学和历史社会科学的课程框架中，并在 2025 年 1 月 1 日后州委员会下次采用教学材料时，将人工智能素养纳入评估教学材料的标准中。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "California Senate Bill 1288 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1288", "description": "Requires the Superintendent to convene a working group to develop guidance and a model policy on AI's safe use in education by 2026. Mandates reporting findings by 2027 and repeals provisions by 2031. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州参议院法案 1288 (2024)", "description_zh": "要求学区总监召集一个工作组，到 2026 年制定关于人工智能在教育中安全使用的指南和示范政策。强制要求在 2027 年之前报告调查结果，并在 2031 年之前废除相关规定。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "California Senate Bill 1120 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1120", "description": "Requires health care service plans and disability insurers using AI for utilization review to ensure compliance with clinical criteria, non-discrimination, transparency, and auditability. Prohibits AI from replacing provider decision-making or denying services based on medical necessity.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州参议院法案 1120 (2024)", "description_zh": "要求医疗保健服务计划和残疾保险公司使用人工智能进行使用审查，以确保符合临床标准、非歧视、透明度和可审计性。禁止人工智能取代提供商的决策或基于医疗必要性拒绝服务。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act (SB 1047)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047", "description": "Requires developers of frontier AI models to implement comprehensive safety and security protocols and detailed risk assessments. Requires annual audits, mandates incident reporting within 72 hours, creates a regulatory board and introduces plans for a public cloud computing cluster called CalCompute.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "前沿人工智能模型安全可靠创新法案 (SB 1047)", "description_zh": "要求前沿人工智能模型的开发人员实施全面的安全保障协议和详细的风险评估。要求进行年度审计、要求在 72 小时内报告事件、创建监管委员会并引入名为 CalCompute 的公共云计算集群的计划。" }, { "date": "29 September 2024", "title": "California Assembly Bill 1831 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1831", "description": "Prohibits the creation, distribution, possession, and exhibition of AI-generated child sexual assault material (CSAM) in California and imposes severe penalties.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Risk factors: Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州议会法案 1831 (2024)", "description_zh": "禁止在加州创作、分发、拥有和展示人工智能生成的儿童性侵犯材料（CSAM），并处以严厉处罚。" }, { "date": "28 September 2024", "title": "California AB 1836: Likeness of Deceased Individuals", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1836", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 1836, extending California's personality rights protections to cover AI-generated digital replicas of deceased performers, requiring consent from a deceased person's estate before their voice, likeness, or performance can be reproduced using AI. The law applies to digital replicas used in audiovisual works, sound recordings, or performances, and provides estates with the right to injunctive relief and damages for unauthorized use. It addressed growing industry concerns about AI-generated content using the likenesses of deceased celebrities and performers.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 1836：死者肖像", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了 1836 年议会法案，将加州的人格权保护范围扩大到人工智能生成的已故表演者的数字复制品，要求在使用人工智能复制死者的声音、肖像或表演之前需要获得死者遗产的同意。该法律适用于视听作品、录音或表演中使用的数字复制品，并规定遗产机构有权因未经授权的使用而获得禁令救济和损害赔偿。它解决了业界对人工智能使用已故名人和表演者的肖像生成内容日益增长的担忧。" }, { "date": "23 September 2024", "title": "California Assembly Bill 2905 (2024)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2905", "description": "Requires a person placing a call through the use of an automatic dialing-announcing device to make an unrecorded, natural voice announcement before using AI-generated voices in calls. Requires person calling to disconnect device upon termination of the call by either the person calling or the person called and defines \"artificial intelligence\" and \"artificial voice.\" ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州议会法案 2905 (2024)", "description_zh": "要求拨打电话的人使用自动拨号通知设备发出未录制的自然语音通知，然后再在通话中使用人工智能生成的语音。要求呼叫者在呼叫者或被呼叫者终止呼叫时断开设备连接，并定义“人工智能”和“人工语音”。" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "California SB 1047 Veto: Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/SB-1047-Veto-Message.pdf", "description": "Governor Gavin Newsom vetoed Senate Bill 1047, which would have imposed safety requirements and liability on developers of large frontier AI models trained above certain compute thresholds. In his veto message, Newsom stated that the bill applied stringent standards to only the largest AI models without focusing on the specific use cases that may pose the greatest risks, and could give a false sense of security while stifling innovation in California's AI sector. The veto attracted international attention as the most prominent legislative setback for comprehensive AI safety regulation in the United States.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SB 1047 否决权：前沿人工智能模型安全可靠创新法案", "description_zh": "州长加文·纽瑟姆 (Gavin Newsom) 否决了参议院 1047 号法案，该法案将对经过特定计算阈值训练的大型前沿人工智能模型的开发人员提出安全要求和责任。纽瑟姆在否决信息中表示，该法案仅对最大的人工智能模型应用严格的标准，而不关注可能带来最大风险的具体用例，并可能给人一种错误的安全感，同时扼杀加州人工智能领域的创新。此次否决作为美国全面人工智能安全监管最突出的立法挫折而引起国际关注。" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "California AB 2602: Contracts — Voice and Likeness Provisions — Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2602", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2602, protecting performers from being contractually obligated to allow AI replicas of their voice or likeness to be used without meaningful negotiation and explicit consent provisions in their contracts. The law voids contract provisions that grant a company broad rights to create AI replicas of a performer's voice or likeness without describing the intended use and without the performer being represented by legal counsel or a union. It was a direct response to growing concerns in the entertainment industry about AI cloning of actors' and musicians' voices and likenesses.", "categories": [ "Labor & Workforce", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 2602：合同 — 声音和肖像条款 — 人工智能", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了第 2602 号议会法案，保护表演者在合同中没有义务允许在没有有意义的谈判和合同中明确同意条款的情况下使用其声音或肖像的人工智能复制品。该法律废除了授予公司广泛权利创建表演者声音或肖像的人工智能复制品的合同条款，但没有描述预期用途，也没有表演者由法律顾问或工会代表。这是对娱乐行业对人工智能克隆演员和音乐家声音和肖像日益担忧的直接回应。" }, { "date": "19 September 2024", "title": "California AB 2839: Elections — Deceptive AI-Produced Content", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2839, prohibiting the distribution of materially deceptive AI-generated audio or visual media depicting candidates within 120 days of an election without disclosure. The law creates a civil cause of action for candidates depicted in deceptive AI election content and authorizes courts to issue injunctive relief. It was part of a suite of California AI election integrity laws aimed at combating AI-generated disinformation in political campaigns.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 2839：选举——人工智能制作的欺骗性内容", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了第 2839 号议会法案，禁止在选举后 120 天内分发描绘候选人的具有实质欺骗性的人工智能生成的音频或视频媒体，而无需披露。该法律为欺骗性人工智能选举内容中描述的候选人提出了民事诉讼理由，并授权法院发布禁令救济。它是加州人工智能选举诚信法的一部分，旨在打击政治竞选中人工智能产生的虚假信息。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California AB 2013: Artificial Intelligence Training Data Transparency", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2013, requiring developers of AI systems trained on datasets of 1 million or more documents to post on their website documentation of the datasets used to train the AI, including the sources of data, whether personal information was included, and whether the data was synthetic. The law promotes transparency in AI training data and helps consumers and businesses evaluate potential biases or risks embedded in AI systems. It applies to AI systems made available to Californians on or after January 1, 2026.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Transportation", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 2013：人工智能训练数据透明度", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了 2013 年议会法案，要求接受过 100 万份或更多文档数据集训练的人工智能系统开发人员在其网站上发布用于训练人工智能的数据集文档，包括数据来源、是否包含个人信息以及数据是否是合成的。该法律提高了人工智能训练数据的透明度，并帮助消费者和企业评估人工智能系统中嵌入的潜在偏见或风险。它适用于 2026 年 1 月 1 日或之后向加州人提供的人工智能系统。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California AB 2885: Artificial Intelligence — Definitions", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2885", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2885, establishing standardized definitions of artificial intelligence for use across California statutes, creating consistency in how AI is defined and regulated under state law. The law defines 'artificial intelligence' as an engineered or machine-based system that can generate outputs influencing real or virtual environments for a given set of objectives. By establishing a common statutory definition, the bill aimed to provide clarity for businesses, regulators, and courts interpreting California's growing body of AI legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 2885：人工智能 — 定义", "description_zh": "纽森州长签署了第 2885 号议会法案，建立了人工智能的标准化定义，供加州各法规使用，从而使州法律对人工智能的定义和监管方式保持一致。该法律将“人工智能”定义为一种工程或基于机器的系统，可以为一组给定的目标生成影响真实或虚拟环境的输出。通过建立通用的法定定义，该法案旨在为企业、监管机构和法院提供清晰的解释，以解释加州不断增长的人工智能立法。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California SB 942: California AI Transparency Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942", "description": "Governor Newsom signed the California AI Transparency Act, requiring large providers of generative AI systems to implement and make freely available a provenance disclosure tool that allows users to assess whether content was generated by AI. Covered providers must include identifiable markers in AI-generated content and publish usage policies for their AI provenance tools. The law, which takes effect January 1, 2026, is aimed at combating the spread of deepfakes and AI-generated disinformation by establishing content provenance standards.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SB 942：加州人工智能透明度法案", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了《加州人工智能透明度法案》，要求生成人工智能系统的大型提供商实施并免费提供出处披露工具，允许用户评估内容是否由人工智能生成。涵盖的提供商必须在人工智能生成的内容中包含可识别标记，并发布其人工智能来源工具的使用政策。该法律于 2026 年 1 月 1 日生效，旨在通过建立内容来源标准来打击深度造假和人工智能生成的虚假信息的传播。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California AB 1008: Artificial Intelligence — Personal Information", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1008", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 1008, clarifying that personal information stored in AI systems and large language models is covered under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The law addresses questions about how AI systems that have processed personal data can comply with CCPA rights such as the right to deletion, and requires covered businesses to implement technical measures to honor consumer rights requests even when personal data has been incorporated into AI model weights. This was a significant clarification for AI developers operating under California's privacy framework.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 1008：人工智能 — 个人信息", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了第 1008 号议会法案，明确存储在人工智能系统和大型语言模型中的个人信息受《加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 的保护。该法律解决了处理个人数据的人工智能系统如何遵守 CCPA 权利（例如删除权）的问题，并要求所涵盖的企业实施技术措施来尊重消费者的权利请求，即使个人数据已纳入人工智能模型权重中。对于在加州隐私框架下运营的人工智能开发人员来说，这是一个重要的澄清。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California AB 3030: Artificial Intelligence in Health Facilities", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3030", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 3030, requiring healthcare facilities that use generative AI to communicate with patients about clinical matters to include a specified disclosure identifying that the communication was generated by AI. The law applies to communications about appointment scheduling, diagnosis, treatment, and care management, and requires the disclosure to be clear and conspicuous. It was one of the first state laws specifically addressing the use of generative AI in patient-facing healthcare communications.", "categories": [ "Healthcare", "Generative AI", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 3030：医疗机构中的人工智能", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了第 3030 号议会法案，要求使用生成式人工智能与患者就临床问题进行沟通的医疗机构必须包含明确的披露信息，表明该沟通是由人工智能生成的。该法律适用于有关预约安排、诊断、治疗和护理管理的通信，并要求信息披露清晰、显着。这是第一批专门针对在面向患者的医疗保健通信中使用生成人工智能的州法律之一。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California SB 896: Generative Artificial Intelligence — Assessments", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB896", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Senate Bill 896, requiring state agencies that use generative AI in high-risk decisions to conduct risk assessments and report findings to the Government Operations Agency. It also directed the Government Operations Agency to develop guidelines for state agencies on the safe and ethical use of generative AI, including procurement standards, transparency requirements, and risk mitigation strategies. The law directed a study of the environmental impacts of generative AI and potential mitigation measures.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "National Strategy", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SB 896：生成人工智能 — 评估", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了参议院第 896 号法案，要求在高风险决策中使用生成式人工智能的州机构进行风险评估并向政府运营局报告调查结果。它还指示政府运营机构为国家机构制定关于安全和合乎道德地使用生成人工智能的指南，包括采购标准、透明度要求和风险缓解策略。该法律指导对生成人工智能的环境影响和潜在的缓解措施进行研究。" }, { "date": "17 September 2024", "title": "California AB 2355 (2024), Section 8", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2355", "description": "Requires political advertisements generated or altered by AI to disclose “Ad generated or substantially altered using artificial intelligence.” Permits enforcement actions for non-compliance. Defines AI-related terms and specifies disclosure methods. Exempts service providers' rights under Section 230.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 2355 (2024)，第 8 节", "description_zh": "要求人工智能生成或修改的政治广告披露“使用人工智能生成或大幅修改的广告”。允许对违规行为采取强制措施。定义了人工智能相关术语并规定了披露方法。豁免服务提供商根据第 230 条享有的权利。" }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "Budget Act of 2024", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB107", "description": "Establishes monthly AI meetings with legislative staff to discuss Executive Order N-12-23. Defines AI and GenAI. Requires GenAI pilot data as personal information. Prohibits projects with sensitive data. Mandates compliance with GenAI guidelines. Allows de-identified data for research.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年预算法", "description_zh": "每月与立法人员召开 AI 会议，讨论行政命令 N-12-23。定义 AI 和 GenAI。需要 GenAI 飞行员数据作为个人信息。禁止包含敏感数据的项目。强制要求遵守 GenAI 指南。允许去识别化数据用于研究。" }, { "date": "08 March 2024", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency Draft Risk Assessment and Automated Decisionmaking Technology Regulations", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/meetings/materials/20240308_item4_draft_risk.pdf?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email", "description": "Requires risk assessments for processing personal information with AI, especially when impacting significant consumer decisions or involving extensive profiling. Mandates transparency and consumer rights to opt-out of automated decision making technology.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州隐私保护局风险评估和自动决策技术法规草案", "description_zh": "需要对使用人工智能处理个人信息进行风险评估，特别是在影响重大消费者决策或涉及广泛分析时。要求透明度和消费者权利选择退出自动决策技术。" }, { "date": "01 February 2024", "title": "Artificial Intelligence for California Research Act", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB398", "description": "Directs the California Department of Technology to develop and implement a research plan on how AI can improve state and local services, including analysis of the risks and benefits of various use cases, best practices from other governments, guidelines for risk management, monitoring, and evaluation, and privacy. Instructs the Department of Technology to submit a report on its findings to the legislature.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州人工智能研究法案", "description_zh": "指示加州技术部制定并实施一项关于人工智能如何改善州和地方服务的研究计划，包括分析各种用例的风险和收益、其他政府的最佳实践、风险管理、监控和评估以及隐私指南。指示技术部向立法机关提交调查结果报告。" }, { "date": "01 February 2024", "title": "An act to add Chapter 5.9 (commencing with Section 11549.80) to Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of, the Government Code, relating to state government.", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB313", "description": "Establishes California’s Office of Artificial Intelligence to guide state agencies' design, use, and deployment of automated systems in a manner that minimizes bias and promotes privacy and civil liberties. Requires state agencies to inform users when they interact with an AI system, and provide instructions to reach a non-AI contact.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将第 5.9 章（从第 11549.80 条开始）添加到与州政府有关的《政府法典》第 2 章第 3 分部第 1 部分的法案。", "description_zh": "建立加州人工智能办公室，以最大程度地减少偏见并促进隐私和公民自由的方式指导州机构设计、使用和部署自动化系统。要求国家机构在用户与人工智能系统交互时通知用户，并提供联系非人工智能联系人的指示。" }, { "date": "31 January 2024", "title": "An act to add Chapter 25 (commencing with Section 22756) to Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code, relating to artificial intelligence.", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB331", "description": "Governs the use of artificial intelligence for making consequential decisions that affect others (on education, healthcare, etc.), including by banning tools that exhibit algorithmic discrimination and requiring impact assessments, disclosures, monitoring, and human alternatives. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on planning ability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将与人工智能相关的第 25 章（从第 22756 条开始）添加到《商业和职业法典》第 8 部分的法案。", "description_zh": "管理人工智能的使用，以做出影响他人（教育、医疗保健等）的重大决策，包括禁止表现出算法歧视的工具，并要求进行影响评估、披露、监控和人类替代方案。" }, { "date": "16 October 2023", "title": "California AB 331: Automated Decision Systems", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB331", "description": "California Assembly Bill 331 would have required developers and deployers of automated decision systems to conduct annual impact assessments and allow individuals to opt out of consequential automated decisions in areas such as employment, housing, credit, and healthcare. The bill passed both chambers of the California legislature but was held in the Assembly Appropriations Committee in 2023 and was not sent to the Governor, reflecting the complex legislative dynamics around comprehensive AI regulation in California. It was reintroduced in modified form in subsequent sessions.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Labor & Workforce" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 AB 331：自动决策系统", "description_zh": "加州议会第 331 号法案要求自动化决策系统的开发者和部署者进行年度影响评估，并允许个人在就业、住房、信贷和医疗保健等领域选择退出相应的自动化决策。该法案在加州参众两院获得通过，但于 2023 年在议会拨款委员会审议，并未提交给州长，这反映出加州围绕人工智能综合监管的复杂立法动态。在随后的会议上，它以修改后的形式重新引入。" }, { "date": "13 October 2023", "title": "An act to add Section 11546.45.5 to the Government Code, relating to automated decision systems", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB302", "description": "Requires the California Department of Technology to analyze the benefits and risks of all high-risk automated decision systems that are in use by, or have been proposed for use by, state agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "在《政府法典》中添加与自动决策系统相关的第 11546.45.5 条的法案", "description_zh": "要求加州技术部分析州机构正在使用或已提议使用的所有高风险自动决策系统的好处和风险。" }, { "date": "08 October 2023", "title": "California (2023-2024) AB 96", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB96", "description": "Requires public transit employers to notify employee representatives 10 months before procurement of autonomous transit vehicle technology affecting jobs. Allows collective bargaining on technology development, implementation, workforce transition, and training plans. Grants Public Employment Relations Board jurisdiction over unfair practice charges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Transportation", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 (2023-2024) AB 96", "description_zh": "要求公共交通雇主在采购影响就业的自动驾驶交通车辆技术前 10 个月通知员工代表。允许就技术开发、实施、劳动力过渡和培训计划进行集体谈判。授予公共就业关系委员会对不公平做法指控的管辖权。" }, { "date": "06 September 2023", "title": "California Executive Order N-12-23", "url": "https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/AI-EO-No.12-_-GGN-Signed.pdf", "description": "Directs California agencies to draft reports and guidelines on GenAI use, focusing on risks and equitable outcomes. Establishes GenAI pilot projects and partnerships with universities. Promotes workforce training and risk analysis, particularly for infrastructure and regulatory impacts.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州行政命令 N-12-23", "description_zh": "指示加州机构起草有关 GenAI 使用的报告和指南，重点关注风险和公平结果。建立 GenAI 试点项目并与大学建立合作伙伴关系。促进劳动力培训和风险分析，特别是基础设施和监管影响。" }, { "date": "23 August 2023", "title": "California 2023 SCR 17 (Relative to AI)", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SCR17", "description": "Affirms California Legislature's commitment to President Biden's safe AI vision and \"Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights\" principles. Commits to examining and implementing these principles in state legislation and policies related to automated systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 2023 SCR 17（相对于 AI）", "description_zh": "确认加州立法机关对拜登总统的安全人工智能愿景和“人工智能权利法案蓝图”原则的承诺。致力于在与自动化系统相关的国家立法和政策中审查和实施这些原则。" }, { "date": "14 September 2022", "title": "California AB 2269: Automated Decision Systems — Regulations", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2269", "description": "Governor Newsom signed Assembly Bill 2269, directing the Department of Technology to convene a working group to develop recommendations for regulating automated decision systems used by state agencies, including accountability, transparency, and anti-discrimination requirements. The working group was tasked with producing a report with draft regulations for consideration by the Legislature. This laid groundwork for California's subsequent broader AI legislation by establishing a formal process for developing state AI governance standards.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 AB 2269：自动决策系统 — 法规", "description_zh": "纽瑟姆州长签署了第 2269 号议会法案，指示技术部召集一个工作组，制定规范国家机构使用的自动化决策系统的建议，包括问责制、透明度和反歧视要求。该工作组的任务是编写一份包含法规草案的报告，供立法机关审议。通过建立制定州人工智能治理标准的正式流程，为加州随后更广泛的人工智能立法奠定了基础。" }, { "date": "13 September 2022", "title": "California (2021-2022) SB 1398", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB1398#:~:text=This%20bill%20would%20require%20a,with%20a%20consumer%20notice%20that", "description": "Prohibits selling new vehicles with partial automation without providing notice about feature functions and limitations. Forbids misleading names or ads implying full autonomy. Requires manufacturers to supply dealers with compliance information. Retains liability for negligence or product defects.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 (2021-2022) SB 1398", "description_zh": "禁止在未提供有关功能和限制的通知的情况下销售具有部分自动化功能的新车。禁止暗示完全自主的误导性名称或广告。要求制造商向经销商提供合规信息。保留对疏忽或产品缺陷的责任。" }, { "date": "09 July 2019", "title": "California SJR 6", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SJR6", "description": "Urges President and Congress to develop an AI Advisory Committee with the push of the Senate and the Assembly of the State of California. Highlights need for AI policy, ethical standards, workforce planning, and innovation. Calls for bridging tech-regulation gaps. Directs resolution to federal and state officials.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加州 SJR 6", "description_zh": "敦促总统和国会在参议院和加州议会的推动下成立人工智能咨询委员会。强调人工智能政策、道德标准、劳动力规划和创新的需求。呼吁弥合技术监管差距。将解决方案提交给联邦和州官员。" }, { "date": "01 January 2019", "title": "California (2017) AB 1444", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1444", "description": "Authorizes the Livermore Amador Valley Transit Authority to test autonomous vehicles without drivers in Dublin, California, contingent on insurance, controlled testing, and compliance certifications. Requires safety-related data collection and local law enforcement cooperation. Prohibits testing if statewide regulations are adopted by specified deadlines.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加利福尼亚州 (2017) AB 1444", "description_zh": "授权利弗莫尔阿马多尔谷交通管理局在加利福尼亚州都柏林测试无人驾驶车辆，具体取决于保险、受控测试和合规认证。需要安全相关数据收集和当地执法合作。如果在指定期限内通过全州法规，则禁止进行测试。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — California SB 300 [URL: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB300]", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB300", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 加州 SB 300 [URL：https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB300]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 议会通过" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — California SB 243 [URL: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243]", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 加利福尼亚州 SB 243 [URL：https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB243]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 由州长签署" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "California AB 1018", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=20252026AB1018", "description": "California legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州AB 1018", "description_zh": "加州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "California SB 420", "url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=20252026SB420", "description": "California legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加州 SB 420", "description_zh": "加州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "title": "Saqib Kafeel v. Apple Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1893/Kafeel_v._Apple_USA_1_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reply cites a non-existent Ninth Circuit case; court notes the citation does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Saqib Kafeel 诉苹果公司等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|回复引用了一个不存在的第九巡回法院案件；法院指出该引文不存在。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Jared Ashcraft v. First-Citizens Bank and Trust Company, et al.", "url": "/documents/1927/Jared_Ashcraft_v_First-Citizens_Bank_and_Trust_Company_et_al_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"GN Netcom, Inc. v. Plantronics, Inc., No. 12-cv-1247, 2016 WL 3635771, at *4–5 (D. Del. June 29, 2016)\" but the Court's Westlaw search returned no documents for 2016 WL 3635771; the District of Delaware docket numbers and dates did not match and no opinion on that date was found.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jared Ashcraft 诉 First-Citizens Bank and Trust Company 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“GN Netcom, Inc. 诉 Plantronics, Inc.，第 12-cv-1247 号，2016 WL 3635771，at *4–5（D. Del. 2016 年 6 月 29 日）”，但法院的 Westlaw 搜索没有返回 2016 WL 3635771 的任何文件；特拉华州地区的案卷编号和日期不匹配，并且没有找到对该日期的意见。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Dominique Lopez v. Mead Johnson Nutrition Company", "url": "/documents/1768/Lopez_v._Mead_Johnson_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Defense counsel attributed a quotation to Becerra v. Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. that the court found did not appear in that opinion; court ordered show-cause for sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多米尼克·洛佩兹诉美赞臣营养品公司", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|辩护律师引用了 Becerra v. Dr Pepper/Seven Up, Inc. 的引文，但法院认为该引文并未出现在该意见中；法院下令说明制裁理由。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Meriland Keith Dillard v. CBS Studios, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1838/Meriland_Keith_Dillard_v._CBS_Studios_Inc._USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Jorgensen v. CBS, Inc., 728 F.2d 958 (8th Cir. 1984),' which the Court found does not exist and misrepresents the reporter citation (728 F.2d 953 is United States v. Johns (7th Cir. 1984)). Court treated the citation as a fabricated authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Lamon v. Godbolt, 2015 WL 13647670 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 30, 2015),' which the Court found to be nonexistent in the Central District and the Westlaw number refers to an unrelated state-court matter; Court treated this as a fabricated/fictitious citation. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Unauthorized supplemental brief (Dkt. 64) contained images with nonsensical spellings and text (e.g., 'Twombly/idqal + Three Bays'; 'Comedie Freeze'), which the Court identified as likely generated by AI and therefore fabricated exhibit content.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Meriland Keith Dillard 诉 CBS Studios, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Jorgensen v. CBS, Inc., 728 F.2d 958 (8th Cir. 1984)”，法院认为该案例不存在，并且歪曲了记者的引文（728 F.2d 953 是 United States v. Johns (7th Cir. 1984)）。法院将这一引文视为捏造的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Lamon v. Godbolt，2015 WL 13647670（C.D. Cal. 2015 年 3 月 30 日）”，法院认为该案在中区不存在，而 Westlaw 编号指的是不相关的州法院案件；法院将此视为捏造/虚构的传票。 ||制作：展览和提交|未经授权的补充摘要（Dkt.64）包含具有无意义拼写和文本的图像（例如“Twombly/idqal + Three Bays”；“Comedie Freeze”），法院认为这些图像可能是由人工智能生成的，因此捏造了展览内容。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Factor in dismissing with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Joan Pablo Torres Campos v. Leslie Ann Munoz", "url": "/documents/1599/D085584.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court and counsel cited 'Marriage of Twigg' as authority on prioritizing parties' emotional well‑being in custody; Twigg does not exist and the citation \"34 Cal.3d 926\" and parallel citations provided by counsel were fabricated. Court found reliance on this nonexistent authority and counsel later admitted Twigg was fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'In re Marriage of Teegarden' with an incorrect citation/year and attributed a holding about emotional well‑being and pet custody that the real 1986 Teegarden decision did not hold; the citation and asserted holding were misrepresented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "琼·巴勃罗·托雷斯·坎波斯诉莱斯利·安·穆尼奥斯", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院和律师援引《特威格的婚姻》作为优先考虑羁押期间双方情感健康的权威； Twigg 并不存在，引文“34 Cal.3d 926”和律师提供的平行引文都是伪造的。法院认定对这一不存在的权威的依赖，律师后来承认特威格是虚构的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了“关于 Teegarden 婚姻”的错误引文/年份，并归因于情感健康和宠物监护权，而 1986 年真正的 Teegarden 判决并不成立；引文和声称的持有被歪曲。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer; Judge", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Estate of Khallid Muhammad et al v. Tupac Shakur Estate et al", "url": "/documents/1596/Khallid_v._Tupac_Estate_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a Minnesota probate appeal as having \"denied intervention where movants lacked legal title,\" but the underlying state decision did not address intervention; Court found the quotation/mischaracterization inaccurate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs included a citation that \"does not correspond to any publicly-retrievable decision,\" i.e., a non-existent/fabricated case citation identified by the Court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Khallid Muhammad 等人的遗产诉 Tupac Shakur 遗产等人", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了明尼苏达州遗嘱认证上诉，称其“在移民缺乏合法所有权的情况下拒绝干预”，但基本的州决定并未涉及干预；法院认为引用/错误描述不准确。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了“与任何可公开检索的决定不相符”的引文，即法院认定的不存在/捏造的案件引文。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Samuel K. v. Winsley Focia", "url": "/documents/1587/Samuel_K._v._Focia_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited a nonexistent case 'Medical Board v. Superior Court (2022) 88 Cal.App.5th 459, 475' and attributed multiple due-process quotations to it; court found no such published case or quotations and labeled them AI 'hallucinations.' || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief quoted 'Admitting a transcript without the original recording is reversible error.' and cited People v. Panah (2005) 35 Cal.4th 395, 475; court found the quotation does not exist and Panah reached the opposite conclusion. || Fabricated: Other | The brief contained 12 quotations (11 fabricated) and numerous inaccurate or inapposite citations (some reporter citations corresponding to different criminal cases); court characterized the brief as 'peppered with inaccurate citations' and AI-generated fabrications.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "塞缪尔·K·诉温斯利·福西亚", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了一个不存在的案件“Medical Board v. Superior Court (2022) 88 Cal.App.5th 459, 475”，并引用了多个正当程序；法院没有发现此类公开的案例或引文，并将其标记为人工智能“幻觉”。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief引用“在没有原始录音的情况下承认抄本是可逆错误。”并引用 People v. Panah (2005) 35 Cal.4th 395, 475；法院认定该引文不存在，而帕纳得出了相反的结论。 ||制作：其他|该简报包含 12 条引文（其中 11 条是捏造的）以及大量不准确或不恰当的引文（一些记者的引文对应于不同的刑事案件）；法院将这份简报描述为“充满了不准确的引文”和人工智能生成的捏造内容。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed; appellant to bear her own costs on appeal.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "Anthony Jama Hall v. Superior Court of Sacramento County", "url": "/documents/1585/Jama_Hall_v._Superior_Court_USA_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'County of Sacramento v. Superior Court (2014) 232 Cal.App.4th 305' as controlling authority; the court determined this case citation does not exist and does not support appellant's proposition. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited 'Government Code section 911.5, subdivision (b)' to support due process arguments; the court found this statutory citation (as cited) to be nonexistent or inaccurately relied upon by appellant. || Fabricated: Other | The court identified that at least 11 authorities in appellant's briefs were either nonexistent or wholly inaccurate and attributed the errors to fabrication or failure to review citations potentially produced by generative AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安东尼·贾玛·霍尔诉萨克拉门托县高等法院", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“萨克拉门托县诉高等法院 (2014) 232 Cal.App.4th 305”作为控制机构；法院认定本案引文不存在，不支持上诉人的主张。 ||捏造：法律规范|上诉人援引“政府法典第 911.5 条 (b) 款”来支持正当程序论点；法院认为该法定引文（如所引用的）不存在或上诉人所依据的不准确。 ||制作：其他|法院认定，上诉人的案情摘要中至少有 11 条权威信息要么不存在，要么完全不准确，并将这些错误归因于捏造或未能审查生成人工智能可能产生的引文。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Juan Villalovos-Gutierrez, et al. v. Gerard Van de Pol, et al. (2)", "url": "/documents/1572/Villalovos_Guttierez_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited this case in its opposition; the court found the cited case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited this case in its opposition; the court found the cited case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "胡安·比利亚洛沃斯-古铁雷斯等人。诉 Gerard Van de Pol 等人。 (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|被告在其异议中引用了本案；法院认为所引案件不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|被告在其异议中引用了本案；法院认为所引案件不存在。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Zeus Realty Group LLC v. 1032 N Sycamore Owner LA, LLC et al", "url": "/documents/1593/Zeus_Realty_Group_LLC_v_1032_N_Sycamore_Owner_LA_LLC_et_al_USA_23_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion contained citations to nonexistent cases; Court noted the citations were nonexistent per Defendant's Opposition but did not identify specific fabricated cases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's Motion included inaccurate quotations from cases; Court observed the quotations were inaccurate per Defendant's Opposition but did not specify the exact misquotes.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Zeus Realty Group LLC 诉 1032 N Sycamore Owner LA, LLC 等人", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的动议引用了不存在的案件；法院指出，根据被告的反对意见，这些引文并不存在，但没有指出具体的捏造案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告的动议包含不准确的案例引用；法院认为，根据被告的反对意见，这些引文不准确，但没有具体说明具体的错误引文。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "EFD USA, INC., et al. v. Band Pro Film and Digital, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1552/EFD_USA_v_BAND_PRO_FILM_AND_DIGITAL_IN_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant quoted Lilienthal as stating tests for distinct claims ('(1) times of services performed; (2) specific obligations involved; and (3) resulting damages'), but the quotation does not appear in Lilienthal and the case does not address settlement offsets. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant quoted Rudick as stating that failure to respond waives an objection; the cited Rudick decision does not include that quotation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant attributed a quotation about using extrinsic evidence to interpret a settlement reached in mediation (with arbitration clause) to Riverisland; the quoted language does not appear in Riverisland. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant attributed an objective-contract interpretation quotation to Leaf v. City of San Mateo; the Leaf opinion does not contain the quoted language and did not involve a contested contract. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Milstein for the proposition 'a judgment by default admits all material allegations of the complaint,' but Milstein does not contain that language as quoted. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple additional fabricated quotations and inaccurate descriptions of legal authorities appeared across the opening and reply briefs, attributed by counsel to use of an AI system that altered citations during word-count reduction.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "EFD USA, INC. 等。诉 Band Pro Film and Digital, Inc. 等。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了李林塔尔的陈述，说明了对不同索赔的测试（“(1) 执行服务的次数；(2) 涉及的具体义务；以及 (3) 由此产生的损害”），但该引述并未出现在李林塔尔中，并且该案件没有涉及和解抵消。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用鲁迪克的话说，如果没有回应，则放弃反对；所引用的鲁迪克判决不包括该引文。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人将关于使用外在证据解释调解达成的和解（带有仲裁条款）的引述归咎于Riverisland；所引用的语言并未出现在《Riverisland》中。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人将《Leaf v. City of San Mateo》中的客观合同解释引述归咎于该引文； Leaf意见不包含引用的语言，也不涉及有争议的合同。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了米尔斯坦的主张“缺席判决承认投诉的所有重大指控”，但米尔斯坦并未包含所引用的语言。 ||捏造：判例法|在开庭和答复简报中出现了多处额外捏造的引文和对法律权威的不准确描述，律师将其归因于使用了人工智能系统，该系统在字数减少期间改变了引文。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "900 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "In re: Social Media Adolescent Addiction Litigation", "url": "/documents/1604/Social_Media_Litigation_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Deposition admission that some academic articles cited by Osborne do not exist; defendants attribute those citations to AI-generated fabrications; court noted plaintiffs said citations were corrected and declined to exclude the expert on that basis. || Misrepresented: Other | Other incorrect/miscited references in Osborne's report attributed to use of an AI citation tool; court treated these as citation-formatting errors, not grounds for exclusion, and allowed cross-examination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于：社交媒体青少年成瘾诉讼", "description_zh": "捏造：教义工作|作证承认奥斯本引用的一些学术文章并不存在；被告将这些引用归因于人工智能生成的捏造；法院指出，原告称引文已更正，并拒绝据此排除该专家。 ||误传：其他|奥斯本报告中的其他错误/错误引用归因于人工智能引用工具的使用；法院将这些视为引文格式错误，而不是排除的理由，并允许进行交叉询问。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court declined to exclude the expert based on the AI-generated/incorrect citations; issue reserved for cross-examination; motion to exclude denied.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Alejandro Rios v. Puente Hills Ford", "url": "/documents/1536/Rios_v._Puente_Hills_Ford_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Rios misquoted language from ten existing cases; the court found the quoted language appears nowhere in those decisions (including purported quotations from Osumi v. Sutton (2007) and Fiore v. Alvord (1985)). || Fabricated: Case Law | Rios cited a non-existent opinion as \"Stanley v. Univ. of Southern California (2022) 98 Cal.App.5th 151\"; the court found that citation incorrect/not corresponding to an existing 2022 Cal.App.5th reporter opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Rios cited a non-existent opinion as \"Eustace v. Lynch (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 1457\"; the court found that citation incorrect/not corresponding to an existing 2012 Cal.App.4th reporter opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "亚历杭德罗·里奥斯 v. Puente Hills Ford", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|里奥斯错误引用了十个现有案例中的语言；法院发现这些判决中没有出现所引用的语言（包括据称引用的 Osumi v. Sutton (2007) 和 Fiore v. Alvord (1985)）。 ||捏造：判例法|里奥斯引用了一项不存在的意见“Stanley v. University of Southern California (2022) 98 Cal.App.5th 151”；法院认为该引文不正确/不符合现有的 2022 Cal.App.5th 记者意见。 ||捏造：判例法| Rios 引用了一项不存在的意见“Eustace v. Lynch (2012) 209 Cal.App.4th 1457”；法院认为该引文不正确/不符合现有的 2012 年 Cal.App.4th 记者意见。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "TQJ, LLC v. Jennifer Esquivel et al.", "url": "/documents/1500/TQJ_LLC_v_Jennifer_Esquivel_et_al.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation pointed to an unrelated case (United States v. De La Paz) and the purported Muller decision cited (43 F. Supp. 2d 372, 379 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)) could not be located as cited; an older unrelated Muller decision exists but does not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not find any case called 'Steele v. County of San Mateo' at the cited 2021 WL and the offered quotation was not found in the cited jurisdiction; closest similar language found only in an unrelated N.D. Ohio case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate the cited authority; the 2011 WL citation did not match the cited C.D. Cal. decision and the referenced Lewis case is from a different district and does not discuss the proposition cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court was unable to find any case called 'Kogan v. Martin' or the 2019 WL citation offered for the proposition about suggestions and critiques.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "TQJ, LLC 诉 Jennifer Esquivel 等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引文指出了一个不相关的案件（United States v. De La Paz），并且无法按引用找到所谓的 Muller 判决（43 F. Supp. 2d 372, 379 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)）；存在一个较旧的、不相关的穆勒判决，但不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|法院在引用的 2021 年 WL 中找不到任何名为“Steele v. County of San Mateo”的案件，并且在引用的司法管辖区中未找到所提供的报价；最接近的相似语言仅在俄亥俄州北区的一个无关的案件中发现。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到引用的权威机构； 2011 年 WL 引用与引用的 C.D. 不匹配。卡尔。判决和引用的刘易斯案例来自不同的地区，并且没有讨论所引用的命题。 ||捏造：判例法|法院无法找到任何名为“Kogan 诉 Martin”的案件，也无法找到针对有关建议和批评的命题提供的 2019 年 WL 引文。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Daniel James Cummins v. Moises Becerra", "url": "/documents/1489/DANIEL_JAMES_CUMMINS_Petitioner_v_MOISES_BECERRA_et_al_Respondents.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply included a citation to 'Vuong' which, per petitioner's errata and the court, does not appear in publicly available legal databases and was identified as erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply included a citation to 'Arellano' which, per petitioner's errata and the court, does not appear in publicly available legal databases and was identified as erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply included a citation to 'Calderon' which, per petitioner's errata and the court, does not appear in publicly available legal databases and was identified as erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply included a citation to 'Pham' which, per petitioner's errata and the court, does not appear in publicly available legal databases and was identified as erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | The motion and reply contain numerous other citations that either do not exist or do not support the propositions for which they were offered; the court found these bear the hallmarks of AI-generated 'hallucinated' cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "丹尼尔·詹姆斯·康明斯 v. 莫伊塞斯·贝塞拉", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的答复包括对“Vuong”的引用，根据原告的勘误表和法院，该词并未出现在公开的法律数据库中，因此被认定为错误。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的答复包括对“Arellano”的引用，根据原告的勘误表和法院，该引用并未出现在公开的法律数据库中，因此被认定为错误。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的答复包括对“Calderon”的引用，根据原告的勘误表和法院，该词并未出现在公开的法律数据库中，因此被认定为错误。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的答复包括对“Pham”的引用，根据原告的勘误表和法院，该引用并未出现在公开的法律数据库中，因此被认定为错误。 ||捏造：判例法|动议和答复包含许多其他引文，这些引文要么不存在，要么不支持所提出的主张；法院发现这些案件具有人工智能生成的“幻觉”案件的特征。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Sebastian Rako v. VMware LLC (2)", "url": "/documents/1471/Rako_v._WMWare_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff (pro se) previously cited non-existent/fictitious cases in filings; VMware asserted those citations were likely AI-hallucinated and the Court warned against filing such fabricated case citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sebastian Rako 诉 VMware LLC (2)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告（本人）之前在备案文件中引用了不存在/虚构的案件； VMware 声称这些传票很可能是人工智能的幻觉，法院警告不要提交此类捏造的案件传票。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Required meet-and-confer for AI-use disputes", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Ava Naeini v. Confluent Inc.", "url": "/documents/1430/AVA_NAEINI_Plaintiff_and_Appellant_v_CONFLUENT_INC_Defendant_and_Responden.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 638'; the court found the citation is not valid and was unable to locate the purported authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 132 Cal.App.4th 97'; the court noted this citation does not appear to be valid.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Ava Naeini 诉 Confluence Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 638”；法院认为该传票无效，并且无法找到所谓的权威。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“Green v. Casa Santa Fe (2001) 132 Cal.App.4th 97”；法院指出，这一传票似乎无效。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "MacroCharts Research LLC v. Tony Chou", "url": "/documents/1415/MACROCHARTS_RESEARCH_LLC_Plaintiff_v_TONY_CHOU_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Chou's opposition contained nonexistent legal authorities; Plaintiff identified the 'nonexistent' or 'hallucinated' citations and Chou subsequently filed an errata removing them. The Court called the citations 'nonexistent' but declined sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "MacroCharts Research LLC 诉 Tony Chou", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|周的反对包含不存在的法律权威；原告指出了“不存在”或“幻觉”的引文，周随后提交了勘误表将其删除。法院称这些传票“不存在”，但拒绝制裁。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "That Xiong v. Minga Wofford", "url": "/documents/1416/THAT_XIONG_Petitioner_v_MINGA_WOFFORD_Respondent.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply cited 'Phan v. Barr, No. 1:19-cv-01451, 2019 WL 7758773 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2019)', which the Court identified as an incorrect/nonexistent citation; petitioner later admitted error and submitted a different, real 'Phan' citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner's reply cited 'Flores v. Barr, No. 1:20-cv-00491, 2020 WL 1939565 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2020)', which the Court identified as an incorrect/nonexistent citation; petitioner later admitted error and provided a different, real citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "That Xiong 诉 Minga Wofford", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿人的答复引用了“Phan v. Barr, No. 1:19-cv-01451, 2019 WL 7758773 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 20, 2019)”，法院认为该引用不正确/不存在；请愿人后来承认错误并提交了另一份真实的“Phan”引文。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人的答复引用了“Flores v. Barr, No. 1:20-cv-00491, 2020 WL 1939565 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2020)”，法院认为该引用不正确/不存在；请愿人后来承认了错误，并提供了不同的、真实的引文。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to inform client and staff of errors", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Hang Zhang v. Daniel Driscoll", "url": "/documents/1311/Zhang_v._Driscoll_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief contains multiple citations the Court could not locate and characterized as fictitious/hallucinated; Court declined to reproduce the fictitious names to avoid repeating them. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a purported Fifth Circuit case for the proposition that courts 'credit unopposed constitutional arguments,' but the pincite corresponds to United States v. Santiago, 905 F.3d 1013, 1018 (7th Cir. 2018), a Seventh Circuit case that does not support the proposition cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a purported Ninth Circuit case for the proposition that constitutional claims 'almost always demonstrate' irreparable harm, but the pincite corresponds to Thompson v. D.C., 967 F.3d 804, 813 (D.C. Cir. 2020), which does not support that premise.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "张航诉丹尼尔·德里斯科尔", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|答复摘要包含法院无法找到的多处引文，并被定性为虚构/幻觉；法院拒绝复制这些虚构的名字，以避免重复。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了一个所谓的第五巡回法院案件，主张法院“承认无异议的宪法论据”，但该 pincite 对应于 United States v. Santiago, 905 F.3d 1013, 1018 (7th Cir. 2018)，这是一个不支持所引用的主张的第七巡回法院案件。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了一个所谓的第九巡回法院案件，主张宪法主张“几乎总是证明”不可挽回的损害，但该 pincite 对应于 Thompson v. D.C., 967 F.3d 804, 813 (D.C. Cir. 2020)，该案并不支持这一前提。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Lindalbeth Lopez Hernandez v. Leanna Lundy", "url": "/documents/1312/Hernandez_v._ICE_USA_14_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings, No. 1:20-cv-02731-JLT, 2020 WL 2537748, at 6 (E.D. Cal. May 18, 2020)'; the court found no such case exists. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed other filings by the attorney contained similar non-existent case citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "林达尔贝斯·洛佩兹·埃尔南德斯诉莉安娜·伦迪", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师引用“Zepeda Rivas v. Jennings，No. 1:20-cv-02731-JLT, 2020 WL 2537748，第 6 页（加州东区法院，2020 年 5 月 18 日）”；法院认为不存在此类案件。 ||捏造：判例法|法院观察到该律师提交的其他文件包含类似的不存在的案件引文。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Gharavi v. Google LLC", "url": "/documents/1394/Gharavi_v_Google_LLC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel included a non-existent Wisconsin case in a sworn declaration; court found counsel relied on Bloomberg Law and the error was inadvertent and not in bad faith.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加拉维诉谷歌有限责任公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|律师在宣誓声明中纳入了一个不存在的威斯康星州案件；法院认为律师依据的是《彭博法》，该错误是无意的，并非出于恶意。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Bloomberg Law", "outcome": "Motion for Sanctions denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Minjie Zheng v. ICANN", "url": "/documents/1329/Zheng_v._ICANN_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited dozens of cases the Court was unable to locate, including some falsely attributed to this Court; Court identified earlier inability to locate two such cases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed language to Richter v. CC-Palo Alto, Inc. and Carlson v. Coca-Cola Co. that does not appear in those opinions. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Plaintiff quoted language purportedly from California Code of Civil Procedure § 356 that bears no similarity to the actual statute. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition to the fee motion cited authorities that were entirely fabricated or did not support the propositions for which they were cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "郑敏杰诉ICANN", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告列举了法院无法找到的数十起案件，其中一些案件被错误地归咎于本法院；法院早些时候发现无法找到两起此类案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告归因于 Richter 诉 CC-Palo Alto, Inc. 和 Carlson 诉 Coca-Cola Co. 的语言并未出现在这些意见中。 ||虚假报价：法律规范|原告引用了据称来自《加州民事诉讼法典》第 356 条的语言，该语言与实际法规没有相似之处。 ||捏造：判例法|原告反对收费动议的理由是当局完全捏造或不支持他们所引用的主张。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "66129 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. Christina Buenzli", "url": "/documents/1196/Jp_Morgan_v._Buenzli_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case and attributed a quotation to it; court found the case/citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent Unifund decision and attributed a quoted formulation; court found citation incorrect/nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a Westlaw citation she attributed a quote to; court found the cited decision/citation does not match and quote not found. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited an existing case but attributed a quotation that does not appear in that opinion; court found the quote unsupported by the cited authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited an existing opinion but attributed a specific evidentiary requirement/quote not found in the opinion; court flagged misattribution. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited an existing case name/year but attributed a quote and holding not present in the opinion; court found the quote absent from reported sources. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent supplemental reporter decision and attributed a doctrinal quote; court found citation nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a purported California Supreme Court decision that does not exist at that citation; court found the citation incorrect/nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a purported supplemental appellate decision with a quoted proposition about debt buyers; court found the cited authority does not exist or is mis-cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "摩根大通银行诉 Christina Buenzli", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一个不存在的案例并引用了该案例；法院发现案件/传票不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一项不存在的 Unifund 决定，并归因于所引用的表述；法院发现引文不正确/不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了她引用的 Westlaw 引文；法院发现所引用的判决/引文不匹配并且未找到引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用了一个现有案例，但引用了该意见中未出现的引文；法院认为该引述没有得到所引证机构的支持。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用了现有意见，但归因于意见中未发现的具体证据要求/引用；法院标记了错误归属。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用了现有的案件名称/年份，但在意见中未提及引用和主张；法院发现报道来源中没有这句话。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一项不存在的补充报告决定，并引用了理论引用；法院认为引文不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引了所谓的加州最高法院的裁决，但该裁决中并不存在；法院认为该引文不正确/不存在。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了一项所谓的补充上诉决定，其中引用了有关债务买家的主张；法院认定所引用的权威不存在或被错误引用。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "L.A. Housing Outreach, LLC v. Medoff", "url": "/documents/1255/LA_Housing_Outreach_v._Mdeoff_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The opinion notes many citations in counsel's reply brief were incorrect or did not exist; the court struck the brief and relied on this factual finding when imposing sanctions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Green v. Healthcare Services, Inc. for the proposition that stay denials are reversed for ignoring hardships, but the court observed Green dealt with a wrongful death action and did not support that proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "L.A. Housing Outreach, LLC 诉 Medoff", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|意见指出，律师答复摘要中的许多引文不正确或不存在；法院驳回了案情摘要，并在实施制裁时依据了这一事实调查结果。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引格林诉医疗保健服务公司一案的主张，即因无视困难而撤销中止拒绝，但法院观察到格林处理过失致人死亡诉讼，因此不支持该主张。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reply brief struck; monetary sanction; State Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "5070 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Angelica E. Cruz et al. v. United States of America", "url": "/documents/1193/Cruz_v._USA_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' opposition cited 'Kennedy v. United States, 2022 WL 17684317, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 3, 2022)'; Defendant and the Court were unable to locate any such case; counsel admitted not checking citations and attributed it to outside counsel; Court ordered show cause under Rule 11.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "安吉丽卡·E·克鲁兹等人。诉美利坚合众国", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对理由是“肯尼迪诉美国，2022 WL 17684317，*4（C.D. Cal. 2022 年 10 月 3 日）”；被告和法院无法找到任何此类案件；律师承认没有检查引文并将其归咎于外部律师；法院根据规则 11 下令出示理由。", "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Howell Management Services, LLC v. Vashisht-Rota", "url": "/documents/1247/Howell_Management_Services_LLC_v_Vashisht-Rota_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Three of the five cases the appellant cited do not exist; the court found multiple cited authorities were fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed statutory language to Code Civ. Proc. § 724.010(c) that the statute does not contain (‘performance of an obligation other than that specified in the judgment’). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited two existing cases but the cases do not contain the language or support the legal points she ascribed to them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Howell Management Services, LLC 诉 Vashisht-Rota", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人所举的五个案件中，有三个不存在；法院发现多个引用的权威都是捏造的。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将法定语言归因于《公民法典》。过程。 § 724.010(c) 条文不包含（“履行判决中指定的义务以外的义务”）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了两个现有案例，但这些案例不包含她所赋予的语言或支持其法律观点。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Fine and adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "64235 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "In re: Nupeutics Natural, Inc.; Gladstone v. Peatross", "url": "/documents/1164/Gladstone_-_Nupeutics_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Motion paraphrased Rule 9006(b)(1) inaccurately regarding the court's authority to extend time for excusable neglect; Court noted the wording differed from the actual rule. || Fabricated: Case Law | AI generated a nonexistent case cited in the motion; Court could not locate any authority and counsel admitted AI produced it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited In re Caneva for a Pioneer/ excusable-neglect proposition; Court found Caneva does not discuss Pioneer and the citation was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Local Bankruptcy Rule 1001-2 was cited as supporting a substantive 'technical failures' rule, but the Rule actually concerns amendments by General Order; Court found the characterization incorrect.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于：Nupeutics Natural, Inc.；格莱斯顿诉皮特罗斯", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：法律规范|动议对第 9006(b)(1) 条规则的解释不准确，涉及法院因可原谅的疏忽而延长时间的权力；法院指出，措辞与实际规则不同。 ||捏造：判例法|人工智能生成了动议中引用的一个不存在的案例；法院找不到任何权威机构，律师也承认是人工智能制作的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师在卡内瓦一案中引用了先锋/可原谅的疏忽主张；法院认定卡内瓦没有讨论先锋公司，并且引文被误用。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|地方破产规则 1001-2 被引用为支持实质性“技术故障”规则，但该规则实际上涉及一般命令的修正案；法院认为该描述不正确。", "court": "S.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE; Bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "950 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Juan Villalovos-Gutierrez, et al. v. Gerard Van De Pol (1)", "url": "/documents/1150/Villalovos_v._van_de_pol_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation “Ho v. Ernst & Young LLP, 2011 WL 7106622, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2011)” to be incorrect or not supporting the asserted proposition; flagged as possibly fictitious or mis-cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed “Lobaton v. City of San Diego, No. 3:15-cv-1416-GPC-DHB, *2020 WL 7334512, at 4 (S.D. Cal. Dec. 14, 2020)” appeared to be mis-cited or not a real/accurate authority for the proposition offered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified “Gonzalez v. CoreCivic, Inc., No. 1:18-cv-00927-DAD-EPG, *2020 WL 4437167, at 3 (E.D. Cal. July 31, 2020)” as having an incorrect citation or not accurately reflecting an order filed in that case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted “Gonzalez v. CoreCivic, Inc., 2020 WL 4037167, at *3 (E.D. Cal. July 17, 2020)” was cited incorrectly or does not match the record in that matter. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation “Chavez v. SolarCity Corp., No. 13-cv-01797-JST, *2015 WL 1520065, at 2 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2015)” to be incorrect or not supporting the explanatory phrase attributed to it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "胡安·比利亚洛沃斯-古铁雷斯等人。诉杰拉德·范德波尔 (1)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|法院认为引文“Ho v. Ernst & Young LLP, 2011 WL 7106622, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2011)”不正确或不支持所主张的主张；被标记为可能虚构或错误引用。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认为“Lobaton 诉圣地亚哥市，No. 3:15-cv-1416-GPC-DHB，*2020 WL 7334512，at 4（S.D. Cal. 2020 年 12 月 14 日）”似乎被错误引用，或者不是所提供主张的真实/准确权威。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认定“Gonzalez v. CoreCivic, Inc., No. 1:18-cv-00927-DAD-EPG, *2020 WL 4437167, at 3 (E.D. Cal. 2020 年 7 月 31 日)”的引文不正确或未准确反映该案中提交的命令。 ||捏造：判例法|法院指出，“Gonzalez v. CoreCivic, Inc., 2020 WL 4037167，at *3 (E.D. Cal. 2020 年 7 月 17 日)”的引用不正确或与该案的记录不符。 ||捏造：判例法|法院认为引文“Chavez v. SolarCity Corp., No. 13-cv-01797-JST, *2015 WL 1520065, at 2 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2015)”不正确或不支持归因于其的解释性短语。", "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Peiman Shayan v. Ebby Shakib", "url": "/documents/1110/Shayan_v._Shakib_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief attributes language about fees and prevailing party status to Gogri v. Jack in the Box Inc., but Gogri does not discuss fees or prevailing party status; court found this fabrication goes beyond paraphrase. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Opening brief quotes a hearing transcript passage presented as from this case but actually from DZCollections v. Abadi (RT 11/09/23); court found the quoted passage was from a different matter and portions were omitted. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief attributes a condensed/reassembled quotation to Berman v. Bromberg that does not appear in the decision in that form; court compared actual text and found the brief's quote improperly compressed and misleading.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佩曼·沙扬 (Peiman Shayan) 诉 艾比·沙基布 (Ebby Shakib)", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|关于 Gogri 诉 Jack in the Box Inc. 案的费用和当事方地位的简短属性语言，但 Gogri 不讨论费用或当事方地位；法院认为这种捏造超出了释义范围。 ||制作：展览和提交|开场摘要引用了本案中的听证会笔录段落，但实际上来自 DZCollections 诉 Abadi (RT 11/09/23)；法院发现所引用的段落来自不同的事物，并且部分内容被省略。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Brief 将 Berman v. Bromberg 的精简/重组引文归咎于该引文并未以该形式出现在判决中；法院比较了实际文本，发现摘要中的引文被不当压缩并具有误导性。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief struck; Monetary sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Kingdom of Sweden v. Samantha Ashhadi Soliman", "url": "/documents/1114/Sweden_v._Ashhadi_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited Southern Cal. Gas Co. v. Public Utilities Com. as holding courts must evaluate standing based on objective evidence; the court noted that Southern Cal. Gas does not discuss standing and thus was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant relied on Patterson v. Superior Court for the proposition that courts cannot presume standing; the court observed Patterson does not address standing and that Patterson was disapproved by Ramirez. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | In her reply brief appellant cited a nonexistent 'Code of Civil Procedure section 2330' claiming it mandates how agency relationships must be established; the court treated this statute as a nonexistent citation. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant misquoted Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, subdivision (f)(2), claiming it bars granting summary judgment while a counter-motion is pending; the court noted the subdivision's actual text differs from appellant's description. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed the sentence 'Standing is a jurisdictional issue that must be addressed before the merits of a case may be reached.' to Apartment Assn. of Los Angeles County, Inc. v. City of Los Angeles; the court found the quoted language does not appear in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant quoted Angelucci v. Century Supper Club as stating 'A plaintiff must have a real, present interest in the outcome – not just a theoretical or governmental interest in enforcing its laws.' The court found the quote is not in Angelucci.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "瑞典王国诉萨曼莎·阿什哈迪·索利曼", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了南加州。天然气公司诉公用事业公司因为审理法院必须根据客观证据评估地位；法院指出，南加州。 Gas 不讨论站立，因此被误用。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人依据帕特森诉高等法院的主张，提出法院不能推定诉讼资格；法院观察到帕特森没有提及资格问题，并且拉米雷斯不同意帕特森。 ||捏造：法律规范|上诉人在其简短的答复中引用了不存在的“民事诉讼法第 2330 条”，声称它规定了必须如何建立代理关系；法院将该法规视为不存在的引证。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|上诉人错误引用了《民事诉讼法》第 437c 条 (f)(2) 款，声称该规定禁止在反动议待决期间作出简易判决；法院注意到该细分的实际文本与上诉人的描述不同。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人将这句话归因于“资格是一个管辖权问题，必须在确定案件的是非曲直之前解决。”前往公寓协会。洛杉矶县公司诉洛杉矶市；法院认为该意见中没有出现所引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|上诉人引用了安杰鲁奇诉世纪晚餐俱乐部一案中的说法，“原告必须对结果有真正的、当前的利益——而不仅仅是执行法律的理论上或政府的利益。”法院发现这句话并非来自安杰鲁奇。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Sebastian Rako v. VMware LLC (1)", "url": "/documents/1093/Rako_v._VMWare_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition briefs cited non-existent case law; Notices of Errata submitted 'corrected' citations that differed substantially from originals; court found likely AI-generated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sebastian Rako 诉 VMware LLC (1)", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的反对意见陈述引用了不存在的判例法；勘误通知提交了与原件有很大不同的“更正”引文；法院发现可能是人工智能生成的引文。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to include a footnote reading 'Located through AI; Checked' for each future citation", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Jane Doe v. Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.", "url": "/documents/1096/Doe_v._Taro_Pharmaceuticals_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Girafa.com, Inc. v. Alexa Internet, Inc., which the court was unable to locate and appears nonexistent; court ordered plaintiff to explain its origin. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Delacruz v. State Bar of Cal., 2021 WL 326974, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 1, 2021), which the court could not locate and appears nonexistent; court ordered explanation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Jane Doe 诉 Taro Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告援引了 Girafa.com, Inc. 诉 Alexa Internet, Inc.，法院无法找到该网站并且该网站似乎不存在；法院命令原告解释其来源。 ||捏造：判例法|原告引用了 Delacruz v. State Bar of Cal., 2021 WL 326974，at *2（N.D. Cal. 2021 年 2 月 1 日），但法院无法找到该案且似乎不存在；法院下令作出解释。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "Buchanan v. Vuori, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1075/Buchanan_v._Vuori_USA_20_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The motion relies on a cited case that does not exist; Court's research found 2021 WL 4453429 is not a judicial opinion and no Reed v. ZipRecruiter opinion was located. || False Quotes: Case Law | Eight instances where the motion quotes language attributed to real cases but the quoted language does not appear in those cases (court identified specific ECF locations).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "布坎南诉 Vuori, Inc.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|该动议所依据的引用案例并不存在；法院的研究发现 2021 WL 4453429 不是司法意见，也没有找到 Reed v. ZipRecruiter 意见。 ||虚假引述：判例法|在八个实例中，动议引用了真实案例中的语言，但所引用的语言并未出现在这些案例中（法院确定了具体的 ECF 地点）。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT-4, OpenAI, Claude, Clear Brief, Lexis Nexis & Westlaw", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Motions stricken without leave to refile", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Schlichter v. Kennedy", "url": "/documents/1039/Schlichter_v._Kennedy_USA_17_November_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited nonexistent 'Estate of Layton (1938) 29 Cal.App.2d 599' for a proposition about life tenants; court found no such reporter/page case and the actual Estate of Layton cases do not support the proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited nonexistent 'Riddle v. Harmon (1865) 5 Cal. 491, 494' as recognizing a life-estate vs cash-assets distinction; court found that citation does not exist and the real Riddle v. Harmon (1980) concerns joint tenancy termination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited nonexistent 'Estate of Kraus (1970) 8 Cal.App.3d 429' for the proposition that assets not in pleadings fall outside probate court jurisdiction; court found the cited reporter/page does not exist and the actual Estate of Kraus (2010) does not support that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited nonexistent 'Estate of Hermon (1973) 16 Cal.App.3d 421' to claim courts construe wills in light of equitable considerations; court found the cited reporter/page does not exist and the actual Estate of Hermon (1995) does not contain 'equitable' analysis.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "施利希特诉肯尼迪案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用了不存在的“Estate of Layton (1938) 29 Cal.App.2d 599”关于终身租户的命题；法院没有发现这样的记者/页面案件，并且实际的雷顿遗产案件也不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|引用不存在的“Riddle v. Harmon”(1865) 5 Cal。 491, 494' 承认生命财产与现金资产的区别；法院认为，引证并不存在，真正的 Riddle v. Harmon (1980) 案涉及联名租赁终止。 ||捏造：判例法|引用不存在的“Estate of Kraus (1970) 8 Cal.App.3d 429”来说明未在诉状中的资产不属于遗嘱认证法院管辖范围的主张；法院发现所引用的记者/页面不存在，并且克劳斯的实际遗产（2010）不支持该主张。 ||捏造：判例法|引用不存在的“Estate of Hermon (1973) 16 Cal.App.3d 421”来声称法院根据公平考虑来解释遗嘱；法院发现所引用的记者/页面不存在，并且实际的 Hermon 遗产（1995）不包含“公平”分析。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction, bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1750 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "title": "Kuigoua v. Park", "url": "/documents/1019/Kuigoua_v_Park_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Demers v. City of Los Angeles, 42 Cal.App.3d 519, 522 (1974),\" which respondents' counsel could not locate and the court found to be a non-existent citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant repeatedly relied on Ladd v. Dart Equipment Corp., 230 Cal.App.3d 1088, 1097–1098 (1991) for a proposition the case does not support; the court found the citation misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "奎古阿诉帕克", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“Demers v. City of Los Angeles, 42 Cal.App.3d 519, 522 (1974)”，但被告律师无法找到该引文，法院认为该引文不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人多次援引 Ladd v. Dart Equipment Corp., 230 Cal.App.3d 1088, 1097–1098 (1991) 来提出本案不支持的主张；法院认为该传票被误用。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Marc Henri David v. George Chiala Farms, Inc.", "url": "/documents/992/David_v._George_Chiala_Farms_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited a nonexistent case 'Morgan v. State of California, 157 Cal. App. 4th 914, 922 (2007)'; the Court found no case of that name and noted the intended citation was Chamberlain v. Cocola Assocs., 958 F.2d 282 (9th Cir. 1992). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel for CDC cited a nonexistent authority 'Humphries v. Rice, 88 Cal. App. 4th 1413, 1424 (2001)'; the Court found the citation incorrect and noted counsel intended to cite Eddy v. Sharp, 199 Cal. App. 3d 858 (1988). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff's counsel misquoted Cal. Civ. Code § 988(c), attributing language to the statute that it does not contain; the Court admonished counsel for the misquotation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马克·亨利·大卫诉乔治·奇亚拉农场公司", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告律师引用了一个不存在的案件“摩根诉加利福尼亚州，157 Cal.”。应用程序。第 4 号 914, 922 (2007)'；法院没有发现该名称的案件，并指出预期引用的是 Chamberlain v. Cocola Assocs., 958 F.2d 282 (9th Cir. 1992)。 ||捏造：判例法| CDC 的律师引用了一个不存在的权威“Humphries v. Rice，88 Cal.”。应用程序。第 4 号第 1413、1424 (2001) 号；法院认为该引文不正确，并指出律师打算引用 Eddy v. Sharp, 199 Cal.应用程序。 3d 858 (1988)。 ||歪曲事实：法律规范|原告律师错误引用了 Cal.公民。 Code § 988(c)，将语言归因于其不包含的法规；法院对律师的错误引用提出了警告。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "County of Los Angeles v. Neill Francis Niblett", "url": "/documents/1000/Los_Angeles_v._Niblett_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Opening brief relied on an excerpt of Scripps Health (pp. 335–336) to assert threats must be immediate; the court explained the cited excerpt does not address that issue. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited a non-existent case 'Montebello Unified School District v. State Board of Education (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1685'; counsel later conceded in a notice of errata that the citation does not appear to exist and attributed its inclusion to AI editing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited 'R.D. v. P.M. (2021) 68 Cal.App.5th 1012', a citation the County could not locate and the court concluded does not exist as presented. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel misrepresented the holding of United States v. Rahimi, stating it invalidated a federal statute when Rahimi actually upheld the statute as applied in that case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited People v. Zermeno as supporting labor-speech protections and the proposition that strongly worded workplace criticism is protected, but Zermeno concerned gang-enhancement issues and does not support those propositions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cited Bookout v. Nielsen at page 1143 to claim reversal for lack of immediacy, but Bookout ends at page 1142 and the Court of Appeal affirmed the restraining order; counsel miscited and mischaracterized the case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "洛杉矶县诉尼尔·弗朗西斯·尼布利特", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|开场简报依赖于 Scripps Health 的摘录（第 335-336 页）来断言威胁必须是立即的；法院解释说，所引用的摘录并未涉及该问题。 ||捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了一个不存在的案件“蒙特贝罗统一学区诉州教育委员会 (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1685”；律师后来在一份勘误表中承认，该引文似乎不存在，并将其包含在内是人工智能编辑的结果。 ||捏造：判例法|开场简报引用了“R.D. v.P.M. (2021) 68 Cal.App.5th 1012'，该县无法找到该引文，法院得出的结论是该引文不存在。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师歪曲了美国诉拉希米案的判决，称其使联邦法规无效，而拉希米实际上维护了该案中适用的法规。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|律师援引《人民诉泽梅诺》一案支持劳工言论保护以及保护措辞强硬的工作场所批评的主张，但泽梅诺关注帮派强化问题，并不支持这些主张。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief引用了第1143页的Bookout诉Nielsen案，声称因缺乏即时性而撤销，但Bookout在第1142页结束，上诉法院确认了限制令；律师错误地引用并错误地描述了案件。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Guardian Piazza D'Oro LLC v. Ward Ozaeta", "url": "/documents/913/Guardian_Piaza_dOro_v._Ward_Ozaeta_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Bledsoe v. Jackman' at the reported citation 94 Cal.App.2d 650; the court was unable to locate that case at the citation (the citation pulls up Goldring v. Goldring), indicating a fabricated or miscited authority", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Guardian Piazza D'Oro LLC 诉 Ward Ozaeta", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人在报告的引文 94 Cal.App.2d 650 中引用了“Bledsoe v. Jackman”；法院无法在传票中找到该案件（传票中提到了 Goldring 诉 Goldring），这表明权威是捏造的或错误的", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Thomas Joseph Goddard v. Sares-Regis Group, Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/910/Goddard_v._Sares_Regis_Group_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Allegation of an 'unprecedented mass recusal of all thirty-nine Contra Costa Superior Court judges on July 24, 2025 (Ex. DD)' presented without support; court treated as unsupported/likely AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Misstatement that Plaintiff's former girlfriend was affiliated with Defendants; court found cited exhibit (Exhibit Q) does not support that affiliation. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Claim of 'ongoing seizure of essential assistive technology devices preventing compliance with court-ordered treatment (Ex. EE)' presented without supporting evidence and characterized as unsupported.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Thomas Joseph Goddard 诉 Sares-Regis Group, Inc. 等", "description_zh": "伪造：展会材料与提交 | 指称「2025年7月24日所有39名康特拉科斯塔高等法院法官史无前例地集体回避」（Exhibit DD）但无任何依据；法院认定该材料缺乏依据，可能为AI生成。|| 歪曲：展会材料与提交 | 声称原告前女友与被告有关联；法院查明原告提交的证据（Exhibit Q）不支持该关联。|| 伪造：展会材料与提交 | 主张「正在扣押必需的辅助技术设备导致无法遵守法院命令的治疗方案」（Exhibit EE）但无任何证据支持，且被定性为缺乏依据。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "Roy J. Oneto v. Melvin Watson, et al.", "url": "/documents/865/Oneto_v._Watson_USA_10_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Ziskind v. Spector' in the brief; the Court found the opinion does not exist and counsel acknowledged it apparently does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Moffitt v. Whiting-Turner' with a non-existent Westlaw citation; the Court determined the case does not exist and counsel acknowledged the error. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Chandhok v. Companion Life Ins. Co.' which the Court found to be a fabricated authority; counsel acknowledged citing a fake case he had not read.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Roy J. Oneto 诉 Melvin Watson 等", "description_zh": "伪造：案例法 | 律师在辩论中引用了「Ziskind v. Spector」案；法院查明该判例不存在，律师承认该判例显然不存在。|| 伪造：案例法 | 律师引用了「Moffitt v. Whiting-Turner」案并附有Westlaw引注；法院查明该案不存在，律师承认该错误。|| 伪造：案例法 | 律师引用了「Chandhok v. Companion Life Ins. Co.」案，法院认定为伪造的权威依据；律师承认引用了其未阅读过的虚假案例。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction, Order to notify client, complete CLE, and Bar informed", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "Support Community v. MPH International", "url": "/documents/1051/Support_v._MPH_International_USA_6_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified and ordered excision of a fabricated California appellate citation that appeared in the brief; court directed removal. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple additional fabricated cases and citations appeared in Defendant's summary-judgment brief and are listed in counsel's Exhibit G; court required these be excised if motion is re-filed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Support Community 诉 MPH International", "description_zh": "伪造：案例法 | 法院识别并命令删除辩论中出现的伪造加州上诉判例；法院指示删除。|| 伪造：案例法 | 被告的简易判决辩论中出现了多起伪造案例和引注，列于律师的Exhibit G；法院要求在重新提交动议时删除。", "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to refile motion without hallucinations; Counsel to send Order to Bar and client", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "In re the Marriage of D.X. and S.P.", "url": "/documents/838/In_re_the_Marriage_of_DX_and_SP_DX_v_SP_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this case to argue suicidal ideation cannot constitute abuse under the DVPA; appellate court found 'Quinn v. Levine (2021) 62 Cal.App.5th 366' to be fictitious/unlocatable and did not rely on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on this authority to support her position on DVPA scope; the court was unable to locate 'In re Marriage of L.B. (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 1076' and treated the citation as incorrect/unreliable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this decision in support of her arguments; the appellate court could not find 'In re Marriage of C.T. and R.T. (2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 982' and rejected reliance on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this Supreme Court authority which the court could not locate as supporting authority; treated as an incorrect citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this case for propositions on abuse/neglect; appellate court could not find 'In re Marriage of Mathews (2005) 133 Cal.App.4th 1407' and did not accept it as authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on this citation for DVPA-related propositions; the court was unable to locate 'In re Marriage of Facter (2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 526' and treated it as erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this case (with inconsistent citations) to support claims about separation/date issues; the appellate court could not locate 'In re Marriage of Manfer (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 925' as cited and noted citation problems.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于 D.X. 与 S.P. 的婚姻案", "description_zh": "伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用本案主张自杀念头不能构成DVPA下的虐待；上诉法院发现「Quinn v. Levine (2021) 62 Cal.App.5th 366」为虚构/无法查找，不予采信。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人依据此权威依据支持其关于DVPA范围的立场；法院无法找到「In re Marriage of L.B. (2018) 30 Cal.App.5th 1076」，认定该引注为不正确/不可靠。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用本判决支持其论点；上诉法院无法找到「In re Marriage of C.T. and R.T. (2017) 12 Cal.App.5th 982」，不予采信。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用本最高法院权威依据，法院无法找到作为支持依据，不予采信。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用本案关于虐待/疏忽的主张；上诉法院无法找到「In re Marriage of Mathews (2005) 133 Cal.App.4th 1407」，不予采信为权威依据。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用此引注关于DVPA相关主张；法院无法找到「In re Marriage of Facter (2016) 1 Cal.App.5th 526」，认定为错误。|| 伪造：案例法 | 上诉人引用本案（引注不一致）支持关于分离/日期问题的主张；上诉法院无法找到所引用的「In re Marriage of Manfer (2006) 144 Cal.App.4th 925」，并指出引注问题。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Munoz v. Lopez", "url": "/documents/837/Munoz_v._Lopez_USA_29_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellants' opening brief cited multiple non-existent cases (respondent asserted seven of eleven cited cases do not exist); the court characterized the appellants' reliance as \"wholly manufactured case law\" and disregarded those authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Munoz 诉 Lopez", "description_zh": "伪造：案例法 | 上诉人开场辩论引用了多起不存在的案例（被上诉人主张十一案中七案不存在）；法院认定上诉人依赖的是「完全捏造的案例法」，不予采信这些权威依据。", "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "title": "Gibralter v. DMS Flowers", "url": "/documents/810/GIBRALTER_LLC_et_al_Plaintiffs_v_DMS_FLOWERS_LLC_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' counsel cited a non-existent case—Innovation Ventures, LLC v. Pitts—with full reporter and pin cite; the Court found the citation fabricated and likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause discharged; Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-15", "title": "Nga Huynh v. Joseph Desimone", "url": "/documents/798/NGA_HUYNH_Plaintiff_and_Appellant_v_JOSEPH_DESIMONE_JR_Defendant_and_Respondent.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent case 'In re Marriage of Handley' to support that the standard of review is abuse of discretion; court identified it as fictitious, noted it was removed in corrected filings, and treated the citation as sanctionable conduct but declined sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent case 'In re Marriage of Akins' to support that substantial wealth disparity factors into forum convenience; court identified it as fictitious, warned against AI-generated fictitious cases, and noted the citation was corrected.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "N.Z. et al. v. Fenix International Ltd. et al. (OnlyFans)", "url": "/documents/1183/NZ_et_al_v._Fenix_International_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel acknowledged one fake cite || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel acknowledged several authorities being misrepresented || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Counsel acknowledged one mischaracterisation of a court's past order", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; additional reporting and certification requirements; bar reerral", "monetary_penalty": "13000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Noland v. Land", "url": "/documents/778/Noland_v._Land__2025_Cal._App._LEXIS_584.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited Goldstine v. LibertyMut. Ins. Co., 2020 WL 6216738 (W.D. Wash. 2020), which the court identified as a fabricated (nonexistent) case created by AI. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed a quotation to Schimmel v. Levin (195 Cal.App.4th 81) that does not appear in that opinion; court found the quoted language fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant quoted language attributed to Regency Health Services, Inc. v. Superior Court (64 Cal.App.4th 1496) that does not appear in the opinion; the court concluded the quotation was fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited Peake v. Underwood (227 Cal.App.4th 428) as supporting sanctions for filing a second dispositive motion, but the court does not address that issue; the citation was misused/false. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed words and a sanctions principle to Heckert v. MacDonald (208 Cal.App.3d 832) that do not appear in that opinion; the court found the quotation inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; State Bar notified; opinion to be served on client.", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Yi-Sheng Fang, et al. v. Hechalou US LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/795/Yi-Sheng_Fang_et_al._v._Hechalou_US_LLC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition cited cases that do not exist; Plaintiffs' supplemental declaration identified multiple non-existent cases attributed to AI generation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Opposition included quotations that do not appear in the cited authorities; Notice of Errata flagged four such nonexistent quotations and Plaintiffs identified additional misquotes. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Some cited cases exist but do not contain the quoted language or address the points asserted — the authorities were misrepresented and did not support the proffered propositions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citations to cases that do not exist (AI-generated, non-existent authorities identified by Plaintiffs). || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotations attributed to existing cases that did not contain the quoted language (false quotations identified by Plaintiffs). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citations to existing cases that do not address the point argued (misrepresentation of precedent). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Two instances where case citations were changed for the proffered proposition (mis-citation/misrepresentation).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Order to notify State Bar and compliance declaration", "monetary_penalty": "2418 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-09", "title": "Ariel Mendones, et al. v. Cushman and Wakefield et al", "url": "/documents/828/mendones-v-cushman-wakefield.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Exhibits 6A and 6C are deepfake videos purporting to capture the speech and image of Geri Haas; court found them GenAI-created and not the same person as Ex. 36. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Exhibit 7 is a materially altered photograph (subject stitched into Ring camera image; background/foreground mismatch noted). || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Exhibits 35 and 40 are messaging screenshots that appear AI-generated or materially altered; platform identification and fonts inconsistent between the two. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Metadata submitted with multiple exhibits contained atypical or added fields (e.g., copyright notices, URLs in musical genre), which the court found unreliable and possibly fabricated. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Other testimonial exhibits (Exs. 3, 6B, 21, 27) were found suspicious as to authenticity and reliability of supporting metadata and declarations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Terminating sanction: second amended complaint struck; entire action dismissed with prejudice.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-09", "title": "Teniah Tercero v. Sacramento Logistics, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/777/Tercero_v._Sacramento_Logistics_USA_9_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent Seventh Circuit opinion; court found no such published Seventh Circuit opinion under that citation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attorney attributed a quotation to In re Loudermilch that does not appear there; court found the quoted language actually appears in Seedman (9th Cir.). || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel quoted language about lack of jurisdiction/compelling arbitration and attributed it to Atlantic Marine; the case discusses forum-selection clauses and does not contain the quoted language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed a statement about liberal application of Rule 60(b)(6) to Ackermann; court found Ackermann does not contain that language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Tittjung as stating a judgment is void when rendered by a court lacking jurisdiction; court found Tittjung actually explains lack of subject-matter jurisdiction will not always render a judgment void, so the citation was misleading. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel quoted Beggerly as addressing Rule 60(b)(6); court found Beggerly does not discuss 60(b)(6) and the parenthetical was inaccurate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent Eleventh Circuit opinion; court searched reporters and found no such case or reporter entry.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Order to be server on client; State Bar notified", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "Anthony C. Hill v. Workday, Inc.", "url": "/documents/976/Hill_v._Workday_USA_5_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief included a nonexistent case citation (a 'mashup' citation) that did not match any real opinion; Court treated it as an AI-style fabricated citation and faulted counsel for failing to verify. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel attributed a parenthetical quotation to Mir that misstated the case's holding; Court questioned the accuracy and required explanation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CoCounsel", "outcome": "Order to circulate decision in law firm; CLE", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "Coronavirus Reporter Corporation v. Apple Inc.", "url": "/documents/637/Coronavirus_Reporter_v._Apple_USA_30_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Anti-SLAPP motion cited a non-existent case; court found Klein v. Cheung, 20 Cal. App. 5th 1045 (2018) does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Anti-SLAPP motion cited Aptos Residents Ass’n v. Cnty. of Santa Cruz in a manner unrelated to the issues posited; court found the citation misdirected to different issues. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Anti-SLAPP motion relied on Atari Interactive, Inc. v. Redbubble, Inc., which the court found addressed different issues than those asserted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Anti-SLAPP motion invoked Makaeff v. Trump Univ., LLC for propositions not supported by that case, per the court. || False Quotes: Case Law | Response to OSC attributed a quotation to Hall v. City of Los Angeles that does not appear in the opinion; court identified the quote as hallucinated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Sanctioned to repay opposing party's counsel fees", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "title": "Kessler v. City of Atwater", "url": "/documents/591/Kessler_v._Atwater_USA_11_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Gonzalez v. County of Los Angeles; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: McGill v. City of Redding; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Ramos v. County of Madera; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Yaka v. City of San Jose; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Simmons v. City of Sacramento; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited non-existent case: Kohn v. Kohn; court found no such case exists and appears created out of whole cloth. || False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated quotation attributed to Espindola; court found the quoted language does not appear and the phrase \"place of business\" is absent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated quotation attributed to Harrell; court found the quote does not appear and the word \"arbiters\" is not used in the opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated quotation attributed to City of Montebello v. Vasquez; court found the quoted language does not exist and the term \"tortious\" is not used. || False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated quotation attributed to Navellier; court noted the language does not appear and the case in fact holds the opposite regarding anti-SLAPP. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented Caldwell as supporting liability for intentional torts like defamation/fraud; court noted Caldwell does not address those torts and instead concerns FEHA immunity. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented Turner as eliminating Government Claims Act filing for defamation/fraud; court explained Turner involved premises liability from a shooting and did not address that p", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause issued for potential sanctions", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Gjovik v. Apple Inc.", "url": "/documents/696/Gjovik_v_Apple_Inc.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. California", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanctions imposed, but warning issued", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "title": "Strike 3 Holdings LLC v. Doe", "url": "/documents/351/Strike_3_Holdings_LLC_v_Doe_C.D._California_January_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion cites a non-existent case (Mtn. at 2-3); the Court could not locate it and notes this suggests unverified AI use, warning of possible sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion cites a second non-existent case (Mtn. at 2-3); the Court could not locate it and cautions that further such citations may lead to sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion cites a third non-existent case (Mtn. at 2-3); the Court could not locate it, attributing the issue to likely AI-generated content without verification and warning of sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "C.D. California", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Ulokued", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 114, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "IL", "title": "Israel", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-07-15", "title": "AI and the world of work: A real-time snapshot of how national businesses are adopting AI in Israel", "url": "", "description": "Tools like Israel’s Agile AI Survey are crucial for ensuring that policymakers and others are not operating in the dark.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Amendment to Protection of Privacy Law (5741-1981)", "url": "https://govextra.gov.il/privacy-protection-regulations/privacy-protection-regulations/", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Privacy Protection Bill (Amendment No. 13, formerly No. 14) entered into force. The Bill expands the supervisory powers of the Privacy Protection Authority, which will now have the authority to impose financial sanctions for violations of the Privacy Protection Law. In addition, the Bill establishes the obligation to appoint a privacy protection officer for organisations primarily processing sensitive personal information or the systematic monitoring or tracking of peop...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 June 2022", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding signed between Abu Dhabi and Israel on data and privacy protection", "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/8092022-1", "description": "On 6 September 2022, the Office of Data Protection of the Abu Dhabi Global Market and the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority signed a Memorandum of Understanding to express mutual understanding of the legislative, procedural, and information technology frameworks on data and privacy protection. The Memorandum also seeks to explore best practices in assisting the authorities in improving the delivery of their respective functions, providing mutual training of staff, and exchanging of views o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 April 2023", "title": "EU-Israel Draft Privacy Protection Regulations", "url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/activity/committees/huka/pages/committeematerial.aspx?itemid=2204223", "description": "On 23 April 2023, the Israeli House of Representatives adopted the Privacy Protection Regulations for Data Transfers from the European Economic Area to Israel. The Regulations establish four new obligations for data controllers. In particular, the controllers will be required to delete information, follow retention limitations for information that is not considered necessary, ensure the accuracy of the information and notify the data subjects about the processing of their data. The Regulation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity cooperation in 2030 roadmap for UK-Israel bilateral relations", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2030-roadmap-for-uk-israel-bilateral-relations/2030-roadmap-for-uk-israel-bilateral-relations#cyber", "description": "On 21 March 2023, the governments of the United Kingdom and Israel signed a policy paper entitled “2030 roadmap for UK-Israel bilateral relations”. Under the document, the parties commit to deepening cooperation to promote international security and stability in cyberspace, including through bilateral cooperation on critical national infrastructure and collective efforts to increase mutual resilience against cyber threats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 August 2023", "title": "Policy document on the collection and use of biometric information in the workplace", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/publications/Call_for_bids/biometrid_data_workplace/", "description": "On 18 August 2023, the Israel Privacy Protection Authority (PPA) closed its consultation on the draft policy document on the collection and use of biometric information in the workplace. In particular, the policy document addresses concerns about privacy and security risks posed by collecting and storing employees' biometric data without proper consent. While the PPA does not aim to ban the use of biometric identification for attendance monitoring, it emphasises the need to protect employees'...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 June 2023", "title": "Guidelines on Private Right of Access to Databases held by Entities under Section 13(e) of the Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/departments/publications/reports/right_to_access2023?utm_source=go.gov.il&utm_medium=referral", "description": "On 6 August 2023, the Israel Privacy Protection Authority (PPA) published guidelines on the private right of access to the databases held by entities listed in section 13(e) of the Data Protection Act. In the guidelines, the PPA highlights that individuals have the right to access their information, but the right is not absolute and subject to exceptions. The authorities must assess the justification and proportionality of granting access, especially concerning sensitive databases related to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 August 2024", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority's interpretation of Regulation 2(4) of the Privacy Protection Regulations regarding cross-border data transfer", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/regulation_2_4", "description": "On 8 August 2024, the Privacy Protection Authority closes its public consultation on the draft opinion on the interpretation of Regulation 2(4) of the Privacy Protection Regulations concerning the transfer of data to databases outside Israel. In particular, the draft addresses the conditions under which personal data can be transferred from Israel to another country, focusing on the term \"necessary modifications\" to ensure that the protection level of the data abroad is not lower than that un...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 May 2024", "title": "Guidelines on the challenges of migrating databases and systems to the cloud", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/cloud_databases", "description": "On 5 September 2024, the Israeli government published Guidelines, issued by the Privacy Protection Authority and the Ministry of Justice, discussing the challenges of migrating databases and systems to the cloud, driven by technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cloud computing, which offer benefits such as scalability and connectivity. In particular, the Guidelines address key challenges including, misconfiguration that can expose data to unauthorised access, unsecured Application...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 December 2024", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority Directive No. 1/2024 outlining the responsibilities of the board of directors", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/the_board_role/he/the%20board%20role.pdf", "description": "On 12 September 2024, the Israel Privacy Protection Authority (PPA) published the Privacy Protection Authority Directive No. 1/2024 outlining the responsibilities of the board of directors in companies where personal data processing is core to their operations or poses a high privacy risk. The directive mandates that boards must oversee compliance with data security regulations, ensure the adoption of policies for data management, and immediately report data security incidents to the Privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 September 2024", "title": "PPA Guide on log file retention in databases with medium and high-security levels", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/takana10d", "description": "On 29 September 2024, the Privacy Protection Authority of Israel published the guide to log file retention in databases with medium and high-security levels. The guide applies to companies, businesses, and public entities that manage sensitive databases. The guide sets out the duties of such organisations to retain log files documenting database access for a minimum of two years. The guide also specifies the requirements that logs must capture user identity, date and time of access, system co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 October 2024", "title": "PPA guideline on data transfer outside the borders of the country", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/takana3/he/regulation3.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2024, the Privacy Protection Authority (DPA) adopted the guideline on data transfer outside the borders of the country. The guideline applies to companies and businesses involved in transferring personal information from Israel to entities abroad. The guideline imposes several obligations on database owners, requiring them to ensure that recipients outside Israel implement adequate measures to safeguard the privacy of data subjects. It also requires that personal information wil...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2024", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority guidance on transfer of ownership of data repositories", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/ownership_database_privacy_fina", "description": "On 22 December 2024, the Privacy Protection Authority (PPA) adopted the guidance on the transfer of ownership of data repositories. The guidance outlines the responsibilities of database owners and the conditions under which ownership transfers may occur. It imposes obligations including ensuring the transfer does not alter the purpose of data usage and requiring data subject consent if the purpose changes. It also requires allowing for a simple notification if there is no change in the purpo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 February 2025", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority's guide to privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs)", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/guide_enhancing_technologies", "description": "On 23 February 2025, the Privacy Protection Authority opened a consultation on a Guide to Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs), aiming to provide public bodies, companies, and businesses with insights into digital tools that protect personal information. The guide outlines how PETs can obfuscate personal data, reduce disclosure risks during processing, and enhance control over data access. It categorises technologies by their role in preparing, using, and controlling information throughout i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority statement on implementation of consent principle", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/consent2025", "description": "On 24 March 2025, the Privacy Protection Authority of Israel closes a public consultation on the statement clarifying the application of the consent principle under national data protection laws. The statement reflects the legal interpretation that the Authority will apply in exercising its various statutory powers, including monitoring compliance with the law and its regulations. The statement clarifies the Authority’s interpretation, emphasising that consent must be informed, clearly presen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Privacy Protection Authority's guide pertaining to compliance with Privacy Protection Law's amendment", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/guide_tikon13_professional", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Privacy Protection Authority published a guide on Amendment No. 13 to the Privacy Protection Law, enacted in August 2024, which introduces a reform applying to public and private organisations processing personal data. The amendment updates core definitions, reduces the obligation to register databases, requires notification of large sensitive databases, mandates appointment of Data Protection Officers (DPOs), establishes a financial sanctions mechanism, introduces new ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 August 2025", "title": "Data Protection Regulation Authority investigation into Hot Mobile over alleged failure to comply with removal request", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/enforcementact", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the Privacy Protection Authority issued a ruling against Hot Mobile with a fine of NIS 70,000 over failure to comply with a data removal request. It was highlighted that the company operates in the telecommunications sector, and it used a former customer’s personal data after service termination. It was also highlighted that it sent repeated marketing messages despite deletion requests. The company also failed to meet notification obligations and used the data for purposes ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "Israel - AI Governance and US Tech Investment", "url": "https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/american-ai-leadership-can-o", "description": "Israel is experiencing growing US-led AI infrastructure investment, with efforts to integrate Israeli AI capabilities with American technology. Atlantic Council analysis examines how AI and national security shape US-Israel relations.", "categories": [ "National Security", "US-Israel AI", "Investment" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Government Decision No. 212 – Program for the advancement of innovation, encouragement of high‑tech sector growth and strengthening Israel's technological and scientific leadership (authorized MIST to develop a national AI strategy)", "url": "https://www.gov.il/he/pages/most_policy20210801", "description": "AI law in Israel: Government Decision No. 212 (adopted 1 August 2021) establishes a multi-year national program to promote innovation, accelerate high‑tech sector growth and strengthen Israel’s technological and scientific leadership. The decision tasks the Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology (MIST) and partner ministries and agencies with designing and implementing a national AI program (including initial budgets, infrastructure priorities, human capital and public‑sector use) and authorized development of a national AI strategy and associated coordination structures....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Israel’s Policy on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Ethics (Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology and Ministry of Justice) - 'Responsible Innovation' AI policy", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/policy/ai_23/he/2023%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Regulation%20and%20Ethics%20Policy%20Principles%20Document.pdf", "description": "AI law in Israel: Published in December 2023 by the Israeli Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology together with the Ministry of Justice, the 'Responsible Innovation' policy sets principled, sectoral, risk-based guidance for AI development and use in Israel. It emphasizes a human-centric approach, international alignment, sectoral regulation led by relevant regulators, and pragmatic tools such as sandboxes and soft regulation rather than immediate broad horizontal legislation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "White Paper: Principles of Policy, Regulation and Ethics in Artificial Intelligence (Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology) - (White Paper published for public consultation)", "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/most-news20221117", "description": "AI law in Israel: A white paper published by Israel's Ministry of Innovation, Science and Technology (published for public consultation in late 2022) that sets out policy principles, ethical guidelines and a regulatory policy approach for AI. It recommends a sector-based, risk-driven regulatory strategy, alignment with OECD principles, creation of a government coordination/knowledge center and use of soft/regulatory experiment tools while emphasizing human-centric protections such as transparency, non-discrimination and accountability....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Government Decision No. 173 – Adoption of the National Program for Artificial Intelligence / Strengthening Israel's technological leadership (national AI program approved, budget authorization and implementation roadmap)", "url": "https://library.mevaker.gov.il/sites/DigitalLibrary/Pages/Reports/7944-7.aspx", "description": "AI law in Israel: On 24 February 2023 the Government of Israel adopted Government Decision No. 173, approving a National Program for Artificial Intelligence to strengthen Israel’s technological leadership. The decision authorized a budget commitment authorization of up to NIS 500 million to be realized in 2023–2026, set priorities for accelerating research and building national AI infrastructure, and instructed establishment of a government knowledge/coordination centre for AI implementation and policy coordination. (library.mevaker.gov.il)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs (Ministry of Justice) opinion on the use of copyrighted works for machine‑learning purposes", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/legalinfo/machine-learning/he/machine-learning.pdf", "description": "AI law in Israel: On 18 December 2022 the Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs at Israel’s Ministry of Justice published a non‑binding legal opinion concluding that, in general and subject to caveats, the use of copyrighted works to train machine‑learning systems is permissible under existing provisions of the Israeli Copyright Act (notably fair use, incidental use and transient/ephemeral use). The opinion applies to the training/process stage (not to downstream outputs) and highlights exceptions where permission remains necessary....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Privacy Protection Authority opinion / guidance on algorithmic processing and notification obligations (automated decision‑making guidance)", "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/the_privacy_protection_authority", "description": "AI law in Israel: In July 2022 the Israeli Privacy Protection Authority (PPA) published a formal opinion clarifying the statutory notification duty when collecting and using personal data and set out expanded transparency expectations where processing involves algorithmic or AI-driven automated decision‑making. The guidance emphasizes informed consent, contextual notice, and additional disclosure where automated systems materially affect data subjects....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Interim report on AI regulation in the financial sector (Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs, Ministry of Justice)", "url": "https://kamakama.gov.il/publications/pressreleases/05-11-24/", "description": "AI law in Israel: An interagency interim report published 4 November 2024 by a task force led by the Office of Legal Counsel and Legislative Affairs (Ministry of Justice) together with the Ministry of Finance, Bank of Israel, the Israel Securities Authority, the Capital Market, Insurance and Savings Authority and the Competition Authority. The report is a risk‑based, sector‑specific framework of recommendations for the supervised financial sector addressing explainability, human oversight, privacy, competition, financial stability and supervisory approaches; it was published for public comment (deadline 15 December 2024)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-18", "title": "Israel's Policy on Artificial Intelligence: Regulations and Ethics", "url": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/news/most-news20231218/en/Israels%20AI%20Policy%202023.pdf", "description": "Promotes responsible AI innovation through sector-specific regulation, risk-based approaches, and \"soft\" regulatory tools. Establishes an AI Policy Coordination Center to advise and coordinate AI regulation, fostering international consistency. Recommends adopting ethical AI principles and creating tools for responsible AI development.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 March 2026", "title": "Kibbutz Beit Nir v. Ronen Marciano", "url": "/documents/1861/kibbutz_beit_nir1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the National Labor Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found that submissions contained authorities produced by use of AI that were fabricated or nonexistent. Outcome: Monetary Penalty.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "National Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "2500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 March 2026", "title": "Ben-Cohen v. Municipality of Ramat Gan", "url": "/documents/1788/Ben_Cohen_Israel_22_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Municipality relied on and quoted sections (2.1, 2.3, 4.1) of a non-existent Ministry of Education Director-General Circular 5783/4(a) (1.9.2022); court found the circular and the quoted passages do not exist. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "30000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Natalia Geller v. Eyal Nun, Adv.", "url": "/documents/1819/geller1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Ploni v. Log-On Software Ltd. et al.", "url": "/documents/1533/ploni113.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Regional Labor Court of Tel Aviv-Jaffa. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Regional Labor Court of Tel Aviv-Jaffa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 January 2026", "title": "Tarek Jabarin v. National Insurance Institute", "url": "/documents/1825/jabarin2.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Haifa Regional Labor Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Penalty.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Haifa Regional Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 January 2026", "title": "Cohen v. Egged Transportation Ltd", "url": "/documents/1422/cohen104.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Magistrates Court of Jerusalem. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Order to Amend.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrates Court of Jerusalem", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Amend", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Gonen v. Ashkenazi", "url": "/documents/1397/gonen2.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Tel Aviv Magistrate Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Claim dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tel Aviv Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Claim dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Vanderberg v. Shviro", "url": "/documents/1287/Vanderberg_Israel.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Rehovot Small Claims Court. Fabricated: Case Law | 4 fake citations Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Rehovot Small Claims Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 January 2026", "title": "Alami Nature Electricity Ltd. v. Nof Ganusar Agricultural Cooperative", "url": "/documents/1285/elme_nator.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Nazareth. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Legal costs denied (despite prevailing).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "D. Nazareth", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Legal costs denied (despite prevailing)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 December 2025", "title": "Herzel Hagigi v. Official Receiver", "url": "/documents/1226/Herzel_Hagigi_v._Official_Receiver_Israel_28_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Appeal dismissed, monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed, monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "5000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 December 2025", "title": "Mag 7 Ltd. et al. v. Tederi et al.", "url": "https://www.law.co.il/media/computer-law/mem_gimel_seven.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the District Court, Tel Aviv-Yafo. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Order to amend pleading.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "District Court, Tel Aviv-Yafo", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Order to amend pleading", "monetary_penalty": "10000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 December 2025", "title": "Tsafrir v. Goldberg", "url": "/documents/1818/tsafrir.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 December 2025", "title": "Husni Al Qawasmi Association et al. v. Ziad Oweisat (Sharfi) et al.", "url": "/documents/1241/husni_al_qawasmi_association.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Cohen v. State of Israel et al.", "url": "/documents/1014/cohen102.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Jerusalem District Court. Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Misrepresented exhibits Outcome: AI-generated materials disregarded; Adverse Costs Order; Order to correct filings..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Jerusalem District Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated materials disregarded; Adverse Costs Order; Order to correct filings.", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 November 2025", "title": "534246-07-22", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1005/hotzlap3.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the . Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 November 2025", "title": "Wertheimer v. Ryanair DAC", "url": "/documents/977/Ryanair.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Small Claims Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Costs denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Small Claims Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Lugasi (Aklim Systems) v. Netivot Municipality", "url": "/documents/883/lugasi.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Beersheba Magistrate's Court. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Court noted party used GPT to generate material which included spurious/meaningless citation string presented as authority; court treated the AI‑produced material as unreliable and did not rely on it. Outcome: No reliance on hallucinated material.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Beersheba Magistrate's Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No reliance on hallucinated material", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Sonkin v. Roll Profile Ltd", "url": "/documents/1524/sonkin.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Haifa Labour Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Twenty fabricated citations Outcome: Monetary Fine.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Haifa Labour Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Fine", "monetary_penalty": "2000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 September 2025", "title": "Ilan Harush v. Roee Alfasi", "url": "/documents/1136/harush1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Magistrate's Court, Rehovot. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Disallowed Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrate's Court, Rehovot", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Disallowed Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "Backhoe Center Ltd. v. Abu Gwaid", "url": "/documents/745/digger_center.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Beersheba Magistrate's Court. Fabricated: Case Law | The defendant's closing arguments contained nine citations to court rulings, none of which could be located in any legal database Outcome: Monetary penalty.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Beersheba Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary penalty", "monetary_penalty": "7500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 August 2025", "title": "Givati et al. v. Peri", "url": "/documents/767/givaati.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Magistrate's Court Jaffa. Fabricated: Case Law | In a legal response, the complainant cited several legal precedents (\"מובאות משפטיות\") that could not be located in any official database Outcome: Corrections to filings ordered.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrate's Court Jaffa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Corrections to filings ordered", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 August 2025", "title": "Ploni v. Ashdod Port Company Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1862/ploni115.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Beersheba Regional Labor Court. Outcome: Monetary Sanction, Adverse Costs Order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Beersheba Regional Labor Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction, Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "8000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Meital Kasantini v. Hagiva'a Proyectim Handasiim Ltd", "url": "/documents/705/kasantini.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Ashdod Magistrate Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's statement of claim cited non-existent court decisions generated via AI; counsel admitted this and the court accepted the defendant's factual contention. Outcome: The court imposed a monetary penalty and dismissed the fabricated evidence..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Ashdod Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a monetary penalty and dismissed the fabricated evidence.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "6 August 2025", "title": "Gadban v. Israel Land Authority", "url": "/documents/1817/gadban.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Haifa. Fabricated: Case Law | over 30 judgments that were not located in the legal information systems", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "D. Haifa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 August 2025", "title": "Pinchas v. Supervisor of Insolvency", "url": "/documents/655/pinchas3.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Jerusalem Magistrate's Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 July 2025", "title": "Shenaar v. The Quarries Rehabilitation Fund", "url": "/documents/647/shenaar.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Tel Aviv Labor Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Statement of claim relied on non-existent case law ('פסיקה בדויה'); the court found the sources do not exist and rejected the 'technical error' explanation. Outcome: Motion dismissed, ordered to pay opposing counsel's fees (6k) and fine (2k).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tel Aviv Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion dismissed, ordered to pay opposing counsel's fees (6k) and fine (2k)", "monetary_penalty": "8000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "Zlatin v. Assayag et al", "url": "/documents/656/zlatin.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Jerusalem Magistrate's Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's closing brief cited a non-existent appellate case; the court verified no such proceeding exists. Outcome: The court imposed a monetary penalty on the party responsible for the fabricated citations..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Jerusalem Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a monetary penalty on the party responsible for the fabricated citations.", "monetary_penalty": "25000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Case No. 14748-08-21", "url": "/documents/588/ploni105.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s counsel cited five Israeli Supreme Court decisions that do not exist in legal databases. Outcome: The court dismissed the fabricated evidence and imposed a fine..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court dismissed the fabricated evidence and imposed a fine.", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Plonit et al. v. The Administrator General in the Tel Aviv District et al.", "url": "/documents/657/ploni106.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Family Court in Petah Tikva. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent appellate case was cited to show executor's duty to avoid conflicts; court's database search found no such judgment. Outcome: Monetary Penalty.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court in Petah Tikva", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "7000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Bucher v. Appeals Committee", "url": "/documents/589/boker.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Administrative Court. Fabricated: Case Law | In the response to the motion to dismiss, counsel cited non-existent court decisions purportedly sourced via AI; the court viewed this gravely but imposed no costs after counsel accepted responsibility and apologized. Outcome: Monetary penalty imposed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Administrative Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary penalty imposed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Case No. 525309-08-22", "url": "/documents/565/debtor1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Jerusalem Enforcement and Collection Authority. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Counsel quoted and relied on a non-existent subsection 66א(א1) purportedly barring exit bans below 40,000 NIS absent special reasons; the Court could not locate such subsection or text. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Jerusalem Enforcement and Collection Authority", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Auto Test Ltd. v. Ministry of Transport", "url": "/documents/529/Auto_Test_v._Ministry_of_Transport_Israel_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Tel Aviv-Yafo District Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | Petition and supplemental filing contained numerous incorrect case citations (wrong decisions) linked to AI use; court deemed this improper and denied petitioner costs. Outcome: Motion for Costs denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tel Aviv-Yafo District Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion for Costs denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 June 2025", "title": "Chen v. Vana et al.", "url": "/documents/496/Chen_v._Vana_et_al._Israel_8_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Haifa Magistrate's Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Authorities cited in section 28 of the appeal were nonexistent; the trustee noted they do not appear in Nevo, the Court independently failed to locate them, ordered production, and the appellant admitted they were AI-generated. The Court noted SC guidance that such use can ... Outcome: Appeal was ultimately dismissed on merits; Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Haifa Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Appeal was ultimately dismissed on merits; Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "Ploni v. Wasserman et al.", "url": "/documents/474/Ploni_v._Wasserman_et_al._Israel_1_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT; Google Search in proceedings before the Small Claims Court. Outcome: Monetary Fine.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Small Claims Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; Google Search", "outcome": "Monetary Fine", "monetary_penalty": "250 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "So-and-so v. v. Anonymous", "url": "/documents/456/So-and-so_v._Anonymous_Isreal_26_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Israel. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent case law; the court found some referenced judgments \"do not exist at all\" and warned about uncontrolled AI use. Outcome: AI use was noted by the lower court; no specific sanction for it.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "AI use was noted by the lower court; no specific sanction for it", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 May 2025", "title": "Vechtel et al. v. Gershoni", "url": "/documents/450/Vechtel_et_al._v._Gershoni_Israel_May_25_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Israel. False Quotes: Case Law | The motion included a purported quote from a judgment authored by the presiding judge; the court states that quote does not appear in that judgment. Outcome: Motion denied.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 May 2025", "title": "Ehrlich v. Israel National Academy of Sciences et al.", "url": "/documents/440/Ehrlich_v._Israel_National_Academy_of_Sciences_et_al_Israel_May_18_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Israel. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's filing included many purported 'judgments' that never existed; the Court identified these as AI-generated fabrications and treated the erroneous citations as grounds to deny relief and impose costs. Outcome: Request dismissed on the merits, monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Request dismissed on the merits, monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 May 2025", "title": "Fox v. Assum", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/337/Fox_v._Assum_May_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Israel. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited particulars of an apparently non-existent ('imaginary') judgment; the court said it was not just a wrong case or party names, suspected AI use, and demanded a clearer explanation. Outcome: No formal sanction; request by court for explanation; partial costs awarded against the defendant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No formal sanction; request by court for explanation; partial costs awarded against the defendant", "monetary_penalty": "1200 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Case No. 72079-11-24", "url": "/documents/363/X_v._Y_Israel_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Israel. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited non-existent case law in the 6.5.2025 reply; the court could not locate the citations and counsel admitted on 7.5.2025 they were invented due to a mistakenly filed draft. Outcome: No immediate sanction imposed; the matter was referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration for review and potential action, including referral to the Ethics Committee of the Israel Bar Association.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No immediate sanction imposed; the matter was referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration for review and potential action, including referral to the Ethics Committee of the Israel Bar Association", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "7 May 2025", "title": "Israel v. Ibrahim Mahajneh", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/316/State_of_Israel_v._Ibrahim_Mahajneh_Israel_May_7_2025.pdf", "description": "Prosecutor used Unidentified in proceedings before the Israel. Fabricated: Legal Norm | State relied on s.23(a) of a purported 'Criminal Procedure (Enforcement Powers, Search and Seizure in Computer) Law, 1996' to define 'institutional computer'; the court found no such law exists (AI-generated) and the state admitted the mistake at the hearing. Outcome: No sanction imposed; judge criticized the error as a “disgrace”; granted partial relief to applicant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Prosecutor", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No sanction imposed; judge criticized the error as a “disgrace”; granted partial relief to applicant", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "Anonymous v. Anonymous", "url": "/documents/368/Anonymous_v._Anonymous_Israel_April_29_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Israel. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited several Family Court decisions in the complaint that do not exist; the court could not locate them in legal databases and accepted they were AI-generated. Outcome: Petition dismissed in limine; Plaintiff’s counsel ordered to pay ₪1,500 in personal costs to the state and ₪3,500 to the opposing party.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Petition dismissed in limine; Plaintiff’s counsel ordered to pay ₪1,500 in personal costs to the state and ₪3,500 to the opposing party", "monetary_penalty": "5000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "Shekartz v. Assuta Ashdod Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Israel. Outcome: Monetary sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "7000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2025", "title": "Anonymous v. Anonymous", "url": "/documents/368/Anonymous_v._Anonymous_Israel_April_29_2025.pdf", "description": "Outcome: Application dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 March 2025", "title": "Condominium v. Lati Initiation and Construction Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Outcome: Case dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Israel", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2025", "title": "Ahmad Harsha v. Reuven Bornovski", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/367/Ahmad_Harsha_v._Reuven_Bornovski_Israel_March_2_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the . Outcome: The defendant was given the opportunity to submit amended summaries in response.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "The defendant was given the opportunity to submit amended summaries in response", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "Dog Rights v. Ministry of Agriculture", "url": "/documents/364/Dog_Rights_v._Ministry_of_Agriculture_Israel_February_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Impled in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited multiple judicial proceedings that could not be located in Nevo or on the judiciary website; petitioner failed to append the judgments despite a court directive, leading the Court to infer they do not exist. Outcome: Petition dismissed on threshold grounds for lack of clean hands and inadequate legal foundation. Petitioner ordered to pay costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Impled", "outcome": "Petition dismissed on threshold grounds for lack of clean hands and inadequate legal foundation. Petitioner ordered to pay costs", "monetary_penalty": "7000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 February 2025", "title": "Plonit v. Sharia Court of Appeals", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/235/Anonymous_v._Sharia_Court_Supreme_Court_of_Israel_January_23_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Five references in the petition were to court judgments that do not exist in legal databases, discovered after the Court ordered production of the full decisions. Outcome: Petition Dismissed Outright; Warning re: Costs/Discipline..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Petition Dismissed Outright; Warning re: Costs/Discipline.", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "Hamdan v. the National Insurance Institute", "url": "/documents/366/Hamdon_v._the_National_Insurance_Institute_Israel_December_12_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Magistrate Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent case said to be RA\"A 7739/18 פלוני נ' המוסד לביטוח לאומי as supporting discharge of NII maintenance debt; court could not locate it and counsel admitted the decisions do not exist. Outcome: Petition dismissed; ₪1,000 costs imposed for procedural misconduct and reliance on fictitious case law.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Petition dismissed; ₪1,000 costs imposed for procedural misconduct and reliance on fictitious case law", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 August 2024", "title": "Nitzan v. Adar BaEmakim Properties Ltd.", "url": "/documents/463/Nitzan_v._Adar_BaEmakim_Properties_Ltd_Israel_August_13_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Magistrate Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted-ostensible passage claiming discussion of 'special reason' for extension in CA 9073/07, which the court found does not appear at all in that decision. Outcome: Matter referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Matter referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-22", "title": "Kibbutz Beit Nir v. Ronen Marciano", "url": "/documents/1861/kibbutz_beit_nir1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found that submissions contained authorities produced by use of AI that were fabricated or nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified incorrect summaries and attributions of precedent in AI-generated text (misrepresentation of real case law).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "National Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "2500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-22", "title": "Ben-Cohen v. Municipality of Ramat Gan", "url": "/documents/1788/Ben_Cohen_Israel_22_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Municipality relied on and quoted sections (2.1, 2.3, 4.1) of a non-existent Ministry of Education Director-General Circular 5783/4(a) (1.9.2022); court found the circular and the quoted passages do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Municipality cited 'Family Appeal (ש\"מע) (Center) 31135-07-20' for a supposed determination about 'center of life' and third-party rights; court inspected the judgment and found no such wording or determination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Municipality cited 'ש\"מע (Tel Aviv) 13008-02-21' as holding that custody/parental responsibility is irrelevant to eligibility absent an official dual address; court found the judgment contains no discussion of dual address or such holdings. || Fabricated: Case Law | Municipality quoted a PD citation (PD 47(5) 672, 679 (1993)) and ascribed a quotation about litigation costs to it; court found the cited judgment/quotation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Municipality relied on citation 'מ\"עע2398/12' (dated and respondent details inconsistent) for a procedural-conduct holding; court found the reference and the stated determination were incorrect/mismatched.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "30000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Natalia Geller v. Eyal Nun, Adv.", "url": "/documents/1819/geller1.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Tel Aviv Regional Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "Ploni v. Log-On Software Ltd. et al.", "url": "/documents/1533/ploni113.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Regional Labor Court of Tel Aviv-Jaffa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "2500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-25", "title": "Tarek Jabarin v. National Insurance Institute", "url": "/documents/1825/jabarin2.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Haifa Regional Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-25", "title": "Cohen v. Egged Transportation Ltd", "url": "/documents/1422/cohen104.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Fabricated: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Magistrates Court of Jerusalem", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Amend", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Gonen v. Ashkenazi", "url": "/documents/1397/gonen2.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Tel Aviv Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Claim dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Vanderberg v. Shviro", "url": "/documents/1287/Vanderberg_Israel.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | 4 fake citations", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Rehovot Small Claims Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-11", "title": "Alami Nature Electricity Ltd. v. Nof Ganusar Agricultural Cooperative", "url": "/documents/1285/elme_nator.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Nazareth", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Legal costs denied (despite prevailing)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-28", "title": "Herzel Hagigi v. Official Receiver", "url": "/documents/1226/Herzel_Hagigi_v._Official_Receiver_Israel_28_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Fabricated: Legal Norm || Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed, monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "5000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-14", "title": "Tsafrir v. Goldberg", "url": "/documents/1818/tsafrir.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Husni Al Qawasmi Association et al. v. Ziad Oweisat (Sharfi) et al.", "url": "/documents/1241/husni_al_qawasmi_association.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Cohen v. State of Israel et al.", "url": "/documents/1014/cohen102.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Misrepresented exhibits || Fabricated: Case Law | Submission relied on an invented docket/citation string presented as a precedent; court treated it as fabricated and disregarded it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Jerusalem District Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "AI-generated materials disregarded; Adverse Costs Order; Order to correct filings.", "monetary_penalty": "4000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "title": "Wertheimer v. Ryanair DAC", "url": "/documents/977/Ryanair.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Small Claims Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Costs denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Lugasi (Aklim Systems) v. Netivot Municipality", "url": "/documents/883/lugasi.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Court noted party used GPT to generate material which included spurious/meaningless citation string presented as authority; court treated the AI‑produced material as unreliable and did not rely on it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Beersheba Magistrate's Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No reliance on hallucinated material", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Sonkin v. Roll Profile Ltd", "url": "/documents/1524/sonkin.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Twenty fabricated citations", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Haifa Labour Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Fine", "monetary_penalty": "2000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-28", "title": "Ilan Harush v. Roee Alfasi", "url": "/documents/1136/harush1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Magistrate's Court, Rehovot", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Disallowed Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "title": "Backhoe Center Ltd. v. Abu Gwaid", "url": "/documents/745/digger_center.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The defendant's closing arguments contained nine citations to court rulings, none of which could be located in any legal database", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Beersheba Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary penalty", "monetary_penalty": "7500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-31", "title": "Givati et al. v. Peri", "url": "/documents/767/givaati.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | In a legal response, the complainant cited several legal precedents (\"מובאות משפטיות\") that could not be located in any official database", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Magistrate's Court Jaffa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Corrections to filings ordered", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-17", "title": "Ploni v. Ashdod Port Company Ltd.", "url": "/documents/1862/ploni115.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Beersheba Regional Labor Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction, Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "8000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-12", "title": "Meital Kasantini v. Hagiva'a Proyectim Handasiim Ltd", "url": "/documents/705/kasantini.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's statement of claim cited non-existent court decisions generated via AI; counsel admitted this and the court accepted the defendant's factual contention.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Ashdod Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a monetary penalty and dismissed the fabricated evidence.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-06", "title": "Gadban v. Israel Land Authority", "url": "/documents/1817/gadban.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | over 30 judgments that were not located in the legal information systems", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Haifa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-03", "title": "Pinchas v. Supervisor of Insolvency", "url": "/documents/655/pinchas3.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Fabricated: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Jerusalem Magistrate's Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-27", "title": "Shenaar v. The Quarries Rehabilitation Fund", "url": "/documents/647/shenaar.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Statement of claim relied on non-existent case law ('פסיקה בדויה'); the court found the sources do not exist and rejected the 'technical error' explanation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Tel Aviv Labor Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Motion dismissed, ordered to pay opposing counsel's fees (6k) and fine (2k)", "monetary_penalty": "8000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "title": "Zlatin v. Assayag et al", "url": "/documents/656/zlatin.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's closing brief cited a non-existent appellate case; the court verified no such proceeding exists. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff relied on a non-existent statute; the court noted that a 'Fair Rent Law' has not been legislated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Jerusalem Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court imposed a monetary penalty on the party responsible for the fabricated citations.", "monetary_penalty": "25000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "Case No. 14748-08-21", "url": "/documents/588/ploni105.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s counsel cited five Israeli Supreme Court decisions that do not exist in legal databases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quotes attributed to the supposed Supreme Court decisions were found to be nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | The cited case references showed mismatched docket numbers, party names, content, and P.D. citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The court dismissed the fabricated evidence and imposed a fine.", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Plonit et al. v. The Administrator General in the Tel Aviv District et al.", "url": "/documents/657/ploni106.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent appellate case was cited to show executor's duty to avoid conflicts; court's database search found no such judgment. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent Supreme Court case was cited on executor obligations; court confirmed the citation could not be located in legal databases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent Supreme Court case was cited regarding executor duties; court found no trace of the case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated family court case (Haifa) cited to support neutrality and fiduciary duties; court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated Tel Aviv family court case cited on executor conduct; court determined no such decision exists. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Non-existent scholarly source by Justice Barak on the Trusts Law was quoted for executor neutrality; court could not locate the work or the quote. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Fabricated citation to Barak's book 'Nehmanut' was used to support neutrality; court found no such source/quote. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Fabricated references to Shmuel Shilo's commentary on the Inheritance Law were cited; court found neither the specific quotes nor supporting pages. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Fabricated reference to Shaul Shochat's book on inheritance law was cited for executor duties; court found no such quote. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Fabricated citation to Michael Corinaldi's book on wills was used; court's search yielded no such source/quote. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Fabricated citation to Pinhas Shifman's Family Law treatise supporting neutrality was included; court found no such reference.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court in Petah Tikva", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Penalty", "monetary_penalty": "7000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Bucher v. Appeals Committee", "url": "/documents/589/boker.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | In the response to the motion to dismiss, counsel cited non-existent court decisions purportedly sourced via AI; the court viewed this gravely but imposed no costs after counsel accepted responsibility and apologized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | In the same response, counsel included incorrect references to case law; the court noted the issue but refrained from sanctions given counsel's apology and request not to harm the appellant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Administrative Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary penalty imposed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Case No. 525309-08-22", "url": "/documents/565/debtor1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Counsel quoted and relied on a non-existent subsection 66א(א1) purportedly barring exit bans below 40,000 NIS absent special reasons; the Court could not locate such subsection or text. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Counsel asserted that Amendment 47 to the Execution Law took effect on 15.02.2020 and governs exit-ban thresholds; the Court notes Amendment 47 is from 03.08.2015 and concerns discharge for 'limited means' debtors, not exit bans.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Jerusalem Enforcement and Collection Authority", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "Auto Test Ltd. v. Ministry of Transport", "url": "/documents/529/Auto_Test_v._Ministry_of_Transport_Israel_25_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Petition and supplemental filing contained numerous incorrect case citations (wrong decisions) linked to AI use; court deemed this improper and denied petitioner costs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petition and supplemental filing included many fabricated (non-existent) court decisions due to counsel's AI use; court noted Supreme Court precedent would justify dismissal.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Tel Aviv-Yafo District Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion for Costs denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-08", "title": "Chen v. Vana et al.", "url": "/documents/496/Chen_v._Vana_et_al._Israel_8_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Authorities cited in section 28 of the appeal were nonexistent; the trustee noted they do not appear in Nevo, the Court independently failed to locate them, ordered production, and the appellant admitted they were AI-generated. The Court noted SC guidance that such use can justify dismissal and imposed costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Haifa Magistrate's Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Appeal was ultimately dismissed on merits; Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "3000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Ploni v. Wasserman et al.", "url": "/documents/474/Ploni_v._Wasserman_et_al._Israel_1_June_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Small Claims Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; Google Search", "outcome": "Monetary Fine", "monetary_penalty": "250 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-26", "title": "So-and-so v. v. Anonymous", "url": "/documents/456/So-and-so_v._Anonymous_Isreal_26_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent case law; the court found some referenced judgments \"do not exist at all\" and warned about uncontrolled AI use. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant claimed Courts Law s.68 allows protocol corrections \"at any time\" before final decision; the court held the statute imposes a 10-day limit from service. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant relied on Courts Law s.81 (correction of judgments) to amend a protocol; the court held s.81 is inapplicable to protocol corrections. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Applicant alleged \"manual intervention\" and tampering in the transcript causing omissions and distortions; the court found no specific or material discrepancies and deemed the claim unsupported.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "AI use was noted by the lower court; no specific sanction for it", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-25", "title": "Vechtel et al. v. Gershoni", "url": "/documents/450/Vechtel_et_al._v._Gershoni_Israel_May_25_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | The motion included a purported quote from a judgment authored by the presiding judge; the court states that quote does not appear in that judgment. || Misrepresented: Case Law | The motion attributed legal determinations about amendment of pleadings to that judgment; the court notes the judgment did not address amendment of pleadings at all.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Israel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-18", "title": "Ehrlich v. Israel National Academy of Sciences et al.", "url": "/documents/440/Ehrlich_v._Israel_National_Academy_of_Sciences_et_al_Israel_May_18_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's filing included many purported 'judgments' that never existed; the Court identified these as AI-generated fabrications and treated the erroneous citations as grounds to deny relief and impose costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Israel", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Request dismissed on the merits, monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Case No. 72079-11-24", "url": "/documents/363/X_v._Y_Israel_May_12_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited non-existent case law in the 6.5.2025 reply; the court could not locate the citations and counsel admitted on 7.5.2025 they were invented due to a mistakenly filed draft.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "No immediate sanction imposed; the matter was referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration for review and potential action, including referral to the Ethics Committee of the Israel Bar Association", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "Anonymous v. Anonymous", "url": "/documents/368/Anonymous_v._Anonymous_Israel_April_29_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel cited several Family Court decisions in the complaint that do not exist; the court could not locate them in legal databases and accepted they were AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff's counsel filed different judgments instead of the specific ones cited in the complaint, which were not attached; the court noted the mismatch.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Israel", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Petition dismissed in limine; Plaintiff’s counsel ordered to pay ₪1,500 in personal costs to the state and ₪3,500 to the opposing party", "monetary_penalty": "5000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "title": "Dog Rights v. Ministry of Agriculture", "url": "/documents/364/Dog_Rights_v._Ministry_of_Agriculture_Israel_February_28_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petition cited multiple judicial proceedings that could not be located in Nevo or on the judiciary website; petitioner failed to append the judgments despite a court directive, leading the Court to infer they do not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court stated that, as in Plonit, the petition included quotes that 'never existed,' indicating likely AI-generated sourcing.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Impled", "outcome": "Petition dismissed on threshold grounds for lack of clean hands and inadequate legal foundation. Petitioner ordered to pay costs", "monetary_penalty": "7000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-12-12", "title": "Hamdan v. the National Insurance Institute", "url": "/documents/366/Hamdon_v._the_National_Insurance_Institute_Israel_December_12_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent case said to be RA\"A 7739/18 פלוני נ' המוסד לביטוח לאומי as supporting discharge of NII maintenance debt; court could not locate it and counsel admitted the decisions do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent district bankruptcy case allegedly Psh\"r (Tel Aviv) 36227-05-18 פלוני נ' כונס הנכסים הרשמי; court could not locate it and counsel admitted it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent district bankruptcy case allegedly Psh\"r (Haifa) 17433-07-16 פלוני נ' כונס הנכסים הרשמי; court could not locate it and counsel admitted it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a nonexistent district bankruptcy case allegedly Psh\"r (Be'er Sheva) 29271-10-16 פלוני נ' כונס הנכסים הרשמי; court could not locate it and counsel admitted it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel mischaracterized Skok as allowing discharge of a maintenance debt owed to the NII; court held Skok only permits discharge for a debtor’s liability arising from guaranteeing another’s maintenance debt.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Petition dismissed; ₪1,000 costs imposed for procedural misconduct and reliance on fictitious case law", "monetary_penalty": "1000 ILS", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "title": "Nitzan v. Adar BaEmakim Properties Ltd.", "url": "/documents/463/Nitzan_v._Adar_BaEmakim_Properties_Ltd_Israel_August_13_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted-ostensible passage claiming discussion of 'special reason' for extension in CA 9073/07, which the court found does not appear at all in that decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted-ostensible passage claiming discussion on cross-examining a court expert or sending clarification questions (including a second round) in case 3312/04; the court found no such discussion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted-ostensible passage claiming discussion of extending time to submit clarification questions after an expert’s cross-examination in case 8493/06; the court found no such discussion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted-ostensible passage claiming discussion on the importance of efficient management of planning-and-building cases in case 9656/05; the court found no such discussion. || False Quotes: Legal Norm | Misquoted legal norm: counsel placed quotation marks when citing Regulation 528 to the Civil Procedure Regulations, 1984, but the text was not an accurate quote. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented parties: party names did not match the case number in the citation for CA 9073/07. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented parties: party names did not match the case number in the citation for case 8493/06. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misrepresented parties: party names did not match the case number in the citation for case 9656/05. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misidentified judge: the cited reference listed an incorrect judge name for case 3312/04. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incorrect decision dates were provided for the cited authorities; dates did not correspond to the actual decisions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Magistrate Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Matter referred to the Legal Department of the Court Administration", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "title": "Kibbutz Beit Nir v. Ronen Marciano", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1861/kibbutz_beit_nir1.pdf", "date": "22 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ben-Cohen v. Municipality of Ramat Gan", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1788/Ben_Cohen_Israel_22_March_2026.pdf", "date": "22 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Natalia Geller v. Eyal Nun, Adv.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1819/geller1.pdf", "date": "19 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ploni v. Log-On Software Ltd. et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1533/ploni113.pdf", "date": "12 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tarek Jabarin v. National Insurance Institute", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1825/jabarin2.pdf", "date": "25 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cohen v. Egged Transportation Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1422/cohen104.pdf", "date": "25 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gonen v. Ashkenazi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1397/gonen2.pdf", "date": "22 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vanderberg v. Shviro", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1287/Vanderberg_Israel.pdf", "date": "12 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Alami Nature Electricity Ltd. v. Nof Ganusar Agricultural Cooperative", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1285/elme_nator.pdf", "date": "11 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Herzel Hagigi v. Official Receiver", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1226/Herzel_Hagigi_v._Official_Receiver_Israel_28_December_2025.pdf", "date": "28 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tsafrir v. Goldberg", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1818/tsafrir.pdf", "date": "14 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Husni Al Qawasmi Association et al. v. Ziad Oweisat (Sharfi) et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1241/husni_al_qawasmi_association.pdf", "date": "3 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cohen v. State of Israel et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1014/cohen102.pdf", "date": "12 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wertheimer v. Ryanair DAC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/977/Ryanair.pdf", "date": "1 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lugasi (Aklim Systems) v. Netivot Municipality", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/883/lugasi.pdf", "date": "15 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sonkin v. Roll Profile Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1524/sonkin.pdf", "date": "29 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ilan Harush v. Roee Alfasi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1136/harush1.pdf", "date": "28 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Backhoe Center Ltd. v. Abu Gwaid", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/745/digger_center.pdf", "date": "1 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Givati et al. v. Peri", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/767/givaati.pdf", "date": "31 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ploni v. Ashdod Port Company Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1862/ploni115.pdf", "date": "17 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Meital Kasantini v. Hagiva'a Proyectim Handasiim Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/705/kasantini.pdf", "date": "12 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gadban v. Israel Land Authority", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1817/gadban.pdf", "date": "6 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pinchas v. Supervisor of Insolvency", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/655/pinchas3.pdf", "date": "3 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Shenaar v. The Quarries Rehabilitation Fund", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/647/shenaar.pdf", "date": "27 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Zlatin v. Assayag et al", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/656/zlatin.pdf", "date": "11 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Case No. 14748-08-21", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/588/ploni105.pdf", "date": "9 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Plonit et al. v. The Administrator General in the Tel Aviv District et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/657/ploni106.pdf", "date": "3 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bucher v. Appeals Committee", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/589/boker.pdf", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Case No. 525309-08-22", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/565/debtor1.pdf", "date": "30 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Auto Test Ltd. v. Ministry of Transport", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/529/Auto_Test_v._Ministry_of_Transport_Israel_25_June_2025.pdf", "date": "25 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chen v. Vana et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/496/Chen_v._Vana_et_al._Israel_8_June_2025.pdf", "date": "8 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ploni v. Wasserman et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/474/Ploni_v._Wasserman_et_al._Israel_1_June_2025.pdf", "date": "1 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "So-and-so v. v. Anonymous", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/456/So-and-so_v._Anonymous_Isreal_26_May_2025.pdf", "date": "26 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vechtel et al. v. Gershoni", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/450/Vechtel_et_al._v._Gershoni_Israel_May_25_2025.pdf", "date": "25 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ehrlich v. Israel National Academy of Sciences et al.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/440/Ehrlich_v._Israel_National_Academy_of_Sciences_et_al_Israel_May_18_2025.pdf", "date": "18 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Case No. 72079-11-24", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/363/X_v._Y_Israel_May_12_2025.pdf", "date": "12 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Anonymous v. Anonymous", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/368/Anonymous_v._Anonymous_Israel_April_29_2025.pdf", "date": "29 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Dog Rights v. Ministry of Agriculture", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/364/Dog_Rights_v._Ministry_of_Agriculture_Israel_February_28_2025.pdf", "date": "28 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hamdan v. the National Insurance Institute", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/366/Hamdon_v._the_National_Insurance_Institute_Israel_December_12_2024.pdf", "date": "12 December 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nitzan v. Adar BaEmakim Properties Ltd.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/463/Nitzan_v._Adar_BaEmakim_Properties_Ltd_Israel_August_13_2024.pdf", "date": "13 August 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 155, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "376" }, { "id": "AU", "title": "Australia", "entries": [ { "title": "AI Policy overhauled with new Impact assessment tool and Procurement guidance | Digital Transformation Agency", "url": "https://www.dta.gov.au/media-releases/ai-policy-overhauled-new-impact-assessment-tool-and-procurement-guidance", "description": "Define clear objectives and a develop a business case. Objectives should focus on outcomes rather than prescribing a single technical solution. Review relevant policies, laws and frameworks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Transparency Statement", "url": "https://www.fedcourt.gov.au/about/corporate-information/ai-statement", "description": "As required by the Plan, a Chief AI Officer will be appointed by July 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Practice Note (GPN-AI)", "url": "https://www.fedcourt.gov.au/law-and-practice/practice-documents/practice-notes/gpn-ai", "description": "2026 · 2 - 27 March · 27 July - 28 August · 2 - 27 November · 2027 · 22 February - 19 March · 26 July - 27 August · 1 - 26 November · Daily Court Lists Select a state: Select state · ACT · NSW · NT · QLD · SA · TAS · VIC · WA · Select a state registry to view the current court list: Select a state registry to view the current court list.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Federal Court Practice News Issue 130 - April 2026 Generative Artificial Intelligence Practice Note (GPN-AI) | Legal Aid WA", "url": "https://www.legalaid.wa.gov.au/lawyers/alerts/federal-court-practice-news-issue-130-april-2026-generative-artificial-intelligence", "description": "This content is for Legal Aid WA staff and approved external users. More information is available on the Law Hub webpage · Please log in to continue", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Statement from the CEOs of ARC and NHMRC: Policy on use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in grant applications and assessment | NHMRC", "url": "https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/news-centre/statement-ceos-arc-and-nhmrc-policy-use-generative-artificial-intelligence-grant-applications-and-assessment", "description": "Both organisations will continue to monitor developments in this rapidly evolving area and update their policies as required. The policies come into effect on Tuesday 28 April 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Guide – Privacy risks associated with the use of generative AI tools", "url": "https://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/resources/guide-privacy-risks-associated-use-generative-ai-tools", "description": "This guide supports agencies in understanding key privacy risks that may arise through the adoption of generative AI tools, as well as suggested mitigations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Policy on Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Grant Applications and Peer Review | NHMRC", "url": "https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/resources/policy-use-generative-artificial-intelligence", "description": "This revised Policy applies to all peer review conducted for NHMRC MREA grant schemes from 28 April 2026.As GenAI is a rapidly evolving field, NHMRC will maintain a watching brief and update this Policy when required.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Policy on Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the ...", "url": "https://www.arc.gov.au/system/files/2026-04/arc-ai-policy-2026.1-1.pdf", "description": "1 The policy takes effect from 28 April 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "ARC–NHMRC Joint Statement on Generative AI use | Australian Research Council", "url": "https://www.arc.gov.au/publications/arc-nhmrc-joint-statement-generative-ai-use", "description": "Policy on Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the ARC's grants programs – 2026", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Attorney-General’s Department Artificial Intelligence Transparency Statement | Attorney-General's Department", "url": "https://www.ag.gov.au/about-us/accountability-and-reporting/attorney-generals-department-artificial-intelligence-transparency-statement", "description": "The Attorney-General’s Department Artificial Intelligence Transparency Statement outlines the department’s commitment to responsible AI use, detailing technologies, governance, data privacy, and continuous improvement in alignment with government policies on AI transparency and ethics.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-10", "title": "OECD Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) for global tax transparency", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/oecd-presents-new-transparency-framework-for-crypto-assets-to-g20.htm", "description": "On 10 October 2022, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) presented a new global tax transparency framework for the cross-border reporting and exchange of information regarding crypto-assets. The Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) was created in response to a request from the G20 to develop an international framework for information exchange regarding crypto-assets for the purpose of preventing the use of crypto-assets in tax evasion. The CARF will be presente...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-26", "title": "OECD Report on Dark Commercial Patterns", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/digital/dark-commercial-patterns-44f5e846-en.htm", "description": "On 26 October 2022, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issued a report on dark commercial patterns. The report highlights the issues surrounding consumers who might be tricked, deceived or manipulated into making certain decisions that are not always beneficial to them. In its report, OECD defines \"dark commercial patterns\" and sets out possible regulation and enforcement mechanisms that could support consumer protection agencies and businesses alike in mitigati...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-29", "title": "Digital Assets (Market Regulation) Bill 2023", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=s1376", "description": "On 29 March 2023, Digital Assets (Market Regulation) Bill 2023 was introduced in the Australian Senate. The Bill aims to create a regulatory framework for cryptocurrency exchanges, custody services, and stablecoin issuers to safeguard investors' interests and protect consumers. The Bill would require any organisation wishing to operate a cryptocurrency exchange to obtain a licence from the Australian Securities and Investments Commission or possess a foreign equivalent. Furthermore, the Bill ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-29", "title": "AI Safety Institutes: Can countries meet the challenge?", "url": "", "description": "Countries are establishing specialised bodies to evaluate AI systems’ capabilities and risks, and more.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-09", "title": "Australia Voluntary AI Safety Standard (AS ISO/IEC 42001:2023)", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethics-framework/voluntary-ai-safety-standard", "description": "Australia's Voluntary AI Safety Standard provides a set of guardrails that organisations can use to deploy AI safely and responsibly. Based on ISO/IEC 42001, it supports transparency, accountability and risk management for AI systems.", "categories": [ "Standards", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-28", "title": "Privacy Act reform", "url": "https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/albanese-government-strengthen-privacy-protections-28-09-2023", "description": "On 28 September 2023, the Albanese Government announced its commitment to enhancing privacy protections in response to the review of the Australian Privacy Act. The Government's response aligns with the majority of the review's proposals, emphasising the empowerment of individuals with greater control over their privacy. The amendments suggested include requiring entities to seek informed consent regarding handling personal information. The Government also supports stronger protections for ch...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-31", "title": "Data governance measure in corporate plan 2021–22", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/about-us/our-corporate-information/corporate-plans/corporate-plan-202122/", "description": "On 31 August 2021, the Australian Information Commissioner ('AIC') adopted the corporate plan 2021-22. The plan consists of two parts: Part one outlines the priorities, regulatory functions, cooperation with other agencies and environment of the AIC. Part two is dedicated to the ongoing focus on privacy protection, security of personal information and prevention of data breaches as well as the strategic priorities of the AIC. Altogether, the plan intends to strengthen public trust and confide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-22", "title": "OECD Framework for Classifying AI Systems", "url": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/cb6d9eca-en.pdf?expires=1645723466&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=AB12D0A34098757CE09C40B2A4278B72", "description": "On 22 February 2022, the OECD.AI Network of Experts has published a framework that aims to help policymakers categorise various types of applied AI systems. The framework aids in the classification of AI applications based on their potential influence on persons, society, and the environment.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-16", "title": "ACSC Recommendation to enhance cybersecurity due to Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/acsc/view-all-content/advisories/2022-02-australian-organisations-should-urgently-adopt-enhanced-cyber-security-posture", "description": "On 16 March 2022, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) updated its recommendations to Australian organisations, encouraging the enhancement of cybersecurity measures. In particular, the ACSC warns of a heightened global cyberthreats due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Therefore, the ACSC considers the risk of cyberattacks on Australian networks as increased and details potential threats and recommendations to allow Australian organisations to better defend themselves.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-21", "title": "Legislation to combat harmful disinformation and misinformation online", "url": "https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/fletcher/media-release/new-disinformation-laws", "description": "On 21 March 2022, the Autralian Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts announced new legislation to combat harmful disinformation and misinformation online. The new legislation will expand the powers of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) in order to hold large digital platforms accountable for harmful content. The ACMA will be given expanded data-gathering powers to encourage platform openness and to increase access to Australia-specific d...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-04-24", "title": "Streaming Services Reporting and Investment Scheme", "url": "https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/have-your-say/streaming-services-reporting-and-investment-scheme", "description": "On 24 April 2022, the consultation on the Streaming Services Reporting and Investment Scheme aimed at supporting Australian content closes. The scheme would oblige companies providing Subscription Video on Demand services to annually report both investments made in Australian content and strategies to increase Australian content offers to the government. Companies investing less than 5% of their local revenue in Australian content could receive a formal request from the Federal Minister for C...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-05", "title": "ASIC v RI Advice on management of cybersecurity risks", "url": "https://download.asic.gov.au/media/zhodijpp/22-104mr-2022-fca-496.pdf", "description": "On 5 May 2022, the Federal Court of Australia handed down a judgment in the case of the Australian Securities and Investments Committee (ASIC) v RI Advice Group, a financial advisor company. The Court ruled that RI Advice had failed to have the proper documentation and controls in place to constitute adequate cybersecurity risk controls after a number of cybersecurity incidents had potentionally compromised the personal data of thousands of clients. Basing its order on the consent of the part...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-10", "title": "Amendments to Telecommunications Regulations 2021", "url": "https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/rowland/media-release/changes-protect-consumers-following-optus-data-breach", "description": "On 6 October 2021, the Australian government announced plans to amend the Telecommunications Regulations 2021. The decision comes following the data breach at Optus, an Australian telecommunications company. In particular, the Amendment would enable telecommunication firms to cooperate with financial firms and state agencies to reduce the risks of cyberattacks and address vulnerabilities. In cases where an entity identifies a possible fraud or scam or suspects that a data breach will occur or...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-12-10", "title": "Prudential Regulation Authority inquiry into RACQ's cyber risk mitigation system", "url": "https://www.apra.gov.au/news-and-publications/apra-requires-racq-to-implement-a-risk-transformation-program", "description": "On 12 October 2022, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) announced that it issued an order to the Royal Automobile Club of Queensland (RACQ) requiring it to create and implement its own cyber risk information program. This comes after a review of RACQ practices was undertaken by the APRA, and significant weaknesses in their system were found. The APRA found that the RACQ had no real framework for detecting and mitigating cyber risks or an internal compliance framework. The RA...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-01", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (Article 12.7)", "url": "https://rcepsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Chapter-12.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) entered into force for ten original parties: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The RCEP was signed by Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Chapter 12 of the RCEP regulates Electronic Commerce. In particular, Article 12.15 on Cross-...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-31", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Australia-UK FTA", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/uk-trade-deal-delivers-today", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement entered into force. The Agreement includes a Chapter on Digital Trade regulating, among others, cross-border transfer of information by electronic means. The provision on cross-border transfer of information recognises that each party may have its own regulatory requirements concerning the transfer of information by electronic means, but also establishes that the parties may not prohibit or restrict the cross-border transfer of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "Consolidated Industry Codes of Practice for the Online Industry under the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-commissioner-makes-final-decision-on-world-first-industry-codes#:~:text=Australia's%20eSafety%20Commissioner%20has%20made,illegal%20and%20harmful%20content%20online.", "description": "On 1 June 2023, Australia's eSafety Commissioner issued its decision on the Industry Codes of Practice for the Online Industry submitted for registration by industry associations. The Commissioner decided not to register two of the eight online safety codes it had received, arguing that they failed to provide appropriate community safeguards to deal with illegal and harmful content online. The rejected safety codes include the Designated Internet Services code, which covers apps, websites, an...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-13", "title": "OECD paper on Artificial Intelligence Language Models", "url": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/ai-language-models_13d38f92-en", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published a digital economy paper entitled “AI Language Models: Technological, Socio-Economic and Policy Considerations”. The paper outlines the AI language model and natural language processing (NLP) landscape with policy responses from different countries. Furthermore, the paper explores the basic building blocks of language models from a technical perspective using the OECD Framework for the Classification ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-17", "title": "Safe and responsible AI in Australia", "url": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/husic/media-releases/action-help-ensure-ai-safe-and-responsible", "description": "On 17 January 2024, the Australian Government released an Interim Response to the Safe and Responsible AI Consultation. The report outlines Australia's commitment to establishing an advisory body aimed at mitigating the risks associated with artificial intelligence. Additionally, the government revealed its plan to collaborate with industry bodies to implement a set of guidelines. These guidelines include initiatives such as encouraging technology companies to label and watermark content gen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-22", "title": "eSafety Commissioner investigation into Twitter over online abuse", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-demands-answers-from-twitter-about-how-its-tackling-online-hate", "description": "On 22 June 2023, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner issued a notice to Twitter requesting information on the policies implemented by the company to prevent and address online hateful conduct on the platform after a surge of complaints and reports of serious online abuse. Twitter faces a daily fine of nearly AUD 700’000 if it fails to respond to the notice within 28 days.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-31", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Australian Privacy Act Reform", "url": "https://www.ag.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-02/privacy-act-review-report_0.pdf", "description": "On 31 March 2023, the Australian Attorney General (AG) closed its consultation on the Privacy Act Review Report. The report follows the October 2021 Discussion Paper and the 2020 Issues Paper on the same matter. The Report contains a series of proposals for the reform of the Privacy Act including a proposal to introduce a mechanism, similar to the GDPR, to assess whether other countries and certification schemes provide substantially similar protection countries and certification schemes as p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-06-15", "title": "Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI)", "url": "https://gpai.ai/", "description": "On 15 June 2020, the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) was created by 15 founding members (Australia, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Korea, Singapore, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union). The GPAI is built around a shared commitment to the OECD Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence and aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice on AI by supporting cutting-edge research and applied activities on AI-related ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-08", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023", "url": "https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/department/media/publications/communications-legislation-amendment-combatting-misinformation-and-disinformation-bill-2023-guidance", "description": "On 6 August 2023, the Australian Government closed its consultation concerning the draft Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023. In particular, the draft bill provides definitions of “misinformation”, “disinformation” and “digital platform services” and establishes which services will be subject to the new framework. The draft bill also brings instant messaging services within the scope of the framework. Further, the bill outlines the typ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-08-17", "title": "Australia joins Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/australia-joins-global-cross-border-privacy-rules-forum", "description": "On 17 August 2022, the Australia Trade and Tourism Minister issued a statement announcing that Australia has joined the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum (CBPR), an initiative promoting the secure international flow of data by establishing certification for adherence to data privacy standards. The Global CBPR Forum expands upon the APEC CBPR and is open to non-APEC members as well.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-09", "title": "Digital Platform Regulators Forum paper on Safe and responsible AI in Australia", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/engage-with-us/submissions/dp-reg-joint-submission-safe-and-responsible-ai-in-australia-discussion-paper", "description": "On 11 September 2023, the Australian Government - Office of the Australian Information Commissioner published the Digital Platform Regulators Forum (DP-REG) discussion paper on safe and responsible AI in Australia for joint submission to the Department of Industry, Science and Resources. The submission underscores the importance of regulatory coordination and adaptation in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by AI, with a focus on consumer protection, competition, media, pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-27", "title": "Guidelines for secure AI system development", "url": "https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/collection/guidelines-secure-ai-system-development", "description": "On 27 November 2023, agencies from 18 countries adopted Guidelines for secure Artificial Intelligence (AI) system development, which the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre and the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency developed. The Guidelines are addressed to various stakeholders, including data scientists, developers, and managers, and suggest incorporating cybersecurity as a fundamental and integral part of AI system development, a \"secure by design\" a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-25", "title": "ACMA investigation into Testra over alleged violation of customer safety and privacy regulations", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-11/Infringement%20Notice%20-TELSTRA%20IPND%2025%20AUGUST%202023_Redacted.pdf", "description": "On 25 August 2023, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) ruled that Telstra, a telecommunications provider, failed to provide accurate details of thousands of customers to the Integrated Public Number Database (IPND) fined the company AUD 306’360. Previously, in 2021, Telstra was penalised AUD 2.5 million for similar non-compliance issues. In September 2022, Telstra disclosed additional errors, including incorrect information for over 19’000 customers between October 2010 a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Singapore-Australia Memorandum of Understanding concerning personal data protection", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Latest-Updates/PDPC-Press-Release-MOU-Signing-with-Mexico-and-Renewal-with-Australia_Final.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2023, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) and Australia's Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) renewed their Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in personal data protection. The MOU encompasses the ongoing exchange of experiences and best practices in data protection. Additionally, the parties commit to sharing information and providing mutual assistance in cross-border personal data incidents that violate their respective data prote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "ACSC guideline on Engaging with Artificial Intelligence (AI)", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/governance-and-user-education/governance/engaging-with-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) under the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) adopted a new guidance on the secure use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The guidance provides advice to medium and large organisations on how to interact with AI securely, outlining potential threats and mitigation strategies. It covers a range of threats including data poisoning, input manipulation attacks, generative AI hallucinations, privacy and intellectual property co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "UK-Australia Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Online Safety and Security", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-australia-cooperation-in-online-safety-and-security-memorandum-of-understanding/uk-australia-cooperation-in-online-safety-and-security-memorandum-of-understanding", "description": "On 20 February 2024, the United Kingdom Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the Australian Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in online safety and security. The agreement covers several digital safety and security issues, including but not limited to child safety, age assurance, technology-facilitated gender-based violence, and addressing harms caused by ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-16", "title": "Social Media Services Online Safety Code under the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://onlinesafety.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/230616_1_SMS-Schedule_REGISTERED-160623.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2023, the Social Media Services Online Safety Code under the Online Safety Act 2021 entered into force. This Code introduces mandatory and optional compliance measures for social media service providers, categorised by their risk profile (Tier 1, Tier 2, Tier 3), to reduce exposure to Class 1A and Class 1B material. The Code aims to create a safe online environment by preventing access to, exposure to, distribution, and online storage of harmful content, in particular focusing ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-16", "title": "Equipment Online Safety Code under the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://onlinesafety.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/230616_5_Equip-Schedule_REGISTERED-160623.pdf", "description": "On 16 December 2023, the Equipment Online Safety Code under the Online Safety Act 2021 entered into force. The Code applies to manufacturers, suppliers, and equipment service and installation providers offering services to Australian end users and operating system (OS) providers. It categorises devices into three tiers based on their level of interaction, portability, and ability to browse the internet. Interactive (Tier 1) devices are personal, portable, user-interactive, and designed for ge...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "title": "eSafety Commissioner investigation into Google regarding measures implemented to address terror and violent extremism content", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-03/BOSE-responses-to-mandatory-notices-tvec-March2025.pdf?v=1741671874366", "description": "On 6 March 2025, the eSafety Commissioner published the transparency report summarising Google's responses on tools, policies, and measures to detect and prevent terrorist and violent extremist (TVE) content and mitigate online radicalisation risks. The report evaluates Google's approaches, including proactive detection, user reporting, moderator resourcing, and risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and recommender systems. The report summarised Google’s policies regarding TVE co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "title": "OPC Accession to Global Cooperation Agreements for Privacy Enforcement (CAPE)", "url": "https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2024/an_240409/", "description": "On 9 April 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) officially joined the Global Cooperation Agreements for Privacy Enforcement (Global CAPE). This is required as part of Canada's Membership in the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum (Global CBPR), which it entered in April 2022 alongside other nations including Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, and the United States, with Mexico and the United Kingdom joining subsequently. The Global CAPE...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/global-leaders-agree-to-launch-first-international-network-of-ai-safety-institutes-to-boost-understanding-of-ai", "description": "On 21 May 2024, Australia, Canada, the European Union, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Singapore, the United States of America and the United Kingdom signed the Seoul Statement of Intent toward International Cooperation on AI Safety Science. The statement builds on previous discussions from the 2023 artificial intelligence (AI) Safety Summit. In particular, the parties agreed to adopt policies to support AI Safety Institutes, promote international scienti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-20", "title": "Korea-OECD Digital Society Initiative", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184525&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 20 May 2024, Korea and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) officially launched the Digital Society Initiative. This initiative aims to establish a permanent cooperative network among OECD member countries and Korea focused on digital norms, including policies regulating artificial intelligence (AI). The initiative will function as a global policy platform, enabling countries to share cases and policies related to the digital economy. Participating countries wi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-24", "title": "Global Online Safety Regulators Network position statement on regulatory coherence and coordination", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/new-cross-border-roadmap-to-regulate-online-harms", "description": "On 24 May 2024, the Global Online Safety Regulators Network adopted a position statement on regulatory coherence and coordination. The network aims to improve online protection against child sexual abuse, sextortion scams and deepfakes through international coordination on regulations and enforcement. The statement includes four main collaboration areas. In particular, the parties will coordinate on regulatory tools such as risk assessments and transparency reporting and share information to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "title": "Online industry binding codes on protection of children from harmful content", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/industry/codes/register-online-industry-codes-standards", "description": "On 13 December 2024, the eSafety Commissioner extended the deadline for the online industry to submit final drafts of enforceable codes from 19 December 2024 to 28 February 2025. These codes aim to shield children from exposure to graphic pornography and other harmful content, including material related to suicide, serious illness, self-harm, and disordered eating. While focusing on pornography, the codes will also address content related to suicide, serious illness, self-harm, and disordere...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "ACMA investigation into Telstra over alleged breach of telecommunications privacy requirements", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-07/Telstra%20Limited_Remedial%20Direction_17%20May%202024_Redacted.pdf", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) issued a direction requiring Telstra to enhance compliance with telecommunications privacy regulations. The direction provided that Telstra must reconcile customer data in its systems with data in the White Pages and directory assistance databases to identify and remove any unlisted numbers improperly published by 1 July 2024 and that the reconciliation must be repeated biannually. The direction also stated that by 1 Sep...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Data protection regulation in Agreement on Electronic Commerce", "url": "https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/INF/ECOM/87.pdf&Open=True", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the Co-Convenors of the Initiative on E-commerce, Australia, Japan and Singapore, announced that the parties agreed on the stabilised text of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce. The agreement includes measures on personal data protection. Under the agreement, the parties commit to adopting or maintaining a legal framework aimed at protecting the personal data of electronic commerce users. It also encourages the development of mechanisms to ensure compatibility between diffe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Agreement on Electronic Commerce", "url": "https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/INF/ECOM/87.pdf&Open=True", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the Co-Convenors of the Initiative on E-commerce, Australia, Japan and Singapore, announced that the parties agreed on the stabilised text of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce. The Agreement includes measures on cybersecurity. In particular, the parties commit to enhancing national cybersecurity incident response capabilities, increasing collaboration to mitigate cyber threats, and promoting the sharing of information for improved awareness and best practices. The Agreemen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-26", "title": "Measures on cross-border data transfer in Agreement on Electronic Commerce", "url": "https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/INF/ECOM/87.pdf&Open=True", "description": "On 26 July 2024, the Co-Convenors of the Initiative on E-commerce, Australia, Japan and Singapore, announced that the parties agreed on the stabilised text of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce. The Agreement includes provisions specifying that it does not restrict a party adopting it from implementing measures to protect personal data and privacy, including rules for cross-border data transfers. However, the parties must ensure that their laws allow for such transfers under conditions that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-09", "title": "OECD inquiry into establishing risk thresholds for advanced AI systems", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/seeking-your-views-public-consultation-on-risk-thresholds-for-advanced-ai-systems-deadline-10-september", "description": "On 10 September 2024, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) closes a public consultation on establishing risk thresholds for advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The consultation focuses on the potential approaches, opportunities, and limitations in establishing risk thresholds for advanced AI systems. The consultation focuses on AI systems that may pose significant risks and seeks to gather information on thresholds that could trigger actions when these ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "Guide to Privacy Impact Assessments for AI Systems", "url": "https://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/news/open-consultation-guide-undertaking-privacy-impact-assessments-ai-systems-and-projects", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the Information and Privacy Commission (IPC) of New South Wales closes consultation for feedback on its newly developed Guide to undertaking Privacy Impact Assessments (PIA) on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and projects. The Guide supports agencies in New South Wales and focuses on understanding, assessing, and mitigating privacy risks associated with machine learning and AI development projects which may require PIAs. The Guide is designed to complement existing P...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/toc_pdf/24115b01.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/0000%22", "description": "On 11 December 2024, the Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 enters partially into force. The Act expands the OAIC’s enforcement powers, allowing it to issue mid-tier civil penalties for privacy breaches and low-level civil penalties for administrative violations. The Privacy Commissioner is authorised to develop APP codes when directed by the Minister, while industry-proposed codes require the Commissioner’s approval. Furthermore, the Act amends the Commissioners' enforcement po...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-10", "title": "ACSC Principles of operational technology cyber security", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/cyber-security-operational-technology", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD's ACSC) adopted the Principles of operational technology cyber security, providing guidance aimed at bolstering the cyber security of critical infrastructure's operational technology (OT) systems and online supply chains. This initiative, developed in consultation with industry and endorsed by international intelligence partners, introduces a set of principles aimed to assist leaders, developers, and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "OAIC Guidance on Privacy and Developing and Training Generative AI Models", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/guidance-on-privacy-and-developing-and-training-generative-ai-models", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner issued guidance on privacy considerations for developing and training generative artificial intelligence (AI) models. The guidance outlines measures to address privacy concerns and the potential for bias in AI outputs. It emphasises the importance of using accurate, high-quality datasets, conducting testing, and providing disclaimers to address risks associated with AI's probabilistic nature. Developers are required to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-29", "title": "AISC inquiry into AI governance in financial services", "url": "https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/news-centre/find-a-media-release/2024-releases/24-238mr-asic-warns-governance-gap-could-emerge-in-first-report-on-ai-adoption-by-licensees/?altTemplate=betanewsroom", "description": "On 29 October 2024, the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) adopted a report noting the importance of updating governance frameworks in line with the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by financial services and credit licensees. The report followed ASIC's first market review, which highlighted a potential governance gap as AI use accelerates, particularly noting that nearly half of the 23 licensees reviewed lacked policies addressing consumer fairness or bias. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner investigation into Bunnings Group use of facial recognition technology", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/privacy-commissioner-statement-on-administrative-review-tribunals-bunnings-decision", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Privacy Commissioner issued a statement on the administrative review tribunal’s decision on Bunnings’ use of facial recognition technology (FRT) under the Privacy Act. The Tribunal found that Bunnings’ use of FRT to address significant retail crime and protect staff and customers could be justified due to the scale of violence and theft in its stores and the security safeguards in place. However, it upheld earlier findings that Bunnings failed to properly notify customers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-19", "title": "OAIC guidance on use of facial recognition technology by private sector organisations", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/organisations/facial-recognition-technology-a-guide-to-assessing-the-privacy-risks", "description": "On 19 November 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) issued guidance for private sector organisations using facial recognition technology (FRT) in commercial or retail settings. This guidance aims to ensure compliance with the Australian Privacy Principles (APP) set out in the Privacy Act 1988. It outlines the sensitive nature of biometric data and the need for robust protection against misuse, loss, and unauthorised access. The guidance emphasises adopting a “pri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-16", "title": "Singapore-Australia Memorandum of Understanding on facilitating AI adoption", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/singapore-and-australia-expand-cooperation-on-ai-with-new-memorandum-of-understanding/", "description": "On 16 December 2024, Singapore's Ministry of Digital Development and Information and Australia's Ministry for Industry and Science signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to reaffirm their commitment to facilitate artificial intelligence (AI) adoption. This MoU expands the scope of collaboration between the two countries. Its key objectives are promoting responsible AI, including the development and adoption of ethical governance frameworks, sharing best practices across government, resear...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-30", "title": "NSA-ACSC-CCCS-NCSC guidelines on content credentials to strengthen multimedia integrity in generative artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/governance-and-user-education/artificial-intelligence/strengthening-multimedia-integrity-in-the-generative-ai-era", "description": "On 30 January 2025, the National Security Agency (NSA), the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), and United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) adopted guidelines on content credentials to strengthen multimedia integrity in generative artificial intelligence. The guidelines focus on verifying the authenticity of digital content through the use of content credentials. These guidelines recommend the ad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-02", "title": "Southern State Government order blocking use of DeepSeek on government systems and mobile devices", "url": "https://www.premier.sa.gov.au/media-releases/news-items/deepseek-banned-from-sa-government", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the South Australian Government adopted an order blocking the use of DeepSeek from state government networks and devices due to security and privacy concerns. The order mandates the removal of DeepSeek from all South Australian Government devices and prohibits its use on government networks. The order was adopted following an assessment by the Department of Home Affairs that DeepSeek poses an unacceptable risk to government security and privacy. The Department of Home Affa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "PIPC, CNIL, OAIC, ICO and DPC declaration on AI and data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.cnil.fr/fr/gouvernance-des-donnees-et-ia-cinq-autorites-de-protection-des-donnees-sengagent", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-11-02 for Australia concerning PIPC, CNIL, OAIC, ICO and DPC declaration on AI and data protection regulation. See the linked cnil.fr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-12", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Digital ID Act 2024", "url": "https://www.finance.gov.au/about-us/news/2024/digital-id-act-2024-legislation-coming#:~:text=On%201%20December%202024%2C%20the,ID%20services%20across%20the%20economy.", "description": "On 16 May 2024, the Digital ID Act 2024 entered into force. The Bill expands the Australian Government Digital ID System (AGDIS) to include private sector entities, initially focusing on government services before expanding to include banks, credit card operators, and Australia Post within 2 years. These entities will enable access to services using government-issued Digital IDs and later offer their own accredited Digital ID services. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/toc_pdf/24115b01.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/0000%22", "description": "On 11 December 2024, the Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 entered partially into force. The Act amends the existing privacy regime, including the creation of an \"Eligible Data Breach Declaration\" by the Minister in cases of significant privacy risks. This declaration will specify what personal information is affected, which entities may access or disclose it, and for what permitted purposes, primarily to prevent harm such as identity theft, fraud, or cybersecurity threats. Ent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/toc_pdf/24115b01.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22legislation/bills/r7249_aspassed/0000%22", "description": "On 11 December 2024, the Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 entered partially into force. The Act amends the existing privacy regime, including rules on overseas data flows. These rules require that personal information can only be transferred to countries or binding schemes that provide substantially similar privacy protections as those under the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs). Prior to the Governor-General's designation of a country or scheme for data transfers, the Mini...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "title": "eSafety Commissioner investigation into Reddit on measures addressing violent extremism content and child sexual exploitation", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-03/BOSE-responses-to-mandatory-notices-tvec-March2025.pdf?v=1741671874366", "description": "On 6 March 2025, the eSafety Commissioner published the transparency report summarising Reddit's responses on tools, policies, and measures to detect and prevent terrorist and violent extremist (TVE) content and mitigate online radicalisation risks. The report evaluates Reddit's approaches, including proactive detection, user reporting, moderator resourcing, and risks associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and recommender systems. The report outlines Reddit's approach to detecting and r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-27", "title": "Hosting Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-registers-three-industry-codes-to-protect-children-from-pornography-and-other-age-inappropriate-content", "description": "On 27 December 2025, the Hosting Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under the Online Safety Act 2021 enters into force. The Code was developed by the Australian online industry, including the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA), the Communications Alliance, the Consumer Electronics Suppliers Association (CESA), the Digital Industry Group Inc (DIGI), and the Interactive Games and Entertainment Association (IGEA). It applies to services that store co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Australian Cyber Security Centre guidance on geo-blocking", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/system-hardening-and-administration/network-hardening/geo-blocking-context-realities-risks-and-recommendations", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) released guidance on geographical-based Internet Protocol blocking (geo-blocking). The guidance aims to provide an overview of geo-blocking and emphasises its limitations, highlighting the importance of applying layered cybersecurity measures. It clarifies that Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are unreliable indicators of origin or identity due to techniques such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), cloud services, and compromised inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "European Union-Australia Security and Defence Partnership", "url": "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026/documents/EU-Australia%20Security%20and%20Defence%20Partnership.pdf", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the European Union (EU) and Australia signed the Security and Defence Partnership. The agreement establishes a framework for the two parties to exchange expertise on their respective cybersecurity frameworks and share information to prevent, deter, and respond to malicious cyber activities. The agreement includes provisions for regular consultations on artificial intelligence (AI), including its responsible use in security and defence contexts. Furthermore, the parties will ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-07", "title": "Signals Directorate cybersecurity guidance for small businesses", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/new-guidance-small-businesses-protect-your-devices-and-accounts", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate, in collaboration with the Council of Small Business Organisations Australia (COSBOA) and Cyber Wardens, issued cybersecurity guidance aimed at enhancing device and account security within small businesses. This guidance offers tailored instructions for small enterprises using Apple, Google, and Microsoft operating systems. The initiative highlights practices such as utilising multi-factor authentication, managing passwords securely with pass...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Digital Transformation Agency's technical standard for government's use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.dta.gov.au/blogs/new-ai-technical-standard-support-responsible-government-adoption", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-07-31 for Australia concerning Digital Transformation Agency's technical standard for government's use of Artificial Intelligence. See the linked dta.gov.au source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "eSafety Commissioner's investigation into measures against child sexual exploitation and abuse", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-report-shows-while-tech-giants-have-made-some-progress-they-still-have-a-long-way-to-go-in-stamping-out-online-child-sexual-abuse", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the eSafety Commissioner published the 2nd in a series of 4 transparency reports summarising how 8 technology companies are addressing child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) on their services. The report evaluates responses to legally enforceable periodic transparency notices issued on 22 July 2024 under the Online Safety Act 2021 to Apple, Discord, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Skype, Snap, and WhatsApp. The report focuses on measures to address CSEA material and activity,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-08", "title": "Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/sectoral-ministerial-meetings/general/2025-apec-digital-and-ai-ministerial-statement", "description": "On 4 August 2025, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation adopted the 2025 Digital and AI Ministerial Statement, highlighting the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in driving innovation and addressing socio-economic challenges. The statement emphasises secure and responsible adoption of AI and other digital technologies to enhance productivity, efficiency, resilience, and economic development. It encourages member economies to integrate these technologies with balanced, human-centred approac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-09", "title": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and 17 international cybersecurity organisations' guidance on Software Bill of Materials for cybersecurity", "url": "https://media.defense.gov/2025/Sep/03/2003791481/-1/-1/0/JOINT-GUIDANCE-A-SHARED-VISION-OF-SOFTWARE-BILL-OF-MATERIALS-FOR-CYBERSECURITY.PDF", "description": "On 3 September 2025, the United States' Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and 17 international cybersecurity organisations, including the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, Japan’s National Cybersecurity Office, New Zealand’s National Cyber Security Centre and Korea Internet and Security Agency adopted the guidance on Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) for cybersecurity. The guidance applies to software producer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Social Media Services (Messaging Features) Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Schedule-4A-Social-Media-Services-Messaging-Features-Online-Safety-Code-Class-1C-and-Class-2-Material.pdf?v=1757545913466", "description": "On 9 March 2026, the Social Media Services (Messaging Features) Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) enters into force. The Code applies to private messaging components of social media platforms, focusing on Class 1C and Class 2 harmful material. Unlike other schedules covering entire platforms, it applies solely to instant messaging features that enable private communication between users, excluding public posting functions such as comments or community posts, which are address...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-26", "title": "eSafety Commissioner lawsuit against Anthony Rotondo concerning alleged deepfake image-based abuse on online platforms", "url": "https://www.comcourts.gov.au/file/Federal/P/QUD451/2023/3966827/event/32504669/document/2601985", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Federal Court ordered Anthony Rotondo to pay a civil penalty of AUD 343'500, plus costs, for posting intimate deepfake images of several high-profile Australian women. The respondent originally contravened section 75 of the Online Safety Act of 2021 by posting moving visual images depicting six different women between 2022 and 2023. In addition, Mr. Rotondo contravened sections 80 and 83(3), on two separate occasions, by failing to comply with a removal notice and a ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "Office of the Australian Information Commissioner investigation into Medlab Pathology over alleged data breach", "url": "https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/single/2025/2025fca1224", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the Federal Court of Australia ordered Australian Clinical Labs Limited (ACL), to pay a civil penalty of AUD 5.8 million for contraventions of the Privacy Act 1988. The Court found that ACL failed to take reasonable steps to protect the personal and sensitive health information of more than 223,000 individuals held on computer systems acquired from Medlab Pathology in December 2021. The systems had cybersecurity deficiencies, including outdated antivirus software, weak auth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "title": "Guidance on artificial intelligence and machine learning concerning supply chain risks and mitigation", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/secure-design/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning", "description": "On 16 October 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) issued guidance on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), focusing on supply chain risks and mitigation. The guidance addressed to organisations and personnel involved in the development or deployment of AI and ML systems and components. It highlights potential vulnerabilities across the AI/ML supply chain, covering AI data, ML models, AI software, infrastructure and hardware, and third-party services. Specific dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Guidance on strengthening network infrastructure", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/protecting-devices-systems/hardening-systems-applications/network-hardening/mitigations-for-network-defence", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) published guidance aimed at strengthening the network infrastructure of medium-to-large organisations and government entities. The guidance provides advice for executive and technical staff on protecting internet-facing and internal network devices from unauthorised access, lateral movement, and data exfiltration. It complements existing ASD advice on securing edge devices by extending mitigations across core routing, switching, and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "Amendments to Copyright Laws", "url": "https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/albanese-government-ensure-australia-prepared-future-copyright-challenges-emerging-ai-26-10-2025", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the Attorney-General announced that the Government is consulting on potential updates to Australia’s copyright laws to address challenges arising from artificial intelligence (AI). The Government confirmed it will not introduce a text and data mining exception, which would have allowed AI developers to use creators’ works without payment. The Copyright and AI Reference Group will discuss options to encourage fair and legal access to copyright material for AI use, assess wh...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "title": "United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand joint statement on telecommunications security", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/siteassets/resources/documents/about-ofcom/international/other/joint-statement-6-nov-2025.pdf?v=407308", "description": "On 6 November 2025, telecommunications regulators and agencies of the United Kingdom (Ofcom), the United States (Federal Communications Commission), Canada (Innovation, Science and Economic Development), Australia (Department of Home Affairs), and New Zealand (National Cyber Security Centre) adopted a joint statement reaffirming their shared commitment to strengthened cooperation in response to evolving threats and challenges in the telecommunications sector. The statement underscored their c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Order establishing Australian Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/australia-establishes-new-institute-strengthen-ai-safety", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the Australian Government announced the establishment of the Australian Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI) to support best practice regulation, advise on legislative updates, and support regulatory action. The AISI is intended to provide technical capability for monitoring, testing and analysing emerging AI technologies, and to support the government in identifying future AI-related risks to ensure appropriate protections for the public. The AISI will operate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "eSafety Commissioner-Media Commission Memorandum of Understanding on online safety cooperation", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/australia-and-ireland-deepen-international-cooperation-on-online-harms", "description": "On 4 December 2025, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner and Ireland’s Media Commission signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on online safety cooperation to formalise collaboration on platform accountability and safety by design. The MOU sets out cooperation mechanisms, including research sharing, policy exchange, co-hosted workshops, and support for enforcement and compliance activities within each regulator’s mandate. It outlines shared priorities such as systemic risk reduction, digital ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-12", "title": "Principles for secure integration of AI in operational technology", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/secure-design/operational-technology-environments/principles-for-the-secure-integration-of-artificial-intelligence-in-operational-technology", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) adopted principles for the secure integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in operational technology. The principles provide guidance to critical infrastructure operators regarding the integration of AI into operational technology (OT) environments. Specific principles include understanding the unique risks of AI and their potential impact on OT, considering the u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "eSafety Commissioner's investigation into use of Grok in X over alleged generation of child sexual exploitation material", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-raises-concerns-about-misuse-of-grok-to-generate-sexualised-content", "description": "On 9 January 2026, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner issued a notice raising concerns over the use of the generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) system Grok on platform X, citing risks of generating sexualised or exploitative content, particularly involving children. The Commissioner stated that, though the number of reports still remained small, there had recently been a rise in reports alleging the generation of sexualised or exploitative imagery relating to the use of Grok. The Commissione...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Global Coalition on Telecommunications' 6G security and resilience principles", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin06_02000338.html", "description": "On 3 March 2026, the telecommunications authorities from Japan, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States adopted the Global Coalition on Telecommunications' 6G security and resilience principles. The principles outline security and resilience considerations that should be incorporated from the early stages of network design, standardisation, and deployment to ensure that 6G infrastructure functions safely and reliably as critical digital infrastructure. The principles reco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Privacy guidance on age assurance technologies", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/262043/OAIC-privacy-guidance-on-age-assurance-technologies.pdf", "description": "On 17 March 2026, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) released privacy guidance on age assurance technologies aimed at organisations and public authorities subject to the Privacy Act (APP entities) that are considering implementing systems involving the collection, use, or disclosure of personal information. The guidance is intended to support compliance with the Privacy Principles (APPs) and to help both regulated entities and third-party providers assess and manage ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "title": "European Union-Australia Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_26_648", "description": "On 24 March 2026, the European Union and Australia concluded negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which includes provisions on digital trade. The agreement prohibits unjustified data localisation requirements, enabling cross-border data flows while preserving personal data and privacy protection. It also removes certain distinctions between online and offline trade, prohibits customs duties on electronic transmissions, and includes provisions on source code, electronic contracts, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Updated Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules System Program Requirements", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/updates-to-the-global-cross-border-privacy-rules-system-strengthen-global-interoperability-and-privacy/", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum updated the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules System Program Requirements (PRs). The PRs apply to organisations seeking certification under the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules System (CBPR System). The PRs increase from 50 to 57 requirements and update 3 existing requirements. The PRs set requirements under the Preventing Harm principle of the Global CBPR Privacy Framework, including obligations for processing sensitive da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Online Safety (Age-Restricted Social Media Platforms) Amendment Rules 2026", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00370/asmade/text", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Online Safety (Age-Restricted Social Media Platforms) Amendment Rules 2026 entered into force, setting out the platform features that trigger age-restriction obligations. The instrument amends the 2025 Rules to specify that an electronic service is classified as an age-restricted social media platform if it includes a recommender feature or a logged-in feature, such as infinite scrolling feeds, user feedback mechanisms like “likes”, or time-limited ephemeral content. The...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "APRA calls for a step-change in AI-related risk management and governance | APRA", "url": "https://www.apra.gov.au/news-and-publications/apra-calls-for-a-step-change-ai-related-risk-management-and-governance", "description": "APRA has called for a step-change in how banks, insurers and superannuation trustees manage AI-related risks as the technology continues to rapidly evolve.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Transparency Statement - DCCEEW", "url": "https://www.dcceew.gov.au/about/commitment/information-public-data/ai-transparency-statement", "description": "This page explains how we are using Artificial Intelligence, in line with the Digital Transformation Agency’s (DTA) Policy for responsible use of AI in government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI for Policy People | Australian Public Service Academy", "url": "https://www.apsacademy.gov.au/resources/ai-policy-people", "description": "This practical AI for public servants workshop delivers tangible insights on how AI tools work and how to apply them. It demonstrates an extensive array of real work use-case examples to seed your ideas.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "New central register of AI transparency statements for Commonwealth entities | Digital Transformation Agency", "url": "https://www.dta.gov.au/articles/new-central-register-ai-transparency-statements-commonwealth-entities", "description": "Upcoming work will also expand on our technical standard for government’s use of artificial intelligence to encompass agentic AI. Details of this addendum are slated to be published in the coming months. The DTA also continues to work towards major deliverables under the AI Plan for the Australian Public Service 2025. This includes establishing an AI Review Committee to enhance whole-of-government oversight. Details of the committee are due mid-2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-31", "title": "How countries are implementing the OECD Principles for Trustworthy AI", "url": "", "description": "Four years on, how are countries putting the OECD AI Principles into practice?", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-09-07", "title": "The Global Partnership on AI takes off – at the OECD", "url": "", "description": "GPAI’s governance bodies – a Council and a Steering Committee – will be supported by a Secretariat housed at the OECD.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-11-05", "title": "How Australia takes a global approach to human-centred AI for maximum benefits", "url": "", "description": "Australia takes a human-centred approach to AI to enhance human, social and environmental wellbeing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Child safety reforms - Early Childhood Education and Care", "url": "https://earlychildhood.qld.gov.au/about-us/strategies-and-initiatives/child-safety-reforms", "description": "To come into effect for Queensland services from July 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2020", "title": "Data protection regime in Australia-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement", "url": "https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/services-and-digital-trade/Pages/australia-and-singapore-digital-economy-agreement", "description": "Implementation of the Digital Trade Agreement between Australia and Singapore, which improves cross-border data flows, removes data localisation measures and establishes commitment on compatible e-payment frameworks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 May 2021", "title": "Local content requirement in Australia Media Reform Green Paper", "url": "https://www.communications.gov.au/have-your-say/new-rules-new-media-landscape-modernising-television-regulation-australia", "description": "The consultation for the Media Reform Green Paper, which suggests to expand the local content requirement for broadcasting services to digital appliances, ends.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 January 2022", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6680", "description": "On 23 January 2022, the Online Safety Act 2021 entered into force. The law creates a notification scheme for cyber abuse by users and requires service providers to respond to a removal notice by the eSafety Commissioner within 24 hours. The law expands the digital services in the scope of this new regulation beyond social media platforms to search engine services and app stores. The law introduces the “Basic Online Safety Expectations for online service providers” which include, among others,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2021", "title": "Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill 2021", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6657", "description": "On 2 December 2021, the Security Legislation Amendment (Critical Infrastructure) Bill 2021 comes into force after receiving royal assent. The Bill expands the sectors that are considered \"critical infrastructure\", including companies that provide data storage or processing services. Moreover, the bill introduces additional cybersecurity obligations for critical infrastructure assets, such as mandatory risk management programs and rules for cyber incident reporting. Finally, the bill improves ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2020", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Joint Statement by Five Eyes Countries, Japan and India on End-To-End Encryption and Public Safety", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/international-statement-end-end-encryption-and-public-safety#_ftnref1", "description": "On 11 October 2020, the Five Eyes Countries, Japan and India release a statement encouraging companies to provide law enforcement access to content for crime prevention and protection of national security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 February 2021", "title": "Treasury Laws Amendment (News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code) Bill 2021 [formerly 2020]", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6652", "description": "The Treasury Laws Amendment (News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code) Bill 2021 is implemented on 2 March 2021, and it goes into effect as Act 21 of 2021 on 3 March 2021. The Amendment modifies the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 to establish a mandatory bargaining code for news media and digital platforms. In particular, media companies are enabled to trigger the negotiation process with digital platforms on any matter related to the news content made available on a digi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2020", "title": "Government response to ACCC digital platforms inquiry", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/focus-areas/digital-platforms/news-media-bargaining-code/concepts-paper", "description": "The ACCC publishes the concepts paper on the mandatory bargaining code including the definition of news, the range of targeted digital platforms, procedures for individual and collective negotiation as well as final arbitration, a transparency mechanism for algorithm changes and minimum standards.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 June 2025", "title": "ACCC digital platform services inquiry 2020-2025", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/about-us/publications/serial-publications/digital-platform-services-inquiry-2020-25-reports/digital-platform-services-inquiry-final-report-march-2025", "description": "On 23 June 2025, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) published the final report of its Digital Platform Services Inquiry, marking the conclusion of a multi-year review of competition and consumer concerns in digital platform markets. The report covers three main themes. It examines international developments in digital competition regulation, explores unfair trading practices and dispute resolution processes, and reviews recent trends in services such as online private m...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2020", "title": "Publication of ACCC Consumer Data Right rules", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020L00094", "description": "The consumer data sharing obligations included in the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission`s (ACCC) Consumer Data Right rules become mandatory.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2021", "title": "Taxation Ruling on software royalties", "url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/pdf?DocID=DTR%2FTR2021D4%2FNAT%2FATO%2F00001&filename=law/view/pdf/pbr/tr2021-d004.pdf&PiT=99991231235958", "description": "The consultation of the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) regarding the Draft Taxation Ruling Income tax: royalties - character of receipts in respect of software (TR 2021 D4), closed on 23 July 2021.\nUnder the new ruling, the scope of software royalties that are relevant for Australian tax purposes is redefined. The previous treaty TR 93/12 would be withdrawn with effect from 1 July 2021.\nThe ruling contains eight examples, five of which are tax-relevant. The (1) license to reproduce software...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 July 2021", "title": "Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (International Production Orders) Bill 2020", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_LEGislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6511", "description": "On 23 July 2021, the Telecommunications Legislation Amendment (International Production Orders) Act 2021 enters into force after receiving Royal Assent. The Act establishes a new system allowing Australian Agencies to issue “international production orders” to communications providers in order to obtain data stored overseas. The agencies conducting criminal investigations can issue orders to companies providing services to at least one Australian resident. In case of noncompliance, communicat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 June 2021", "title": "Special taxation of data flows and digital services measure in Model Reporting Rules for Digital Platforms", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/model-reporting-rules-for-digital-platforms-international-exchange-framework-and-optional-module-for-sale-of-goods.pdf", "description": "The Model Reporting Rules for Digital Platforms ('MRDP') are adopted by the OECD, aiming to establish a global reporting framework in respect of activities being facilitated by such platforms, in particular in the sharing and gig economy. The MRDP outlines the exchange of information on relevant services with jurisdictions. The MRDP consists of a Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on automatic exchange of information on income derived through digital platforms (part I) and an optional...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2021", "title": "Report on the impact of AI on human rights proposing regulation", "url": "https://tech.humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-05/AHRC_RightsTech_2021_Final_Report.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2021, the Australian Human Rights Commission released a report on the effects of technology, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), on human rights. The report follows a previous two-step public consultation and includes 38 recommendations. Most noticeably, the commission recommends the establishment of an AI safety commissioner as well as wide-ranging regulation for facial recognition and biometric technology, among others. Furthermore, people affected by AI are to be more inv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 April 2022", "title": "Lawsuit on classifications of AI systems as inventors of patents under Australian Patent Law (Thaler v. Commissioner of Patents)", "url": "https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/full/2022/2022fcafc0062", "description": "On 13 April 2022, the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia overturned a decision made on 30 July 2021 in Thaler v Commissioner of Patents FCA 879 that an artificial intelligence (AI) system can be named as an inventor on a patent application. With this decision, Full Court found that an AI system cannot be named as an inventor based on the underlying assumption in Australia's patent law was that the inventor was \"a natural person whose ingenuity was to be rewarded by a grant of monopo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 June 2021", "title": "Data governance measure in Ransomware Payments Bill 2021", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r6730_first-reps/toc_pdf/21085b01.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf", "description": "On 21 June 2021, the Ransomware Payments Bill 2021 is introduced in the Parliament of Australia. The Bill aims to establish an obligation for companies to immediately report ransomware payments paid in response to a ransomware attack to the Australian Cyber Security Centre. Additionally, the bill sets out what information has to be included in the notification to report ransomware payments and how that information then in turn can be used by the Australian Cyber Security Centre.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 October 2021", "title": "Data governance measures included in ransomware initiative meeting of 30 countries", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/10/14/joint-statement-of-the-ministers-and-representatives-from-the-counter-ransomware-initiative-meeting-october-2021/", "description": "From 13 to 14 October 2021, 30 countries held a virtual meeting regarding ransomware threats. The countries involved include the USA, Australia, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, Japan, as well as several European countries. Ransomware is encryption software that makes files unusable unless the victim pays a ransom fee. The governments underlined the need for global cooperation in the fight against these risks. Common efforts will target the abuse of financial mechanisms for laundering purp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 August 2021", "title": "Australia court decision on liability of social media platforms for defamatory comments", "url": "https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/cth/HCA//2021/27.html", "description": "On 8 September 2021, the High Court of Australia has found that media companies can potentially be held liable as publishers of defamatory comments on websites and social media platforms. The High Court affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal of New South Wales and rejected the news companies' contentions that they should not be classed as publishers due to lack of intent to post such comments. Specifically, hosts of social media pages can face defamation liability for third-party commen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2021", "title": "Online Privacy Bill 2021 (Enhancing Online Privacy and Other Measures)", "url": "https://consultations.ag.gov.au/rights-and-protections/online-privacy-bill-exposure-draft/", "description": "On 6 December 2021, the public consultation on the exposure draft of the Privacy Legislation Amendment Bill 2021 closed. The bill aims to enhance the privacy protection of individuals in the online sphere by creating a binding online privacy code (OP code) that has to be followed by online platforms, social media organizations, and data brokers. These entities will have to follow new privacy requirements and implement stronger protections for children and vulnerable groups. Furthermore, the a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "OAIC and ICO (Australia and UK) investigation of Clearview AI", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/10/uk-upper-tribunal-hands-down-judgment-on-clearview-ai-inc/", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Upper Tribunal (UT) ruled that Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within the scope of the UK GDPR and confirmed the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) authority to issue the monetary penalty and enforcement notices. The case arose after the ICO fined Clearview GBP 7.5 million and issued an Enforcement Notice in May 2022 for scraping images of UK residents from the internet and social media, uploading them to a global facial recognition da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "CLOUD Act Agreement between USA and Australia", "url": "https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-us-attorney-general-merrick-b-garland-and-australia-attorney-general-mark", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Agreement on Access to Electronic Data for the Purpose of Countering Serious Crime between the United States and Australia was implemented. This Agreement was justified by the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data (CLOUD) Act which was adopted by U.S. Congress in 2018. The Agreement aims to facilitate the flow of electronic data between the countries to prevent, investigate and prosecute serious crimes such as terrorism and child sexual abuse. Furthermore, the Agreeme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity advisory on mitigating Log4Shell and other Log4j-related vulnerabilities", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-356a", "description": "On 22 December 2021, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), alongside the Australian Cyber Security Centre, the United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre, the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security and the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre issued a joint cybersecurity advisory. It outlines details and ways of addressing Apache Log4j software’s vulnerabilities. In particular, the documents list the steps that organizations should implement to limit the risks an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 November 2022", "title": "Electronic Surveillance Reform", "url": "https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-publications/submissions-and-discussion-papers/reform-of-australias-electronic-surveillance-framework-discussion-paper", "description": "On 11 February 2022, the Government of Australia's consultation on its planned reform of electronic surveillance laws closes. One of the significant proposed reforms involves a new and comprehensive definition of 'communication', meant to cover all types of electronic and telecommunications. An updated definition would have consequences for communications providers, resulting in changed obligations to, for example, protect, store, and intercept datasets from communications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 November 2022", "title": "Content liability measures in Social Media (Anti-Trolling) Act", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6831", "description": "On 11 April 2022, the Social Media (Anti-Trolling) Bill 2022 lapsed due to the dissolution of the Australian Parliament. The Bill would have classified providers of social media services as “publishers”, and made them potentially liable for defamatory content published by third parties on their platforms. The Bill specified that in order to avoid liability the platforms needed to implement a complaints scheme, respond to requests from defamed users and have legal representation in Australia....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 January 2022", "title": "Strategic Assessment of the implementation of an economy-wide Consumer Data Right", "url": "https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-01/p2022-242997-outcomes-report_0.pdf", "description": "On 24 January 2022, the Australian Treasury issued a report on the findings of the Consumer Data Right (CDR) Strategic Assessment. The CDR is an initiative within the context of the Digital Economy Strategy, that aims to lay the foundation for a data-driven economy. Notably, the strategic assessment recommends the extension of the scope of application of the CDR to the telecommunications and open finance sectors. If implemented, this extension would enable consumers to have an increased overv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2022", "title": "ACCC lawsuit against Google over collection and use of location data without user consent", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/google-llc-to-pay-60-million-for-misleading-representations", "description": "On 12 August 2022, the Federal Court of Australia fined Google AUD 60 million for misleading users about the location data it collects, stores and uses. The court found that Google did not properly disclose to consumers that both the “Location History” and “Web & App Activity” settings had to be turned off if they did not want the company to collect their data. The Court noted that Google’s actions misled the public as it did not properly inform users that both settings were relevant for the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2022", "title": "ACCC lawsuit against Google for allegedly misleading consumers about expanded use of personal data", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-dismisses-accc-case-against-google", "description": "On 9 December 2022, the Australian Federal Court dismissed a case brought in 2020 by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) against Google for allegedly misleading consumers to obtain their consent to expand the scope of personal information that the platform could collect and combine about consumers’ internet activity, for use by Google, including for targeted advertising. The Court found that the changes to the privacy policy were not misleading because Google had request...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 June 2025", "title": "Office of the Australian Information Commissioner investigation into Facebook regarding alleged disclosure of user information to Cambridge Analytica", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/payments-for-users-impacted-by-the-cambridge-analytica-matter", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) announced that Meta Platforms opened registrations for a AUD 50 million payment program established under the enforceable undertaking accepted by the Australian Information Commissioner on 17 December 2024. The payment scheme provides redress to eligible Australian Facebook users affected by the Cambridge Analytica matter, specifically those whose personal information was disclosed via the “This is Your Digital Life...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 March 2020", "title": "Options paper \"Supporting Australian stories on our screens\"", "url": "https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/have-your-say/supporting-australian-stories-our-screens-options-paper", "description": "On 3 July 2020, the consultation on the “supporting Australian stories on our screens” options paper closes. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) and Screen Australia issued the paper on 15 April 2020. The paper outlines information on the regulatory scope, definitions, implementation strategies and application thresholds, to increase the support for Australian content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 April 2022", "title": "Multinational Advisory on Russian-backed Cybersecurity Threats", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news/2022/04/20/cisa-fbi-nsa-and-international-partners-issue-advisory-demonstrated-threats-and", "description": "On 20 April 2022, several international government agencies issued an advisory warning about Russian-backed cybersecurity threats since the invasion of Ukraine (namely the United States Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, the Australian Cyber Security Centre, the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre, and the United Kingdom National Cyber Security Centre, National Crime Agency...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 April 2022", "title": "ASTRAC guidance on preventing criminal abuse of digital currencies", "url": "https://www.austrac.gov.au/business/how-comply-guidance-and-resources/guidance-resources/preventing-criminal-abuse-digital-currencies", "description": "On 21 April 2022, the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (AUSTRAC) released a guidance for businesses, especially digital currency exchange providers, to detect and prevent abuse of digital currencies. The guidance explains the risks of digital currencies and how criminals can use digital transactions to commit crimes such as money laundering, terrorism financing, tax evasion, while avoiding law enforcement. Given the expansion of digital currency use in Australia, the guidanc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2022", "title": "Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/indo-pacific-economic-framework-negotiations-have-commenced", "description": "On 9 September 2022, negotiations for the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) were officially launched. The IPEF is a modern regional arrangement to build cooperation and economic integration in the Indo-Pacific. It includes thirteen countries: Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. The IPEF negotiations include several areas, including digital trade. In particular, the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 May 2022", "title": "Quadrilateral Dialogue Cybersecurity Partnership", "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/fp/nsp/page1e_000401.html", "description": "On 24 May, the National Center of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity (NISC) announced that Japan, India, the US, and Australia launched a Cybersecurity Partnership. According to the \"Quad Cybersecurity Partnership: Joint Principles\", the countries commit to improving national infrastructure by sharing information on cyber threats, risks and vulnerabilities. Additionally, the countries aim to develop security standards for software developers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 August 2022", "title": "Google v Defteros case regarding the liability of search engine and its \"publisher\" status in defamation law", "url": "https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/showCase/2022/HCA/27", "description": "On 17 August 2022, the High Court of Australia overturned the previous ruling issued by the Victorian Court of Appeal, which found that Google was a publisher and had committed defamation by providing a link to an article about a Victorian criminal lawyer. In particular, the High Court found that the hyperlink that the search engine provides represents a tool to help users get to access websites and stressed that Google is not the publisher of the websites it links in search results and canno...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "eSafety Commissioner notice requiring online platforms to disclose strategies addressing online child sexual exploitation", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/tech-giants-to-face-uncomfortable-truths-as-esafety-compels-them-to-lift-their-game-tackling-child-abuse", "description": "On 24 July 2024, Australia's eSafety Commissioner issued legal notices to online platforms, including Apple, Google, Meta, Microsoft, Discord, Snap, Skype, and WhatsApp. These notices require the companies to report biannually to the regulator on their measures for addressing online child sexual abuse. They must detail their strategies for combating child abuse material, livestreamed abuse, online grooming, sexual extortion, and, where relevant, the creation of synthetic or deepfaked child ab...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 August 2022", "title": "Assessment of Consumer Data Right Expansion to Non-bank lenders", "url": "https://treasury.gov.au/publication/p2022-300402", "description": "On 19 August 2022, the Australian Treasury concluded its sectoral assessment of Consumer Data Right to Open Finance (e.g. non-bank lenders) and subsequently published its final report. \nThe final report, after considering internal feedback as well as public opinion, officially recommends designating non-bank lenders to the Consumer Data Right (CDR). The Treasury considers CDR as an innovative instrument that would empower consumers to utilize data that is already stored about them for their u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2022", "title": "Consumer Data Right (Non-Bank Lenders) Designation 2022", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L01522", "description": "On 26 November 2022, the Consumer Data Right (Non-Bank Lenders) Designation 202” is implemented. The instrument expands consumer data protection obligations to the non‑banking lending sector. Under the instrument, non‑banking lending institutions are designated as data holders and are required to comply with data protection measures. Likewise, data subjects have the right to request access to the stored data and to its deletion. The Government now plans to open a consultation with industry an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 December 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in Privacy Legislation Amendment (Enforcement and Other Measures) Bill 2022", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6940", "description": "On 13 December 2022, the Privacy Legislation Amendment (Enforcement and Other Measures) Bill 2022, increasing penalties for data privacy violations, was implemented after receiving royal assent the day before. The Bill increases the maximum penalty for serious or repeated data privacy breaches from AUD 2.22 million, under current legislation, to AUD 50 million or three times the value of benefits obtained by the misuse of information or 30% of the company's turnover. The penalty amount will b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 September 2022", "title": "Review of Privacy (Credit Reporting) Code 2014", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/updates/news-and-media/credit-reporting-code-review-proposes-strengthened-privacy-protections", "description": "On 20 September 2022, the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) announced it had completed its report on the review of the Privacy (Credit Reporting) Code 2014 (Code), formulating proposals that will be implemented gradually over the next two years through the Code and other OAIC guidelines. The aim was to assess whether the Code provides enough privacy protections and determine if the credit reporting information is regulated in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1988. The report includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 September 2023", "title": "Global Online Safety Regulators Network", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/online-safety-regulators-stand-shoulder-to-shoulder-as-global-network-expands", "description": "On 13 September 2023, in the context of their first meeting, the participating countries announced the admission of the South African Film and Publication Board as well as the Korean Communications Standards Commission to the Global Online Safety Regulators Network. The Network will allow online safety regulators to share information, experience and best practices in order to combat abuse, harmful content and illegal material on social networks.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Location of computing facilities in Australia-UK FTA", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/uk-trade-deal-delivers-today", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement entered into force. The Agreement includes a Chapter on Digital Trade regulating, among others, the location of computing facilities. The provision recognises that the parties may have their own regulatory requirements on the use of computing facilities, but prohibits parties to require a business to use or locate computing facilities in their territory as a condition for conducting business in that territory. However, the part...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Australia-UK FTA", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/uk-trade-deal-delivers-today", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement entered into force. The Agreement includes a Chapter on Digital Trade regulating, among others, the protection of personal information. The provision requires the parties to adopt or maintain a legal framework that provides for the protection of the personal information of the users of digital trade. It also requires the parties to adopt non-discriminatory practices in protecting users of digital trade from personal informatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Australia-UK Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.trademinister.gov.au/minister/don-farrell/media-release/uk-trade-deal-delivers-today", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Australia-United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement entered into force. The Agreement includes a Chapter on Digital Trade regulating, among others, cybersecurity. The provision sets out cooperation areas between the parties, such as capacity building of their cybersecurity authorities on incident response, measures to anticipate, identify, and mitigate malicious intrusions or dissemination of malicious code that affects electronic networks, and exchange of information and best p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "Treasury Laws Amendment (Consumer Data Right) Bill 2022", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Bills_Legislation/Bills_Search_Results/Result?bId=r6950", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Treasury Laws Amendment (Consumer Data Right) Bill 2022 was introduced in the Australian Parliament. The Bill amends the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, which contains the so-called Consumer Data Right (CDR) data-sharing framework that enables consumers in certain sectors, such as banking and energy, to share their data with certain accredited third parties. The Bill seeks to extend this framework by enabling action initiation, which would allow consumers to instru...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 December 2022", "title": "Declaration on Government Access to Personal Data held by Private Sector Entities", "url": "https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0487", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development adopted the Declaration on Government Access to Personal Data held by Private Sector Entities. The Declaration aims to ensure that the access requests are not unreasonable, arbitrary or disproportionate. The Declaration includes guiding principles the states agreed to follow to protect individuals’ privacy, human rights and freedoms when requesting private entities to make the data availabl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2022", "title": "Amendment of the Model Defamation Provisions including intermediary liability", "url": "https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/standing-council-attorneys-general-communique-09-12-2022", "description": "On 9 December 2022, the Australia Standing Council of Attorneys-General approved the final amendments for Part A of the Stage 2 Review of the Model Defamation Provisions, which aim to regulate the liability of internet intermediaries in defamation for the publication of third-party content. Notably, the amendments include conditional, statutory exemptions from defamation liability for a narrow group of internet intermediaries and a new innocent dissemination defence for internet intermediarie...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner cybersecurity investigation into Optus following data breach", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/australian-information-commissioner-takes-civil-penalty-action-against-optus", "description": "On 8 August 2025, the Australian Information Commissioner (AIC) filed civil penalty proceedings in the Federal Court against Singtel Optus Pty Limited and Optus Systems Pty Limited (together, Optus) following an investigation into the data breach disclosed on 22 September 2022. The breach involved unauthorised access to the personal information of about 9.5 million current, former, and prospective customers, with some of this information later released on the dark web. The AIC alleges that be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 July 2023", "title": "Copyright enforcement regime regulation", "url": "https://consultations.ag.gov.au/rights-and-protections/copyright-enforcement-review/", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the public consultation on the review of copyright enforcement regulations governed by the Copyright Act 1968, closed. The Attorney-General's (AG) Department of the Australian Government opened the public consultation to gather information on whether the mechanisms currently in place are appropriate and sufficient to prevent copyright infringement. The consultation was opened in conjunction with the release of a consultation paper that outlines the current copyright regime. I...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 June 2023", "title": "Expansion of ACMA powers to combat harmful online misinformation and disinformation in Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023", "url": "https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/have-your-say/new-acma-powers-combat-misinformation-and-disinformation", "description": "On 6 August 2023, the Australian Government closed its consultation concerning new powers of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) to combat misinformation and disinformation under the draft Communications Legislation Amendment (Combatting Misinformation and Disinformation) Bill 2023. In particular, the draft bill provides the ACMA with powers to gather information from digital platform providers, or require them to keep certain records about matters regarding misinformatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 August 2022", "title": "Basic Online Safety Expectations Regarding Child Sexual Exploitation Material on Platforms", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/tech-platforms-asked-explain-how-they-are-tackling-online-child-sexual-exploitation", "description": "On 29 August 2022, the eSafety Commissioner (eSafety) issued reporting notices to seven online service providers in order to examine the implementation of the \"Basic Online Safety Expectations\"- The Basic Online Safety Expectations ensure that online platforms establish safety practices while also keeping them accountable and transparent, especially when it comes to child sexual exploitation material. This is done through minimum safety requirements, which companies must fulfil if they intend...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 January 2022", "title": "Online Safety (Basic Online Safety Expectations) Determination 2022", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2022L00062", "description": "On 20 January 2022, the Australian Minister for Communications, Urban Infrastructure, Cities and the Arts released the Online Safety (Basic Online Safety Expectations) Determination 2022. The Determination specifies the basic online safety expectations to be fulfilled by social media services, as well as internet and other electronic service providers. These expectations are set out in Article 46 of the Online Safety Act 2021 (Cth) and specified in the Determination. The safety expectations i...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2022", "title": "Regulatory Guidance on Basic Online Safety Expectations", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-07/Basic%20Online%20Safety%20Expectations%20regulatory%20guidance.pdf", "description": "On 25 July 2022, Australia's eSafety Commissioner (eSafety) published Regulatory Guidance on the Basic Online Safety Expectations. The Basic Online Safety Expectations are set out in section 46 of the Online Safety Act 2021 (Cth) and the Online Safety (Basic Online Safety Expectations) Determination 2022, published in January 2022. The Safety Expectations include a range of obligations for online platforms, including minimising illegal and harmful content and protecting children from exposure...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 April 2023", "title": "2023-2030 Australian Cyber Security Strategy Discussion Paper", "url": "https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/reports-and-publications/submissions-and-discussion-papers/2023-2030-australian-cyber-security-strategy-discussion-paper", "description": "On 15 April 2023, the Australian government closed consultations on the 2023 - 2030 Australian Cyber Security Strategy Discussion Paper. The paper discusses existing legislation and previous cybersecurity strategies. It highlights core policy areas to be included in the 2023 - 2030 Strategy, including enhancing regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, improving the security of government systems, using private-public mechanisms, building skills in the workforce, and clarifying a resp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Guidance on Security by Design and Default", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-04/principles_approaches_for_security-by-design-default_508_0.pdf", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the US National Security Agency (NSA), and the cybersecurity authorities of Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands, and New Zealand released a document entitled “Shifting the Balance of Cybersecurity Risk: Principles and Approaches for Security by Design and Default” aiming to provide guidance for technology manufacturers to incorporate Secure-by-Design and Secure-by-Default considerations into their product ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Personal Information Protection in Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (Article 12.8)", "url": "https://rcepsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Chapter-12.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) entered into force for ten original parties: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The RCEP was signed by Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Lao, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. Chapter 12 of the RCEP regulates Electronic Commerce. In particular, Article 12.8 on Online P...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 April 2023", "title": "OECD Report on Moving forward on Data Free Flow with Trust: New evidence and analysis of business experiences", "url": "https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/moving-forward-on-data-free-flow-with-trust_1afab147-en", "description": "On 27 April 2023, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released a report titled \"Moving forward on data free flow with trust: New evidence and analysis of business experiences\", which focuses on private-sector perspectives on privacy and data protection regulations for cross-border data flows. In consultations with the private sector, the OECD's report highlighted challenges faced by businesses related to differing compliance standards and interoperability across c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 October 2023", "title": "OAIC and OPC joint investigation into Latitude Group regarding data breach", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/statements-media-releases/new-zealand-australia-investigation-into-latitude-breach-begins/", "description": "On 10 May 2023, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) and the New Zealand Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) jointly announced the initiation of an investigation into the Latitude group of companies (Latitude) due to a data breach that occurred on 12 March 2023. According to the agencies, the breach caused significant exposure of personal information of citizens of both countries, including drivers licences, passports, and sensitive financial data. The OAIC and OP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 May 2023", "title": "OPC's guidance for privacy in the workplace", "url": "https://priv.gc.ca/en/opc-news/news-and-announcements/2023/an_230529/", "description": "On 29 May 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) issued guidelines for privacy at the workplace. Employers are required to follow privacy laws concerning the collection and use of employee information for payroll, performance management, and workplace safety purposes. The Privacy Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) are two main regulations which must be followed. The laws govern practices including the extent of information c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2023", "title": "National Science and Technology Council Report on Generative AI: Language models and multimodal foundation models", "url": "https://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-05/Rapid%20Response%20Information%20Report%20-%20Generative%20AI.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2023, the National Science and Technology Council published a Report on Generative AI: Language models and multimodal foundation models. The Report aimed to explore the opportunities and risks associated with applying large language models (LLMs) and multimodal foundation models (MFMs) in learning technologies. It also examined strategies adopted by other jurisdictions since the launch of models such as ChatGPT to address the potential impacts of artificial intelligence (AI). Acco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 July 2023", "title": "Strategic Plan for Australia’s Payments System", "url": "https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-06/p2023-404960.pdf", "description": "On 7 June 2023, the Australian Government adopted the Strategic Plan for Australia’s Payments System. The Strategic Plan outlines proposed changes to the current regulatory framework and requirements for ensuring the resilience of the payments system. The key priorities and objectives include promoting a safe and resilient system, addressing cyber risks, updating the regulatory framework, modernising payments infrastructure, and promoting competition and innovation. The plan suggests expandin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 June 2022", "title": "eSafety Commissioner notice requiring online platforms to remove Buffalo attack content", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-takes-further-action-prevent-spread-buffalo-terror-attack-footage", "description": "On 6 June 2022, the eSafety Commissioner issued eight removal notices in relation to material hosted on overseas websites in the wake of the Buffalo attack on 14 May, resulting in material being taken down from four sites. In addition, informal requests were made to Google and Microsoft’s Bing, resulting in the removal of related content from their search results pages.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "APRA prudential standard on operational risk", "url": "https://www.apra.gov.au/news-and-publications/apra-finalises-new-prudential-standard-on-operational-risk", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the new prudential standard with the purpose of enhancing operational risk management for banks, insurers and superannuation trustees, published by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), came into effect. The standard aims to equip these entities to better handle operational risks and effectively respond to business disruptions. It introduces new requirements to address identified weaknesses in existing controls, improve business continuity planning to ensure r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 December 2023", "title": "Global Online Safety Regulators Network statement on Human Rights and Online Safety Regulation", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-09/Position-statement-Human-rights-and-online-safety-regulation.pdf", "description": "On 12 September 2023, in the context of the first meeting, the Global Online Safety Regulators Network adopted its position statement on human rights and online safety regulation. The Network noted the regulation's impacts on the users' human rights and the negative consequences of an unregulated environment. With the statement, the Network committed to developing regulatory measures for the digital environment and upholding human rights principles such as universality, equality, and transpar...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2023", "title": "Standing Council of Attorneys-General Model Defamation Amendment (Digital Intermediaries) Provisions 2023", "url": "https://pcc.gov.au/uniform/2023/pcc-584-d05b.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Standing Council of Attorneys-General (SCAG) adopted the Model Defamation Amendment (Digital Intermediaries) Provisions 2023. The Model Defamation Amendment states that digital intermediaries providing caching, conduit or storage services will not be liable for published defamatory content if they don't have an active role in the publishing, editing, promotion and selection of recipients of the defamatory content. The search engine providers will not be liable if the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2023", "title": "ACMA investigation into Seven Network Operations for alleged breach of online content rules", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2023-10/seven-breaches-online-gambling-advertising-rules", "description": "On 1 November 2023, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) imposed a fine of AUD 13,320 on Seven Network Operations for breaching online content rules. In particular, the ACMA found that the company had shown on its streaming service gambling advertising outside the specified times during live sports coverage.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 July 2024", "title": "ASD guidance on Foundations for Secure-by-Design Practices", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/secure-design-foundations", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Cyber Security Center (ACSC) of the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) published an updated guidance on “Secure-by-Design Foundations” to assist technology manufacturers and consumers on developing and using secure digital products and services. In particular, the guidance identifies the main risks, focus areas, and benefits of six secure-by-design foundations including holistic secure organization, early and sustained security, secure product development, testing, cont...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 October 2023", "title": "Declaration to Promote Global Initiatives Strengthening Online Protection of Minors Against Harmful Content", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/ca-es/comunicacion/Pagines/protección-de-los-menores-en-Internet-frente-a-los-contenidos-pornográficos.aspx", "description": "On 10 November 2023, eight states, including Spain, Germany, Belgium, Australia, Denmark, Estonia, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, signed a declaration at the Paris Peace Forum to promote global initiatives aimed at strengthening the online protection and ensuring a safe digital environment for minors. Under the signed declaration, the parties agreed to focus on addressing cyberbullying, self-harm and excessive screen time. The signatories aim to develop policies that would bu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 November 2023", "title": "Australia-United States Council on Combatting Online Child Sexual Exploitation", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2023/11/18/joint-statement-australia-and-united-states-inaugural-meeting-joint-council", "description": "On 16 November 2023, the United States and Australia Council on Combatting Online Child Sexual Exploitation met for the first time. The parties adopted a declaration reaffirming the initiative's goal of fostering collaboration between the two countries to combat online child exploitation through a comprehensive, victim-centred approach encompassing law enforcement, prevention, research, operations, policy, and safety measures. Under the established Council, the parties aim to develop guidelin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "Consumer protection considerations in Digital Platform Regulators Forum working paper on large language models", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/digital-platform-regulators-release-working-papers-on-algorithms-and-ai", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the Digital Platform Regulators Forum (DP-REG) published a working paper on Large Language Models (LLM) exploring their intersection with the regulatory responsibilities of DP-REG members. Among these responsibilities, consumer protection considerations were highlighted. The paper concluded that Large Language Models (LLMs) pose various threats to consumers, ranging from phishing scams utilising generative AI for authenticity to potential misuses in deceptive AI products ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 November 2023", "title": "Signals Directorate guidelines updating the Essential Eight Maturity Model (E8MM)", "url": "https://cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-11/PROTECT%20-%20Essential%20Eight%20Maturity%20Model%20Changes%20%28November%202023%29.pdf", "description": "On 27 November 2023, the Australian Signals Directorate adopted guidelines updating the Essential Eight Maturity Model (E8MM). The guideline contains recommended cyber security precautions for protecting internet-connected information technology networks against common cyber threats. The recent update in patching guidance emphasises prioritising critical vulnerabilities, particularly those that enable remote code execution or privileged access without user interaction, requiring organizations...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2024", "title": "Australian Treasury Scams Code Framework", "url": "https://treasury.gov.au/consultation/c2023-464732", "description": "On 29 January 2023, the Australian Treasury closed a public consultation for the prospective Scams Code Framework. This initiative entails the introduction of mandatory industry codes with a specific emphasis on banks, digital communications platforms, and telecommunications providers, aiming to address the issue of scam activities within these sectors effectively. The framework is designed to institute clear obligations for these key industries in their collective efforts to combat scams.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 July 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner's public lawsuit against X for failure to comply with transparency notice on addressing online child exploitation", "url": "https://www.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/judgments/Judgments/fca/full/2025/2025fcafc0099", "description": "On 31 July 2025, the Federal Court of Australia (Full Court) dismissed X Corp's appeal against an infringement notice issued by the eSafety Commissioner under the Online Safety Act 2021. The Court found that corporate mergers do not exempt social media service providers or other foreign corporations operating in Australia from regulatory obligations. It concluded that X Corp was required to respond to a transparency notice originally issued to Twitter Inc in February 2023, which requested inf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Sanction on Russian Cybercriminal for their role in Medibank Private", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/cyber-sanction-imposed-russian-cybercriminal-2022-medibank-private-compromise", "description": "On 23 January 2024, the Australian government imposed a cyber sanction under the Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 on Russian national Aleksandr Ermakov for his role in the compromise of Medibank Private in 2022. This sanction, the first of its kind under the Act, was the result of a joint operation by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) and the Australian Federal Police, along with other Commonwealth agencies and international partners. Ermakov has been sanctioned for the unauthorised relea...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Joint Statement on Online Safety and Promoting Children's Rights in the Digital Environment", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-01/SIGNED_eSafety%20statement%20with%20European%20Parlimanet%20Integroup%20on%20Children%27s%20Rights.pdf", "description": "On 24 January 2024, Australia's eSafety Commissioner and the European Parliament Intergroup of Children's Rights adopted a Joint Statement on Online Safety and Promoting Children's Rights in the Digital Environment. The statement outlines a commitment to strengthen international cooperation on this issue, with a focus on coordinating advocacy activities and sharing best practices. The signatories recognise the need for adequate safeguards to protect all users from online harms and promote saf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2023", "title": "Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 (Compilation No. 119)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A02124/2023-07-01/text", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979, along with numerous amendments (Compilation No. 119), officially came into effect. This legislation governs access to telecommunications content and data within Australia. The Act criminalises the interception or unauthorised access of private telecommunications without the knowledge of the involved parties. Specifically, it outlines offences related to the interception of communications and grants law enforcement and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 January 2024", "title": "Australian Signals Directorate's Australian Cyber Security Centre Practical Cyber Security Tips for Businesses", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/publications/practical-cyber-security-tips-business-leaders", "description": "On 17 January 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD's ACSC) issued the Practical Cyber Security Tips for Businesses. The publication provides guidance on maintaining cybersecurity, including keeping device operating systems up to date, updating software to protect sensitive information, enabling multi-factor authentication, and backing up important files. The guidelines are applicable across various economic sectors and aim to enhance national cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Regulation in Agreement on Principles for 6G Development, Secure, Open, and Resilient by Design", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000173.html", "description": "On 27 February 2024, the governments of Australia, Canada, Czechia, Finland, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America issued a joint statement endorsing Principles for 6G Development, Secure, Open, and Resilient by Design. The principles emphasise the need for secure and resilient technology, systematic approaches to cybersecurity, and the protection of national security. The principles also encourage the use of artificial intelligence...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Internet Search Engine Services Code under the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://onlinesafety.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/230912_6_Seach-Schedule_REGISTERED-120923.pdf", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Internet Search Engine Services Online Safety Code under the Online Safety Act 2021 entered into force. The Code sets out compliance measures for internet search engine providers to protect Australian end users from harmful content, including child sexual exploitation, pro-terrorism, and extreme violence material (Class 1A), as well as crime, violence, and drug-related content (Class 1B). Search engines are required to have designated staff responsible for the safety of ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Guidance on protecting infrastructure and critical functions from \"Volt Typhoon\"", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa24-038a", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), along with other US Government Agencies and International Partners, adopted a finalised guidance concerning Volt Typhoon. The outline presents steps that leaders in critical infrastructure can take to prepare for and mitigate against potential threats. These steps include making informed and proactive resourcing decisions, securing supply chains, and promoting a cybersecurity culture. Additionally, the guidance p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 March 2024", "title": "Privacy Reforms to Combat Doxxing", "url": "https://consultations.ag.gov.au/integrity/doxxing-and-privacy-reforms/", "description": "On 28 March 2024, the Attorney General's Department closed its public consultation on privacy reforms to combat doxxing. Doxxing is the term used to describe the intentional online exposure of an individual’s identity, private information or personal details without their consent. This includes de-anonymizing, which involves disclosing the identity of an individual who was previously anonymous, targeting doxxing, where specific information about an individual is disclosed, facilitating their ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 April 2024", "title": "NSA guide on Deploying AI Systems Securely", "url": "https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/3741371/nsa-publishes-guidance-for-strengthening-ai-system-security/", "description": "On 15 April 2024, the National Security Agency (NSA) published a guide on Deploying AI Systems Securely. It encompasses a set of best practices aimed at improving the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of AI systems. These include collaborating with IT departments, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and establishing security boundaries. It recommends requesting threat models from AI system developers and considering security requirements in contracts. Additionally, it suggests ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner lawsuit against X over access restriction of extreme violent content", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-statement-esafety-to-appeal-administrative-review-tribunal-finding", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the eSafety Commissioner appealed a decision by the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART)—which replaced the former Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) on 14 October 2024 under the Administrative Review Tribunal Act 2024. The ART had ruled it could review eSafety’s decision to alert X Corp. about a potential breach of its terms of service. The Commissioner contends the ART overstepped its jurisdiction and made unsupported findings, arguing this could hinder regulators’ abil...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 June 2024", "title": "Minister for Communications statutory review of the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/have-your-say/statutory-review-online-safety-act-2021", "description": "On 21 June 2024, the Australian Government closes its public consultation as part of a statutory review of the Online Safety Act 2021. The review aims at evaluating the Online Safety Act's effectiveness and considers whether it is necessary to extend the eSafety Commissioner's enforcement powers. Specific issues which are part of the review involve considering the adequacy of current regulations in protecting Australian citizens from online harms, including hate speech, image-based abuse, the...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Bill amending the Privacy Act to criminalise the act of doxxing", "url": "https://www.pm.gov.au/media/tackling-online-harms", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Australian Government announced its intention to submit a Bill amending the Privacy Act to criminalise the act of doxxing, defined as releasing private information online with malicious intent. The Bill will be submitted in August 2024 and aims to protect individuals, including women affected by domestic and family violence, with increased control and transparency over their personal data. Furthermore, the government has advanced a review of the Online Safety Act to adapt l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 August 2024", "title": "Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024", "url": "https://ministers.ag.gov.au/media-centre/new-criminal-laws-combat-sexually-explicit-deepfakes-21-08-2024", "description": "On 21 August 2024, the Criminal Code Amendment (Deepfake Sexual Material) Act 2024 was adopted by the Senate of the Australian Parliament. In particular, the Bill penalises the sharing of sexually explicit material without consent, especially material which was generated or altered by artificial intelligence (AI) or another technology, such as deepfakes. The Bill penalises the sharing of non-consensual deepfake sexually explicit material with up to 6 years of imprisonment. Further, the creati...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "Declaration on Commitments to Address Severe AI Risks", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-commitmentto-deepen-work-on-severe-ai-risks-concludes-ai-seoul-summit", "description": "On 22 May 2024, during the AI Seoul Summit, 27 nations committed to addressing severe AI risks. The countries agreed to develop shared thresholds for AI risks, including the potential misuse of AI in building biological and chemical weapons and AI's ability to evade human oversight. The parties will work with AI companies, civil society, and academia to develop proposals for discussion at the upcoming AI Action Summit in France.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Privacy Commissioner inquiry into TikTok over alleged breach of privacy law", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/newsroom/statement-on-tiktok-preliminary-inquiries", "description": "On 29 May 2024, the Australian Privacy Commissioner closed the preliminary inquiry into TikTok over an alleged breach of privacy law. The Privacy Commissioner stated that tracking tools, including pixels and cookies, are \" harmful, invasive and corrosive of online privacy\", and there is \"no clear and obvious breach of Australian privacy law\". Therefore, no investigation will be opened.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "eSafety Commissioner and Electoral Council of Australia and New Zealand joint referral protocol for online safety", "url": "https://www.ecanz.gov.au/news-and-media/electoral-commissions-australia-ramp-efforts-protect-staff-online-harm", "description": "On 30 May 2024, Australian electoral commissions, under the Electoral Council of Australia and New Zealand (ECANZ), in collaboration with the eSafety Commissioner, adopted a joint referral protocol aimed at safeguarding election staff from online harm. The initiative establishes a direct channel for federal, state, and territory electoral commissions to refer cases of adult cyber abuse or the dissemination of illegal content targeting their personnel to the eSafety Commissioner, which will as...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2024", "title": "APRA notice on security and adequacy of backups", "url": "https://www.apra.gov.au/security-and-adequacy-of-backups", "description": "On 3 June 2024, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) issued a communication to all APRA-regulated entities, stressing its expectations regarding cybersecurity, particularly in relation to data backups and protection against data loss. APRA urged businesses to review and address any gaps in their practices that could impede system restoration during a cyber incident. APRA specifically recommends that businesses periodically conduct self-assessments against the security practic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "EU Commission and eSafety Commissioner administrative arrangement to support the enforcement of social media regulations", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-services-sign-administrative-arrangement-australian-esafety-commissioner-support?utm_source=Euractiv&utm_campaign=e9e825a319-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2024_02_23_09_54_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_-a1a15a7236-%5BLIST_EMAIL_ID%5D", "description": "On 11 June 2024, Commission Services, which is responsible for the enforcement of the Digital Services Act (DSA) in the European Union, signed an administrative arrangement with the eSafety Commissioner, Australia's regulator for online safety. The agreement aims to support the enforcement of social media regulations under both the EU's DSA and Australia's Online Safety Act 2021. The arrangement facilitates cooperation in several areas, including the transparency and accountability of online ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2024", "title": "Online Safety Industry Standard 2024 under the Online Safety Act 2021 for Designated Internet Services", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/new-world-first-standards-set-new-rules-for-how-tech-giants-must-tackle-worst-of-the-worst-online-content", "description": "On 22 December 2024, the Online Safety Industry Standard 2024, registered under the Online Safety Act 2021, comes into effect. Developed by the eSafety Commissioner, this standard regulates Designated Internet Services. The standard mandates that internet services, including apps, websites, file and photo storage services, and certain platforms deploying or distributing generative AI models, implement measures to eliminate child sexual abuse and pro-terror material.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "Joint Report on Exploring Memory Safety in Critical Open Source Projects", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/publications/exploring-memory-safety-in-critical-open-source-projects", "description": "On 26 June 2024, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS) published a joint report on memory safety risks in selected open source software (OSS). The report targets OSS projects written in memory-unsafe languages and identifies memory safety vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows and use after free. The report emphasises the use of memory-safe pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "Code to improve safety for Australians on online dating applications", "url": "https://ministers.dss.gov.au/media-releases/15161", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the Australian Government Department of Social Services announced that providers of online dating applications, including Match Group, Bumble, Grindr, Spark Networks, RSVP, and the ParshipMeet Group, have collectively agreed to adopt an industry code aimed at enhancing safety for Australian users. The code was developed following the Albanese Government's National Roundtable on Online Dating Safety convened last year. The code mandates the implementation of systems to detect o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 August 2024", "title": "ACCC's Digital Platform Services Inquiry pertaining to regulatory developments, key market trends and potential competition and consumer issues", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/inquiries-and-consultations/digital-platform-services-inquiry-2020-25/march-2025-final-report", "description": "On 23 August 2024, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) closes a public consultation on the final report of the Digital Platform Services Inquiry. As part of the Digital Platform Services Inquiry, ACCC has previously published reports on competition and consumer issues in digital platforms. The consultation focuses on international legislative and regulatory developments, major market trends, and emerging competition and consumer issues relating to digital platform servic...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 July 2024", "title": "Measures on online consumer protection in Agreement on Electronic Commerce", "url": "https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/INF/ECOM/87.pdf&Open=True", "description": "On 26 July 2024On 26 July 2024, the Co-Convenors of the Initiative on E-commerce, Australia, Japan and Singapore, announced that the parties agreed on the stabilised text of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce. The Agreement includes measures aimed at enhancing online consumer protection. Specifically, it includes measures to address and prohibit misleading, fraudulent, and deceptive commercial activities, requirements for fair and honest dealings by suppliers, and the promotion of consumer ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 August 2024", "title": "APRA guidance on cyber control weaknesses", "url": "https://www.apra.gov.au/news-and-publications/apra-shares-further-insights-on-common-cyber-control-weaknesses", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) issued a letter to all regulated entities across the banking, superannuation, and insurance sectors, providing guidance on common cyber control weaknesses. The initiative follows previous communications on the security and adequacy of backups. The letter highlights issues in security configuration management, privileged access management, and security testing. APRA requires entities to review their control environments a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 August 2024", "title": "Guidance on best practices for event logging and cyber threat detection", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/system-hardening-and-administration/system-monitoring/best-practices-event-logging-threat-detection?utm_source=cga&utm_campaign=event-logging-2024&utm_medium=news&utm_content=publication-1", "description": "On 22 August 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre along with partners from the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Singapore and the Netherlands, published a guidance on best practices for event logging and cyber threat detection for cloud services, enterprise information technology (IT) networks, enterprise mobility and operational technology (OT) networks. Notably, the guidance outlines are four key factors to consider when pursui...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 August 2024", "title": "Australian Communications and Media Authority investigation into 10 Play streaming service provider for alleged breach of gambling advertising rules", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2024-08/10-play-breaches-gambling-advertising-rules", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) announced that it had issued a ruling, stating that 10 Play, a streaming service provided by Network Ten, breached gambling advertising rules by displaying gambling ads during prohibited times in two live-streamed sports events on 14 October 2023. In particular, the breaches occurred during an A-League Women's match and a Socceroos friendly against England, both shown during times when gambling ads are restricted. Net...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2024", "title": "ACSC Advisory on Information Stealer Malware", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/the-silent-heist-info-stealer-malware-used-to-compromise-corporate-networks", "description": "On 2 September 2024, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) published an Advisory on Information Stealer Malware. The Advisory provides information on so-called Information Stealer Malware, which is used by cybercriminals to collect information from victim's devices and, in some cases, allows them to access corporate networks with the stolen information. The Advisory further suggests a number of mitigating measures for organisations, such as providing cybersecurity awareness and training...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2024", "title": "eSafety Commissioner investigation into YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Snap, Reddit, Discord, and Twitch over age verification measures", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-calls-on-social-media-giants-to-reveal-just-how-many-aussie-kids-are-signing-up", "description": "On 4 September 2024, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner issued a notice to YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Snap, Reddit, Discord, and Twitch requesting information on the policies and measures implemented by the platforms to ensure they enforce their own age limits. The eSafety Commissioner aims to obtain information on the number of minors using these platforms, the range of their ages, and the measures implemented to prevent underage children from gaining access to the platforms, in ord...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Mandatory guardrails for AI in high-risk settings", "url": "https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails", "description": "On 4 October 2024, the Department of Industry, Science and Resources of Australia closed its consultation regarding a proposals paper on introducing mandatory guardrails for AI in high-risk settings. The consultation is part of the Australian Government’s integrated approach to AI regulation. In particular, the paper aims to define “high-risk AI” through the proposed principles for determining high-risk AI settings and their potential application to general-purpose AI models. In addition, the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "Joint Advisory on Russian Military Cyber Tactics", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/alerts-and-advisories/russian-military-cyber-actors-target-us-and-global-critical-infrastructure?utm_source=cga&utm_campaign=FBI-Russian-cybercriminals&utm_medium=news&utm_content=FBI-Russian-publication", "description": "On 6 September 2024, a joint advisory on Russian military cyber tactics was adopted by Australia, Canada, Czechia, Estonia, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The advisory outlines the activities of Russian military cyber actors, specifically GRU Unit 29155, who have been targeting US and global critical infrastructure since at 2020. According to the advisory, the group aims to collect information for espionage purposes, cause reputati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 October 2025", "title": "Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024", "url": "https://minister.infrastructure.gov.au/wells/media-release/social-media-minimum-age-platform-assessments", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the requirement for providers of age-restricted social media platforms to take reasonable steps to prevent users under 16 years of age from having accounts enters into force, following a commencement date set within the 12-month implementation period allowed after the Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act’s commencement. From this date, all accounts held by users under 16 years of age, including those created before the enforcement start date, became subj...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2024", "title": "FBI, CNMF, NSA Joint Advisory on People's Republic of China botnet operations", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/new-joint-advisory-prc-botnet-operations-released", "description": "On 18 September 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Cyber National Mission Force (CNMF), and National Security Agency (NSA) issued a Joint Advisory identifying cyber actors linked to the People's Republic of China (PRC) that have compromised thousands of internet-connected devices, such as routers, firewalls, network-attached storage (NAS), and IoT devices, to create a botnet for malicious activities. According to the Joint Advisory, Integrity Technology Group, a PRC-based compan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Guidance on Detecting and Mitigating Active Directory compromises", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/new-guidance-detecting-and-mitigating-active-directory-compromises", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) published, in collaboration with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NZ), and the United Kingdom's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK), the Guidance on Detecting and mitigating Active Directory compromises. The Guidance provides information to organisations about comm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2024", "title": "ASD Guide on mitigation strategies for edge devices", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/Mitigation%20strategies%20for%20edge%20devices_executive%20guidance.pdf", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the Australian Signals Directorate adopted the guide on mitigation strategies for edge devices. The guide applies to critical infrastructure providers responsible for enterprise network security. The guide aims to enhance the security of so-called edge devices, which act as security intermediaries between internal networks and the internet, and which include firewalls, routers, VPN gateways, Internet of Things devices, and operational technology systems. The guide outlines ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 August 2024", "title": "Broadcasting Services Amendment (Prohibition of Gambling Advertisements) Bill 2024", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r7228_first-reps/toc_pdf/24095b01.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf", "description": "On 19 August 2024, the Broadcasting Services Amendment (Prohibition of Gambling Advertisements) Bill 2024 was introduced at the House of Representatives. The Bill seeks to amend the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 to prohibit gambling advertisements on various broadcasting and online content services in Australia. In particular, the Bill introduces amendments, prohibiting commercial television, radio, and subscription services from broadcasting gambling advertisements, except in cases of incid...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "Cyber Security Bill 2024 (Bill No. 116/24)", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/legislation/bills/r7250_first-reps/toc_pdf/24116b01.PDF;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22legislation/bills/r7250_first-reps/0000%22", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Cyber Security Bill was introduced in the Australian House of Representatives. The Bill applies to manufacturers, suppliers, and entities involved in cybersecurity activities, including those that pay ransomware and produce or distribute smart devices. The Bill imposes several obligations, including compliance with security standards for smart devices, a requirement for impacted entities to report ransomware payments within 72 hours, and restrictions on the use of incid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "IPOLA guidelines for Queensland government agencies on ensuring their use of mobile apps and social media complies with the Information Privacy Act 2009 (IP Act)", "url": "https://www.oic.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/65421/Guideline-Mobile-apps-and-social-media.pdf", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Queensland Office of the Information Commissioner published the Information Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act (IPOLA) guidelines for Queensland government agencies on ensuring their use of mobile apps and social media complies with the Information Privacy Act 2009 (IP Act). In particular, the guidelines emphasise the importance of adhering to privacy principles when collecting, using, and disclosing personal information, especially when utilising mobile apps a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Joint advisory on Iranian-based cyber actors compromising critical infrastructure networks", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-10/iranian-cyber-actors-brute-force-and-credential-access-activity-compromises-critical-infrastructure.pdf", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), National Security Agency (NSA), Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSE), Australian Federal Police (AFP), and Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC) issued a joint advisory on Iranian cyber actors' activities targeting critical infrastructure sectors. The advisory applies to critical sectors, including healthcare, government...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "OAIC guidance on privacy and the use of commercially available AI products", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/guidance-on-privacy-and-the-use-of-commercially-available-ai-products", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) published guidance on privacy and the use of commercially available AI products. The guidance emphasises that organisations and government agencies must comply with privacy obligations when using AI systems that handle personal information. This applies to both the data input into the AI and any output generated that contains personal information. Organisations should conduct thorough due diligence when selecting...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "eSafety Commissioner assessment of Apple's child safety features", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/statement-on-apple-user-reporting-safety-measure", "description": "On 24 October 2024, the eSafety Commissioner announced the introduction of a new in-app reporting feature by Apple aimed at enhancing online safety for children in Australia. The feature allows children to report unwanted nude images directly to Apple. The feature was implemented two years after the eSafety Commissioner's report on Basic Online Safety Expectations highlighted the lack of such measures on Apple platforms. It will be available to children in Australia, with an option for adults...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 April 2024", "title": "OAIC guidance on third-party tracking pixels and privacy compliance", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/organisations/tracking-pixels-and-privacy-obligations", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) adopted a guidance for private sector organisations on the use of third-party tracking pixels on websites. The guidance outlines the necessary considerations to ensure compliance with the Privacy Act and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs). It emphasises the importance of conducting due diligence, adopting a data minimisation approach, ensuring sensitive information is not disclosed without consent, and main...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "OAIC investigation into Master Wealth Control Institute data scraping practices compliance with Privacy Act", "url": "https://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/AICmr/2024/243.html", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) concluded an investigation into Master Wealth Control Pty Ltd t/a DG Institute under the Privacy Act 1988. The investigation focused on breaches of Australian Privacy Principles related to the unlawful collection, use, and disclosure of personal information in its Elite Mentoring Program. The ruling noted that Master Wealth Control engaged in unfair data collection, failed to notify individuals, and had an outda...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "Declaration on proactive approaches to privacy regulation following APPA Forum", "url": "https://www.appaforum.org/forums/communiques/the-62nd-appa-forum-hosted-by-the-personal-information-protection-commission-of-japan-in-tokyo-japan/", "description": "On 27 November 2024, a declaration on proactive approaches to privacy regulation was adopted by data protection authorities at the 62nd Asian Pacific Privacy Authorities (APPA) forum. The forum held on 26 to 27 November was attended by 17 APPA members from 13 countries or territories. Agreements at this forum included a collaborative effort to establish a unified framework for data protection, aiming to harmonise data protection standards and practices. Discussions reflected a commitment to e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "US, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand security agencies guidance on China-related cybersecurity threats to telecommunications providers", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/joint-guidance-enhanced-visibility-hardening-guide-for-comms-infrastructure-508c.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, security agencies from the US, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand issued guidance detailing protections against a People's Republic of China (PRC)-affiliated actor targeting networks of telecommunications providers. Recommendations include actions for organisations to identify vulnerabilities and threats, suggested responses to cyber incidents, and best practices to reduce existing vulnerabilities. The agencies collaborating on this guidance were the US Cybersecurity and I...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 May 2024", "title": "Australia, US, Canada, United Kingdom, New Zealand and South Korea security agencies guidance on secure-by-design considerations in procuring digital products and services", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/outsourcing-and-procurement/cyber-supply-chains/choosing-secure-and-verifiable-technologies", "description": "On 5 December 2024, security agencies from Australia, the US, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and South Korea issued guidance to organisations within their jurisdictions on the procurement of secure and verifiable technologies. This guidance comes in the form of two advisories, one directed to senior executives and the other directed to the organisation as a whole. The guidance recommends a secure-by-design and secure-by-default approach to software manufacture and procurement. It em...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "News Bargaining Incentive charge for social media platforms", "url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/about-ato/new-legislation/in-detail/businesses/news-bargaining-incentive", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the Australian government announced the News Bargaining Incentive, a proposed charge aimed at encouraging digital platforms to share revenue with Australian news organisations. Building on the 2021 News Bargaining Code, which mandated revenue-sharing agreements or fines of 10% of Australian revenue, the new charge will apply to platforms with annual Australian revenue exceeding AUD 250 million that do not hold such agreements. The charge will be calculated on taxable rece...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "eSafety Commissioner regulatory guidance for compliance with Online Safety Industry Standard 2024 for relevant electronic services", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-11/Phase1-Standards-Class1A-and-1B-Regulatory-Guidance-Nov2024.pdf?v=1731899985255", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the eSafety Commissioner published guidance to support providers of Relevant Electronic Services to comply with the Online Safety Industry Standard 2024, which comes into effect on 22 December 2024. The standard regulates relevant electronic services and mandates that these services, including dating sites, online games, and messaging services, implement measures to eliminate child sexual abuse and pro-terror material. This also includes generative AI-based \"nudify apps\" ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "CISA guidelines for priority considerations for operational technology owners and operator regarding secure by demand", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/governance-and-user-education/secure-by-design/secure-demand-priority-considerations-operational-technology-owners-and-operators-when-selecting-digital-products", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) adopted the secure-by-demand guidelines aimed at enhancing cybersecurity for operational technology (OT) products. The guidance emphasises the importance of integrating security into the procurement process for OT products, particularly in industrial automation and control systems. The guidelines outline security elements that OT owners and operators should consider when selecting products. The security elements i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 April 2025", "title": "Data localisation prohibition in ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand FTA Upgrade", "url": "https://www.dfat.gov.au/news/aanzfta-upgrade-enters-force", "description": "On 21 April 2025, the Upgrade to the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) entered into force, following its adoption on 21 August 2023. The Financial Services Annex prohibits parties from mandating the local storage of financial data, except where necessary to protect personal information or in accordance with specific public policy exceptions. This provision aims to reduce trade barriers while allowing for data privacy safeguards. The Electronic Commerce Chapter further...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Signals Directorate outline on role of bulletproof hosting providers in enabling cybercrime", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/publications/bulletproof-hosting-providers", "description": "On 22 January 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate adopted an outline on the role of bulletproof hosting providers (BPHs) in enabling cybercrime. It was highlighted that these providers offer secure infrastructure to cybercriminals, allowing them to carry out illicit activities such as hosting malicious content, deploying malware, and conducting phishing campaigns without fear of detection or intervention. It was also highlighted that governments, law enforcement, and private sector entit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 April 2025", "title": "Department of Home Affairs order blocking use of DeepSeek on government systems and mobile devices (PSPF Direction 001-2025)", "url": "https://www.protectivesecurity.gov.au/system/files/2025-02/PSPF-Direction-001-2025.pdf", "description": "On 4 February 2025, the Department of Home Affairs adopted an order blocking the use of DeepSeek products and applications on government systems and mobile devices. The order directs Australian Government entities to prevent the use, installation, or access to DeepSeek on government systems and mobile devices. The order requires entities to identify and remove all existing DeepSeek products and report completion to the Department of Home Affairs. It also provides that exemptions may be grante...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 May 2025", "title": "ACSC guideline on securing edge devices", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news-and-media/are-your-organisations-edge-devices-secure", "description": "On 5 February 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) adopted new cybersecurity guidelines aimed at securing edge devices across various sectors. These guidelines provide strategies for managing and securing enterprise routers, firewalls, and VPN concentrators, which are critical components at the network's periphery. The guidelines include executive and practitioner guidance on mitigation strategies, security considerations, and digital forensics, ensuring that edge devices do not ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2025", "title": "German Federal Criminal Police Office investigation into online cybercrime marketplaces Cracked and Nulled for alleged facilitation of stolen data and hacking tools", "url": "https://www.bka.de/SharedDocs/Kurzmeldungen/DE/Kurzmeldungen/250130_Operation_Talent.html", "description": "On 30 January 2025, the German Federal Criminal Police Office, in coordination with international law enforcement agencies from eight countries, shut down the cybercrime forums Nulled and Cracked. It was highlighted that Cracked facilitated the sale of stolen login credentials, hacking tools, and malware-hosting servers, among other cybercrime-related services. Nulled sold stolen credentials, identification documents, and hacking tools, with over five million users and 43 million cybercrime ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 November 2025", "title": "OFAC, DFAT and FCDO investigation into hosting provider ZServers to protect critical infrastructure from cybercrimes", "url": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0018", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and the United Kingdom’s Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) jointly sanctioned Zservers. Zservers is a Russia-based bulletproof hosting provider and played a role in supporting LockBit ransomware attack, one of the most deployed ransomware variants. Bulletproof hosting is a technical infrastructure service provided by ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Privacy (Children's Online Privacy) Code", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/oaic-releases-exposure-draft-of-the-childrens-online-privacy-code", "description": "On 5 June 2026, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) closes its consultation on the exposure draft of the Privacy (Children's Online Privacy) Code 2026 (the Code). The Code would apply to providers of social media services, relevant electronic services and designated internet services that are likely to be accessed by children or are primarily concerned with the activities of children, under the Privacy Act 1988. The data protection provisions of the Code would require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Securities and Investments Commission investigation into FIIG Securities over alleged failure to meet cybersecurity requirements (Securities and Investments Commission v FIIG Securities Limited/No. QUD144/2025)", "url": "https://www.asic.gov.au/about-asic/news-centre/find-a-media-release/2026-releases/26-021mr-asic-action-sees-fiig-securities-ordered-to-pay-2-5-million-over-cyber-security-failures/", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Federal Court of Australia ordered FIIG Securities Limited (FIIG) to pay a pecuniary penalty of AUD 2'500'000 for contravening its Australian Financial Services licence obligations under section 912A of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) between 13 March 2019 and 8 June 2023. The Court found that FIIG failed to maintain adequate technological, human, and financial resources, as well as appropriate risk management systems, to manage cybersecurity risks. These deficiencies...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner guide on using and disclosing genetic information", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/health-service-providers/guide-to-health-privacy/chapter-8-using-and-disclosing-genetic-information-in-the-case-of-a-serious-threat", "description": "On 9 May 2025, the Australian Information Commissioner adopted guidance on the use and disclosure of genetic information under the Privacy Act 1988. The guidelines aim to clarify when health service providers may use or disclose a patient’s genetic information without consent. The guidelines apply to providers who, in the course of delivering care, identify serious inheritable risks to a patient’s genetic relatives. The update allows disclosure without consent if it is necessary to lessen or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 May 2025", "title": "National Security Agency's Artificial Intelligence Security Center guidance on AI Data Security", "url": "https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/4192332/nsas-aisc-releases-joint-guidance-on-the-risks-and-best-practices-in-ai-data-se/", "description": "Official source record dated 22 May 2025 for Australia concerning National Security Agency's Artificial Intelligence Security Center guidance on AI Data Security. See the linked nsa.gov source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2025", "title": "Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum's Global CBPR and privacy recognition for processors certifications", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/the-global-cbpr-and-global-prp-system-are-now-live/", "description": "On 2 June 2025, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum launched the Global CBPR and Global Privacy Recognition for Processors (PRP) System. It was highlighted that certified organisations, listed in the Forum’s compliance directory, are now permitted to display the Global CBPR and Global PRP certification marks, signifying adherence to the internationally recognised data protection and privacy standards outlined in the respective program requirements. Organisations seeking certifi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Cyber Security Rules 2025 for Smart Devices", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L00276/asmade/downloads", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Cyber Security (Security Standards for Smart Devices) Rules 2025, covering consumer-grade smart devices enter into force. The rules establish mandatory security standards for consumer-grade connectable products acquired in Australia, excluding smartphones, tablets, desktop and laptop computers, road vehicles and components, and therapeutic goods. Manufacturers must ensure that each device has a unique password or user-defined credentials, and that passwords are not based ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Cyber Security (Ransomware Payment Reporting) Rules 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L00278/asmade/details", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the Cyber Security (Ransomware Payment Reporting) Rules entered into force. The rules establish reporting obligations for entities impacted by ransomware payments under the Cyber Security Act 2024. They apply to reporting business entities, including critical infrastructure operators and businesses meeting a turnover threshold of USD 3 million. Affected entities are required to provide detailed reports within 72 hours. These reports must include information on the cybersecurit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2025", "title": "Cyber Security (Cyber Incident Review Board) Rules 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L00277/asmade/downloads", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the Cyber Security (Cyber Incident Review Board) Rules 2025 entered into force. The Rules establish procedures for the Cyber Incident Review Board to conduct reviews of cybersecurity incidents. They outline requirements for the appointment of Board and Expert Panel members, including eligibility criteria such as security clearance levels and relevant qualifications. The Rules also specify terms of reference for reviews, procedures for disclosure of interests, and operational p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 October 2025", "title": "Minister of Communications Online Safety (Age-Restricted Social Media Platforms) Rules, 2025", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L00889/latest/text", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the Online Safety (Age-Restricted Social Media Platforms) Rules 2025 enter into force. The rules define which services are excluded from being classified as age-restricted social media platforms under the Online Safety Act 2021. The rules specify that services primarily designed for messaging, calling, gaming, product reviews, professional networking, education, or health are not considered age-restricted platforms. This also includes services that significantly facilitat...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Competition and Consumer Commission inquiry into online ghost stores for allegedly drop-shipping", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/consumers-warned-about-ghost-stores-imitating-australian-businesses", "description": "On 3 July 2025, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) issued public warning notices against the operators of four online retail websites, including everly-melbourne.com, willowandgrace-adelaide.com, sophie-claire.com, and doublebayboutique.com. The notices were issued for misleading Australian consumers by falsely claiming to be local businesses, while instead drop-shipping low-quality products from overseas. It was highlighted that the ACCC received at least 360 reports s...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating cyber-abuse classification under Online Safety Act (X Corp. and Elston v eSafety Commissioner) (ART Case Nos. 2024/2582 and 2024/2583)", "url": "https://adfinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/AU-tribunal-decision_Chris-Elston-case.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART) set aside the decision of the eSafety Commissioner to issue a removal notice in the matter of X Corp. v eSafety Commissioner and Christopher Elston v eSafety Commissioner, in relation to a social media post authored by Christopher Elston. The Tribunal concluded that the material did not satisfy the statutory threshold for classification as \"cyber-abuse material targeted at an Australian adult\" under section 7 of the Online Safety Act 20...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner inquiry into digital risk pertaining to online platform engagement among children aged 10 to 15", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-07/Digital-use-and-risk-Online-platform-engagement-10-to-15.pdf?v=1752483709645", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the eSafety Commissioner published a report on digital risks associated with online platform use among children aged 10 to 15. The report covers social media and other online services accessed by children, indicating that 96% had used at least one platform and approximately 70% had encountered content such as misogyny, hate speech, violent videos, or material related to self-harm. One in seven respondents reported exposure to grooming-type behaviour, often occurring on platfo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 July 2025", "title": "Department of Industry, Science, and Resources inquiry into risks surrounding multi-agent AI systems", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/new-report-highlights-emerging-risks-multi-agent-ai-systems", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the Department of Industry, Science, and Resources issued a report on the risks surrounding multi-agent AI systems. The report provides guidance for organisations assessing the risks of multi-agent AI systems with a focus on risk identification and analysis. The report also identified six failure patterns. First, cascading reliability failures manifest when agents' erratic competence and brittle generalisation failures are propagated and reinforced across the network. Second,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's guidance on foundations for operational technology cybersecurity focusing on asset inventory guidance for owners and operators", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/maintaining-devices-and-systems/critical-infrastructure/operational-technology-environments/foundations-for-ot-cybersecurity-asset-inventory-guidance-for-owners-and-operators", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) published guidance alongside international partners, including the National Security Agency, and cybersecurity agencies from five allied nations, pertaining to operational technology (OT) cybersecurity. The guidance applies to OT owners and operators across all critical infrastructure sectors, particularly energy, water treatment, oil and gas, and electricity organisations. The policy requires organisations to impl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Australian Signals Directorate and Department of Industry Science and Resources guidelines on managing cryptographic keys and secrets", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/resources-business-and-government/governance-and-user-education/secure-by-design/managing-cryptographic-keys-and-secrets", "description": "On 22 August 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate and the Department of Industry, Science and Resources released guidelines on managing cryptographic keys and secrets. The guidelines are addressed to organisational security personnel, including architects and IT security managers, within cloud, on-premises, or hybrid environments. The guidelines consider threats to asymmetric keys, symmetric keys, digital certificates, and secrets. The guidelines recommend organisations adopt a Key Manage...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Productivity Commission inquiry into harnessing data and digital technology", "url": "https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/current/data-digital/interim/data-digital-interim.pdf", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the Productivity Commission (PC) closes the consultation on its interim report on Harnessing Data and Digital Technology. The consultation is part of the Government’s five-pillar productivity growth agenda under the Productivity Commission Act 1998 and focuses on reforms to improve productivity through digital and data use. The interim report presents draft recommendations in four areas. These include enabling artificial intelligence (AI) productivity potential through o...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner's social media minimum age regulatory guidance under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/eSafety-SMMA-Regulatory-Guidance.pdf?v=1758030496467", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the eSafety Commissioner adopted the social media minimum age regulatory guidance under the Online Safety Act 2021. The guidance applies to providers of age-restricted social media platforms and requires them to prevent users under 16 years old from holding accounts. Providers must detect and remove underage accounts, stop immediate re-registration, and provide clear information to users about account removal, data download, support services, and appeal options. The guid...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Information Commissioner investigation into Kmart Australia Limited over alleged breaches of Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/media-centre/18-kmarts-use-of-facial-recognition-to-tackle-refund-fraud-unlawful,-privacy-commissioner-finds", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the Australian Information Commissioner issued a ruling in its investigation into Kmart Australia Limited, confirming that the company had breached the Privacy Act through its use of facial recognition technology (FRT) in 28 retail stores between 22 June 2020 and 15 July 2022. The Information Commissioner found that Kmart unlawfully collected sensitive biometric information without consent, failed to notify customers, and did not maintain a clear and up-to-date privacy p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner investigation into X and Meta over allegedly hosting illegal violent footage", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-statement-removal-notices-target-illegal-online-material", "description": "On 7 October 2025, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner issued removal notices to X and Meta under the Online Safety Act 2021 for hosting violent footage classified as Refused Classification (RC) by the Australian Classification Board. The Commissioner stated that the content showed recent killings in the United States and cannot be legally hosted, shared, or accessed in Australia. eSafety confirmed that geo-blocking would meet compliance. eSafety emphasised that the orders only applied to the vi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Office of the Australian Information Commissioner Privacy guidance on Part 4A (Social Media Minimum Age) of the Online Safety Act 2021", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-legislation/related-legislation/social-media-minimum-age", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) released the Privacy Guidance on Part 4A of the Online Safety Act 2021, addressing the Social Media Minimum Age (SMMA) scheme and its interaction with the Privacy Act 1988 and the Australian Privacy Principles. The guidance applies to providers of age-restricted social media platforms and third-party age assurance providers and sets out obligations under Section 63F of Part 4A, including purpose limitation, destr...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "Signals Directorate's Critifical Infrastructure Fortify guidance for operators", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/view-all-content/news/new-guidance-to-help-fortify-australias-critical-infrastructure", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) released \"Critical Infrastructure (CI) Fortify,\" a guidance document for CI operators. It applies to large organisations and government entities managing operational technology (OT) and essential services. The guidance urges operators to maintain updated OT inventories, identify vital systems, isolate them from external networks for up to three months, and rebuild them quickly using trusted backups. It responds to rising state-spons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Guidance for individuals and small and medium businesses on cloud shared responsibility model", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/protecting-devices-systems/cloud-computing/cloud-shared-responsibility-model-guidance-for-individuals-and-small-and-medium-businesses", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) released guidance on the cloud shared responsibility model for individuals and small and medium businesses. It outlines how security responsibilities are divided between customers and cloud service providers (CSPs), depending on the type of service used. CSPs are accountable for securing infrastructure and third-party operations, while customers must safeguard their data, control user access, maintain software and device security...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on cloud shared responsibility model", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/protecting-devices-systems/cloud-computing/cloud-shared-responsibility-model-executive-guidance", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) released executive guidance on the cloud shared responsibility model for government, critical infrastructure, and large organisations. It explains that cybersecurity duties are shared between cloud service providers (CSPs) and customers, but ultimate responsibility for data remains with the customer. Organisations must understand legislative obligations, know which cloud services they use, and assess risks based on data sensitivi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "eSafety Commissioner assessment of Character Technologies (character.ai) regarding compliance with Basic Online Safety Expectations", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-requires-providers-of-ai-companion-chatbots-to-explain-how-they-are-keeping-aussie-kids-safe", "description": "On 23 March 2026, Australia’s eSafety Commissioner published interim findings concerning Character Technologies (character.ai) compliance with Basic Online Safety Expectations (BOSE). In response to a notice requesting information regarding BOSE compliance issued 16 October 2025, Character Technologies reported that it had made or intended to make improvements to child safety. Such improvements include age assurance mechanisms, restricting access to open-ended chat with AI companions, and imp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Australian Competition and Consumer Commission lawsuit against Microsoft over alleged misleading conduct", "url": "https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/accc-v-microsoft-concise-statement-27-october-2025.pdf", "description": "On 27 October 2025, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) announced a lawsuit against Microsoft and its subsidiary Microsoft Australia, alleging misleading or deceptive conduct and false or misleading representations under sections 18, 29(1)(i), (l), and (m) of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). The ACCC claims that since 31 October 2024, Microsoft offered existing Microsoft 365 Personal or Family subscribers a choice between continuing their subscription with artificial i...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 January 2025", "title": "AI policy guide and template", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-10/ai_policy_guide_and_template.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the National Artificial Intelligence Centre (NAIC) published its AI Policy Guide to support organisations in developing and maintaining internal policies promoting ethical and responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI). The template outlines principles, expectations, and rules for developing, deploying, and using AI systems across all personnel and technologies under an organisation’s control. AI systems are defined as technologies using data to make inferences and gen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2025", "title": "APEC Leaders' Gyeongju Declaration", "url": "https://www.apec.org/meeting-papers/leaders-declarations/2025/2025-apec-leaders--gyeongju-declaration", "description": "On 1 November 2025, APEC leaders issued the Gyeongju Declaration, outlining measures to support digital and AI development. The declaration notes the growing role of data in the digital economy and outlines commitments to increase cooperation to facilitate cross-border data flows. APEC members reaffirmed support for the Internet and Digital Economy Roadmap (AIDER) and encouraged sharing information on ICT and digital policies to support regional economic cooperation. The declaration also addr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on strengthening Microsoft Exchange Server security", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news/new-guidance-to-strengthen-microsoft-exchange-server-security", "description": "On 31 October 2025, Australian Cyber Security Centre issued guidance on strengthening Microsoft Exchange Server security. The guidance describes best practices for organisations using Microsoft Exchange Server environments to protect them from malicious actors. Specifically, the Centre recommends measures like ensuring that servers are updated with the latest patches and migrated to supported versions. Further, organisations should enable Microsoft's inbuilt protection features, strengthen au...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 August 2025", "title": "Regulatory Reform Omnibus Bill 2025 including amendments to Australian Communications and Media Authority Act", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=LEGISLATION;id=legislation%2Fbills%2Fr7380_first-reps%2F0004;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fbills%2Fr7380_first-reps%2F0000%22;rec=0", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the Regulatory Reform Omnibus Bill 2025, including amendments to the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) Act, was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Act establishes the ACMA, defines its functions and powers and covers the ACMA's telecommunications, spectrum, broadcasting, content, and datacasting roles. The Bill seeks to increase ACMA’s efficiency by updating delegation rules for legislative instruments. The amendments apply to communications ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in CPTPP-ASEAN Trade and Investment Dialogue Joint Ministerial Statement", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/FINAL-2025-CPTPP-ASEAN-Trade-and-Investment-Dialogue-Joint-Ministerial-Statement.pdf", "description": "On 20 November 2025, Parties to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and ASEAN Members announced the CPTPP-ASEAN Trade and Investment Dialogue Joint Ministerial Statement, including cross-border data transfer regulation provisions. The Statement included a commitment to continue cooperation on the facilitation of cross-border data flows and endorsed efforts to effect the incorporation of the Agreement on Electronic Commerce with the World Trade Org...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Online safety and other legislation amendment (My face, My rights) Bill 2025", "url": "https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query%3DId%3A%22legislation%2Fbillhome%2Fs1471%22;rec=0", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Online safety and other legislation amendment (My face, My rights) Bill 2025, including content moderation regulation, was introduced to the Senate. The Bill defines deepfake material as any realistic, technology-generated, or altered image, audio, or audio-visual content that falsely depicts an Australian person’s face, voice, or their attributes, and defines the person depicted by the deepfake as the subject of that material. The Bill defines non-consensual deepfake...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 April 2025", "title": "Guidance regarding Generative AI tools in workplace", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/news/blog/GenAI-tools-in-the-workplace-balancing-protection-of-personal-information-and-business-efficiency", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (OAIC) published guidance outlining the privacy risks and management strategies for businesses integrating Generative AI (GenAI) tools in workplaces. The guidance highlighted that GenAI use presents challenges for personal information protection, reminding entities subject to Australia's Privacy Act to avoid inputting sensitive data into publicly available GenAI tools due to control difficulties. Businesses must activel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 May 2025", "title": "Online Safety Codes and Standards Regulatory Guidance", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-12/OnlineSafetyCodesandStandardsRegulatoryGuidanceDec2025.pdf?v=1765291450917", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the eSafety Commissioner published the Online Safety Codes and Standards Regulatory Guidance. The guidance is designed to assist service providers regulated by the Online Safety Codes and Standards, including the Unlawful Material Codes (1A and 1B), Unlawful Material Standards (1A and 1B), and Age-Restricted Material Codes (1C and 2). The guidance details a non-exhaustive list of services covered by the Codes and Standards, details which regulations apply to which sections...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on managing cyber security risks in Artificial intelligence for small business", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/secure-design/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-for-small-business", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Australian Signals Directorate's Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD's ACSC) published guidance on managing cybersecurity risks of artificial intelligence for small businesses, aimed at managing cybersecurity risks when adopting cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The guidance aims to address vulnerabilities such as data leaks, privacy breaches, unreliable AI outputs, and supply chain dependencies. It clarifies that businesses should implement inte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Communications and Media Authority Commercial Radio Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.acma.gov.au/articles/2026-02/ai-disclosure-required-under-new-commercial-radio-rules", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Commercial Radio Code of Practice 2026 enters into force following its registration by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA). The updated Code introduces a specific transparency obligation regarding artificial intelligence. Where a regularly scheduled program or news program is hosted by a synthetic voice generated by artificial intelligence, licensees must provide appropriate transparency to audiences, including during a program episode, on relevant web...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Guidance on quantum technology pertaining to computing", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/secure-design/quantum/quantum-technology-primer-computing", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Cyber Security Centre adopted the guidance on quantum technology pertaining to computing. The guidance explains how quantum computing may affect cybersecurity and calls for early preparedness for post-quantum risks. It applies to small and medium businesses, large organisations, critical infrastructure operators, and government bodies that rely on cryptography, cloud services, or high-performance computing. The guidance outlines the differences between quantum and cla...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "eSafety Commissioner evaluation of Social Media Minimum Age under Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-begins-evaluation-of-australias-world-first-social-media-minimum-age", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the eSafety Commissioner commenced an evaluation of Australia’s social media minimum age to assess implementation of the new obligation on platforms and its impacts on children. The evaluation concerns the Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Act 2024, which commenced on 10 December 2025 and requires age-restricted social media platforms to take reasonable steps to prevent Australians under the age of 16 from creating or keeping an account, with preliminary ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Privacy guidance for reporting entities under Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act", "url": "https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/privacy-guidance-for-organisations-and-government-agencies/organisations/privacy-guidance-for-reporting-entities-under-the-anti-money-laundering-and-counter-terrorism-financing-act", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner released privacy guidance for reporting entities under the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (AML/CTF Act). The guidance explains the application of the Privacy Act 1988 to reporting entities and authorised agents when handling personal information for the purposes of, or in connection with, AML/CTF obligations. It clarifies that reporting entities, including small businesses with an annual...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Advisory on INC ransomware affiliate model enabling targeting of critical networks", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news/inc-ransom-and-affiliate-network-operating-in-australia-new-zealand-and-the-pacific-island-states", "description": "On 6 March 2026, the Australian Cyber Security Centre, the National Computer Emergency Response Team of Tonga, and the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre issued a joint advisory on the activities of the ransomware group INC Ransom and its affiliate network affecting organisations in Australia, New Zealand and Pacific island states. The advisory states that INC Ransom operates a ransomware-as-a-service model in which affiliated actors gain access to victim networks through compromised ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2026", "title": "Global Privacy Enforcement Network's inquiry into children's privacy practices on websites and applications", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/d2893dca263e4ac19a6ef8010fae310d/gpen-sweep-report---march-2026---en.pdf", "description": "On 25 March 2026, the Global Privacy Enforcement Network (GPEN) published a sweep report examining children's privacy practices across 876 websites and applications. The inquiry found that, while age assurance use has increased since 2015, 88% of platforms relied solely on easily circumvented self-declaration methods. It also highlighted that data collection has intensified, with 85% of privacy policies disclosing third-party data sharing, up from 51% a decade ago. It also found that only 56%...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on assessing application of online safety codes and standards", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/industry/codes/assess-which-online-safety-codes-and-standards-apply", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the eSafety Commissioner published guidance on assessing the application of online safety codes and standards under the Online Safety Act 2021 to help electronic service providers assess which online safety codes and standards apply to their services in respect of unlawful and age-restricted material. As the first step, providers must confirm they offer an electronic service or manufacture or supply related equipment. As the second step, providers must identify whether they o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyber Security Centre's assessment of security risks in social media and messaging services", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/protecting-business-leaders/security-tips-for-social-media-and-messaging-services", "description": "On 9 April 2026, the Cyber Security Centre published a guidance on the security and privacy risks associated with social media and messaging services. The guidance is directed at organisations across the public and private sectors that use platforms including Facebook, LinkedIn, Signal, TikTok, and WhatsApp. Organisations are advised to restrict account access to authorised staff only, revoke access immediately when no longer required, and ensure staff are trained on appropriate usage policie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyber Security Centre's inquiry into frontier models' impact on cyber security", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/about-us/view-all-content/news/frontier-models-and-their-impact-on-cyber-security", "description": "On 9 April 2026, the Cyber Security Centre adopted guidance on the implications of frontier Artificial Intelligence (AI) models for cyber security. The guidance is directed at organisations across all sectors, including small and medium businesses, large organisations, critical infrastructure operators, and government agencies. It recommends that organisations reduce their attack surfaces by sourcing technology from reputable suppliers and applying network segmentation, adopting a daily patch...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Australian Government response: Senate Select Committee on Adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) report | Department of Industry Science and Resources", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/australian-government-response-senate-select-committee-adopting-artificial-intelligence-ai-report", "description": "In its first term, the government delivered a first tranche of privacy reform through the Privacy and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2024 (Cth). From 10 December 2026, the Privacy Act will require regulated entities to include information in their privacy policies about how personal information is used in substantially automated decisions which affect individuals’ rights or interests.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Australian Government AI transparency statements | digital.gov.au", "url": "https://www.digital.gov.au/policy/ai/list-of-transparency-statements", "description": "This page lists Australian Government entities that have published AI transparency statements in line with the Standard for AI transparency statements under the Policy for the responsible use of AI in government (the AI Policy). These statements are intended to build public trust and provide ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Transparent Use of AI at the Commission | Australian Public Service Commission", "url": "https://www.apsc.gov.au/about-us/accountability-and-reporting/transparent-use-ai-commission", "description": "The Commission is dedicated to the safe, ethical and transparent use of Artificial Intelligence technologies that accords with evolving legislation, ethical standards and public expectations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "New data centre expectations help bring the benefit of AI to all Australians | Department of Industry Science and Resources", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/new-data-centre-expectations-help-bring-benefit-ai-all-australians", "description": "The minister announced the expectations on 23 March 2026", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Expectations of data centres and AI infrastructure developers | Department of Industry Science and Resources", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/expectations-data-centres-and-ai-infrastructure-developers", "description": "This document sets out the government’s expectations of data centres and AI infrastructure developers. Meeting these national expectations will be the foundation of their social licence to operate in Australia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Opinion piece: In the age of AI, judgement may be Australia’s scarcest resource | Treasury Ministers", "url": "https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/andrew-leigh-2025/articles/opinion-piece-age-ai-judgement-may-be-australias-scarcest", "description": "Degrees signal skill. output signals effort. Expert advice signals judgement. These proxies have never been perfect, but they have generally been reliable enough to guide decisions by firms, investors and policymakers. Artificial intelligence is beginning to weaken some of these connections.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI in government fundamentals | Australian Public Service Academy", "url": "https://www.apsacademy.gov.au/courses/ai-government-fundamentals", "description": "This learning offering provides a clear, consistent understanding of how AI works and what to consider when making responsible choices.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "An Australian approach to AI: Expectations for data centres that deliver for Australians | Ministers for the Department of Industry, Science and Resources", "url": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/timayres/media-releases/australian-approach-ai-expectations-data-centres-deliver-australians", "description": "Joint media release with Minister for Energy and Climate Change Chris Bowen and Dr Andrew Charlton, Assistant Minister for Science, Technology and the Digital Economy. Global investment in data centres is accelerating – and Australia is well-placed to lead – but this must happen on terms that benefit the community and deliver for the national interest.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Plan for the Australian Public Service 2025 | Australian Public Service Academy", "url": "https://www.apsacademy.gov.au/resources/ai-plan-australian-public-service-2025", "description": "The APS AI Plan sets out how the Australian Public Service will harness artificial intelligence to deliver better services faster, for all Australians.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Australia's advantage in the age of AI | Austrade International", "url": "https://international.austrade.gov.au/en/news-and-analysis/news/australias-advantage-in-the-age-of-ai", "description": "Artificial intelligence continues to dominate headlines and public discourse, with much of the focus on large language models and the behemoths bringing them to life.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 April 2026", "title": "Federal Court of Australia Practice Note on Generative AI in Proceedings", "url": "https://www.fedcourt.gov.au/digital/law-and-practice/practice-notes", "description": "The Federal Court of Australia released a new Practice Note on the use of Generative AI in proceedings before the Court. It outlines the Court's expectations, highlights potential benefits of Generative AI, and sets clear guidance on responsible use, accountability and disclosure obligations. It identifies areas where particular caution is required, including pleadings, submissions, evidence and confidential material.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Transparency" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2025", "title": "Australia - Policy for Responsible Use of AI in Government v2.0", "url": "https://www.digital.gov.au/ai/ai-in-government-policy", "description": "Australia's Policy for the responsible use of AI in government (Version 2.0, effective 15 December 2025) guides Australian government agencies on responsible AI use. The policy mandates transparency for automated decision-making.", "categories": [ "Government AI Policy", "Transparency", "Automated Decision-Making" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Australia - No Enacted Federal AI-Specific Legislation", "url": "https://www.twobirds.com/en/capabilities/artificial-intelligence/ai-legal-ser", "description": "As of 2026, Australia has not enacted federal AI-specific legislation. The government has proposed mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI settings and is consulting on a regulatory framework.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Australia - Mandatory Transparency for Automated Decision-Making", "url": "https://www.softwareseni.com/complying-with-australian-ai-regulations-using-e", "description": "Australia plans mandatory transparency requirements for automated decision-making by December 2026, as part of the broader AI governance framework.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "NSW AI Workplace Laws 2026", "url": "https://www.moore-australia.com.au/news/nsw-ai-workplace-safety-laws-digital-", "description": "New South Wales introduced AI workplace laws in 2026 providing new obligations for employers using digital tools and AI in the workplace, focusing on safety, accountability, and risk management.", "categories": [ "State Legislation", "Workplace AI", "Safety" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2025", "title": "NSW District Court Generative AI Practice Note (SC Gen 23)", "url": "https://www.districtcourt.nsw.gov.au/practice-notes/sc-gen-23.html", "description": "The NSW District Court issued a Generative AI Practice Note (adopting SC Gen 23) governing the use of GenAI in proceedings before the court. The NSW Supreme Court Gen AI Practice Note accompanies this guidance. Together with the Federal Court April 2026 GPN-AI, these form a multi-jurisdiction judicial AI governance framework across Australian courts.", "categories": [ "Courts", "Judicial AI Use", "Practice Direction", "State-Level Governance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Australia National AI Plan 2025", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/national-ai-plan", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Australia National AI Plan 2025 is a whole-of-government strategy published 2 December 2025 that sets a national roadmap to capture economic opportunities from AI, spread benefits across society and keep Australians safe. The plan (see National AI Plan page and full text at National AI Plan (PDF)) prioritises investment, workforce skills, secure infrastructure, and an adaptive, sectoral regulatory approach supported by a new Australian Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "South Australia Appointment of Minister for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy 2026", "url": "https://www.premier.sa.gov.au/", "description": "AI law in Australia: South Australia's 2026 decree appoints a Minister for AI and Digital Economy to lead strategic policy, foster innovation, and ensure responsible tech adoption for economic growth....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Standard for AI transparency statements", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethics-framework", "description": "AI law in Australia: Australia's Standard for AI transparency statements requires government agencies to publicly disclose their AI use to build trust and ensure accountability....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Standard for accountable officials (Policy for responsible use of AI in government)", "url": "https://www.digital.gov.au/policy/ai/accountable-officials", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Digital Transformation Agency's Standard for Accountable Officials (v1.1) sets minimum requirements for Australian Government agencies to designate accountable official(s) (AOs) to implement the Policy for the responsible use of AI in government. It requires agencies to name AOs within 90 days, report identified high‑risk AI use cases to the DTA, act as agency contact points, and participate in whole‑of‑government coordination and forums....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Centre (NAIC) — CSIRO Data61", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/science-technology-and-innovation/technology/national-artificial-intelligence-centre", "description": "AI law in Australia: The National Artificial Intelligence Centre (NAIC) was established within CSIRO’s Data61 in December 2021 as a government-funded hub to accelerate AI adoption across Australian industry, support SMEs, convene the AI ecosystem and promote safe, responsible and internationally aligned AI practices. It coordinates programs, guidance, training and industry connections and has since transitioned to the Department of Industry, Science and Resources for whole-of-government delivery....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Safe and Responsible AI in Australia — Discussion Paper", "url": "https://www.minister.industry.gov.au/ministers/husic/media-releases/safe-and-responsible-ai", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Australian Government published the "Safe and Responsible AI in Australia" Discussion Paper on 1 June 2023 to begin a national consultation on AI governance. It sets out a risk-based approach, canvasses international models, and seeks views on options including voluntary measures, standards, labelling, transparency, and potential mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Safe and Responsible AI in Australia — Government Interim Response to Consultation", "url": "https://consult.industry.gov.au/supporting-responsible-ai", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Australian Government published an interim response to the "Safe and responsible AI in Australia" consultation on 17 January 2024. The response endorses a risk-based approach focused on testing, transparency and accountability for AI in legitimate but high-risk settings, and announces immediate actions including a voluntary AI Safety Standard and establishment of an expert advisory group while considering possible mandatory guardrails....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Harnessing data and digital technology — Inquiry report (Productivity Commission, No. 111)", "url": "https://assets.pc.gov.au/2025-12/data-digital_0.pdf?VersionId=CllchxmIqslkQ9zbKND7jSMBvrMqPyxq", "description": "AI law in Australia: PC final report (19 Dec 2025) urges measured AI regulation, 3‑year monitoring of copyright, and data/privacy reforms.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National AI Action Plan (AI Action Plan)", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/news/action-plan-artificial-intelligence-australia", "description": "AI law in Australia: Australia’s AI Action Plan (June 2021) sets a national strategy to position Australia as a global leader in the development and adoption of trusted, secure and responsible artificial intelligence. It commits targeted investment to establish a National AI Centre, capability hubs, skills and regional programs and reinforces implementation of existing ethics and privacy frameworks to support safe AI adoption across industry and government....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Policy for the responsible use of AI in government", "url": "https://www.digital.gov.au/policy/ai/policy", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Digital Transformation Agency’s "Policy for the responsible use of AI in government" (Version 1.1) took effect 1 September 2024. It mandates non-corporate Commonwealth entities to designate accountable official(s) and publish AI transparency statements, and encourages a risk-based, human-centred approach to government AI adoption aligned with existing legal frameworks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proposals Paper for Introducing Mandatory Guardrails for AI in High-Risk Settings", "url": "https://consult.industry.gov.au/ai-mandatory-guardrails", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Australian Government published a Proposals Paper on 5 September 2024 outlining proposed mandatory guardrails for AI systems used in high-risk settings. The paper proposes a risk-based approach (including a definition of high-risk AI), ten proposed mandatory guardrails, and three regulatory implementation options for consultation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NSW Artificial Intelligence Assessment Framework (AIAF)", "url": "https://www.digital.nsw.gov.au/policy/digital-assurance", "description": "AI law in Australia: The NSW Artificial Intelligence Assessment Framework (AIAF) is a mandatory, risk‑based self‑assessment tool for NSW Government agencies to identify, document and mitigate AI‑specific risks and to ensure alignment with the NSW AI Ethics Policy. Updated and reissued alongside Department of Customer Service Circular DCS-2024-04 (1 July 2024), the AIAF is embedded within the NSW Digital Assurance Framework and sets escalation criteria for high‑risk systems to the AI Review Committee....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Northern Territory AI Assurance Framework", "url": "https://digital.nt.gov.au/strategies-and-guidance/artificial-intelligence-assurance-framework", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Northern Territory AI Assurance Framework guides responsible and ethical AI use in government, enhancing public service while managing risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "DCS-2024-04 – Use of Artificial Intelligence by NSW Government Agencies (NSW circular making AI Ethics Policy and AIAF mandatory)", "url": "https://arp.nsw.gov.au/dcs-2024-04-use-of-artificial-intelligence-by-nsw-government-agencies", "description": "AI law in Australia: DCS-2024-04 is a mandatory Department of Customer Service circular (issued 1 July 2024) requiring all NSW Government agencies to comply with the Artificial Intelligence Ethics Policy and to use the NSW Artificial Intelligence Assessment Framework (AIAF). Projects with budgets over $5 million or funded by the Digital Restart Fund are subject to Digital Assurance Framework controls and higher-risk AI projects must be escalated to the NSW AI Review Committee....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Framework for the Assurance of Artificial Intelligence in Government", "url": "https://www.finance.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-06/National-framework-for-the-assurance-of-AI-in-government.pdf", "description": "AI law in Australia: The National Framework for the Assurance of Artificial Intelligence in Government (Version 1.0) was agreed by the Data and Digital Ministers Meeting and published 21 June 2024. It sets a nationally consistent, principles-based set of cornerstones and practical practices for how Australian, state and territory governments should assure AI use in public sector systems, aligning to Australia’s AI Ethics Principles and complementary international standards....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Administrative Guideline for the safe and responsible use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Victorian Public Sector", "url": "https://www.vic.gov.au/administrative-guideline-safe-responsible-use-gen-ai-vps", "description": "AI law in Australia: A principles-based administrative guideline issued by the Victorian Government (made by the Secretary, Department of Premier and Cabinet) establishing minimum requirements and safeguards for the use of generative AI across the Victorian Public Sector (VPS). It mandates use of agency-approved tools where possible, limits data inputs for public tools to publicly-available information, requires training, monitoring and compliance with existing privacy, records and human-rights law, and aligns VPS practice with Australia’s national AI assurance framework....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies and Recordkeeping Policy", "url": "https://prov.vic.gov.au/recordkeeping-government/a-z-topics/AI", "description": "AI law in Australia: Victoria's AI Recordkeeping Policy guides public offices on managing AI-generated records, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and human oversight to ensure compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial intelligence governance policy (Queensland Government)", "url": "https://www.forgov.qld.gov.au/information-technology/queensland-government-enterprise-architecture-qgea/qgea-directions-and-guidance/qgea-policies-standards-and-guidelines/artificial-intelligence-governance-policy", "description": "AI law in Australia: The Queensland Government Artificial Intelligence Governance Policy (issued September 2024) mandates consistent, evidence-based planning and governance for AI across Queensland Government agencies, requiring agency-level risk assessment and ISO 38507-aligned governance arrangements. It is supported by the Foundational Artificial Intelligence Risk Assessment (FAIRA) guideline and framework to guide ethical risk assessment and assurance practices....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial intelligence governance policy", "url": "https://www.forgov.qld.gov.au/information-and-communication-technology/qgea-policies-standards-and-guidelines/artificial-intelligence-governance-policy", "description": "AI law in Australia: This policy guides Queensland government agencies in the ethical, transparent, and accountable use of AI, requiring comprehensive risk assessments and adherence to ISO 38507 standards....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2026", "title": "Australia passes AI Transparency and Accountability Act 2026", "url": "https://www.aph.gov.au", "description": "The Australian Parliament passed the AI Transparency and Accountability Act, establishing mandatory transparency requirements for high-risk AI systems, including disclosure obligations, impact assessments, and a new regulatory body within the Department of Industry for enforcement.", "categories": [ "Transparency", "Accountability", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2026", "title": "Jenson & Lockridge (No 2)", "url": "/documents/1847/Jenson__Lockridge_No_2_2026_FedCFamC1A_44_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | AI amalgamated disparate legal principles into the appellant's Summary of Argument and oral submissions, producing repetitive and uncontextualised appellate phrases relied on at hearing. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order; Appeal dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; Appeal dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "1540 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Edmonds v Barrington Winstanley Group", "url": "/documents/1845/Edmonds_v_Barrington_Winstanley_Group_Pty_Ltd_No_3_2026_NSWCA_31_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New South Wales. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants' written submissions cited a non-existent High Court authority; Court noted the citation did not correspond to any such case and directed it to a different case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC New South Wales", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "GSA v. Department of Communities", "url": "/documents/1846/GSA_-v-_DEPARTMENT_OF_COMMUNITIES_2026_WASCA_36_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the SC Western Australia. False Quotes: Legal Norm | Appellant read an AI-generated quotation he attributed to s 14(1)(b) Criminal Appeals Act; judge found the quotation inaccurate, called AI 'deceptive', and required source disclosure.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC Western Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 March 2026", "title": "Nicole Levey-Wilson v The Trustee for Attivita Group Unit Trust", "url": "/documents/1844/Nicole_Levey-Wilson_v_The_Trustee_for_Attivita_Group_Unit_Trust_2026_FWC_783_1_IxTY5u2.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Fair Work Commission. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant's submission referenced s.341(1)(c)(ii); Commissioner found the reference appeared AI-generated and nonsensical in context. Outcome: Application dismissed..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Application dismissed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "Oberoi v. Douglas", "url": "/documents/1640/Oberoi_v_Douglas_2026_VSCA_31_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the CA Victoria. Fabricated: Case Law | 7 fabricated authorities Outcome: Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "CA Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 March 2026", "title": "ELG20 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/1842/ELG20_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_2026_FedCFamC2G_315_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT; OpenAI in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions cited numerous fictitious cases; Minister identified the fictitious citations and the Court declined to reproduce them. Outcome: Admonishment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; OpenAI", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Rinaldi v Department of Justice (Right to Information and Privacy)", "url": "/documents/1853/Rinaldi_v_Department_of_Justice_16_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Queensland CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Lutvey v Department of Community Safety'; Tribunal found the case does not appear to exist and noted AI use in submissions. Outcome: Appeal dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "RYJZ and Commissioner of Taxation (Taxation)", "url": "/documents/1851/RYJZ_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Taxation_2026_ARTA_182_12_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the ART Australia. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Cheung v FCT [2021] AATA 3851'; Tribunal and Commissioner found no record of that case and treated it as a fabricated citation, noting possible AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "ART Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Morcos v Bayside Council", "url": "/documents/1522/Morcos_v._Bayside_Australia_10_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the IRC New South Wales. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's filed list of authorities contained multiple 'hallucinated' (fabricated) cases; the Commission observed the list appeared to include AI-generated fabricated cases and questioned the applicant's candour.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "IRC New South Wales", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 February 2026", "title": "Jorgensen v JML Rose Pty Ltd (Security for Costs)", "url": "/documents/1849/Jorgensen_v_JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_Security_for_Costs_2026_FCA_64_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Court of Australia. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on AI-generated references that included non-existent authorities; JML relied on Wheatley J's prior finding of such AI use to argue increased costs. Outcome: Order for security for costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Court of Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order for security for costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 February 2026", "title": "Application by Pennisi", "url": "/documents/1848/Application_by_Pennisi_2026_FWC_352_5_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Fair Work Commission. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on an authority cited as Iwasaki v Hays [2019] FWCFB 1761; the Commission found that this citation does not exist and declined to treat it as supporting exceptional circumstances.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2)", "url": "/documents/1852/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | A case cited at para [27] of the applicant's original submissions was non-existent; the court found it was AI-generated and refused to reproduce it. Counsel admitted the citations came from an AI-generated Google summary. Outcome: Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Broadwater Tower", "url": "/documents/1521/Broadwater_Tower__Australia_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Queensland BCCMC. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited s 227 of the Act as a provision about 'abuse of power and retaliatory conduct'; adjudicator found s 227 actually pertains to the meaning of 'dispute' and flagged the citation as incorrect. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland BCCMC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 January 2026", "title": "Health Care Complaints Commission v Campbell", "url": "/documents/1520/Health_Care_Complaints_Commission_v_Campbell_Australia_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the NSW CAT. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Submission cited 's 3(3)(c) of the National Law' which the Tribunal noted has been repealed (outdated statutory provision).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Riley v. Nuvei Australia Merchant Services", "url": "/documents/1519/Mr_Jason_Riley_v_Nuvei_Australia_Merchant_Services_Pty_Ltd_Australia_19_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Fair Work Commission. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited several Fair Work Commission decisions as authority for the proposition that WorkCover certificates lack probative value; Commission found those cited decisions do not exist.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 January 2026", "title": "Lutfi v. Tucker", "url": "/documents/1518/Lutfi_v_Tucker_Australia_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions included a cited authority that did not exist; applicant admitted AI prepared the submissions and the court treated it as a fabricated case citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 January 2026", "title": "Smith and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "/documents/1325/Smith_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Administrative Review Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'AAT Case [2011] AATA 206' as supporting reconstructed records; Tribunal noted the actual decision at that citation is Barclay and Repatriation Commission [2011] AATA 206 and it does not support the Applicant's proposition (misrepresentation/misapplication).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 December 2025", "title": "Mrs Sandra Archer v GTC Contracting", "url": "/documents/1324/Mrs_Sandra_Archer_v_GTC_Contracting_Pty__Australia_24_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Fair Work Commission. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Tekla & Tekla", "url": "/documents/1322/Tekla__Tekla_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'Dogan & Dogan' (said to be Family Court of Australia, 2004); court noted it does not exist and omitted it from reasons.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "In the matter of Bayfoyle", "url": "/documents/1323/In_the_matter_of_Bayfoyle_Pty_Ltd_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the SC New South Wales. Fabricated: Case Law | Submissions and outline relied on several non-existent case authorities likely generated by AI; an email falsely attributed one non-existent authority to a Court reference; court noted failure to verify. Outcome: Adverse Costs Order (AI misuse one of the factors); Declined to Refer to the Bar.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC New South Wales", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order (AI misuse one of the factors); Declined to Refer to the Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Leytcorp v Mimbim Enterprises", "url": "/documents/1320/Leytcorp_Pty_Ltd_v_Mimbim_Enterprises_Pty_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Trade Marks Office. Fabricated: Case Law | Removal Applicant's written submissions referenced several non-existent case authorities and attendant non-existent propositions of law; delegate characterised these references as AI hallucinations arising from the representative's materials.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Trade Marks Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Rathi & Rathi", "url": "/documents/1321/Rathi__Rathi_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited 's 43(c) of the Act', but the court noted there is no s 43(c) of the Act and treated it as an AI-generated (fabricated) citation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/1319/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship__Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions cited multiple authorities that, on request, could not be produced because they do not exist; Minister alerted the Court to the non-existence. Outcome: Order to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "16 December 2025", "title": "Pakuza v Workers' Compensation Regulator", "url": "/documents/1317/Pakuza_v_Workers_Compensation_Regulator_Australia_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Queensland IRC. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's attachment to Form 4 listed authorities that the Regulator and chambers could not locate; the Commission noted the authorities could not be found.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Chu v Darmali", "url": "/documents/1316/Chu_v_Darmali_Australia_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the FCA. Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Respondent cited 'Bassola v Bassola (No 2) [1985] FamCA 33; (1985) FLC 91-629' and relied on it for the proposition that honest filing is not abuse; the court treated this as a mischaracterisation of Re Bassola and noted it was overturned on appeal.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "FCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 December 2025", "title": "Carrington v TAFE Queensland", "url": "/documents/1315/Carrington_v_TAFE_Queensland_Australia_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Queensland IRC. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Coleman v State of Queensland [2021] QIRC 243'; the court found that [2021] QIRC 243 corresponds to Chan & Ors v State of Queensland and could not locate the asserted authority as cited.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "A'Vard v Mornington Peninsula SC", "url": "/documents/1314/AVard_v_Mornington_Peninsula_SC_Australia_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Victorian CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant (self-represented) used AI to cite 'Healy v Boroondara CC'; Tribunal proceeded on the basis the AI citation was incorrect and applied the established Healy principles instead.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Mertz & Mertz (No 3)", "url": "/documents/1101/Mertz__Mertz_No_3_Australia_28_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Originally filed Summary of Argument (17 Oct 2025) contained non-existent, inaccurate and misleading authorities generated with the assistance of AI; Court described these as hallucinations and accepted they had not been verified. Outcome: Costs Order; Bar Referrals.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Bar Referrals", "monetary_penalty": "10000 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Re Walker", "url": "/documents/1074/Re_Walker_Australia_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used CourtAid; ChatGPT in proceedings before the SC Victoria. Misrepresented: Case Law | Two other authorities in the submissions were inaccurately cited or misnamed; the solicitor provided corrected names/copies for some but one corrected authority was irrelevant to the passing-over issue. Outcome: Reprimand.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CourtAid; ChatGPT", "outcome": "Reprimand", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Kim v. Insurance Australia", "url": "/documents/1789/Kim_v_0IqhuqK._Insurance_Australia_Australia_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Judge used Bard in proceedings before the ACT CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Allianz v Motor Accident Injuries Commission [2022] ACTSC 45 Outcome: Decision was removed from ACAT website.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "ACT CAT", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Bard", "outcome": "Decision was removed from ACAT website", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Wills v Wilson", "url": "/documents/1078/Wills_v_Wilson_Building_and_Property_2025_VCAT_1022.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Victorian CAT. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants cited a case allegedly called 'Reynolds' with a citation that actually corresponds to a different case; Tribunal concluded this was part of an AI hallucination/misattribution.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "Clarke v State of Queensland (Department of Education)", "url": "/documents/1313/Clarke_v_State_of_Queensland_Department_of_Education_Australia_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Queensland IRC. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited three Commission decisions and quoted passages that could not be located; the court found the authorities were AI-generated and unavailable.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 October 2025", "title": "Huang v. Champion Homes Sales", "url": "/documents/1010/Huang_v_Champion_Homes_Sales_Pty_Ltd_2025_NSWCATAP_271_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the NSW. Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Grounds contained non-existent or incorrect case citations produced by generative AI; the Appeal Panel noted these authorities were inaccurate and unverified.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Sky Gardens", "url": "/documents/1009/Sky_Gardens_Australia_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Queensland BCCMC. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited multiple authorities; adjudicator found several of the cited cases do not exist and at least one 'does not appear to exist at all'. Outcome: Adverse costs order for \"misconceived and without substance\" application.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland BCCMC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse costs order for \"misconceived and without substance\" application", "monetary_penalty": "2000 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "Vivek Singha v. Metal Manufactures", "url": "/documents/1011/Vivek_Singha_v_Metal_Manufactures_Pty_Limited_2025_FWC_2817_8_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Fair Work Commission. Fabricated: Case Law | Commission and Costs Applicant identified that the citation 'Corey v Metro Trains [2013] FWC 7893' does not exist; court concluded it was likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "October 2025", "title": "Digital NSW: AI Agent Usage and Deployment Guidance", "url": "https://www.digital.nsw.gov.au/delivery/digital-service-toolkit/resources/ai-agent-usage-and-deployment-guidance", "description": "The NSW Department of Customer Service published comprehensive guidance for New South Wales government agencies and businesses on the responsible use and deployment of AI agents. The document covers risk classification of agentic AI systems, human oversight requirements, accountability frameworks for automated decision-making, and safeguards for high-stakes contexts. It addresses specific challenges of agentic AI including multi-step reasoning, tool use, and autonomous action, setting a standard for responsible AI agent deployment in public sector contexts.", "categories": [ "AI Governance", "Transparency & Explainability", "Risk Management" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Hugo v Affinity Education Group Pty Ltd", "url": "/documents/818/Hugo_v_Affinity_Education_Group_Pty_Ltd_2025_FedCFamC2G_1536_18_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's affidavits and submissions included citations to authorities that 'do not appear to exist'; court noted this suggested use of generative AI and required respondents to incur expense to verify the authorities. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 September 2025", "title": "Howe v. NSW Department of Education", "url": "/documents/819/HOWE_v_SECRETARY_NEW_SOUTH_WALES_DEPARTMENT_OF_EDUCATION_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the NSW Industrial Relations Commission. Fabricated: Case Law | A cited authority could not be located and was treated by the Respondent as entirely fictional; the Commission redacted the citation to avoid propagation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW Industrial Relations Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Helmold & Mariya (No 2)", "url": "/documents/817/Helmold__Mariya_No_2_2025_FedCFamC1A_163_12_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's Notice of Appeal and Summary of Argument contained multiple case citations that the Court could not locate and concluded were fictitious; the Court recorded the citations could not be found and were not authoritative. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "Mark Khoury v Nira Kooij", "url": "/documents/764/Mark_Khoury_v_Nira_Kooij_2025_QSC_217_3_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used implied in proceedings before the Supreme Court of Queensland. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a case name (redacted) purportedly reported at [2017] QSC 105 and quoted from it; the Court could not find the cited name or the quoted passage. Outcome: Application dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court of Queensland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Gribble v Essential Energy", "url": "/documents/762/Gribble_v_ESSENTIAL_ENERGY_trading_as_Essential_Energy_2025_NSWDC_344_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the NSW D.C.. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a wholly imaginary judgment purportedly authored by the presiding judge; the court found the judgment did not exist and treated it as a Gen AI hallucination, redacting the reference. Outcome: Plaintiff ordered to exclude all Gen AI material.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff ordered to exclude all Gen AI material", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Stewart v Good Shepherd", "url": "/documents/761/Stewart_v_Good_Shepherd_Australia_New_Zealand_2025_VSCA_206_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Victoria CA. Fabricated: Case Law | The applicant's written submissions included 'non-existent authority' citations (fabricated cases/authorities); the judge noted these as phantom authorities and said their inclusion did not help the applicant.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Victoria CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Butler and National Disability Insurance Agency", "url": "/documents/760/Butler_and_National_Disability_Insurance_Agency_NDIS_2025_ARTA_1579_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Expert used Unidentified in proceedings before the Administrative Review Tribunal. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Expert reports were prepared with AI assistance that introduced unverified or incorrect citations and inserted wording (e.g., the phrase 'minimum necessary'); Mr Reilly corrected some AI-generated citations and authors could not confirm citation accuracy. Outcome: Tribunal criticised the reliability of AI-assisted expert reports and gave them reduced weight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Tribunal criticised the reliability of AI-assisted expert reports and gave them reduced weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 August 2025", "title": "The Meniscus Trust v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue", "url": "/documents/763/Meniscus_v_Chief_Commissioner_of_State_Revenue_Australia_21_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Google Gemini; ChatGPT in proceedings before the NSW. Outcome: Arguments produced by AI given lesser weight.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Google Gemini; ChatGPT", "outcome": "Arguments produced by AI given lesser weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "19 August 2025", "title": "JML Rose Pty Ltd v Jorgensen (No 3)", "url": "/documents/717/JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_v_Jorgensen_Australia.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Federal Court of Australia. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: N/A.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Court of Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "18 August 2025", "title": "Wang v Moutidis", "url": "/documents/720/Wang_v_Moutidis_2025_VCC_1156_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Gen AI in proceedings before the County Court of Victoria. False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | purports to quote from parts of Mr Beck’s and Mr Quick’s written reports, apparently in Mr Moutidis’ favour, however the quoted statements do not exist in either report. Instead, the experts’ opinions are the opposite to what the Gen AI has alleged; Outcome: Arguments disregarded.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "County Court of Victoria", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Gen AI", "outcome": "Arguments disregarded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/716/JNE24_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Claude AI, Microsoft Copilot in proceedings before the Federal Circuit and Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s written submissions included fictitious case citations; Court found some of the four cited cases did not exist and declined to reproduce them. Outcome: Referral to the Bar; Personal costs order against lawyer (who reimbursed his client).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude AI, Microsoft Copilot", "outcome": "Referral to the Bar; Personal costs order against lawyer (who reimbursed his client)", "monetary_penalty": "8371 AUD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Director of Public Prosecutions v GR", "url": "/documents/664/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions_v_GR_2025_VSC_490_14_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court of Victoria. Fabricated: Case Law | Initial joint submissions cited non-existent Supreme Court of Victoria cases; court could not locate them and senior counsel admitted \"They do not exist.\" Outcome: N/A.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court of Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Deysel v Electra Lift Co.", "url": "/documents/709/Mr_Branden_Deysel_v_Electra_Lift_Co..pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Fair Work Commission. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Chat GPT produced advice asserting various employment and statutory obligations were contravened and recommended commencing a s.365 application; the Commission found 'no basis for this advice' and that reliance on it led to an unmeritorious claim. Outcome: Application dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "May v Costaras", "url": "/documents/654/May_v_Costaras_Australia_8_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the NSW CA. Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s list of authorities included a non-existent case; the Court confirmed no such case exists. Outcome: Appeal dismissed. No specific sanction for AI use, but highlighted need for judicial vigilance..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed. No specific sanction for AI use, but highlighted need for judicial vigilance.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Rafi Najib v MSS Security Pty Limited", "url": "/documents/548/Rafi_Najib_v_MSS_Security_Pty_Limited_Australia_2_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Fair Work Commission. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant relied on legal principles and cases not consonant with current authority to argue forced resignation. Outcome: Application dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Murray v. State of Victoria", "url": "/documents/533/Murray_v._Victoria_2_July_2025_Australia.docx", "description": "Lawyer used Google Scholar (allegedly) in proceedings before the Federal Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Most footnoted anthropological/historical sources in the Applicant’s Summary did not exist; FNLRS described the citations as fabricated and the Court accepted they likely arose from AI hallucination. Outcome: Order of costs to other party; no professional referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google Scholar (allegedly)", "outcome": "Order of costs to other party; no professional referral", "monetary_penalty": "1 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Page v. Long", "url": "/documents/532/Page_v._Long_27_June_2025_Australia.docx", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Melbourne County Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's written submissions relied on 11 non-existent cases to argue courts require convincing circumstantial evidence in civil trespass. Outcome: Litigant lost on merits.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Melbourne County Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Litigant lost on merits", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Bottrill v Graham & Anor (No 2)", "url": "https://www.caselaw.nsw.gov.au/decision/19786d8efe68a18738382c63", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the District Court of New South Wales. Fabricated: Case Law | \"All of the judgments and rules referred to in the submissions of 21 May 2025 were misstated, non-existent, or both\" Outcome: The second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal of the plaintiff’s claim was dismissed, with costs reserved to the trial judge..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "District Court of New South Wales", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "The second defendant's Notice of Motion for summary dismissal of the plaintiff’s claim was dismissed, with costs reserved to the trial judge.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Ivins v KMA Consulting Engineers & Ors", "url": "/documents/549/Ivins_v_KMA_Consulting_Engineers_Pty_Ltd__Ors_Australia_2_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Queensland IRC. Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited a non-existent authority; the Commission searched and confirmed it is not an actual QIRC decision. Outcome: Relevant Submissions ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Relevant Submissions ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "GNX v. Children's Guardian", "url": "https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/nsw/NSWCATAD/2025/117.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the NSW. Outcome: Warning for continuation of proceedings.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "NSW", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning for continuation of proceedings", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Nikolic & Anor v Nationwide News Pty Ltd & Anor", "url": "/documents/888/Nikolic__Anor_v_Nationwide_News_Pty_Ltd__Anor_2025_VSCA_112_23_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Victoria. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs relied on 'R v Smith (1983) 1 VR 665, 668' for a costs proposition; the Court found that citation was misattributed—the report at that citation is Karenlee Nominees Pty Ltd v Gollin & Co Ltd [1983] 1 VR 657—not the cited R v Smith.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC Victoria", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "Department of Justice v Wise", "url": "/documents/553/Department_of_Justice_v_Wise_Australia_11_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Party cited 'Re Bowen [2010] QCAT 246' which the Tribunal found does not exist; citation belongs to an unrelated case. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 April 2025", "title": "Rowe v National Australia Bank Ltd", "url": "https://anzlaw.thomsonreuters.com/Browse/Home/Australia160/Cases/SouthAustraliaCases?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&VR=3.0&RS=cblt1.0", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the South Australia. Fabricated: Case Law | Three High Court decisions and a NSW Court of Appeal decision, all fabricated", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "South Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 April 2025", "title": "Bangholme Investments Pty Ltd v Greater Dandenong CC", "url": "/documents/1047/Bangholme_Investments_Pty_Ltd_v_Greater_Dandenong_CC_Australia_3_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the Victorian CAT. Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Alan Hood relied on an AI search that asserted the Council was required to notify objectors; the Tribunal found the AI result 'plainly incorrect' and emphasised Hood had already received proper notification.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "LYJ v. Occupational Therapy Board of Australia", "url": "https://naturalandartificiallaw.com/ai-hallucinations-by-chatgpt/", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Queensland. Fabricated: Case Law Outcome: No sanction; Fabrication noted; Warning issued regarding AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "No sanction; Fabrication noted; Warning issued regarding AI use", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Goodchild v State of Queensland", "url": "/documents/550/Goodchild_v_State_of_Queensland_Australia_13_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used \"Internet searches\" in proceedings before the Queensland IRC. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent Fair Work Commission decision to justify an extension of time; searches found no such case and Applicant admitted sourcing via general internet searches; court gave it no weight. Outcome: Relevant submissions ignored.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "\"Internet searches\"", "outcome": "Relevant submissions ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Luck v Commonwealth of Australia", "url": "/documents/544/Luck_v_Commonwealth_of_Australia_Australia_11_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent case 'Nicholson v Heaven [2000] FCA 191'; court noted [2000] FCA 191 is Western Australia v Ward and it does not support her proposition; chambers queried and applicant admitted erroneous citation. Outcome: The court dismissed the applicant's interlocutory application for disqualification and referral to a Full Court..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Federal Court", "outcome": "The court dismissed the applicant's interlocutory application for disqualification and referral to a Full Court.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "5 February 2025", "title": "QWYN and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "/documents/542/QWYN_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_5_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Copilot in proceedings before the Administrative Review Tribunal of Australia. False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Applicant relied on a Copilot-generated quote from the Explanatory Memorandum to the Taxation Laws Amendment (Superannuation) Bill 1992 stating a 15% rebate applies to all disability pensions (taxed and untaxed). The Tribunal checked the EM, found no such paragraph ... Outcome: The Tribunal affirmed the decision under review, rejecting the applicant's submissions based on the AI-generated content..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal of Australia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "The Tribunal affirmed the decision under review, rejecting the applicant's submissions based on the AI-generated content.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "31 January 2025", "title": "Valu v. Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/430/Valu_v._Minister_for_Immigration_and_Multicultural_Affairs_Australia_31_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's submissions cited 'Murray v Luton [2001] FCA 1245'; Minister and Court confirmed no such decision exists; Court staff spent time unsuccessfully searching. Outcome: Referral to Legal Services Commissioner.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to Legal Services Commissioner", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "24 January 2025", "title": "Body by Michael Pty Ltd and Industry Innovation and Science Australia", "url": "/documents/543/Industry_Innovation_and_Science_Australia_Australia_24_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Administrative Review Tribunal. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s BBM SFIC contained citations to non-existent cases in paras 35–37, later withdrawn before hearing. Outcome: Fake references withdrawn before the hearing.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Fake references withdrawn before the hearing", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "20 January 2025", "title": "Candice Dias v Angle Auto Finance", "url": "https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/cth/FWC/2025/47.html", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Fair Work Commission. Fabricated: Case Law | in relation to Kenny v Business Council of Australia [2015] FCAFC 75 it had been unable to find a case of that name and citation, with the citation being for a different case,", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 November 2024", "title": "Kaur v RMIT", "url": "/documents/1046/Kaur_v_RMIT_Australia_11_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the SC Victoria (CA). Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written materials (apparently drafted with LLM such as ChatGPT) contained multiple non-existent case citations; the Court omitted those fabricated citations from the reasons.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "SC Victoria (CA)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 August 2024", "title": "In re Dayal", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/361/In_Re_Dayal_Australia_August_27_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used LEAP in proceedings before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Solicitor tendered a list and summaries of 'relevant authorities' with medium neutral citations that were identified as inaccurate and admitted to be non-existent. Outcome: Referral to the Victorian Legal Services Board and Commissioner for potential disciplinary review; no punitive order issued by the court itself; apology accepted..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "LEAP", "outcome": "Referral to the Victorian Legal Services Board and Commissioner for potential disciplinary review; no punitive order issued by the court itself; apology accepted.", "professional_sanction": "Yes", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 July 2024", "title": "Lakaev v McConkey", "url": "/documents/552/Lakaev_v_McConkey_Australia_12_July_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court of Tasmania. Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant mischaracterized De L v Director-General as a case about false testimony leading to reversal; the Court clarified it concerned international child abduction and not false evidence. Outcome: Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court of Tasmania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "Finch v The Heat Group", "url": "/documents/1050/Finch_v_The_Heat_Group_Pty_Ltd_Australia_27_February_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Family Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant provided 'IOOF Holdings Ltd v TPT Patrol Pty Ltd [2019] FCAFC 115' as an authority restraining a firm; court found no such case under that name and the citation [2019] FCAFC 115 corresponds to Calidad Pty Ltd v Seiko Epson Corp, which does not concern a restraint ...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "17 January 2024", "title": "Safe and Responsible AI in Australia Consultation, Interim Response", "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/converlens-au-industry/industry/p/prj2452c8e24d7a400c72429/public_assets/safe-and-responsible-ai-in-australia-governments-interim-response.pdf", "description": "Considers mandatory safety guardrails for high-risk AI applications. Plans to consult on regulatory frameworks, including testing and transparency. Collaborates internationally on AI safety. Focuses on balancing innovation with risk management, enhancing privacy laws, and addressing misinformation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 May 2023", "title": "Nash v. Director of Public Prosecutions", "url": "/documents/554/NASH_v._DIRECTOR_OF_PUBLIC_PROSECUTIONS_Australia_8_May_2023.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal. Outcome: Appeal dismissed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "07 November 2019", "title": "Australia’s AI Ethics Principles", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/australias-artificial-intelligence-ethics-framework/australias-ai-ethics-principles", "description": "Prioritizes AI systems' benefits to individuals, society, and environment. Ensures respect for human rights, fairness, privacy, and data security. Requires transparency, explainability, and mechanisms for contestability. Holds accountable those responsible for AI throughout its lifecycle.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Jenson & Lockridge (No 2)", "url": "/documents/1847/Jenson__Lockridge_No_2_2026_FedCFamC1A_44_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | AI amalgamated disparate legal principles into the appellant's Summary of Argument and oral submissions, producing repetitive and uncontextualised appellate phrases relied on at hearing. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | AI-generated or AI-influenced complaints advanced on appeal were contrary to the appellant's case at trial or had been abandoned, obscuring effective grounds of appeal. || Misrepresented: Other | AI attributed reasoning to the primary judge that did not appear in the reasons; the Court described these as 'hallucinations' and rejected grounds relying on them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; Appeal dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "1540 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "Edmonds v Barrington Winstanley Group", "url": "/documents/1845/Edmonds_v_Barrington_Winstanley_Group_Pty_Ltd_No_3_2026_NSWCA_31_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants' written submissions cited a non-existent High Court authority; Court noted the citation did not correspond to any such case and directed it to a different case. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Applicants' submissions alleged an 'uploading of a non-existent mortgage (AU379627)' among other asserted documentary irregularities in their reply submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC New South Wales", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "GSA v. Department of Communities", "url": "/documents/1846/GSA_-v-_DEPARTMENT_OF_COMMUNITIES_2026_WASCA_36_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm | Appellant read an AI-generated quotation he attributed to s 14(1)(b) Criminal Appeals Act; judge found the quotation inaccurate, called AI 'deceptive', and required source disclosure.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Western Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Nicole Levey-Wilson v The Trustee for Attivita Group Unit Trust", "url": "/documents/1844/Nicole_Levey-Wilson_v_The_Trustee_for_Attivita_Group_Unit_Trust_2026_FWC_783_1_IxTY5u2.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant's submission referenced s.341(1)(c)(ii); Commissioner found the reference appeared AI-generated and nonsensical in context.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Application dismissed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Malik v Insurance Australia Limited", "url": "/documents/1843/Malik_v_Insurance_Australia_Limited_2026_NSWDC_46_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant alleged the plaintiff's filings contained hallucinated/cited cases that do not exist; court noted instances of fabricated case law though specific fabricated citations were not identified in reasons. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Defendant alleged the plaintiff misquoted public documents and misapplied legal principle in submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New South Wales", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Oberoi v. Douglas", "url": "/documents/1640/Oberoi_v_Douglas_2026_VSCA_31_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | 7 fabricated authorities || False Quotes: Case Law | 12 false quotes.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "ELG20 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/1842/ELG20_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_2026_FedCFamC2G_315_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions cited numerous fictitious cases; Minister identified the fictitious citations and the Court declined to reproduce them. || False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant ascribed quotations to an existing case (SZATV) that do not appear in that case; Court noted the misattribution.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; OpenAI", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-16", "title": "Rinaldi v Department of Justice (Right to Information and Privacy)", "url": "/documents/1853/Rinaldi_v_Department_of_Justice_16_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Lutvey v Department of Community Safety'; Tribunal found the case does not appear to exist and noted AI use in submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Cameron v Department of Environment and Resource Management'; Tribunal found the case does not appear to exist and linked the references to AI generation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "RYJZ and Commissioner of Taxation (Taxation)", "url": "/documents/1851/RYJZ_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Taxation_2026_ARTA_182_12_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Cheung v FCT [2021] AATA 3851'; Tribunal and Commissioner found no record of that case and treated it as a fabricated citation, noting possible AI use. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Dwyer v FCT [2018] AATA 456'; Tribunal and Commissioner found no record of that case and treated it as a fabricated citation, noting possible AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "ART Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Morcos v Bayside Council", "url": "/documents/1522/Morcos_v._Bayside_Australia_10_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's filed list of authorities contained multiple 'hallucinated' (fabricated) cases; the Commission observed the list appeared to include AI-generated fabricated cases and questioned the applicant's candour. || Fabricated: Case Law | The applicant's filed list of authorities included multiple fabricated (hallucinated) case citations; the Commission observed this at the hearing and questioned the applicant about AI use but did not analyse individual fake citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "IRC New South Wales", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Jorgensen v JML Rose Pty Ltd (Security for Costs)", "url": "/documents/1849/Jorgensen_v_JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_Security_for_Costs_2026_FCA_64_9_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on AI-generated references that included non-existent authorities; JML relied on Wheatley J's prior finding of such AI use to argue increased costs. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant relied on authorities produced or cited that did not support the propositions for which they were cited; Court noted earlier discussion of this issue in JML Rose Pty Ltd v Jorgensen (No 3) [2025] FCA 976.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Court of Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order for security for costs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Application by Pennisi", "url": "/documents/1848/Application_by_Pennisi_2026_FWC_352_5_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on an authority cited as Iwasaki v Hays [2019] FWCFB 1761; the Commission found that this citation does not exist and declined to treat it as supporting exceptional circumstances.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2)", "url": "/documents/1852/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A case cited at para [27] of the applicant's original submissions was non-existent; the court found it was AI-generated and refused to reproduce it. Counsel admitted the citations came from an AI-generated Google summary. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second case cited at para [27] of the applicant's original submissions was non-existent; the court determined it was a hallucinated authority produced by AI and did not rely on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | A third case cited at para [27] of the applicant's original submissions was non-existent; the court treated it as an AI hallucination and the solicitors withdrew reliance on the citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Broadwater Tower", "url": "/documents/1521/Broadwater_Tower__Australia_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited s 227 of the Act as a provision about 'abuse of power and retaliatory conduct'; adjudicator found s 227 actually pertains to the meaning of 'dispute' and flagged the citation as incorrect. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited s 205(6) of the Act as relating to 'non-existent body corporate records'; adjudicator found s 205(6) concerns the giving of a body corporate certificate, not the claimed record-keeping obligation. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicant cited s 167 of the Act as a provision pertaining to 'oppression and interference with services'; adjudicator observed s 167 actually relates to nuisances caused by occupiers.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland BCCMC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Health Care Complaints Commission v Campbell", "url": "/documents/1520/Health_Care_Complaints_Commission_v_Campbell_Australia_30_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Submission cited 's 3(3)(c) of the National Law' which the Tribunal noted has been repealed (outdated statutory provision). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Submission relied on 'Health Care Complaints Commission v Mitchell [2012] NSWCATOD 151 at [98]', which the Tribunal found did not appear to exist and the cited paragraph did not exist in the real Mitchell decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Submission cited 'Psychology Council of NSW v X [2020] NSWCATOD 156' which does not exist; Tribunal noted the citation corresponds to HCCC v Rakheja [2020] NSWCATOD 156 and there is no such 'Psychology Council of NSW v X' authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Submission cited 'Health Care Complaints Commission v Istephan [2012] NSWDT 1 at [8]', a decision that does not exist; Tribunal noted the actual Istephan decision is [2017] NSWCATOD 15 and another relevant 2012 citation is Phung (No 1) [2012] NSWDT 1.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "title": "Riley v. Nuvei Australia Merchant Services", "url": "/documents/1519/Mr_Jason_Riley_v_Nuvei_Australia_Merchant_Services_Pty_Ltd_Australia_19_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited several Fair Work Commission decisions as authority for the proposition that WorkCover certificates lack probative value; Commission found those cited decisions do not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on authority (purported cases) for the statement that a certificate of capacity 'lacks probative value'; Commission found no authority supports that proposition and noted the cited decisions do not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Lutfi v. Tucker", "url": "/documents/1518/Lutfi_v_Tucker_Australia_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions included a cited authority that did not exist; applicant admitted AI prepared the submissions and the court treated it as a fabricated case citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Smith and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "/documents/1325/Smith_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'AAT Case [2011] AATA 206' as supporting reconstructed records; Tribunal noted the actual decision at that citation is Barclay and Repatriation Commission [2011] AATA 206 and it does not support the Applicant's proposition (misrepresentation/misapplication). || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a Tribunal decision 'Re Jowett v Commissioner of Taxation [2011] AATA 433' that does not exist; Tribunal noted the citation was a hallucination and the actual decision at that citation does not support the Applicant's point. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on 'Harris v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2019] AATA 2332' which the Tribunal said does not exist under that name (the cited docket corresponds to a different migration case); characterised as a hallucinated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Case V164 (1989)', a purported authority that the Tribunal identified as non-existent (hallucinated). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Vidler v Commissioner of Taxation [2010] FCAFC 59 for reconstructed-records principle; Tribunal held Vidler is irrelevant to that proposition and was misapplied by the Applicant. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant linked to Federal Commissioner of Land Tax v Jowett [1930] HCA 51 as if it supported reconstructed-records arguments; Tribunal said the High Court decision is unrelated and was misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-24", "title": "Mrs Sandra Archer v GTC Contracting", "url": "/documents/1324/Mrs_Sandra_Archer_v_GTC_Contracting_Pty__Australia_24_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Tekla & Tekla", "url": "/documents/1322/Tekla__Tekla_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'Dogan & Dogan' (said to be Family Court of Australia, 2004); court noted it does not exist and omitted it from reasons. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on 'Duncan & Duncan' with a 2016 citation which does not exist; court identified it as a fabricated authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on 'Tindal & Tindal' with a 2007 citation which does not exist; court identified it as fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed a proposition to Penfold v Penfold that the case does not contain (claimed that costs orders should not impose undue hardship); court noted incorrect citation and misstatement of authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant misstated the House v The King test, describing legal unreasonableness as a test of 'fairness'; court identified this as an incorrect statement of the precedent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited Jurchenko & Foster [2014] FamCAFC 127 with an incorrect citation and relied on it to support family violence despite that case rejecting the claims; court noted the incorrect citation and misapplication.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "In the matter of Bayfoyle", "url": "/documents/1323/In_the_matter_of_Bayfoyle_Pty_Ltd_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Submissions and outline relied on several non-existent case authorities likely generated by AI; an email falsely attributed one non-existent authority to a Court reference; court noted failure to verify.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC New South Wales", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order (AI misuse one of the factors); Declined to Refer to the Bar", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Leytcorp v Mimbim Enterprises", "url": "/documents/1320/Leytcorp_Pty_Ltd_v_Mimbim_Enterprises_Pty_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Removal Applicant's written submissions referenced several non-existent case authorities and attendant non-existent propositions of law; delegate characterised these references as AI hallucinations arising from the representative's materials.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Trade Marks Office", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Rathi & Rathi", "url": "/documents/1321/Rathi__Rathi_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited 's 43(c) of the Act', but the court noted there is no s 43(c) of the Act and treated it as an AI-generated (fabricated) citation. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant relied on 's 97(3)' in submissions; the court found that section did not support the appellant's contention and treated the reliance as evidence of generative AI use (misrepresentation/misapplication).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/1319/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship__Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written submissions cited multiple authorities that, on request, could not be produced because they do not exist; Minister alerted the Court to the non-existence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Pakuza v Workers' Compensation Regulator", "url": "/documents/1317/Pakuza_v_Workers_Compensation_Regulator_Australia_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's attachment to Form 4 listed authorities that the Regulator and chambers could not locate; the Commission noted the authorities could not be found.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "title": "Chu v Darmali", "url": "/documents/1316/Chu_v_Darmali_Australia_8_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Respondent cited 'Bassola v Bassola (No 2) [1985] FamCA 33; (1985) FLC 91-629' and relied on it for the proposition that honest filing is not abuse; the court treated this as a mischaracterisation of Re Bassola and noted it was overturned on appeal. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Multiple other inapt and inaccurate references in the respondent's submissions produced by a generative AI program, leading to unreliable authorities throughout the submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent cited a family-law 'Gould' authority (purported citation used to argue 'honest belief in necessity' negates abuse) that the court could not locate or that was misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "FCA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Carrington v TAFE Queensland", "url": "/documents/1315/Carrington_v_TAFE_Queensland_Australia_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Coleman v State of Queensland [2021] QIRC 243'; the court found that [2021] QIRC 243 corresponds to Chan & Ors v State of Queensland and could not locate the asserted authority as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'McLennan v State of Queensland [2022] QIRC 123'; the court could not locate a decision with McLennan as a party and noted [2022] QIRC 123 is Da Silva Rocha v State of Queensland (No 2).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "A'Vard v Mornington Peninsula SC", "url": "/documents/1314/AVard_v_Mornington_Peninsula_SC_Australia_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant (self-represented) used AI to cite 'Healy v Boroondara CC'; Tribunal proceeded on the basis the AI citation was incorrect and applied the established Healy principles instead. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant (self-represented) used AI to cite 'Healy v Bayside CC'; Tribunal proceeded on the basis the AI citation was incorrect and applied the established Healy principles instead.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-28", "title": "Mertz & Mertz (No 3)", "url": "/documents/1101/Mertz__Mertz_No_3_Australia_28_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Originally filed Summary of Argument (17 Oct 2025) contained non-existent, inaccurate and misleading authorities generated with the assistance of AI; Court described these as hallucinations and accepted they had not been verified.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Bar Referrals", "monetary_penalty": "10000 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Re Walker", "url": "/documents/1074/Re_Walker_Australia_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Two other authorities in the submissions were inaccurately cited or misnamed; the solicitor provided corrected names/copies for some but one corrected authority was irrelevant to the passing-over issue. || Fabricated: Case Law | Two authorities cited in the defendant's opening submissions could not be located; Supreme Court Library inquiries confirmed they did not exist and the solicitor said AI produced the references.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CourtAid; ChatGPT", "outcome": "Reprimand", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "Kim v. Insurance Australia", "url": "/documents/1789/Kim_v_0IqhuqK._Insurance_Australia_Australia_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Allianz v Motor Accident Injuries Commission [2022] ACTSC 45 || Fabricated: Case Law | Sutton v Allianz Australia Insurance Ltd [2023] ACAT 17", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "ACT CAT", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Bard", "outcome": "Decision was removed from ACAT website", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Wills v Wilson", "url": "/documents/1078/Wills_v_Wilson_Building_and_Property_2025_VCAT_1022.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants cited a case allegedly called 'Reynolds' with a citation that actually corresponds to a different case; Tribunal concluded this was part of an AI hallucination/misattribution. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Applicants relied on a non-existent section of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 1998 (Vic); Tribunal found the cited section does not exist and concluded it was an AI-generated fabrication.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "Clarke v State of Queensland (Department of Education)", "url": "/documents/1313/Clarke_v_State_of_Queensland_Department_of_Education_Australia_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited three Commission decisions and quoted passages that could not be located; the court found the authorities were AI-generated and unavailable. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Submissions referred to a non-existent statutory subsection 's 139(6)'; court noted s 139 only has three subsections.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "Huang v. Champion Homes Sales", "url": "/documents/1010/Huang_v_Champion_Homes_Sales_Pty_Ltd_2025_NSWCATAP_271_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Amended Grounds contained non-existent or incorrect case citations produced by generative AI; the Appeal Panel noted these authorities were inaccurate and unverified. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Amended Grounds included incorrect summaries and propositions attributed to real cases (misstatements of authority) generated by AI; respondent described examples as 'fraudulent' and the panel found the references unreliable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Sky Gardens", "url": "/documents/1009/Sky_Gardens_Australia_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited multiple authorities; adjudicator found several of the cited cases do not exist and at least one 'does not appear to exist at all'. || False Quotes: Case Law | Applicant relied on existing cases but the adjudicator found two cases 'do not say the things the applicant asserts' (misstated holdings/quotes). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited a case under a different name and attributed quoted text not present in that decision. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Applicant referred to reports and invoices (e.g. a '13 February 2025' HVAC report, invoice/quote LDQ-1449, Draincare quote DC-5671) that were not produced when requested.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland BCCMC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse costs order for \"misconceived and without substance\" application", "monetary_penalty": "2000 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "Vivek Singha v. Metal Manufactures", "url": "/documents/1011/Vivek_Singha_v_Metal_Manufactures_Pty_Limited_2025_FWC_2817_8_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Commission and Costs Applicant identified that the citation 'Corey v Metro Trains [2013] FWC 7893' does not exist; court concluded it was likely AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Respondent relied on an incomplete/misleading citation 'Murray Hobson v Murrin Murrin [2024]'; the Commission noted the apparent correct reference is Murray Hobson v Murrin Murrin Operations Pty Ltd [2025] FWC 157 and that the case did not support the respondent's submissions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Commission and Costs Applicant identified that the citation 'MVC Security Pty Ltd [2018] FWC 1840' does not exist; court concluded it was likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "Hugo v Affinity Education Group Pty Ltd", "url": "/documents/818/Hugo_v_Affinity_Education_Group_Pty_Ltd_2025_FedCFamC2G_1536_18_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's affidavits and submissions included citations to authorities that 'do not appear to exist'; court noted this suggested use of generative AI and required respondents to incur expense to verify the authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Howe v. NSW Department of Education", "url": "/documents/819/HOWE_v_SECRETARY_NEW_SOUTH_WALES_DEPARTMENT_OF_EDUCATION_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | A cited authority could not be located and was treated by the Respondent as entirely fictional; the Commission redacted the citation to avoid propagation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Nulty v Blue Star Group Pty Ltd [2011] FWAFB 975 but was said to have mischaracterised its outcome (Nulty did not result in an extension of time). || Misrepresented: Case Law | A second Fair Work Commission decision was cited with an incorrect title; the Commission located the decision but found the Applicant's description and reliance were inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW Industrial Relations Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Helmold & Mariya (No 2)", "url": "/documents/817/Helmold__Mariya_No_2_2025_FedCFamC1A_163_12_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's Notice of Appeal and Summary of Argument contained multiple case citations that the Court could not locate and concluded were fictitious; the Court recorded the citations could not be found and were not authoritative.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Mark Khoury v Nira Kooij", "url": "/documents/764/Mark_Khoury_v_Nira_Kooij_2025_QSC_217_3_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a case name (redacted) purportedly reported at [2017] QSC 105 and quoted from it; the Court could not find the cited name or the quoted passage. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant cited Macedonian Orthodox Community Church St Petka v His Eminence Petar [2008] HCA 42 and relied on paragraph [123] for a proposition; the case exists but paragraph [123] does not support the point advanced. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant referred to two further cases (redacted) which the Court found do not exist when searched. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant cited 's 54(1)(a) of the Succession Act 1981'—the section exists but there is no subparagraph (a); the statutory citation is incorrect.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court of Queensland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Gribble v Essential Energy", "url": "/documents/762/Gribble_v_ESSENTIAL_ENERGY_trading_as_Essential_Energy_2025_NSWDC_344_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a wholly imaginary judgment purportedly authored by the presiding judge; the court found the judgment did not exist and treated it as a Gen AI hallucination, redacting the reference. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited another non‑genuine case name from a different court; the court concluded this reference also appeared to be fabricated by Gen AI and redacted it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW D.C.", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff ordered to exclude all Gen AI material", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Stewart v Good Shepherd", "url": "/documents/761/Stewart_v_Good_Shepherd_Australia_New_Zealand_2025_VSCA_206_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The applicant's written submissions included 'non-existent authority' citations (fabricated cases/authorities); the judge noted these as phantom authorities and said their inclusion did not help the applicant. || Misrepresented: Case Law | The applicant cited real authorities but relied on passages that bore no relationship to the arguments, which the judge described as misplaced or misapplied references.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Victoria CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Butler and National Disability Insurance Agency", "url": "/documents/760/Butler_and_National_Disability_Insurance_Agency_NDIS_2025_ARTA_1579_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Expert reports were prepared with AI assistance that introduced unverified or incorrect citations and inserted wording (e.g., the phrase 'minimum necessary'); Mr Reilly corrected some AI-generated citations and authors could not confirm citation accuracy.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Tribunal criticised the reliability of AI-assisted expert reports and gave them reduced weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "title": "The Meniscus Trust v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue", "url": "/documents/763/Meniscus_v_Chief_Commissioner_of_State_Revenue_Australia_21_August_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Google Gemini; ChatGPT", "outcome": "Arguments produced by AI given lesser weight", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "title": "JML Rose Pty Ltd v Jorgensen (No 3)", "url": "/documents/717/JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_v_Jorgensen_Australia.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law || Fabricated: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Court of Australia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "Wang v Moutidis", "url": "/documents/720/Wang_v_Moutidis_2025_VCC_1156_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | purports to quote from parts of Mr Beck’s and Mr Quick’s written reports, apparently in Mr Moutidis’ favour, however the quoted statements do not exist in either report. Instead, the experts’ opinions are the opposite to what the Gen AI has alleged; || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | purports to quote from parts of Mr Beck’s and Mr Quick’s written reports, apparently in Mr Moutidis’ favour, however the quoted statements do not exist in either report. Instead, the experts’ opinions are the opposite to what the Gen AI has alleged; || Fabricated: Case Law || Fabricated: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "County Court of Victoria", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Gen AI", "outcome": "Arguments disregarded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "/documents/716/JNE24_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s written submissions included fictitious case citations; Court found some of the four cited cases did not exist and declined to reproduce them. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant’s submissions cited cases that did not stand for the propositions advanced, as identified in correspondence and confirmed by the Court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Circuit and Family Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Claude AI, Microsoft Copilot", "outcome": "Referral to the Bar; Personal costs order against lawyer (who reimbursed his client)", "monetary_penalty": "8371 AUD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "title": "Director of Public Prosecutions v GR", "url": "/documents/664/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions_v_GR_2025_VSC_490_14_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Initial joint submissions cited non-existent Supreme Court of Victoria cases; court could not locate them and senior counsel admitted \"They do not exist.\" || Fabricated: Case Law | Initial submissions included purported direct quotes from cases said to be decisions of this Court, which could not be verified and were withdrawn. || False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Initial submissions contained fictitious quotes attributed to the Second Reading Speech for the 1997 Bill; these were removed in the revisions. || False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Initial submissions contained fictitious quotes attributed to the VLRC 2014 Final Report; these were removed in the revisions. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Revised submissions referred to legislation that does not exist. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Revised submissions asserted a provision of the Act had been inserted and repealed, but the provision never existed. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Initial submissions also relied on incorrectly cited and inapplicable cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court of Victoria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "Deysel v Electra Lift Co.", "url": "/documents/709/Mr_Branden_Deysel_v_Electra_Lift_Co..pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Chat GPT produced advice asserting various employment and statutory obligations were contravened and recommended commencing a s.365 application; the Commission found 'no basis for this advice' and that reliance on it led to an unmeritorious claim. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | ChatGPT stated that various employment and statutory obligations had been contravened by the employer; the Commission said it could see no basis for this advice. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | ChatGPT advised commencing legal actions including a s.365 application despite a 919-day delay; the Commission noted the 21-day limit and refused to extend time, finding no basis for the advice.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "May v Costaras", "url": "/documents/654/May_v_Costaras_Australia_8_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Respondent’s list of authorities included a non-existent case; the Court confirmed no such case exists.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "NSW CA", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed. No specific sanction for AI use, but highlighted need for judicial vigilance.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Rafi Najib v MSS Security Pty Limited", "url": "/documents/548/Rafi_Najib_v_MSS_Security_Pty_Limited_Australia_2_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Applicant relied on legal principles and cases not consonant with current authority to argue forced resignation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent cases to support constructive dismissal; the court noted some cited cases 'do not exist'. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant provided incorrect case citations; the court stated some cases were 'incorrectly cited'.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Fair Work Commission", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Application dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Murray v. State of Victoria", "url": "/documents/533/Murray_v._Victoria_2_July_2025_Australia.docx", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Most footnoted anthropological/historical sources in the Applicant’s Summary did not exist; FNLRS described the citations as fabricated and the Court accepted they likely arose from AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google Scholar (allegedly)", "outcome": "Order of costs to other party; no professional referral", "monetary_penalty": "1 AUD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-27", "title": "Page v. Long", "url": "/documents/532/Page_v._Long_27_June_2025_Australia.docx", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's written submissions relied on 11 non-existent cases to argue courts require convincing circumstantial evidence in civil trespass. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Halliday v Nevill was cited to support a civil trespass rule about circumstantial evidence, but the case concerns implied licence for police entry, not circumstantial evidence standards. || Misrepresented: Case Law | R v Baden-Clay was cited for circumstantial evidence in civil trespass; the case addresses the criminal standard of proof beyond reasonable doubt in a murder prosecution.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Melbourne County Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Litigant lost on merits", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "Ivins v KMA Consulting Engineers & Ors", "url": "/documents/549/Ivins_v_KMA_Consulting_Engineers_Pty_Ltd__Ors_Australia_2_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited a non-existent authority; the Commission searched and confirmed it is not an actual QIRC decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complainant cited a non-existent authority; the Commission searched and found no such QIRC decision.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Relevant Submissions ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-23", "title": "Nikolic & Anor v Nationwide News Pty Ltd & Anor", "url": "/documents/888/Nikolic__Anor_v_Nationwide_News_Pty_Ltd__Anor_2025_VSCA_112_23_May_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs relied on 'R v Smith (1983) 1 VR 665, 668' for a costs proposition; the Court found that citation was misattributed—the report at that citation is Karenlee Nominees Pty Ltd v Gollin & Co Ltd [1983] 1 VR 657—not the cited R v Smith. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs relied on 'DZY v State of Victoria [2020] VSC 613', which the Court could not find and treated as a probable AI-generated, non-existent authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Melbourne City Investments Pty Limited v Treasury Wine Estates Limited (No 5) [2017] VSC 216', a decision the Court could not locate and concluded did not appear to exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Victoria", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-13", "title": "Department of Justice v Wise", "url": "/documents/553/Department_of_Justice_v_Wise_Australia_11_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Party cited 'Re Bowen [2010] QCAT 246' which the Tribunal found does not exist; citation belongs to an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Party cited 'Baha v Queensland Police Service [2011] QCAT 156' which the Tribunal found does not exist; citation belongs to an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Party cited 'Brock v Medical Board [2020] QCAT 223' which the Tribunal found does not exist; citation belongs to an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Party cited 'TCT v Office of the Health Ombudsman [2021] QCAT 44' which the Tribunal found does not exist; citation belongs to an unrelated case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Party relied on Re JRL; Ex parte CJL to claim a member cannot decide their own recusal; Tribunal held the case does not support that and confirmed the practice is the member decides their recusal. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Party invoked QCAT Act s 220(3) to argue another member should determine recusal/stay; Tribunal held s 220 concerns excluding disruptive persons and is irrelevant. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Party asserted QCAT Act s 214(2) required publication of reasons relating to medical incapacity; Tribunal held s 214 deals with witness offences and is not relevant. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Party claimed written reasons for the 1 May 2025 stay refusal were not provided; Tribunal found written reasons were provided on 1 May 2025. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Party claimed to have filed a third recusal application on 13 March 2025; Tribunal found no such application on file and no attachment evidencing it. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Party asserted there was a refusal to list medical evidence for hearing; Tribunal noted the application based on medical evidence was listed for hearing on 14 May 2025.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Bangholme Investments Pty Ltd v Greater Dandenong CC", "url": "/documents/1047/Bangholme_Investments_Pty_Ltd_v_Greater_Dandenong_CC_Australia_3_April_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Alan Hood relied on an AI search that asserted the Council was required to notify objectors; the Tribunal found the AI result 'plainly incorrect' and emphasised Hood had already received proper notification.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Victorian CAT", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-13", "title": "Goodchild v State of Queensland", "url": "/documents/550/Goodchild_v_State_of_Queensland_Australia_13_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent Fair Work Commission decision to justify an extension of time; searches found no such case and Applicant admitted sourcing via general internet searches; court gave it no weight. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant relied on a non-existent FWC case to support her position; the Commission could not locate it and the Applicant later acknowledged sourcing errors; given no weight. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a fabricated FWC authority; Commission's searches failed to identify any such decision; Applicant conceded citation issues; no weight given. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant referenced a non-existent FWC decision; court could not locate it and treated it as unreliable after Applicant's admission; no weight given. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant invoked a fabricated FWC matter; not found on legal databases or the FWC website; Applicant admitted sourcing via general internet searches; court disregarded it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Queensland IRC", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "\"Internet searches\"", "outcome": "Relevant submissions ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-11", "title": "Luck v Commonwealth of Australia", "url": "/documents/544/Luck_v_Commonwealth_of_Australia_Australia_11_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent case 'Nicholson v Heaven [2000] FCA 191'; court noted [2000] FCA 191 is Western Australia v Ward and it does not support her proposition; chambers queried and applicant admitted erroneous citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited non-existent 'Victoria v Humphries (2013) 228 FCR 145'; court observed the report at that citation is Kerrison v Melbourne City Council and it does not support the proposition; applicant did not provide the authority when asked.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Federal Court", "outcome": "The court dismissed the applicant's interlocutory application for disqualification and referral to a Full Court.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "title": "QWYN and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "/documents/542/QWYN_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_5_February_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Applicant relied on a Copilot-generated quote from the Explanatory Memorandum to the Taxation Laws Amendment (Superannuation) Bill 1992 stating a 15% rebate applies to all disability pensions (taxed and untaxed). The Tribunal checked the EM, found no such paragraph (no para 2.20) and no similar language, concluding it was an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal of Australia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Copilot", "outcome": "The Tribunal affirmed the decision under review, rejecting the applicant's submissions based on the AI-generated content.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-01-24", "title": "Body by Michael Pty Ltd and Industry Innovation and Science Australia", "url": "/documents/543/Industry_Innovation_and_Science_Australia_Australia_24_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant’s BBM SFIC contained citations to non-existent cases in paras 35–37, later withdrawn before hearing. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | IISA framed the test as requiring “new scientific or technical knowledge” and that the new knowledge be “based on principles of established science,” which the Tribunal corrected as not the statutory test. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | IISA asserted hypotheses must identify technical knowledge gaps with “causal relationships between technical variables…,” which the Tribunal said is not the statutory requirement. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | IISA stated that meeting observation and evaluation requires “analysis of numerical data using established statistical techniques,” which the Tribunal found is not required by the statute. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | IISA argued there is a legal requirement to keep documentation and contemporaneous records to satisfy s 355-25; Tribunal held no such statutory requirement exists (documentation may be expected but is not mandated). || False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Applicant attributed a sentence to the ManUp study that does not appear in the article; Tribunal verified the quote was not in the paper.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Administrative Review Tribunal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Fake references withdrawn before the hearing", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-11-11", "title": "Kaur v RMIT", "url": "/documents/1046/Kaur_v_RMIT_Australia_11_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant's written materials (apparently drafted with LLM such as ChatGPT) contained multiple non-existent case citations; the Court omitted those fabricated citations from the reasons.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Victoria (CA)", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-07-12", "title": "Lakaev v McConkey", "url": "/documents/552/Lakaev_v_McConkey_Australia_12_July_2024.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant mischaracterized De L v Director-General as a case about false testimony leading to reversal; the Court clarified it concerned international child abduction and not false evidence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'Hewitt v Omari [2015] NSWCA 175'; the Court found no such case and noted the citation corresponds to the unrelated Palermo Seafood Pty Ltd v Lunapas [2015] NSWCA 175.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court of Tasmania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed for want of prosecution", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-02-27", "title": "Finch v The Heat Group", "url": "/documents/1050/Finch_v_The_Heat_Group_Pty_Ltd_Australia_27_February_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant provided 'IOOF Holdings Ltd v TPT Patrol Pty Ltd [2019] FCAFC 115' as an authority restraining a firm; court found no such case under that name and the citation [2019] FCAFC 115 corresponds to Calidad Pty Ltd v Seiko Epson Corp, which does not concern a restraint application. || Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited 'Quinert v National Australia Bank Limited (2019)' as a restraint authority; court found no record of any case by that name or citation and treated it as fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Applicant relied on Westpac Banking Corporation v Lenthall [2018] FCA 1422 and described it as a case restraining MinterEllison; court found the case exists but does not concern a restraint of solicitors and was misdescribed by the applicant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2023-05-08", "title": "Nash v. Director of Public Prosecutions", "url": "/documents/554/NASH_v._DIRECTOR_OF_PUBLIC_PROSECUTIONS_Australia_8_May_2023.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Australia released the AI Impact Navigator, a framework for companies to assess and measure impact and outcomes of their AI systems", "url": "", "description": "Australia released the AI Impact Navigator, a framework for companies to assess and measure impact and outcomes of their AI systems. Moreover, the Information Commissioner published guidance on privacy and developing generative AI models.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 September 2024", "title": "Australia Voluntary AI Safety Standard", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "Voluntary guidance for AI safety, supporting and promoting consistency among best practices when developing AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 December 2025", "title": "Cyber Security Centre and Cybersecurity alongside international partners issued principles for secure integration of AI in operational technology", "url": "https://www.cyber.gov.au/business-government/secure-design/operational-technology-environments/principles-for-the-secure-integration-of-artificial-intelligence-in-operational-technology", "description": "On 4 December 2025, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) adopted principles for the secure integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in operational technology. The principles provide guidance to critical infrastructure operators regarding the integration of AI into operational technology (OT) environments. Specific principles include understanding the unique risks of AI and their potential impact on OT, considering the use ", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Department of Industry Science released National AI Plan 2025", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-12/national-ai-plan.pdf", "description": "On 2 December 2025, the Department of Industry and Science released the National AI Plan 2025. The Plan sets out a framework for the development, adoption, and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) across the Australian economy and society. It outlines three goals. The first goal focuses on capturing AI-related opportunities through investment in digital and physical infrastructure. The second aims to support wider adoption across businesses, workers, and communities. The third focuses on k", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner issued enforcement action against technology company responsible for AI generated nudify services used to create deepfake pornography", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-action-prevents-services-nudifying-australian-school-children", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the eSafety Commissioner issued an enforcement action under the Online Safety Act against a provider of three nudify services based in the United Kingdom, resulting in the provider restricting access for Australian users. The action applies to Artificial Intelligence (AI) image-manipulation tools and AI model-hosting platforms, with the services previously receiving around 100,000 visits per month from Australia. It was also stated that penalties of up to AUD 49.5 million ma", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 October 2025", "title": "Upper Tribunal determined Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within scope of UK GDPR and confirmed ICO’s authority to issue penalties", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/about-the-ico/media-centre/news-and-blogs/2025/10/uk-upper-tribunal-hands-down-judgment-on-clearview-ai-inc/", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Upper Tribunal (UT) ruled that Clearview AI’s processing of UK residents’ personal data fell within the scope of the UK GDPR and confirmed the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) authority to issue the monetary penalty and enforcement notices. The case arose after the ICO fined Clearview GBP 7.5 million and issued an Enforcement Notice in May 2022 for scraping images of UK residents from the internet and social media, uploading them to a global facial recognition datab", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2025", "title": "Federal Court of Australia orders penalty for deepfake image-based abuse on online platforms", "url": "https://www.comcourts.gov.au/file/Federal/P/QUD451/2023/3966827/event/32504669/document/2601985", "description": "On 26 September 2025, the Federal Court ordered Anthony Rotondo to pay a civil penalty of AUD 343'500, plus costs, for posting intimate deepfake images of several high-profile Australian women. The respondent originally contravened section 75 of the Online Safety Act of 2021 by posting moving visual images depicting six different women between 2022 and 2023. In addition, Mr. Rotondo contravened sections 80 and 83(3), on two separate occasions, by failing to comply with a removal notice and a dir", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 September 2025", "title": "Digital platform regulators issued working paper on immersive technologies including virtual reality and augmented reality", "url": "https://dp-reg.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2025-09/DP-REG%20-%20Examination%20of%20Technology%20-%20Immersive%20Technologies_0.PDF", "description": "On 24 September 2025, the Digital Platform Regulators, comprising the Competition and Consumer Commission, Communications and Media Authority, eSafety Commissioner and Office of the Australian Information Commissioner issued working paper on immersive technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality and haptic technologies. The paper examines risks to privacy, consumer protection, competition, media and online safety. It notes opportunities in gaming, education, healthca", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Global Privacy Assembly adopted Resolution on collection, use and disclosure of personal data to pre-train, train and fine-tune AI models", "url": "https://globalprivacyassembly.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Resolution-on-the-collection-use-and-disclosure-of-personal-data-to-pre-train-train-and-fine-tune-AI-models.pdf", "description": "On 19 September 2025, the Global Privacy Assembly adopted the Resolution on the collection, use and disclosure of personal data to pre-train, train and fine-tune Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. The resolution acknowledges concerns regarding the ethical and legal implications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly generative AI, and their impact on fundamental rights such as privacy and data protection. It recognises that the development of AI frequently involves the larg", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "international_agreement", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Productivity Commission closes consultation on interim report harnessing data and digital technology including proposal for fair dealing exception for text and data mining for AI training", "url": "https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/current/data-digital/interim/data-digital-interim.pdf", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the Productivity Commission (PC) closes the consultation on its interim report on Harnessing Data and Digital Technology. The consultation is part of the Government’s five-pillar productivity growth agenda under the Productivity Commission Act 1998 and focuses on reforms to improve productivity through digital and data use. The interim report presents draft recommendations in four areas. These include enabling artificial intelligence (AI) productivity potential through outc", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner registered Designated Internet Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material)", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Schedule-6-Designated-Internet-Services-Online-Safety-Code-Class-1C-and-Class-2-Material.pdf?v=1757425213610", "description": "On 9 September 2025, the eSafety Commissioner registered the Designated Internet Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under the Online Safety Act 2021. The Code outlines a risk-based framework for designated internet services (DIS) to manage harmful content, with a focus on protecting children. DIS are categorised into several types, including Enterprise DIS, General Purpose DIS, Classified DIS, End-User Managed Hosting Services, High Impact Class 2 DIS, High Impact Genera", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner announced investigation into technology company responsible for AI generated nudify services used to create deepfake pornography", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/esafety-action-prevents-services-nudifying-australian-school-children", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the eSafety Commissioner opened an investigation into a technology company responsible for Artificial Intelligence (AI) generated nudify services used to create deepfake pornography. It was stated that the company was left unnamed by eSafety to avoid publicising it. The company runs AI-generated nude image platforms, where users can upload photos of real people, including minors, and are used to create deepfake sexual images of Australian schoolchildren. The services attract", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 August 2025", "title": "Productivity Commission opened consultation on interim report harnessing data and digital technology including proposal for fair dealing exception for text and data mining for AI training", "url": "https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/current/data-digital/interim/data-digital-interim.pdf", "description": "On 5 August 2025, the Productivity Commission (PC) opened a consultation on its interim report, Harnessing Data and Digital Technology, until 15 September 2025. The consultation is part of the Government’s five-pillar productivity growth agenda under the Productivity Commission Act 1998 and focuses on reforms to improve productivity through digital and data use. The interim report presents draft recommendations in four areas. These include enabling artificial intelligence (AI) productivity poten", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 May 2025", "title": "Online industry submitted final draft Designated Internet Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) to eSafety Commissioner for review", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Schedule-6-Designated-Internet-Services-Online-Safety-Code-Class-1C-and-Class-2-Material.pdf?v=1757425213610", "description": "On 20 May 2025, the final draft of the Social Media Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under the Online Safety Act 2021 was submitted to the eSafety Commissioner for review. This follows the eSafety Commissioner's letter to industry in April 2025, reinforcing concerns about multiple drafts of online safety codes submitted since October 2024. The Code was developed by the Australian online industry, including the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA), th", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 February 2025", "title": "Online industry submitted Designated Internet Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) to eSafety Commissioner for review", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Schedule-6-Designated-Internet-Services-Online-Safety-Code-Class-1C-and-Class-2-Material.pdf?v=1757425213610", "description": "On 28 February 2025, the Social Media Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) under the Online Safety Act 2021 was submitted to the eSafety Commissioner for review. The Code was developed by the Australian online industry, including the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association (AMTA), the Communications Alliance, the Consumer Electronics Suppliers Association (CESA), the Digital Industry Group Inc (DIGI) and the Interactive Games and Entertainment Association (IGEA). ", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2025", "title": "eSafety Commissioner issued online safety advisory on risks of AI chatbots and companions to children and young people", "url": "https://www.esafety.gov.au/newsroom/blogs/ai-chatbots-and-companions-risks-to-children-and-young-people", "description": "On 18 February 2025, the eSafety Commissioner issued an advisory on the risks associated with AI chatbots and companions, particularly for children and young people. The advisory highlights concerns about AI chatbots providing unregulated discussions on sensitive topics such as sex, self-harm, and suicide. It calls on technology companies to adopt Safety by Design principles and comply with Australian online safety laws. Furthermore, the advisory notes that online sexualisation of children and t", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Jenson & Lockridge (No 2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1847/Jenson__Lockridge_No_2_2026_FedCFamC1A_44_19_March_2026.pdf", "date": "19 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Edmonds v Barrington Winstanley Group", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1845/Edmonds_v_Barrington_Winstanley_Group_Pty_Ltd_No_3_2026_NSWCA_31_18_March_2026.pdf", "date": "18 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "GSA v. Department of Communities", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1846/GSA_-v-_DEPARTMENT_OF_COMMUNITIES_2026_WASCA_36_18_March_2026.pdf", "date": "16 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nicole Levey-Wilson v The Trustee for Attivita Group Unit Trust", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1844/Nicole_Levey-Wilson_v_The_Trustee_for_Attivita_Group_Unit_Trust_2026_FWC_783_1_IxTY5u2.pdf", "date": "10 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Oberoi v. Douglas", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1640/Oberoi_v_Douglas_2026_VSCA_31_5_March_2026.pdf", "date": "5 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "ELG20 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1842/ELG20_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_2026_FedCFamC2G_315_5_March_2026.pdf", "date": "5 March 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rinaldi v Department of Justice (Right to Information and Privacy)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1853/Rinaldi_v_Department_of_Justice_16_February_2026.pdf", "date": "16 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "RYJZ and Commissioner of Taxation (Taxation)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1851/RYJZ_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Taxation_2026_ARTA_182_12_February_2026.pdf", "date": "12 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Morcos v Bayside Council", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1522/Morcos_v._Bayside_Australia_10_February_2026.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Jorgensen v JML Rose Pty Ltd (Security for Costs)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1849/Jorgensen_v_JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_Security_for_Costs_2026_FCA_64_9_February_2026.pdf", "date": "9 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Application by Pennisi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1848/Application_by_Pennisi_2026_FWC_352_5_February_2026.pdf", "date": "5 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (No 2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1852/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship_3_February_2026.pdf", "date": "3 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Broadwater Tower", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1521/Broadwater_Tower__Australia_2_February_2026.pdf", "date": "2 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Health Care Complaints Commission v Campbell", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1520/Health_Care_Complaints_Commission_v_Campbell_Australia_30_January_2026.pdf", "date": "30 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Riley v. Nuvei Australia Merchant Services", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1519/Mr_Jason_Riley_v_Nuvei_Australia_Merchant_Services_Pty_Ltd_Australia_19_January_2026.pdf", "date": "19 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lutfi v. Tucker", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1518/Lutfi_v_Tucker_Australia_16_January_2026.pdf", "date": "16 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Smith and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1325/Smith_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_12_January_2026.pdf", "date": "12 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mrs Sandra Archer v GTC Contracting", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1324/Mrs_Sandra_Archer_v_GTC_Contracting_Pty__Australia_24_December_2025.pdf", "date": "24 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tekla & Tekla", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1322/Tekla__Tekla_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "date": "23 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In the matter of Bayfoyle", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1323/In_the_matter_of_Bayfoyle_Pty_Ltd_Australia_23_December_2025.pdf", "date": "23 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Leytcorp v Mimbim Enterprises", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1320/Leytcorp_Pty_Ltd_v_Mimbim_Enterprises_Pty_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "date": "22 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rathi & Rathi", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1321/Rathi__Rathi_Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "date": "22 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pasuengos v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1319/Pasuengos_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship__Australia_22_December_2025.pdf", "date": "22 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Pakuza v Workers' Compensation Regulator", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1317/Pakuza_v_Workers_Compensation_Regulator_Australia_16_December_2025.pdf", "date": "16 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Chu v Darmali", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1316/Chu_v_Darmali_Australia_8_December_2025.pdf", "date": "8 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Carrington v TAFE Queensland", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1315/Carrington_v_TAFE_Queensland_Australia_5_December_2025.pdf", "date": "5 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "A'Vard v Mornington Peninsula SC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1314/AVard_v_Mornington_Peninsula_SC_Australia_2_December_2025.pdf", "date": "2 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mertz & Mertz (No 3)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1101/Mertz__Mertz_No_3_Australia_28_November_2025.pdf", "date": "28 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Re Walker", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1074/Re_Walker_Australia_24_November_2025.pdf", "date": "24 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kim v. Insurance Australia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1789/Kim_v_0IqhuqK._Insurance_Australia_Australia_25_November_2025.pdf", "date": "18 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wills v Wilson", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1078/Wills_v_Wilson_Building_and_Property_2025_VCAT_1022.pdf", "date": "14 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Clarke v State of Queensland (Department of Education)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1313/Clarke_v_State_of_Queensland_Department_of_Education_Australia_5_November_2025.pdf", "date": "5 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Huang v. Champion Homes Sales", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1010/Huang_v_Champion_Homes_Sales_Pty_Ltd_2025_NSWCATAP_271_30_October_2025.pdf", "date": "30 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sky Gardens", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1009/Sky_Gardens_Australia_29_October_2025.pdf", "date": "29 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Vivek Singha v. Metal Manufactures", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1011/Vivek_Singha_v_Metal_Manufactures_Pty_Limited_2025_FWC_2817_8_October_2025.pdf", "date": "8 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Hugo v Affinity Education Group Pty Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/818/Hugo_v_Affinity_Education_Group_Pty_Ltd_2025_FedCFamC2G_1536_18_September_2025.pdf", "date": "18 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Howe v. NSW Department of Education", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/819/HOWE_v_SECRETARY_NEW_SOUTH_WALES_DEPARTMENT_OF_EDUCATION_2025.pdf", "date": "17 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Helmold & Mariya (No 2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/817/Helmold__Mariya_No_2_2025_FedCFamC1A_163_12_September_2025.pdf", "date": "12 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mark Khoury v Nira Kooij", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/764/Mark_Khoury_v_Nira_Kooij_2025_QSC_217_3_September_2025.pdf", "date": "3 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Gribble v Essential Energy", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/762/Gribble_v_ESSENTIAL_ENERGY_trading_as_Essential_Energy_2025_NSWDC_344_29_August_2025.pdf", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Stewart v Good Shepherd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/761/Stewart_v_Good_Shepherd_Australia_New_Zealand_2025_VSCA_206_29_August_2025.pdf", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Butler and National Disability Insurance Agency", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/760/Butler_and_National_Disability_Insurance_Agency_NDIS_2025_ARTA_1579_28_August_2025.pdf", "date": "28 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "The Meniscus Trust v Chief Commissioner of State Revenue", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/763/Meniscus_v_Chief_Commissioner_of_State_Revenue_Australia_21_August_2025.pdf", "date": "21 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "JML Rose Pty Ltd v Jorgensen (No 3)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/717/JML_Rose_Pty_Ltd_v_Jorgensen_Australia.pdf", "date": "19 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Wang v Moutidis", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/720/Wang_v_Moutidis_2025_VCC_1156_18_August_2025.pdf", "date": "18 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/716/JNE24_v_Minister_for_Immigration_and_Citizenship.pdf", "date": "15 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Director of Public Prosecutions v GR", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/664/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions_v_GR_2025_VSC_490_14_August_2025.pdf", "date": "14 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Deysel v Electra Lift Co.", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/709/Mr_Branden_Deysel_v_Electra_Lift_Co..pdf", "date": "8 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "May v Costaras", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/654/May_v_Costaras_Australia_8_August_2025.pdf", "date": "8 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Rafi Najib v MSS Security Pty Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/548/Rafi_Najib_v_MSS_Security_Pty_Limited_Australia_2_July_2025.pdf", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Murray v. State of Victoria", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/533/Murray_v._Victoria_2_July_2025_Australia.docx", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Page v. Long", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/532/Page_v._Long_27_June_2025_Australia.docx", "date": "27 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Ivins v KMA Consulting Engineers & Ors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/549/Ivins_v_KMA_Consulting_Engineers_Pty_Ltd__Ors_Australia_2_June_2025.pdf", "date": "2 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nikolic & Anor v Nationwide News Pty Ltd & Anor", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/888/Nikolic__Anor_v_Nationwide_News_Pty_Ltd__Anor_2025_VSCA_112_23_May_2025.pdf", "date": "23 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Department of Justice v Wise", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/553/Department_of_Justice_v_Wise_Australia_11_June_2025.pdf", "date": "13 May 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Bangholme Investments Pty Ltd v Greater Dandenong CC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1047/Bangholme_Investments_Pty_Ltd_v_Greater_Dandenong_CC_Australia_3_April_2025.pdf", "date": "3 April 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Goodchild v State of Queensland", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/550/Goodchild_v_State_of_Queensland_Australia_13_February_2025.pdf", "date": "13 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Luck v Commonwealth of Australia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/544/Luck_v_Commonwealth_of_Australia_Australia_11_February_2025.pdf", "date": "11 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "QWYN and Commissioner of Taxation", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/542/QWYN_and_Commissioner_of_Taxation_Australia_5_February_2025.pdf", "date": "5 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Body by Michael Pty Ltd and Industry Innovation and Science Australia", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/543/Industry_Innovation_and_Science_Australia_Australia_24_January_2025.pdf", "date": "24 January 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Kaur v RMIT", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1046/Kaur_v_RMIT_Australia_11_November_2024.pdf", "date": "11 November 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Lakaev v McConkey", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/552/Lakaev_v_McConkey_Australia_12_July_2024.pdf", "date": "12 July 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Finch v The Heat Group", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1050/Finch_v_The_Heat_Group_Pty_Ltd_Australia_27_February_2024.pdf", "date": "27 February 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Nash v. Director of Public Prosecutions", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/554/NASH_v._DIRECTOR_OF_PUBLIC_PROSECUTIONS_Australia_8_May_2023.pdf", "date": "8 May 2023", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 523, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "036" }, { "id": "CO", "title": "Colombia", "entries": [ { "title": "Bogotá avanza en un sistema innovador que usa inteligencia artificial | Bogota.gov.co", "url": "https://bogota.gov.co/mi-ciudad/educacion/bogota-avanza-en-un-sistema-innovador-que-usa-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "La iniciativa hace parte de la estrategia Bogotá Capital Digital y fortalece la capacidad de la Administración distrital para tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia, priorizar recursos y coordinar respuestas intersectoriales en tiempo real.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "title": "Data Protection Regulation in Colombia's Law (059/23) on Public Policy Guidelines for AI", "url": "https://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/proyectos-ley/cuatrenio-2022-2026/2023-2024/article/59-por-medio-de-la-cual-se-establecen-los-lineamientos-de-politica-publica-para-el-desarrollo-uso-e-implementacion-de-inteligencia-artificial-y-se-dictan-otras-disposiciones", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the Colombian Senate passed a law establishing public policy guidelines for the development, use, and implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (059/23). The law includes provisions for data protection, requiring those responsible for the use, implementation, and development of AI to inform data subjects about the handling of their data and the results obtained. It also mandates that cybersecurity issues involving AI should be endorsed by the Commission on Data Proce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Prohibition of goods and services in Artificial Intelligence Bill", "url": "https://minciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/upload/noticias/pl_43_2025_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation resubmitted the Artificial Intelligence Bill including prohibitions on certain artificial intelligence systems to Congress. The Artificial Intelligence Bill establishes four categories into which artificial intelligence systems may fall, namely low-risk, limited-risk, high-risk, and prohibited artificial intelligence systems. The Artificial Intelligence Bill prohibits the general use of Critical Risk Artificial Intelligence ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Design requirements in Artificial Intelligence Bill", "url": "https://minciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/upload/noticias/pl_43_2025_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation resubmitted the Artificial Intelligence Bill including mandatory design requirements for artificial intelligence systems to Congress. The Artificial Intelligence Bill requires artificial intelligence systems to be designed to allow human intervention and oversight, control, auditing and traceability, and to ensure transparency, comprehensibility and user information when interacting with artificial intelligence. It mandates ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Worker protection regulation in Artificial Intelligence Bill", "url": "https://minciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/upload/noticias/pl_43_2025_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation resubmitted the Artificial Intelligence Bill including worker protection regulation to Congress. The Artificial Intelligence Bill requires employers implementing artificial intelligence systems that may cause job displacement or substantial transformation of job functions to adopt preventive retraining, relocation or training plans for affected workers, aligned with just transition guidelines and respecting human dignity. Co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Tax benefits in Artificial Intelligence Bill", "url": "https://minciencias.gov.co/sites/default/files/upload/noticias/pl_43_2025_inteligencia_artificial.pdf", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation resubmitted the Artificial Intelligence Bill including tax benefits for artificial intelligence to Congress. The Artificial Intelligence Bill provides tax benefits for science, technology and innovation projects that develop artificial intelligence-based solutions or adopt artificial intelligence to enhance production processes. It requires the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, in coordination with the National...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-07-21", "title": "How the OECD AI Policy Observatory has shaped Colombia and Latin America’s approach to AI policy", "url": "", "description": "The AI Observatory has been crucial for Colombia, a leader in the development of trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "Colombia tax reform proposal including taxation of digital services", "url": "https://www.camara.gov.co/reforma-tributaria-8", "description": "On 1 January 2024, the Colombian tax reform introducing the application of a Digital Services Tax came into effect. In particular, new Article 20.3 provides that foreign digital services without establishment in the Colombian territory but with a significant economic presence, are subject to either a 5% corporate income tax rate or a 10% withholding tax rate. The following digital services are explicitly covered by the law: online advertising services, digital content services, streaming serv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 January 2022", "title": "Economic Collaboration between Singapore and the Republic of Colombia", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/sgpcmedia/media_releases/enterprise-sg/press_release/P-20220125-1/attachment/Media%20release%20on%20SG-Colombia%20MOU.pdf", "description": "On 25 January 2022, Singapore and the Republic of Colombia signed a Memorandum (005/22)) aiming to deepen their economic ties and foster investments across their markets, especially in the sectors of technology and online markets, including artificial intelligence, internet of things, blockchain and digital industries, trade, infrastructure, and energy. The collaboration is handled by the respective government agencies responsible for foreign direct investment and goods and services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 November 2023", "title": "Establishment of AI Authority in Colombia's Law (059/23) on Public Policy Guidelines for AI", "url": "https://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/proyectos-ley/cuatrenio-2022-2026/2023-2024/article/59-por-medio-de-la-cual-se-establecen-los-lineamientos-de-politica-publica-para-el-desarrollo-uso-e-implementacion-de-inteligencia-artificial-y-se-dictan-otras-disposiciones", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the Colombian Senate passed a law establishing public policy guidelines for the development, use, and implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (059/23). The law sets out principles for AI, including human authority, common good, cooperation, safe design, prevalence of human intelligence, and preventive research. It also establishes the Data Processing and Artificial Intelligence Developments Commission, which is tasked with endorsing institutional requests on AI dev...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Colombia AI Regulation Overview", "url": "https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ai-regulation-scanner/colombia", "description": "Colombia is actively advancing toward more robust, legally binding AI frameworks. CMS expert guide covers Colombia's AI regulatory landscape including sector-specific applications and alignment with international standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Binding Frameworks" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Estrategia Nacional Digital 2023-2026 (National Digital Strategy 2023-2026)", "url": "https://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/inicio/Sala-de-prensa/Noticias/334120:Inteligencia-Artificial-innovacion-y-datos-las-apuestas-para-volver-a-Colombia-una-PotencIA-Digital", "description": "AI law in Colombia: The Estrategia Nacional Digital (END) 2023–2026 is Colombia's national roadmap to accelerate digital transformation across government, industry and society. Published jointly by the Presidency, the Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies (MinTIC) and the National Planning Department (DNP) on February 7, 2024, it sets eight strategic axes, 95–100 actions and 13 performance indicators addressing connectivity, data governance, cybersecurity, talent, AI adoption and digital inclusion....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "By which the use of Artificial Intelligence in the management of Petitions, Complaints, Claims, Suggestions and Reports (PQRSD) in public entities of the Colombian State is regulated and implemented, and other provisions are issued (Proyecto de Ley No. 417 de 2025)", "url": "https://www.camara.gov.co", "description": "AI law in Colombia: Proyecto 417/25 proposes a regulatory framework for the deployment and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) systems used to process public petitions, complaints, claims, suggestions and denunciations (PQRSD) in Colombian public entities. The bill mandates human supervision, algorithmic traceability, data protection safeguards, transparency, progressive implementation timelines and sanctions for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proyecto 05/24: Ley de inteligencia artificial ética y sostenible para el bienestar social (Ethical and sustainable AI law proposal)", "url": "https://www.camara.gov.co/ley-de-inteligencia-artificial-etica-1000/", "description": "AI law in Colombia: Proyecto 05/24 (PL 005/2024C) proposed a comprehensive, principle-based regulatory framework for the development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence in Colombia, prioritizing ethics, sustainability and social welfare. The bill (radicated 2024-07-20) introduced requirements for privacy protection, human oversight, transparency, risk-based conformity and measures to protect children and vulnerable groups; the legislative process was archived in mid-2025....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proyecto 255/24: Lineamientos de uso de IA para la disminución de siniestros viales (AI for road-accident reduction)", "url": "https://www.senado.gov.co/index.php/el-senado/noticias/5319-senador-guido-echeverri-radica-proyecto-para-reducir-siniestros-viales-con-el-uso-de-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "AI law in Colombia: Proyecto de Ley 255 de 2024 (Senado) proposes guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence to reduce road accidents and associated costs by enabling real-time data collection, predictive risk analysis, and alerting systems. It sets governance roles for national and territorial authorities, data and cybersecurity safeguards, and obligations for registration, human oversight and impact assessment prior to deployment....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Bogotá TransMilenio AI Facial Recognition Pilot", "url": "https://bogota.gov.co/servicios/noticias/nuevo-sistema-de-video-vigilancia-inteligente-para-transmilenio", "description": "AI law in Colombia: The Bogotá TransMilenio AI Facial Recognition Pilot, launched in October 2023, used 786 cameras to match faces against a database of 5,000+ arrest warrants to improve public safety....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proyecto 130/23: Armonización de la inteligencia artificial con el derecho al trabajo (AI and labor-rights harmonization)", "url": "https://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/proyectos-ley/cuatrenio-2022-2026/2023-2024/article/130-por-medio-de-la-cual-se-crea-la-armonizacion-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-con-el-derecho-al-trabajo-de-las-personas?position=109&total=222", "description": "AI law in Colombia: Proyecto 130/23 (Senate) sought to harmonize the deployment and use of artificial intelligence systems with labor rights in Colombia by imposing transparency, human‑oversight, risk‑classification, data‑protection and employment‑stability obligations on public and private employers that use AI in hiring, evaluation, surveillance or termination. The initiative advanced in committee and passed first debate but was ultimately archived without becoming law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Hoja de Ruta para la adopción ética y sostenible de la Inteligencia Artificial (MinCiencias) (Roadmap for Ethical and Sustainable AI Adoption)", "url": "https://minciencias.gov.co/sala_de_prensa/colombia-ya-cuenta-con-una-hoja-ruta-en-inteligencia-artificial", "description": "AI law in Colombia: The MinCiencias Hoja de Ruta (AI Roadmap) is a strategic, non‑binding framework published in February 2024 that sets national priorities and lineaments for the ethical and sustainable adoption of artificial intelligence in Colombia. It defines five strategic workstreams (ethics & governance; education, research & innovation; industry & future of work; data & organizations; privacy, cybersecurity & defense) and establishes processes for consultation, expert advising, and development of a CONPES policy proposal....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proyecto 91/23: Mediante la cual se establece el deber de información para el uso responsable de la Inteligencia Artificial (Duty of information for responsible AI)", "url": "https://leyes.senado.gov.co/proyectos/index.php/proyectos-ley/cuatrenio-2022-2026/2023-2024/article/91-mediante-la-cual-se-establece-el-deber-de-informacion-para-el-uso-responsable-de-la-inteligencia-artificial-en-colombia-y-se-dictan-otras-disposiciones", "description": "AI law in Colombia: Proyecto 091/23 (Senate) is a 2023 Colombian bill that establishes a duty of information for the responsible use of generative Artificial Intelligence. It requires natural and legal persons using generative AI in economic or academic activities to disclose the use, identify the system and state its purpose, and tasks national ministries with designing an ethical framework and cooperation measures....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria No.154 de 2024: Por la cual se define y regula la Inteligencia Artificial (Statutory bill to define and regulate AI)", "url": "https://www.camara.gov.co/audiencia-publica-ple-154-24c-camara/", "description": "AI law in Colombia: This statutory bill (Cámara No. 154 de 2024) proposes a comprehensive legal framework to define, develop and regulate artificial intelligence (AI) in Colombia by aligning AI with human rights standards, amending parts of Law 1581 of 2012 (data protection), establishing risk‑based limits, transparency and accountability obligations for public and private actors, and creating institutional oversight mechanisms. Key measures include classification of high‑risk AI systems, impact assessments, registration/conformity requirements and sanctions for noncompliance. See primary sources: Cámara de Representantes – Audiencia Pública PLE 154/24C and Congreso Visible – Project summary....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Por medio de la cual se define y regula la inteligencia artificial (Proyecto 200/23) (Bill to define and regulate AI)", "url": "https://www.camara.gov.co/inteligencia-artificial-1263/", "description": "AI law in Colombia: A 2023 statutory bill (Proyecto 200/23) presented in the Colombian Chamber of Representatives to define and regulate artificial intelligence with an explicit human-rights focus. The project proposed risk-based governance, restrictions on certain uses, obligations for transparency, documentation, security and data protection, and institutional oversight; it was archived (ended) in mid-2024 without becoming law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Política Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CONPES 4144 - National Policy for Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://sisconpes.dnp.gov.co/SisCONPESWeb/AccesoPublico/Documento/?id=NDE0NCQxNC8wMi8yMDI1JFBvbMOtdGljYSBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBJbnRlbGlnZW5jaWEgQXJ0aWZpY2lhbCRodHRwczovL2NvbGFib3JhY2lvbi5kbnAuZ292LmNvL0NEVC9Db25wZXMvRWNvbsOzbWljb3MvNDE0NC5wZGYkJGh0dHBzOi8vY29sYWJvcmFjaW9uLmRucC5nb3YuY28vQ0RUL0NvbnBlcy9FY29uw7NtaWNvcy9BbmV4byBBLiBQQVMgNDE0NC54bHN4", "description": "AI law in Colombia: CONPES 4144 (approved 14 February 2025) establishes Colombia's National Policy for Artificial Intelligence, defining a whole-of-government strategic roadmap to 2030. The policy sets governance arrangements, ethical and rights-respecting principles, a risk-based approach to AI deployment, capacity-building programs, investment priorities and monitoring indicators while relying on sectoral regulators for enforcement and future regulatory instruments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Por medio de la cual se regula la inteligencia artificial en Colombia para garantizar su desarrollo ético y responsable (Government bill, Senate 442/25)", "url": "https://colaboracion.dnp.gov.co/CDT/Conpes/Econ%C3%B3micos/4144.pdf", "description": "AI law in Colombia: This government bill (Senate 442/25), radicated on 7 May 2025, proposed a comprehensive, risk‑based regulatory framework for artificial intelligence in Colombia led by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MinCiencias) and the Ministry of Information and Communications Technologies (MinTIC). The draft set out risk classifications (unacceptable, high, limited, low), mandatory impact assessments and registries for high‑risk systems, transparency and human oversight rules, data‑protection alignment, sectoral safeguards for health and finance, and administrative sanctions; the bill was archived in the Senate and did not become law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "AC739-2026", "url": "/documents/1526/SANCION_ABOGADO_IA.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the CSJ. Fabricated: Case Law | Inserted in the subsanation; Relatoría found no record; court treated as fabricated (subsequent addition to initial set). Outcome: Temeridad declaration; monetary fine; bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "CSJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Temeridad declaration; monetary fine; bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2 December 2025", "title": "Luis Alberto Contreras Fandinoe", "url": "/documents/1161/Colombia_14.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the Tribunal Superior de Bogotá. Misrepresented: Case Law | First-instance judgment attributed a passage to 'SP414-2023, rad. 61005' about congruence; the appellate court found the cited content does not correspond to that decision. Outcome: Judgment quashed and remanded; copies sent to disciplinary commission..", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tribunal Superior de Bogotá", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Judgment quashed and remanded; copies sent to disciplinary commission.", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "5 November 2025", "title": "STC17832-2025", "url": "/documents/1008/STC_17832-2025.pdf", "description": "Judge appeared before the Corte Suprema de Justicia. False Quotes: Case Law | Tribunal attributed a literal excerpt to CSJ STC13560-2023 that does not appear in that decision; Supreme Court reviewed the full text and concluded the quoted paragraph is nonexistent. Outcome: Order quashed.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Corte Suprema de Justicia", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order quashed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "AC739-2026", "url": "/documents/1526/SANCION_ABOGADO_IA.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Inserted in the subsanation; Relatoría found no record; court treated as fabricated (subsequent addition to initial set). || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as precedent in the initial brief; Relatoría found no record in official repositories; court treated as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Inserted in the subsanation; Relatoría found no record; court treated as fabricated (subsequent addition to initial set). || Fabricated: Case Law | Inserted in the subsanation; Relatoría found no record; court treated as fabricated (subsequent addition to initial set). || Fabricated: Case Law | Inserted in the subsanation; Relatoría found no record; court treated as fabricated (subsequent addition to initial set). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | The filing attributed specific numbered causes to Article 250 CGP (numerals 5 and 7) though Article 250 concerns documentary probative indivisibility and has no such numerals; court found the attribution false. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | In the subsanation the lawyer cited Article 355.7 and 355.8 with texts that do not correspond to the authentic wording of those numerals; court found the content altered to fit the argument. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Two Constitutional Court de", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CSJ", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Temeridad declaration; monetary fine; bar referral", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Luis Alberto Contreras Fandinoe", "url": "/documents/1161/Colombia_14.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | First-instance judgment attributed a passage to 'SP414-2023, rad. 61005' about congruence; the appellate court found the cited content does not correspond to that decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Decision cited multiple non-existent Corte Suprema decisions (said to support exclusion of CD loss); those citations do not exist in the repository. || Misrepresented: Case Law | The judgment quoted and paraphrased Constitutional Court decision C-591 de 2005 in a way the appellate court held was not supported by the original text. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | First-instance opinion referenced doctrinal work 'Derecho Procesal Penal Colombiano' by Fernando Velásquez Velásquez, which the appellate court found to be nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Tribunal Superior de Bogotá", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Judgment quashed and remanded; copies sent to disciplinary commission.", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "STC17832-2025", "url": "/documents/1008/STC_17832-2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Tribunal attributed a literal excerpt to CSJ STC13560-2023 that does not appear in that decision; Supreme Court reviewed the full text and concluded the quoted paragraph is nonexistent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Tribunal attributed a literal excerpt to CSJ STC4734-2025 asserting that acts outside the term cannot interrupt it; Supreme Court found that exact formulation is not in STC4734-2025.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Corte Suprema de Justicia", "party": "Judge", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order quashed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Colombia has various policies addressing AI governance, including the following: · National AI Policy · AI Expert Mission · National Policy for Digita", "url": "", "description": "Colombia has various policies addressing AI governance, including the following: · National AI Policy · AI Expert Mission · National Policy for Digital Transformation and AI · Projects on Digital Transformation and the Bill of Law No. 422 promotes AI R&D, classifies AI risk and sets out a liability framework. It also names the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation as the primary AI regulator.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "AC739-2026", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1526/SANCION_ABOGADO_IA.pdf", "date": "13 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Luis Alberto Contreras Fandinoe", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1161/Colombia_14.pdf", "date": "2 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "STC17832-2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1008/STC_17832-2025.pdf", "date": "5 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 33, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "170" }, { "id": "NZ", "title": "New Zealand", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Establishment of Trust Framework Board and Authority in New Zealand Digital Identity Services Bill 2021", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/b00cd25e-18dd-48d7-a68a-047aa9f41fce?Tab=history", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the New Zealand Digital Identity Services Bill was implemented. The Bill provides for the establishment of a Trust Framework (TF) for digital identity service providers, including two new administering bodies, the TF Board and the TF Authority. The TF Board would be responsible for drafting and recommending new rules to the responsible minister, educating TF providers and the public, and monitoring the framework's effectiveness. The TF Authority would be responsible for admini...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Accreditation of digital identity services in New Zealand Digital Identity Services Trust Framework Bill 2021", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/b00cd25e-18dd-48d7-a68a-047aa9f41fce?Tab=history", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the New Zealand Digital Identity Services Bill was implemented. The Bill provides for the establishment of an accreditation regime for digital identity service providers, which are defined as services that allow users to share personal or organisational information as part of a transaction. While participation in the accreditation regime is not mandatory, participants will be able to use accreditation marks (called trust marks in earlier versions of the legislation) to identif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-16", "title": "Ministry of Health infection surveillance data standard", "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/hiso-100581-infection-surveillance-data-standard", "description": "The Ministry of Health publishes the infection surveillance data standard, which defines the format and structure for capturing the information used to undertake surveillance of health care-associated infections, aiming to improve the quality of data for infection monitoring while ensuring that patients` privacy is protected.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-17", "title": "Online News Act", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/bill/government/2023/0278/latest/versions.aspx", "description": "On 17 August 2023, the Fair Digital News Bargaining Bill, aimed at regulating content remuneration between news publishers and digital platforms, was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament. The Bill aims to ensure that news publishers are fairly compensated for the use of their content by digital platforms, including online advertising providers, search service providers, and various platform intermediaries. The Bill establishes a framework for negotiations, a bargaining code, and a process...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-25", "title": "Office of Privacy Commissioner Guidelines on the use of generative Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/generative-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 25 May 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) issued Guidelines on the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and compliance with privacy regulations. The OPC noted that AI tools powered by large amounts of data could pose risks concerning the confidentiality and accuracy of the information and the handling of personal data. The OPC notes that agencies wishing to use AI tools, including those in the public and private sectors, need approval from senior leadership,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "Biometrics Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/focus-areas/biometrics/", "description": "On 3 November 2025, the Privacy Commissioner Biometric Processing Privacy Code 2025, issued under the Privacy Act 2020, enters into force. The Code strengthens existing notification, purpose, and transparency obligations and introduces a requirement for agencies to conduct a proportionality assessment weighing the privacy risks and public benefits of biometric processing, as well as to implement appropriate privacy safeguards. It applies to all biometric identification, verification, and cate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "Privacy Commissioner Investigation into Foodstuffs North Island's Facial Recognition Technology Trial", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/statements-media-releases/privacy-commissioner-to-keep-a-close-eye-on-foodstuffs-north-island-frt-trial/", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Privacy Commissioner announced an investigation into the facial recognition technology (FRT) trial initiated by Foodstuffs North Island. The trial, which spans over 25 stores, was requested by the Commissioner to provide evidence that FRT is a justified method to reduce retail crime, considering the privacy implications of using shoppers' biometric information. The Commissioner expressed concerns about the effectiveness of FRT in reducing harmful behaviour in supermark...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-01-12", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Privacy Act (Bill No. 34-3/Act 2020 No. 31)", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/whole.html#LMS23226", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Privacy Act (Act No. 31) entered into force. The Act established the responsibilities of the enforcement authority, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner. The Commissioner can request agencies to provide contact details, investigate complaints, name breaching agencies, issue compliance notices, or seek injunctions to prevent misuse of breached personal information. Additionally, the Commissioner has the power to adopt codes of practice for specific industries or sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-12", "title": "Cross-border data transfer in Privacy Act (Bill No. 34-3/Act 2020 No. 31)", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/whole.html#LMS23226", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Privacy Act 2020 (Act No. 31), including cross-border data transfer regulation, entered into force. Agencies can transfer personal information overseas if the recipient is subject to privacy laws or contractual obligations providing safeguards comparable to the New Zealand Privacy Act. If such protections are not in place, the individuals have to provide informed consent for their data to be transferred. The Privacy Commissioner can prohibit transborder dataflows if th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-12", "title": "OPC Guidance on privacy responsibilities under Privacy Act 2020", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/working-with-sensitive-information/", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) in New Zealand published guidance on handling personal information under the Privacy Act. This guidance outlines the responsibilities of agencies in collecting, holding, using, and disclosing personal information. It emphasises the importance of adhering to the 13 information privacy principles defined in the Act, which apply across various sectors, including government departments, businesses, and non-profit organizations. Addi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-03", "title": "FMI Cyber Resilience Standard 17C", "url": "https://www.fma.govt.nz/assets/FMI/Standard-17C-Cyber-resilience.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the Financial Markets Authority (FMA) adopted the FMI STANDARD 17C, a Cyber Resilience Standard for Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs). The standard mandates every operator of a designated FMI, as specified under section 29(2)(f) of the Financial Market Infrastructures Act 2021, to ensure the maintenance of cyber resilience in alignment with the FMI’s exposure to cyber risk. It encompasses operators within various classes of designated FMIs, including pure payment system...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-25", "title": "MBIE Cabinet paper on approach to work on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/dmsdocument/28913-approach-to-work-on-artificial-intelligence-proactiverelease-pdf", "description": "On 25 July 2024, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment adopted a paper on the approach to work on Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper applies to both the public sector and the broader economy, focusing on the increasing use of AI across various sectors in New Zealand. The paper highlights that New Zealand faces several challenges in securing the potential of AI, including a general mistrust of AI, low uptake in the economy, and limited adoption in public services, hindering ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "title": "DIA investigation into terrorist and violent extremist content online", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/Countering-violent-extremism-online/$file/DVE-Transparency-Report-2023-(Updated-May-2024).pdf", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) released its 2023 Digital Violent Extremism Transparency Report. The report provides insights into how DIA identifies and addresses online violent extremism. Key findings include a 25% increase in URL referrals from 2022 to 2023, with 38% of the 886 URLs reviewed deemed objectionable. Platforms such as X/Twitter, Telegram, and TikTok were the most commonly referred. Notably, TikTok removed 81% of reported content before formal request...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-16", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner's guide for organisations on handling privacy complaints", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/handling-privacy-complaints-a-step-by-step-guide/", "description": "On 16 October 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner issued a guide on handling privacy complaints. The guide outlines a five-step process for organisations, specifically acknowledging the complaint, listening to the complainant, investigating the issues, attempting to resolve the problem collaboratively, and rebuilding trust afterwards. The guide aims to help organisations manage privacy concerns effectively and maintain positive relationships with individuals.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "Guidance on indirect collection of personal information in Privacy Amendment Bill (No. 292-1)", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/assets/DOCUMENTS/202505430-DRAFT-IPP3A-guidance-for-website-and-external-consultation-A1073422.pdf", "description": "On 25 June 2025, the Privacy Commissioner closes its consultation on draft guidance on the Privacy Amendment Bill, focusing on the new Information Privacy Principle (IPP) 3A, which introduces notification requirements for the indirect collection of personal information. The draft guidance outlines how organisations should notify individuals when collecting their personal data from third-party sources. It also clarifies the circumstances under which such notification may be waived, the types o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre Minimum Cyber Security Standards", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/Minimum-Cyber-Security-Standards.pdf", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the National Cyber Security Centre closes its consultation on the Minimum Cyber Security Standards. The consultation, conducted in collaboration with the Public Service Commission (PSR), seeks feedback from mandated agencies and industry partners regarding the proposed standards. These standards establish minimum cybersecurity practices, require agencies to meet Capability Maturity Model level two (CMM2) for business-critical and external-facing systems, and were published on ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Artificial Intelligence strategy", "url": "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/assets/new-zealands-strategy-for-artificial-intelligence.pdf", "description": "On 8 July 2025, the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment adopted the Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategy focusing on investing with confidence to drive AI adoption and economic growth. The strategy aims to boost productivity in key sectors including agriculture, healthcare, education, and tourism. The strategy applies to both public and private sectors, addressing the low uptake among small and medium enterprises and principles-based policy aligned with Organisation for Economic ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-08", "title": "Privacy Commissioner guidance on use of images under Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/blog/care-needed-with-image-use/", "description": "On 11 August 2025, the Privacy Commissioner issued guidance on the use of images under the Privacy Act 2020. The Commissioner confirmed that photographs qualify as personal information when they identify an individual. Agencies are expected to be transparent when collecting, using, or sharing such information, and commercial agencies must do so fairly and without unreasonable intrusiveness, even in public places. The guidance also stressed that the fact that personal information is publicly a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "New Zealand created its AI Strategy and Guidance products to incorporate OECD values in a distinct manner", "url": "", "description": "New Zealand released a suite of AI materials—a milestone as the last OECD country to publish a national AI strategy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 April 2021", "title": "Guidance for cyber resilience published by Reserve Bank", "url": "https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/news/2021/04/reserve-bank-publishes-cyber-resilience-guidance", "description": "The Reserve Bank of New Zealand finalised its Guidance on Cyber Resilience, an outline of the Reserve Bank's expectations relating to cyber resilience for all entities under its regulatory domain. The outline includes what the RBNZ understands to be best practices in cyber resilience and suggests steps for the continued improvement of corporate policy and standards in this area.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 April 2021", "title": "Ministry of Health Cancer Multidisciplinary Meeting Data Standard", "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/hiso-100384-cancer-multidisciplinary-meeting-data-standard", "description": "The Ministry of Health publishes the cancer multidisciplinary meeting data standard, which outlines the nationally agreed core data elements for capturing patient and cancer information to support the cancer multidisciplinary meeting process. The aim is to provide access to high-quality patient information while ensuring patients` privacy protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 July 2021", "title": "Guidance on cyber resilience for financial advice providers", "url": "https://www.fma.govt.nz/assets/Guidance/Developing-cyber-resilience-for-financial-advice-providers.pdf", "description": "On 29 July 2021, New Zealand's Financial Market Authority (FMA) adopted a guidance on cyber resilience for financial advice providers. The report indicates the specific obligations for financial advice providers to ensure that their systems remain secure. In addition, the report suggests equipping for cyber risk management, regularly testing systems and controls, cultivating a culture of awareness within the organisation, and notifying the FMA of any security breach.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2021", "title": "OPC Guidance on Sensitive Information under Privacy Act 2020", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/working-with-sensitive-information/", "description": "On 16 December 2021, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC), New Zealand's data protection regulator, published its guidance on working with sensitive information under the Privacy Act 2020. The guidance provides details on the definition of sensitive personal information and sensitive personal information within the Act, and expands on the appropriate standard of care for handling such information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 February 2022", "title": "Data transfer measures in UK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-new-zealand-sign-comprehensive-trade-deal", "description": "The UK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement is signed. The Agreement includes measures concerning data transfers between the two countries. It enables the free flow of data between the UK and New Zealand by removing data localisation requirements and acknowledging that the UK and New Zealand have an equally strong data protection regime. Transfers of personal data between the UK to New Zealand are allowed as long as the countries satisfy the equivalent data protection. Moreover, the Agreement req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2022", "title": "Consultation on privacy regulation of biometric technologies in New Zealand", "url": "https://privacy.org.nz/assets/New-order/News/Consultations/Privacy-regulation-of-biometrics-in-Aotearoa-New-Zealand.pdf", "description": "On 30 September 2022, the consultation by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner on privacy regulation of biometrics in New Zealand closed. The consultation paper invited views on the uses, concerns and risks involved in the use of biometrics, relevant Māori cultural perspectives on identity and privacy, application of the Privacy Act to biometrics, and other aspects of regulatory measures on the collection, storage, use and disclosure of biometric information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 March 2025", "title": "Customer and Product Data Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/770A5F4E-2185-4F1F-1395-08DC75512299?Tab=history", "description": "On 29 March 2025, the Customer and Product Data Bill enters into force. The purpose of the Bill is to establish a consumer data rights framework with a view to facilitating access to and sharing of customer and product data across the economy. The Bill stipulates that designated data holders, such as businesses holding customer data, must provide such data to customers and, with the customers' authorisation, to accredited third parties. The Bill stipulates that data holders must respond to el...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "Safer Online Services and Media Platforms Review", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/online-content-regulation/$file/Safer-Online-Services-and-Media-Platforms-Summary-of-Submissions-V2.pdf", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) released a summary report concluding the Safer Online Services and Media Platforms review, formerly known as the Content Regulatory Review. The report release represents the closure of the inquiry. The review aimed to regulate online services and media platforms in New Zealand, focusing on reducing harmful online content while balancing freedom of expression and press freedom. The summary document highlights public feedback on the pro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 August 2022", "title": "CERT NZ Guide on Behavioural Insights for Being Secure Online", "url": "https://www.cert.govt.nz/individuals/news-and-events/a-changing-cyber-world-is-outpacing-new-zealanders-security-steps-research/", "description": "On 18 August 2022, the New Zealand Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT NZ) published its Guide on Behavioural Insights for Being Secure Online. The guide addresses the increasing cyber security incidents faced by New Zealanders as their online activities grow and provides strategies for organisations to improve their cyber security messaging.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Privacy Amendment Bill (No. 292-1)", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/56e3fbe7-1f3d-464e-b54d-08dbae8917ae?lang=en&Tab=history", "description": "On 1 May 2026, the Privacy Amendment Act, which introduces notification requirements for the indirect collection of personal information, enters into force. The Act requires agencies to notify individuals when collecting personal information from third parties, with exceptions for data collected before 1 May 2026. The notification must also include the purpose for the collection and the intended recipients of the information. The individual must be made aware of the name and address of both t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 February 2024", "title": "Young People's Privacy Project", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/news/consultations/children-and-young-peoples-privacy-project-page/", "description": "On 16 April 2024, New Zealand's Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) released a report following public consultations on children's privacy. The report highlights a need for regulatory changes to better protect children's privacy. Key concerns identified include a desire to strengthen privacy regulations, possibly introducing a child-specific code of practice, and establishing the right to be forgotten, allowing the deletion of personal information. Public feedback emphasised considering ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2022", "title": "Report on the Mapping Media Content Harms", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/online-content-regulation/$file/Mapping-media-content-harms-report.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2022, the Department of International Affairs of New Zealand published a Report on Mapping Media Content Harms. The report includes a conceptual framework designed to guide the Department of International Affairs in understanding the regulatory landscape of media content in New Zealand. It outlines the current regulatory scenario for content harms and delves into the content harms identified through literature research. The report introduces a conceptual framework that discuss...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 June 2020", "title": "Films, Videos, and Publications Classification (Commercial Video on-Demand) Amendment Act 2020", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0049/latest/whole.html?", "description": "On 6 August 2020, the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification (Commercial Video on-Demand) Amendment Act 2020 was enacted after receiving royal assent. The amendment modified the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. In particular, the amendment broadened the Act's scope to encompass the classification of Commercial Video on-Demand (CVoD) content. CVoD content refers to visual media accessible online on-demand by users who have paid a fee. The primary goal of the Act...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "Privacy Commissioner Guide on Privacy Impact Assessment", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/privacy-impact-assessment-toolkit/", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Privacy Commissioner released a guide on Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA), including information on how organisations engaged in projects involving personal information processing can mitigate risks. The guide includes various tools and documents. The PIA serves as a method for organisations to evaluate and manage privacy risks associated with the collection, use, or sharing of personal information. It ensures projects align with privacy laws, identifies and minimises p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "DCET investigations into illegal CSAM material available online", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/press.nsf/d77da9b523f12931cc256ac5000d19b6/e13df659ed765a7bcc258ac8006ed793!OpenDocument", "description": "On 20 February 2024, the Department of Internal Affairs of New Zealand (DIA) published the findings following the Digital Child Exploitation Team (DCET) investigations into illegal material available online, including child sexual abuse material (CSAM). The DIA stated that from January to December 2023, the DCET conducted 47 investigations, which resulted in the discovery of 2’966’773 pieces of illegal material and the seizure of 209 devices. Further, the investigation resulted in the blocki...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Reserve Bank of New Zealand Cyber Resilience Reporting Requirements", "url": "https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/hub/news/2024/03/new-measures-to-build-cyber-resilience", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the Reserve Bank of New Zealand made changes to cyber resilience reporting requirements following a public consultation. Entities, such as registered banks, deposit takers, and insurers, are required to report significant cyber incidents to the Reserve Bank as soon as practicable but within 72 hours. Entities are also required to report all cyber incidents to the Reserve Bank, regardless of materiality, with large entities required to report all cyber incidents every six mont...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 June 2024", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner's guidance on good privacy practices", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/news/consultations/poupou-matatapu/", "description": "On 22 June 2024, the New Zealand Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) closes the public consultation on the draft guidance on good privacy practices. The guideline is addressed to businesses and serves as a recommendation on how to implement privacy obligations into business practices. The guidance specifically aims to assist businesses in developing and implementing precautionary and preliminary measures in relation to privacy. In particular, the guidance addresses the topics of governan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 January 2020", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Privacy Act (Bill No. 34-3/Act 2020 No. 31)", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/whole.html#LMS23226", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Privacy Act (2020 No. 31) entered into force. The Act includes provisions for cybersecurity regulation and mandates that agencies covered by the Bill must report data breaches. Specifically, the cybersecurity regulations, which are outlined in part 6 of the Act, delineate the procedures for handling notifiable privacy breaches and compliance notices. A notifiable privacy breach is a privacy breach that it is reasonable to believe has caused serious harm to an affected ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2022", "title": "Updated Digital Child Exploitation Filtering System Code of Practice", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/digital-child-exploitation-Code-of-Practice-June-2022", "description": "On 1 June 2022, New Zealand's Department of Internal Affairs adopted the Digital Child Exploitation Filtering System (DCEFS) Code of Practice addressed to Internet Service Providers (ISPs). The initiative is designed to prevent access to websites containing child sexual abuse material, thereby reducing the market for such material and contributing to a safer online environment. Participation by ISPs is voluntary, as New Zealand law does not mandate connection to the system. The DCEFS operates...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 July 2022", "title": "Classification of \"The Three Faced Terrorist -- Part Two\" by Classification Office", "url": "https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/news/news-items/video-featuring-footage-from-march-15-mosque-attacks-permanently-banned/", "description": "On 26 July 2022, New Zealand's Classification Office concluded its investigation into part two of “The Three-Faced Terrorist” and classified it as objectionable. This decision follows the interim ban placed on the \"pseudo-documentary\" in June, which contains extensive footage from the 15 March Mosque attacks, accompanied by claims of fabrication. The final ruling deems the video as containing extreme cruelty and violence, degrading, dehumanising, and demeaning towards the victims of the terro...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 May 2022", "title": "Classification Office assessment of \"Buffalo mass shooting livestream\" qualification as objectionable", "url": "https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/news/news-items/following-decision-to-ban-manifesto-the-buffalo-mass-shooting-livestream-is-now-banned/", "description": "On 16 May 2022, the Classification Office announced the temporary ban of the livestream video of the Buffalo mass shooting, following the decision to temporarily ban the shooter's manifesto. The video, which is 6 minutes and 52 seconds long, was classified as objectionable under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993, due to its depiction of extreme violence and cruelty. This classification makes it an offence to possess or distribute the video. A final classification dec...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2022", "title": "Films, Videos, and Publications Classification (Urgent Interim Classification of Publications and Prevention of Online Harm) Amendment Bill 2021", "url": "https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/hansard-debates/hansard-debate-summaries/films-videos-and-publications-classification-urgent-interim-classification-of-publications-and-prevention-of-online-harm-amendment-bill-first-reading-summary/", "description": "On 1 February 2022, the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification (Urgent Interim Classification of Publications and Prevention of Online Harm) Amendment Bill 2021 was implemented. The Act was adopted in response to the Christchurch Mosque attack to prevent the spread of terrorist and violent extremist content online. The Bill would introduce new powers to the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) to issue formal takedown notices to online content hosts hosting objectionable material, wit...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2021", "title": "Internal Department guideline on prohibition on remote interactive gambling", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/Gambling-Factsheets-2021/$file/FactSheet-27-2021.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2021, the Internal Department of New Zealand adopted an outline specifying the regulation under the Gambling Act 2003, section 9(2)(b), which prohibits remote interactive gambling. This includes gambling through communication devices such as computers, telephones, and similar devices, where there is a payment to participate and an element of chance to win money or a prize. Exemptions include sales promotions in the form of a lottery conducted in New Zealand, activities by the Ne...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2021", "title": "Harmful Digital Communications (Appointment of Approved Agency) Order 2021 designating NetSafe Incorporated as approved agency", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2021/0126/latest/whole.html#LMS492295", "description": "On 30 June 2021, the Harmful Digital Communications (Appointment of Approved Agency) Order 2021 entered into force. The order designates NetSafe Incorporated as the Approved Agency for a term of five years, in accordance with section 7 of the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015. The appointment empowers NetSafe Incorporated to oversee the regulation of content moderation, aiming to address harmful digital communications across various sectors. This initiative is administered by the Minist...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2022", "title": "Harmful Digital Communications (Unauthorised Posting of Intimate Visual Recording) Amendment Act 2022", "url": "https://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2022/0003/latest/whole.html", "description": "On 9 March 2022, the Harmful Digital Communications (Unauthorised Posting of Intimate Visual Recording) Amendment Act 2022 entered into force. The Act amends the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015 to introduce regulations against the unauthorised posting of intimate visual recordings. It establishes offences for posting such content without consent, with penalties including imprisonment and fines. Additionally, the amendment allows courts to make civil orders during proceedings, includin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2022", "title": "Aotearoa New Zealand Code of Practice for Online Safety and Harms", "url": "https://netsafe.org.nz/onlinesafetycodeofpractice/", "description": "On 25 July 2022, Netsafe and NZTech adopted the Aotearoa New Zealand Code of Practice for Online Safety and Harms after NetSafe Incorporated was designated as an Approved Agency under the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015. The code establishes a voluntary framework for messaging service providers, platform intermediaries handling user-generated content, and streaming service providers to commit to reducing the risk of online content that may cause harm to New Zealanders. The Code outlin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2020", "title": "Telecommunications Information Privacy Code 2020", "url": "https://privacy.org.nz/assets/New-order/Privacy-Act-2020/Codes-of-practice/Telecommunications-information-privacy-code-2020/Telecommunications-Information-Privacy-Code-2020-website-version.pdf", "description": "The Telecommunications Information Privacy Code 2020, adopted by New Zealand's Privacy Commissioner, came into force on 1 December 2020. The Code outlines specific obligations for telecommunications agencies regarding the handling of personal information, including provisions for emergency location information, caller identification, and directory services, ensuring a higher standard of privacy and security for individuals in New Zealand.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 August 2023", "title": "National Security Group inquiry into critical infrastructure resilience", "url": "https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/news/lifting-resilience-new-zealands-critical-infrastructure", "description": "On 8 August 2023, the National Security Group (NSG) Part of the National Security and Intelligence Oversight closes the public consultation on the resilience of New Zealand’s critical infrastructure. The NSG issued a discussion document outlining a proposal for a systems-based regulatory approach to complement existing sectoral regulations with comprehensive resilience requirements for critical infrastructure. The document notes that telecommunications, financial, and digital services (such a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 November 2020", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner guidelines on model contract clauses for sending personal information overseas", "url": "https://privacy.org.nz/blog/model-contract-clauses-for-sending-personal-information-overseas/", "description": "On 19 November 2020, the New Zealand Privacy Commissioner released guidelines with model contract clauses for sending personal information overseas, following the Privacy Act 2020. Under the new privacy principle 12, businesses must ensure personal data sent abroad is protected by privacy standards comparable to those in New Zealand. This can be achieved through contractual safeguards, which specify how overseas recipients must handle the information. Model contract clauses have been provided...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 December 2023", "title": "Department of Internal Affairs' Take-down Notice Guidance", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/Files/New-Zealand-Online-Process/$file/Take-down-Notice-Guidance.pdf", "description": "On 21 December 2023, the Department of Internal Affairs in New Zealand issued a Take-down Notice Guidance as part of the updates to the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. The guidance enables the Department to issue take-down notices to online content hosts, such as messaging services, online advertising providers, and platform intermediaries for e-commerce and user-generated content, requiring them to remove or prevent public access to content classified as objectionabl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre Rolls and Responders Incident Response Testing Resource", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/news/rolls-and-responders", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) launched \"Rolls & Responders,\" a new tool designed to help organisations improve their cyber resilience. This resource provides a practical and engaging way for businesses to test their incident response plans, ensuring they are better prepared to handle potential cyber incidents. By offering an easy-to-use, simulation-based approach, the tool aims to simplify the testing process, making it more accessible and less time-consuming fo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "Budapest Convention and Related Matters Legislation Amendment Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/6/f2d3b46e-56c2-41cd-0edd-08dcdb5e62cc?Tab=history", "description": "On 22 September 2024, the Budapest Convention and Related Matters Legislation Amendment Bill was introduced in the parliament. The Bill aligns with the Budapest Convention and includes provisions such as new \"preservation directions\" in the Search and Surveillance Act for securing digital evidence, amendments to the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act to enhance international cooperation, and updates to the Crimes Act to ensure cybercrime offences fully meet the Convention's requirements.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "OPC Guideline on section 77 of the Privacy Act 2020 on conciliation", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/section-77-and-conciliations/", "description": "On 16 October 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) issued guidelines on the use of conciliation under section 77 of the Privacy Act 2020 to resolve privacy complaints. The guideline applies to organisations that may have breached privacy principles, aiming to facilitate early resolution through conciliation meetings rather than formal investigations. It allows parties to negotiate a mutually agreeable outcome, with the OPC providing guidance, though the final decision rests with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "Declaration on joining Bletchley Declaration on AI Safety", "url": "https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/nz-joins-uk-initiative-ai-safety", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the New Zealand government adopted the Bletchley Declaration on Artificial Intelligence (AI) safety, which was already signed by 28 other countries. The Bletchley Declaration is an agreement on international cooperation to address AI risks arising from potential intentional misuse or unintended issues of control of frontier AI, focusing on cybersecurity, biotechnology and disinformation risks. In addition, the parties will collaborate to identify AI safety risks and build ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 October 2024", "title": "NZSIS and NCSC guidance on secure innovation: security advice for emerging technology companies", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/news/security-advice-for-tech-start-ups", "description": "On 29 October 2024, the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) and the Government Communications Security Bureau’s (GCSB) National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) released the guidance Secure Innovation: Security Advice for Emerging Technology Companies. The guidance provides information to New Zealand’s emerging technology sector, particularly tech start-ups, to defend against potential espionage and intellectual property theft. The guidance, developed with counterparts from Australi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "National Cyber Security Centre cyber security alert regarding exploitation of vulnerabilities in Fortinet FortiOS products", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/news/cves-fortinet-products", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) issued a cyber security warning regarding the exploitation of vulnerabilities in Fortinet FortiOS products. In particular, CVE-2022-42475, CVE-2023-27997 and CVE-2024-21762 have been actively targeted by threat actors since 2023, allowing them to compromise devices, maintain persistence and potentially access sensitive data such as credentials and key material. Organisations with exposed SSL-VPN functionality during this period are u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Department of Internal Affairs investigation into distribution of child sexual exploitation material online", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/press.nsf/d77da9b523f12931cc256ac5000d19b6/80db1237ddacc1fccc258c7b007b96be!OpenDocument", "description": "On 30 April 2025, the New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs published the 2024 Digital Child Exploitation Transparency Report, following an investigation into child sexual exploitation material shared via online platforms. In 2024, the Department blocked more than 1'032'683 attempts to access websites containing objectionable content using the Digital Child Exploitation Filtering System. In collaboration with the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, the Department received...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Deepfake Digital Harm and Exploitation Bill", "url": "https://bills.parliament.nz/v/1/c32ac7f9-7a12-43a0-b29e-08dd90dc6f88", "description": "On 23 October 2025, the Deepfake Digital Harm and Exploitation Bill was introduced in New Zealand Parliament. The Bill aims to amend the Crimes Act 1961 and the Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015 by including digitally altered or synthesised images within the definition of an intimate visual recording. This Bill intends to address the proliferation of sexually explicit deepfakes and extend legal protections to individuals whose likeness is used without consent. The Bill specifies that in...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 May 2020", "title": "Privacy Protection Commissioner guidelines for compliance with Privacy Act 2020", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/publications/guidance-resources/children-and-young-people-photography-and-filming-guidance/", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Office of the Privacy Protection Commissioner of New Zealand issued guidance on protecting the privacy and safety of children and young people when collecting, using, sharing, storing, and deleting photographs or videos. It emphasises that images of identifiable individuals constitute personal information under the Privacy Act 2020 and must therefore comply with the Information Privacy Principles (IPPs). Organisations must ensure that images are collected only for a lawful...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 September 2025", "title": "Department of Internal Affairs inquiry into terrorist and violent extremist content", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/press.nsf/d77da9b523f12931cc256ac5000d19b6/df813897a1491e72cc258cc10082d018!OpenDocument", "description": "On 9 July 2025, New Zealand's Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) adopted the 2024 digital violent extremism transparency report, highlighting a 10% increase in referrals of extremist online content, with 974 URLs flagged over the year. The report applies to digital platforms hosting user-generated content and revealed that 243 informal and 38 formal take-down notices were issued, resulting in the removal of 88% of flagged content. The most commonly reported ideology was identity-motivated e...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 September 2025", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner clarification on information sharing for child safety and wellbeing", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/tuhono-connect/statements-media-releases/privacy-commissioner-speaks-out-about-sharing-information-for-childrens-safety-and-wellbeing/", "description": "On 9 October 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) of New Zealand issued a public statement clarifying that the Privacy Act 2020 does not prevent the sharing of information where there is a safety or well-being concern for a child. The statement followed the Government’s acceptance of all recommendations from the 2022 Dame Karen Poutasi Review on changes to improve the system of safety nets for preventing harm in the children's system. It stated that the Oranga Tamariki Act allow...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Statement on Manage My Health cyber incident", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/tuhono-connect/statements-media-releases/statement-on-manage-my-health-cyber-incident/", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) issued a statement on a cyber incident involving the Manage My Health healthcare platform. The OPC stated that Manage My Health had notified a cyber incident involving unauthorised access to its platform affecting around 6-7 percent of their registered users on 1 January 2026. The OPC's statement directed users to the information provided on the Manage My Health website and informed users on the process for lodging privacy compla...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Privacy Commissioner's investigation into Manage My Health over alleged cybersecurity breach", "url": "https://www.privacy.org.nz/tuhono-connect/statements-media-releases/privacy-commissioner-inquiry-into-manage-my-health-breach/", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner announced an investigation into Manage My Health over a cybersecurity breach in the digital health sector that handles sensitive patient information. The investigation seeks to examine the causes and scale of the breach, the adequacy of security safeguards, affected patient data, governance and contractual arrangements across the health system, and compliance with the Privacy Act and the Health Information Privacy Code 2020. It was st...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Lawsuit by Neighbourly Limited over alleged unauthorised use and dissemination of stolen personal data (No. CIV-2026-404-000001 [2026] NZHC 1)", "url": "https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/2026/2026-NZHC-1.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the High Court of New Zealand in Auckland issued an interim injunction in Neighbourly Limited v Unknown Defendants (CIV-2026-404-000001), ordering the deletion and suppression of data stolen from the Neighbourly online platform. The order applies to any unauthorised person in possession or control of approximately 150 GB of member data, including contact details, platform interactions, and direct messages, which was downloaded from Neighbourly's systems and listed for sale ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Use and disclosure restriction of stolen health data in Lawsuit (Manage My Health Ltd v Unknown Defendants)", "url": "https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/assets/cases/2026/2026-NZHC-2.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the High Court of Wellington granted an interim injunction in Manage My Health Ltd v Unknown Defendants restraining all persons from accessing or dealing with health data exfiltrated in a cyberattack on the Manage My Health patient portal. The proceedings were initiated by Manage My Health Ltd itself, which applied to the High Court for urgent injunctive relief to prevent further access to, and dissemination of, the stolen patient data. The stolen data comprised approximate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Advisory on malicious cyber activity linked to evolving geopolitical developments", "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/news/alert-for-malicious-activity-in-response-to-iran-situation/", "description": "On 6 March 2026, New Zealand’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) issued an advisory urging organisations to increase vigilance against malicious cyber activity linked to evolving geopolitical developments involving Iran. The NCSC stated that it had received incident reports indicating increased brute-force attempts and low-level denial-of-service (DoS) activity targeting organisations. The NCSC advised organisations to strengthen cyber defences, monitor networks for anomalous activity, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 April 2026", "title": "New Zealand - Regulatory Gap as EU AI Act Takes Effect", "url": "https://impactpr.co.nz/ai-regulation-new-zealand/", "description": "New Zealand faces a growing regulatory gap as European AI rules (EU AI Act) begin phasing in and reshape global standards. NZ currently relies on a patchwork of existing laws (Privacy Act, Algorithm Charter, Consumer Guarantees Act) with no dedicated AI legislation.", "categories": [ "Regulatory Gap", "Existing Laws", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 February 2026", "title": "New Zealand - Businesses Urged to Lead on AI Regulation", "url": "https://lawnews.nz/technology/businesses-urged-to-take-the-lead-on-developing", "description": "Industry leaders argue that businesses should take the lead in developing AI regulation in New Zealand, as industry-driven standards can be more practical and timely than government-led rules.", "categories": [ "Self-Regulation", "Industry Standards" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Digital Identity Services Trust Framework Act 2023", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2023/0013/latest/whole.html", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Digital Identity Services Trust Framework Act 2023 establishes a legal framework to accredit and regulate digital identity services in New Zealand, create governance bodies (a TF board and a TF authority), and require accredited providers to meet TF rules, reporting and record-keeping obligations. The Act provides a register of accredited providers and services, enforcement powers, remedies, and specific offences and penalties for misuse or misrepresentation of accreditation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand", "url": "https://www.data.govt.nz/toolkit/data-ethics/government-algorithm-transparency-and-accountability/algorithm-charter", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Algorithm Charter for Aotearoa New Zealand is a voluntary, risk‑based commitment for New Zealand public sector agencies to manage the use of algorithms ethically, transparently and with human oversight. Launched in July 2020, the Charter sets six core commitments (Transparency, Partnership, People, Data, Privacy/Ethics/Human Rights, Human Oversight) and provides a risk matrix to guide proportional application....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "The Digital Strategy for Aotearoa", "url": "https://www.digital.govt.nz/assets/Digital-government/Strategy/Digital-Strategy-for-Aotearoa-English-PDF.pdf", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Digital Strategy for Aotearoa (September 2022) sets a national vision and multi-year framework to enable New Zealanders, communities, economy and environment to flourish in the digital era. Built around three themes—Trust (Mahi Tika), Inclusion (Mahi Tahi) and Growth (Mahi Ake)—the Strategy includes goals, measures and an Action Plan driven by a whole-of-government Digital Executive Board and a series of flagship initiatives such as digital identity, Māori data governance, cyber security alignment and skills development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Digital Identity Services Trust Framework Rules 2024", "url": "https://www.dia.govt.nz/Trust-Framework-for-Digital-Identity-Legislation", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Digital Identity Services Trust Framework Rules 2024 set technical, operational, privacy and security requirements for providers seeking accreditation under New Zealand's Trust Framework. They establish service-specific rules (information, binding, authentication, credential, facilitation), privacy minimisation, security governance, information management and authorisation requirements to support trusted digital identity services....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Privacy Act 2020", "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0031/latest/LMS23223.html", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Privacy Act 2020 modernises New Zealand's privacy law, replacing the Privacy Act 1993 and strengthening protections for personal information by introducing new obligations on agencies (public and private), mandatory breach notification, compliance notices, and binding access decisions by the Privacy Commissioner. The Act explicitly covers overseas agencies carrying on business in New Zealand and imposes new criminal offences and enforcement tools to improve accountability and redress....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "New Zealand’s Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with Confidence", "url": "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/economic-growth/digital-policy/new-zealands-ai-strategy-investing-with-confidence", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: Published by the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) in July 2025, New Zealand’s Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Investing with Confidence is a national, adoption‑focused, principles‑based roadmap to accelerate private‑sector AI uptake. The strategy emphasises enabling business investment through guidance, risk management, alignment with OECD principles, and cross‑government coordination rather than creating a new prescriptive regulatory regime....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Public Service AI Framework", "url": "https://www.digital.govt.nz/standards-and-guidance/technology-and-architecture/artificial-intelligence/public-service-artificial-intelligence-framework", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: The Public Service AI Framework (GCDO) is non‑binding guidance that sets a vision, five principles and a six‑pillar work programme to support responsible AI adoption across New Zealand public service agencies. It encourages a risk‑based, human‑centred and transparency‑focused approach aligned with existing New Zealand law and international AI principles....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Responsible Artificial Intelligence guidance for businesses", "url": "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/support-for-business/responsible-ai-guidance-for-businesses", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: A voluntary, practical guidance released by the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment (MBIE) to help New Zealand businesses adopt and develop AI responsibly, aligned to the OECD AI Principles and New Zealand's AI Strategy. The guidance emphasises a proportionate, lifecycle-based approach covering governance, risk assessment, data stewardship, testing, transparency and ongoing monitoring to support safe, trustworthy AI adoption by businesses of all sizes. (mbie.govt.nz)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Responsible AI Guidance for the Public Service: GenAI", "url": "https://www.digital.govt.nz/standards-and-guidance/technology-and-architecture/artificial-intelligence/responsible-ai-guidance-for-the-public-service-genai/overview", "description": "AI law in New Zealand: Guidance published by the Government Chief Digital Officer (GCDO) to support safe, transparent and responsible adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) across the New Zealand Public Service. It sets non‑binding requirements, best practices and an implementation approach aligned with the OECD AI Principles and the Public Service AI Framework....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 February 2026", "title": "Jones v. Family Court at Whangarei", "url": "/documents/1479/John_Jones_v._Family_Court_New_Zealand_11_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Supreme Court. Fabricated: Case Law | \"Awatere Huata v Prebble [2002] 3 NZLR 827\" — example of a real case name paired with an incorrect citation; Court found it to be a hallucinated/erroneous citation. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "11 November 2025", "title": "Coulson v. ASB Bank", "url": "/documents/1454/Coulson.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the High Court. False Quotes: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "7 November 2025", "title": "QTR v BXD ([2025] NZERA 716)", "url": "/documents/1480/QTR_v_BXS_New_Zealand_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Employment Relations Authority. Fabricated: Case Law | Lengthy document submitted by QTR contained numerous non-existent case citations described by the Authority as 'hallucinated' legal cases asserted as authority.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Employment Relations Authority", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 August 2025", "title": "Cunningham v healthAlliance NZ Limited", "url": "/documents/766/Cunningham_v_healthAlliance_NZ_Limited_2025_NZEmpC_191_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Employment Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Mr Cunningham cited this authority to support a procedural fairness argument; the Court found the case does not exist and noted it may have been generated by AI. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Employment Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "July 2025", "title": "Responsible AI Guidance for Businesses: Investing with Confidence", "url": "https://www.mbie.govt.nz/business-and-employment/business/digital-economy/responsible-use-of-ai/", "description": "New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) published this guidance to accelerate private sector AI adoption while promoting responsible use. It provides a framework for businesses to assess AI risks, establish internal governance, ensure transparency with customers, and comply with existing legal obligations. The document outlines practical steps for due diligence when procuring or developing AI systems, and includes checklists and resources to help organisations ethically source datasets and manage AI-related risks.", "categories": [ "AI Governance", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Risk Management" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 March 2025", "title": "LMN v. STC (No. 2)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/454/LMN_v._STC_No._2_New_Zealand_March_17_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case to argue the Court considers financial constraints; the Court stated no such case exists and warned about relying on generative AI outputs. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2024", "title": "Wikeley v Kea Investments Ltd", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/469/Wikeley_v_Kea_Investments_Ltd_Judgment_21_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the . Fabricated: Case Law | Mr Wikeley filed and then withdrew a 10 September 2024 memorandum that cited apparently non-existent cases, attributed by the Court to undisclosed use of generative AI. Outcome: Referred to guidance about AI.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Referred to guidance about AI", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 September 2023", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and the Information Privacy Principles", "url": "https://privacy.org.nz/assets/New-order/Resources-/Publications/Guidance-resources/AI-Guidance-Resources-/AI-and-the-Information-Privacy-Principles.pdf", "description": "Requires agencies using AI tools in New Zealand to conduct privacy impact assessments, ensure transparency, engage with Māori communities, and implement human review of AI outputs. Emphasizes compliance with the Privacy Act 2020 and its Information Privacy Principles.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "01 July 2023", "title": "Initial advice on Generative Artificial Intelligence in the public service (New Zealand)", "url": "https://www.digital.govt.nz/assets/Standards-guidance/Technology-and-architecture/Generative-AI/Joint-System-Leads-tactical-guidance-on-public-service-use-of-GenAI-September-2023.pdf", "description": "Advises New Zealand Public Service on cautious use of GenAI, emphasizing data privacy, security, and ethical considerations. Prohibits using GenAI with sensitive or personal data externally. Stresses governance, transparency, and collaboration, especially concerning Māori data and interests.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Jones v. Family Court at Whangarei", "url": "/documents/1479/John_Jones_v._Family_Court_New_Zealand_11_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | \"Awatere Huata v Prebble [2002] 3 NZLR 827\" — example of a real case name paired with an incorrect citation; Court found it to be a hallucinated/erroneous citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | \"Baird v R [2013] NZSC 120\" — cited in submissions with an incorrect citation; Court identified this as an example of AI-produced incorrect authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | \"Teddy v Police [2015] NZSC 62\" — real case name combined with an incorrect citation; Court treated it as an AI-generated hallucinated authority and noted the genuine case/citation combination was not directly relevant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-11", "title": "Coulson v. ASB Bank", "url": "/documents/1454/Coulson.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Legal Norm", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "QTR v BXD ([2025] NZERA 716)", "url": "/documents/1480/QTR_v_BXS_New_Zealand_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Lengthy document submitted by QTR contained numerous non-existent case citations described by the Authority as 'hallucinated' legal cases asserted as authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Document included incorrectly cited cases and mis-citations (real cases cited incorrectly), which the Authority identified as part of the AI-generated errors.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Employment Relations Authority", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Cunningham v healthAlliance NZ Limited", "url": "/documents/766/Cunningham_v_healthAlliance_NZ_Limited_2025_NZEmpC_191_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Mr Cunningham cited this authority to support a procedural fairness argument; the Court found the case does not exist and noted it may have been generated by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Mr Cunningham cited this authority in support of seeking a stay; the Court found the case does not exist and noted it may have been generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Employment Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "New Zealand released its AI Strategy, Investing with Confidence, in July 2025, as well as guidance for businesses", "url": "", "description": "New Zealand released its AI Strategy, Investing with Confidence, in July 2025, as well as guidance for businesses. Many New Zealand government agencies are signatories to the Algorithm Charter, which sets out a series of ethical commitments around the development and use of algorithms. The charter provides a risk matrix to assess the likelihood and impact of algorithmic applications. The New Zealand government generally prioritizes trustworthy and human-centric AI development. Although there is no comprehensive AI regulation in New Zealand, the current Privacy Act 2020 applies to the use of AI systems in the country. The Office of the Privacy Commissioner issued guidance on compliance with privacy law when using AI tools, as well as a summary. Further, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner published the Privacy Commissioner's expectations around generative AI in June 2023.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Jones v. Family Court at Whangarei", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1479/John_Jones_v._Family_Court_New_Zealand_11_February_2026.pdf", "date": "11 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Coulson v. ASB Bank", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1454/Coulson.pdf", "date": "11 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "QTR v BXD ([2025] NZERA 716)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1480/QTR_v_BXS_New_Zealand_7_November_2025.pdf", "date": "7 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cunningham v healthAlliance NZ Limited", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/766/Cunningham_v_healthAlliance_NZ_Limited_2025_NZEmpC_191_29_August_2025.pdf", "date": "29 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 94, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "554" }, { "id": "ES", "title": "ES", "entries": [ { "title": "BOE-A-2026-7866", "url": "https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/07/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-7866.pdf", "description": "Resolución de 27 de marzo de 2026, ... Lenguaje y del Ecosistema Empresarial de las Tecnologías del Lenguaje, en el marco de la Estrategia de Inteligencia Artificial ......", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Disposición 8958 del BOE núm. 100 de 2026", "url": "https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/24/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8958.pdf", "description": "Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial, del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "BOE-A-2026-8958 Real Decreto 327/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 317/2025, de 15 de abril, por el que se regula la concesión directa de subvenciones a entidades de referencia en el ámbito de las comunicaciones cuánticas, con el fin de fomentar su colaboración en el marco de la adenda del componente 16, Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial, del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia, financiado por la Unión Europea-Next Generation EU.", "url": "https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-8958", "description": "BOE-A-2026-8958 Real Decreto 327/2026, ... con el fin de fomentar su colaboración en el marco de la adenda del componente 16, Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial, del Plan de Recuperación, Transformación y Resiliencia, financiado por la Unión Europea-Next Generation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-07-30", "title": "AEPD sanctions process against Vodafone for breach of Arts. 6, 17 GDPR", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/ps-00188-2021.pdf", "description": "On 30 July 2021, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos - AEPD) has concluded its sanctions process against Vodafone España. It has found breaches of Art.6(1) (lawfulness of processing) and Art.17(1) (right to erasure of data) of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and has ordered Vodafone España to pay a fine of €96,000. Specifically, Vodafone processed personal data despite lacking legitimization and then in turn did not delete the data a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-28", "title": "Funding for Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence in Budget Law 2022", "url": "https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/2021/12/28/22", "description": "The 2022 Budget Law (Ley 22/2021) is adopted by the Spanish Parliament, introducing a funding of € 5 million to establish the Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence. The Agency shall be created by a subsequent decree of the Government, and must independently carry actions to investigate and minimize the risks deriving from Artificial Intelligence technologies, especially as concerns fundamental rights. Moreover, the Agency is delegated to supervise the application of th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-07", "title": "Spanish Data Protection Authority's investigation into TikTok over changes in processing of personal data for targeted advertising", "url": "", "description": "On 12 July 2022, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced that is opening a preliminary investigation into TikTok over its data processing policy. The investigation was opened following the company’s announcement on 5 July 2022 that as of 13 July 2022 the processing of personal data for targeted advertising would be based on legitimate interests and not on the consent of data subjects. The DPA will assess whether TikTok new privacy policy follows the Spanish data protection regul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "AEPD investigation into Orange Espagne over alleged breach of General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/ps-00413-2021.pdf", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) imposed a fine of EUR 100'000 against Orange Espagne, a mobile network operator, for violating the data minimisation principle set out in Article 5(1)(c) of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the AEPD found that Orange Espagne required drivers of third-party companies to collect photos of the identity cards of clients when making a delivery of their products. The AEPD held that the processing of the p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-05", "title": "Data Protection Authority Guidelines for cryptographic systems validation", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/orientaciones-criptografia-aepd-isms-apep.pdf", "description": "On 9 May 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) issued guidelines on the use of cryptographic systems in data protection in collaboration with the Association for the Promotion of Information Security (ISMS Forum) and the Professional Association for Privacy (APEP). The guidelines are addressed to data controllers, processors, security specialists, advisers and auditors. The purpose of encryption is to make data unidentifiable to others without a key and support data protection ef...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "Updated AEPD Guidelines on the use of cookies", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-actualiza-guia-cookies-para-adaptarla-a-nuevas-directrices-cepd", "description": "On 11 January 2024, the updated guidelines on the use of cookies, aligning with the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) Guidelines 03/2022 on deceptive design patterns in social media platform interfaces, were implemented. The new version incorporates the Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) criteria for presenting cookie acceptance and rejection options. The guideline outlines examples of how these options should be displayed, including colour, size, and placement considerations. The m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-18", "title": "AEPD investigation into Joly Digital over allegedly processing data without consent", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/ps-00489-2022.pdf", "description": "On 18 August 2023, the Data Protection Authority of Spain (AEPD) issued its decision, imposing a fine of EUR 20,000 on Joly Digital S.L.U. (Joly Digital) for infringing the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This penalty followed a complaint from an individual regarding the unauthorised publication of a personal photograph by a journalist associated with Joly Digital on their website. The AEPD found that the act of the individual posting the photo on Instagram did not imply consent f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-22", "title": "Royal decree for the establishment of the Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence (AESIA)", "url": "https://www.hacienda.gob.es/Documentacion/Publico/GabineteMinistro/Notas%20Prensa/2023/CONSEJO-DE-MINISTROS/22-08-23-NP-CM-Estatutos-Agencia-Inteligencia-Artificial.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2023, the Spanish Council of Ministers adopted a royal decree for the establishment of the Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence (AESIA) in anticipation of the adoption and implementation of the European Artificial Intelligence(AI) Act. The AI Act would mandate Member States to designate a national supervisory authority to ensure compliance with the Act. The AESIA, the established agency attached to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-10", "title": "Data Protection Authority \"ValidaCripto RGPD\" tool to assess encryption systems", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-agencia-lanza-herramienta-validacripto", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) launched the “ValidaCripto RGPD” tool, designed to assist in assessing the compliance of encryption systems with data regulations. The tool is a locally-operated web application, freely accessible and designed to ensure that no data is collected or transmitted to the AEPD. Its primary purpose is to provide an efficient means of assessing the suitability of cryptographic systems used in personal data processing by enabling users to s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-22", "title": "AEDP investigation into BURWEBS S.L. for GDPR Violations", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00554-2021.pdf", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Authority ruled on the investigation into BURWEBS S.L.'s data protection practices. The investigation revealed several violations, including the inability to switch off cookies, indefinite storage and processing of user data, and the collection of IP or Wi-Fi data without specifying a purpose. The company also made it difficult for users to delete their personal data by requiring them to present their identity card. The authority was particularly ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-29", "title": "AI regulation in Law on cybersecurity", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/en-us/comunicacion/Pages/Escriva-propone-tres-grandes-consensos-impulso-IA-uso-etico.aspx", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation announced an Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulation in the proposed Law on cybersecurity. The Ministry recognises the increased need for AI regulation and the promotion of the ethical use of AI in regard to cybersecurity. The Ministry decided on six strategic axes for AI regulation. These axes relate to the supercomputing capacity of Spain in various supercomputing centres, the variety of languages in Spa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-29", "title": "Technological infrastructure regulation in law on cybersecurity", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/en-us/comunicacion/Pages/Escriva-propone-tres-grandes-consensos-impulso-IA-uso-etico.aspx", "description": "On 29 January 2024, the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation announced a technological infrastructure regulation in the proposed Law on cybersecurity. The Ministry acknowledges the need to develop the technological capabilities in Spain to be able to address the challenges that arise. The Ministry defined six axes for this regulation, which are the connectivity of the technological infrastructure, the commitment to the semiconductor sector and the competitive advant...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Data Protection Authority Statement on Biometric Data Sale for Cryptocurrencies", "url": "https://apdcat.gencat.cat/en/sala_de_premsa/notes_premsa/noticia/Iris", "description": "On 20 February 2024, the Catalan Data Protection Authority (APDCAT) issued a statement concerning the sale of biometric data, specifically iris scans, in exchange for cryptocurrencies in Catalonia. The APDCAT emphasised that such data, which allows for unequivocal identification of individuals, falls under a particularly sensitive category and requires special protection. The authority outlined that processing of this data requires a legal basis and potentially explicit consent, which must be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-06", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Bill on online child protection", "url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/gobierno/councilministers/Paginas/2024/20240604-council-press-conference.aspx", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the Council of Ministers announced the draft Bill on online child protection. The Bill would be focusing on content moderation regulation across various digital platforms in order to protect minors. The Bill would mandate platforms to implement measures ensuring the protection of minors in the digital environment, including the activation of parental controls by default. Further, the Bill would amend the Penal Code in order to criminalise deepfake pornography, online grooming ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-28", "title": "Catalan Data Protection Authority model for developing Artificial Intelligence solutions respecting fundamental rights", "url": "https://www.dpdenxarxa.cat/pluginfile.php/2468/mod_folder/content/0/CAST-APDcat-281.pdf", "description": "On 28 January 2025, the Catalan Data Protection Authority (APDcat) published a document titled: \"Model for the EIDF: Guide and Use Cases”, which provides a practical methodology for conducting Fundamental Rights Impact Assessments (EIDF) in the design and development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This model aims to ensure that AI systems are developed in compliance with fundamental rights and data protection regulations. The first part of the document outlines the EIDF methodology,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "Data Protection Agency clarification on General Data Protection Regulation regarding AI", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/en/press-and-communication/blog/addressing-misconceptions-%20of-artificial-intelligence", "description": "On 11 March 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published an article on artificial intelligence (AI) and data protection, referring to a recent publication by the UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). The ICO's consultation on generative AI identified several points for clarification, including the requirement that incidental processing of personal data falls within the scope of data protection laws. The ICO stated that data protection rules apply to any processing of pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "title": "Data Protection Agency guidance on its authority in accordance with EU's Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-aepd-recuerda-que-ya-puede-actuar-ante-sistemas-de-ia", "description": "On 15 July 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued guidance clarifying that it can already act against prohibited AI systems that process personal data, before the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act is fully in force. From 2 August 2025, supervisory and sanctioning provisions under Article 5 of the AI Act covering banned AI systems such as real-time biometric identification in public spaces, will begin to apply. Although Spain has not yet adopted its national AI law and the AE...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-18", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Vodafone over alleged direct marketing violations", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/reposicion-ps-00435-2024.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (APED) rejected Vodafone Spain's appeal of an AEPD ruling, which found the company liable for direct marketing violations. On 8 May 2025, Vodafone Spain appealed the ruling from the AEPD in which it issued fines totalling EUR 20'000 for sending unsolicited commercial emails and failing to include an opt-out mechanism in emails. Vodafone claimed that there was a recording error in which another client, who had opted into the emails, was li...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into World 2 Meet over alleged unnecessary collection of personal data", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00389-2024.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) fined World 2 Meet EUR 70’000 for the unnecessary collection of personal data. The amount was reduced by 20 per cent to EUR 56’000 for acknowledgement of liability, and by a further 20 per cent to EUR 42’000 for voluntary payment. World 2 Meet, the travel division of the Iberostar Group, required a complainant to submit a copy of his identity document to complete traveller registration. The complainant argued this was unnecessary...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Updated frequently asked questions on data protection", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-aepd-renueva-preguntas-frecuentes-reforzar-apoyo", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published an updated Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) section, aiming to provide small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and privacy professionals with practical tools for regulatory compliance. The initiative forms part of the Strategic Plan 2025-2030 and addresses over 200 questions commonly raised by data controllers and citizens. The update introduces a new category specifically dedicated to the obligations of data controller...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Guide on protecting privacy while using AI tools", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-publica-decalogo-recomendaciones-proteger-privacidad-al-usar-ia", "description": "On 27 January 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) released a guide on protecting privacy while using AI tools. The guide provides ten recommendations, including advising users not to upload personal data and, in particular, to avoid sensitive data such as health, financial, contractual, geolocation and travel or accommodation data. Further, the guide advises users to review AI service terms and select safer versions, noting data flows including cookies, IP addresses, tracking and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Investigation into X, Meta, and TikTok over alleged AI-enabled creation and dissemination of child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/serviciosdeprensa/notasprensa/presidencia/paginas/2026/170226-fiscalia-delitos-pornografia-infantil-redes.aspx", "description": "On 17 February 2026, Spain's Council of Ministers voted to request the Public Prosecutor's Office to investigate and, where appropriate, prosecute potential crimes of sexual abuse material against minors on major social media platforms, including X, Meta, and TikTok. The Council of Ministers initiated the action under Article 8 of the Organic Statute of the Public Ministry to request an investigation into whether the platforms are facilitating child sexual abuse material through Artificial In...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-03", "title": "Spanish Data Protection Agency investigation into BBVA over alleged General Data Protection Regulation violations (EXP202408496)", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00395-2024.pdf", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued a ruling imposing a sanction of EUR 100'000 on Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) after confirming that the bank had infringed Article 6 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by processing personal data without a valid legal basis. The facts established that the original SEPA mandate was linked to a cancelled account and that BBVA had certified that no active transfer was in place; the claimant’s consent had not ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2021", "title": "Algorithm disclosure requirement towards delivery workers for digital platforms", "url": "https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2021/05/12/pdfs/BOE-A-2021-7840.pdf", "description": "The Royal Decree-Law 9/2021 amending the Worker`s Statute Act goes into force. The Decree awards delivery workers working for digital platforms the right of information about the algorithms which influence their working conditions including prioritisation, performance assessment and other forms of profile building. The representatives of delivery workers may request this information including mathematical formulae and parameters used on behalf of their constituents.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2021", "title": "Risk Management and DPIA Guide", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-publica-nueva-guia-gestionar-riesgos-y-evaluciones-impacto", "description": "The Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) publishes a new Data Protection Impact Assessment Guide which also includes guidance on Risk Management. The stated purpose of the guidance is to help organisations comply with the relevant regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 May 2021", "title": "Data Protection and Labor Relations Guide", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/la-proteccion-de-datos-en-las-relaciones-laborales.pdf", "description": "The Spanish Agency for Data Protection (AEPD) published a Guide on Data Protection and Labor Relations on May 18, 2021. It includes guidance on the application of the General Protection Regulation and the Organic Law on Data Protection and Guarantee of Digital Rights (LOPDGDD) as well as on general issues typical to the workplace. The guide also includes advice on how to treat employees' social media, whistleblowing, as well the protection of data of employees, that became victims to harassme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 June 2020", "title": "Procedure for Intervention against Disinformation", "url": "https://www.boe.es/eli/es/o/2020/10/30/pcm1030", "description": "The Procedure for Intervention against Disinformation is adopted by the National Security Council. The Procedure defines requirements for the detection of disinformation campaigns, the analysis of the impact of disinformation on national security and the authority for enforcement.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 October 2021", "title": "AEPD sanctions process against Vodafone for GDPR violations", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/ps-00111-2021.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2021, the Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD), the Spanish data protection regulator, has concluded its sanctions process against Vodafone. The AEPD found that Vodafone had violated Art.5.1(f) and Art.32, on processing security, of the GDPR, issuing a fine of 50,000 euros.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 May 2022", "title": "Data protection investigation against Google LLC regarding data sharing with Lumen project", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-aepd-sanciona-google-llc-por-ceder-datos-terceros-sin", "description": "On 18 May 2022, the Spanish Agency for Data Protection (AEPD) fined Google LLC EUR 10 million for violating the General Data Protection Regulation (articles 6 and 17) by giving data to third parties without user consent and hindering users from the right of deletion. The fine related to the practice of Google providing data to the \"Lumen project\", a public database on content moderation decisions. Google provided the Lumen project with data on users requesting the removal of content, includin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2022", "title": "Personal Data Protection Provision in General Telecommunications Law 11/2022", "url": "https://www.congreso.es/public_oficiales/L14/CONG/BOCG/A/BOCG-14-A-74-1.PDF", "description": "On 30 June 2022, the General Telecommunications Law 11/2022 entered into force, transposing the European Electronic Communications Code. The law regulates aspects related to users' data and outlines personal data protection measures. The measures are listed in Chapter III, which deals with the protection of fundamental rights, the secrecy of communications and the protection of personal data, as well as public rights and obligations in connection with electronic communications networks and se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 July 2022", "title": "AEPD Guidelines on assessment of biometric data from data protection perspective", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/en/prensa-y-comunicacion/blog/biometric-data-assessment-from-a-data-protection-perspective", "description": "On 26 July 2022, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued a set of Guidelines on the use of biometric data and outlined the implications of the use of biometric techniques and the potential risks to the rights and freedoms of individuals under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Specifically, the Guidelines provide a non-exhaustive list of useful criteria that may be used in risk assessments, including the purposes of biometric data operations, the scope or extent of proces...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 September 2022", "title": "AEPD Guidelines on machine learning and data", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-agencia-y-el-supervisor-europeo-lanzan-un-documento-que", "description": "On 20 September 2022, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published a set of Guidelines on machine learning and data use. The Guidelines explains, among other points, how to ensure that the use of data sets in machine learning is in compliance with the GDPR.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 October 2022", "title": "United States and Spain Capacity Building Tool to Combat Ransomware", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news/2022/11/10/united-states-and-spain-announce-development-new-capacity-building-tool-combat", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), in partnership with the US Department of State and the Spanish Ministry of the Interior, announced a joint project to develop a capacity-building tool with the aim of preventing ransomware attacks. The project was developed as part of the Second International Counter Ransomware Initiative (CRI) Summit, held from 31 October 2022 to 1 November 2022 in Washington DC. The tool will feature case studies on public-...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 January 2023", "title": "AEPD investigation into Thomas International Systems for processing of sensitive personal data", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/documento/ps-00214-2022.pdf", "description": "On 16 January 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Authority (AEPD) released its decision against Thomas International Systems, a provider of online psychometric assessments, after investigating a claim against the company for processing special categories of personal data. In particular, Thomas International Systems ran a psychometric test on behalf of the company Agroxarxa, and required candidates to provide information on race and ethnicity. The AEPD found that Thomas International’s practice...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2022", "title": "Supreme Court ruling on social media users responsibility for offensive comments by third parties on their profile", "url": "https://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Noticias-Judiciales/El-Tribunal-Supremo-condena-al-titular-de-una-cuenta-de-Facebook-por-los-comentarios-publicados-por-terceros-en-su-perfil-publico", "description": "On 3 November 2022, the Spanish Supreme Court issued a decision (case 997/2021) establishing that social media users are accountable for not removing offensive comments made by other users on their profiles. The case centred around the responsibility of a Facebook account holder for comments made by third parties on their public profile. The dispute involved balancing the right to reputation and freedom of expression. The plaintiff's appeal was upheld by the lower court, and the defendant app...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "Privacy by design and privacy by default: A guide for developers", "url": "https://apdcat.gencat.cat/en/sala_de_premsa/notes_premsa/noticia/GuiaMWC", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Catalan Data Protection Authority (APDCAT) published a guidance entitled \"Privacy by design and privacy by default: A guide for developers\", aiming to help developers of new ICT apps and services, which include personal data processing to comply with statutory privacy protection requirements. In particular, the guide addresses the roles in data protection by design and by default and sets out how organisations and institutions that process personal data can effectively me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "Data Protection Agency guide on Data Spaces compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-publica-guia-para-ayudar-empresas-y-aapp-cumplir-rgpd", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Agency published a guide on Data Spaces compliance with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The guide outlines information on the regulatory framework affecting data spaces and future developments and focuses on data protection by design requirements and the role of data protection officers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 July 2023", "title": "Royal Decree establishing Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sandbox Proposal to test requirements under the EU AI Act", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/ca-es/comunicacion/Pagines/entorno-controlado-de-pruebas-sandbox-del-Reglamento-Europeo-de-Inteligencia-Artificial.aspx", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the Council of Ministers approved a Royal Decree, allowing the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation to launch a call for companies to join the controlled testing environment, or sandbox, under the European Regulation of Artificial Intelligence. In collaboration with the European Commission, the Government of Spain is initiating the first sandbox to assess requirements for high-risk AI systems in the proposed European AI regulation. The testing environmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 October 2023", "title": "Initiative on Promoting Digital Transformation and Cybersecurity of the Media", "url": "https://portal.mineco.gob.es/ca-es/comunicacion/Pagines/20230913_gobierno_lanza_consulta_Digitalizacion_medios_informacion.aspx", "description": "On 14 October 2023, the Spanish government closed its public consultation on promoting the digital transformation and cybersecurity of the media. The purpose of this consultation was to understand the digital and cybersecurity needs of the written and digital press. It aimed to find out the appropriate digital solutions and technologies for the sector, determine the proper investment plans for such technologies, and measure the sector’s cybersecurity and cyber resilience. This initiative is a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 October 2023", "title": "AEDP Investigation against Ramona Films for alleged breach of Age Verification Requirement", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00308-2023.pdf", "description": "On 29 October 2023, the Spanish Data Protection Agency issued a ruling against RAMONA FILMS S.L. for failing to implement adequate age verification measures on its websites. The company was found to have allowed users to access content by simply clicking a button to confirm they were over 18 without any further checks. The authority imposed a series of fines totalling 232'000 euros and ordered the company to implement appropriate security measures within one month.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2022", "title": "AEPD Investigation into Techpump Solutions for GDPR and LSSI Violations", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00555-2021.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2022, the Spanish data protection authority ('AEPD') imposed a fine of EUR 525'000 on Techpump Solutions S.L., for multiple violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Law No. 34/2002, on Information Society Services and Electronic Commerce ('LSSI'). The AEPD found that Techpump Solutions, owner of various internet domains containing adult content, had failed to comply with data protection regulations, including the unlawful processing of personal data, insuf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "Ministry for Digital Transformation and Public Services Decision designating National Markets and Competition Commission as Spanish digital services coordinator under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.cnmc.es/prensa/coordinador-servicios-digitales-20240124", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Spanish Ministry for Digital Transformation and Public Services adopted a decision to appoint the Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) as the national Digital Services Coordinator (DSC). The CNMC will be responsible for supervising the application of the Digital Services Act (DSA). The CNMC has the responsibility of supervising, investigating and potentially sanctioning service providers established in Spain that fall within the scope of the DSA. ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 February 2026", "title": "Data Protection Agency investigation into Tools for Humanity Corporation and Worldcoin's data processing activities compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-emite-advertencia-empresa-proyecto-world-reinicio-actividad", "description": "On 16 February 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued a warning to Tools for Humanity regarding planned Orb-related processing operations in Spain. The company had informed the AEPD that it acts as sole data controller, that operations would relaunch in Barcelona in February 2026, that a new subscription-based rewards model would replace token-based rewards, and that the Worldcoin Foundation is no longer involved in processing due to anonymised multi-party computation. After r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 July 2024", "title": "AEPD Guidelines for Processing Incorporating Wi-Fi Tracking Technologies", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/autoridades-de-control-proteccion-datos-publican-orientaciones-tratamientos-tecnologias-seguimiento-wifi", "description": "On 7 May 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published the Guidelines for Processing Incorporating Wi-Fi Tracking Technologies. The Guidelines provide an analysis of the technology's implications, highlight key risks, and offer a set of recommendations for responsible usage in compliance with data protection regulations. Wi-Fi tracking technology enables the identification and tracking of mobile devices through Wi-Fi signals, facilitating the detection of device presence in specif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 May 2024", "title": "AEDP investigation into Motorsport Network Espana concerning cookie practices", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00507-2023.pdf", "description": "On 14 May 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued its ruling in the investigation into Motorsport Network. The AEPD noted that Motorsport Network's website required users to either accept cookies for free access or subscribe for a fee to use the website without cookies. During the investigation, the AEPD determined that upon initial website access, Motorsport Network deployed non-technical cookies without user consent, a practice that requires explicit approval under the ePriv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "AEPD investigation into Meta's electoral functionalities Election Day Information and Voter Information Unit", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-ordena-medida-cautelar-que-impide-a-meta-implementar-funcionalidades-electorales", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued a precautionary measure against Meta Platforms, mandating the immediate suspension of the Election Day Information (EDI) and Voter Information Unit (VIU) functionalities in Spain ahead of the European Parliament elections. This decision was made to prevent the planned collection and processing of personal data, which the AEPD identified as potentially violating the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) principles of legality...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "AEPD Report on addictive patterns in the processing of personal data", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-agencia-presenta-informe-sobre-influencia-patrones-adictivos-en-internet", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) issued a Report on addictive patterns in the processing of personal data. The Report analyses platforms' uses of deceptive and addictive design patterns such as social engineering, and interface interference to increase user engagement and data collection. The Report establishes a three-tiered categorisation of deceptive patterns, providing examples of their respective uses. Finally, the Report emphasises the implications for data pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "National Commission for Markets and Competition order on on self and co-regulation systems for age-based content ratings", "url": "https://www.cnmc.es/consultas-publicas/audiovisual/calificacion-edades-contenidos", "description": "On 28 November 2025, the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC) opened a consultation on draft Co-Regulation Agreement for rating of audiovisual programmes and content. The agreement sets a framework for applying the Code of Conduct for classifying audiovisual programmes and content, including a descriptor system. It involves the CNMC, the Ministry for Digital Transformation and Public Administration, audiovisual service providers, relevant user associations, and social organi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 October 2024", "title": "AEPD technical note on LIINE4DU 1.0 methodology for threat modelling for privacy and data protection", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/guias/nota-tecnica-introduccion-a-liine4du-1-0.pdf", "description": "On 24 October 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) adopted a technical note on LIINE4DU 1.0 methodology for threat modelling for privacy and data protection. The note seeks to aid organisations within the European Union in managing privacy risks while ensuring compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation. The note focuses on legitimate data processing and provides tools to assess and mitigate risks to data subjects' rights and freedoms. The methodology covers threat categ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2024", "title": "AEPD Outline on Blockchain and the Right of Deletion", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/la-aepd-publica-una-nota-tecnica-en-relacion-con-blockchain-y", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published a technical note demonstrating the feasibility of constructing Blockchain infrastructures that comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The note outlines the fundamentals of Blockchain infrastructures, clarifies data protection concepts within this technology, and analyses real application cases. It proposes policies, including organisational and technical measures, to implement the right of deletion in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 April 2024", "title": "Act requiring transparency on use of AI in legal services (Organic Law 5/2024 on the Right of Defense)", "url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2024-23630", "description": "On 4 December 2024, the Act requiring transparency on the use of AI in legal services (Organic Law 5/2024 on the Right of Defense) enters into force. The Act establishes comprehensive regulations on the right of defence as a fundamental legal protection under Article 24 of the Spanish Constitution. It requires disclosure on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital platforms related to legal services and mandates public access to information on how AI systems make recommendations or ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "AEPD code of conduct for resolution of data protection disputes in electronic communications sector", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/codigo-conducta-telecos-cc-0001-2024.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the code of conduct for regulating data protection disputes in the electronic communications sector adopted by the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) enters into force. The code introduces a mediation procedure for resolving disputes between citizens and member entities, covering issues such as data processing without legitimacy, unmet rights, improper credit system insertion, and fraudulent contracting. The procedure, supervised by the Advertising Jury of the Associat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Extended Collective Licensing for the use of copyrighted works in Artificial Intelligence training", "url": "https://www.cultura.gob.es/en/servicios-al-ciudadano/informacion-publica/audiencia-informacion-publica/cerrados/2024/concesion-licencias-colectivas.html", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Ministry of Culture closes its consultation on a draft Royal Decree to introduce Extended Collective Licensing (ECL) for the use of copyrighted works in Artificial Intelligence training. The proposal, based on Article 12 of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market (DSM Directive), would allow collective management organisations to grant non-exclusive licences for works whose rightholders have not individually authorised thei...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 April 2025", "title": "Data Protection Agency investigation into Spanish Tax Agency, Camerdata S.A. and Chamber of Commerce over alleged misuse of self-employed workers' personal data (Case No.: EXP202404644)", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00149-2024.pdf", "description": "On 14 April 2025, Spain's Data Protection Agency issued a final ruling imposing EUR 1.8 million in fines against Informa D&B, a commercial data broker, over alleged misuse of self-employed workers’ personal data. The data flow begins with the Spanish Tax Agency providing personal information of self-employed workers to Chambers of Commerce for legitimate public purposes, including census creation, then moves to Camerdata, a company owned by the Chamber of Commerce, and finally reaches Informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 November 2025", "title": "Code of Conduct for the age rating of audiovisual programs and content", "url": "https://www.cnmc.es/consultas-publicas/audiovisual/calificacion-edades-contenidos", "description": "On 28 November 2025, the National Commission for Markets and Competition closes the consultation on the draft Code of Conduct for the age rating of audiovisual programs and content. It replaces the previous self-regulation code from 2004 and its subsequent updates, creating a unified framework for age ratings, content descriptors, and viewer protection, particularly for minors. The draft Code applies to signatory audiovisual service providers, including television and video-on-demand services...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 November 2025", "title": "Encryption Guide for Self-Employed Workers and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/guias/guia-cifrado-autonomos-pymes.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) released the Encryption Guide for Self-Employed Workers and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), providing self-employed professionals and SMEs with a practical approach to implementing secure and appropriate encryption measures for a number of relevant scenarios. The Guide explains the purpose of encryption and sets out practical measures in a number of scenarios, such as email transmission, cloud storage and device protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning unfair competition as a result of data protection violations (Europa Press and others v Meta Platforms Ireland Limited / Ordinary Procedure 109/2024)", "url": "https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/v2/D4D1FAQHsBtSNVAmBRg/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/B4DZqhJ6X8HwAY-/0/1763640330705?e=1764806400&v=beta&t=LHSjzjA1xqG0KemYMPxvmB1umsFQrQyxaWeLpVzKe18", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the Commercial Court No. 15 of Madrid issued ruling No. 98/2025 in the case Europa Press and others v Meta Platforms Ireland (Ordinary Procedure 109/2024), partially upholding a claim brought by 87 Spanish media companies against Meta for unfair competition under Article 15.1 of the Unfair Competition Act (LCD). The court found that Meta had unlawfully processed the personal data of Facebook and Instagram users in Spain for behavioural advertising purposes between 25 May ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Investigation into Meta over allegations that it tracked Android users' web activity and linked it to Facebook and Instagram identities", "url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/presidente/news/Paginas/2025/20251119-metafuture-4th-edition.aspx", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the Prime Minister announced an investigation into Meta following findings by research centres in Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands that the company allegedly used a hidden mechanism to track the web activity of Android users and link it to their Facebook and Instagram identities. The alleged practice may be in breach of the General Data Protection Regulation, the ePrivacy Directive, the Digital Markets Act, and the Digital Services Act. The Prime Minister noted that Me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 November 2025", "title": "Package of measures to address threats in digital space, including disinformation and child protection", "url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/presidente/news/Paginas/2025/20251119-metafuture-4th-edition.aspx", "description": "On 19 November 2025, the Prime Minister of Spain announced a package of measures to address threats in the digital space. The package focuses on online platforms and covers four areas, including disinformation, child protection, hate speech and social polarisation, and privacy. The package aims to implement the Prime Minister's proposals at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting of 2025. The proposal highlighted verifying identities through the European Digital Identity Wallet, mandating e...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "User recommendations regarding TikTok's international data transfers", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/recomendaciones-usuarios-trasnferencias-tiktok", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Spanish Data Protection Agency issued user recommendations stating that TikTok continues to transfer European users’ personal data to third countries, including China, despite prior findings by European data protection authorities that such transfers do not comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Agency noted that an Irish court temporarily lifted the suspension on these transfers pending a final ruling, but only subject to TikTok meeting strict...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 March 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in proposed legislative package for digital platforms", "url": "https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/presidente/actividades/paginas/2026/030226-sanchez-cumbre-gobiernos-dubai.aspx", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the President of the Government announced a package of five measures aimed at digital platforms. The announced measures include a proposed legislative reform to hold platform managers legally responsible where illegal or hateful content is not removed. Under the reform, algorithmic manipulation and the amplification of illegal content would also be classified as a criminal offence. Further, the President of the Government announced the creation of a tracking, quantificatio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data Protection Agency investigation into Yoti over alleged infringements of data protection regulations (EXP202317887)", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/documento/ps-00164-2025.pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) fined Yoti EUR 950’000 following an investigation into its role as an intermediary in identity and age-verification processes. The fine includes EUR 500’000 for processing special category biometric data without a valid exemption under Article 9 of the GDPR, EUR 200’000 for obtaining consent for research and analytics through pre-ticked boxes in breach of Article 7, and EUR 250,000 for retaining data, including biometric and geolocat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Catalonia Office of Ethical and Responsible AI", "url": "https://www.govern.cat/salapremsa/280033/catalunya-pionera-impuls-ia-etica-innovadora-d-acord-nova-legislacio-europea", "description": "AI law in Spain: The Catalonia Office of Ethical and Responsible AI, embodied by the OEIAC, promotes ethical AI development and deployment through research, guidelines, and self-assessment tools, aligning with the Catalonia.AI Strategy and EU regulations....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Spanish Digital Rights Charter (Carta de Derechos Digitales)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-puts-forward-declaration-digital-rights-and-principles-everyone-eu", "description": "AI law in Spain: The Spanish Digital Rights Charter (Carta de Derechos Digitales) is a non‑normative government policy document adopted on 14 July 2021 that sets out principles and rights to guide public policy and future legislation to protect fundamental rights in digital environments. It maps existing constitutional and international rights into the digital sphere (identity, privacy, nondiscrimination, AI oversight, digital inclusion, access, and cybersecurity) and functions as a reference framework for Spanish public authorities and stakeholders....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Order TDF/304/2025 (27 March 2025) modifying Order ETD/1180/2022 on Cátedras ENIA (modification of bases for AI university–industry chairs)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/241/oj", "description": "AI law in Spain: Order TDF/304/2025 (27 March 2025) amends Order ETD/1180/2022 (Cátedras ENIA) to adapt financing, execution and justification rules of AI university–industry chairs funded under Spain's Recovery and Resilience Plan. Key changes enable more flexible budget reallocation (including >20% moves subject to prior authorization), permit certain salary top-ups for university research staff, clarify payment and justification timing linked to RRF milestone CID 253, and define negative silence for modification requests. The Order entered into force on 30 March 2025 and is published in the BOE....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 February 2026", "title": "Caso No. 0000140/2025-00", "url": "/documents/1538/1771188875411.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the TSJ Gran Canaria (Spain). Fabricated: Legal Norm | Referencia a una supuesta \"Guía de buenas prácticas en la intervención con menores víctimas, 2018\" atribuida al CGPJ: no existe constancia de tal guía ni de los datos de publicación alegados. Outcome: Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "TSJ Gran Canaria (Spain)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "420 EUR", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Sentencia 000126/2025", "url": "/documents/1365/sentencia-recurso-140-25-seudonimizada-3.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the TSJ Gran Canaria. False Quotes: Case Law | Cita atribuida a la STS 494/2020 (08-10-2020) con pasajes sobre la idoneidad de explicar la tardanza en la denuncia por trauma; la Sala comprobó que la STS 494/2020 trata del tráfico de drogas y no contiene esos pasajes.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "TSJ Gran Canaria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 October 2025", "title": "SAP A 1558/2025 - ECLI:ES:APA:2025:1558", "url": "/documents/1644/SAP_A_1558_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the AP Alicante. False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's brief quoted paragraphs allegedly from STS 450/2025 that do not appear in that decision Outcome: Bar referral.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "AP Alicante", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "9 September 2024", "title": "Anonymous Spanish Lawyer", "url": "https://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/NotasDePrensaDocumentos/NP_2024_090/NOTA%20INFORMATIVA%20N%C2%BA%2090-2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Tribunal Constitucional. Outcome: Formal Reprimand (Apercibimiento) + Referral to Barcelona Bar for Disciplinary Action.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Tribunal Constitucional", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Formal Reprimand (Apercibimiento) + Referral to Barcelona Bar for Disciplinary Action", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "ATSJ NA 38/2024", "url": "/documents/1041/ATSJ_NA_38_2024.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used CHATGPT 3 in proceedings before the TSJ Navarra. Fabricated: Legal Norm | Inclusion in the complaint of a quoted statutory provision 'artículo 454B del Código Penal' attributed to the Spanish Supreme Court; the Sala found the provision does not exist in Spanish law and corresponds to the Penal Code of Colombia, and traced the source to use of C...", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "TSJ Navarra", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CHATGPT 3", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Caso No. 0000140/2025-00", "url": "/documents/1538/1771188875411.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Referencia a una supuesta \"Guía de buenas prácticas en la intervención con menores víctimas, 2018\" atribuida al CGPJ: no existe constancia de tal guía ni de los datos de publicación alegados. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cita atribuida y textual a la STS 494/2020 que no contiene las palabras atribuidas en el recurso; la sentencia existe pero no incluye el pasaje citado. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cita atribuida a la STS 104/2019 que no existe en el texto de la sentencia (la STS 104/2019 trata del 'caso Caronte' y no de la credibilidad de la víctima). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Numerosas sentencias citadas con número/fecha que no coinciden o que, aunque existen, versan sobre temas distintos al alegado (ej.: STS 282/2019, STS 387/2022, STS 845/2016 entre otras). || Fabricated: Case Law | Cita inexistente o numeración que no corresponde a una sentencia con el contenido alegado (p. ej. STS 798/2022 citada con doctrina sobre destrucción de pruebas, cita inexistente en la base de datos). || Fabricated: Other | Resumen del hallazgo del informe documental: 48 de 52 citas generadas por herramienta de IA y ninguna de las notas textuales reproducidas aparece en las sentencias invocadas.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "TSJ Gran Canaria (Spain)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "420 EUR", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Sentencia 000126/2025", "url": "/documents/1365/sentencia-recurso-140-25-seudonimizada-3.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Cita atribuida a la STS 494/2020 (08-10-2020) con pasajes sobre la idoneidad de explicar la tardanza en la denuncia por trauma; la Sala comprobó que la STS 494/2020 trata del tráfico de drogas y no contiene esos pasajes. || False Quotes: Case Law | Pasaje entrecomillado atribuido a la STS 104/2019 (26-02-2019) que la Sala no halló en las bases de datos; se trata de una cita textual apócrifa atribuida al Tribunal Supremo. || Fabricated: Case Law | Listado de numerosas sentencias del Tribunal Supremo (STS 282/2019; STS 387/2022; STS 845/2016; STS 65/2023; STS 798/2022; STS 381/2019; STS 787/2021) que, según la Sala, son invocadas en el recurso con afirmaciones o pasajes que no se constatan en las bases de datos consultadas. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Mención de un 'Informe del Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ) sobre la credibilidad del testimonio infantil, 2019' que la Sala declara inexistente en las bases consultadas. || Misrepresented: Other | El tribunal identifica como práctica reiterada la inclusión de citas y extractos no verificables en el escrito de la acusación particular y lo atribuye a la confianza del letrado en lo que 'el algoritmo le propuso', calificando la conducta de negligente.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "TSJ Gran Canaria", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "SAP A 1558/2025 - ECLI:ES:APA:2025:1558", "url": "/documents/1644/SAP_A_1558_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's brief quoted paragraphs allegedly from STS 450/2025 that do not appear in that decision", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "AP Alicante", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-09-04", "title": "ATSJ NA 38/2024", "url": "/documents/1041/ATSJ_NA_38_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Inclusion in the complaint of a quoted statutory provision 'artículo 454B del Código Penal' attributed to the Spanish Supreme Court; the Sala found the provision does not exist in Spanish law and corresponds to the Penal Code of Colombia, and traced the source to use of ChatGPT 3.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "TSJ Navarra", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "CHATGPT 3", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Data Protection Agency published information note analysing risks arising from using third-party images in artificial intelligence systems", "url": "https://www.aepd.es/guias/guia-aepd-uso-de-imagenes-de-terceros-en-sistemas-ia.pdf", "description": "On 13 January 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published an information note analysing the data protection implications of using third parties’ images in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The note applies to AI providers, platforms, and users that upload, generate, modify, or disseminate images or videos of identifiable persons. It highlights visible risks, including sexualisation and synthetic intimate content, attribution of false events with reputational effects, decontextu", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 March 2025", "title": "Preliminary Draft Law for the proper use and governance of Artificial Intelligence, for the purposes set forth in Article 26.4 of Law 50/1997 was approved by Council of Ministers", "url": "https://avance.digital.gob.es/en-us/participacion/paginas/detalleparticipacionpublica.aspx?k=468", "description": "On 11 March 2025, the Council of Ministers approved the Preliminary Draft Law for the proper use and governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI), for the purposes set forth in Article 26.4 of Law 50/1997, aligning Spanish legislation with the European AI regulation to ensure ethical, inclusive, and beneficial AI use. The draft law introduces a digital right to withdraw AI systems that cause serious incidents and mandates clear labelling of AI-generated content. Oversight responsibilities are assi", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Caso No. 0000140/2025-00", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1538/1771188875411.pdf", "date": "10 February 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Sentencia 000126/2025", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1365/sentencia-recurso-140-25-seudonimizada-3.pdf", "date": "31 December 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "SAP A 1558/2025 - ECLI:ES:APA:2025:1558", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1644/SAP_A_1558_2025.pdf", "date": "8 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "ATSJ NA 38/2024", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1041/ATSJ_NA_38_2024.pdf", "date": "4 September 2024", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 83, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "724" }, { "id": "VN", "title": "Vietnam", "entries": [ { "title": "Law on Personal Data Protection including data protection regulation enters into force", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214590&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 January 2031, the Law on Personal Data Protection enters into force. Under Article 41 of the "Implementing Regulations of the Law on Personal Data Protection" (adopted 31 December 2025), small businesses have until 5 years from the effective date of the Law on Personal Data Protection to appoint dedicated data protection personnel and conduct impact assessments. This exemption does not apply if they provide data processing services, directly handle sensitive data, or process th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "Withholding tax in Vietnam Law on Tax Administration", "url": "http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=201402", "description": "On 1 July 2020, the Law on Tax Administration (38/2019/QH14) entered into force. The law delegates the Minister of Finance and the State Bank of Vietnam to establish a mechanism for supervision of cross-border payments in e-commerce, digital trade, and other services with organisations and individuals in Vietnam.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-20", "title": "Decree on Electronic Identification and Authentication", "url": "http://bocongan.gov.vn/KND/vb/vbqp/Lists/GioiThieuVanBan/Attachments/810/Ngh%E1%BB%8B%20%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh%20s%E1%BB%91%2059.2022.pdf", "description": "On 20 October 2022, Decree 59/2022/ND-CP on Electronic Identification and Authentication came into force. The objective of the Decree is to provide a legal basis for the use of electronic forms of authentication and identification in electronic transactions, by specifying the rights and obligations of users and the responsibilities of agencies and organizations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-07", "title": "Data governance requirements in decree on data protection", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=207408&classid=509", "description": "On 1 July 2023, the Vietnamese Decree on Personal Data Protection entered into force. The Decree aims to establish a comprehensive data protection regulation. In particular, Chapter 1 of the Decree provides definitions such as \"personal data\" and \"sensitive personal data\" and sets out the basic principles of personal data protection. Chapter 2 outlines the rights of data subjects, including the right to information, right to consent, right of access, right to consent withdrawal, right to dele...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-08", "title": "National Cybersecurity and Safety Strategy 2025-2030", "url": "https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Cong-nghe-thong-tin/Quyet-dinh-964-QD-TTg-2022-phe-duyet-Chien-luoc-An-toan-An-ninh-mang-quoc-gia-den-2025-525540.aspx", "description": "On 10 August 2022, the National Cybersecurity and Safety Strategy to 2025 Decision (964/QD-TTg) with a vision for 2030 is implemented after the signature of the Vietnamese Prime Minister. The Strategy aim is to develop cybersecurity policies and laws, improve the storage and processing of personal data, protect cyberinfrastructure and build cybersecurity capacity. Furthermore, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) will establish a hotline for the public to process cybercrime information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-02", "title": "Personal Data Protection Resolution (13/NQ-CP)", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=207408&classid=509", "description": "On 7 February 2023, the Prime Minister of Vietnam signed \"Resolution No. 13/NQ-CP of the Government: Approving the Dossier to develop the Personal Data Protection Decree\" which entered into force on the day of its signing. The Resolution approves the draft content of the Personal Data Protection Decree. Notably, the Decree lists the cases where personal data may be processed without the data subject's consent, such as for the protection of the life and health of the data subject in an emergen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-10", "title": "Ministry of Information and Communications investigation into TikTok regarding compliance with online content moderation regulation", "url": "https://english.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/160386/Bo-Thong-tin-va-Truyen-thong-hop-bao-thuong-ky.html", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Ministry of Information and Communications announced the main findings of the joint investigation conducted by several Ministries and public institutions into TikTok’s operations in Vietnam. In particular, the Ministry stated that the platform's content censorship process is not effective, allowing online content that violates national laws. In addition, TikTok failed to detect and remove inappropriate images and information harmful to children. The platform has also fa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Design requirements in Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-da-bieu-quyet-thong-qua-luat-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so-197250614115759897.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Digital Technology Industry enters into force. The law sets out quality management principles and introduces a conformity assessment framework. The Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) will issue ethical guidelines for the development, deployment, and application of artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, digital technology products generated by AI must be clearly labelled in a machine-readable format to ensure they can be identified as artificial...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-da-bieu-quyet-thong-qua-luat-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so-197250614115759897.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Digital Technology Industry enters into force with a grace period. The law establishes the National Committee for the Promotion of the Digital Technology Industry as the organisation responsible for directing and coordinating the resolution of matters related to cooperation, investment, and the implementation of projects and programmes to promote the development of the digital technology industry. The law designates the Ministry of Information and Communications ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Data protection regulation in Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-da-bieu-quyet-thong-qua-luat-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so-197250614115759897.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Digital Technology Industry enters into force. The law differentiates between digital data input and output. Input digital data is collected, processed, and used directly to support the production activities and provision of digital technology services. Digital data output is generated during the activities of the digital technology industry. Input digital data must be non-personal data or data that has undergone de-personalisation or personal data compliant with...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-da-bieu-quyet-thong-qua-luat-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so-197250614115759897.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on the Digital Technology Industry, including cross-border data transfer, enters into force. The law stipulates that the government is responsible for the uniform management of cross-border digital data transfers by sector. Organisations and individuals engaged in the digital technology industry in Vietnam are required to provide information on the aforementioned data transfers, with the exception of intermediaries that perform intermediary digital data activities w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Prohibition of goods and services in Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-da-bieu-quyet-thong-qua-luat-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so-197250614115759897.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Digital Technology Industry Law enters into force. The law prohibits specific uses of AI, including systems that manipulate behaviour without users’ awareness, exploit vulnerabilities, or classify individuals based on inferred characteristics in ways that cause substantial harm. It also bans AI systems that indiscriminately create facial recognition databases, infer emotions in workplaces and educational settings (except for medical or safety purposes), or classify indi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Organisational requirements in Decree No. 55/2024/ND-CP", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=210254", "description": "On 1 July 2024, Decree No. 55/2024/ND-CP, which implements articles of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, including organisational requirements, entered into force. The decree defines large digital platforms as those with over 3 million active user accounts in Vietnam or as large intermediary platforms extensively serving electronic transactions in accordance with electronic transaction law regulations. Should they meet the aforementioned criteria, they are obliged to adhere to the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "title": "National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence until 2030 (Decision No. 127/QD-TTg)", "url": "https://english.mic.gov.vn/vietnam-urged-to-build-legal-corridor-for-ai-industry-197240426165138552.htm", "description": "On 25 April 2024, the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) announced the assignment of the National Digital Transformation Department to develop and complete additional legal documents and establish a testing framework for AI. Furthermore, the MIC has tasked the department with the oversight of the pilot implementation of large language models and virtual assistants, as well as the construction of a benchmark set, which is a strategic tool used to compare the performance of process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-10", "title": "National Standards on Cybersecurity for Critical Information Systems", "url": "https://mps.gov.vn/pbgdpl/van-ban-du-thao/du-thao-tieu-chuan-quoc-gia-ve-an-ninh-mang-doi-voi-he-thong-thong-tin-quan-trong-ve-an-ninh-quoc-gia-478.html#parentHorizontalTab1", "description": "On 6 October 2024, the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) concluded its public consultation on the draft National Standard on Cybersecurity for Critical Information Systems on National Security. The standard is applicable to critical information systems that impact national security, including systems related to the military, diplomatic, financial, and energy sectors. The framework outlines obligatory cybersecurity requirements with the objective of identifying and managing IT risks in these v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212488&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), including cross-border data transfer regulation, entered into force, in accordance with the date specified in Article 45 of the Law. The data law specifies that the core and important data that need to be transferred outside Vietnam must be approved by the appropriate authorities, with the Prime Minister overseeing core data and the Ministry of Public Security handling important data. Before transferring such data, the entity must meet several ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212488&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), including data localisation requirements, entered into force, in accordance with the date specified in Article 45 of the Law. This requirement mandates that certain categories of data, identified as core and important, must be stored within Vietnam to ensure national security and privacy. The law also establishes a data localisation requirement by mandating that national and specialised databases, as well as certain sensitive data, must be stor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212488&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), including data protection authority governance, entered into force, in accordance with the date specified in Article 45 of the Law. The law specifies that the Ministry of Public Security is responsible for leading the implementation of the law, managing data protection, and establishing the National Data Centre. Various ministries are responsible for supporting these activities. The National Data Center is managed by the Ministry of Public Secu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-07", "title": "Notice of submission of Personal Data Processing Impact Assessment Profile (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05)", "url": "https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-tthc-quyet-dinh-cong-bo-chi-tiet.html?ma_quyet_dinh=76655", "description": "On 4 July 2023, the Ministry of Public Security enacted the notification procedure for the submission of Personal Data Processing Impact Assessment Profiles (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05). This decision requires organisations and individuals to adhere to a specified procedure for the assessment of the impact of personal data processing. The process entails accessing the National Portal for the Protection of Personal Data, providing the required information in accordance with the Ministry of P...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-07", "title": "Notice of content change Assessment of the impact of transferring personal data abroad (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05)", "url": "https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-tthc-quyet-dinh-cong-bo-chi-tiet.html?ma_quyet_dinh=76655", "description": "On 4 July 2023, the Ministry of Public Security implemented the notification procedure for the content change Assessment of the impact of transferring personal data abroad (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05). This decision establishes a structured procedure for notifying changes in the assessment of the impact of transferring personal data abroad. The process comprises four principal stages: firstly, accessing the National Portal; secondly, providing the requisite information as instructed; thirdl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Law on Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214590&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Law on Personal Data Protection enters into force. The Law requires organisations to implement suitable technical and organisational measures to safeguard personal data against unauthorised access, disclosure or misuse (Articles 3, 14, 16, 18, 27). This encompasses the establishment of a dedicated data protection officer or department to provide oversight (Article 33), although small and medium-sized enterprises and startups may be temporarily exempt. In the event of a ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Import licensing requirement in Cybersecurity Law", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-an-ninh-mang/250714085609949149", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Cybersecurity Law, including import license requirements, enters into force. The law requires organisations importing cybersecurity products to obtain certification and declare conformity with technical regulations before importation. In addition, it also focuses on securing import licences from the relevant authorities. Such licences would be granted provided the organisation is already licensed to trade in cybersecurity products, the products comply with applicable custo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Cybersecurity Law", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-an-ninh-mang/250714085609949149", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Cybersecurity law, including content moderation regulation, enters into force. The law requires organisations managing information systems to monitor, detect, and remedy information conflicts on the network. Measures include the identification of the sources of such conflicts on the network and the exclusion of illegal activities on the internet that seriously affect national defence and security, social order, and safety of domestic and foreign organisations and individu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Government access to data in Cybersecurity Law", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-an-ninh-mang/250714085609949149", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Cybersecurity Law, including government access to data provisions, enters into force The law requires both foreign and domestic enterprises to provide user information to the Ministry of Public Security’s specialised cybersecurity force upon verified request for investigative purposes. Service providers would also be obliged to share relevant information and documents with the authorities while maintaining confidentiality. Additionally, all agencies, organisations, and ind...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Measures regarding prohibited acts in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities operating in the country, excluding AI used solely for defence, security, or cipher purposes. The Law introduces a risk-based classification system for AI systems. High-risk AI systems are those that may cause significant harm to life or health, infringe the legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organisations, or affect public interests or national security. Me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Data protection regulation in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force, making data protection obligations enforceable. Article 7(3) prohibits any collection, processing, or use of data for artificial intelligence systems that violates data protection, intellectual property, or cybersecurity laws. Article 8(3) requires secure disclosure, connection, and sharing of data on the one-stop electronic portal on artificial intelligence and the national database on artificial intelligence systems, wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force, establishing cybersecurity-related obligations for organisations and individuals participating in artificial intelligence activities. When serious incidents occur with AI systems, developers and providers must promptly implement technical measures, including temporary suspension or recall, and notify competent authorities. Deployers and users are required to record incidents, report them in a timely manner, and assist in r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Conformity assessment requirement for high-risk AI systems in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law requires high-risk AI systems to undergo conformity assessment before use and whenever significant changes occur. Systems must also comply with relevant standards or technical regulations. Conformity assessment confirms that a system meets the requirements of Articles 13 and 14 and is conducted either by registered or recognised conformity assessment organizations for listed high-risk systems, or by self-assessment...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Performance monitoring requirements in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. Under Article 14, providers of high-risk systems must implement and maintain risk management measures, ensure the quality of training, testing, and operational data, and maintain technical dossiers and activity logs to support conformity assessment and post-use inspection. Systems must be designed to allow human supervision and intervention. Article 14 further requires deployers of high-risk systems to operate and supervis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Testing requirements for AI systems in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law introduces a risk-based classification of AI systems into high, medium, and low-risk categories. Articles 8 and 21 establish a framework for AI testing and experimentation. The Government is required to establish an AI portal to serve as a digital platform for registering participation in controlled experimentation, receiving classification notifications, incident and periodic reports, and publicly disclosing infor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Registration requirement in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law establishes a risk-based classification framework for AI systems, distinguishing between high-, medium-, and low-risk systems based on their potential impacts. High-risk AI systems are those that may cause significant harm to life or health, infringe legitimate rights and interests, or affect public interests or national security. Medium-risk systems are those that may mislead or manipulate users, particularly wher...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Authorisation of goods or services in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 11 December 2025, the National Assembly of Vietnam adopted the Law on Digital Transformation, which does not retain provisions from earlier drafts that required organisations and individuals to obtain conformity certification, declare conformity, or apply conformity marks before introducing products, goods, processes, or services serving digital transformation or connecting to information systems of state agencies. The adopted Law on Digital Transformation contains no Article 63 and no equ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Competition authority governance in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 11 December 2025, the National Assembly of Vietnam adopted the Law on Digital Transformation. The adopted Law does not include provisions from earlier drafts that assigned the national competition authority responsibility for monitoring, evaluating, and handling violations by digital platforms holding a dominant market position under Article 40(1). These powers included monitoring abuse of dominant or monopolistic positions in digital services, data processing, goods distribution, and serv...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Government access to data in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Law on Digital Transformation enters into force. The Law establishes the obligation of organisations to coordinate with state agencies in verifying and sharing data and fulfilling obligations serving digital transformation as prescribed by law. Article 30(2) requires organisations to provide data to the Digital Transformation Implementation Statistics, Measurement, Monitoring, and Evaluation Platform for state management purposes. Article 39(3) requires organisations and b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Testing requirement in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Law on Digital Transformation enters into force. The Law includes testing-related provisions applicable to organisations participating in digital transformation. Article 4(6) establishes activities to research, test, pilot, evaluate, and deploy digital technology products and services and new digital transformation models, including controlled testing. Article 4(11) confirms pilot development through building and test-operating digital systems, digital platforms, and digit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Performance monitoring requirements in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "The Law on Digital Transformation includes performance monitoring requirements applicable to organisations operating digital systems and digital platforms. Article 4(1) confirms obligations to manage, measure, monitor, and audit digital transformation activities and to evaluate effectiveness. Article 8(5) establishes requirements for operational readiness and backup, and failover plans to ensure the uninterrupted operation of digital systems and digital services. Article 8(6) outlines obligat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Fair marketing and advertising practices in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Law on Digital Transformation enters into force. The Law sets out rules regarding marketing and advertising conduct for organisations operating digital systems and platforms. Article 38(1) requires the public and transparent disclosure of codes of conduct, terms and conditions of use, complaint handling mechanisms, and policies for protecting user rights. Article 41(5) guarantees users the right to complete, clear, accurate, transparent, and timely information on terms and...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-12", "title": "Content moderation regulation in amended Press Law", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-bao-chi-sua-doi/250923093812009369", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the National Assembly adopted the amended Press Law, which includes content moderation regulations. The Law restricts content that opposes the State, distorts party or state policies, causes social division, incites hatred or discrimination, or undermines national unity or international solidarity. It also limits content that incites war, distorts history, damages Vietnam’s reputation, or affects diplomatic relations. In addition, the Law prohibits promoting superstition ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-12", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in amended Press Law", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-bao-chi-sua-doi/250923093812009369", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the amended Press Law, including cybersecurity regulation, was adopted by the National Assembly. The Law includes rules requiring press agencies operating online to comply with cybersecurity regulations, their approved mandates, and Vietnam’s international treaty obligations. The Law requires the operator of the national digital press platform to ensure the integrity of all published and broadcast content. It also provides that the Government would issue regulations defin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Quality of service requirement in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities operating in the country, excluding AI used solely for defence, security, or cipher purposes. It introduces a risk-based classification of AI systems into high, medium, and low-risk categories, with classification criteria to be set by the Government. The Law establishes quality of service requirements across the AI lifecycle. Article 4 sets out the basic principles govern...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Measures on use of AI in public sector in Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/quoc-hoi-thong-qua-luat-tri-tue-nhan-tao-hoan-thien-hanh-lang-phap-ly-cho-ky-nguyen-so-197251210165544671.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Law on Artificial Intelligence enters into force. The Law applies to Vietnamese and foreign entities operating in the country, excluding AI used solely for defence, security, or cipher purposes. It introduces a risk-based classification system for AI, categorising AI systems as high, medium, or low risk, with detailed classification criteria to be determined by the Government. The Law addresses public procurement, ethical obligations, and the use of AI in the public secto...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Data protection regulation provisions in Implementing Regulations of Law on Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://luatvietnam.vn/thong-tin/nghi-dinh-356-2025-nd-cp-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-luat-bao-ve-du-lieu-ca-nhan-422896-d1.html", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Implementing Regulations of the Law on Personal Data Protection including data protection regulation entered into force. The Implementing Regulations further specify the regulatory requirements established by the framework of the Law on Personal Data Protection. Articles 3 and 4 specify the distinction between basic personal data and sensitive personal data, with the latter requiring stricter security and confidentiality. Article 5 sets out the procedures for data contr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-15", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Government Decree No. 342/2025/ND-CP detailing certain provisions of the Law on Advertising", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216403&classid=1&orggroupid=2", "description": "On 15 February 2026, Government Decree No. 342/2025/ND-CP enters into force, detailing certain provisions of the Law on Advertising. Article 18 establishes obligations to prevent and remove illegal online advertising content. Advertisers and advertising service providers participating in online advertising activities must prevent or remove advertisements that violate the law within 24 hours of receiving a written or electronic request from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism or anothe...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Decision promulgating List of High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Systems", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/du-thao-vbqppl/du-thao-quyet-dinh-cua-thu-tuong-chinh-phu-ban-hanh-danh-muc-he-thong-tri-tue-nhan-tao-co-rui-ro-7741", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened consultation on the draft Decision promulgating the List of High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Systems. The proposal establishes the principles and criteria for identifying high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems that must undergo conformity certification before being deployed. Concerning human rights, systems used for large-scale classification of individuals are considered high-risk if they affect at least 1'000 individ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidelines for controlled testing in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/du-thao-vbqppl/du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-mot-so-dieu-va-bien-phap-de-to-chuc-huong-dan-thi-hanh-luat-7740", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a consultation on guidelines for controlled testing in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing the Law on Artificial Intelligence. The law implemented by this Decree introduces the controlled testing mechanism to allow organisations to trial AI systems that may not yet comply with current laws, offering exemptions and state support to gather evidence for future regulatory adjustments. The Decree specifies that successful controlled ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidelines concerning AI authority governance in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/du-thao-vbqppl/du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-mot-so-dieu-va-bien-phap-de-to-chuc-huong-dan-thi-hanh-luat-7740", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a consultation on Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing the Law on AI. The Decree mandates risk-based supervision for high-risk AI systems, with the Ministry of Science and Technology providing implementation guidance and publishing oversight reports (Article 15). The law implemented by this Decree institutes a controlled testing mechanism for AI systems. Article 28 specifies that authority to issue testing certificates is based u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidelines concerning business registration requirements in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/du-thao-vbqppl/du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-mot-so-dieu-va-bien-phap-de-to-chuc-huong-dan-thi-hanh-luat-7740", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a consultation on Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing the Law on AI. The Decree mandates that suppliers of high-risk and medium-risk AI systems submit a classification dossier to the Ministry via the one-stop web portal before market circulation (Article 12). For high-risk systems, the dossier requires system identification, an overview description, data information, risk management details, test results, and guiding documents. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-28", "title": "Implementation plan for Artificial Intelligence Law (Decision No. 367/QD-TTg)", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=217086", "description": "Official source record dated 2026-02-28 for Vietnam concerning Implementation plan for Artificial Intelligence Law (Decision No. 367/QD-TTg). See the linked vanban.chinhphu.vn source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2021", "title": "Content moderation requirement in Decree No. 70/2021/ND-CP", "url": "http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&_page=1&mode=detail&document_id=203700", "description": "On 15 September 2021 the Vietnamese government implemented decree No. 70/2021/ND-CP, amending several articles of Decree No. 181/2013/ND-CP (dated 14 November 2013), aiming to regulate online advertisement in Vietnam. The decree includes that if the Ministry of Information and Communications ('MIC') receives a notification about illegal cross-border advertising, the authority may send requests to the advertising providers to handle the issue. These companies have to comply with the request wi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 May 2021", "title": "Protection of minors requirement in Draft Decree amending Decree 72", "url": "http://chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/congdan/DuThaoVanBan?_piref135_27935_135_27927_27927.mode=displayreply&_piref135_27935_135_27927_27927.id=4382", "description": "On 05 September 2021 the Ministry of Information of Communications of Vietnam closed the consultation on the draft decree amending decree No. 72/2013/ND-CP on management, provision and use of internet services and online information. Among others, the new draft provides regulations concerning the protection of minors including age verification, content filter and takedown requirements for social network providers.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 November 2021", "title": "Data governance measure in Draft Decree on Cybersecurity Administrative Sanction", "url": "http://bocongan.gov.vn/van-ban/van-ban-du-thao/du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-xu-phat-vi-pham-hanh-chinh-trong-linh-vuc-an-ninh-mang-275.html#parentHorizontalTab4", "description": "On 18 November 2021 the Ministry of Public Security of Vietnam closed the public consultation for the draft decree on cybersecurity administrative sanction. In total, the draft provides for 17 articles on sanctions for data protection violations. Article 28(2), for example, provides that anyone who buys and sells personal data of 10,000 data subjects will be fined VND 80-100 million. A fine of VND 80-100 million is also imposed on anyone who loses or discloses personal data after cross-border...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 July 2021", "title": "Data governance requirements in telecommunication draft decree", "url": "http://chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/congdan/DuThaoVanBan?_piref135_27935_135_27927_27927.mode=reply&_piref135_27935_135_27927_27927.id=4462", "description": "On 7 October 2021 Vietnam's Ministry of Information and Communications ('MIC') closed the consultation on the telecommunication draft decree. The draft would amend and supplement a number of articles of the Government's Decree No. 25/2011/ND-CP dated 6 April 2011, detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Telecommunications. Among others, the draft provisions provide that stricter management regulations shall be implemented to circumvent incorrect informat...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 September 2021", "title": "Vietnam Code of Conduct to protect children on the cyber environment", "url": "https://english.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/150069/Vietnam-preparing-policies-for-safer-cyber-environment-for-children.html", "description": "On 9 November 2021, the Code of Conduct to protect children in the cyber environment is announced by the Ministry of Information and Technology of Vietnam. The Code introduces different methods to report suspicious actions. Furthermore, awareness about the possible dangers for young people is to be raised. Moreover, the Code introduces regulations for businesses, internet services and online platforms, obliging them to design policies and ethical standards that protect children from the inter...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Data localisation measures in Decree implementing Law on Cybersecurity (Decree no. 53/2022/ND-CP)", "url": "http://img2.caa.gov.vn/2022/08/18/16/07/nghidinh532022ndcp.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2022, decree No. 53/2022/ND-CP went into force. The decree requires foreign enterprises, including social media organizations, telecommunication and eCommerce companies, and online payment intermediaries, to store their users' data locally came. The data includes personal data that can identify a service user in Vietnam, data created by service users in Vietnam including credit card information, registered phone number, and data on the relationship of service users in Vietnam wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Telecommunications Law (No. 24/2023/QH15)", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=209631&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Telecommunications Law (No. 24/2023/QH15) came into force. The legislation stipulates that data centre and cloud computing service providers are obliged to register and notify their services in accordance with the provisions outlined in Article 41. Furthermore, they are required to comply with the regulations pertaining to network information security, cybersecurity, and personal data protection. It is obligatory for them to guarantee connectivity for telecommunications...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 December 2024", "title": "Data protection regulation in Decree 147/2024/ND-CP on the management, provision and use of internet services and online information", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=211654", "description": "On 25 December 2024, Decree 147/2024/ND-CP on the management, provision and use of internet services and online information adopted by the Vietnamese government enters into force. The Decree applies to domestic organisations as well as foreign organisations and individuals directly involved in or related to the management, provision and use of internet services, online information, online gaming and ensuring the security of network information and information security. The Decree outlines dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "Investigation into TikTok regarding data protection of minors", "url": "https://english.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/160386/Bo-Thong-tin-va-Truyen-thong-hop-bao-thuong-ky.html", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Ministry of Information and Communications announced the main findings of the joint investigation conducted by several Ministries and public institutions into TikTok’s operations in Vietnam. In particular, the Minister stated that TikTok has failed to implement measures and tools to ensure the protection of children's confidential information. In addition, the platform fails to send messages warning of privacy risks when children provide or change their personal informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 December 2024", "title": "Ministry of Information and Communications investigation into websites' compliance with regulations protecting copyrighted works and prohibiting gambling", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/thong-tin-dien-tu/bo-thong-tin-va-truyen-thong-cap-nhat-danh-sach-cac-website-co-dau-hieu-vi-pham-phap-luat-nam-2024-de-nghi-khong-phat-hanh-san-pham-quang-cao-/108358", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) of Vietnam updated its \"Black List\", which includes 452 websites. The list includes websites related to digital payment providers, e-commerce platforms, and platforms hosting user-generated content. The blacklisted websites are accused of illegal broadcasting, copyright violation of sports programs, and other legal infringements. This action is in line with the Government's Decree 70/2021/ND-CP dated 20 July 2021, which...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2024", "title": "Authority of Broadcasting and Electronic Information inquiry into implementation of Decree No. 70/2021/ND-CP regulating online advertising", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/thong-tin-dien-tu/mo-rong-ca-blacklist-va-whitelist-de-lanh-manh-thi-truong-quang-cao-truc-tuyen/118471", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Authority of Broadcasting and Electronic Information (ABEI) issued a report including recommendations following an inquiry into the implementation of Decree No. 70/2021/ND-CP regulating online advertising. The inquiry assessed the effectiveness of the Blacklist and Whitelist systems in regulating online content. The Blacklist prevents ads from being placed on websites with legal violations, while the Whitelist encourages advertising on sites with clean content. The ABEI ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "MIC Investigation into FPT Telecom and VTV over alleged illegal betting content promotion", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/phat-thanh-truyen-hinh/phat-fpt-vtv-135-trieu-dong-vi-phat-noi-dung-quang-ba-quang-cao-trang-thong-tin-dien-tu-website-ca-do-bat-hop-phap/118487", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the Vietnamese Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) imposed administrative fines on FPT Telecom and Vietnam Television (VTV) for broadcasting content on their application that promoted and advertised illegal betting websites during a live football match. The match, part of the second qualifying round for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, featured promotional images for websites offering illegal betting services, such as okvip and fun88, accessible to Vietnamese audiences....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 May 2024", "title": "MIC investigation into Netflix for allegedly distributing unauthorised games", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/thong-tin-dien-tu/netflix-dung-quang-cao-va-phat-hanh-game-khong-phep-tai-viet-nam/118506", "description": "On 20 May 2024, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) announced that Netflix had ceased the advertisement and publishing of unlicensed games after the MIC order of 10 April 2024. The MIC demanded that Netflix discontinue the advertising and distribution of unauthorised online video games in the Vietnamese market by 25 April 2024. The order was issued after the MIC determined that Netflix has been offering unlicensed video games to Vietnamese users through its application and on...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2023", "title": "Ministry of Information and Communications's Order 956 establishing a white list for Online Advertising Providers deemed compliant with online advertising laws", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/thong-tin-dien-tu/bo-thong-tin-va-truyen-thong-cong-bo-white-list%E2%80%9D-va-yeu-cau-cac-doanh-nghiep-kinh-doanh-dich-vu-cac-nhan-hang-tuan-thu-phap-luat-ve-quang-cao-tren-mang-/108026", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) in Vietnam issued Order No. 956, which mandates that businesses involved in online advertising adhere to fair marketing and advertising practices. The MIC stated that the directive was introduced in response to the challenges identified with advertisements appearing alongside inappropriate content on digital platforms, including content that is offensive, malicious, or in violation of Vietnamese law as outlined in Decree N...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 February 2024", "title": "Ministry of Justice's Cybersecurity Administrative Sanctions Decree", "url": "https://moj.gov.vn/qt/tintuc/Pages/chi-dao-dieu-hanh.aspx?ItemID=4271", "description": "On 2 May 2024, the Ministry of Justice issued the draft Decree on Cybersecurity Administrative Sanctions. The decree introduces new administrative penalties for violations of cybersecurity regulations, including breaches of personal data. The objective of the decree is to deter improper data handling, unauthorised access, and other cybersecurity breaches by imposing financial penalties, suspension, or revocation of licences. The draft decree stipulates that fines of between VND 10’000’000 and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Performance monitoring requirements in Law on Consumer Protection (No. 19/2023/QH15)", "url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/noi-dung-van-ban-so-19-2023-qh15-39843", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Law on Protection of Consumers’ Rights including performance monitoring requirements for AI, entered into force. The law stipulates that organisations that establish large digital platforms have additional responsibilities. The definition of large digital platforms will be further elaborated by the Government. The platforms are mandated to periodically evaluate the implementation of regulations about the handling of fake accounts, the use of artificial intelligence, and fu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "MIC Official Letter No. 667/BTTTT-VP concerning content removal", "url": "https://mic.gov.vn/bo-thong-tin-va-truyen-thong-tra-loi-kien-nghi-cua-cu-tri-tinh-long-an-gui-toi-sau-ky-hop-thu-4-quoc-hoi-khoa-xv-197157697.htm", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) published Official Letter No. 667/BTTTT-VP. The MIC stated that they intensified the monitoring of online content, with a particular focus on foreign social networks such as Facebook, TikTok, and YouTube. This enhanced monitoring is aimed at identifying violations and addressing them promptly. Furthermore, the establishment of direct functional units with a focus on post-monitoring and online scans has been implemented. The...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Circular No. 12/2022/TT-BTTTT guiding Decree No. 85/2016/ND-CP and replacing Circular No. 03/2017/TT-BTTTT", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=206402", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the Circular No. 12/2022/TT-BTTTT entered into force. This circular provides a comprehensive framework for the management and security of information systems in accordance with Decree No. 85/2016/ND-CP, superseding Circular No. 03/2017/TT-BTTTT. The circular outlines the identification and categorisation of information systems based on their operational purposes, ranging from internal management to public services across various sectors. It also mandates quarterly updates o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 April 2023", "title": "Notice of violation of personal data protection regulations (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05)", "url": "https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-tthc-quyet-dinh-cong-bo-chi-tiet.html?ma_quyet_dinh=76655", "description": "On 4 July 2023, the Ministry of Public Security enacted Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05, which pertains to the notification of violations of personal data protection regulations (Form No. 03). The aforementioned notification must be submitted to the Cyber Security and High-Tech Crime Prevention Department, which is under the authority of the Ministry of Public Security. The document delineates the procedures for organisations and individuals to report infringements of personal data protection re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 April 2023", "title": "Notice of Submission of Impact Assessment Records of Transfer of Personal Data Abroad (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05)", "url": "https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-tthc-quyet-dinh-cong-bo-chi-tiet.html?ma_quyet_dinh=76655", "description": "On 7 July 2023, the Ministry of Public Security implemented the Notice of Submission of Impact Assessment Records of Transfer of Personal Data Abroad (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05), as outlined in Decree No. 13/2023/ND-CP (Article 25), with the specific objective of regulating the transfer of personal data abroad. This notice requires organisations and individuals to submit an impact assessment record to the Department of Cyber Security and Crime Prevention using high technology within 60 day...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 April 2023", "title": "Notice of Changing the Content of Records Assessing the Impact of Processing Personal Data (Decision No. 4660/QD-BCA-A05)", "url": "https://dichvucong.gov.vn/p/home/dvc-tthc-quyet-dinh-cong-bo-chi-tiet.html?ma_quyet_dinh=76655", "description": "On 4 July 2023, the Ministry of Public Security in Vietnam enacted the Notice of Changing the Content of Records Assessing the Impact of Processing Personal Data, under decision number 4660/QD-BCA-A05. This notification procedure introduces a structured set of guidelines for organisations and individuals to follow when notifying changes to the content of their personal data processing impact assessment records. The process entails accessing the National Portal for the Protection of Personal D...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in Decree on sanctions for administrative violations in the field of sponsorship, social assistance, and children (Decree No. 130/2021/ND-CP)", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=204939&classid=1&orggroupid=2", "description": "On 1 January 2022, Decree No. 130/2021/ND-CP, which imposes sanctions for administrative violations in the field of sponsorship, social assistance, and children, entered into force. The regulation thus requires these services to implement comprehensive data protection measures with the objective of safeguarding users' personal information, thereby ensuring the security of children's private information online and requiring the deletion of personal data upon request. Fines are imposed on those...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology guide outlining principles for the research and development of responsible AI systems (Decision No. 1290/QD-BKHCN)", "url": "https://sokhcn.haiphong.gov.vn/quoc-gia-dia-phuong/quyet-dinh-so-1290-qd-bkhcn-ve-viec-huong-dan-mot-so-nguyen-tac-ve-nghien-cuu-phat-trien-cac-he--692957", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the Ministry of Science and Technology issued a guide outlining principles for the research and development of responsible AI systems. The guide establishes voluntary standards and includes 9 principles that entities should follow: cooperation and innovation promotion, transparency, controllability, safety, security, privacy, respect for human rights and dignity, user support, and accountability. Additionally, the guide includes recommendations for their implementation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 October 2024", "title": "MIC investigation into ShopeePay for alleged non-compliance with information security management measures", "url": "https://soc.gov.vn/news/xu-phat-vi-pham-hanh-chinh-oi-voi-cong-ty-co-phan-shopeepay.185/", "description": "On 30 October 2024, the Ministry of Information and Communications of Vietnam (MIC) issued a ruling with a fine of VND 25 million against ShopeePay for failing to evaluate the effectiveness of its information system's management and technical security measures. The ruling noted that ShopeePay complied with various legal requirements on e-commerce security, including implementing security plans and handling personal information. However, ShopeePay failed to evaluate the effectiveness of its in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212488&classid=1&typegroupid=3", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), including its cybersecurity provisions, entered into force, in accordance with the date specified in Article 45 of the Law. The law includes provisions establishing a National Data Centre, which is required to have an infrastructure that can withstand cyberattacks, prevent unauthorised access and ensure data integrity. The law also requires the implementation of security protocols across data storage and transmission, ensuring that data remains...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "Fines for non-compliance with data protection regulations in Decree No. 24/2025/ND-CP", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212837", "description": "On 21 February 2025, Decree No. 24/2025/ND-CP specifying fines for non-compliance with data protection regulations entered into force. Businesses that fail to obtain consumer consent, define responsibilities when outsourcing data processing, or establish and disclose data protection policies may face fines of VND 20-30 million. More serious violations, such as failing to address consumer complaints, failing to report security breaches, or unauthorised data sharing, carry fines of VND 30-40 mi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Decree No. 165/2025/ND-CP detailing a number of articles and measures to implement the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214331", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Vietnamese government Decree No. 165/2025/ND-CP, which provides detailed regulations and measures for implementing the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), entered into force. The Decree defines critical data and core data based on their potential impact on national security, sovereignty, macroeconomic stability, public health, and social order, with core data posing direct threats if misused. It mandates strict protocols for data storage, requiring owners to specify retention per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 March 2025", "title": "Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism procedure for notifying contact information of foreign entities providing cross-border advertising services into Vietnam", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/thu-tuc-hanh-chinh-ttdt/thu-tuc-thong-bao-thong-tin-lien-he-cua-to-chuc-ca-nhan-nuoc-ngoai-kinh-doanh-dich-vu-quang-cao-xuyen-bien-gioi-tai-viet-nam/118689", "description": "On 14 March 2025, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism’s Department of Broadcasting, Television and Electronic Information implemented a notification procedure for foreign organisations and individuals intending to provide cross-border advertising services into Vietnam, pursuant to Decree No. 181/2013/NĐ-CP (as amended by Decree No. 70/2021/NĐ-CP). Entities must notify the Ministry at least 15 days prior to commencing advertising operations and provide details including legal entity na...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2025", "title": "Prime Minister: Decision No. 20/2025/QD-TTg promulgating the list of important data and core data in accordance with Law on Government Organisation (No. 63/2025/QH15) and Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15)", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214354", "description": "On 1 July 2025, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 20/2025/QD-TTg, which delineates the catalogue of important data and core data. The Decision was issued pursuant to the Law on Government Organisation (No. 63/2025/QH15), adopted on 18 February 2025, and the Data Law (No. 60/2024/QH15), adopted on 30 November 2024, aims to classify and manage categories of sensitive and non-public information critical to national interests. Effective immediately, it specifies classification and management...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "Amendment to Press Law proposing revenue-sharing for social networks", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/hoat-dong-su-kien/de-xuat-mang-xa-hoi-khi-dung-noi-dung-cua-bao-chi-phai-chia-se-doanh-thu/118972", "description": "On 23 October 2025, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism announced an amendment to the Press Law proposing revenue-sharing for social networks. The amendment applies to large online platforms and press agencies. They would clarify distinctions between newspapers, magazines, and portals, set publication rules, and introduce a revenue-sharing obligations modelled on international practice. The amendments also explore improved state support, tax incentives for digital subscriptions, and c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 January 2026", "title": "Technology transfer requirements in Law amending and supplementing the Law on Technology Transfer", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-sua-doi-bo-sung-mot-so-dieu-cua-luat-chuyen-giao-cong-nghe/250923104727395852", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the law amending and supplementing the Law on Technology Transfer (No. 07/2017/QH14) enters into force. The definition of technology transfer (Article 2) is amended to describe it as an activity involving the transfer of ownership or the right to use technology for practical application. Article 3 is amended to encourage foreign technology transfer to Vietnam through tax, land, credit, and investment incentives. Article 4 is amended to expand the scope of technology subject t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Unilateral conduct regulation in Law on Digital Transformation, 2025", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Law on Digital Transformation enters into force. The Law imposes obligations on businesses operating digital systems and digital platforms. Article 5(5) prohibits the abuse of position or authority to obstruct, discriminate, create monopolies, establish factions, or otherwise restrict competition within digital systems. Article 9(7) regulates the management and supervision of digital systems and platforms, with particular focus on large-scale and very large-scale intermedi...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 October 2025", "title": "Patent protection regulation in amendment to Law on Intellectual Property", "url": "https://isos.gov.vn/tin-hoat-dong/diem-tin/luat-so-huu-tri-tue-sua-doi-cho-phep-bien-cac-ket-qua-nghien-cuu-thanh-tai-san-mua-ban-43871.html", "description": "On 27 October 2025, the amendment to the Law on Intellectual Property, including patent protection regulation, was introduced to the National Assembly. The amendment enables the patenting of computer programs and algorithms embedded in technical devices, extends the disclosure grace period for industrial designs to six months, and allows state-funded research organisations to register resulting inventions. The amendments introduce financial mechanisms, including the use of patent rights as co...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 May 2025", "title": "Digital Transformation Strategy 2025-2030 (Decision 4220/QD-BVHTTDL)", "url": "https://bvhttdl.mediacdn.vn/document/2025/11/18/qd-4220-1763432228126890206039.pdf", "description": "On 5 November 2025, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism adopted the Digital Transformation Strategy for 2025–2030. During the first phase (2025–2027), the Ministry will further develop the legal framework for specialised data governance, including introducing specific regulations on data ownership and responsibility, standardisation processes, data sharing, and open data. The Ministry will also regulate the commercialisation of digital economy data and publish an official list of open...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity requirement in Implementing Regulations of Law on Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://luatvietnam.vn/thong-tin/nghi-dinh-356-2025-nd-cp-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-luat-bao-ve-du-lieu-ca-nhan-422896-d1.html", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Implementing Regulations of the Law on Personal Data Protection including cybersecurity requirements entered into force. The Implementing Regulations further specify the regulatory requirements established by the framework of the Law on Personal Data Protection. Articles 8 through 12 specify cybersecurity requirements for entities operating in finance, big data, AI, blockchain, and cloud computing. These include encryption, anonymisation, breach notifications, transpare...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "National Competition Commission investigation into Zalo regarding data protection implications of service agreement", "url": "https://vcc.gov.vn/default.aspx?page=news&do=detail&category_id=9343771e-96be-48b5-a35d-b8ea9bc1aa93&id=497f274c-0b7e-48d8-8e89-cf50443e0815", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the National Competition Commission announced an investigation into messaging service Zalo regarding the data protection implications of its new service agreement. The Commission sent a letter to the company VNG, which operates Zalo, requesting that it review and adjust the terms of its new service agreement to ensure that users are not made to consent to personal data processing as a condition of use, as well as ensuring that consumer consent to data collection is volunt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Government access to data in Law No. 75/2025/QH15 amending and supplementing certain articles of the Law on Advertising", "url": "https://congbao.chinhphu.vn/van-ban/luat-so-75-2025-qh15-45566.htm", "description": "On 1 January 2026, Law No. 75/2025/QH15 enters into force, amending Article 23(5) of the Law on Advertising to introduce record-keeping and transparency obligations for online advertising service providers. Providers must store information and records relating to advertising activities and provide such information upon request by competent state authorities. Providers must also retain information concerning the rules governing advertising distribution methods and the advertising distribution ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Classification criteria for high and medium risk AI in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/du-thao-vbqppl/du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-chi-tiet-mot-so-dieu-va-bien-phap-de-to-chuc-huong-dan-thi-hanh-luat-7740", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a consultation on classification criteria for high and medium-risk AI in Decree No. 2026/ND-CP implementing the Law on Artificial Intelligence. The decree establishes the classification criteria and management procedures for artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on identifying high and medium-risk levels to ensure compliance obligations are proportionate to potential hazards. The policy aims to prevent and limit negati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Decision issuing plan to implement amended Press Law (No. 329/QD-TTg)", "url": "https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2026/02/329-ttg.signed.pdf", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Prime Minister of Vietnam adopted Decision No. 329/QĐ-TTg issuing a plan to implement the Press Law (Law No. 126/2025/QH15). The plan requires the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and other authorities to review existing legal documents and amend or replace them to ensure consistency with the Press Law. The plan also mandates the drafting of several government decrees by April 2026, including decrees detailing provisions of the Press Law, regulating spokesperso...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Code of Cultural Conduct in Digital Environment (Decision no. 423/QD-BVHTTDL)", "url": "https://stp.laocai.gov.vn/chuyen-doi-so/quyet-dinh-so-423-qd-bvhttdl-ngay-05-3-2026-cua-bo-van-hoa-the-thao-va-du-lich-ban-hanh-bo-quy-t-1569813", "description": "On 5 March 2026, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) adopted the Code of Cultural Conduct in the Digital Environment. The Code applies to individuals, internet service providers, social network and digital platform providers, media and advertising companies, and performing arts organisations. It establishes general principles of conduct and sector-specific rules. The Code requires users and service providers to comply with Vietnamese law, respect the rights and interests of org...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Decree Providing for Administrative Sanctions in the Fields of Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://bocongan.gov.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat/lay-y-kien-du-thao/ho-so-du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-xu-phat-vi-pham-hanh-chinh-trong-linh-vuc-an-ninh-mang-va-bao-ve-du-lieu-ca-nhan-1772531021?type=dang-lay-y-kien", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Ministry of Public Security closes the consultation on the draft decree providing for administrative sanctions in the fields of cybersecurity and personal data protection. The draft decree establishes administrative violations, sanctions, and remedial measures applicable to Vietnamese and foreign organisations. The Law on Government Organisation 2025, the Law on Organisation of Local Government of 16 June 2025, and the Law on Handling of Administrative Violations of 20 J...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity authority governance in Decree on cybersecurity protection for information systems", "url": "https://bocongan.gov.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat/lay-y-kien-du-thao/ho-so-du-thao-nghi-dinh-ve-bao-ve-an-ninh-mang-doi-voi-he-thong-thong-tin-1773133798?type=dang-lay-y-kien&tab=fulltext", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Ministry of Public Security closes the consultation on the draft decree on cybersecurity protection for information systems. The decree applies to agencies and organisations involved in building, managing, operating, upgrading, or expanding information systems in Vietnam, including systems used to provide online services. The decree defines terms including information processing, information system operators, specialised cyber security units, and online services, and est...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Decree on preventing and combating cybercrime and high-tech crime", "url": "https://bocongan.gov.vn/chinh-sach-phap-luat/lay-y-kien-du-thao/ho-so-du-thao-nghi-dinh-quy-dinh-ve-phong-chong-toi-pham-mang-va-toi-pham-su-dung-cong-nghe-cao-1773393216?type=dang-lay-y-kien", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Decree Ministry of Public Security closes the consultation on the draft decree on preventing and combating cybercrime and high-tech crime. The decree applies to domestic and foreign service providers operating in Vietnamese cyberspace, including internet, telecommunications, cloud computing, financial institutions, e-wallets, payment intermediaries, digital asset exchanges, online gaming platforms, and social media networks. Service providers are required to electronical...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 March 2026", "title": "Program for Protecting and Supporting Children's Development in Online Environment (Decision No. 468/QD-TTg)", "url": "https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=217275#:~:text=%C2%A9%20C%E1%BB%95ng%20Th%C3%B4ng%20tin%20%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n%20t%E1%BB%AD%20Ch%C3%ADnh%20ph%E1%BB%A7&text=Ghi%20r%C3%B5%20ngu%E1%BB%93n%20%27C%E1%BB%95ng%20Th%C3%B4ng,tin%20t%E1%BB%AB%20c%C3%A1c%20ngu%E1%BB%93n%20n%C3%A0y", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Program on Protecting and Supporting Children's Development in the Online Environment for the 2026-2030 Period enters into force upon the date of signing of Decision No. 468/QD-TTg. The Ministry of Public Security acts as the lead agency, tasked with monitoring and inspecting the implementation of measures across ministries and localities. Under the Program, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is directed to advise on the ratification of the United Nations Convention against...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Regulation on standards and procedures on electronic textbooks (Circular No. 22/2026/TT-BGDDT )", "url": "https://datafiles.chinhphu.vn/cpp/files/vbpq/2026/4/22-bgddt.pdf", "description": "On 22 May 2026, the Regulation on standards and procedures for converting printed textbooks into electronic textbooks enters into force. The Regulation applies to publishing organisations undertaking such conversions and requires that all server infrastructure storing user data be located in Vietnam and operate under a Vietnamese internet domain name. Converting units must also comply with national cybersecurity regulations and protect the personal data of students and teachers in accordance ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 March 2026", "title": "Vietnam - Law on AI (No. 134/2025/QH15)", "url": "https://www.rajahtannasia.com/viewpoints/new-law-on-artificial-intelligence-t", "description": "Vietnam's Law on AI (No. 134/2025/QH15) took effect on March 1, 2026, replacing AI provisions in the Law on Digital Technology Industry. The law draws heavily from the EU AI Act risk-based approach and is Southeast Asia's first comprehensive standalone AI law. It emphasizes human oversight, risk management, and clear labeling of AI-generated content.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "Comprehensive", "Risk-Based" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Vietnam AI Law - First in Southeast Asia", "url": "https://www.themountaineer.com/news/national/vietnam-ai-law-takes-effect-firs", "description": "Vietnam enacted Southeast Asia's first comprehensive AI law effective March 1, 2026, emphasizing human oversight, risk management, and labeling of AI-generated content.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "First in Region", "Human Oversight" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Decision No. 127/QĐ-TTg Approving the National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence until 2030", "url": "https://most.gov.vn/", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: Vietnam's comprehensive national strategy for AI development, aiming to position the country among the top 4 in ASEAN and top 50 globally in AI by 2030. The strategy establishes goals for AI research, infrastructure, ecosystem development, and sectoral application while building the necessary legal framework....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Law on Digital Technology Industry", "url": "https://english.mst.gov.vn/creating-breakthrough-mechanism-for-digital-technology-industry-197240926103937754.htm", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: The Law on Digital Technology Industry (No. 71/2025/QH15) establishes a standalone statutory framework to develop, regulate and incentivise Vietnam's digital technology sector, including semiconductors, artificial intelligence and digital assets. Passed by the National Assembly on 14 June 2025, the law sets institutional responsibilities, state support and compliance requirements for enterprises and public bodies while seeking to balance innovation, national technology autonomy and risk management....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Principles on Research and Development of Responsible AI Systems", "url": "https://www.most.gov.vn/en", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: Vietnam's voluntary guidance establishing nine fundamental principles for responsible AI development, emphasizing a human-centric approach that balances economic benefits with ethical considerations. The Guide (Version 1.0) provides a foundational framework for AI management while encouraging innovation and cooperation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cybersecurity Law", "url": "https://en.bocongan.gov.vn/", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: Vietnam's foundational cybersecurity legislation establishing data localization requirements, security obligations for online service providers, and government oversight of cyberspace. The law requires certain data to be stored locally in Vietnam for at least 24 months and mandates cooperation with authorities on cybersecurity matters....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Hanoi Smart City Development Action Plan to 2030 (Plan No. 243/KH-UBND)", "url": "https://ubnd.hanoi.gov.vn/van-ban/ke-hoach-243-kh-ubnd-ke-hoach-trien-khai-cac-nhiem-vu-giai-phap-phat-trien-do-thi-thong-minh-tren-dia-ban-thanh-pho-ha-noi-den-nam-2030", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: Hanoi's Smart City Development Action Plan to 2030 aims to transform the city into a data-driven, modern, and globally connected urban center using AI and digital technologies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Da Nang Smart City AI Initiative", "url": "https://ipa.danang.gov.vn/en/news/da-nang-established-the-semiconductor-and-artificial-intelligence-center-for-research-and-training-opportunities-to-develop-training-and-research-in-high-tech-industries", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: The Da Nang Smart City AI Initiative is a strategic framework guiding the integration and development of Artificial Intelligence within Da Nang City's smart city vision, aiming to transform Da Nang into a leading national and regional AI hub by 2030....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Chương trình “Nghiên cứu và phát triển ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh giai đoạn 2020-2030”", "url": "https://www.tphcm.gov.vn/web/guest/tin-chi-tiet/-/asset_publisher/el0n/content/uy-ban-nhan-dan-thanh-pho-ho-chi-minh-ban-hanh-quyet-dinh-so-575-qd-ubnd-ve-phe-duyet-chuong-trinh-nghien-cuu-va-phat-trien-ung-dung-tri-tue-nhan-tao-ai-", "description": "AI law in Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh City's AI Research Program 2020-2030 aims to transform the city into a leading AI hub in Vietnam and ASEAN, driving digital transformation and economic growth....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 February 2026", "title": "Vietnam Decision No. 304/QD-BVHTTDL on administrative procedures for Radio, Television and Electronic Information", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/phat-thanh-truyen-hinh/cong-bo-tthc-moi-ban-hanh-duoc-thay-the-trong-linh-vuc-phat-thanh-truyen-hinh-va-thong-tin-dien-tu-thuoc-quan-ly-cua-bo-vhttdl/119171", "description": "Decision No. 304/QD-BVHTTDL on administrative procedures in the field of Radio, Television and Electronic Information enters into force, introducing procedures for granting licences for specialized advertising programme channels.", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 February 2026", "title": "Vietnam Government Decree No. 342/2025/ND-CP on Law on Advertising", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216403&classid=1&orggroupid=2", "description": "Government Decree No. 342/2025/ND-CP enters into force mandating design requirements for online advertising systems, transparency requirements for advertisers, record-keeping obligations for three years, allocation of supervisory powers for online advertising moderation, and business registration requirements for online advertising service providers.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation", "Consumer Protection", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology adopted Circular Promulgating the List of Key Digital Technology Products and Services (Circular No. 31/2025/TT-BKHCN)", "url": "https://mst.gov.vn/van-ban-phap-luat/25246.htm", "description": "On 14 November 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology adopted Circular No. 31/2025/TT-BKHCN Promulgating the List of Key Digital Technology Products and Services, designating ten key digital product product and service groups that are eligible for special incentives under the Law on the Digital Technology Industry, such as tax incentives, state support, and preferential customs treatment. The ten key digital product and service groups are: (1) artificial intelligence, digital twins and vir", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including fair marketing and advertising practices was introduced to National Assembly", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Law on Digital Transformation was introduced to the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Law on Digital Transformation applies to organisations and individuals directly involved in or related to digital transformation in Vietnam under Article 2. Provisions relevant to fair marketing and advertising practices are limited. Article 38(1) requires owners of digital systems and digital platforms to publicly and transparently disclose the code of conduct, terms and conditions of u", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including design requirements was introduced to National Assembly", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Law on Digital Transformation was introduced to the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Law on Digital Transformation applies to domestic and foreign organisations and individuals directly involved in or related to digital transformation in Vietnam under Article 2. Article 7 sets out principles of digital system architecture and design, including the use of digital platforms and shared components under Article 7(1), efficient use of cloud computing infrastructure under Arti", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including performance monitoring requirements was introduced to National Assembly", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Law on Digital Transformation was introduced to the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Law on Digital Transformation applies to domestic and foreign organisations and individuals directly involved in or related to digital transformation in Vietnam under Article 2. Article 4(1) includes activities to manage, statistically analyse, measure, monitor, and audit digital transformation activities and to evaluate their level and effectiveness. Article 8(5) requires digital system", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including testing requirement was introduced to National Assembly", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Law on Digital Transformation was introduced to the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Law on Digital Transformation applies to organisations and individuals directly involved in or related to digital transformation in Vietnam under Article 2. Article 4(6) provides for research, test, pilot, evaluate, and deploy applications of digital technology products and services, new models and solutions for digital transformation, and the implementation of a controlled testing mecha", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology closed consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including fair marketing and advertising practices", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology closed the public consultation, which had been open since 12 August 2025, on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law prohibits exploiting digital platforms and technologies to commit fraud, deception, or illicit gain, and prohibits the use of deceptive interfaces to manipulate or prevent users from making informed and free choices under Article 5(6). It requires that content created or modified using artificial intell", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology closed consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including testing requirement", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology closed the public consultation, which had been open since 12 August 2025, on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law requires organisations and individuals introducing products, goods, processes, or services serving digital transformation, or connecting to information systems of state agencies, to obtain conformity certification, declare conformity, and use the conformity mark before provision, under Article 63(1). Th", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology closed consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including government access to data", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 15 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology closed the public consultation, which had been open since 12 August 2025, on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law requires organisations managing and operating digital platforms to share data with competent state agencies to serve policy making, management, and development of the digital economy under Article 42(1). It sets conditions for data sharing, including prioritising real-time data generated from the operat", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology opened consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including fair marketing and advertising practices", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 12 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a public consultation until 15 August 2025 on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law prohibits exploiting digital platforms and technologies to commit fraud, deception, or illicit gain, and prohibits the use of deceptive interfaces to manipulate or prevent users from making informed and free choices under Article 5(6). It requires that content created or modified using artificial intelligence, including text, ", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology opened consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including testing requirement", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 12 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a public consultation until 15 August 2025 on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law requires organisations and individuals introducing products, goods, processes, or services serving digital transformation, or connecting to information systems of state agencies, to obtain conformity certification, declare conformity, and use the conformity mark before provision, under Article 63(1). The Draft Law provides tha", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Technology opened consultation on Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025 including government access to data", "url": "https://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn/dt/luat-chuyen-doi-so/250925084235096772", "description": "On 12 August 2025, the Ministry of Science and Technology opened a public consultation until 15 August 2025 on the Draft Law on Digital Transformation, 2025. The Draft Law requires organisations managing and operating digital platforms to share data with competent state agencies to serve policy making, management, and development of the digital economy under Article 42(1). It sets conditions for data sharing, including prioritising real-time data generated from the operation of information syste", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 115, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "704" }, { "id": "ZA", "title": "South Africa", "entries": [ { "title": "Draft South Africa National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202604/54477gen3880.pdf", "description": "and enforce governance. Further, this policy actively repositions the Independent · Communication Authority of South Africa (ICASA) for an AI-driven regulatory future. While traditionally focused on broadcasting, telecommunications, and postal services, This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za · STAATSKOERANT, 10 April 2026\b · No. 54477 29 · Page 27 of 86 ·", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Youth challenged to shape global AI governance | SAnews", "url": "https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/youth-challenged-shape-global-ai-governance", "description": "Minister of Women, Youth and Persons with Disabilities Sindisiwe Chikunga has challenged young people to take the lead in setting global standards for artificial intelligence (AI) governance to ensure the technology advances equity, rather than deepens global inequality. Delivering the keynote address at the 4th BRICS Youth Innovation Summit 2026, currently underway at Tshwane University of Technology, Chikunga positioned youth as central actors in shaping a more just and multipolar global or...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Minister announces withdrawal of draft AI Policy | SAnews", "url": "https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/minister-announces-withdrawal-draft-ai-policy", "description": "The draft AI policy was approved by Cabinet on 25 March 2026 (combined with the Special Sitting of Cabinet on 01 April 2026), for public comment. In the · Government Gazette dated 10 April, the public had until 10 June 2026 to comment on the bill.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-15", "title": "Crypo-assets provisions in Supervisory guidelines for banks on money laundering, terrorist financing or other unlawful activity", "url": "https://www.resbank.co.za/content/dam/sarb/publications/prudential-authority/pa-deposit-takers/banks-guidance-notes/2022/G10-2022%20-%20Supervisory%20guidelines%20for%20matters%20related%20to%20the%20prevention%20of%20unlawful%20activities.pdf", "description": "On 15 August 2022, the South African Reserve Bank issued a guideline on risk management, illegal financing (e.g. terrorism), and anti-money laundering standards for banks and other institutions handling crypto-assets. The guideline states that, instead of completely banning entities that handle crypto-assets, banks should decide on a case-by-case basis whether the organizations they do business with are safely handling and trading crypto-assets. The guideline aims to help banks assess the ris...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-01-07", "title": "Data protection rules in Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/documents/protection-personal-information-act", "description": "On 1 July 2021, the Protection of Personal Information (POPIA) was fully implemented after Section 58(2) came into effect. Adopted in 2013, the POPIA applies to public and private “responsible parties” that process personal information (e.g. collect, receive or use data). The POPIA requires entities to obtain consent for the processing of personal information, enabling justifications such as contractual performance, legal obligations and legitimate interests of the data subject. Data subjects...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-07", "title": "Cross-border data regulation in Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA)", "url": "https://www.justice.gov.za/inforeg/docs/20200622-gg43461-rg11136-pr21-POPIAsections.pdf", "description": "The operative provisions of the Protection of Personal Information Act (2013) including restrictions on cross-border data transfers come into effect after a one-year grace period following proclamation No. R21 in 2019. Specifically, Section 72 exposes the conditions through which personal information about a data subject can be transferred to a third party in a foreign country. Such conditions include compliance with the law, the data subject's consent, and the performance of a contract betwe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-31", "title": "South Africa National Data and Cloud Policy includes new data protection authority", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202406/50741gen2533.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies adopted the data and cloud policy, which requires data protection authorities to ensure robust data security and privacy protection. It emphasises investigating breaches, raising public awareness, and periodically assessing privacy practices across government agencies, businesses, and online platforms. The policy highlights that the authorities must be adequately resourced to take enforcement actions, adapt legislation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-29", "title": "Data governance regulation in Guidance note on the processing of special personal information", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Guidance-Note-Processing-Special-PersonalInformation-20210628-004.pdf", "description": "The guidance note on the processing of special personal information is adopted by the Information Regulator of South Africa, establishing a guideline for responsible parties who are required to obtain authorisation from the Regulator to process special personal information, as provided for in section 27(2) of the Protection of Personal Information Act ('POPIA'). Referring to the POPIA, the guidance note gives a short overview about the requirements, which have to be met in order to get an aut...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-24", "title": "Inquiry into competition in the digital economy", "url": "http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Digital-Markets-Paper-2021-002-1.pdf", "description": "On 24 February 2021, the South African Competition Commission released a paper on the digital economy. In the paper, the commission advocates for \"inclusive economic growth\" through more effective enforcement of the Competition Act. Specifically, the Commission wants SMEs and firms owned by historically disadvantaged persons (HDPs) to be fully included in the digital economy. Finally, the Commission notes the specific challenges surrounding the different areas of competition law.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-11", "title": "South Africa Banking Association Information Processing Codes of Conduct", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Code%20of%20Conduct%20for%20the%20Banking%20Association%20South%20Africa%20(BASA).pdf", "description": "On 9 November 2022, the Information Regulator issued the Code of conduct for processing of Personal Information by the banking industry under the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013. The code applies to member banks of the Banking Association of South Africa. The code mandates lawful and reasonable processing of personal information, requiring compliance frameworks to manage risks, retention policies for data, and conditions for further processing. It also establishes guidelines ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-11", "title": "Credit Bureau Association information processing code of conduct", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Code%20of%20Conduct%20for%20the%20Credit%20Bureau%20Associaltion%20(CBA).pdf", "description": "On 9 November 2022, the Information Regulator implemented the Code of conduct governing the conditions for lawful processing of personal information by the Credit Bureau Association. The code applies to credit bureaus which are members of the Credit Bureau Association. The code imposes several obligations, including the appointment of an Information Officer, obtaining explicit consent from data subjects, conducting personal information impact assessments, ensuring data quality and accuracy. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-03", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Films and Publications Amendment Act 2022", "url": "https://www.gov.za/documents/notices/films-and-publications-amendment-act-commencement-1-march-2022-english-afrikaans", "description": "On 1 March 2022, the Films and Publications Amendment Act 2022 entered into force. The Act prohibits the online publication and distribution of private sexual photographs and films, child pornography, propaganda for war or is an incitement to violence, advocacy of hatred based on identifiable group characteristics, among others.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-07-09", "title": "South African Competition Commission Report on Competition in the Digital Economy", "url": "http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Digital-Markets-Paper-2021-002-1.pdf", "description": "On 7 September 2020, the Competition Commission published the “Competition in the Digital Economy Report”, outlining the Commission’s approach to regulating the digital economy. The report examines the competition, regulatory and industrial policy issues in the digital economy. In particular, the report analyses problems of merger control, cartel conduct, and abuse of dominance and vertical restraints in the digital market.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-27", "title": "Information Regulator investigation into Ram Consulting over alleged non-compliance with POPIA personal data processing requirements", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/MEDIA-STATEMENT-ENFORCEMENT-NOTICE-ON-DIRECT-MARKETING-COMPLAINT.pdf", "description": "On 27 February 2024, the Information Regulator issued an enforcement notice to FR Ram Consulting, a training institution, for contravening various sections of the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA). The Regulator stated that it received a complaint from a data subject who continued to receive direct marketing messages despite multiple attempts to opt-out. The Regulator found that FR Ram Consulting had failed to adhere to POPIA personal data processing requirements and contravened ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-22", "title": "Information Regulator Code of conduct on processing personal information by the residential communities council", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Proposed-Code-of-Conduct-Residential-Communities-Council-RCC-08-September-2023.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Information Regulator opened a public consultation on processing personal information by the residential communities council. The code and outlines obligations including obtaining consent for processing biometric and employee data, ensuring compliance with Protection of Personal Information Act when sharing data with third parties. The code also highlights implementing security measures like encryption and risk assessments under frameworks such as National Institute ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-26", "title": "FPB Notice requiring service providers to implement measures to protect children from harmful content", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202210/47373gon2682.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the Film and Publication Board (FPB) Notice requiring service providers to implement measures to protect children from harmful content enters into force. The notice applies to internet access, service providers, and operators of child-oriented services and content services, including online distributors. The notice requires access and service providers to provide information to the FPB regarding minor protection measures taken by them, including displaying safety messages,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-22", "title": "Film and Publication Board investigations into distribution of online child sexual abuse material on online platforms", "url": "https://fpb.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/CHALLENGES-BROUGHT-BY-SOCIAL-MEDIA-PLATFORMS.pdf", "description": "On 22 April 2025, the Film and Publication Board (FPB) reported that it had received 21 cases of Online Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) for expert analysis during the 2024/25 financial year, examining 218’582 images and videos, of which 18’945 were confirmed as CSAM, with analysis reports generated for legal proceedings. The FPB also investigated 34 public complaints, including cases of sextortion, cyberbullying, impersonation, bestiality, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images, whi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "South Africa National Data and Cloud Policy includes cybersecurity measures", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202406/50741gen2533.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the Department of Communications and Digital Technologies adopted the data and cloud policy including measures to enhance cybersecurity regulation. The policy aims to create a secure and inclusive environment for data and cloud services, focusing on data privacy protection and cybersecurity. It mandates the strengthening of the Cybersecurity Hub to address digital threats, and ensuring all government technologies integrate cybersecurity-by-design principles throughout the data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "Data residency obligations in South Africa Draft National Data and Cloud Policy", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202406/50741gen2533.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the South African Department of Communications and Digital Technologies adopted the final national data and cloud policy, including data residency obligations. The policy applies to data management and cloud computing within South Africa. The guideline mandates that government data pertaining to protecting and preserving national security and sovereignty should be stored only on digital infrastructure within South Africa. Further, the policy sets out criteria for the governmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2021", "title": "Data governance measure in guidance note on processing of personal information of children", "url": "https://www.justice.gov.za/inforeg/docs/InfoRegSA-GuidanceNote-Processing-PersonalInformation-Children-20210628.pdf", "description": "The guidance note on processing of personal information of children by the Information Regulator in South Africa, is aiming to guide responsible parties who are required to obtain authorisation from the regulator to process personal information of children. The guidance note outlines that the Regulator may, in view of the legal framework of the Protection of Personal Information Act ('POPIA'), authorise a responsible party to process personal information of children if the Regulator is satisf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2021", "title": "Cybercrimes Act including data breach notification obligations", "url": "https://cybercrimesact.co.za/", "description": "On 1 December 2021, certain sections of the Cybercrimes Act entered into force. In particular, all Chapters entered into force with the exception of the following provisions: Part VI of Chapter 1 on Definitions and Interpretations; sections 38(1)(d)-(f), 40(3)-(4), and (41-44)) of Chapter 4 on Powers to Investigate, Search, Access or Seize; section 54 of Chapter 8 on Reporting Obligations and Capacity Building; sections 11B-D, and 56A(3)(c)-(e) of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2023", "title": "Cryptocurrency advertising regulation in Code of Advertising Practice", "url": "https://arb.org.za/assets/section-iii-specific-categories-of-advertising-v2023.1.pdf", "description": "On 23 January 2023, the South African Advertising Regulatory Board (ARB) announced it was broadening the scope of its \"Code of Advertising Practice\" (ARB Code). In particular, the ARB Code introduces new regulations for advertisements of crypto assets. In particular, the updated ARB Code notes that advertisements have to expressly and clearly state that investing in crypto assets may result in the loss of capital. Furthermore, crypto advertisements must be easily understandable for their tar...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 March 2023", "title": "Rules of Procedure for Data Protection Enforcement Committee", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Government-Notice-POPIA-Rules-of-Procedure-for-the-EC-Signed.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2023, the public consultation closed on the draft rules for the Data Protection Enforcement Committee. The draft rules outline the duties of the enforcement committee and what types of complaints may be submitted to it. The draft rules also elaborate on the type of evidence that will be considered, the amount of time the committee may take to process the complaint, and the rights of both the complainant and the defendant.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Competition Commission Media and Digital Platforms Market Inquiry (MDPMI)", "url": "https://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/MDPMI-Releases-Final-Report-13-November-2025-2.pdf", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the Competition Commission of South Africa released the final report on the Media and Digital Platforms Market Inquiry (MDPMI), initiated under Section 43B(1)(a) of the Competition Act, following 24 months of evidence gathering and stakeholder engagement. The final report found that declining advertising income, limited subscription capacity, and the prominence of global platforms across search, social media, AdTech, and AI have weakened South Africa’s news media. It note...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Information Regulator investigation into WhatsApp's privacy policy", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/MEDIA-STATEMENT_INFORMATION-REGULATORS-LATEST-UPDATE-Journalist-ver.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the Information Regulator announced a settlement agreement with WhatsApp concerning its 2021 Privacy Policy. The agreement addresses WhatsApp's processing of personal information in South Africa. As part of the settlement, WhatsApp withdrew its legal action and will implement additional transparency measures for users. The case relates to WhatsApp’s amended Privacy Policy in South Africa. Following an assessment, the Regulator issued an enforcement notice, concluding that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 January 2022", "title": "Film and Publication Board’s Revised Classification Guidelines for the Classification of Films, Games and Certain Publications", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202207/46649gon2218.pdf", "description": "On 1 August 2022, the Film and Publication Board’s Revised “Classification Guidelines for the Classification of Films, Games and Certain Publications” entered into force. The purpose of the Guidelines is to ensure that information is provided to allow adults to make informed viewing, gaming and reading choices, both for themselves and for children; to protect children from exposure to potentially disturbing or harmful contents; punish and criminalise the use of children in and the exposure of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2021", "title": "Information Regulator Guideline to Develop Codes of Conduct under POPIA", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/InfoRegSA-Guidelines-DevelopCodeOfConduct-22Feb2021.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2021, the Guideline to Develop Codes of Conduct under the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) came into effect. The Guideline was developed by the Information Regulator to explain the process for the adoption of industry-specific codes of conduct under Section 65 of POPIA.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 August 2023", "title": "Local Content Requirement in White Paper on Audio and Audiovisual Media Services and Online Content Safety", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202307/49052gen1934.pdf", "description": "On 8 September 2023, the South African Government closed its consultation on the draft White Paper on Audio and Audiovisual Media Services and Online Content Safety. The White Paper includes high-level policy proposals on regulations and principles to modernise the current legal framework on Audio and Audio-visual Content Services (AAVCS). In particular, the White Paper proposes for the South African Content regulatory framework to apply to all AAVCS including new broadcasting services offere...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 November 2024", "title": "Film and Publication Board regulations addressing harmful and prohibited content under Section 18H and Section 27A of the Films and Publications Act (Notice No. 4526)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202404/50569gon4756.pdf", "description": "On 11 April 2024, the Film and Publication Board (FPB)’s regulations addressing harmful and prohibited content under Section 18H and Section 27A of the Films and Publications Act (Notice No. 4526) were terminated after the FPB announced its withdrawal. The regulations required service providers to implement measures to prevent the hosting or distribution of prohibited content and report to the FPB the steps implemented. The regulations prohibited content included content inciting violence, p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 January 2024", "title": "Information Regulator guidance note on application for prior authorisation", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Revised-Guidance-Note-on-applications-for-Prior-Authorisation-adopted-by-Members-30-Jan14.pdf", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the Information Regulator of South Africa, issued a guidance note on processing personal information subject to prior authorisation under the Protection of Personal Information Act. The note applies to responsible parties processing certain types of data requiring prior authorisation under the POPIA, and which includes unique identifiers, credit reporting, criminal behaviour checks, or transferring special personal information or children's data to countries lacking adequa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 July 2023", "title": "Information Regulator Code of conduct on personal information protection in the direct marketing industry", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20230608_DMASA-POPIA-CoC_V4.pdf", "description": "On 14 July 2023, the Information Regulator closed a consultation on a code of conduct on personal information protection in the direct marketing industry. The code applies to members of the direct marketing association of South Africa. The code imposes obligations such as appointing Information Officers, establishing a compliance framework, conducting Personal Information Impact Assessments, and ensuring that personal information collection is adequate and relevant. It also requires documenta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 August 2023", "title": "Information Regulator investigation into Dis-Chem Pharmacies Ltd for alleged contravention of the provisions of Protection of Personal Information Act", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/FINAL-MEDIA-STATEMENT-ENFORCEMENT-NOTICE-ISSUED-TO-DISCHEM-PHARMACIES-LTD.pdf", "description": "On 31 August 2023, the Information Regulator issued an enforcement notice in the context of its investigation into Dis-Chem Pharmacies Ltd for contravention of various sections of the Protection of Personal Information Act relating to a security breach affecting around 3.6 million data subjects. It was highlighted that Dis-Chem failed to implement adequate security measures, including addressing the risks of weak passwords and entering into an operator agreement with its third-party service p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 February 2023", "title": "FPB Industry code on prevention of online harm", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202308/49140gon3798.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2023, the Film and Publications Board of South Africa closes the public consultation on the Industry code on prevention of online harm. The code aims to regulate the online distribution of harmful content such as child pornography, hate speech, and incitement to violence. The code applies to commercial online distributors and social media platforms. The code imposes obligations to prevent the hosting and distribution of prohibited content, ensure consumer support for reporting ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 February 2023", "title": "FPB Guidelines on determination of harmful content", "url": "https://www.ellipsis.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Draft-Guidelines-to-determine-whether-content-is-harmful-August-2023.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2023, the Film and Publications Board closes a public consultation on the guidelines for determination of harmful online content. The guideline provides a framework for the Appeal Tribunal to assess what constitutes harmful and prohibited content, including hate speech and incitement to violence. The guideline requires analysis of content, language, intent, and context, as well as consideration of constitutional limits on freedom of expression. The guideline emphasises consulti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 February 2023", "title": "FPB Guidelines on peer-to-peer video sharing", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202308/49140gon3798.pdf", "description": "On 2 September 2023, the Film and Publication Board closes a public consultation on the guidelines on peer-to-peer video sharing. The guideline aims to regulate content sharing on peer-to-peer platforms, prohibiting harmful or illegal content including child pornography, revenge porn, hate speech, and content inciting violence. The guideline applies to users on peer-to-peer platforms, requiring them to secure consent from individuals, respect intellectual property rights, and adhere to privac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "Information Regulator Guidance Note on compliance with POPIA when processing personal data for direct marketing", "url": "https://inforegulator.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GUIDANCE-NOTE-ON-DIRECT-MARKETING-IN-TERMS-OF-THE-PROTECTION-OF-PERSONAL-INFORMATION-ACT-4-OF-2013-POPIA.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2024, the Information Regulator issued a Guidance Note on compliance with the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA) for processing personal data in direct marketing. Key requirements include obtaining explicit consent from data subjects, respecting their right to object to data processing, ensuring transparency about data collection, purpose, and rights, and conducting a Legitimate Interest Assessment (LIA). The Guidance prioritises personal data protection, transparenc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2025", "title": "Film and Publication Board investigation into online content depicting violence against children", "url": "https://fpb.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Media-release-22-Oct.pdf", "description": "On 22 October 2025, the Film and Publication Board (FPB) directed social media platforms to remove a video clip depicting violence against a child. The instruction was issued under Section 18G of the Films and Publications Act, which prohibits the distribution of material showing violence against children. The FPB indicated that it would monitor the removal process to prevent further dissemination and reminded the public that sharing or distributing such content is also prohibited under the A...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 October 2025", "title": "Film and Publication Board investigation into distribution of private sexual films or photographs without consent under Films and Publications Act", "url": "https://fpb.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Distribution-of-sexual-content-without-consent.docx", "description": "On 10 November 2025, the Film and Publication Board (FPB) opened an investigation into the distribution of a video clip circulating on social media that depicts two individuals engaging in sexual conduct. The investigation concerns possible contraventions of section 18F(1) of the Films and Publications Act, 1996 (Act No. 65 of 1996) as amended, which prohibits exposing a private sexual photograph or film without the consent of the individuals depicted and with the intention of causing harm. A...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "South Africa - Draft National AI Policy Submitted", "url": "https://www.fasken.com/en/knowledge/2026/03/ai-regulation-progress-in-south-a", "description": "South Africa's Department of Communications and Digital Technologies submitted the Draft National AI Policy to Cabinet, marking a further step in the right direction for AI governance in South Africa. The policy avoids a central \"super-regulator,\" instead distributing oversight to existing sector regulators (FSCA and SARB for financial AI, SAHPRA for medical AI).", "categories": [ "National AI Policy", "Distributed Regulatory Model" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "South Africa - No Central Super-Regulator for AI", "url": "https://techcabal.com/2026/04/09/south-africas-new-policy-is-betting-on-decen", "description": "South Africa's 2026 AI policy avoids a central \"super-regulator,\" instead distributing oversight to existing sector regulators including FSCA and SARB for financial AI, and SAHPRA for medical AI.", "categories": [ "Distributed Regulation", "Sector Regulators" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy Framework (Draft) — Department of Communications and Digital Technologies", "url": "https://www.dcdt.gov.za/sa-national-ai-policy-framework.html", "description": "AI law in South Africa: The Department of Communications and Digital Technologies (DCDT) published the draft National Artificial Intelligence Policy Framework as a foundational, principle- and risk-based roadmap to guide South Africa’s AI policy and future legislation. The Framework prioritises human-centred AI, alignment with data-protection law (POPIA), risk-tiering for high-impact systems, capacity building, research and innovation, and multi-stakeholder governance while inviting public comment and further statutory design....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Regulations relating to the Protection of Personal Information, 2018 (Government Notice R1383 of 2018)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/documents/notices", "description": "AI law in South Africa: The Regulations relating to the Protection of Personal Information, 2018 (GoN R1383) were made by the Information Regulator under POPIA to prescribe forms, procedural rules, and minimum administrative requirements to operationalise data subject rights, complaints and enforcement processes under the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA). They set out duties for information officers, standardized forms for objections, corrections, codes of conduct, complaints, assessments and enforcement notices, and specify procedural timelines and remediation steps....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Amendment to the Regulations relating to the Protection of Personal Information (POPIA Amendment Regulations) (Government Notice GN 6126 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/documents/protection-personal-information-act-2013", "description": "AI law in South Africa: On 17 April 2025 the Information Regulator published amendments to the Regulations Relating to the Protection of Personal Information, 2018 (Government Notice 6126 in Gazette No. 52523). The amendments clarify and expand definitions, strengthen data-subject access channels (including telephonic and multiple electronic channels), update obligations on consent for direct marketing and compliance frameworks, and enhance complaint and enforcement procedures including transitional and payment-arrangement provisions for administrative fines....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), No. 4 of 2013", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/3706726-11act4of2013popi.pdf", "description": "AI law in South Africa: The Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), No. 4 of 2013, establishes comprehensive data protection rules in South Africa, setting out conditions for lawful processing of personal information, rights for data subjects, obligations for responsible parties and operators, and enforcement powers for the Information Regulator. Most operative provisions commenced on 1 July 2020 with enforcement action following the one-year grace period ending 30 June 2021....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Report of the Presidential Commission on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (PC4IR Report)", "url": "https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202010/43834gen591.pdf", "description": "AI law in South Africa: The PC4IR Report (published in the Government Gazette on 23 October 2020) sets out a whole-of-government strategy for South Africa to harness Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies for inclusive growth. It provides diagnostic findings, 22 priority recommendations across institutional, legal, skills, infrastructure and financing workstreams, and an implementation roadmap to align public policy, regulation and investment with 4IR objectives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "South Africa's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Planning: Adoption of AI by Government (Draft discussion document)", "url": "https://www.dcdt.gov.za/images/phocadownload/AI_Government_Summit/National_AI_Government_Summit_Discussion_Document.pdf", "description": "AI law in South Africa: A draft national AI planning discussion document prepared for the Department of Communications & Digital Technologies (DCDT) in October 2023 setting out South Africa’s proposed National AI Plan, governance arrangements (including AIISA), priorities, timelines and an outline of a tailored regulatory approach to AI adoption by government. The document was publicly presented at the National AI Government Summit (5 April 2024) and is positioned as a consultative pre-policy instrument to inform future White Papers and legislation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 April 2026", "title": "South Africa publishes National AI Policy Framework for public comment", "url": "https://www.gov.za", "description": "The South African Department of Communications and Digital Technologies published a National AI Policy Framework for public comment, outlining proposals for AI governance, ethical guidelines, sectoral regulation, and establishment of a national AI coordinating council.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Ethics", "International Cooperation" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Roux v. van Greunen", "url": "/documents/1680/Roux_v._Greunen_South_Africa.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on a non-existent judgment 'Matshoba and Another v Acting Master of the High Court, Johannesburg and Others' (applicant produced a 'compiled' Word document); court could not locate the reported or neutral citation and concluded it was an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "30 June 2025", "title": "Northbound Processing v. South African Diamond Regulator", "url": "/documents/531/Northbound_Processing_v._SA_Diamond_Regulator_South_Africa_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Legal Genius in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case cited to support interim mandamus propositions; court confirmed it does not exist and counsel later admitted AI hallucination. Outcome: Referral to the Legal Practice Council for investigation.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Legal Genius", "outcome": "Referral to the Legal Practice Council for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Mavundla v. MEC", "url": "/documents/335/Mavundla_v_MEC_South_Africa_January_8_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Municipality of the City of Cape Town v Aon South Africa (Pty) Ltd as it does not exist. Outcome: Leave for appel dismissed with costs; referral to Legal Practice Council.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Leave for appel dismissed with costs; referral to Legal Practice Council", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "Parker v. Forsyth NNO and Others", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/336/Parker_v_Forsyth_NNO_and_Others_South_Africa_June_29_2023.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Magistrates' Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's attorneys cited this as authority that a body corporate can sue for defamation; the court found after directed research that it does not exist and counsel conceded it was AI-generated. Outcome: Plaintiff’s claim dismissed; punitive costs awarded on an attorney-and-client scale for specific period due to AI-generated hallucinated case law.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Magistrates' Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Plaintiff’s claim dismissed; punitive costs awarded on an attorney-and-client scale for specific period due to AI-generated hallucinated case law", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Roux v. van Greunen", "url": "/documents/1680/Roux_v._Greunen_South_Africa.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on a non-existent judgment 'Matshoba and Another v Acting Master of the High Court, Johannesburg and Others' (applicant produced a 'compiled' Word document); court could not locate the reported or neutral citation and concluded it was an AI hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Northbound Processing v. South African Diamond Regulator", "url": "/documents/531/Northbound_Processing_v._SA_Diamond_Regulator_South_Africa_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case cited to support interim mandamus propositions; court confirmed it does not exist and counsel later admitted AI hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case cited on effect of completed statutory processes; court confirmed it does not exist and counsel later admitted AI hallucination. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incorrect case citation in the filed heads; flagged by opposing respondents; court noted issue without resolving substance. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incorrect case citation in the filed heads; flagged by opposing respondents; court noted issue without resolving substance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Legal Genius", "outcome": "Referral to the Legal Practice Council for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Mavundla v. MEC", "url": "/documents/335/Mavundla_v_MEC_South_Africa_January_8_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Municipality of the City of Cape Town v Aon South Africa (Pty) Ltd as it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Pieterse v The Public Protector as it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Burgers v The Executive Committee of the Municipal Council of the Greater Germiston Municipality as it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Dube v Schleich as it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Correct the interpretation of service rules in court documents. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Adhere to proper service protocols as outlined in court rules. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Ensure accurate context when referencing case law. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Citi Bank NA v L & M Commercial Limited as it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Use relevant cases that accurately support legal arguments. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Hassan v Coetzee as it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Jordaan v Pienaar as it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Ensure accurate context when referencing case law. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd v Lethole as it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Remove reference to Makro Properties (Pty) Ltd v Raal as it does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Use accurate case law for supporting specific legal arguments.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Leave for appel dismissed with costs; referral to Legal Practice Council", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "title": "Roux v. van Greunen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1680/Roux_v._Greunen_South_Africa.pdf", "date": "29 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Northbound Processing v. South African Diamond Regulator", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/531/Northbound_Processing_v._SA_Diamond_Regulator_South_Africa_30_June_2025.pdf", "date": "30 June 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Mavundla v. MEC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/335/Mavundla_v_MEC_South_Africa_January_8_2025.pdf", "date": "8 January 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 57, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "710" }, { "id": "CL", "title": "Chile", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-03-15", "title": "Chilean Cybersecurity Bill", "url": "https://www.camara.cl/legislacion/ProyectosDeLey/tramitacion.aspx?prmID=15344&prmBOLETIN=14847-06", "description": "On 15 March, 2022, the Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Bill (No. 14.847-06) was introduced to the Chilean Senate. The comprehensive cybersecurity bill aims to improve security structures and measures in public and private institutions. The bill outlines regulatory standards to prevent cyber attacks and protect public and private institutions targeted by cyber attacks. Finally, the bill aims to increase cooperation between different institutions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-07-01", "title": "AI Governance in Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA)", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Microsites/DEAs/Digital-Economy-Partnership-Agreement/28-Dec-20020---Press-Release---Digital-Economy-Partnership-Agreement-Enters-into-Force.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2021, New Zealand, Singapore and Chile implemented the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). The DEPA establishes common norms for cooperation and harmonisation regarding digital trade, as well as digital content and services. Furthermore, the DEPA creates a common framework for data protection, establishes common rules on digital trade and removes digital barriers for data transfers. Regarding Artificial Intelligence Governance, the participating countries commit to the ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-26", "title": "Establishment of National Commission on Artificial Intelligence in Bill to regulate AI systems, robotics, and related technologies (Bill 15869-19)", "url": "https://forogpp.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/boletin-15869-19.pdf", "description": "On 26 April 2023, the Bill to regulate AI systems, robotics, and related technologies (Bill 15869-19) establishing the AI Commission was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies of Chile. The Bill establishes a legal framework for the development, commercialisation, distribution, and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The Bill proposes the creation of a National Commission on Artificial Intelligence, responsible for ruling on authorisation applications submitted by developers, provider...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-26", "title": "Authorisation requirement in Bill to regulate AI systems, robotics, and related technologies (Bill 15869-19)", "url": "https://forogpp.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/boletin-15869-19.pdf", "description": "On 26 April 2023, the Bill to regulate AI systems, robotics, and related technologies (Bill 15869-19), including authorisation requirements, was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies of Chile. The Bill requires developers, suppliers, and users of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems to seek authorisation prior to the commencement of the development, marketing, distribution, and use of these systems in Chilean territory. The Bill classifies AI systems into \"unacceptable risk\" and \"high risk'\" ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-13", "title": "Design requirements in Bill regulating Artificial Intelligence systems (Nr. 16821-19)", "url": "https://www.camara.cl/verDoc.aspx?prmID=35352&prmTIPO=OFICIOPLEY", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the Chamber of Deputies passed the Bill regulating Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, including design requirements. The Bill requires AI systems to be designed to allow for human control and monitoring, and must be technically robust and resilient to minimise damage from failures or attacks. AI systems must also be designed to be transparent, ensuring their outputs are understandable and explainable to the people they affect. Systems that interact with humans must be c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence in the public interest", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/the-paris-charter-on-artificial-intelligence-in-the-public-interest", "description": "On 11 February 2025, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, India, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Slovenia, and Switzerland adopted the Paris Charter on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the public interest. The charter aims to ensure AI development serves the public interest, focusing on equity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability. It encourages openness in AI and accountability through existing frameworks. The charter calls for safeguards against AI’s potential harms, alongside an affirmati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Coalition for environmentally sustainable artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/new-coalition-aims-to-put-artificial-intelligence-on-a-more-sustainable-path", "description": "On 11 February 2025, France, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) , and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announced the coalition for environmentally sustainable artificial intelligence (AI). The coalition brings together 91 partners, including technology companies, governments, and international organisations, to address AI’s environmental impact. The coalition’s initiatives include publishing a position paper to identify challenges in balancing AI’s benefits with its ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-05", "title": "Data protection provisions in Pacific Alliance - Singapore Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://alianzapacifico.net/en/pacific-alliance-singapore/", "description": "On 3 May 2025, the Pacific Alliance – Singapore Free Trade Agreement (PASFTA) entered into force for Singapore, Chile, and Peru. Chapter 13 on Electronic Commerce of the agreement establishes rules for personal data protection among the Parties. Article 13.11 of the Chapter emphasises the protection of personal information in the context of electronic commerce. The provision applies to businesses engaged in digital trade that handle users’ personal data, requiring each Party to adopt or maint...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 July 2021", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in New Zealand, Chile and Singapore Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA)", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Microsites/DEAs/Digital-Economy-Partnership-Agreement/28-Dec-20020---Press-Release---Digital-Economy-Partnership-Agreement-Enters-into-Force.pdf", "description": "On 7 January 2021, New Zealand, Singapore and Chile signed the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). The DEPA establishes common norms for cooperation and harmonisation regarding digital trade, as well as digital content and services. Furthermore, the DEPA creates a common framework for data protection, establishes common rules on digital trade and removes digital barriers to data transfers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2020", "title": "VAT on digital services in Reforma Tributaria 2020 (Ley 21.210)", "url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1142667", "description": "Chile enacts the imposition of a 19 percent VAT on digital services provided by foreign suppliers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 February 2022", "title": "SERNAC Interpretative Circular on abusive consumer data processing clauses", "url": "https://www.sernac.cl/portal/604/w3-article-64789.html", "description": "On 19 February 2022, the Servicio Nacional del Consumidor (SERNAC), Chile's consumer protection agency, has closed the consultation on its Interpretative Circular on Abusive Consumer Data Collection and Processing Clauses. The Circular contains classifications of abusive clauses on the collection and processing of consumer data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 January 2020", "title": "Data localisation provision in Banking Regulation 2409/Financial Regulation 798 Updated Compilation of Standards", "url": "https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1077207&idParte=9699250", "description": "On 1 December 2020, the Banking (2409)/Financial (798) Regulation, which includes an updated compilation of standards, was adopted. Article 5 of Chapter 20-7 states that services may only be outsourced to countries that have an investment grade country rating and whose legislation complies with appropriate international standards for the protection and security of personal data. However, the administrative council or the body acting in its stead may grant a reasoned exemption from the require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning use of biometric data of minors (Fundacion Kamanau v Worldcoin S.P.A.) (Case No.18,566-2024)", "url": "https://www.doe.cl/alerta/08012025/202501083002", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Supreme Court of Chile issued a ruling concerning Worldcoin’s collection of a minor’s biometric iris data without obtaining parental consent. The court ordered Worldcoin to delete all biometric data collected from a 17-year-old minor without her consent. The case stemmed from a constitutional action alleging that the companies unlawfully scanned the minor's iris, violating her constitutional rights to privacy, physical and mental integrity, and property. The court found...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 March 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Pacific Alliance-Singapore Free Trade Agreement", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2025/05/Free-Trade-Agreement-between-Singapore-and-the-Pacific-Alliance-enters-into-force", "description": "On 3 May 2025, the Pacific Alliance and Singapore Free Trade Agreement (PASFTA) entered into force for Singapore, Chile, and Peru. The PASFTA has not yet entered into force for Mexico and Colombia because both countries are still completing their domestic ratification procedures. Under Chapter 13, Article 13.14 of the agreement, each Party is required to permit the cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, including personal data, when necessary for the business activities of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "National Economic Prosecutor's Office investigation into Meta Platforms and WhatsApp over potential anticompetitive conduct linked to privacy update", "url": "https://www.fne.gob.cl/fne-archiva-investigacion-sobre-actualizacion-de-terminos-y-condiciones-y-politicas-de-privacidad-de-whatsapp", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the National Economic Prosecutor’s Office (FNE) in Santiago, Chile, issued Resolution No. 249, ordering the closure of Investigation Roll No. 2660-21 concerning Facebook, Inc., now Meta Platforms, Inc., and WhatsApp LLC, following a complaint lodged on 4 May 2021 regarding potential anticompetitive conduct linked to the May 2021 update of WhatsApp’s Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. The investigation examined whether the update, which introduced new optional busin...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Cruz v. Manzano y Asociados", "url": "/documents/1473/Causa_rol_C-6127-2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Concepción. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found all jurisprudence citations in the plaintiff's filing (folio 14) to be manifestly false or non-existent and lacking correlation with the purported decisions; used to mislead the court. Outcome: Monetary Sanction.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Concepción", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Cruz v. Manzano y Asociados", "url": "/documents/1473/Causa_rol_C-6127-2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found all jurisprudence citations in the plaintiff's filing (folio 14) to be manifestly false or non-existent and lacking correlation with the purported decisions; used to mislead the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Concepción", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "1 October 2021", "title": "Chile published its first National Policy and Action Plan on AI", "url": "", "description": "Chile published its first National Policy and Action Plan on AI. The country's former Minister of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation Andrés Couve explained the policy is built on the following: · Development of enabling factors · Use and development of AI technology · Ethics and safety aspects", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cruz v. Manzano y Asociados", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1473/Causa_rol_C-6127-2025.pdf", "date": "21 January 2026", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 19, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "152" }, { "id": "UG", "title": "Uganda", "entries": [ { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office investigation into Google LLC for alleged violations of the Data Protection and Privacy Act", "url": "", "description": "On 18 July 2025, Uganda’s Personal Data Protection Office (PDPO) issued a ruling against Google LLC for violation of the Data Protection and Privacy Act. The ruling highlighted that Google failed to register as a data controller, collector, and processor, and ordered Google to register with the PDPO and appoint a Data Protection Officer within 30 days. The ruling further mentioned that Google transferred personal data of Ugandan citizens outside Uganda without demonstrating adequate safeguard...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "The Republic of Uganda v Tugume Abubakar", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1679/Uganda_v._Tugume_Uganda.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel for the Respondent cited 'Uganda Revenue Authority v Wanume David – HCCA No. 5 of 2019', which the Court was unable to find and thus suspected to be fictitious or AI-generated; Court cautioned counsel. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "800" }, { "id": "KR", "title": "South Korea", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-08-18", "title": "Korean Fair Trade Commission investigation into Coupang for abuse of dominance", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=9254", "description": "On 18 August 2021, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) issued a fine of 3.29 billion won ($2.8 million) on Coupang, a Korean e-commerce marketplace for several violations of antitrust laws. Specifically, Coupang violated the Fair Trade Act as well as the Act on Fair Transactions in Large Retail Business by forcing suppliers to sell their goods for low prices on Coupang while raising prices on rival e-commerce platforms, coercing suppliers to buy advertisements on the Coupang site and in g...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-19", "title": "PIPC guidance on account information theft when online shopping", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardList.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000", "description": "On 19 January 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission published a guideline on simple measures consumers can take to minimize the risk of account information theft, specifically through credential stuffing, when online shopping. To this end, the PIPC warns users against reusing passwords and recommends the activation of two-factor authentication (2FA) through SMS, email, or biometric sensor.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-26", "title": "Korea Fair Trade Commission investigation into AMD-Xilinx Merger", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/solution/skin/doc.html?fn=4e353e59a54bf2f3f688b60a0f1b7bf8ba39153870cd1f3c6e1c4b6002003ea5&rs=/fileupload/data/result/BBSMSTR_000000002402/", "description": "On 26 February 2021, the Korea Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) approved the AMD-Xilinx merger. The KFTC determined that the merger would unlikely cause anticompetitive effects due to differences in parties' businesses, lack of direct competition, and the existence of other dominant players such as Intel. AMD is the second largest producer of central processing units, while Xilinx is the world's biggest producer of Field Programmable Gate Arrays.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-07", "title": "Establishment of Platform Policy Council", "url": "https://doc.msit.go.kr/SynapDocViewServer/viewer/doc.html?key=579c567e57ae4008a692532ea25f9a5a&convType=html&convLocale=ko_KR&contextPath=/SynapDocViewServer/", "description": "On 6 July 2022, the Ministry of Science and ICT of South Korea announced the establishment of the Platform Policy Council for developing and drafting policies regulating the platform market and supporting innovation. The Council would allow for inter-departmental consultations and enable all government departments to respond to proposals regarding the platform market. The Council would collaborate with self-regulatory organisations from the private sector to establish uniform regulations.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-31", "title": "Guidance on AI Personal Information Protection", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=7451#LINK", "description": "The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Personal Information Protection Self-Checklist is adopted by the Personal Information Protection Committee on 31 May 2021. The self-checklist is aiming to enhance awareness of persons participating in AI development and operation and can be seen as a guideline. Referring to the personal information protection principles in the Personal Information Protection Act, the privacy by design principle as well as ethical standards, the PIPC outlines the six main princ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-05", "title": "Korean implementation of Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&nttId=7998&mCode=C020010000", "description": "On 2 May 2022, the Republic of Korea's Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a statement announcing that domestic and foreign companies can demonstrate their level of international data protection towards users through a certification system, without having to register or work with an institution. Certifications will be given from 3 May 2022 for the Asia Pacific region. \nThe certification mechanism is the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum, announced on 21 April...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-14", "title": "Artificial intelligence regulatory standards in Korea-Singapore Digital Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/Content-and-News/Press-Releases-and-Speeches/Press-Releases/2023/The-Korea-Singapore-Digital-Partnership-Agreement-Enters-into-force", "description": "On 14 January 2023, the Digital Partnership Agreement, signed by the Government of Korea and Singapore on 21 November 2022, enters into force with a grace period. The Agreement seeks to deepen cooperation in the digital economy between both countries by establishing digital trade rules that promote interoperability between digital systems. The Agreement provides that both countries will facilitate cross-border opportunities for business innovation and promote the adoption of AI governance and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-01", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission 2023 strategy for enforcing Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8550", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) published it 2023 strategy for enforcing Personal Information Protection Act entitled \"Directorate for Promoting Personal Information Protection Investigations for 2023\". The PIPC stated that a Division for the Supervision of Investigations and an Investigation Division had been established in order to create a digital ecosystem that guarantees the rights of data subjects. The Commission plans to implement preventive co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-12", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding on Artificial Intelligence between Korea-Singapore", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/05/Press-Release-on-Korea-Singapore-Digital-Economy-Dialogue", "description": "On 6 December 2022, the Ministry of Science and ICT of the Republic of Korea and the Ministry of Communications and Information of Singapore signed a “Memorandum of Understanding on Artificial Intelligence” (MoU) implementing the Korea-Singapore Digital Partnership Agreement. The parties agreed under the MoU to work on setting standards in the “AI ecosystem” to enable AI's ethical and responsible use. The MoU seeks to allow the exchange of AI technologies and expertise on responsible AI use b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-02", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Meta Platforms", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?mCode=C020010000", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a KRW 6.6 million fine to Meta Platforms over violations of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). In particular, the PIPC stated that Meta conditioned the access to its services, Facebook and Instagram, requiring users to consent to the collection of behavioural data in order to use the services. Meta collected the users' online activity information that provides information regarding their interests, p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-02", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission Investigation into Kakao Mobility Corp. for Alleged Violations of Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156551638", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closed its investigation into Kakao Mobility Corp. and issued a fine of KRW 6 million for its violations of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). PIPC opened the investigation on 17 October 2022. Kakao Mobility Corp. had forced users of its Kakao T app to consent to the transfer of personal information to a third party. For users that rejected this requirement, the taxi service was refused. By prohibiti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-22", "title": "Safer Protection of Personal Information in the Order Delivery Field", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8641", "description": "On 22 February 2022, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea adopted a voluntary self-regulatory code which should aid the protection of personal information in the field of order delivery platforms. The public-private partnership which established this code consisted of 13 order delivery platform companies that make up more than 90% of the market in the Republic of Korea, as well as the Korean Internet Business Association and the Delivery Service Mutua...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-22", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission Investigation into Mukkebi for Unlawful Collection and Storage of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8641", "description": "On 22 February, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea issued a ruling following its investigation into the food delivery platform Mukkebi for the unlawful collection and storage of personal information. Specifically, Mukkebi was given a fine of KRW 10.8 million (around USD 9.8 million) as well as several corrective measures. This is due to the fact that Mukkebi did not keep personal information received from its delivery service separate from other per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-15", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Law No. 19234)", "url": "http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_M2G2Z1U1I2C3V1E3N4W8K5I4J2L5W6", "description": "On 15 September 2023, Law No. 19234, amending the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), was implemented. The Law established the conditions under which data transfers outside the Republic of Korea (ROK) are allowed. In particular, the Law allows data transfers if a country or international organisation has similar levels of data protection as the ROK, if a country has an international agreement in data transfer with the ROK, if the overseas recipient organisation has obtained data prote...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-20", "title": "Amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act on the use of artificial intelligence (Bill No 2120130)", "url": "http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_A2Z3Y0H2D1C5L0K9H5E5N0M6L0K9S0", "description": "On 20 February 2023, Bill number 2120130 on amending the Republic of Korea (ROK)'s Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) was introduced in the National Assembly, focusing on strengthening the regulation regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) services such as ChatGPT. The Bill would expand the scope of PIPA to regulate personal data breaches involving AI systems. Under the Bill, the Personal Information Protection Commission would oversee and analyse the AI systems in the case ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-02-12", "title": "Amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act on data protection after death (Bill No 2118636)", "url": "http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_Q2K2F1K1J2S8M1L7X0M6W5M3N4W2Z6", "description": "On 2 December 2022, Bill number 2118636 was introduced in the Republic of Korea (ROK) National Assembly proposing to amend the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). The Bill aims to expand the scope of PIPA and provide a definition for the data of a deceased person. Furthermore, the Bill aims to allow the deceased person's legal representative or family member to require the deletion of the data and allow them to consent to how the data would be used.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-01", "title": "Data protection regulation in Cloud Computing Act Amendment", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%8C%85%EB%B0%9C%EC%A0%84%EB%B0%8F%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EC%97%90%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0", "description": "On 12 January 2023, the amendment to the “Act on the Development of Cloud Computing and Protection of its Users” (Cloud Computing Act) entered into force. Under the Act, cloud computing service providers will be prohibited from disclosing user information to a third party or using it for purposes other than for which the user has granted its consent.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-15", "title": "Data protection measures in Bill amending Personal Information Protection Act (Law No. 19234)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsId=011468&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 15 March 2024, Law No. 19234 amending the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) outlining data subject rights is implemented. In particular, the Law establishes the right to data portability, allowing individuals to request to transmit information to themselves or a third party. Furthermore, the Law gives individuals the right to refuse automated decision-making using their personal data and request information regarding the system employed. The data subject's rights regarding automat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-22", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission Children's Digital Right to be Forgotten Pilot Project", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10178#LINK", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of Korea announced the implementation of the \"Eraser Service\". The initiative was launched in April of the previous year and has successfully processed over 16'000 cases. The service assists individuals in removing or making unsearchable online content that includes their personal information. Initially, it was available to those under 24, but it has since been expanded to individuals under 30. In order to qualify for the s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-04", "title": "PIPC investigation into Millie's Study Co., Ltd. for alleged breach of the Personal Information Act", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156562339", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Millie's Study Co., Ltd and imposed a fine of KRW 684 million and penalties of KRW 20 million for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. In particular, the PIPC found that Millie's Study Co., Ltd. violated the data security requirements by failing to implement online safety measures such as firewalls or the encryption of unique identification information, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-12", "title": "Content moderation requirement in amendment to Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsSc.do?menuId=1&subMenuId=15&tabMenuId=81&query=%EC%A0%84%EA%B8%B0%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85%EB%B2%95#undefined", "description": "On 10 December 2020, the Telecommunications Business Act amendment was signed into Law. The amendment requires online intermediaries to take technical measures to prevent the circulation of illegally filmed materials. For violations, the amended penalties comprise up to three years of imprisonment with labor or a fine of KRW 100 million.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-05", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) Investigation of Non-face-to-face Medical Platforms", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8842", "description": "On 10 May 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a ruling in its investigation of a number of non-face-to-face medical platforms including Gooddoc, Dr.Now, My Own Doctor, Ola Care, and Ddokdak. The investigation found that no medical information was stored directly on the platforms. Further, medical information was not used for targeted advertising. Nevertheless, violations of the Personal Information Protection Act were found in the processing of users' per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-15", "title": "Amendment of Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10566#LINK", "description": "On 15 September 2024, Article 17(1) of the amended Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) entered into force. The subsection sets out the conditions that must be met in order for consent to be collected freely, including the ability for the data subject to make a free decision, the presence of specific and clear consent, legible and understandable content of the consent, and the ability to clearly indicate consent. Other parts of the amended Enforcement Decree we...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-24", "title": "PIPC investigation into T Map Mobility compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8878#LINK", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued its ruling in the investigation into T Map Mobility's compliance with Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). The PIPC stated that T Map Mobility violated the security measures requirements of PIPA by failing to implement safety measures to safeguard the data stored, and due to a source code setting error, the personal information of 4'000 people was leaked. Further, T Map Mobility failed to comply with no...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-31", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) Discussion Group on the Safe Use of Biometric Information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8925#LINK", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) initiated discussions and established a research group focused on the safe use of biometric information. According to the PIPC, biometric data, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, are increasingly utilised for various functions, including smartphone unlocking, access screening, and voiced-based AI. However, the PIPC is also concerned about the potential misuse, abuse, or unauthorised disclosure of biometric d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-06-28", "title": "KCC investigation into child safety app providers", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=awtbZ5n0cjuelbZ_O_1tx866rfGaWclo6fwnWgYK.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=55902", "description": "On 28 June 2023, the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) plenary meeting was held. It addressed corrective measures for child safety app providers, aiming to strengthen the protection of children's rights. Providers, including Google Korea, were found to have failed in obtaining consent from children under 14 or notifying them about sharing personal location information with legal guardians. Consequently, the KCC issued corrective orders and fines amounting to KWN 16.5 million. Similar vio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-08-07", "title": "Guideline on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Financial Services", "url": "https://www.fsc.go.kr/eng/pr010101/76209", "description": "On 8 July 2021, the Financial Services Commission (FSC) announced a guideline on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial services to enhance public trust in AI-based financial offerings and foster innovation in the financial industry. The guideline outlines minimum standards that all financial institutions using AI technologies for customer-oriented services must follow. The key aspects of the guideline include establishing internal control mechanisms for ethical AI adoption, dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-26", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into OpenAI compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9055#LINK", "description": "On 26 July 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of Korea announced it had fined OpenAI, ChatGPT operator, KRW 3.6 million for violating data breach reporting requirements outlined in the Personal Information Protection Act. The PIPC stated that the names, e-mail addresses, credit card details and other personal information of 687 Korean users of ChatGPT Plus were leaked, and OpenAI failed to report the incident within 24 hours. Furthermore, the PIPC issued recommendatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Meta and Instagram for alleged illegal data collection and processing", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9847#LINK", "description": "On 11 January 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closed its investigation into Meta and Instagram after confirming it had completed corrective measures in response to the PIPC resolution in 2023, which had found it collected third-party behavioural information of users for advertising purposes without obtaining their informed consent. After a three-month correction period, the PIPC confirmed that Meta had changed the default value of the source code related to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-16", "title": "Regulations on Overseas Transfer of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9233#LINK", "description": "On 16 October 2023, the regulations on the overseas transfer of personal information came into effect. The regulations outline details related to the overseas transfer expert committee, criteria for cross-border data transfer requirements and information concerning the suspension order for transfers. The Regulations establish the procedures for the overseas transfer expert committee, a body responsible for evaluating aspects of the overseas transfer of personal information. It also provides ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-17", "title": "National my data innovation promotion strategy", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9105#LINK", "description": "On 17 August 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the national my data innovation promotion strategy. The initiative aims to address the passive role individuals often play in managing their personal data by introducing the MyData system. This system, implemented as part of the amended Personal Information Protection Act of March 2023, enables individuals to control and use their personal information for desired services. Overall, the strategy sets out to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Partial Amendment to Personal Information Protection Committee Organization Enforcement Rules", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=269603&lsId=013827&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsInfoP&viewCls=lsInfoP&efYd=20250304&vSct=*&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Prime Minister adopted the Partial Amendment to the Personal Information Protection Committee Organization Enforcement Rules (Prime Minister's Decree No. 2026), with immediate effect. The amendment introduces a temporary staffing system within the Personal Information Protection Committee to enhance the investigation of personal information breach incidents. This system, as outlined in Appendix 3, will be in effect until 31 December 2025, and is established under Article ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-22", "title": "PIPC Standards for ensuring the safety of personal information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9200#LINK", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) adopted revisions to the standards for ensuring the safety of personal information. The measures come into force on the same day. The standard includes measures related to personal information processing, impacting both personal information processors and information and communication service providers. It consolidates similar and different provisions from general regulations and special regulations into the general re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "Personal Information Protection Act and Enforcement Decree Amendment Guide", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9210#LINK", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closed a consultation on the Personal Information Protection Act and Enforcement Decree Amendment Guide. The guide aims to clarify the amended Personal Information Protection Act’s obligations that will enter into force on 15 September 2024. The guide outlines the requirements regarding the collection, including new conditions for obtaining consent, use, and granting access. The final guide is set to be published in De...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-27", "title": "MyData Transmission Security Guide", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS217&mCode=D010030000&nttId=9212#LINK", "description": "On 27 September 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the \"MyData Transmission Security Guide\". The Guide concerns the security of personal data transfers based on MyData, which pertains to the right to data portability established in the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). They are primarily aimed at information providers, information recipients, and other entities handling personal data within the MyData service framework. The Guide outlines meas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-15", "title": "Data subject rights regarding automated decisions in Personal Information Protection Act Enforcement Decree (Presidential Decree No. 34309)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EB%B2%95%EC%8B%9C%ED%96%89%EB%A0%B9", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Personal Information Protection Act Enforcement Decree (Presidential Decree No. 34309), establishing data subject rights regarding automated decisions under the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), entered into force. Under Law No. 19234 amending PIPA, individuals have the right to refuse automated decision-making using their personal data and request information regarding the system employed. The decree specifies the procedures for handling automated decisions an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-23", "title": "PIPC investigation into Backpacker regarding violation of safety measures under the Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9558#LINK", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a decision on the investigation of Backpacker for violation of Article 29 of the Personal Information Protection Act. The PIPC found that the company failed to take the necessary security measures, which led to a hacking incident that resulted in the theft of a user's personal information. The incident was due to a lack of vigilance against SQL injection attacks. Backpacker was fined a total of KRW 227.89 millio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-01", "title": "PIPC Investigation into Mobile Apps regarding Vulnerabilities in Personal Data Processing", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9849#LINK", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea published the results of its investigation into three major vulnerabilities in mobile applications, dark patterns, overseas transfers, and the protection of children's and adolescents' personal information. The investigation found 11 types of dark patterns related to personal information protection, including comprehensive consent, pre-set marketing information provision and difficulty in managi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-23", "title": "PIPC Review of Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=9939", "description": "On 23 March 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closed its public consultation on the review of the appropriateness of regulations related to the Personal Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). The regulations under review included the Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act, Contents and Method of Disclosure of Personal Information Processing Policy and Designation criteria and procedures, and matters related to certification assessment pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-07", "title": "Fair Trade Commission market inquiry into e-commerce sector", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=10701", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the South Korean Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) announced the completion of the first phase of the e-commerce market survey and the initiation of the second phase, a written survey targeting 40 major brands in the shopping sector. This initiative aligns with the KFTC's action plan to identify and analyse fair trade and consumer issues stemming from changes in market structures within new technology markets, including the e-commerce and artificial intelligence (AI) sectors. The ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "Amendment to Enforcement Decree of the Information and Communications Network Act", "url": "https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=61003", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Korea Communications Commission announced the preparation of an amendment to the Enforcement Decree of the Information and Communications Network Act. This amendment aims to address the 'blind spots' in blocking access to illegal sites by clarifying the scope of information and communications service providers that install and operate servers for temporary storage of data in the country and the necessary measures to prevent the distribution of illegal information. Specif...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "PIPC Amendment to the Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act for MyData Promotion", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11053#LINK", "description": "On 12 March 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced the full implementation of South Korea's MyData system, following its introduction through an amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act in March 2023. The MyData system grants individuals the right to request the transfer of their personal data from holders to themselves or third-party service providers. The system initially applies to the medical, communications, and energy sectors, with a phased exp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "PIPC Investigation into Yanolja F&B Solutions Co. for alleged violations of personal information protection regulations", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10111", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) conducted its 7th plenary session, where it resolved to impose sanctions on six businesses for failing to adhere to the Personal Information Protection Act. Yanolja F&B Solutions Co. faced penalties worth KRW 4.5 million and fines worth KRW 30.91 million for allegedly failing to protect customer data associated with the “Dodo Points” service. By erroneously configuring a cloud data storage system to allow public access, t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Synthetic Data Generation Reference Model for ML and AI Development", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10193", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee of the Republic of Korea (PIPC) announced the establishment of five types of synthetic data generation reference models aimed at aiding private researchers and companies in the generation and utilisation of synthetic data for machine learning and artificial intelligence development. This initiative, designed to facilitate the safe creation of synthetic data without the legal constraints associated with personal information, encompa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-31", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT in the Republic of Korea inquiry into AI regulation", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184589&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT in the Republic of Korea (MSIT) closes the consultation on artificial intelligence (AI) regulation. The inquiry, as part of the broader \"New Digital Order Establishment Plan\", aims to gather information to ensure the development of safe and trustworthy artificial intelligence. The consultation will feature a public vote and a policy idea contest hosted on the digital public forum. In particular, the consultation intends to collect data on the o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-13", "title": "PIPC investigation into SKT to assess compliance with personal information protection regulations", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10249#LINK", "description": "On 13 June 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) issued its ruling in the investigation into SKT. SKT is an AI application service provider. The investigation aimed to assess its compliance with personal information protection regulations. The SKT's Adot service, which provides call recording, summary, and real-time interpretation, was found lacking in access record storage for text files. The PIPC required SKT to implement better safety measures and clarify user informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission note on expansion of measures to ensure the safety of personal information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10264", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a note on the measures to ensure personal information security expanded to all personal information handlers. The PIPC noted that from 15 September 2024, it will enforce enhanced security measures for all personal information processors. The initiative follows the revision of the Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act and the standards for ensuring the security of personal information, aiming...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-20", "title": "Data protection regulation in Amended Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information (Law No. 18517)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%98%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%8F%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%93%B1%EC%97%90%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0", "description": "On 20 April 2022, the Amended Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information, including data protection regulation, was implemented. Under the Amended Act, location information providers are required, prior to collecting such information, to obtain consent from the data subject both for the collection and to the providers' terms and conditions. Further, providers must disclose a detailed privacy policy following the requirements of the Personal Information Protection Act. Providers are...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "PIPC Standards for processing public data used in AI development and services", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10362#LINK", "description": "On 17 July 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) published standards for processing public data used in artificial intelligence (AI) development and services. The Standards aim to ensure that public data for AI development is processed legally and safely within the existing personal information regulatory framework. Public data, which is legally accessible by anyone on the internet, serves as training data for developing generative AI. This data may include personal info...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-24", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Aliexpress data collection and transfer practices' compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10386", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission of South Korea (PIPC) concluded its investigation into Alibaba Singapore E-Commerce Private Limited, operating as AliExpress, for violating the Personal Information Protection Act. The PIPC imposed a fine of KRW 1’977’800’000 and a penalty of KRW 7’800’000, alongside orders for corrective measures and recommendations for improvement. The investigation was opened following concerns over the privacy risks associated with the surge ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-08", "title": "KFTC inquiry into competition in the AI market", "url": "http://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=10747", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Korean Fair Trade Commission announced it would examine the domestic generative AI market to identify potential competition and consumer issues through a fact-finding survey. The survey focuses on 50 major domestic and foreign businesses that develop and sell AI-related products and services, including foundation models, to domestic customers. The examination aims to ensure continued innovation and fair competition in the AI market, as well as enhance predictability for ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-30", "title": "Regulations on the Establishment and Operation of the National Artificial Intelligence Committee", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184786&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the Regulations on the Establishment and Operation of the National Artificial Intelligence Committee were adopted by the State Council of Korea. The Regulation applies to all sectors involved in artificial intelligence (AI) and related technologies, including AI research and development, infrastructure providers, and technology firms. The Regulation mandates the creation of a National Artificial Intelligence Committee, chaired by a President and comprising up to 45 members fr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-26", "title": "PIPC Guide on data subject's rights concerning automated decision making", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10611#LINK", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission of Korea adopted a guide clarifying the rights of data subjects regarding automated decision-making by institutions using AI. The guide sets out what constitutes automatic decisions and contains guidance for organisations regarding the additional steps they should take to provide transparency in automated decisions, including publishing decision-making criteria and procedures on their websites. The guide also sets out that i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-06", "title": "NCSA-KISA Memorandum of Understanding on collaboration in cybersecurity", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/ncsa-and-korea-internet-security-agency-sign-mou-on-cybersecurity-collaboration-2/", "description": "On 5 June 2024, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) of Rwanda signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) during the 2024 Korea-Africa Summit on collaboration in cybersecurity. The MoU seeks to enhance collaboration in several areas, including cyber incident response, research and development (R&D), education and training, as well as policy and standards development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-23", "title": "PIPC investigation into e-commerce platforms's alleged data protection violations", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10701", "description": "On 24 October 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a ruling in an investigation into two e-commerce businesses. The PIPC determined that Neopharm and Ilhak failed to protect personal information under the Personal Information Protection Act and imposed fines and penalty surcharges totalling KRW 123.17 million. Neopharm received a fine of KRW 151.7 million for allowing unauthorised access to the personal information of 293,723 members, while Ilhak was fined KRW 18...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-11", "title": "PIPC approved self-regulatory code in online platform recruitment sector", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10727#LINK", "description": "On 4 November 2024, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the public-private partnership self-regulatory code in the online platform recruitment sector. The code aims to improve the data protection standards for recruitment platforms. The code applies to the recruitment platform sector, including talent search, job posting, recruitment agency, and recruitment management services. The code mandates the implementation of secure authentication requiring mobile o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "title": "PIPC amendment to Personal Information Protection Act relating to enforcement procedures", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=10860", "description": "On 23 December 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes its consultation on a proposed amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) concerning enforcement procedures. The amendment supports the implementation of a previous amendment on 14 March 2023, which introduced individuals' right to request the transfer of their personal data. The amendment aligns data transfer notifications with existing requirements for data usage and disclosure, ensuring data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "PIPC guidelines on transmission of personal information in the telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=10883#LINK", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission of the Republic of Korea (PIPC) closes the consultation on the proposed guidelines for the transmission of personal information in the telecommunications sector. The guidelines are derived from the Personal Information Protection Act and establish the criteria for individuals to request the transfer of their personal information, including customer, subscription, usage, billing and payment details. The objective of the guideli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "California Privacy Protection Agency and Korean Personal Information Protection Commission declaration of cooperation on personal information and privacy", "url": "https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250113.html", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) and the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) signed a declaration of cooperation to collaborate on the shared aims of safeguarding personal information and advancing privacy. The declaration allows the authorities to share best practices, knowledge, and information, including materials related to investigations. It also allows them to share annual enforcement plans, facilitate staff meetings, and develop m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-23", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Kakao Pay, Apple and Alipay over alleged unauthorised personal information transfer", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10955", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) fined Kakao Pay and Apple a combined KRW 8.3752 billion for unauthorised overseas transfer of personal data. Kakao Pay was fined KRW 5.968 billion for transferring data of approximately 40 million users to Alipay without consent to develop NSF scores (used to predict insufficient funds for payments). This included data of non-Apple users, violating the Personal Information Protection Act. Apple was fined KRW 2.45 billio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-23", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Google and Meta over alleged online behavioural tracking without user consent", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10960", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Seoul Administrative Court dismissed lawsuits filed by Google and Meta seeking to overturn fines and corrective orders imposed by South Korea's Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC). In 2022, the PIPC fined Google KRW 69.2 billion and Meta KRW 30.8 billion (totalling KRW 100 billion) for collecting and using users’ behavioural data for targeted advertising without obtaining proper consent. Google and Meta argued that website or app operators, not platform p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission adequacy review of face payment service under Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10954", "description": "On 22 January 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) clarified that Toss's “Face Pass” service had not undergone a preliminary adequacy review. This service, which automates ID verification at event venues to prevent scalping, differs from Toss's Face Payment service, which was approved through the review process in March 2024 for facilitating offline purchases via facial recognition. The PIPC encouraged businesses with compliance uncertainties to utilise the Preliminary ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-27", "title": "Personal Information Protection Committee investigation into DeepSeek's data processing practices compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11639#LINK", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued an investigation finding during the final review of the 2025 Proactive Administration Best Case Competition. The finding concerned the personal information processing practices of the Chinese generative AI service DeepSeek. The PIPC noted that, immediately after DeepSeek’s launch in January 2025 and amid wider global attention to personal information risks, it established direct contact with the company’s headqu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Sectanaine Ltd. over alleged data breach from credential stuffing attack", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10999", "description": "On 12 February 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission issued a ruling against Sectanine Ltd. with a penalty of KRW 14.77 billion and a fine of KRW 7.2 million for violations of personal data protection laws. The ruling applies to two data breaches in 2022 and 2023, affecting over 17,000 individuals. Sectanine is a computer system design company that operates the 'Happy Point' membership service, which was the platform affected by the data breaches. The personal data of users who...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-12", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into enhancing security of auto-login services in web browsers", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11670#LINK", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) concluded the review assessing the implementation of improvement recommendations issued to social login providers used by over 500’000 domestic websites in February 2025. The providers were required to strengthen personal data destruction, including improved unlinking, account deletion notifications, and token revocation practices. The review assessed the follow-up actions by the social login providers, including Naver...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "Testing requirement in Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=e9SRiCZ2O759ZdXsb_b87-TJy1Ykr8eE1eWz_3Yz.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=65685", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services enter into force. The guidelines require AI service providers to implement measures ensuring user rights and personal data protection, transparency in AI decision-making, and the fair and safe operation of AI systems. Providers must prevent bias and discrimination, manage data collection responsibly, and clearly inform users about AI-generated content. They m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into collection and use of personal information by robot vacuum cleaners", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11026", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced an investigation focusing on the collection and use of personal data by robot vacuum cleaners on the market. The PIPC aims to verify compliance with the Personal Information Protection Act, particularly assessing video and voice data processing practices of major brands such as Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, and Xiaomi.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-13", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Meta's alleged sharing of data with third parties without consent", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11061#LINK", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea dismissed Meta's legal challenge against the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC). Meta sought to revoke a KRW 6.7 billion fine and associated corrective order for allegedly sharing the personal data of approximately 3.3 million South Korean Facebook users with around 10,000 external app operators without consent. This dismissal upholds the PIPC's 2020 decision. Consequently, Meta is mandated to comply with the correcti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Kakao Corp.'s artificial intelligence service Kanana", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11057", "description": "On 12 March 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued an assessment of Kakao Corp.'s artificial intelligence service, \"Kanana,\" following an investigation into its implementation. The assessment reviewed the service’s compliance with data protection regulations, focusing on safety measures, data processing protocols, and internal management systems. Kakao Corp. seeks to prevent personal data breaches through its proprietary AI model and collaboration with OpenAI, aimi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-13", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Modutour Network for alleged personal information leaks", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11056", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a fine of KRW 757.2 million on Modutour Network Co. Ltd. (Modutour) for leaks of personal information in violation of the Personal Information Protection Act. The penalty follows an investigation into a June 2024 cyberattack, in which an unidentified hacker exploited a file upload vulnerability on Modutour’s website to install web shell files, enabling the extraction of personal data from approximately 3.06 million...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-31", "title": "Partial amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act, including strengthening domestic representative system for overseas personal data controllers (No. 2207854)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_B2B5X0W1W1U0V1U1U0C0C4B1Z5A1Y3", "description": "On 31 January 2025, South Korea’s National Assembly advanced a partial amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act, aimed at strengthening the domestic representative system for overseas personal data controllers. The amendment applies to foreign data controllers without a Korean address or office, especially those operating in e-commerce, by requiring them to designate and actively supervise a domestic representative, with a preference for an existing Korean subsidiary or affiliated...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-17", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen pseudonymised data centres for Artificial Intelligence advancement", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11127#LINK", "description": "On 17 April 2025, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding with six local governments and their respective support centre operators to strengthen regional pseudonymised data use in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The agreement applies to regional centres that support the processing of locally accumulated data, including health, education, transport, and environment, for trusted AI-driven applications. It sets out enhance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-28", "title": "Supreme Court's Judicial Artificial Intelligence Committee", "url": "https://www.scourt.go.kr/portal/news/NewsViewAction.work?pageIndex=1&searchWord=&searchOption=&seqnum=2798&gubun=6", "description": "On 28 April 2025, the Supreme Court of South Korea launched the Judiciary Artificial Intelligence (AI) Committee as an advisory body to guide the adoption of AI technologies in judicial services. The initiative applies to developers and providers of AI tools relevant to court processes, including large language models and legal technology services. The Committee will oversee the direction and priorities of AI integration within the judiciary and review ongoing development projects and roadmap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-14", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Temu for alleged violations of data protection law", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11200", "description": "On 14 May 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) imposed a fine of KRW 1.369 billion on the e-commerce platform Temu for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. The PIPC found that Temu had transferred personal data abroad without notifying users and had failed to appoint a domestic agent as required by law. Additional penalties were imposed due to the complexity of Temu’s membership withdrawal process and the improper handling of resident registration numb...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-14", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission inquiry on data protection practices for Artificial Intelligence Digital Textbooks", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11198", "description": "On 14 May 2025, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) released the findings of a preliminary inspection into the personal data practices of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Digital Textbooks (AIDTs) focusing on Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS). The inspection applied to education technology providers using AI-powered textbooks, which process students' learning data to customise content. The inspection identified shortcomings in legal basis, transp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-12", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Meta for alleged unlawful collection and use of sensitive user data", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11670#LINK", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) concluded the review of Meta's compliance with the order issued over the breach of the Personal Information Protection Act. In November 2024, the PIPC's investigation determined that Meta collected and utilised sensitive data without lawful consent, providing advertisers with insights into users' religious beliefs, political views, and sexual orientation, due to which Meta was fined KRW 21.6 billion. The PIPC confirmed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-06", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission and Internet and Security Agency implementation framework of Global Cross-Border Policy Rules certification", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11253", "description": "On 2 June 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission and the Korea Internet and Security Agency announced the implementation framework of the Global Cross-Border Policy Rules certification. The certification is intended to support the secure exchange of personal information between jurisdictions and promote adherence to recognised privacy management standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-28", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission assessment of Meta's celebrity impersonation blocking service", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11238#LINK", "description": "On 28 May 2025, Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) approved Meta’s preliminary adequacy review for a facial recognition-based service aimed at detecting and blocking celebrity impersonation in advertisements and accounts. The service targets fraudulent content exploiting deepfakes and similar technologies. With a celebrity’s consent, Meta registers and stores their facial features. These are then used to compare with images in flagged ads or accounts to identify imperso...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-07", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission amended Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11247", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission closes the public consultation on the amended Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act. The proposed amendments aim to clarify requirements for designating domestic agents for overseas business operators. Specifically, they detail the requirements for domestic corporations over which a foreign business operator exerts dominant influence, such as appointing the chief executive officer or over 50% of executives,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Yes24's compliance with Personal Information Protection Act following personal data breach", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11271#LINK", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea announced an investigation into a personal data breach at Yes24 Co. The data breach followed a ransomware attack detected on 9 June 2025, prompting the company to file a data breach notification on the morning of 11 June. The investigation aims to determine the circumstances and scale of the data breach at Yes24 and assess the company's compliance with security measures stipulated under the Persona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Salesforce over potential personal data protection vulnerabilities", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11268#LINK", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced a fact-finding procedure regarding potential personal data protection vulnerabilities associated with Salesforce. The PIPC commenced verification of related system security and personal data protection measures following recent reports of attempted personal data acquisition targeting Korean companies using Salesforce solutions, including incidents involving voice phishing and malware installation allegedly impers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission Guidance on Privacy Policy Evaluation of 2025", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11275", "description": "On 11 June 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) deliberated and approved the 2025 Personal Information Processing Policy Evaluation Plan (draft). The 2025 Plan updates the previous year's guidance. Amendments include the introduction of public participation, with a user evaluation group contributing 40% to the score alongside the expert group's 60%. For 2025, 50 services across seven new technology fields, including connected cars and generative artificial intelligence,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-12", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Amazon Web Services, Azure, and Naver Cloud Platform over Personal Information Protection Act compliance", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11670#LINK", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) concluded the review into cloud service providers, including Amazon Web Services, Azure, and Naver Cloud Platform. In June 2025, the PIPC assessed the services to test compliance with the Personal Information Protection Act and found that key security features required manual configuration and paid add-ons across the providers. The PIPC noted gaps in default log retention and access controls and recommended clearer gui...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Special Law for the Promotion of the Artificial Intelligence Industry (Bill No. 2210957)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_J2R5R0P6O1P9N0N8V4W8U5V1T4U6S9", "description": "On 20 June 2025, the Special Law for the Promotion of the Artificial Intelligence Industry (Bill No. 2210957) was submitted to the 22nd National Assembly in the Republic of Korea. The Bill aims to support the artificial intelligence (AI) industry to secure AI sovereignty, strengthen national competitiveness, and contribute to national economic development. The Bill proposes several measures to promote and support the industry. These include establishing a basis for strategic planning to enhan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Partial Amendment to the Framework Act on Artificial Intelligence Development and Trust Building (Bill No. 2208339)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_X2W5W0U2V1T9U1C7C4B1Z3A7Y0Z6G1", "description": "On 21 February 2025, a partial Amendment to the Basic Act on the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of a Trust-Based Framework (Bill No. 2208339) was introduced to the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. The amendment would require that the national AI master plan, overseen by the Minister of Science and ICT, include provisions on accessibility to AI services. In addition, it would authorise the national and local governments to provide, within budgetary limi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission's integrated guide on personal data processing", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11349#LINK", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) released the integrated guide on personal data processing. The guide consolidates and replaces previous guidance documents, including the “Plain-Language Consent Guide”, the “Outsourcing Guide”, the “Personal Data Protection Measures Guide”, and the “Automated Processing Protection Guidelines”. It systematises amendments introduced by the 2023 full revision of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), incorporating p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Kakao Talk, Naver, Coupang, Baemin, Karrot over data processing practices", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11383", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing privacy protections in large-scale applications following a review of five platforms, Kakao Talk, Naver, Coupang, Baemin, and Karrot. The recommendations address integrated online services such as messaging, shopping, and payments, and focus on practices involving personal data transfers via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and data warehouses. The PIPC advised in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Korean Financial Services Commission source on AI governance (2025)", "url": "https://www.fsc.go.kr/eng/pr010101/85525", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-10-29 for South Korea concerning AI-based anti-phishing sharing and analysis platform. See the linked fsc.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-16", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission's standard on cross-border privacy rules certification", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11390#LINK", "description": "On 16 August 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes the public consultation on the draft standards on Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) certification to support domestic companies in obtaining certification under the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum. The standards apply to Korean companies engaged in cross-border data transfers, particularly those in digital services and data processing sectors. The draft sets out 50 certification criteria based on th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission and Korea Internet and Security Agency inquiry into protection of personal information of children and adolescents", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11392#LINK", "description": "On 29 July 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) and the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) provided an update on the development of the Policy Recommendations for the Protection of Personal Information of Children and Adolescents in the Asia-Pacific Cooperation Region, which has been underway since March 2025. As part of this initiative, the PIPC conducted a survey and literature review in June, targeting 21 member economies of the Asia-Pacific Cooperation Forum,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-08", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission amendment to Notification on Combination and External Transfer of Pseudonymised Data", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11358#LINK", "description": "On 6 August 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes its public consultation, which had been open since 17 July 2025, on the draft partial amendment to the Notification on the Combination and External Transfer of Pseudonymised Data (PIPC Notification No. 2025-52). The proposed amendment was issued pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 35343, which revised the Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act and entered into force on 1 July 2025. The draft ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-08", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission released guidelines for personal information processing for development and utilisation of generative AI", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11410#LINK", "description": "On 6 August 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) released the guidelines for personal information processing for the development and utilisation of generative artificial intelligence (AI). The guidelines provide a framework for lawful and secure personal data use throughout the lifecycle of generative AI. They aim to reduce legal uncertainty and support compliance with the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), offering tailored guidance for each stage of the lifec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-10", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission amended Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act over expansion of data portability right", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11508#LINK", "description": "On 2 October 2025, the amendment to the Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act entered into force. The amendment aims to strengthen the domestic agent system for overseas businesses and expand obligations for local government-funded and -invested institutions. The amendment requires overseas operators with domestic subsidiaries to appoint local representatives responsible for management, annual training, planning, and inspections. The scope of public institutions now in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-09", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 35735 establishing National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Committee", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=273611&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the Presidential Decree No. 35735, promulgating the Regulations on the Establishment and Operation of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Committee, entered into force. The Decree was drafted by the State Council and issued under the seal of the President, with countersignatures by the Prime Minister and the Minister of Science and ICT. The Decree entered into force on the date of promulgation and repealed the prior Regulations on the Establishment and Operation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Design requirements in Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282879&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the President signed the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Creation of a Trust Base (Presidential Decree No. 36053). The Enforcement Decree, as promulgated, does not include elements announced during the drafting stage on 15 January 2025 concerning the establishment of a primary subordinate legislative framework to operationalise national governance measures, industrial development measures, risk prevention mechanisms...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Creation of a Trust Base (Presidential Decree No. 36053)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282879&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Creation of a Trust Base (Presidential Decree No. 36053) entered into force. The Enforcement Decree repeals the Regulations on the Establishment and Operation of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy Committee pursuant to Supplementary Provisions Article 2. The Enforcement Decree establishes transitional governance arrangements pursuant to Supplementary Provisions Article ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Guideline on standards and examples for high-impact AI under Article 33 of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation (AI Basic Act)", "url": "https://nia.or.kr/site/nia_kor/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=99835&bcIdx=28987", "description": "On 29 January 2026, the Ministry of Science and ICT adopted the revised high-impact AI decision guidelines, building on the version released on 22 January 2026 following the entry into force of the Artificial Intelligence Basic Act. The guidelines specify the legal and technical criteria for determining whether an artificial intelligence system constitutes high-impact artificial intelligence under Article 33 of the Act. They establish a structured, two-stage determination methodology that fir...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Guideline on Obligations of High-Impact Artificial Intelligence Providers (Article 34 of the Framework Act on the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and Creation of a Trust Foundation)", "url": "https://nia.or.kr/site/nia_kor/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=99835&bcIdx=28987", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Ministry of Science and ICT released the high-impact artificial intelligence (AI) operator obligations guidelines to support the implementation of Article 34 of the Artificial Intelligence Basic Act. The guidelines elaborate on the statutory responsibilities of operators that provide or use high-impact artificial intelligence products or services. They specify obligations relating to the establishment and operation of risk management measures, explanations of artificia...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into KT Corporation and LG Uplus Corporation over alleged personal data breaches", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11491#LINK", "description": "On 10 September 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced the commencement of an investigation into KT Corporation (KT) and LG Uplus Corporation (LGU+) regarding alleged personal data breaches, following incidents involving unauthorised small-sum payments affecting KT users and reports of hacking activities disclosed by a United States security publication. The PIPC noted that it had previously monitored the situation through media reports, conducted data requests ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into local ordinances over personal information infringement factors", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11500&utm", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced that it is cooperating with Jeollanam-do and Sejong Special Self-Governing City to review a total of 1'793 ordinances (985 in Jeollanam-do and 808 in Sejong) in order to identify and address personal information infringement factors not subject to the assessment scope under the Personal Information Protection Act. Of these, 263 ordinances (115 in Jeollanam-do and 148 in Sejong) involved the processing of per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "Public sector AI ethics principles", "url": "https://www.mois.go.kr/frt/bbs/type010/commonSelectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000008&nttId=121382&utm#none", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-03-11 for South Korea concerning Public sector AI ethics principles. See the linked mois.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-11", "title": "Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology investigation into Korea Telecom Corporation over alleged failure to report malware infections", "url": "https://www.ktv.go.kr/news/major/view?content_id=741064", "description": "On 7 November 2025, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology issued an order against Korea Telecom Corporation (KT) for failing to report malware infections on 43 servers last year. The investigation found that KT handled the issue internally and that KT’s poor femtocell management allowed illegal devices to access its network. The breach affected digital payments, with 368 users defrauded and 22'000 subscriber identities leaked, causing over 240 million won in da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Coupang over data leak of customer and account information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11648#LINK", "description": "On 3 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) convened an emergency full Commission meeting and required Coupang to implement corrective notification, public disclosure, and strengthened mitigation measures following its investigation into the personal information leakage of customer and account data. PIPC confirmed that Coupang had issued notifications titled “exposure,” removed its website notice after one to two days, and omitted leaked items such as shared-apar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-24", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Shinhan Card over alleged unlawful sharing of merchant personal data", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11710#LINK", "description": "On 24 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced an investigation into Shinhan Card following a public interest whistleblower report. The report alleged that Shinhan Card unlawfully shared merchant personal data, including merchant names, owner names, and mobile numbers from newly installed terminal information, with card recruiters between March 2022 and May 2025. The investigation aims to assess the cause, scope, and types of data leaked, and to determine...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Coupang over alleged unauthorised use of CCTV footage", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11736#LINK", "description": "On 7 January 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced the launch of an investigation into Coupang over alleged violations of the Personal Information Protection Act involving the unauthorised analysis of workers' CCTV footage. Conducted by a dedicated Special Task Force, the probe focuses on the use or provision of surveillance data beyond its original purpose. The PIPC seeks to clarify whether these practices constitute a breach of data protection regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Partial amendment to the Enforcement Rule of the Organisation of the Personal Information Protection Commission", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11687#LINK", "description": "On 19 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes the public consultation on the Partial Amendment to the Enforcement Rule of the Organisation of the PIPC, which had been open since 16 December 2025. The consultation concerns a draft amendment intended to reflect the revision of the Organisation of the PIPC. The draft provides for the establishment of a Preventive Coordination Officer and a new division within the Investigation and Coordination Bureau, the incr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Presidential Decree No. 36084 amending the Enforcement Decree of Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%98%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%8F%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%A9%EB%93%B1%EC%97%90%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0%EC%8B%9C%ED%96%89%EB%A0%B9", "description": "On 10 February 2026, Presidential Decree No. 36084 partially amending the Enforcement Decree of the Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information enters into force. The amendment sets out new delegations of specified functions under the Act to the heads of the Broadcasting and Media Communications Commission's regional offices. The delegated functions relating to location information businesses comprise receipt of change notifications for personal location information businesses, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission investigation into Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior Couture, and Tiffany over alleged personal information leaks", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11817#LINK", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission imposed administrative fines totalling KRW 36'033'000'000 and administrative fines of KRW 10'800'000 on Louis Vuitton Korea, Christian Dior Couture Korea and Tiffany Korea for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. The Commission found that the companies failed to implement required security measures under Article 29 in their use of Software as a Service (SaaS)-based customer management systems, resulting in p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-27", "title": "Bill amending Information and Communications Network Act to establish an expedited response mechanism for illegal online content (No. 2217175)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_Y2Z6X0Y2W1X9V1W1D4E4D3B7B8Z1A1", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the Bill amending the Information and Communications Network Act was introduced to the National Assembly. The Bill applies to information and communications service providers and bulletin board operators hosting user-generated content. The Bill would insert a new paragraph in Article 44-7 to establish an expedited response mechanism for certain categories of manifestly illegal information that seriously infringe legal interests, including narcotics, gambling, illegal film...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Measures to address fake news and misuse of artificial intelligence pertaining to elections", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=ujHjb4WS4PNnwVJtLVkcZDAtY8SM6xD7ncWutC8f.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=68210", "description": "On 26 February 2026, the government of South Korea announced measures following an inter-ministerial meeting to strengthen the government's response to fake news and the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly ahead of the June 2026 local elections. The measures apply to online information activities, including the creation and dissemination of AI-generated content and false information on digital platforms. The government announced a coordinated response involving several minist...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Bill amending Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilisation and Information Protection (Bill No. 2218137)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_Y2T5U1S2T3R0S0Q9R3Y2Z1X7W2W6U4", "description": "On 6 April 2026, the Bill amending the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilisation and Information Protection was introduced to the National Assembly. The Bill amends Article 44-7(1) of Act No. 21305 to designate as illegal information content depicting disruptive acts that disturb the peace carried out for the purpose of economic gain. A new Article 74(1)(3-2) would provide that any person who distributes video content depicting such disruptive acts in violation of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-10-03", "title": "Korea is leading an exemplary AI transition. Here’s how.", "url": "", "description": "Korea has been emerged as an AI technology and innovation driver, anda leader in international cooperation around trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "27 April 2021", "title": "PIPC changes mediation system for personal data disputes", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=7292#LINK", "description": "The PIPC adopts the Personal Information Dispute Mediation Status and Improvement Measures including the obligation that, where requested, a data handler must undertake dispute resolution and mediation through the PIPC for disputes relating to personal information. The Measures further include changes to clarify the dispute resolution process inside the PIPC.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2021", "title": "Revision of the Personal Information Protection Committee Ordinance", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C000000000&nttId=7718", "description": "On 26 November 2021, the South Korean Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) published the draft of its amended enforcement rules. In particular, the rules aim to enhance the data analysis capabilities of the Privacy Committee through the enhancement of dedicated staff and increase the scrutiny of public data processing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 March 2024", "title": "Accession to Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) by Korea", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2024/05/Joint-Press-Release-on-the-successful-accession-of-the-Republic-of-Korea-to-the-Digital-Economy", "description": "On 3 May 2024, Ministers of Singapore, New Zealand, Chile, and South Korea issued a joint statement declaring the successful accession of the Republic of Korea to the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA). The DEPA establishes common norms for cooperation and harmonisation regarding digital trade, as well as digital content and services. Furthermore, DEPA creates a common framework for data protection, establishes common rules on digital trade and removes digital barriers for data tran...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 May 2020", "title": "FDI regulations expanded through revised Foreign Investment Promotion Act", "url": "https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-policy-monitor/measures/3652/korea-republic-of-recognizing-reinvestment-of-earned-surplus-as-foreign-direct-investment", "description": "On August 5th, 2020, the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) implemented significant revisions to the Foreign Investment Promotion Act. One key revision is that 2,990 technologies in 33 sectors, mainly related to cross-cutting technology and artificial intelligence, are now also eligible to receive this cash support. Previously, these cash incentives were only valid for investment in raw materials, manufactured parts, and new growth technologies. Another change, abeit less ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 June 2021", "title": "Partial revision of standards for technical and administrative protection of personal information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=7512", "description": "The Personal Information Protection Committee of Korea closed the consultation on the partial revision of standards for technical and administrative protection of personal information.\nIn particular the revision includes changes in the definition of biometric data, notification requirements when collecting biometric data and encryption requirements for biometric data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 August 2021", "title": "Data protection requirements in South Korea notice for the combination and export of pseudonymised information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=7471#LINK", "description": "On 23 August 2021, the consultation regarding the Notice on the Combination and Export of Pseudonym Information is closed by the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission. It was opened on 4 August 2021. The Notice aims at improving the safety of pseudonymous information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "PIPC guidelines on pseudonymised data", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9899#LINK", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) revised its standards for pseudonymisation of unstructured data, such as images, videos, audio, and text, based on the technological developments and development of artificial intelligence. The PIPC revised these standards because the existing guidelines only provided standards for structured data, leading to uncertainty in the field as companies and research institutions were unaware of suitable pseudonymisation method...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 May 2022", "title": "UK-Republic of Korea data adequacy agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/new-data-adequacy-agreement-in-principle-between-the-uk-and-republic-of-korea/data-adequacy-agreement-in-principle-between-the-uk-and-republic-of-korea", "description": "On 5 July 2022, the governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Korea announced they had reached an agreement in principle regarding data adequacy. The agreement acknowledges the data protection regime of the two countries as adequate, allowing organisations to transfer data between the two countries without restrictions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 June 2022", "title": "Amendment to guidelines on technical and administrative measures for personal information protection", "url": "https://www.privacy.go.kr/inf/gdl/selectBoardArticle.do", "description": "On 6 October 2022, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission published the amended version of its guidelines on \"technical and administrative measures for personal information protection\" in accordance with recent amendments introduced to the Information and Communications Network Act. The guidelines outline the data collectors' obligations, including their duty to appoint compliance officers. The amendment removed the prohibition of designating the same person as the Chief Privac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 May 2023", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding on Implementing the Korea-Singapore Digital Economy Dialogue", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/05/Press-Release-on-Korea-Singapore-Digital-Economy-Dialogue", "description": "On 19 May 2023, the governments of Korea and Singapore issued a joint statement on the first Korea-Singapore Digital Economy Dialogue. The Digital Economy Dialogue is intended to be a platform to promote digital economy cooperation between key industry actors and academic experts from Singapore and Korea. During the first Digital Economy Dialogue discussions between the public and private sectors were held in the area of digital trade technologies and services. In particular, stakeholders fro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 January 2023", "title": "Data localisation prohibition in Korea-Singapore Digital Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/Content-and-News/Press-Releases-and-Speeches/Press-Releases/2023/The-Korea-Singapore-Digital-Partnership-Agreement-Enters-into-force", "description": "On 14 January 2023, the Digital Partnership Agreement, signed by the Government of Korea and Singapore on 21 November 2022, enters into force with a grace period. The Agreement seeks to deepen cooperation in the digital economy between both countries by establishing digital trade rules that promote interoperability between digital systems. The Agreement states that the parties will implement measures against requirements for data localisation and allow businesses to choose where their data is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Revised Guidelines on the Use of Health data including clarifications on pseudonymisation requirements", "url": "http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/al/sal0101vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=04&MENU_ID=040101&page=1&CONT_SEQ=374313", "description": "On 29 December 2022, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of Korea published a revised version of its Guidelines on the Use of Health Data. The new guidelines address the pseudonymisation of personal data and its use for statistical, scientific and public interest purposes by public institutions and private corporations. Pseudonymisation is defined as the deletion of part of the information or its replacement to prevent the identification of the individual to whom the data is...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 June 2023", "title": "Information Security Disclosure Guidelines", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2244", "description": "On 6 February 2023, Korea's Internet and Security Agency (KISA) published an updated version of the \"Information Security Disclosure Guidelines\", aiming to enhance the information protection disclosure system and to improve the reliability of disclosed content. In particular, the updated Guidelines introduce criteria to determine if a company falls under the \"information technology sector\" and \"information security sector investments\" and to facilitate the participation of these companies in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "Investigation into Kakao Mobility Corp. over Alleged Manipulative Algorithms Use and Unfair Practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=9946", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it closed its investigation into the taxi-hailing application service Kakao Mobility Co., Ltd. (Kakao) over its alleged use of manipulative algorithms to give preferential treatment to specific companies and issued a KRW 25.7 billion fine. The FTC found that Kakao manipulated its algorithm of the Kakao T app to give preferential treatment to its affiliated drivers. The algorithm was also found to give rides that are not as...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 December 2022", "title": "KFTC Investigation into Naver regarding abuse of dominant market position concerns", "url": "https://competition.tistory.com/entry/NAVERShoppingAppealSummary", "description": "On 14 December 2022, the Seoul High Court confirmed the Korean Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) ruling against Naver, after the e-commerce platform appealed. The KFTC ruled in October 2020, that Naver had abused its dominant market position and engaged in unfair trade practices. The KFTC found that Naver favoured its own goods and services in the user's searches for shopping and video services and ranked them consistently at the top while lowering the ranking of its competitors. Naver did so by a...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2022", "title": "Issued fine against Booking.com and Agoda for allegedly employing deceptive advertising practices", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=9783", "description": "On 1 November 2022, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) of the Republic of Korea imposed sanctions on Booking.com and Agoda Company Private Limited, both of which fall under the umbrella of Booking Holdings Inc., for engaging in deceptive practices towards consumers and violating the Act on Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce. The FTC stated that the companies failed to disclose that the search results displayed were the outcome of paid advertising. Booking.com and Agoda had altered their...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2023", "title": "Dark Patterns Prohibition in Amendment of the Personal Information Protection Act (Bill No 2120331)", "url": "http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_Z2V3U0S2R1Z0A1Z7X2W9W5E0D5C7A1", "description": "On 27 February 2023, a Bill to amend the Personal Information Protection Act (Bill No 2120331) was introduced in the Korean National Assembly. Aiming to strengthen the protection of personal information, the Bill prohibits personal information processors from using dark patterns to collect personal information and provides sanctions against this practice.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Korean PIPC investigation into Gmarket for alleged breach of the Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156556372&pWise=mSub&pWiseSub=C1#pressRelease", "description": "On 8 March 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) imposed a fine of KRW 1 million on Gmarket Co, an e-commerce platform based in South Korea, for breach of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). In particular, the PIPC found that Gmarket refused requests for data access by customers in violation of the obligation of Article 35 of PIPA, which requires personal information controllers to grant data subjects access to the personal information it has collected...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 March 2023", "title": "Korea-UAE Digital Economy Agreement", "url": "http://www.motie.go.kr/motie/ne/presse/press2/bbs/bbsView.do?bbs_seq_n=166928&bbs_cd_n=81¤tPage=1&search_key_n=&cate_n=&dept_v=&search_val_v=", "description": "On 15 March 2023, authorities from the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the United Arab Emirates held the First Trade and Investment Promotion Framework (TIPF) meeting, where they discussed areas of potential bilateral cooperation, including in the field of digital trade. In particular, the authorities highlighted the importance of promoting the negotiation of a Digital Economy Agreement announced by both governments on January 2023, following...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 March 2023", "title": "Investigation into data leak of users from e-commerce platform Coupang", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156558126", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the Republic of Korea Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) announced that it was investigating media reports of a data leak from the e-commerce platform Coupang concerning more than 460,000 users. The leak on the dark web allegedly included personal information and transaction records. The PIPC stated that it would launch an investigation under the violation of the Personal Information Protection Act once the data processor responsible for the leakage of informat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 March 2023", "title": "Personal Information Commission Investigation into Samsung Securities over alleged personal data leakage", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156558535&pWise=sub&pWiseSub=C3", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Samsung Securities Co. (Samsung), imposing a fine of KRW 98 million and a penalty of KRW 3.6 million. The PIPC found that Samsung did not adhere to a number of data protection standards. Firstly, PIPC found that Samsung failed to correctly protect its data once a web server setting error occurred, which caused a directory listing vulnerability. Additionally, Samsung faile...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 January 2023", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Amendment to Cloud Security Assurance Program including data localisation requirements", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000218804", "description": "On 31 January 2023, the amendment to the Cloud Computing Service Security Certification (CSAP) entered into force. Under the amendment, to obtain a CSAP certification by the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA), the service provider's cloud computing system and associated data, backup systems, and management and operating personnel must be located in Korea.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 April 2023", "title": "Investigation into Google on personal data disclosure to third parties", "url": "https://www.scourt.go.kr/portal/news/NewsViewAction.work?pageIndex=1&searchWord=&searchOption=&seqnum=4881&gubun=2", "description": "On 13 April 2023, the Korean Supreme Court issued a decision ordering Google to disclose the list of personal information it has shared with third parties, including United States intelligence services. The Supreme Court stated that in cases where personal information was provided to foreign intelligence agencies for probable cause, the service provider is still required to tell customers when that cause terminates. Under the Korean Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), online service p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 April 2023", "title": "Financial Services Commission Verification System for AI-driven Credit Scoring Model and AI Security Guideline", "url": "https://www.fsc.go.kr/eng/pr010101/79824?srchCtgry=&curPage=&srchKey=&srchText=&srchBeginDt=&srchEndDt=", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) introduced a verification system for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven credit scoring model and a security guideline for the use of AI in the financial sector. In particular, the AI verification system will examine whether credit bureaus are properly managing credit data in line with peculiar characteristics of AI, whether the credit bureaus have made a reasonable selection for algorithms and variables used in their credit sco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 April 2023", "title": "Korea-UK Joint review of the data adequacy arrangement removing barriers to data transfers", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156563923&pWise=sub&pWiseSub=C5", "description": "On 21 April 2023, Korea and the United Kingdom published a Joint Statement on the first review of the Korea-UK data adequacy arrangement, which allows businesses and organisations of both countries to transfer personal data securely without restrictions. The arrangement was implemented in 2022 and removed barriers to cross-border data transfers, such as contractual safeguards and standard data protection clauses. During the meeting, the parties also agreed to explore areas for possible future...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "PIPC investigation into Rye & Catchers Co., Ltd. over alleged violations of Personal Information Act", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156562339", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued its ruling in the investigation into Rye & Catchers Co., Ltd., a data technology company, imposing a fine of KRW 6 million for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. In particular, the PIPC found that Rye & Catchers Co., Ltd. didn't obtain the legal representative's consent when collecting the personal information of children under the age of 14.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 April 2022", "title": "Content moderation requirements in 2022 amendment to Network Act", "url": "http://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_F2B2U0V3X2I9L1D3Z4K5X4P2O0I7Q0", "description": "On 29 April 2022, Bill No. 2115457, amending the Network Act (Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection), was introduced in the Korean Assembly. The Bill would require internet service providers, including foreign providers, to suspend the operations of websites that are purposely infringing individual rights.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 February 2023", "title": "Act Fostering the AI Industry and Establishing a Foundation for Trustworthy AI", "url": "https://www.assembly.go.kr/portal/bbs/B0000051/view.do?nttId=2095056&menuNo=600101&sdate=&edate=&pageUnit=10&pageIndex=1", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the Act Fostering the AI Industry and Establishing a Foundation for Trustworthy AI passed the Science, ICT, Broadcasting Committee of the Korean Assembly. The Act incorporates previous proposals to establish a comprehensive regulatory regime for the Korean AI industry. The Act aims to both foster the AI industry and protect users by imposing requirements for \"trust\" on certain systems. To foster the AI industry, the Act establishes that AI can be developed without governm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 April 2023", "title": "Korean Fair Trade Commission investigation into Kakao Mobility acquisition of stake in SM Entertainment", "url": "http://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=10021", "description": "On 26 April 2023, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (FTC) initiated an investigation into Kakao’s acquisition of 39.87% participation in SM Entertainment, a K-pop agency that produces albums. In particular, the FTC will review the impact of the vertical merger on the entertainment industry, considering that Kakao operates music streaming services and could eventually modify its algorithms to benefit singers from SM Entertainment. In addition, the FTC will review the potential for Kakao and SM ...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 May 2023", "title": "Korean Taskforce on Financial Data", "url": "https://www.fsc.go.kr/eng/pr010101/79998?srchCtgry=&curPage=&srchKey=&srchText=&srchBeginDt=&srchEndDt=", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the Korean Financial Services Commission (FSC) launched a taskforce on financial data and held its first meeting. The taskforce is a combination of private sector officials and experts in collaboration with the FSC. The taskforce aims to improve regulations on financial data, increase the financial market's competitive edge and support small and medium-sized businesses in their data challenges. Specifically, data convergence issues will be addressed by requiring the taskforce ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 April 2021", "title": "Investigation into alleged violations of Personal Information Data Protection Act by AI System Iruda", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=7298&fbclid=IwAR3SKcMQi6G5pR9k4I7j6GNXtc8aBVDOwcURevvvzQtYI7AS40UKYXoOXo8#LINK", "description": "On 28 April 2021, the Republic of Korea Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) fined Scatterlab Inc., the developer of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot system Iruda, KRW 103.3 million (USD 92'900) for eight violations of the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA). This follows PIPC's official investigation into complaints from users of discriminatory, racist, and homophobic language from the AI chatbot. The investigation found that Scatterlab violated the PIPA by using AI ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 June 2023", "title": "PIPC investigation into 5 businesses regarding alleged violations of the Privacy Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=8958#LINK", "description": "On 14 June 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) fined Dreamers Ltd., Gosia Academy, Musinsa Co., Bilbax.com Inc., and Linical Korea Ltd. for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. The collective fines and penalties amount to KRW 462.35 million. An error in system operations caused false logins for Dreamus Company Ltd.'s users. For a limited time, users accessed accounts differing from their own and therefore had illegal access to other users' personal in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 February 2023", "title": "Korea Communications Commission investigation into Naver for alleged discriminatory conduct by its news algorithm", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=56080", "description": "On 2 July 2023, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced its investigation into Naver, an online platform and search engine, for alleged discriminatory conduct through its artificial intelligence-based news algorithm, in violation of the Telecommunications Business Act. In particular, Naver is alleged to have given an unfair advantage to certain news providers in its AI-powered news feed by applying artificial popularity indicators to certain news agencies. If the investigation con...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 March 2023", "title": "Pilot certification system for privacy by design", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156559524", "description": "On 28 March 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced the launch of a pilot scheme for the privacy by design certification programme, with the aim of enhancing the safety of various devices used for collecting personal information in everyday life. The PIPC has developed specific criteria and evaluation methods for the implementation of the certification programme, which seeks to bolster the security of personal information from the initial stages of product...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 December 2023", "title": "PIPC Investigation into LG U+ Co regarding leakage of personal information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9030", "description": "On 12 July 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a ruling regarding their investigation into LG U+ Co., a mobile network operator, concerning a breach of personal information. The investigation revealed approximately 30,000 instances of data leakage, where hackers illicitly obtained and disseminated personal details, including mobile phone numbers, names, addresses, dates of birth, email addresses, and IDs on unauthorized transaction platforms. Additionally...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "My Data Standardisation Work Guide", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS217&mCode=D010030000&nttId=9070#LINK", "description": "On 31 July 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the My Data Standardisation Work Guide aiming to simplify the domestic data transfer procedure among various data processors, also in different industries, through the implementation of standardised data transmission protocols. The Guide formulates standardised principles, procedures and data formats as well as the factors to be considered when applying data format and transmission standards.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 August 2023", "title": "Revised Notice on Certification of Information Protection and Privacy Management Systems", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=9077#LINK", "description": "On 21 August 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closed its consultation on the draft revised certification of information protection and privacy management systems. The draft reflects the amendments introduced to the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) and its Enforcement Decree on March 2023. In particular, the draft includes updated provisions in relation to the collection and use of personal information, certification standards, and inspection process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 March 2023", "title": "PIPC guidance for the safe use of personal information and AI", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9083#LINK", "description": "On 3 August 2023, the Korean Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) adopted the Guidance for the safe use of personal information and artificial intelligence (AI). According to the PIPC, the use of AI poses an increasing risk of violating personal information. The Guidance contains rules on how to comply with the Personal Information Protection Act and sets out public-private cooperation to design a regulatory system. The PIPC outlines a principle-based system to address uncertainty...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 July 2023", "title": "Criteria for Imposition of Penalties for Violation of the Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=9108#LINK", "description": "On 7 September 2023, the Personal Information Protection Committee closed the public consultation on the criteria for the imposition of penalties for the violation of the amended Personal Information Protection Act (Law No. 19234). The document outlines criteria for imposing fines according to Article 75 of the mentioned Act and Article 63 of its Enforcement Decree.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 September 2023", "title": "Fake News Eradication Task Force", "url": "https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=57467", "description": "On 27 September 2023, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) launched a public-private consultative body to respond to content classified as \"fake news\" under the Fake News Eradication Promotion Plan. The body comprises representatives of the KCC, the Korea Communications Standards Commission, and platform operators such as Naver, Kakao, Google, and Meta. The body implemented a fast-track process to review fake news by introducing a \"Report Fake News'\" section on the National Defense Commi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "假新闻根除工作组", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 27 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 成立了一个公私协商机构，以应对假新闻根除促进计划中被归类为“假新闻”的内容。该机构由 KCC、韩国通信标准委员会以及 Naver、Kakao、Google 和 Meta 等平台运营商的代表组成。该机构通过在国防委员会引入“报告假新闻”部分，实施了审查假新闻的快速流程。" }, { "date": "20 February 2024", "title": "PIPC Guidance on Privacy Policy Evaluation", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9927#LINK", "description": "On 19 February 2024, the guidelines on Evaluation of Privacy Policies issued by the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) came into effect. The PIPC aims to assess the policies adopted and disclosed by personal information processors to ensure compliance with the Personal Information Protection Act and its amended Enforcement Decree. The guidelines delineate the criteria and procedures for selecting and evaluating targets related to personal information processing. Evaluation tar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 隐私政策评估指南", "description_zh": "2024年2月19日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）发布的《隐私政策评估指南》正式生效。 PIPC 旨在评估个人信息处理者采用和披露的政策，以确保遵守《个人信息保护法》及其修订后的《执行令》。该指南规定了选择和评估个人信息处理相关目标的标准和程序。评价目标..." }, { "date": "25 September 2023", "title": "MSIT Digital Rights Charter outlining principles for a global digital normative order", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mPid=238&mId=113&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3183520", "description": "On 25 September 2023, the South Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced and published the MSIT Digital Rights Charter outlining principles for a global digital normative order. The document underscores the values and principles necessary for creating a \"fair and just\" \"digital shared prosperity society.\" The charter consists of six chapters and 28 articles, and its principles span ensuring digital rights and freedoms, fair access to and equal distribution of digital society, ensur...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MSIT 数字权利宪章概述了全球数字规范秩序的原则", "description_zh": "2023 年 9 月 25 日，韩国科学和信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 宣布并发布了 MSIT 数字权利宪章，概述了全球数字规范秩序的原则。该文件强调了创建“公平公正”“数字共享繁荣社会”所需的价值观和原则。该宪章由六章和28条组成，其原则涵盖确保数字权利和自由、数字社会的公平进入和平等分配、确保..." }, { "date": "27 March 2024", "title": "PIPC Prior Appropriateness Review System for new technologies such as AI to ensure compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10023#LINK", "description": "On 27 March 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) issued a notice announcing the adoption of operating regulations for Prior Appropriateness Review System. The system aims to assist business operators using AI and new technologies in the planning and development stage to comply with the Personal Information Protection Act. It involves the PIPC's detailed analysis of the processing environment and the preparation of measures to ensure compliance with the Act. The system a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "针对人工智能等新技术的 PIPC 事先适当性审查系统，以确保遵守个人信息保护法", "description_zh": "2024年3月27日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）发布通知，宣布通过适当性事先审查制度操作规定。该系统旨在协助企业经营者在规划和开发阶段使用人工智能和新技术遵守个人信息保护法。它涉及 PIPC 对加工环境的详细分析以及确保遵守该法案的措施的制定。 该系统一..." }, { "date": "10 December 2023", "title": "PIPC investigation into foreign businesses' compliance with the obligation to appoint local representatives and issue a privacy policy", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9231#LINK", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) issued its findings and corrective orders following an investigation into foreign businesses' compliance with the obligation to appoint local representatives and issue a privacy policy as required under the Personal Information Protection Act. The PIPC stated that foreign businesses that have annual sales of over KRW 1 trillion or have more than 1 million users whose personal data is collected and processed in the last t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 对外国企业遵守任命当地代表和发布隐私政策义务的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 12 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 在对外国企业是否遵守《个人信息保护法》规定的任命当地代表和发布隐私政策的义务进行调查后，发布了调查结果和纠正令。 PIPC 表示，年销售额超过 1 万亿韩元或拥有超过 100 万用户的外国企业在过去的时间里收集和处理个人数据..." }, { "date": "11 March 2023", "title": "Directive to launch cross-government task force to eradicate illegal online gambling", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=KWBc-EKFoxjbPnt--0UAleruM01tGQFhM5G4DgsL.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=58023", "description": "On 3 November 2023, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) implemented a presidential directive to launch a cross-government task force aimed at eradicating illegal online gambling and protecting youth. The task force's primary goals include enhancing the investigative capabilities of organisations involved in operating online gambling sites, criminal groups, and activities, with a particular emphasis on addressing tax evasion. Additionally, the National Police Agency will carry out a dedi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "指令成立跨政府工作组以消除非法在线赌博", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 3 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 执行总统指令，成立跨政府工作组，旨在根除非法在线赌博并保护青少年。该工作组的主要目标包括增强参与运营在线赌博网站、犯罪集团和活动的组织的调查能力，特别强调解决逃税问题。此外，警察厅还将开展专门..." }, { "date": "11 July 2023", "title": "MSIT Digital Technology Standardisation Strategy", "url": "https://doc.msit.go.kr/SynapDocViewServer/viewer/doc.html?key=3402f8dd992f4a97adcaae0dd58acd2c&convType=html&convLocale=ko_KR&contextPath=/SynapDocViewServer/", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the South Korean Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) published the Digital Technology Standardisation Strategy. The MSIT aims to use standards as a strategic resource to improve international competitiveness, responding to the growing importance of standardisation in the global competition for technological leadership. The MSIT aims to develop standards for 12 digital innovation technologies in the areas of 6G mobile communications, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MSIT 数字技术标准化战略", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 7 日，韩国科学与信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 发布了数字技术标准化战略。 MSIT旨在将标准作为提高国际竞争力的战略资源，以应对标准化在全球技术领先地位竞争中日益增长的重要性。 MSIT旨在为6G移动通信、人工智能（AI）、量子信息等领域的12项数字创新技术制定标准。" }, { "date": "11 September 2023", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding between American CISA and Korean NIS concerning Cyber Security", "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/cisa-signs-memorandum-understanding-republic-korea-share-cyber-threat-information-and-cybersecurity", "description": "On 9 November 2023, the American Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) outlining cooperation activities between the authorities concerning sharing cyber threat Information and cybersecurity best practices. The parties will cooperate on critical infrastructure supply chain resilience, technical capabilities and mechanisms for cybersecurity threat response, best practices concerning c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国CISA与韩国NIS关于网络安全的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 9 日，美国网络安全和基础设施安全局 (CISA) 与韩国国家情报院 (NIS) 签署了一份谅解备忘录 (MoU)，概述了当局之间有关共享网络威胁信息和网络安全最佳实践的合作活动。双方将在关键基础设施供应链弹性、网络安全威胁响应的技术能力和机制、有关客户的最佳实践等方面开展合作。" }, { "date": "17 November 2023", "title": "Partial amendment bill for the Intelligent Robot Development and Distribution Promotion Act (2116941)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_X2H2N0A8K1I2V0W9N2O2S1Z9F2B0C5", "description": "Official source record dated 17 November 2023 for South Korea concerning Partial amendment bill for the Intelligent Robot Development and Distribution Promotion Act (2116941). See the linked likms.assembly.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "智能机器人开发流通促进法部分修正案（2116941）", "description_zh": "2023年11月17日，《智能机器人开发和促进法》修订法案（法案编号：2116941）生效。该法案规定了用于送货和监控等领域的户外移动机器人的操作条件。该法案旨在维持安全标准，同时支持人工智能技术的商业应用。特别是，该法案要求运营商制定一份损害保险政策，涵盖因特定原因造成的任何损害……" }, { "date": "22 November 2023", "title": "Commitment to cooperate on safe and responsible AI in UK- South Korea science and technology agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-sci-tech-deal-with-the-republic-of-korea-to-boost-cooperation-in-critical-technologies-such-as-ai-and-semiconductors", "description": "On 22 November 2023, the United Kingdom and South Korean governments signed a science and technology agreement, including a commitment to cooperate on safe and responsible artificial intelligence (AI). The agreement, part of the broader Accord between the countries, aims to strengthen cooperation in critical technologies such as AI, quantum, semiconductors, and space. They include commitments to safe, responsible AI development in line with democratic values. The parties signed a Memorandum o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "英韩科技协议中承诺就安全和负责任的人工智能进行合作", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 22 日，英国和韩国政府签署了一项科学技术协议，其中包括承诺在安全和负责任的人工智能 (AI) 领域开展合作。该协议是两国之间更广泛协议的一部分，旨在加强人工智能、量子、半导体和太空等关键技术方面的合作。其中包括根据民主价值观致力于安全、负责任的人工智能开发。双方签署备忘录..." }, { "date": "27 November 2023", "title": "KCC investigation into management of personal location information by taxi hailing platforms", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=QvGdVnlm5F5Lt5nxtCEwsp6JRBbhNWgHrjQV3azP.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=58405", "description": "On 27 November 2023, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced an investigation into taxi-hailing platforms over alleged mismanagement of personal location information, particularly focusing on Kakao Mobility. The KCC aims to ensure compliance with the Location Information Act by inspecting major operators. This inspection follows thorough checks of around 2’000 location information and service providers conducted in 2022 and 2023, where businesses with inadequate location informati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "KCC调查出租车平台管理个人位置信息", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 27 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 宣布对出租车平台涉嫌个人位置信息管理不善展开调查，特别是针对 Kakao Mobility。 KCC 旨在通过检查主要运营商来确保遵守《位置信息法》。此次检查是在 2022 年和 2023 年对约 2000 家位置信息和服务提供商进行彻底检查之后进行的，其中位置信息不足的企业..." }, { "date": "22 November 2023", "title": "ROK-UK Strategic Cyber Partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-republic-of-korea-strategic-cyber-partnership/republic-of-korea-uk-strategic-cyber-partnership", "description": "On 22 November 2023, the United Kingdom (UK) and the Republic of Korea (ROK) announced the Strategic Cyber Partnership, in line with the ROK-UK Bilateral Framework for Closer Cooperation 2022 and the Downing Street Accord 2023. The partnership aims to strengthen cooperation, including information sharing, development of technical standards, international laws and norms, protection of critical national infrastructure, and the development and deployment of cyber and nuclear technologies. The pa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩英战略网络伙伴关系", "description_zh": "2023年11月22日，英国和韩国根据《2022年韩英双边更紧密合作框架》和《2023年唐宁街协议》宣布建立战略网络伙伴关系。该伙伴关系旨在加强合作，包括信息共享、制定技术标准、国际法和规范、保护关键国家基础设施以及网络和核技术的开发和部署。帕..." }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "Joint cyber security advisory from ROK and the UK on DPRK state-linked cyber actors targeting software supply chain products", "url": "https://eng.nis.go.kr/ECM/1_3_1_1.do?seq=83¤tPage=1", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the National Intelligence Service (NIS) of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) of the United Kingdom (UK) issued a joint cyber security advisory regarding DPRK state-linked cyber actors targeting software supply chain products. The advisory aims to identify cyber-attacks by state-sponsored North Korean hackers on software supply chains used by government organisations, financial institutions, and defence industry companies globally. T...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国和英国就针对软件供应链产品的朝鲜国家相关网络行为者提供联合网络安全咨询", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 23 日，韩国 (ROK) 国家情报院 (NIS) 和英国 (UK) 国家网络安全中心 (NCSC) 发布了一份关于朝鲜国家相关网络行为者针对软件供应链产品的联合网络安全咨询。该咨询旨在识别由国家支持的朝鲜黑客对全球政府组织、金融机构和国防工业公司使用的软件供应链进行的网络攻击。特..." }, { "date": "12 August 2023", "title": "Artificial Intelligence and Standards in US-South Korea Next Generation Critical and Emerging Technologies (CET) Dialogue", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/12/08/joint-fact-sheet-launching-the-u-s-rok-next-generation-critical-and-emerging-technologies-dialogue/", "description": "On 8 December 2023, the United States (US) and Korea launched the Next Generation Critical and Emerging Technologies (CET) Dialogue, aiming to enhance resilience against supply chain disruptions and secure competitive advantages for both nations and international partners. The dialogue will facilitate cooperation in six strategic technology areas, namely semiconductor supply chains and technology, biotechnology, batteries and clean energy technology, quantum science and technology, digital co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美韩下一代关键和新兴技术（CET）对话中的人工智能和标准", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 8 日，美国和韩国启动了下一代关键和新兴技术 (CET) 对话，旨在增强抵御供应链中断的能力，并确保两国和国际合作伙伴的竞争优势。此次对话将促进半导体供应链与技术、生物技术、电池与清洁能源技术、量子科学与技术、数字化技术等六大战略技术领域的合作。" }, { "date": "14 December 2023", "title": "Signed Singapore-Republic of Korea MoU on IoT cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/News-Articles/2023/memorandum-of-understanding-on-cooperation-in-the-field-of-internet-of-things-cyber-security", "description": "On 14 December 2023, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) and the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Internet of Things (IoT) cybersecurity. The memorandum includes a plan for further cooperation in the area and a commitment to create a mutual recognition arrangement for the two countries' cybersecurity certification and labelling schemes, namely CSA’s Cybersecurity Labelling Scheme and KISA’s Certification IoT of Cybersecurity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡与韩国签署物联网网络安全谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 14 日，新加坡网络安全局 (CSA) 和韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 签署了物联网 (IoT) 网络安全谅解备忘录。该备忘录包括该领域进一步合作的计划，并承诺为两国网络安全认证和标签计划建立互认安排，即CSA的网络安全标签计划和KISA的网络安全物联网认证。" }, { "date": "4 April 2024", "title": "PIPC Online Customised Advertising Personal Information Protection Guidelines", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10057", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced the establishedment of the Public-Private Consultative Group for drafting Online Customized Advertising Personal Information Protection Guidelines. In particular, the group will define the roles and obligations of advertising operators and media operators to ensure effective application of policy guidelines for online behavior information processing. The guide will include measures regarding the lawful collection...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC在线定制广告个人信息保护指引", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 4 日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）宣布成立公私协商小组，负责起草《在线定制广告个人信息保护指南》。特别是，该小组将明确广告运营商和媒体运营商的角色和义务，以确保在线行为信息处理的政策指南得到有效应用。该指南将包括有关合法收集的措施......" }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "PIPC Cross-Border Data Transfer Expert Committee", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9887", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) implemented the order establishing the Cross-Border Data Transfer Expert Committee. The Committee, established under the amended \"Enforcement Decree of the Personal Information Protection Act\", aims to ensure the secure protection of the personal information of Korean citizens concerning overseas data transfers. The Committee comprises 12 members from academia, legal representatives, industry, civil society, and the PIP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC跨境数据传输专家委员会", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 30 日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）执行成立跨境数据传输专家委员会的命令。该委员会是根据修订后的《个人信息保护法施行令》设立的，旨在确保韩国公民在海外数据传输中的个人信息得到安全保护。该委员会由来自学术界、法律代表、工业界、民间社会和 PIP 的 12 名成员组成。" }, { "date": "2 June 2024", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT Public Notice on Cloud Computing Service Security Certification", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184054&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 6 February 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced a draft revision of the \"Public Notice on Cloud Computing Service Security Certification\". The revision reflects the upper and middle-security grading standards of the cloud security certification system, introduced in January 2023, to promote private cloud usage in the public sector, innovate public services, and enhance the competitiveness of the cloud industry. The revised standards were established through security certi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科技和信息化部关于云计算服务安全认证的公告", "description_zh": "2024年2月6日，科学和信息化部公布了《云计算服务安全认证公告》修订草案。此次修订体现了2023年1月推出的云安全认证体系的中上安全分级标准，旨在推动公共部门私有云的使用，创新公共服务，增强云产业竞争力。修订后的标准是通过安全认证建立的..." }, { "date": "28 February 2024", "title": "KISA and MIST Security Guide to Protect Users' Data on Network Attached Storage Servers", "url": "https://www.boho.or.kr/kr/bbs/view.do?bbsId=B0000127&pageIndex=1&nttId=71355&menuNo=205021#:~:text=NAS_Security_Guide_Final.pdf", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) and the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology (MIST) adopted a network-attached storage (NAS) security guide. The guide aims to enhance data protection for users of NAS servers, which have become a significant data backup medium for individuals and businesses. The KISA and the MIST highlighted that NAS servers have increasingly become targets of hackers and ransomware. Consequently, the KISA prepared t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "用于保护网络连接存储服务器上用户数据的 KISA 和 MIST 安全指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 28 日，韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 和科学与信息通信技术部 (MIST) 通过了网络附加存储 (NAS) 安全指南。该指南旨在加强对 NAS 服务器用户的数据保护，NAS 服务器已成为个人和企业重要的数据备份介质。 KISA 和 MIST 强调 NAS 服务器越来越多地成为黑客和勒索软件的目标。因此，KISA 准备..." }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "PIPC Order Designating Road Traffic Authority as Specialised Agency for Pseudonym Information Combination", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9955#LINK", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea designated the Road Traffic Authority as a specialised agency for combining pseudonym information. This designation, the second in the transportation field following the Korea Expressway Corporation, allows the Authority to combine various traffic accident data with welfare, medical, and communication data into pseudonymised information. The aim is to utilise this information for research purpos...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 命令指定道路交通管理局作为化名信息组合的专门机构", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 29 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 指定道路交通管理局为合并假名信息的专门机构。这是交通领域继韩国高速公路公司之后的第二个指定，允许管理局将各种交通事故数据与福利、医疗和通信数据结合成假名信息。目的是将这些信息用于研究目的..." }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Personal Information Commission investigation into Worldcoin for potential data protection violations", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10608#LINK", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission of South Korea issued a ruling imposing a fine of KRW 720 million and KRW 379 million against Worldcoin Foundation and Tools for Humanity Corporation respectively for violating the Personal Information Protection Act. Tools for Humanity manages the World App and processes personal data, including biometric information, for Worldcoin users. The ruling highlighted that the companies did not comply with the obligations of the A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息委员会对 Worldcoin 潜在数据保护违规行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2024年9月26日，韩国个人信息保护委员会发布裁决，对Worldcoin基金会和Tools for Humanity Corporation分别处以7.2亿韩元和3.79亿韩元的罚款，罪名是违反《个人信息保护法》。 Tools for Humanity 为世界币用户管理世界应用程序并处理个人数据，包括生物识别信息。该裁决强调，这些公司没有遵守 A..." }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "Decree No. 34287 on Cyber Security Business Regulations", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=261003&lsId=013942&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsInfoP&viewCls=lsInfoP&efYd=20240305&vSct=*&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the President of the Republic of Korea signed Decree No. 34287 amending the Cyber Security Business Regulations. The Decree stipulates that the head of a central administrative agency is obligated to provide the necessary training to their subordinated public officials and employees who perform cybersecurity work in order to increase awareness of cybersecurity. Furthermore, the decree gives the Director of the National Intelligence Service the power to implement and oversee c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于网络安全业务法规的第 34287 号法令", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 5 日，大韩民国总统签署了第 34287 号法令，修改《网络安全业务条例》。该法令规定，中央行政机关负责人有义务对其属下从事网络安全工作的公职人员和工作人员进行必要的培训，提高网络安全意识。此外，该法令赋予国家情报局局长实施和监督..." }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "PIPC Investigation into Personal Data Processing by Major Overseas Direct Purchase Companies", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9974#LINK", "description": "On 7 March 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) of the Republic of Korea announced the commencement of an investigation into the collection and processing of personal information by major overseas direct purchase companies. The investigation, initiated in response to issues raised during a National Assembly audit, aims to assess the adequacy of personal information processing policies, overseas transfers, and safety measure obligations under the Personal Information Prot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC对主要海外直购公司个人数据处理的调查", "description_zh": "2024年3月7日，韩国个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）宣布对主要海外直购公司收集和处理个人信息的情况展开调查。此次调查是针对国会审计期间提出的问题而发起的，旨在评估个人信息保护政策、海外传输和安全措施义务的充分性。" }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "KCC general inspection of unregistered text service providers", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184166&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced that starting from 13 March 2024, it will conduct an inspection of unregistered text service providers for voice phishing prevention and eradication. The KCC noted that providers are sending voice messages, illegal advertisements, and illegal gambling-related texts to domestic users through overseas telecommunication companies. In particular, the KCC will monitor overseas messaging websites, collaborate with authorities and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "KCC 对未注册短信服务提供商的一般检查", "description_zh": "2024年3月12日，韩国通信委员会（KCC）宣布，自2024年3月13日起，将对未注册的短信服务提供商进行语音网络钓鱼预防和消除检查。 KCC 指出，提供商通过海外电信公司向国内用户发送语音消息、非法广告和非法赌博相关文本。特别是，KCC 将监控海外消息网站，与当局合作并......" }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Investigation into compliance with data protection regulations in Measures Related to Overseas Online Platforms framework", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9983#LINK", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) issued the Measures Related to Overseas Online Platforms framework at the Emergency Economic Ministers' Meeting chaired by the Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs. The framework aims to ensure that domestic laws are enforced without discrimination, including strengthening surveillance for violations of the law by overseas online platforms and promptly dealing with any violations. Under the framework, the Personal Information Protection ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《境外网络平台相关办法》框架下数据保护规定合规情况调查", "description_zh": "2024年3月13日，公平贸易委员会（FTC）在经济事务副总理主持的紧急经济部长会议上发布了《海外网络平台相关措施框架》。该框架旨在确保国内法律不受歧视地执行，包括加强对海外网络平台违法行为的监控并及时处理任何违法行为。在此框架下，个人信息保护..." }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "PIPC Personal Information Impact Assessment Performance Guide", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS217&mCode=D010030000&nttId=10089#LINK", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the Personal Information Impact Assessment Performance Guide. The guide clarifies the obligations regarding impact assessments following the amendments made to the Personal Information Protection Act by Law No. 19234, which entered into force on 15 September 2023 and the amendments to its Enforcement Decree that entered into force on 1 January 2024. In particular, the guide provides information on pseudonymous dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 个人信息影响评估绩效指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 18 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 通过了《个人信息影响评估绩效指南》。该指南澄清了根据第 19234 号法律对《个人信息保护法》（于 2023 年 9 月 15 日生效）进行的修订以及对其于 2024 年 1 月 1 日生效的《执行令》的修订所产生的影响评估的义务。特别是，该指南提供了有关假名数据的信息。" }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "PIPC investigation into True Good Travel, Luan Korea, and D.H. International over alleged non-compliance with Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=9988#LINK", "description": "On 14 March 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) imposed fines of KRW 339'907 million and penalties of KRW 18 million on True Good Travel, Luan Korea, and D.H. International. The companies were found to have violated Article 29 of the Personal Information Protection Act by failing to operate an intrusion detection system and allowing personal information handlers to access the personal information processing system from outside through the information and communi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 对 True Good Travel、Luan Korean 和 D.H. International 涉嫌不遵守《个人信息保护法》进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 3 月 14 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 对 True Good Travel、Luan Korea 和 D.H. International 处以 3,399.07 亿韩元的罚款，以及 1,800 万韩元的罚款。各公司未设置入侵检测系统，允许个人信息处理者通过信息通信从外部访问个人信息处理系统，违反个人信息保护法第29条规定。" }, { "date": "14 March 2023", "title": "PIPC approved self-regulatory code in e-commerce sector (seller tool sector)", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10025#LINK", "description": "On 14 March 2023, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) announced it approved the three new companies, including One Zero Soft Co., Ltd., Commerce Korea Co., Ltd., and Pimms Co., Ltd, proposed self-regulatory code for platforms in the e-commerce sector. The three companies thereby join eight companies that have already implemented the self-regulatory codes, including Gabia CNS Ltd (Isellers), Dow Technology Ltd. (Sabangnet), Shoplinker CN (formerly Nemo Commerce, Shoplinker), S...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC批准电子商务领域自律规范（卖家工具领域）", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 14 日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）宣布批准 One Zero Soft Co., Ltd.、Commerce Korean Co., Ltd. 和 Pimms Co., Ltd. 等三家新公司提出的电子商务领域平台自律规范。这三家公司加入了八家已经实施自律准则的公司行列，包括 Gabia CNS Ltd (Isellers)、Dow Technology Ltd. (Sabangnet)、Shoplinker CN（原 Nemo Commerce、Shoplinker）、S..." }, { "date": "4 January 2024", "title": "PIPC Pseudonymisation System", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=10039#LINK", "description": "On 1 April 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC), in collaboration with related organisations, announced the development of a pseudonymisation system. The system aims to utilise pseudonymised information to support socio-economic problem-solving through the secure use of data. The initiative offers a comprehensive support system for research and development projects, providing free consultation on topics ranging from dataset security to data combination. It addres...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC 假名系统", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 1 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 与相关组织合作，宣布开发假名系统。该系统旨在利用假名信息通过安全使用数据来支持社会经济问题的解决。该计划为研发项目提供了全面的支持系统，提供从数据集安全到数据组合等主题的免费咨询。它地址..." }, { "date": "4 April 2024", "title": "AI Strategy High-Level Council", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184296&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 4 April 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced the establishment of the AI Strategy High-Level Council, a governance body for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI). The Council will have members from the public and private sectors, 32 members including experts on AI semiconductors, research and development, ethics and safety and 7 public officials from government ministries. The Council aims to strengthen AI infrastructure, make policy recommendations, and ensure r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能战略高层委员会", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 4 日，科学和信息通信部 (MSIT) 宣布成立人工智能战略高级委员会，作为人工智能 (AI) 监管的治理机构。该委员会将由来自公共和私营部门的成员组成，其中 32 名成员包括人工智能半导体、研发、道德和安全方面的专家以及来自政府部委的 7 名公职人员。该委员会旨在加强人工智能基础设施、提出政策建议并确保..." }, { "date": "4 December 2024", "title": "Korea-US AI Working Group for ML and AI Development", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184348&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 12 April 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea, in collaboration with the United States, launched the Korea-US Artificial Intelligence (AI) Working Group. The initiative follows the Next Generation Core and Emerging Technology Dialogue from December 2023. The Working Group will focus on bilateral cooperation in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, international AI standards, research cooperation, polic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩美机器学习和人工智能开发人工智能工作组", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 12 日，韩国科学技术信息通信部和外交部与美国合作成立了韩美人工智能 (AI) 工作组。该倡议是在 2023 年 12 月举行的下一代核心和新兴技术对话之后提出的。工作组将重点关注机器学习和人工智能开发、国际人工智能标准、研究合作、政策等领域的双边合作。" }, { "date": "21 April 2024", "title": "Privacy by Design Certification for Technological Consumer Goods Pilot Programme", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10090", "description": "On 21 April 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) and the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) granted the first certification under a Privacy by Design pilot certification program to a home security camera system developed by SK Shieldus. The certification process involved an evaluation and testing of four products, with SK Shieldus's 'CAPS Home InnerGuard' meeting all the criteria after vulnerabilities were addressed. This initiative aims to enhance the safety of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "技术消费品试点计划的隐私设计认证", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 21 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 和韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 向 SK Shieldus 开发的家庭安全摄像头系统授予了隐私设计试点认证计划的首个认证。认证过程涉及对四种产品的评估和测试，其中 SK Shieldus 的“CAPS Home InnerGuard”在漏洞得到解决后满足所有标准。该举措旨在提高……的安全性。" }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "PIPC Revised guidelines of personal information processing policy", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10125#LINK", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued revised guidelines for drafting privacy policies, aligning them with amendments to the Personal Information Protection Act. The revised guidelines contain provisions on online behavioural information processing, emphasising transparency and accountability in data collection, use, and provision, especially in the context of personalised advertising. The guidelines encourage disclosure of behavioural information coll...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC修订个人信息处理政策指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 4 月 30 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 发布了起草隐私政策的修订指南，使其与《个人信息保护法》修正案保持一致。修订后的指南包含有关在线行为信息处理的规定，强调数据收集、使用和提供的透明度和问责制，特别是在个性化广告方面。该指南鼓励披露行为信息收集..." }, { "date": "5 February 2024", "title": "PIPC Guidelines for Using Public Personal Information in AI Development and Services", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10138#LINK", "description": "On 2 May 2024, the South Korean Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) announced that it was in the process of drawing up the Guidelines for Using Public Personal Information in AI Development and Services. The Guidelines aim to establish standards for safely processing disclosed, openly available personal data, which is crucial for AI learning. The PIPC plans to finalise the guidelines in May after considering input from experts and ministries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC 在人工智能开发和服务中使用公共个人信息的指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 2 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）宣布正在起草《人工智能开发和服务中公共个人信息使用指南》。该指南旨在建立安全处理公开的个人数据的标准，这对于人工智能学习至关重要。 PIPC 计划在考虑专家和各部委的意见后于 5 月最终确定该指南。" }, { "date": "13 May 2024", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT software supply chain security guidelines", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184474&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), in collaboration with the National Intelligence Service and the Digital Platform Government Committee, announced the release of the \"Software supply chain security guidelines\". The guidelines outline measures that entities are required to follow and recommendations for addressing security risks in the software supply chain. The guidelines include findings from Software Bill of Material (SBOM) trials and security testbeds, and they serve ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部软件供应链安全指南", "description_zh": "2024年5月13日，科学和信息通信部（MSIT）与国家情报局和数字平台政府委员会合作，宣布发布《软件供应链安全指南》。该指南概述了实体必须遵循的措施以及解决软件供应链中安全风险的建议。该指南包括软件物料清单 (SBOM) 试验和安全测试台的结果，它们服务于……" }, { "date": "6 July 2024", "title": "PIPC standards for actions by personal information processors regarding automated decisions", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10174#LINK", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes its public consultation on the standards for actions by personal information processors regarding automated decisions. The standards address how companies and institutions must act when data subjects exercise their rights concerning automated Artificial Intelligence (AI) decisions. In particular, the standards include requirements such as providing clear explanations for significant automated decisions, suspen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人信息处理者有关自动决策的行为的 PIPC 标准", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 7 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 结束了关于个人信息处理者有关自动决策的行为标准的公众咨询。这些标准规定了当数据主体行使其有关自动化人工智能 (AI) 决策的权利时，公司和机构必须如何采取行动。特别是，这些标准包括为重大自动化决策提供清晰解释、暂停...等要求。" }, { "date": "21 June 2024", "title": "PIPC Guide to the Rights of Data Subjects Regarding Automated Decision-Making", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=10186", "description": "On 21 June 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes its consultation on the draft Guide to the Rights of Data Subjects Regarding Automated Decision-Making. The draft guide has been developed in response to the implementation of the Data subject rights regarding automated decisions in the Personal Information Protection Act Enforcement Decree (Presidential Decree No. 34309), which took effect on 15 March 2024. The draft guide's objective is to enhance understanding am...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC 关于自动决策的数据主体权利指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 21 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 结束了对《自动决策数据主体权利指南》草案的磋商。该指南草案是为了响应于 2024 年 3 月 15 日生效的《个人信息保护法执行令》（第 34309 号总统令）中关于自动决策的数据主体权利的实施而制定的。该指南草案的目的是增进对……的理解。" }, { "date": "6 December 2024", "title": "Communications Commission investigation into Apple's compliance with location information protection laws", "url": "https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=61792", "description": "On 12 June 2024, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) concluded its investigation into Apple Korea, finding the company in violation of the Location Information Act. The violations included inadequate disclosure of terms of use, non-compliance with specifications and consent related to location information policies, and insufficient managerial and technical protective measures. As a result, Apple Korea was fined KRW 210 million and received a penalty of KRW 12 million. The investigation ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信委员会对苹果遵守位置信息保护法的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 12 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 结束了对苹果韩国公司的调查，发现该公司违反了《位置信息法》。违规行为包括使用条款披露不充分、不遵守与位置信息政策相关的规范和同意以及管理和技术保护措施不足。结果，苹果韩国公司被罚款2.1亿韩元，并受到1200万韩元的罚款。调查..." }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "2024 Personal Information Processing Policy Evaluation Plan", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11856", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued recommendations following discussions with generative AI companies on improving personal information handling policies to increase transparency in Artificial Intelligence (AI) data processing. The discussions addressed the personal information processing policy evaluation system, which examines whether companies clearly disclose the categories of personal data they handle, the legal basis for such processing, retent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2024年个人信息处理政策评估计划", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 4 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 在与生成型 AI 公司讨论后发布了关于改进个人信息处理政策以提高人工智能 (AI) 数据处理透明度的建议。讨论涉及个人信息处理政策评估体系，该体系审查公司是否明确披露其处理的个人数据的类别、此类处理的法律依据、保留......" }, { "date": "17 June 2024", "title": "KCC initiative to strengthen international collaboration in combating distribution of false and manipulated information online", "url": "https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&boardSeq=61877", "description": "On 17 June 2024, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced an initiative to strengthen international collaboration in combating the distribution of false and manipulated information online, facilitated by technologies such as deepfake. Acknowledging the global reach of misinformation through social media and video platforms, KCC emphasised the necessity of joint efforts among countries and platform operators. The commitment follows discussions at international summits where consensu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "KCC 倡议加强国际合作，打击网上虚假和操纵信息的传播", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 17 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 宣布了一项倡议，旨在加强国际合作，打击在 Deepfake 等技术的推动下在线传播虚假和操纵信息。 KCC 承认社交媒体和视频平台上的错误信息在全球范围内传播，并强调各国和平台运营商共同努力的必要性。这一承诺是在国际峰会上进行讨论后达成的共识……" }, { "date": "30 June 2024", "title": "PIPC standards for personal information protection-oriented design in smart home devices such as robot hoovers", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10294#LINK", "description": "On 30 June 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) adopted standards for personal information protection in smart home devices such as robot vacuum cleaners. The PIPC launched a pilot certification program to prevent data breaches. Following the 2023 certification of a home security camera, the 2024 pilot includes products such as camera-equipped robot vacuums and home robots. The Privacy by Design (PbD) Certification ensures data protection is integrated into product deve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 标准，适用于扫地机器人等智能家居设备中以个人信息保护为导向的设计", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 30 日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）通过了机器人吸尘器等智能家居设备的个人信息保护标准。 PIPC 启动了一项试点认证计划，以防止数据泄露。继 2023 年获得家庭安全摄像头认证后，2024 年试点项目包括配备摄像头的扫地机器人和家用机器人等产品。隐私设计 (PbD) 认证可确保将数据保护集成到产品开发中..." }, { "date": "7 February 2024", "title": "PIPC order designating three new pilot organisations as \"Personal Information Safe Zones\"", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10303#LINK", "description": "On 2 July 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of South Korea announced the designation of three new pilot institutions as \"Personal Information Safe Zones\". In particular, these institutions are the Korea Expressway Corporation, the Korea Social Security Information Service, and Douzone Bizon. The Korea Expressway Corporation, supported by the government, will enhance the analysis and utilisation of land and transportation data. The Korea Social Security Information In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 命令指定三个新试点组织为“个人信息安全区”", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 2 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）宣布指定三个新试点机构为“个人信息安全区”。特别是，这些机构是韩国高速公路公社、韩国社会保障信息院和 Douzone Bizon。韩国高速公路公司在政府的支持下，将加强土地和交通数据的分析和利用。韩国社会保障信息..." }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT measures against voice phishing in the telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156640022&pageIndex=1&repCodeType=&repCode=&startDate=2023-07-08&endDate=2024-07-08&srchWord=&period=", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT announced measures against voice phishing in the telecommunications sector. The measures aim to prevent the misuse of telecommunications services for voice phishing crimes and proactively respond to new crime techniques. Despite a reduction in voice phishing incidents since 2022, 2024 has seen a significant increase in phishing texts and spam, necessitating additional measures. In particular, the measures address strategies that include blocking...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部针对电信领域语音网络钓鱼的措施", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 8 日，科学和信息通信技术部宣布了针对电信领域语音网络钓鱼的措施。这些措施旨在防止滥用电信服务进行语音网络钓鱼犯罪，并积极应对新的犯罪手段。尽管自 2022 年以来语音网络钓鱼事件有所减少，但到 2024 年，网络钓鱼文本和垃圾邮件却显着增加，因此需要采取额外的措施。特别是，这些措施涉及的策略包括阻止……" }, { "date": "7 September 2024", "title": "MOIS, NFS, and KETI memorandum of understanding on combating new deepfake crimes through advanced video analysis", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156640086&pageIndex=1&repCodeType=&repCode=&startDate=2023-07-09&endDate=2024-07-09&srchWord=&period=", "description": "On 9 July 2024, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS), the National Forensic Service (NFS), and the Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on combating new deepfake crimes through advanced video analysis. The MoU focuses on forensic science and advanced technology sectors, specifically targeting artificial intelligence (AI) based video and audio analysis technologies. The MoU provides for cooperation in the research and development of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MOIS、NFS 和 KETI 关于通过高级视频分析打击新型深度造假犯罪的谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 9 日，内政和安全部 (MOIS)、国家法医服务 (NFS) 和韩国电子技术研究所 (KETI) 签署了一份关于通过先进视频分析打击新型深度造假犯罪的谅解备忘录 (MoU)。该谅解备忘录重点关注法证科学和先进技术领域，特别针对基于人工智能 (AI) 的视频和音频分析技术。该谅解备忘录规定了在研究和开发方面的合作……" }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "Standard on Data Quality for Data Analysis and Machine Learning (ISO/IEC 5259)", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156641678&pageIndex=1&repCodeType=&repCode=&startDate=2023-07-18&endDate=2024-07-18&srchWord=%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8&period=year", "description": "On 18 July 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) of the Republic of Korea announced the adoption of the international standard for evaluating and managing data quality in artificial intelligence (AI) development, officially recognised as ISO/IEC 5259-1:2024. The initiative, led by Korea and approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee, introduces a framework aimed at enhancing AI safety and reliability through improved data quality. The stand...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据分析和机器学习的数据质量标准 (ISO/IEC 5259)", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 18 日，韩国科学和信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 宣布采用评估和管理人工智能 (AI) 开发中数据质量的国际标准，正式认可为 ISO/IEC 5259-1:2024。该倡议由韩国牵头，并得到国际标准化组织（ISO）技术委员会的批准，引入了一个旨在通过提高数据质量来增强人工智能安全性和可靠性的框架。展台..." }, { "date": "23 July 2024", "title": "Simplified Certification System for Information Security and Personal Information Protection for SMEs", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10379", "description": "On 23 July 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Personal Information Protection Commission, and the Korea Internet and Security Agency adopted the Simplified Certification System for Information Security and Personal Information Protection tailored for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This system is designed for SMEs with ICT service sales under KRW 30 billion or those exceeding this threshold but lacking major information and communication facilities. However, critical inform...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中小企业信息安全和个人信息保护简化认证制度", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 23 日，科学和信息通信技术部、个人信息保护委员会和韩国互联网安全局采用了专为中小企业 (SME) 量身定制的信息安全和个人信息保护简化认证系统。该系统是为ICT服务销售额在300亿韩元以下或超过此门槛但缺乏主要信息和通信设施的中小企业设计的。然而，关键信息..." }, { "date": "13 August 2024", "title": "Korean Financial Supervisory Service investigation into Kakao's alleged unlawful transfer of personal data without user consent to Alipay", "url": "https://www.fss.or.kr/fss/bbs/B0000188/view.do?nttId=137604&menuNo=200218&cl1Cd=&sdate=&edate=&searchCnd=1&searchWrd=%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4&pageIndex=1", "description": "On 13 August 2024, the Korean Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) announced the results of its investigation into Kakao Pay's overseas payment services conducted between May and July 2024. The FSS concluded that Kakao has provided Alipay personal data of all customers registered with Kakao Pay, including data of users who had not consented to overseas payment services. In particular, the FSS found that Kakao Pay had shared personal data, such as user’s account name, phone number, email, and c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国金融监督院调查Kakao涉嫌未经用户同意向支付宝非法转移个人数据", "description_zh": "2024年8月13日，韩国金融监督院（FSS）公布了对Kakao Pay于2024年5月至7月期间进行的海外支付服务的调查结果。FSS得出的结论是，Kakao向支付宝提供了在Kakao Pay注册的所有客户的个人数据，包括未同意海外支付服务的用户的数据。特别是，FSS 发现 Kakao Pay 共享个人数据，例如用户的帐户名、电话号码、电子邮件和个人信息。" }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "PIPC Improvement of the Internet Blocking Measures System for Personal Information Processing Systems", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11364#LINK", "description": "On 9 August 2025, South Korea’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) closes the consultation on the regulation of uniform internet network blocking measures applying to personal information processors. The measures introduce flexible internet network blocking measures for personal information processors. The measures apply to large-scale processors managing personal data of over one million daily users allowing selective internet access on handler devices following risk analysis ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC 改进个人信息处理系统的互联网封锁措施系统", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 9 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 结束了有关适用于个人信息处理者的统一互联网网络封锁措施监管的磋商。这些措施为个人信息处理者引入了灵活的互联网网络封锁措施。这些措施适用于管理超过一百万日常用户个人数据的大型处理器，允许在风险分析后在处理设备上选择性地访问互联网......" }, { "date": "21 October 2024", "title": "PIPC Guideline on Notification on the Method of Transmitting Personal Information and Designation of Personal Information Management Organizations", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=10656#LINK", "description": "On 21 October 2024, the Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) of Korea closed its consultation on the guidelines for the methods of transmitting personal information and the designation of specialized institutions for managing such information. This initiative, in line with the amendments to the Personal Information Protection Act, aims to regulate the request and transmission procedures, set technical standards, and outline the designation criteria for managing institutions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC 关于个人信息传输方法和个人信息管理组织指定的通知指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 21 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）结束了关于个人信息传输方法和指定管理此类信息的专门机构的指导方针的磋商。该举措根据《个人信息保护法》修正案，旨在规范请求和传输程序，制定技术标准，并概述管理机构的指定标准。" }, { "date": "10 August 2024", "title": "Mutual Growth Council between Delivery Platforms and Partnered Businesses", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=10830", "description": "On 8 October 2024, the Korean Fair Trade Commission (FTC) issued a statement on the 6th meeting of the Mutual Growth Council between small business owners, consumers, and delivery platforms. The partnered businesses presented four main demands: reducing commission fees, improving receipt labeling, ceasing demands for \"Most Favored Nation\" status, and sharing delivery drivers' location information. Both parties discussed these issues along with additional matters such as promoting public deliv...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "交付平台与合作企业共同成长理事会", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 8 日，韩国公平贸易委员会（FTC）就小企业主、消费者和配送平台之间的共同成长委员会第六次会议发表声明。合作企业提出了四项主要要求：降低佣金、改进收据标签、停止对“最惠国”地位的要求以及共享送货司机的位置信息。双方讨论了这些问题以及其他问题，例如促进公共交付……" }, { "date": "14 October 2024", "title": "PIPC guide for personal video information protection and utilisation in autonomous driving AI development", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10678", "description": "On 14 October 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued a guide to the protection and use of personal video information for mobile video information processing devices, outlining the responsibilities and obligations of data controllers in autonomous driving AI development. The guide addresses concerns about privacy risks while supporting advancements in AI technology for self-driving systems. Data controllers must adhere to principles of transparency, legality, and mi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自动驾驶AI开发中个人视频信息保护与利用PIPC指南", "description_zh": "2024年10月14日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）发布了移动视频信息处理设备个人视频信息保护和使用指南，概述了自动驾驶人工智能开发中数据控制者的责任和义务。该指南解决了人们对隐私风险的担忧，同时支持自动驾驶系统人工智能技术的进步。数据控制者必须遵守透明、合法和保密的原则..." }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "Singapore-Korea mutual recognition agreement for recognition of cybersecurity labels", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/Press-Releases/2024/singapore-signs-mutual-recognition-arrangements-with-republic-of-korea-and-germany-on-cybersecurity-labelling-for-consumer-smart-products", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore implemented a mutual recognition arrangement with the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) for the recognition of cybersecurity labels, applying to smart consumer products such as smart home assistants and Internet of Things (IoT) gateways. The arrangement establishes mutual recognition of cybersecurity labels, allowing products certified under KISA’s certification of IoT cybersecurity and Singapore’s cybersecurity label to be accep...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡-韩国网络安全标签互认协议", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 1 日，新加坡网络安全局与韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 实施了网络安全标签互认安排，适用于智能家居助理和物联网 (IoT) 网关等智能消费产品。该安排建立了网络安全标签的相互认可，允许通过 KISA 物联网网络安全认证和新加坡网络安全标签认证的产品被接受..." }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT regulatory sandbox review and exceptions for emerging technologies", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3185017&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) adopted 15 special regulatory exceptions for various technologies and among these exceptions is the real-time fraud detection service that focuses on preventing voice phishing crimes. The service, developed by KT and the National Forensic Service, alerts users of suspected scam calls through language models and speaker recognition. However, under the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA), the voice recordings of scammers are clas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部监管沙箱审查和新兴技术的例外情况", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 17 日，科学和信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 针对各种技术通过了 15 项特殊监管例外，其中重点是预防语音网络钓鱼犯罪的实时欺诈检测服务。该服务由 KT 和国家法证局开发，通过语言模型和说话人识别来提醒用户可疑的诈骗电话。然而，根据《个人信息保护法》(PIPA)，诈骗者的录音属于机密……" }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "PIPC order on strengthening responses to online personal information exposure and illegal distribution", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10702#LINK", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted an order to strengthen measures aimed at combating the exposure and illegal distribution of personal data online. The order is intended to prevent secondary damage, such as identity theft. It focuses on utilising Artificial Intelligence and machine learning technologies to detect and remove exposed personal data efficiently. The order emphasises expanding collaboration with internet service providers and the pol...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC关于加强对网上个人信息暴露和非法传播的应对措施的命令", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 23 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 通过了一项命令，加强旨在打击在线暴露和非法传播个人数据的措施。该命令旨在防止二次损害，例如身份盗窃。它专注于利用人工智能和机器学习技术来有效检测和删除暴露的个人数据。该命令强调扩大与互联网服务提供商和警方的合作..." }, { "title": "EU-South Korea equivalence recognition system enabling mutual data transfer framework", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11507", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission of Korea (PIPC) recognised the European Union's (EU) personal data framework as equivalent. The arrangement covers both public authorities and private companies transferring data between the EU and Korea. It ensures strong protections for citizens’ personal data while allowing smooth cross-border data flows. The arrangement complements the EU-Korea Free Trade Agreement and Digital Trade Agreement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "欧盟-韩国等效识别系统支持相互数据传输框架", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 16 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 承认欧盟 (EU) 个人数据框架具有同等效力。该安排涵盖了在欧盟和韩国之间传输数据的公共机构和私营公司。它确保对公民个人数据的有力保护，同时允许跨境数据流动顺畅。该安排是对欧盟-韩国自由贸易协定和数字贸易协定的补充。" }, { "date": "31 October 2024", "title": "MSIT data standard contract and usage guide", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3185062&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 31 October 2024, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology of Korea adopted the data standard contract and usage guide aimed at fostering a fair data contract environment amidst the growing demand for high-quality data utilisation. The standard applies to various data-related economic activities, including data provision, creation, processing, and brokerage transactions. The guide establishes obligations for parties involved in data transactions, ensuring clarity...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "MSIT数据标准合约及使用指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 31 日，韩国科学与信息通信技术部通过了数据标准合同和使用指南，旨在在高质量数据利用需求不断增长的情况下营造公平的数据合同环境。该标准适用于各种与数据相关的经济活动，包括数据提供、创建、处理和经纪交易。该指南规定了参与数据交易的各方的义务，确保清晰度......" }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "PIPC joint deepfake sex crime response plan of related ministries", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10730#LINK", "description": "On 6 November 2024, South Korea's Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) published a joint deepfake sex crime response plan of related ministries, focusing on interagency cooperation and preventive measures. The plan introduces stricter penalties for the creation and distribution of non-consensual manipulated materials and includes provisions for authorities to confiscate and freeze proceeds linked to deepfake-related crimes prior to formal indictments. The plan outlines measures to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "PIPC相关部委联合深度造假性犯罪应对方案", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 6 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）发布了相关部委联合深度伪造性犯罪应对计划，重点关注机构间合作和预防措施。该计划对未经同意的操纵材料的制作和传播实行更严格的处罚，并规定当局在正式起诉之前没收和冻结与深度造假相关犯罪相关的收益。该计划概述了措施..." }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "Republic of Korea-United Kingdom declaration on cybersecurity cooperation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-4th-republic-of-korea-uk-cyber-dialogue-held-in-london", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom (UK) adopted a declaration on strengthening cybersecurity cooperation following a Cyber Dialogue. The parties agreed on enhancing bilateral cooperation in cybersecurity, addressing topics such as threat management, deterrence strategies, countering malicious online activities, and strengthening public-private partnerships. Additionally, the parties noted that they will cooperate on cyber capacity building, skills development, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国-英国网络安全合作宣言", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 6 日，韩国和英国在网络对话后通过了关于加强网络安全合作的宣言。双方同意加强网络安全领域的双边合作，讨论威胁管理、威慑战略、打击恶意网络活动以及加强公私伙伴关系等议题。此外，双方还指出，他们将在网络能力建设、技能开发等方面进行合作。" }, { "date": "15 November 2024", "title": "Office for Government Policy Coordination demand survey into regulatory sandbox expansion in data-driven sectors", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156660435", "description": "On 15 November 2024, the Office for Government Policy Coordination announced a demand survey into the expansion of the Planning-type Regulatory Sandbox to address new technologies and regulatory challenges until 13 December 2024. This initiative will propose tasks for regulatory exemptions and select businesses to test them. It will be implemented across multiple sectors, including ICT, industrial convergence, innovative finance, regulatory-free zones, smart cities, research and development z...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "政府政策协调办公室对数据驱动行业监管沙箱扩展的需求调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 15 日，政府政策协调办公室宣布对扩大规划型监管沙箱进行需求调查，以应对新技术和监管挑战，直至 2024 年 12 月 13 日。该举措将提出监管豁免任务并选择企业进行测试。它将在多个领域实施，包括信息通信技术、产业融合、创新金融、自由监管区、智慧城市、研发领域……" }, { "date": "19 November 2024", "title": "Korean Communications Commission investigation into distribution of deepfake sexual abuse materials on Telegram", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=64498", "description": "On 19 November 2024, the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) announced that Telegram had complied with its request to address the distribution of illegal content, including deepfake sexual abuse materials on its platform. Following this request on 7 November 2024, Telegram appointed a designated Youth Protection Manager on 9 November 2024 and provided a hotline email for administrative communication. Telegram stated its intention to manage illegal content on its platform and cooperate clos...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国通信委员会对 Telegram 上传播 Deepfake 性虐待材料展开调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 19 日，韩国通信委员会 (KCC) 宣布 Telegram 已遵守其要求，解决其平台上传播非法内容的问题，包括深度伪造的性虐待材料。根据 2024 年 11 月 7 日的请求，Telegram 于 2024 年 11 月 9 日任命了一名指定的青少年保护经理，并提供了用于行政沟通的热线电子邮件。 Telegram 表示打算管理其平台上的非法内容并密切合作..." }, { "date": "19 December 2024", "title": "AI Privacy Risk Assessment and Management Model for Personal Information Protection", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10870", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) adopted the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Privacy Risk Assessment and Management Model. The document supports autonomous privacy risk management among AI companies, enabling them to independently establish a safer and more responsible risk management system tailored to the specific contexts of their AI models and services. The model provides a framework for privacy risk management, including a greater focus on lif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护的AI隐私风险评估与管理模型", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 19 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 通过了人工智能 (AI) 隐私风险评估和管理模型。该文件支持人工智能公司之间的自主隐私风险管理，使他们能够根据其人工智能模型和服务的具体情况，独立建立更安全、更负责任的风险管理体系。该模型提供了隐私风险管理的框架，包括更加关注生命……" }, { "date": "22 January 2026", "title": "Design requirements in Bill on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust-Based Foundations (Bill no. DD20131)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/법령/인공지능 발전과 신뢰 기반 조성 등에 관한 기본법/(20676,20250121)", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Bill on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust-Based Foundations (Bill no. DD20131) enters into force. The Bill guides the ethical and responsible development and use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and incorporates 19 Bills for establishing rules for AI. The Bill defines the term \"high-impact artificial intelligence\" as an artificial intelligence system that may affect or cause danger to human life, physical safety, and fundamen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能发展和建立信任基金会法案》的设计要求（法案编号：DD20131）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 22 日，《人工智能发展和建立信任基金会法案》（法案编号 DD20131）生效。该法案指导人工智能 (AI) 技术的道德和负责任的开发和使用，并纳入了 19 项制定人工智能规则的法案。该法案将“高影响人工智能”一词定义为可能对人类生命、人身安全和基础设施造成影响或造成危险的人工智能系统……" }, { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "PIPC synthetic data creation and utilisation guide", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10871", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted the synthetic data creation and utilisation guide. The guide aims to support the safe creation and use of synthetic data across various sectors, addressing the lack of applicable standards and reference cases in the field. Synthetic data, being a privacy-enhancing technology, allows for the free sharing and utilisation of data without exposing personally identifiable or sensitive information. The guide outlines...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 合成数据创建和使用指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 18 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 通过了合成数据创建和使用指南。该指南旨在支持跨部门安全创建和使用合成数据，解决该领域缺乏适用标准和参考案例的问题。合成数据是一种隐私增强技术，允许免费共享和使用数据，而不会暴露个人身份信息或敏感信息。该指南概述了..." }, { "date": "26 December 2024", "title": "PIPC collaboration on privacy-related legal framework improvement", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10880", "description": "On 26 December 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) published a report of ongoing and completed actions to enhance privacy protections within the national legal framework. The report states that 61 out of 1,343 laws across 15 sectors, including taxation and industry, have been identified as posing privacy risks. Over a period of three years, the PIPC conducted an assessment of privacy risks in 5,192 laws and proposed changes for 327 laws across various areas. The assess...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "PIPC 合作改进隐私相关法律框架", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 26 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 发布了一份报告，介绍了在国家法律框架内为加强隐私保护而正在进行和已完成的行动。该报告指出，税务和工业等 15 个部门的 1,343 部法律中有 61 部已被确定存在隐私风险。在三年的时间里，PIPC 对 5,192 部法律的隐私风险进行了评估，并提议对各个领域的 327 部法律进行修改。评估..." }, { "date": "10 February 2025", "title": "Bill amending Personal Information Protection Act (No. 2208859) to strengthen domestic representative system for overseas businesses", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/law/lawsLawtInqyDetl1010.do?genActiontypeCd=2ACT1010&genDoctreattypeCd=DOCT2041&procWorkId=&workstepId=&repFlowId=&flowId=&workId=&workSno=&nextWinWd=%27&nextWinHg=%27%27&nextWinTypeAttr=%27&nextMappingId=&nextGenActiontypeCd=&contSid=0030&contId=2011032900000001&cachePreid=ALL&viewGb=PROM&genMenuId=menu_serv_nlaw_lawt_2000&back_contSid=0030&back_contId=2011032900000001&back_cachePreid=ALL&back_viewGb=PROM", "description": "On 2 October 2025, the amendment to the Personal Information Protection Act enters into force. The amendment requires overseas businesses with a local subsidiary to designate that subsidiary as their domestic representative. The amendment introduces new obligations and sanctions for non-compliance. It aims to strengthen South Korea’s domestic agent system and adjust personal data protection requirements for foreign entities operating in the country. The Personal Information Protection Commiss...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护法修正案（第2208859号）以加强海外企业的国内代表制度", "description_zh": "2025年10月2日，个人信息保护法修正案生效。该修正案要求拥有当地子公司的海外企业指定该子公司作为其境内代表。该修正案引入了新的义务和对违规行为的制裁。其目的是加强韩国国内代理系统，并调整在该国运营的外国实体的个人数据保护要求。个人信息保护委员会..." }, { "date": "27 February 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT pilot on transition to post-quantum cryptography", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=307&mPid=208&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3185512&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 27 February 2025, South Korea’s Ministry of Science and ICT announced a pilot project in collaboration with the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) to transition to quantum-resistant cryptography. The four-year initiative, running from 2025 to 2028, focuses on strengthening encryption in critical sectors such as energy, healthcare, and administrative services in response to security risks posed by quantum computing. The pilot aims to develop the necessary expertise, performance valid...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部关于向后量子密码学过渡的试点", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 27 日，韩国科学与信息通信技术部宣布与韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 合作开展一个试点项目，以过渡到抗量子密码技术。这项为期四年的计划从 2025 年到 2028 年，重点是加强能源、医疗保健和行政服务等关键领域的加密，以应对量子计算带来的安全风险。该试点旨在培养必要的专业知识、有效的绩效......" }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "Data access requirements for e-commerce platforms in Partial Amendment Bill to the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (Bill no. 2204947)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_Z2G4E1F0E1D6L1J5K3J3H0Q6O8N4O6", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the Partial Amendment Bill to the Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act (Bill no. 2204947) including data access requirements for e-commerce platforms was introduced to the National Assembly. The Bill proposes establishing new regulatory obligations for select digital service providers. The Bill seeks to impose prescriptive regulations on online platforms meeting specific market thresholds, including annual revenue of KRW 3 trillion (approximately USD 2.2 billion), or an ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《垄断规制与公平贸易法》部分修正案对电子商务平台的数据访问要求（法案编号：2204947）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 28 日，向国会提交了《垄断监管和公平贸易法》部分修正案（法案编号 2204947），其中包括电子商务平台的数据访问要求。该法案提议为选定的数字服务提供商制定新的监管义务。该法案旨在对满足特定市场门槛的在线平台实施规范性监管，包括年收入 3 万亿韩元（约 22 亿美元），或..." }, { "date": "18 March 2025", "title": "Establishment of the Defamation Dispute Mediation Committee in 2025 Amendment to Network Act (Bill No. 9044)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_H2E5F0L3K1J7R1Q0P1O4W3V6U6T4P9", "description": "On 18 March 2025, an amendment to the Network Act (Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilisation and Information Protection) was introduced to the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. The proposed amendment would establish the Defamation Dispute Mediation Committee as a body within the Korea Communications Standards Commission, composed of up to five members, including at least one qualified attorney. The Committee would be responsible for mediating disputes rel...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025年网络法修正案（第9044号法案）设立诽谤纠纷调解委员会", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 18 日，《网络法》修正案（《促进信息通信网络利用和信息保护法》）提交至韩国国会。拟议的修正案将设立诽谤纠纷调解委员会，作为韩国通信标准委员会内的一个机构，最多由五名成员组成，其中至少包括一名合格的律师。该委员会将负责调解有关争议..." }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Data protection risk assessment in Communications Commission user protection evaluation", "url": "https://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=66259", "description": "On 23 April 2025, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) announced that 47 companies were selected for the 2025 user protection evaluation, with new participants such as Temu and AliExpress joining returning platforms including Facebook, Instagram, and Coupang. An update to this year’s assessment is the inclusion of records of administrative action under the Personal Information Protection Act as a scoring factor, reflecting increased attention to data-related compliance within the scope o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信委员会用户保护评估中的数据保护风险评估", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 23 日，韩国通信委员会（KCC）宣布，选定 47 家公司参加 2025 年用户保护评估，Temu 和 AliExpress 等新参与者加入 Facebook、Instagram 和 Coupang 等回归平台。今年评估的更新是将《个人信息保护法》下的行政行为记录作为评分因素，反映出对数据相关合规性的日益关注。" }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Enforcement regulations implementing Bill amending Game Industry Promotion Act (Law No. 20485)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=270855&lsId=010313&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsInfoP&viewCls=lsInfoP&efYd=20250423&vSct=*&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 23 April 2025, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism Enforcement Regulations of the Act on the Promotion of the Game Industry under Decree No. 594 entered into force. The Enforcement Regulations specify procedures for age classification applications, reporting of content modifications, and the designation and re-designation of self-rating operators. They also define criteria for assessing speculative elements in games and outline measures in response to unauthorised content changes. ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "游戏产业振兴法修正法案实施细则（法第20485号）", "description_zh": "2025年4月23日，文化体育旅游部第594号令《游戏产业振兴法施行细则》正式生效。 《实施条例》规定了年龄分类申请、内容修改报告以及自评运营商指定和重新指定的程序。他们还定义了评估游戏中投机元素的标准，并概述了应对未经授权的内容更改的措施。 ..." }, { "date": "23 April 2025", "title": "Internet and Security Agency's recommendation on security patch for Chrome browser's automatic login vulnerability", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2495&page=1#fnPostAttachDownload", "description": "On 23 April 2025, the Korea Internet and Security Agency and the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology adopted a recommendation for users to apply a security patch to address a vulnerability in the Chrome browser’s automatic login function. The patch, developed in collaboration with Google, strengthens the encryption of stored login credentials to prevent data leaks in the event of cyberattacks, including malware infections. The recommendation applies to Chrome user...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "互联网和安全局建议针对Chrome浏览器自动登录漏洞提供安全补丁", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 23 日，韩国互联网安全局和科学与信息通信技术部采纳了用户应用安全补丁的建议，以解决 Chrome 浏览器自动登录功能中的漏洞。该补丁是与谷歌合作开发的，加强了存储登录凭据的加密，以防止在发生网络攻击（包括恶意软件感染）时发生数据泄露。该建议适用于 Chrome 用户..." }, { "date": "5 June 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission's Guide to System for Exercising the Right to Request Personal Information Transmission in All Sectors of MyData", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11172#LINK", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) released the Guide to the System for Exercising the Right to Request Personal Information Transmission in All Sectors of MyData to provide detailed instructions on exercising data subjects' transmission rights under the expanded MyData framework. The guide clarifies procedures for both self-transmission requests, in which data is transmitted directly to the individual, and third-party transmission requests, where data is sen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会关于在 MyData 的所有部门中行使请求传输个人信息的权利的系统指南", "description_zh": "2025年5月6日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）发布了《MyData各部门个人信息传输请求权行使制度指南》，为扩展后的MyData框架下数据主体传输权的行使提供了详细说明。该指南阐明了自传输请求（数据直接传输给个人）和第三方传输请求（数据发送给个人）的程序。" }, { "date": "13 May 2025", "title": "ftc.go.kr source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectBbsNttView.do?pageUnit=10&pageIndex=1&searchCnd=all&key=12&bordCd=3&searchCtgry=01,02&nttSn=46077", "description": "Official source record dated 13 May 2025 for South Korea concerning Fair Trade Commission inquiry on subscription services under Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act to assess consumer protection and market practices. See the linked ftc.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "公平贸易委员会根据垄断监管和公平贸易法对订阅服务进行调查，以评估消费者保护和市场实践", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 13 日，韩国公平贸易委员会 (KFTC) 宣布了一项关于订阅服务的市场研究。该研究适用于数字内容、软件即服务 (SaaS) 以及向韩国消费者提供订阅模式的会员服务提供商，涵盖 37 项国内和国际服务。它旨在评估与合同透明度、费用结构和取消程序相关的商业实践。该研究是根据《垄断条例》第 87(1) 条进行的，并且......" }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Assessment of Google's request to transfer high-precision national maps overseas", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/docViewer/skin/doc.html?fn=3913d38f2ee7479125bd8b58a2e5881e&rs=/docViewer/result/2026.02/27/3913d38f2ee7479125bd8b58a2e5881e", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the Inter-Agency Consultative Body on Overseas Transfer of Survey Results approved Google’s application to export 1:5,000 scale map data under the Spatial Information Management Act, subject to security conditions. The approval applies to digital mapping services and permits export only of limited, non-sensitive navigation data following government review and domestic processing on Korean servers operated by a local partner. Google is required to implement image security ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "谷歌向海外转让高精度国家地图请求的评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，调查结果海外转移机构间协商机构批准了谷歌根据《空间信息管理法》导出 ​​1:5,000 比例尺地图数据的申请，但须遵守安全条件。该批准适用于数字地图服务，并仅允许在经过政府审查并在当地合作伙伴运营的韩国服务器上进行国内处理后出口有限的非敏感导航数据。谷歌被要求实施图像安全..." }, { "date": "21 May 2025", "title": "Fair Trade Commission and Consumer Agency memorandum of cooperation on monitoring of unfair labelling and advertising", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectBbsNttView.do?pageUnit=10&pageIndex=1&searchCnd=all&key=12&bordCd=3&searchCtgry=01,02&nttSn=46103", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the Korea Fair Trade Commission (FTC) and the Korea Consumer Agency (KCA) announced a memorandum of cooperation to strengthen the monitoring and correction of unfair labelling and advertising practices. The memorandum links the KCA’s advertising status surveys, including consumer reporting and sector-based monitoring, with the FTC’s ex officio investigations under the Act on Fair Labelling and Advertising and the Act on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce. The memorandum of coop...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "公平贸易委员会与消费者机构关于监测不公平标签和广告的合作备忘录", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 21 日，韩国公平贸易委员会 (FTC) 和韩国消费者院 (KCA) 宣布了一份合作备忘录，以加强对不公平标签和广告行为的监控和纠正。该备忘录将 KCA 的广告状况调查（包括消费者报告和基于部门的监控）与 FTC 根据《公平标签和广告法》和《电子商务消费者保护法》进行的当然调查联系起来。合作备忘录..." }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT and Internet and Security Agency investigation into SK Telecom over data breach", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/policyBriefingView.do?newsId=156689741", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) announced second-phase findings of its investigation into SK Telecom (SKT) over a data breach. The MSIT specified that the investigation has expanded and will be conducted in two phases. Phase 1 runs from now through June 2025, in which MSIT will intensively inspect approximately 30'000 Linux servers over concerns of widespread BPFDoor malware infections. Phase 2 will expand the search to all servers (including non-Linux) in search of any...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部以及互联网和安全局对 SK Telecom 数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 19 日，科学和信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 公布了针对 SK Telecom (SKT) 数据泄露事件的第二阶段调查结果。 MSIT 指出，调查范围已扩大，并将分两个阶段进行。第一阶段从现在开始持续到 2025 年 6 月，在此阶段，MSIT 将集中检查大约 30,000 台 Linux 服务器，以防止广泛的 BPFDoor 恶意软件感染。第 2 阶段将把搜索范围扩大到所有服务器（包括非 Linux），以搜索任何..." }, { "date": "19 June 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission amended guidelines on public announcement and public announcement orders for violations of Personal Information Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11243", "description": "On 19 June 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission closes the public consultation on the partial amendment to the guidelines on public announcement and public announcement orders for violations of the Personal Information Protection Act. The proposed amendments include the explicit inclusion of public institutions under specific conditions, revisions to the Commission's authority to order public announcements, updates to terminology regarding such orders, and adjustments to the d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会修订违反个人信息保护法行为的公示及公示令的指导方针", "description_zh": "2025年6月19日，个人信息保护委员会结束关于违反个人信息保护法公示及公示令指南部分修改的公开咨询。拟议的修正案包括在特定条件下明确纳入公共机构、修改委员会发布公告的权力、更新有关此类命令的术语以及调整..." }, { "date": "17 June 2025", "title": "Copyright protection regulation in partial amendment to the Basic Act on the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of Trust-Based Framework (Bill No. 2210903)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/billDetail.do?billId=PRC_I2J5R0S6Q1R0P0P9O0K2K2I5J0H8I5", "description": "On 17 June 2025, a partial amendment to the Basic Act on the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of a Trust-Based Framework (Bill No. 2210903) was introduced to the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea. The proposal would establish a verification procedure under Article 31(4). This procedure would oblige artificial intelligence businesses to provide copyright holders, as defined in Article 2(7) of the Copyright Act, with a mechanism to verify whether their works...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《人工智能发展和建立信任框架基本法》部分修正案中的版权保护规定（法案第2210903号）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 17 日，向大韩民国国会提交了《人工智能发展和建立信任框架基本法》（法案第 2210903 号）的部分修正案。该提案将根据第 31 条第(4)款建立核查程序。这一程序将迫使人工智能企业向《版权法》第 2(7) 条所定义的版权所有者提供一种机制，以验证其作品是否......" }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "Communications Commission inquiry into handling of illegal filming materials by online platforms", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=R4lIIC02fFE6jZbvnXo0O_UDU-4J2AB0OubDpwO9.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=67335", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) adopted the Transparency Report on handling illegal filming materials, applying to online platforms including Naver, Kakao, Google, and Meta with annual revenue of over KRW 1 billion or more than 100'000 daily users. The report details how 81 domestic and foreign providers managed illegal filming materials, including sexually manipulated videos and child sexual exploitation content. The report highlighted 181'204 deletions or blocks in...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通讯委立案调查网络平台违规拍摄材料处理情况", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 4 日，韩国通信委员会（KCC）通过了关于处理非法拍摄材料的透明度报告，适用于年收入超过 10 亿韩元或每日用户超过 10 万的在线平台，包括 Naver、Kakao、Google 和 Meta。该报告详细介绍了 81 家国内外提供商如何管理非法拍摄材料，包括性操纵视频和儿童性剥削内容。该报告强调了 181,204 个删除或阻止..." }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "Korean government source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156696808&pageIndex=1&repCodeType=&repCode=&startDate=2024-07-04&endDate=2025-07-04&srchWord=&period=", "description": "Official source record dated 7 April 2025 for South Korea concerning Intellectual Property Office inquiry into strengthening patent competitiveness of Artificial Intelligence innovation companies. See the linked korea.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "知识产权局关于加强人工智能创新企业专利竞争力的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 4 日，韩国特许厅 (KIPO) 启动了一项调查，旨在提高整个人工智能 (AI) 价值链（包括硬件、数据基础设施和应用）的专利竞争力和全球扩张战略。会议强调，在快速增长的全球人工智能市场预计到2030年将达到1.4万亿美元的背景下，应扩大研发和海外专利支持以及加快专利审查流程的重点。基普..." }, { "date": "23 July 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology's AI-based early response system for child and youth sexual exploitation online", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=307&mPid=208&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3186037&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 23 July 2025, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology launched the Artificial Intelligence (AI) -based early response system for child and youth sexual exploitation online ICT (MSIT). The system applies to online platforms hosting content related to child and youth sexual exploitation. It introduces a self-learning AI system for continuous monitoring, automatic detection of harmful keywords and images, and Application Programming Interface-driven reporting and...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部基于人工智能的儿童和青少年在线性剥削早期响应系统", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 23 日，科学和信息通信技术部启动了基于人工智能 (AI) 的儿童和青少年在线性剥削信息通信技术早期响应系统 (MSIT)。该系统适用于托管与儿童和青少年性剥削相关内容的在线平台。它引入了一个自学习人工智能系统，用于持续监控、自动检测有害关键字和图像，以及应用程序编程接口驱动的报告和..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Presidential Decree No. 35674 amending Enforcement Decree of the Communications Secrets Protection Act", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=272943&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#rvsBot", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Presidential Decree No. 35674 partially amending the Enforcement Decree of the Communications Secrets Protection Act enters into force. The amendment was adopted pursuant to the revision of the Communications Secrets Protection Act (Act No. 20735, promulgated on 31 January 2025, effective 1 August 2025), which elevated the grounds and procedures for the revocation of wiretapping equipment approval from presidential decree to statutory law. Under Article 21 of the Enforce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修改通信秘密保护法施行令的总统令第35674号", "description_zh": "2025年8月1日，部分修改《通信秘密保护法施行令》的第35674号总统令生效。该修正案是根据《通信秘密保护法》（第20735号法，2025年1月31日颁布，2025年8月1日生效）的修订而通过的，将撤销窃听设备批准的理由和程序从总统令提升为成文法。根据《强制执行法》第 21 条..." }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Communications Secrets Protection Act (Act No. 20735, Partial Amendment)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=268703&lsId=000036&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsInfoP&viewCls=lsInfoP&efYd=20250801&vSct=20735&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the partially amended Communications Secrets Protection Act (Act No. 20735) enters into force, reinforcing legal provisions concerning government access to data. The amendment introduced Article 10(5), which requires the Minister of Science and ICT to revoke approval for wiretapping equipment if the approval was obtained through false or other improper means, or in the event of a violation of Article 4. The provision elevates the grounds for revocation from Presidential Decr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信秘密保护法（法第 20735 号，部分修正案）", "description_zh": "部分修订的《通信秘密保护法》（第 20735 号法）于 2025 年 8 月 1 日生效，强化了有关政府获取数据的法律规定。该修正案引入了第 10 条第(5)款，要求科学和信息通信技术部长撤销对窃听设备的批准，如果通过虚假或其他不正当手段获得批准，或者违反第 4 条。该条款提高了总统令撤销的理由。" }, { "date": "9 February 2025", "title": "Internet and Security Agency and Consumer Agency investigation into cybersecurity vulnerabilities of robot vacuum cleaners", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2529#fnPostAttachDownload", "description": "On 2 September 2025, the Korea Internet and Security Agency and Korea Consumer Agency released a security assessment of six robot vacuum cleaner brands, including Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, Narwal, Dreame, Roborock, and Ecovacs, distributed in the South Korean market. The assessment listed vulnerabilities that could expose users' interior photographs, allow unauthorised camera activation, and leak personal information. The assessment, conducted across 40 security parameters covering...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "互联网与安全局和消费者机构对机器人吸尘器的网络安全漏洞进行调查", "description_zh": "2025年9月2日，韩国网络振兴院和韩国消费者院发布了对韩国市场上分布的三星电子、LG电子、Narwal、Dreame、Roborock、Ecovacs等6个扫地机器人品牌的安全评估。评估列出了可能暴露用户内部照片、允许未经授权的相机激活以及泄露个人信息的漏洞。该评估涉及 40 个安全参数，涵盖……" }, { "date": "9 May 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission's amendments to guideline on personal data impact assessments for institutions utilising Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11475#LINK", "description": "On 5 September 2025, the amendments to the guideline on personal data impact assessments adopted by the Personal Information Protection Commission enter into force. The guidelines apply to public institutions using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and may serve as a reference for private firms. The guidelines create AI-specific evaluation fields, covering the legality of data use, limits on sensitive data and retention of training datasets. It also focuses on safeguards against vulnerabilities, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会修订人工智能机构个人数据影响评估指南", "description_zh": "2025年9月5日，个人信息保护委员会通过的个人数据影响评估指南修正案生效。该指南适用于使用人工智能（AI）的公共机构，可为私营企业提供参考。该指南创建了人工智能特定的评估领域，涵盖数据使用的合法性、敏感数据的限制以及训练数据集的保留。它还侧重于针对漏洞的防护措施，..." }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Class action lawsuits against SK Telecom over alleged violations of Personal Information Protection Act following a customer data breach", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11474#LINK", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the Personal Information Dispute Mediation Committee resumed collective dispute mediation against SK Telecom after merging three suspended cases. The mediation concerns the 18 April 2025 data breach affecting about 23.24 million LTE and 5G users. Affected individuals who received notification or confirmed exposure through SKT’s service may apply to join until 18 September 2025. The Committee will verify eligibility within 10 days and prepare a mediation proposal within 60 d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "SK Telecom 因客户数据泄露涉嫌违反个人信息保护法而提起集体诉讼", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 28 日，个人信息纠纷调解委员会在合并了三个暂停的案件后，恢复了针对 SK Telecom 的集体纠纷调解。此次调解涉及 2025 年 4 月 18 日发生的影响约 2,324 万 LTE 和 5G 用户的数据泄露事件。通过 SKT 服务收到通知或确认接触的受影响个人可以在 2025 年 9 月 18 日之前申请加入。委员会将在 10 天内验证资格，并在 60 天内准备调解建议..." }, { "date": "15 September 2025", "title": "Regulations on personal information including fair use guidelines", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11506", "description": "On 15 September 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission announced measures on data and digital industries, including fair use guidelines for copyrighted works and a transaction and compensation system for copyrighted data. Public and pseudonymised data will be more accessible, with civil servant exemptions to encourage disclosure. Original video data can be used for autonomous driving within the year. Pilot zones for autonomous vehicles will expand to the city level. Regulations ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "个人信息法规，包括合理使用指南", "description_zh": "2025年9月15日，个人信息保护委员会宣布了针对数据和数字产业的措施，包括版权作品的合理使用指南以及版权数据的交易和补偿制度。公共和假名数据将更容易获取，公务员豁免以鼓励披露。原始视频数据年内可用于自动驾驶。自动驾驶汽车试验区将扩大到城市一级。法规..." }, { "date": "16 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and ICT investigation into alleged theft and sale of SK Telecom customer data", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=307&mPid=208&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3186260&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 16 September 2025, the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) opened an investigation into allegations by an international hacking group concerning the theft and sale of SK Telecom customer data. In coordination with the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA), the MSIT requested materials from SK Telecom and began on-site inspections to assess the claims. The investigation seeks to determine the circumstances of the alleged unauthorised access and sale of customer information. The Cyber Int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部对涉嫌盗窃和出售 SK Telecom 客户数据的调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 16 日，科学和信息通信技术部 (MSIT) 对一个国际黑客组织有关盗窃和出售 SK Telecom 客户数据的指控展开调查。 MSIT 与韩国互联网安全局 (KISA) 协调，向 SK Telecom 索要材料，并开始进行现场检查以评估索赔情况。该调查旨在确定涉嫌未经授权访问和出售客户信息的情况。网络国际..." }, { "date": "23 October 2025", "title": "Constitutional review of technical and administrative measures for preventing the distribution of illegally filmed materials (2021Hun-Ma290, 2021Hun-Ma1521)", "url": "https://www.ccourt.go.kr/site/kor/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=1195&bcIdx=4261339", "description": "On 23 October 2025, the Constitutional Court ruled in case 2021Hun-Ma290, with case 2021Hun-Ma1521 consolidated into it, concerning constitutional petitions challenging Article 22-5, Paragraph 2 of the Telecommunications Business Act (Act No. 17352, amended 9 June 2020) and Article 30-6, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Telecommunications Business Act (Presidential Decree No. 31223, amended 8 December 2020), which impose obligations on value-added telecommunications service...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对防止传播非法拍摄材料的技术和行政措施进行宪法审查（2021Hun-Ma290、2021Hun-Ma1521）", "description_zh": "2025年10月23日，宪法法院对第2021Hun-Ma290号案件作出裁决，并合并第2021Hun-Ma1521号案件，涉及质疑《电信事业法》（第17352号法，2020年6月9日修订）第22条之5第2款和《施行法》第30条之6第1款和第2款的宪法请愿书《电信业务法》法令（第 31223 号总统令，2020 年 12 月 8 日修订）规定了增值电信服务的义务..." }, { "date": "12 June 2025", "title": "Measures to strengthen effectiveness of security management systems certification", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11660#LINK", "description": "On 6 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) and the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology (MSICT) announced measures to strengthen the effectiveness of the Information Security Management System (ISMS) certification and the Information Security and Personal Information Protection Management System (ISMS-P) certification, citing repeated hacking and large-scale personal-data leakage incidents involving certified enterprises. The announce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加强安全管理体系认证有效性的措施", "description_zh": "2025年12月6日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）和科学和信息通信技术部（MSICT）针对认证企业屡屡发生黑客攻击和大规模个人数据泄露事件，宣布了加强信息安全管理体系（ISMS）认证和信息安全和个人信息保护管理体系（ISMS-P）认证有效性的措施。宣布..." }, { "date": "23 December 2025", "title": "Personal data incident prevention and investigation capacity expansion in revised Enforcement Decree and Enforcement Rules of the Personal Information Protection Commission", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11707#LINK", "description": "On 23 December 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) announced that the Cabinet approved revisions to the Enforcement Decree and Enforcement Rules governing the organisational structure of the PIPC. The revisions establish a Prevention and Coordination Officer and a Preliminary Inspection Division responsible for conducting prior inspections of personal data processing and identifying personal data risks before incidents occur. The revisions expand investigation and disp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修改后的《个人信息保护委员会施行令》和《施行细则》中扩大个人数据事件预防和调查能力", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 23 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 宣布，内阁批准了对管理 PIPC 组织结构的《实施令》和《实施细则》的修订。修订案设立了预防协调官和初步检查部门，负责对个人数据处理进行事前检查，并在事件发生前识别个人数据风险。修订扩大调查披露范围" }, { "title": "Tax or social insurance relief in Special Act on Promotion of Artificial Intelligence Data Centres (Bill no. 2215928)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_K2L5T1R2S1Q6R0P9Q1Y7Y3X5V9V9U4", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the Special Act on Promotion of Artificial Intelligence Data Centres (Bill no. 2215928) was introduced to the National Assembly. The Act aims to strengthen national competitiveness by establishing a legal foundation for artificial intelligence (AI) data centres, including by proposing tax reductions for the construction of AI data centres under the Tax Special Exceptions and Restrictions Act. The Act also proposes further fiscal incentives and regulatory relief to the AI in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《人工智能数据中心促进特别法》中的税收或社会保险减免（法案编号：2215928）", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 8 日，《促进人工智能数据中心特别法案》（法案第 2215928 号）提交国会。该法案旨在通过为人工智能（AI）数据中心奠定法律基础，包括根据《税收特别例外和限制法案》提议对人工智能数据中心的建设进行减税，从而增强国家竞争力。该法案还提议对人工智能领域采取进一步的财政激励措施和监管宽松……" }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Act on Promotion of Industrial Digital Transformation and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (Act No. 21250/Bill No. 2214589)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EB%94%94%EC%A7%80%ED%84%B8%EC%A0%84%ED%99%98%EB%B0%8F%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%99%9C%EC%9A%A9%EC%B4%89%EC%A7%84%EB%B2%95/%2821250,20251230%29", "description": "On 1 July 2026, the Act on Promotion of Industrial Digital Transformation and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (Act No. 21250), including cybersecurity regulations, enters into force. The amendment revises Article 9(6) to require persons entitled to use or profit from industrial data to ensure the integrity and reliability of industrial data and to prevent loss, theft, leakage, forgery, alteration, or damage. Article 9(7) establishes liability for damages where these obligations are vio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《促进工业数字化转型和人工智能利用法》中的网络安全规定（第21250号法/第2214589号法案）", "description_zh": "包括网络安全法规在内的《促进工业数字化转型和人工智能利用法案》（第 21250 号法案）于 2026 年 7 月 1 日生效。修正案修改了第九条第六款，要求有权使用工业数据或者从工业数据中获利的人确保工业数据的完整性和可靠性，防止丢失、被盗、泄露、伪造、篡改或者损坏。第 9(7) 条规定了违反这些义务的损害赔偿责任..." }, { "title": "User objection rights and media protection in Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection (Act No. 21305/Bill no. 2215443)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282481&lsId=&efYd=20260707&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsEfInfoR&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR&ancYnChk=0#", "description": "On 6 July 2026, the Act on Partial Amendment to the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection (Act No. 21305) enters into force. The Act establishes safeguards for user speech by requiring large-scale information and communication service providers to notify users of measures taken against their content, such as deletion or account suspension, and to provide a procedure for filing objections within six months. Users and content posters a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《信息通信网络利用促进及信息保护法》（第21305号法/第2215443号法案）中的用户异议权和媒体保护", "description_zh": "《信息通信网络利用促进及信息保护法》（第21305号法）部分修正法于2026年7月6日生效。该法案规定了用户言论的保障措施，要求大型信息和通信服务提供商通知用户对其内容采取的措施，例如删除或暂停帐户，并提供在六个月内提出异议的程序。用户和内容海报..." }, { "date": "14 January 2026", "title": "Media and Communications Commission investigation into X over alleged failure to implement youth protection measures for Grok service", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=agxQVtWjyG_LLJixnAp-GQQt6Eu21nXBl5fBwQPZ.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=67937", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Media and Communications Commission issued an interim ruling in its investigation of X (formerly Twitter), requiring X establish safety measures to protect youth from harmful content on its Grok artificial intelligence (AI) service. The Commission also notified X to develop a protection plan to block harmful information and report the results. The action follows concerns regarding the spread of non-consensual sexual images and exploitative material through social media...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "媒体和通信委员会对 X 进行调查，指控其未能为 Grok 服务实施青少年保护措施", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 14 日，媒体和通信委员会在对 X（前身为 Twitter）的调查中发布临时裁决，要求 X 制定安全措施，保护青少年免受其 Grok 人工智能 (AI) 服务中有害内容的侵害。委员会还通知X制定保护计划以阻止有害信息并报告结果。这一行动是出于对通过社交媒体传播未经同意的性图像和剥削性材料的担忧......" }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "Media and Communication Commission and Ministry of Gender Equality and Family business agreement to realise a safe digital society", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=VNeLAyDNzauXef3QC2SNGR9ozj5kzK-HG2Gt2vJ_.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=68016", "description": "On 23 January 2026, the Korea Media and Communications Committee and the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family signed a business agreement to combat digital sex crimes and strengthen youth protection within digital services by establishing a standing cooperation framework. The agreement targets information and communications service providers, as well as other digital intermediaries, who are involved in the distribution of illegal recordings, AI-generated deepfake sexual abuse material, harm...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "媒体和通信委员会与性别平等和家庭企业部达成协议，以实现安全的数字社会", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 23 日，韩国媒体和通信委员会与性别平等和家庭部签署了一项业务协议，通过建立常设合作框架打击数字性犯罪并加强数字服务中的青少年保护。该协议针对的是参与分发非法录音、人工智能生成的深度伪造性虐待材料、伤害……的信息和通信服务提供商以及其他数字中介机构。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Guidance on telecommunications-related Laws for user protection relating to AI service providers", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=VNeLAyDNzauXef3QC2SNGR9ozj5kzK-HG2Gt2vJ_.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=67953", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the Broadcasting and Media Communications Commission (KMCC) published the legal guidance on telecommunications-related Laws for user protection relating to AI service providers, following a review of how existing telecommunications statutes apply to artificial intelligence services provided via information networks. The guidance analyses user-protection provisions under the Telecommunications Business Act and the Information and Communications Network Act, noting that AI s...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能服务提供商用户保护的电信相关法律指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 20 日，广播和媒体通信委员会（KMCC）在审查了现有电信法规如何适用于通过信息网络提供的人工智能服务后，发布了与人工智能服务提供商有关的用户保护的电信相关法律的法律指南。该指南分析了《电信商业法》和《信息和通信网络法》下的用户保护条款，指出人工智能..." }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Digital Forensic Support and Evidence Storage and Management Regulation", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11782#LINK", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission closes the consultation on the draft digital forensic support and evidence storage and management regulation. The draft regulation sets out definitions, principles, and procedures for digital forensic support under the Personal Information Protection Act. It covers digital evidence collection, analysis, storage, management, and destruction. The regulation also specifies requirements for maintaining integrity and continuity, p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字取证支持以及证据存储和管理法规", "description_zh": "2026年2月19日，个人信息保护委员会结束了数字取证支持和证据存储和管理规定草案的征求意见。该法规草案规定了《个人信息保护法》下数字取证支持的定义、原则和程序。它涵盖数字证据收集、分析、存储、管理和销毁。该法规还规定了保持完整性和连续性的要求，..." }, { "title": "Designation of Personal Information Innovation Zone operating institution (Notice No. 2026-05)", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS061&mCode=C010010000&nttId=11791#LINK", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) designated Gwangju Technopark as the operating institution for the Personal Information Innovation Zone through Notice No. 2026-05. The designated facility is located in Gwangju Metropolitan City and the AI Convergence Centre of Gwangju Technopark will oversee the operation of the Zone. The designation follows the selection process conducted by the Data Safety Policy Division and formalises the institution responsible f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息创新区运营机构指定（公告第2026-05号）", "description_zh": "2026年2月9日，个人信息保护委员会（PIPC）通过第2026-05号通知指定光州科技园为个人信息创新区的运营机构。指定设施位于光州广域市，光州科技园的人工智能融合中心将监督该区的运营。该指定遵循数据安全政策部门进行的选择流程，并正式确定负责..." }, { "title": "Communications Commission investigation into Meta Platforms (Instagram) over alleged unjustifiable account suspensions and failure to provide support services", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=hS5tlOc5DAQjsO0cFWHwSfXx1napZ-m1fTDCAb6x.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=68099", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Communications Commission (KCC) announced the launch of a fact-finding investigation into Meta Platforms (Instagram) concerning the suspension of user accounts and the provision of support services. The investigation is examining whether the account suspensions that occurred in May and June 2025 complied with the Telecommunications Business Act. The KCC noted that while Meta implemented enhanced monitoring in 2024 to block child sexual abuse material and pornographic ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信委员会对 Meta Platform (Instagram) 涉嫌不合理帐户暂停和未能提供支持服务进行调查", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 11 日，通信委员会 (KCC) 宣布对 Meta Platforms (Instagram) 启动有关暂停用户帐户和提供支持服务的实况调查。调查正在审查2025年5月和2025年6月发生的账户暂停是否符合《电信商业法》。 KCC 指出，虽然 Meta 在 2024 年实施了强化监控，以阻止儿童性虐待材料和色情内容……" }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Expedited content takedown procedures for illegal information in amendment to Act on the Establishment and Operation of the Broadcasting and Media Communications Commission (Law No. 21379/Bill No. 14862)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_K2M5C1D1N2L1A1X7U0U2J3A9Q1U7L9&currMenuNo=2600044", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the Partial Amendment to the Act on the Establishment and Operation of the Broadcasting and Media Communications Commission (Law No. 21379) entered into force upon promulgation. The Law applies to online platform services, streaming services, messaging services, and search services providing content to domestic users in South Korea and subject to oversight by the Broadcasting and Media Communications Review Committee. The Law expands the written resolution procedure of th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《广播和媒体通信委员会的设立和运作法》修正案（第 21379 号法律/第 14862 号法案）中的非法信息的快速内容删除程序", "description_zh": "2026年2月19日，《广播和媒体通信委员会的设立和运作法》（第21379号法）的部分修正案颁布后生效。该法律适用于向韩国国内用户提供内容的在线平台服务、流媒体服务、消息服务和搜索服务，并受到广播和媒体通信审查委员会的监督。该法扩大了书面解决程序..." }, { "title": "Bill amending Personal Information Protection Act (Bill No. 2216765/Act No. 21445)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_A2S5H1A2H1P6H1F7Q1T0L0F4E9E5Y3", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Bill amending the Personal Information Protection Act (Bill No. 2216765) was signed into law. The Act designates the business owner or representative as the ultimate party responsible for processing and safeguarding personal information. Personal information processors who meet the criteria set out in the Presidential Decree must report the appointment of a personal information protection officer, whose role is further reinforced to include personnel management and budge...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护法修正法案（法案第2216765号/法案第21445号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 10 日，个人信息保护法修订法案（法案编号 2216765）签署成为法律。该法案指定企业主或代表作为处理和保护个人信息的最终责任方。符合总统令规定标准的个人信息处理者必须报告任命个人信息保护官员，该官员的作用进一步加强，包括人事管理和预算..." }, { "title": "Enforcement Decree of the Telecommunications Business Act (President's Decree No. 35254)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lumLsLinkPop.do?lspttninfSeq=162857&chrClsCd=010202", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the Enforcement Decree of the Telecommunications Business Act (President’s Decree No. 35254) enters into force. The Decree specifies the procedures set out in Article 22-5 of the Telecommunications Business Act for reporting and removing illegally filmed materials and related content. It requires value-added telecommunications service providers to delete or block access to such materials upon receipt of a formal report or deletion request from designated institutions, inc...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "电信事业法施行令（总统令第35254号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 12 日，《电信业务法实施令》（总统令第 35254 号）生效。该法令规定了《电信业务法》第 22-5 条规定的举报和删除非法拍摄材料及相关内容的程序。它要求增值电信服务提供商在收到指定机构（包括……）的正式报告或删除请求后，删除或阻止对此类材料的访问。" }, { "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Partial Amendment to Copyright Act (Act No. 21336 / Bill No. 2215125)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C%EB%B2%95/(21336,20260210)", "description": "On 10 May 2026, the access blocking provisions of the Partial Amendment to the Copyright Act (Act No. 21336) enter into force. The Amendment applies to online service providers and telecommunications business operators. The Amendment defines the roles and powers of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism, the Copyright Protection Deliberative Committee, and the Protection Agency in overseeing copyright enforcement. Regarding the Minister, Article 133-4 empowers the Minister to order emerg...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《版权法》部分修正案（第 21336 号法案/第 2215125 号法案）中的内容审核机构治理", "description_zh": "2026 年 5 月 10 日，《版权法》部分修正案（第 21336 号法案）的访问阻止条款生效。该修正案适用于网络服务提供者和电信业务经营者。该修正案规定了文化体育旅游部长官、版权保护审议委员会和保护机构在监督版权执法方面的作用和权力。关于部长，第 133-4 条授权部长命令紧急..." }, { "date": "26 February 2026", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Amendment to Information and Communications Network Act to address overseas-based manipulation of online public opinion (Bill No. 2217090)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_U2B6C0A2B2A4A1Y7Z4O2O0N6L7M5K2", "description": "On 26 February 2026, a Bill amending the Information and Communications Network Act to address overseas-based manipulation of online public opinion was introduced to the National Assembly. The Bill applies to information and communications service providers that meet criteria to be specified by Presidential Decree, including thresholds based on average daily users, revenue, and business type. It requires covered providers to adopt technical and managerial measures to prevent abnormal use of t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《信息通信网络法修正案》中的内容审核规定，以解决海外操纵网络舆论的问题（法案第 2217090 号）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 26 日，向国会提交了一项修订《信息通信网络法》的法案，以解决海外操纵网络舆论的问题。该法案适用于符合总统令规定标准的信息和通信服务提供商，包括基于平均每日用户、收入和业务类型的阈值。它要求涵盖的提供者采取技术和管理措施，防止非正常使用..." }, { "date": "27 February 2026", "title": "Bill amending Information and Communications Network Act to introduce security assessments for Internet of Things devices (No. 2217144)", "url": "https://likms.assembly.go.kr/bill/bi/billDetailPage.do?billId=PRC_F2F6E0E1D2B3C1J7K0J8J1H4I5H8C9", "description": "On 27 February 2026, the Bill amending the Information and Communications Network Act to introduce security assessments for Internet of Things (IoT) devices was introduced to the National Assembly. The Bill applies to manufacturers and suppliers of network-connected devices that collect, process, and transmit data. Under the proposed amendment, the Minister of Science and ICT may conduct security investigations of such devices where deemed necessary for the stability of information and commun...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "修订《信息和通信网络法》的法案，引入物联网设备安全评估（编号：2217144）", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 27 日，向国民议会提交了修订《信息和通信网络法》以引入物联网 (IoT) 设备安全评估的法案。该法案适用于收集、处理和传输数据的网络连接设备的制造商和供应商。根据拟议的修正案，科学和信息通信技术部长可以在认为对信息和通信稳定性有必要的情况下对此类设备进行安全调查。" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Media and Communication Commission's casebook on violations under Location Information Act", "url": "https://www.kmcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=0aLw8B9-2U3Q7qvNzInY_e9Tt1Lja73e88iHytuY.servlet-aihgcldhome10?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=68235", "description": "On 3 March 2026, the Korea Communications Commission and the Korea Internet & Security Agency published a casebook compiling violations identified during inspections of location information service providers under the Act on the Protection and Use of Location Information. The publication categorises these violations into four areas. This includes failing to complete the necessary registration or reporting procedures when changes occur, such as a change of company name or address, suspension o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "媒体和通信委员会关于违反位置信息法的案例手册", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 3 日，韩国通信委员会和韩国互联网振兴院公布了一份案例手册，汇编了根据《位置信息保护和使用法》对位置信息服务提供商进行检查时发现的违规行为。该出版物将这些违规行为分为四个领域。这包括在发生变更时未能完成必要的注册或报告程序，例如公司名称或地址变更、暂停营业..." }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Guidance on security for 5G specialised networks", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2578&page=1#fnPostAttachDownload", "description": "On 18 March 2026, the Internet and Security Agency adopted the guidance on security for 5G specialised networks. The guidance seeks to support the secure deployment and operation of specialised 5G networks used by businesses and institutions. The guidelines apply to network builders, operators, and equipment developers. It outlines security risks and corresponding mitigation measures across the network lifecycle, including practical tools such as security checklists.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "5G专用网络安全指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 18 日，互联网和安全局通过了 5G 专用网络安全指南。该指南旨在支持企业和机构使用的专用 5G 网络的安全部署和运营。该指南适用于网络建设者、运营商和设备开发商。它概述了整个网络生命周期的安全风险和相应的缓解措施，包括安全检查表等实用工具。" }, { "date": "13 November 2025", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in United States-Republic of Korea Joint Fact Sheet", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/joint-fact-sheet-on-president-donald-j-trumps-meeting-with-president-lee-jae-myung/", "description": "On 13 November 2025, the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK) issued a Joint Fact Sheet following a meeting between their respective presidents, including a range of reciprocal trade commitments, such as facilitating the cross-border transfer of data including location, reinsurance, and personal data. Further, the two parties aim to ensure that companies do not face unnecessary barriers or discrimination regarding laws and policies for digital services, such as network usage fees and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国和韩国的跨境数据传输监管联合情况说明书", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 13 日，美国和韩国 (ROK) 在两国总统会晤后发布了一份联合情况说明书，其中包括一系列互惠贸易承诺，例如促进包括位置、再保险和个人数据在内的数据跨境传输。此外，双方旨在确保公司不会在数字服务法律和政策方面面临不必要的障碍或歧视，例如网络使用费和……" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Bill amending Network Act including incident response obligations and enforcement measures (Bill No. 2214896)", "url": "https://opinion.lawmaking.go.kr/gcom/nsmLmSts/out/2214896/detailRP?", "description": "On 20 March 2026, the Bill amending the Network Act, including incident response obligations and enforcement measures, was adopted by the National Assembly. The Bill includes provisions on incident response and enforcement. It applies to information and communications service providers, including major providers and colocation facility operators. The Bill introduces obligations to designate a Chief Information Security Officer, establish an Information Security Committee, and undergo annual g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订《网络法》的法案，包括事件响应义务和执行措施（法案编号 2214896）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 20 日，国民议会通过了修订《网络法》的法案，其中包括事件响应义务和执行措施。该法案包括有关事件响应和执行的条款。它适用于信息和通信服务提供商，包括主要提供商和托管设施运营商。该法案规定了指定首席信息安全官、建立信息安全委员会并进行年度审查的义务。" }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Revised guidelines on processing of pseudonymised information", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11928#LINK", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) adopted revised guidelines on the processing of pseudonymised information. The guidelines apply to all organisations processing pseudonymised personal data, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) providers. The revision introduces a standardised, risk-based framework under which internal data use is classified as low risk, while provision to third parties is classified as medium or high risk depending on the degree of env...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "修订后的假名信息处理指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 31 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 通过了修订后的假名信息处理指南。该指南适用于所有处理假名个人数据的组织，包括人工智能 (AI) 提供商。此次修订引入了一个标准化的、基于风险的框架，根据该框架，内部数据使用被归类为低风险，而向第三方提供的数据则根据环境程度被归类为中风险或高风险。" }, { "title": "Amendment to guidelines on reviewing labelling and advertising regarding recommendations and endorsements", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectBbsNttView.do?pageUnit=10&pageIndex=1&searchCnd=all&key=12&bordCd=3&searchCtgry=01,02&nttSn=47317", "description": "On 28 April 2026, the Korea Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) closes the consultation on the amendment to guidelines on reviewing labelling and advertising regarding recommendations and endorsements. It introduces specific disclosure obligations for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated virtual characters used in advertising. The measures apply to advertisers, influencers, and other entities engaged in endorsement-based advertising, requiring clear and prominent labelling in both text-based and v...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于审查有关建议和认可的标签和广告的指南的修正案", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 28 日，韩国公平贸易委员会 (KFTC) 结束了有关审查建议和认可的标签和广告指南修正案的磋商。它规定了广告中使用的人工智能 (AI) 生成的虚拟角色的具体披露义务。这些措施适用于广告商、影响者和其他从事代言广告的实体，要求在基于文本和视频的广告中提供清晰、醒目的标签。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "South Korea AI Basic Act - Effective January 2026", "url": "https://law.asia/korea-ai-basic-act-characteristics-significance/", "description": "South Korea's AI Basic Act established a framework for \"high-impact AI\" akin to the EU's high-risk AI category, creating a national AI governance framework with sector-specific risk management requirements. The act balances innovation with safety and accountability.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "High-Impact AI", "Risk Framework" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国人工智能基本法案 - 2026 年 1 月生效", "description_zh": "韩国的人工智能基本法案建立了类似于欧盟高风险人工智能类别的“高影响力人工智能”框架，创建了具有特定部门风险管理要求的国家人工智能治理框架。该法案平衡了创新与安全和责任。" }, { "title": "인공지능 발전과 신뢰 기반 조성 등에 관한 기본법", "url": "https://www.trade.gov/market-intelligence/south-korea-artificial-intelligence-ai-basic-act", "description": "AI law in South Korea: South Korea's AI Basic Act, effective January 22, 2026, establishes a comprehensive regulatory framework to safeguard human rights and boost national competitiveness through trustworthy AI development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "인공지능 발전과 신뢰 기반 조성 등에 관한 기본법", "description_zh": "韩国人工智能法：韩国《人工智能基本法》于 2026 年 1 月 22 日生效，建立了全面的监管框架，通过值得信赖的人工智能开发来保障人权并提高国家竞争力......" }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "South Korea updates AI Basic Act implementation decrees for public sector AI deployment", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr", "description": "The Korean government issued updated implementation decrees for the AI Basic Act, specifying requirements for AI systems deployed in public administration including bias audits, transparency reports, and mandatory human oversight mechanisms for automated government decision-making.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Transparency", "Accountability" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国更新公共部门人工智能部署的人工智能基本法实施法令", "description_zh": "韩国政府发布了最新的《人工智能基本法》实施法令，明确了对公共管理中部署的人工智能系统的要求，包括偏见审计、透明度报告和政府自动化决策的强制性人类监督机制。" }, { "date": "13 January 2026", "title": "Case No. 2025가단214167", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the S.D. Seoul. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案号：2025Ћ214167", "description_zh": "Pro Se 诉讼人出现在 S.D.汉城。捏造：判例法", "court": "S.D. Seoul", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2026", "title": "Case No. 2025가단10169", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the D. Daegu. Outcome: Warning.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案号：2025Ћ10169", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 在 D. Daegu 的诉讼中使用了 ChatGPT。结果：警告。", "court": "D. Daegu", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2025", "title": "Case No. 2024가단144734", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the D. Incheon. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案号：2024і단144734", "description_zh": "Pro Se Litigant 出现在仁川 D. 法庭上。捏造：判例法", "court": "D. Incheon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Case No. 2025구합53", "url": "https://lbox.kr/v2/case/%EC%9D%B8%EC%B2%9C%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95%EC%9B%90/2025%EA%B5%AC%ED%95%A953", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the D. Incheon, Administrative. Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "案件编号 2025구합53", "description_zh": "律师在仁川行政法院出庭。捏造：判例法", "court": "D. Incheon, Administrative", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "The South Korean legislature passed the AI Basic Act, reinforced by enforcement decrees from the MSICT", "url": "", "description": "The South Korean legislature passed the AI Basic Act, reinforced by enforcement decrees from the MSICT. As the second-enacted national AI comprehensive regulatory law, the legislation has been analyzed in comparison to the EU AI Act. While there are some similarities, such as provisions for greater transparency, prior notification to users, labeling of generative AI outputs and specific measures for high-risk AI systems, the law differs in important regards, especially in the types of AI systems targeted and the blanket obligations regardless of a system's place in the AI value chain. Read the IAPP's full analysis. South Korea has numerous policy initiatives regarding AI and technology under its National Strategy for AI, including the AI Research and Development Strategy, the Data Industry Activation Strategy and the System Semiconductor Strategy. The nation intends to leverage its high education level, widespread acceptance of new technology and preeminent IT infrastructure to implement these initiatives. Additionally, in August 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission published guidance for the safe use of personal information in the age of AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "韩国立法机构通过了人工智能基本法案，并得到 MSICT 的执行令的强化", "description_zh": "韩国立法机构通过了《人工智能基本法案》，并由 MSICT 的执行令予以强化。作为第二部颁布的国家人工智能综合监管法，该立法与欧盟人工智能法案进行了对比分析。虽然存在一些相似之处，例如提高透明度、事先通知用户、生成人工智能输出的标签以及针对高风险人工智能系统的具体措施等规定，但法律在重要方面有所不同，特别是在针对的人工智能系统类型以及无论系统在人工智能价值链中的位置如何的一揽子义务方面。阅读 IAPP 的完整分析。韩国在人工智能国家战略下制定了多项有关人工智能和技术的政策举措，包括人工智能研究与发展战略、数据产业激活战略和系统半导体战略。该国打算利用其高教育水平、对新技术的广泛接受和卓越的 IT 基础设施来实施这些举措。此外，2023年8月，个人信息保护委员会发布了《人工智能时代个人信息安全使用指南》。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "22 December 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology closes consultation on Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation including AI authority governance", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282879&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 22 December 2025, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology closes the public consultation on the Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation, which had been open since 12 November 2025 to gather opinions on governance provisions included in the draft Enforcement Decree. The consulted draft contained governance arrangements specifying the designation and operation of an artificial intelligence s", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部结束关于《人工智能发展框架法实施令》和建立包括人工智能权威治理在内的信托基金会的咨询", "description_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部于 2025 年 12 月 22 日结束了《人工智能发展和建立信托基金会框架法施行令》的公众咨询，该公众咨询自 2025 年 11 月 12 日起开放，以收集有关施行令草案中所含治理条款的意见。征求意见稿包含治理安排，具体规定了人工智能系统的指定和运行。" }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Government released Regulatory Rationalisation Roadmap for the AI Sector", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11632#LINK", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the Government released the Regulatory Rationalisation Roadmap for the AI Sector. The document outlines a cross-government plan involving 25 ministries and 67 regulatory-improvement tasks covering technology development, service use, infrastructure, and trust-and-safety measures. It identifies a wide range of regulatory barriers, including issues related to AI training data, the application of copyright and industrial-property rights, the use of synthetic data, pseudonymisat", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府发布人工智能行业监管合理化路线图", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 27 日，政府发布了人工智能行业监管合理化路线图。该文件概述了一项涉及 25 个部委的跨政府计划和 67 项监管改进任务，涵盖技术开发、服务使用、基础设施以及信任和安全措施。它确定了广泛的监管障碍，包括与人工智能训练数据、版权和工业产权的应用、合成数据的使用、假名相关的问题" }, { "date": "27 November 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission issued investigation finding on DeepSeek over personal information processing practices, including voluntary suspension and corrective implementation", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11639#LINK", "description": "On 27 November 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) issued an investigation finding during the final review of the 2025 Proactive Administration Best Case Competition. The finding concerned the personal information processing practices of the Chinese generative AI service DeepSeek. The PIPC noted that, immediately after DeepSeek’s launch in January 2025 and amid wider global attention to personal information risks, it established direct contact with the company’s headquart", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会发布对 DeepSeek 个人信息处理行为的调查结果，包括自愿暂停和纠正实施", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 27 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 在 2025 年主动管理最佳案例竞赛终审期间发布了调查结果。该调查结果涉及中国生成人工智能服务 DeepSeek 的个人信息处理实践。 PIPC 指出，DeepSeek 于 2025 年 1 月推出后，在全球对个人信息风险更加广泛关注的情况下，立即与该公司总部建立了直接联系" }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology opened consultation on Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation including AI authority governance", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282879&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 12 November 2025, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology opened the public consultation on the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation until 22 December 2025 to collect opinions on governance provisions in the draft Enforcement Decree. The draft specifies designation and operation of institutions supporting artificial intelligence policy and safety, including the artificial intelligen", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部就《人工智能发展框架法施行令》和建立包括人工智能权威治理在内的信托基金会展开咨询", "description_zh": "2025年11月12日，科学和信息通信技术部就《人工智能发展和设立信托基金会框架法施行令》公开征求意见，截止日期为2025年12月22日，以收集有关施行令草案治理条款的意见。草案规定了支持人工智能政策和安全的机构的指定和运作，包括人工智能" }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "mois.go.kr source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.mois.go.kr/frt/bbs/type010/commonSelectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BBSMSTR_000000000008&nttId=121382&utm#none", "description": "Official source record dated 3 November 2025 for South Korea concerning Ministry of the Interior and Safety released public sector AI ethics principles. See the linked mois.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Government Use" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "内务安全部发布公共部门人工智能伦理原则", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 3 日，内政和安全部 (MOIS) 发布了适用于中央行政机关、地方政府、公共机构和地方公共企业的公共部门人工智能 (AI) 道德原则，以确保公众对人工智能部署的信任，同时支持行政创新。它包括6项原则：公共利益、公平、透明、问责、安全和隐私保护。该框架提供了 90 多个检查清单" }, { "date": "29 October 2025", "title": "Korean Financial Services Commission source on AI use in financial regulation", "url": "https://www.fsc.go.kr/eng/pr010101/85525", "description": "Official source record dated 29 October 2025 for South Korea concerning Financial Services Commission announced AI based anti-phishing sharing and analysis platform. See the linked fsc.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融服务委员会推出基于人工智能的反网络钓鱼共享和分析平台", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 29 日，金融服务委员会 (FSC) 推出了基于人工智能 (AI) 的反网络钓鱼共享和分析平台 (ASAP)，以加强防范金融诈骗，特别是网络钓鱼。该平台使大约 130 家金融机构能够实时共享 90 类网络钓鱼相关数据，旨在加强对跨国和人工智能驱动的欺诈的检测和预防。 ASAP推出基于人工智能的联合检测系统来取代" }, { "date": "8 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology issued draft Enforcement Decree of Framework Act on Development of Artificial Intelligence and Establishment of Trust Foundation including AI authority governance", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=282879&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology (MSICT) released the draft Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and Creation of a Trust Foundation (AI Framework Act), which set out governance provisions through the establishment of the National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy Committee under the President, with extended responsibilities for inter-ministerial policy coordination, compliance monitoring", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "科学和信息通信技术部发布人工智能发展框架法实施令草案和建立包括人工智能权威治理在内的信任基金会", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 8 日，科学和信息通信技术部 (MSICT) 发布了《人工智能发展和创建信托基金会框架法》(AI 框架法) 实施令草案，其中通过设立由总统领导的国家人工智能 (AI) 战略委员会制定了治理条款，并扩大了部际政策协调、合规监测的职责" }, { "date": "9 July 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission approved feasibility review for Artificial Intelligence-based voice phishing detection service proposed by LG Uplus Corporation and KT Corporation", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11346#LINK", "description": "On 9 July 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) approved the feasibility review for a voice phishing detection service proposed by LG Uplus Corporation and KT Corporation. The approval applies to telecommunications providers and financial institutions using subscriber communication data and fraud detection systems. The service allows telecom operators to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) models trained on known phishing call patterns to predict suspicious numbers, which fina", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会批准了 LG Uplus 公司和 KT 公司提出的基于人工智能的语音网络钓鱼检测服务的可行性审查", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 9 日，个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 批准了 LG Uplus Corporation 和 KT Corporation 提出的语音网络钓鱼检测服务的可行性审查。该批准适用于使用用户通信数据和欺诈检测系统的电信提供商和金融机构。该服务允许电信运营商使用经过已知网络钓鱼呼叫模式训练的人工智能 (AI) 模型来预测可疑号码，从而最终确定" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "pipc.go.kr source on AI governance", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=11311#LINK", "description": "Official source record dated 25 June 2025 for South Korea concerning Personal Information Protection Commission fined Telus International for violating safety measures. See the linked pipc.go.kr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人信息保护委员会因违反安全措施对Telus International处以罚款", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 25 日，韩国个人信息保护委员会 (PIPC) 因未能在其平台上采取充分的网络安全措施，对 Telus 处以 8200 万韩元的罚款，并处以 720 万韩元的罚款。 Telus是一家平台运营公司，招募人工智能创造者和评估者并支持客户项目。 Telus 招聘平台于 2023 年遭到黑客攻击，导致 13,622 名韩国数据主体的个人信息泄露，约" }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services including non-discrimination requirement enter into force", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=e9SRiCZ2O759ZdXsb_b87-TJy1Ykr8eE1eWz_3Yz.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=65685", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services enter into force. The guideline clarifies that to promote diversity, developers should reduce bias in algorithms and data collection, establish standards for unbiased outputs, and implement filtering functions to prevent discriminatory use. Additionally, intuitive reporting methods for biased content should be provided to users. The guideline specifies that this", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信委员会《保护生成人工智能服务用户指南》（包括非歧视要求）生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 28 日，通信委员会的《生成人工智能服务用户保护指南》生效。该指南明确，为了促进多样性，开发者应减少算法和数据收集中的偏见，建立无偏见输出的标准，并实施过滤功能以防止歧视性使用。此外，应向用户提供针对有偏见内容的直观报告方法。该指南明确规定，本" }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services including performance monitoring requirement enter into force", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=e9SRiCZ2O759ZdXsb_b87-TJy1Ykr8eE1eWz_3Yz.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=65685", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services enter into force. The guidelines mandate continuous monitoring and updating of AI algorithms to adapt to new forms of harmful content. The guidelines specify that implementing monitoring systems aims to block and prevent the regeneration of content that infringes on others' rights. To manage the issues of accuracy and legal and ethical implications, service prov", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信委员会《保护生成人工智能服务用户指南》（包括性能监控要求）生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 28 日，通信委员会的《生成人工智能服务用户保护指南》生效。该指南要求持续监控和更新人工智能算法，以适应新形式的有害内容。该指南明确指出，实施监控系统的目的是阻止和防止侵犯他人权利的内容的再生。为了管理准确性以及法律和道德影响的问题，服务提供商" }, { "date": "28 March 2025", "title": "Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services including testing requirement enter into force", "url": "https://kcc.go.kr/user.do;jsessionid=e9SRiCZ2O759ZdXsb_b87-TJy1Ykr8eE1eWz_3Yz.servlet-aihgcldhome20?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K05030000&boardId=1113&cp=1&nop=10&boardSeq=65685", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Communications Commission's Guidelines for the Protection of Users of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services enter into force. The guidelines require AI service providers to implement measures ensuring user rights and personal data protection, transparency in AI decision-making, and the fair and safe operation of AI systems. Providers must prevent bias and discrimination, manage data collection responsibly, and clearly inform users about AI-generated content. They must", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信委员会《保护生成人工智能服务用户指南》（包括测试要求）生效", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 28 日，通信委员会的《生成人工智能服务用户保护指南》生效。该指南要求人工智能服务提供者采取措施，确保用户权利和个人数据保护、人工智能决策透明、人工智能系统公平安全运行。提供商必须防止偏见和歧视，负责任地管理数据收集，并明确告知用户人工智能生成的内容。他们必须" }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Prime Minister signed Partial Amendment to Personal Information Protection Committee Organization Enforcement Rules (Prime Minister's Decree No. 2026)", "url": "https://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=269603&lsId=013827&chrClsCd=010202&urlMode=lsInfoP&viewCls=lsInfoP&efYd=20250304&vSct=*&ancYnChk=0#0000", "description": "On 4 March 2025, the Prime Minister adopted the Partial Amendment to the Personal Information Protection Committee Organization Enforcement Rules (Prime Minister's Decree No. 2026), with immediate effect. The amendment introduces a temporary staffing system within the Personal Information Protection Committee to enhance the investigation of personal information breach incidents. This system, as outlined in Appendix 3, will be in effect until 31 December 2025, and is established under Article 25,", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "安倍总理签署个人信息保护委员会组织实施规则的部分修正案（总理令第2026号）", "description_zh": "2025年3月4日，总理通过了个人信息保护委员会组织实施规则的部分修正案（总理令第2026号），立即生效。该修正案在个人信息保护委员会内引入了临时人员制度，以加强对个人信息泄露事件的调查。该制度如附录 3 所示，有效期至 2025 年 12 月 31 日，并根据第 25 条建立，" } ], "entry_count": 284, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "410" }, { "id": "AE", "title": "United Arab Emirates", "entries": [ { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Policy - DOF-Dubai Government", "url": "https://www.dof.gov.ae/en-us/profile/Pages/AI-Policy.aspx", "description": "The Dubai Finance – Government of Dubai is committed to implementing an Artificial Intelligence Management System aligned with ISO/IEC 42001:2023, ensuring the responsible, secure, and ethical use of AI technologies to support public financial management and enhance institutional performance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "UAE's International Stance on Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/policy/details/uae-s-international-stance-on-artificial-intelligence-policy", "description": "The policy aligns with the UAE’s foreign strategy on emerging technologies, ensuring compliance with international standards. Through its active role in global AI governance, the UAE is committed to building a sustainable, inclusive, and technologically advanced society, where everyone can benefit from AI’s advancements. Establish principles that form the foundation for the development, deployment, and governance of artificial intelligence in the UAE.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "UAE President issues resolution reconstituting Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Technology Council | National Media Authority - United Arab Emirates", "url": "https://www.nmo.gov.ae/en/news/president-resolution-aiatc", "description": "UAE President issues resolution reconstituting Artificial Intelligence & Advanced Technology Council · Thursday, 23 October 2025 · A A · Share · View All · Thursday, 18 December 2025 · The UAE Government has issued a Federal Decree-Law establishing and organising the National Media Authority, as a federal public entity affiliated to the UAE Cabinet. Tuesday, 7 April 2026 ·", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cabinet approves UAE’s stance on AI Policy to reinfore its global leadership in technology", "url": "https://www.mofa.gov.ae/en/mediahub/news/2024/10/28/28-10-2024-uae-technology", "description": "Developed jointly by the Office of the Assistant Foreign Minister for Advanced Science and Technology and the Office of the Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications, the policy represents a strategic step within the UAE's comprehensive foreign policy framework, designed to tackle the complex challenges presented by AI on the global stage.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-03", "title": "Establishment of Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority in Dubai Virtual Assets Law", "url": "https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2022/Law%20No.%20(4)%20of%202022%20Regulating%20Virtual%20Assets.pdf", "description": "On 11 March 2022, the Dubai Law No. 4 of 2022 on the Regulation of Virtual Assets in the Emirate of Dubai (Virtual Assets Law) was published in the Official Gazette of the Government of Dubai and came into force. The Virtual Assets Law governs activities involving virtual assets and related services throughout the Emirate of Dubai, with the exception of the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), which has its own regulatory regime. \nThe Virtual Assets Law establishes the Dubai Virtual A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-03", "title": "Authorisation requirements in Dubai Virtual Assets Law", "url": "https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2022/Law%20No.%20(4)%20of%202022%20Regulating%20Virtual%20Assets.pdf", "description": "On 11 March 2022, the Dubai Law No. 4 of 2022 on the Regulation of Virtual Assets in the Emirate of Dubai (Virtual Assets Law) was published in the Official Gazette of the Government of Dubai and came into force. The Virtual Assets Law governs activities involving virtual assets and related services throughout the Emirate of Dubai, with the exception of the Dubai International Financial Centre, which has its own regulatory regime. The law lays out authorisation requirements for virtual assets...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-02-11", "title": "Oversight mechanism architecture in United Arab Emirates Networking and Cyber Security Operations Centre", "url": "https://www.centralbank.ae/sites/default/files/2021-11/CBUAE%20establishes%20Networking%20and%20Cyber%20Security%20Operations%20Centre-%20EN.pdf", "description": "On 2 November 2021 the Networking and Cyber Security Operations Centre is established by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (CBUAE). The Centre will be responsible for increasing security measures in the financial sector of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Specifically, the Center will strengthen the critical financial infrastructure in the UAE to protect the financial sector more efficiently against cyberattacks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-07", "title": "Dubai International Financial Centre Guidance on Data controller and processor agreements and obligations", "url": "https://www.difc.ae/application/files/6016/5702/4158/DIFC-DP-GL-15_Rev._01_CONTROLLER_AND_PROCESSOR_AGREEMENTS.pdf", "description": "On 8 July 2022, the Dubai International Financial Centre released guidance on data \"Controller and processor agreements and obligations\". Particularly, the guidance concerns the compliance of data controllers and processors with the Data Protection Law (No. 5 of 2020) and Data Protection Regulations (Articles 23 to 25). The guidance clarifies the contractual details between controllers and processors and what constitutes a solid written agreement in regards to data protection. Additionally, t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "US-UAE Joint Statement on Digital Economy including cross-border data transfers", "url": "https://www.trade.gov/press-release/joint-statement-us-assistant-secretary-global-markets-arun-venkataraman-and-united", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the US Department of Commerce and the United Arab Emirates Ministry of Artificial Intelligence issued a joint statement on deepening collaboration in the digital economy, including through interoperable mechanisms that facilitate cross-border data transfers across economies with different regulatory regimes. The parties stated their intention to pursue innovative mechanisms to bridge their regulatory differences, to promote compatibility and explore interoperability. Furt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-15", "title": "UK-Dubai International Financial Centre data partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/joint-statement-on-the-data-bridge-between-the-uk-government-and-the-dubai-international-financial-centre-authority/joint-statement-on-the-data-bridge-between-the-uk-and-the-dubai-international-financial-centre", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the United Kingdom government and the Dubai International Financial Centre Authority (DIFC) released a joint statement on the UK-DIFC data partnership. The statement aims to deepen the partnership between the parties and enable the free and secure transfer of personal data. The parties will conduct an assessment of the data protection laws in order to adopt an adequacy decision to allow for cross-border data transfers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "title": "Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper", "url": "https://www.moca.gov.ae/en/media/news/uae-s-artificial-intelligence-office-launches-responsible-metaverse-self-governance-framework-white-paper", "description": "On 9 October 2023, the Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications Office of the United Arab Emirates, in collaboration with the Dubai's Department of Economy and Tourism, released the Responsible Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper. The White Paper introduces nine self-regulatory principles, such as interoperability, privacy by design, and sustainability, to guide the development of the metaverse. The White Paper puts forward interoperability as an impo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "title": "Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper including data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.moca.gov.ae/en/media/news/uae-s-artificial-intelligence-office-launches-responsible-metaverse-self-governance-framework-white-paper", "description": "On 9 October 2023, the Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications Office of the United Arab Emirates, in collaboration with the Dubai's Department of Economy and Tourism, released the Responsible Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper. The White Paper introduces nine self-regulatory principles, such as interoperability, privacy by design, and sustainability, to guide the development of the metaverse. According to the White Paper, Privacy by Design and Defa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "title": "Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper including user and age identification", "url": "https://www.moca.gov.ae/en/media/news/uae-s-artificial-intelligence-office-launches-responsible-metaverse-self-governance-framework-white-paper", "description": "On 9 October 2023, the Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications Office of the United Arab Emirates, in collaboration with the Dubai's Department of Economy and Tourism, released the Responsible Metaverse Self-Governance Framework White Paper. The White Paper introduces nine self-regulatory principles, such as interoperability, privacy by design, and sustainability, to guide the development of the metaverse. As part of the principle of safety in design and benefic...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-30", "title": "AI Office Charter for Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://ai.gov.ae/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/UAEAI-Methaq-EN2-3.pdf", "description": "On 30 July 2024, the Office of Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, and Remote Work Applications of the United Arab Emirates adopted the Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. The Charter applies to all sectors involved in developing and adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions and applications. The Charter contains several principles focused on establishing robust frameworks for AI models, including strengthening human-machine ties to prioritise human wel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-23", "title": "United States and United Arab Emirates cooperation on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/09/23/united-states-and-united-arab-emirates-cooperation-on-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "On 23 September 2024, the United States (US) and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) issued a statement on their commitment to cooperate on artificial intelligence (AI), emphasising a shared vision of safe, secure, and trustworthy AI. Further, the statement outlines plans to develop a government-to-government memorandum of understanding to deepen collaboration on AI between the countries. The cooperation aims to focus on advancing safe AI practices, aligning regulatory frameworks, promoting ethica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 February 2022", "title": "Federal Decree by Law No. 45 Concerning Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1972", "description": "On 2 January 2022, the Federal Decree by Law No. 45 of 2021 Concerning the Protection of Personal Data entered into force. The Decree by Law applies to controllers and processors in the UAE and to those outside the UAE that process personal data of UAE data subjects. Governmental entities, health data, banking and credit data, and companies in free zones with dedicated personal data legislation are excluded. The Decree by Law requires controllers to process personal data lawfully and for spec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于个人数据保护的第 45 号联邦法令", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 2 日，关于保护个人数据的 2021 年第 45 号法律联邦法令生效。该法令适用于阿联酋境内以及阿联酋境外处理阿联酋数据主体个人数据的控制者和处理者。政府实体、健康数据、银行和信贷数据以及拥有专门个人数据立法的自由区内的公司被排除在外。该法令要求控制者合法地处理个人数据并符合特定..." }, { "date": "27 November 2021", "title": "Data Office Law (Decree 44/2021)", "url": "https://uaecabinet.ae/en/details/news/uae-adopts-largest-legislative-reform-in-its-history", "description": "Through Federal Decree-Law No. 44, the United Arab Emirates adopted the Data Office Law. The Law establishes the Data Office as the enforcer of the Personal Data Protection Law. Therefore, the Office has the power to issue penalties in case of violations of the Law. Moreover, the Office is mandated to propose data protection policies, define the territories where cross-border exchange of data can be pursued and adopt data protection standards and guidelines to support the implementation of th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据办公室法（第 44/2021 号法令）", "description_zh": "通过第 44 号联邦法令，阿拉伯联合酋长国通过了《数据办公室法》。该法设立数据办公室作为个人数据保护法的执行者。因此，该办公室有权对违反该法的行为进行处罚。此外，该办公室的任务是提出数据保护政策，界定可以进行跨境数据交换的领土，并采用数据保护标准和指南来支持数据保护的实施。" }, { "date": "24 March 2023", "title": "Law No. 9 of 2022 Regulating the Provision of Digital Services of Dubai", "url": "https://dlp.dubai.gov.ae/Legislation%20Reference/2022/Law%20No.%20(9)%20of%202022%20Regulating%20the%20Provision%20of%20Digital%20Services.html", "description": "On 24 March 2023, Law No. 9 of 2020 Regulating the Provision of Digital Services is implemented. The Law applies to both digital services provided by the Dubai government and to digital services provided by non-government entities. The Law outlines the conditions for providing digital services and adopting digital identities for obtaining subscribed services and cybersecurity requirements. The Law also sets new requirements regarding data retention, data classification and data security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2022 年第 9 号法律规范迪拜数字服务的提供", "description_zh": "2023 年 3 月 24 日，规范数字服务提供的 2020 年第 9 号法律开始实施。该法律适用于迪拜政府提供的数字服务和非政府实体提供的数字服务。该法概述了提供数字服务和采用数字身份获取订阅服务的条件以及网络安全要求。该法还对数据保留、数据分类和数据安全提出了新的要求。" }, { "date": "7 August 2022", "title": "Dubai International Financial Centre Guidance on Retention and Storage of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.difc.ae/application/files/7616/5702/4157/DIFC-DP-GL-14_Rev.02_GUIDANCE_ON_RETENTION_AND_STORAGE_OF_PERSONAL_DATA.pdf", "description": "On 8 July 2022, the Dubai International Finance Center published its \"Guidance on Retention and Storage of Personal Data\". The outline aims to support individuals, organizations, and businesses in understanding the regulatory foundation of data governance, storage, and retention. The outline is based on Articles 9 and 14 of the Data Protection Law (5/2020) and emphasizes that data retention and storage are based on the data minimisation principle and must follow specific, case-by-case require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "迪拜国际金融中心个人数据保留和存储指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 8 日，迪拜国际金融中心发布了《个人数据保留和存储指南》。该大纲旨在支持个人、组织和企业了解数据治理、存储和保留的监管基础。该大纲以《数据保护法》（5/2020）第9条和第14条为基础，强调数据保留和存储基于数据最小化原则，必须遵循具体的个案要求……" }, { "date": "8 September 2023", "title": "DIFC adequacy decision for CCPA", "url": "https://www.difc.ae/newsroom/news/difc-issues-first-its-kind-adequacy-decision-regarding-california-consumer-privacy-act/", "description": "On 9 August 2023, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) issued its adequacy decision regarding the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) and the amendment to the CCPA introduced through the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020 hereby included. The DIFC regards the CCPA as providing an adequate level of protection of personal data, thus making the CCPA equivalent to the Data Protection Law (DIFC Law No. 5).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DIFC 针对 CCPA 的充分性决定", "description_zh": "2023 年 8 月 9 日，迪拜国际金融中心 (DIFC) 发布了关于《2018 年加州消费者隐私法》(CCPA) 的充分性决定，特此包含通过《2020 年加州隐私权法》引入的 CCPA 修正案。 DIFC 认为 CCPA 为个人数据提供了充分的保护，因此 CCPA 相当于《数据保护法》（DIFC 第 5 号法）。" }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "ADGM Addendum to the European Commission's Standard Contractual Clauses (EU SCCs) for personal data transfers", "url": "https://www.adgm.com/media/announcements/adgm-office-of-data-protection-publishes-addendum-to-eu-standard-contractual-clauses", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Abu Dhabi Global Market Office of Data Protection (ADGM) adopted the Addendum to the European Commission's Standard Contractual Clauses (EU SCCs) for personal data transfers. The ADGM aims to support companies in data transfer processes involving personal information, in accordance with international data protection and privacy laws. This Addendum seeks to provide a mechanism for data transfers that are compliant with data protection rules within the ADGM, reduces dup...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ADGM 欧盟委员会个人数据传输标准合同条款 (EU SCC) 附录", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 15 日，阿布扎比全球市场数据保护办公室 (ADGM) 通过了欧盟委员会个人数据传输标准合同条款 (EU SCC) 的附录。 ADGM 旨在根据国际数据保护和隐私法，在涉及个人信息的数据传输过程中为公司提供支持。本附录旨在提供一种符合 ADGM 内数据保护规则的数据传输机制，减少重复..." }, { "date": "1 February 2022", "title": "Federal Decree-Law No. 34 on Countering Rumors and Cybercrimes", "url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1526", "description": "On 2 January 2022, Federal Decree-Law No. 34 on Countering Rumors and Cybercrimes entered into force. The Decree-Law applies to all persons using information technology to commit offences in the UAE and to offences committed outside the UAE that affect its interests or security. The Decree-Law criminalises unauthorised access to information systems, hacking, data theft, cyberattacks, electronic fraud, identity impersonation, and the creation or dissemination of deepfakes and false information...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于打击谣言和网络犯罪的第 34 号联邦法令", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 2 日，关于打击谣言和网络犯罪的第 34 号联邦法令生效。该法令适用于所有使用信息技术在阿联酋境内实施犯罪行为的人，以及在阿联酋境外实施的影响其利益或安全的犯罪行为。该法令将未经授权访问信息系统、黑客攻击、数据盗窃、网络攻击、电子欺诈、身份冒充以及创建或传播深度伪造品和虚假信息定为犯罪行为……" }, { "date": "14 January 2023", "title": "Cabinet Resolution No. 111 Regulating Virtual Assets and their Service Providers", "url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1623", "description": "On 14 January 2023, Cabinet Resolution No. 111 on the regulation of virtual assets and their service providers (VASPs) entered into force in the UAE. The Resolution applies to virtual asset activities and VASPs, including those operating in free zones, while excluding financial free zones, digital securities, digital commodity contracts, and payment instruments regulated by the UAE Central Bank. It requires VASPs to obtain a licence from the Securities and Commodities Authority or a competent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "监管虚拟资产及其服务提供商的第 111 号内阁决议", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 14 日，关于虚拟资产及其服务提供商 (VASP) 监管的第 111 号内阁决议在阿联酋生效。该决议适用于虚拟资产活动和 VASP，包括在自由区运营的活动和 VASP，但不包括由阿联酋中央银行监管的金融自由区、数字证券、数字商品合约和支付工具。它要求 VASP 获得证券和商品管理局或主管机构的许可证..." }, { "title": "UAE - Comprehensive AI Regulatory Framework Development", "url": "https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ai-regulation-scanner/united-arab-emirates", "description": "The UAE is actively developing a comprehensive AI regulatory framework with a focus on safety, data governance, and sector-specific guidance. The UAE Artificial Intelligence Office serves as the dedicated AI authority. The UAE and Saudi Arabia are regional leaders in MENA AI governance with advanced policy development.", "categories": [ "National AI Authority", "Comprehensive Framework" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿联酋 - 全面的人工智能监管框架开发", "description_zh": "阿联酋正在积极制定全面的人工智能监管框架，重点关注安全、数据治理和特定行业指导。阿联酋人工智能办公室是专门的人工智能机构。阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯是中东和北非人工智能治理的地区领导者，拥有先进的政策制定。" }, { "title": "Middle East AI - Sovereign AI Infrastructure Push", "url": "https://www.dcinetwork.org/blog/vision-velocity-strategic-evolution-ai-middle", "description": "The UAE and Saudi Arabia are building sovereign AI infrastructure and regulatory frameworks. Deloitte's 2026 trends report highlights Agentic AI, Physical AI, and Sovereign AI as key themes for the Middle East.", "categories": [ "Sovereign AI", "Infrastructure", "Regional Leadership" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "中东人工智能——主权人工智能基础设施推动", "description_zh": "阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯正在建设主权人工智能基础设施和监管框架。德勤 2026 年趋势报告强调代理人工智能、物理人工智能和主权人工智能是中东的关键主题。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Gulf States AI Governance - Balancing Innovation and Risk", "url": "https://mecouncil.org/blog_posts/why-the-gulf-states-share-in-the-ai-governan", "description": "Gulf states (Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman) are racing to build AI leadership while balancing innovation with risk management, mirroring EU-style regulatory challenges. Qatar's Qatar Financial Centre and other Gulf regulators are developing AI-specific guidance.", "categories": [ "Regional Governance", "Risk Management", "Innovation" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "海湾国家人工智能治理——平衡创新与风险", "description_zh": "海湾国家（卡塔尔、阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯、巴林、阿曼）正在竞相建立人工智能领导地位，同时平衡创新与风险管理，反映了欧盟式的监管挑战。卡塔尔的卡塔尔金融中心和其他海湾监管机构正在制定针对人工智能的指南。" }, { "title": "Federal Decree‑Law No. (25) of 2018 on the Projects of Future Nature", "url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1980", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: Federal Decree‑Law No. (25) of 2018 authorises the UAE Cabinet to grant provisional licences and temporary exemptions from federal legislation for innovative projects that use advanced or future-oriented technologies (including artificial intelligence) where no specific UAE legislation yet exists. It empowers the Cabinet to set conditions, controls and procedures for such pilot projects to allow regulated experimentation while bespoke regulation is prepared....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2018 年关于未来自然项目的联邦法令第 (25) 号", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：2018 年第 (25) 号联邦法令授权阿联酋内阁在尚未制定具体阿联酋立法的情况下，对使用先进或面向未来的技术（包括人工智能）的创新项目授予临时许可证和联邦立法的临时豁免。它授权内阁为此类试点项目设定条件、控制和程序，以便在准备定制监管的同时进行受监管的实验......" }, { "title": "AI Adoption Guideline in Government Services (UAE AI Office)", "url": "https://ai.gov.ae/publications/", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: The AI Adoption Guideline in Government Services (2023) published by the UAE Artificial Intelligence Office provides non‑binding, practical guidance for federal and local government entities on safe, ethical, and effective AI adoption. It sets out governance structures, maturity assessment, risk management, documentation, and implementation steps to accelerate AI deployment while protecting privacy, rights and security....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "政府服务人工智能采用指南（阿联酋人工智能办公室）", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：阿联酋人工智能办公室发布的政府服务人工智能采用指南（2023）为联邦和地方政府实体提供安全、道德和有效的人工智能采用的非约束性实用指南。它规定了治理结构、成熟度评估、风险管理、文档和实施步骤，以加速人工智能部署，同时保护隐私、权利和安全……" }, { "title": "Ethical AI Toolkit / AI Principles and Guidelines for the Emirate of Dubai (Smart Dubai)", "url": "https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2020/11/dewa-adopts-smart-dubais-ethical-ai-toolkit", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: Smart Dubai’s Ethical AI Toolkit (AI Ethics Principles & Guidelines) is a non-binding framework published in January 2019 that sets city-level principles—fairness, accountability, transparency, explainability, safety, human-centred design and inclusivity—and includes a practical self-assessment tool to help Dubai government and private-sector projects evaluate ethical performance of AI systems. The Toolkit is voluntary but has been adopted across several Dubai government entities to guide procurement, design, testing and deployment of AI-enabled services....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "道德人工智能工具包/迪拜酋长国人工智能原则和指南（智能迪拜）", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：智能迪拜的人工智能道德工具包（人工智能道德原则和指南）是一个于 2019 年 1 月发布的非约束性框架，规定了城市层面的原则——公平、问责、透明度、可解释性、安全、以人为本的设计和包容性——并包括一个实用的自我评估工具，帮助迪拜政府和私营部门项目评估人工智能系统的道德表现。该工具包是自愿性的，但已被多个迪拜政府实体采用，以指导人工智能服务的采购、设计、测试和部署......" }, { "title": "UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) 2031", "url": "https://ai.gov.ae/strategy/", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: The UAE National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) 2031 is a federal strategic framework launched in October 2017 to position the UAE among global leaders in AI by 2031 through government-led adoption, talent development, data governance, and sectoral pilots across health, transport, energy, and government services. The strategy establishes institutional governance, a set of priority sectors, and an implementation roadmap to integrate AI across public services and to attract investment and talent. (ai.gov.ae)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿联酋国家人工智能 (AI) 战略 2031", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：阿联酋国家人工智能 (AI) 2031 战略是于 2017 年 10 月启动的联邦战略框架，旨在通过政府主导的采用、人才开发、数据治理以及健康、交通、能源和政府服务领域的部门试点，到 2031 年使阿联酋成为人工智能领域的全球领导者。该战略确立了机构治理、一系列优先部门以及实施路线图，以将人工智能整合到公共服务中并吸引投资和人才。 （ai.gov.ae）..." }, { "title": "AI Ethics Principles and Guidelines (UAE national AI ethics guide)", "url": "https://ai.gov.ae/aiethics-self-assessment/", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: The UAE’s AI Ethics Principles and Guidelines (Dec 2022) is a non-binding national framework issued by the Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence (AI Office) to guide public and private sector design, procurement and deployment of AI systems. It sets out core ethical principles (e.g., fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, robustness, human-centred design, sustainability) and accompanies a voluntary AI Ethics Self-Assessment Tool to help organisations assess and improve AI systems....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能道德原则和指南（阿联酋国家人工智能道德指南）", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：阿联酋的人工智能道德原则和指南（2022 年 12 月）是由人工智能国务部长（人工智能办公室）发布的非约束性国家框架，旨在指导公共和私营部门设计、采购和部署人工智能系统。它规定了核心道德原则（例如，公平、透明、问责、隐私、稳健性、以人为本的设计、可持续性），并附带自愿的人工智能道德自我评估工具，以帮助组织评估和改进人工智能系统……" }, { "title": "Guidelines for Financial Institutions Adopting Enabling Technologies (joint UAE regulators)", "url": "https://www.sca.gov.ae/en/media-center/news/1/6/2021/uae-regulatory-authorities-launch-consultation-on-the-guidelines-for-financial-institutions.aspx", "description": "AI law in United Arab Emirates: Issued jointly by the Central Bank of the UAE (CBUAE), Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA), Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) and the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) of ADGM, these non-binding Guidelines set out cross-sectoral principles and best practices for financial institutions adopting enabling technologies (APIs, Big Data/AI, Biometrics, Cloud, DLT). The Guidelines focus on governance, risk management, model validation, outsourcing controls, data protection and supervisory engagement to ensure safe, proportionate adoption while safeguarding customers and financial stability....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融机构采用支持技术指南（阿联酋联合监管机构）", "description_zh": "阿拉伯联合酋长国的人工智能法：这些非约束性指南由阿联酋中央银行 (CBUAE)、证券和商品管理局 (SCA)、迪拜金融服务管理局 (DFSA) 和阿布扎比国际金融中心金融服务监管局 (FSRA) 联合发布，为金融机构采用支持技术（API、大数据/人工智能、生物识别、云、DLT）制定了跨部门原则和最佳实践。该指南侧重于治理、风险管理、模型验证、外包控制、数据保护和监督参与，以确保安全、适当的采用，同时保护客户和财务稳定......" }, { "date": "2023-09-01", "title": "Dubai International Financial Centre Data Protection Regulations, Regulation 10 (\"Personal data processed through autonomous and semi-autonomous systems\")", "url": "https://www.dataguidance.com/sites/default/files/data_protection_regualtions_final.pdf", "description": "Establishes comprehensive obligations for entities deploying or operating AI systems that process personal data. Requires clear notices, transparency, accountability, and ethics in AI design. Mandates compliance with audit and certification requirements, ensuring systems process data for human-defined purposes.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "迪拜国际金融中心数据保护条例，第 10 条（“通过自主和半自主系统处理的个人数据”）", "description_zh": "为部署或运营处理个人数据的人工智能系统的实体制定全面的义务。需要人工智能设计中的明确通知、透明度、问责制和道德规范。强制遵守审核和认证要求，确保系统处理数据用于人类定义的目的。" }, { "date": "8 April 2026", "title": "UAE Cabinet approves national AI governance framework for government services", "url": "https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/strategies-initiatives-and-awards", "description": "The UAE Cabinet approved a comprehensive AI governance framework for government services, establishing requirements for AI transparency, accountability, and human oversight in automated government decision-making systems. The framework mandates algorithmic impact assessments for all new AI deployments in federal entities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Transparency", "Accountability" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "阿联酋内阁批准政府服务的国家人工智能治理框架", "description_zh": "阿联酋内阁批准了政府服务的全面人工智能治理框架，建立了自动化政府决策系统中人工智能透明度、问责制和人工监督的要求。该框架要求对联邦实体中所有新的人工智能部署进行算法影响评估。" }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Arabyads Holding Limited v. Gulrez Alam Marghoob Alam", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1204/Arabyads_Holding_v._Gulrez_Alam_Marghoob_Alam_UAE_10_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the ADGM. Fabricated: Case Law | Defence cited a non-existent authority as “Allied Dunbar [1985]”; court found the citation did not exist and arose from inadequate verification of AI-derived research. Outcome: Mon.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "arabyads Holding Limited 诉 Gulrez Alam Marghoob Alam", "description_zh": "律师出席阿布扎比国际金融中心会议。捏造：判例法|辩方引用了一个不存在的权威“Allied Dunbar [1985]”；法院认为该引文并不存在，并且是由于对人工智能衍生研究的验证不充分而产生的。结果：周一。", "court": "ADGM", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Mon", "monetary_penalty": "282508", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2025", "title": "Stelian Gheorghe v (1) BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates LLP (2) Jimmy Haoula", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1271/Stelian_Gheorghe_v_1_BSA_Ahmad_Bin_Hezeem__Associates_UK_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the DIFC Court of First Instance. Fabricated: Case Law | Witness statement filed (by Mr Robert Kravitz) contained non-existent authorities identified by the Defendants; Court noted these were serious errors. Outcome: Adverse costs order.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Stelian Gheorghe v (1) BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates LLP (2) 吉米·哈乌拉", "description_zh": "律师在 DIFC 一审法院出庭。捏造：判例法|提交的证人证词（由罗伯特·克拉维茨先生）包含被告所指认的不存在的权威；法院指出这些都是严重错误。结果：不利的成本秩序。", "court": "DIFC Court of First Instance", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse costs order", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "In 2017, the UAE became the first country to establish an AI ministry", "url": "", "description": "In 2017, the UAE became the first country to establish an AI ministry. The nation's Council for AI and Blockchain will oversee policies that promote an AI-friendly ecosystem, advance AI research and accelerate collaboration between public and private sectors. The UAE is poised to become a hub for AI research, collaboration, innovation and education per its National Strategy for AI. The following resources offer further policy guidance: · AI Ethics Principles and Guidelines · Generative AI guide · AI coding license · AI System Ethics Self-Assessment Tool · AI Adoption Guideline in Government Services · The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of AI · The Dubai International Financial Centre's Regulation 10 on Processing Personal Data Through Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous Systems [IN FORCE]", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "National Strategy", "Generative AI", "Labor & Workforce", "Financial Services", "Autonomous Vehicles" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2017年，阿联酋成为第一个设立人工智能部的国家", "description_zh": "2017年，阿联酋成为第一个设立人工智能部的国家。国家人工智能和区块链委员会将监督促进人工智能友好生态系统的政策，推进人工智能研究并加速公共和私营部门之间的合作。根据其国家人工智能战略，阿联酋有望成为人工智能研究、协作、创新和教育的中心。以下资源提供了进一步的政策指导： · 人工智能道德原则和指南 · 生成人工智能指南 · 人工智能编码许可证 · 人工智能系统道德自我评估工具 · 政府服务中的人工智能采用指南 · 阿联酋人工智能开发和使用宪章 · 迪拜国际金融中心关于通过自主和半自主系统处理个人数据的第 10 条规定 [有效]", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2024", "title": "UAE Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Technology Council (AIATC)", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "New UAE regulatory body established to oversee AI and advanced technology governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "阿联酋人工智能和先进技术委员会 (AIATC)", "description_zh": "阿联酋新监管机构成立，负责监督人工智能和先进技术治理。" } ], "entry_count": 38, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "784" }, { "id": "DE", "title": "DE", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-04-27", "title": "Mandatory filing requirement for transactions regarding certain technologies in amended Aussenwirtschaftsverordnung", "url": "https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/J-L/kabinettsfassung-siebzehnte-verordnung-zur-aenderung-der-aussenwirtschaftsverordnung.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6", "description": "The German Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie issues the 17th amendment to the Foreign Trade and Payments Ordinance (Aussenwirtschaftsverordnung), which extends the list of critical technologies which trigger suspensory filing requirements regarding business acquisitions, including AI development, automated vehicles, quantum technologies and satellite systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-11", "title": "Germany: Prohibition of acquisition of Elmos by Silex", "url": "https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/11/20221109-elmos-chip-factory-cannot-be-sold-to-chinese-investor-cabinet-blocks-sale.html", "description": "On 9 November 2022, the German Federal Cabinet issued a prohibition in the investment screening procedure concerning the acquisition by Silex, a Swedish subsidiary of Chinese group Sai Microelectronics, of chip factory Elmos. The prohibition has been implemented because of concerns over national security and potential risks related to access of sensitive technological know-how.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-28", "title": "Cybersecurity authority governance in Second Law to increase the security of Information Technology Systems ( IT Security Act 2.0)", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl121s1122.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl121s1122.pdf%27%5D__1687275883618", "description": "On 28 May 2021, the Security of Information Technology Systems (IT Security Act 2.0), including cybersecurity authority governance, entered into force. The Act gives the Federal Office for Information Security the authority to require companies in the special public interest and critical infrastructure operators to make organisational and technological changes to bring their cybersecurity system into compliance with the cybersecurity standards and approve applications for the IT security label.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-22", "title": "Criminal law amendment regarding child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl121s4250.pdf%27%5D__1651492406329", "description": "On 22 September 2021, the Act criminalizing the distribution and possession of child sexual abuse instructions was signed and enters into force after its publication in the German Federal Law Gazette on 21 September 2021. The Act introduces criminal liability for the distribution and possession of such content, individuals found guilty will face imprisonment for up to three years or a fine.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-18", "title": "Expansion of the remedial powers of the data protection agency", "url": "https://dip.bundestag.de/vorgang/gesetz-zur-st%C3%A4rkung-der-datenschutzaufsicht/278107?term=29761&f.wahlperiode=19&rows=25&pos=1", "description": "The German liberal party, FDP, introduced a bill into parliament which would expand the remedial powers of the German data protection agency (BfDI). If adopted, this bill would empower the agency to stop data processing by non-compliant data handlers temporarily or indefinitely as well as seek their prosecution in German courts.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-09-08", "title": "Data governance enforcement in Berlin", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/pressemitteilungen/2021/20210809-PM-Tracking-de.pdf", "description": "On 9 August 2021, the Berlin Delegate for Data Protection and Freedom of Information has announced a large-scale operation to ensure compliance with data protection rules. More than 50 businesses in Berlin will be asked to bring their websites in line with applicable rules, especially in relation to the use of cookies and other tracking software. The companies were chosen by the Delegate's office because they made it especially difficult for users to opt-out of cookie usage among other reason...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-05-31", "title": "Bavarian data protection authority cybersecurity audit", "url": "https://www.lda.bayern.de/media/pm/pm2022_02.pdf", "description": "On 31 May 2022, the Bayerisches Landesamt für Datenschutzaufsicht (BayLDA), the Bavarian data protection authority, has announced it has expanded the range of its audit campaign on cybersecurity. Previously the audit focused only on ransomware. From now on, the authority will further audit the security of email accounts used by Bavarian businesses. Furthermore, businesses will be provided with advice to help them implement cybersecurity measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-11-24", "title": "Data governance measures in German Coalition Agreement", "url": "https://www.bundesregierung.de/resource/blob/974430/1990812/04221173eef9a6720059cc353d759a2b/2021-12-10-koav2021-data.pdf?download=1", "description": "On 24 November 2021, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Alliance 90/The Greens, and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) have published the coalition agreement on which they seek to base a future government. The agreement contains numerous plans related to data governance, such as the introduction of an individual right to encryption of data and the criminalisation of unlawful de-anonymisation of data. The parties also plan to institutionalise the Data Protection Conference - the commit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-04", "title": "Hamburg data protection investigation into Google regarding cookie-settings", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/pressemitteilungen/2022/04/2022-04-05-cookiebanner", "description": "On 5 April 2022, the data protection authority of Hamburg informed Google that the current cookie notification banners on Google sites and Youtube do not comply with data protection requirements. The main issue identified by the regulator is that the notification asking users to accept or reject cookies contains an “I accept” button which is more accessible than it is for users to reject said cookies. If users wish to reject (non-essential) cookies for Google sites or Youtube, an additional c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-24", "title": "DSK Guidance on Data Collection in E-Commerce", "url": "https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/20222604_beschluss_datenminimierung_onlinehandel.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2022, the German Conference of Independent Data Protection Authorities (DSK) issued its Guidance on data collection practices in the e-commerce sector. The Guideline highlights that data collected for transactions ought to be minimised, noting that e-commerce providers should collect only the data that is necessary to process the customer transaction. Furthermore, the DSK notes that e-commerce providers have to provide customers with the option of purchasing through a guest accoun...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-23", "title": "BSI guidelines on cybersecurity requirements for healthcare apps", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Presse2022/220623_TR-Gesundheitsanwendungen.html", "description": "On 23 June 2022, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) published technical guidelines on security requirements for healthcare mobile-/web-apps. The guidelines provide guidance for developers and operators of applications in the healthcare sector regarding preventive measures for technical security. It comprises requirements for three parts, mobile applications (TR-03161-1), web applications (TR-03161-2) and background systems (TR-03161-3). Furthermore, the BSI offers certif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-30", "title": "Guidance on cybersecurity requirements for space infrastructure", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Alle-Meldungen-News/Meldungen/ITGS-Profil_Weltrauminfrastrukturen_220704.html", "description": "On 30 June 2022, the Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI), German federal office for cybersecurity, announced a guidance regarding IT standards for space infrastructure. The guidance covers space infrastructure in general with a focus on the IT security of satellites, and develops cybersecurity standards. The standards are intended to work as a general model to help different manufacturers and developers to increase the satellite's security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-19", "title": "Guidance on cybersecurity in the automotive sector", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Publikationen/Branchenlagebild/branchenlagebild-automotive-2021_2022.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=8", "description": "On 19 September 2022, the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) issued the second version of its guidance on cybersecurity in the automotive sector. The guidance addresses cyber security issues of the IT systems involved in the production and the vehicles themselves. The Guidance focuses on cyber risks and threats related to automation and the use of artificial intelligence. According to the guidance, manufacturers need to demonstrate at an early stage of development that they have ad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-04", "title": "Federal Office of Justice investigation into Telegram", "url": "https://www.bundesjustizamt.de/DE/ServiceGSB/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2023/20230302.html", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the German Federal Office of Justice (BfJ) decided to uphold its fines against the messenger platform Telegram after the platform had appealed the EUR 5.125 million fine imposed due to its failure to implement a mechanism for users to flag illegal content and appoint a local representative. Telegram claimed that the fines were addressed to the wrong subsidiary entity. However, the BfJ upheld its view that Telegram violated the Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) requirements. Ac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-25", "title": "German Data Protection Conference Report on Microsoft 365", "url": "https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/2022_24_11_festlegung_MS365_zusammenfassung.pdf", "description": "On 25 November 2022, the German Data Protection Conference (Datenschutzkonferenz, DSK), comprised of German data protection regulators, published a report concerning Microsoft Online Services. The report concludes that Microsoft 365 has not been able to provide proof of compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the DSK noted that the necessary transparency about the processing of personal data from commissioned processing for Microsoft's purposes cannot ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-24", "title": "Germany: Standard Data Protection Model", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/DSK/DSKBeschluessePositionspapiere/104DSK_SDM-3-0.pdf", "description": "On 24 November 2022, the German Data Protection Authority (Der Bundesbeauftragte für den Datenschutz und die Informationsfreiheit) adopted the updated version of the Standard Data Protection Model, which aims to provide appropriate mechanisms to effectively implement in Germany the legal requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through technical and organisational measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-21", "title": "Japan-Germany ICT Policy Dialogue", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000154.html", "description": "On 21 June 2023, Japan and Germany held a meeting as part of the Japan-Germany Information Communications Technology (ICT) Policy Dialogue between the Japan Ministry for Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and the Federal Ministry of Digital Transport of the Federal Republic of Germany (BMDV). The 7th policy dialogue between Japan and Germany focused on open RAN security, Beyond 5G/6G development efforts, artificial intelligence (AI) guidelines, high-speed communication on high-speed ro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-04", "title": "Federal Office of Justice (BfJ) investigation into Twitter regarding content moderation", "url": "https://www.bundesjustizamt.de/DE/ServiceGSB/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2023/20230404.html", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the German Federal Office of Justice (Bundesamt für Justiz) opened an investigation into Twitter concerning content moderation under Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). The Act compels companies to delete unlawful content within seven days of reporting or 24 hours in case its unlawfulness is manifest. Content defined as unlawful according to the German criminal code includes threats of and incitement to violence. The case is built on a series of tweets published over a period o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-04", "title": "Coordinated data protection investigation into ChatGPT’s data processing practices", "url": "https://www.ldi.nrw.de/nach-dem-verbot-von-chatgpt-italien", "description": "On 11 April 2023, the State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information in North Rhine-Westphalia published a press release regarding ChatGPT, mentioning a coordinated investigation of the Data Protection Conference (DSK) concerning the data processing practices of ChatGPT. The DSK launched a coordination investigation involving all the federal and all state data protection authorities, due to the importance of the application. Normally, it is the responsibility of the state d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-01-05", "title": "Bavarian State Commissioner for Data Protection international data transfers guidance", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-bayern.de/datenschutzreform2018/OH_Drittstaatentransfer.pdf", "description": "On 1 May 2023, the Bavarian State Commissioner for Data Protection issued a guide on international data transfers. The guide provides information on transferring personal data to recipients in third countries, which requires a two-stage review under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The first stage requires compliance with the general principles for the processing of personal data, such as lawful and transparent processing. In addition, there must be a legal basis legitimising th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-14", "title": "Guideline AI Security Concerns", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/KI/Practical_Al-Security_Guide_2023.html", "description": "On 14 April 2023, the German Federal Office for Information Security published a guideline titled AI Security Concerns in a Nutshell, which outlines the most relevant attacks on machine learning systems and potential appropriate defences. The guideline states that, as machine learning is increasingly used in critical areas like autonomous driving, cancer detection, and biometric authentication, the risk of attacks escalates. Specifically, the guideline provides details about evasion attacks, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-19", "title": "Data Protection Authority of Schleswig-Holstein investigation into OpenAI's Chat GPT 4", "url": "https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/chatgpt", "description": "On 19 April 2023, the Data Protection Authority of the German Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein started an investigation into OpenAI's Chat GPT 4. The authority requests answers to several questions related to OpenAI's data processing and handling practices with regard to the GDPR. The questions adress topics such as processing transparency, data security, child protection, the legal foundation of data usage, and the transfer to countries outside the EU.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-01-12", "title": "Data protection regulation in Telecommunications Modernization Act", "url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/TKG.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2021, the Telecommunications Modernization Act, including data protection regulation, entered into force. The Act expands the definition of interpersonal communications service providers, specifying that it is a paid service and allows a limited number of people to communicate and interact with each other through communication networks, including over-the-top (OTT) service providers. In particular, the Act outlines obligations regarding the processing and transmission of person...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-12", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Telecommunications Modernization Act", "url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/tkg_2021/TKG.pdf", "description": "On 1 December 2021, the Telecommunications Modernization Act, including data protection regulation, entered into force. The Act requires providers of telecommunication services to implement technical and organisational measures to ensure the security of their services and safeguard the data stored. The Act requires providers in case of security incidents that could pose a “significant risk” to notify users and provide the necessary information to authorities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Ordinance on Consent Management Services in German Telecommunications-Telemedia Data Protection Act (TTDSG)", "url": "https://dip.bundestag.de/vorgang/verordnung-nach-26-absatz-2-des-telekommunikation-digitale-dienste-datenschutz-gesetzes-und-zur/315260", "description": "On 1 April 2025, the Consent Management Ordinance under the Telecommunications-Digital Services-Data Protection Act (TDDDG) entered into force. The Ordinance establishes the legal basis for the recognition of consent management services that enable end-users to manage, store, and revoke their consent for the use of terminal device data under Section 25 TDDDG. These recognised services are designed to offer a user-friendly and privacy-preserving alternative to individual cookie consent banners...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-09", "title": "DSK application notes on the adequacy decision on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-bayern.de/dsbk-ent/DSK_Z002-EU-US-DPF.pdf", "description": "On 4 September 2023, the German Data Protection Conference (DSK) issued its application notes on the adequacy decision on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. The application notes aim to explain the European Commission's new Adequacy Decision concerning the EU-US Data Privacy Framework. They are addressed to data controllers, processors, and affected individuals in Germany involved in transmitting personal data to the USA. The notes cover the scope of the regulation, alternative data transfer m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "title": "National Data Strategy (Nationale Datenstrategie)", "url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/08/nationale-datenstrategie.html#:~:text=Die%20Datenstrategie%20der%20Bundesregierung%20adressiert,die%20Grundlage%20f%C3%BCr%20mehr%20Fortschritt.", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the German Government adopted its new National Data Strategy (Nationale Datenstrategie). The Data Strategy aims to strengthen data interoperability and promote responsible and effective data use to optimise economic potential and improve competitiveness. The Data Strategy also aims to create new guiding principles for future data policies and emphasises the role of data in innovation, transparency, and societal progress. In addition, it addresses data quality and diversity ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-30", "title": "Federal Transparency Act (Bundestransparenzgesetz)", "url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/08/nationale-datenstrategie.html#:~:text=Die%20Datenstrategie%20der%20Bundesregierung%20adressiert,die%20Grundlage%20f%C3%BCr%20mehr%20Fortschritt.", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the German government announced the Federal Transparency Act (Bundestransparenzgesetz) in the context of the launch of its National Data Strategy. Under the Act, several Information Acts would be unified. Existing individual legal entitlements to the authorities' data are maintained, and new legal rights are introduced. In particular, individuals would have the right to sue for the already existing authority duty to provide reusable, machine-readable, interoperable, and op...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-15", "title": "Federal Cartel Office investigation into Microsoft and OpenAI cooperation compliance with merger control Law", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2023/15_11_2023_Microsoft_OpenAi.html?nn=3591286", "description": "On 15 November, the German Federal Cartel Office issued a decision in the investigation into Microsoft and OpenAI cooperation and whether it was subject to merger control Law. The Federal Cartel Office stated that Microsoft's investment in OpenAI and the cooperation between the two companies are not subject to merger control in Germany. If Microsoft were to expand its influence on OpenAI in the future, it would have to be re-examined whether a merger control notification obligation exists. As...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-02", "title": "Bavarian Data Protection Authority's Investigation into Apps and Cookie Banners", "url": "https://www.lda.bayern.de/media/pm/pm2024_02.pdf", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Bavarian Data Protection Authority concluded its investigation into more than 350 websites and 15 apps operated by Bavarian entities. The investigation focused on the integration of services without the necessary consent in apps and the presence of a rejection option at the first level of so-called cookie banners on websites. The authority found that almost all the examined apps had consent-required processes for which necessary consent was not obtained. The app operat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "Lawsuit concerning use of Artificial Intelligence in the workplace", "url": "https://www.landesrecht-hamburg.de/bsha/document/JURE245001524", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the Hamburg Labour Court issued a ruling on the use of AI in the workplace. The ruling concerned the use of AI tools, in particular, ChatGPT, in the workplace and its impact on the co-determination rights of the works council. The court found that the use of AI tools by employees voluntarily and exclusively via their private accounts does not violate co-determination rights. The tools must be accessed via browser services, and an agreement on the use of browsers has been r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-12", "title": "Expansion of Federal Office for Information Security's powers in NIS 2 Implementation and Cybersecurity Strengthening Act", "url": "https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2025/301/VO.html", "description": "On 6 December 2025, the NIS 2 Implementation and Cybersecurity Strengthening Act including provisions expanding Federal Office for Information Security powers entered into force one day after its official publication. The Act introduces expansions to the powers of the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). Pursuant to Section 3 of the Act on the Federal Office for Information Security and on the Security of Information Technology of Entities (BSIG), the BSI is tasked with promoting in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-06", "title": "United Kingdom-Germany Memorandum of Understanding for Cooperation in the Regulation of Laws Protecting Personal Data", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/AnlagenPM/20240610_Memorandum-of-Understanding.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2", "description": "On 10 June 2024, the Information Commissioner of the United Kingdom and the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information for Germany signed a memorandum of understanding for cooperation in the regulation of laws protecting personal data. The agreement establishes a framework for cooperation to increase cross-border enforcement cooperation in the modern global economy. The memorandum outlines areas of cooperation, including the sharing of best practices, joint research p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-06", "title": "Lawsuit concerning classification of AI as an inventor under German patent law", "url": "https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/D4E1FAQGJZdhTDyUWyQ/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/0/1719940714724?e=1720656000&v=beta&t=V-odJsrgtC8DxXsFqg2XjJHR8PQZm7zr21vNd_7aqc8", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) issued its ruling concerning patent application 10 2019 128 120.2, which involves Dr. Stephen L. Thaler and the artificial intelligence (AI) system DABUS. In particular, the court confirmed that under German patent law, only a natural person can be named an inventor. This decision stems from the application for a food or beverage container invented by the AI DABUS, which was submitted on 17 October 2019. The Patent Office initially re...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-19", "title": "Guidance Navigator for AI and Data Protection (ONKIDA)", "url": "https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.datenschutz.de/beitrag-orientierungshilfen-navigator-ki-datenschutz/", "description": "On 19 July 2024, the State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information in Baden-Württemberg published the Guidance Navigator for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Protection (ONKIDA). The ONKIDA is a tool designed to help authorities and companies align data protection requirements with AI applications. Following the publication of the European Union (EU) AI Act and its phased implementation starting August 2024, ONKIDA provides information on the application of the Genera...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-24", "title": "BayLDA guidelines on Artificial Intelligence and data protection", "url": "https://www.lda.bayern.de/de/ki.html", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Bavarian Data Protection Authority (BayLDA) adopted guidelines on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and data protection, expanding its information offering to address the application of the General Data Protection Regulation and other legal requirements in the context of AI technologies. The guidelines apply to companies and institutions using AI systems and provide information regarding technical and legal perspectives on AI, the roles and responsibilities in data protecti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-09", "title": "Regulation on Data Protection Consent Management Services", "url": "https://bmdv.bund.de/SharedDocs/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2024/073-wissing-wir-wollen-die-cookie-flut-reduzieren.html", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport announced that it had approved a Regulation on Data Protection Consent Management Services and tabled it in Parliament for final approval. The Federal Council has already granted its approval. The Regulation would set out the requirements for data protection consent management services which allow users to manage their consent decisions as alternatives to recurring cookie banners. The Regulation also sets out the process by w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-09", "title": "DSK Resolution on personal data protection in asset deals", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/2024-09-11_Beschluss%20DSK_%20Asset_Deals.pdf", "description": "On 11 September 2024, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of Germany (DSK) adopted a resolution on personal data protection in asset deals. The resolution applies to businesses involved in company acquisitions through asset deals, particularly for sectors where personal data, such as customer, employee, or supplier data, is integral to the transaction. The resolution clarifies data protection obligations, differentiating between customer data in contract initiation, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "title": "State Commissioner for Data Protection of Lower Saxony establishment of Artificial Intelligence unit", "url": "https://www.lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/infothek/presseinformationen/landesbeauftragter-fur-den-datenschutz-richtet-stabsstelle-fur-kunstliche-intelligenz-ein-236012.html", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the State Commissioner for Data Protection of Lower Saxony announced that it has established a new Artificial Intelligence (AI) Unit, led by Dr. Silke Jandt, to monitor and ensure the lawful use of AI technologies in line with data protection laws. The unit will collaborate with public and private entities, provide guidelines, support research projects, and raise awareness of data protection risks associated with AI. The aim is to promote responsible AI use while safegua...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-31", "title": "Polish-German cooperation to strengthen cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/polsko-niemiecka-wspolpraca-na-rzecz-wzmocnienia-cyberbezpieczenstwa", "description": "On 31 October 2024, Poland's Ministry of Digital Affairs and Germany's Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) expressed a commitment to deepening Polish-German cooperation in the area of cybersecurity. During these talks, both parties emphasised the importance of collaboration between BSI and Poland's NASK Institute, the National Research Institute focused on promoting the security of information and communication networks in Poland. Poland reiterated its cooperation to support Ukraine...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-13", "title": "Data Governance Act (DGG)", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-1029546", "description": "On 13 November 2024, the Federal Council of Germany proposed several amendments to the draft Data Governance Act (20/13090), aiming to enhance the roles of regional and state authorities in data governance within Germany. The proposals include enabling states to establish competent bodies for supporting public entities in data management and regional information centers to operate in coordination with the central information office. Additionally, the Federal Council suggests ensuring data tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-15", "title": "DSK Artificial Intelligence Working Group", "url": "https://www.datenschutz.sachsen.de/detailseite-news-bzw-veranstaltungsmeldung-7311-7311.html", "description": "On 15 November 2024, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments of Germany (DSK) announced the creation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) Working Group. The Working Group will adopt requirements and recommendations for the development and use of AI systems in compliance with data protection regulations. The Working Group aims to consolidate technical and legal expertise from DSK’s supervisory authorities to monitor AI techno...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "BSI guide on explainable Artificial Intelligence in an adversarial context", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Alle-Meldungen-News/Meldungen/Whitepaper_Erklaerbarkeit_KI_250106.html", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) adopted a white paper serving as a guide addressing the explainability of artificial intelligence (AI) in adversarial contexts. The document focuses on the limitations of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), particularly post-hoc methods used to interpret black box AI models. The white paper identifies three challenges, namely the disagreement problem, manipulation risks, and fairwashing. Solutions to these prob...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-30", "title": "Data protection authority guidance on obligations and prohibitions under the EU Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/ki-vo-diese-pflichten-und-verbote-gelten-ab-februar-2025", "description": "On 30 January 2025, the Data Protection Authority of Hamburg adopted a guidance on obligations and prohibitions under the European Union's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act. It was highlighted that certain requirements on AI competence requirements and bans on certain AI practices under the AI Act enter into force on 2 February 2025. The guidance highlighted that organisations deploying AI must ensure employees understand the specific technology they use, aligning competence with the AI system...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "State data protection authorities investigation into DeepSeek to assess compliance with representative designation under General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.datenschutz.de/pruefverfahren-gegen-deepseek-eingeleitet/", "description": "On 14 February 2025, the state data protection supervisory authorities of Rhineland-Palatinate, Baden-Württemberg, Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt, Hesse, Bremen, and Berlin announced an investigation into DeepSeek to assess compliance with representative designation under General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The investigation focuses on whether the two Chinese companies behind DeepSeek have appointed a representative in the European Union (EU) as required under Article 27(1) GDPR. This provis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-03-24", "title": "Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of Federal and State Governments guidance on guest access option in electronic commerce", "url": "https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/20222604_beschluss_datenminimierung_onlinehandel.pdf", "description": "On 24 March 2022, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) adopted guidance requiring online merchants to offer a guest access option for orders to ensure compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation's (GDPR) data minimisation principle. It highlighted that merchants cannot assume consent for permanent customer accounts after a first-time purchase, and guest access must not require registration. It also highlighted that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-15", "title": "Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information guidance on Meta's data processing for AI training", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/meta-starts-ai-training-with-personal-data", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) issued guidance on Meta’s planned use of personal data for artificial intelligence (AI) training and informed users of their right to object. Meta’s AI training, originally scheduled for 2024, was postponed following concerns raised by the Irish Data Protection Commission regarding legal basis and transparency. Meta now plans to begin using the publicly accessible Facebook and Instagram data of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-17", "title": "Saxon Data Protection and Transparency Commissioner advisory on Meta's data processing for Artificial Intelligence training", "url": "https://www.datenschutz.sachsen.de/folgeseite-news-und-veranstaltungen-7405-7405.html", "description": "On 17 April 2025, the Saxon Commissioner for Data Protection and Transparency issued an advisory on Meta's plans to use the personal data of all adult European Facebook and Instagram users for Artificial Intelligence (AI) training from the end of May 2025. This includes public posts and photos, which will be used to improve services, including the Meta-AI chatbot on WhatsApp and language models, including Llama. The Commissioner highlighted that users have the right to object to this use of t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection guidelines on European Data Act", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HmbBfDI/Datenschutz/Informationen/250429_Information_Data_Act_und_Datenschutz.pdf", "description": "On 29 April 2025, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection (HmbBfDI) published guidelines clarifying the provisions and obligations under the European Data Act. The guidelines outline the regulatory framework for data access and use across various sectors in Germany, with a focus on the management of non-personal data. It sets out the responsibilities of entities handling such data and explains the mechanisms for facilitating access rights and ensuring compliance. The guidelines also note...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Conference of Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments Model Guidelines for procedures on imposing fines by the data protection supervisory authorities under GDPR", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250617-DSK-Festlegung_MRiDaVG.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the Conference of Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) adopted the model guidelines for procedures on imposing fines by the data protection supervisory authorities (MRiDaVG), establishing standardised rules for conducting administrative fine proceedings under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The Guidelines define procedural principles, including the primacy of EU law, equivalence, and effectiveness, outli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments resolution addressing the interplay between data protection and security in the context of proposed reforms to German security laws", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250617-Entschliessung_Innere_Sicherheit.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) adopted a resolution addressing the interplay between data protection and security in the context of proposed reforms to German security laws. The resolution applies to public authorities involved in policing and data processing, emphasising that data protection is a fundamental element of democratic governance and not a barrier to effective law enforcement. It calls for p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments Resolution on confidential cloud computing", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250617-DSK-Entschliessung_Confidential_Cloud__Computing.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) adopted a Resolution on confidential cloud computing, addressing its technical and security implications. The resolution applies to cloud service providers and organisations processing sensitive or personal data using cloud infrastructure. It highlights that marketing claims about data being confidential often overlook the technical complexities involved. It hi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments resolution on data protection requirements for outsourcing appointment management in healthcare", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250617-DSK-Beschluss_Positionspapier_Terminverwaltungsunternehmen.pdf", "description": "On 16 June 2025, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) adopted a resolution setting out data protection requirements for healthcare practices using external service providers for online appointment booking and management. It clarifies that outsourcing appointment management to external service providers is permissible as commissioned data processing under Article 28 of General Data Protection Regulation. It does not require p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-05", "title": "Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information investigation into DeepSeek over alleged unlawful data transfers to China", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250627-Berlin-DPA-Press-Release-DeepSeek.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information requested Hangzhou DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence to remove its DeepSeek AI chatbot apps from German app stores, cease illegal transfers of personal data to China, or meet the legal requirements for lawful third-country transfers. The Commissioner stated that the transfer of user data by DeepSeek to China is unlawful as the company failed to demonstrate that German user data is protected in China at a leve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information inquiry on data protection-compliant handling of personal data in large language models", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Konsultationsverfahren/4_KI-Modelle-pbD/Konsultationspapier-KI.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2", "description": "On 10 August 2025, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) closes the consultation on data protection-compliant handling of personal data in large language models (LLMs). The consultation applies to stakeholders in science, industry, and civil society. It seeks insights on issues including anonymisation limits, memorisation of personal data, risks of data extraction, and enforcement of General Data Protection Regulation data subject rights in Artificial ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Federal Office for Information Security white paper on bias in Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/KI/Whitepaper_Bias_KI.html", "description": "On 24 July 2025, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) published a white paper on bias in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper applies to developers, providers, and operators of AI systems across all sectors. The paper highlights practices including designating bias-responsible personnel, implementing organisational and technical measures during data collection to reduce bias, and prioritising pre-processing and in-processing mitigation methods over post-processing appro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-13", "title": "Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information information updated Information Brochure on General Data Protection Regulation and Federal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Kurzmeldungen/DE/2025/14-aktualisierte-Broschuere.html?nn=251928", "description": "On 13 August 2025, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) published an informational brochure on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG). It was highlighted that the GDPR applies to all controllers and processors of personal data across the European Union, affecting over 449 million citizens, and imposes obligations including transparency, purpose limitation, data minimisation, technical and organisationa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Guidance on Artificial Intelligence systems with retrieval augmented generation", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/oh/DSK_OH_RAG.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-10-17 for DE concerning Guidance on Artificial Intelligence systems with retrieval augmented generation. See the linked datenschutzkonferenz-online.de source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Guideline on data protection in medical research", "url": "https://datenschutz.hessen.de/presse/hbdi-und-dgim-veroeffentlichen-leitfaden-fuer-datenschutz-in-der-medizinischen-forschung", "description": "On 5 December 2025, the Hessian Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HBDI) adopted the guideline on data protection in medical research. The guideline sets out the legal bases for processing health data in a medical research context and discusses a number of specific case studies. The HBDI drew the guideline up together with the German Society of Internal Medicine (DGIM).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information questionnaire to determine legitimate interest under General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/hmbbfdi-veroeffentlicht-fragenkatalog-zur-interessenabwaegung-nach-dsgvo", "description": "On 6 January 2026, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) released a questionnaire for the three-step test to determine legitimate interest pursuant to Article 6(1)(f) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The questionnaire states that, before commencing planned processing based on legitimate interest, controllers must examine and document whether all three prerequisites are jointly fulfilled. The questionnaire sets out the three-step legitimate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "German Act to implement Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising", "url": "https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/21/040/2104089.pdf", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Federal Government submitted the draft Act implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on the Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising (PWTG) to the German Bundestag. The Act would establish the national framework for enforcing the EU Regulation. The draft would designate the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information as the authority responsible for monitoring specific data protection obligations under the Regulation. The Coordination Ce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Federal Cartel Office's investigation into Adobe's acquisition of Semrush", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2026/03_20_2026_Adobe_Semrush.html", "description": "On 20 March 2026, the Federal Cartel Office cleared the proposed acquisition of Semrush Holdings, Inc. by Adobe Inc. following a first-phase merger control review. Adobe develops creativity, productivity, and marketing software, including content management tools. Semrush provides online visibility software, including search engine optimisation applications and a tool for optimising brand presence across generative AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini, also referred to as answer engines. T...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "German Act implementing EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://dip.bundestag.de/vorgang/gesetz-zur-durchf%C3%BChrung-der-verordnung-eu-2024-1689-des-europ%C3%A4ischen-parlaments/331110?f.wahlperiode=21&f.metatyp=Gesetze&rows=25&pos=10&ctx=d", "description": "On 9 March 2026, the German Federal Government submitted the draft Act to implement the Artificial Intelligence Regulation (No. 21/4594) to the Parliament (German Bundestag). The Act would apply to providers, deployers, importers and distributors of artificial intelligence systems as defined in Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, as well as authorised representatives of non-EU providers and product manufacturers who place artificial intelligence systems on the market under their own name or trademark....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Act implementing EU Data Governance Act (Regulation 2022/868)", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-1158072", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Act implementing the EU Data Governance Act (Regulation 2022/868) was adopted by the Parliament. The Act applies to data intermediary service providers, data altruism organisations, and public bodies holding protected data for re-use. It designates the Federal Network Agency as the supervisory authority for data intermediary services and data altruism organisations, and the Federal Statistical Office as both the competent support body for public bodies and the single nat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-06", "title": "OECD AI Review of Germany: A new phase for Germany’s AI strategy", "url": "", "description": "Germany stands at a crucial juncture in its journey towards becoming a global leader in AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "经合组织对德国人工智能审查：德国人工智能战略的新阶段", "description_zh": "德国正处于成为人工智能全球领导者的关键时刻。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-05-18", "title": "Germany’s human-centred approach to AI is inclusive, evidence-based and capacity-building", "url": "", "description": "For Germany, AI technologies are not relevant for their own sake, but as a means for making lives better.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国以人为本的人工智能方法具有包容性、基于证据和能力建设", "description_zh": "对于德国来说，人工智能技术本身并不重要，而是作为改善生活的一种手段。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-09", "title": "Shaping AI trends in work and society – an evidence based approach is crucial", "url": "", "description": "The German AI Observatory says that AI’s impact on work and society needs policies based on solid evidence.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "塑造工作和社会中的人工智能趋势——基于证据的方法至关重要", "description_zh": "德国人工智能观察站表示，人工智能对工作和社会的影响需要基于确凿证据的政策。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "12 January 2021", "title": "German Telecommunications-Telemedia Data Protection Act (TTDSG)", "url": "https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2021/05/20210528-gesetz-zum-schutz-der-privatsphaere-in-der-digitalen-welt-beschlossen.html", "description": "On 1 December 2021, the German Telecommunications-Telemedia Data Protection Act (TTDSG) entered into force. The Act replaces the existing provisions of the Telecommunications Act 2004 and the Telemedia Act 2007, and implements the Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications (2002/58/EC). Besides implementing the ePrivacy and GDPR requirement to have users agree to cookie settings, the legislation includes provisions on the confidentiality of communications, location data, caller ID dis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国电信-电信媒体数据保护法 (TTDSG)", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 1 日，德国电信-电信媒体数据保护法 (TTDSG) 生效。该法案取代了《2004​​ 年电信法》和《2007 年电信媒体法》的现有规定，并实施了《隐私和电子通信指令》(2002/58/EC)。除了实施 ePrivacy 和 GDPR 要求用户同意 cookie 设置之外，该立法还包括有关通信机密性、位置数据、来电显示信息的规定。" }, { "date": "5 January 2021", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Second amendment to Youth Protection Law", "url": "https://dip.bundestag.de/vorgang/.../268540", "description": "On 1 May 2021, the Second Law amending the Youth Protection Act, including content moderation regulation, was implemented. The Law requires large commercial internet services to take structural precautionary measures. The Law requires commercial online service providers with over 1 million users in Germany to ensure age-appropriate content through precautionary measures and parental controls. The Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons will review and supervise compliance with t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "青少年保护法第二次修改内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2021 年 5 月 1 日，修订《青少年保护法》的第二部法律实施，其中包括内容审核规定。该法要求大型商业互联网服务采取结构性预防措施。该法律要求在德国拥有超过 100 万用户的商业在线服务提供商通过预防措施和家长控制确保内容适合年龄。联邦有害青少年媒体部将审查和监督遵守..." }, { "date": "28 May 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation and voluntary IT security label in Security of Information Technology Systems (IT Security Act 2.0)", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl121s1122.pdf", "description": "On 28 May 2021, the Security of Information Technology Systems (IT Security Act 2.0) including cybersecurity regulation and voluntary IT security label, entered into force. The Act expands the list of critical sectors and establishes a new category, companies in the special public interest, defined as companies that provide or manufacture products classified as essential based on the Foreign Trade and Payments Ordinance, have economic importance to Germany or are operators of an upper-tier es...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息技术系统安全中的网络安全法规和自愿 IT 安全标签（IT 安全法 2.0）", "description_zh": "2021 年 5 月 28 日，包括网络安全法规和自愿 IT 安全标签的《信息技术系统安全》（IT 安全法案 2.0）生效。该法案扩大了关键部门的清单，并建立了一个新的类别，即具有特殊公共利益的公司，其定义是提供或制造根据《对外贸易和支付条例》归类为必需品的公司，对德国具有经济重要性，或者是高级企业的运营商。" }, { "date": "2 January 2022", "title": "Amendment to Network Enforcement Act/NetzDG to increase user rights", "url": "https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/Dokumente/Bgbl_NetzDG.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2", "description": "On 1 February 2022, the enhanced duty of reporting illegal content, which includes adding a timestamp and disclosing personal user information, adopted with the amendment of the NetzDG, enters into force. Furthermore, the amendment mandates platforms to establish a procedure for appeal and arbitration, giving users the right to contest the platform’s decision to remove or not flagged content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "网络执法法/NetzDG 修正案以增加用户权利", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 1 日，根据 NetzDG 修正案，加强举报非法内容的义务生效，其中包括添加时间戳和披露个人用户信息。此外，修正案还要求平台建立上诉和仲裁程序，使用户有权对平台删除或不删除标记内容的决定提出异议。" }, { "date": "5 December 2021", "title": "Report on the fight against extremism and racism", "url": "https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Fachinformationen/Abschlussbericht_Bekaempfung_Rechtsextremismus_Rassismus.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3", "description": "The German cabinet committee publishes its final report on the inquiry into the fight against right-wing extremism and racism. Among other recommendations, the report announces an investment of € 1 billion to combat such content and identifies the prevention of such content in the digital sphere as key issue.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于打击极端主义和种族主义的报告", "description_zh": "德国内阁委员会发布了关于打击右翼极端主义和种族主义的调查的最终报告。除其他建议外，该报告宣布投资 10 亿欧元来打击此类内容，并将防止数字领域的此类内容确定为关键问题。" }, { "date": "8 January 2021", "title": "Transposition of EU digital single market directive into German law", "url": "https://www.bmjv.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/Dokumente/Bgbl_UrhDaG.html;jsessionid=F45BF76CBFD50ACFFAA1F423C43F9100.2_cid289?nn=6712350", "description": "The national implementation of article 17 of the EU's digital single market directive goes into force. The new Urheberrecht-Diensteanbieter-Gesetz, enacted as art. 3 of the EU DSM implementation law, transposes art. 17. While it does not mandate upload filters, it leads to a de facto obligation to introduce such filters for platform providers.\nThe law thus introduces ex-ante safeguards against overblocking. The key safeguard against automated blocking is the \"use presumably authorised by law\"...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "将欧盟数字单一市场指令纳入德国法律", "description_zh": "欧盟数字单一市场指令第17条的国家实施生效。新的 Urheberrecht-Diensteabieter-Gesetz，被制定为艺术。欧盟 DSM 实施法第 3 条，调换第 1 条。 17. 虽然它没有强制规定上传过滤器，但它导致平台提供商有事实上的义务引入此类过滤器。\n因此，法律引入了针对过度封锁的事前保障措施。防止自动封锁的关键保障是“假定法律授权的使用”......" }, { "date": "17 June 2021", "title": "AI regulation in Betriebsrätemodernisierungsgesetz", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&jumpTo=bgbl121s1762.pdf#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl121s1762.pdf%27%5D__1651573992679", "description": "On 18 June 2021, the Works Council Modernisation Act enters into force after being published in the German Federal Law Gazette on 17 June 2021. The act includes provisions for the use of Artificial Intelligence in an operational context. It states that the works council can request an expert to assess the firm's use of AI if it is necessary for the fulfilment of its tasks. The works council further has the right to be informed on the planning of work processes and procedures as well as person...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Betriebsrätemodernisierungsgesetz 中的人工智能监管", "description_zh": "《工作委员会现代化法案》于 2021 年 6 月 17 日在德国联邦法律公报上发布后，于 2021 年 6 月 18 日生效。该法案包括在运营环境中使用人工智能的条款。它指出，如果有必要完成其任务，工会可以要求专家评估公司对人工智能的使用。工作委员会还有权了解工作流程和程序以及人员的规划..." }, { "date": "6 January 2021", "title": "Coordinated assessment of international data transfers", "url": "https://www.datenschutz.de/koordinierte-pruefung-internationaler-datentransfers/", "description": "The German state-level data protection authorities launch a coordinated inquiry into cross-border data transfers outside the EU to enforce the CJEU-Schrems II decision invalidating the US-EU Privacy Shield. The authorities will approach companies with a set of questions on data transfers, hosting, webtracking and internal data sharing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国际数据传输的协调评估", "description_zh": "德国国家级数据保护机构对欧盟以外的跨境数据传输发起协调调查，以执行 CJEU-Schrems II 宣布美国-欧盟隐私护盾无效的决定。当局将向公司询问一系列有关数据传输、托管、网络跟踪和内部数据共享的问题。" }, { "date": "16 June 2021", "title": "Guidance regarding encryption requirements for emails containing personal data", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/oh/20210616_orientierungshilfe_e_mail_verschluesselung.pdf", "description": "The German Data Protection Conference (DSK) issued requirements based on Art. 5 par. 1 lit. f, Art. 25 and Art. 32 par. 1 DS-GVO regarding the process of receiving and sending emails. Controllers, processors, recipients and public e-mail service providers are required to ensure transport encryption for normal risks when sending and receiving emails in accordance with the guidelines of the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). Furthermore, qualified encryption or end-to-end enc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "有关包含个人数据的电子邮件的加密要求的指南", "description_zh": "德国数据保护会议 (DSK) 根据第 1 条发布了要求。 5 杆。 1 点燃。 f，艺术。 25 和艺术。 32 杆。 1 DS-GVO 关于接收和发送电子邮件的过程。根据德国联邦信息安全办公室 (BSI) 的指导方针，控制者、处理者、收件人和公共电子邮件服务提供商在发送和接收电子邮件时必须确保传输加密，以应对正常风险。此外，合格的加密或端到端加密..." }, { "date": "29 July 2021", "title": "Ruling of the German Federal Court on content moderation", "url": "https://www.bundesgerichtshof.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2021/2021149.html?nn=10690868", "description": "The German Federal Court has decided that Facebook's Terms and Conditions regarding the deletion of user posts and account blocking for violations of the communication standards set forth in the Terms and Conditions are invalid.This is due to the fact, that Facebook did not inform its users of the removal of uploaded content or of the blocking of users' accounts, hence denying users the opportunity to respond to the action. The Court rules that users affected by the invalid Terms and Conditio...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国联邦法院关于内容审核的裁决", "description_zh": "德国联邦法院裁定，Facebook关于删除用户帖子以及因违反条款和条件中规定的通信标准而封锁帐户的条款和条件无效。这是因为Facebook没有告知用户删除上传内容或封锁用户帐户的信息，从而剥夺了用户对此行为做出回应的机会。法院裁定，受无效条款和条件影响的用户..." }, { "date": "11 July 2020", "title": "German interstate-treaty requires algorithm disclosure", "url": "https://www.rlp.de/fileadmin/rlp-stk/pdf-Dateien/Medienpolitik/Medienstaatsvertrag_Begru__ndung.pdf", "description": "The heads of the 16 German regions sign the Interstate Media Treaty, modernising the regulatory framework for media to include digital content providers including intermediary platforms. Among other rules, the treaty requires digital content providers to explain in plain language the algorithms used for the selection, aggregation and presentation of content.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国州际条约要求披露算法", "description_zh": "德国 16 个地区的负责人签署了《州际媒体条约》，实现了媒体监管框架的现代化，其中包括包括中介平台在内的数字内容提供商。除其他规则外，该条约要求数字内容提供商以通俗易懂的语言解释用于内容选择、聚合和呈现的算法。" }, { "date": "2 January 2022", "title": "Law against extremism and hate crime", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav?startbk=Bundesanzeiger_BGBl&start=%2F%2F%2A%5B%40attr_id=%27bgbl121s0441.pdf%27%5D#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl121s0441.pdf%27%5D__1620974653066", "description": "On 1 February 2022, the reporting duty of the extremism and hate crime law is implemented. The duty applies to platforms with over 2 million users registered in Germany. Apart from removing illegal content, platforms will have to notify the authorities of the content and the IP address it stems from. The extremism and hate crime law expands the existing law on content moderation (Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz).", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "打击极端主义和仇恨犯罪的法律", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 1 日，实施极端主义和仇恨犯罪法的报告义务。该税适用于在德国注册用户超过 200 万的平台。除了删除非法内容外，平台还必须向当局通报该内容及其来源的 IP 地址。极端主义和仇恨犯罪法扩展了现有的内容审核法 (Netzwerkdurchsetz​​ungsgesetz)。" }, { "date": "28 July 2021", "title": "Technical requirements in German law on autonomous driving", "url": "https://www.bgbl.de/xaver/bgbl/start.xav#__bgbl__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27bgbl121s3108.pdf%27%5D__1629898296911", "description": "Following the signature by the German Federal President and official publication, the new law on autonomous driving enters into force. The new framework allows autonomous motor vehicles at SAE Level 4 to drive in regular operation on public roads in defined operating areas. So far, only cars with a SAE level up to 3 were allowed in regular operation. \nThe regulation includes technical requirements for the construction, condition and equipment of motor vehicles with autonomous driving function...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国自动驾驶法律技术要求", "description_zh": "在德国联邦总统签署并正式发布后，新的自动驾驶法正式生效。新框架允许 SAE 4 级自动驾驶汽车在规定运营区域的公共道路上正常行驶。到目前为止，只有 SAE 等级不超过 3 级的汽车才允许正常运营。 \n该规定包括对具有自动驾驶功能的机动车的构造、状况和装备的技术要求..." }, { "date": "9 August 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity strategy 2021-2025", "url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/kurzmeldungen/DE/2021/09/cybersicherheitsstrategie-2021.html", "description": "On 8 September 2021, the German Federal Council adopted its cyberssecurity strategy for the next 5 years, which was proposed by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community. Primarily, the Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) will be given more law enforcement responsibilities and oversight competencies in relation to national cybersecurity. Germany will further strengthen the importance of cybersecurity by increasing transparency on the matter and establishing cybers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2021-2025 年网络安全战略", "description_zh": "2021 年 9 月 8 日，德国联邦委员会通过了由联邦内政、建筑和社区部提出的未来 5 年网络安全战略。首先，联邦信息安全办公室（BSI）将被赋予更多与国家网络安全相关的执法职责和监督能力。德国将通过提高网络安全问题的透明度和建立网络安全体系来进一步强调网络安全的重要性。" }, { "date": "10 January 2021", "title": "Baden-Württemberg: Manual on international data transfers", "url": "https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.datenschutz.de/was-jetzt-in-sachen-internationaler-datentransfer-aktualisierte-handreichung/", "description": "The data protection authority of the southern state of Germany, Baden-Württemberg, announced on 1 October 2021, that it had issued an updated version of its manual with clearer guidelines on international data transfers based on the standard contractual clauses issued by the European Commission on June 4, 2021. In addition, the data protection body issued a section on their website with frequently asked questions, gathered during the public consultation on the delimitation of responsibilities...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "巴登-符腾堡州：国际数据传输手册", "description_zh": "德国南部巴登-符腾堡州数据保护机构于 2021 年 10 月 1 日宣布，已根据欧盟委员会 2021 年 6 月 4 日发布的标准合同条款发布了其手册的更新版本，其中包含更清晰的国际数据传输指南。此外，该数据保护机构还在其网站上发布了一个部分，其中包含在责任划分公众咨询期间收集的常见问题……" }, { "date": "10 November 2021", "title": "Anti-censorship measures in Cologne regional court v. YouTube", "url": "https://www.lg-koeln.nrw.de/behoerde/040_presse/zt_presse/pressemitteilungen/PM2021-08-YouTube-Video.pdf", "description": "On 11 October 2021, the Regional court of Cologne has prohibited YouTube from deleting two videos of the \"#allesaufdentisch\" campaign, through two interim injunctions. According to the Court, the video platform did not provide enough information about which passages violated the YouTube guidelines. The uploader further has a contractual right for the upload of videos as long as they don't violate YouTube's terms, which in this case was not fulfilled according to the court. YouTube has the rig...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "科隆地方法院诉 YouTube 案中的反审查措施", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 11 日，科隆地区法院通过两项临时禁令，禁止 YouTube 删除“#allesaufdentisch”活动的两个视频。法院称，该视频平台没有提供足够的信息来说明哪些段落违反了 YouTube 准则。只要不违反 YouTube 的条款，上传者还享有上传视频的合同权利，而在本案中，法院认为这些条款并未得到履行。 YouTube 有装备..." }, { "date": "15 December 2021", "title": "Saxony-Anhalt LfD guidelines on data protection for SMEs", "url": "https://datenschutz.sachsen-anhalt.de/fileadmin/Bibliothek/Landesaemter/LfD/PDF/binary/Informationen/Materialien/KMU/Datenschutz_ist_Chefsache.pdf", "description": "On 15 December 2021, the data protection commissioner (LfD) of Saxony-Anhalt updated guidance on data protection for small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The document contains specific guidance for SME owners on their data protection obligations towards their customers. The guidance covers matters such as the rules on processing data, data transfer, and reporting obligations in case of data breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨克森-安哈特州 LfD 中小企业数据保护指南", "description_zh": "2021 年 12 月 15 日，萨克森-安哈特州数据保护专员 (LfD) 更新了中小企业 (SME) 数据保护指南。该文件包含针对中小企业主对其客户的数据保护义务的具体指导。该指南涵盖了数据处理规则、数据传输以及数据泄露情况下的报告义务等事项。" }, { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "DSK guidelines on German law on privacy protection in telecommunication (TTDSG)", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/oh/20221130_OH_Telemedien_2021_Version_1_1.pdf", "description": "On 30 November 2022, Germany's Data Protection Conference (DSK) updated its guidance on the Federal Act on the Regulation of Data Protection and Privacy in Telecommunications and Telemedia (TTDSG – 2021). The updated guidance enhances the validity of and the requirements for consent and for its revoking, which must be informed and unambiguously expressed. In addition, the guidance includes a section on the lawfulness of processing in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国电信隐私保护法 DSK 指南 (TTDSG)", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 30 日，德国数据保护会议 (DSK) 更新了其关于电信和电信媒体数据保护和隐私监管联邦法案 (TTDSG – 2021) 的指南。更新后的指南提高了同意和撤销的有效性和要求，必须告知并明确表达。此外，该指南还包括关于根据《通用数据保护条例》（GDP..." }, { "date": "20 January 2022", "title": "German court fine for use of Google Fonts", "url": "https://rewis.io/urteile/urteil/lhm-20-01-2022-3-o-1749320/", "description": "The District Court of Munich, specifically its third civil chamber has ruled that an unknown website violated the EU General Data Protection Regulation by including fonts hosted by the service \"Google Fonts\". The reason is that the use of \"Google Fonts\" on the website transmitted the plaintiff's dynamic IP address to Google without explicit consent and without a legitimate basis. Such action violates the right to informational self-determination. The amount of the fine is 100 euros and the we...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国法院因使用谷歌字体而被罚款", "description_zh": "慕尼黑地方法院，特别是其第三民事法庭裁定，一个未知网站包含“Google Fonts”服务托管的字体，违反了欧盟《通用数据保护条例》。理由是，该网站使用“谷歌字体”，未经明确同意，也没有合法依据，将原告的动态IP地址传输给谷歌。此类行为侵犯了信息自决权。罚款金额为 100 欧元，我们..." }, { "date": "3 January 2022", "title": "Legal challenges to amended Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz", "url": "https://www.justiz.nrw/JM/Presse/presse_weitere/PresseOVG/01_03_2022_/index.php", "description": "On 1 March 2022, the Administrative Court of Cologne ruled that certain provisions of the amended Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG) are inapplicable since they violate EU regulations. Legal challenges were raised by both Google Ireland Ltd. and Meta Platforms Ireland Limited regarding content moderation provisions for video-sharing platform services. The Court ruled that the Act violates the \"country of origin principle\" of the E-Commerce Directive, according to which the undertakings operatin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "对修订后的 Netzwerkdurchsetz​​ungsgesetz 的法律挑战", "description_zh": "2022 年 3 月 1 日，科隆行政法院裁定修订后的网络执法法 (NetzDG) 的某些条款不适用，因为它们违反了欧盟法规。 Google Ireland Ltd. 和 Meta Platforms Ireland Limited 就视频共享平台服务的内容审核条款提出了法律挑战。法院裁定该法案违反了电子商务指令的“原产国原则”，根据该指令，企业运营......" }, { "date": "6 February 2022", "title": "BSI warning regarding Kaspersky anti-virus software", "url": "https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2022/bvg22-052.html", "description": "On 2 June 2022, the German federal constitutional court issued a press release outlining why it will not rule on the injunction request made by the anti-virus software company Kaspersky. \nThe statement follows a warning by the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) published against Kaspersky. Particularly, the BSI emphasised that Russian military actions threaten the EU, NATO and Germany, and Russian IT providers such as Kaspersky could either collaborate with offensive operati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BSI 关于卡巴斯基反病毒软件的警告", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 2 日，德国联邦宪法法院发布新闻稿，概述为何不会对反病毒软件公司卡巴斯基提出的禁令请求做出裁决。 \n该声明是在德国联邦信息安全办公室 (BSI) 对卡巴斯基发出警告之后发布的。 BSI 特别强调，俄罗斯的军事行动威胁到欧盟、北约和德国，卡巴斯基等俄罗斯 IT 提供商可以与进攻性行动合作..." }, { "date": "28 February 2022", "title": "BSI recommendations on cybersecurity due to conflict in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Cyber-Sicherheit/Vorfaelle/Ukraine-Krise/Massnahmenempfehlungen_BSI_Ukraine.pdf;jsessionid=D885189295686A305B4B069399FFCC53.internet462?__blob=publicationFile&v=1", "description": "On 28 February 2022, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) issued cybersecurity recommendations with regards to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The BSI's recommends companies to implement organisation and infrastructural remedies to minimise the systems subject to potential attacks, boost the detection of cyberattacks and implement reactionary measures in the case of a cyberattack.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BSI 针对乌克兰冲突提出的网络安全建议", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 28 日，德国联邦信息安全办公室 (BSI) 针对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰发布了网络安全建议。 BSI 建议公司实施组织和基础设施补救措施，以最大程度地减少遭受潜在攻击的系统，加强对网络攻击的检测，并在发生网络攻击时实施反应措施。" }, { "date": "19 June 2024", "title": "Federal Cartel Office sector inquiry into credit scoring practices in online retail industry", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2024/19_06_2024_SU_Scoring.html", "description": "On 19 June 2024, the Federal Cartel Office (FCO) published its report following a sector inquiry into scoring practices in online retail industry, specifically addressing compliance with consumer protection law. In its report, FCO notes that online retailers, payment service providers, and credit agencies did not uniformly observe compliance with consumer law. The FCO found that there is a significant transparency deficit concerning credit checks, which are often executed without the consumer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦卡特尔办公室部门对在线零售行业信用评分做法的调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 19 日，联邦卡特尔办公室 (FCO) 在对在线零售行业的评分做法进行部门调查后发布了报告，特别关注消费者保护法的合规问题。 FCO 在报告中指出，在线零售商、支付服务提供商和信贷机构并未统一遵守消费者法。英国外交部发现信用检查存在严重的透明度缺陷，这些检查通常是在没有消费者参与的情况下执行的……" }, { "date": "6 February 2022", "title": "Lawsuit regarding online platform liability over copyright protected content uploaded by users", "url": "https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bgh&Art=en&Datum=Aktuell&Sort=12288&nr=130076&linked=pm&Blank=1", "description": "On 2 June 2022, the German Federal Court of Justice issued a ruling in a case on the copyright liability of platforms between a music producer and the operators of Youtube concerning the repeated uploading of copyrighted materials by Youtube users. Previously, the Federal Court of Justice had halted proceedings in the case to request a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning EU IP and e-commerce law. Taking the preliminary ruling into account, the ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于网络平台对用户上传的受版权保护内容的责任的诉讼", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 2 日，德国联邦法院就音乐制作人和 Youtube 运营商之间关于 Youtube 用户重复上传受版权保护的材料的平台版权责任案件做出裁决。此前，联邦法院已暂停该案的审理，请求欧盟法院（CJEU）就欧盟知识产权和电子商务法作出初步裁决。考虑到初步裁决，..." }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "Berlin: DPA guidance on advertising and address trading", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/buergerinnen/selbstdatenschutz/ueberpruefung-ihrer-daten/werbung", "description": "On 16 June 2022, the Berlin data protection authority published guidance regarding data protection in advertising and address trading. Regarding advertising, the authority identified the overlap between personal data and advertising and explained how advertisers receive data, which data protection requirements advertisers must uphold, and how users can enforce their rights. Regarding address trading, the authority explained that users must consent separately to both the acquisition of their d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "柏林：DPA 关于广告和地址交易的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 16 日，柏林数据保护机构发布了有关广告和地址交易中数据保护的指南。关于广告，该机构指出了个人数据与广告之间的重叠，并解释了广告商如何接收数据、广告商必须遵守哪些数据保护要求以及用户如何行使自己的权利。关于地址交易，主管部门解释说，用户必须分别同意其地址的获取..." }, { "date": "26 July 2022", "title": "Investigation into Volkswagen over alleged data data protection violations during assisted driving testing", "url": "https://lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/infothek/presseinformationen/1-1-millionen-euro-bussgeld-gegen-volkswagen-213835.html", "description": "On 26 July 2022, the State Commissioner for Data Protection (LfD) of Lower Saxony announced that it has concluded its investigation into Volkswagen and issued a fine of EUR 1.1 million for General Data Protection Regulation violations. The violations were committed during test drives involving assisted driving systems. Firstly, the LfD noted that the company used cameras during the test drives without notifying other participants in traffic and failed to disclose that the participants were be...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "大众汽车因辅助驾驶测试期间涉嫌数据保护违规而接受调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 26 日，下萨克森州数据保护国家专员 (LfD) 宣布结束对大众汽车的调查，并因违反《通用数据保护条例》而处以 110 万欧元的罚款。这些违规行为是在涉及辅助驾驶系统的试驾期间发生的。首先，LfD 指出，该公司在试驾过程中使用了摄像头，但没有通知其他交通参与者，也没有透露参与者正在……" }, { "date": "28 July 2022", "title": "LfD Niedersachsen investigation into data processing practices for profiling purposes as a 'legitimate interest' (GDPR Art. 6)", "url": "https://lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/infothek/presseinformationen/900-000-euro-bussgeld-gegen-kreditinstitut-wegen-profilbildung-zu-werbezwecken-213925.html", "description": "On 28 July 2022, the State Commissioner for Data Protection (LfD) of Lower Saxony announced that it has issued a fine of EUR 900’000 on a banking institution, without disclosing the name of the entity. The LfD noted that the banking institution processed the personal data of its current and former customers with the purpose of profiling them for targeted advertising without obtaining their explicit consent. In particular, the entity contracted a third party and through its services analyzed t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "LfD Niedersachsen 对出于分析目的的数据处理实践作为“合法利益”进行调查（GDPR 第 6 条）", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 28 日，下萨克森州数据保护国家专员 (LfD) 宣布对一家银行机构处以 90 万欧元的罚款，但未透露该实体的名称。 LfD 指出，该银行机构在未获得现有客户和前任客户明确同意的情况下处理其个人数据，目的是为了进行有针对性的广告分析。特别是，该实体与第三方签订了合同，并通过其服务分析了..." }, { "date": "9 July 2022", "title": "Data transfer requirements in lawsuit on exclusion from public procurement over data protection compliance", "url": "https://oberlandesgericht-karlsruhe.justiz-bw.de/pb/,Lde/Startseite/Medien/Kein+Ausschluss+aus+Vergabeverfahren+wegen+Einbindung+der+luxemburgischen+Tochtergesellschaft+eines+US-amerikanischen+Unternehmens+als+Hosting-Anbieterin/?LISTPAGE=7373457", "description": "On 7 September 2022, the OLG Karlsruhe overturned the previous decision of the Public Procurement Chamber of Baden-Württemberg excluding an infrastructure provider from a public procurement on data protection compliance grounds after the provider filed an appeal against the decision. The case concerned a public procurement in which a contract was awarded to a service provider which sought to, in fulfilling the contract, engage a Luxembourg-based subsidiary of a US cloud provider to store pers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "因数据保护合规性而被排除在公共采购之外的诉讼中的数据传输要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 7 日，OLG 卡尔斯鲁厄推翻了巴登-符腾堡州公共采购商会之前以数据保护合规为由将基础设施提供商排除在公共采购之外的决定，此前该提供商针对该决定提出了上诉。该案件涉及公共采购，其中一份合同授予了一家服务提供商，该服务提供商在履行合同时试图聘请一家美国云提供商位于卢森堡的子公司来存储个人信息。" }, { "date": "26 September 2022", "title": "Guideline on detecting and handling cyberattacks", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/KRITIS/oh-sza.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=13", "description": "On 26 September 2022, the German Federal Institute for Security and Information technology (BSI) released its comprehensive guideline aimed at critical infrastructure providers, critical energy systems and energy supply networks, and auditing firms. After its initial release of a community draft that collected public opinions from relevant stakeholders, this published guideline is the final version. The targeted service providers are obligated to have adequate technical precautions to avoid a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "检测和处理网络攻击的指南", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 26 日，德国联邦安全和信息技术研究所 (BSI) 发布了针对关键基础设施提供商、关键能源系统和能源供应网络以及审计公司的综合指南。在最初发布社区草案并收集相关利益相关者的意见后，本次发布的指南是最终版本。目标服务提供商有义务采取足够的技术预防措施，以避免..." }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "Singapore-Germany Mutual Recognition Arrangement on Cybersecurity Labels for Consumer Smart Products", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/Press-Releases/2024/singapore-signs-mutual-recognition-arrangements-with-republic-of-korea-and-germany-on-cybersecurity-labelling-for-consumer-smart-products", "description": "On 16 October 2024, Singapore's Cyber Security Agency (CSA) and Germany's Federal Ministry of the Interior and Community adopted a mutual recognition arrangement for the recognition of cybersecurity labels. The arrangement builds on a previous agreement from 2022 and includes devices like cameras, speakers, and health trackers. The arrangement allows smart consumer products certified with Germany’s IT security label and Singapore’s cybersecurity label to be recognised in both countries. CSA ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新加坡-德国消费智能产品网络安全标签互认安排", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，新加坡网络安全局 (CSA) 和德国联邦内政和社区部通过了网络安全标签互认安排。该安排建立在 2022 年之前达成的协议基础上，包括摄像头、扬声器和健康追踪器等设备。该安排使得获得德国IT安全标签和新加坡网络安全标签认证的智能消费产品能够在两国获得认可。国家安全局..." }, { "date": "11 March 2022", "title": "Hessen Data Commissioner warning regarding cloud-based writing support in web browsers", "url": "https://datenschutz.hessen.de/presse/browser-funktionalitaet-kann-personenbezogene-daten-an-dritte-uebermitteln", "description": "On 3 November 2022, the Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information in the German state of Hessen issued a notice encouraging data processors and controllers to check the settings of web browsers using cloud-based writing support, including artificial intelligence tools. The Commissioner noted that such spell-checks could automatically transmit personal data to the browser manufacturer in violation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "黑森州数据专员就网络浏览器中基于云的书写支持发出警告", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 3 日，德国黑森州数据保护和信息自由专员发布通知，鼓励数据处理者和控制者使用基于云的写入支持（包括人工智能工具）检查网络浏览器的设置。专员指出，此类拼写检查可能会自动将个人数据传输给浏览器制造商，这违反了欧盟通用数据保护条例（GDPR）。" }, { "date": "15 November 2022", "title": "BFDI advice on Qatar World Cup 2022 apps", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Kurzmeldungen/DE/2022/22_Etheraz-Hayya.html", "description": "On 15 November 2022, the German Federal Commission for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) issued advice regarding two apps that are compulsory for visitors to download for entry to the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. After an initial analysis of the apps, the BfDI concluded that the apps' operations likely included undisclosed data processing and collection transmitted to a central server, including through collection of telecommunications data. The BfDI advised to only install the ap...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BFDI 对 2022 年卡塔尔世界杯应用程序的建议", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 15 日，德国联邦数据保护和信息自由委员会 (BfDI) 发布了有关游客必须下载两款应用程序才能参加 2022 年卡塔尔世界杯的建议。在对这些应用程序进行初步分析后，BfDI 得出的结论是，这些应用程序的操作可能包括未公开的数据处理和传输到中央服务器的收集，包括通过收集电信数据。 BfDI 建议仅安装应用程序..." }, { "date": "30 September 2022", "title": "LfD Niedersachsen updated guidelines on data protection-compliant consent on websites and requirements for consent layers", "url": "https://lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/themen/internet/datenschutzkonforme-einwilligungen-auf-webseiten-anforderungen-an-consent-layer-194906.html", "description": "On 30 September 2022, the Lower Saxony Data Protection Authority (LfD Niedersachsen) published the updated guidelines on “Data protection-compliant consent on websites and requirements for consent layers”. The guidelines are applicable to website operators using cookies and for the integration of third-party service providers that require user consent on their websites. The updated guidelines outline requirements for data protection-compliant consent, consent revocation, and consent from minors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "LfD Niedersachsen 更新了有关网站数据保护合规同意的指南以及同意层的要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 30 日，下萨克森州数据保护局 (LfD Niedersachsen) 发布了关于“网站上符合数据保护要求的同意和同意层的要求”的更新指南。该指南适用于使用 cookie 的网站运营商以及需要用户同意其网站的第三方服务提供商的集成。更新后的指南概述了数据保护合规同意、同意撤销和未成年人同意的要求。" }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "German Data Protection Conference Statement on data protection implications under amended German Civil Code and EU Directive 2019/770", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/20221129_dskb_08_Beschluss_Verbrauchervorschriften.pdf", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the German Data Protection Conference issued a statement regarding the impact of the amended provisions of the German Civil Code which were adopted to implement EU Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. In particular, the German Data Protection Conference addressed the applicability of these provisions to business models where the services provided are financed through personalised online advertis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国数据保护会议关于修订后的《德国民法典》和欧盟指令 2019/770 中数据保护影响的声明", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 29 日，德国数据保护会议就《德国民法典》修订条款的影响发表了一份声明，该条款是为了执行欧盟指令 2019/770 有关数字内容和数字服务供应合同的某些方面而采用的。特别是，德国数据保护会议讨论了这些规定对通过个性化在线广告资助所提供服务的商业模式的适用性……" }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "Lawsuit on cookies consent banner (Federal Association of Consumer Organizations (vzbv) v. BurdaForward GmbH)", "url": "https://www.vzbv.de/urteile/einsatz-von-tracking-cookies-auf-focusde-war-rechtswidrig", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the District Court of Munich I issued a ruling in the case brought by the German Federal Association of Consumer Organizations (vzbv) against BurdaForward GmbH on the basis of the German Telecommunications Telemedia Data Protection Act. The court established that users' consent to the processing of their data was not obtained freely, as the design of the cookie consent banner created undue differences between the amount of effort required to consent and to opt-out. Howeve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于 cookie 同意横幅的诉讼（联邦消费者组织协会 (vzbv) 诉 BurdaForward GmbH）", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 29 日，慕尼黑第一地方法院根据德国电信媒体数据保护法，对德国联邦消费者组织协会 (vzbv) 起诉 BurdaForward GmbH 的案件作出裁决。法院认定，用户对其数据处理的同意不是自由获得的，因为 cookie 同意横幅的设计在同意和选择退出所需的努力量之间造成了不适当的差异。然而..." }, { "date": "1 May 2023", "title": "Lawsuit involving alleged violation of EU GDPR on data storage and processing (Deutsche Wohnen v Berlin Data Protection Commissioner)", "url": "https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/uploads/dsk/20230118-Stellungnahme-DSK.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2023, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of Germany (DSK) issued its \"Opinion on fundamental issues concerning the sanctioning of data protection violations by companies - ECJ Case C-807/21\". The case concerns a fine of EUR 14.5 million imposed on German real estate company Deutsche Wohnen by the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and the Freedom of Information under the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) regarding the alleged illegal ret...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "涉及数据存储和处理方面涉嫌违反欧盟 GDPR 的诉讼（Deutsche Wohnen 诉柏林数据保护专员）", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 5 日，德国独立数据保护机构会议 (DSK) 发布了“关于制裁公司数据保护违规行为的基本问题的意见 - 欧洲法院案例 C-807/21”。该案涉及柏林数据保护和信息自由专员根据欧盟通用数据保护条例 (GDPR) 对德国房地产公司 Deutsche Wohnen 处以 1,450 万欧元的罚款，原因是涉嫌非法检索..." }, { "date": "1 September 2023", "title": "Federal Financial Supervisory Authority alert against \"Godfather\" malware", "url": "https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Verbrauchermitteilung/weitere/2023/meldung_2023_01_09_warnung_aktuelle_schadsoftware.html", "description": "On 9 January 2023, the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) released a statement warning consumers and application providers about “Godfather,” a malware collecting user data in banking and crypto applications. According to BaFin, the malware has attacked around 400 banking and crypto apps, including operators in Germany. The BaFin stated that it is unclear exactly how the malware operates and infects end devices of consumers. BaFin also released guidance from the Federal Of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦金融监管局针对“教父”恶意软件发出警报", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 9 日，德国联邦金融监管局 (BaFin) 发布声明，警告消费者和应用程序提供商注意“教父”，这是一种在银行和加密应用程序中收集用户数据的恶意软件。据 BaFin 称，该恶意软件已经攻击了大约 400 个银行和加密货币应用程序，其中包括德国的运营商。德国联邦金融监管局表示，目前尚不清楚该恶意软件是如何运行并感染消费者的终端设备的。 BaFin 还发布了联邦..." }, { "date": "31 January 2023", "title": "German Data Protection Conference (DSK) investigation into risk of third-country access to EU/EEA company personal data", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/20230206_DSK_Beschluss_Extraterritoriale_Zugriffe.pdf", "description": "On 31 January 2023, the German Data Protection Conference (DSK) issued its decision assessing third-country public authorities' access to EU/EEA personal data. In particular, the DSK estimates that the risk that third-country public authorities could potentially access personal data processed by an EU/EEA-based company pursuant to Article 28 of the GDPR is not sufficient to assume that such a transfer of data has taken place. However, it is sufficient to warrant scrutiny of the processor or c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国数据保护会议 (DSK) 对第三国访问欧盟/欧洲经济区公司个人数据的风险进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 1 月 31 日，德国数据保护会议 (DSK) 发布了评估第三国公共机构访问欧盟/欧洲经济区个人数据的决定。特别是，DSK 估计，第三国公共当局可能访问欧盟/欧洲经济区公司根据 GDPR 第 28 条处理的个人数据的风险不足以假设发生了此类数据传输。然而，这足以保证对处理器或c的审查......" }, { "date": "2 January 2023", "title": "BayLfD Guideline on Cause and Prevention of Excel Data Breaches", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-bayern.de/datenschutzreform2018/aki46.html", "description": "On 1 February 2023, the Bavarian State Commissioner for Data Protection (BayLfD) released a guideline aimed at supporting businesses that use Microsoft Excel against cyberattacks. The Guideline delves into the causes and prevention aspects of data breaches in Excel. The Guideline elaborates on specific functions in the software, including hidden columns, worksheets, and metadata. BayLfD urges an appropriate configuration of Excel and imposing standards company-wide that would reduce the risk ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BayLfD 关于 Excel 数据泄露的原因和预防的指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 1 日，巴伐利亚州数据保护专员 (BayLfD) 发布了一项指南，旨在支持使用 Microsoft Excel 的企业抵御网络攻击。该指南深入探讨了 Excel 中数据泄露的原因和预防方面。该指南详细阐述了软件中的具体功能，包括隐藏列、工作表和元数据。 BayLfD 敦促对 Excel 进行适当的配置，并在全公司范围内实施标准，以降低风险......" }, { "date": "17 February 2023", "title": "BfDI investigation into Federal Press Office Facebook Fanpage", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/06-Untersagung-Betrieb-Fanpage-BReg.html", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) informed the Federal Press Office that its use of a \"Facebook fan page\" to keep citizens informed does not comply with data protection standards. The BfDI asked for the Facebook fan page to be deleted, noting the lack of an effective legal basis for data processing and that the Telecommunications-Telemedia Data Protection Act requires consent before non-essential cookies or similar tracking te...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "BfDI 对联邦新闻办公室 Facebook 粉丝专页的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 17 日，联邦数据保护和信息自由专员 (BfDI) 告知联邦新闻办公室，其使用“Facebook 粉丝页面”让公民了解情况的做法不符合数据保护标准。 BfDI 要求删除 Facebook 粉丝页面，指出数据处理缺乏有效的法律依据，并且《电信-电信媒体数据保护法》要求在非必要的 cookie 或类似跟踪技术之前获得同意。" }, { "date": "13 February 2023", "title": "Bundeskartellamt procurement case involving a subsidiary of a US parent company", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidung/DE/Entscheidungen/Vergaberecht/2023/VK2-114-22.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2", "description": "On 13 February 2023, the Procurement Chamber of the German Bundeskartellamt issued a ruling in a procurement case in which a contract was awarded to a German subsidiary of a US parent company. At issue was a challenge to the award based on the potential for the parent company to make personal information processed as part of the contract available to US law enforcement. The ruling stated that the bid could not be rejected on the basis of potential GDPR violations. The Bundeskartellamt emphasi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "德国联邦卡特尔局采购案涉及美国母公司子公司", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 13 日，德国联邦卡特尔采购商会就一起采购案件做出裁决，该案件中，一份合同授予了一家美国母公司的德国子公司。争论的焦点是对裁决的质疑，因为母公司有可能将作为合同一部分处理的个人信息提供给美国执法部门。该裁决指出，不能以潜在违反 GDPR 为由拒绝投标。德国联邦卡特尔局强调..." }, { "date": "28 February 2023", "title": "BfDI statement on EDPB opinion on draft adequacy decision in EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/EN/2023/07_Stellungnahme-EDSA-EU-US-DPF.html?nn=355282", "description": "On 28 February 2023, the German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) issued a statement in support of the European Data Protection Board (EDPB)'s opinion on the draft adequacy decision on the EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF). The statement echoed the EDPB's opinion and reiterated that the BfDI shared the same concerns as the EDPB regarding the adequacy of the levels of data protection of the new regulations and their adherence to existing EU standards r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Bundeskartellamt investigation into Microsoft to determine status as a company of paramount significance for competition across markets", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2024/30_09_2024_Microsoft_19a.html?nn=48916", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the German Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) issued a decision classifying Microsoft as an undertaking of paramount significance for competition across markets under Section 19a of the German Digitalisation Act on extended abuse control. The classification imposes extended abuse control on Microsoft, allowing the authority to directly prohibit anti-competitive practices and regulate Microsoft's extensive product portfolio, including operating systems, productivity...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 March 2023", "title": "Telecommunications Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure compatibility with the EU law", "url": "https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/2023/02/rk20230214_1bvr268316.html", "description": "On 14 February 2023, the German Federal Constitution Court ruled that the German Telecommunications Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure are incompatible with EU law. The decision upholds the EU Court of Justice's ruling that the German data retention law is no longer valid and cannot be implemented as of 20 September 2022, as stated in the ruling Cases C-793/19 ECJ/SpaceNet and C-794/19/Telekom Deutschland. The provisions of the Telecommunications Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 September 2024", "title": "Law against Digital Violence", "url": "https://www.bmj.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzgebungsverfahren/DE/2023_Digitale_Gewalt.html", "description": "On 9 December 2024, the German Federal Ministry of Justice published a draft of the proposed law to combat digital violence. The law aims to strengthen individuals' ability to legally pursue violations of their personal rights in the digital realm. Specifically, the law would provide simplified procedures for victims of online violence to identify offenders, requiring platforms to disclose specific information about users responsible for unlawful actions. The draft law also introduces a legal...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 March 2023", "title": "Opinion on website subscription models", "url": "https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/pm/DSK_Beschluss_Bewertung_von_Pur-Abo-Modellen_auf_Websites.pdf", "description": "On 22 March 2023, the German Conference of Independent Data Supervisory Authorities has issued an Opinion on websites offering users a choice between a free version that tracks user behaviour and a paid version that does not. The Opinion states that this practice is acceptable under certain conditions. The free version must obtain user consent for tracking and allow users to opt-in separately for each data processing purpose. The paid version must be essentially equivalent to the free version...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 April 2023", "title": "Baden-Wuerttemberg data protection authority investigation into ChatGPT’s personal data processing practices", "url": "https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.datenschutz.de/lfdi-informiert-sich-bei-openai-wie-chatgpt-datenschutzrechtlich-funktioniert/", "description": "On 24 April 2023, the German State of Baden-Wuerttemberg's Data Protection Authority stated that it had requested information from OpenAI on ChatGPT’s data processing practices and operation in order to determine whether the application complies with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, the Authority highlighted that every provider processing personal data is required to explain how the data is processed, the purpose of the processing, and the measures being taken ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 November 2023", "title": "Data Protection Commission opinion specifying criteria for sovereign clouds", "url": "https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/uploads/dsk/2023-05-11_DSK-Positionspapier_Kritierien-Souv-Clouds.pdf", "description": "On 11 May 2023, the German Data Protection Commission (DSK) published an opinion on the criteria for sovereign clouds. According to the DSK, the term \"sovereign cloud\" cannot be found in the General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) but is used in the market. While the term \"sovereign cloud\" only becomes legally binding by a contract, a certification or a code of conduct, the DSK outlined criteria that could be used to assess whether the cloud is sovereign or not. The DSK defines \"sovereig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 May 2023", "title": "Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information statement on the General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/10_5-Jahre-DSGVO.html?nn=251944", "description": "On 25 May 2023, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) issued a statement on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and outlined the enforcement challenges in regard to data protection, such as artificial intelligence (AI). The BfDI stated that since the GDPR implementation, the number of cases opened against large providers were concluded based on cross-border cooperation. The BfDI noted that GDPR set an international standard adopted by other j...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2023", "title": "Investigation into Bank for Lack of Transparency About Automated Decision in Credit Card Application by Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI)", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/pressemitteilung/computer-sagt-nein", "description": "On 31 May 2023, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) issued a fine of EUR 300'000 against a bank for lack of transparency regarding an automated rejection in its credit card application system. Despite the customer having a good credit score and a regular high income, the bank only offered general information about the scoring process, failing to provide specific details about why the customer's application was rejected. According to the BInBDI, this...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2023", "title": "Published ruling in civil lawsuit involving claims letters against an owner of websites using Google Fonts", "url": "https://openjur.de/u/2467066.html", "description": "On 16 January 2023, the Regional Court of Baden-Baden ruled in a civil lawsuit involving claims letters against an owner of websites using Google Fonts. The appellant had sent letters to a business owner whose website was using Google Fonts, claiming that the transfer of their IP addresses to the US as a result of Google Fonts violated their right to informational self-determination. The appellant also offered to waive their claim in exchange for a payment of EUR 170. The court determined tha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 October 2023", "title": "Establishment of the Federal Data Institute", "url": "https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/C-D/230510-konzeptpapier-dateninstitut.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10", "description": "On 10 May 2023, the proposal for the establishment of the Data Institute submitted by the German Federal Government was approved by the budget committee of the Bundestag. The Data Institute would study and establish processes to ensure the availability and standardisation of data and implement data trustee models. The institute will address coordination challenges within the national data ecosystem and provide guidance, offer support and facilitate collaboration between sectors. The proposal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 March 2023", "title": "Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media public lawsuit against xHamster over alleged non-compliance with age verification obligations", "url": "https://www.kjm-online.de/service/pressemitteilungen/meldung/kjm-beschliesst-sperrung-von-xhamster", "description": "On 3 March 2023, the Commission for the Protection of Minors in the Media filed a public lawsuit against xHamster over alleged non-compliance with age verification obligations. The Commission stated that the platform failed to implement technical measures to ensure that children and young people do not access the content displayed on the platforms, which was rated as appropriate only for users over 18 years old. The Commission is requesting approval of an order to telecommunication providers ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 June 2023", "title": "Adopted BfDI Data Protection and Telecommunications Report", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Broschueren/INFO5.html?nn=251928", "description": "On 20 June 2023, the Data Protection Authority issued a report on technical and legal issues that are faced within the telecommunication industry. Initially, the report outlines the legal foundations upon which these data protection standards are based, such as the Constitution, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Telecommunications Act, and the Telecommunications and Telemedia Data Protection Act. The report then outlines the obligations of data processors, Telemedia providers...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 June 2023", "title": "BfDi Working paper on authentification in the area of telecommunications summarising risk fields", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/DE/Fachthemen/Inhalte/Telefon-Internet/Positionen/Authentifizierung.html?nn=251928", "description": "On 23 June 2023, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) published a working paper on authentication in the area of telecommunications summarising security risks. The working paper stresses the need for the protection of sensitive personal data, such as telephone numbers and bank details, in the telecommunications industry. Regarding risks, telecom providers must take appropriate measures based on the severity and likelihood of risks associated with spec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 March 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuit against Telekom for alleged violation of data localisation requirements", "url": "https://www.verbraucherzentrale.nrw/sites/default/files/2023-05/lg_koln_vom_23-03-2023_33_o_376_22_geschwaerzt.pdf", "description": "On 23 March 2023, the Cologne Regional Court delivered a judgment in a civil case filed by the Consumer Advice Centre North Rhine-Westphalia against Telekom, accusing them of breaching data transfer regulations. Telekom has been instructed to cease transferring consumers' personal data to third countries for analysis and marketing, specifically concerning the use of cookies and similar technologies on their website, unless the legal bases provided for cross-border data transfers by the GDPR a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Design guidelines for online consent management in cookie banners", "url": "https://www.bmuv.de/fileadmin/Daten_BMU/Download_PDF/Verbraucherschutz/cookie_guidelines_bf.pdf", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMUV) published design guidelines setting out good practice for online consent management in cookie banners. The document provides guidelines for user-friendly, privacy-friendly, and legally compliant cookie banners for websites, platforms, and content providers. The initiative involved various companies, organisations, and government bodies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 April 2023", "title": "Technical Guideline TR-03183 on cyber resilience requirements for Manufacturers and Products", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/BSI/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/TR03183/BSI-TR-03183-2.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3", "description": "On 4 August 2023, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) adopted its Technical Guideline TR-03183 on cyber resilience requirements for Manufacturers and Products. The Guideline outlines the concept of a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), which is a machine-readable record that catalogues the components used in software applications. Furthermore, the Guideline emphasises the need for increased transparency and understanding of software complexity by providing information abou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2024", "title": "Germany: Law implementing of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act)", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2024/kw03-de-digitale-dienste-986292", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the law (Digitale-Dienste-Gesetz) implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2065, the EU Digital Services Act (DSA) was introduced into the German parliament (Bundestag). The DSA establishes a horizontal legal framework for digital intermediary services, standardises rules for consumer protection, and creates a robust supervisory structure. The Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) is designated as the Digital Services Coordinator in Germany. Its responsibility is to monitor ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 August 2023", "title": "Civil lawsuits regarding the obligation of telecommunication companys to store their clients data (BVerwG 6 C 6.22)", "url": "https://www.bverwg.de/de/pm/2023/66", "description": "On 14 August 2023, the German Supreme Court issued its ruling in a civil lawsuit regarding the obligation of telecommunication companies to store their clients data (BVerwG 6 C 6.22). The applicant, a telecommunication company, objected to the obligation imposed by the Telecommunications Act (TKG). In particular, TKG required providers to retain telecommunications traffic data of their customers. The Supreme Court found that the applicant is not obliged to store the telecommunications traffic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "Employee Data Protection Act (Beschaftigtendatenschutzgesetz)", "url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/DE/2023/08/nationale-datenstrategie.html#:~:text=Die%20Datenstrategie%20der%20Bundesregierung%20adressiert,die%20Grundlage%20f%C3%BCr%20mehr%20Fortschritt.", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the German government announced a new Employee Data Protection Act (Beschäftigtendatenschutzgesetz) in the context of the launch of its National Data Strategy. The Act will be published in the fourth quarter of 2023. The aim of this new Act would be to provide legal clarity for employers and employees, as well as effectively protect the employees' personal rights.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "25 July 2023", "title": "Mobility Data Act (Mobilitatsdatengesetz)", "url": "https://bmdv.bund.de/DE/Themen/Digitales/Digitale-Gesellschaft/Eckpunkte-Mobilitaetsdatengesetz/eckpunkte-mobilitaetsdatengesetz_node.html", "description": "On 25 July 2023, the German Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport published key points for the new Mobility Data Act (Mobilitätsdatengesetz), bundling current EU and national regulations together. The Act would apply to transport companies and mobility services providers. Aiming to ensure free accessibility of traffic data, the companies' data, in particular data for the calculation of route alternatives and navigation, would have to be provided free of charge. The data would be accessib...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 November 2023", "title": "Research Data Act (Forschungsdatengesetz)", "url": "https://www.bmbf.de/bmbf/shareddocs/kurzmeldungen/de/2023/03/230306-forschungsdatengesetz.html", "description": "On 11 April 2023, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research closed its consultation on the Research Data Act (Forschungsdatengesetz). The Act aims at improving access to data for research and providing a basis for disclosure, storage and security. Furthermore, the Act aims to promote data-driven research that contributes to solving technological challenges such as AI development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 September 2023", "title": "Guidelines for Microsoft 365 contracts to align with GDPR requirements", "url": "https://lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/infothek/presseinformationen/einsatz-von-microsoft-365-praxis-tipps-fur-vertrage-mit-microsoft-225722.html", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Data Protection Commissioner of Lower Saxony published guidelines for handling Microsoft's standard order processing agreement for using \"Microsoft 365.\" These guidelines were released in response to a November 2022 finding by the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) that Microsoft’s standard data processing agreement (DPA) does not meet the requirements of Article 28(3) of the GDPR. The guidelines advis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "Federal Financial Supervisory Authority Supervisory Notice on Outsourcing to Cloud Providers", "url": "https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Meldung/2024/meldung_2024_02_01_Cloud_Anbieter.html", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) published a supervisory notice on outsourcing to cloud providers. The notice, based on the guidance from November 2018, provides practical insights into how BaFin assesses outsourcing to cloud providers and offers guidance for supervised companies. The notice includes updated content on cloud outsourcing governance, introduction processes, and contractual minimum standards. It also introduces two new chapters provi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Strategy for International Digital Policy", "url": "https://bmdv.bund.de/SharedDocs/EN/PressRelease/2024/004-wissing-protect-the-internet.html", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Federal Cabinet of Germany adopted the Strategy for International Digital Policy, submitted by the Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport. The Strategy serves as a proactive framework for the Federal Government's international digital policy, with a focus on human rights protection and access to a free, uncensored Internet. The Strategy outlines nine guiding principles and emphasises technology partnerships with democratic countries. The principles include but are ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2024", "title": "Measures redefining the legal basis for scoring in Amendment to Federal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-996498", "description": "On 27 March 2024, the Bill (20/10859) to amend the Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG) was introduced to the lower house of the federal parliament, Bundestag. In particular, the Bill would prohibit the use of sensitive data, including ethnic origin, biometric data and health data, data subject's name, address and transaction history data, and minor's data to generate probability values for credit scoring.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Technical Guideline for Central Bank Digital Currency Backend Systems", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Alle-Meldungen-News/Meldungen/Digitales_Zentralbankgeld_240208.html", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) released the first part of the Technical Guidelines BSI TR-03179-1 titled “Central Bank Digital Currency - Part 1: Requirements on Backend Systems”. The guideline is addressed to providers and developers of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) payment systems, providing a secure implementation framework. The text outlines the requirements for the backend systems of the CBDC infrastructure. This includes general IT se...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 July 2023", "title": "Baden-Wurttemberg: Discussion paper on legal bases in data protection for the use of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.datenschutz.de/rechtsgrundlagen-datenschutz-ki/", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) for the German state of Baden-Württemberg published a Discussion paper on the legal bases in data protection for the use of artificial intelligence. The Discussion Paper aims, in a provisional way, to set out the current legal bases in data protection law for the use of AI. The Discussion Paper sets out different personal data processing phases in the development and use lifecycle of AI, differentiating, for example, between collection a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "Measures to Combat Online Hate and Right-Wing Extremist Content", "url": "https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/pressemitteilungen/DE/2024/02/massnahmen-gegen-rechtsextremismus.html", "description": "On 13 February 2024, the German Ministry of Interior (Bundesministerium für Inneres und Heimat) adopted measures to combat hate and right-wing extremist content on the Internet. In particular, online platforms are required to remove right-wing extremist content. In addition, the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) has been expanded as the central reporting point for criminal content on the Internet in order to develop new strategies and tools to prosecute crimes in the digital space.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2024", "title": "Establishment of Data Access and Coordination Office in Health Data Utilisation Act", "url": "https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2024/102/VO.html", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Health Data Utilisation Act (BGBl. 2024 I Nr. 102) entered into force one day after its publication in the Federal Gazette. The Act establishes a Data Access and Coordination Office for Health Data at the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. In particular, the Office is tasked with maintaining a public metadata catalogue for transparency about available health data and identifying the respective data holders. Further, the Act regulates the competencies in cas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 March 2024", "title": "Data use regulation in Health Data Utilisation Act", "url": "https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2024/102/VO.html", "description": "On 26 March 2024, the Health Data Utilisation Act (BGBl. 2024 I Nr. 102) entered into force one day after its publication in the Federal Gazette. The Act states that health institutions that process data are allowed to do so and continuously use the data if necessary to increase the safety of the patient, for research purposes, or statistical purposes. The Act notes the necessity of pseudonymisation and eventual anonymisation of personal data for quality assurance and research. The Act enable...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "EDPB Recommendations for EU Cloud Service Data Protection (Auditor) Certification Criteria by German Authority", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/opinion-board-art-64/opinion-72024-draft-decision-german-north-rhine_en", "description": "On 17 April 2024, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) adopted an opinion on the draft decision by the German state North Rhine Westphalia's Supervisory Authority regarding the EU Cloud Service Data Protection (Auditor) Certification Criteria. This opinion aims to ensure the GDPR's consistent application across certification mechanisms, controllers, and processors. The EDPB's assessment, based on the Guidelines 1/2018 and its Addendum, resulted in several recommendations for amendments, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 April 2023", "title": "Proposal for Federal Law to Prevent Data Protection Violation Claims through Competition Law", "url": "https://www.bayern.de/pdf/data/bayernde_150733.pdf", "description": "On 23 April 2023, the Bavarian State Government announced its decision to introduce a bill to the German Federal Council aimed at preventing the pursuit of data protection violations through the Act Against Unfair Competition (UWG). This initiative seeks to address the legal ambiguity and potential for misuse associated with the current practice of (alleged) competitors issuing warnings for minor formal errors on websites as violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Specifi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 June 2024", "title": "German Data Protection Conference (DSK) guidance on Artificial Intelligence and data protection", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/oh/20240506_DSK_Orientierungshilfe_KI_und_Datenschutz.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2024, the German Data Protection Conference (DSK) published guidelines on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and compliance with data protection regulations. The guidance provides criteria for the lawful deployment of AI applications, including considerations for legality, personal data processing, training in compliance with data protection laws, and transparency requirements. It serves as a manual for selecting, implementing, and using AI applications in a manner that respects...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2025", "title": "Security requirements in NIS 2 Implementation and Cybersecurity Strengthening Act", "url": "https://www.recht.bund.de/bgbl/1/2025/301/VO.html", "description": "On 6 December 2025, the NIS 2 Implementation and Cybersecurity Strengthening Act, including security requirements, entered into one day after its official publication. It introduces a minimum set of risk measures, including incident-handling procedures, business continuity requirements, vulnerability management, authentication, cryptographic protection, and supply chain controls. Companies are required to assess their own risks and implement proportionate safeguards. The Act also replaces the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 May 2024", "title": "Data Protection Conference position on Secondary Use of Genetic Data for Research Purposes", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/dskb/2024-05-15_DSK-Beschluss_Genetische-Daten.pdf", "description": "On 15 May 2024, the Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities (DSK) of the Federal and State Governments in Germany adopted their position on the Secondary Use of Genetic Data for Research Purposes. The adopted position aims to establish a legal framework that ensures high protection and trust requirements, effective participation, and control options for affected individuals. The position emphasises the sensitivity and high predictive potential of genetic data, highlighting ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 June 2024", "title": "HmbBfDI statement on protecting personal data in recruitment processes", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HmbBfDI/Datenschutz/Informationen/240606_Information_Bewerberdatenschutz_und_Recruiting.pdf", "description": "On 6 June 2024, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) adopted a statement on protecting personal data in recruitment processes. The HmbBfDI notes that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) principles such as legality, purpose limitation, and data minimisation must be adhered to when processing applicant data, with clear information obligations under Articles 13 and 14 of the GDPR. Further, the HmbBfDI noted that the use of artificial intelli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 December 2024", "title": "Hamburg Commissioner Guidelines around Objections to Meta AI Data Training Policy", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HmbBfDI/Datenschutz/Informationen/240612_PM_AI_Training_with_personal_data_Insta_Facebook_EN.pdf", "description": "On 12 June 2024, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) issued a guideline on Meta's new privacy policy, which involves using personal data from Facebook, Instagram, and Threads for AI training, which will enter into effect on 26 June 2024. This policy affects billions of users globally, aiming to develop and enhance Meta's AI services. Users have the option to object through their profile settings under the Privacy Policy section. The Hamburg Data P...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 May 2024", "title": "Bill relating to criminal protection of personal rights against deepfakes", "url": "https://dserver.bundestag.de/brd/2024/0222-24B.pdf", "description": "On 5 July 2024, the Federal Council of Germany (Bundesrat) introduced a draft law aimed at the criminal protection of personality rights against deepfakes to the German Federal Parliament. The draft law creates a new criminal offense named the violation of personality rights through digital forgery. It criminalises the creation and distribution of media content that realistically depicts a person’s appearance, behaviour, or speech using computer technology without consent, punishable by up to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "BaFin implementation guidance on DORA", "url": "https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Meldung/2024/meldung_2024_07_08_DORAGap.html", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) issued implementation guidance for the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA). Companies in the banking and insurance sectors under BaFin's supervision will be required to adhere to DORA, effective from the implementation date of 17 January 2025. These firms must adopt a standard risk management framework and effectively manage their information and communication technology (ICT) risks in line with DORA requirements...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 July 2024", "title": "HmbBfDI assessment of relationship between the General Data Protection Regulation and Large Language Models", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/hamburger-thesen-zum-personenbezug-in-large-language-models", "description": "On 15 July 2024, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI) published a discussion paper on the relationship between the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Large Language Models (LLMs). The paper provides a detailed explanation of the technical aspects of LLMs to support companies and authorities in handling data protection issues on LLMs. The paper outlines that storing an LLM does not count as processing under GDPR since no personal data is ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 June 2024", "title": "Guidelines on data protection for newsletters and email advertising", "url": "https://www.datenschutz.rlp.de/service/aktuelles/detail/informationskampagne-newsletter-und-e-mail-werbung", "description": "On 17 June 2024, the State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information in Rhineland-Pfalz initiated an information campaign addressed to companies and cultural institutions. According to the regulator, this campaign aims to enhance awareness and compliance with data protection regulations concerning the distribution of newsletters and email advertising. They specify that companies obtain data either directly from individuals through methods such as contests, loyalty programs, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 August 2024", "title": "BSI IT security label for mobile devices", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Presse2024/240814_IT-SiK_Mobile-Endgeraete.html", "description": "On 14 August 2024, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) adopted the new product category \"mobile devices\" for its IT security label, allowing consumers to easily identify devices that meet a certain level of IT security. In particular, the label aims to ensure that smartphones and tablets, which store and process personal data, offer adequate protection. The BSI provides specific guidelines (TR-03180 A) for manufacturers to follow, including monitoring and addressing vulne...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 November 2024", "title": "Letter of Intent for cooperation on IoT security certification systems", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2446&page=1", "description": "On 11 September 2024, the Korea Internet & Security Agency (KISA) and the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) signed a letter of intent for mutual cooperation on Internet of Things (IoT) security certification systems. The agreement aims to facilitate mutual recognition of IoT security certification systems between the Republic of Korea and Germany, exchange best practices, and cooperate on IoT security technology standards. The aim is to eventually conclude full mutual recog...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Lower Saxony data protection authority legal assessment of Volkswagen AG on new data processing procedures in customer vehicles", "url": "https://www.lfd.niedersachsen.de/startseite/infothek/aktuelles/datenschutzbehorden-im-austausch-mit-der-volkswagen-ag-uber-neuartige-datenverarbeitung-in-kundenfahrzeugen-235901.html", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the state commissioner for data protection in Lower Saxony announced that, along with the data protection supervisory authorities in Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, it was engaged in an exchange with Volkswagen AG and its subsidiaries, Audi and Porsche on its new data processing procedures in customer vehicles. According to the commissioner, Volkswagen plans to introduce the use of customer vehicle sensors and image data to enhance driver assistance and safety systems. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning data processing and transfer outside Europe by operator of a social network", "url": "https://www.gesetze-bayern.de/Content/Document/Y-300-Z-GRURRS-B-2024-N-19976?hl=true", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the LG Traunstein court published a final judgment in case number 9 O 173/24, ruling on a lawsuit against a social network operator concerning allegations of GDPR violations related to data processing and international data transfers to the USA. The court found that extensive data protection requirements do not necessarily lead to violations of Articles 13 and 14 of the GDPR, and it confirmed that data transfer to the USA is permissible for the performance of the contract as s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "Motion concerning freedom of expression on social networks (No. 20/13364)", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2024/kw42-de-digitaler-service-act-1024598", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the lower chamber of the federal parliament, the Bundestag, passed the motion named “No restriction of freedom of expression in social networks - Advocate for the abolition of the Digital Services Act - Until then, safeguard fundamental rights during implementation” (20/13364). The motion criticises the suppression of legally permissible user posts on social networks through deletion or reduction of reach, attributing this to the operators' internal policies against “hate ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 September 2024", "title": "DSK guidance on data processing in connection with radio-based meters", "url": "https://datenschutz.sachsen-anhalt.de/landesbeauftragte/pressemitteilungen/pm-dsk-23092024", "description": "On 23 September 2024, the Data Protection Conference (DSK) announced that it issued an orientation aid focused on data protection concerns related to radio-controlled consumption meters. The orientation aid addresses collecting and transmitting personal consumption data, such as electricity, heating, and water usage, through remotely readable meters, as well as clarifies legal responsibilities and best practices for data security. The orientation aid provides recommendations on compliance wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning scraping complex (claims in connection with a data protection incident on social network Facebook)", "url": "", "description": "On 18 November 2024, The Federal Court of Justice partially overturned a previous ruling from the Higher Regional Court of Cologne which dismissed all plaintiff claims, which had been issued on 7 December 2023. In overturning the regional court's decision, the Federal Court cited non-material damages, future damages, and the validity of the plaintiff's injunction claim. In relation to non-material damages, the Federal Court ruled that even a short-term loss of control over personal data could...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 December 2024", "title": "Bavarian State Office for Data Protection Supervision investigation into Worldcoin over biometric data processing", "url": "https://www.lda.bayern.de/media/pm/pm2024_08_en.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the Bavarian State Office for Data Protection Supervision concluded its investigation into the processing of biometric data by Worldcoin, a provider of digital verification services and cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology. The investigation, which began in April 2023, focused on the company's compliance with data protection regulations concerning the processing of iris data for creating a unique \"World ID\". The State Office for Data Protection Supervision issued...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2024", "title": "BfDI Working Paper on Large Language Models (LLMs)", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/Berlin-Group/20241206-WP-LLMs.html?nn=339794", "description": "On 6 December 2024, Germany's Germany's Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (DfBI) adopted a working paper on Large Language Models (LLMs). The paper seeks to enhance the safety, privacy, and ethical considerations in the development and deployment of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The paper provides an analysis of the privacy and data protection challenges associated with LLMs, highlighting their growing use in diverse fie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2025", "title": "Federal Office for Information Security guidelines on generative artificial intelligence models including risk analysis for information security management", "url": "https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Alle-Meldungen-News/Meldungen/Chancen-Risiken-generative-KI_250121.html", "description": "On 21 January 2025, the Federal Office for Information Security adopted guidelines on the opportunities and risks of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models. The guidelines are intended for companies and authorities integrating generative AI into their operations. It outlines the risks associated with generative AI, including data leakage and misuse, and provides recommendations for risk analysis and countermeasures. It also includes new considerations for AI models generating images a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities guidelines on anonymisation and pseudonymisation of personal data", "url": "https://datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/pm/20250130-DSK-PM-ZwiKo.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the German Conference of Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments (DSK) announced plans to develop guidance on the effective anonymisation and pseudonymisation of personal data. The plan would aim to assist entities in research, business, and the public sector in selecting appropriate methods for data processing. The guidance will build upon existing European Data Protection Board guidelines and clarify procedures and require...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2026", "title": "Act for implementation of EU Regulation 2023/2854 on fair access to and use of data (No. 21/2998)", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-1158072", "description": "On 26 March 2026, the Act implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 (the Data Act) was adopted by the Parliament. The Act designates the Federal Network Agency as the principal enforcement authority and establishes national rules on administrative procedure and sanctions. The Act applies to manufacturers and providers of internet-connected products and related services, as well as public bodies requesting access to privately held data. It grants the Federal Network Agency powers to investigate, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2025", "title": "Independent data protection supervisory authorities of federal states statement on Draft Act for implementation of Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 on fair access to and use of data", "url": "https://www.datenschutz.sachsen.de/folgeseite-news-und-veranstaltungen-7364-7364.html", "description": "On 13 March 2025, the independent data protection supervisory authorities of the federal states issued a statement on the Draft Data Act Implementation Act. The Act applies to businesses and public authorities handling data access and sharing under the Data Act. The Act designates the Federal Network Agency as the central supervisory authority, outlining its enforcement and monitoring responsibilities. The statement criticised the proposed supervisory structure of the Act, which shifts oversi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information guidance on data deletion obligations and revised retention periods", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/digitaler-fruehjahrsputz-alte-daten-loeschen-neue-speicherfristen-beachten", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information published guidelines on data deletion obligations and revised retention periods under German law. The guidance reminds companies to review and delete outdated records, particularly those containing personal data, in line with the GDPR and the revised statutory retention periods. The retention periods vary depending on the type of document and legal basis, with standard periods of 6, 8, or 10 years and so...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 February 2024", "title": "Lawsuit relating to guest access option in electronic commerce (Case No. 327 O 250/22)", "url": "https://www.juris.de/static/infodienst/autoren/D_NJRE001569990.htm", "description": "On 22 February 2024, the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court issued a ruling upholding online retailers’ right to require customer accounts. The case concerns whether online retailers must offer guest access or can require customers to create ongoing accounts. The Conference of the Independent Data Protection Authorities of Germany's 2022 guidance stated that guest access should generally be available, but exceptions can be made if a continuous customer account is necessary for contract performan...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning Facebook App Center data processing (Federation of German Consumer Organisations v Meta Platforms Ireland) (File number: I ZR 186/17)", "url": "https://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bgh&Art=en&Datum=Aktuell&Sort=12288&nr=141117&linked=pm&Blank=1", "description": "On 27 March 2025, the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) ruled that consumer protection associations and competitors may take legal action against data protection violations under competition law. The case concerned Facebook’s “App Centre,” where users were not adequately informed about the collection and use of their personal data, including email addresses and profile information, when accessing third-party games. The BGH found that this lack of transparency breached the information requirement...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania warning to public bodies against third-country cloud computing providers", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-mv.de/presse/?id=210005&processor=processor.sa.pressemitteilung", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the State Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (LfDI MV) issued a public notice alerting authorities to the potential data protection risks associated with utilising cloud computing services from providers based in non-European Union countries. As many local municipalities phase out on-premise solutions, the LfDI MV recommends prioritising open-source products and solutions to ensure data sovereignty and mitigate legal unc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2025", "title": "Restructuring of German data protection authority in CDU, CSU, and SPD coalition agreement", "url": "https://www.spd.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Koalitionsvertrag2025_bf.pdf", "description": "On 9 April 2025, CDU, CSU, and SPD agreed on a coalition agreement for the 21st legislative period, which outlines changes to the organisation and tasks of the German data protection authority. According to the agreement, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BfDI) is to be restructured into a Federal Commissioner for Data Use, Data Protection and Freedom of Information. The agreement further provides that the Data Protection Conference (DSK) is to be anchor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning text and data mining as a potential violation of copyright (Kneschke v LAION/Case 310 O.22723)", "url": "https://justiz.hamburg.de/gerichte/oberlandesgericht/gerichtspressestelle/ki-und-urheberrecht-hanseatisches-oberlandesgericht-weist-berufung-zurueck-1126528", "description": "On 10 December 2025, the 5th Civil Senate of the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court dismissed an appeal against a Hamburg Regional Court judgment, holding that the use of a photograph in an Artificial Intelligence (AI) training dataset by an association was lawful. The case concerned the creation of a publicly available image–text dataset, used to train generative AI models, which involved temporarily downloading the photograph from a photo agency website to compare it with descriptive data. The...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning use of data from publicly available user profiles for AI training (Consumer Advice Center NRW v Meta)", "url": "https://www.olg-koeln.nrw.de/behoerde/presse/004_zt_letzte-pm_archiv_zwangs/001_letzte_pressemitteilung/index.php", "description": "On 23 May 2025, the 15th Civil Senate of the Cologne Higher Regional Court rejected an application by the Consumer Advice Center NRW against Meta Platforms Ireland Limited in an expedited proceeding. The application sought to prevent Meta from using publicly made user data for artificial intelligence (AI) training, which was scheduled to begin on 27 May 2025. Following a preliminary review, the Court determined that Meta had not violated provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (G...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 May 2025", "title": "Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information investigation into Meta over alleged training of Artificial Intelligence models with user data", "url": "https://datenschutz-hamburg.de/news/hmbbfdi-sieht-von-dringlichkeitsverfahren-gegen-meta-ab", "description": "On 27 May 2025, the Hamburg Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (HmbBfDI), in agreement with the German data protection supervisory authorities, decided against initiating provisional proceedings to prohibit Meta from training its Artificial Intelligence (AI) models using social network user data. The decision, which considered the final ruling by the Cologne Higher Regional Court issued on 23 May 2025, aims to ensure a consistent European approach among data protectio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "Data Protection Commissioner's assessment of Apple and Google's compliance with Digital Services Act concerning removal of DeepSeek AI following its classification as illegal", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/2025/20250627-Berlin-DPA-Press-Release-DeepSeek.pdf", "description": "On 27 June 2025, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, together with the Data Protection Commissioners of Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, and the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, formally notified Apple and Google in Germany that the artificial intelligence (AI) application DeepSeek constitutes illegal content. The authorities emphasised that the application unlawfully transfers large volumes of personal data from German users to servers in China witho...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "State Data Protection Commissioner of North Rhine-Westphalia guidance on processing employee health data", "url": "https://www.ldi.nrw.de/Fortsetzungserkrankung", "description": "On 17 July 2025, the State Data Protection Commissioner of North Rhine-Westphalia published the guidance on processing employee health data. The guidance clarifies that employers may only process employee health data when strictly necessary to verify continued payment of wages during extended illness, in line with the Continued Payment of Wages Act (EFZG) and data protection laws. It was highlighted that processing requires a concrete presumption of a continuing illness, with less intrusive a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 July 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to joint controllership and cookie consent obligations for social media fan pages (Federal Press and Information Office and Meta Platforms v The Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information)", "url": "https://nrwe.justiz.nrw.de/ovgs/vg_koeln/j2025/13_K_1419_23_Urteil_20250717.html", "description": "On 17 July 2025, the Administrative Court of Cologne annulled a data protection prohibition order issued by the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information against the German Federal Press Office regarding its Facebook fan page operation. The ruling affects social media operators and public sector entities, establishing that joint data protection responsibility under Article 26(1) of General Data Protection Regulation requires joint determination of both purposes and m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2025", "title": "Lawsuit against Meta to prohibit use of certain customer data for AI training purposes (Case No. 6 UKI 3/25)", "url": "https://www.gesetze-rechtsprechung.sh.juris.de/bssh/document/NJRE001616802", "description": "On 12 August 2025, the Schleswig-Holstein Higher Regional Court rejected an application filed by Stichting Onderzoek Marktinformatie (SOMI) against Meta to prohibit the use of certain customer data from Facebook and Instagram services for artificial intelligence (AI) training purposes, on the grounds of lack of urgency, in case number 6 UKI 3/25. The court found that Meta had publicly announced in 2024, and by direct email to users, including SOMI in April 2025, its intention to use certain p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Authorisation of consent management under Consent Management Ordinance", "url": "https://www.bfdi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2025/16-Cookie-Einwilligung.html", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information approved the first consent management service under Germany’s consent management ordinance, which applies to online service providers and website operators using cookies or tracking technologies. The ordinance establishes a recognition process for consent managers, enabling users to set privacy preferences once and apply them across all websites, aimed at enhancing user control. It was also highlighted...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 November 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning alleged copyright infringement of song lyrics by AI systems (GEMA v Open AI) (Case No. 42 O 14139/24)", "url": "https://www.justiz.bayern.de/gerichte-und-behoerden/landgericht/muenchen-1/presse/2025/11.php", "description": "On 11 November 2025, the 42nd Civil Chamber of the Munich Regional Court largely upheld GEMA’s claims for injunctive relief and damages against two OpenAI group companies. GEMA, a collecting society, argued that lyrics by nine German songwriters had been memorised by OpenAI’s language models and reproduced in chatbot outputs, thereby infringing copyright exploitation rights. OpenAI maintained that its models consist of learned parameters rather than stored data, that users are responsible for...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 November 2025", "title": "Report of the Hessian Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information on the Use of Microsoft 365", "url": "https://datenschutz.hessen.de/sites/datenschutz.hessen.de/files/2025-11/hbdi_bericht_m365_2025_11_15.pdf", "description": "On 15 November 2025, the Hessian Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information released the Report on the Use of Microsoft 365, which examines the use of Microsoft 365 based on seven criticism points identified in 2022 by the Conference of Independent Data Protection Authorities of the Federal and State Governments. The Report includes recommendations for public and private users of Microsoft 365 products in Hessen to help them ensure that their use of such products complies wit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Federal Cartel Office investigation into Qualcomm-Alphawave proposed merger", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2025/11_24_2025_Qualcomm.html?nn=48916", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Federal Cartel Office (FCO) approved the Qualcomm-Alphawave merger. Qualcomm (US) develops semiconductors, primarily for use in vehicles, internet of things applications, and mobile devices. Alphawave (UK) develops high-speed wireless connectivity solutions used in semiconductors known as SerDes IP, which is used for semiconductors that develop artificial intelligence systems. Qualcomm intends to become a chip provider for data centres. The FCO approved the merger, re...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 November 2025", "title": "Resolution on amendments to General Data Protection Regulation focusing on child protection", "url": "https://www.datenschutzkonferenz-online.de/media/en/Entschliessung_Datenschutz-von-Kindern.pdf", "description": "On 20 November 2025, the Conference of Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments adopted a resolution calling for amendments to the General Data Protection Regulation to strengthen protections for children. The resolution applies to controllers and processors handling children’s personal data across the digital economy. It proposes new obligations, including compatibility tests for data processing, a ban on children’s consent for profiling and ad...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 February 2026", "title": "Lawsuit concerning 2016 update to WhatsApp terms of service and privacy policy (Federation of German Consumer Organisations v WhatsApp Inc. / 52 O 22/17)", "url": "https://www.vzbv.de/sites/default/files/2026-03/LG%20Berlin_23.02.2026.pdf", "description": "On 23 February 2026, the 52nd Civil Chamber of the Berlin II Regional Court issued a judgment in Federation of German Consumer Organisations (vzbv) v WhatsApp Inc. (52 O 22/17) regarding claims for injunctive relief related to the 2016 update of the WhatsApp terms of service and privacy policy. The court ordered WhatsApp to refrain, in business transactions with consumers habitually resident in Germany, from disclosing personal data of WhatsApp users and data of third parties who do not use W...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Lawsuit against Meta Group over data protection violations (Case No. 3 U 31/25)", "url": "https://gerichte.thueringen.de/aktuelles/presseinformationen/detailseite/meta-konzern-zu-schadensersatz-verurteilt-az-3-u-31-25", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the 3rd Civil Senate of the Higher Regional Court of Jena issued a judgment ordering the Meta Group to pay damages for data protection violations. Business tools distributed by the Meta Group to website and app operators enable tracking of the internet usage of its social network members, including the collection of sensitive personal data such as health-related information, when a user researches mental health disorders, seeks therapeutic help via doctor portals, or orders m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 February 2026", "title": "Germany Approves Draft Legislation (KI-MIG) to Implement EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.computerworld.com/article/4131303/germany-greenlights-the-eu-ai-a", "description": "Germany approved draft legislation (KI-MIG - Kunstliche Intelligenz Management-Gesetz) to implement the EU AI Act, designating the Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur) as the central AI supervisor and coordinator, with oversight shared among relevant sector regulators.", "categories": [ "National Implementation", "Supervisory Authority" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Federal Council draft: Criminal-law protection of personality rights against Deepfakes (Drucksache 222/24 - proposal for new §201b StGB)", "url": "https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/20/126/2012605.pdf", "description": "AI law in Germany: A Federal Council (Bundesrat) initiative (BR-Drucksache 222/24) proposed introducing a new §201b into the German Criminal Code (StGB) to criminalise the production and distribution of AI-generated or digitally manipulated media (Deepfakes) that create the appearance of authentic images, audio or video and thereby violate personality rights. The draft sets out differentiated sanctions (general and aggravated), exceptions for legitimate uses (art, science, journalism), and measures including confiscation/seizure in serious cases. (bundestag.de)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data Strategy of the Federal Government ('Datenstrategie der Bundesregierung')", "url": "https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2021/kw06-de-datenstrategie-819594", "description": "AI law in Germany: The Federal Government’s Data Strategy (27 January 2021) sets out a whole-of-government approach to increase innovative and responsible data provision and use across public administration, industry, science and civil society. It aims to promote data infrastructures and data spaces, safeguard fundamental rights (notably GDPR compliance), counter data monopolies, and foster international alignment with EU initiatives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 April 2026", "title": "Germany establishes federal AI regulatory coordination body ahead of EU AI Act enforcement", "url": "https://www.bundesregierung.de", "description": "The German federal government established a dedicated AI regulatory coordination body to prepare for EU AI Act enforcement, consolidating oversight responsibilities across federal ministries and state governments for high-risk AI system registration and market surveillance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Standards" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 November 2025", "title": "Beschluss 4 L 3030/25", "url": "/documents/1178/4_L_3030_25_Germany_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the Köln. Misrepresented: Case Law | Antragsteller führt vermeintlich ergangene Entscheidungen des OVG NRW an, zitiert diese aber fehlerhaft; Gericht hält dies für ein Zeichen ungeprüfter KI‑Ergebnisse.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Köln", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "10 November 2025", "title": "Case 19 O 527/16", "url": "https://www.rv.hessenrecht.hessen.de/bshe/document/LARE250001670", "description": "Expert appeared before the LG Darmstadt. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions Outcome: Expert fees reduced to naught.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "LG Darmstadt", "party": "Expert", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Expert fees reduced to naught", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 September 2025", "title": "Beschluss 2-13 S 56/24", "url": "https://www.rv.hessenrecht.hessen.de/bshe/document/LARE250001360", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the LG Frankfurt a. M.. False Quotes: Case Law | verbatim quotations from the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) that did not even exist", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "LG Frankfurt a. M.", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "3 ORbs 164/25", "url": "/documents/1042/KG_Berlin_3_ORbs_164-25_NJRE001625355.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the KG Berlin. Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Factually incorrect submissions", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "KG Berlin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "8 July 2025", "title": "VGH 3 S 1012/25; VG 2 K 1899/25", "url": "/documents/1199/VGH_3_S_1012_25_Germany_2025_UWvz3ZB.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the VGH Baden-Württemberg. Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants cited a multitude of non-findable decisions and claimed higher-court jurisprudence that, as far as the court could see, does not exist; the court noted this and treated the complaint as lacking substantive engagement.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "VGH Baden-Württemberg", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2 July 2025", "title": "Cologne District Court, 312 F 130/25", "url": "/documents/746/Cologne_District_Court_312_F_130_25.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Cologne District Court (Family Court). Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Court found citation to 'Viefhues' in a Munich commentary and marginal nos. (9th ed. 2021, marginal no. 65 ff.) to be incorrect and fictitious; actual commentary and edition details differ. Outcome: Court admonished the attorney and warned that knowingly disseminating untruths may violate BRAO §43a(3).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Cologne District Court (Family Court)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court admonished the attorney and warned that knowingly disseminating untruths may violate BRAO §43a(3)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 April 2025", "title": "Beschluss 5 U 1/25", "url": "https://voris.wolterskluwer-online.de/browse/document/55ea1bb2-0c67-4731-8e65-0d75ddb8ad0c", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the OLG Celle. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited an OLG München decision (12.11.2015, 23 U 2003/15) which the court found to be a Fehlzitat and not retrievable on juris or beck-online. Outcome: Court treated the cited authorities as Fehlzitate (not verifiable) and did not rely on them.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "OLG Celle", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court treated the cited authorities as Fehlzitate (not verifiable) and did not rely on them", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Beschluss 4 L 3030/25", "url": "/documents/1178/4_L_3030_25_Germany_14_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Antragsteller führt vermeintlich ergangene Entscheidungen des OVG NRW an, zitiert diese aber fehlerhaft; Gericht hält dies für ein Zeichen ungeprüfter KI‑Ergebnisse.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Köln", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "3 ORbs 164/25", "url": "/documents/1042/KG_Berlin_3_ORbs_164-25_NJRE001625355.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Factually incorrect submissions", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "KG Berlin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "title": "VGH 3 S 1012/25; VG 2 K 1899/25", "url": "/documents/1199/VGH_3_S_1012_25_Germany_2025_UWvz3ZB.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants cited a multitude of non-findable decisions and claimed higher-court jurisprudence that, as far as the court could see, does not exist; the court noted this and treated the complaint as lacking substantive engagement.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "VGH Baden-Württemberg", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "Cologne District Court, 312 F 130/25", "url": "/documents/746/Cologne_District_Court_312_F_130_25.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Court found citation to 'Viefhues' in a Munich commentary and marginal nos. (9th ed. 2021, marginal no. 65 ff.) to be incorrect and fictitious; actual commentary and edition details differ. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Court could not locate the cited book 'Brons, Kindeswohl und Elternverantwortung, 2013, pp. 175 ff.' and determined the reference to be fictitious. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Reference to 'Völkl, FamRB 2015, p. 74' was found to be incorrect/misleading; the actual FamRB 2015 pages cited contain a different essay (pp. 70-77) and the asserted citation is fictitious. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Citation 'Meyer-Götz, in: Hauß/Gernhuber, Familienrecht, 6th ed. 2022, § 1671, marginal no. 33' was not found; court concluded the reference does not exist and appears conflated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to an 'OLG Frankfurt' decision reported at 'FamRZ 2021, p. 70' was incorrect; the court determined the cited decision/reference was fictitious or mislocated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Cologne District Court (Family Court)", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court admonished the attorney and warned that knowingly disseminating untruths may violate BRAO §43a(3)", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Federal Cartel Office approved acquisition of Informatica by Salesforce", "url": "https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2025/08_04_25_Informatica_Salesforce.html", "description": "On 4 August 2025, the German Federal Cartel Office (FCO) approved the acquisition of sole control of Informatica by Salesforce, both headquartered in the United States, following a merger control assessment of vertical integration in digital markets. Salesforce is the world’s largest provider of customer relationship management (CRM) software, while Informatica is a leading provider of data integration tools, integration platform as a service (iPaaS), data quality solutions, and data and analyti", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 June 2025", "title": "Berlin Data Protection Authority source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.datenschutz-berlin.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/publikationen/DSK/orientierungshilfen/2025-DSK-OH_KI-Systeme.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 16 June 2025 for DE concerning Conference of the Independent Data Protection Supervisory Authorities of the Federal and State Governments adopted guidance on recommended technical and organisational measures for the development and operation of artificial intelligence systems. See the linked datenschutz-berlin.de source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 May 2025", "title": "Cologne Higher Regional Court issued a decision finding Meta’s use of public user data for AI training compliant with GDPR and DMA", "url": "https://www.olg-koeln.nrw.de/behoerde/presse/004_zt_letzte-pm_archiv_zwangs/001_letzte_pressemitteilung/index.php", "description": "On 23 May 2025, the 15th Civil Senate of the Cologne Higher Regional Court rejected an application by the Consumer Advice Center NRW against Meta Platforms Ireland Limited in an expedited proceeding. The application sought to prevent Meta from using publicly made user data for artificial intelligence (AI) training, which was scheduled to begin on 27 May 2025. Following a preliminary review, the Court determined that Meta had not violated provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 February 2025", "title": "State Commissioner for Data Protection in Lower Saxony (LfD Lower Saxony) adopted guidelines on use of Deepseek", "url": "https://www.lfd.niedersachsen.de/deepseek/empfehlung-des-lfd-niedersachsen-zum-einsatz-von-deepseek-239764.html", "description": "On 21 February 2025, the State Commissioner for Data Protection in Lower Saxony (LfD Lower Saxony) issued a recommendation highlighting the risks of using the AI tool DeepSeek R1 (DeepSeek), a generative AI chatbot developed by the Chinese company DeepSeek. While freely available online and through app stores in the EU, DeepSeek may not comply with the European AI Regulation or the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The tool's privacy policy indicates unrestricted collection and processi", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Beschluss 4 L 3030/25", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1178/4_L_3030_25_Germany_14_November_2025.pdf", "date": "14 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "3 ORbs 164/25", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1042/KG_Berlin_3_ORbs_164-25_NJRE001625355.pdf", "date": "25 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "VGH 3 S 1012/25; VG 2 K 1899/25", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1199/VGH_3_S_1012_25_Germany_2025_UWvz3ZB.pdf", "date": "8 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Cologne District Court, 312 F 130/25", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/746/Cologne_District_Court_312_F_130_25.pdf", "date": "2 July 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 205, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "276" }, { "id": "QA", "title": "Qatar", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-04-09", "title": "Authorisation requirement in Artificial Intelligence Guideline on Regulating the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.qcb.gov.qa/Services/Financial%20Technology/QCB_Artificial_Intelligence_Guideline.pdf", "description": "On 4 September 2024, the Qatar Central Bank (QCB) issued the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Guideline on Regulating the use of Artificial Intelligence by QCB Licensed Entities. In particular, the guideline regulates the use of AI by entities licensed under its jurisdiction and aims to ensure that AI is used safely, securely, and efficiently within the financial sector. It applies to all QCB-regulated entities that develop, purchase, or outsource AI systems, with the overarching goal of aligning...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-12", "title": "UK-Qatar artificial intelligence research commission", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-qatar-launch-project-to-boost-artificial-intelligence-collaboration", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the United Kingdom and Qatar announced the launch of a joint artificial intelligence (AI) research commission. The commission will establish a roadmap for collaboration on AI between the two countries. The commission builds on the progress both nations have made in AI, exploring areas such as ecosystem development, policy and regulation, security, and international engagement.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "GCC AI Regulation - Kuwait, Qatar, Oman", "url": "https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2024/12/falqs-ai-regulations-in-the-gulf-cooperatio", "description": "GCC AI regulation in 2026 covers Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman. Kuwait is ramping up AI deployment but faces challenges including a strained power grid and limited data-center capacity (five centers currently, with expansion plans). Qatar continues developing AI governance through the Qatar Financial Centre. Oman is building AI strategy under its digital Oman strategy.", "categories": [ "GCC", "National Strategy", "Challenges" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Guidelines for Secure Adoption and Use of Artificial Intelligence (National Cyber Security Agency)", "url": "https://ncsa.gov.qa/sites/default/files/2024-02/AI-Guide-en-V6.pdf", "description": "AI law in Qatar: The National Cyber Security Agency (NCSA) of Qatar published the bilingual "Guidelines for Secure Adoption and Usage of Artificial Intelligence" (Version 1.0) in February 2024 to help public and private organisations adopt AI securely. The voluntary guidance focuses on people, processes and technology across the AI lifecycle and offers risk-management, security controls, governance and testing recommendations. (ncsa.gov.qa)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Central Bank AI Guidelines", "url": "https://www.qcb.gov.qa/en/Pages/FinancialTechnology.aspx", "description": "AI law in Qatar: The Qatar Central Bank (QCB) issued AI Guidelines in September 2024, regulating AI use in the financial sector to balance innovation with ethical deployment and risk management....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Qatar Digital Agenda 2030", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.qa/en/digital-agenda-2030/", "description": "AI law in Qatar: The Qatar Digital Agenda 2030 (DA2030) is a government-led national strategy published by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) to drive Qatar’s digital transformation through six strategic pillars: Digital Infrastructure, Digital Government, Digital Technologies, Digital Innovation, Digital Economy and Digital Society. Launched in February 2024, it contains 23 strategic programmes and targets job creation, expanded ICT contribution to GDP, digital inclusion, and widespread digitisation of government services in alignment with Qatar National Vision 2030 and the Third National Development Strategy (NDS3)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Qatar National Artificial Intelligence Strategy", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.qa/en/policies-and-reports/", "description": "AI law in Qatar: Qatar’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (2019) sets out a national vision to harness AI across government, industry and research through six pillars: education/talent, data access, employment transformation, new business/economic opportunities, research, and ethics. Published by the Ministry of Transport and Communications (now MCIT), it provides recommendations and an implementation orientation to align AI adoption with Qatar National Vision 2030....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cabinet Decision No. (10) of 2021 establishing the Artificial Intelligence Committee", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.qa/en/about-us/artificial-intelligence-committee/", "description": "AI law in Qatar: Cabinet Decision No. (10) of 2021 formally establishes a National Artificial Intelligence Committee within the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT). The Committee’s remit is to implement and monitor Qatar’s National AI Strategy, coordinate AI-related initiatives across government entities, propose workforce and start-up support measures, and represent Qatar in international AI fora....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Law No. 13 of 2016 Concerning Personal Data Privacy Protection (Personal Data Protection Law)", "url": "https://mot.gov.qa/en/news/motc-releases-guidelines-personal-data-privacy-protection-law", "description": "AI law in Qatar: Law No. 13 of 2016 establishes a statutory regime for the protection of personal data in the State of Qatar, applying to data processed electronically or prepared for electronic processing. It sets out controller and processor obligations, individual rights (access, correction, notification), special protections for sensitive data (children, health, religion, criminal records), breach notification duties, restrictions on direct electronic marketing and cross-border transfers, and administrative and criminal penalties for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Qatar Central Bank Artificial Intelligence Guideline for QCB‑licensed Entities", "url": "https://www.qcb.gov.qa/Documents/BankInstructions2024/AR/annex160.pdf", "description": "AI law in Qatar: The Qatar Central Bank (QCB) issued the 'Artificial Intelligence Guideline' on 4 September 2024 to regulate AI use by QCB‑licensed entities. The Guideline requires entities to implement governance, risk management, human oversight, registers, approval for high‑risk systems, data governance, security controls, customer transparency and recourse mechanisms, and to disclose AI activity to QCB....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Principles and Guidelines for Ethical Development and Deployment of Artificial Intelligence (MCIT)", "url": "https://www.mcit.gov.qa/en/policies-and-reports/guidelines/", "description": "AI law in Qatar: A voluntary, non-binding set of principles and practical guidelines published by Qatar’s Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT) to guide the ethical development and deployment of AI. The document emphasizes a human-centred approach, risk assessment, transparency, privacy, robustness, fairness, environmental considerations and accountability across the AI lifecycle....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 November 2025", "title": "Jonathan David Sheppard v Jillion LLC", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1026/Jonathan_David_Sheppard_v_Jillion_LLC_QFCIC_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Qatar FC Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Cited as authority for extension of time: court found 'Al Khor International School v. Gulf Contracting Co. (QFC 2022)' was not a decision of this Court; lawyer admitted citation came from Google/secondary sources. Outcome: Contempt finding; apology and publication of judgment.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Qatar FC Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Contempt finding; apology and publication of judgment", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "634" }, { "id": "SG", "title": "Singapore", "entries": [ { "title": "Singapore Launches New Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI - Infocomm Media Development Authority", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2026/new-model-ai-governance-framework-for-agentic-ai", "description": "Singapore Launches New Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI · 22 JAN 2026 | 5 mins read · Framework is first in the world to include a comprehensive guide for enterprises to deploy Agentic AI responsibly · DAVOS – 22 JAN 2026 · ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "SG Press Centre", "url": "https://sgpc.gov.sg/detail?HomePage=home&=&=&page=%2Fdetail&url=%2Fmedia_releases%2Fimda%2Fpress_release%2FP-20260122-2", "description": "DAVOS , 22 January 2026 – Minister for Digital Development and Information, Mrs Josephine Teo, announced the launch of the new Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI[1], at the World Economic Forum (WEF) today.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Singapore - Infocomm Media Development Authority", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/about-imda/emerging-technologies-and-research/artificial-intelligence", "description": "Building on previous model governance frameworks, IMDA published the Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI (1.03MB) in 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-02", "title": "Spam Control Act", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/40-2020/Published/20201210170000?DocDate=20201210170000", "description": "On 1 February 2021, the amendments (No. 40 of 2020) to the Spam Control Act 2007 were implemented. The amendments introduce provisions concerning spam in instant messaging services. In particular, the amendment regulates the cases in which individual employees use personal social media or instant messaging services to connect with customers in a business context. Moreover, the organisations offering instant messaging services must settle adequate policies and procedures in relation to marketi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-13", "title": "Cross-border data transfer measures in UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-singapore-digital-economy-agreement-explainer#full-publication-update-history", "description": "On 13 June 2022, the Digital Economy Agreement (DEA) signed by the United Kingdom and Singapore on 25 February 2022, enters into force. The Agreement updates the trade rules on goods and services between the nations. The key elements of the Singapore DEA are the removal of barriers to enable cross-border data flows, commitments for personal data protection and data security, and the creation of a new partnership to develop stronger cybersecurity defences against attacks from private entities ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-21", "title": "Vietnam-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement", "url": "https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-singapore-to-work-towards-bilateral-agrement-on-digital-economy/203404.vnp", "description": "Vietnamplus, Vietnam's official state-run news agency, published an article announcing the start of negotiations on a bilateral agreement on the digital economy, which will include regulation of customs duties for electronic transmissions. The Vietnamese and Singaporean Foreign Ministers announced the creation of a joint technical working group on June 21, 2021.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-09-14", "title": "Data governance information in Personal Data Protection Commission reports", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/Help-and-Resources/2021/08/Data-Protection-Practices-for-ICT-Systems", "description": "On 14 September 2021, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) published a handbook on common types of data breaches, a corresponding checklist, and infographic. The published documents contain recommendations about the development of ICT systems and common types of data breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-10", "title": "Data protection measures in Singapore Personal Data Protection Act Amendment 2020", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2022/3/building-a-vibrant-and-secure-digital-future-together", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the increase of the maximum financial penalty imposable for data breaches is fully implemented. In particular, the maximum is increased to the higher amount between USD 1 million or 10% of the organisation’s annual turnover in Singapore.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-31", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commissioner Guide to Basic Anonymisation", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Advisory-Guidelines/Guide-to-Basic-Anonymisation-31-March-2022.ashx", "description": "On 31 March 2022, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commissioner (PDPC) has published its Guide to Basic Anonymisation, containing practical guidance for businesses wishing to perform anonymisation of data sets. Anonymisation, which allows converting personal data into data that cannot be used for identifying individuals, is explained in terms of the process, applicable tools and data sharing agreements. The anonymisation process is described in five steps, knowing the data, de-identifyi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Implementation of minimum tax rate under OECD Inclusive Framework for the Taxation of the Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.mof.gov.sg/singaporebudget/budget-2023/budget-statement", "description": "On 1 January 2025, Singapore implemented Pillar 2 of the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) rules under Pillar 2 of the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative, which introduces a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% for large multi-national enterprises, i.e., for those with an annual turnover exceeding EUR 750 million. This was first announced by Singapore’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance during his delivery of the FY2023 Budget Statement in Parliament on ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Online Criminal Harms Act of 2023", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/OCHA2023", "description": "On 1 February 2024, Parts 1, 2, 3, and 6 to 10, sections 50 and 52 to 60, and the First Schedule of the Online Criminal Harms Act entered into force. The Act allows the Government to issue five types of directions to any online service through which criminal activities could be conducted. These include the “stop communication direction” requiring the removal, cessation of posting or transmitting, and disabling of access to online criminal content. The “disabling direction” requires online ser...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/06/Joint-Statement-The-US-Department-of-Commerce-and-Singapore-Ministry-of-Trade-and-Industry", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the United States Department of Commerce and the Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry convened for the second annual US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation (PGI) dialogue focused on the digital economy and smart cities. The parties announced their commitment to adopting policies to enable cross-border data transfers and expand the Global Cross Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum. The CBPR Forum aims to ensure trusted data flows and promote data protection and pri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-06", "title": "Cooperation on artificial intelligence in US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/06/Joint-Statement-The-US-Department-of-Commerce-and-Singapore-Ministry-of-Trade-and-Industry", "description": "On 8 June 2023, the United States Department of Commerce and the Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry convened for the second annual US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation (PGI) dialogue focused on the digital economy and smart cities. The parties issued a statement announcing their commitment to increase cooperation in establishing policies to ensure trustworthy and responsible artificial intelligence (AI) development. Furthermore, the parties stated that the US National Inst...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-13", "title": "UK-Singapore Cyber Dialogue", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-uk-singapore-cyber-dialogue", "description": "On 13 June 2023, the UK-Singapore Cyber Dialogue took place, with the aim of to discussing cyber-related objectives for both nations. Led by Singapore's Cyber Security Agency and the UK's Foreign Office, the Dialogue addressed cybersecurity issues such as threat management, deterrence strategies, and the role of public-private partnerships. Further, the dialogue focused also on the security of Internet of Things (IoT), app security, and the development of cyber skills. Both parties agreed on ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-26", "title": "Monetary Authority Toolkit for Responsible Use of AI in the Financial Sector", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2023/toolkit-for-responsible-use-of-ai-in-the-financial-sector", "description": "On 26 June 2023, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) published an open-source Toolkit for the Responsible Use of AI in the Financial Sector, introducing the principles of fairness, ethics, accountability, and transparency for the responsible use of AI and data analytics. Further, a white paper was published outlining the findings from a pilot with seven financial institutions, which highlights the importance of a consistent and robust responsible AI framework that spans geographies, a r...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-27", "title": "UK-Singapore MoU on Emerging Technologies", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-singapore-data-and-tech-agreements-to-boost-trade-and-security", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the governments of the United Kingdom and Singapore signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Emerging Technologies seeking to promote more business partnerships on Artificial Intelligence (AI), identify trustworthy use of AI which can be replicated, and align technical standards for the use of AI. Both countries will also share their experiences of building new telecommunications infrastructure such as 5G networks. The MoU builds on the UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-28", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission Advisory Guidelines on the PDPA for Children's Personal Data", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/guidelines-and-consultation/2024/03/advisory-guidelines-on-the-pdpa-for-childrens-personal-data-in-the-digital-environment", "description": "On 28 March 2024, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) adopted the Advisory Guidelines on the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) for Children's Personal Data in the Digital Environment. These guidelines provide comprehensive measures to ensure the protection of children's personal data in the digital space. The scope of the guidelines covers any online product or service likely to be accessed by children, including social media platforms, educational technology (EdTech), online gam...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-08-16", "title": "PDPC investigation into Ecommerce Enablers for possible breach of personal data protection obligations", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/all-commissions-decisions/2023/08/breach-of-the-protection-obligation-by-ecommerce-enablers", "description": "On 16 August 2023, Singapore's data protection authority, PDPC, issued a ruling following its investigation into Ecommerce Enablers (Case No. DP-2009-B7056) for potential violations of Section 24 of the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (No. 26/2012). The investigation was opened following a security incident, resulting in a fine of SGD 74'400. PDPC determined that Ecommerce Enablers had breached its obligations to safeguard personal data within its possession or control. This breach occurred...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-10", "title": "Establishment of AI Governance Group in US-Singapore Critical and Emerging Technology (CET) Dialogue", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/10/12/u-s-singapore-critical-and-emerging-technology-dialogue-joint-vision-statement/", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the United States and Singapore established the Critical and Emerging Technology (CET) Dialogue, which complements the existing Partnership for Growth and Innovation and Cyber Dialogue. The parties aim to enhance bilateral research collaboration focusing on safety and security. Furthermore, the parties stated that the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Singapore's Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) will build a bilateral AI Governance Gro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Cybersecurity (Amendment) Act", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Subsidiary%20Legislation%20Supplement/677.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, sections 2 to 15, 18, 19, 22, 23(b), 24, 25, 28(a) to (g), 29, 31 and 32(1) to (4), (6) and (7) of the Cybersecurity (Amendment) Act 2024 entered into operation pursuant to the Cybersecurity (Amendment) Act 2024 (Commencement) Notification 2025. These amendments expand the scope of the Cybersecurity Act 2018 by extending jurisdiction to computers and computer systems located wholly outside Singapore where necessary for the continuous delivery of essential services, and upd...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-28", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission investigation into Carousell's compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act following allaged data breach", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/all-commissions-decisions/2024/02/breach-of-the-protection-obligation-by-carousell", "description": "On 28 December 2023, Singapore's Data Protection Authority (PDPC) imposed a financial penalty of SGD 58'000 on Carousell, an e-commerce platform, for failing to implement reasonable security measures to protect its users' personal data. The PDPC also directed Carousell to review its software testing procedures and processes for documenting software specifications and rectify any identified risks within 90 days. This ruling followed two data breach incidents in 2022, where Carousell was found ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-22", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission Investigation into Payroll2U for failing to protect clients' personal data", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/commissions-decisions/gd_payroll2u-pte-ltd_070324.pdf", "description": "On 22 April 2024, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission ruled in an investigation against the payroll service provider Payroll2U. Personal information of the company's clients, such as bank account numbers, salary information, addresses, and days of birth were leaked to a ransomware site. It was found that the company failed to implement reasonable access control, and stored information on unsecured internal shared drives. The Commission stated that access should be restricted, an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-24", "title": "PDPC investigation into PPLingo Pte Ltd for alleged breach of data protection measures", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/commissions-decisions/gd_pplingo-pte-ltd-(revised)_241023.pdf", "description": "On 24 October 2023, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued a ruling in their investigation into PPLingo Pte Ltd for an alleged breach of data protection measures. The investigation began after the PDPC received notification of a data breach involving unauthorised access to personal data on PPLingo’s online education platform. The PDPC initiated the investigation to determine PPLingo’s compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) in relation to the incident. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-21", "title": "Second Edition Model AI Governance Framework", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/resource-for-organisation/ai/sgmodelaigovframework2.pdf", "description": "On 21 January 2020, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) of Singapore, together with the Personal Data Privacy Commission (PDPC) and in collaboration with the World Economic Forum (WEF), adopted the Second Edition Model AI Governance Framework. The Governance Framework updates the First Edition Model AI Governance Framework, adopted in 2019, and covers internal governance structures and measures, determination of AI decision-making models, operations management, and customer relati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-03-12", "title": "Intellectual property and artificial intelligence information note", "url": "https://www.ipos.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/ip-and-ai-info-note.pdf?sfvrsn=3ad77f59_10", "description": "On 3 December 2020, the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) adopted a note on intellectual property and artificial intelligence (AI) based on Singapore's National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS), launched in November 2019. The NAIS recognised the role of intellectual property rights in an effective AI regime because it allows innovators and creators to protect their competitive advantage and allows for returns on their investments. The information note explains the severa...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-14", "title": "Implementation and Self-Assessment Guide to the Model AI Governance Framework", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/resource-for-organisation/ai/sgisago.pdf", "description": "On 14 January 2020, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (Infocomm), together with the Personal Data Protection Commission of Singapore (PDPC), and in collaboration with the World Economic Forum (WEF), adopted an implementation and self-assessment guide for organisations as a companion to the Model AI Governance Framework, which was adopted in 2019 and updated in 2020. The guide is intended to help organisations assess the alignment of their AI governance processes with the Model Framewor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "SPF Code of Practice for Online Communication Services", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/provisions-in-the-online-criminal-harms-act-on-codes-of-practice-and-implementation-directives-to-come-into-force-on-24-june-2024", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the Singapore Police Force (SPF)’s Code of Practice for Online Communication Services under the Online Criminal Harms Act 2023 enters into force. The code requires all designated online communication service providers to implement measures to counter and prevent the use of their platforms for scams and malicious cyber activities. In particular, the designated providers must take proactive steps to detect and disrupt malicious accounts and activities, allowing end-users to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-01-02", "title": "Data measures in Personal Data Protection Regulations 2021", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/PDPA2012-S63-2021?DocDate=20210930&WholeDoc=1&Timeline=Off", "description": "On 1 February 2021, the Personal Data Protection Regulations 2021 came into effect. The regulations introduce several data protection measures, including the requirement for organisations to respond to individuals' requests for access to and correction of their personal data within 30 days. Organisations are allowed to charge a reasonable fee to cover the cost of processing these requests. Furthermore, organisations intending to collect, use, or disclose personal data have to assess and ensu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-05-16", "title": "PDPC advisory guidelines on key concepts in the Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/advisory-guidelines/ag-on-key-concepts/advisory-guidelines-on-key-concepts-in-the-pdpa-17-may-2022.pdf", "description": "On 16 May 2022, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued revised advisory guidelines on key concepts in the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). These guidelines provide a detailed definition of \"personal data\" and clarify the scope of organisations required to comply with the PDPA. The guidelines also elaborate on the consent obligation, specifying when consent is validly given, the effects of withdrawing consent, and the exceptions to the consent requirement. Furthermore, the a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-15", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission's Guide on Synthetic Data Generation", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/news-and-events/announcements/2024/07/proposed-guide-to-synthetic-data-generation-now-available", "description": "On 15 July 2024, the Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore (PDPC) announced the launch of a Proposed Guide on Synthetic Data Generation aimed at assisting organisations in understanding synthetic data (SD) generation techniques and their potential use cases, especially in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) development. The guide is part of the Privacy Enhancing Technology Sandbox initiative, which includes a checklist of good practices for generating SD to mitigate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-31", "title": "US-Singapore Digital Economic Cooperation Roadmap", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2024/07/20240731-Blinken-visit", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the US-Singapore Digital Economic Cooperation Roadmap for advancing digital economic cooperation was adopted. The Roadmap aims to enhance cooperation in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and cybersecurity and outlines several areas of cooperation, including the development of governance frameworks for AI, collaboration on post-quantum cryptography, and support for the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum. The Roadmap also includes initiatives to enha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-10", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs investigation regarding published falsehoods by Ms Kokila Annamalai on Meta Platforms and X Corp.", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/minister-for-home-affairs-instructs-pofma-office-to-issue-targeted-correction-direction-to-meta-platforms-inc-and-x-corp", "description": "On 11 October 2024, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) directed the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) Office to issue a targeted correction direction to the Meta Platforms and X Corp., following Ms Kokila Annamalai’s non-compliance with the Correction Direction that was issued to her on 5 October 2024. The correction order requires the platforms to inform users who viewed Ms Annamalai's posts that these posts contain false claims about the government's handling of...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "CSA companion guide on securing AI systems", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/Tips-Resource/publications/2024/guidelines-on-securing-ai", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Cyber Security Agency adopted a companion guide on securing Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The guide aims to provide system owners of AI systems with practical measures and controls to secure their adoption of AI technologies. The guide serves as a resource to support compliance with the guidelines on securing AI systems and focuses primarily on addressing cybersecurity risks to AI systems. The guide includes provisions on risk assessment, identifying relevant m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-12", "title": "IMDA Generative AI Sandbox for SMEs v2.0", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/gen-ai-sandbox-2-0", "description": "On 2 December 2024, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) launches the second iteration of the Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sandbox for small and medium-sized enterprises (GenAI Sandbox 2.0). The sandbox aims to enhance the AI capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The sandbox will provide curated GenAI solutions across three categories, generative web design for marketing and sales, virtual assistants for customer engagement, and GenAI for talent acqu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-20", "title": "Singapore-EU declaration to strengthen collaboration on AI safety", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/singapore-and-the-european-union-agree-to-strengthen-collaboration-on-ai-safety/", "description": "On 20 November 2024, Singapore and the European Union formalised their collaboration on Artificial Intelligence (AI) through a new administrative arrangement. This agreement establishes a framework for cooperation between Singapore's Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), the Digital Trust Centre (DTC) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), DG Connect, and the EU AI Office. Under the framework, the parties agree to share expertise and best practices in AI safety and conduct joint ev...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "Infocomm Media Development Authority Code of Practice for Online Safety for App Distribution Services including age assurance measures", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/how-we-can-help/age-assurance", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the obligations under the code of practice for online safety for application (app) distribution services, including age assurance measures, enter into force. The code requires service providers to implement content guidelines and moderation measures covering six categories of harmful content, including sexual content, violent content, and cyberbullying, with pre-release app reviews and enforcement powers against non-compliant app providers. Providers must proactively detect a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Global AI Assurance Pilot Initiative", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/media-centre/press-releases/singapore-announces-new-ai-safety-initiatives/", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information announced the launch of the Global AI Assurance Pilot at the AI Action Summit in Paris, France. Led by the AI Verify Foundation and the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), this initiative aims to establish global best practices for technical testing of GenAI applications. It brings together AI assurance vendors and companies deploying real-world GenAI systems to develop technical testing standards and strengthen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "Infocomm Media Development Authority advisory guidelines for enhancing resilience of cloud services", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2025/advisory-guidelines-of-cloud-services-and-data-centres", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) adopted advisory guidelines for cloud services and data centres in Singapore. These guidelines serve as a framework to enhance the resilience and security standards among cloud service providers and data centre operators by recommending best practices such as risk assessments, cybersecurity measures, and business continuity planning. For Cloud Services, the guidelines cover security testing, user access controls, data govern...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Minister for Digital Development and Information's order designating The Online Citizen's website and social media pages as declared online locations under Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act", "url": "https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/files/media-releases/pofma_pr_mddi_11Jun2025.pdf", "description": "On 21 July 2027, Singapore’s Ministry of Digital Development and Information terminates an order under the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 (POFMA), which had designated The Online Citizen’s (TOC) website and its Facebook, Instagram, and X pages as “Declared Online Locations”. The order was imposed due to TOC’s repeated dissemination of falsehoods over a two-year period on topics including the death penalty and financial and social assistance for Singaporeans. It pr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Infocomm Media Development Authority's Privacy Enhancing Technologies Adoption Guide", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/how-we-can-help/data-innovation/privacy-enhancing-technology-sandboxes", "description": "On 7 July 2025, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) adopted the Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) Adoption Guide. The guide is intended as a resource to support the secure and effective deployment of PETs. Developed using insights from real-world deployments within the IMDA PET Sandbox, the guide provides a Use Case Evaluation Tool for selecting appropriate PETs based on industry and specific use case, and an implementation checklist outlining legal, technical, and operational...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "title": "Data Protection Trustmark (SS 714:2025)", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/how-we-can-help/data-protection-trustmark-certification", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) announced the adoption of the Data Protection Trustmark (DPTM) as a national certification standard, designated SS 714:2025. The standard is voluntary and enables organisations to demonstrate accountable data protection practices and build trust with consumers and stakeholders by strengthening alignment with global data protection benchmarks. The revised standard introduces updated language to clarify certification requirements a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission investigation into Ezynetic over alleged failure to protect personal data (Case No. DP-2406-C2585 )", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/all-commissions-decisions/2025/06/breach-of-the-protection-obligation-by-ezynetic", "description": "On 3 July 2025, Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued a preliminary decision against Ezynetic,, a Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) provider for licensed moneylenders, following a ransomware attack in June 2024 that led to the exfiltration of personal data of 190,589 individuals. The PDPC found that Ezynetic had breached section 24 of the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) by failing to implement reasonable security measures, including inadequate access controls and t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "title": "United Kingdom and Singapore declaration on strengthened collaboration in digital finance", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2025/uk-and-singapore-mark-the-10th-uk-singapore-financial-dialogue", "description": "On 3 July 2025, the United Kingdom and Singapore, following the Financial Dialogue, issued a declaration on strengthened collaboration in digital finance. Discussions focused on digital finance, AI, sustainable finance, capital markets, and global regulatory priorities. Both parties shared updates on tokenisation and deepened collaboration through Project Guardian, aiming to promote the adoption of tokenised assets with support from industry associations. They also agreed to launch joint work...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Ministry of Law Guide for Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Legal Sector", "url": "https://www.mlaw.gov.sg/public-consultation-on-guide-for-using-generative-artificial-intelligence-in-the-legal-sector/", "description": "On 30 September 2025, the Singapore Ministry of Law closes the consultation on the Guide for Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Sector. The Guide sets out principles and provides practical guidance to support the responsible, ethical, and effective use of GenAI tools in Singapore’s legal sector. To protect the security of data entered into the AI system, the Guide recommends that when processing sensitive contract information using generative AI tools, legal offices conside...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Addendum to guidelines and companion guide on securing Artificial Intelligence systems", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/resources/publications/addendum-on-securing-ai-systems/", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) closes the public consultation on an addendum to its guidelines and companion guide on securing Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The addendum focuses on securing agentic AI systems that can plan, act, and make decisions independently. It provides voluntary, risk-based measures for system owners, AI practitioners, and cybersecurity professionals. The guidance covers controls including supply chain security, model and system...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Cybersecurity (Systems of Temporary Cybersecurity Concern) Regulations", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Subsidiary%20Legislation%20Supplement/680.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Cybersecurity (Systems of Temporary Cybersecurity Concern) Regulations 2025 entered into force. The Regulations establish requirements for issuing notices to obtain information under section 17A(2)to determine whether a computer or computer system meets the criteria of a system of temporary cybersecurity concern. The Regulations set obligations for owners of such systems to provide detailed information under section 17D(1), including information on system design, confi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Cybersecurity (Appeals) Regulations", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Subsidiary%20Legislation%20Supplement/679.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Government implemented the Cybersecurity (Appeals) Regulations 2025, which sets out the appeals procedure under Section 35B(2) of the Cybersecurity Act 2018, whereby licensees providing licensable cybersecurity services can appeal decisions to make their licenses subject to certain conditions. The Regulations provide for the form of the notice of appeal, the possibility of summary dismissal where no valid ground exists or time limits are missed, and the process for rej...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "User identification requirement in Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (Bill No. 18/2025)", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Bills%20Supplement/18.pdf", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (Bill No. 18/2025) was introduced to Parliament. The Bill would authorise the Commissioner of Online Safety to require online service providers to collect and disclose identity information and contact details of users suspected of online harmful activity. These obligations would apply to providers not established in Singapore where their services are accessible to users located in Singapore. Criminal penalties could apply ...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-11", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Health Information Bill (Bill No. 20/2025)", "url": "https://www.parliament.gov.sg/docs/default-source/bills-introduced/health-information-bill-20-2025980b6831-a710-4386-bb27-f7b7f53d1f95.pdf?sfvrsn=95b05d08_1", "description": "On 5 November 2025, the Government of Singapore introduced the Health Information Bill (Bill No. 20/2025) in Parliament, establishing the Health Information Act 2025 to regulate cybersecurity measures in systems processing health information. The Bill sets up a framework setting out the conditions under which healthcare providers would have to contribute health data to a national electronic records system. It would mandate data and cybersecurity requirements ensuring the confidentiality, inte...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Guidelines on Artificial Intelligence Risk Management", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2026/mas-partners-industry-to-develop-ai-risk-management-toolkit-for-the-financial-sector", "description": "On 20 March 2026, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) published an Artificial Intelligence (AI) risk management toolkit for the financial services sector, developed collaboratively by a consortium of 24 banks, insurance companies, capital market firms, and other industry partners. The toolkit applies to financial institutions across the sector and covers traditional AI, generative AI, and emerging agentic AI technologies. It comprises two main resources, including an AI risk management ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI (Version 1.0)", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/about/emerging-tech-and-research/artificial-intelligence/mgf-for-agentic-ai.pdf", "description": "On 22 January 2026, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information (MDDI) released the Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI (Version 1.0). The Model AI Governance Framework for Agentic AI was developed by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA). The framework applies to organisations that develop or deploy agentic AI systems capable of multi-step planning, autonomous action-taking, adaptation to new information, and interaction with other agents and external systems. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Guidelines (AIHGle 2.0)", "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/3/7c8046e3-0bbf-4f68-bd94-d9e0b67e1efa/AIHGle%202.0.pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) launched the revised Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Guidelines (AIHGle 2.0). The guidelines aim to support patient safety and promote trust in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector. AIHGle 2.0 focuses on complex AI systems, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, as well as generative AI (GenAI) applications, which may present risks due to their compl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Guidance on compliance with Personal Data Protection Ac for AI smart glasses", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/mddi-s-response-to-pq-on-regulation-of-sale-and-use-of-smart-glasses-with-ai-capabilities/", "description": "On 8 April 2026, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information confirmed that smart glasses with artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities are regulated under existing data protection laws. It was stated that the organisations providing such products must comply with the Personal Data Protection Act when collecting, using, or disclosing personal data. They must be transparent about data collection and purposes and obtain consent where required. They must also maintain clear and accessib...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Singapore Champions New Global AI Testing Standardisation Efforts on Benchmarking and Red Teaming - Infocomm Media Development Authority", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2026/singapore-champions-new-global-ai-testing-standardisation-efforts", "description": "Singapore has put forward a new international standard, ISO/IEC 42119-8, to standardise the testing methodology for Generative AI systems, aimed at strengthening the foundation for trustworthy AI testing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-24", "title": "2023 LinkedIn data on OECD.AI:  Definitions for AI occupations are more specific, women in more AI jobs as career transitions to AI grow", "url": "", "description": "As AI evolves, so must AI occupations and associated skills.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-16", "title": "Singapore’s A.I.Verify builds trust through transparency", "url": "", "description": "A governance testing framework and toolkit to help AI industry actors to show they deploy trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-05", "title": "Singapore: The future of work in the age of AI", "url": "", "description": "Singapore has a multi-stakeholder approach to enabling its citizens and businesses for AI. It even has an AI escape-room game.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-06-24", "title": "Singapore’s model framework balances innovation and trust in AI", "url": "", "description": "To sustain a trusted AI ecosystem, Singapore has to be proactive about providing guidance for AI and responding to industry realities.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 April 2021", "title": "MAS report on critical infrastructure for an inclusive digital economy", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2021/mas-report-on-critical-infrastructure-for-an-inclusive-digital-economy", "description": "The Monetary Authority of Singapore published a report on foundational digital infrastructures. The stated aspiration is to engage regulators from other countries in developing these digital infrastructures further. Digital infrastructures are defined as \"systems that allow different users and different digital devices to seamlessly interact with one another\". Among the four \"key pillars\" identified in the report, two relate to data governance. These are: \"(a) Digital Identity to ensure authe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 January 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity measures for financial institutions in revised Singapore Monetary Authority Technology Risk Management Guidelines", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/-/media/MAS/Regulations-and-Financial-Stability/Regulatory-and-Supervisory-Framework/Risk-Management/TRM-Guidelines-18-January-2021.pdf", "description": "On 18 January 2023, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issued its revised technology risk management guidelines, which set out risk management principles and best practices to guide financial institutions to establish sound and robust technology risk governance and oversight, as well as maintain IT and cyber resilience.The revised guidelines include guidance on technology risk governance and oversight, technology risk management framework, IT-project management and security-by-design, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2022", "title": "License requirements in Singapore Framework for Cybersecurity Service Providers", "url": "https://www.csro.gov.sg/how-to/apply-for-licence", "description": "On 11 April 2022, the Cyber Security Authority (CSA) of Singapore implemented a new licensing framework for cyber security service providers. The licensing requirement applies to all cyber security service providers and allows for certification of security and risk mitigation plans under the supervision of the Cybersecurity Services Regulation Office (CSRO). Specifically, providers must apply within six months of introduction (by 11 October 2022) and pay a licensing fee (of 500 Singapore doll...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 January 2022", "title": "Data protection measures in Singapore Data, Digitalisation and Corporate Transparency Amendments", "url": "https://www.acra.gov.sg/legislation/legislative-reform/listing-of-consultation-papers/public-consultation-on-proposed-legislative-amendments-relating-to-data-digitalisation-and-corporate-transparency-for-a-trusted-and-vibrant-business-environment-in-singapore", "description": "On 28 January 2022, the consultation on \"Legislative Amendments Relating to Data, Digitalisation and Corporate Transparency\" is closed by the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) after being opened on 17 December 2021. In particular, the Authority aims to limit personal data that must be disclosed to ACRA and to improve the transparency of companies' ownership structures. On the one hand, ACRA will try and adjust the way personal data is handled at the moment. On the other han...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 November 2021", "title": "Machine learning exception in Singapore Copyright Bill", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Bills-Supp/17-2021/Published/20210706?DocDate=20210706", "description": "On 21 November 2021, the new Copyright Bill was implemented after its adoption by the Parliament of Singapore. The Bill would repeal and replace the current Copyright Act. In particular, Division 8 of the Bill would allow the use of copyrighted material for computational data analysis, such as text and data mining, and machine learning, without the permission of the copyright owner, as long as the copyrighted works are accessed in compliance with the law. Among other conditions, the user must...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 January 2022", "title": "Security Measures to prevent SMS-Phishing scams in Digital Banking", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2022/mas-and-abs-announce-measures-to-bolster-the-security-of-digital-banking", "description": "On 19 January 2022, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the Association of Banks in Singapore (ABS) announced a new set of measures to improve security in online banking. Specifically, SMS-Phishing scams are to be prevented by the newly implemented measures. The measures will require financial institutions to have procedures in place to detect and prevent scams. Other measures require banks to no longer send clickable links. Furthermore, alteration of key personal information for us...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 January 2022", "title": "Legislative amendments regarding data, digitalization, and corporate transparency", "url": "https://www.acra.gov.sg/news-events/news-details/id/643", "description": "On 28 January 2022, the Singaporean Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) closed the public consultation on certain proposed legislative amendments (to the Companies Act, Accountants Act, ACRA Act, Business Names Registration Act, Limited Liability Partnerships Act, Limited Partnerships Act, and Variable Capital Companies Act 2018). The ACRA seeks input on five major areas. ACRA aims to lessen the amount of data that must be filed, increase corporate transparency, balance trans...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 July 2022", "title": "Content monitoring regulation in Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/28-2021/Published/20211125?DocDate=20211125", "description": "On 22 July 2022, the first part of the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act, containing content monitoring provisions, was implemented. The Act enables the Minister for Home Affairs to request information from online services (social media services, relevant electronic services, internet access services, personal websites, blogs or social media pages) to determine if harmful communications are being pursued with a foreign mandate. In response to claims that certain content is influenced...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2022", "title": "SingCERT alert on strengthening cybersecurity due to the Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/singcert/Advisories/ad-2022-001", "description": "On 27 February 2022, the Singaporean Computer Emergency Response Team (SingCERT) published an alert titled \"Strengthening Your Cybersecurity Posture Amidst Developments in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict\". Due to the increasing cyberthreats arising from the Russian invasion of Ukraine, SingCERT recommends organisations to secure systems and network infrastructure, monitor network connections and system logs to detect intrusions, prepare for ransomware attacks, prepare incident response and report...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 March 2022", "title": "US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2022/03/joint-press-release-new-collaboration-under-us-singapore-partnership", "description": "On 29 March 2022, the US Department of Commerce (DOC) and the Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI), and Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), have announced new areas of collaboration within the framework of the US-Singapore Partnership for Growth and Innovation (PGI). This includes collaboration between the DOC and the MCI on cybersecurity best practices in Southeast Asia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 March 2022", "title": "Cybersecurity Certification Program", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News/Press-Releases/csa-launches-new-cybersecurity-certification-programme-to-recognise-enterprises-with-good-cybersecurity-practices", "description": "On 29 March 2022, the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) announced the launch of a Cybersecurity Certification Program, comprising two cybersecurity marks that certify measures taken at an organisational level, rather than specific services. The \"Cyber Essentials\" mark is targeted at small and medium-sized businesses that follow comprehensive and safe cybersecurity practices. The \"Cyber Trust\" mark is aimed at big or more digitised businesses, such as multinational corporations that must have a more...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 July 2021", "title": "Cybersecurity Toolkits and Partnership Program for Enterprises", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News/Press-Releases/csa-launches-toolkits-and-partnership-programme", "description": "On 7 October 2021, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) announced the launch of the \"Cybersecurity Toolkits for Enterprises\" and the \"Cyber Safe Partnership Programme\". The CSA developed the toolkits and the partnership program to help businesses with regard to ransomware attacks and support digital economic development. The toolkits are tailored to business owners, especially small and medium-sized businesses, and explain the significance of cybersecurity, the importance of investmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 May 2022", "title": "PDPC Guide on the Responsible Use of Biometric Data in Security Applications", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Other-Guides/Guide-to-Biometric_17May2022.ashx?la=en", "description": "On 17 May 2022, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commissioner (PDPC) published a Guide on Responsible Use of Biometric Data in Security Applications, which outlines best practices for entities using security applications. The Guide lists the security measures that have to be implemented by entities that choose to use biometric recognition systems in order to ensure the protection of collected data. Furthermore, the Guide includes the obligations regarding the collection, storage and pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 July 2023", "title": "Codes for Enhancing Online Safety For Users in Singapore", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2023/imdas-online-safety-code-comes-into-effect", "description": "On 19 July 2023, the Code of Practice for Online Safety issued by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) came into effect. The Code aims to address the risks of harmful social media content, enhance online safety, and curb the spread of harmful content. It requires designated Social Media Services (SMSs) to minimise Singapore users’ exposure to harmful content, with additional protection for children, to provide users with mechanisms to report harmful content or unwanted interactions...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2022", "title": "Good Practices to Secure Personal Data in the Cloud Platform", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/news-and-events/announcements/2022/07/good-practices-to-secure-personal-data-in-the-cloud-platform-infographic-now-available", "description": "On 18 July 2022, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued an outline on Good Practices to Secure Personal Data in the Cloud Platform. The Good Practices contain advice on securing data for organisations using cloud services beyond the security features already included by cloud service providers. Specifically, the Good Practices provide examples of how to avoid security breaches from misconfiguration of cloud platforms, malware and phishing and compromised access keys.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2022", "title": "Guide on Personal Data Protection Considerations for Blockchain Design", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/news-and-events/announcements/2022/07/guide-on-personal-data-protection-considerations-for-blockchain-design", "description": "On 18 July 2022, Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued the Guide on Personal Data Protection Considerations for Blockchain Design. The Guide provides advice on how data protection by design can be ensured for blockchain applications, given the unique data protection risks arising from the decentralised and final nature of data stored on blockchain technology. In particular, the PDPC makes recommendations on best practices based on whether a given application is permiss...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 July 2022", "title": "IMDA and PDPC Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) Sandbox", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/news-and-events/Media-Room/Media-Releases/2022/IMDA-and-PDPC-launch-Singapore-first-Privacy-Enhancing-Technologies-Sandbox-as-they-mark-decade-long-effort-of-strengthening-public-trust", "description": "On 20 July 2022, the Singapore Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) launched the Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) Sandbox pilot programme. This sandbox aims to support businesses and organizations in tackling common privacy issues and enhancing economic cooperation. PET aims to allow the IMDA and the PDPC to share knowledge and expertise while maintaining the confidentiality of any personal data. Moreover, the sandbox aims to allow...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2022", "title": "Lawsuit regarding the of private action in case of emotional distress under PDPA (Reed v Bellingham)", "url": "https://www.elitigation.sg/gd/s/2022_SGCA_60", "description": "On 9 September 2022, the Court of Appeal of the Republic of Singapore ruled on the right to bring a private action under Section 32(1) of the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA). In Reed v Bellingham, a former employee used the clients' names, personal email addresses and investment information without their consent. The former employer, together with one of the affected clients, brought an action under section 32(1) of the PDPA. In particular, the Court of Appeal held that emotional di...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2023", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2023/1/online-safety-(miscellaneous-amendments)-act-takes-effect-on-1-february-2023", "description": "On 1 February 2023, the Singapore Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act, including content moderation requirements, came into effect by determination of the Minister for Communications and Information. The Act specifies that online communication services providers, defined as entities enabling users to access or communicate through an online platform or provide their own content, are required to comply with the Code of Practice developed by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMD...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 December 2022", "title": "Investigation into Etiago International alleged data leak exposing 2.76 million user's sensitive data", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Commissions-Decisions/GD_Eatigo-International-Pte-Ltd_211222.pdf", "description": "On 21 December 2022, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) of Singapore issued a decision in the case concerning a data leak by Etiago International, an online restaurant booking platform. The incident involved 2.76 million users and sensitive data such as names, email addresses, phone numbers, passwords and other credentials were exposed. As a result, the company failed to comply with the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) and thus to protect the personal data of its users. The PDP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2024", "title": "Advisory Guidelines on the Use of Personal Data in AI Systems under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/guidelines-and-consultation/2024/02/advisory-guidelines-on-use-of-personal-data-in-ai-recommendation-and-decision-systems", "description": "On 1 March 2024, the Data Protection Authority in Singapore (PDPC) adopted the Advisory Guidelines on the Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems. The guidelines cover scenarios where organisations can use the business improvement and research exception, allowing them to use personal data without prior consent. However, when deploying AI Systems that collect and use personal data in products or services, organisations must adhere to consent and notification obligations....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 July 2023", "title": "AI Verify Foundation", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2023/singapore-launches-ai-verify-foundation", "description": "On 7 June 2023, Singapore’s Minister for Communications and Information announced the creation of the AI Verify Foundation. Its purpose is to leverage the collective power and contributions of the global open-source community in order to create AI testing tools that promote responsible AI usage. The Foundation aims to enhance AI testing capabilities and assurance to meet the requirements of companies and regulators worldwide. By launching the AI Verify Foundation, support will be provided for...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 June 2023", "title": "UK-Singapore MoU on Data Cooperation", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-singapore-data-and-tech-agreements-to-boost-trade-and-security", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the governments of the United Kingdom and Singapore signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Data Cooperation aiming to increase digital trade between both countries. Notably, the MoU establishes a new Strategic Intergovernmental Dialogue to discuss domestic data regulation, protection and international transfer of data. The MoU builds on the UK-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement signed in February 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 September 2023", "title": "UK-Singapore Joint Declaration on economic strategic partnership including new technologies like cyber and AI", "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1183475/UK-Singapore_Strategic_Partnership.pdf", "description": "On 9 September 2023, the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Singapore and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland adopted the final declaration on a strategic partnership, including a chapter on new technologies such as cyber and AI. In the joint declaration, the Prime Ministers of Singapore and the United Kingdom emphasise their commitment to free trade, international law, and the rules-based multilateral system, as well as their dedication to peace, stability, and prosperit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 February 2023", "title": "CSA Advisory on Securing Routers for Organisations", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-advisories/Advisories/2023/ad-2023-016", "description": "On 2 October 2023, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) issued guidance on enhancing router security for organisations. The advisory underscores the significance of router safety, outlines prevalent attack vectors against routers, and identifies potential threats. The CSA recommends proactive detection measures, including monitoring inbound and outbound connections from network devices to internal and external systems, with a specific focus on the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH). Addition...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 December 2023", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in US-Singapore Critical and Emerging Technology (CET) Dialogue", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/10/12/u-s-singapore-critical-and-emerging-technology-dialogue-joint-vision-statement/", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the United States (US) and Singapore established the Critical and Emerging Technology (CET) Dialogue, which complements the existing Partnership for Growth and Innovation and Cyber Dialogue. The parties announced the development of a bilateral roadmap for the Digital Economic Cooperation. The parties stated it would address data governance, digital standards, consumer protection, and digital transformation support for small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, the parties ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Generative AI Evaluation Sandbox for Trusted AI", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/api/file/getfile/Singapores%20first%20generative%20AI%20Sandbox%20to%20familiarise%20and%20help%20SMEs%20get%20head%20start%20in%20capturing%20new%20AI%20opportunities.pdf?path=/sgpcmedia/media_releases/imda/press_release/P-20240207-1/attachment/Singapores%20first%20generative%20AI%20Sandbox%20to%20familiarise%20and%20help%20SMEs%20get%20head%20start%20in%20capturing%20new%20AI%20opportunities.pdf", "description": "On 7 February 2024, Enterprise Singapore and the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) launched the Generative AI (GenAI) Sandbox for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This initiative promotes global collaboration to evaluate trusted AI products, with a focus on Large Language Models (LLMs). The Sandbox is part of a broader effort to establish a common standard for assessing Gen AI and will provide SMEs with greater access to GenAI. The Sandbox will onboard 13 GenAI solutions b...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 November 2023", "title": "MAS generative AI risk framework for the financial sector (Project MindForge)", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2023/mas-partners-industry-to-develop-generative-ai-risk-framework-for-the-financial-sector", "description": "On 15 November 2023, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) closed the first phase of Project MindForge concerning the development of a generative AI (GenAI) risk framework in the financial sector. The Project aims to develop a framework for the responsible use of GenAI in the financial sector as well as investigate potential solutions to industry-wide challenges and enhance risk management. The MAS recognises that while GenAI offers certain advantages to financial institutions, there are ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Safe App Standard for Mobile Applications", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/Tips-Resource/publications/2024/safe-app-standard", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) adopted the Safe App standard, a recommended security benchmark for mobile applications. Developed in consultation with industry partners, the standard aims to enhance the security of mobile apps in Singapore, protecting them against common malware and phishing attempts. The standard focuses on four critical areas: authentication, which ensures secure user identity validation, authorisation, which delineates access rights withi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 May 2024", "title": "Framework for Generative AI Development", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2024/gen-ai-and-digital-foss-ai-governance-playbook", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) of Singapore, together with the AI Verify Foundation (AIVF), adopted the Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI (MGF-Gen AI). The framework expands on the existing Model Governance Framework for Traditional AI, aiming to address new issues that have emerged with generative AI. The proposed framework includes practical insights from evaluation tests and responses from local and international companies. It proposes nine di...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "Online Trust and Safety (OTS) Research Programme and Centre for Advanced Technologies in Online Safety (CATOS)", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/media-centre/press-releases/online-trust-and-safety-catos/", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) of Singapore announced the Online Trust and Safety (OTS) Research Programme and the Centre for Advanced Technologies in Online Safety (CATOS). The OTS programme, a USD 20 million initiative running from 2023 to 2028, is part of Singapore's Research, Innovation and Enterprise 2025 Plan. Its objective is to develop local capabilities to combat new forms of online harm, including misinformation and content manipulation. CAT...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "PDPC investigation into Whiz Communications for allegedly breaching data protection obligations under PDPA", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/all-commissions-decisions/2024/03/breach-of-the-protection-obligation-by-whiz-communications", "description": "On 21 March 2024, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) ruled that Whiz Communications failed to adequately protect customers' personal data and imposed a financial penalty of SGD 9'000. The ruling follows an incident where the organisation's customer management system (CMS) was exploited for unauthorised exfiltration of customer personal data, including identification documents and supporting documents. The organisation admitted to breaching the security obligations under ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "Cyber Security Agency advisory on detecting and responding to deepfake scams", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-advisories/Advisories/2024/ad-2024-006", "description": "On 21 March 2024, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) published an advisory on detecting and responding to deepfake scams outlining detection and response measures for such type of content. The advisory addresses the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in creating convincing deepfakes, which can deceive users in scams or phishing attacks. The advisory emphasises the importance of assessing the message source, context, and aim and provides guidance on analysing audio-visual elements t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 July 2024", "title": "Ministry of Communications and Information Digital Enterprise Blueprint", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2024/new-advanced-digital-solution-categories-to-empower-smes", "description": "On 16 July 2024, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) launched two new Advanced Digital Solution categories under the Digital Enterprise Blueprint (DEB) for the retail and security industries. Targeted at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Retail Management (OCRM) and Integrated Security Management (ISM) provide sector-specific integrated solutions. These innovations unify business functions, facilitating seamless information flow across operations for enhanced efficiency, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "AI Verify Project Moonshot for Safe and Secure AI Development", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2024/sg-launches-project-moonshot", "description": "On 31 May 2024, Singapore's Minister for Communications and Information announced the launch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Verify Project Moonshot. The Project Moonshot is an open-sourced testing toolkit aimed at enhancing the security and safety of large language models (LLMs), which are fundamental to AI-driven solutions. Developed in collaboration with industry partners such as DataRobot, IBM, Singtel, and Temasek, the toolkit aims to establish global testing standards for AI safety and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "MCI order designating Gutzy Asia's website and social media pages as declared online locations under the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/gutzy-asia-s-pages-declared-online-locations-due-to-multiple-online-falsehoods/", "description": "On 11 June 2026, the Singapore Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI)’s order designating Gutzy Asia's website and social media pages as “declared online locations” under the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019 ceased to have effect. The designation had been made due to multiple falsehoods communicated on these platforms. During that period, Gutzy's online locations had to display a notice warning visitors of their history of spreading misinformation. While t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 July 2023", "title": "POFMA order establishing list of prescribed intermediaries subject to Codes of Practice", "url": "https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/files/list-of-prescribed-intermediaries-7mar2023.pdf", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) Office’s order establishing list of prescribed intermediaries subject to Codes of Practice entered into force. In particular, the Code of Practice for Giving Prominence to Credible Online Sources of Information applies to Google LLC (Google Search and YouTube), Meta Platforms (Facebook and Instagram), Twitter, WeChat International, Baidu and TikTok. The Code of Practice for Transparency of Online Political Adv...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "Online Criminal Harms (Prescribed Law Enforcement Agencies) Order 2024", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/OCHA2023-S46-2024?DocDate=20240130", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Online Criminal Harms (Prescribed Law Enforcement Agencies) Order 2024, adopted by the Minister for Home Affairs under the Online Criminal Harms Act, comes into effect. The order designates as prescribed law enforcement agencies the Police Force, Central Narcotics Bureau, Immigration and Checkpoints Authority, Internal Security Department, and the Gambling Regulatory Authority.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 December 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in SPF Code of Practice for E-Commerce Services", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/provisions-in-the-online-criminal-harms-act-on-codes-of-practice-and-implementation-directives-to-come-into-force-on-24-june-2024", "description": "On 27 December 2024, the Singapore Police Force (SPF)’s Code of Practice for E-Commerce Services under the Online Criminal Harms Act 2023, enters into force. The code requires all designated e-commerce service providers to implement measures to counter and prevent the use of their platforms for scams and malicious cyber activities. The code mandates that designated providers must proactively detect and promptly address suspected scams and malicious activities, allow end-users to report such a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Revised Advisory Guidelines on enforcement of the Data Protection Provisions", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/files/pdpc/pdf-files/advisory-guidelines/advisory-guidelines-on-enforcement-of-dp-provisions_1oct2022.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued advisory guidelines on the enforcement of the Data Protection Provisions (PDPA). The guidelines explain the various powers conferred on the PDPC to enforce the PDPA, including alternative dispute resolution, reviews, investigations, and powers related to voluntary undertakings. Each of these powers is extensively detailed in the guidelines, along with the main objectives of the PDPC when exercising its authority under th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 February 2023", "title": "Investigation into Asia Sentinel for allegedly publishing falsehoods", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/media-centre/press-releases/mci-directs-imda-to-issue-access-blocking-orders-to-asia-sentinel/", "description": "On 2 June 2023, the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) directed the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) to issue an Access Blocking Order due to Asia Sentinel's non-compliance with a Correction Direction regarding falsehoods in their article \"Singapore kills a Chicken to Scare the Monkeys.\" The order required that facts be juxtaposed against the falsehoods, allowing end-users in Singapore to read both versions and draw their own conclusions. Asia Sentinel was mandated to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2020", "title": "Protection from Harassment (Amendment) Act", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/17-2019/Published/20190610170000?DocDate=20190610170000", "description": "On 1 April 2020, the Protection from Harassment (Amendment) Act aimed at strengthening measures against the spread of online falsehoods entered into force. The amendments empower courts to issue various orders to individuals and entities, including stop publication orders, correction orders, disabling orders, targeted correction orders, and general correction orders, to address falsehoods published online. These orders are designed to stop the dissemination of false statements, correct the mi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs investigation regarding published falsehoods by SDP on TikTok, Facebook and Instagram", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/rejection-of-application-by-the-singapore-democratic-party-to-vary-the-correction-direction-issued-on-29-june-2024-pursuant-to-the-protection-from-online-falsehoods-and-manipulation-act-2019", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Minister for Home Affairs and Law rejected an application by the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) to amend the Correction Direction initially issued on 29 June 2024. The Correction Direction was a response to false statements disseminated by the SDP on its social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, regarding the legal proceedings against three women under the Public Order Act 2009. The Minister determined that there was no merit in the SDP's recen...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 April 2024", "title": "PDPC investigation into CH Offshore's compliance with security measures to protect customers' personal data", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/all-commissions-decisions/2024/06/breach-of-the-protection-obligation-by-ch-offshore", "description": "On 4 July 2024, the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) issued a decision regarding its investigation into CH Offshore’s compliance with security measures to protect customers' personal data. The PDPC investigated CH Offshore for a ransomware attack on its servers on 28 March 2023, which led to the encryption and potential exfiltration of personal data of 5’906 individuals. The investigation determined multiple security lapses, including outdated firewall software, lack of mu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 July 2024", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs's directions under FICA to social media platforms X, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and TikTok to block online account", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/issuance-of-account-restriction-directions-under-the-foreign-interference-countermeasures-act-2021-against-95-social-media-accounts-linked-to-a-foreign-network", "description": "On 19 July 2024, the Ministry of Home Affairs in Singapore issued Account Restriction Directions (ARDs) under the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021 (FICA) to 5 social media platforms, including X, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok. The directions mandate the platforms to block access to 95 online accounts for Singapore end-users. The directions were issued following investigations that linked these accounts to a coordinated network operated by Guo Wengui, the New Federal ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "Cyber Security Agency guidelines for securing AI Systems", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/Tips-Resource/publications/2024/guidelines-on-securing-ai", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore adopted the guidelines on securing Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. The guideline applies to organisations integrating AI systems into their operations, particularly those handling sensitive data or operating in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and national security. The guideline outlines a lifecycle approach to securing AI systems, including risk assessments and addressing supply chain security, incident management, and ong...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "Singapore Operational Technology Cybersecurity Masterplan", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/Press-Releases/2024/singapore-updates-operational-technology-cybersecurity-masterplan", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) published the updated national Operational Technology Cybersecurity Masterplan (OT Masterplan 2024). The updated OT Masterplan 2024 builds on the OT Masterplan 2019 and outlines key initiatives to enhance cyber resiliency and shape OT organisations’ behaviour, including enhancing the OT cybersecurity talent pipeline, enhancing information sharing and reporting, uplifting OT cybersecurity resilience beyond critical information inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2023", "title": "IMDA List of Designated Social Media Services subject to Code of Practice for Online Safety", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/regulations-and-licensing/regulations/codes-of-practice/codes-of-practice-media/list-of-designated-social-media-services-subject-to-the-code-of-practice-for-online-safety.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2023, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) designated several social media services as regulated online communication services under Section 45K(1) of the Broadcasting Act 1994. The services affected include Facebook, HardwareZone, Instagram, TikTok, X, and YouTube. Following this designation, these platforms will be subject to the Code of Practice (Online Safety) issued under Section 45L(1) of the Broadcasting Act, focusing on content moderation regulation to ensure onl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "Elections (Integrity of Online Advertising) (Amendment) Bill (No 29/2024)", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/SL/S47-2025?DocDate=20250120", "description": "On 22 January 2025, the Elections (Integrity of Online Advertising) (Amendment) Bill enters into force. The Bill aims to protect citizens from deepfakes during elections. In particular, the Bill prohibits the publication of digitally generated or manipulated online election advertisements that depict a candidate for election. In addition, a \"returning officer\" will be mandated to issue a corrective direction to individuals and social media services that publish such content. Internet access s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 May 2024", "title": "MHA investigation into Online Statements concerning Legal Processes for Prisoners Awaiting Capital Punishment", "url": "https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/files/media-releases/pofma_pr_mha_5oct2024.pdf", "description": "On 5 October 2024, the Singapore Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) directed TikTok Pte Ltd to issue correction notices to all Singaporean end-users who accessed a post containing false statements about the legal processes for prisoners awaiting capital punishment and the prosecution of drug trafficking charges. This action follows an investigation into publications, including on social media, by the Transformative Justice Collective and individual Kokila Annamalai, which were found to contain in...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "CSA Safe App Standard 2.0 (SAS 2.0)", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/Press-Releases/2024/csa-publishes-safe-app-standard-version-2.0", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore released the Safe App Standard 2.0, which applies to application developers and owners of mobile applications, particularly those handling high-risk transactions such as modifications to financial functions. The standard imposes obligations encouraging developers to implement security controls across eight cybersecurity areas, including authentication, authorisation, data storage, anti-tampering and anti-reversing, network communicati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs investigation into websites for allegedly facilitating distribution of hostile information campaigns", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2024/ten-inauthentic-websites-blocked", "description": "On 22 October 2024, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) issued an order under Section 16 of the Broadcasting Act 1994 to Internet Access Service Providers (IASPs) in Singapore, directing them to disable access to ten websites identified as inauthentic. These websites, detected by the Ministry of Home Affairs and confirmed by IMDA, were found to potentially pose a threat of being used for hostile information campaigns against Singapore. The websites employed tactics such as masquer...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 May 2024", "title": "Ministry of Home Affairs investigation into false statements reposted on Facebook and Instagram from TJC's October posts", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/minister-for-home-affairs-instructs-pofma-office-to-issue-targeted-correction-directions-to-meta-platforms-inc", "description": "On 5 November 2024, the Ministry of Home Affairs of Singapore (MHA) issued an order to the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act Office (POFMA Office) to issue targeted correction directions to Meta Platforms. The order relates to the reposting of alleged false statements on Facebook and Instagram. The false statements, originally made by the Transformative Justice Collective regarding executions and drug trafficking charges in Singapore, were re-shared by individuals on 23 a...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "Singapore-UK Memorandum of Cooperation to enhance safety and reliability of AI technologies in its development and use", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/new-singapore-uk-agreement-to-strengthen-global-ai-safety-and-governance/", "description": "On 6 November 2024, Singapore and the United Kingdom signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) to enhance the safety and reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in its development. The MoC, signed by Singapore’s Minister for Digital Development and Information and the UK’s Secretary of State for Science, Innovation, and Technology, focuses on enhancing AI safety and reliability. The MoC strengthens cooperation between the AI Safety Institutes (AISIs) of both countries. Areas o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 May 2024", "title": "Monetary Authority of Singapore source on artificial intelligence governance", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/publications/monographs-or-information-paper/2024/artificial-intelligence-model-risk-management", "description": "Official source record dated 12 May 2024 for Singapore concerning Design requirements in MAS artificial intelligence model risk management observations for financial institutions. See the linked mas.gov.sg source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 February 2025", "title": "Online Criminal Harms Act 2023 (Amendment of First Schedule) (No. 2) Order 2024 related to money laundering and terrorism financing", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg//SL-Supp/S986-2024/Published/20241219?DocDate=20241219", "description": "On 2 January 2025, the Online Criminal Harms Act 2023 (Amendment of First Schedule) (No. 2) Order 2024 related to money laundering and terrorism financing comes into effect. The Act empowers the government to issue directions to online service providers to limit exposure to criminal activities, including scams and malicious cyber-activities, and limit exposure to non-compliant platforms. This amendment enables authorities to address offences related to money laundering and terrorism financing...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2025", "title": "Cyber Security Agency list of recommended security applications aimed at mobile device protection", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/csa-releases-new-list-recommended-security-apps", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) published an updated list of recommended security applications (apps) for mobile device protection. The list includes six Android and iOS security apps including Avast, AVG, Norton360 and F-Secure. The apps underwent tests in four categories including malware detection, phishing detection, network detection, and device integrity checks. It was highlighted that to be deemed effective, apps must score 50% or higher in malware and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2025", "title": "MTI statement on DeepSeek concerning US export-controlled Nvidia chips", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/detail?url=/media_releases/mti/press_release/P-20250201-1&page=/detail&HomePage=home", "description": "On 1 February 2025, the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore (MTI) issued a press statement regarding allegations that DeepSeek acquired US export-controlled Nvidia chips through intermediaries in Singapore. In particular, the MTI cited Nvidia’s statement that there is no reason to believe that DeepSeek obtained any export-controlled products from Singapore. The MTI stated that it expects all US companies, including Nvidia, to comply with US export controls and domestic legislation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 November 2025", "title": "IMDA and Humane Intelligence inquiry into large language models' cultural bias stereotypes in non-English languages", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/media-centre/press-releases/singapore-announces-new-ai-safety-initiatives/", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Minister for Digital Development and Information published the AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge Evaluation Report 2025 at the Global AI Action Summit in France. The evaluation assessed the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across different languages and cultural contexts in the Asia Pacific region. Conducted by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and Humane Intelligence, the challenge involved over 50 participants from nine countries testing four ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 August 2025", "title": "Cyber Security Agency of Singapore advisory on protection of systems and data from ransomware attacks", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/advisories/ad-2021-009", "description": "On 8 April 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) issued an advisory released advisory on the protection of systems and data from ransomware attacks. The advisory highlights the escalating threat of ransomware attacks, which employ advanced tactics such as double and triple extortion, exploitation of vulnerabilities, and social engineering. The advisory emphasised the need for a multi-layered defence strategy, including regular patching, network segmentation, strong authentication...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 July 2025", "title": "Cyber Security Agency of Singapore investigation into ransomware attack at Toppan Next Tech", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/joint-media-release-on-ransomware-attack-on-toppan-next-tech-", "description": "On 7 April 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) confirmed awareness of a ransomware attack reported by Toppan Next Tech (TNT) to the Personal Data Protection Commission on 6 April 2025, which resulted in the extraction of customer data from DBS Bank and Bank of China Limited, Singapore branch, though no log-in credentials were compromised. CSA is assisting TNT with investigations and containment measures, while MAS is working with th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 March 2025", "title": "Competition and Consumer Commission investigation into Quantum Globe's alleged AI generated reviews use on Sgcarmart", "url": "https://www.sgpc.gov.sg/api/file/getfile/Media%20Release%20-%20Action%20Taken%20Against%20Lambency%20Detailing%20for%20AI-Generated%20Fake%20Reviews.pdf?path=/sgpcmedia/media_releases/cccs/press_release/P-20250703-1/attachment/Media%20Release%20-%20Action%20Taken%20Against%20Lambency%20Detailing%20for%20AI-Generated%20Fake%20Reviews.pdf", "description": "On 3 July 2025, the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore (CCCS) took enforcement action against Quantum Globe Private Limited, the company behind Lambency Detailing, for misleading consumers by publishing fake five-star reviews on its Sgcarmart business page. These reviews were generated using ChatGPT and falsely appeared to come from real customers, whose personal details were used without consent. CCCS found this to be an unfair trade practice under consumer protection rules. As...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 June 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commission and Cyber Security Agency's joint advisory against using National Registration Identity Card number for authentication", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2025/06/joint-advisory-against-using-nric-numbers-for-authentication-by-the-personal-data-protection-commission-pdpc-and-cyber-security-agency-of-singapore-csa", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) and the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) jointly issued an advisory discouraging organisations from using the National Registration Identity Card number to authenticate individuals when granting access to services or information. The advisory applies to organisations across all sectors and underscores that authentication should not rely on NRIC numbers, which are not secret and may have been disclosed to others. Organisat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 April 2025", "title": "Ministry of Digital Development and Information investigation into false statements over Arts Entertainment License application under the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act", "url": "https://www.pofmaoffice.gov.sg/files/media-releases/pofma_pr_mddi_4Sep2025.pdf", "description": "On 4 September 2025, the Minister for Digital Development and Information instructed the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA) Office to issue Targeted Correction Directions (TCDs) to Meta Platforms and X Corp. after non-compliance with a Correction Direction issued on 1 September 2025 concerning false statements published on 27 August 2025. The false statements alleged that the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) required multiple edits to submitted material,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Monetary Authority of Singapore and six financial institutions' inquiry into quantum-safe communications in financial sector", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2025/mas-and-industry-partners-publish-technical-report-on-proof-of-concept-sandbox", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), together with Development Bank of Singapore, Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation, United Overseas Bank, Singapore Power Telecommunications and SpeQtral, published a technical report after completing a proof-of-concept sandbox on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for secure financial communications. The initiative applies to financial institutions involved in data transfer and communication...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 November 2025", "title": "Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill 2025", "url": "https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Acts-Supp/21-2025/Published/20251203?DocDate=20251203", "description": "On 25 November 2025, the President signed the Criminal Law (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2025. It expands the definition of “intimate image” under Section 377BE to include AI-generated material, criminalises the non-consensual production of images, and explicitly prohibits computer-generated child sexual abuse material. The Act also amends Section 292 to criminalise online platforms that distribute obscene content and introduces graduated penalties for offences involving materials depicting ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (Bill No. 18/2025)", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Bills%20Supplement/18.pdf", "description": "On 15 October 2025, the Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (Bill No. 18/2025) was introduced to Parliament. The Bill would establish the Commissioner of Online Safety with investigative, administrative and enforcement powers relating to online harmful activity affecting users in Singapore and would apply to online service providers irrespective of physical presence in Singapore. The Commissioner would be supported by appointed Deputy Commissioners, Assistant Commissioners and auth...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Singapore and United Kingdom's Memorandum of Understanding on mutual recognition of consumer Internet-of-Things cybersecurity regimes", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/singapore-signs-mou-with-the-united-kingdom-on-cooperation-on-mutual-recognition-of-consumer-internet-of-things-cyber-security-regimes/", "description": "On 1 January 2026, Singapore’s Cyber Security Agency (CSA) and the United Kingdom’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT)'s Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on mutual recognition of consumer Internet-of-Things (IoT) cybersecurity regimes enters into force. The MoU applies to manufacturers of smart consumer devices, including home assistants, automation systems, and IoT hubs. It allows products certified under Singapore’s Cybersecurity Labelling Scheme for IoT (CLS(IoT)) to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Guidance on quantum-safe migration", "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/36/11227d39-4350-4ded-9046-d62f99f561ab/Draft%20for%20Public%20Consultation%20-%20Quantum-Safe%20Handbook%20(Oct%202025).pdf", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA), the Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech), and the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) close the consultation on a draft guidance on quantum-safe migration. The guidance notes that future quantum computers could compromise current public-key cryptography and offers voluntary recommendations to support organisations in planning a phased transition to quantum-safe systems. It advises conducting risk assessm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 December 2025", "title": "Quantum Readiness Index", "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/36/949031c3-6734-4d33-985e-71331fa8ade4/Draft%20for%20Public%20Consultation%20-%20Quantum%20Readiness%20Index%20(Oct%202025).pdf", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore, the Government Technology Agency of Singapore, and the Infocomm Media Development Authority close the consultation on the draft Quantum Readiness Index (QRI). The QRI is a voluntary self-assessment tool designed to help organisations evaluate their preparedness for future quantum computing risks. It targets technology strategists, including Chief Technology and Chief Information Officers, and assesses readiness across five domains: ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity (Critical Information Infrastructure) (Amendment) Regulations", "url": "https://assets.egazette.gov.sg/2025/Legislative%20Supplements/Subsidiary%20Legislation%20Supplement/678.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Cybersecurity (Critical Information Infrastructure) (Amendment) Regulations 2025 entered into force. The Amendment revises definitions to cover owner-controlled interconnected and non-interconnected systems, supplier-controlled interconnected systems, and “relevant computer or computer system.” It also introduces rules specific to virtualisation locations. Incident-reporting duties are updated. Initial details must be provided “to the fullest extent practicable.” Suppl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 November 2025", "title": "Police Force's assessment of Apple's and Google's measures to prevent spoofing of government agencies", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/mediaroom/press-releases/issuance-of-implementation-directives-to-apple-and-google-under-the-online-criminal-harms-act", "description": "On 24 November 2025, the Singapore Police Force (SPF) issued implementation directives requiring Apple and Google to introduce measures to prevent the spoofing of government agencies on their messaging services by 30 November 2025. The companies must block or filter messages from accounts or group chats that impersonate \"gov.sg” and ensure that unknown profile names are either not displayed or shown less prominently than messages from known contacts. Singapore government agencies have used th...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyber Security Agency and Infocomm Media Development Authority's operation Cyber Guardian to counter UNC3886 threat targeting telecommunications sector", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/largest-multi-agency-cyber-operation-mounted-to-counter-threat-posed-by-advanced-persistent-threat--apt--actor-unc3886-to-singapore-s-telecommunications-sector/", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) and the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) published details of a multi-agency cybersecurity operation, codenamed Operation CYBER GUARDIAN, to counter Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actor UNC3886 targeting Singapore’s telecommunications sector. The operation involved the 4 major telecommunications operators in Singapore, including M1, SIMBA Telecom, Singtel and StarHub, which had been targeted in a deliberate and coor...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Cyber Trust Mark requirements in critical information infrastructure and cybersecurity industries", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/csa-to-raise-cybersecurity-standards-for-critical-information-infrastructure-owners/", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the Cyber Security Agency (CSA) adopted a requirement for Critical Information Infrastructure Owners (CIIOs) and CII auditors to obtain the Cyber Trust Mark (CTM) Level 5 certification. The mandate aims to establish a consistent national baseline for cybersecurity standards across organisations managing sensitive data or critical systems. The CTM serves as a tiered certification framework that validates an organisation's cybersecurity measures according to its specific risk p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity labelling scheme", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/factsheets/2026/government-to-raise-cybersecurity-labelling-requirements", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) announced a revision of the mandatory cybersecurity requirements for residential routers under the Cybersecurity Labelling Scheme (CLS), raising the requirement from Level 1 to Level 2. The policy applies to manufacturers of residential routers sold in Singapore. Under the revised requirements, routers must implement additional security measures, including secure communications, secure storage of sensitive data, and stronger authen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Singapore Police Force investigation into Meta over alleged dissemination of religiously offensive content under Online Criminal Harms Act", "url": "https://www.mha.gov.sg/media-room/newsroom/issuance-of-disabling-directions-under-the-online-criminal-harms-act-to-deal-with-religiously-offensive-social-media-posts/", "description": "On 8 March 2026, the Singapore Police Force (SPF) issued 5 disabling directions to Meta under the Online Criminal Harms Act 2023 (OCHA) in relation to social media posts containing a video of a man stepping on the Quran, believed to have been filmed on a public bus in Singapore. The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the SPF assessed that the content constituted an offence of insulting the religion of another person in Singapore under Section 17F(4) of the Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Infocomm Media Development Authority's assessment of X's compliance with detection and removal of child sexual exploitation material and terrorism content", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2026/imda-issues-letters-of-caution-to-x-and-tiktok", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) issued a letter of caution to X following a 120% increase in child sexual exploitation and abuse material (CSEM) cases with a Singapore nexus, rising from 33 cases in 2024 to 73 in 2025. All 73 cases violated X's own policies and were only removed after IMDA flagged them directly, despite IMDA having shared its analysis of CSEM indicators with X in 2024. It was stated that X has been placed under enhanced supervision and is req...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Advisory Guidelines on the Use of Personal Data in AI Recommendation and Decision Systems (PDPC)", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/how-we-can-help/ai-verify", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) of Singapore published advisory guidelines on 1 March 2024 clarifying how the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) applies to the use of personal data in AI systems that make recommendations, predictions or decisions. The Guidelines explain consent and relevant exceptions (notably the Business Improvement and Research exceptions), outline data protection and procurement best practices for service providers, and encourage transparency and accountability measures for organisations using personal data in AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Verify (AI governance testing framework and toolkit)", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2022/sg-launches-worlds-first-ai-testing-framework-and-toolkit-to-promote-transparency", "description": "AI law in Singapore: AI Verify is a voluntary AI governance testing framework and open-source toolkit launched by Singapore (IMDA and PDPC) in May 2022 as a Minimum Viable Product to help organisations objectively demonstrate the responsible implementation of AI systems through technical tests and process checks. It has evolved under the stewardship of the AI Verify Foundation to include testing guidance for generative AI and international pilots and sandbox initiatives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Singapore (national AI research and translation programme)", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/aisg-new-national-programme-to-catalyse-synergise-and-boost-singapore-s-artificial-intelligence-capabilities/", "description": "AI law in Singapore: AI Singapore (AISG) is a national programme launched in May 2017 by the National Research Foundation (NRF) to catalyse, synergise and boost Singapore’s AI capabilities through applied research, industry translation and talent development. Funded initially up to S$150 million over five years, AISG coordinates government agencies, research institutes and industry partners to deliver large-scale AI projects, talent pipelines and shared resources....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence Model Risk Management – Observations from a Thematic Review (MAS information paper)", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/publications/monographs-or-information-paper/2024/artificial-intelligence-model-risk-management", "description": "Official source record for Singapore concerning Artificial Intelligence Model Risk Management – Observations from a Thematic Review (MAS information paper). See the linked mas.gov.sg source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Elections (Integrity of Online Advertising) (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/new-legal-measures-uphold-integrity-online-advertising-elections/", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Elections (Integrity of Online Advertising) (Amendment) Act 2024 (ELIONA) amends Singapore’s Parliamentary Elections Act 1954 and Presidential Elections Act 1991 to prohibit digitally generated or manipulated online election advertising that realistically depicts a candidate saying or doing something they did not. The Act empowers the Returning Officer to issue corrective directions during the election period and imposes criminal penalties and platform compliance obligations to preserve electoral integrity....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Guide on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools by Court Users (Registrar's Circular / Singapore Courts)", "url": "https://www.judiciary.gov.sg/news-and-resources/registrar%27s-circulars/circular-details/registrar%27s-circular-no.-1-2024-supreme-court", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Singapore Courts' Guide (Registrar's Circular No. 1 of 2024) provides principles and practical guidance on the use of generative AI (GenAI) by court users across the Supreme Court, State Courts and Family Justice Courts effective 1 October 2024. It neither bans GenAI nor removes existing professional, evidential or confidentiality obligations — users remain fully responsible for content, must verify AI outputs and must not use GenAI to fabricate evidence....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Advisory Council on the Ethical Use of AI and Data", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/-/media/Files/PDPC/PDF-Files/Resource-for-Organisation/AI/Discussion-Paper-on-AI-and-PD---050618.pdf", "description": "AI law in Singapore: Established in June 2018 and convened in November 2018, the Advisory Council on the Ethical Use of AI and Data was created to advise Singapore’s government on ethical, legal and governance issues arising from private‑sector use of data‑driven technologies and to support development of pragmatic guidance for businesses. It served as a multi‑stakeholder body informing the PDPC's Discussion Paper and the subsequent Model AI Governance Framework....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2.0 (NAIS 2.0)", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/04122023/", "description": "AI law in Singapore: NAIS 2.0 (launched 4 December 2023) is Singapore’s updated national AI strategy, refocusing AI from an opportunity to a strategic necessity and setting priorities for the next 3–5 years to build peaks of excellence, empower citizens and industry, and advance responsible, trustworthy AI. The strategy sets out 3 systems, 10 enablers and 15 actions to accelerate AI R&D, capability-building, and governance across sectors. (smartnation.gov.sg)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Principles to Promote Fairness, Ethics, Accountability and Transparency (FEAT) in the Use of AI and Data Analytics (MAS)", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/schemes-and-initiatives/veritas", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) published the FEAT Principles on 12 November 2018 to guide financial institutions in the responsible use of artificial intelligence and data analytics (AIDA). The non‑binding principles—Fairness, Ethics, Accountability and Transparency—set foundational expectations for governance, model lifecycle practices, monitoring and consumer trust-building in the financial sector....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Workplace Fairness Bill (Workplace Fairness legislation passed in Parliament)", "url": "https://www.parliament.gov.sg/docs/default-source/bills-introduced/workplace-fairness-bill-50-2024599bd234-9e12-4e7a-92a5-812774bb39a2.pdf?sfvrsn=fa585008_1", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Workplace Fairness Bill was passed by the Parliament of Singapore on 8 January 2025 and establishes statutory protections against workplace discrimination across hiring, in-employment decisions and dismissals. It defines protected characteristics, requires employers (subject to thresholds) to maintain grievance-handling processes, and creates calibrated enforcement tools including contravention notices, directions and civil penalties administered by a Commissioner for Workplace Fairness. (mom.gov.sg)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Proposed Guide on Synthetic Data Generation (PDPC)", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2024/07/proposed-guide-on-synthetic-data-generation", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) of Singapore published the Proposed Guide on Synthetic Data Generation on 15 July 2024 to explain the uses, risks and good practices for generating structured synthetic data as a Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET). Jointly developed with A*STAR and supported by IMDA, the Guide provides a five‑step approach, case archetypes, and an annexed handbook of technical and governance controls to mitigate re‑identification risks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (OSRA Bill)", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/newsroom/second-reading-opening-speech-by-minister-josephine-teo-on-the-online-safety--relief-and-accountability--bill", "description": "AI law in Singapore: The Online Safety (Relief and Accountability) Bill (OSRA) proposes a new Online Safety Commission (OSC) and Commissioner to provide victims of online harms with speedy administrative remedies, introduce statutory torts for online harms, and enable mechanisms to identify perpetrators. The Bill complements existing criminal and regulatory laws and focuses initially on five prevalent harms with staged expansion to other categories....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "Proposed Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/downloads/Proposed_MGF_Gen_AI_2024.pdf", "description": "Establishes a Model AI Governance Framework addressing generative AI concerns through accountability, data management, trusted development, incident reporting, testing, security, content provenance, safety R&D, and public good. Calls for global collaboration to balance innovation with responsible AI use.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-04", "title": "Singapore National AI Strategy 2.0", "url": "https://file.go.gov.sg/nais2023.pdf", "description": "Seeks to establish AI as a public good in Singapore; aiming to build excellence and empowerment through industry, government, and research collaboration. Prioritizes infrastructure, talent, and trusted AI governance.", "categories": [ "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Transportation", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 April 2026", "title": "Singapore MAS updates technology risk management guidelines for AI in banking", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg", "description": "The Monetary Authority of Singapore issued updated Technology Risk Management Guidelines with expanded provisions for AI and machine learning systems in banking, including requirements for model validation, data quality, and algorithmic fairness testing.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Standards", "Risk Management" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 November 2025", "title": "Tan Hai Peng Micheal and another", "url": "/documents/1105/2025_SGHC_217.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' closing submissions cited a non-existent authority at paragraph 67; the court found the authority fictitious and disregarded it; counsel later admitted the authority was provided by a colleague and could not identify the AI tool used.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "29 September 2025", "title": "Tajudin bin Gulam Rasul and another v Suriaya bte Haja Mohideen", "url": "/documents/829/Tajudin_v._Mohideen_2025_SGHCR_33.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Fabricated: Case Law | CC cited a non-existent, AI-generated case in the Claimants' Written Submissions (cited at para 49) to support a proposition under the Moneylenders Act; the case was absent from the bundle of authorities and the case name was fabricated while the citation number related to ... Outcome: Costs and order to inform client.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs and order to inform client", "monetary_penalty": "800 SGD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "3 September 2025", "title": "XAI v XAH and another matter", "url": "/documents/779/XAI_v_XAH.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Family Court. Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Father makes reference to the provisions of the Women’s Charter that were in force prior to the 2nd of January 2025 Outcome: Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use", "monetary_penalty": "1000 SGD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "21 January 2020", "title": "Singapore Model AI Governance Framework (Second Edition)", "url": "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg/help-and-resources/2020/01/model-ai-governance-framework", "description": "Singapore's Personal Data Protection Commission and Info-communications Media Development Authority released the second edition of the Model AI Governance Framework, providing detailed and practical guidance for private-sector organisations to responsibly deploy AI at scale. It covers internal governance structures, human oversight in AI decision-making, operations management for AI systems, and stakeholder interaction. The framework translates ethical principles—fairness, transparency, accountability—into concrete, implementable measures that organisations can adopt.", "categories": [ "AI Governance", "Transparency & Explainability", "Risk Management" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "Tan Hai Peng Micheal and another", "url": "/documents/1105/2025_SGHC_217.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' closing submissions cited a non-existent authority at paragraph 67; the court found the authority fictitious and disregarded it; counsel later admitted the authority was provided by a colleague and could not identify the AI tool used. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' closing submissions cited a second non-existent authority at paragraph 68; the court found this authority fictitious as well and declined to repeat the citation; admissions were made that the references originated from the solicitor assisting and the specific AI tool was not identified.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Tajudin bin Gulam Rasul and another v Suriaya bte Haja Mohideen", "url": "/documents/829/Tajudin_v._Mohideen_2025_SGHCR_33.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | CC cited a non-existent, AI-generated case in the Claimants' Written Submissions (cited at para 49) to support a proposition under the Moneylenders Act; the case was absent from the bundle of authorities and the case name was fabricated while the citation number related to an unrelated matter.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs and order to inform client", "monetary_penalty": "800 SGD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "XAI v XAH and another matter", "url": "/documents/779/XAI_v_XAH.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Father makes reference to the provisions of the Women’s Charter that were in force prior to the 2nd of January 2025 || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'AAU v AAT [2015] SGFC 114'; LawNet revealed the citation corresponds to TEI v TEJ [2015] SGFC 114 (a different matter). || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'Chong Yoke Fong v Tan Siew Chin [2014] SGDC 285'; LawNet showed the neutral citation belongs to Public Prosecutor v Quek Keng Siang Billy [2014] SGDC 285. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'UVH v UVI [2019] SGFC 98'; LawNet showed the citation corresponds to VAO v VAP [2019] SGFC 98 (a different divorce matter). || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'WRS v WRT [2018] SGFC 132'; LawNet search revealed there was no such case under that neutral citation/name. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'TBU v TBV [2016] SGFC 98'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to Re TQR [2016] SGFC 98 (different subject). || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'VZO v VZP [2021] SGFC 11'; LawNet revealed the citation corresponds to VOX v VOY [2021] SGFC 11 (different matter). || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'CAF v CAG [2010] SGDC 176'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to Public Prosecutor v Toh Soon Seng [2010] SGDC 176. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'XP v XQ [2005] SGDC 203'; LawNet showed the neutral citation corresponds to KV v KW [2005] SGDC 203 (different matter). || Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Huang v Lee [2018] SGFC' in submissions; LawNet search revealed no such case and the citation is not genuine. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Lee Siew Kuen v Foo [2020] SGFC' in submissions; LawNet search revealed no such case and citation is not genuine. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited 'Re SS 1234/2019' (an application number) which has no published judgment and is not the proper form of Family Court citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father included 'Lim Bee Eng v Teo [20", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Family Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Order to pay costs; Required written declaration of generative AI use", "monetary_penalty": "1000 SGD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "· Implementation and Self-Assessment Guide for Organizations, a companion to the Model AI Governance Framework · Artificial Intelligence Model Risk Ma", "url": "", "description": "· Implementation and Self-Assessment Guide for Organizations, a companion to the Model AI Governance Framework · Artificial Intelligence Model Risk Management, a review of banks' AI management practices · AI In Healthcare Guidelines · Guide on the Use of Generative AI Tools by Court Users · Agentic AI Primer · Starter Kit for Safety Testing of LLM-Based", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Healthcare" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "7 July 2025", "title": "Infocomm Media Development Authority and AI Verify Foundation launched Global AI Assurance Sandbox", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2025/singapore-launches-new-tools-to-help-businesses-protect-data-and-deploy-ai-in-a-trusted-ecosystem", "description": "On 7 July 2025, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and the AI Verify Foundation (AIVF) formally launched the Global Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assurance Sandbox as a continuation of the pilot initiative introduced in February 2025. The Sandbox serves as a global platform for builders or deployers of generative AI (GenAI) applications, not the underlying foundation models, to conduct technical testing in collaboration with specialist testers. The pilot phase paired 17 AI deployers ", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 April 2025", "title": "Cyber Security Agency announced cyber essentials and cyber trust marks were expanded to include cloud security, AI and operational technology", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/csa-s-cyber-essentials-and-cyber-trust-marks-expanded-to-include-cloud-security--artificial-intelligence-and-operational-technology", "description": "On 15 April 2025, the Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) expanded Cyber Essentials and Cyber Trust certification marks. The updated certifications now include coverage of cloud security, artificial intelligence (AI) security, and operational technology (OT) security. The Cyber Essentials mark offers guidance on mitigating common cyber threats related to these technologies, with the aim of making cybersecurity requirements more accessible, particularly for small businesses. The Cyber Trust", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 April 2025", "title": "Ministry of Trade and Industry and Customs issued joint-advisory on export controls on semiconductor and artificial intelligence technologies", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2025/04/Joint-Advisory-Export-controls-on-advanced-semiconductor-and-artificial-intelligence-technologies", "description": "On 4 April 2025, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), in coordination with Singapore Customs, issued a joint advisory on export controls related to semiconductor and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The advisory, issued under the Strategic Goods (Control) Act and the Regulation of Imports and Exports Regulations, aligns with multilateral export control arrangements and United Nations Security Council sanctions. The measure applies to all companies operating in Singapore and is int", "categories": [ "International Trade" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2025", "title": "Monetary Authority, Cyber Security Agency and Police Force issued joint advisory on scams involving digital manipulation", "url": "https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2025/joint-pnr-by-spf-mas-and-csa", "description": "On 12 March 2025, the Singapore Police Force (SPF), Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), and Cyber Security Agency of Singapore (CSA) issued a joint advisory warning businesses about scams involving digital manipulation, particularly deepfake technology. It was highlighted that scammers impersonate high-ranking executives through artificial intelligence (AI) - generated synthetic media, contacting victims through WhatsApp and inviting them to manipulated Zoom calls where they pose as company e", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 February 2025", "title": "Minister for Digital Development and Information released AI safety red teaming evaluation report", "url": "https://www.mddi.gov.sg/media-centre/press-releases/singapore-announces-new-ai-safety-initiatives/", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Minister for Digital Development and Information published the AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge Evaluation Report 2025 at the Global AI Action Summit in France. The evaluation assessed the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across different languages and cultural contexts in the Asia Pacific region. Conducted by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) and Humane Intelligence, the challenge involved over 50 participants from nine countries testing four LLM", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Tan Hai Peng Micheal and another", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1105/2025_SGHC_217.pdf", "date": "3 November 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Tajudin bin Gulam Rasul and another v Suriaya bte Haja Mohideen", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/829/Tajudin_v._Mohideen_2025_SGHCR_33.pdf", "date": "29 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "XAI v XAH and another matter", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/779/XAI_v_XAH.pdf", "date": "3 September 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 166, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "702" }, { "id": "CZ", "title": "Czech Republic", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "UOOU public lawsuit against AVAST regarding alleged violations of data transfer requirements", "url": "https://data.ewatchers.org/protection-des-donnees/republique-tcheque/uoou-decision-n-uoou-01025-20-94-du-14-mars-2023-concernant-la-societe-avast-software-196", "description": "On 16 March 2023, the Czech Data Protection Authority (UOOU) issued a ruling in a public lawsuit against AVAST, alleging violations of data transfer requirements. The UOOU penalized AVAST for allegedly unlawfully sharing personal data of its customers with a third-party company, which contradicted the GDPR. AVAST, a company that offers antivirus programs and browser extensions, collected the browsing history of internet users who installed and used their products. This data was then transferr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-16", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding for Cybersecurity Cooperation between Czech Republic and Israel", "url": "https://nukib.gov.cz/cs/infoservis/aktuality/2069-nove-memorandum-posili-spolupraci-ceska-a-izraele-na-poli-kyberneticke-bezpecnosti/", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the National Cyber and Information Security Authority (NCIS) of the Czech Republic and the Israel National Cyber Directorate (INCD) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen cooperation in the field of cybersecurity. The MoU aims to enhance the cyber resilience of both countries through the exchange of best practices, effective sharing of information and experience, and the provision of internships.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "Data Protection measures in Czechia Electronic Communications Act amendment", "url": "https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/tiskt.sqw?o=8&ct=1084&ct1=5", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the amendment to the Electronic Communications Act enters into force. The amendment establishes that the use of cookies and tracking technologies used to identify users by websites or applications operators will be possible only on the basis of the explicit consent by the user (opt-in principle). The obligation will not apply to necessary cookies or to additional services requested by the user. These modifications mirror the EU rules on privacy requirements for electronic c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 August 2022", "title": "Guide on asset and risk management based on Decree No. 82/2018 outlining security measures", "url": "https://www.nukib.cz/download/publikace/podpurne_materialy/Prvodce%20zenm%20aktiv%20a%20rizik%20dle%20vyhlky%20o%20kybernetick%20bezpenosti.pdf", "description": "On 22 August 2022, the National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB) released a guide on asset and risk management under Decree No. 82/2018 Coll. of 21 May 2018 on Security Measures, Cybersecurity Incidents, Reactive Measures, Cybersecurity Reporting Requirements, and Data Disposal. The first section of the guide presents the legal framework and lists the obligations of entities storing data, including their responsibility to implement preventive security measures. The second section...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 September 2022", "title": "Draft Cybersecurity Law on Vetting Mechanism for Important Infrastructure Suppliers", "url": "https://www.nukib.cz/cs/infoservis/aktuality/1876-zvyseni-bezpecnosti-dodavatelskeho-retezce-pro-strategickou-infrastrukturu-statu-je-v-zajmu-ceske-republiky/", "description": "On 23 September 2022, the Czech National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB) announced that it had been tasked with drafting a cybersecurity bill creating a vetting mechanism for important communication and information infrastructure suppliers. The mechanism would allow the state to exclude high-risk suppliers from strategically important infrastructure based on criteria like foreign state influence and potential for disruptive misuse of technology. The draft bill is expected to be ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 August 2023", "title": "Czech Republic-Slovakia MoU on Cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.nukib.cz/cs/infoservis/aktuality/1935-nukib-a-slovenske-nbu-stvrdily-svou-spolupraci-memorandem/", "description": "On 8 February 2023, the National Cyber and Information Security Agency of the Czech Republic and the National Security Office of Slovakia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cybersecurity. The MoU outlines 17 different areas of cooperation in the form of sharing information, know-how and experience, support in conducting training and education of employees, as well as maintaining and communicating in the case of active cyber threats. Furthermore, the MoU establishes mutual assistanc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Warning Against the Use of TikTok on Devices Accessing Critical Information Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.nukib.cz/en/infoservis-en/news/1942-the-tiktok-app-poses-a-security-threat/", "description": "On 8 March 2023, the National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB) of the Czech Republic issued a warning regarding the potential cyber security threat associated with the installation and use of TikTok, a user-generated content platform for short videos, on devices that access information and communication systems of critical information infrastructure, essential services, and important information systems. The agency has assessed this threat as \"high\", with a likelihood of occurren...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 April 2024", "title": "UOOU investigation into Avast for alleged illegal sales of user data", "url": "https://uoou.gov.cz/novinky/vse/uoou-ulozil-pokutu-351-mil-kc-za-poruseni-gdpr", "description": "On 15 April 2024, the Czech Office for Personal Data Protection (UOOU) imposed a fine of CZK 351 million on Avast Software for the unauthorised processing of personal data of its antivirus program and browser extensions users during part of 2019. Avast was found to have transmitted the pseudonymised Internet browsing history of approximately 100 million users to Jumpshot under the pretence of trend analysis. However, the data was not adequately anonymised, leading to potential re-identificati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 August 2024", "title": "Office for the Protection of Personal Data Methodology for Camera Systems", "url": "https://uoou.gov.cz/novinky/vse/nova-metodika-uradu-ke-kamerovym-systemum", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Office for the Protection of Personal Data announced the adoption of a methodology for the design and operation of camera systems from the perspective of processing and protection of personal data. The methodology applies to both recording and online camera systems involved in personal data processing. It aims to guide administrators, processors of personal data, and camera system suppliers in their obligations. While it is not a substitute for compliance with the Gene...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 February 2024", "title": "Czech government designation of digital services coordinator under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.mpo.cz/en/guidepost/for-the-media/press-releases/the-czech-telecommunications-office-will-supervise-the-digital-economy--276303/", "description": "On 17 February 2024, the Czech government implemented an order implement the DSA and to designate the Czech Telecommunications Office (CTU) as the Digital Services Coordinator. This decision is in line with the new European rules under the Digital Services Act, which requires member states to appoint national Digital Services Coordinators by 17 February 2024. The CTU will be responsible for supervising and enforcing these new rules. In addition to overseeing the Digital Services Act, the CTU ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "Joint Statement on E-Commerce Applications", "url": "https://nukib.gov.cz/cs/infoservis/aktuality/2154-spolecne-prohlaseni-k-e-shopovym-aplikacim/", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the National Cyber and Information Security Agency (NÚKIB) and the Office for Personal Data Protection issued a joint statement on e-commerce applications which require non-standard permissions and may collect excessive user personal data. The authorities warn users to be careful when granting permissions beyond those needed for the proper functioning apps. Further, the authorities advise users to read privacy policies before granting permissions and point to the existence ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2024", "title": "Recommendation on the Status of Data Protection Officers", "url": "https://uoou.gov.cz/novinky/vse/doporuceni-uoou-c-022024-k-postaveni-poverencu-pro-ochranu-osobnich-udaju", "description": "On 12 August 2024, the Czech Office for Personal Data Protection published its Recommendation on the Status of Data Protection Officers. Specifically, the Office responds to a trend in both public and private sector institutions which sees the outsourcing of personal data protection officer duties. In its Recommendation, the Office calls on organisations to carefully weigh up their options and not to underestimate the difficulty and complexity of the data protection officer's tasks. Additiona...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Act on Cybersecurity (Zákon o kybernetické bezpečnosti), No. 264/2025 Sb.", "url": "https://nukib.gov.cz/cs/kyberneticka-bezpecnost/regulace-a-kontrola/", "description": "AI law in Czech Republic: Act No. 264/2025 Sb. modernises Czech cybersecurity law by transposing the EU NIS2 Directive into national law. It expands the scope of regulated entities across critical sectors, establishes a self‑identification and registration regime through NÚKIB, imposes risk‑management and incident‑reporting obligations, and creates enforcement measures including administrative fines and coercive penalties....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Committee for Artificial Intelligence (Výbor pro umělou inteligenci) — governmental coordinating body (MPO)", "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/cz/podnikani/digitalni-ekonomika/umela-inteligence/", "description": "AI law in Czech Republic: The Committee for Artificial Intelligence (Výbor pro umělou inteligenci) is an inter‑sectoral coordinating body convened by the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade (MPO) to align national AI policy, support implementation of the EU AI Act, and coordinate stakeholders across government, industry and research. It operates as a policy and coordination forum rather than a primary enforcement regulator, providing recommendations, preparing implementation steps and advising on national AI strategy and action plans....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Adaptation Act to Implement the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Adaptační návrh zákona o umělé inteligenci) — draft national AI law", "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/cz/rozcestnik/pro-media/tiskove-zpravy/mpo-pripravilo-navrh-zakona-o-umele-inteligenci--cilem-je-vytvorit-co-nejlepsi-prostredi-pro-rozvoj-ai-v-cesku--289653/", "description": "AI law in Czech Republic: A concise, minimalist draft adaptation law prepared by the Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade (MPO) to implement the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). The draft defines national institutional roles (notifying authority, market surveillance bodies), creates a national regulatory sandbox and sets procedural, language and reporting details needed for domestic enforcement while largely relying on the EU Regulation for substantive rules....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Action Plan of the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2030 (NAIS) for 2025 (Implementační plán programu Digitální Česko / Akční plán NAIS 2025)", "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/cz/podnikani/digitalni-ekonomika/vlada-cr-schvalila-akcni-plan-narodni-strategie-umele-inteligence-cr-2030-pro-rok-2025--287000/", "description": "AI law in Czech Republic: The Action Plan (Akční plán NAIS 2025) is the 2025 implementation package of the Czech National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2030 (NAIS), adopted as part of the Implementační plán programu Digitální Česko and approved by the Government of the Czech Republic on 2 April 2025. It allocates circa CZK 19 billion to project-level initiatives across seven strategic AI priority areas (research & innovation, education, labour-market skills, legal & ethical aspects, security, industry, and public administration) and sets a governance, monitoring and funding framework to accelerate trusted AI adoption in the public and private sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Czech Republic (2019)", "url": "https://mpo.gov.cz/assets/en/guidepost/for-the-media/press-releases/2019/5/NAIS_eng_web.pdf", "description": "AI law in Czech Republic: The National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS) adopted by the Government of the Czech Republic in May 2019 sets out national priorities to develop AI research, foster industry adoption, ensure ethical and secure AI, and position the Czech Republic as a European AI hub. It establishes coordination mechanisms, short-, medium- and long-term objectives and tools across seven priority chapters ranging from research concentration and financing to legal/ethical aspects and international cooperation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2025", "title": "YK v. The High State Prosecutor's Office in Prague)", "url": "/documents/916/3_As_34_2025-_80_-_text.pdf", "description": "Lawyer appeared before the Supreme Administrative Court. Fabricated: Case Law | Court found several referenced decisions do not exist (fabricated case citations).", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Administrative Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "YK v. The High State Prosecutor's Office in Prague)", "url": "/documents/916/3_As_34_2025-_80_-_text.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found several referenced decisions do not exist (fabricated case citations). || False Quotes: Case Law | Court verified quoted excerpts and concluded none of the cited passages appear in the referenced decisions (misattributed/false quotations).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "Supreme Administrative Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "YK v. The High State Prosecutor's Office in Prague)", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/916/3_As_34_2025-_80_-_text.pdf", "date": "15 October 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 20, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "203" }, { "id": "HK", "title": "Hong Kong", "entries": [ { "date": "10 August 2021", "title": "Doxxing Regulation in Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486)", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20211008.html", "description": "The Personal Data (Privacy) (Amendment) Bill 2021 has come into force on 8 October 2021. The law sets to (i) criminalise doxxing acts; (ii) empower the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data to conduct criminal investigations and prosecute doxxing cases; and (iii) confer on the Commissioner powers to demand the removal of doxxing content from online platforms. In general, the Ordinance establishes a data protection framework, including prohibiting data users from contravening its data protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 August 2021", "title": "Data protection considerations in AI ethical development guidance", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/guidance_ethical_e.pdf", "description": "The Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, responsible for ensuring the privacy protection of individuals, has published a set of guidelines in its Guidance on Ethical Developmet and Use of AI. The Guidance contains practical advice for AI developers on the use of personal data in the development and training of AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 September 2021", "title": "Hong Kong: PCPD issues FAQ guidelines on EU New SCCs", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/data_privacy_law/eu/files/eu_faq.pdf", "description": "On 14 September 2021, the Hong Kong Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) has issued a set of FAQs to provide advice to entities affected by the European Union's new Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) for data transfers outside the EU, which were adopted by the European Commission on 27 June 2021. The FAQs provide information on which Hong Kong-based entities may be affected by the SCCs, and what the scope of the obligations under the SCCs are. Notably, even companies t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2021", "title": "PCPD guidance on cross-border data transfer under PIPL", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/tc_chi/news_events/newspaper/newspaper_20211229.html", "description": "On 29 December 2021, the Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) has published an article containing guidance for Hong Kong-based companies operating under mainland jurisdiction regarding cross-border data transfers under mainland China's Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL). The article points out the legal requirements of cross-border data transfers (consent, security and impact assessment, certification, data transfer contract), additional requirements for certain cat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 December 2022", "title": "Guidance on Recommended Model Contractual Clauses for Cross-Border Personal Data Transfers", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/guidance_model_contractual_clauses.pdf", "description": "On 12 May 2022, the Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) issued its Guidance on Recommended Model Contractual Clauses for Cross-border Transfer of Personal Data. The Guidance contains two sets of Recommended Model Contractual Clauses (RMCs) for use in two cross-border data transfer scenarios: the transfer of data from one data user to another; and the transfer of data from data user to data processor. Furthermore, the Guidance outlines the applicable rules for cross-border ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 June 2022", "title": "Isreal-Hong Kong trial on Central Bank Digital Currency Cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/press-releases/2022/06/20220617-3/#1", "description": "On 16 June 2022, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), the Bank of Israel and the Bank for International Settlements Innovation Hub (BISIH) Hong Kong Centre, announced a collaboration to test the cybersecurity of a two-tier retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). The project will focus on data security in a two-tier retail CBDC architecture where the intermediaries have no financial exposure and is expected to be completed by the end of 2022.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 October 2022", "title": "Hong Kong Cybercrimes Regulations", "url": "https://www.hkreform.gov.hk/en/news/newsXML.htm?newsDate=20220720&selectedSubSection=14&jumpToDetails=y#newsDetails", "description": "On 19 October 2022, the Sub-Committee on Cybercrime of the Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong closed its consultation on cyber-dependent crimes and jurisdictional issues. The paper proposes new cybercrime legislation to cover five new types of cyber crimes, such as unauthorised access to programmes or data, unauthorised interception, disclosure or use of computer data for criminal or dishonest purposes. In addition, the document proposes the reorganisation of the offence of computer misuse, i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Guidance on Data Breach Handling and Data Breach Notifications", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/guidance_note_dbn_e.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) adopted a Guidance on Data Breach Handling and Data Breach Notifications. The Guidance aims to offer support in preventing the recurrence of data breaches and limit loss and damage to data subjects, especially when personal data is involved. In the Guidance, personal data and data breaches are defined, and common causes of data breaches in Hong Kong are listed. Furthermore, the Guidance outlines steps for preparing a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2023", "title": "Guideline to Strengthen Data Security", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20230922.html", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) issued a guideline to strengthen organisational data security measures in response to recent cyber attacks resulting in personal data leaks. These guidelines emphasise the necessity of regular data security assessments and the implementation of comprehensive security measures including secure network systems, consistent vulnerability assessments, effective patch management, data encryption, and diligent data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 December 2023", "title": "Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data Investigation of Carousell for Unauthorised Scraping of Users' Personal Data", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/enforcement/commissioners_findings/files/r23_0665_e.pdf", "description": "On 21 December 2023, the Hong Kong Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) closed its investigation of Carousell for unauthorised scraping of its users' personal data. The PCPD found Carousell had deficient assessment procedures and data safeguarding policies in place during a system migration in January 2022, resulting in a data breach affecting over 320'000 Hong Kong users and 2.6 mln Carousell users worldwide. The PCPD has issued an enforcement notice to Carousell, directing them to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 August 2024", "title": "Safeguarding National Security Bill implementing Basic Law Article 23 Legislation", "url": "https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2024/english/bills/b202403081.pdf", "description": "On 8 March 2024, the Safeguarding National Security Bill implementing Article 23 of the Basic Law was introduced in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). The Bill covers the government's constitutional duty to safeguard national security, recommendations on offences, and measures to give proportionate extraterritorial effect to some offences. The Bill addresses risks posed by new information technologies and would classify actions endangering national secur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "HKMA Guidance on Provision of Custodial Services for Digital Assets", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/doc/key-information/guidelines-and-circular/2024/20240220e4.pdf", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) guidance on the provision of custodial services for digital assets enetred into force. The guidance applies to authorised institutions (AIs) and subsidiaries of locally incorporated AIs that conduct digital asset custodial activities. The AIs are required to inform the HKMA of their intention to provide digital asset custodial services and must be compliant with the standards and requirements. The guidance, aimed at AIs interested in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 February 2024", "title": "PCPD investigation into Cyberport's data breach incident", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20240402.html", "description": "On 2 April 2024, the Privacy Commission for Personal Data (PCPD) ruled in an investigation into a data breach incident at Cyberport caused by a ransomware attack. This breach compromised the personal information of over 13'000 individuals, including unsuccessful job applicants and former employees. Cyberport's deficiencies included inadequate detection measures, failure to implement multi-factor authentication, insufficient security audits, vague information security policies, and unnecessary...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 November 2024", "title": "Organisational requirements in PCPD Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20240611.html", "description": "On 11 June 2024, the Hong Kong Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) adopted the Artificial Intelligence: Model Personal Data Protection Framework, including organisational requirements. The framework aims to assist organisations in formulating their AI strategies and governance structures, including the creation of an AI governance committee and the provision of AI-related training for employees. The framework is designed to ensure that organisations comply with the Per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 January 2024", "title": "PCPD outline on combating fraud involving AI deepfake technology", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20240801.html", "description": "On 1 August 2024, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data of Hong Kong (PCPD) issued an outline on combating fraud involving Artificial Intelligence (AI) deepfake technology. The outline emphasised that PCPD received nearly 600 enquiries related to fraud in the first half of 2024, a 90% increase from the previous year. The outline noted that various tactics used to deceive individuals include hijacking instant messaging accounts to impersonate victims and send fraudulent messages, creatin...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 March 2024", "title": "PCPD Reminder regarding personal data use by LinkedIn for training AI models", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20241003.html", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) issued a reminder to users regarding LinkedIn's recent privacy policy update, which allows the use of users' personal data and content to train generative AI models for content creation. This policy update sets consent to use personal data for such purposes by default. LinkedIn users are advised to understand the policy and review their privacy settings, and are reminded of their ability to opt-out by adjusting...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "Extended GBA standard contract facilitation measure enabling cross-boundary data flow", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20241101.html", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Digital Policy Office of Hong Kong (DPO) adopted the extension of the facilitation measures of the standard contract for the cross-border flow of personal information within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) to all sectors in Hong Kong. The contract previously applied to banking, credit referencing, and healthcare and is now extended to all sectors handling cross-border data flows within the GBA. The contract provides a framework to promote digital i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "SFC circular to licensed corporations on use of generative AI models in financial sector", "url": "https://apps.sfc.hk/edistributionWeb/gateway/EN/circular/intermediaries/supervision/doc?refNo=24EC55", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) issued a circular addressing the use of generative AI models by licensed corporations (LCs) in the financial sector. The circular outlines obligations for LCs to manage potential risks associated with the use of AI models. LCs must ensure robust governance and oversight, with senior management held accountable for policies, procedures, and staffing associated with AI use. LCs are also responsible for model risk management, parti...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 November 2024", "title": "PCPD inquiry into data collection practices of online travel platforms' compliance with privacy laws", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20241118.html", "description": "On 18 November 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) issued a report titled “A Study of the Collection of Personal Data by 10 Online Travel Platforms.” The report reviewed the data practices of ten travel platforms including Agoda, EGL Tours, Expedia and Goldjoy Holidays, among others. The report aimed to assess compliance with privacy laws, including the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, and to evaluate transparency and data handling practices. The report s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 September 2025", "title": "PCPD updated guidance on cloud computing", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/IL_cloud_e.pdf", "description": "On 9 January 2025, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) issued an updated guidance on cloud computing to help organisations protect personal data privacy. The guidance covers technological developments and provides recommendations on service and deployment models, standard services and contracts, and outsourcing arrangements. Additionally, the guidance advises implementing robust logging, appropriate user configuration, encryption for data in transit and at rest, m...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Securities and Futures Commission investigation into licensed corporations's compliance with cybersecurity obligations", "url": "https://apps.sfc.hk/edistributionWeb/gateway/EN/news-and-announcements/news/doc?refNo=25PR15", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) concluded its 2023/24 thematic cybersecurity review of licensed corporations (LC) in Hong Kong. The review assessed compliance with existing cybersecurity requirements, focusing on emerging risks such as phishing attacks, end-of-life (EOL) software, and third-party provider management. The SFC surveyed 50 LCs of various sizes and business types, conducted on-site inspections of seven internet brokers, and held discussions with si...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Protection of Critical Infrastructures (Computer Systems) Ordinance (Ordinance No. 4 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr2025/english/subleg/negative/2025ln144-e.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Legislative Council's Protection of Critical Infrastructures (Computer Systems) Ordinance (Ordinance No. 4 of 2025) including cybersecurity regulation enters into force following designation by the Secretary for Security. The Ordinance establishes cybersecurity obligations for operators of critical infrastructures, including infrastructure that is essential to the continuous provision of certain essential services or which, if damaged, would hinder or substantially affe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data investigation into Grok over alleged generation of indecent content", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20260115.html", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) announced that it is proactively contacting the organisation responsible for the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot Grok to investigate its potential for generating indecent or malicious content. The PCPD expressed concern regarding reports that the chatbot could be utilised to produce indecent photos and videos, which may contravene the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO) and its 6 Data Protection Prin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 March 2026", "title": "Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data's inquiry into security risks related to use of OpenClaw and other agentic AI", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20260316.html", "description": "On 16 March 2026, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data issued an alert cautioning about the privacy and security risks posed by OpenClaw and other agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. It highlighted that, unlike standard AI chatbots, agentic AI holds elevated access to local files, emails, account credentials, and browser-stored content, and can autonomously execute multi-step tasks without real-time user involvement, creating heightened risks of data breaches, malicious system...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 March 2026", "title": "Hong Kong - LCQ6: Regulation and Development of AI Technology", "url": "https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202603/18/P2026031800419.htm", "description": "The Hong Kong government, aligning with the National 15th Five-Year Plan, is accelerating AI industrialization while emphasizing safe, ethical, and responsible use. The government is developing governance measures for AI in Hong Kong.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Industrial Development", "Ethics" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Ethical Artificial Intelligence Framework", "url": "https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/doc/Ethical_AI_Framework.pdf", "description": "AI law in Hong Kong: The Ethical Artificial Intelligence Framework is a government-issued guidance document developed to help Hong Kong government bureaux/departments (B/Ds) and other organisations adopt AI and big data analytics responsibly. It sets out 12 ethical principles, an AI governance structure, lifecycle practices and an AI Application Impact Assessment template to identify, manage and mitigate ethical, privacy and security risks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Smart City Blueprint for Hong Kong 2.0", "url": "https://www.smartcity.gov.hk/modules/custom/custom_global_js_css/assets/files/HKSmartCityBlueprint%28ENG%29v2.pdf", "description": "AI law in Hong Kong: The Smart City Blueprint for Hong Kong 2.0 (Blueprint 2.0) is the Hong Kong SAR Government's 2020 strategic update setting out over 130 initiatives across six smart areas to accelerate digital infrastructure, public services modernisation and the use of I&T (innovation & technology), including a new chapter on the use of I&T to combat COVID-19. The Blueprint is a policy strategy and implementation roadmap led by the Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau and supported by the Smart City portal and related agencies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Hong Kong Generative Artificial Intelligence Technical and Application Guideline", "url": "https://www.digitalpolicy.gov.hk/en/our_work/data_governance/policies_standards/ethical_ai_framework/", "description": "AI law in Hong Kong: Hong Kong's Digital Policy Office issued the GenAI Technical and Application Guideline on April 15, 2025, providing practical guidance for safe and responsible generative AI use....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 August 2025", "title": "Licksun Company Limited v Occupiers of Lot No. 552", "url": "/documents/1279/Licksun_Hong_Kong_8_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant appeared before the District Court. Fabricated: Case Law | One of six authorities lodged by the Plaintiff was found not to exist; court described it as suspiciously incomplete and the Plaintiff abandoned reliance.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "District Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Yu Hon Tong Thomas v Centaline Property Agency", "url": "/documents/1278/Yu_Hon_Tong_Thomas_v_Centaline_Property_Agency_Limited_Hong_Kong_16_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Pro Se Litigant used Unidentified in proceedings before the High Court. Misrepresented: Case Law | Application and Addendum contained citations to Canadian court cases assembled by AI; court held those authorities to be inapplicable to Hong Kong law on Employment Ordinance s70.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "Licksun Company Limited v Occupiers of Lot No. 552", "url": "/documents/1279/Licksun_Hong_Kong_8_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One of six authorities lodged by the Plaintiff was found not to exist; court described it as suspiciously incomplete and the Plaintiff abandoned reliance. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second lodged authority was found not to exist; court noted counsel for 2nd Defendant had identified six non-existent authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | A third lodged authority was found to be non-existent or incomplete; Plaintiff's representative did not contradict the point at hearing. || Fabricated: Case Law | A fourth lodged authority was identified as not actually existing; Court recorded unnecessary time spent researching nonexistent cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | A fifth lodged authority was found to be suspiciously incomplete/non-existent; Plaintiff said the list was prepared by a non-legally trained employee. || Fabricated: Case Law | A sixth lodged authority was found not to exist; Court concluded the lodging of these authorities had the effect of misleading the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "District Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "title": "Yu Hon Tong Thomas v Centaline Property Agency", "url": "/documents/1278/Yu_Hon_Tong_Thomas_v_Centaline_Property_Agency_Limited_Hong_Kong_16_February_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Application and Addendum contained citations to Canadian court cases assembled by AI; court held those authorities to be inapplicable to Hong Kong law on Employment Ordinance s70. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | AI-generated grounds alleged serious criminal conduct (forgery, theft, conspiracy to defraud, money laundering, ballot-fixing) based on purported transcripts (Exhibits C43(1)-(19)); court found these allegations baseless and 'piled up' by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "High Court", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "title": "Hong Kong aims to balance AI innovation with responsibility, creating a contextual governance framework built for local characteristics", "url": "", "description": "Hong Kong aims to balance AI innovation with responsibility, creating a contextual governance framework built for local characteristics. The region governs AI through existing sectoral law and various governance frameworks. These include: · The Ethical AI Framework · Guidance on the Ethical Development and Use of AI · AI: Model Personal Data Protection Framework · Checklist on Guidelines for the Use of Generative AI by Employees · Generative AI Technical and Application Guideline", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Licksun Company Limited v Occupiers of Lot No. 552", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1279/Licksun_Hong_Kong_8_August_2025.pdf", "date": "8 August 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Yu Hon Tong Thomas v Centaline Property Agency", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1278/Yu_Hon_Tong_Thomas_v_Centaline_Property_Agency_Limited_Hong_Kong_16_February_2025.pdf", "date": "26 February 2025", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 35, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "344" }, { "id": "BS", "title": "The Bahamas", "entries": [ { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Marcus Groesser and Ira Hess v. Robert Phelps Herman", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/658/Gruesser-Judgment.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the Supreme Court of The Bahamas. Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent Kelly v Rolle cited in oral submissions; court confirmed the case does not exist and the citation led to an unrelated decision (Hall v The Attorney General). Outcome: Overall issue of hallucination referred to the bar; Order to bear costs.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court of The Bahamas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Overall issue of hallucination referred to the bar; Order to bear costs", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "044" }, { "id": "ZW", "title": "Zimbabwe", "entries": [ { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Pulserate Investments v. Andrew Zuze and Others", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com", "description": "Lawyer used Unidentified in proceedings before the Supreme Court. Outcome: N/A.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "Supreme Court", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "N/A", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "716" }, { "id": "PG", "title": "Papua New Guinea", "entries": [ { "date": "9 May 2025", "title": "Peter Gilmai v Abel Tol & Ors", "url": "https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1018/OS_No_279_of_2024_-_Gilmai_v_Tol__Ors_250509_145925_1.pdf", "description": "Lawyer used ChatGPT in proceedings before the National Court of Justice at Lae. Fabricated: Case Law | Written submissions cited a non-existent case 'Application by Herman Leahy [2000] PNGLR 276'; court searches (PacLII, vLex) found no record and counsel later admitted it was generated by ChatGPT. Outcome: Referral to Public Solicitor and PNG Law Society; Order to show cause.", "categories": [ "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Generative AI", "Liability & Accountability" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": true, "court": "National Court of Justice at Lae", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to Public Solicitor and PNG Law Society; Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "598" }, { "id": "JP", "title": "JP", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-02-09", "title": "Japan Fair Trade Commission investigation into Apple's App Store for anti-competitive guidelines", "url": "https://www.jftc.go.jp/houdou/pressrelease/2021/sep/210902.html", "description": "On 2 September 2021, after an investigation period that began in October 2016, the Japanese Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) closed its investigation into Apple for anti-competitive App Store practices, since it received several assurances on changes being implemented by Apple regarding its App Store practices. Before, Apple's mobile operating system only let users sign into their accounts, not allowing them to set up new accounts or manage existing ones, e.g. making new subscriptions, within the...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-24", "title": "Data protection measures in Enforcement Rules for the amended Japan Act on Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/personalinfo/legal/kaiseihogohou/", "description": "The Personal Information Protection Commission issues the Enforcement Rules for the amended APPI. The enforcement rules specify rules for data breach notification, data pseudonymization, provision of data to third parties, cross-border data transfers and public disclosure.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-06-23", "title": "Guidance on opt-out notifications based on the amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/personalinfo/legal/optout/", "description": "The Japanese Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) announced the release of its guidance on opt-out notifications based on the amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI).\nThe opt-out method is a method of providing personal data to a third party without obtaining the consent of the person concerned on the condition that the provision of information ceases upon the person's request. \nThe PPC clarified that the scope of the opt-out procedure is not limited to list t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Data protection regime in US-Japan Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/japan/Agreement_between_the_United_States_and_Japan_concerning_Digital_Trade.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2020, the US-Japan digital trade agreement enters into full force. Article 15 of the Agreement requires the two countries to adopt a legal framework that protects the personal information of the users of digital trade. Moreover, the Parties should encourage the development of interoperability mechanisms between their different regimes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-28", "title": "Japan Governance Guidelines for the Practice of AI Principles", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/01/20220125001/20220124003.html", "description": "The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry published the second version (1.1) of the \"Guidelines for the Practice of Artificial Intelligence Principles\" following the public consultation. The guidelines contain Artificial Intelligence governance rules to plan risk analysis, select appropriate goals, and pursue ex-post evaluations. Particularly, the document analyses risks and opportunities of AI, social acceptance of AI systems, and suggests measures to limit the impact of incident...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-04", "title": "Guidelines for the protection of personal information in the financial field", "url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/news/r3/sonota/20220324-3/20220324-3.html", "description": "On 1 April 2022, the Financial Services Agency has implemented the revised version of Guidelines for the protection of personal information in the financial field and its corresponding Questions & Answers. These updates ensure that the guidelines are in line with the associated guidelines of the \"Act on the Protection of Personal Information\" (Act No. 57 of 2003 as amended in 2015) and the Personal Information Protection Commission.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-13", "title": "Japan-Singapore Cooperation on Cybersecurity, Digital Economy and AI", "url": "https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2022/7/joint-ministerial-statement-by-mci-and-japan-mic-2022", "description": "On 13 July 2022, Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Singapore's Ministry of Communications and Information issued a joint statement on the Further Promotion of Cooperation in the Field of Information and Communication Technology. The joint statement builds on a Memorandum of Cooperation issued by the ministries in July 2021. In the joint statement, the ministries announce their intentions to further cooperation, particularly regarding 5G technology, AI governance coll...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-20", "title": "Amended Enforcement Rules for 2022 Amendment of the Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban08_03000381.html", "description": "On 20 July 2022, the public consultation on the proposed revisions of Enforcement Rules of the Telecommunications Business Law issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIAC) of Japan closes. In its draft, the MIAC proposed revisions to the Enforcement Rules to correspond to the 2022 Amendment of the Telecommunications Business Act promulgated on 17 June 2022, regarding the information telecommunication services providers have to include in notifications to users and auth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-17", "title": "Japan and Thailand Memorandum of Understanding on information communications and digital technology", "url": "https://www.mdes.go.th/news/detail/9045-ดีอี-หารือทวิภาคีไทย-ญี่ปุ่น-ร่วมรับมือการเปลี่ยนแปลงด้านดิจิทัล-ภายใต้ความร่วมมือ-MOC", "description": "On 17 January 2025, Japan and Thailand announced expansion of Memorandum of Understanding on information communications and digital technology. Thailand’s Ministry of Digital Economy and Japan’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications highlighted potential new areas of collaboration, including 3D printing and artificial intelligence. They also highlighted support for start-ups in gaming and entertainment, and digital skills development. Thailand highlighted its readiness to serve as a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-09-21", "title": "Data protection investigation into BIPROGY", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/220921_houdou.pdf", "description": "On 21 September 2021, Japan’s Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) issued guidance to the company BIPROGY following an investigation that found violations of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI) in relation to the security of handling of information. In particular, the PPC found the company was not complying with sensitive personal data handling obligations. The PPC recommended that the company implement prevention security measures in the handling of informati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-06-12", "title": "METI Cybersecurity Management Guidelines", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=595222069&Mode=0", "description": "On 6 December 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) closed its public consultation on a draft version of the updated Cybersecurity Management Guidelines (V3.0). The draft Guidelines apply to Japanese companies and provide guidance on implementing general cybersecurity measures, such as a risk management system, safeguards, incident response, and supply chain security. Compared to the previous version, the draft Guidelines contain, among other points, updated guida...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-12", "title": "Data protection authority governance in UK-Japan Digital Partnership", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-japan-digital-partnership/uk-japan-digital-partnership", "description": "On 7 December 2022, the United Kingdom and Japan announced the launch of a Digital Partnership, including commitments to increase collaboration between the Data Protection Authorities (DPA). The parties aim to provide regulatory clarity regarding data protection obligations to the private sector. Furthermore, the DPA will cooperate in setting standards regarding user-centred design and design systems obligations, digital procurement reform and government cloud services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-01", "title": "Investigation into a company for violations of Act on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/press/2023/230111/", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) concluded an investigation against a company for violating the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI). The company was found to have unlawfully processed information regarding the bankruptcy status of some customers, which could result in financial discrimination against the affected individuals. Furthermore, the company failed to properly notify customers and obtain their consent for the disclosure of inf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-04-26", "title": "MIC investigation into LINE regarding allegedly illegal data transfer", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000119.html", "description": "On 26 April 2021, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) provided the LINE messaging app with written guidance concerning the allegedly illegal data transfer on 17 March 2018. The MIC had opened an investigation on 19 March 2021 which included a request for information. After this request was duly fulfilled by LINE on 19 March 2021, the MIC has now released this guidance in light of certain inadequate security control measures. These measures are not only inadequate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-03-17", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Guidelines for Cyber-Physical Security Measures in Building Systems", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=595223012&Mode=0", "description": "On 17 March 2023, the public consultation closed on the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) draft revised \"Guidelines for Cyber-Physical Security Measures in Building Systems, Second Edition\". The guidelines aim to ensure that buildings, considered critical infrastructure, implement cybersecurity measures against cyberattacks. Notably, the revised guidelines outline the main features of system controls, general cybersecurity measures, and incident response procedures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "Revision of Guidelines for Safety Management for Providers of Information Systems and Services Handling Medical Information", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01ryutsu06_02000348.html", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the public consultation closes on the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) Draft Guidelines for Safety Management for Providers of Information Systems and Services Handling Medical Information Version 1.1. The Draft Guidelines aim to update the information and measures the entities have to implement outlined in the 2020 Guidelines on Information Systems Handling Medical Information Safety Management Guidelines for Service Providers due to the increased number...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-01-01", "title": "Data localisation prohibition in US-Japan Digital Trade Agreement", "url": "https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/agreements/japan/Agreement_between_the_United_States_and_Japan_concerning_Digital_Trade.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2020, the US-Japan digital trade agreement entered into force. Article 12 of the Agreement establishes that no party shall require the localisation of computing facilities in a certain territory as a condition for conducting business. Article 13 specifies that this provision also applies to financial service suppliers, as long as the financial regulatory authority of a party is able to access the information on their transactions and operations for regulation and supervision purp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-26", "title": "Cybersecurity cooperation in Japan-US Commercial and Industrial Partnership", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/0527_001.html", "description": "On 26 May 2023, Japan's Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Secretary of Commerce of the United States issued a statement following the second ministerial meeting under the Commercial and Industrial Partnership (JUCIP), announcing their intention to enhance bilateral cybersecurity cooperation. The parties agreed to cooperate to establish policies and strategies for the private and public sectors to ensure the security and resilience of the critical networks and data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-06", "title": "PPC investigation into OpenAI ChatGPT compliance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/careful_information/230602_AI_utilize_alert/", "description": "On 1 June 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) of Japan issued a warning to Open AI, the developer of ChatGPT, following an investigation into its compliance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI). The PPC stated that following the increased use of the AI tool ChatGPT, it issued clarifications regarding APPI provisions OpenAI is required to comply with. In particular, regarding collecting information for machine learning, OpenAI is required to ensu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-15", "title": "Interpretation of AI and Copyright", "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/ai_team/3kai/shiryo.pdf", "description": "On 15 May 2023, the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs published a document on legal interpretations on artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright online after a meeting of the Cabinet Office's AI Strategy Team. The document interpreted the purpose of Japanese copyright law as protecting works that \"creatively express thoughts or emotions\", hence data (facts) or ideas (e.g., an artistic style or manner) were not considered copyrighted works. In the context of AI, the document differentiates...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-26", "title": "ICT Cybersecurity Comprehensive Measures 2023", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01cyber01_02000001_00169.html", "description": "On 26 July 2023, the Japanese Ministry of International Affairs and Communications (MIC) closed its consultation on the \"ICT Cybersecurity Comprehensive Measures 2023\". The Measures are based on the previous year's measures and further studies conducted by the MIC's Cyber Security Task Force. The Measures focus on four areas. Firstly, they strive to ensure the safety and reliability of information and communication networks. Secondly, they aim to improve the ability to autonomously respond to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-10", "title": "Amendment of Enforcement Rules of the Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban05_02000304.html", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications closed the public consultation on the proposed amendments of the Enforcement Rules of the Telecommunications Business Act regarding technical framework conditions for accident reporting systems. In particular, the amended Enforcement Rules would make alterations to incident reporting rules including, for example, the categorisation of accidents significantly affecting user interests as severe accidents to prevent th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-13", "title": "Partial amendment of the Enforcement Regulations of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=240000096&Mode=0", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the Japanese Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) closed its consultation on the draft to partially amend the Enforcement Regulations of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. The draft aims to amend certain provisions of the Enforcement Regulations in response to recent incidents of personal information leaks, including the delineation of circumstances under which interference with the rights and interests of individuals, as defined in Article 7 o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "title": "Artificial Intelligence regulation in US-Japan Partnership for Growth and Innovation", "url": "https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-of-the-japan-u-s-economic-policy-consultative-committee/", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the United States (US) and Japan convened the second ministerial meeting of the Japan-US Economic Policy Consultative Committee (EPCC). The statement includes a commitment to continue advancing the Hiroshima Artificial Intelligence (AI) process together with other Group of Seven (G7) members. In addition, the parties intend to support the efforts of relevant G7 Ministers to organise multi-stakeholder discussions and consultations within the G7. The statement commits to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-14", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in US-Japan Partnership for Growth and Innovation", "url": "https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-of-the-japan-u-s-economic-policy-consultative-committee/", "description": "On 14 November 2023, the United States (US) and Japan convened the second ministerial meeting of the Japan-US Economic Policy Consultative Committee (EPCC). The parties state that the US-led Cybersecurity Business Development Mission to Japan in September 2023 was a success and intend to continue the US-Japan Cyber Dialogue regarding threat assessment and mitigation efforts. The interoperability of Internet of Things (IoT) device labelling systems, currently under development in both countrie...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-19", "title": "AI Business Guidelines", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/04/20240419004/20240419004.html", "description": "On 19 April 2024, the government of Japan published version 1.0 of the AI Business Guidelines. The guidelines aim to promote the safe and reliable use of artificial intelligence (AI) across various sectors and provide a detailed framework for companies that develop, deploy, or use AI systems, outlining measures to mitigate risks while fostering innovation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-20", "title": "Revision of Open Data Basic Guidelines", "url": "https://www.digital.go.jp/news/7290df8a-ea84-4332-8cc0-1fe85e69b599", "description": "On 20 February 2024, the Japanese Central Government closed its consultation on the Revision of the Open Data Basic Guidelines. The Guidelines are a part of the \"Priority Plan for the Realisation of the Digital Society\" and aim to address changes in the social environment and other relevant factors. The revisions made to the text include integrating the \"Guidelines for the Promotion of Open Data by Local Authorities\" into the Basic Guidelines, adding descriptions of digital transformation (D...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-14", "title": "Establishment of Japanese AI Safety Institute", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/02/20240214002/20240214002.html", "description": "On 14 February 2024, the Cabinet Office and the Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) announced the establishment of the AI Safety Institute, an organisation dedicated to studying methods for evaluating the safety of AI. The institute was set up within the IPA, an independent administrative agency, with the cooperation of the Cabinet Office, related ministries, and organisations. The AI Safety Institute will focus on investigations related to safety evaluation, consideration of standa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-29", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission review of Act on Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=240000111&Mode=0", "description": "On 29 July 2024, the Japan Personal Information Protection Commission closes its public consultaiton on the published interim review of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information, focusing on its triennial review. The review follows previous amendments made in 2015, 2020, and 2021 and adheres to the 2020 revision's requirement for a government review every three years. In particular, the review includes the protection of individual rights and interests, effective monitoring and supervi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-20", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications inquiry into ensuring the integrity of information distribution in digital spaces", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=145210331&Mode=0", "description": "On 20 August 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) closes the public consultation on the draft report on ensuring the integrity of information distribution in digital spaces. The report presents the current regulatory frameworks and the voluntary measures implemented by platforms and challenges related to information circulation in the digital space, with a focus on the roles and responsibilities expected of various stakeholders in the processes of \"publication\", \"tr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-08", "title": "Vietnam-Japan Memorandum of Understanding in information and communications sector including digital infrastructure and AI", "url": "https://abei.gov.vn/hoat-dong-su-kien/ky-ket-thoa-thuan-day-manh-hop-tac-thong-tin-va-truyen-thong-giua-viet-nam-va-nhat-ban/118549", "description": "On 6 August 2024, the Vietnamese Ministry of Information and Communications and the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance cooperation in the information and communications sectors. The Memorandum focuses on developing digital infrastructure, promoting Artificial Intelligence, implementing 5G networks with OpenRAN standards, ensuring cybersecurity, combating misinformation, and enhancing digital skills. The Memorandum aims to s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "Beyond 5G Promotion Strategy 2.0", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin03_02000408.html", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) released the Beyond 5G Promotion Strategy 2.0. The Strategy aims to support both the development and implementation of next-generation information and communication infrastructure and strengthening international competitiveness, in view of new technological changes, such as the emergence of AI. The Strategy includes focusing on the development of All-Photonics Network (APN), Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), and Radio A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "title": "AISI guide on evaluation perspectives in Artificial Intelligence safety", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/ai_safety_eval_v1.01_en.pdf", "description": "On 25 September 2024, the AI Safety Institute of Japan (AISI) adopted the guide on evaluation perspectives in Artificial Intelligence safety. The guide applies to organisations involved in the development and provision of AI systems. The guide emphasises key elements for AI safety evaluations, including human centricity, safety, fairness, privacy protection, ensuring security, and transparency. The guide's evaluations on AI Safety focus on determining the suitability of AI systems, particular...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry manual on cross-border Industrial data management", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/01/20250127001/20250127001.html", "description": "On 27 January 2025, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) adopted the manual on cross-border Industrial data management. The manual provides guidance for companies on managing risks associated with international data sharing and utilisation, focusing on non-personal data. It outlines a three-step process for cross-border data management, including risk visualisation, assessment, and implementation of measures. It aims to strengthen industrial competitiveness and facilitate the es...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Contract Checklist for Use and Development of AI", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/02/20250218003/20250218003.html", "description": "On 18 February 2025, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) published a Checklist of Contracts Concerning the Use and Development of AI, aimed at facilitating the practical use of AI across sectors. It provides a checklist to help ensure compliance with regulations, manage risks, and protect intellectual property and personal data. The guide covers various scenarios, including general AI service usage, customisation, and new development, emphasising the importance of thorough ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-03", "title": "Japan Financial Services Agency source on artificial intelligence governance (2025)", "url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp/news/r6/sonota/20250304/aidp.html", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-04-03 for JP concerning Financial Services Agency outline on promoting responsible use of Artificial Intelligence in financial sector. See the linked fsa.go.jp source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Guidelines for procurement and utilisation of generative artificial intelligence in public administration", "url": "https://www.digital.go.jp/news/577ff41c-bb8a-450e-8ead-b59d0189924f", "description": "On 11 April 2025, the Digital Agency of the Japanese Government closes its public consultation on draft guidelines for the procurement and utilisation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within governmental operations. The guidelines aim to facilitate AI adoption while addressing associated risks, with a focus on innovation and efficiency in public administration.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "title": "Act on Development of Related Laws Accompanying Enforcement of Act on Prevention of Damage Caused by Wrongful Acts against Important Computers (Law No. 43 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1DDE176.htm", "description": "On 18 March 2025, the Bill on the Development of the Cyber ​​Response Capability Strengthening Act was passed by the Japanese House of Representatives. The Bill establishes the roles of the Cabinet Cyber Officer and the Cyber Communications Information Supervisory Commission, an independent body overseeing specific cybersecurity activities. Changes to the Police Duties Execution Act grant specialised cybersecurity officers the authority to take preventive measures against cyber threats. They...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-23", "title": "UK-Japan joint statement on data adequacy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-japan-data-adequacy-joint-statement/uk-japan-data-adequacy-joint-statement", "description": "On 23 April 2025, Japan’s Personal Information Protection Commission and the United Kingdom’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology signed a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to promoting free data flows with high standards of protection under the Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT) framework. The arrangement expands the scope of the Japan-UK data adequacy agreement, enhancing protections to cover academia and the public sector. The expansion builds on Japan's 2021 data pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Enforcement Regulations of the Act dealing with Infringement of Rights caused by the Distribution of Information by Specific Telecommunications", "url": "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/504M60000008039", "description": "On 1 April 2025, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) issued an updated Ordinance enforcing the Provider Liability Limitation Act. The Ordinance details procedures for identifying senders of infringing content via specified telecommunications. It lists specific data categories subject to disclosure, including IP address, SIM identifiers, and related timestamps. The Ordinance also mandates public transparency from large-scale service providers regarding their enfo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-28", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry AI Guidelines for Business", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/mono_info_service/ai_shakai_jisso/pdf/20250328_1.pdf", "description": "On 28 March 2025, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry released the AI Guidelines for Business (Version 1.1). The guidelines establish a framework to promote the safe and secure use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in development, provision, and business use. They are structured into 3 main parts: foundational principles, risk-based considerations, and role-specific actions for AI developers, providers, and business us...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission surveys on artificial intelligence, emerging technologies, and personal information protection", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/aboutus/budget/budget_R8/", "description": "On 29 August 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) announced in its Fiscal Year 2026 Budget Request and Priority Measures that it will conduct surveys on artificial intelligence (AI) and other emerging technologies in relation to personal information protection. The PPC indicated that it will monitor domestic and international developments, carry out fact-finding surveys on the use of these technologies, and assess potential risks to personal rights and interests. The fin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-09", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan under AI Act", "url": "https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/103/actions/202509/12jinkoutchinou.html?utm", "description": "On 12 September 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Strategy Headquarters, established under the Artificial Intelligence Act that took full effect on 1 September 2025, held its first meeting at the Prime Minister’s Office. The meeting focused on the operation of the Headquarters and the development of an Artificial Intelligence Basic Plan structured around four policy areas. The first area, “Using AI,” addressed the application of AI in sectors such as elderly care, including nursing robots and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "United States and Japan memorandum of cooperation regarding Technology Prosperity Deal", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/articles/2025/10/u-s-japan-technology-prosperity-deal/", "description": "On 28 October 2025, the Governments of the United States and Japan signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) in Tokyo under the Technology Prosperity Deal. The MOC establishes collaboration in science and technology across several areas, including artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks, the enforcement of protection measures, export promotion, industry standards, and digital well-being. It encompasses high-performance computing, semiconductor and quantum technologies, as well as research, sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection authority governance in Bill amending Act on Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1DE26F2.htm", "description": "On 7 April 2026, the Cabinet approved the draft Bill amending the Act on the Protection of Personal Information and Other Acts and submitted it to the House of Representatives. The Bill applies to both public and private entities handling personal data. It expands the supervisory and enforcement powers of the Personal Information Protection Commission. The Commission may recommend or order personal information handling business operators to take measures, including cessation of violations, no...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-06-29", "title": "Japan gives Minister’s Award to Andrew Wyckoff for his achievements at the OECD", "url": "", "description": "Andrew Wyckoff, Director of the OECD’s Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation, was awarded from Ryota Takeda, the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2020-10-06", "title": "Japan’s AI Utilization Guidelines: an initiative for implementing the OECD AI Principles", "url": "", "description": "Japan’s approach to AI for inclusive growth, sustainable development and wellbeing is consistent with the OECD AI Principles.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Data governance regime in UK-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ukjapan-agreement-for-a-comprehensive-economic-partnership-cs-japan-no12020", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the Agreement for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership between Japan and the UK enters into full force. Article 8.80 requires the parties to adopt and maintain a legal framework that guarantees the protection of the personal information of electronic commerce users. Particularly, the parties should take into account the principles and guidance of relevant international bodies and encourage the development of mechanisms to promote compatibility between the different regimes ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in 2020 Amendment of the Act on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/en/news/archives/2020/20200618/", "description": "On 1 April 2022, the remaining provisions of the amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information become fully effective. On 24 March 2021, the Japanese government issued the effective date for specific provisions in the amended Act on the Protection of Personal Information. The increased penalties came into effect on 12 December 2020 while the rest of the provisions are implemented on 1 April 2022. \nThe Amendment contains rules on both domestic data protection and cross-border data tran...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2021", "title": "Guidelines for the proper handling of specific personal information by business operators and administrative organisations", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/PcmFileDownload?seqNo=0000220422", "description": "The Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) closed the consultation on the amendments to its guidelines for the proper handling of specific personal information by business operators, administrative organisations, as well as local public organisations. The amendments aim to clarify the requirements for a transfer of an employee's personal information from a previous employer to a new employer.\nFor a transfer of personal information the consent of the employee shall be obtained. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 January 2022", "title": "2021 Amendment to Act on the Protection of Personal Information (in Digital Society Formation and Transformation Act)", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/personalinfo/minaoshi/", "description": "On 1 January 2022, the data sharing provision for corporations (Art. 27) of the 2021 Amendment to the Act on the Protection of Personal Information comes into force (through the Digital Society Formation and Transformation Act). Particularly, Article 27 addresses the measures to be adopted when a corporation intends to provide personal data to a (non-foreign) third party. These measures represent a transitional measure concerning data-providing corporations that are mentioned in appendix 2.\nA...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 December 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in Guidance on Data Handling Rules for Platforms", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/PcmFileDownload?seqNo=0000227587", "description": "The consultation on the Guidance on data handling rules for platforms is closed by the Cabinet of Japan's Intellectual Property Strategy Promotion Secretariat on 16 December 2021. In particular, the guidance proposes ways of implementing rules concerning data handling regulation and the adoption of risk analysis policies. The consultation includes the design, implementation and evaluation of rules for platforms, with the aim to implement them by 2025 in the areas of medical care, education, d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 February 2022", "title": "PPC Checkpoints to ensure compliance with amended Law on the Protection of Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/kaiseihogohou_checkpoint/", "description": "On 18 February 2022, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) published a list of checkpoints for small and medium-sized enterprises before the amendments to the Protection of Personal Information Act are enforced. The list outlines the actions that any entity has to take in certain scenarios, including data breaches and cross-border data sharing with third parties. Regarding data breaches, companies are required to report incidents to the PPC and notify the affected individual. R...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2022", "title": "Japan METI Recommendation for strengthening cyber security measures", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/03/20220301007/20220301007.html", "description": "ON 1 March 2022, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI) published recommendations for strengthening the cyber security measures of critical infrastructure companies (and government agencies). Particularly, the document aims to deepen the awareness about cyber attacks and advice on the measures to strengthen the dedicated defences. The METI recommends measures for risk reduction, early detection and response and recovery in case of incident. For instance, the METI recomme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2022", "title": "FSA cybersecurity recommendations for financial institutions", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/03/20220301007/20220301007.html", "description": "On 24 February 2022, the Japanese Financial Service Agency (FSA) released recommendations to strengthen financial institutions' cybersecurity. The recommendations involve measures to reduce risks, detect incidents and recover after incidents. In particular, financial institutions should make personal authentication more complex, understand the vulnerabilities of used ICTs assets and plan data backups and recovery procedures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2021", "title": "Act to Revise Part of the Copyright Act and the Special Provisions on the Registration of Works of Computer Programming", "url": "https://www.bunka.go.jp/english/policy/copyright/amendments_2020/", "description": "On 1 January 2021, the \"Act to Revise Part of the Copyright Act and the Special Provisions on the Registration of Works of Computer Programming\" is implemented in regard to the illegal download of copyright-protected content. The Act defines \"index sites\" and \"index apps\" as the websites and apps that guide the public to content that infringes the copyright of works (also known as \"leech websites\"). The Act establishes that providing a link to infringing content by using an index site or app ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 May 2022", "title": "Japan-Singapore Economic Dialogue (JSED)", "url": "https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2022/05/20220522PM-japan", "description": "On 26 May 2022, the governments of Singapore and Japan announced the establishment of the Japan-Singapore Economic Dialogue (JSED). The exchange will focus on strengthening economic ties, especially Japan's proposal for the Asia-Japan Investing for the Future Initiative, which Singapore has endorsed. It will also entail discussions of current events on a global and regional scale. In addition, the governments signed two memoranda on cooperation on digital government transformation as well as ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 July 2022", "title": "Bill introducing criminal penalty for online insults", "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/houan1/keiji14_00021.html", "description": "On 7 July 2022, the bill to amend the country's Penal Code to impose criminal penalties for \"online insults\" enters into force. The bill was introduced amid rising public concern over cyberbullying and online harassment. According to the amendments of the Penal Code, offenders convicted of online insults could be imprisoned for up to one year, or ordered to pay a fine of JPY 300 000 yen.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 June 2023", "title": "2022 Amendment of Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4176", "description": "On 16 June 2023, the Act amending the Telecommunications Business Law is implemented and comes into effect. The Amendment aims to introduce data privacy protections for users of telecommunications services. The Amendments require telecommunications service providers, including online business operators, social networking service providers and search engine providers, to notify the user in advance or provide opt-out measures concerning the external transmission of user-related information. Fur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 September 2022", "title": "Guidelines for Consumer Protection Rules under the 2022 Amendment of the Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban08_03000388.html", "description": "On 28 September 2022, the revised Guidelines for Consumer Protection Rules under the Telecommunications Business Act were adopted. The guidelines outline the user protection requirements that telecommunications service providers have to implement. In particular, the guidelines clarify the new obligations included in the 2022 Amendment to Telecommunications Business Act. Under the Amendment, it would be mandatory for telecommunications services, including online business operators, social netw...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 October 2022", "title": "Privacy Policy Assessment and Data Mapping Toolkit", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/personalinfo/independent_effort/?fbclid=IwAR1FlCRx8NnCONBjphaC5yP2xSaC9zk7xQtcYJgoPTkRBx_sL0IcXJJb4T4", "description": "On 17 October 2022, the Japan Personal Information Protection Commission published the guidelines and a report on Privacy Policy Assessment (PIA) entitled \"Promoting PIA Efforts - Significance of PIA and points to note in line with implementation procedures\" for businesses that handle personal information. The Commission notes that businesses collecting and storing data have to comply with the privacy by design requirement and outlines the actions that entities could take to ensure compliance...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 November 2022", "title": "METI Guidelines for Cyber and Physical Security Measures for Factory Systems", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/netsecurity/wg1/factorysystems_guideline.html", "description": "On 16 November 2022, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI) published the “Guidelines for Cyber and Physical Security Measures for Factory Systems\" (Ver 1.0). The Guidelines outline security measures for factories in order to ensure the mitigation of risks related to cyberattacks in view of the increased use in factories of connected systems and devices, such as IoT devices and cloud services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2024", "title": "Algorithm design and technical standards in UK-Japan Digital Partnership", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/01/20240116003/20240116003.html", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the second Ministerial Japan-UK Digital Council convened, outlining the advancements and future initiatives in AI authority governance. The collaboration includes the Hiroshima AI Process Comprehensive Policy Framework, which establishes the International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI System, and discussions on AI governance interoperability. The parties also reviewed their respective cooperation in relation to semiconductors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 January 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in UK-Japan Digital Partnership", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/01/20240116003/20240116003.html", "description": "On 16 January 2024, the second Ministerial Japan-UK Digital Council convened, reviewing progress made and outlining the advancements and future initiatives in cybersecurity regulation. The collaboration includes working towards the mutual recognition of schemes for ensuring the security of Internet of Things (IoT) products and joint research and development activities on semiconductors. Further, both parties reviewed actions taken in the past year, including the UK-Japan Cyber Partnership.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Guidance for Sharing and Disclosure of Information on Damage from Cyberattacks", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01cyber01_02000001_00160.html", "description": "On 8 March 2023, the Cybersecurity Council Operation Committee, established under the Cybersecurity Council of Japan, released the Guidance for Sharing and Disclosure of Information on Damage from Cyberattacks. The Guidance offers practical advice to departments responsible for addressing cyber attacks within organisations on how to share information with cybersecurity organizations. The Cybersecurity Council of Japan intends to encourage the use of this guidance among relevant organizations,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2023", "title": "Partial Revision of Supplementary Rules on handling personal data transferred from the EU and UK", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=240000086&Mode=0", "description": "On 27 January 2023, Japan's Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) closed its consultation on its draft Partial Revision of Supplementary Rules on handling personal data transferred from the EU and UK. The Supplementary Rules contain that apply to data processors when handling personal data from the EU and UK under the data transfer adequacy decision. The draft Partial Revision would add the category of \"pseudonymised information\" to the Supplementary Rules, alongside specific oblig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 November 2023", "title": "US-Japan Security Consultative Committee", "url": "https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-of-the-security-consultative-committee-22/", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Governments of the United States and Japan released a Joint Statement of the Security Consultative Committee. The Ministers of both countries highlighted the importance of cybersecurity and information security for their alliance. They agreed to intensify collaboration to address cyber threats. The Ministers welcomed progress in strengthening industrial cybersecurity, including Japan's efforts to establish the Standards on Cybersecurity Measures for Defense Industry. F...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 February 2023", "title": "Cross-border data transfer measures in Japan-Singapore Economic Dialogue (JSED)", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/02/Joint-Media-Statement-Japan-Ministry-of-Economy-Trade-and-Industry", "description": "On 15 February 2023, the governments of Japan and Singapore held the first Japan-Singapore Economic Dialogue and issued a Joint Statement on the areas in which the parties aim to collaborate, including startup ecosystems, enhancing supply chains in the digital age and digital economy. Regarding the startup ecosystems, the parties agreed on collaboration between startups from both countries to drive economic growth, solve social challenges, and lead the way for global innovation. In relation t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 July 2023", "title": "Revision of MHLW Guidelines for Safety Management of Medical Information Systems (Version 6.0)", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=495220397&Mode=0", "description": "On 7 March 2023, the public consultation closed on the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) draft “Guidelines for Safety Management of Medical Information Systems Version 6.0”. The Guidelines outline recommendations for the implementation of cybersecurity measures to ensure the safety of medical information, including the adoption and management of backups, authentication and authority management.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 June 2023", "title": "UK-Japan Joint Statement on ensuring App Security and Privacy", "url": "https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/houdou/20230209securty_privacy.html", "description": "On 6 February 2023, the governments of the UK and Japan issued a Joint Statement on the results of their meeting on bilateral cooperation regarding user protection on apps and app stores. In particular, the parties highlighted the need to identify ways to strengthen the security and privacy of apps and app stores in their respective countries and to work together to share their experiences. During the meeting, the UK shared its expertise in developing the Code of Practice for App Store Operat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 March 2023", "title": "Revisions to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban02_02000477.html", "description": "On 3 April 2023, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications closed public consultations on the proposed revision to the Regulations for Enforcement of the Telecommunications Business Act. Some of the revisions include increasing subsidies for fixed broadband services and basic telecommunications to ensure network stability, improving the security of communication technology especially with regard to the handling of large amounts of user information, and making it mandatory t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 July 2023", "title": "Intellectual Property Strategic Plan 2023", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=095230240&Mode=0", "description": "On 7 April 2023, the public consultation closes on the Japanese Cabinet Office's Intellectual Property Strategy Promotion Secretariat Intellectual Property (IP) Strategic Plan 2023. The priorities of the proposed Plan include developing an IP ecosystem to support the development of startups, IP standards setting, and development of a content strategy in face of growing digitalisation. The content strategy refers to reforms in the existing copyright system to suit increasing digitalisation, bu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 January 2023", "title": "Rules for platform operators' response to illegal and harmful information", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000181.html", "description": "On 26 January 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications closed the consultation on the Rules for platform operators' response to illegal and harmful information such as slander. The rules would require transparency and a proactive stance by providers. Platforms would be required to publish their content moderation policies, including measures taken and complaint handling. Proactivity would be required in preventing infringing information, especially by repeat-offender accounts...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 October 2023", "title": "Revised Telecommunications Business Act Enforcement Regulations and Telecommunications Business Reporting Regulations", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban05_02000285.html", "description": "On 10 April 2023, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications closed its consultation on draft revised Telecommunications Business Act Enforcement Regulations and Telecommunications Business Reporting Regulations . In particular, the Regulations would apply to telecommunications carriers and outline a hierarchy of incidents by significance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 January 2022", "title": "Revision to the Provider Liability Limitation Act", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/d_syohi/ihoyugai.html", "description": "On 1 October 2022, the amended Provider Liability Limitation Act was implemented (Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Senders). The amended Act provides users of online services with the right to request the disclosure of sender information, e.g. regarding comments on social media. A user has the right to request such disclosure when the infringement of their ri...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 August 2021", "title": "Safety Management Guidelines for Providers of Information Systems and Services that Handle Medical Information", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/mono_info_service/healthcare/teikyoujigyousyagl.html", "description": "On 21 August 2021, the “Safety Management Guidelines for Providers of Information Systems and Services that Handle Medical Information\" were adopted. The guidelines contain a non-binding localisation requirement concerning health providers. Medical institutions and providers of medical information systems are recommended to locate medical information within Japan. This extends to “external equipment”, medical records and medical information systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 May 2023", "title": "Revised Guidelines for Personal Information Protection in the Telecommunications Business", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000880997.pdf", "description": "On 18 May 2023, Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications adopted its Revised Guidelines for Personal Information Protection in the Telecommunications Business. The guidelines include data protection standards and requirements for telecommunications providers. In particular, the telecommunications providers are required to provide the specific purpose for collecting and processing data and obtain consumer consent. The specific purpose for collection and processing would be requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 July 2023", "title": "Report on Legal Issues Concerning Metaverse Content", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=095230460&Mode=0", "description": "On 7 May 2023, the public consultation on the Draft \"Summary of Issues Concerning New Legal Issues Concerning Metaverse Content\" issued by the Cabinet Office Intellectual Property Strategy Promotion Secretariat closes. The Draft outlines the challenges and potential aspects which would need to be regulated in the context of the development of the Metaverse to protect users and intellectual property rights. Furthermore, the Draft specifies the possible challenges in enforcing the users' rights...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 January 2023", "title": "Amended APPI Supplementary measures based on the EU Adequacy Arrangement (2023)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52023DC0275#footnote5", "description": "On 1 April 2023, the amendment of the \"Supplementary Rules\" that were established as a result of the adequacy arrangement between the European Commission and Japan entered into force. The amendment stipulates that personal data coming from the EU may only be used for statistical purposes to produce aggregate data and that pseudonymized data shall always be considered personal information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 May 2023", "title": "Guidelines for the Development of Safety Standards for Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=060230418&Mode=0", "description": "On 23 May 2023, the Japanese Cabinet Cyber Security Centre will close a consultation period for public feedback on the draft Guidelines for the Development of Safety Standards for Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure. The draft Guidelines highlight the importance of maintaining the safety and continuity of critical infrastructure services to achieve a secure and safe society. It defines \"safety standards\" as documents that outline the standards and references for judging and acting regard...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 June 2023", "title": "Guidelines Ver3.0 (Draft) for Certification of Information Trust Functions", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01ryutsu06_02000350.html", "description": "On 15 June 2023, Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, together with the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, closed its consultation on the draft \"Guidelines Ver3.0 for Certification of Information Trust Functions\". The guidelines are intended to guide the operation of a voluntary certification scheme promoting trust and reliability to facilitate information sharing in the private sector. The current draft updates the guidelines to include information on handling requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 March 2023", "title": "Report on crime prevention and security about using a camera system with a face recognition function", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/kaoshikibetsu_camera_system.pdf", "description": "On 14 March 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) adopted the report Report on crime prevention and security about using a camera system with a face recognition function, outlining the data protection measures that apply to their use. The Report addresses the use of cameras based on facial recognition technology and security systems and provides information on their background, use and trends. Furthermore, the Report outlines the provisions of the Act on the Protection of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 June 2023", "title": "Research Committee on Platform Services inquiry on measures against illegal and harmful information", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000206.html", "description": "On 6 September 2023, the Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication published the results of the consultation on the Research Committee on Platform Services draft report on direction for future consideration on measures against illegal and harmful information. The working group discussed measures against illegal and harmful information such as defamation and sought opinions on this from 2 June 2023 to Friday 30 June 2023. Furthermore, another public consultation was conducted betwee...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2023", "title": "PPC notice regarding the use of AI services", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/careful_information/230602_AI_utilize_alert/", "description": "On 2 June 2023, Japan's Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) issued a notice regarding the use of generated artificial intelligence (AI) services. The notice outlines the entities handling personal information obligations and guidelines for public bodies and users concerning the use of AI systems. In particular, the PPC stated that entities entering personal information into an AI tool have to ensure that the data is used based on the purpose specified for the data collection and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "Product Safety Pledge", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/06/20230629001/20230629001.html", "description": "On 29 June 2023, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry announced the adoption of the Product Safety Pledge and its signing by seven online marketplace operators. The pledge is based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) policy guidance on consumer product safety and applies to online marketplaces. Among other requirements, online marketplaces commit to taking recalled or unsafe products down from their platform and suspending accounts of malicious users. F...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications investigation into Fujitsu Cloud Technologies Limited", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000200.html", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) published its ruling on the investigation it launched into Fujitsu Cloud Technologies Limited after the company reported multiple information leakage incidents. The MIC confirmed a leak of confidential communications according to Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Telecommunications Business Law (Law No. 86 of 1984), and ordered measures, including guidance to ensure the confidentiality of communications and cyber security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 July 2023", "title": "Guidelines for Formulating Requirements for Systems Handling Important Information", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/07/20230718003/20230718003.html", "description": "On 18 July 2023, the Japanese Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) adopted Guidelines for Formulating Requirements for Systems Handling Important Information. The Guidelines were issued in response to a request from the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry and aim to ensure the stable provision of services. The Guidelines are addressed to telecommunications providers and outline measures that should be implemented during the construction, procurement and operation of systems deal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "Administrative Guidance for Yahoo! Japan", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000203.html", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications issued written administrative instructions to Yahoo! Japan concerning the enforcement of measures aimed at enhancing user awareness and safety management. Yahoo! previously provided search-related data to another company, NAVER Corporation, for development purposes without sufficient notice to affected users. Further, the data was provided in an easily copiable and therefore insecure format. The administrative directives ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 October 2023", "title": "Partial amendment of the General Guidelines on the Personal Information Protection Act (General Guidelines)", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=240000096&Mode=0", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the Japanese Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) closed its consultation on the draft to partially revise the General Guidelines on the Personal Information Protection Act (General Guidelines). The draft outlines significant amendments to the Guidelines, including strengthening the obligations of personal information handlers to prevent the leakage, loss, or damage of personal data. These obligations are to be tailored to the specific nature of the handler's ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 October 2023", "title": "Partial amendment of the Personal Information Protection Act Guidelines (for Checking and Recording on Transfers to Third Parties)", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=240000096&Mode=0", "description": "On 13 October 2023, the Japanese Personal Information Protection Committee (PIPC) closed its consultation on the draft to revise the Personal Information Protection Act Guidelines (for Checking and Recording on Transfers to Third Parties). The draft focuses on the checking and recording obligations of data handlers associated with sharing personal information with third parties. It also provides explanations regarding the criteria for applying these obligations. The obligations hinge on wheth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "21 September 2023", "title": "JFTC inquiry into News Content Distribution", "url": "https://www.jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/yearly-2023/September/230921.html", "description": "On 21 September 2023, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) published its Report on the findings of its News Content Distribution market inquiry. The JFTC conducted a market study in response to changes in news consumption, particularly due to the increasing use of online platforms. The study primarily focused on transactions between News Platform Operators and News Media Operators. The Report highlights concerns about negotiations that could potentially negatively affect competition under t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2023", "title": "NISC Cybersecurity-Related Laws and Regulations Q&A Handbook", "url": "https://security-portal.nisc.go.jp/guidance/law_handbook.html", "description": "On 25 September 2023, the Japanese National Center of Incident Readiness and Strategy for Cybersecurity (NISC) published Version 2.0 of the Cybersecurity-Related Laws and Regulations Q&A Handbook. The Handbook is a comprehensive guide providing an overview of several cybersecurity laws and regulations. The Handbook aims to provide guidance to businesses and individuals in Japan on compliance with cybersecurity regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 May 2023", "title": "Inquiry into intellectual property rights in connection with AI including copyright considerations", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=095230820&Mode=0", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Intellectual Property Strategy Promotion Office (IPSPO) of Japan closed the public consultation on their inquiry into intellectual property rights in connection with Artificial Intelligence (AI). The inquiry, amongst other things, included an evaluation of copyright issues, such as the use of copyrighted materials in AI creation, the recognition of AI-generated works as copyrighted materials, and the assessment of copyright infringements when AI-generated works are used...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 October 2023", "title": "PPC-ICO Memorandum of Cooperation on Personal Information Protection", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/enforcement/cooperation/cooperation/ico_moc/", "description": "On 17 October 2023, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) of Japan and the United Kingdom Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) on Personal Information Protection. The parties agreed to provide information and assistance in investigations and the development of guidelines. Under the MoC, the parties aim to exchange best practices, conduct joint research, and undertake specific projects. The MOC commences upon signing and remains ongoin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2023", "title": "US-Japan Memorandum of Understanding regarding measures against foreign information manipulation", "url": "https://www.state.gov/u-s-signs-memorandum-of-cooperation-with-japan-on-countering-foreign-information-manipulation/", "description": "On 6 December 2023, the US Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to counter foreign information manipulation. The parties intend to cooperate in identifying and and taking measures against foreign information manipulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2024", "title": "Guidelines for Restricted Provision of Data", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=595223067&Mode=0", "description": "On 15 January 2023, the Intellectual Property Policy Office closed the public consultation on the Guidelines for Restricted Provision of Data (revised draft). The draft includes provisions clarifying the definition of restricted provision data, expanding the presumption of use, and procedures in international trade secret infringement cases. The draft clarifies the difference between \"trade secrets\" and \"limited provision data\" and notes that following the enactment of new legislation the “tr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 January 2024", "title": "Confidential Information Protection Handbook", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=595223067&Mode=0", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the Intellectual Property Policy Office closed the public consultation on the draft Confidential Information Protection Handbook. The draft includes provisions clarifying the definition of restricted provision data, expanding the presumption of use, and procedures in international trade secret infringement cases. Furthermore, the draft includes preventive measures to be adopted to ensure the security and protection of \"confidential information\", encompassing trade secrets,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 December 2023", "title": "Platform Competition Promotion Act", "url": "https://www.ftc.go.kr/www/selectReportUserView.do?key=10&rpttype=1&report_data_no=10360", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the Fair Trade Commission (FTC) presented measures to address the anti-competitive practices of dominant platforms and protect small business owners and consumers. The FTC, noting unfair practices by dominant platforms, proposes the \"Platform Competition Promotion Act\" to regulate and ensure effective competition in the platform market. The Act aims to address algorithmic manipulation, self-preferencing, and prohibitions on collaboration with other platforms, including ap...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Agency for Cultural Affairs Inquiry into Adapting Copyright Legislation for AI and ML Development", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=185001345&Mode=0", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Agency for Cultural Affairs closed the consultation on the adaptation of copyright legislation for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The consultation addressed the challenges posed by AI-generated works and the need for legislation to take into account both the rights of creators and the innovative uses of AI. The consultation covered a range of topics, including the technical background of generative AI, the concerns of various stakeholders, and...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 November 2024", "title": "Investigation into NTT Marketing Act ProCX and NTT Business Solutions Corporation regarding data leakage", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/240911_houdou.pdf", "description": "On 11 September 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission of Japan issued an administrative response in the investigation concerning NTT Marketing Act ProCX and NTT Business Solutions for a data leak under the Personal Information Protection Law. The response concerns a data breach at NTT Marketing Act ProCX, where the personal data of 9.28 million customers was misappropriated between 2013 and 2023 by an ex-employee of NTT Business Solutions. The Commission identified deficiencies...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 November 2024", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications inquiry into countering false and misinformation on the Internet", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01ryutsu02_02000380.html", "description": "On 11 March 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) closed the public consultation on the initiatives to counter false and misinformation on the Internet. The initiative is aimed at addressing the rise of new technologies and services, such as generative AI and the metaverse, which have expanded and deepened the digital space, leading to the emergence of new issues regarding misinformation. The inquiry aims to identify response policies and specific measures to ensure ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "Updated Guidelines for the Handling of Specific Personal Information", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/legal/policy/faq/#osirase", "description": "On 1 February 2024, Japan's Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) released an Updated Q&A on Guidelines for the Handling of Specific Personal Information for business operators and in financial services. The Updated Q&A contains information on proxy reporting obligations in the case of fraudulently obtained personal information through phishing websites and the leak reporting obligations of cloud service providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 December 2024", "title": "Spain-Japan cybersecurity collaboration agreement", "url": "https://www.incibe.es/incibe/sala-de-prensa/espana-y-japon-unen-esfuerzos-para-fortalecer-la-ciberseguridad-nivel", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the National Cybersecurity Institute of Spain (INCIBE) and the Coordination Center of the Computer Emergency Response Team of Japan (JPCERT/CC) signed a four-year collaboration agreement to address emerging cybersecurity challenges. The agreement focuses on the exchange of information on cybersecurity incidents detected by both countries and includes a commitment to collaborate on various cybersecurity-related projects. It also provides for the exchange of delegates and v...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 February 2024", "title": "Study Group on Platform Services inquiry into handling of illegal information and user information", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban18_01000220.html", "description": "On 2 February 2024, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications's Study Group on Platform Services closed an inquiry into illegal and harmful information on the Internet and the handling of user information as part of the Third Summary of the Study Group on Platform Services. This inquiry was aimed at a wide range of digital services and was designed to ensure transparency and accountability in the actions taken by platform operators, such as post-removal and account suspensi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "PPC investigation into Docomo and Nexia for alleged data leak", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/press/2023/240215_houdou/", "description": "On 15 February 2024, the Japanese Personal Data Protection Commission (PPC) announced it had issued a guidance concerning NTT DoCoMo, Inc. (Docomo) outsourcing of information management services toNTT Nexia, Inc. (Nexia) under Article 147 of the Personal Data Protection Act. The PPC reviewed the companies' data security practices following an incident where a temporary employee of Nexia accessed a personal cloud service without authorisation or consent, potentially leaking the personal data o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 April 2024", "title": "MIC investigation into LINE's compliance with cybersecurity regulations following data breach", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/bbs/view.do?sCode=user&mId=113&mPid=238&pageIndex=&bbsSeqNo=94&nttSeqNo=3184429&searchOpt=ALL&searchTxt=", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) issued a statement regarding the protection of communication secrets and cybersecurity to the LINE Yahoo! Corporation (LINE) as part of the ongoing investigation into LINE. The statement follows the administrative guidance issued to LINE. The MIC stated that they will continue to monitor any relevant developments and provide their support if necessary.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 July 2024", "title": "Japan-Malaysia Cooperation Agreement in the Field of Information and Communication", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin09_02000161.html", "description": "On 7 March 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Malaysian Ministry of Communications issued a report on the progress made since signing the Memorandum of Cooperation on information and communications cooperation in November of the previous year. During the 2nd Japan-Malaysia ICT Joint Working Group held at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, officials from both sides convened to discuss policies related to ICT, broadband, broadcasting, information...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 November 2024", "title": "METI Guidelines and Model Clauses for Handling Offensive Technical Information Guidelines", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/03/20240311001/20240311001.html", "description": "On 11 March 2024, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) adopted the 'Guidelines for the Handling and Utilisation of Attack Techniques Information' and 'Model Provisions Concerning the Handling of Attack Technological Information That Should Be Included in Non-Disclosure Agreements'. In particular, the guidelines specify measures that specialised organisations should take in regard to de-identification processes, which are processes to remove information that can infer th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 April 2024", "title": "Policy for the Establishment of a Security Conformity Assessment System for IoT Products", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/servlet/Public?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&id=595224006&Mode=0", "description": "On 15 April 2024, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) closed the consultation on the draft policy for the establishment of a security conformity assessment system for IoT products. The objective of the proposed system is to evaluate and visualise the security of IoT products using a common standard, to mitigate increasing cyber threats by enabling self-conformity declarations and labelling for IoT products against minimum common threats, and to encourage government and critical...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 January 2024", "title": "Law on Promoting Measures Against Internet Slander", "url": "https://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1DDAD16.htm", "description": "On 26 January 2024, The Bill aimed at promoting measures against Internet slander was introduced to the Japanese House of Representatives. The Bill includes a section on telecommunications carriers' obligations related to addressing and mitigating Internet slander. The Bill mandates that national and local governments establish a framework designed to facilitate an effective response to the prevention of cyber defamation and to provide redress for victims through collaboration with telecommun...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 April 2024", "title": "Japan Study Group on E-Seal Certification", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01cyber01_02000001_00203.html", "description": "On 16 April 2024, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) officially adopted the “Final Summary of the Study Group on e-Seal” and the “Guidelines for e-Seal (2nd edition)”. This new guideline sets forth standards for the certification and use of e-Seals, aiming to enhance the security and efficiency of electronic data transactions across sectors. The guideline contains provisions regarding the “level classification” of e-Seals, use cases, mechanisms to ensure the fu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "METI guide on methods for managing software vulnerabilities using SBOM", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/04/20240426001/20240426001.html", "description": "On 27 May 2024, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) closes its public consultation on the revised draft of the guide for managing software vulnerabilities using the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM). This revision aims to address the increasing complexity and security threats in the software supply chain by outlining specific procedures for effectively using SBOM in software vulnerability management, considering the cost-effectiveness of SBOM implementation, and detailing contr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Guidelines for Cloud Service Configuration and Security", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01cyber01_02000001_00209.html", "description": "On 26 April 2024, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC) adopted the Guidelines for Countermeasures against Cloud Configuration Errors, which focuses on the secure and effective configuration of cloud services across various sectors. The Guidelines aim to mitigate risks associated with configuration errors and enhance overall cloud security. It outlines responsibilities for both cloud service providers and users, emphasising the shared responsibility model. Further,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 December 2025", "title": "Measures regulating use of non-public data in Act on Promoting Competition Regarding Specific Software Used in Smartphones", "url": "https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=506AC0000000058_20251218_000000000000000", "description": "On 18 December 2025, the Act on Promoting Competition Regarding Specific Software Used in Smartphones entered into force. The Act prohibits designated business operators from using non-public data obtained through basic operating software, app stores, or browsers in order to obtain a competitive advantage against other individual application businesses. Furthermore, the Act outlines requirements for the handling and protection of user data by designated business operators, aiming to safeguard...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 September 2024", "title": "PPC Guidance on Proper Handling of Sensitive Personal Data in Healthcare", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/careful_information/240925_alert_hospitals_clinics_pharmacies/", "description": "On 25 September 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission issued a caution notice to hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies across Japan, emphasising the importance of proper handling of personal and sensitive personal data. This action follows a series of leakage incidents, which, according to the regulator, highlighted the need for enhanced safety management measures in accordance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. The notice outlines key points for preventing le...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 November 2024", "title": "JFTC Inquiry on Generative AI Market Dynamics and Competition", "url": "https://www.jftc.go.jp/en/pressreleases/yearly-2024/October/1002.html", "description": "On 22 November 2024, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) closed its public consultation on the rapidly evolving market of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and on its discussion paper on Generative AI and Competition. According to the discussion paper, generative AI markets consist of three layers: infrastructure, models, and applications. The infrastructure layer includes computing resources (especially GPUs), data, and expertise. The model layer focuses on the development of genera...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "25 September 2024", "title": "AISI Guide to red teaming methodology on AI safety", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/ai_safety_RT_v1.00_en.pdf", "description": "On 25 September 2024, the AI Safety Institute of Japan adopted the guide to red teaming methodology on AI safety. The guide aims to assist AI developers to identify and address system vulnerabilities. \nThe guide defines red teaming as a method for evaluating the effectiveness of response structures and countermeasures for AI Safety by simulating how attackers might target and exploit vulnerabilities in AI systems. The guide applies to businesses in AI development and emphasises red teaming as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 November 2024", "title": "Partial Amendment of Review Standards related to Telecommunications Business Act", "url": "https://public-comment.e-gov.go.jp/pcm/detail?CLASSNAME=PCMMSTDETAIL&Mode=0&id=145210379", "description": "On 11 November 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications closes its public consultation on the draft ordinance for the Partial Amendment of Review Standards related to the Telecommunications Business Act. The revision aims to improve the Universal Service System for broadband services, particularly in light of the upcoming applications for Type II certified telecommunications carriers. Furthermore, the proposed changes aim to ensure proper designation and maintenance of these ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 November 2024", "title": "JFTC investigation into Amazon for allegedly restricting the business activities of sellers by requiring competitive prices and compelling sellers to use FBA", "url": "https://www.jftc.go.jp/soudan/jyohoteikyo/1204.html", "description": "On 27 November 2024, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) launched an investigation into Amazon over alleged violations of the Antimonopoly Act. The investigation focuses on Amazon’s restrictive practices where the company is suspected of requiring sellers to set \"competitive prices\" to qualify for the \"Recommended Listings\" feature and pressing them to use the \"Fulfillment by Amazon\" (FBA) service. The JFTC claims these practices may unfairly restrict sellers' business activities. The JFTC...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "PPC guidance on protection of personal data in cloud-based human resources management systems", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/news/careful_information/241217_alert_hrms/", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission issued a cautionary alert for cloud-based HR and labor management services (HRMS) following a data breach incident. The alert was issued in response to a data breach incident involving a cloud HRMS provider, in which sensitive personal data, including MyNumber IDs and financial information, was compromised due to security misconfigurations. The alert directs contractors to implement security measures from the development phas...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 December 2024", "title": "Bill to balance the acceleration of AI innovation with risk responses", "url": "https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/103/actions/202412/26ai.html", "description": "On 26 December 2024, the Prime Minister's Office of Japan announced the intention to introduce the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bill to balance the acceleration of AI innovation with risk responses in the next legislative section, which starts in January 2025. The Bill aims to address the regulatory framework for the use and development of artificial intelligence in Japan, with a focus on ensuring ethical standards and promoting innovation. The Bill is expected to guide the responsible deploy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 January 2025", "title": "United States-Japan-Republic of Korea joint statement on public-private collaborations in response to cryptocurrency thefts by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/01/20250114004/20250114004-1.pdf", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the governments of Japan, the United States, and South Korea issued a joint statement on North Korea's (DPRK) theft of cryptocurrencies and the necessity for public-private collaboration in response, highlighting the DPRK's use of cyberattacks to fund its weapons programs. The statement detailed significant thefts attributed to DPRK cyber groups, including Lazarus, which targeted cryptocurrency exchanges and digital assets, stealing over USD 659 million in 2024. The countr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "UK-Japan Digital Partnership Ministerial Digital Council", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-japan-digital-partnership/uk-japan-digital-partnership-joint-statement-january-2025", "description": "On 23 January 2023, Japan and the United Kingdom issued a Joint Statement regarding the Third Ministerial Japan-UK Digital Council meeting. The Joint Statement highlights progress across the 4 pillars of the Partnership agreement and set the strategic direction for the next phase of the UK-Japan Digital Partnership. Key highlights included advancements in digital infrastructure, such as collaboration on semiconductors and AI safety, strengthened ties in telecom diversification, and shared eff...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 November 2025", "title": "Singapore AI Safety Institute source on AI governance", "url": "https://sgaisi.sg/publication/data/International-Network-of-AI-Safety-Institutes-Joint-Testing-Exercise-Improving-Methodologies-for-AI-Model-Evaluations-Across-Global-Languages.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 2 November 2025 for JP concerning Singapore-Japan Singapore inquiry into testing for large language model safety. See the linked sgaisi.sg source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 March 2025", "title": "Act on Prevention of Damage Caused by Wrongful Acts against Important Computers (Law No. 42 of 2025)", "url": "https://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_gian.nsf/html/gian/keika/1DDE15E.htm", "description": "On 18 March 2025, the Bill on preventing damage caused by unauthorised acts against important computers (Cyber Security Capability Enhancement Bill) was passed by the Japanese House of Representatives. The Act would introduce cybersecurity measures for critical electronic infrastructures by establishing frameworks for reporting specific incidents and regulating the collection and analysis of related communication information. The Act further outlines the roles of the Cyber Communications Info...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 July 2025", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications designating platforms as large specified telecommunications service providers under Information Distribution Platform Regulation Act", "url": "https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4176", "description": "On 30 July 2025, Google LLC, LINE Yahoo Corporation, Meta Platforms, TikTok, and X Corp. are required to submit a notification to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), in accordance with Article 21(1) of the Information Distribution Platform Regulation Act. The notification must include the provider’s name and address, and, in the case of foreign entities, the name and address of their representative or agent in Japan. The notification is required within three months from...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Act on Measures against Infringement of Rights through the Distribution of Information by Specified Telecommunications (Act No. 25 of Reiwa 6)", "url": "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/413AC0000000137", "description": "On 1 April 2025, amendments to the Act on Measures against Infringement of Rights through the Distribution of Information by Specified Telecommunications (Act No. 137 of 2001, as amended by Act No. 25 of 2024) entered into force. The 2024 amendment changed the Law’s title from the Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Sender. The amendment introduces binding oblig...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications order designating Pinterest, CyberAgent, Shonan Seibu Home Co, and Dwango as large-scale specified telecommunications service providers", "url": "https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/4176", "description": "On 30 August 2025, Pinterest Europe Ltd., CyberAgent, Inc., Shonan Seibu Home Co., Ltd., and Dwango Co., Ltd. are required to submit a notification to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) in accordance with Article 21(1) of the Information Distribution Platform Regulation Act. The notification must include the provider’s name and address, and, in the case of foreign entities, the name and address of their representative or agent in Japan. The notification is required with...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 June 2025", "title": "Japan Fair Trade Commission guide on development and operation of effective Antimonopoly Act compliance programs", "url": "https://www.jftc.go.jp/houdou/pressrelease/2025/jun/250620kigyou_compliance..html", "description": "On 20 June 2025, the Japan Fair Trade Commission (JFTC) released the results of a fact-finding survey on the development and operation of Antimonopoly Act compliance programs in companies, along with a revised version of the guide to the development and operation of effective Antimonopoly Act compliance programs. The survey, conducted for the first time since 2012, targeted Tokyo Stock Exchange Prime Market-listed companies and examined the status of establishing and operating compliance fram...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 August 2025", "title": "Personal Information Protection Commission inquiry into current status of personal information and personal data security measures implemented at small and medium sized businesses", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/files/pdf/R7_chuushou_anzenkanri_survey.pdf", "description": "On 25 August 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission announced an inquiry to assess how small and medium-sized businesses are managing the security of personal information and data. The inquiry targets 17’000 randomly selected companies across various industries. The findings will identify current practices and guide future policy measures.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 August 2025", "title": "Guidelines on provision to foreign third parties integrating Global CBPR System", "url": "https://www.ppc.go.jp/aboutus/minutes/2025/20251008/", "description": "On 8 October 2025, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PPC) will promulgate and implement revisions to the guidelines on the Act on the Protection of Personal Information concerning the Provision of Personal Data to a Foreign Third Party. The amendments incorporate explicit references to both the APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) System and the newly established Global CBPR System as recognised frameworks ensuring adequate safeguards for cross-border data transfers. The revis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 February 2026", "title": "Telecommunications Business Policy Subcommittee assessment of security obligations under Universal Telecommunications and Broadband Services Subsidy Scheme", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban07_02000101.html", "description": "On 24 February 2026, the Telecommunications Business Policy Subcommittee of the Information and Communications Council closes the consultation on the second report (draft) on the basic telecommunications service system following the introduction of the ultimate security obligation – subsidy system for universal telecommunications and broadband services from FY2025 onwards. The consultation follows the introduction of the security obligation under the Act partially amending the Telecommunicati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Singapore-Japan Memorandum of Cooperation on mutual recognition of IoT cybersecurity labelling schemes", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/news-events/press-releases/singapore-signs-memorandum-of-cooperation-with-japan-on-mutual-recognition-of-internet-of-things-cybersecurity-schemes/", "description": "On 1 June 2026, the Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) between Singapore and Japan on the mutual recognition of Internet-of-Things (IoT) cybersecurity schemes enters into force. Under the MoC, smart devices certified under Japan’s Japan Cyber STAR (JC-STAR) scheme and Singapore’s Cybersecurity Labelling Scheme (CLS) are mutually recognised, enabling manufacturers to apply for the corresponding label in the other jurisdiction through a streamlined process. The MoC applies to categories of smart d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 March 2026", "title": "Guidelines on Roles Expected of Cyber Infrastructure Providers under Basic Act on Cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2025/03/20260331001/20260331001.html", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the National Cybersecurity Office (NCO) released guidelines on the roles expected of cyber infrastructure providers. The guidelines were developed by the Study Group on the Roles Required of Cyber Infrastructure Providers. This group operates as a joint working group under the Cross-Sectoral Sub-working Group and the Critical Infrastructure Expert Examination Committee of the Cybersecurity Strategy Headquarters, within t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 April 2025", "title": "AI research activity: 1412 publications in AI Safety", "url": "https://cat.eto.tech/?country=JP", "description": "Japan published 1412 AI-related research articles in the field of AI Safety according to ETO's Country Activity Tracker.", "categories": [ "Research & Development" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Japan - Innovation-Focused AI Governance Approach", "url": "https://asialawportal.com/asia-legal-enforcement-and-ai-update-2026/", "description": "Japan maintains an innovation-focused AI approach with governance and risk management emphasis. Japan is adopting a structured regulatory approach balancing encouraging AI development with safety through sector guidelines and a hybrid regulatory model.", "categories": [ "National Strategy", "Innovation", "Sector Guidelines" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 April 2026", "title": "Japan publishes guidelines for AI use in financial services under FSA oversight", "url": "https://www.fsa.go.jp", "description": "Japan's Financial Services Agency released comprehensive guidelines for AI use in banking, insurance, and securities, addressing model risk management, algorithmic fairness in lending decisions, and requirements for explainability of AI-driven financial recommendations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Standards", "Accountability" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "the Japan Fair Trade Commission released a Request for Information about the rapidly evolving generative AI market", "url": "", "description": "the Japan Fair Trade Commission released a Request for Information about the rapidly evolving generative AI market. In its subject discussion paper, the JFTC addressed businesses involved in three market layers: infrastructure, such as computing resources; model, i.e., developers of generative AI models; and application, i.e., services using generative AI.", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "1 April 2024", "title": "AI Guidelines for Business Ver 1.0 (Japan)", "url": "https://www.mindfoundry.ai/blog/ai-regulations-around-the-world", "description": "Ten principles for AI developers, providers, and users in Japan.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Minister of State for Intellectual Property Strategy released statement on OpenAI's Sora2 compliance with copyright protection regulations", "url": "https://www.cao.go.jp/minister/2411_m_kiuchi/kaiken/20251010kaiken.html", "description": "On 10 October 2025, Japan's Minister of State for Intellectual Property Strategy released a statement on OpenAI's Sora2 compliance with copyright protection regulations. Sora 2 is OpenAI's art video and audio generation model. The assessment followed concerns that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) was generating videos closely resembling popular anime. It was stated that OpenAI plans an opt-out system for rights holders, greater transparency of training data, and stronger content filters. It was ", "categories": [ "Copyright" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 June 2025", "title": "Act on Promotion of Research and Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence-Related Technologies entered into force excepting certain provisions", "url": "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/507AC0000000053", "description": "On 4 June 2025, the Act on the Promotion of Research and Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence-Related Technologies entered into force, with the exception of the provisions of Chapter 3, Chapter 4, and Supplementary Provisions Article 3, and Article 4. The excepted provisions will enter into force on a date to be determined by government ordinance within three months from the date of promulgation. The Act establishes a national framework for AI development, defining AI-related t", "categories": [ "Generative AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry adopted report on advancing autonomous delivery robots", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2024/02/20250226002/20250226002.html", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) presented a report on the social implementation of autonomous delivery robots to address logistics labour shortages. Since July 2024, a working group involving experts and businesses has explored use cases, industry needs, and a roadmap for deploying larger, faster robots. Following the 2024 amendment to the Road Traffic Act allowing low-speed, small robots on public roads, METI's report focuses on specifications for medium-", "categories": [ "Licensing & Authorisation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 142, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "392" }, { "id": "US-NM", "title": "New Mexico", "entries": [ { "date": "22 January 2025", "title": "New Mexico 2025 HB 60", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legType=B&legNo=60&year=25", "description": "Enacts the Artificial Intelligence Act, requiring developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to prevent algorithmic discrimination, conduct impact assessments, and disclose risks. Implements risk management and consumer notification protocols. Grants enforcement authority to the state department of justice. Effective July 1, 2026.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "New Mexico SM 63", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=S&legType=M&legNo=63&year=23", "description": "Requests the attorney general to create a task force to study how well the state’s AI-based child welfare decision-making tools are working, gather input from stakeholders, and report findings by August 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "05 March 2024", "title": "New Mexico House Bill 182 of 2024(Campaign Reporting Act)", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legtype=B&legno=182&year=24", "description": "Adds disclaimer requirements for AI-generated deceptive media in political ads. Criminalizes distribution without proper disclaimers, punishable by misdemeanor or felony. Allows enforcement by authorities and affected parties. Specifies disclaimer format for various media types.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "07 April 2023", "title": "New Mexico Senate Bill 192", "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=S&legtype=B&legno=192&year=23", "description": "Funds the purchase of artificial intelligence equipment and consultancy services for the ASK academy charter school with $290,000.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New Mexico HB 28", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=New Mexico+HB 28+AI+2026", "description": "New Mexico legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This bill is currently active in the legislature.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New Mexico HB 141", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=New Mexico+HB 141+AI+2026", "description": "New Mexico legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This bill is currently active in the legislature.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Carlos Maturin v. T-Mobile USA, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1092/Maturin_v._T-Mobile_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Keller v. Bd. of Educ., 182 F.R.D. 871 (D.N.M. 1998)' in multiple filings; the court found that citation does not exist (a similarly named, different-year decision exists). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ford v. BNSF Ry. Co., 709 F.3d 715 (10th Cir. 2013)' in multiple filings; the court found this reported Tenth Circuit citation does not exist (similar-named but different case exists in another court). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Rogers v. NYU Langone Hospitals, 2023 WL 2705769' in his first motion for sanctions; the court found this case does not exist and Defendant had pointed this out.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "8640 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "David J. Donovan v. Kathryn Thorson", "url": "/documents/1031/Donovan_v._Thorson__Fidelity_Invt_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's authorities cited incorrect appellate reporters or otherwise mis-cited case law; the court's review confirmed the citations were inaccurate and complicated appellate review. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed direct quotations to cited authorities that do not contain those quotations; the court found the quoted language absent from the cited sources.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "Lowrey v. City of Rio Rancho", "url": "/documents/991/Lowrey_v._City_of_Rio_Rancho_USA_5_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Creekmore v. Food Lion, Inc., asserting it supports a rule about incomplete state-court records invalidating removal; the Court found that Creekmore does not support that proposition and Plaintiff misrepresented its holding. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Cornell v. Precision Valve & Automation, Inc., 2011 WL 1420182 (D.N.M. 2011)' repeatedly; the Court was unable to find the case and concluded it is fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on 'Baldwin v. Perdue Farms, Inc., 569 F. Supp. 2d 754 (E.D. Va. 2008)'; the Court could not locate this authority and concluded it is nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted and over-extended a portion of Getty Oil's footnote and represented it as binding Tenth Circuit law; the Court found this characterization misleading. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a non-existent quoted holding to Cornwall v. Robinson and represented it as Tenth Circuit precedent; the Court noted the quoted language does not appear in Cornwall and the issue was not decided there. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited several Supreme Court and circuit opinions (e.g., Martin v. Franklin Capital, Carnegie-Mellon, Gibbs, Merrell Dow, Steel Co.) and misapplied or overstated their holdings for the proposition that removal should be invalidated here; the Court found those characterizations misleading.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "Lipe v. Albuquerque Public Schools (2)", "url": "/documents/863/Lipe_v._Albuqueruqe.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that earlier plaintiff filings contained fabricated case citations; counsel was previously sanctioned for inappropriate use of AI (Doc.149). || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Brief asserted that 'Withholding responsive material that are ready for production, while seeking additional time for other items, is itself sanctionable under Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b).' Court found Rule 37(b) makes no such statement and no supporting case law was provided.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Tomlin v. State of New Mexico", "url": "/documents/839/Tomlin_v._State_of_New_Mexico_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited multiple cases in opposition to motions that the Court could not locate using standard research tools; the Court ordered Tomlin to produce copies and warned the citations appear to be AI-generated fabrications.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "Lipe v. Albuquerque Public Schools (1)", "url": "/documents/805/Lipe_v_Albuequerque_Public_Schools.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | A quotation attributed to Ogden v. San Juan Cnty., 32 F.3d 452 (10th Cir. 1994) was presented though the quoted language does not appear in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Characterized Gates Rubber as imposing sanctions for failure to supplement discovery; the Court states sanctions there were for intentional destruction of evidence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on a non-existent case, as admitted in a prior filing and noted by the Court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on a non-existent case, as admitted in a prior filing and noted by the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Previously submitted misattributed citation noted by the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Previously submitted misattributed citation noted by the Court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on a non-existent case, as admitted in a prior filing and noted by the Court. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Qualcomm for an attorney’s general duty to ensure clients conduct a comprehensive document search; the Court notes Qualcomm addressed a patent owner’s disclosure duty and litigation misconduct, not a general civil discovery duty. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Qualcomm for the proposition that sanctions serve remedial and deterrent purposes; the Court states Qualcomm does not discuss discovery sanctions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Described Dominion Video as emphasizing procedural compliance in litigation conduct; the Court explains it was a merits decision on a preliminary injunction and intervention, not a procedural/discovery ruling. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted parenthetical attributed to Zubulake that does not appear in the opinion, per the Court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Mexico", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; self-report to state bars", "monetary_penalty": "3000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-WI", "title": "Wisconsin", "entries": [ { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "Wisconsin Act 2023-123 (Artificial Intelligence Content Disclosure)", "url": "https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2023/related/acts/123", "description": "Amends Wisconsin statutes to require political ads containing AI-generated media to disclose this fact audibly and visibly. Grants rule-making authority for implementation and imposes fines for non-compliance. Exempts broadcasters from liability unless responsible for the communication.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 August 2023", "title": "Wisconsin Executive Order #211", "url": "https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/WIGOV/2023/08/23/file_attachments/2591849/Evers_EO211.pdf", "description": "Establishes the Governor’s Task Force on Workforce and Artificial Intelligence, chaired by the Secretary of the Department of Workforce Development. Directs the Task Force to analyze AI's labor market impact, advance equity, and recommend workforce and education policy solutions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "SEC v. Joseph Nantomah et al.", "url": "/documents/1445/SEC_v._Nantoma_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Goldberg v. 401 North Washakie Venture LLC, 155 F.3d 465 (7th Cir. 2014)'; court found the citation incorrect/nonexistent and noted 155 F.3d 465 corresponds to Condon v. Reno; court located a different Seventh Circuit Goldberg decision at 755 F.3d 456. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited an unintelligible 'Johnson v. 2003 App. 242, 117, 652 N.W.2d 48 at 647' and a purported direct quote; court found the citation and quote unintelligible and noted the reporter '652 N.W.2d 48' corresponds to a Minnesota case (In re Silicone Implant Ins. Coverage Litig.). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Presented 'Sengry v. R.H. Love Galleries, Inc.' rather than the actual Stenger v. R.H. Love Galleries, Inc.; court identified this as a typographical/garbled citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited 'Hirk v. R-Arch-Roch. Council, Inc., 561 F.2d 619 (7th Cir. 1977)' in place of Hirk v. Agri-Research Council, Inc., 561 F.2d 96 (7th Cir. 1972); court noted the mismatch and garbling. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited 'Miriam M.S. Commodities Inc., 15 E.2d 724 (7th Cir. 1972)' instead of Milnarik v. M–S Commodities, Inc., 457 F.2d 274 (7th Cir. 1972); court noted the garbled name and citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Ann K. Cady, Beth L. Corning, and Caron G. Roesler v. Matthew C. O'Malley", "url": "/documents/1410/Ann_K_Cady_Beth_L_Corning_and_Caron_G_Roesler_Plaintiffs-Respondents_v_Mat_x4AhovX.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's briefs included citations to legal authorities that do not exist; respondents pointed these out and the court noted the fabricated citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited existing cases and authorities but used them to support propositions to which they were wholly unrelated (mis-citation/misrepresentation).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Gerou v. George, Whitten, and United States", "url": "/documents/1197/Gerou_et_al._v._George_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioners quoted Oates v. National Bank as stating banks 'may only deal in negotiable instruments and lawful money'; court found no such quote in Oates (100 U.S. 239 (1879)). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioners attributed to National Bank v. Matthews a statement that banks 'cannot lend their credit to another'; court found the cited case (98 U.S. 621 (1878)) does not contain that statement. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioners cited 'Commercial Bank of Cleveland v. Ely (1853)'; court could not locate that case and found the similar Commercial Bank of Cleveland v. Iola, 154 U.S. 617 (1875) does not contain the quoted language. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioners repeatedly quoted 'Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco v. United States (1919)'; court was unable to locate any case with that name or date. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioners cited 'Glover v. Standard Oil Co., 65 N.E.2d 389 (Ind. 1946)' to support that an unrebutted affidavit stands as truth; court traced citation to a different reported opinion which does not support that proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioners cited Bank of Augusta v. Earle and Merchants' Bank v. State Bank as holding a bank that lends credit acts beyond its charter; court found those cases do not hold that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioners cited 'Farmers' & Mechanics' Bank v. Smith (1819)'; court could not locate any such case and noted the closest is an 1821 case that does not support petitioners' claims.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Alaya Coleman v. RPF-Somers Investors, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/997/Coleman_v._RPF-Somers_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | The Removing Defendants contended that Plaintiff 'hallucinates nonexistent quotes from cases' in support of her remand argument; the Court agreed the cited authority was inapplicable but did not identify or quote a specific fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Todd E. Glass v. Foley & Lardner LLP", "url": "/documents/987/Glass_v._Foley__Lardner_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not verify the citation; the case 'S.G. v. SafeSport, 74 F.4th 864, 870 (7th Cir. 2023)' does not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate this district decision; 'Cafasso v. Central Refrigerated Servs., Inc., 486 F. Supp. 2d 1077, 1084 (W.D. Wis. 2007)' does not appear to exist in this district or under that reporter information. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation appears misrepresented: the cited case number 'Cressey v. Hamilton, No. 21-CV-2031 (D. Kan. 2021)' corresponds to a different matter in the District of Kansas.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Graham-Jackson v. Martin and Rock Prairie Farms, LLC", "url": "/documents/707/Graham_Jackson_v._Martin.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Opening brief cited legal authorities that do not exist; respondents flagged and court found violations of RULE 809.19(1)(e) and (4)(b). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opening brief cited existing authorities wholly unrelated to the propositions asserted; respondents identified and court found violations of briefing rules. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief repeated false legal citations, including non-existent authorities, after being put on notice; court imposed sanctions. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Reply brief cited authorities unrelated to the propositions asserted, perpetuating the briefing-rule violations noted by the court. || Fabricated: Case Law | Relied on non-existent authorities to oppose application of § 805.04 and argue he could unilaterally dismiss Rock Prairie Farms via amended complaint; court rejected as unsupported (fn. 6). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Invoked WIS. STAT. § 971.13 and State v. Garfoot to require a competency determination in this civil action; court held those criminal-competency authorities inapplicable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Wisconsin", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions of $500 and requirement for future affidavit on legal citations", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-01-22", "title": "Arajuo v. Wedelstadt et al", "url": "/documents/370/Arajuo_v._Wedelstadt_E.D._Wisconsin_January_22_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants' counsel's summary judgment brief included citations to non-existent cases; court flagged them, referenced Rule 11 and Park v. Kim, noted likely AI-generated sources, and warned of sanctions; counsel filed an amended brief omitting them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Wisconsin", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-MI", "title": "Michigan", "entries": [ { "date": "30 July 2024", "title": "Michigan House Bill 5507", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/publicact/pdf/2024-PA-0120.pdf", "description": "Allocates $500,000 for a statewide AI research hub, enhancing expertise on responsible AI use in schools. Supports virtual education, best practices, and policy recommendations. Fosters innovation in instructional technology and virtual learning models for Michigan's education system.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 December 2023", "title": "Michigan House Bill 5144 of 2023 (Election Law)", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/publicact/htm/2023-PA-0265.htm", "description": "Prohibits distributing AI-generated deceptive media within 90 days before elections if intended to harm a candidate or deceive voters. Requires disclaimers for exceptions. Penalizes violations with fines and imprisonment. Allows injunctive relief by affected parties or the attorney general.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 November 2023", "title": "Michigan House Bill 5141", "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2023-2024/publicact/htm/2023-PA-0263.htm", "description": "Requires political advertisements generated substantially by AI to include disclaimers indicating AI involvement. Mandates specific formatting for AI disclaimers in graphic, audio, and video ads. Establishes fines for non-compliance and outlines exemptions for certain media and platforms.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 November 2023", "title": "Michigan HB 5143", "url": "https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2023-HB-5143", "description": "Defines artificial intelligence as machine-based systems capable of influencing environments via predictions, recommendations, or decisions using both machine and human inputs. Specifies conditions for the definition's applicability contingent on the enactment of related legislation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Michigan HB 4668", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Michigan+HB 4668+AI+2026", "description": "Michigan legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "title": "Patrick C. Shaltry, I v. Brent Benzing, et al.", "url": "/documents/1924/Shaltry_v._Benzing_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the sentence \"A conviction is not final until the completion of the direct appeal.\" to People v. Swafford; the Court found the quote does not appear in the opinion and noted cited passages contradict the proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the sentence \"A judgment is not final while an appeal of right remains pending.\" to People v. Kennedy; the Court found the quote does not appear in the opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"People v. Smith, 489 Mich. 292, 311 (2011)\" for the proposition \"A conviction pending on direct appeal is not a final adjudication.\" The Court was unable to locate the cited case and treated the citation as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Savin v. City of Cleveland, 2022 WL 3715087 (6th Cir. 2022)\"; the Court found the Westlaw citation pointed to an unrelated brief and could not locate a case by that name, indicating a likely mis-citation or fabrication.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "title": "Pizzimenti v. City of Detroit, et al.", "url": "/documents/1877/Pizzimenti_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Opulent Life Church, 697 F.3d 279 in support of fines/Eighth Amendment/retaliation arguments, but the court noted that Opulent Life Church does not involve fines nor those claims and was thus misapplied. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Williams v. City of Cleveland, No. 1:18-CV-2911, 2019 WL 5485190 (N.D. Ohio Oct. 25, 2019),' which the court and R&R found does not exist in Westlaw or under that docket. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to Jensen v. Utah Cnty., 2025 WL 2208257 (D. Utah Aug. 4, 2025), but the quoted passage does not appear in that opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint referenced 'Thaxton v. City of Pontiac, No. 298862, 2011 WL 522951 (Mich. Ct. App. Feb. 15, 2011),' a citation the court says does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint referenced 'Smith v. State, 26 N.E.3d 1167 (Ind. 2015),' which the court was unable to locate or identify as relevant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Jane Doe, et al. v. Lincoln Consolidated Schools, et al.", "url": "/documents/1828/Doe_v._Lincoln_Consolidated_Schools_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case string \"Doe v. Univ. of Mich., No. 18-11914, 2019 WL 11793988, at *8 (E.D. Mich., Aug. 6, 2019)\"; the Court could not locate the authority, characterized it as an AI‑hallucinated/\"Frankenstein\" citation, and ordered counsel to reimburse defendants for research costs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Gregory Hardy v. K. Jones, et al.", "url": "/documents/1832/Hardy_v._Jones_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase \"reason to believe\" to Berndt v. Tennessee; the court found the Berndt opinion does not contain that language nor address the claimed issue. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase \"amateur psychologist\" to United States v. Frazier; the court found that phrase does not appear in Frazier and the criminal case does not address the motion's issues.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Checks Aciek Ateny Nai v. National Asset Mortgage, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1649/Nai_v._National_Asset_Mortgage_USA_11_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Counsel for NAM included a fabricated quotation altering the language of 12 U.S.C. § 2614 in NAM's Brief in Support of its Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 117); quotation materially changed statute's plain meaning. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Same fabricated quotation of 12 U.S.C. § 2614 repeated in NAM's Response in Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (ECF No. 132); Plaintiff had previously notified NAM of the inaccuracy.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause satisfied; court declined to impose Rule 11 sanctions.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Hardy v. Whitaker", "url": "/documents/1605/Hardy_v_Whitaker_USA_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's MSJ included the citation 'Patel v. City of Ferndale, 308 F.3d 511, 517 (6th Cir. 2002)'; the court identified it as a fabricated/phantom case likely produced by generative AI and flagged it as a hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's MSJ included the citation 'Thompson v. City of Lebanon, 813 F.3d 318, 323 (6th Cir. 2016)'; the court identified it as a fabricated citation likely resulting from AI and noted it among fake citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's MSJ included the citation 'Spurlock v. Satterfield, 167 F.3d 915 (5th Cir. 1999)'; the court listed this as one of several fake citations and suspected AI-generated hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's MSJ included the citation 'Wesley v. Rigney, 860 F.3d 931 (6th Cir. 2017)'; the court characterized this as a fake citation likely produced by generative AI and cited it as an example of 'phantom cases.'", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's amended complaint dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "Zlatkin v. Gladwin County, et al.", "url": "/documents/1594/Zlatkin_et_al_v._Butman_Township_of_et_al_USA_20_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Wells v. UPS Airlines, -- F. Supp. 3d --, 2022 WL 1234567 (W.D. Ky. Mar. 30, 2022)'; the Court determined no such decision exists and noted a different similarly titled decision does not support plaintiff's recusal argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'ABC Corp. v. XYZ Inc., 123 F.3d 456 (6th Cir. 2019)'; the Court found that citation to be nonexistent and not a valid binding authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Gregory Hardy v. Genesee County Community Action Resource Department, et al.", "url": "/documents/1433/GREGORY_HARDY_Plaintiff_v_GENESSE_COUNTY_COMMUNITY_ACTION_RESOURCE_DEPARTM.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case in his brief; the court identified the citation as fake and noted it among AI-generated phantom cases in the filing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion; the court flagged the citation as a fake/invalid citation in the filing and linked it to suspected AI usage. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on this purported Sixth Circuit decision in his motion to compel; the court identified the citation as fake and noted it as part of the problematic filings. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this decision in his production-motion brief; the court characterized it as a fake citation appearing in the plaintiff's filings and tied to suspected generative-AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Two reply briefs stricken; warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Rev. Heidi Grossman Lepp v. Conrad Mallett, Jr., et al.", "url": "/documents/1363/Heidi_Grossman_Lepp_v_Conrad_Mallett_Jr_et_al_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | The AI report asserted that Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah supports the plaintiff's standing to assert her church's rights; the court noted Lukumi does not discuss standing. || Fabricated: Case Law | The AI report contained various incorrect or nonexistent case citations and factitious references; the court described the Report as unreliable and declined to consider it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "OpenAI ChatGPT-4o", "outcome": "Arguments ignored", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Tiffany K. v. Commissioner of Social Security", "url": "/documents/1362/Kleinschmidt_v._CSS_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel's brief included a non-existent case citation 'Fleck v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.'; the Court identified it as a 'phantom' citation likely generated by AI and admonished counsel.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Kamps v. British Crown Corporation, et al.", "url": "/documents/1300/Kamps_v._BCC_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a fabricated quotation to Penhallow v. Doane's Administrators, asserting governments are \"abstractions\" that cannot interact with \"the tangible\"; the Court identified the quote as fake and not in the 1795 prize case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed as frivolous.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-29", "title": "Rachel Jones v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "/documents/1235/Jones_v._Experian_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Great Earth Companies, Inc. v. Simons, 288 F.3d 878, 889 (6th Cir. 2002) as supporting the proposition that discovery is required to determine arbitrability; the Court found Great Earth does not address discovery and flagged the misstatement as possibly AI-related.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Patrick Joseph Groulx v CSL Limited", "url": "/documents/1326/Groux_v._CSL_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included citation to a non-existent case; court found it to be a fabricated case citation and relied on this as part of basis to dismiss the appeal. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief included a second citation to a non-existent case; court treated this as another fabricated citation contributing to dismissal.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Jarrus et al. v. Governor of Michigan et al.", "url": "/documents/1124/Jarrus_v._Gov_of_Michigan_USA_2_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Krupski for the proposition that relation-back amendment is mandatory; court found Krupski does not establish that mandatory rule and the plaintiffs overstated the case's holding. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Heller to claim temporary loss of Second Amendment rights is irreparable harm; court held Heller does not state that and plaintiffs improperly extended Elrod (a First Amendment case) to the Second Amendment. || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Plaintiffs relied on Oppenheimer for scope of discovery under Rule 26; court noted Oppenheimer has been superseded by statute and reliance on it was misplaced.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT Plus", "outcome": "Monetary sanctions", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. v. Paul Kimmel (2)", "url": "/documents/1128/Lothamer_Tax_Resolution_v._Kimmel_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted language attributed to Mickey v. Zeidler Tool & Die Co. does not appear in the cited opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined Stefanski v. City of Center Line (504 Mich. 877 (2019)) does not exist at that citation and the reference appears fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Kaufman & Payton citation was used to assert a specific legal proposition the Court found the case does not support. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted Chandler was cited for a point the opinion does not discuss; the citation was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | United States v. Garber was cited as if addressing professional responsibility, but the opinion is a tax-evasion appeal and does not support the asserted proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted language attributed to Shallal v. Catholic Social Services is not present in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Wurtz was cited for propositions about knowledge and causation that the Court said Wurtz does not address. || Fabricated: Case Law | Pettigrew citation does not correspond to a defamation case and the named decision does not appear to exist at that citation (fabricated/interstitial miscitation). || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quote attributed to U.S. ex rel. Marlar does not appear in that Sixth Circuit opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Riverview was cited for a specific maxim about pleading and amendment that the Court concluded Riverview does not contain. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found the Olitkowski and Wolverine citations do not contain the equitable-restitution language the defendant quoted or were misapplied. || Fabricated: Case Law | Wirsing citation appears to be fabricated or is an interstitial miscitation; the Court found no supporting authority at the cited source.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "title": "Marques Johnson v. Capital One Financial Corporation", "url": "/documents/1116/Johnson_v._Capital_One_Bank_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Cohen v. Cap. One Funding, LLC and attributed a quotation—\"Receivables are pooled and sold monthly.\"—to that opinion and misidentified the issuing court; the magistrate judge found the alleged quote does not appear in the Cohen decision and flagged it as likely an AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "David Angel Sifuentes, III v. Christian Brothers Automotive", "url": "/documents/984/Sifuentes_v._Christian_Brothers_Automative_USA_6_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a nonexistent case citation; court noted 'Bolin v. Story, 225 F.3d 1234, 1239 (6th Cir. 2000)' does not exist and had been previously warned.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "Warner v. Gilbarco, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1003/Warner_v_Gilbarco_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff twice cited 'Smith v. Dow Chem. Co., 166 F.R.D. 1, 2 (E.D. Mich. 1996)' to argue depositions should not proceed; the court found this a 'phantom' citation and noted the actual existing opinion is Hamm v. Nasatka Barriers Inc., 166 F.R.D. 1 (D.D.C. 1996), which does not mention depositions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "title": "Ali v. IT People Corporation", "url": "/documents/811/Ali_v._People_Corporation.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff falsely represented that Union Planters v. L&J Dev. Co., 115 F.3d 378 (6th Cir. 1997) contained language holding that Rule 11 sanctions are “reserved for exceptional circumstances”; court found this a false quotation and pivotal misrepresentation. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff falsely stated that Michigan's Bullard-Plawecki Employee Right to Know Act requires employers to produce personnel records within 10 business days; court found this statutory deadline claim to be a misrepresentation of the law. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff cited Michigan Admin. Code R 408.8004, a regulatory provision that the court determined does not exist (a phantom or fabricated regulatory citation); plaintiff admitted the citation was nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "600 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Lothamer Tax Resolution, Inc. v. Paul Kimmel (1)", "url": "/documents/748/Lothamer_Tax_Resolution_v._Kimmel_USA_29_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined the citation to Baker Hughes Inc. v. S&S Chem., LLC (No. 2:21-cv-2611, 2022 WL 1591563) could not be located at the provided citation and treated it as a fictitious authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court concluded Kimmel mischaracterized or quoted inaccurately from Shane Grp. v. Blue Cross (825 F.3d 299, 305 (6th Cir. 2016)), citing language not found in the decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted the citation to Hall v. Hall, 584 U.S. 147 (2018) was cited at a location that could not be verified and flagged it among other suspect citations. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court observed that language Kimmel attributes to FormFactor, Inc. v. Micro-Probe, Inc. (No. 10-3095, 2012 WL 2061520) does not appear in that opinion, i.e., a false quotation/misattribution. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited PFK Co. v. Protective Technologies, Inc., 624 F. Supp. 2d 802 (S.D. Ind. 2008) could not be located at the provided citation and treated it as a fabricated authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "title": "Clark v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.", "url": "/documents/735/Clark_v_JPMorgan_Chase_Bank_NA_USA_19_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation 'United States v. Provident Bank, 2021 WL 1985046, at 2 (E.D. Mich. May 18, 2021)' cannot be located and likely does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified 'Gibson v. Rosati, 2017 WL 1155765 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 27, 2017)' as a citation that does not appear to exist or is not retrievable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted 'Jones v. TransUnion LLC, 2022 WL 407915 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 10, 2022)' as a referenced citation that could not be located and may be fictitious. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court observed Beaudry v. TeleCheck Servs., Inc., 579 F.3d 702 (6th Cir. 2009) was cited by the plaintiff for a principle the case does not address (misapplied precedent).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's motion denied as frivolous; reply and sur-reply struck; plaintiff ordered to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Seither & Cherry Quad Cities v. Oakland Automation", "url": "/documents/638/Seither__Cherry_Quad_v._Oakland_Automation_USA_28_July_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to pay opposing counsel's fees", "monetary_penalty": "1485 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-21", "title": "Loyer v. Wayne County Michigan", "url": "/documents/699/Loyer_v_Wayne_County_Michigan.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel included AI-generated bogus legal citations in the response brief; the Court admonished counsel and ordered attendance at an ethics seminar. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff's brief asserted Loyer reported psychiatric illness, daily meth use, severe withdrawal with hallucinations, and was uncooperative/anxious/angry; the Court found the cited medical records show the opposite (denials and 'unremarkable'/'appropriate').", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Michigan", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's counsel ordered to attend an ethics seminar", "professional_sanction": "Yes" } ], "entry_count": 28, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-WV", "title": "West Virginia", "entries": [ { "date": "02 June 2024", "title": "West Virginia HB 5690 (Artificial Intelligence Task Force)", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/bill_status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hb5690%20enr.htm&yr=2024&sesstype=RS&i=5690", "description": "Establishes the West Virginia Task Force on Artificial Intelligence to recommend AI definitions, policies, legislation, and best practices. Requires submission of a report by July 1, 2025, and terminates the Task Force upon report submission or on July 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "West Virginia House Resolution 3", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hr3%20intr.htm&yr=2024&sesstype=RS&i=3&houseorig=h&billtype=r", "description": "Creates a Select Committee on Artificial Intelligence within the West Virginia House of Delegates. Charges the committee with receiving testimony, considering legislation, and recommending actions on AI issues. Consists of up to eleven members appointed by the Speaker.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "08 June 2023", "title": "West Virginia House Bill 3214", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hb3214%20intr.htm&yr=2023&sesstype=RS&i=3214", "description": "Creates the \"Road Optimization and Assessment Data Road Pilot Program\" using AI and ML for road condition assessment. Requires data collection via GPS, laser systems, and video imagery in Monongalia and Preston Counties. Aims for predictive road maintenance over three years.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 April 2021", "title": "West Virginia HB 2760 (2021), Sec 11-13Q \"Credit allowed for specified high technology manufacturers.\"", "url": "https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2021_SESSIONS/RS/signed_bills/house/HB2760%20SUB%20ENR_SIGNED.pdf", "description": "Defines \"high technology manufacturing business\" to include AI-related manufacturing, like autonomous vehicles and robotic equipment. Specifies tax credits for such businesses that invest and create over 20 new jobs. Allows 100% tax credit over 20 years. Directs the commissioner to prescribe rules to determine credit allowances.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-MN", "title": "Minnesota", "entries": [ { "date": "17 May 2024", "title": "Minnesota House Bill 4772", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=house&f=hf4772&ssn=0&y=2024", "description": "Criminalizes disseminating deep fakes to influence elections within specified periods. Imposes penalties, including imprisonment and fines, based on offender history and intent. Disqualifies convicted candidates from holding office. Effective July 1, 2024, for crimes thereafter.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 May 2023", "title": "Minnesota HF 1370 (Deepfake Accountability and Public Safety)", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=house&f=hf1370&ssn=0&y=2023", "description": "Establishes legal actions for nonconsensual dissemination of deep fake sexual images, including damages and penalties. Criminalizes using deep fake technology to influence elections. Specifies exceptions and venue rules. Grants immunity to certain service providers. Effective August 1, 2023.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 May 2023", "title": "Minnesota Senate Bill 2909", "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=senate&f=sf2909&ssn=0&y=2023", "description": "Require the Minnesota Fusion Center (MNFC) to annually report on the use of surveillance technologies, including artificial intelligence, types of activities monitored, and inter-agency data sharing. Involves AI governance and data practices oversight.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Minnesota SF 1886", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Minnesota+SF 1886+AI+2026", "description": "Minnesota legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Rushing v. Rushing et al.", "url": "/documents/1889/Rushing_v._Rushing_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Minnesotta", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "CA greenlighted dismissal of case for AI misuse", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "The Advocates for Human Rights and L.H.M. v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, et al.", "url": "/documents/1859/Advocates_for_Human_Rights_v._ICA_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Brief riddled with misquotations", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Minnesota", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Sophia Madigan v. Graco Inc.", "url": "/documents/1472/Sophia_Madigan_v_Graco_Inc_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"LaPoint v. Family Orthodontics, P.A., 2020 WL 6118773 (D. Minn. Oct. 16, 2020)\" for a point about HR treating a doctor's note as optional; the court found the decision at that citation is an unrelated SEC case and the Minnesota Supreme Court LaPoint decision exists but does not support plaintiff's contention. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Hernandez v. Best Buy Co., 2012 WL 1970771 (D. Minn. May 31, 2012)\" to support an MPLA argument; the court found no such decision at that citation (the citation corresponds to an unrelated Sixth Circuit insurance case). Court noted the citation was incorrect after defendant pointed it out.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Yang v. University of Minnesota", "url": "/documents/1532/Yang_v_University_of_Minnesota.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Ramos v. Ramos", "url": "/documents/1308/Ramos_v._Ramos_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited cases the court was unable to locate; court treated the arguments relying on those authorities as forfeited and cited general concerns about AI-generated fake cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Argument treated as forfeited", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "James Andrew Grimmer v. Citibank, N.A.", "url": "/documents/993/Grimmer_v._Citibank_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this case in his opposition brief; the Court confirmed it does not exist and cited it as one of several nonexistent authorities identified by defendant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this authority in his opposition brief; the Court confirmed the citation is to a nonexistent decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff included this Third Circuit citation in his brief; the Court determined the opinion does not exist in reporters or databases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this D. Minn. opinion (Westlaw cite); the Court independently confirmed the decision cannot be located and is a fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Complaint dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Leila Kasso v. Police Officers’ Federation of Minneapolis", "url": "/documents/911/Leila_Kasso_v_Police_Officers_Federation_of_Minneapolis_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited an existing case with incorrect citation details (wrong court/year). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case that does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to a case and misattributed its jurisdiction; quoted language does not appear in the actual opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on real cases for propositions they do not support (misstating the holdings). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a real case but cited it for propositions the Court found it did not stand for.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Twyla Leach Minnesota DHS et al.", "url": "/documents/908/Leach_v._Minnesota_DHS_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's supplementary memorandum included a quotation attributed to a cited case; the quoted language does not appear in that case and could not be located elsewhere — the court treated this as an apparent AI-generated hallucinated quotation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Minnesota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-IN", "title": "Indiana", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-12-04", "title": "Indianapolis City Council Proposal No.362, 2023", "url": "https://media.graphassets.com/nNzAtTfSNSHihpHfEPiG?_gl=1*12x446a*_ga*OTE3ODg5MjAyLjE2NTc4Mjk3NTA.*_ga_G6FYGSYGZ4*MTY5OTYyOTUxMi4xMzQuMS4xNjk5NjMyOTI5LjE3LjAuMA", "description": "Establishes a study commission to review and recommend policies for the City's AI use, emphasizing trustworthy, transparent AI applications. Requires public input, expert engagement, and collaboration with local departments. Mandates a final report by July 2024 for policy guidance.", "categories": [ "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Indiana Senate Bill 2024-150", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/senate/150/details", "description": "Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Task Force to study AI use and impact, requiring state agencies to inventory all artificial intelligence technologies in use, being developed or considered by the agency. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "Indiana 2024 House Bill 1133", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/legislative/2024/bills/house/1133/details", "description": "Adds Chapter 8 to Indiana Code, regulating election campaign communications with digitally altered media. Requires disclaimers for such media, specifying format and timing. Allows candidates depicted in undisclosed fabricated media to sue for damages, injunctive relief, and legal costs.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 March 2024", "title": "Indiana House Bill 1047", "url": "https://iga.in.gov/pdf-documents/123/2024/house/bills/HB1047/HB1047.06.ENRS.pdf", "description": "Defines \"computer generated image\" as those created or modified using AI or software. Criminalizes distributing non-consensual intimate images, including AI-generated ones, with enhanced penalties for repeat offenders. Establishes new offenses for voyeurism involving AI or digital tools.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Nicole Olbera, et al. v. Tiara Sykes", "url": "/documents/1876/Nicole_Olbera_et_al_Appellants_v_Tiara_Sykes_Appellee-Plaintiff.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's pro se brief included a citation to a seemingly non-existent case; the court noted the citation appeared to be fabricated and an editor's note removed links to invalid citations in the official opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "William C. Maxwell v. Dakota Michael & Chelsey Smith", "url": "/documents/1840/Maxwell_v._Michael_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff presented 28 quotations attributed to real cases that do not appear in those cited opinions; Plaintiff admitted the quotes were incorrect, calling many 'paraphrases.' Court found this insufficient and included these false quotations in the Rule to Show Cause. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited nine cases that do not appear to exist (non‑existent case citations); Court treated these as fabricated citations and included them in the Rule to Show Cause.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to Magistrate", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Jana James v. National Board of Osteopathic Examiners, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1763/James_v._Board_USA_19_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Knakmuhs v. Minneapolis Pub. Sch., 990 F. Supp. 2d 1035 (D. Minn. 2014)'; court was unable to locate that case and found the citation incorrect/non-existent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation corresponded to Cooper v. Tokyo Elec. Power Co., 990 F. Supp. 2d 1035 (S.D. Cal. 2013), not the case plaintiff named. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Powell v. Nat'l Bd. of Med. Exam'rs, 364 F.3d 79 (2d Cir. 2004) as supporting declaratory relief; court noted Powell did not address or grant declaratory relief and was mischaracterized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Michael Platt v. Volunteers of America Ohio & Indiana", "url": "/documents/1666/Platt_v._Volunteers_USA_10_MArch_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate any decision corresponding to the cited Bodine case and found the citation to be nonexistent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court could not find the quoted language that the plaintiff attributed to the Williams decision; quotation appears misrepresented.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck, Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "A.K. v. M.R.", "url": "/documents/1681/AK_v._MR_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant included reporter citation '994 N.E.2d 228' that did not correspond to the case name cited; court noted links pointed to unrelated Illinois decision rather than the Indiana case appellant referenced. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited '106 N.E.3d 400' which the court found did not match the case name in the brief and linked to an unrelated Illinois decision instead of the Indiana authority claimed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited '212 N.E.3d 768' that the court observed linked to a Massachusetts decision rather than the Indiana case the brief purported to cite. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant relied on Costello v. Zollman for a proposition about signage constituting harassment; court found Costello does not address signage and appellant misrepresented the authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "Virgil v. Experian Information Solutions, et al.", "url": "/documents/1498/SETH_CAMERON_VIRGIL_Plaintiff_v_EXPERIAN_INFORMATION_SOLUTIONS_INC_et_al_D.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Myers v. Passport Health, 2013 WL 5819270 (S.D. Ind. Oct. 29, 2013); court found this citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Schuh v. American Express Bank, FSB, 2019 WL 132741 (N.D. Ind. Jan. 8, 2019); court found the citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Same non-existent Myers citation also appeared in a separate filing (Docket 240); court found it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Merriman v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 2021 WL 5937732 (D. Kan. Dec. 16, 2021); court found this citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Treece v. Perrillo, No. 1:17-cv-00406, 2018 WL 3815004 (S.D. Ind. Aug. 10, 2018); court found the opinion does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Armstrong v. Kroger Co., 621 F.2d 934 (8th Cir. 1980); court found this citation to be non-existent as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Hinkle v. CBE Grp., 827 F.3d 129 (5th Cir. 2016); court determined the cited opinion does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Wigington v. Hill-Soberg Co., 396 F.2d 228 (5th Cir. 1968); court found the citation non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Jenkins v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 736 F. Supp. 2d 962 (E.D. Va. 2010); court found the citation does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Rodriguez v. Pasquarella, 2019 WL 2411480 (N.D. Ill. June 7, 2019); court found this citation non-existent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Harris v. Mexican Specialty Foods, Inc., 564 F.3d 1301 (11th Cir. 2009); court found the case exists but was misrepresented for the proposition cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Wright v. Experian Info. Sols., Inc., 805 F.3d 1232 (10th Cir. 2015); court found the citation was misrepresented and did not support the asserted point. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited In re TJX Cos. Retail Sec. Breach Litig., 524 F. Supp. 2d 8", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate recommended Monetary Sanction and Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "Mutugu v. Kiaraho", "url": "/documents/1507/Mutugu_v_Kiaraho.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The court determined Father cited five legal authorities that do not exist in total (multiple likely AI-generated cases cited in the brief). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Father cited In re Estate of Brown, 587 N.E.2d 686, 689 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992) for the proposition that admitted exhibits \"cannot later be deemed inadmissible,\" but the cited opinion at that pincite addressed jurisdiction/venue, not that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Father cited a non-existent Indiana case \"Thompson v. State\" with reporter citation 811 N.E.2d 501, which the court found does not exist and whose reporter cite corresponds to an unrelated Massachusetts case. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Father cited the transcript at page 371 to support that the trial court 'dismissed' exhibits as 'unreliable' or 'unauthenticated,' but the cited transcript page does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-30", "title": "Wilcox v. Gingrinch", "url": "/documents/1446/Wilcox_v_Gingrinch_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Reed v. State, 810 N.E.2d 1186 (Ind. 2004)' does not exist and the citation actually corresponds to an unrelated utility case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined 'Lacy v. State, 419 N.E.2d 489 (Ind. 1981)' does not exist at that citation and the reporter citation points to an Illinois case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court concluded 'Graves v. State, 773 N.E.2d 157 (Ind. 2002)' is nonexistent at that citation; reporter citation leads to an Illinois case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified 'Thompson v. Best' citations as internally inconsistent and not corresponding to any Indiana appellate decision cited; reporter citations direct to unrelated out-of-state cases. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found Harrison v. Thomas was cited for a cost-plus contract rule the decision does not contain; the case was mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted Kapoor v. Dybwad was cited as authority for jury-review standards though the case addresses a 12(B)(6) dismissal and was mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court observed Weber v. Costin was cited for standards about setting aside a jury fraud verdict though Weber addresses summary judgment/wavier and was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified J.S. Sweet Co. citation used to support a cost-breakdown principle though the actual case concerns mechanics' liens and prejudgment interest, a mischaracterization.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "North Atlantic Operating Company, Inc., et al. v. Indiana Import, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1357/NAOC_v._Indiana_Imports_USA_15_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defense counsel cited a non-existent case to argue duplicative litigation; the Court found the case did not exist and struck/ordered correction. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defense counsel cited a second non-existent case in support of the same argument; the Court found it did not exist and required docket sheets to be filed, after which defendants identified different actual cases.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning; Order to retain local counsel", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "M.H. v. C.S.", "url": "/documents/1087/MH_v_CS_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited a case that the court determined does not exist; the court noted non-existent and irrelevant case law cannot support her contentions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "title": "Kamia Nellum v. Credit Acceptance Corporation", "url": "/documents/1064/Nellum_v._Credit_Acceptance_Corp_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Messina v. N. Cent. Distrib., Inc., 821 N.E.2d 236 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005)'; court found the citation/method of attribution incorrect and that the proper decision appears as Messina v. N. Cent. Distrib., Inc., 821 F.3d 1047, 1050 (8th Cir. 2016). Court noted the case was not addressed by the Indiana Court of Appeals as plaintiff claimed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Miller v. Credit Acceptance Corp., 2019 WL 2450930 (S.D. Ind. 2019)'; court found that citation does not exist (2019 WL 2450930 corresponds to an unrelated D. Utah decision) and that the Miller v. Credit Acceptance decisions found on Westlaw are from 2012 (N.D. Ohio).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Xavier Jamal Smith v. Santander Consumer USA Inc.", "url": "/documents/1060/Smith_v._Santander_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Citizens Nat’l Bank of Paris v. Midwest Agri-Dev. Corp., 887 F.2d 1128, 1134 (7th Cir. 1989)'; the Court found the reporter citation corresponds to an unrelated First Circuit opinion, no Seventh Circuit case by that name from 1989 appears to exist, and it could not locate any case containing the quoted language.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "I.H. v. O.K.", "url": "/documents/998/IH_v._OK_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained multiple authorities that did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the court attributed this to AI use and warned of risks.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "In re: the Marriage of Melinda Johnson v. Sabastian Johnson", "url": "/documents/1004/In_re_the_Marriage_of_Melinda_Johnson_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Mother's briefs included multiple cited cases that the court found do not exist; the court attributed the errors to AI-assisted drafting. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Mother relied on Indiana Code §31-17-2-16 for authority to appoint a parenting coordinator, but the court found the statute does not govern that point (misapplied legal norm).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "title": "T.M. v. M.M.", "url": "/documents/841/TM_Appellant-Respondent_v_MM_Appellee-Petitioner.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant cited a quotation supposedly supporting judicial estoppel that the court found is not present in the cited case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a non-existent case 'Reynolds v. State' as authority; the court found the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Robison v. Orthopedic & Sports Medicine Center' with a reporter citation that the court states does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on purported authority 'Bill v. Bill' which the court found to be non-existent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Wann v. Wann' as controlling authority; the court states the cited case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'A.H.L. v. C.Y.L.' which the court determined is not a real reported decision. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant mischaracterized the content/purpose of a statute, citing Ind. Code § 33-25-1-2 as establishing appellate jurisdiction when it establishes court districts. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Appellant cited transcript page references that the court found do not support the assertions (various transcript page citations mis-cited).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "title": "Cingel v. Ferreri", "url": "/documents/820/Cingel_v_Ferreri.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Marriage of Dunston, 989 N.E.2d 830, 835 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013)' to support abuse-of-discretion review; court found no such case and reporter citation pointed to unrelated decisions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'McCain v. State, 924 N.E.2d 56, 60 (Ind. 2009)' for a custody proposition; court determined that citation does not exist as given. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant relied on 'Indiana Code § 31-17-2.5-1' as the custody statute; court found no such statutory section (correct statute is 31-17-2-8). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited and purported to quote 'Indiana Code § 31-17-2.2-23(a)'; court noted no such statutory provision exists. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Appellant cited 'Trial Rule 60.1' and 'Trial Rule 60.1(A)' to support procedural requirements for custody modifications; court found no such trial rule. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant cited 'Trial Rule 59(G)' as requiring written orders or hearings on motions to correct error; court explained Rule 59(G) concerns cross errors and was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Bowman v. Bowman, 682 N.E.2d 23, 28 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997)' for multiple propositions; court observed the correct Bowman citation is different (686 N.E.2d 921) and the cited reporter/pincite pointed to unrelated authority, and the asserted propositions were inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Appellant relied on subsections 'Indiana Code § 31-17-2.2-1(a)' and '(b)' for notice timing and burden of proof on relocation; court found those subsections were mischaracterized (they address filing location and exceptions) and pointed to the correct provisions (31-17-2.2-3 and 31-17-2.2-5).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Tsupko v. Kinetic Advantage, LLC", "url": "/documents/797/Tsupko_v._Kinetic_Advantage_USA_17_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's filings contained multiple other citations to cases the Court could not locate and deemed non-existent. || Misrepresented: Other | Plaintiff's brief included AI-style placeholder language and bracketed instructions indicating use of an AI-generated draft, undermining the brief's substantive citations/arguments. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent Eastern District of Kentucky decision to support a legal principle; the Court found the case does not exist and that similar-cited cases from Florida did not support Plaintiff's asserted principle.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment and Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-02", "title": "Davis v. Juvenile Detention Center", "url": "/documents/749/Davis_v._Marion_Country_Juvenile_DC_USA_2_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief quoted a non-existent decision cited as Perry v. City of Indianapolis, No. 1:18-cv-02173-JRS-DLP, 2019 WL 2088435, at 2; court found the citation to be an amalgam of multiple cases and the 2019 WL cite actually corresponds to Rehal v. Weinstein (unrelated). || Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cited Berg v. Symons, 393 F. Supp. 2d 1215 (D. Minn. 2005) for a proposition about tax returns; court determined that citation does not exist and the similarly titled real opinion (393 F. Supp. 2d 525) does not support the quoted proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Indiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Magistrate Judge recommended a monetary sanction; Counsel to forward copy of this order to client", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "Williams v. Kirch", "url": "/documents/715/Williams_v._Kirch_USA_18_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent U.S. Supreme Court case; the court found it fictitious and admonished appellant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent Indiana case; the court suggested it may be AI-generated and admonished appellant. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited a nonexistent Illinois appellate case; the court noted it was fictitious and cautioned against unverified AI citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Indiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 23, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-AL", "title": "Alabama", "entries": [ { "date": "01 October 2024", "title": "Alabama House Bill 172", "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2024RS/HB172-enr.pdf", "description": "Criminalizes distributing AI-generated materially deceptive media to influence elections. Exempts media with clear disclaimers. Permits injunctive relief by affected parties. Provides exceptions for certain media outlets and satire. Effective October 1, 2024, with penalties for second offenses.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "08 February 2024", "title": "Alabama Executive Order No. 738", "url": "https://governor.alabama.gov/assets/2024/02/EO-738-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf", "description": "Establishes a Task Force on Generative AI to encourage responsible use in state agencies. Requires reports on GenAI use by May 2024 and policy recommendations by November 2024. Directs the Office of Information Technology to facilitate GenAI pilot projects and development.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 April 2021", "title": "Alabama SB 78", "url": "https://legiscan.com/AL/bill/SB78/2021", "description": "Establishes the Alabama Council on Advanced Technology and Artificial Intelligence to review and advise on AI use and development. Requires annual reports with recommendations. Comprises appointed experts and legislative members. Emphasizes diversity in appointments. Effective one year after approval.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 June 2019", "title": "Alabama (2019) SB 47", "url": "https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/files/pdf/SearchableInstruments/2019RS/PrintFiles/SB47-Enr.pdf", "description": "Authorizes autonomous commercial vehicles and teleoperation systems to operate without a conventional driver present. Mandates compliance with federal and state laws, registration, certification, and liability coverage. Assigns jurisdiction to Alabama's Department of Transportation. Specifies operator responsibilities and emergency protocols.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 May 2019", "title": "An Act Establishing the Alabama Commission on Artificial Intelligence and Associated Technologies.", "url": "https://arc-sos.state.al.us/ucp/B19148AA.AEM.pdf", "description": "Establishes the Alabama Commission on AI to review and advise on AI in various sectors. Requires qualified membership including expertise in Artificial Intelligence and mandates the disclosure of a report of the findings available to the public.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Transportation", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Alabama SB 129", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Alabama+SB 129+AI+2026", "description": "Alabama legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Staley v. City of Elba, et al.", "url": "/documents/1911/Staley_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response (doc. 43 at 23) purports to quote and cite 'Kidd v. Mando Am. Corp., 731 F.3d 1196, 1200 (11th Cir. 2013)', which Defendants and the court identify as a non-existent citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cites 'Est. of Osorio v. Miami-Dade Cnty., 2023 WL 4003457 (S.D. Fla. June 15, 2023)' (doc. 43 at 24), which Defendants assert and the court notes does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's objection (doc. 49 at 28) cites 'Greer v. DeKalb County, 2009 WL 10101675, at *4 (N.D. Ga. July 13, 2009)', which Defendants identify and the court records as a citation that does not exist or is falsely stated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Heimkes v. Fairhope Motorcoach Resort Condominium Owners Association, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1890/Heimkes_v._Fairhope_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Relied on Chevron deference as authoritative despite Loper Bright having overruled its application; Court found Eaton misrepresented the status of the law. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple citations in Eaton's filings were fabricated or did not exist; Court and Defendant found citations that either do not exist or do not match the referenced names. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited existing cases but attributed propositions or quotes those cases did not contain; Court's independent review found misrepresentations/false quotations of authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Cocounsel (Westlaw)", "outcome": "Reprimand; Order to file order in subsequent cases; Bar Referral; Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "55597", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "State National Insurance Company, Inc. v. Damon Treadwell, et al.", "url": "/documents/1916/State_National_v._Dimon_Treadwell_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Filing attributed a quoted passage to Nishimatsu Construction Co. v. Houston National Bank; the court searched the opinion and other sources and found the quotation does not exist; attorney admitted AI use and lack of diligence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Filing attributed a quoted sentence to Whelan v. Abell; the court found no such quotation in that opinion or elsewhere and concluded the sentence was fabricated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT; OpenCase", "outcome": "Public reprimand; Order Notification", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Michael A. DeVita v. Midtown Motors, et al.", "url": "/documents/1835/Devita_v._Midtown_USA_25_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this authority in his Amended Complaint; the court found it does not appear to exist and treated it as a hallucinated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this authority in his Amended Complaint; the court found it does not appear to exist and treated it as a hallucinated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this authority in his Amended Complaint; the court found it does not appear to exist and treated it as a hallucinated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed without prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-27", "title": "Horton v. Colvin", "url": "/documents/1609/Horton_v_Colvin_USA_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Doctrinal Work", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed in part; reversed in part; remanded (libel claim as to “meth house” reversed for further proceedings).", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Ronald H. Foster v. Author Success Publishing, et al.", "url": "/documents/965/Foster_v._Author_Success_Publishing_et_al._USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to S.E.C. v. Smyth that does not appear in Smyth and could not be located in any case; court concluded the quote was an outright fabrication. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Farley opinion as if from the Eleventh Circuit, but the court could not locate the cited Eleventh Circuit opinion and found only a different Sixth Circuit Farley decision which was unrelated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Alabama", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-10", "title": "United States v. Glennie Antonio McGee", "url": "/documents/862/USA_v._McGee_10_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | The filing attributed quotations to cases that, upon review, were false or misquoted from the cited authorities. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | The motion directed the Court to precedent that had been reversed by the Supreme Court more than 40 years earlier. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Several citations did not correspond to the referenced names or did not relate to the issues for which they were cited (misrepresented authorities). || Fabricated: Case Law | Motion contained multiple non-existent case citations generated by Ghostwriter Legal; the United States and the Court could not locate the cited opinions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Ghostwriter Legal", "outcome": "Public reprimand, referral and order to notify jurisdictions; monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "5000", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "title": "Johnson v. Dunn", "url": "/documents/608/Butler-Snow-Order.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to United States v. Baker, 539 F. App’x 937, 943 (11th Cir. 2013) as confirming broad discovery rights; court found the citation as styled does not exist and the volume/page cited corresponds to Williams v. Morahan, not Baker, and does not discuss discovery. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Kelley v. City of Birmingham, 2021 WL 1118031, at *2 (N.D. Ala. Mar. 24, 2021) to avoid delaying a deposition; court and opposing party could find no such federal case—only a 1939 Alabama Court of Appeals traffic case with that style. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Greer v. Warden, FCC Coleman I, 2020 WL 3060362, at *2 (M.D. Fla. June 9, 2020) as rejecting an inmate’s request to delay a deposition; court found no such case exists nor a similar case supporting that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation to Wilson v. Jackson, 2006 WL 8438651, at *2 (N.D. Ala. Feb. 27, 2006) for granting a Rule 30(a)(2)(B) motion; court found no such case and that the Westlaw number points to an unrelated maritime case in S.D.W. Va. (Douglas v. Ingram Barge Co.). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation to Williams v. Asplundh Tree Expert Co., No. 3:05-cv-479, 2006 WL 3343787, at *4 (M.D. Fla. Nov. 17, 2006) for the rule that general objections are useless; court noted a case with that style exists but not with that citation/proposition combination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Alabama", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Public reprimand, disqualification from the case, and referral to the Bar", "professional_sanction": "Yes" } ], "entry_count": 14, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-FL", "title": "Florida", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "Miami Dade County Artificial Intelligence Report: Policies, Principles & Guidelines", "url": "https://documents.miamidade.gov/mayor/memos/03.22.24-Report-on-Miami-Dade-Countys-Policy-on-Artificial-Intelligence-Directive-No-231203.pdf", "description": "Requires Miami-Dade County employees under the Mayor to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools ethically and responsibly. Instructs the Human Resources (HR) and Information Technology Departments (ITD) to provide necessary training and oversight. Directs ITD to oversee AI procurement, deployment, and data security. Establishes guidelines for AI training, risk assessments, data handling, and community engagement, ensuring compliance with privacy and ethical standards.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Florida Senate Bill 1680", "url": "https://flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/1680/?Tab=BillText", "description": "Creates the Government Technology Modernization Council to study AI and technology, recommend regulations, assess AI's legal effects, and propose ethics reforms. Requires annual legislative recommendations to modernize technology and protect against AI misuse. Prohibits creation and possession of generated child pornography.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 April 2024", "title": "Florida House Bill 919", "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2024/919/?Tab=BillText", "description": "Requires political ads using generative AI to include a disclaimer. Specifies disclaimer format based on media type. Imposes first-degree misdemeanor for non-compliance. Authorizes complaints to the Florida Elections Commission with expedited hearings. Effective July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Florida SB 482", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Florida+SB 482+AI+2026", "description": "Florida legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Florida HB 1395", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Florida+HB 1395+AI+2026", "description": "Florida legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "title": "Jorge A. Zea v. National Association of REALTORS", "url": "/documents/1926/Zea_v._National_Association_of_Realtors_USA_24_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Response contains fabricated quotations and paraphrases attributed to real cases across multiple pages; Court found quotations and legal concepts were fake and unreliable. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Advanced an AI-invented doctrinal claim that an association's 'concerted action' removes the need to plead a conspiracy or agreement; Court rejected this as invented law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Included U.S. Anchor Manufacturing 'incorrectly' as support; Court noted the plaintiff acknowledged the inclusion was erroneous and that other cited cases were misapplied.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Samantha Roussell v. The Bank of New York Mellon", "url": "/documents/1657/SAMANTHA_ROUSSELL_v_THE_BANK_OF_NEW_YORK_MELLON_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited thirteen cases that do not exist; the court expressly disregarded these fabricated cases. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited nine existing cases but attributed propositions to them that they do not support; the court noted these misrepresentations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "Juandel Pena and Martina Ruiz v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.", "url": "/documents/1554/Pena_v._Wells_Fargo_USA_19_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Holden v. Holiday Inn Club Vacations, Inc., 98 F.4th 1359 with a pinpoint to page 1371; the court noted Holden ends at page 1369 and that the cited page does not exist, suggesting an AI-generated or otherwise fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "Johnson v. Florida Department of Juvenile Justice et al", "url": "/documents/1570/QUINTAURUS_L_JOHNSON_Plaintiff_v_DEPARTMENT_OF_JUVENILE_JUSTICE_ANDREW_COR.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Watson v. Amedisys Holding, LLC, 298 F. App'x 395, 396 (5th Cir. 2008) || Fabricated: Case Law | Martin v. Dep't of Corrections, 682 So. 2d 331, 333 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Brief Struck", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Lindsey Newell v. The Law Offices of Travis R. Walker, et al.", "url": "/documents/1569/LINDSEY_NEWELL_Plaintiff_v_THE_LAW_OFFICES_OF_TRAVIS_R_WALKER_et_al_Defend.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | The defendants' original response contained an apparent AI-generated hallucination (incorrect/crafted case citation); the Court notified defendants and they withdrew the response.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button & Dusty Button v. Sigrid McCawley", "url": "/documents/1456/Button_v._Mccawley_USA_4_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited In re: Marriage of Smith, 195 Cal. App. 4th 1007, 1018 (2011), which the court identified as a non-existent authority as presented. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed the quotation \"Dismissal based on a legal defense does not equate to frivolity.\" to Parekh; court found Parekh contains no such language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed a quotation about use of confidential information to In re Shell Oil Refinery; court found the quoted material is not in that case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Lopez v. Bank of Am., N.A., No. 14-cv-2524, 2016 WL 4131149 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 3, 2016), which the court found does not exist as cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Harris v. City of Auburn, 2018 WL 3329858 (M.D. Ala. July 6, 2018), which the court determined was a mis-citation (the cited decision did not exist as presented). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Avery v. Ward, 2014 WL 4748452, at *3 (S.D. Ala. Sept. 23, 2014), which the court found does not exist as cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted language attributed to Schwartz v. Millon Air, Inc., 341 F.3d 1220, 1225 (11th Cir. 2003) that does not appear in that opinion; court found the quotation fabricated/misattributed. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiffs claimed the magistrate's R&R contained language calling them 'serial litigants' and accusing them of filing to 'harass' and being 'retaliatory'; the court found those characterizations do not appear in the R&R.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order; Order to certify review of citations", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Nelson Henry v. Joseph Iannone and James Deacetis", "url": "/documents/1419/Henry_v._Iannone__Deacetis_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted a passage attributed to Sims v. Metro. Dade Cnty. that the court found does not appear in that opinion and was used to argue summary-judgment standards regarding video evidence. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a purported quotation from Shaw v. City of Selma that the court characterized as among the plaintiff's seemingly hallucinated quotations from case law.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Farag v. Persante et al", "url": "/documents/1412/IBRAHIM_SHEHATTA_GERGES_FARAG_Plaintiff_v_ROBERT_PERSANTE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Holt v. Crown Builders, Inc., 627 So.2d 1221 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)'; court found this authority does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Bennett v. Bivins, 685 Case 8:25-cv-03056-SDM-AEP,' which the court found to be nonexistent or erroneous. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff misquoted Section 733.903, Florida Statutes; the quoted language does not appear in the statute and the court corrected the actual statutory text. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff claimed Exhibit 1 was an entry of clerk's default, but the court found Exhibit 1 was not an entry of default. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff asserted Exhibit 3 was a 'formal Certificate of Default'; court found Exhibit 3 was the plaintiff's motion for default, not an entered order. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff alleged the lawyer appeared 'without any lawful authority or court approval,' but Exhibit 5 was the lawyer's notice of appearance filed in compliance with rules.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Ralph J. Massetti, Jr. v. Greenspring Capital Management, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1496/RALPH_J_MASSETTI_JR_Plaintiff_v_GREENSPRING_CAPITAL_MANAGEMENT_LLC_et_al_D.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Second Amended Complaint cited legal authorities the Court was unable to locate, suggesting the authorities do not exist or were miscited; Greenspring identified these nonexistent citations in its motion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Peter J. Allsot, as next friend of B.P.L.A. v. Naseem Latif", "url": "/documents/1369/Allsot_v._Latif_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited M.S. ex rel. S.S. v. Wermers, 74 F.3d 857 (8th Cir. 1996); the Court determined the citation appears incorrect or that the case does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Hodges v. Meridian Waste & Rieske v. AFS", "url": "/documents/1359/Hodges_v_Meridian_Waste_Acquisitions_USA_16_January_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated fabricated case citations were included in briefs filed in Hodges v. Meridian Waste (3:25-cv-62); court found citations were fake, counsel admitted use of AI, and court imposed sanctions while accepting counsel's contrition. || Fabricated: Case Law | AI-generated fabricated case citations were included in briefs filed in Rieske v. Accounting Fulfillment Services (5:25-cv-45); court found citations were fake, counsel admitted use of AI, and court imposed sanctions while accepting counsel's contrition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Adverse costs order; requirement to speak to bar associations or law students about experience", "monetary_penalty": "7000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Hayes v. Chipotle Mexican Grill", "url": "/documents/1305/Hayes_v._Chipotle_USA_9_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation to 'Capistrano v. Fin. Indus. Regulatory Auth., Inc., 2015 WL 1647091, at *3 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 14, 2015)' does not exist and flagged it as an inaccurate authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation to 'Dept. of Fair Emp't & Hous. v. Law Sch. Admission Council, Inc., 2014 WL 4269110, at *8 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 28, 2014)' does not exist and flagged it as an inaccurate authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation to 'Perez v. Zazo, 498 So. 2d 463, 465 (Fla. 3d DCA 1986)' does not exist as cited and flagged it as an inaccurate authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the citation to 'Byrd v. Shumann, 2013 WL 12091938, at *2 (S.D. Fla. Jan. 28, 2013)' does not exist and flagged it as an inaccurate authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Ayatollah Hylton v. Chivone Janee Hylton, et al.", "url": "/documents/1390/AYATOLLAH_HYLTON_Plaintiff_v_CHIVONE_JANEE_HYLTON_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited and quoted a non-existent order: attributed the language \"A last-minute email or single communication is insufficient to satisfy Local Rule 7.1(a)(3). Motions filed without good-faith conferral may be denied or stricken.\" to \"Wachovia Bank v. Tien, No. 05-60821, 2008 WL 11333017 (S.D. Fla. Feb. 12, 2008)\"; the court found no case at that Westlaw citation and that the citation/quote were inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Friend v. Serpa", "url": "/documents/1252/Friend_v_Serpa_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee included multiple non-existent case citations (phantom authority); court found them fabricated and instructed they be disregarded.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Russell v. Mells", "url": "/documents/1284/Russell_v._Mells_Opinion_USA_10_DEcember_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellee's brief cited a non-existent authority, \"Cade v. Roberts, 403 So. 2d 516 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981),\" as support for a motion-to-dismiss principle; court's research found no such reported case and that the cited page belonged to Girardeau v. State, which is unrelated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Two Southern Reporter cases cited in the brief were misquoted — the brief attributed quoted text to one case that actually appeared in another opinion; court found the quotations were misplaced and inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause; Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "Jacob Barry Allston v. Ron DeSantis, et al.", "url": "/documents/1139/Allston_v._Florida_Revenue_Dept_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a purported Eleventh Circuit case 'United States v. Roses, 39 F.4th 113 (11th Cir. 2022)' which the Court found does not appear to be a real case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Jackson v. Bank of Am. that the Court and opposing counsel showed does not appear in that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quote to Varnes v. Local 91 (674 F.2d 1365) that the Court found is not present in that case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-01", "title": "Ali Taj Bey v. Mark Glass", "url": "/documents/1112/Bey_v._Lyft_USA_1_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's complaint cites 'Ford v. Browning, 568 F.3d 1175 (11th Cir. 2009)'; the Court could not find this Eleventh Circuit case and described the citation as a likely AI-generated hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "The Doc App, Inc. d/b/a My Florida Green v. Leafwell, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1098/The_Doc_App_v._Leafwell_USA_26_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cited Henson v. Allison Transmission with reporter/citation No. 6:16-cv-1223-Orl-41DCI, 2017 WL 59085 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 5, 2017), which the Court confirmed does not exist; counsel later said he intended a different Henson (2008 WL 239153), but that case does not support the propositions cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion cited State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Pressley as 727 So. 2d 1019, 1020 (Fla. 3d DCA 1999) (yielded nothing in Westlaw); counsel later pointed to 28 So. 3d 105 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010), but that decision does not contain the quoted phrase or discuss the statute counsel attributed to it. || False Quotes: Case Law | At least two quotations in the Motion were presented as direct quotes but the cited cases do not contain the quoted language (counsel claimed an earlier draft/paraphrase error).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; CLE Order; Order to file Order in any future filing; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "David Morris Clayman v. Scott Bessant", "url": "/documents/1088/Clayman_v._Bessant_USA_24_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'United States v. Bovio, 708 F. Supp. 2d 579 (E.D.N.Y. 2010)'; the Court found the case does not exist and concluded it was AI-generated; plaintiff conceded and apologized.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Alexey Dubinin v. Varsenik Papazian", "url": "/documents/1066/Dubinin_v._Papazian_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited a decision from this Court that does not exist; the Court's independent review confirmed non-existence. || False Quotes: Case Law | Response included quotations attributed to Eleventh Circuit opinions that do not appear in those opinions; Court identified multiple such misquotes. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court's Order to Show Cause listed at least ten instances across the Complaint and Response citing non-existent cases and quotes (AI-hallucinated authorities).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Costs Order; Bar Referral", "monetary_penalty": "4030 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "title": "Arch Insurance Company v. A3 Development, LLC", "url": "/documents/982/Arch_Insurance_Company_v._A3_Development_USA_21_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed that Solis v. Zenith Cap., LLC, No. 19-80730-CIV, 2019 WL 7376782 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 26, 2019), cited by defendants, appears not to exist; cited in defendants' response to support their position. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted another citation in defendants' response (PGA Nat'l Resort, LLC v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 2016 WL 8716673, at *3 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 24, 2016)) appears to be non-existent or invalid.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Charles C. Force v. Capital One, N.A., et al.", "url": "/documents/875/Force_v._Capital_One_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Graves v. Smith's Transfer Corp., 736 F.2d 819, 820 (1st Cir. 1984) for a proposition the case does not hold; the Court found the case does not discuss the asserted point. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974) to state the old 'no set of facts' pleading standard, but the Court noted that the standard was retired by Bell Atlantic v. Twombly (2007). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Phillips v. Phillips, 685 So. 2d 85 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996), but the Southern Second citation corresponds to Lowe Inv. Corp. v. Clemente, 685 So. 2d 84; the named Phillips opinion did not exist at that citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Brydger v. Brydger, 910 So. 2d 381 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005), but the Southern Second citation corresponds to Whitley v. Royal Trails Prop. Owners' Ass'n, Inc., 910 So. 2d 381; the named Brydger citation was incorrect. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a specific quoted phrase to U.S. v. Int'l Brotherhood of Teamsters, 266 F.3d 45 (2d Cir. 2001), but the Court found no such quote in that opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case captioned Ashley v. Bank of Am., 538 F. App'x 874; the cited Federal Appendix citation did not correspond to that caption. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited an advisory opinion captioned In re Advisory Opinion to the Governor re: Dual Representation of State Officers, 630 So. 2d 1055 (Fla. 1994) and attributed holdings about the Attorney General that the opinion does not contain; the citation and summary were misleading.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Filings stricken; Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "title": "USA v. Brewer", "url": "/documents/786/UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA_v_BRYAN_L_BREWER.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | United States v. Mmahat was cited for broad discoverability of probation files but the decision was abrogated and unrelated to revocation proceedings; subsequent history not cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to United States v. Frazier does not appear in that decision and the case is unrelated to supervised release. || False Quotes: Case Law | Brady quotation omitted the words \"upon request,\" altering its meaning. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to United States v. Hasting does not appear in the opinion (similar language appears only in a concurrence). || Misrepresented: Case Law | United States v. Bundy was cited for authority to order discovery beyond Rule 32.1, but the cited opinion does not address Rule 32.1, probation, or supervised release. || Misrepresented: Case Law | United States v. Price cited for a proposition about phone records, but the decision does not concern telephone records. || Fabricated: Case Law | United States v. Noel (708 F.3d 245, 254 (1st Cir. 2013)) is entirely fabricated and does not exist as cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted sentence attributed to United States v. Safavian does not appear in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | United States v. Siddiqui does not support the proposition that computer audit logs are discoverable for timing/access; the citation was misused. || Fabricated: Case Law | United States v. Hernandez (183 F. Supp. 3d 468, 480 (S.D.N.Y. 2016)) is entirely fabricated according to the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Multiphone Latin America v. Millicom International Cellular", "url": "/documents/729/Multiphone_Latin_v._Millicom_International_Cellular.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Response cites at least four existing cases for propositions those opinions do not discuss (e.g., citing Morrison v. Nissan Motor Co., 601 F.2d 139 for an unrelated point); Court identified misapplication of authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Proposed Sur-Reply and Response attribute quoted language to Cohen v. Cooper (20 So. 3d 453) that does not appear in that opinion; Court identified the misquote. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel presented quotes drawn from Westlaw Keynotes as if they were verbatim text from opinions (examples include Rollins and Stewart), a misrepresentation the Court noted. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cites 'Metropolitan Dade County v. Dyer, 315 So. 2d 442, 444 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975)', which the Court found appears not to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cites 'QBE Ins. Corp. v. Dome Constr. Corp., 10 So. 3d 676, 678 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)', another authority the Court determined appears to be nonexistent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to District Ad Hoc Committee and the Florida Bar for investigation", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "title": "Monster Energy Company v. John H. Owoc", "url": "/documents/711/Monster_v._Owoc.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant's motion and reply contained eleven fabricated case-law citations generated by AI; the Court read them into the record and found a Rule 11(b)(2) violation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Community service and certification requirement for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Robbins v. Martin Law Firm, P.L.", "url": "/documents/710/Robbins_v._Martin_USA_28_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent M.D. Fla. decision as Baker v. BDO Seidman, LLP; court notes plaintiff conceded the citation was incorrect and the real case was a non-binding N.D. Cal. decision not involving bankruptcy. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a sentence about remand promoting judicial economy and discouraging forum shopping to Republic Reader’s; the court found the quotation does not exist in the opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Eastus as requiring courts to weigh in favor of remand in non-core state law proceedings; the court found the quotation does not exist and noted Eastus did not involve bankruptcy. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kircher for the burden of establishing federal jurisdiction on the removing party; the court explained Kircher addressed appellate review of remand orders and footnote 12 was unrelated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff asserted Hirsch reaffirmed that malpractice and fiduciary duty claims are generally non-core and belong in state court; the court noted plaintiff conceded this was inaccurate, with only state-law application being similar.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "outcome": "No monetary sanctions imposed; warning issued", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Nunez v. American Airlines, Inc.", "url": "/documents/723/Nunez_v._Am_Airlines_USA_24_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Doe v. Major Airline (2020)'; court confirmed the case does not exist and included it among fabricated authorities that warrant sanction. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Greene v. American Airlines, No. 18-CV-11459, 2019 WL 1949830 (S.D.N.Y. May 1, 2019)'; court confirmed the case does not exist and treated the citation as fabricated authority warranting sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Recom'tion to dismiss plaintiff's complaint with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "title": "ByoPlanet International v. Johansson and Gilstrap", "url": "/documents/985/ByoPlanet_International_v._Johansson_and_Gilstrap_USA_1_August_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Fabricated Scalia quote attributed to Liteky; court verified the quote does not appear in the opinion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Complaint cited a non-existent case; court noted the reporter citation corresponds to Roberts v. State, not Merrill Lynch v. Hagerty. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cited a non-existent S.D. Fla. case; citation actually points to a Louisiana case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Hood for a Rule 11 proposition not found in the case; court confirmed the quote does not appear and the case does not discuss 'clerical errors' or 'bad faith.' || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal brief cited a non-existent Castillo decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misstated Castillo as holding that knowingly false testimony by an agent/expert warranted reopening judgments; court noted real Castillo decisions do not support this. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal brief cited a non-existent Chowdhury decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal brief cited a non-existent Nabulsi decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal brief cited a non-existent Olson decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appeal brief cited a non-existent Perkins decision. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cited a non-existent Fourth DCA decision; opposing party flagged the fabrication. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response cited a non-existent Kaplan decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Motion cited Ehlers for a Rule 60(b) 'liberally construed to do substantial justice' quote that does not appear in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Show-cause response attributed a bad-faith requirement quote to Purchasing Power that does not appear in the opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Show-cause response quoted Carroll as declining sanctions for incorrect citations absent intent to mislead; the quoted language does not appear.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Cases dismissed without prejudice, attorney ordered to pay defendants' attorney fees, referred to Florida Bar.", "monetary_penalty": "85567 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Crespo v. Tesla, Inc.", "url": "/documents/557/Crespo_v._Tesla_USA_30_June_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Perez v. Miami-Dade Cnty., 297 F.R.D. 620, 625 (S.D. Fla. 2013) in DEs 61, 63, 78, 79, 80; the Court found this case appears nonexistent. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Jacobs v. Atrium Med. Corp., 2020 WL 5803503, at *2-3 (S.D. Fla. Sept. 29, 2020) in DEs 61, 63, 78, 79, 80; the Court found this case appears nonexistent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Universal City Dev. Partners, Ltd. v. Ride & Show, 230 F.R.D. 688, 695 (M.D. Fla. 2005) as saying “is tantamount to no objection at all.” (DE 78 at 2); the Court found no such quote exists in that case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff required to apologize and pay attorney's fees", "monetary_penalty": "921 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "title": "Versant Funding v. Teras Breakbulk Ocean Navigation Enterprises", "url": "/documents/373/Versan_Funding_v._Teras_Breakbulk_S.D._Florida_USA_May_20_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defense cited a non-existent case to argue privilege assignments must be clear and unmistakable; Plaintiff could not find it on Westlaw/Lexis, the Court also could not locate it, and defense later withdrew and admitted AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Joint and several liability for Plaintiff’s attorneys' fees and costs incurred in addressing the hallucinated citation; CLE requirement on AI ethics; Monetary fines", "monetary_penalty": "1500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "USA v. Burke", "url": "/documents/438/USA_v._Burke_M.D._Florida_USA_May_15_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a quote to Ruiz that does not exist and used it for an unsupported proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimed Ruiz supports the rule that statutes cannot require defendants to prove exculpatory facts, which the case does not support. || False Quotes: Case Law | Falsely quoted Gray as saying it is impermissible to require a defendant to prove a negative essential to innocence. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Green for the proposition that the government must disprove statutory exceptions, which the case does not support. || Misrepresented: Doctrinal Work | Relied on a House Judiciary Report that concerns the Flammable Fabrics Act Amendments, not the relevant legislation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Falsely quoted Tsurkan as stating the Wiretap Act's primary objective is protecting telephone conversations from interception. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Miscited Tsurkan; provided a reporter citation that corresponds to a different case and not the quoted material. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed to Hasson a constitutional avoidance quote not stated there. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed to Doe v. Miami-Dade County a quote about constitutional avoidance being strongest when protecting fundamental rights, which is not stated there. || False Quotes: Case Law | Falsely quoted McQueen as stating the government must prove each element beyond a reasonable doubt. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claimed McQueen supports that indictment ambiguities or omissions violating preparation or double-jeopardy interests violate the Sixth and Fifth Amendments, which McQueen does not support. || False Quotes: Case Law | Falsely quoted Veal as forbidding courts from ignoring statutory definitions in favor of dictionary meanings. || False Quotes: Case Law | Falsely quoted Wisconsin Right to Life with a definition of as-applied challenges not found in the opinion. || False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Attributed to a 1968 Senate Report ", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Westlaw's AI tools, GPT4.5 Deep Research (Pro)", "outcome": "Motion dismissed, and plaintiff ordered to refile it without fake citations.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-08", "title": "In re Thomas Grant Neusom", "url": "/documents/332/Re_Thomas_Grant_Neusom_Florida_USA_May_8_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Florida", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Suspension from practice before the Middle District of Florida for one year; immediate prohibition on accepting new federal matters; conditional reinstatement", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "title": "O’Brien v. Flick and Chamberlain", "url": "/documents/358/OBrien_v_gSaaGrr._Flick_S.D._Florida_January_10_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Snyder v. City of Sanford, 645 So. 2d 1126 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994), which the Court determined does not exist after its own search and relied on in imposing sanctions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Valley Nat’l Bank of Arizona v. A.E. Moses, 617 So. 2d 455 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993), which the Court determined does not exist after its own search and relied on in imposing sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Florida", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice, inter alia for use of fake citations and misrepresentations", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 38, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-WA", "title": "Washington", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-10-23", "title": "City of Seattle Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SeattleIT/City-of-Seattle-Generative-Artificial-Intelligence-Policy.pdf", "description": "Regulates City departments' acquisition and use of generative AI, requiring Seattle IT to approve exceptions and conduct risk reviews. Mandates human review of AI outputs, attribution, and bias reduction. Prohibits AI training using City data without controls.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 March 2024", "title": "Washington Senate Bill 5950", "url": "https://fiscal.wa.gov/statebudgets/2024proposals/Documents/co/5950-S.SL.pdf", "description": "Provide $300,000 in 2024 and $500,000 in 2025 for Seattle to lease space for technology startups, focusing on AI, and to develop curricula for worker skills in AI as a business resource.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 March 2024", "title": "Washington Senate Bill 5838 (2024)", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5838-S2.PL.pdf?q=20241117144809", "description": "Establishes a task force to assess AI use and trends, recommending guidelines and legislation. Requires examination of AI's impact on safety, privacy, and rights. Mandates reports by 2026. Defines AI-related terms. Task force expires June 30, 2027.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 March 2024", "title": "Washington House Bill 1999", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1999-S.PL.pdf#page=1", "description": "Defines digitization to include AI use in creating or altering images. Criminalizes disclosing fabricated intimate images, with AI-defined digitization as a key factor. Establishes defenses and penalties. Provides victims legal recourse for unauthorized AI-altered image disclosures.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2024", "title": "Washington Executive Order 24-01", "url": "https://governor.wa.gov/sites/default/files/exe_order/24-01%20-%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20%28tmp%29_0.pdf", "description": "Instructs WaTech to report on generative AI initiatives and develop training plans. Requires WaTech and DES to provide procurement and usage guidelines. Mandates creating an accountability framework for generative AI's ethical use. Orders assessments of AI’s impact on communities and workforce by specific deadlines.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 July 2023", "title": "Washington Senate Bill 5152", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2023-24/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/5152-S.SL.pdf?q=20241202194404", "description": "Defines \"synthetic media\" in political campaigns as manipulated media creating false impressions. Permits candidates to seek legal relief against such media use. Requires disclosure of manipulation. Holds sponsors liable, not media, unless disclosure is altered. Encourages prompt court rulings.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2021", "title": "Washington (2022) SB 5460", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=5460&Year=2021&Initiative=false", "description": "Amends autonomous vehicle testing regulations, requiring self-certifying entities to provide contact information, testing locations, vehicle identification, insurance proof, accident reports, and notify law enforcement. Permits public access to testing information and annual legislative reports. Effectively defines \"autonomous\" vehicles. Effective October 1, 2022.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 May 2021", "title": "Washington SB 5092 (2021-22), Section 151", "url": "https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2021-22/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5092-S.PL.pdf?q=20250401184223", "description": "Requires the office of the chief information officer to convene a work group to examine review and audit of automated decision systems for fairness, transparency, and accountability. Develops recommendations for state law changes on AI-enabled system use and procurement.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 March 2018", "title": "Washington (2018) HB 2970", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary/?BillNumber=2970&Year=2017&Initiative=false", "description": "Establishes a work group to develop policy recommendations for autonomous vehicle operation on Washington roads. Requires following industry developments, exploring legal changes, and engaging stakeholders. Mandates annual progress reports and recommendations for state laws and policies. Expires December 31, 2023.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Washington HB 2225 [URL: http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2225&Year=2025]", "url": "http://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=2225&Year=2025", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Washington SB 5984 [URL: https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5984&Year=2025]", "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=5984&Year=2025", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Inactive", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Washington HB 1168", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Washington+HB 1168+AI+2026", "description": "Washington legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Washington HB 1170", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Washington+HB 1170+AI+2026", "description": "Washington legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Washington HB 2503", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Washington+HB 2503+AI+2026", "description": "Washington legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Rosa Maria Cabrera Thompson v. Seattle Public Schools", "url": "/documents/1888/Thompson_v_Seattle_Public_Schools_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent district-court decision as precedent; the court found the docket number cited corresponded to a different case and could not locate the cited authority on the district's docket, and ordered show-cause re sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Dixon v. MultiCare Health System", "url": "/documents/1917/Dixon_v._Multicare_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted this existing case was cited but does not support the proposition for which plaintiff offered it (footnote 10). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent and listed it as an example of plaintiff's fabricated authority (footnote 9). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation as non-existent and listed it as an example of plaintiff's fabricated authority (footnote 9). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted this existing case was cited but does not support the proposition for which plaintiff offered it (footnote 10).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Sarah & Regina Alonso v. Jackson", "url": "/documents/1691/Sarah_v._Jackson_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case \"Allen v. Bayshore Mall\" in support of leave to amend; Court could not locate the opinion and noted possible AI-generated fabrication, warning counsel of potential Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "title": "Ryan Adam Dixon v. MultiCare Health System", "url": "/documents/1614/RYAN_ADAM_DIXON_v_MULTICARE_HEALTH_SYSTEM_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Bounds v. Smith to support a proposition; the Court found the case did not support the proposition offered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Mazza v. Washoe Cnty.; the Court identified this as a non-existent case cited by the plaintiff. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Shirley v. Precision Castparts Corp.; the Court identified this citation as non-existent. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff relied on regulatory and plan citations that the Court noted do not exist as cited (plaintiff later characterized them as typographical errors). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Ecological Rights Foundation v. Pacific Lumber Co.; the Court found the case did not support the proposition for which it was offered.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "title": "Medal v. Amazon.com Services, LLC", "url": "/documents/1629/2026-03-04_-_Amazon_-_Order_re_OSC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs repeatedly cited '21 U.S.C. § 343(r)(6)(D)', but that subsection does not exist; Plaintiffs' counsel admitted the citation arose from insufficiently supervised LLM use and the court called the inclusion unacceptable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of CAROL M. CAREY", "url": "/documents/1610/In_the_Matter_of_the_Estate_of_CAREY_USA_3_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Estate of Stoler, 113 Wn. App. 104 (2002)'; court found this citation incorrect and corresponding to State v. Neely, 113 Wn. App. 100 (a criminal case) and thus inapplicable. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Estate of Wallace v. Palmer, 103 Wn. App. 1064 (2000)', which the court noted does not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Estate of Powers, 255 Ill. App. 3d 1006 (1994)', which the court found does not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'McIntosh v. McIntosh, 282 Ga. 610, 652 S.E.2d 546 (2007)', which the court indicated does not appear to exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Estate of Griffith, 327 P.3d 612 (Colo. 2014)', which the court determined does not appear to exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Perez v. Pappas, 98 Wn.2d 835, 659 P.2d 475 (1983)', which the court found inapplicable to the estate/TEDRA issues raised.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Put A Bird On It, LLC v. Seattle Arena Holdings, LLC", "url": "/documents/1613/PUT_A_BIRD_ON_IT_USA_2_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's opening brief included AI-generated erroneous citations and false quotations—mixing fictitious captions, misattributed citations, and legal principles not supported by the cited cases; attorneys admitted the citations were produced by 'AI-based search engines' and apologized to the court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Merz v. City of Kalama", "url": "/documents/1612/Merz_v_City_of_Kalama_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Merz relied on Caruso v. Local Union 690, 107 Wn.2d 524, 529-30 (1987) to support a 'per se' defamation assertion; court found the citation misleading because the cited pages do not contain the 'per se' language Merz attributed to it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Merz cited 'Sorensen v. City of Bellingham, 15 Wn. App. 2d 730, 733, 478 P.3d 1110 (2020)' which was inaccurate/fabricated; Merz later admitted he intended to cite Norg v. City of Seattle, 200 Wn.2d 749 (2023); court noted the inaccuracy but declined to dismiss on that basis.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "Valve Corporation v. Rothschild et al.", "url": "/documents/1571/Valve_Corporation_v_Rothschild.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Defendants relied on Mukhtar without acknowledging it was subsequently overruled by later Ninth Circuit authority; plaintiff notes the failure to acknowledge overruling. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants cited a non-existent PacTool opinion and quoted text that does not exist in the case; plaintiff's counsel states the opinion does not exist and the quoted text is fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants quoted language attributed to Crow Tribe that is not contained in the opinion; plaintiff notes the case exists but the quoted text is fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants attributed a quotation to Cordis (Fed. Cir.) that does not appear in the opinion; plaintiff identifies the quote as fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants quoted Bilzerian for language about expert testimony creating an \"aura of authority\"—plaintiff states the quoted text does not appear in Bilzerian and the proposition is unsupported by that case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants partially misquoted Primiano; plaintiff notes the quoted language is incorrect and provides the correct formulation from the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Defendants attribute an “ipse dixit” quote to Micro Chem. plaintiff says the case exists but the quoted language is not found and the case does not support Defendants' broader proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants cited an Amazon.com v. Personal Web Technologies opinion that plaintiff reports does not exist in the W.D. Wash.; plaintiff identifies the opinion as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants cited Diamondback Industries v. Repeat Precision opinion and quoted a holding that plaintiff reports does not exist; plaintiff identifies the opinion/quotation as fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants cited Marx & Co. but relied on a proposition the case does not address; plaintiff notes the case exists but was misapplied. || Misrepresented: Case Law |", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Joann LeDoux v. Outliers, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1469/Ledoux_v._Outliers_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent state-court decision, \"Berg v. Chevrolet Motor Div., 84 Wn.2d 102, 108, 524 P.2d 226 (1974)\"; court identified this citation as nonexistent and noted the correct authority was Baughn v. Honda Motor Co. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiff quoted text from RCW 7.72.010(2) that does not exist and altered statutory language (Dkt. 173-1 ¶ 59); court found the quoted provision nonexistent. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff cites a purported deposition quote from James Kababick about \"post-production degradation of stimulant compounds\" that does not appear in the cited transcript; court was unable to find the quote. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to United States v. Hankey to support an evidentiary proposition, but the quoted phrase does not appear in Hankey. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff included two quoted passages attributed to Fair v. King Cnty. that do not appear in the decision the brief cites; court found the quoted language absent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language not present in In re Washington Mut. (694 F. Supp. 2d 1192 (W.D. Wash. 2009)) and in a 2011 order (2011 WL 1158387); court found the cited phrases absent and that original use was for a different proposition. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Plaintiff's expert reports (Kababick and Shippee) cite multiple articles that do not exist or are misattributed (court reviewed a table of ~10 such faulty citations and found errors). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to HSS Enters. v. AMCO Ins. (2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 31659) that does not appear in that order (the phrase \"harsh sanction\" was not found).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Dana Serine Greene v. GSK PLC", "url": "/documents/1431/DANA_SERINE_GREENE_Plaintiff_v_GSK_PLC_fka_GlaxoSmithKline_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Brockmeyer v. May but the authority does not support the proposition or contain the quoted text; court identified it among inaccurate/misused citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Freedom Watch, Inc. v. OPEC but the opinion does not contain the text she quotes; court listed it as an inaccurate citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Porsche Cars N. Am., Inc. v. Porsche.net and allegedly misquoted or misapplied its text; court flagged it as not supporting her proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Gurung v. Malhotra but the text cited is not present in that authority; court included it among suspect citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited In re LLS Am., LLC but the court found the citation did not support her quoted text and listed it among problematic citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | The opinion contains multiple citation references that are incorrect or do not actually exist; Editor's Note preserves these invalid citations as part of the record.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button et al. v. John Jimison (2)", "url": "/documents/1379/Button_v._Jimison_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a Sixth Circuit case for the proposition courts may strike 'entire documents where scandalous or irrelevant matter dominates'; the court was unable to locate that case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a case purportedly condemning efforts to label individuals as serial litigants; the court could not find the cited authority supporting that proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | In a supplemental filing, plaintiffs cited a district court case for the proposition that a 'notice of unavailability' is not recognized in federal practice; the court was unable to locate the cited authority and the citation provided led to a different case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited two Ninth Circuit opinions for the proposition that Rule 12(b) motions must be filed before a responsive pleading; the court found the quoted language does not appear in the cited opinions and was unable to locate the authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a district court case allegedly stating that striking an answer 'does not resuscitate' waived defenses; the court could not locate the cited case or quote. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed a quotation to a Ninth Circuit case claiming Rule 12(c) requires 'closed pleadings'; the court found that quote does not appear in the cited opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "title": "Collins v. Nova Association Management Partners LLC", "url": "/documents/1392/Collins_v_Nova_Association_Management_Partners_LLC.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple non-existent legal citations incorporated in Plaintiff's opposition brief (Dkt. No. 53, cited on pages 5, 6, 8–10, 13) as pointed out by the moving defendants; Court ordered counsel to list and explain them. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted inaccurate and inapt legal citations in the same brief (incorrect or miscited authorities); moving defendants highlighted these on reply and Court required counsel to explain how they appeared.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "title": "Levy v. Google LLC", "url": "/documents/1259/Levy_v._Google_USA_22_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Kelley v. Conan, 555 F.3d 630, 634 (8th Cir. 2009); the court could not locate this case and found the citation appears to be nonexistent. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff referenced 'Exhibit X' and 'Exhibit Y' in support of asserted meetings but did not file or locate those exhibits in the record; the court found the referenced exhibits were absent. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited and quoted language attributed to Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc. but provided an incorrect citation and the quoted language does not appear in the actual Diaz opinion; the court noted the citation error and that the case does not address pretext. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Villiarimo with an incorrect citation and attributed language not found in the actual Villiarimo decision; the court flagged the miscitation and misquotation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Springer v. Boeing, 138 Wash. App. 248 (1997); the court was unable to locate the case and noted the citation does not appear in legal databases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Bahrampour v. Lampert and attributed language and an employment-law proposition not present in that decision; the court noted the quotation/language does not appear in the cited opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "William McNae and Ronda McNae v. ARAG Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1036/MacNae_v._Arag_Insurance_Company_13_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Plaintiffs relied on a purported quotation from Local Civil Rule 1(c) claiming it \"permits flexibility 'in the interest of justice'\", but the rule contains no such language and the attribution was inaccurate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs attributed the quotation \"factual materials underlying an ERISA determination are discoverable\" to Abatie v. Alta Health & Life Ins. Co.; the Court found the quotation does not appear in Abatie and could not be located via Westlaw/Google.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Filing struck; monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "title": "Lareina A. Sauls v. Pierce County, et al.", "url": "/documents/971/Sauls_v._Pierce_Country_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on United States v. Mississippi, 82 F.4th 387 (5th Cir. 2023) as supporting the proposition that disability-based sanctions/adverse inferences are irreversible; the Court stated that the cited case does not discuss or support that inference.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Mitchell Taylor Button et al. v. John Jimison (1)", "url": "/documents/891/Button_v._Jimison_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a supposed Ninth Circuit case for the phrase 'to weed out meritless suits at an early stage' but the Court could not locate the cited case or the quote in any Ninth Circuit opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a Washington Court of Appeals case purportedly stating defamatory statements about private individuals 'do not become matters of public concern merely because they touch on litigation,' but the Court could not find the case or the quoted language in any Washington opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a Washington Court of Appeals case as saying UPEPA protects speech 'on issues of legitimate public debate,' but that quote does not appear in the cited opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted a Tenth Circuit opinion for the proposition '[a] litigant may not manipulate procedure to gain tactical advantage,' but the Court was unable to locate the cited Tenth Circuit opinion or the quoted language. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a Southern District of California case/order for the proposition that blanket denials do not comply with Rule 8; while a case by that name exists, the Court could not locate the specific order Plaintiffs cited. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a case from this district for the proposition the Court can strike an unintelligible answer, but the Court could not locate the cited case; the case number referenced an unassigned, administratively terminated matter.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order include signed certification", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Artur Sargsyan v. Amazon.com Inc.", "url": "/documents/893/Sargsyan_v._Amazon_USA_17_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"Board of Trustees v. RBS Group, 2008 WL 5127215;\" the Court was unable to verify the case in legal databases and characterized it as made-up, warning of Rule 11 sanctions for future fake citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-14", "title": "Robert Allen Reed et al. v. Community Health Care et al.", "url": "/documents/874/Reed_v._Community_USA_14_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited “Flores v. United States, 189 F.3d 477, 481 (9th Cir. 1999)”; the Court found this decision does not exist and identified it as part of a pattern of fictitious citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited “Abbey v. United States, 953 F.2d 639, 642 (9th Cir. 1991)”; the Court determined this decision does not exist and characterized it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited “Urrutia, 44 F.3d at 1265” as authority; the Court identified this citation among decisions that do not exist and treated it as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs relied on “State v. Kaiser, 198 Wn. App. 142 (2017)” to support a WCPA theory; the Court found no such decision exists and labeled the citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited “Right v. Breen, 128 Wn. App. 104 (2005)” for defamation law; the Court concluded this authority does not exist and flagged it as fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "title": "Johnny McMurry, Jr. v. Neiders Company LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1452/McCurry_v._Neiders_USA_14_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case in his briefing (Dkt. No. 17 at 6); the Court noted the citation was non-existent, admonished Plaintiff, and warned of possible Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court admonished plaintiff for citing a non-existent case and warned of potential Rule 11 sanctions; no sanction imposed.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "Ligeri v. Amazon.com Services", "url": "/documents/636/Ligeri_v._Amazon_USA_30_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a C.D. Cal. case to oppose consolidation; the Court found the case does not exist and the Westlaw cite leads to a Florida state-court filing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed language to Hall v. Hall about consolidation and reassignment; the Court stated the quoted text does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "Beenshoof v. Chin", "url": "/documents/339/Beenshoof_v._Chin_WD_Washington_USA_May_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a nonexistent case; the Court could not locate it on Westlaw, Lexis, or the internet and warned that citing nonexistent authority may warrant Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Washington", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No sanction imposed; court reminded Plaintiff of Rule 11 obligations", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 36, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-OR", "title": "Oregon", "entries": [ { "date": "17 April 2024", "title": "Oregon Senate Bill 5701", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Measures/Overview/SB5701", "description": "Increases funding by $100,000 for the University of Oregon Labor Education and Research Center to research AI and automation's potential workforce impacts across Oregon's key economic industries.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2024", "title": "Oregon Senate Bill 1571", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024r1/Measures/Overview/SB1571", "description": "Require campaign communications using synthetic media to disclose manipulation. Allow the Secretary of State and Attorney General to enforce compliance through legal actions and penalties. Exempt certain media and satire. Enable rule adoption for implementation. Declare an emergency for immediate effect.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 March 2024", "title": "Oregon House Bill 4153", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2024R1/Measures/Overview/HB4153", "description": "Establishes a 14-member Task Force on Artificial Intelligence in Oregon. Requires examination of AI-related terms for legislation, aligning with federal definitions. Directs submission of a report by December 1, 2024. Declares an emergency for immediate effect.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Oregon SB 1546 [URL: https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Measures/Overview/SB1546]", "url": "https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Measures/Overview/SB1546", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Shaun Fleck v. Del-One Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/1884/Fleck_v_Del-One_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'FutureGrowth Corp. v. SEC, 955 F. Supp. 3d 441 (S.D.N.Y. 2025)'; the Court and defendant could not locate the case and the Court found the citation fabricated (Westlaw only showed Fleck's own filing).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Yves Hector Vimegnon v. Gallagher Bassett Services, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1879/Vimegnon_v_Gallagher_Bassett_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Abbott v. Washington County,' which the Court could not locate and found to be a non-existent/mis-cited authority; Court warned that fabricated authority may justify sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Stafford v. Andrew Taffet, et al.", "url": "/documents/1829/Stafford_v._Taffet_USA_23_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Campbell v. MERS, 2012 WL 3901716, at *5 (D. Or.)'; the court confirmed no such Oregon federal case exists (only an unrelated Texas state decision and the Oregon docket number corresponded to a different case). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Tucker v. HSBC, 2014 WL 431965, at *5 (C.D. Cal. 2014)'; the court confirmed no such C.D. Cal. decision exists under that citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Galindo v. Financial Freedom, 2020 WL 3619048, at *5 (C.D. Cal. 2020)' (and variants); the court confirmed no such case exists and the provided citation actually corresponds to unrelated union pension litigation in the S.D.N.Y. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'McGinnis v. MERS, No. 6:11-cv-06273-TC (D. Or. Aug. 17, 2011)'; the court confirmed no such Oregon federal case exists with that number or name. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Schweitzer v. FHLMC, No. 3:13-cv-0181, 2013 WL 4279629 (D. Or. Aug. 29, 2013)'; the court confirmed no such Oregon federal case exists and the provided case number corresponded to a Social Security appeal.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "David Martin v. ODS Community Dental Insurance et al.", "url": "/documents/1560/Martin_v._ODS_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributes a quote to Zschernig v. Miller (citing 389 U.S. 429, 432) that the court found does not appear on the cited page or anywhere in the case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cites Hartman v. Moore, Estelle v. Gamble, and Washington v. Glucksberg in rhymed verse and without full or supporting citations; the court found these citations inaccurate or incomplete.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Keith Powell v. Employment Dep. & First Congregational Church of Portland", "url": "/documents/1493/Keith_POWELL_Petitioner_v_EMPLOYMENT_DEPARTMENT_and_First_Congregational_C.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Briefs contained several citations to completely fabricated cases that could not be located in any Oregon law reporter or database; court found them nonexistent and declined to consider them. || False Quotes: Case Law | Briefs included multiple purported quotations the court could not find in the cited Oregon cases or elsewhere in Oregon law; quotations were determined to be inaccurate or nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Claims cited cases that were unrelated to the propositions for which they were cited, i.e., inaccurately applied or misrepresented precedents.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "McNeal v. United Food and Commercial Workers Local 555; Safeway, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1375/Mcneal_v._United_Food_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent appellate decision 'Frey v. [ODOC], 204 P.3d 135 (Or. Ct. App. 2009)'; opposing counsel flagged the citation and the court explicitly warned the plaintiff that the opinion appears fabricated and may have been generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-12", "title": "Troy Allen Berg v. Mandi Marie Wondra", "url": "/documents/1245/Berg_v._Wondra_USA_12_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Petitioner relied on a Ninth Circuit decision that was subsequently vacated by the Supreme Court. || False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioner attributed a non-existent passage to Monasky (footnote 3) and quoted language not in the opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner cited Cuellar v. Joyce for the proposition regarding the mature-child defense though that case does not discuss the defense. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Petitioner cited Blondin for a quoted principle it does not contain and which the Court noted has been effectively abrogated by later Supreme Court authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited a British case that does not exist; Court's exhaustive search found no such authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Donnie Yarn and Deshawn Murphy v. Trader Joe's", "url": "/documents/1151/Yarn_et_al._v_Traders_joe_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Miskew v. Hess, 211 Or. App. 499 (2007),' which the court found does not exist and noted may have been created by a generative AI tool; the citation prompted an order to show cause re sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Oregon", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Ringo v. Colquhoun Design Studio, LLC", "url": "/documents/1122/Ringo_v._Colquhoun_Design_Studio_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Second fabricated case citation in respondents' brief; court determined the cited authority does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | One of two fabricated case citations included in respondents' brief; court determined the cited authority does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | A substantive statement of law attributed to an existing case was fabricated (a false quotation/attribution); court found the attribution and statement to be nonexistent or false.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Oregon", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Brief struck", "monetary_penalty": "2000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 13, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-AZ", "title": "Arizona", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-06-15", "title": "City of Tempe Ethical Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://tempe.hylandcloud.com/AgendaOnline/Documents/ViewDocument/ETHICAL%20ARTIFICAL%20INTELLIGENCE%20POLICY.DOCX.pdf?meetingId=1451&documentType=Agenda&itemId=5692&publishId=9354&isSection=false", "description": "Establishes guidelines in Tempe for ethical AI use, emphasizing transparency, fairness, and accountability. Requires departments and Information Technology to collaborate on AI reviews. Mandates regular assessments and stakeholder engagement. Ensures adherence to legal standards and privacy protection. Promotes AI literacy and compliance.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 May 2024", "title": "Arizona 2024 Senate Bill 1359", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/80882", "description": "Prohibits creating and distributing deceptive deepfakes of election candidates without clear AI-generated content disclosure within 90 days before elections. Exempts satire, parody, and interactive computer services. Imposes civil penalties for non-disclosure violations. Defines key terms including \"creator\" and \"synthetic media.\"", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "Arizona 2024 House Bill 2394", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/80254", "description": "Prohibits digital impersonation using AI to deceive voters in Arizona elections. Allows candidates or citizens to seek declaratory relief within two years of impersonation. Shields service providers from liability for third-party content. Requires clear and convincing evidence for relief.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 May 2023", "title": "An Act Providing for Transferring and Renumbering; Amending Section 41-2414, Arizona Revised Statutes, as Transferred and Renumbered; Relating to Crime Victims", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/1R/bills/HB2482H.pdf", "description": "Creates a law enforcement crime victims notification system to (a) automatically update crime victims on their crime reports, investigations, and cases, and (b) respond to citizens' questions and comments through an artificial intelligence virtual agent. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 April 2023", "title": "State of Arizona Senate Bill 1565, An Act Amending Sections 16-442, 16-552 and 16-621, Arizona Revised Statutes; Relating to Conduct of Elections.", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/56leg/1R/bills/SB1565S.htm", "description": "Bans the use of artificial intelligence in counting, processing, or adjudicating ballots, and in verifying voters' affidavits, in Arizona.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Arizona HB 2311 [URL: https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/84047]", "url": "https://apps.azleg.gov/BillStatus/BillOverview/84047", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Arizona HB 4098", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Arizona+HB 4098+AI+2026", "description": "Arizona legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Arizona SB 1786", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Arizona+SB 1786+AI+2026", "description": "Arizona legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "title": "Kevin D. Turnage v. Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., et al.", "url": "/documents/1910/Turnage_v._Kennedy_USA_2_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff purports to quote 29 C.F.R. § 1614.110(b) for a 180-day decision requirement, but that language does not appear; court notes the correct provision is likely 29 C.F.R. § 1614.106(e)(2). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Gao v. United States, 2019 WL 11199934 (D. Ariz. Oct. 23, 2019); the Court was unable to locate this case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Miller v. United States, 2009 WL 1532834 (D. Ariz. Apr. 30, 2009); the Court was unable to locate this case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on 'Yomi v. United States Dept. of Health & Human Services, 970 8754 (D. Kan. 2022),' which the Court could not locate and treated as a fictitious citation. || Fabricated: Other | Court observed the plaintiff cited additional unlocatable or fictitious authorities beyond those specifically identified.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Federal Trade Commission v. James D. Noland, Jr., et al.", "url": "/documents/1891/FTC_v._Noland_USA_31_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed Individual Defendants’ filings contained hallucinated or otherwise inaccurate case citations (no specific fabricated citations listed in the order).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Chelsea Montes v. Suns Legacy Partners LLC", "url": "/documents/1872/Montes_v._Suns_Legacy_Partners_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Response to motion to dismiss included 'McIntyre v. Phx. Newspapers, Inc.' citation that was fabricated/mis-cited as filed. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply in support of anonymity contained multiple 'Doe v. ...' citations (e.g., Amazon) presented with Westlaw/West reporter info that did not exist as cited and were removed or corrected. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply included 'Doe v. Maricopa County Community College District, 2017 WL 4460441 (D. Ariz. Oct. 5, 2017)' that counsel could not identify as a real corresponding opinion; court treated it as fabricated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply cited 'Doe v. Northrop Grumman Sys. Corp., 2022 WL 3447983 (E.D. Va. Aug. 17, 2022)' as authority; court found the citation was misreferenced/ fabricated as used. || Fabricated: Case Law | Initial complaint cited a non-existent case and parenthetical about Equal Pay Act plausibility; court found the citation fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Response to motion to dismiss cited 'Pizzo v. City of Chandler' as a 2021 D. Ariz. opinion; court determined the citation was fabricated as presented. || False Quotes: Case Law | Filings contained quoted phrases attributed to Ahanchian that did not appear verbatim in the opinion; court found they were paraphrased or presented as false quotations. || False Quotes: Case Law | Filings included fabricated/direct-quotation-style phrases attributed to other real cases (e.g., Briones, Sibley, Valley Eng'rs) that were not direct quotes in those opinions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order; CLE; Notification", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "title": "Segui v. Moniz", "url": "/documents/1839/Segui_v._Moniz_USA_24_march_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' counsel cited a nonexistent Arizona appellate decision 'Barker v. Brown & Brown, 210 Ariz. 321, 110 P.3d 1011 (Ct. App. 2005)'; the Court found the citation fabricated, noted the legal proposition was incorrect, and ordered counsel to show cause under Rule 11.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Hunter v. TForce Freight Incorporated", "url": "/documents/1648/Hunter_v_TForce_Freight_Incorporated_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of Kuerschner", "url": "/documents/1611/In_the_Matter_of_the_Estate_of_KUERSCHNER_USA_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited “Orlandini v. Crawford (Arizona Court of Appeals),” which the court could not locate and concluded does not appear to exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant quoted language attributed to Wallace that does not appear in the Wallace decision and miscited the citation (pointed to Zambrano instead); court identified the quoted language as false and the citation as incorrect. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant claimed Takieh v. O'Meara vacated sanctions; the court noted Takieh actually upheld sanctions and appellant's description mischaracterized the decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited In re Estate of Stewart for a proposition about cautious fee awards, but the court observed Stewart does not discuss attorney fees and the citation was unsupported.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-27", "title": "In the Matter of the Estate of Arturo Lopez", "url": "/documents/1586/Lopez_v._Dominguez_USA_27_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's briefs included fabricated legal citations and defective citations; the court concluded several citations contained substantial defects and appeared fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's briefs contained fabricated or false quotations attributed to legal authorities; the court found the quotations unsupported and likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Perry v. Exeter Finance LLC", "url": "/documents/1580/Perry_v._Exeter_Finance_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed the citation 'Chavez v. Bank of Am., 2014 WL 2159382 (D. Ariz. 2014)' provided by Plaintiff does not return the case identified. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court noted Plaintiff misattributes an apparently fabricated quotation to a real case, citing 'Matterhorn, Inc. v. NCR Corp., 763 F.2d 866, 868 (7th Cir. 1985)'. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed the citation 'Anderson v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 306 F.3d 726 (9th Cir. 2002)' provided by Plaintiff does not return the case identified.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "In re termination of parental rights (HK)", "url": "/documents/1584/In_re_termination_of_parental_rights_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Mother cited JS-501568, 177 Ariz. at 577, attributing multiple sentences the court could not find, including 'a parent's ability to maintain a relationship must be judged by what they do, not what another parent does or does not do' and 'minimal efforts do not preclude abandonment ... sporadic or infrequent contact is not normal parental contact.' The court concluded these quotes are not in that opinion. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Mother's brief quoted A.R.S. § 8-531(1) as stating: '[a]bandonment is measured by a parent's conduct, not the parent's subjective intent.' The court found this quoted statutory language does not appear in § 8-531(1). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Mother's brief attributed language to A.R.S. § 8-533(B)(1) stating abandonment is established when a parent has failed to maintain a normal parental relationship 'without just cause.' The court found the statute does not contain the quoted phrasing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Mother's brief attributed a non-existent quote to Raymond F. v. Dep't of Econ. Sec., 224 Ariz. 373, 378, ¶ 21 (App. 2010): '[a] parent who creates barriers to contact through substance abuse cannot claim just cause for his failure to maintain a relationship.' The court found this quotation does not appear in Raymond F.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "Gerow v. Falcone", "url": "/documents/1567/Gerow_v_Falcone.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Pro se plaintiff cited AROK Construction Co. v. Shipley, 235 Ariz. 163, 166, 329 P.3d 1051, 1054 (Ct. App. 2014); the Court found that the case does not exist at that citation and could not locate the quoted language, and thus did not rely on it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "Nia Elan Davis v. American Airlines, et al.", "url": "/documents/1535/Davis_v._American_Airlines_USA_17_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opposition (Doc. 35 at 4) cited a non-existent case; defendant flagged it as fictitious in reply and sought sanctions; plaintiff later filed a notice withdrawing the citation; court did not impose sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "In re the Matter of: Abius Rosas Carreon", "url": "/documents/1468/In_re_Carreon_v._Rosas_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Court found Father's brief contained fabricated quotations attributed to cited cases; quotations were not supported by the authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court observed several incomplete and defective citations in Father's brief suggesting invented or fabricated authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified misrepresentation of authorities where cited cases were used to support premises the Court found unsupported by those authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "Offen Petroleum v. L&J Express", "url": "/documents/1470/Offen_Petroleum_LLC_v_LAndJ_Express_LLC_et_al_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion cites a nonexistent case (case cited does not exist). || False Quotes: Case Law | Motion contains quoted materials that do not appear in the cases cited (quotes attributed to cited cases are not in those opinions). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion includes case citations that do not support the explanatory phrase presented alongside the citation (misstates the holdings/support).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Ihor Chopko v. Fidelity National Title Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1414/IHOR_CHOPKO_PlaintiffAppellant_v_FIDELITY_NATIONAL_TITLE_INSURANCE_COMPANY.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple fabricated quotations in appellant's briefs and described them as unsupported or false. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found fictitious case citations among appellant's legal citations (fictitious cases or false case citations) and noted substantial defects in those citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Mykhal Lloyd Polite v. TitleMax of Arizona", "url": "/documents/1387/Mykhal_Lloyd_Polite_Plaintiff_v_TitleMax_of_Arizona_Incorporated_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Volesky v. Department of Child Safety", "url": "/documents/1418/Volesky_v_Department_of_Child_Safety.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'In re Dependency of D.F.-M., 236 Ariz. 33, 36 (App. 2014)'; the court explained the name corresponds to a Washington juvenile case (157 Wash.App.179) while the Arizona reporter citation refers to an unrelated Arizona criminal case (State v. Flores), concluding the citation is incorrect/fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Oluronke Briana Adusei v. Colleen Auer, et al.", "url": "/documents/1372/Adusei_v._Auer_USA_20_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on a cited authority 'Blessinger v. DPS' in support of a Title VI argument; the Court stated it was unable to locate the case and deemed the citation erroneous. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Ryan v. Cty. of Maricopa' in support of her reading of A.R.S. § 41-1463; the Court stated it was unable to locate the case and treated the citation as erroneous.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "title": "Mavy v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration", "url": "/documents/1309/Mavy_v._Commissionner_USA_13_January_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Cited district court decision Hobbs does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Lubin was quoted as forbidding ALJs from disregarding moderate CPP limitations without explanation; that language is not in Lubin. || False Quotes: Case Law | Garrison was cited as holding ALJs must connect symptoms to functional limitations in the RFC; no such express holding appears at p. 1017. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Garrison was quoted with an added phrase not in the case; only the first portion (as a parenthetical to a Seventh Circuit case) appears, the latter part does not. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Lingenfelter was quoted as stating narcotic pain treatment is not inconsistent with disabling pain testimony; no such quote exists. || False Quotes: Case Law | Trevizo was cited as requiring consideration of waxing and waning impairments; the case contains no such discussion or requirement. || False Quotes: Case Law | Revels was quoted as saying fibromyalgia symptoms are 'entirely subjective' and must be evaluated accordingly; that language does not appear in Revels. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Garrison was cited for a requirement that the RFC reflect all impairments in combination; p. 1016 does not contain such a requirement. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Barrett was cited (and mislabeled as Ninth Circuit) for remand due to obesity’s impact on fibromyalgia/DDD; the case does not mention obesity, fibromyalgia, or disc disease. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Orn was cited as requiring the ALJ to explain how impairments are accommodated in the RFC; no such requirement appears at p. 639. || False Quotes: Case Law | Revels was attributed the quote that fibromyalgia symptoms are entirely subjective and have no lab tests; that quoted language does not appear in Revels. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brink was cited for simple, routine tasks limits; the quoted phrase is slightly different and the proposition is inapposite. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited distri", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Revocation of pro hac vice status, striking of the brief", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Wireless Investors LLC v. Semtech Incorporated, et al.", "url": "/documents/1256/Wireless_Investors_v._Semtech_In_USA_18_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed quotations to authorities that the Court found did not exist in the cited opinions (nonexistent quotes). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff misstated the holdings of cited cases and relied on authorities that did not support its arguments.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "title": "Jodell Dodge v. FirstService Residential Arizona LLC", "url": "/documents/1195/Dodge_v._FirstService_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited case does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Case exists but the pincite and support cited are incorrect; quoted proposition not at the cited page. || False Quotes: Case Law | Case exists but the quoted language does not appear at the cited location; pincite incorrect. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the brief attributed language to the case that does not appear there (misquoted/attributed). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Quoted language mostly correct but the brief improperly added wording ('discriminatory') and misattributed internally quoted language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court concluded the cited case was relied upon for a proposition it does not actually support; the brief misstates the case's holdings.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Federally Lawyer", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Robert Cole Stemkowski Goldman v. Arizona Board of Regents", "url": "/documents/966/Robert_Cole_Stemkowski_Goldman_v._Arizona_Board_of_Regents_USA_29_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language attributed to Johnson v. City of Shelby that does not appear in that decision; Court notes the quoted text is not in the cited opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Pearson v. Callahan while characterizing it as supporting the opposite proposition; Court explains Pearson actually endorses early resolution of qualified-immunity questions. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Ninth Circuit opinion to support the proposition that qualified-immunity dismissals are premature; Court and defendants could not locate the case and characterized it as hallucinatory.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "title": "Nima Ghadimi v. Arizona Bank & Trust, et al.", "url": "/documents/877/Ghadimi_v._Arizona_Bank_Trust_USA_15_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Contreras v. BlueCross Blue Shield of Ariz., No. CV-20-01915-PHX-JAT, 2021 WL 252719, at *2 (D. Ariz. Jan. 26, 2021)'; the court found the case number/Westlaw citation do not return the identified case and treated it as a likely fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Williams v. Ariz. Dep’t of Corr., No. CV-19-01834-PHX-GMS, 2020 WL 4016022, at *2 (D. Ariz. July 16, 2020)'; the court found the case number/Westlaw citation do not return the identified case and treated it as a likely fabricated citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "Thompson v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration", "url": "/documents/785/Thompson_v_Commissioner_of_Social_Security_Administration.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Opening Brief contained a quotation attributed to an existing case that did not actually appear in that form; the portion was stricken. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opening Brief mischaracterized a proposition from an existing case; the portion was stricken. || Fabricated: Case Law | Opening Brief cited a non-existent case (fabricated case citation); the portion was stricken. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Opening Brief miscited a case that did not address the asserted issue; the portion was stricken.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Portions of the Opening Brief were stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Pineda v. Campos", "url": "/documents/1134/Pineda_v._Campos_USA_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Cardoso v. Soldo' with reporter information that actually corresponds to a different opinion (Lund v. Myers) and the cited authority did not support counsel's proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Arjona v. Arjona to support a proposition about orders of protection, but the Arjona memorandum decision did not involve domestic violence or an order of protection and was vacated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Leon v. Plaza with incorrect reporter information and mischaracterized the case's holdings regarding naming specific incidents and statutory offenses. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed quotations to Savord v. Morton that do not appear in that opinion; the court found the quoted language absent from Savord.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Arizona", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Referral to State bar; Ex officio adverse costs order", "monetary_penalty": "1 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-30", "title": "Gustafson v. Amazon.com", "url": "/documents/345/Gustafson_v._Amazon.com_Incorporated_D._Arizona_April_30_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case to argue the Hague Service Convention permits email service; the Court noted the authority does not exist and warned of Rule 11 sanctions. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff asserted a February 18, 2025 letter (Exhibit A) where 'Sophia' confirmed representing all four foreign defendants, but no such letter was provided; the only attached July 19, 2024 letter stated she represents only one defendant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "Arnaoudoff v. Tivity Health Incorporated", "url": "/documents/369/Arnaoudoff_v._Tivity_Health_Incorporated_D._Arizona_USA_March_11_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff’s objection repeatedly cited nonexistent cases, which the Court labeled as fake cases and agreed to disregard after Defendants flagged the issue. || Fabricated: Case Law | To argue that lack of counsel made the settlement involuntary, Plaintiff relied on nonexistent case law; the Court found no such authority exists. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Alcaide v. Thomas as supporting her position on unenforceability, but the case actually held the parties were bound by their settlement. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff admitted she used ChatGPT and external tools that produced erroneous, fake case citations in her objections.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Court ignored fake citations and granted motion to correct the record", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-09-06", "title": "Transamerica Life v. Williams", "url": "/documents/354/Transamerica_Life_Ins._Co._v._Williams_D._Arizona_USA_September_6_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited case does not exist and was used to support Williams’s arguments. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Tenth Circuit case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Fourth Circuit case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Ninth Circuit case does not exist. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Court held Williams misapplied these statutes; they concern assignment of payment for services and nonforfeiture options, not insurer interest obligations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Arizona", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 35, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-MD", "title": "Maryland", "entries": [ { "date": "16 May 2024", "title": "Maryland Senate Bill 360", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/sb0360?ys=2024RS", "description": "Allocates $500,000 to Morgan State University's Center for Equitable AI and Machine Learning Systems, with funds restricted from transfer to other purposes and reverting to the General Fund if unspent.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "09 May 2024", "title": "Maryland House Bill 1128", "url": "https://legiscan.com/MD/text/HB1128/2024", "description": "Establishes the Talent Innovation Program to enhance AI job training using innovative financing. Creates a nonlapsing Talent Innovation Fund to support the program, including AI sector initiatives. Allows fund investments and requires annual reporting to government officials starting in 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "09 May 2024", "title": "Maryland Senate Bill 1068", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/SB1068?ys=2024rs", "description": "Requires the Maryland Department of Information Technology to evaluate AI's potential in developing a statewide virtual 3–1–1 portal for nonemergency government information and services, and if feasible, prioritize its creation by July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 April 2024", "title": "Maryland House Bill 1390", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2024RS/bills/hb/hb1390e.pdf", "description": "Requires the Interagency Commission on School Construction to report on the eligibility for school construction funding for AI weapon detection systems by December 15, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "08 January 2024", "title": "Maryland State Executive Order 01.01.2024.02", "url": "https://governor.maryland.gov/Lists/ExecutiveOrders/Attachments/31/EO%2001.01.2024.02%20Catalyzing%20the%20Responsible%20and%20Productive%20Use%20of%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20in%20Maryland%20State%20Government_Accessible.pdf", "description": "Establishes an AI Subcabinet to ensure responsible AI use by Maryland state agencies, promoting principles of fairness, transparency, and innovation, while safeguarding privacy and security. Requires development of an AI Action Plan and training programs for state employees.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "08 May 2023", "title": "Maryland House Bill 622", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/legislation/details/hb0622?ys=2023RS", "description": "Establishes a grant program for small and medium-sized manufacturers to adopt Industry 4.0 technologies, including AI. Allocates grants competitively, requiring matching funds. Creates a special fund for grants. Mandates annual budget appropriations to support the program until 2028.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 July 2021", "title": "Maryland 2020 HB49", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2020rs/bills_noln/hb/thb0049.pdf", "description": "Requires jurisdictions using pretrial risk scoring instruments for release eligibility to conduct independent validation studies every 3-5 years. Establishes a grant fund for eligible counties to set up or improve pretrial services and conduct these validations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Maryland HB 952 [URL: https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0952?ys=2026rs]", "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Legislation/Details/hb0952?ys=2026rs", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Abybatou Mbow v. Officer Michael Mackert et al.", "url": "/documents/1420/Mbow_v._Mackert_USA_28_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent decision as \"Bush v. Lucas, 598 F. Supp. 3d 303, 316 (D. Md. 2022)\"; Court found no such case at that citation and noted the closest match is a different 5th Circuit opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel quoted language attributed to Okwa v. Harper that does not appear in that opinion; Court observed the quoted language is absent from Okwa. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel cited Haines v. Vogel as supporting that non-consensual sexualized photography during arrest is \"outrageous,\" but Court found Haines did not involve an arrest or sexualized photography and dismissed the asserted support. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Md. Comm'n on Hum. Rels. v. Balt. Cty., 439 A.2d 1121 (Md. 1982)\" for a proposition; Court identified the reporter information corresponds to Fields v. State, 439 A.2d 1121 (1982), not the named case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited \"Eichholz v. Camp, 36 F.4th 908, 917 (4th Cir. 2022)\"; Court noted the reporter information more closely matches an unrelated Ninth Circuit opinion and the citation is inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Holloway v. State, 232 Md. App. 272, 290 (2017) with a pinpoint page that does not exist (opinion ends at p.285) and relied on it for an unrelated proposition; Court noted the page and proposition are incorrect. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel mis-summarized or misquoted multiple Fourth Circuit cases (e.g., misquoting Colleton Preparatory Acad. and United States v. Moradi); Court flagged these misquotes in its opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Future Field Solutions, LLC v. Van Norstrand", "url": "/documents/1461/Future_Field_Solutions_LLC_v_Van_Norstrand_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply mischaracterized the pleadings by stating 'Count III of the Counterclaim principally seeks...equitable relief,' while the court observed Count III principally sought compensatory damages. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply contained incorrect or unspecified case citations and atypical errors suggesting non-vetted, AI-like drafting; court noted incorrect citations and unusual grammatical errors as part of the concern. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply brief asserted that Defendants argued 'where there is no merger paper, there is no successor liability,' which the court found Defendants made no such argument. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply brief claimed Defendants contended successor-liability doctrines do not apply to LLCs; court found no such argument in the record. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply falsely asserted that Defendants migrated Van Norstrand's personal Google content into Office 365 and produced it, but the court records show Van Norstrand himself testified he migrated the content. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply contained materially incorrect factual timeline claims (e.g., alleging insider spouse-loans, PeriArchon purchase, Lockheed contract diversion, and lockouts occurred before dates supported by the record); court listed these as false assertions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Future Field Solutions v. Nordstrand", "url": "/documents/1393/FUTURE_FIELD_SOLUTIONS_LLC_et_al_v_ERIK_VAN_NORSTRAND.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply contained inaccurate timeline/factual assertions about when alleged actions occurred (court identified timing errors). || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply claimed Counterclaim Defendants argued a point they did not (false characterization of opposing brief). || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply falsely stated that Counterclaim Defendants migrated Van Norstrand's personal Google content into Office 365 and produced it; court found that Van Norstrand himself migrated the content. || Fabricated: Case Law | Reply included incorrect or erroneous case citations and other legal citations and grammatical errors flagged by opposing party and the court. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Reply attributed an argument to Counterclaim Defendants that they never made (false characterization).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "No Sanctions at this time", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Tafah et al. v. Lake Village Townhomes et al.", "url": "/documents/1481/Tafah_v._Lake_Village_Townhomes_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'White v. Olathe Housing Auth., 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6029 (D. Kan. 1997)', but the court noted the reporter entry corresponds to Shakman v. Democratic Org., 1997 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 6029 (N.D. Ill. 1997), reflecting an inaccurate/misplaced citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Bourne v. Gatliff Building Co., 380 F.3d 848 (5th Cir. 2004)', a citation the court found does not appear to exist and noted the closest match is Matchett v. Dretke, 380 F.3d 844 (5th Cir. 2004). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Corey v. Secretary of Housing & Urban Dev., 719 F.2d 122 (5th Cir. 1983)', but the court identified the correct reporter/volume corresponds to Baber v. Edman, 719 F.2d 122 (5th Cir. 1983), indicating a misattributed case name.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "PRM Group, Inc. v. Paralegal Bootcamp LLC", "url": "/documents/1683/PRM_Group_v._Paralegal_Bootcamp_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Motion to Dismiss contained multiple fictitious case authorities; Plaintiff could not locate nine cited cases and alerted defendants; Court cited 'citation of fictitious legal authority' as grounds for show-cause. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants mischaracterized valid legal authority in the Motion to Dismiss; Court included these misrepresentations in its show-cause order. || Misrepresented: Other | Defendants filed a motion to amend without disclosing the presence of the fictitious citations, which the Court treated as an attempt to mislead the Court about the reason for amendment.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-16", "title": "Taylor v. Prince George’s County, Maryland", "url": "/documents/1194/Taylor_v._Prince_Goerge_Country_USA_16_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited Arnold v. Burger King Corp., 719 F.2d 63, 65 (4th Cir. 1983) as a per curiam opinion reversing a fee award; the court notes Arnold is a real case but not per curiam and it affirmed a fee award. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited \"Bruce & Tanya & Assocs., Inc. v. Board of Supervisors, 795 F. App'x 157, 165-66 (4th Cir. 2019)\" but 795 F. App'x 157 is Wilborn v. Mansukhani and Bruce & Tanya's correct reporter citation is different and its holding was misstated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs quoted language attributed to EEOC v. Great Steaks, Inc., 667 F.3d 510, 516 (4th Cir. 2012) (e.g., 'fees for defendants appropriate only in \"egregious cases\"'), but the opinion does not contain the quoted language.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Neal v. Frayer", "url": "/documents/1063/Neal_v._Frayer_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited and purported to quote a D. Md. case 'Gottfredson v. Hoyer, 492 F. Supp. 2d 399 (D. Md. 2007)' which the Court could not locate; AI output likewise fabricated detailed content for this nonexistent opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Brown v. Daniel Realty Co., 922 A.2d 1146, 1155–56 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 2007)' — reporter/pagination matches a Connecticut opinion and the Maryland Brown opinion (949 A.2d 6 (Md. App. 2008)) does not support the proposition cited. || Misrepresented: Case Law | A citation provided by Plaintiffs (reported as Gottfredson) corresponds instead to Brenner v. Heavener, 492 F. Supp. 2d 399 (S.D.N.Y. 2007); Plaintiffs misattributed/substituted a different case and jurisdiction. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Adams v. Rice, 40 F.3d 72 (4th Cir. 1994) as supporting a collateral estoppel point though the opinion addresses IFP dismissal under §1915 and does not discuss collateral estoppel. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel placed a parenthetical quote attributed to Jones v. Buchanan, 325 F.3d 520 (4th Cir. 2003) ('a minimal level of force' can violate rights) that does not appear in the opinion; the opinion instead involved substantial force.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "title": "Mezu v. Mezu", "url": "/documents/959/Mezu_v._Mezu_USA_29_October_2025.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief contained multiple fictitious case citations generated by AI (cases that did not exist). Court found citations were fabricated and not verifiable. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cited existent cases that did not stand for the propositions for which they were cited (misrepresentation of precedent). || False Quotes: Case Law | Brief included misquoted passages and quotations attributed to cases that were inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Maryland", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Referral to Attorney Grievance Commission", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-19", "title": "United States v. Malik", "url": "/documents/821/United_States_v_Malik.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Doctrinal Work | Purported quote from an upcoming U.S. Sentencing Guidelines amendment instructing courts to consider inability to obtain professional license; court found the amendment does not contain that language. || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Citations to several state administrative codes that either do not exist or do not contain the attributed prohibition on re-licensure while on supervised release.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Maryland", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 17, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-HI", "title": "Hawaii", "entries": [ { "date": "07 August 2024", "title": "Hawaii Senate Bill 2284 (Relating To A Wildfire Forecast System For Hawaii)", "url": "https://legiscan.com/HI/text/SB2284/id/2929133", "description": "Requires the University of Hawaii to establish a two-year program using AI to develop a wildfire forecast system. Appropriates $1,000,000 for this purpose. Mandates reporting on program effectiveness and recommendations before the 2026 legislative session.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "03 July 2024", "title": "Hawaii Senate Bill 2687", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=2687&year=2024", "description": "Prohibits reckless distribution of materially deceptive media using AI during elections. Establishes criminal penalties and civil remedies for violations. Exempts certain broadcasters and services. Requires disclaimers for manipulated media. Defines AI and materially deceptive media.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 May 2024", "title": "Hawaii House Concurrent Resolution 71", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/archives/measure_indiv_Archives.aspx?billtype=HCR&billnumber=71&year=2024", "description": "Request the Department of Health to convene a Stakeholder Working Group to assess language access in healthcare, including AI impacts, and to recommend enhancements. Require a report to the Legislature by 2025 detailing findings, recommendations, and proposed legislation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "03 April 2019", "title": "Senate Resolution requesting the State to convene an Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee to investigate how to implement, develop, and regulate artificial intelligence in the State.", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/session2019/bills/SR142_.HTM", "description": "Establishes an AI advisory committee in Hawaii to investigate how to implement, develop, and regulate AI in the state. Requires the committee to survey AI applications in other governments, methods for encouraging AI R&D in Hawaii, and potential dangers of, and regulatory systems for, integrating AI into state operations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Hawaii SB 3001 [URL: https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=3001&year=2026]", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=SB&billnumber=3001&year=2026", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Hawaii HB 1782 [URL: https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1782&year=2026]", "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billtype=HB&billnumber=1782&year=2026", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Hawaii SB 59", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Hawaii+SB 59+AI+2026", "description": "Hawaii legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Hawaii SB 2967", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Hawaii+SB 2967+AI+2026", "description": "Hawaii legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Hawaii HB 2500", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Hawaii+HB 2500+AI+2026", "description": "Hawaii legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Megan E. Bryan v. Child Support Enforcement Agency, State of Hawaiʻi", "url": "/documents/1881/Bryan_v._Hawaii_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited non-existent 'State v. Burdett' as a 1981 opinion at 63 Haw. 357; the actual case at that citation is State v. Masaniai, 63 Haw. 354, 628 P.2d 1018 (1981), which does not address family court jurisdiction. Court found the citation fabricated and unsupported. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petition included four additional inaccurate or non-existent case citations that did not support the propositions for which they were cited; court characterized these as hallucinated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Hawaiʻi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Taft v. Thomas et al.", "url": "/documents/771/Taft_v._Thomas_USA_July_24_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Several citations of law that do not exist", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Hawaii", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "100 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-09-20", "title": "Martin v. Hawai", "url": "/documents/353/Martin_v._Hawai_D._Hawai_USA_August_20_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited Crenshaw v. City of Defuniak Springs, 891 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2018); the Court stated this citation is not accurate and appears fictitious. || False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioner quoted Morford for an equal-protection rule about unavailability of an impartial judge; the Court said the quotation appears fictitious and the citation is not accurate. || False Quotes: Case Law | Petitioner quoted Holley for a liberal-construction rule on removal deadlines; the Court said the quotation appears fictitious and the citation is not accurate. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited Huffman v. Bright, 636 F. Supp. 133 (D. Colo. 1986); the Court stated this citation is not accurate and appears fictitious. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Petitioner asserted that removal statutes should be construed generously to protect federal rights; the Court held the Ninth Circuit requires strict construction and resolves doubts against removal. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Petitioner claimed an evidentiary hearing was required before remand; the Court explained § 1455(4)-(5) permits summary remand when facially deficient.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Hawaii", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning, and Order to file further submissions with Declaration", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-CT", "title": "Connecticut", "entries": [ { "date": "06 June 2024", "title": "An Act Authorizing And Adjusting Bonds Of The State And Concerning Provisions Related To State And Municipal Tax Administration, General Government And School Building Projects", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/CGABillStatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=HB5524", "description": "Establishes an AI education tool pilot program for selected school districts, requiring compliance with privacy laws. Provides professional development for educators on using AI tools in classrooms, focusing on safety, benefits, and legal compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "07 June 2023", "title": "Connecticut Substitute Senate Bill 1103", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=SB01103&which_year=2023", "description": "Requires state agencies to inventory and annually assess AI systems for discrimination risks, and mandates the development of AI governance policies by February 2024. Prohibits AI implementation without impact assessments and establishes a working group to recommend AI best practices and future legislation.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "07 June 2023", "title": "An Act Concerning Artificial Intelligence, Automated Decision-Making and Personal Data Privacy", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2023/ACT/PA/PDF/2023PA-00016-R00SB-01103-PA.PDF", "description": "Requires the state government to establish a public inventory of its use of artificial intelligence systems and to mandate impact assessments of its AI systems to prevent unlawful discrimination; establishes a working group to make recommendations on the state government's use of AI systems", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 June 2017", "title": "Connecticut (2017) SB 260", "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&which_year=2017&bill_num=260", "description": "Establishes a pilot program for municipalities to allow testing of fully autonomous vehicles, requiring operator oversight and insurance. Prohibits testing on limited access highways. Forms a task force to study and recommend regulations for autonomous vehicles, with progress reporting mandated.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Connecticut SB 5", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Connecticut+SB 5+AI+2026", "description": "Connecticut legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Christopher A. Ambrose v. Bandy X. Lee", "url": "/documents/1914/Ambrose_v._Lee_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Tyler v. Tyler to argue personal (in-hand) service is required in defamation actions; court found the citation inapposite and noted the misstatement. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited and relied on Martin v. Hearst Corp. and Hustler v. Falwell to support striking IIED claims; court found those authorities misread or inapplicable. || Misrepresented: Other | Court identified broader 'hallucinated legal propositions' in the briefing (unverified or severely misstated legal rules) and warned that such AI-assisted misstatements risk Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Jacobs v. Payward, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1878/Jacobs_v._Payward_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"DOE V. SMITH, No. 3:22-cv-01987 (D. Conn. 2023)\", which the Court determined to be a hallucinated (nonexistent) case citation and flagged as undermining the credibility of the filings.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "title": "Lauren K. Morgan v. Michael P. Whitticom", "url": "/documents/1923/Morgan_v_Whitticom_USA_27_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited 'Douchette v. Doucette, 50 Conn. App. 541, 544-45 (1998)' for the proposition that property distributions may be modified; court found the reporter citation corresponds to a different opinion (Glass v. Peter Mitchell Construction Leasing and Development Corporation, 50 Conn. App. 539 (1998)) and concluded the citation is an AI-generated hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple other fictitious or inapplicable cases and legal propositions in the defendant's motion (notably pages 2–3); court found most cited cases do not support the asserted propositions or do not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Braica v. Frankowski (Anthony Braica v. Tom Frankowski)", "url": "/documents/1198/Braica_v._Frankowski_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a wholly fabricated quotation to this real case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Case cited to support Eighth Amendment application to probationers though Solem concerned incarceration and is not relevant here. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited to support Eighth Amendment argument despite Graham involving incarceration rather than probation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff misattributed a quotation to Moore and cited it in support of an Eighth Amendment argument though Moore addresses a Fourth Amendment apartment-search context. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Rochin to support an Eighth Amendment 'shocks the conscience' argument though Rochin concerns due process (Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments) and is not on point. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on Steffel but that case addresses First and Fourteenth Amendment issues, not the Eighth. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Misstated the holding; Jones concerns GPS attachment to a vehicle, not to a person as plaintiff asserted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Hamilton for a sovereign-immunity point but failed to note Hamilton dismissed negligence claims as barred by sovereign immunity. || Fabricated: Case Law | Entirely fabricated case; plaintiff supplied a citation string that corresponds to different cases with different names. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Fuller to suggest probationers have Eighth Amendment protections relevant here, but the case concerns prison housing classification and is not on point. || Fabricated: Case Law | Entirely fabricated case; the plaintiff cited 'State v. Kelleher' with citations that lead to unrelated real cases. || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Cited Quon without disclosing that the Ninth Circuit decision was explicitly reversed and remanded by the Supreme Court.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Briefs struck; warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Jesse Andre v. Warden, FCI Danbury", "url": "/documents/1095/Andre_v._Warden_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Harriot v. Jamison' (cited to support BOP-policy arguments) does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted language attributed to Levine v. Apker does not appear in that opinion and the case does not support the asserted proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Sierra quotation cited in the Motion was fabricated and does not exist in the Sierra opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Woodley v. Warden was cited as supporting a 'detainer-only bar' proposition the court found the case does not establish. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Perttu v. Richards was mischaracterized in substance and procedural posture relative to the petitioner's arguments. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Federal procedural rules (e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) and Habeas Rule 7) were mischaracterized as authorizing a petitioner to unilaterally expand the record after judgment. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Rivers v. Guerrero and Mayle v. Felix were cited for relation-back/record-expansion propositions the Court found they do not support.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Admonishment; Motion stricken with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Cojom v. Roblen", "url": "/documents/1045/Cojom_v._Roblen_USA_17_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate case || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate case || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate case", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-04-30", "title": "Moales v. Land Rover Cherry Hill", "url": "/documents/346/Moales_v._Land_Rover_Cherry_Hill_D._Connecticut_April_30_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185 (1976), and SEC v. W.J. Howey Co., 328 U.S. 293 (1946), to claim a federal common-law fiduciary duty supports a common-law private right of action; the Court held neither case supports that proposition and each addresses statutory securities laws. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff asserted a \"federal common law of securities\" as a basis for suit; the Court held no such federal common law exists and that securities law is governed by federal statutes. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff argued the Declaratory Judgment Act itself confers federal-question jurisdiction; the Court rejected this, noting the Act alone cannot create jurisdiction. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff claimed his accounting and fraudulent concealment claims are \"federalized\" via constructive trust principles and thus present a federally cognizable injury; the Court held these are state-law remedies/claims and do not create federal-question jurisdiction. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff contended that references to federal regulations and constitutional issues in his complaint establish a substantial federal question; the Court found those references not critical to resolving his claims and insufficient for federal jurisdiction.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Connecticut", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff warned to ensure accuracy of future submissions", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-NH", "title": "New Hampshire", "entries": [ { "date": "12 November 2024", "title": "State of New Hampshire Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies Policy", "url": "https://mm.nh.gov/files/uploads/doit/documents/sonh-use-of-artificial-intelligence-technologies-policy.pdf", "description": "Guides New Hampshire State Employees on ethical AI use, emphasizing human oversight, transparency, and data protection. Requires agency heads to ensure compliance and report AI use. Employs AI for public services under strict ethical guidelines and accountability measures. Maps to NIST standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "02 August 2024", "title": "New Hampshire House Bill 1596", "url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/billinfo.aspx?id=1392&inflect=2", "description": "Prohibits distributing AI-generated deepfakes of candidates within 90 days of elections without disclosure. Requires clear labeling of manipulated media. Allows affected candidates to seek legal recourse. Exempts news reporting, unknowing individuals, and parody. Effective August 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "22 July 2024", "title": "New Hampshire H1688 (2024)", "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_status.aspx?lsr=2510&sy=2024&sortoption=&txtsessionyear=2024&txtbillnumber=HB1688", "description": "Prohibits state agencies from using AI for unlawful discrimination, public surveillance without a warrant, and malicious deepfakes. Requires human review for irreversible AI decisions. Mandates disclosure for AI-generated content. Ensures compliance via audits and annual reporting to authorities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 July 2024", "title": "New Hampshire House Bill 1432", "url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_Status/billinfo.aspx?id=1239", "description": "Prohibits knowingly creating or distributing deepfakes for harm. Establishes civil claims for damages from such use. Exempts bona fide news, satire, or parody. Disallows lobbyist registration for convicted offenders. Effective January 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "12 July 2024", "title": "New Hampshire House Bill 1688", "url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_Status/billinfo.aspx?id=1597&inflect=2", "description": "Prohibits state agencies from using AI for unlawful discrimination, surveillance without a warrant, and malicious deepfakes. Requires human review of irreversible AI decisions. Mandates disclosure of AI-generated content. Obligates compliance and reporting within specified timelines.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — New Hampshire HB 143 [URL: https://custom.statenet.com/public/resources.cgi?id=ID:bill:NH2025000H143&ciq=urn:user:PA196471263&client_md=ee5b9eb07517afbbd02fbd5bf290eb25&mode=current_text]", "url": "https://custom.statenet.com/public/resources.cgi?id=ID:bill:NH2025000H143&ciq=urn:user:PA196471263&client_md=ee5b9eb07517afbbd02fbd5bf290eb25&mode=current_text", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Signed by Governor", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New Hampshire HB 1725", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=New Hampshire+HB 1725+AI+2026", "description": "New Hampshire legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 7, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-LA", "title": "Louisiana", "entries": [ { "date": "01 August 2024", "title": "Louisiana Senate Bill 6", "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?i=245565", "description": "Enacts a law criminalizing the intentional dissemination or sale of AI-generated nude images of identifiable individuals without authorization. Exempts certain service providers from liability. Defines \"another person\" as a recognizable individual depicted in the images.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 May 2024", "title": "Louisiana (2024) HCR 66", "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?i=247280", "description": "Requests the Joint Legislative Committee on Technology and Cybersecurity to study and recommend AI use and regulation. Requires data and testimony solicitation. Instructs the committee to make annual policy recommendation reports to the Louisiana legislature.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 June 2023", "title": "Louisiana SCR 49", "url": "https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1331619", "description": "Urges the Joint Legislative Committee on Technology and Cybersecurity to study AI's impact on operations, procurement, and policy. Requires a written report with recommendations submitted to relevant committees 60 days before Louisiana's 2024 Regular Session. Solicits input from several governmental and industry entities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Louisiana HB 230", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Louisiana+HB 230+AI+2026", "description": "Louisiana legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "title": "Daniel Gentry v. Calvin Thompson et al.", "url": "/documents/1771/Gentry_v._Thompson_USA_20_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Second of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum was nonexistent; Court noted unusual bullet-point formatting and counsel's failure to read the cited cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Third of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum did not exist; Court concluded counsel relied on ChatGPT and did not verify the authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | One of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum did not exist as cited; Court found it was likely generated by ChatGPT and not checked by counsel. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fourth of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum was fabricated; the Court treated it as an AI-generated hallucination that went unchecked. || Fabricated: Case Law | Fifth of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum did not exist; counsel admitted using ChatGPT and failing to confirm the citations' validity. || Fabricated: Case Law | Sixth of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum was nonexistent; Court emphasized attorneys must read and verify every case they cite. || Fabricated: Case Law | Seventh of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum did not exist as cited; Court found objective Rule 11 violation based on failure to inquire. || Fabricated: Case Law | Eighth of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum was fabricated; Court noted supervisors bore responsibility for not noticing the hallucinations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Ninth of nine case citations in Defendants' memorandum did not exist; Court determined the citations were likely produced by ChatGPT and unverified by counsel.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction & formal admonishment", "monetary_penalty": "1250 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Kattom v. Bondi", "url": "/documents/1622/Kattom_v._Bondi_USA_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum cited cases that did not exist; Court found multiple fabricated case citations generated in the filing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Memorandum included incorrect quotations attributed to cases; Court identified several incorrect quotations in the filing.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Woodward Harbor L.L.C., et al. v. City of Mandeville", "url": "/documents/1600/Woodward_Harbor_LLC_et_al_v_City_of_Mandeville_et_al__laedce-23-05824__0117.0.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a non-existent case 'Wood v. City of Utica' to support a legal proposition; the Court found no such case at the cited reporter and concluded the citation was fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited 'Qutb v. Ramsey' with an incorrect reporter and circuit; the Court found the citation misrepresented the case (actual reference was not the cited 5th Cir. F. App'x citation). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs included invented quotations and inaccurate summaries attributed to various authorities that the Court could not locate in the cited sources.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Travis C. Mills et al. v. Rocket Mortgage LLC et al.", "url": "/documents/1115/Mills_v._Rocket_Mortgage_USA_7_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found multiple citations to cases that do not exist in plaintiffs' filings, likely generated by GenAI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified mischaracterizations of existing cases and incorrect citations in plaintiffs' submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Louisiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "In re: Sanctions Order of Kenney", "url": "/documents/899/In_re_Sanctions_Order_of_Kenney_USA_23_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Burns v. State, 813 So.2d 574 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2001)' was entirely fabricated by generative AI and did not exist; reporter/page numbers pointed to unrelated cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Smith v. Christus St. Patrick Hosp., 20-306 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/3/20), 308 So.3d 1216' was fabricated by AI and the reporter/page numbers referenced an unrelated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'Doe v. Southwest Louisiana Hosp. Ass'n, 02-180 (La. App. 3 Cir. 7/10/02), 833 So.2d 1136' was fabricated by AI; referenced reporter/page numbers pointed to unrelated decisions. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court determined plaintiff's filing contained a false/altered quotation attributed to Thomas v. Reg'l Health Sys. of Acadiana and an incorrect reporter citation; quotation not found in the actual opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found counsel misrepresented the holding of Acara v. Banks by asserting it supports that HIPAA violations may serve as evidence of standard of care in state tort claims; Acara does not support that proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, Google", "outcome": "Costs order, 3 hours CLE on ethical use of generative AI, referral to Office of Disciplinary Counsel", "monetary_penalty": "1368 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "Robenson Lafontant v. Coolidge-CLK St. Germaine", "url": "/documents/918/Lafontant_v._Coolidge_CLK_USA_3_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Boudreaux v. Boudreaux to support tenant-rights and non-waiver-by-continued-occupancy propositions, but the cited case concerns whether a principal was a statutory employer; the opinion's holding was misrepresented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Miller v. Housing Authority of New Orleans' for constructive eviction and rent-withholding; court could not locate the case and reporter/volume pointed to unrelated Rosen decision; court concluded the citation was fabricated/AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; 1h of CLE; Referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Lee v. R&R Home Care, Inc.", "url": "/documents/780/Lee_v_RAndR_Home_Care_Inc.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a fabricated case citation attributed to \"Roman Catholic Church of Archdiocese of New Orleans v. Louisiana Health Serv. & Indem. Co., No. 20-1361, 2021 WL 1080684,\" which does not exist and whose cited Westlaw and docket numbers correspond to unrelated cases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found a quoted passage attributed to Hermann Hospital v. MEBA Medical & Benefits Plan (5th Cir.) does not appear in Hermann or any case the court could locate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Google Gemini", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; referral", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-08-11", "title": "Herr v. Elos Environmental, LLC", "url": "/documents/697/Herr_v_Elos_Environmental_LLC.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed the phrase and holding about 'clearly contradicted' sworn testimony to Wilson v. Volkswagen; the court found Wilson contains no such discussion. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a nonexistent E.D. Pa. case; the WL citation retrieves an SEC filing, no case by that name exists, and docket 12-6437 is a different case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Fifth Circuit decision that does not exist at the given citation; 646 F. App'x 328 is a Fourth Circuit case (Visintine v. Atkinson) and does not address discovery.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Louisiana", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-MS", "title": "Mississippi", "entries": [ { "date": "29 March 2025", "title": "Mississippi Senate Bill 2062", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/SB/2001-2099/SB2062PS.htm", "description": "Establishes an AI in Education Task Force to evaluate AI applications in K-12, assess ethical and data privacy implications, and develop policy recommendations. Appoints twelve members and requires reports by December 15, 2024. Dissolves the task force on January 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "08 January 2025", "title": "Mississippi Executive Order No. 1584", "url": "https://mcusercontent.com/08cb3e52aa1308600f84d49ea/files/e91a16a0-1bae-0eb8-4c6d-04ffa4f82a6d/Executive_Order_1584_AI.pdf", "description": "Directs Mississippi's Department of Information Technology Services to inventory AI use in state agencies, evaluate existing AI processes, and develop AI policy recommendations. Aims to safeguard principles of fairness, privacy, reliability, and accountability.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "Mississippi Senate Bill 2577", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/SB/2500-2599/SB2577SG.htm", "description": "Criminalizes dissemination of AI-generated deepfakes within 90 days of an election, without consent, intending to harm candidates or influence elections. Imposes penalties up to five years imprisonment or $10,000 fine. Exempts satire, news, and security-related activities. Effective July 1, 2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 April 2023", "title": "Mississippi Senate Bill 3000", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2023/html/SB/3000-3099/SB3000PS.htm", "description": "Allocate $15 million to the University of Mississippi for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence expenses as part of reauthorized Education Enhancement Funds for fiscal year 2023-2024.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 March 2021", "title": "Mississippi House Bill 633 (2021)", "url": "https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2021/html/HB/0600-0699/HB0633SG.htm#:~:text=AN%20ACT%20TO%20CREATE%20THE,WHICH%20INCLUDES%20INSTRUCTION%20IN%2C%20BUT", "description": "Requires the State Department of Education to implement K-12 computer science curriculum, including AI and machine learning. Directs collaboration with Mississippi State University. Ensures all schools offer computer science instruction by the 2024-2025 school year.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "Brown v. State of Mississippi", "url": "/documents/1652/Brown_v._STA_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited three cases that do not exist ('phantom cases'); the State pointed this out on appeal and the court recorded the error in footnote 4; counsel later acknowledged these phantom cases. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited seven cases for quotations that do not appear in those opinions; the State highlighted these false quotations on appeal and the court noted the issue. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant's brief misattributed false facts, analyses, quotations, and holdings to five otherwise genuine cases; the State identified these misrepresentations and counsel acknowledged errors in reply brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Desmond Cunningham v. Pentagon Federal Credit Union, et al.", "url": "/documents/1267/Cunningham_v_Pentagon_Federal_Credit_Union_USA_7_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cunningham cited a purported D. Conn. opinion with a Westlaw citation and date that did not correspond to any docket entry for that case; the court concluded the representation of the Housatonic citation was fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Cunningham attributed a specific quotation to International Shortstop, Inc. v. Rally's, Inc. (5th Cir. 1991) that the court and opposing counsel were unable to locate in that opinion, i.e., a false/misattributed quote.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "All claims dismissed with prejudice; warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "Pauliah v. University of Mississippi Medical Center", "url": "/documents/1243/Pauliah_v._Uni_Mississippi_USA_30_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Fabricated quotation presented as from Dr. Howard's deposition—\"He did not receive adequate departmental support... I loaned my laptop so he could complete the report.\"—attributed to 'Howard Dep. 33:5-34:3'; court found the quote absent from the transcript and fabricated. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Multiple manufactured citations to deposition transcripts accompanying fabricated quotations throughout the sworn declaration; court characterized these as deliberate fabrications undermining the record and struck the entire declaration. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Fabricated quotation presented as from Dr. Howard's deposition—\"No accreditation failure was ever cited against Dr. Pauliah\"—attributed to 'Howard Dep. 27:1-3'; court found the quote does not appear in the transcript and was fabricated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer; Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; CLE", "monetary_penalty": "5000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Billups v. Louisville Municipal School District", "url": "/documents/1223/Billups_v._Louisville_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum included a citation to a nonexistent case; court identified the citation as fabricated and tied it to unverified AI output. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel repeatedly relied on Jackson v. Gautreaux in support of jury-instruction arguments; court found the citation misrepresents the actual holding (Jackson is an excessive-force/failure-to-train case) and noted the pincite used does not exist. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Memorandum cited Jackson v. Cal-W. Packaging Corp. but court determined the brief mischaracterized that case's holding. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Memorandum cited Etienne v. Spanish Lake Truck & Casino Plaza, L.L.C., but the court found the brief misrepresented the case's holding.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Grok", "outcome": "Counsel DQ'd; monetary sanction; obligatory audit of all past filings", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "Brian Smith v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.", "url": "/documents/1094/Smith_v._Well_Fargo_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Smith cited several non-existent cases in his Response; Wells Fargo identified them in its Reply and the Court independently confirmed the listed authorities are fictitious and warned of Rule 11 sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Joshua Harris v. Pinnacle Bank", "url": "/documents/1021/Harris_v._Pinnacle_Bank_USA_12_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "University Mall v. Okorie et al.", "url": "/documents/898/University_Mall_v._Okorie_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Okorie attributed non-existent rulings/quotes to an existing case; Court noted misattributed/false quotation tied to Kaepa, Inc. v. Achilles Corp. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a non-existent case citation Okorie used in filings: 'United States v. Morgan, 2017 WL 1387302, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Apr. 18, 2017)' and characterized it as AI-generated and non-existent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Civil contempt", "monetary_penalty": "1", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-24", "title": "Kenisha Black v. Mississippi DRS & Howard", "url": "/documents/822/Kenisha_Black_v_Mississippi_Dept.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's opening memorandum contained AI-generated false authority/citations; counsel later filed a corrected memorandum deleting the apparent hallucinations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Court accepted corrected briefs", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Latasha Hill v. Auto Club Family Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/802/LATASHA_HILL_PLAINTIFF_v_AUTO_CLUB_FAMILY_INSURANCE_COMPANY_DEFENDANT.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Hazy v. Ford Motor Co., 2021 WL 2345678'—the court found this case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Canal Ins. Co. v. Coleman, 625 So. 2d 297 (Miss. 1993)'—court found the citation incorrect; a Canal Ins. Co. opinion exists but is 625 F.3d 244 (5th Cir. 2010) and is not about claims-manual discovery. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited Levens v. Campbell; Johnson v. Preferred Risk Auto. Ins. Co.; Dunn v. State Farm—these authorities exist but were cited as establishing that claims manuals are always discoverable; the court found they do not stand for that proposition (misstated precedent). || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited 'Patterson v. Allstate, 2019 WL 1239855 (S.D. Miss. 2019)'—court/defendant could not locate the case and the Westlaw cite corresponds to an unrelated FLSA case (Holt). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited 'Architex Ass'n v. Scottsdale Ins., 2022 WL 1234567'—the citation is fictional; the actual case is Architex Ass'n, Inc. v. Scottsdale Ins. Co., 27 So. 3d 1148 (Miss. 2010), which does not address claims-manual discovery as plaintiff claimed.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Blake Lewis v. Entergy Mississippi, LLC", "url": "/documents/826/Lewis_v_Entergy_Mississippi_LLC__mssdce-25-00323__0022.0.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Matherne v. Cytec Corp., 78 F. App'x 977, 978 (5th Cir. 2003) as reversing a stay; the Court could not locate that opinion and research returned an unrelated Fifth Circuit decision (United States v. Strain). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Von Drake v. Nat'l Sec. Agency, 156 F.3d 181, 1998 WL 546172, at *2 (5th Cir. 1998) for the proposition that an appellate court reversed a stay; the Court's searches did not locate such an opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Fujita v. United States, 416 F. App'x 400, 402 (5th Cir. 2011) as affirming denial of a stay; the Court found the Fujita opinion actually affirmed the district court's grant of a stay and stated the stay was proper.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-25", "title": "Malone-Bey v. Lauderdale County School Board", "url": "/documents/639/Malone-Bey_v_Lauderdale_County_School_Board_USA_25_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Fifth Circuit case to claim courts may disqualify counsel to 'preserve the integrity of the adversary process.' Court confirmed the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on the same non-existent Coleman case for the proposition that a conflict exists where one client's defense 'undercuts' another's; Court noted the case is fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited the fictitious Coleman case in his reply for the claim that 'absent written waivers, joint representation is per se improper'; Court found the case does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent Fifth Circuit decision to assert schools 'must strictly follow contract terms.' Court found no such case; the provided reporter page corresponds to an unrelated Eighth Circuit case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language not found in the Supreme Court’s opinion to argue conflicting obligations undermine fairness; Court stated the quoted text is not in the decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a statement to an Eleventh Circuit case that does not appear in the opinion; Court found the quoted language is absent.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Mississippi", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Plaintiff's motion denied; warning issued for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 16, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-IA", "title": "Iowa", "entries": [ { "date": "09 May 2024", "title": "Iowa Senate Bill 2435", "url": "https://legiscan.com/IA/text/SF2435/id/2988266", "description": "Allocates $2.8 million to Iowa State University for expanding AI, cybersecurity, computer science, and related technology programs to address workforce needs and foster innovation in digital agriculture, manufacturing, and biosciences.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 April 2024", "title": "Iowa S 2243 (Sexual Exploitation of Minors, Use of Falsely Created Images)", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ba=SF2243&ga=90", "description": "Amends Iowa law to prohibit knowingly possessing AI-created depictions of identifiable minors in prohibited sexual acts. Treats images of different minors as separate offenses; repeated violations escalate to a class \"C\" felony.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "03 May 2019", "title": "Iowa (2019) SB 302 (Automated Driving System Motor Vehicles)", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ga=88&ba=SF302", "description": "Permits driverless vehicles on Iowa highways if compliant with safety laws and manufacturer certification. Requires insurance for autonomous vehicles and mandates accident reporting. Allows on-demand driverless vehicle networks. Centralizes regulation authority, prohibiting local restrictions or taxes on automated vehicles.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Iowa SF 2417 [URL: https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ba=SF2417&ga=91]", "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislation/BillBook?ba=SF2417&ga=91", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Iowa HB 406", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Iowa+HB 406+AI+2026", "description": "Iowa legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "title": "In the Interest of W.G., Minor Child", "url": "/documents/1895/Interest_of_WG_USA_1_April_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | AI attributed specific propositions of law to a cited case where those propositions did not appear (misattribution of holdings/authority). || Fabricated: Case Law | Petition included at least one citation to a nonexistent Iowa appellate decision; court found citation was fabricated and ordered disclosure.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Perplexity", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "title": "In the Interest of R.A.", "url": "/documents/834/In_the_Int._of_R.A.__2025_Iowa_App._LEXIS_860.PDF", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Reply brief included citations to cases and statutory text that the court could not locate; court concluded they were likely fabricated by AI and ordered counsel to explain. || False Quotes: Case Law | Reply brief contained inaccurate quotations from purported authorities such that the court determined the quotations were not accurately derived from real sources.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Brief struck; Monetary penalty OR two hours of AI-specific CLE; referral to Bar", "monetary_penalty": "150 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Turner v. Garrels", "url": "/documents/751/Turner_v_Garrels_USA_4_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Turner quoted at least one nonexistent case in his judicial-notice motion; the court observed this appeared to be AI misuse and cautioned parties to independently verify sources.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "April Ann Nelson v. Navient Solutions, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/790/APRIL_ANN_NELSON_v_NAVIENT_SOLUTIONS.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Haglund v. Philip Morris Inc. as nonexistent and listed it as an example of fictitious citations in the plaintiff's briefing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified In re Jackson as nonexistent and listed it as an example of fictitious citations in the plaintiff's briefing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Harris v. City of St. Paul as nonexistent and listed it as an example of fictitious citations in the plaintiff's briefing.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Iowa", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-NE", "title": "Nebraska", "entries": [ { "date": "25 April 2024", "title": "Nebraska L 1284 (Teacher Incentive Programs), Sec. 2.", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=55278#:~:text=LB1284%20%2D%20Provide%20for%20and%20change,expansion%20program%2C%20create%20and%20change", "description": "Creates the Dyslexia Research Grant Program for Nebraska businesses researching AI-based writing assistance for dyslexia. Limits total grants to $500,000 from the Education Future Fund. Requires compliance; misuse triggers legal action to recover funds. Allows State Board rulemaking.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Nebraska LB 525 [URL: https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59601]", "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/bills/view_bill.php?DocumentID=59601", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Legislature", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Nebraska LB 1083", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Nebraska+LB 1083+AI+2026", "description": "Nebraska legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Nebraska LB 642", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Nebraska+LB 642+AI+2026", "description": "Nebraska legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Leber v. Bryan Medical Center et al.", "url": "/documents/1292/Leber_v_NejuMbM._Bryan_Medical_Center_USA_23_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff repeatedly cited 'Kelly v. St. Francis Medical Center, 899 N.W.2d 869 (Neb. 2017)'; the court found that '899 N.W.2d 869' corresponds to St. Jude Med., Inc. v. Carter (Minn. Ct. App. 2017), indicating the Kelly citation is likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Nebraska", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Strong v. Rushmore Loan Management Services", "url": "/documents/352/Strong_v_Rushmore_Loan_Management_Services_LLC_D._Nebraska_January_15_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited nonexistent cases to argue that joining another party’s motion without separate argument is insufficient. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs mis-cited United States v. Bortnovsky with a fabricated appellate citation; the citation pointed to a different case (Tagliaferri), and neither supported their proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Nebraska", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to dismiss granted; no sanctions imposed, but court warned that repetition could result in sanctions or filing restrictions", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 6, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-MA", "title": "Massachusetts", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-05-18", "title": "City of Boston Interim Guidelines for Using Generative AI", "url": "https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/2023/05/Guidelines-for-Using-Generative-AI-2023.pdf", "description": "Provides interim guidelines for City of Boston agencies (excluding Boston Public Schools) on using generative AI. Instructs fact-checking AI-generated content, transparency about AI's use, and avoiding sensitive data in prompts. Encourages experimentation and outlines responsible use principles for empowerment, inclusion, transparency, privacy, security, and public service.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 January 2025", "title": "Massachusetts House Docket 4053 (2025)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD4053", "description": "Establishes consumer protections against AI-induced discrimination. Requires developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems to document, assess, and mitigate algorithmic discrimination risks, and mandates notification to consumers about AI-influenced decisions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "08 January 2025", "title": "Massachusetts HD 396 (2025-2026)", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/HD396", "description": "Establishes AI accountability and consumer protection laws in Massachusetts. Requires developers to mitigate algorithmic discrimination risks and disclose them. Mandates deployers implement risk management for high-risk AI. Enforces corporate AI disclosure and consumer notification. Grants authority to Attorney General for enforcement.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "Massachusetts House Bill 4885", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H4885", "description": "Establishes a special legislative commission to investigate emerging firearm technologies, including the risks and impacts of using digital firearm manufacturing code for machine learning and AI. Requires a report with findings and recommendations by March 1, 2025.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 March 2024", "title": "An Act preventing a dystopian work environment.", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H1873", "description": "Mandates that Massachusetts employers inform workers of the use of automated decision systems, requires impact assessments on such systems, and sets conditions under which they can be used.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "An Act regulating the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in providing mental health services.", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H1974/BillHistory", "description": "Requires licensed mental health professionals seeking to offer AI-assisted mental health services to obtain approval from a licensing board, inform patients about AI use, and obtain patient consent; requires AI systems delivering mental health services to prioritize patient safety and well-being. Imposes disciplinary action by a licensing board for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Massachusetts Bill S. 31", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD1827", "description": "Regulate generative AI models to protect safety, privacy, and IP rights. Define models as those with ‚â•1 billion parameters. Prohibit discriminatory AI use. Mandate AI text watermarks/authentication. Require data security, informed consent, and timely data deletion. Conduct regular risk assessments. Mandate registration with the attorney general, detailing practices. Authorize attorney general to enforce compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "Massachusetts Bill H.64", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H64", "description": "Establishes a commission to study and recommend on ADS use in Massachusetts. Requires surveying ADS uses, consulting experts, and examining research and risks. Compels meetings and public hearings. Mandates annual reports to the governor and legislature.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Safety", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 January 2021", "title": "Massachusetts (2020) House Bill 5250, Section 92", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/191/H5250.pdf", "description": "Establishes a commission to study AI and automation's workforce impact, ensuring sustainable jobs and benefits. Directs development of policies and practices to support workers and a robust economy. Requires reporting on recommendations and legislation for future workforce challenges.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Massachusetts HB 94", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Massachusetts+HB 94+AI+2026", "description": "Massachusetts legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Massachusetts HB 97", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Massachusetts+HB 97+AI+2026", "description": "Massachusetts legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Massachusetts S 2630", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Massachusetts+S 2630+AI+2026", "description": "Massachusetts legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Souza v. City of Fitchburg", "url": "/documents/1920/Souza_v._Fichtburg_USA_30_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Court observed Plaintiff's opposition (ECF No. 8) contained language suggesting use of a generative AI program (text addressing the plaintiff directly and referring to defense counsel), leading the court to warn about AI unreliability in filings.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Traver v. General Motors Financial Company Inc., et al.", "url": "/documents/1677/Traver_v._General_Motors_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' Opposition cited this case; the Court's research concluded it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' Opposition cited this case; the Court's research concluded it does not exist. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' Opposition cited this case; the Court's research concluded it does not exist.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Gregory J. Van Etten v. Stephanie K. Fattman, et al.", "url": "/documents/1659/Van_Etten_v._Fattman_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Court flagged plaintiff's use of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) to support the incorrect proposition that a magistrate 'may recommend but cannot strike pleadings absent district-judge adoption,' and corrected that §636(b)(1)(A) and Fed. R. Civ. P. 72 govern magistrate authority over non-dispositive matters. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff asserted that the Magistrate Judge's R&R referenced Ankenbrandt v. Richards and Seminole Tribe v. Florida, but the Court noted neither case is cited in the R&Rs the plaintiff relied on. || Fabricated: Other | Court warned generative AI can create incorrect or made-up citations and noted plaintiff's filings contained inaccurate or fabricated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "In re: Marrett", "url": "/documents/1564/In_re_Marrett_USA_19_February_2026_GFXYwRZ.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Debtors cited 'Goguen v. Nason, 419 A.2d 1032 (Me. 1980)', which Westlaw/Lexis searches showed does not exist; the court identified this citation as nonexistent and noted the apparent correct citation in the same reporter is Ridgway v. Prudential Ins. Co., 419 A.2d 1030 (Me. 1980). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted recurring issues in the Debtors' filings of 'mis-quotes and misleading characterizations' of existing authority (general misrepresentation of cited cases/authorities), though the decision does not reproduce a specific false quotation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "In re: Telexfree Securities Litigation", "url": "/documents/1530/In_re_Telexfree_Securities_Litigation.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found plaintiff misquoted Jensen v. Phillips Screw Co. and CQ Int'l Co. v. Rochem Int'l, Inc.; errors noted as part of broader pattern of erroneous citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found plaintiff misquoted or relied on cases that exist but are inapposite to the issues presented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a cited case that does not exist and treated it as a fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Court noted plaintiff supplied nonexistent caselaw in docket filings and later attempted to correct them (per Docket Nos. 2305 and 2306).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "Kaufman v. Upton", "url": "/documents/1376/Kaufman_v._Upton_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found plaintiff's filings contained AI-generated citations to nonexistent authority; counsel attributed them to a version-control/clerical error and did not explain AI use; court treated them as false authority warranting referral.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. Massachusetts", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Bar Referral", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 18, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-NJ", "title": "New Jersey", "entries": [ { "date": "08 January 2025", "title": "Guidance on Algorithmic Discrimination and the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination", "url": "https://www.nj.gov/oag/newsreleases25/2025-0108_DCR-Guidance-on-Algorithmic-Discrimination.pdf", "description": "Prohibits algorithmic discrimination under New Jersey's Law Against Discrimination (LAD) by covered entities. Holds entities liable for discriminatory outcomes from automated tools. Addresses disparate treatment, disparate impact, and failure to provide reasonable accommodations related to AI use.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 July 2024", "title": "New Jersey Senate Bill 3432", "url": "https://legiscan.com/NJ/text/S3432/2024", "description": "Establishes the \"Next New Jersey Program Act\" promoting AI development by granting tax credits to eligible AI businesses. Requires capital investments in AI facilities, job creation, and collaboration with NJ-based institutions. Mandates compliance with sustainability standards, prevailing wages, and regulatory requirements. Limits apply to tax credit value and duration.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 June 2024", "title": "New Jersey Assembly Resolution 141 (2024)", "url": "https://njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2024/AR141/bill-text?f=AR&n=141_S1", "description": "Urges AI platforms to voluntarily prevent and remove deepfake and cheapfake content. Requires transmission of this resolution to AI company CEOs in New Jersey. Highlights harmful impacts of altered media and suggests responsible AI use offers societal benefits.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "New Jersey SB 3876", "url": "https://legiscan.com/NJ/bill/S3876/2022", "description": "Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Officer and Implementation Officer to oversee AI systems in New Jersey's state agencies. Mandates development of procedures for using AI in critical decisions, ensuring compliance with national standards, and mitigating risks. Creates an AI Advisory Board for oversight and recommendations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "New Jersey Bill A537", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A537", "description": "Requires automobile insurers using artificial intelligence or other automated underwriting systems to annually submit documentation to New Jersey’s Department of Banking and Insurance proving their pricing practices are nondiscriminatory and balanced across policyholders. Authorizes the Commissioner to issue rules to enforce compliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Risk factors: Bias", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 October 2023", "title": "New Jersey Executive Order No. 346", "url": "https://nj.gov/infobank/eo/056murphy/pdf/EO-346.pdf", "description": "Establishes an Artificial Intelligence Task Force to study AI technologies, assess societal impacts, and recommend government actions for ethical use. Involves Executive Branch officials, allows public and expert consultation, and requires a report to the Governor within 12 months.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 January 2023", "title": "An Act concerning the use of automated tools to assist with hiring decisions and supplementing Title 34 of the Revised Statutes.", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A4909/bill-text?f=A5000&n=4909_I1", "description": "Mandates automated decision tools sold in New Jersey to undergo a bias audit before sale, offer annual free audits, and disclose these requirements; it also requires users of these tools to notify screened candidates within 30 days. Imposes civil penalties (fines) for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 February 2022", "title": "An Act concerning discrimination and automated decision systems and supplementing P.L.1945, c.169 (C.10:5-1 et seq.).", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/S1402/bill-text?f=S1500&n=1402_I1", "description": "Prohibits financial lenders, insurance companies and healthcare providers from using automated decision systems to discriminate against protected classes in providing services.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Governance development" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 January 2022", "title": "New Jersey S 2723", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2020/S2723", "description": "Authorizes the Chief Technology Officer to evaluate AI, machine learning, and cloud services use by state agencies for public services. Requires agencies to submit IT modernization plans leveraging data analytics and enhancing digital services, ensuring mobile-friendly and accessible websites.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Evaluation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 January 2022", "title": "An Act requiring the Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact of artificial intelligence on the growth of the State's economy.", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A168", "description": "Requires the New Jersey Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development to conduct a study and issue a report on the impact of AI on the growth of the State’s economy.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 March 2019", "title": "New Jersey (2019) Assembly Joint Resolution 164", "url": "https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2018/AJR164/bill-text?f=JR19&n=2_", "description": "Establishes the \"New Jersey Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Task Force\" to study and recommend integration laws for advanced autonomous vehicles. Requires issuing a report evaluating existing laws, suggesting pilot programs, and recommending safe integration on public roads within 180 days after its initial meeting.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "New Jersey S 1802", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=New Jersey+S 1802+AI+2026", "description": "New Jersey legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "title": "Amtrust North America o/b/o Justin McGinness v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1827/Amtrust_N._Am._O_B_O_Justin_McGinness_v._Liberty_Mut._Ins._Co_USA_27_March_2026.Pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this non-existent Appellate Division case to support the carrier's right to subrogation against UIM benefits; court found it does not appear in the NJ Superior Court Reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this nonexistent Law Division decision (and purported affirmance) to support subrogation; court found no record of the case in NJ reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this purported 2006 Appellate Division case; court determined the cited authority does not exist in the NJ Superior Court Reports. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited this alleged 1971 Law Division decision and its purported affirmance; court found no such opinions in the NJ Superior Court Reports.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Adverse Costs; CLE (recommended)", "monetary_penalty": "9000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Baker v. Rastelli Foods LLC", "url": "/documents/1922/Baker_v._Rastelli_Foods_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple cases cited by plaintiffs were so inaccurately cited that the Court was unable to locate them and questioned whether they exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiffs used a quotation that does not appear in the cited case (false quotation noted by the Court).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to provide PDF copies of cited case; Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Shaquan Pridgen v. Amazon.com Services LLC", "url": "/documents/1692/SHAQUAN_PRIDGEN_v_AMAZONCOM_SERVICES_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case 'Lewis v. City of Trenton, 2020 WL 6204330'; the Court determined the citation does not exist, admonished the plaintiff, and warned against hallucinated citations (including those from generative AI).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Lawand Hill v. Sloppy Vinyl, LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1616/Hill_v._Sloppy_Vinyl_USA_5_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Duff v. Trenton Beverage Co., 73 A.2d 578 (1950) for the proposition that a contract 'never becomes binding' if a condition precedent is not completed; the court found the quoted language does not appear in Duff. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Mazziotti v. Allstate Ins. Co., 240 N.J. Super. 173, 180 (App. Div. 1990) to support a New Jersey-law proposition; the court found this citation to be incorrect (actual reported Mazziotti is 695 A.2d 1010 (Conn. 1997)) and the quoted language does not appear in the Connecticut case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Jordan v. Fox, Rothschild, O’Brien & Frankel, 20 F.3d 1250 (3d Cir. 1994) for the proposition that a district court 'may not consider matters extraneous to the pleadings' on a motion to dismiss; the court found that quoted language does not appear in Jordan.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Motion to dismiss granted; warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Azad Alamgir Kabir v. WebMD", "url": "/documents/1463/Kabir_v._Webmd_USA_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent case (Fairfield Indus. v. EP Energy); the court identified it as a hallucinated citation, treated it as invalid, and warned of possible sanctions for such citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings; warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "United States v. Juliet Payseur and 20-22 McGregor Avenue, LLC", "url": "/documents/1299/USA_v._Payseur_USA_7_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Doyle cited Vazquez v. Triad Media Solutions, 2016 WL 155044, at *2 as applying Twombly/Iqbal to affirmative defenses; the court could not locate an opinion supporting that proposition and found the citation mischaracterized. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Doyle cited Herman & MacLean v. Huddleston, 459 U.S. 375, 388 (1983) for an incorrect proposition about punitive damages under the FHA; the court noted Herman & MacLean is a securities case and was misapplied. || Fabricated: Case Law | The motion contained numerous citations that could not be verified or did not support the propositions for which they were cited; the court described these as hallucinatory or fabricated citations and warned the litigant.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Eric Hildebrandt v. siParadigm LLC et al.", "url": "/documents/1289/Hildebrant_v_8j95Os6._Paradigm_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Supplemental Filing contained forty-three identified instances of fabricated citations or case law; Court declined to consider the filing and treated those propositions as unsupported. || Fabricated: Case Law | Consolidated Complaint was 'replete with citations to irrelevant, and sometimes fabricated, case law' across many paragraphs; Court refused to credit those citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendants noted several incorrect/inaccurate citations in the Consolidated Complaint, including two cases cited over fifty times that did not support Plaintiffs' propositions; counsel's errata did not cure these inaccuracies. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiffs' Opposition contained AI drafting artifacts and unchecked inserted text (e.g., 'Let me know when you’d like to proceed to the next section: Count Eight . . .'), evidencing unverified AI-generated material and potential false quotations in submissions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Cesareo v. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey", "url": "/documents/1293/Cesareo_v._Port_Authority_of_NY_and_NJ_USA_31_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Ninth Circuit opinion 'Doe v. Bogan, 93 F.3d 544, 551 (9th Cir. 1996),' which the Court was unable to locate and concluded does not appear to exist as cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed language to Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters, Loc. No. 310, 587 F.2d 1176, 1182 (D.C. Cir. 1978) that the Court could not locate in the opinion (misquoted/attributed language). || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Welling v. Alexy, 155 F.R.D. 654, 657 (N.D. Cal. 1994) for a proposition about irreparable psychological/reputational harm, but the Court was unable to locate that language in the opinion (misquoted).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Fantini v. WestRock Services, LLC", "url": "/documents/1227/Fantini_v._Westrock_Company_USA_19_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a case that the Court could not locate; the Court determined 'Pruco Life Ins. Co. of New Jersey v. Carrasco, 2022 WL 1210718 (D.N.J. Apr. 25, 2025)' does not appear to exist and flagged this as non-existent authority.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Liza Gardner v. Sean Combs, et al.", "url": "/documents/1179/Gardner_v._Combs_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case 'United States v. Masha' generated by AI and relied on propositions attributed to it; court confirmed the case does not exist and counsel admitted AI produced the citation and he failed to verify.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary fine; Bar Referral; Order to serve order to Client", "monetary_penalty": "6000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Gutierrez v. Lorenzo Food Group, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1120/Gutierrez_v_LORENZO_FOOD_GROUP_USA_21_November_2025_2T8kZO3.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court ordered hearing and production of drafts, metadata, and timesheets; no sanctions imposed yet.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-03", "title": "Isaacs v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation", "url": "/documents/1013/Isaacs_v._Novartis_USA_3_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case in a filing; the Court could not locate it and counsel admitted it was provided by the client via ChatGPT. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a non-existent case in a filing; the Court could not locate it and counsel admitted it was provided by the client via ChatGPT.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Court required counsel to certify completion of an AI seminar", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Richard M. Zelma v. Wonder Group Inc.", "url": "/documents/912/Zelma_v._Wonder_Group_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a purported quotation about verification messages to Van Patten that the Court found does not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Multiple other purported direct quotations from real cases in the Opposition did not match the source material and were identified as inaccurate by the Court. || Fabricated: Case Law | The Opposition cited cases that, to the Court's knowledge, do not appear to exist (fabricated case citations).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Sanctions deferred", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "title": "Kertesz v. Colony Tire Corp et al.", "url": "/documents/858/Kertesz_v._Colony_Tire_Corp_USA_30_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's counsel filed a Notice of Errata acknowledging 'erroneous citation ... errors' in four briefs caused by the attorney's use of AI; the Court treated arguments supported by incorrect or made-up citations as unsupported and declined to consider the amended briefs on those points. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attorney's use of AI produced incorrect quotations and citation errors in submitted briefs; the Court noted these false quotations/citations and cautioned counsel that such misrepresentations violate professional conduct rules and risk sanctions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "title": "Alexander Shaporov v. PIPPD P.O. Matthew Levine, et al.", "url": "/documents/825/ALEXANDER_SHAPOROV_Plaintiff_v_PIPPD_PO_MATTHEW_LEVINE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quoted sentence to Camiolo (3d Cir.) that does not appear there; the language instead appeared in Frohner quoting Mounts (7th Cir.). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted language as if from Gilles (3d Cir.), but the passage was a parenthetical quotation of a Seventh Circuit case (Kijonka). || Fabricated: Case Law | Incorrect case number, Westlaw citation, and decision date for Manitta; Plaintiff's brief listed a non-matching citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Piazza citation in brief used a Westlaw cite and pincite that do not exist / are incorrect (wrong Westlaw number and wrong page). || Fabricated: Case Law | Ianuale citation in brief contained a wrong Westlaw citation and incorrect pincite (non-matching Westlaw number and page). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Citation to State v. Gandhi was used to support a specific statutory interpretation the case does not address; Gandhi was cited only for a general canon of statutory interpretation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "title": "OTG New York, Inc. v. Ottogi America, Inc.", "url": "/documents/796/OTG_v._Ottogi_USA_18_September_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited a case that could not be verified at all and appears to be entirely fabricated; counsel admitted the citation could not be verified. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited a case that addressed an irrelevant topic and thus did not support the proposition asserted (mischaracterized authority). || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel attributed quotations to cited opinions that the opinions did not contain (false quotations/misattribution).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; Plaintiff's Reply withdrawn and stricken; order to self-report to bar(s) and serve client with order", "monetary_penalty": "3000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "title": "Fagan v. Barnhiser, Nanologix, et al.", "url": "/documents/808/Fagan_v._Barnhiser_Nanologix.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion to support reconsideration; the Court could not locate any opinion by this caption or citation and found the citation apparently nonexistent; Plaintiff withdrew reliance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited this opinion; the Court found no Delaware Chancery opinion at the cited Westlaw citation, located related Puda Coal opinions in SDNY under a different caption/date, and treated the cited Del. Ch. citation as inaccurate/nonexistent; Plaintiff withdrew reliance.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "Clonan v. Centrastate Healthcare system", "url": "/documents/712/Clonan_v._Centrastate_Healthcare.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law || False Quotes: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "D. New Jersey", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Westlaw (and others unidentified)", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 30, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-NC", "title": "North Carolina", "entries": [ { "date": "01 December 2024", "title": "North Carolina House Bill 591", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Sessions/2023/Bills/House/PDF/H591v5.pdf", "description": "Defines \"image\" to include AI-modified depictions, criminalizing sexual extortion involving such images. Criminalizes creating or modifying visual depictions of minors using AI under sexual exploitation offenses. Clarifies disclosure offenses involving AI-altered private images, making violations a felony or misdemeanor.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 August 2024", "title": "North Carolina State Government Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence Framework", "url": "https://it.nc.gov/documents/nc-state-government-responsible-use-artificial-intelligence-framework/download?attachment", "description": "Require state agencies to follow the AI Framework, which emphasizes principles such as human oversight, transparency, security, data privacy, diversity, auditing, and workforce empowerment. Obligate agencies to maintain AI inventories and conduct risk assessments using the NIST AI Risk Management Framework.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": true }, { "date": "03 October 2023", "title": "North Carolina House Bill 259", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/Sessions/2023/Bills/House/PDF/H259v6.pdf", "description": "Allocates $3.2 million to New Hanover and $2 million to Davidson County Schools for AI-powered school safety systems. Requires reporting by January 15, 2025, on participant schools, spending, safety outcomes, AI capabilities, and additional relevant information.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "North Carolina SB 460", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/BillLookUp/2023/S460", "description": "Establishes a Study Committee on Automation and the Workforce to assess the impact of automation technologies, including AI, on North Carolina's workforce, especially low-income and minority workers. Requires biennial reports with recommendations to the Governor and legislature.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "title": "Curry v. Capital One Auto Finance", "url": "/documents/1918/Curry_v._Capital_One_Finance_USA_26_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Proposed amended complaint asserted fictitious provisions of a purported North Carolina Identity Theft Protection Act (ITPA); the court identified these statutory provisions as fabricated and tied them to likely AI drafting. || Fabricated: Case Law | Second proposed amended complaint contained fabricated case citations; the court found the inclusion of fabricated citations constituted bad faith and a basis to deny leave to amend.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Leave to amend denied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "Forest Ridge Townhomes Corporation of Greensboro v. Heag Pain Management Cente et al.", "url": "/documents/1761/Forest_Ridge_v._Heag_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Respondents submitted an exhibit titled 'Perplexity.AI Answers' containing AI-generated legal authorities and links; the court found some cited authorities irrelevant and appearing to be hallucinated and noted counsel's admission of using Perplexity.AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Perplexity.AI", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "title": "United States of America v. Lorenzio Reshaud Simmons", "url": "/documents/1658/USA_v._Simmons_USA_10_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Hazel, 696 F.3d 473, 478 (4th Cir. 2012)' — court found no such Fourth Circuit case (citation appears fabricated). || Fabricated: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Angel, 102 F.3d 1066 (4th Cir. 1996)' for a quoted rule; court found no such Fourth Circuit decision or matching quoted language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Brehm, 442 F.3d 1291, 1293 (4th Cir. 2006)' and attributed the quote 'any uncertainty should be resolved in the defendant's favor.' The court noted the cited Brehm reference is to a different circuit and does not contain that quoted language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Nealy, 232 F.3d 825, 829 (4th Cir. 2000)' for language about burdens the government cannot meet; court found the citation is to a different circuit and does not contain the asserted language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Edwards, 188 F.3d 230, 232 (4th Cir. 1999)' and quoted that packaging weight should not be included; court found Edwards does not contain that quoted language (false quotation). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Memorandum cited 'United States v. Harrision, 918 F.2d 469, 473 (4th Cir. 1990)' for a statement that laboratory testing is more precise; court noted the correct case is in a different circuit (Fifth) and does not contain that quoted text.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning; Allowed to file corrected brief", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Derence V. Fivehouse v. United States Department of Defense et al.", "url": "/documents/1601/gov.uscourts.nced.221403.119.0_1.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Legal Norm | Court identified a fabricated quotation from regulation 32 C.F.R. § 199.21(d) in Defendants' response opposing summary judgment (D.E.90). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a fabricated quotation attributed to South Carolina Health & Human Services Finance Comm'n v. Sullivan in Defendants' response re: judicial notice (D.E.80). || Fabricated: Legal Norm | Court identified a fabricated quotation from regulation 32 C.F.R. § 199.21(d) in Defendants' response opposing preliminary injunction (D.E.39). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified fabricated quotations/misstatements in D.E.86 attributing holdings to Ohio Valley Environmental Coalition v. Aracoma Coal Co.; Renfer conceded incorrect citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified fabricated quotations/misstatements in D.E.86 attributing holdings to Dow AgroSciences, LLC v. National Marine Fisheries Service; Renfer conceded incorrect citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified fabricated quotations/misstatements in D.E.86 attributing holdings to Sierra Club v. United States Dept. of the Interior; Renfer conceded incorrect citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified a fabricated quotation attributed to South Carolina Health & Human Services Finance Comm'n v. Sullivan in Defendants' response re: Appellate Rule 16 (D.E.79).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Court issued show-cause order and scheduled hearing to determine sanctions; no sanction imposed yet.", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Ebony Sherisse Lucas v. Charles W. Scharf, et al.", "url": "/documents/1626/Lucas_v._Wells_Fargo_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's reply as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's response as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified this citation in plaintiff's reply as non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted this is a real case but found plaintiff cited it for a proposition the case does not support.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "title": "Reketta L. Montgomery v. Acquisition Experts, LLC", "url": "/documents/1302/Montgomery_v._Acquisition_Experts_USA_13_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant identified numerous fictitious or fake case citations in both memoranda filed by the pro se plaintiff; the court found the citations to be fictitious and relied on that finding in denying leave to amend.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "title": "Jacob Doe v. The University of North Carolina System", "url": "/documents/1038/Doe_v._UNC_USA_10_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited two cases that the Court found do not appear to exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted material that does not exist in the cases purportedly quoted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court identified mischaracterizations of the holdings of cited cases in the Plaintiff's briefs. || Misrepresented: Case Law | An out-of-circuit case was misidentified in the briefs as a Fourth Circuit case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. North Carolina", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to show cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "title": "Santree v. Eveangel Hines", "url": "/documents/800/SANTREE_NC_LLC_Plaintiff_v_EVEANGEL_HINES_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a State v. Boggess published in 1979 that does not exist; the court found no Supreme Court opinion by that name in 1979 (only a 2004 State v. Boggess exists and does not support her points). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Defendant attributed several legal propositions to Cheek v. Poole that the case does not state; court found Cheek does not support the cited propositions.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA North Carolina", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Appeal dismissed for lack of genuine argument", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-OK", "title": "Oklahoma", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-04-01", "title": "The City of Tulsa Municipal Court Rules 2024", "url": "https://www.cityoftulsa.org/government/departments/municipal-court/court-rules/", "description": "Require parties using generative AI for court documents to disclose its use and name the specific tool. Include examples like ChatGPT, Bing AI, or Google Bard. Ensure compliance with existing filing standards under 12 O.S. §2011.", "categories": [], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "04 February 2025", "title": "Oklahoma House Bill 1916", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb1916&Session=2500", "description": "Enacts the \"Responsible Deployment of AI Systems Act,\" requiring the classification of AI systems in Oklahoma by risk level, mandating oversight and audits for high-risk AI systems. Establishes the Artificial Intelligence Council to enforce compliance, oversee innovation programs, and guide ethical AI deployment.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 November 2024", "title": "Oklahoma H 3642", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=hb3642&Session=2400", "description": "Defines \"child pornography\" to include computergenerated images and establishes severe penalties for production and possession. Requires registration as a sex offender for possession of 100+ depictions. Effective November 1, 2024, the act targets explicit computer-generated images involving minors.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Oklahoma HB 3544 [URL: http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB3544&Session=2600]", "url": "http://www.oklegislature.gov/BillInfo.aspx?Bill=HB3544&Session=2600", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Oklahoma HB 1916", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Oklahoma+HB 1916+AI+2026", "description": "Oklahoma legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "title": "Oscar Brownfield v. Cherokee County School District No. 35", "url": "/documents/1766/Brownfield_v._Cherokee_USA_18_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants identified eight cited cases in Plaintiff's Sanctions Motion as non-existent (AI-generated fictitious cases); Court found submission of fictitious cases violated Rule 11. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Several other cited authorities did not stand for the legal propositions cited or did not contain the quoted language, i.e., misrepresented/inaccurate case authority generated by AI.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Dillon v. Myles Stephenson, et al.", "url": "/documents/1660/Dillon_v._Stephenson_USA_11_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found reporter citation incorrect; a case with the same name exists but the cited reporter and proposition are incorrect/misrepresented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found citation does not exist and is unrelated to the GTCA. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found citation does not exist and is unrelated to the GTCA.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-06", "title": "Dewayne Clark v. CoreCivic", "url": "/documents/1646/Clark_v._Corecivic_USA_6_March_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Garrison v. Gambro as stating summary judgment is a \"drastic remedy\" to be granted \"with caution;\" the court found Garrison does not contain that language or proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Tuckel v. Glover as recognizing unavailability where an inmate is \"so sick\" or incapacitated; the court found Tuckel does not include the quoted language or reflect that proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's citation to Lemons v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs. in his Surreply was incorrect per the court (citation error/misrepresentation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Braham v. Cty. of Washington, No. 2:19-CV01128, 2020 WL 1166395, at *6, but the court could not locate any such case or citation, suggesting a fabricated citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Jones v. Bock for the proposition that the defendant bears the burden of proving availability of administrative remedies; the court noted Jones does not support that proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Admonishment", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Chapter Kris Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation et al. (3)", "url": "/documents/1566/Jackson_v._BOK_USA_24_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple quotations in petitioner's motion to disqualify did not appear in the cited cases; Judge Huntsman identified four fake quotations and previously struck the filing. || False Quotes: Case Law | Objection contains an inaccurate/partial quotation attributed to the Rohan case; the quoted material is incomplete and not an accurate quotation from the case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Badillo v. Thorpe, 158 F. Supp. 2d 177 (D. Conn. 2001),' but that reporter citation corresponds to Tropical Air Flying Services, Inc. v. Carmen Feliciando de Melecio; the actual Badillo v. Thorpe decision is at 158 F. App'x 208 (11th Cir. 2005).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Struck filings; Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "405 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Kizzie Sims & Estate of Gregory Neil Davis v. Board of County Commissioners", "url": "/documents/1453/Sims_v._Board_USA_3_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found one \"misstatement\"", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "O. Gene Bicknell v. Richard M. Silanskas Jr., et al.", "url": "/documents/1303/Bicknell_v._Silanskas_USA_12_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent case to support narrowing subpoenas; Court could locate no such case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided a citation purportedly from D. Neb. that does not exist (mis-cited/fictional). || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited an apparently fictitious Central District of California case rejecting requests for entire email accounts; Court could not locate it. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Authority exists but was cited as supporting rejection of expansive subpoenas involving email; Court found the case actually granted a motion to compel and does not support the claimed proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a Northern District of Oklahoma decision that the Court could not locate; the referenced material instead pointed to unrelated Washington state health regulations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited an existing S.D.N.Y. case for the proposition that a court may hear a motion to quash outside the district of compliance; Court found the case addresses amendment of a complaint, not venue for motions to quash. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted a passage attributed to the case that does not appear in the opinion; quotation was used to argue citation errors are not sanctionable but the case does not contain that language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited an S.D.N.Y. decision that exists and involves subpoenas but does not support the specific proposition that this court may resolve a subpoena objection outside the district of compliance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Provided a citation that referred to an FDA safety report rather than a District of South Carolina case; Court could locate no such D.S.C. decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed a specific quotation about sanctions to the Supreme Court case, but the Court found the quotation does not appear in that opinion.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Zaykariya v. Freedom Mortgage Corporation, et al.", "url": "/documents/1304/Zaykaria_v._Freedom_Mortage_Corpo.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified McEwen v. McCullough, 347 F. Supp. 2d 349 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Edwards v. First Nat’l Bank of Anchorage, 67 F.3d 1299 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Anderson v. Nationwide Mortg. Grp., Inc., 281 B.R. 177 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Williams v. Lowndes Cnty., 475 F.3d 820 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Smith v. Aegis Mortg. Corp., 560 F.3d 837 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified In re Barlow, 59 B.R. 707 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified Sturdivant v. BAC Home Loans, 159 Cal.Rptr.3d 113 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified United States v. Signatone Corp., 60 F.3d 365 as a fake case cited by Plaintiffs. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted Plaintiffs cited Speleos v. BAC Home Loans, 755 F.Supp.2d 304 and incorrectly represented it as supporting a RESPA violation, whereas the case did not discuss RESPA.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-04", "title": "Dalton Gage Hill v. Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Authority et al.", "url": "/documents/1131/Hill_v._Oklahoma_County_Criminal_Justice_USA_4_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response (Doc. 97) included multiple non-existent case citations generated by Chat GPT; court found the citations fictitious and counsel admitted AI use.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Costs Order; Mandatory disclosure of AI use in future filings; CLE obligation", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Mattox v. Product Innovation Research", "url": "/documents/904/Mattox_v._Product_Innovations_Research_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no case under this citation; similar Tenth Circuit decision exists but does not contain the quoted law. || Fabricated: Case Law | Citation combined/ conflated unrelated authorities; court found no case at that citation and similar decisions do not support the quoted law. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no case under the cited name and citation; citation appears fabricated/mismatched. || Fabricated: Case Law | No Tenth Circuit decision exists at that citation; the docketed citation corresponds to an unrelated out-of-circuit case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no case under that citation; similar named district decision exists but does not support plaintiffs' asserted rule. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court located no case under this citation; authority appears fabricated. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited the wrong year/citation for the decision; court identified correct authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court determined the specific language plaintiffs attributed to the case does not appear in the opinion cited. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the law plaintiffs claimed derived from this Supreme Court opinion was not present in the opinion as quoted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court concluded the decision does not hold the proposition plaintiffs attributed to it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found no decision at this federal reporter/citation; cited authority is incorrect or nonexistent. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited an incorrect citation; the court identified the correct citation and that the cited version was erroneous.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "E.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Pleadings struck; public reprimands; monetary sanctions; remedial filing and certification requirements", "monetary_penalty": "28495 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Chapter Kris Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation, et al. (2)", "url": "/documents/836/Jackson_v._BOK_Financial_Corp_USA_29_September_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Court identified numerous non-existent quoted passages in Plaintiff's original motion and struck it; the quoted language was false and unsupported by the cited cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Smith v. Sprint decision with a Westlaw pin and date that do not correspond to the asserted district or holding. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited an Oklahoma Bar Ass'n Benefield decision with a Pacific Reporter citation that actually points to an unrelated Oregon case; the asserted language/authority was not supported. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a Green v. Tulane Educ. Fund opinion purportedly from the W.D. Okla. in 2020 that does not exist at that citation and does not support the alleged proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Geb with a Pacific Reporter citation that instead points to an Alaska case; the citation did not support the claimed proposition about dual representation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Minter with a Pacific Reporter citation that corresponds to unrelated authority; the cited Minter authorities did not support the asserted point on arbitration/attorney-witness issues.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Show Cause Order", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-09", "title": "Shantell Robinson v. Oglala Sioux Tribe, et al.", "url": "/documents/784/SHANTELL_ROBINSON_Plaintiff_v_OGLALA_SIOUX_TRIBE_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited a non-existent opinion, 'Henlsey v. Alcon Labs, 277 F.3d 535 (4th Cir. 2002)'; Court noted it was non-existent and that fake opinions are not existing law. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found many filings contained non-existent and mischaracterized legal authority; Rule 11 violations for relying on fake or misrepresented authorities.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Plaintiff's claims dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "Jackson v. BOK Financial Corporation et al (1)", "url": "/documents/706/Jackson_v._Bok.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Kevlik v. Goldstein; the Court found the quoted language does not appear in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to F.D.I.C. v. U.S. Fire Ins. Co.; the Court found the quoted language does not appear in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Unified Sewerage Agency v. Jelco Inc.; the Court found the quoted language does not appear in the case. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a second quotation to Kevlik v. Goldstein; the Court found the quoted language does not appear in the case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "outcome": "Motion stricken without prejudice; Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Sharita Hill v. State of Oklahoma", "url": "/documents/555/SHARITA_HILL_v_OKLAHOMA_USA_3_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response cited nonexistent cases; the Court reviewed and agreed they do not exist. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response included direct quotes attributed to legal authorities that could not be located; the Court confirmed they could not be found. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff's Response contained inaccurate case citations; the Court agreed they were inaccurate.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "McKeown v. Paycom Payroll LLC", "url": "/documents/357/McKeown_v._Paycom_Payroll_W.D._Oklahoma_March_31_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff previously filed a brief citing non-existent legal authority; the Court issued a warning against falsified citations (Dkt. 18). || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's sur-reply cited a non-existent case; the Court found the citation fictitious and noted the closest real case does not support the asserted proposition.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "W.D. Oklahoma", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Submission stricken out, and warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 19, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-SC", "title": "South Carolina", "entries": [ { "date": "21 May 2024", "title": "South Carolina 2023 H 4754 (Section 4)", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/bills/4754.htm", "description": "Holds licensees accountable for work produced using AI or machine learning, treating violations by these programs as direct violations by the licensee.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 January 2023", "title": "A bill to amend the South Carolina Code of Laws by adding Section 63-5-380 so as to prohibit operators of internet-based applications from using \"automated decision systems\" to place content on social media platforms for users under the age of eighteen who are residents of the State of South Carolina, to require operators to perform age-verification practices for certain users, to establish that a violation is an unfair or deceptive act or practice under the South Carolina Unfair Trade Practices Act, and for other purposes.", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess125_2023-2024/bills/404.htm", "description": "Prohibits operators of internet-based applications, including social media platforms, from using automated decision-making (ADM) systems to suggest content for users under 18 in South Carolina. Requires operators who use ADM systems for users 18 or older to perform age verification of users; violation is subject to civil penalties. ", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-ND", "title": "North Dakota", "entries": [ { "date": "08 February 2024", "title": "State of North Dakota Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://www.ndit.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Policies/artificial_intelligence_policy_2024.pdf", "description": "Establishes policy for North Dakota's AI use to ensure safety, privacy, and ethical standards. Requires AI reliability, transparency, and accountability. Mandates risk management, privacy assessments, and compliance with legal frameworks. Directs NDIT to provide training and evaluate new AI technologies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 April 2023", "title": "An act to amend and reenact subsection 8 of section 1-01-49 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the definition of person; and to declare an emergency", "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/assembly/68-2023/regular/documents/23-0346-05000.pdf", "description": "Clarifies that artificial intelligence cannot qualify as a \"person\" for the purpose of North Dakota state law.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Volker v. Nygaard", "url": "/documents/1590/Volker_v_Nygaard_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Volker repeatedly filed briefs containing fictitious, AI-generated case citations; the district court found them fictitious and dismissed the case with prejudice as a Rule 11 sanction.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "City of Dickinson v. Helgeson", "url": "/documents/1488/City_of_Dickinson_v_Helgeson.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court determined the cited State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2003 ND 28 657 N.W.2d 829 is a nonexistent authority in Helgeson's brief. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified the citation State v. Clark, 2022 ND 85 999 N.W.2d 632 in Helgeson's brief as not corresponding to the asserted authority and found it fictitious as presented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited State v. Rogers, 2006 ND 85 712 N.W.2d 841 listed by Helgeson did not match the authority he relied on and was among the fictitious citations. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court concluded the citation State ex rel. Stenehjem v. FreeEats.com Inc., 712 N.W.2d 828, 841 (N.D. 2006) as used by Helgeson was not an accurate existing authority and was treated as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State v. Clark, 2012 ND 135, 818 N.W.2d 739' among other offered authorities; the court determined several of these offered citations were fictitious or misleading. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State ex rel. Olson v. City of Fargo, 250 N/A' in his brief; the court found the citation to be nonexistent after searching and listed a different, genuine Olson decision as unrelated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2003 ND 28, 657 N.W.2d 829' which the court determined did not exist as offered and did not support his arguments. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2012 ND 176, 820 N.W.2d 697' as authority; the court found the offered citation to be fictitious and not the authority relied upon. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State v. Clark, 2022 ND 85, 999 N.W.2d 632' in his brief but the court found the citation did not correspond to supporting authority as offered. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'State ex rel. Olson v. City of Fargo, 250 N.W.2d 558 (N.D. 1977)' does not exist; court matched it to unrelated real reporters/titles and deemed it fictitious", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "City of Dickinson v. Helgeson", "url": "/documents/1620/City_of_Dickinson_v_Helgeson_USA_4_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'State ex rel. Olson v. City of Fargo, 250 N.W.2d 558 (N.D. 1977)' does not exist; court matched it to unrelated real reporters/titles and deemed it fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2003 ND 28 657 N.W.2d 829' as offered by Helgeson was nonexistent or misreferenced and did not support his claims. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court identified 'State v. $44,140.00 U.S. Currency, 2012 ND 176, 820 N.W.2d 697' in Helgeson's brief as a non-existent or incorrect citation and treated it as fictitious. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court noted 'State v. Clark, 2022 ND 85, 999 N.W.2d 632' as offered by Helgeson did not correspond to the cited authorities and was treated as a nonexistent/misleading citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found 'State ex rel. Stenehjem v. FreeEats.com Inc., 712 N.W.2d 828, 841 (N.D. 2006)' in Helgeson's brief to be a fictitious citation that did not exist as cited.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Monetary sanction", "monetary_penalty": "500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "Corey v. Kenneh", "url": "/documents/897/Corey_v._Kenneh_USA_22_OCtober_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Corey's brief cited case law that the Court found led to different or no cases; Court concluded the citations were non-existent and could not support dismissal for mootness.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "SC North Dakota", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Affirmed sanctions from lower court", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 6, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-OH", "title": "Ohio", "entries": [ { "date": "04 December 2023", "title": "State of Ohio Administrative Policy on AI", "url": "https://das.ohio.gov/wps/wcm/connect/gov/de987825-6f6d-41e7-86b9-31c957551975/IT-17.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE.Z18_M1HGGIK0N0JO00QO9DDDDM3000-de987825-6f6d-41e7-86b9-31c957551975-oMRScaB", "description": "Establishes statewide governance for AI use by Ohio state agencies, including AI solution development, procurement, security, and privacy requirements. Mandates AI Council oversight, training for workforce use, vendor compliance, and ongoing monitoring for data quality and bias.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Quandel Construction Group, Inc. v. Hunt Construction Group, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1892/Quandel_v._Hunt_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Hunt cited a nonexistent Aerpio case and incorrect citation (wrong case name/number and Westlaw cite); court identified the correct case as Aerpio Pharms., Inc. v. Quaggin, 2019 WL 4717477 (S.D. Ohio Sept. 26, 2019). || False Quotes: Case Law | Hunt included three direct quotations attributed to the (mis)cited Aerpio decision that do not appear in the actual Aerpio v. Quaggin opinion; court found only the phrase \"inextricably intertwined\" actually appears in the real case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Hunt cited the wrong Vaughn case name and provided an unrelated case number; court found the error was wrong in form though the quoted substance was unchanged.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Explain", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Hong Chris Lu v. Capital One, N.A., et al.", "url": "/documents/1830/LU_v._Capital_One_USA_25_March_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Opposition brief (Doc. 39) contained numerous fabricated cases and troubling citation inconsistencies; opposing counsel identified the fake citations (Doc. 41); plaintiff later apologized and withdrew or corrected the filings (Doc. 47). || Fabricated: Case Law | Subsequent filing (Doc. 43) again included fake cases; court noted repeated use of fabricated citations and citation inconsistencies in the docket.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Factor in dismissing the case with prejudice", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "Kettering Adventist Healthcare v. Sandra Collier, et al.", "url": "/documents/1574/Kettering_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited United States v. Pendergraft, 297 F.3d 1198 (11th Cir. 2002) as supporting civil-extortion elements; the Court noted Pendergraft addresses criminal extortion under the Hobbs Act, not civil extortion under Ohio law (misapplied authority). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'State v. Carter, 72 Ohio App. 3d 553 (2d Dist. 1991)' as authority for an element of civil extortion; the court's review found no such opinion supporting that proposition (case appears non-existent/mislinked). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel relied on 'In re Protech, 51 F.4th 714 (6th Cir. 2022)' in briefing; the Court's independent review found no Sixth Circuit opinion matching that citation (phantom citation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited 'Dart Indus. Co. v. Hurd, 66 Ohio St. 2d 280 (1981)' for protection of settlement demand letters; the Court determined that citation was fabricated/misleading and not applicable as asserted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Kenty v. Transamerica Premium Ins. Co., 72 Ohio St.3d 415 (1995) as addressing extortion-related settlement privilege; the Court found Kenty does not support that proposition (misstated holding). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Office Depot, Inc. v. Impact Office Prods., LLC, 821 F. Supp. 2d 912 (N.D. Ohio 2011) for a particular pleading/particularity rule for DTSA/OUTSA; Court found the cited passages do not state the proposition relied upon (mischaracterized authority). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited 'State ex rel. Ellis v. Cleveland Mun. Sch. Dist., 2015-Ohio-760' as supporting that settlement demand letters are non-actionable; Court found the cited authority was actually a different federal case (309 F. Supp. 2d 1019) and irrelevant to proposition. || False Quotes: Case Law | Counsel quoted or paraphrased United States v. Jackson, 180 F.3d 55 (2d Cir. 1999) as saying that informing authorities of misconduct cannot be an unlawful threat; the Cou", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Contempt Finding; Brief Struck; Monetary Sanction", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "Hector Salvatori v. The Huntington National Bank", "url": "/documents/1268/Salvatori_The_Huntington_National_Bank_USA_7_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Pineda v. Chase Bank (07-CV-563-PJH, 2007 WL 521222) does not exist in the N.D. Cal.; the Westlaw cite actually links to a different case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found the cited Herring v. Dist. of Columbia (780 F. Supp. 2d 105) does not exist as cited and the reporter citation corresponds to a different case. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court noted Gray v. Beverly Enterprises-Mississippi, Inc. exists but does not discuss Section 1981 or statutes of limitations as plaintiff claimed (misrepresented authority).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "South Central Ohio Job and Family Services v. Corey Mason", "url": "/documents/1152/Robson_v._Mason_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited '2016-Ohio-2987' as Nolan v. Nolan; the court found that citation is misattributed and does not support the asserted legal proposition (2016-Ohio-2987 corresponds to State v. Hari). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Motion contained multiple inaccurate or non-matching case citations (court observed only 2 of 10 citations actually refer to the cases cited).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "In re T.F., P.F., and S.S. Minor Children", "url": "/documents/1153/In_re_TF_PF_and_SS_Minor_Children_USA_25_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Sain v. Roo, 2018-Ohio-2878, ¶ 19,\" which the court found to be fictitious (no case assigned to that citation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"In re Whitaker, 36 Ohio App.3d 213 (1987),\" but the court found this citation to be incorrect/fictitious (36 Ohio App.3d 213 is State v. Arvanitis). || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on \"In re M.M., 2015-Ohio-2571\" and another similar citation, which the court identified as fictitious/misassigned and not supporting appellant's propositions. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed a quotation to Braatz v. Braatz, 85 Ohio St.3d 40 (1999), but the court found the quoted language does not appear in Braatz. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"In re K.W., 2016-Ohio-5272, ¶ 16,\" which the court determined was mis-cited / assigned to a different case and did not support his claim. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"In re J.J., 2017-Ohio-5467, ¶ 29,\" but the court noted no case is assigned to that citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant referenced \"State v. Smith, 2022-Ohio-1234,\" but the court observed that citation is assigned to a different case (In re Z.L.) and does not support appellant's asserted proposition. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited \"In re G.C., 2020-Ohio-4092\" for legal propositions, but the court found that citation is assigned to an unrelated case (Oregon v. Gaughan) and does not support his claims. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellant attributed a quotation/supportive language to In re Guardianship of Hollins, 114 Ohio St.3d 434 (2007), but the court found no such quotation in Hollins. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant relied on In re Bonfield, 2002-Ohio-6660, but the court found the case did not support the specific standing arguments appellant advanced.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "title": "Michael Izquierdo v. Wipro Limited", "url": "/documents/1100/Izquierdo_v._Wipro_Limited_USA_21_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Whelan v. Colgan Air, Inc., 2010 WL 3610460 (E.D.N.Y.)' to argue COBRA inadequacy; the Court found the case does not exist and labeled the citation likely hallucinated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "State ex rel. Soretha Marie Eldridge v. Judge Ashley Kilbane", "url": "/documents/1002/Eldridge_v._Kilbane_USA_31_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "title": "Safe Choice, LLC v. City of Cleveland", "url": "/documents/961/Safe_Choice_v._City_of_Cleveland_USA_30_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney attributed the phrase 'fresh injury' to Kuhnle; court found the Sixth Circuit never used that phrase and deemed the citation misrepresented. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate this opinion; counsel conceded she could not find or certify its existence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate this opinion; counsel conceded she could not find or certify its existence. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney claimed Jackson supports a 'custom of tolerance' Monell theory; court found Jackson addressed official policy and failure-to-train theories, not the theory advanced. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney represented Burgess as finding failure to respond could amount to ratification; court noted Burgess held after-the-fact approval insufficient to establish Monell claim. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney cited Huffman for a proposition about conspiracy; court observed the word 'conspiracy' does not appear in Huffman and the proposition was inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney claimed Doe v. Claiborne County supports that punitive damages cannot be dismissed at pleading stage; court found 'punitive' does not appear in the opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Attorney cited Conley and Doe v. Columbia Univ. for a broad proposition about damages demands at pleading stage; court found those authorities did not support the asserted proposition. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate this opinion; counsel conceded she could not find or certify its existence. || Fabricated: Case Law | Court could not locate this opinion; counsel conceded she could not find or certify its existence.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Amicus (Casemine)", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Referral to the Bar; Order to serve decision on clinet;", "monetary_penalty": "7500 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "Jose Villavicencio v. Judge Stephanie Mingo", "url": "/documents/854/JOSE_VILLAVICENCIO_Plaintiff_v_JUDGE_STEPHANIE_MINGO_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Marsh v. Chambers for the proposition that federal district courts may issue mandamus to compel state court officers; the court held this characterization was \"patently false.\" || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff relied on several state-law citations that the court found to be incorrect or non-existent. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Plaintiff asserted authority from \"28 U.S.C. § 1362\" and \"28 U.S.C. § 136(2)\" as support for mandamus; the court noted those provisions do not provide such authority and construed the request under 28 U.S.C. § 1651.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "Vision Management Group v. Constant Aviation", "url": "/documents/812/Vision_Management_Group_LLC_et_al_Plaintiffs_v_Constant_Aviation_LLC_Defendant.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel miscited Cook and referenced a non-existent page; the court identified the incorrect citation and corrected the record (noting the correct Cook citation). || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited an unlocatable Sixth Circuit opinion 'Onyx Enters. Int'l Corp. v. Sloan' (843 F. App'x 859, 867 (6th Cir. 2021)); the court was unable to find the opinion and disregarded the citation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning, arguments disregarded", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "title": "Calvin Bradley v. Matthew Eichhorn, et al.", "url": "/documents/787/CALVIN_BRADLEY_Plaintiff_v_MATTHEW_EICHHORN_et_al_Defendants.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"State v. Gonzales, 2016-Ohio-8319, 6th Dist.\"; the court found 2016-Ohio-8319 leads to a case titled State v. Gonzalez at the Ohio Supreme Court (not Sixth Dist.) and is unrelated to the issue asserted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited \"State v. Parker, 2018-Ohio-4210, 2d Dist.\" for the proposition that K-9 alerts cannot establish probable cause post-legalization; the court found the citation actually corresponds to State v. Coleman (Eighth Dist.) and is unrelated to drug-sniffing dogs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-09-03", "title": "Nixon v. Ken Ganley Ford West", "url": "/documents/782/Nixon_v_Ken_Ganley_Ford_West.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court concluded at least two of Plaintiff's motions contained citations to nonexistent cases created by generative AI; Defendants reported inability to locate the cited authorities. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple unspecified case citations in Plaintiff's filings could not be found and were determined by the Court to be AI-generated fabrications.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "title": "Lahti v. Consensys Software Inc.", "url": "/documents/718/Lahti_v._Consensys_Software_USA_20_AUgust_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law || Misrepresented: Case Law | At least 2 || Fabricated: Case Law || Fabricated: Case Law", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Submission Stricken", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "title": "Muhammad v. Gap Inc.", "url": "/documents/700/Muhammad_v_Gap_Inc.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited as controlling authority a non-existent S.D. Ohio case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff asserted the Court relied on a case that does not appear to exist; the Court actually cited In re McDonald. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted the phrase “uncompensable by money” from the case, but the phrase does not appear and the case concerns Sherman Act, not civil rights. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff provided a purported quote from the case that does not appear in that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff’s filing quoted six cases, but none contained the cited language. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited as controlling authority a case the court could not find exists. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to the case, but the quoted language does not appear there.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "OSC", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2023-11-16", "title": "Whaley v. Experian Information Solutions", "url": "/documents/602/gov.uscourts.ohsd.274822.26.0.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Ohio", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 17, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-RI", "title": "Rhode Island", "entries": [ { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "Rhode Island SB 146", "url": "https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/S0146/2023", "description": "Prohibits the use of facial recognition, biometric recognition, and certain automated decision systems in video-lottery terminals and online betting applications. Restricts AI use for influencing gaming outcomes. Excludes standardized rewards programs from these prohibitions.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Harms: Financial loss", "Risk factors: Privacy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 June 2024", "title": "Rhode Island HB 6286", "url": "https://legiscan.com/RI/bill/H6286/2023", "description": "Authorizes the Rhode Island Attorney General's Office to regulate large-scale generative AI models, ensuring that they meet disclosure, informed consent, and data management standards.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Tiering" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 February 2024", "title": "Rhode Island Executive Order 24-06", "url": "https://governor.ri.gov/executive-orders/executive-order-24-06", "description": "Establishes a Chief Data Officer within the Department of Administration to oversee a Data Center of Excellence. Requires the creation of an AI Center of Excellence to develop AI policies, ethics, and training. Forms an AI Task Force to assess AI risks and opportunities.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 June 2023", "title": "Rhode Island House Resolution 6423", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText23/HouseText23/H6423A.htm", "description": "Requests the Department of Administration and RI Division of Information Technology to report on the use, validation, and evaluation of algorithmic decision-making, address biases in AI, and propose regulatory actions. Requires submission of findings to the House by September 29, 2023.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 May 2023", "title": "An act relating to state affairs and government -- commission to monitor the use of artificial intelligence in state government.", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText/BillText23/SenateText23/S0117.pdf", "description": "Establishes a permanent commission to monitor the use of artificial intelligence in Rhode Island state government and recommend changes to the state’s use of automated decision-making (ADM) systems. Requires the commission to submit an annual, public report detailing their findings.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2022", "title": "Rhode Island SB 2083 (2022)", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/BillText22/SenateText22/S2083.htm", "description": "Regulates AI-based eye assessment mechanisms, requiring patient-provider interaction and verification of recent in-person exams. Forbids AI-generated prescription use alone and imposes penalties for violations. Directs the Department of Health to establish implementing rules and regulations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 June 2022", "title": "Rhode Island HB 6654 (2022)", "url": "https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Billtext/BillText22/HouseText22/H6654.htm", "description": "Regulates AI devices in eye assessments, requiring synchronous/asynchronous provider-patient interaction, medical history collection, and disclosure about assessment limits. Requires providers to verify patient details, maintain records, adhere to care standards, and not rely solely on assessment data. Authorizes penalties for violations.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 7, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-GA", "title": "Georgia", "entries": [ { "date": "28 January 2026", "title": "Georgia SB 9 (\"Ensuring Accountability for Illegal AI Activities Act\")", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/69351", "description": "Enacts measures to address the use of AI-generated media in elections. \n\nDefines \"materially deceptive media\" and prohibits its publication with intent to deceive voters within 90 days of an election, establishing offenses for fraudulent election interference and solicitation thereof.\n\nExcludes activities protected by the First Amendment, such as satire or journalism. \n\nPrescribes penalties, escalating from misdemeanors to felonies for repeat offenses, and grants jurisdiction to the Attorney ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true }, { "date": "01 December 2024", "title": "Georgia Technology Authority Artificial Intelligence Responsible Use (SS-23-002)", "url": "https://gta-psg.georgia.gov/psg/artificial-intelligence-responsible-use-ss-23-002", "description": "Regulates state agencies' ethical, transparent use of AI, prioritizing rights and minimizing harm. Requires GTA oversight in AI deployment, bias identification, privacy protection, training, and misuse reporting. Ensures collaboration transparency, rigorous testing, and contingency planning.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "02 May 2023", "title": "An act to amend Chapter 12 of Title 31 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to the control of hazardous conditions, preventable diseases, and metabolic disorders [...]", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20232024/213440", "description": "Regulates the use of artificial intelligence and other technology in eye assessments for medical purposes, including by requiring medical professionals to analyze any data collected or generated by automated systems.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Incentives: Fines", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Georgia SB 540 [URL: https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/73452]", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/73452", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation requiring involves therapy/mental health — Passed Legislature", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-09", "title": "Slay v. Ross", "url": "/documents/1619/Slay_v._Ross_9_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited Waller v. Waller, 288 Ga. 164, 164-165 (2010), which the court found to be fictitious; court noted as an example of AI-generated bogus citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited Johnson v. Johnson, 286 Ga. 720, 721 (2010), which the court found to be fictitious; cited as part of the pattern of hallucinated cases. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited Durden v. Barron, 287 Ga. 858 (2010), which the court determined does not actually exist and flagged as a bogus citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief cited In re Waitz, 255 Ga. 474 (1986), which the court identified as another nonexistent authority in the brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "Hicks v. City of Albany", "url": "/documents/1582/Hicks_v_City_of_Albany_USA_26_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited Knight v. Pierson, Inc., 206 Ga. App. 514 (1992), which the court could not locate; the City pointed out the inaccurate citation; counsel later admitted it was a nonexistent case likely produced by an AI platform and apologized. || Fabricated: Case Law | Counsel cited City of LaGrange v. Bolden, 261 Ga. 77 (1991), which the court could not locate; counsel admitted the citation was fake and believed it originated from an AI platform.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Tolbert v. State", "url": "/documents/1374/Tolbert_v._the_State_USA_22_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Counsel relied on Laney for the proposition that a jury must be instructed on particular 'forcible felony,' but the Court noted Laney has been long overruled; citing it without caution was misleading. || False Quotes: Case Law | Appellate brief attributed a purported general rule about accident to Sanders and Shaw, but the Court found neither case discusses accident nor contains the quoted language. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel cited Harris v. State and Ross v. State as supporting insufficiency/self-defense propositions; the Court found these cases do not discuss those issues and do not support the cited propositions. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Counsel attributed a prosecutor remark in the brief that does not appear in the transcript; the Court compared the cited page and found the transcript contained different language. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Counsel attributed a direct quote to trial counsel about bifurcation that the Court could not find in the record; the Court found trial counsel's actual testimony was different.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "CA Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Counsel to serve opinion on client and State Bar; CLE; Bar referral", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "title": "William Parker v. Patrick \"Pat\" Labat, et al.", "url": "/documents/1483/Parker_v._Labat_USA_21_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Court found a cited case does not exist and counsel cited it as Eleventh Circuit authority. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court determined the language counsel attributed to the Fourth Circuit's Akers opinion does not appear in that decision. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found counsel quoted language that does not appear in Cutliffe and relied on that misquotation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted passage counsel attributed to Underwood does not appear in that opinion and the reliance was misplaced. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the passage counsel attributed to Randall does not appear in that opinion. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court concluded counsel misstated the holding of Reeves, treating an ADEA decision as establishing a constitutional right. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found counsel relied on Moss in support of a sheriff-deputy patronage argument, but Moss involved a firefighter and did not apply the Elrod-Branti analysis.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "N.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "CLE; Sworn statement", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-31", "title": "Medical Buyers Group LLC d/b/a Integrity v. Candice Pence, et al.", "url": "/documents/1057/Medical_Buyer_Group_v._Pence_USA_18_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Integrity cited Truist Bank v. Buerge, 2022 WL 17541757, at *6 (M.D. Ga. Dec. 8, 2022); court conducted independent search and could not locate the opinion; citation remained in Integrity's final amended response. || Fabricated: Case Law | Alleged citation Mission Critical Sols., LLC v. Connolly, 2021 WL 5985016 (M.D. Ga. Dec. 16, 2021) appeared in earlier filing but was not in the final amended response; court could not locate the opinion in its searches. || Fabricated: Case Law | Alleged citation 'Bliss, 279 Ga. App. At 807' appeared in earlier briefing and could not be located by the court's searches. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Integrity is alleged to have misrepresented the holding of Encompass Off. Sols., Inc. v. Ingenix, Inc.; the court read Encompass and found Defendants' allegation that the holding was misstated to be credible.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Cost Order and Public Admonishment", "monetary_penalty": "10000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "Ryan Andrew Nelson v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company", "url": "/documents/969/Nelson_v._State_Farms_Fire_USA_28_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff filed briefs containing multiple citations to nonexistent cases; the court and defendant identified these as fabricated case citations and the Magistrate Judge noted Plaintiff admitted filing them.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "title": "Woodrow Jackson v. Auto-Owners Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/593/JACKSON_v._AUTO_OWNERS_INSURANCE_COMPANY_USA_14_July_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 1 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 2 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 3 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 4 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 5 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 6 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 7 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 8 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Non-existent case citation 9 of 9 in Plaintiff’s MTD Response; neither the Court nor opposing counsel could locate it; Court deemed it a hallucinated case.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "M.D. Georgia", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; CLE requirement; Adverse Costs Order", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "Yes" }, { "date": "2025-04-23", "title": "Nichols v. Walmart", "url": "/documents/349/Nichols_v._Walmart_Inc._S.D._Georgia_April_23_2025.pdf", "description": "", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "court": "S.D. Georgia", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Case dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and as a Rule 11 sanction for bad-faith submission of fabricated legal authorities", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-PA", "title": "Pennsylvania", "entries": [ { "date": "20 September 2023", "title": "Pennsylvania Executive Order 2023-19", "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/oa/documents/policies/eo/2023-19.pdf#:~:text=Governor%E2%80%99s%20Office%20Executive%20Order%202023,AI%29%20into%20Pennsylvania%E2%80%99s", "description": "Establishes the Generative AI Governing Board to oversee AI use, ensuring alignment with core values such as accuracy, equity, and privacy. Instructs the Office of Administration to develop policies and training for responsible AI use within Pennsylvania's agencies.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州行政命令 2023-19", "description_zh": "建立生成式人工智能管理委员会来监督人工智能的使用，确保与准确性、公平性和隐私等核心价值观保持一致。指示行政办公室制定宾夕法尼亚州各机构内负责任的人工智能使用政策和培训。" }, { "date": "29 June 2023", "title": "Pennsylvania HR 170", "url": "https://legiscan.com/PA/bill/HR170/2023", "description": "Directs the Joint State Government Commission to study AI's impact in Pennsylvania, establish an advisory committee, and assess AI development, risks, and benefits. Requires legislative proposals, ethical guidelines, and an evaluation report within 18 months to state leaders.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Financial loss", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: New institution" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚 HR 170", "description_zh": "指示联合州政府委员会研究人工智能对宾夕法尼亚州的影响，建立咨询委员会，并评估人工智能的发展、风险和收益。要求在 18 个月内向国家领导人提交立法提案、道德准则和评估报告。" }, { "date": "12 June 2023", "title": "Pennsylvania HB 1380", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/billInfo/billInfo.cfm?syear=2023&sInd=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1380", "description": "Utilizes artificial intelligence for eligibility verification and fraud detection in public assistance programs. Authorizes data access from state agencies to verify residency and eligibility. Prioritizes job training programs to increase employment and self-reliance.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚 HB 1380", "description_zh": "利用人工智能在公共援助计划中进行资格验证和欺诈检测。授权国家机构访问数据以验证居住权和资格。优先考虑职业培训计划，以增加就业和自力更生。" }, { "date": "28 April 2023", "title": "An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in sexual offenses, providing for the offense of unlawful dissemination of artificially generated depiction; and, in minors, further providing for the offense of sexual abuse of children and for the offense of transmission of sexually explicit images by minor.", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?syear=2023&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=1063#:~:text=An%20Act%20amending%20Title%2018,the%20offense%20of%20transmission%20of", "description": "Makes it illegal to disseminate deepfake pornography -- lifelike visual content that depicts sexual scenes which did not occur in reality, including images of nudity and sexual acts -- in the state of Pennsylvania.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Strategies: Performance requirements" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "一项修订《宾夕法尼亚州综合法规》第 18 章（犯罪和犯罪）的法案，其中涉及性犯罪，规定非法传播人工生成的描述为犯罪行为；对于未成年人，进一步规定了对儿童的性虐待罪和未成年人传播露骨色情图片罪。", "description_zh": "宾夕法尼亚州规定传播深度伪造色情内容（描绘现实中未发生的性场景的逼真视觉内容，包括裸体和性行为图像）为非法。" }, { "date": "07 March 2023", "title": "Pennsylvania HB 49", "url": "https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/billInfo.cfm?syear=2023&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=0049", "description": "Establishes a registry for businesses operating AI systems in Pennsylvania. Requires submission of business details, including code type and contact information. Prohibits commercial use of collected data. Mandates annual reporting to legislative committees. Defines \"artificial intelligence.\"", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "宾夕法尼亚 HB 49", "description_zh": "为宾夕法尼亚州运营人工智能系统的企业建立注册表。需要提交业务详细信息，包括代码类型和联系信息。禁止将收集的数据用于商业用途。授权向立法委员会提交年度报告。定义“人工智能”。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "2026 Chatbot Legislation — Pennsylvania SB 1090 [URL: https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb1090]", "url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb1090", "description": "2026 chatbot legislation — Passed Chamber", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 宾夕法尼亚州 SB 1090 [URL：https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/sb1090]", "description_zh": "2026 年聊天机器人立法 — 议会通过" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "title": "Domingo Beato-Estrella v. M. Arviza", "url": "/documents/1694/Beato_Estrella_v._Swaney_USA_16_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Santos v. Warden Allenwood FCI, No. 1:17-CV-02116, 2018 WL 1178251 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 6, 2018)'; court found no such M.D. Pa. decision — the 2018 WL number corresponds to Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London v. Pettit (W.D. Wash.), unrelated to petitioner's claim. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Rodriguez v. Ebbert, No. 3:14-CV-02404, 2015 WL 1810315 (M.D. Pa. Apr. 21, 2015)'; court found 2015 WL 1810315 corresponds to an unrelated Florida appellate decision (D.S. v. Dep't of Child. & Fams.), not the cited M.D. Pa. case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Cruz v. United States, No. 1:16-CV-01034, 2016 WL 8732312 (M.D. Pa. Dec. 16, 2016)'; court found 2016 WL 8732312 corresponds to Black Water Mgmt., LLC v. Sprenkle (E.D. Va.), not the cited M.D. Pa. decision. || Misrepresented: Case Law | When using this court's docket numbers, petitioner identified cases (e.g., Firestone v. Rockovich, No. 1:17-CV-2116; Fagal v. Marywood Univ.; Drake v. Warden of Allenwood Low) that exist but are irrelevant to his claim — the court treated these as misattributed and not supportive of petitioner's position.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "多明戈·比托-埃斯特雷拉诉M·阿维扎", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿人引用“Santos v. Warden Allenwood FCI，编号 1:17-CV-02116, 2018 WL 1178251（宾夕法尼亚州医学博士，2018 年 3 月 6 日）”；法院认为 M.D. Pa. 没有这样的裁决——2018 年 WL 编号对应于伦敦劳合社的某些保险商诉佩蒂特（W.D. 华盛顿州）一案，与申请人的主张无关。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“Rodriguez v. Ebbert，No. 3:14-CV-02404, 2015 WL 1810315（M.D. Pa. 2015 年 4 月 21 日）”；法院认定 2015 WL 1810315 对应于一项不相关的佛罗里达州上诉判决（D.S. v. Dep't of Child. & Fams.），而不是引用的 M.D. Pa. 案件。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“Cruz 诉美国，No. 1:16-CV-01034, 2016 WL 8732312（M.D. Pa. 2016 年 12 月 16 日）”；法院认定 2016 WL 8732312 对应的是 Black Water Mgmt., LLC 诉 Sprenkle (E.D. Va.)，而不是引用的 M.D. Pa. 判决。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|在使用本法院的案卷编号时，请愿人指出了存在但与他的主张无关的案件（例如，Firestone 诉 Rockovich，No. 1:17-CV-2116；Fagal 诉 Marywood Univ.；Drake 诉 Warden of Allenwood Low）——法院将这些案件视为错误归属且不支持请愿人的立场。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-13", "title": "A.C. Appellant v. H.D. AND J.C.", "url": "/documents/1687/AC_Appellant_v_HD_AND_JC_13_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Brief cites a non-existent case, which the court determined does not exist and was likely generated by AI. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cites a reported Commonwealth v. Lyons at a reporter citation and for a proposition the court found unsupported; court found no case at that citation supporting appellant's use. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Brief cites In re Ullman but attributes a proposition to it that the case does not stand for; court found the citation exists but was misused.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "A.C. 上诉人诉 H.D.和 J.C.", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法| Brief 引用了一个不存在的案例，法院判定该案例不存在，很可能是由人工智能生成的。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 在记者引文中引用了报道中的联邦诉里昂案，并提出了法院认为不支持的主张；法院在该传票中没有发现任何支持上诉人使用的案例。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Brief 引用了 In re Ullman，但认为该案并不代表该案的命题；法院发现该传票存在，但被滥用。", "court": "SC Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Nydia Rosario v. Liberty Mutual Personal Insurance Company", "url": "/documents/1531/NYDIA_ROSARIO_v_LIBERTY_MUTUAL_PERSONAL_INSURANCE_COMPANY.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Counsel quoted Kiessling v. State Farm, citing language said to be from Santiago v. Warminster Twp.; court found the quoted language does not exist in Santiago and the attribution/misquote is inaccurate. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incorrect reporter volume number for a Third Circuit unpublished opinion: counsel cited '56 F. App'x 133' instead of the correct '506 F. App'x 133' for Smith v. State Farm Auto. Ins. Co. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Incorrect pincite and mixed database locators for Jones v. Allstate: counsel cited '2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 93673, at *2-3' and then 'Id. at *2-3' though the quoted language appears at *5 in the LEXIS entry and at *2-3 in the 2017 WL entry; miscitation noted. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Repeated omission of pincites/electronic report numbers and reproduction of language without quotation marks for cases (e.g., Zaloga, Hoffer, Stepanovich, Schwendinger-Roy, Wagner); court flagged these as inaccurate citation practices. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Apparent copying of miscitations and inaccurate quotations from prior filings in other matters (similar miscitations found in earlier Liberty Mutual filings in Tsirikis-Brown, Blazejewski, Giraldo); court noted potential copying across briefs.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Nydia Rosario 诉 Liberty Mutual 个人保险公司", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|律师引用了 Kiessling 诉 State Farm 案，援引了据说来自 Santiago 诉 Warminster Twp. 案的语言；法院认为圣地亚哥不存在所引用的语言，并且归属/错误引用不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|第三巡回法院未发表意见的报告者卷号不正确：律师在史密斯诉 State Farm Auto 案中引用了“56 F. App'x 133”，而不是正确的“506 F. App'x 133”。插入。公司 ||歪曲事实：判例法| Jones 诉 Allstate 案的 pincite 和混合数据库定位器不正确：律师引用“2017 年美国地区法院”。 LEXIS 93673，位于*2-3'，然后是'Id。 at *2-3'，尽管引用的语言出现在 LEXIS 条目中的 *5 处和 2017 WL 条目中的 *2-3 处；注意到错误。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|反复省略针状体/电子报告编号以及复制不带引号的案例语言（例如 Zaloga、Hoffer、Stepanovich、Schwendinger-Roy、Wagner）；法院将这些标记为不准确的引用做法。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|在其他事项中明显复制先前提交的文件中的错误引用和不准确的引用（在 Tsirikis-Brown、Blazejewski、Giraldo 的早期 Liberty Mutual 文件中发现了类似的错误引用）；法院指出可能存在抄袭案情摘要的情况。", "court": "E.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Obligation to share decision with firm", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Emmanuel S. Yirenkyi v. Angela Hoover", "url": "/documents/1447/Yirenkyi_v._Hoover_USA_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Frederick v. Warden, 2019 WL 1318445 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2019)' to support that 8–10 months detention requires release; court found no such Middle District of Pennsylvania decision and labeled it an AI-generated legal hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Petitioner cited 'Rodriquez v. Lowe, 2018 WL 683974 (M.D. Pa. Feb. 2, 2018)'; the court found the provided Westlaw citation redirected to an unrelated Quebec family-court decision and concluded no such M.D. Pa. case exists, calling it a legal hallucination.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "伊曼纽尔·伊伦基诉安吉拉·胡佛", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|请愿人援引“Frederick v. Warden, 2019 WL 1318445 (M.D. Pa. Mar. 22, 2019)”来支持 8-10 个月的拘留需要释放；法院认为宾夕法尼亚中区没有这样的决定，并将其标记为人工智能生成的法律幻觉。 ||捏造：判例法|请愿人引用了“Rodriquez v. Lowe，2018 WL 683974（宾夕法尼亚州医学博士，2018 年 2 月 2 日）”；法院发现 Westlaw 提供的引文被重定向到了一项不相关的魁北克家庭法院的判决，并得出结论，不存在这样的 M.D. Pa. 案件，称其为法律幻觉。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "title": "Lifetime Well LLC v. IBSpot.com Inc.", "url": "/documents/1398/Lifetime_v._IBSpot_USA_26_January_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Motion included an alleged quotation that does not appear in the cited opinion; opposing counsel flagged the nonexistent quote from a Pennsylvania case. || Fabricated: Case Law | Multiple AI-generated, non-existent case opinions were cited in the Motion; Court identified eight defective citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Several real cases were cited but did not support the propositions asserted or were from inapposite jurisdictions (mischaracterized holdings).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lifetime Well LLC 诉 IBSpot.com Inc.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|动议包含了未出现在所引用意见中的所谓引述；对方律师标记了宾夕法尼亚州案件中不存在的引述。 ||捏造：判例法|动议中引用了多个人工智能生成的、不存在的案件意见；法院发现了八个有缺陷的引文。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|引用了几个真实案例，但并不支持所主张的主张，或者来自不适当的司法管辖区（错误描述的资产）。", "court": "E.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Lexis+ AI; LexisNexis Protégé", "outcome": "Monetary Sanction; Order to share opinion with Professional Association", "monetary_penalty": "4000", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Saber v. Navy Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/1413/IDRIS_ABDUS_SABER_Appellant_v_NAVY_FEDERAL_CREDIT_UNION.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'D'Happart v. First Commonwealth Bank' with two reporter citations; the court found no such cases exist at those citations and said the authority did not support Appellant's argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant's brief contained several other case citations that 'do not exist'; Appellee suggested the errors resulted from use of generative AI and the court noted multiple counterfeit authorities in the brief.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "军刀诉海军联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“D'Happart 诉第一联邦银行”，并附有两次记者引述；法院在这些传票中发现不存在此类案件，并表示当局不支持上诉人的论点。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人的陈述中还引用了其他几个“不存在”的案例；被上诉人认为这些错误是由于使用生成人工智能造成的，法院在简报中指出了多个伪造机构。", "court": "SC Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Russel Williams Home Services LLC v. Minleon International (USA) Limited LLC, et al.", "url": "/documents/1253/Russel_Williams_Home_Services_v._Minleaon_Int_USA_17_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Minleon attributed a quotation to Abbott Lab'ys v. Sandoz, Inc. that does not appear in that case; the court found the purported quote invented and noted Sandoz actually says price erosion is evidence of irreparable harm. || False Quotes: Case Law | Minleon attributed a quotation to Abbott Lab'ys v. Andrx Pharms., Inc. that does not appear in that case; the court found no federal case contained the quoted language and labeled the brief's behavior unacceptable.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Russel Williams Home Services LLC 诉 Minleon International (USA) Limited LLC 等。", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法| Minleon 引用了 Abbott Lab'ys v. Sandoz, Inc. 的引述，但该引述并未出现在该案中；法院发现，所谓的报价是捏造的，并指出山德士实际上表示价格侵蚀是不可挽回的损害的证据。 ||虚假引述：判例法| Minleon 引用了 Abbott Lab'ys v. Andrx Pharms., Inc. 的引述，但该引述并未出现在该案中；法院认为没有任何联邦案件包含所引用的语言，并称该摘要的行为是不可接受的。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "title": "Robert W. Williams, Sr. v. Assistant District Attorney John R. Canavan, et al.", "url": "/documents/1246/Williams_v._Canavan_USA_15_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | AI misrepresented the jurisdiction and precedential weight of Doe v. Public Citizen, claiming it was a Third Circuit on-point decision when it is a Fourth Circuit case about access to judicial records. || False Quotes: Case Law | AI-aided motion cited Doe v. Public Citizen for a proposition about guardian ad litem appointment that the opinion does not contain; court found the quoted page/analysis unrelated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "老罗伯特·W·威廉姆斯 (Robert W. Williams) 诉助理地区检察官约翰·R·卡纳万 (John R. Canavan) 等人。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|大赦国际歪曲了美国能源部诉公众公民一案的管辖权和先例权重，声称这是第三巡回法院的正确裁决，而实际上这是关于获取司法记录的第四巡回法院案件。 ||虚假引述：判例法| AI 辅助动议引用了《Doe v. Public Citizen》关于诉讼监护人任命的提议，但该意见并未包含；法院认为所引用的页面/分析不相关。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Mullins v. Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit", "url": "/documents/1176/Mullins_v._DUQUESNE_UNIVERSITY_OF_the_Holy_Spirit_USA_5_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quote to Long v. SEPTA that does not appear in the Long opinion; court treated this as a phantom/erroneous quote identified by defense counsel. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Burlington Coat Factory as stating the futility standard is 'identical' to the Rule 12(b)(6) standard, whereas the Third Circuit used 'the same' — an inaccurate quotation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff inserted brackets in the Supreme Court quote 'freely give[n]' from Foman v. Davis though the brackets/alteration do not appear in the original quotation.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "马林斯诉杜肯圣灵大学", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Long v. SEPTA 的一段引述，但该引述并未出现在 Long 意见中；法院将此视为辩护律师认定的虚假/错误引述。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告援引 Burlington Coat Factory 的话说，无效标准与规则 12(b)(6) 标准“相同”，而第三巡回法院则使用“相同”——这是一个不准确的引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告在最高法院引用福曼诉戴维斯案中的“自由给予[n]”时插入了括号，尽管括号/修改并未出现在原始引文中。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Reply struck; Order to disclose AI use", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "United States v. Brian Boehm", "url": "/documents/1123/USA_v._Boehm_USA_3_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Cited United States v. Helena, 906 F.3d 288, 291 (3d Cir. 2018) to suggest only a court (not probation) may impose supervised-release conditions; Helena did not involve a probation officer imposing conditions and was mischaracterized. || False Quotes: Case Law | Quoted Albertson as stating probation officers 'lack authority' to expand judicial conditions; the phrase does not appear in the published opinion and the case was misapplied. || False Quotes: Case Law | Attributed statements to United States v. Miller, 594 F.3d 172 (3d Cir. 2010) about explicit imposition of monitoring costs; the court found those quotes and propositions false and Miller was misused.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国诉布莱恩·博姆", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|引用 United States v. Helena, 906 F.3d 288, 291 (3d Cir. 2018)，建议只有法院（而非缓刑）可以施加监督释放条件；海伦娜没有涉及缓刑官员施加条件，因此被错误地描述。 ||虚假引述：判例法|引用艾伯森的话说，缓刑官员“缺乏权力”来扩大司法条件；该短语并未出现在已发表的意见中，并且该案例被误用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|归因于 United States v. Miller, 594 F.3d 172 (3d Cir. 2010) 关于明确征收监控成本的声明；法院认为这些引述和主张是错误的，米勒被滥用了。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Ordered disclosure of AI use and affidavit certifying accuracy of citations for future filings", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-22", "title": "John Weaver v. Shasta Services", "url": "/documents/907/Weaver_v._Shasta_USA_22_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | One case citation in Plaintiff's original Brief in Opposition was identified by the Court as an AI-generated fabricated case citation; Plaintiff later refiled acknowledging the citation was defective. || Fabricated: Case Law | A second case citation in Plaintiff's original Brief in Opposition was identified by the Court as an AI-generated fabricated case citation; Plaintiff refiled with an exhibit noting the citation did not adequately address the issues.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "约翰·韦弗诉沙斯塔服务公司案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告最初的反对意见书中的一个案例引文被法院认定为人工智能生成的捏造案例引文；原告后来重新提交，承认传票有缺陷。 ||捏造：判例法|原告原始反对意见书中的第二个案例引文被法院认定为人工智能生成的捏造案例引文；原告重新提交了证据，指出传票没有充分解决这些问题。", "court": "W.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Lonnie Allbaugh v. University of Scranton", "url": "/documents/728/Allbaugh_v._Scranton_Uni_USA_28_August_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Quoted language allegedly from the cited case—\"We do not require a plaintiff to plead a prima facie case of discrimination to survive a motion to dismiss.\"—which does not appear in the actual case plaintiff said he meant || Fabricated: Case Law | Submitted a non-existent Third Circuit case as authority; opposing party and court could not locate the opinion and plaintiff later admitted the citation was AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "朗尼·奥尔博诉斯克兰顿大学案", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|据称引用的案例中的语言——“我们不需要原告对表面上存在歧视的案件进行辩护，才能在驳回动议中幸存下来。”——这并没有出现在实际案件中，原告说他的意思是||捏造：判例法|提交了一个不存在的第三巡回法院案件作为权威；对方和法院无法找到该意见，原告后来承认该引文是人工智能生成的。", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "Monetary sanction; complaint dismissed without prejudice; leave to amend granted.", "monetary_penalty": "1000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "title": "Victor Kholod v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "url": "/documents/701/VICTOR_KHOLOD_Plaintiff_v_NATIONSTAR_MORTGAGE_LLC_dba_MR_COOPER_-_WELLS_FAR.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | According to Kholod, “PA Partnership Inc. v. XYZ Corp, 2020” “involved the wrongful withdrawal of funds from one company's account by another, resulting in\ncompensation to the aggrieved party.” Doc 1-2 at 4. We have been unable to locate any possible case that might fit the description given for this case. Defendant Wells 5Fargo's brief in support stated that its search for this case was fruitless as well. Doc. 5 at 20. || Misrepresented: Case Law | 2. Per Kholod, in “Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein v. Wells Fargo Bank, 2018” “[t]he court held the company liable for failing to prevent unauthorized transactions.”Doc. 1-2 at 4. In its brief, Defendant Wells Fargo Bank points the court to Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein, P.C. v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., No. 3241 EDA 2016, 2018 WL 847756 (Pa. Super. Ct. Feb. 14, 2018). Doc. 5 at 20-21. This case, however, involved fraudulent endorsements on checks that had been withdrawn from a law firm's IOLTA accounts and business accounts. Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein, P.C., 2018 WL 847756, at *3. Neither the facts nor the legal analysis in this case supports Kholod's claim for relief. We were unable to find another case that fit the citation provided by Kholod. || Fabricated: Case Law | 3. Kholod also cites “Chasen v. Littman, 2019” in which, according to Kholod, “[t]he court considered the issue of unauthorized use of funds between companies.”Doc. 1-2 at 4. In its brief, Defendant Wells Fargo Bank provides the following as the proper citation\nfor this case: L. Offs. of Bruce J. Chasan, LLC v. Pierce Bainbridge Beck Price & Hecht, LLP, No. 2:18CV-05399-AB, 2019 WL 1957950 (E.D. Pa. May 2, 2019), aff'd, 792 F. App'x 195 (3d Cir. 2019). Doc. 5 at 21. This case does not support Kholod's claim for relief; it involved an attorney's attempt to recover a contingency fee from an out of state attorney. L. Offs. of Bruce J. Chasan, LLC, 2019 WL 1957950 at *1–2. We were unable to find another case that fit the ci", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Victor Kholod 诉 Nationstar Mortgage LLC", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|根据 Kholod 的说法，“PA Partnership Inc. 诉 XYZ Corp，2020”“涉及一家公司从另一家公司的账户中错误提取资金，导致\n对受害方进行赔偿。” Doc 1-2 at 4。我们无法找到任何可能符合该案例描述的案例。被告 Wells 5Fargo 的支持陈述称，其对本案的搜寻也没有结果。博士。 5 点 20 点。 ||歪曲事实：判例法| 2. Per Kholod，在“Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein v. Wells Fargo Bank，2018”一案中，“法院判定该公司因未能阻止未经授权的交易而承担责任。”Doc. 1-2 4。被告富国银行在其陈述中将法庭指向 Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein, P.C.诉 N.A. 富国银行，No. 3241 EDA 2016, 2018 WL 847756（宾夕法尼亚州超级县，2018 年 2 月 14 日）。博士。 5 日 20-21 日。然而，本案涉及从律师事务所 IOLTA 账户和企业账户提取的支票的欺诈性背书。 Levy Baldante Finney & Rubenstein, P.C.，2018 WL 847756，*3。本案的事实和法律分析均不支持霍洛德的救济主张。我们无法找到符合霍洛德提供的引文的另一个案例。 ||捏造：判例法| 3. Kholod 还引用了“Chasen v. Littman，2019”，据 Kholod 称，“法院考虑了公司之间未经授权使用资金的问题。”Doc. 1-2 at 4. 在其摘要中，被告富国银行提供了以下内容作为正确的引证\n对于本例：L. Offs。 Bruce J. Chasan, LLC 诉 Pierce Bainbridge Beck Price & Hecht, LLP，编号 2:18CV-05399-AB，2019 WL 1957950（宾夕法尼亚州东部地区法院，2019 年 5 月 2 日），aff'd, 792 F. App'x 195（3d Cir. 2019）。博士。 5 at 21. 本案不支持Kholod 的救济主张；该案涉及一名律师试图向州外律师收取风险代理费。 L.奥夫斯。 Bruce J. Chasan, LLC，2019 WL 1957950，*1–2。我们无法找到另一个适合 ci 的案例", "court": "M.D. Pennsylvania", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 19, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-VT", "title": "Vermont", "entries": [ { "date": "01 December 2022", "title": "Vermont Agency of Digital Services Report regarding Inventory of Artificial Intelligence Usage, pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 3305", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/assets/Legislative-Reports/Agency-of-Digital-Services-Report-on-AI-Inventory.pdf", "description": "Requires the Agency of Digital Services to maintain and annually review Vermont's AI inventory. Necessitates identification of problematic AI through bias testing and recommends varied remediation measures. Suggests focusing inventory on AI posing potential risks and monitoring outcomes.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州数字服务局根据 3 V.S.A. 发布关于人工智能使用清单的报告第3305章", "description_zh": "要求数字服务机构维护并每年审查佛蒙特州的人工智能清单。需要通过偏差测试来识别有问题的人工智能，并建议采取各种补救措施。建议重点关注人工智能带来的潜在风险和监控结果。" }, { "date": "17 June 2019", "title": "Vermont 2019 Act No.16, Section 20", "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2020/Docs/ACTS/ACT061/ACT061%20As%20Enacted.pdf", "description": "Require the Artificial Intelligence Task Force to submit an update by February 15, 2019, and a final report by January 15, 2020, to relevant Senate and House Committees. Allow up to 15 meetings, excluding public hearings. Cease existence by January 15, 2020.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州 2019 年第 16 号法案第 20 条", "description_zh": "要求人工智能工作组在 2019 年 2 月 15 日之前向相关参议院和众议院委员会提交更新，并在 2020 年 1 月 15 日之前向相关参议院和众议院委员会提交最终报告。最多允许举行 15 次会议，不包括公开听证会。于 2020 年 1 月 15 日之前停止存在。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Vermont HB 340", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Vermont+HB 340+AI+2026", "description": "Vermont legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州 HB 340", "description_zh": "佛蒙特州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Vermont HB 341", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Vermont+HB 341+AI+2026", "description": "Vermont legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州 HB 341", "description_zh": "佛蒙特州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Vermont HB 821", "url": "https://www.google.com/search?q=Vermont+HB 821+AI+2026", "description": "Vermont legislation addressing AI systems with obligations for deployers, developers, and distributors. This legislation has been signed into law.", "categories": [ "Generative AI", "Data Privacy & Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "佛蒙特州 HB 821", "description_zh": "佛蒙特州立法规定人工智能系统对部署者、开发者和分销商负有义务。该立法已签署成为法律。" } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-KS", "title": "Kansas", "entries": [ { "date": "31 July 2023", "title": "Kansas Policy and Procedures Memorandum 8200.00", "url": "https://www.governor.ks.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/405/638744386434630000", "description": "Outlines acceptable use of generative AI for Kansas's Executive Branch agencies. Requires human review of AI outputs for accuracy and prohibits reliance on AI for official statements. Bans input of Restricted Use Information and copyrighted material into AI.", "categories": [ "Financial Services", "Education", "Health & Life Sciences", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Defense & Military" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "堪萨斯州政策和程序备忘录 8200.00", "description_zh": "概述了堪萨斯州行政部门机构可接受的生成式人工智能使用方式。要求对人工智能输出的准确性进行人工审查，并禁止依赖人工智能来发表官方声明。禁止将限制使用信息和受版权保护的材料输入人工智能。" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Ford v. Sherwin-Williams", "url": "/documents/1907/Ford_v_Sherwin-Williams_USA_31_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to 'Clark v. City of Shawnee, Kansas, No. 21-2223-EFM, 2021 WL 4129476 (D. Kan. Sept. 9, 2021)', but the Westlaw number and case number pointed to unrelated authority; court concluded the citation/quotation was fictitious and likely AI-generated.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "福特诉宣威", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告将引文归咎于“Clark v. City of Shawnee, Kansas, No. 21-2223-EFM, 2021 WL 4129476 (D. Kan. Sept. 9, 2021)”，但 Westlaw 编号和案件编号指向不相关的权威机构；法院得出结论，引文/引用是虚构的，很可能是人工智能生成的。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "title": "Zesiger v. Kansas et al.", "url": "/documents/1772/Zesiger_USA_17_March_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs filed motions containing inaccurate or nonexistent case citations; Magistrate Judge Schwartz warned Plaintiffs about filing motions that contain inaccurate or nonexistent case citations. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs inaccurately represented Magistrate Judge Schwartz's prior order by stating she 'already acknowledged conflict risk by denying severance without prejudice,' which the court found to be an inaccurate statement of that order.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "泽西格诉堪萨斯等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告提出的动议包含不准确或不存在的案例引用；治安法官施瓦茨警告原告不要提出包含不准确或不存在的案例引用的动议。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告不准确地表述了治安法官施瓦茨之前的命令，称她“已经在不带偏见的情况下拒绝遣散费，从而承认了冲突风险”，法院认为这是对该命令的不准确陈述。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "title": "Roosevelt Hunt, Jr. v. True Sky Federal Credit Union", "url": "/documents/1583/Hunt_v._True_Sky_USA_25_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff cited 'Howard v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 2019 WL 1401348 (D. Kan. Mar. 28, 2019)', which the court found does not exist in Westlaw and for which no case number was provided.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "小罗斯福亨特诉 True Sky 联邦信用合作社", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告引用了“Howard v. CitiMortgage, Inc., 2019 WL 1401348 (D. Kan. Mar. 28, 2019)”，法院认为 Westlaw 中不存在该案，并且没有提供案件编号。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "title": "Kennon v. Ashley", "url": "/documents/1557/Kennon_v._Ashley_USA_18_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | A block-quoted colloquy attributed to Ashley (including 'what he said, not what he did' and 'It was the language') is quoted as from Doc.55-1 at 33:2-11 but the court found those phrases do not appear at that location or elsewhere in the deposition. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff quotes exchanges purportedly showing Ashley answered 'No, not that I recall,' 'There was no contact,' and 'not threatening'; court found those quoted answers do not appear in the cited portions of Ashley's deposition (Doc.55-1 at 107:13-15,108:2-6,109:1-4). || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff attributes to Spencer a block quote denying any threatening behavior after watching bodycam ('No. I didn't.' / 'He didn't do that'); court found those phrases and the quoted exchange do not appear at Doc.55-2 80:4-6,81:1-3. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff quotes Ashley as saying he concluded disorderly conduct 'after reviewing the video footage' (Doc.55-1 at 151:4-9); court found the deposition does not contain 'footage' or the asserted colloquy at the cited location. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff attributes to Ashley a short exchange ('No.' / 'So why did you arrest him?' / 'He said, \"Take me to jail.\" I said, \"Okay.\"') citing Doc.55-1 at 116:12-17; court found the quoted exchange as presented does not exist and omits surrounding context that contradicts the representation. || False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff quotes a long passage allegedly from Doc.55-1 at 161:22-162:16; the court found the precise quoted passage does not exist at that citation. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Plaintiff's brief quotes Ashley as admitting the arrest was based solely on 'language' and that there were 'no threatening gestures or movements'; court found the quoted phrase does not appear at Doc.55-1 33:7-11 or elsewhere in the deposition. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Brief", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯农诉阿什利", "description_zh": "虚假报价：展品和提交内容 | Doc.55-1 的 33:2-11 引用了阿什利的一段被引用的对话（包括“他说了什么，而不是他做了什么”和“这是语言”），但法院发现这些短语没有出现在该位置或证词中的其他地方。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告引用了据称显示阿什利回答“不，我不记得”、“没有联系”和“没有威胁”的对话；法院发现这些引用的答案并未出现在 Ashley 证词的引用部分中（Doc.55-1 的 107:13-15,108:2-6,109:1-4）。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告将斯宾塞的一段话归咎于斯宾塞在观看随身摄像机后否认有任何威胁行为（“不，我没有。”/“他没有那样做”）；法院认为这些短语和引用的对话并未出现在 Doc.55-2 80:4-6,81:1-3 中。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告引用阿什利的话说，他“在查看视频片段后”得出了扰乱治安行为的结论（Doc.55-1，第 151:4-9）；法院认为证词不包含“录像”或所称地点的谈话内容。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告将阿什利归因于简短的交流（“不。”/“那么你为什么逮捕他？”/“他说，“带我去监狱。”我说，“好吧。”）引用了 Doc.55-1 的 116:12-17；法院认为所引用的交流内容并不存在，并忽略了与陈述相矛盾的周围背景。 ||虚假报价：展品和提交内容 |原告在 161:22-162:16 处引用了据称来自 Doc.55-1 的一段长文；法院认为该传票中不存在确切引用的段落。 ||制作：展览和提交|原告的简短陈述援引阿什利的话说，他承认逮捕完全是基于“语言”，并且“没有威胁性的手势或动作”；法院发现所引用的短语并未出现在 Doc.55-1 33:7-11 或证词的其他地方。 ||制作：展览和提交|简短的", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Landmark Development Group, LLC v. Lonnie LuPardus", "url": "/documents/1525/Landmark_v._Lupardus_USA_13_February_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Meadors v. Feltor\" for the same proposition; the court determined no Kansas report exists under that name and did not accept the authority. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Edwards v. Scholtzs\" to support that eviction terminated lease obligations; the court found no such Kansas authority and rejected the argument. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited \"Wilson v. Gutschenritter\" to argue lease obligations ceased after eviction; the court found no such Kansas caselaw and declined to rely on it.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Landmark Development Group, LLC 诉 Lonnie LuPardus", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人针对同一主张引用了“Meadors v. Feltor”案；法院认定堪萨斯州不存在该名称下的报告，因此不接受该授权。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人援引“Edwards v. Scholtzs”来支持驱逐终止租赁义务；法院认为堪萨斯州不存在这样的权威，并驳回了这一论点。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用“Wilson v. Gutschenritter”来论证驱逐后租赁义务终止；法院没有发现堪萨斯州的此类判例法，因此拒绝依赖它。", "court": "CA Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Arguments deemed waived", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "Lexos Media IP, LLC v. Overstock.com, Inc.", "url": "/documents/1438/Lexos_v._Overstock_USA_2_February_2026.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Court determined Lexos attributed language to Baldwin Graphic Systems that does not appear in that opinion (quotation fabricated). || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found an explanatory parenthetical quoted from AstraZeneca did not exist in that opinion (quotation fabricated). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found citation to AVM Techs. LLC v. Intel Corp. was incorrect (wrong reporter/reference) and that the cited authority does not support the proposition asserted. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found Lexos misattributed a quotation to Rodriguez-Felix that actually appears in Daubert and noted Rodriguez-Felix does not contain the quoted language. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found Lexos quoted Microsoft (i4i v. Microsoft) in support of a point about incomplete claim constructions, but the quoted language does not exist in that opinion. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found Lexos attributed specific language and holdings to Cordis that do not appear in Cordis and noted the patents discussed did not contain the quoted language (misquotation/nonexistent quotation). || Misrepresented: Case Law | Court found several page-specific citations (e.g., Flexuspine, cited at 879 F.3d 1369, 1375) did not support the proposition asserted and the cited page lacked the discussed admissibility analysis (misrepresented authority). || Fabricated: Case Law | Court found a cited decision 'Hockett v. City of Topeka, No. 19-4037-DDC, 2020 WL 6796766, at *3' does not exist; quotation and parenthetical attributed to it are fabricated. || False Quotes: Case Law | Court found the quoted parenthetical attributed to Liquid Dynamics is not in the opinion (quotation fabricated).", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Lexos Media IP, LLC 诉 Overstock.com, Inc.", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|法院认定 Lexos 归咎于 Baldwin Graphic Systems 的语言并未出现在该意见中（引文捏造）。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现该意见中不存在引用阿斯利康的解释性括号（引用捏造）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现对 AVM Techs 的引用。 LLC 诉英特尔公司的案件不正确（错误的报告者/参考文献），并且引用的权威机构不支持所主张的主张。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现 Lexos 错误地引用了《Daubert》中实际出现的 Rodriguez-Felix 的引文，并指出 Rodriguez-Felix 并不包含引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现 Lexos 引用了 Microsoft（i4i 诉 Microsoft）来支持有关不完整权利要求结构的观点，但该意见中并不存在引用的语言。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院发现 Lexos 将 Cordis 中未出现的特定语言和财产归于 Cordis，并指出所讨论的专利不包含引用的语言（错误引用/不存在的引用）。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|法院发现几个特定页面的引用（例如，Flexuspine，在 879 F.3d 1369, 1375 引用）不支持所主张的主张，并且引用的页面缺乏讨论的可受理性分析（歪曲权威）。 ||捏造：判例法|法院发现所引用的判决“Hockett v. City of Topeka，No. 19-4037-DDC，2020 WL 6796766，at *3”不存在；其引用和附加说明均属捏造。 ||虚假引述：判例法|法院认为所引用的归因于 Liquid Dynamics 的括号并不在意见中（引用是捏造的）。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "ChatGPT", "outcome": "Brief struck, monetary sanction, firm compliance", "monetary_penalty": "12000 USD", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Robby Mendez v. City of Topeka, et al.", "url": "/documents/1366/Mendez_v_bZTuKjG._Topeka_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Fabricated reference to Smith v. West Lake Enterprises, 374 F. Supp. 2d 1094 (D. Kan. 2005)", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "罗比·门德斯诉托皮卡市等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|对 Smith v. West Lake Enterprises, 374 F. Supp. 的捏造参考。 2d 1094（D. Kan. 2005）", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "title": "Riverchase v. Paula Goldwyn", "url": "/documents/1364/Riverchase_LLC_v_Paula_Goldwyn_USA_16_January_2026.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'John Arthur Boyd v. Charles Ball, No. 108,817 (Kan. Sup. Ct. 2014),' which the opinion states does not exist and treats as a fabricated citation. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited 'State v. White, No. 108,817 (Kan. Ct. App. 2014)' using the same docket number as the fabricated Ball citation; court flagged the mismatch and nonexistence/relevance. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant listed 'Smith v. Kansas Department of Revenue, No. 119,429 (Kan. Ct. App. 2018),' which the opinion indicates appears not to exist with that docket and is a fabricated or incorrect citation. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Wiles v. American Family Insurance Co., 302 Kan. ___, 355 P.3d 667 (2015)' and described it as reversing a default; court explained the citation is incorrect/mischaracterized and actually corresponds to a different opinion (Mashaney). || Outdated Advice: Overturned Case Law | Appellant relied on a Court of Appeals version of Garcia v. Ball (50 Kan. App. 2d 197, 323 P.3d 872 (2014)); court noted that citation was overruled by the Kansas Supreme Court and thus is outdated/overturned authority. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Appellant cited 'Mashaney v. Board of Indigents’ Defense Services, 302 Kan. 625, 355 P.3d 667 (2015)' but mischaracterized its holding as reversing a default judgment; court explained Mashaney involved malpractice/judgment on the pleadings, not a default reversal.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Riverchase 诉 Paula Goldwyn", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“John Arthur Boyd v. Charles Ball，No. 108,817 (Kan. Sup. Ct. 2014)”，该意见指出该内容不存在，并被视为捏造的引文。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人引用了“State v. White，No. 108,817 (Kan. Ct. App. 2014)”，使用与捏造的 Ball 引文相同的案卷编号；法院标记了不匹配和不存在/相关性。 ||捏造：判例法|上诉人列出了“史密斯诉堪萨斯州税务局，第 119,429 号（Kan. Ct. App. 2018）”，该意见表明该意见似乎不存在于该案卷中，并且是捏造或不正确的引文。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人援引“Wiles v. American Family Insurance Co., 302 Kan. ___, 355 P.3d 667 (2015)”并将其描述为逆转违约；法院解释说，该引文是不正确/错误描述的，实际上对应于不同的观点（马沙尼）。 ||过时的建议：推翻判例法|上诉人依赖上诉法院版本的 Garcia v. Ball (50 Kan. App. 2d 197, 323 P.3d 872 (2014))；法院指出，引证已被堪萨斯州最高法院驳回，因此权威已经过时/被推翻。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|上诉人引用了“Mashaney v. Board of Indigents’ Defense Services, 302 Kan. 625, 355 P.3d 667 (2015)”，但将其判决错误地描述为推翻缺席判决；法院解释说，马沙尼涉及对诉状的不当行为/判决，而不是默认撤销。", "court": "CA Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "title": "Sammie Dwayne McPhaul v. College Hills OPCO", "url": "/documents/1269/McPhaul_v._College_Hills_USA_6_December_2025.pdf", "description": "False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted a passage attributed to Cory v. Troth that does not appear in that opinion; court identified the quotation as inaccurate. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a quotation to Mason v. Gerin Corp. that is not found in the opinion; court flagged it as inaccurate. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Fanning v. Sitton Motor Lines as containing language about showing 'some cognitive awareness' that the opinion does not contain; court noted the misquotation. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff attributed a phrase about 'even the movement of the toes or legs of the decedent' to Cochrane v. Schneider Nat’l that does not exist in that opinion; court flagged it. || False Quotes: Case Law | Plaintiff quoted Lemmons v. Board of County Comm’rs for a relation-back principle quotation that is absent from that decision; court identified the inaccuracy. || Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiff cited Pape v. Kansas Power & Light Co. with an incorrect citation number; court noted the citation was not correct.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Sammie Dwayne McPhaul 诉 College Hills OPCO", "description_zh": "虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了科里诉特罗斯案中的一段话，该段话并未出现在该意见中；法院认定该报价不准确。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了 Mason v. Gerin Corp. 的引文，但意见中没有找到该引文；法院将其标记为不准确。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用 Fanning v. Sitton Motor Lines 案中包含的有关显示“某种认知意识”的语言，而该意见中并未包含此类语言；法院注意到了错误引用。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告将 Cochrane v. Schneider Nat’l 案中关于“甚至死者脚趾或腿部的运动”的短语归因于该意见中不存在的短语；法院对此进行了标记。 ||虚假引述：判例法|原告引用了莱蒙斯诉县委员会案作为关系回溯原则的引述，但该判决中没有提及；法院认定该信息不准确。 ||歪曲事实：判例法|原告援引 Pape 诉堪萨斯电力与照明公司 (Pape v. Kansas Power & Light Co.) 的案件，其引证编号不正确；法院指出该引文不正确。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Order to Show Cause", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "McLain v. Board of County Commissioners of Sedgwick County, Kansas, et al.", "url": "/documents/1168/McLain_v_Sedgwick_County_Sheriffs_Office_USA_11_December_2025.pdf", "description": "Misrepresented: Case Law | Plaintiffs cited a case that the court found had 'no bearing on the proposition' for which it was cited, treated as a misapplied/misrepresented authority likely produced by AI. || Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiffs' application for entry of default contained at least one nonexistent (phantom) case citation; the court identified it as fabricated and warned plaintiffs to validate AI-generated content.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "麦克莱恩诉堪萨斯州塞奇威克县县专员委员会等。", "description_zh": "歪曲事实：判例法|原告引用了一个案例，法院认为该案例“与其引用的命题无关”，被视为可能由人工智能产生的误用/歪曲权威。 ||捏造：判例法|原告的违约申请包含至少一项不存在的（虚拟）案例引用；法院认定该内容是捏造的，并警告原告验证人工智能生成的内容。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-11-04", "title": "Borsody v. Frontier Heritage Communities", "url": "/documents/996/Borsody_v_Frontier_Heritage_Communities_USA_4_November_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Plaintiff's response cited 'Alford v. City of Canon City, 2019 WL 13202842, at *3 (D. Colo. Mar. 29, 2019),' which neither the Court nor defense counsel could locate; Court treated it as a non-existent citation and admonished plaintiff to verify AI-generated citations.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Borsody 诉前沿遗产社区", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|原告的答复引用了“Alford v. City of Canon City, 2019 WL 13202842, at *3 (D. Colo. Mar. 29, 2019)”，法院和辩护律师都无法找到该内容；法院将其视为不存在的引文，并告诫原告核实人工智能生成的引文。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "title": "Douglas Stuart Queen v. Kansas City et al.", "url": "/documents/856/Queen_v._Kansas_City_et_al._USA_7_October_2025.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Case Law | Cases cited without concern to their accuracy", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "道格拉斯·斯图尔特·奎恩诉堪萨斯城等人。", "description_zh": "捏造：判例法|引用案例时不考虑其准确性", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Pro Se Litigant", "ai_tool": "Implied", "outcome": "Warning", "professional_sanction": "No" }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "Berry v. Stewart", "url": "/documents/465/Berry_v._Stewart_D._Kansas_14_November_2024.pdf", "description": "Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Defendant's briefing quoted a forum-selection clause that does not appear in the parties' contract or any filed papers; the actual clause is at Doc. 11-1 ¶ 12. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendant cited a non-existent case, Hogan v. Allstate Insurance Co.; Westlaw citation returns no case, no CM/ECF case exists, docket format is invalid for D. Kan., and no judge with initials JPM sits in the district.", "categories": [ "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings" ], "document_type": "court_case", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "贝里诉斯图尔特案", "description_zh": "制作：展览和提交|被告的简报引用了法庭选择条款，该条款未出现在双方合同或任何提交的文件中；实际的条款在文档中。 11-1 ¶ 12. ||捏造：判例法|被告引用了一个不存在的案例，Hogan v. Allstate Insurance Co.； Westlaw 引文没有返回任何案件，不存在 CM/ECF 案件，D. Kan. 的案卷格式无效，并且该地区没有姓名缩写为 JPM 的法官。", "court": "D. Kansas", "party": "Lawyer", "ai_tool": "Unidentified", "outcome": "At hearing, Counsel pledged to reimburse other side and his client", "professional_sanction": "No" } ], "entry_count": 14, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "AS", "title": "American Samoa", "entries": [ { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "44 US State Attorneys General and Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands, and American Samoa Attorneys General investigation into technology companies concerning their responsibility to prevent the spread of non-consensual intimate imagery", "url": "https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-companies-commit-action-limiting-nonconsensual-deepfake", "description": "On 26 August 2025, 44 United States Attorneys General and Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa Attorneys General issued two letters to technology companies noting their responsibility to prevent the spread of non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII). In one letter addressed to major search engine companies, they outline that while search platforms limit other harmful content, searches for terms such as \"deepfake porn\" currently return direct links to creation tools and content withou...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "44 美国各州总检察长以及波多黎各、美属维尔京群岛和美属萨摩亚总检察长就科技公司防止未经同意的亲密图像传播的责任展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 26 日，44 位美国总检察长以及波多黎各、维尔京群岛和美属萨摩亚总检察长向科技公司发出了两封信，指出他们有责任防止未经同意的亲密图像 (NCII) 的传播。在一封写给主要搜索引擎公司的信中，他们概述了虽然搜索平台限制其他有害内容，但搜索“深假色情”等术语目前会返回指向创作工具和内容的直接链接，而无需..." }, { "date": "12 September 2025", "title": "Attorneys General letter to artificial intelligence companies regarding sycophantic and delusional generative artificial intelligence outputs", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/letters/ai-multistate-letter-letters-2025.pdf", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Attorneys General of 42 US states sent a letter to 13 artificial intelligence companies, namely Anthropic, Apple, Chai AI, Character Technologies, Google, Luka, Meta, Microsoft, Nomi AI, OpenAI, Perplexity AI, Replika, and xAI, regarding sycophantic and delusional generative artificial intelligence outputs. The letter addresses generative AI output that encourages user delusions or misleads users into thinking that they are communicating with a live human being, noting...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "总检察长致人工智能公司关于阿谀奉承和妄想的生成人工智能输出的信", "description_zh": "2025 年 12 月 9 日，美国 42 个州的总检察长向 Anthropic、Apple、Chai AI、Character Technologies、Google、Luka、Meta、微软、Nomi AI、OpenAI、Perplexity AI、Replika 和 xAI 等 13 家人工智能公司发出了一封信函，涉及阿谀奉承和妄想的生成式人工智能输出。这封信涉及生成式人工智能输出，这些输出鼓励用户产生错觉或误导用户认为他们正在与活人交流，并指出……" }, { "date": "23 January 2026", "title": "35 State Attorneys General letter to xAI regarding nonconsensual intimate images produced by Grok", "url": "https://ag.ny.gov/sites/default/files/letters/multistate-letter-to-xai-letters-2026.pdf", "description": "On 23 January 2026, 35 state attorneys general, including the Attorney General of New York, sent a letter to xAI regarding the production of artificial intelligence-produced nonconsensual intimate images (NCII) by the Grok chatbot. The declaration highlights concerns regarding the creation of NII by users of X platforms, acknowledges xAI's steps to prevent such production, and requests that xAI inform them of their plans to take further steps. Specifically, the attorneys general requested inf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "35 州总检察长致 xAI 的信函涉及 Grok 制作的未经同意的亲密图像", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 23 日，包括纽约州总检察长在内的 35 名州总检察长致函 xAI，涉及 Grok 聊天机器人制作人工智能生成的非自愿亲密图像 (NCII)。该声明强调了对 X 平台用户创建 NII 的担忧，承认 xAI 为防止此类生成而采取的措施，并要求 xAI 告知他们采取进一步措施的计划。具体来说，总检察长要求信息..." }, { "title": "ASEAN AI Governance Framework and Guide", "url": "https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2025-13-what", "description": "ASEAN is building AI governance using a soft-law framework supported by baseline hard laws (data protection, cybersecurity). The 3rd Regional Policy Convening of AI Ready ASEAN was held in Manila on February 9, 2026, launching the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework agreement.", "categories": [ "ASEAN", "Regional Framework", "Soft Law" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "东盟人工智能治理框架和指南", "description_zh": "东盟正在使用由基准硬法（数据保护、网络安全）支持的软法框架来建立人工智能治理。 2026年2月9日，第三届AI Ready东盟区域政策会议在马尼拉举行，启动东盟数字经济框架协议。" } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "016" }, { "id": "BG", "title": "Bulgaria", "entries": [ { "date": "18 December 2024", "title": "Commission for Personal Data Protection recommendations to personal data controllers on outsourcing personal data processing", "url": "https://cpdp.bg/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%80%d1%8a%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%8a%d0%bc-%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bb%d0%b8/", "description": "On 18 December 2024, the Commission for Personal Data Protection (CPDP) adopted recommendations for personal data controllers regarding the outsourcing of the processing of personal data. These recommendations, based on the European Data Protection Board's Guidelines 07/2020, aim to ensure compliance with Article 28 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The guidelines emphasise the need for controllers to assess risks, define access limits, clarify responsibilities, and evaluate p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护委员会向个人数据控制者提出关于外包个人数据处理的建议", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 18 日，个人数据保护委员会 (CPDP) 通过了针对个人数据控制者关于外包个人数据处理的建议。这些建议基于欧洲数据保护委员会指南 07/2020，旨在确保遵守《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 28 条。该指南强调控制者需要评估风险、定义访问限制、明确责任并评估..." }, { "title": "Concept for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Bulgaria until 2030 (National AI Strategy)", "url": "https://www.mtitc.government.bg/sites/default/files/conceptforthedevelopmentofaiinbulgariauntil2030.pdf", "description": "AI law in Bulgaria: The Concept for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Bulgaria until 2030 is a national strategic framework adopted by the Government in December 2020 that sets Bulgaria’s priorities for AI development across infrastructure, research, skills, data, innovation and trust. It establishes a cross‑sectoral, EU‑aligned approach to build capacity, unlock data, foster research and ensure an ethical and regulatory environment for trustworthy AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "保加利亚到2030年人工智能发展构想（国家人工智能战略）", "description_zh": "保加利亚的人工智能法：保加利亚到 2030 年人工智能发展的概念是政府于 2020 年 12 月通过的国家战略框架，规定了保加利亚在基础设施、研究、技能、数据、创新和信任方面人工智能发展的优先事项。它建立了一种跨部门、与欧盟一致的方法来建设能力、解锁数据、促进研究并确保为值得信赖的人工智能提供道德和监管环境……" }, { "title": "Draft AI Act presented by political party 'Da, Bulgaria' (project bill for an AI law)", "url": "https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d79f3e5d-41bc-11f0-b9f2-01aa75ed71a1/language-en", "description": "AI law in Bulgaria: A draft national law on artificial intelligence prepared and presented by the Da, Bulgaria party (authors: Bozhidar Bozhanov, Elisaveta Belobradova, Aleksandar Simidchiev). The bill aims to implement and complement the EU AI Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689), establish national coordination and governance structures, promote investment and skills, and regulate risk-based uses of AI in the public and private sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保加利亚 Da 政党提出的人工智能法案草案（人工智能法项目法案）", "description_zh": "保加利亚人工智能法：由保加利亚 Da 党起草和提交的国家人工智能法草案（作者：Bozhidar Bozhanov、Elisaveta Belobradova、Aleksandar Simidchiev）。该法案旨在实施和补充欧盟人工智能法规（法规（EU）2024/1689），建立国家协调和治理结构，促进投资和技能，并规范公共和私营部门基于风险的人工智能使用......" }, { "title": "Draft Strategy for the Development and Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Bulgarian Education", "url": "https://www.gov.bg/special/bg/prestsentar/novini/pravitelstvoto-prie-kontseptsiya-za-razvitieto-na-izkustveniya-intelekt-v-balgariya-do-2030-g", "description": "AI law in Bulgaria: A proposed national strategy to guide the safe, equitable and effective development and integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across Bulgarian education (pre‑primary, primary, secondary, vocational and higher education). The draft focuses on governance, teacher training, curricula updates, safe technical deployments, data protection for minors, pilot projects with national research partners and alignment with EU AI policy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保加利亚教育中人工智能的发展和整合战略草案", "description_zh": "保加利亚人工智能法：拟议的国家战略，旨在指导保加利亚教育（学前教育、小学、中学、职业和高等教育）中人工智能（AI）的安全、公平和有效的发展和整合。该草案重点关注治理、教师培训、课程更新、安全技术部署、未成年人数据保护、与国家研究合作伙伴的试点项目以及与欧盟人工智能政策的一致性......" }, { "title": "Digital Transformation of Bulgaria for the period 2020–2030 (National strategic document)", "url": "https://www.mtc.government.bg/en/category/283/national-strategic-document-digital-transformation-bulgaria-period-2020-2030-0", "description": "AI law in Bulgaria: The National Strategic Document "Digital Transformation of Bulgaria for the period 2020–2030" (adopted by Council of Ministers Decision No. 493 of 21 July 2020) sets a cross-sectoral policy framework to guide Bulgaria's digital transition through 2030, defining six strategic objectives and 17 impact areas. It frames actions on infrastructure, skills, research, data, green digitalisation and public administration efficiency and serves as an umbrella for national programmes such as Digital Bulgaria 2025 and links to Bulgaria 2030 priorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2020-2030 年保加利亚数字化转型（国家战略文件）", "description_zh": "保加利亚的人工智能法：国家战略文件“2020-2030 年保加利亚数字化转型” （由部长理事会 2020 年 7 月 21 日第 493 号决定通过）制定了指导保加利亚到 2030 年数字化转型的跨部门政策框架，确定了六大战略目标和 17 个影响领域。它制定了基础设施、技能、研究、数据、绿色数字化和公共管理效率方面的行动，并作为数字保加利亚 2025 等国家计划的保护伞，并与保加利亚 2030 年优先事项联系起来……" } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "100" }, { "id": "GR", "title": "Greece", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-01-13", "title": "Data Protection Authority Investigation into Intellexa regarding Data Protection breaches", "url": "https://dpa.gr/el/enimerwtiko/prakseisArxis/epiboli-prostimoy-stin-etaireia-intellexa-gia-mi-synergasia-me-tin-arhi", "description": "On 13 January 2022, the Greek Data Protection Authority issued a ruling regarding its investigation into Intellexa SA, an intelligence system provider. Intellexa is found to have used tracking software on users' devices to surveil them purposely without their knowledge. Additionally, the data collected was processed for Intellexa's own uses. Finally, during the investigation, Intellexa did not reply promptly to the authority's questions nor did it provide satisfactory answers. As a result, In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-01-17", "title": "Law on National Cybersecurity Authority and other provisions", "url": "https://mindigital.gr/archives/5738", "description": "On 17 January 2024, the public consultation on the Ministry of Digital Governance's Draft Law on National Cybersecurity Authority and other provisions, ended. The purpose of this legislation is to establish the National Cyber Security Authority, tasked with coordinating and implementing the National Strategy for Cybersecurity. Its goal is to effectively prevent and manage cyberattacks in Greece, enhancing the security of network and information systems in both public and private sectors. This...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-04", "title": "Law implementing Digital Services Act in Greece (Law 5099/2024) designating competent authorities and digital services coordinator", "url": "https://www.nomotelia.gr/photos/File/48a-24.pdf", "description": "On 5 April 2024, Law No. 5099/2024 on taking measures for the implementation of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act) enters into force in Greece following its publication in the Government Gazette. The provisions of the Law are applicable to providers of intermediary services operating within the jurisdiction of Greece, and it establishes the national framework for the supervision and enforcement of the Digital Services Act. The Law operationalises the designation of the Hellenic ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 November 2022", "title": "Bill on communications deprivation procedure, cybersecurity and protection of citizens' personal data", "url": "https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Nomothetiko-Ergo/Anazitisi-Nomothetikou-Ergou?law_id=3715dd48-9b39-4532-9b0e-af5c014ff48e", "description": "On 29 November 2022, the Bill on communications deprivation procedure, cybersecurity and protection of citizens' personal data was introduced in the Greek Parliament. If passed, Greece's legal framework will be strengthened to penalise surveillance software and devices, and the use of such software will be upgraded to a felony. Prohibited software and monitoring devices would have to be recorded in a special publicly accessible and regularly updated list. A new, stronger cybersecurity protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于通信剥夺程序、网络安全和公民个人数据保护的法案", "description_zh": "2022 年 11 月 29 日，希腊议会提交了关于通信剥夺程序、网络安全和公民个人数据保护的法案。如果通过，希腊的法律框架将得到加强，以惩罚监控软件和设备，使用此类软件将升级为重罪。禁用的软件和监控设备必须记录在一个特殊的可公开访问且定期更新的列表中。一个新的、更强大的网络安全保护..." }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital Governance List of National Authorities Responsible for Ensuring Compliance with the EU's AI Act", "url": "https://mindigital.gr/archives/6901", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Greek Ministry of Digital Governance announced the publication of a list of national authorities tasked with overseeing compliance with the EU's Artificial Intelligence Regulation (AI Act), specifically aimed at protecting citizens' fundamental rights in the use of high-risk AI systems. The designated authorities, including The Hellenic Data Protection Authority, The Ombudsman, The Hellenic Authority for Communication Security and Privacy, and The National Commission ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "数字治理部负责确保遵守欧盟人工智能法案的国家机构名单", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 12 日，希腊数字治理部宣布公布一份负责监督欧盟人工智能法规（AI 法案）遵守情况的国家机构名单，特别旨在保护公民在使用高风险人工智能系统时的基本权利。指定机构，包括希腊数据保护局、监察员、希腊通信安全和隐私局以及国家委员会......" }, { "date": "29 May 2025", "title": "Hellenic Data Protection Authority source on DeepSeek and data-protection oversight", "url": "https://www.dpa.gr/el/enimerwtiko/deltia/orismos-ekprosopoy-tis-deepseek-stin-ee", "description": "Official source record dated 29 May 2025 for Greece concerning Hellenic Data Protection Authority investigation into DeepSeek Artificial Intelligence application over legality under GDPR. See the linked dpa.gr source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "希腊数据保护局对 DeepSeek 人工智能应用程序在 GDPR 下的合法性进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 29 日，希腊数据保护局 (HDPA) 结束了对 DeepSeek 人工智能应用程序的调查，此前杭州 DeepSeek 人工智能有限公司于 2025 年 5 月 28 日通知希腊数据保护局，根据《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR) 第 27 条，已任命总部位于维也纳的 Prighter EU Rep GmbH 作为其驻欧盟代表。这项任命是在第 18/2025 号临时裁决之后做出的，HDPA 在该裁决中发现..." }, { "title": "Greece - EU AI Act Implementation", "url": "https://www.accuratelegalbilling.com/articles/ai-regulations-to-watch-in-2026", "description": "Greece is implementing the EU AI Act as part of its national framework. The EU AI Act is the primary driver of AI regulation in Greece for 2026.", "categories": [ "National Implementation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "希腊 - 欧盟人工智能法案实施", "description_zh": "希腊正在实施欧盟人工智能法案，作为其国家框架的一部分。欧盟人工智能法案是希腊 2026 年人工智能监管的主要驱动力。" }, { "title": "A Blueprint for Greece's AI Transformation (High-Level Advisory Committee on AI report / foundational national AI strategy blueprint)", "url": "https://foresight.gov.gr/en/studies/A-Blueprint-for-Greece-s-AI-Transformation/", "description": "AI law in Greece: A Blueprint for Greece’s AI Transformation is a national strategy proposal published by the Prime Minister’s High-Level Advisory Committee on Artificial Intelligence and coordinated by the Special Secretariat of Foresight. Published 25 November 2024, the Blueprint sets guiding values, institutional design options, six flagship programs and cross-cutting measures to accelerate responsible AI adoption across public administration, education, research and industry in Greece....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "希腊人工智能转型蓝图（人工智能高级咨询委员会报告/国家人工智能基础战略蓝图）", "description_zh": "《希腊人工智能法：希腊人工智能转型蓝图》是由总理人工智能高级别咨询委员会发布并由 Foresight 特别秘书处协调的国家战略提案。该蓝图于 2024 年 11 月 25 日发布，制定了指导价值观、机构设计选项、六项旗舰计划和跨领域措施，以加速希腊公共管理、教育、研究和工业领域负责任的人工智能采用……" }, { "title": "Law 4961/2022: Emerging information and communication technologies, strengthening digital governance and other provisions", "url": "https://cyber.gov.gr/nomothesia/elliniki-nomothesia-gia-tin-kyvernoasfaleia/", "description": "AI law in Greece: Law 4961/2022 (published in FEK A' 146 on 27 July 2022) establishes a horizontal national framework in Greece for emerging information and communication technologies (AI, IoT, DLT/blockchain, 3D printing, UAV postal uses, smart contracts), strengthens digital governance and public‑sector digital processes, and adds sectoral obligations for cybersecurity, transparency, documentation and liability. It creates institutional bodies and registries, requires impact assessments and documentation, and sets enforcement and surveillance powers for national authorities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 4961/2022 号法律：新兴信息和通信技术、加强数字治理和其他规定", "description_zh": "希腊人工智能法：第 4961/2022 号法律（2022 年 7 月 27 日在 FEK A' 146 上发布）为希腊新兴信息和通信技术（人工智能、物联网、DLT/区块链、3D 打印、无人机邮政用途、智能合约）建立了横向国家框架，加强了数字治理和公共部门数字流程，并增加了网络安全、透明度、文档和责任方面的部门义务。它创建了机构和登记册，要求进行影响评估和记录，并为国家当局设定了执行和监督权力……" }, { "title": "Law 5039/2023: Omnibus measures (includes amendments affecting Law 4961/2022 and transparency provisions)", "url": "https://www.e-efka.gov.gr/el/egkyklioi-kai-genika-eggrapha/egkyklios-34-02062023", "description": "AI law in Greece: Law 5039/2023 is an omnibus Act published in the Government Gazette (ΦΕΚ Α' 83/03.04.2023) that combines urgent support measures for victims and relatives of the Tempi rail disaster, transport-safety reforms, tourism and development measures, administrative and fiscal dispositions, and targeted amendments to existing legislation including an amendment to Article 84 of Law 4961/2022 on access and governance of the Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS). It also contains provisions enhancing institutional oversight, transparency-related consumer measures and administrative implementation requirements....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 5039/2023 号法律：综合措施（包括影响第 4961/2022 号法律的修正案和透明度条款）", "description_zh": "希腊人工智能法：第 5039/2023 号法律是在政府公报 (ΦΕΚ A' 83/03.04.2023) 上发布的一项综合法案，结合了对坦皮铁路灾难受害者和亲属的紧急支持措施、运输安全改革、旅游和发展措施、行政和财政处置以及对现有立法的有针对性的修订，包括对法律第 84 条的修订关于伽利略公共监管服务 (PRS) 的访问和治理的第 4961/2022 号法律。它还包含加强机构监督、与透明度相关的消费者措施和行政实施要求的条款……" }, { "title": "Digital Transformation Bible 2020-2025 (National digital strategy / National Data Strategy elements)", "url": "https://digitalstrategy.gov.gr/website/static/website/assets/uploads/digital_strategy.pdf", "description": "AI law in Greece: The Digital Transformation Bible 2020–2025 is Greece’s national digital strategy approved by ministerial decision and published in the Government Gazette (ΦΕΚ 2894/Β/05-07-2021). It sets a five-year national plan of principles, governance arrangements, strategic axes, over 400 projects and operational measures covering public digital services, base registries, interoperability, open data, cybersecurity, data governance and advanced technologies (AI, blockchain, HPC). (digitalstrategy.gov.gr)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字化转型圣经 2020-2025（国家数字战略/国家数据战略要素）", "description_zh": "希腊的人工智能法：2020-2025年数字化转型圣经是希腊的国家数字战略，经部长决定批准并在政府公报上发布（ΦΕΚ 2894/Β/05-07-2021）。它制定了五年国家计划的原则、治理安排、战略轴、400多个项目和操作措施，涵盖公共数字服务、基础注册、互操作性、开放数据、网络安全、数据治理和先进技术（人工智能、区块链、高性能计算）。 （digitalstrategy.gov.gr）..." }, { "title": "Law 5188/2025: Measures for the implementation of the Data Governance Act and the National Strategy for public sector data", "url": "https://mitos.gov.gr/index.php/%CE%94%CE%94%3A%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD", "description": "AI law in Greece: Law 5188/2025 (FEK A' 49/28-03-2025) transposes measures of Regulation (EU) 2022/868 (the Data Governance Act) into Greek law, designating the Ministry of Digital Governance as the competent authority for data intermediation services and data altruism organisations and creating a national framework and strategy for the reuse of protected public sector data. The law establishes institutional roles (including Data Use Officers), enforcement powers and fines, and a five-year National Strategy for public sector information....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "第 5188/2025 号法律：《数据治理法》和《国家公共部门数据战略》的实施措施", "description_zh": "希腊的人工智能法：第 5188/2025 号法律 (FEK A' 49/28-03-2025) 将第 (EU) 2022/868 号法规（《数据治理法案》）的措施移植到希腊法律中，指定数字治理部作为数据中介服务和数据利他主义组织的主管机构，并为受保护的公共部门数据的重用创建国家框架和战略。该法律规定了机构角色（包括数据使用官员）、执法权和罚款，以及公共部门信息五年国家战略……" } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "300" }, { "id": "ID", "title": "Indonesia", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-08-11", "title": "Indonesia-UAE Memorandum of Understanding on payment system and digital innovation cooperation", "url": "https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_2329321.aspx", "description": "On 8 November 2021, the Central Banks of Indonesia and the United Arab Emirates signed a Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen cooperation in payment systems and digital financial innovation. In particular, the Memorandum involves financial services digital innovation, the countries' cross-border payment systems and the policies to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorism.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-17", "title": "Data protection measures in Indonesia Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill entered into force fully after the lapse of a two year grace period. The Bill defines personal data and differentiates between “specific personal data” and “personal data of a general nature”. In particular, the Bill outlines additional protections for “specific personal data”, which includes biometric, genetic, criminal, economic and children’s data. Furthermore, it outlines the user’s rights, including the right to access and dele...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-22", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding for Cybersecurity Capability Reinforcement Cooperation", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2172&page=1", "description": "On 22 July 2022, the Republic of Korea and Indonesia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for Cybersecurity Capability Reinforcement Cooperation. According to the MoU, the countries will strengthen collaboration in several cybersecurity areas and exchange information and systems for capacity building in cybersecurity-related fields. Furthermore, they will cooperate on electronic signature and authentication, security technology development and human resource exchange.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-26", "title": "Cybersecurity and telecommunications agreement", "url": "https://www.kkmm.gov.my/en/public/news/22595-malaysia-indonesia-to-enhance-cooperation-in-cybersecurity-telecommunications", "description": "On 19 August 2022, the Ministry of Communications and Multimedia announced that Malaysia and Indonesia have initiated plans for a partnership to enhance collaboration regarding cybersecurity and telecommunications regulation and innovation in both countries. The Ministry noted that following the rapid technological changes occurring in the digital markets and in the interest of national security, both countries have committed to improve international relationships in those policy areas.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-17", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Indonesia Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Bill on the Protection of Personal Data entered into force fully after the lapse of a two year grace period. The Bill states that data controllers have to conduct impact assessments to identify risks in processing personal data. Furthermore, the entities are obliged to implement preventive, detective, and responsive security measures to ensure the protection of the personal data stored from unauthorised access. Finally, the entities will have to report to the authoriti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-03-16", "title": "Singapore-Indonesia Digital Economy Cooperation", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/03/Singapore-And-Indonesia-Deepen-Collaboration-In-Renewable-Energy-And-The-Digital-Economy", "description": "On 16 March 2023, representatives of the Governments of Singapore and Indonesia held a meeting to deepen collaboration in the areas of renewable energy and the digital economy. The parties signed 9 partnerships in the field of the digital economy, including in health technology and education technology.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-04-14", "title": "Case No. 110/PUU-XX/2022 on Art.15(1)(a) of Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_mkri_8971_1681459814.pdf", "description": "On 14 April 2023, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia ruled, in Case No. 110/PUU-XX/2022, that Article 15(1)(a) of the Personal Data Protection Law does not contradict the Constitution of Indonesia. The plaintiff had requested a judicial review of the Article, which allows the limitation of data subject rights in relation to national security and defence matters, arguing that there was a lack of legal certainty regarding the circumstances in which such a limitation was legitimate. The Court...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-04", "title": "Regulation No. 60/PMK.03/2022 Including VAT on Digital Services and Goods", "url": "https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/download/1bfe41fc-a312-41f0-b107-70e55b69767a/60~PMK.03~2022Per.pdf", "description": "On 1 April 2022, Regulation No. 48/PMK.03/2020 was replaced by Regulation No. 60/PMK.03/2022, which updates the rules concerning the imposition of Value-Added Tax (VAT) on goods and services provided to Indonesian consumers from international sellers and service providers by bringing the VAT rate in line with the newest tax rates (11%) and imposing additional reporting obligations. Regulation 60/PMK.03/2022 was adopted and implemented the same day. Many of the existing requirements remain the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-17", "title": "Personal Data Protection Law including data protection authority governance", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Bill on the Protection of Personal Data entered into force fully after the lapse of a two year grace period. It foresees the establishment of a data protection authority which is answerable to the President, and which is responsible for formulating guidelines on data protection, supervising the implementation of the Bill, overseeing administrative enforcement against violations of the Bill, and facilitating relevant dispute resolutions. The authority would have, among ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Information policy on content moderation enforcement regarding online gambling", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/rilis-gpr/detail/lagi-kemkomdigi-turunkan-21456-konten-terkait-judol", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Ministry of Communication and Digital of Indonesia announced the removal of 43’063 online gambling-related content, accounts, and sites from user-generated platforms. The action, conducted under presidential directives to protect younger generations from exposure to online gambling (judol), targeted platforms including Meta, Google/YouTube, X, Telegram, and TikTok. The Ministry of Communication and Digital cited cross-sector collaboration, public complaints, and cyber p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-24", "title": "Investigations into five data leaks", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/11/kominfo-gerak-cepat-tangani-lima-kasus-baru-kebocoran-data/", "description": "On 24 November 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) announced that it was investigating five alleged data breach incidents. The incidents involve two e-commerce companies, Carousell and Lazada, a fuel station payment app, MyPertamina, the official Indonesian Covid-19 contact-tracing app, PeduliLindungi, and the forum of the mobile game Mobile Legends, operated by games developer Moonton.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-06-08", "title": "Investigation into Kreditplus data leaks", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2020/08/ratusan-ribu-data-bocor-kominfo-minta-kreditplus-buka-suara/", "description": "On 6 August 2020, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) announced that it was investigating financial services platform Kreditplus regarding alleged data leaks of customer data. Reportedly, personal data of up to 896'000 users may have been leaked.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-04-26", "title": "Data protection investigation into 11 applications", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/04/kominfo-beri-waktu-aplikasi-pelanggar-data-pribadi-lakukan-perbaikan/", "description": "On 26 April 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) issued a rectification deadline as part of an investigation into 11 applications potentially misusing personal data or violating applicable regulations. Kominfo has given the applications in question three days to bring their services into compliance with data protection regulations and remove problematic features. Applications that are not in compliance after three days will be blocked.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-01", "title": "Kominfo Statement on WhatsApp and Facebook compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/01/ubah-kebijakan-privasi-kominfo-minta-platform-wa-dan-fb-terapkan-pelindungan-data-pribadi/", "description": "On 12 January 2021, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) issued a statement encouraging WhatsApp and Facebook to update and clarify their privacy policies and improve compliance with Indonesian data protection regulations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-14", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Implementing Regulation of Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://pdp.id/rpp-ppdp/1", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the consultation on the draft Implementing Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Act, which includes cross-border data transfer regulation, was closed. The draft Regulation provides expanded details on the cross-border data transfer mechanisms established by the Personal Data Protection Act. The Regulation sets out the responsibility of the data protection agency for carrying out adequacy assessments for countries and stipulates that details of the assessment criter...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-19", "title": "Kominfo Artificial Intelligence Ethics Guidelines", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/53722/siaran-pers-no-582hmkominfo122023-tentang-resmi-terbitkan-se-menkominfo-jadi-pedoman-bagi-pse-publik-dan-privat/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the Ministry of Communication and Information of Indonesia adopted a Circular on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use and Development. The Circular, addressed to AI-based programming businesses in both public and private sectors, outlines three key policies: ethical values, implementation of ethical values, and responsibility in AI use and development. The highlighted ethical values encompass inclusivity, accessibility, security, humanity, credibility, and accou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-01", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Information investigation into platforms' compliance with measures against online gambling content", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/53893/siaran-pers-no-01hmkominfo012024-tentang-putus-akses-lebih-dari-800-ribu-konten-gerak-cepat-menteri-budi-arie-berantas-judi-online/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 2 January 2024, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information (MCIT) announced that it had issued blocking and removal orders for online gambling content. The MCIT announced that over 800’000 online gambling contents have been erased. The MCIT further emphasised their ongoing collaboration with the Financial Services Authority to block accounts connected to online gambling. The MCIT also stated that they have requested internet service providers and mobile operators to increase ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "title": "Singapore-Indonesia Memorandum of Understanding on Digital Transformation Cooperation", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/54501/sekjen-kominfo-serahkan-naskah-kerja-sama-transformasi-digital-indonesia-singapura/0/berita_satker", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the governments of Singapore and Indonesia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Digital Transformation Cooperation. The MoU covers various aspects of digital transformation, including data governance, digital infrastructure development, supporting digital talent and digital startups. The adoption follows the discussions initiated during the 9th Information and Communication Joint Committee (ICJC) meeting between the two parties. The MoU aims to expand existing coo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-22", "title": "Indonesia-Germany Memorandum of Understanding on Digital Cooperation", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/menkomdigi-di-jerman-kerjasama-internasional-perkuat-transformasi-digital", "description": "On 22 November 2024, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs and the German Ministry of Digital and Transportation signed a Memorandum of Understanding on digital cooperation and agreed to conduct strategic bilateral meetings. Six strategic areas were agreed upon: data policy, internet processes and governance, digital technology, sustainable digital transformation, and digital inclusion, including the development of digital economy infrastructure and internet accessibility.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-03", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs report on content moderation enforcement actions", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/apresiasi-laporan-masyarakat-komdigi-tangani-13-juta-konten-pornografi-dan-judi-online", "description": "On 10 March 2025, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs reported handling 1.35 million instances of online pornographic and gambling content between 20 October 2024 and 8 March 2025. It was highlighted that 233,552 cases involved pornography, primarily from websites including X, while 1,118,849 cases were related to online gambling, with 1,017,274 traced to websites and IP addresses and 46,207 to Meta. It was also highlighted that in the first eight days of March alone,...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "title": "Presidential Regulation to govern Artificial Intelligence utilisation", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/atur-tata-kelola-pemanfaatan-ai-pemerintah-siapkan-perpres", "description": "On 16 July 2025, the Ministry of Communication and Digital announced plans to draft a Presidential Regulation to govern Artificial Intelligence (AI) utilisation and a national AI roadmap. The regulation will apply to all public institutions and guide stakeholders deploying AI across sectors, including transport, education, health, and finance. It aims to strengthen cross-sectoral governance, mitigate risks, and ensure ethical AI development, complementing existing laws.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs' National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/konsultasi-publik-buku-putih-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-dan-konsep-pedoman-etika-kecerdasan-artifisial", "description": "On 22 August 2025, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs closes the consultation on the National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Roadmap that establishes the country's AI strategy through 2045. The roadmap applies to all AI stakeholders across Indonesia's economy, including developers, users, government agencies, private companies, academic institutions, and civil society groups. It introduces a seven-aspect framework covering policy, ethics, talent development, infrastructur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-12-13", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affair's investigation into X Corp over alleged content moderation violations", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/platform-x-penuhi-kewajiban-denda-administratif-atas-konten-pornografi", "description": "On 13 December 2025, Indonesia’s Ministry of Communication and Digital (Komdigi) confirmed that X Corp. paid an administrative fine of IDR 78.125 million over content moderation violations pertaining to pornographic content. It was highlighted that the content moderation obligation applies to Electronic System Providers (PSEs), including foreign digital platforms operating in Indonesia. Indonesia's Regulation 71/2019 governing electronic system operators requires Electronic System Providers (...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs' investigation into Grok over alleged risks of AI-generated pornographic content", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/kemkomdigi-awasi-ketat-normalisasi-grok-usai-x-sampaikan-komitmen-kepatuhan", "description": "On 1 February 2026, the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs announced the conditional restoration of access to X Corp’s Grok service following the submission of a written commitment by the company to comply with Indonesian legislation. The Ministry clarified that the normalisation does not constitute an unconditional relaxation of regulatory requirements but forms part of an ongoing digital law enforcement process subject to strict supervision and evaluation. X Corp committed to imp...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs investigation into Meta over alleged Instagram user data leak", "url": "https://portal.komdigi.go.id/kanal-publik/berita-kini/9942", "description": "On 14 January 2026, the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (Komdigi) held a clarification meeting with Meta regarding an investigation into alleged user data leaks and password reset security on the Instagram platform. In the meeting, Meta claimed the internal password reset mechanism does not permit access external parties to access account passwords. Meta further indicated that investigations are currently being conducted to verify reports of data leaks linked to a third-party re...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-19", "title": "Lawsuit regarding constitutionality of Articles 65(2) and 67(2) of Personal Data Protection Law on legal certainty grounds (Case No. 135/PUU-XXIII/2025)", "url": "https://en.mkri.id/news/details/2026-01-19/Personal_Data_Processing_in_Journalism_Subject_to_PDP_Law_and_Press_Law", "description": "On 19 January 2026, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia rejected petition No. 135/PUU-XXIII/2025 regarding the material judicial review of Articles 65 and 67 of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). The legal challenge was initiated by the SIKAP coalition, including the Alliance of Independent Journalists (AJI) Indonesia and the Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet). The petitioners argued that the prohibition on the unlawful disclosure o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "Indonesia-South Korea Memorandum of Understanding on strengthening data security and developing AI", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/kerja-sama-ri-korea-internet-lebih-stabil-data-lebih-aman-talenta-ai-diperkuat", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs of Indonesia and the Minister of Science and Information and Communications Technology of Korea signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on strengthening data security and developing Artificial Intelligence (AI). The MoU applies to digital service providers and commits the two governments to developing next-generation communications infrastructure and strengthening data security and digital literacy. It also focuses on dep...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "A dynamic dialogue with Southeast Asia to put the OECD AI Principles into action", "url": "", "description": "The OECD and Southeast Asia are shaping AI governance through dialogues and building tools for safe, trustworthy AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "与东南亚开展动态对话，将经合组织人工智能原则付诸行动", "description_zh": "经合组织和东南亚正在通过对话和构建安全、值得信赖的人工智能工具来塑造人工智能治理。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-06", "title": "Strengthening global AI Safety: A perspective on the Singapore Consensus", "url": "", "description": "As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies advance rapidly, societies around the world face a growing urgency to ensure that the AI safety research keeps pace and that these tools are not only powerful but also safe, reliable, and aligned with human values. Given this globally pressing issue, we a", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "加强全球人工智能安全：新加坡共识的视角", "description_zh": "随着人工智能 (AI) 技术的快速发展，世界各地越来越迫切地需要确保人工智能安全研究跟上步伐，确保这些工具不仅功能强大，而且安全、可靠并符合人类价值观。鉴于这一全球紧迫问题，我们", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "19 November 2020", "title": "Authorisation of cross-border data transfers in MOT Regulation No. 50 of 2020 on Provisions on Electronic Systems Trading Business Licencing and Advertising, and Guidance and Supervision of Business Actors", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/160273/permendag-no-50-tahun-2020#:~:text=Permendag%20No.%2050%20Tahun%202020,Sistem%20Elektronik%20%5BJDIH%20BPK%20RI%5D", "description": "On 19 November 2020, Trade Regulation 50/2020 on E-Commerce came into force, implementing Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 regarding Trading through Electronic Systems. The Regulation was issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Trade (MOT) and empowers the MOT to authorise the transfer of personal information outside the country. It also categorizes the different types of e-commerce players, placing specific obligations on each of them.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "交通运输部2020年第50号《电子系统交易业务许可、广告及经营者指导监督规定》中跨境数据传输的授权", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 19 日，关于电子商务的第 50/2020 号贸易条例生效，实施关于通过电子系统进行交易的 2019 年第 80 号政府条例。该条例由印度尼西亚贸易部 (MOT) 发布，并授权 MOT 授权将个人信息转移到国外。它还对不同类型的电子商务参与者进行了分类，为每个参与者规定了特定的义务。" }, { "date": "18 August 2020", "title": "Rules for calculation of domestic component of electronic products", "url": "http://jdih.kemenperin.go.id/site/template3/2669", "description": "On 18 August 2020, the Ministry of Industry issued Regulation No. 22 of 2020 on Procedures to Calculate Local Content on Electronics and Telematics Products. As the title already states, the regulation imposes rules for the calculation value of domestic components in electronic products.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电子产品国产零部件计算规则", "description_zh": "2020年8月18日，工信部发布2020年第22号《电子及车联网产品本地含量计算程序》。正如标题所示，该法规对电子产品中国产元件的价值计算提出了规则。" }, { "date": "17 August 2021", "title": "Cross-border QR payment linkage between Indonesia and Thailand", "url": "https://www.bi.go.id/en/publikasi/ruang-media/news-release/Pages/sp_170821.aspx", "description": "Bank Indonesia and the Bank of Thailand, the countries' respective central banks, have launched the pilot phase of the cross-border QR payment linkage between Indonesia and Thailand. It enables users from both countries to make instant QR payments for cross-border goods and services. At this point, users from one country can use mobile applications to scan QR codes from the respective other country using codes offered by a number of participating banks and other institutions. The project is s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印尼、泰国跨境二维码支付联动", "description_zh": "印尼央行和泰国央行分别启动印尼和泰国跨境二维码支付联动试点。它使两国用户能够对跨境商品和服务进行即时二维码支付。此时，一个国家的用户可以使用移动应用程序使用多家参与银行和其他机构提供的代码扫描来自另一国家的二维码。该项目是..." }, { "date": "13 August 2021", "title": "Standardized Regulation of Payment Systems in Indonesia", "url": "https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/peraturan/Pages/PBI_231121.aspx", "description": "On 13 August 2021, Bank Indonesia, the central bank of Indonesia, adopted Regulation No. 23/11/PBI/2021 on the National Payment System Standard, which is part of the Payment System Blueprint 2025 which aims, among other things, to digitalise the payment system. The regulation establishes the principles under which the Bank will issue a national standard to administer payment systems used within the territory of Indonesia. The national standard will cover various aspects, including but not lim...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚支付系统的标准化监管", "description_zh": "2021 年 8 月 13 日，印度尼西亚中央银行印度尼西亚银行通过了关于国家支付系统标准的第 23/11/PBI/2021 号条例，该条例是 2025 年支付系统蓝图的一部分，其目标之一是实现支付系统数字化。该法规确立了央行发布国家标准来管理印度尼西亚境内使用的支付系统的原则。国家标准将涵盖各个方面，包括但不限于..." }, { "date": "11 November 2021", "title": "UK-Indonesia partnership on cyber security and counterterrorism", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-visits-indonesia-to-build-partnership-for-the-future", "description": "The United Kingdom and Indonesia have announced greater cooperation in the areas of cyber security, digital economy and counterterrorism. The announcement comes in light of the UK Foreign Minister meeting both the Indonesian President and Indonesian Foreign Minister. Specifically, the UK Foreign Minister visited Indonesia's National Cyber and Crypto Agency to establish an increased collaboration in the areas of cyber-crime and security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "英国-印度尼西亚网络安全和反恐伙伴关系", "description_zh": "英国和印度尼西亚宣布在网络安全、数字经济和反恐领域加强合作。这一消息是在英国外交大臣与印度尼西亚总统和印度尼西亚外交部长会面之际发布的。具体来说，英国外交部长访问了印度尼西亚国家网络和加密机构，以加强在网络犯罪和安全领域的合作。" }, { "date": "26 July 2022", "title": "Ministerial Regulation on Procedures for the Imposition of Administrative Sanctions and the Filing of Objections to the Imposition of Administrative Sanctions", "url": "https://web.kominfo.go.id/sites/default/files/kominfo-lampiran-RPM-Tata%20Cara%20Pengenaan%20Sanksi%20Administratif%20dan%20Pengajuan%20Keberatan%20Atas%20Pengenaan%20Sanksi%20Administratif.pdf", "description": "On 26 July 2022, the Ministry of Communication and Information ('Kominfo') closed the consultation on the Draft Ministerial Regulation on Procedures for the Imposition of Administrative Sanctions and the Filing of Objections to the Imposition of Administrative Sanctions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关于实施行政处罚和提出行政处罚异议程序的部令", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 26 日，通信和信息部（“Kominfo”）结束了《关于实施行政处罚和提出行政处罚异议的程序的部级条例草案》的磋商。" }, { "date": "10 April 2021", "title": "Data localisation requirements in Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019 on Organization of Electronic Systems and Transactions (GR 71/2019)", "url": "https://jdih.kominfo.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/695/t/peraturan+pemerintah+nomor+71+tahun+2019+tanggal+10+oktober+2019", "description": "On 4 October 2021, the provisions of Government Regulation 71 (GR 71/2019) setting out data localisation requirements for Public ESPs were implemented. The Regulation revokes GR 82/2012 and introduces a classification of Electronic System Providers (ESP) in Public and Private. Public ESPs are required to be located in Indonesia. Private ESPs can be placed outside Indonesia but they should allow supervision by the Indonesian authorities, for which data access must be granted.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2019 年关于电子系统和交易组织的第 71 号政府法规 (GR 71/2019) 中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2021 年 10 月 4 日，政府第 71 号法规 (GR 71/2019) 规定了公共 ESP 数据本地化要求的规定已实施。该法规废除了 GR 82/2012，并引入了公共和私人电子系统提供商 (ESP) 的分类。公共 ESP 必须位于印度尼西亚。私营 ESP 可以放置在印度尼西亚境外，但应接受印度尼西亚当局的监督，并且必须授予其数据访问权限。" }, { "date": "17 October 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Law including cross-border data transfer regulation (Law No. 27 of 2022)", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/229798/uu-no-27-tahun-2022", "description": "On 17 October 2024, the Bill on the Protection of Personal Data entered into force fully after the lapse of a two year grace period. The Bill establishes that cross-border data transfers will be limited to countries with a level of data protection regulations equal to or higher than Indonesia's. In the case the state does not provide the same level of protection, data controllers have to enter into binding contracts with the parties receiving the data to ensure personal data protection.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "个人数据保护法，包括跨境数据传输监管（2022 年第 27 号法）", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 17 日，《个人数据保护法案》在两年宽限期过后全面生效。该法案规定，跨境数据传输将仅限于数据保护法规水平等于或高于印度尼西亚的国家。如果国家不提供同等程度的保护，数据控制者必须与接收数据的各方签订具有约束力的合同，以确保个人数据得到保护。" }, { "date": "4 January 2021", "title": "Indonesia: Data Residency Obligation in Ministry of Communications and Informatics Regulation 3/2021", "url": "https://jdih.kominfo.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/765/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+3+tahun+2021", "description": "On 1 April 2021, the Ministry of Communications and Informatics of Indonesia issued Regulation 3/2021 requiring electronic certification and digital signature service providers to establish their systems within the Indonesian territory. The order entered into force on the same day of publication of the Regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚：通信和信息部条例 3/2021 中的数据驻留义务", "description_zh": "2021年4月1日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部发布第3/2021号条例，要求电子认证和数字签名服务提供商在印度尼西亚境内建立其系统。该命令自该条例发布之日起生效。" }, { "date": "1 February 2026", "title": "Indonesian Criminal Code", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/234935/uu-no-1-tahun-2023", "description": "On 2 January 2026, the new Indonesian Criminal Code, which expands the classification of crime types and strengthens the government's control over online speech, was implemented three years after its promulgation. The new Code also applies to online acts whose consequences are manifested in Indonesian territory. Further, it establishes a range of specific offenses that can be committed by means of information technology, such as insults against government figures and institutions, inciting vi...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚刑法", "description_zh": "2026年1月2日，新的印尼刑法典在颁布三年后开始实施，该法典扩大了犯罪类型的分类，并加强了政府对网络言论的控制。新准则还适用于其后果发生在印度尼西亚境内的网络行为。此外，它还规定了一系列可以通过信息技术实施的具体犯罪行为，例如侮辱政府人物和机构、煽动暴力……" }, { "date": "10 July 2022", "title": "Data localisation requirements in OJK Regulation 11/2022", "url": "https://www.ojk.go.id/iru/regulation/detailregulation/9850/implementation-of-information-technology-by-commercial-banks", "description": "On 7 October 2022, the Indonesian Financial Services Authority's (OJK) Regulation 11/2022 on “Implementation of Information Technology by Commercial Banks” was implemented 3 months after its promulgation. In particular, the Regulation requires banks to locate their data centres and disaster recovery centres in Indonesia unless OJK approves their placement outside of Indonesia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "OJK 法规 11/2022 中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2022年10月7日，印度尼西亚金融服务管理局（OJK）关于“商业银行实施信息技术”的第11/2022号条例在颁布3个月后实施。特别是，该法规要求银行将其数据中心和灾难恢复中心设在印度尼西亚，除非 OJK 批准将其安置在印度尼西亚境外。" }, { "date": "14 April 2023", "title": "Case regarding constitutionality of Articles 1(4), 2(2) and 19 of the Personal Data Protection Law (No. 108/PUU-XX/2022)", "url": "https://www.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_mkri_8970_1681459239.pdf", "description": "On 14 April 2023, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia issued a ruling in Case No. 108/PUU-XX/2022 which involved a petition for judicial review of Articles 1(4), 2(2) and 19 of the Personal Data Protection Law. The articles in question contain the definition of data controllers, the exception for household and personal processing activities, and the types of controllers and processors, respectively. The applicant's contention was that these provisions could effectively exempt legal entities...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "《个人资料保护法》第一条第（四）款、第二条第（二）款、第十九条是否符合宪法案（第108/PUU-XX/2022号）", "description_zh": "2023年4月14日，印度尼西亚宪法法院就第108/PUU-XX/2022号案件作出裁决，该案涉及对《个人数据保护法》第一条第(4)款、第二条第(2)款和第十九条进行司法审查的请求。这些条款分别包含数据控制者的定义、家庭和个人处理活动的例外情况以及控制者和处理者的类型。申请人的论点是，这些规定可以有效地豁免法人实体……" }, { "date": "17 April 2023", "title": "Cooperation Agreement between Indonesian Financial Services Authority and Directorate of Population and Civil Registry on access to population data in financial services industry", "url": "https://www.ojk.go.id/id/berita-dan-kegiatan/siaran-pers/Pages/OJK-Gandeng-Dukcapil-Tingkatkan-Kualitas-Layanan-dan-Pengawasan-Industri-Jasa-Keuangan.aspx", "description": "On 17 April 2023, the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registry (Ditjen Dukcapil) signed a Cooperation Agreement regarding the access and use of population identification numbers, population data, and electronic identity cards in the financial services sector. According to government bodies, access to secure and accurate versions of such data is important for several activities in this sector, including debtor information servic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚金融服务管理局与人口和民事登记局关于获取金融服务业人口数据的合作协议", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 17 日，印度尼西亚金融服务管理局 (OJK) 与人口和民事登记总局 (Ditjen Dukcapil) 签署了一项关于在金融服务领域获取和使用人口识别号码、人口数据和电子身份证的合作协议。根据政府机构的说法，获取此类数据的安全和准确版本对于该领域的多项活动非常重要，包括债务人信息服务……" }, { "date": "7 January 2020", "title": "Regulation Including VAT on Digital Services and Goods (No. 48/PMK.03/2020)", "url": "https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fullText/2020/48~PMK.03~2020Per.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2020, the Value-Added Tax (VAT) on goods and services provided to Indonesian consumers from international sellers and service providers is implemented. Regulation No. 48/PMK.03/2020 sets out the conditions for the imposition and collection of VAT on foreign e-commerce providers. Later regulations will specify the thresholds above which the VAT duty applies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "包括数字服务和商品增值税在内的法规（第 48/PMK.03/2020 号）", "description_zh": "2020 年 7 月 1 日，国际卖家和服务提供商向印度尼西亚消费者提供的商品和服务征收增值税 (VAT)。第 48/PMK.03/2020 号法规规定了对外国电子商务提供商征收增值税的条件。后续法规将规定增值税税适用的门槛。" }, { "date": "14 April 2022", "title": "Notice Designating Companies for VAT on Digital Services and Products (No. SP-30/2022)", "url": "https://www.pajak.go.id/sites/default/files/2022-04/SP-30%202022%20MULAI%20APRIL%202022%2C%20CANVA%2C%20HBO%2C%20HINGGA%20ASK.FM%20WAJIB%20PUNGUT%20PPN%20PMSE.pdf", "description": "On 14 April 2022, the Indonesian Directorate General of Taxation adopted Notice No. SP-30/2022, in which was announced that 103 companies have been designated to collect VAT on digital goods and services as of 31 March 2022. All 103 companies must collect a VAT of 11% on digital services and products sold to Indonesian customers. The Notice also states that a few designated companies have been either removed or modified.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于指定公司缴纳数字服务和产品增值税的通知（No. SP-30/2022）", "description_zh": "2022 年 4 月 14 日，印度尼西亚税务总局通过了第 SP-30/2022 号通知，其中宣布，截至 2022 年 3 月 31 日，已指定 103 家公司对数字商品和服务征收增值税。所有 103 家公司必须对向印度尼西亚客户销售的数字服务和产品征收 11% 的增值税。 《通知》还指出，部分指定企业已被删除或修改。" }, { "date": "24 November 2020", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Kominfo Regulation No. 5 of 2020 on Private Electronic System Operators", "url": "https://jdih.kominfo.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/759/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+5+tahun+2020", "description": "On 24 November 2020, Kominfo Regulation No. 5 of 2020 on Private Electronic System Operators (ESOs), which includes content moderation regulation, was implemented. Regulation 5/2020 is an implementing regulation of Regulation 71/2019. Regulation 5/2020 requires Private ESOs providing user-generated content to implement content management and complaint mechanisms. Such ESOs are relieved of liability for enabling access to prohibited content if they perform preventive actions and provide the pr...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kominfo 2020 年第 5 号条例中关于私营电子系统运营商的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 24 日，Kominfo 关于私人电子系统运营商 (ESO) 的 2020 年第 5 号法规实施，其中包括内容审核法规。第 5/2020 条是第 71/2019 条的实施条例。条例 5/2020 要求私营 ESO 提供用户生成的内容，以实施内容管理和投诉机制。如果此类 ESO 采取预防措施并提供预防措施，则可以免除允许访问禁止内容的责任。" }, { "date": "1 September 2021", "title": "KPPU Study on Business Actors and Market Structure in the Digital Economy", "url": "https://kppu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Ek.-Digital-2020-Ringkasan-Eksekutif.pdf", "description": "On 9 January 2021, the Indonesian Competition Authority published a Study on Business Actors and Market Structure in the Digital Economy. The Study aims to examine the market structure of the e-commerce sector in Indonesia, set out possibilities to defining relevant markets, and examine possible anti-competitive acts in the sector. The KPPU sets out a number of regulatory priorities and recommendations, including using computer-based methods to detect potential anti-competitive acts by platfo...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KPPU 关于数字经济中的商业参与者和市场结构的研究", "description_zh": "2021 年 1 月 9 日，印度尼西亚竞争管理局发布了《数字经济中的商业参与者和市场结构研究》。该研究旨在审查印度尼西亚电子商务部门的市场结构，提出界定相关市场的可能性，并审查该部门可能存在的反竞争行为。 KPPU 提出了许多监管重点和建议，包括使用基于计算机的方法来检测平台潜在的反竞争行为……" }, { "date": "1 February 2024", "title": "Amendment of 2008 Law Concerning Electronic Information and Transactions", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/53404/siaran-pers-no-539hmkominfo122023-tentang-perubahan-kedua-uu-ite-tingkatkan-perlindungan-anak-di-ruang-digital/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 2 January 2024, the second amendment of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions entered into force. The law had previously undergone modifications through Law No. 19 of 2016. The new amendments are aimed at reinforcing guarantees of recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of individuals. Notably, the second amendment introduces provisions for child protection online.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2008年电子信息与交易法修正案", "description_zh": "2024年1月2日，2008年第11号法《电子信息和交易》第二修正案生效。该法律此前已通过 2016 年第 19 号法律进行了修改。新修正案旨在加强对个人权利和自由的承认和尊重的保障。值得注意的是，第二修正案引入了在线儿童保护的规定。" }, { "date": "6 August 2022", "title": "Kominfo Content Moderation Enforcement Regarding Misinformation", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/06/menkominfo-komisi-i-dpr-kebut-ruu-perlindungan-data-pribadi/", "description": "On 8 June 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) announced regulatory action against online misinformation related to the Covid-19 pandemic. According to Kominfo, in the period between 6 May 2022 and 8 June 2022, it had blocked access to 5'772 instances of Covid-19 misinformation, with several hundred cases being referred to law enforcement.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Kominfo 针对错误信息的内容审核执法", "description_zh": "2022 年 6 月 8 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部 (Kominfo) 宣布对与 Covid-19 大流行相关的在线错误信息采取监管行动。据 Kominfo 称，在 2022 年 5 月 6 日至 2022 年 6 月 8 日期间，它已阻止访问 5,772 个 Covid-19 错误信息实例，其中数百个案例被移交给执法部门。" }, { "date": "2 November 2021", "title": "Investigation into Aisha Weddings regarding alleged misuse of child and adolescent data", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/02/kominfo-blokir-tiktok-cash-dan-situs-aisha-weddings/", "description": "On 11 February 2021, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics announced that it was cooperating with the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection to investigate concerns around the misuse of personal data of children and adolescents by the weddings services website Aisha Weddings. Specifically, there were concerns that misuse of such data could be linked to other illegal acts, such as economic sexual exploitation of children and child trafficking.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对 Aisha Weddings 涉嫌滥用儿童和青少年数据的调查", "description_zh": "2021 年 2 月 11 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部宣布，正在与妇女赋权和儿童保护部合作，调查有关婚礼服务网站 Aisha Weddings 滥用儿童和青少年个人数据的担忧。具体来说，有人担心滥用此类数据可能与其他非法行为有关，例如对儿童的经济性剥削和贩运儿童。" }, { "date": "22 August 2022", "title": "Investigation into PLN and Telkom regarding customer data leaks", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/08/data-pelanggan-pln-bocor-kominfo-sudah-dipanggil-dan-terus-dipantau/", "description": "On 22 August 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics announced that it was investigating PLN, an electric power distributor, and Telkom, a telecommunications provider, for alleged leaks of information on 17 million and 26 million customers respectively.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "针对 PLN 和 Telkom 客户数据泄露事件进行调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 8 月 22 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部宣布正在调查电力分销商 PLN 和电信提供商 Telkom，涉嫌分别泄露 1700 万和 2600 万客户的信息。" }, { "date": "14 January 2022", "title": "Investigation into Pertamina Training & Consulting regarding applicant data leaks", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/01/kominfo-usut-kebocoran-data-pelamar-kerja-anak-perusahaan-pertamina/", "description": "On 14 January 2022, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) announced that it was investigating Pertamina Training & Consulting (PTC) regarding alleged applicant data leaks. According reports mentioned but neither confirmed nor denied by Kominfo, the alleged leaks involve data on 163'000 applicants on a recruitment site owned by PTC.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "对 Pertamina 培训与咨询公司关于申请人数据泄露的调查", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 14 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部 (Kominfo) 宣布正在调查 Pertamina Training & Consulting (PTC) 涉嫌申请人数据泄露的事件。根据 Kominfo 既没有证实也没有否认的报道，据称泄露的数据涉及 PTC 旗下招聘网站上 163,000 名应聘者的数据。" }, { "date": "30 July 2021", "title": "Investigation into data leak of BRI Life customers", "url": "https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/07/kominfo-gandeng-bssn-dan-polri-selidiki-dugaan-kebocoran-data-pribadi-nasabah-bri-life/", "description": "On 30 July 2021, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo) announced that it was investigating an alleged customer data leak of customers of life insurance company BRI Life.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "BRI Life客户数据泄露事件调查", "description_zh": "2021 年 7 月 30 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部 (Kominfo) 宣布正在调查人寿保险公司 BRI Life 客户涉嫌的客户数据泄露事件。" }, { "date": "23 August 2023", "title": "National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) for DPOs", "url": "https://skkni-api.kemnaker.go.id/v1/public/documents/b7224f29-ee11-4ab4-9ecb-7b1011991a33/download", "description": "On 23 June 2023, Indonesia's Ministry of Labor issued the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) for information and communication, specifically focusing on personal data protection expertise as per Decision No. 103/2023. This aligns with Article 53(1) of the Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL), ensuring that data protection officers (DPOs) meet defined qualifications. The SKKNI outlines the requisite competencies of Indonesian DPOs. The framework is intended for educational, r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "DPO 国家工作能力标准 (SKKNI)", "description_zh": "2023 年 6 月 23 日，印度尼西亚劳工部发布了印度尼西亚信息和通信国家工作能力标准 (SKKNI)，根据第 103/2023 号决定，特别关注个人数据保护专业知识。这符合《个人数据保护法》(PDPL) 第 53(1) 条，确保数据保护官员 (DPO) 符合规定的资格。 SKKNI 概述了印度尼西亚 DPO 的必备能力。该框架旨在用于教育、研究..." }, { "date": "10 October 2023", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Informatics investigation into Meta regarding displayed online gambling content on its platforms", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/52191/siaran-pers-no-372hmkominfo102023-tentang-menkominfo-beri-meta-peringatan-keras-untuk-bersihkan-konten-judi/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 10 October 2023, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Informatics (MCI) issued an interim ruling in the investigation into Meta regarding online gambling content. The interim ruling concerns Meta’s obligation to ensure electronic gambling content and activities are not disseminated on their platform. In particular, the MCI requested Meta to immediately delete content that supports, promotes or facilitates online gambling or slot gambling on its platform within 24 hours. The MCI sta...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信和信息部就 Meta 在其平台上显示在线赌博内容展开调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 10 月 10 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部 (MCI) 针对 Meta 在线赌博内容的调查发布了临时裁决。临时裁决涉及 Meta 有义务确保电子赌博内容和活动不会在其平台上传播。 MCI 特别要求 Meta 在 24 小时内立即删除其平台上支持、宣传或促进在线赌博或老虎机赌博的内容。 MCI 站..." }, { "date": "10 November 2023", "title": "Indonesia-Japan Digital Sector Memorandum of Cooperation", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/52240/siaran-pers-no-375hmkominfo102023-tentang-indonesia-jepang-lanjutkan-kerja-sama-sektor-digital/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 11 October 2023, the governments of Indonesia and Japan signed a renewed Memorandum of Cooperation in the digital sector, including sectors such as AI, 5G, big data, and ICT. The Memorandum foresees the exchange of information, best practices, regulations and policies, capacity building and technical assistance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚-日本数字部门合作备忘录", "description_zh": "2023年10月11日，印度尼西亚和日本政府签署了新的数字领域合作备忘录，包括人工智能、5G、大数据和ICT等领域。该备忘录预计将交换信息、最佳实践、法规和政策、能力建设和技术援助。" }, { "date": "20 November 2023", "title": "Guidelines on Child Protection in the Digital Space", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/53032/siaran-pers-no-478hmkominfo112023-tentang-optimalkan-pelindungan-anak-indonesia-adopsi-panduan-itu/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 20 November 2023, the Deputy Minister of Communication and Information adopted guidelines on child protection in the digital space, established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 2009 and updated in 2020. The guidelines aim to create a safe and age-appropriate digital environment for children. The adoption was announced during the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Public Discussion Series themed \"AI for Child Online Protection.\" The Deputy Minister of Communication and Inform...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字空间中的儿童保护指南", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 20 日，通信和信息部副部长通过了国际电信联盟 (ITU) 于 2009 年制定并于 2020 年更新的数字空间儿童保护准则。该准则旨在为儿童创造一个安全且适合年龄的数字环境。这项采用是在主题为“人工智能保护儿童在线保护”的人工智能 (AI) 公共讨论系列期间宣布的。通讯和信息部副部长..." }, { "date": "20 August 2024", "title": "Content Moderation Regulation in Presidential Regulation No. 32 of 2024 on the Digital Platform Companies' Responsibility to Support Quality Journalism", "url": "https://jdih.setkab.go.id/PUUdoc/177153/Salinan_Perpres_Nomor_32_Tahun_2024.pdf", "description": "On 20 August 2024, Regulation No. 32 of 2024 on the Responsibility of Digital Platform Companies to Support Quality Journalism came into force. The digital platform companies in Indonesia are defined by the presence of their services in the country. Under the regulation, they must actively support quality journalism by preventing the dissemination of illegal content and promoting the prioritisation and commercialisation of press content. Further, digital platforms are required to ensure fair ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年第 32 号总统条例中关于数字平台公司支持高质量新闻的责任的内容审核条例", "description_zh": "2024年8月20日，《关于数字平台企业支持优质新闻责任的2024年第32号规定》正式施行。印度尼西亚的数字平台公司是根据其在该国提供的服务来定义的。根据该规定，他们必须积极支持高质量的新闻报道，防止非法内容的传播，促进新闻内容的优先化和商业化。此外，数字平台需要确保公平......" }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Government Regulation Number 17 of 2025 concerning Governance of Electronic System Implementation in Child Protection", "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/316698/pp-no-17-tahun-2025", "description": "On 27 March 2027, Regulation Number 17 of 2025 concerning Governance of Electronic System Implementation in Child Protection enters into force following the conclusion of the two-year transition period that began on 27 March 2025. Under this regulation, Electronic System Operators (ESOs) are mandated to ensure personal data protection for children defined as individuals under 18 years of age. The data protection requirements include the mandatory implementation of a data protection impact ass...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年第 17 号政府条例中关于儿童保护电子系统实施治理的数据保护规定", "description_zh": "2027 年 3 月 27 日，关于儿童保护电子系统实施治理的 2025 年第 17 号法规在 2025 年 3 月 27 日开始的两年过渡期结束后生效。根据该法规，电子系统运营商 (ESO) 必须确保 18 岁以下儿童的个人数据保护。数据保护要求包括强制实施数据保护影响评估..." }, { "date": "11 July 2024", "title": "KPPU investigation into Shopee and Nusantara Ekspres Kilat (Shopee Express) over alleged abuse of market power", "url": "https://kppu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Siaran-Pers-No.-95_KPPU-PR_XI_2024.pdf", "description": "On 7 November 2024, the Indonesia Competition Commission (KPPU) closed its investigation into Shopee and Nusantara Ekspres Kilat (Shopee Express) after both companies adhered to a behavioural Integrity Pact, which included commitments addressing violations identified. The investigation involved alleged violations of Indonesia's competition laws, specifically concerning discriminatory practices in Shopee’s courier service algorithms favouring its own delivery partner. During a June 2024 hearin...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KPPU 对 Shopee 和 Nusantara Ekspres Kilat (Shopee Express) 涉嫌滥用市场支配力进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 7 日，印度尼西亚竞争委员会 (KPPU) 结束了对 Shopee 和 Nusantara Ekspres Kilat (Shopee Express) 的调查，因为这两家公司都遵守了行为诚信协议，其中包括解决所发现的违规行为的承诺。该调查涉及涉嫌违反印度尼西亚竞争法，特别是有关 Shopee 快递服务算法中有利于其自己的送货合作伙伴的歧视性做法。在 2024 年 6 月的听证会上..." }, { "date": "31 July 2024", "title": "Minister of Communication and Informatics order limiting access to VPNs to prevent access to online gambling games", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/57949/siaran-pers-no-463hmkominfo072024-tentang-tekan-judi-online-menteri-budi-arie-kominfo-akan-batasi-akses-vpn-gratis/0/siaran_pers", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) announced the government's decision to limit access to free virtual private networks (VPNs) as a measure against online gambling. Kominfo noted that the order aims to address the negative impacts of digitalisation, such as online gambling, which is seen as a challenge to national digital transformation.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信和信息学部长下令限制对 VPN 的访问，以防止访问在线赌博游戏", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 31 日，印度尼西亚通信和信息部 (Kominfo) 宣布政府决定限制对免费虚拟专用网络 (VPN) 的访问，作为打击在线赌博的措施。 Kominfo 指出，该命令旨在解决数字化的负面影响，例如在线赌博，这被视为对国家数字化转型的挑战。" }, { "date": "10 September 2024", "title": "Minister of Communications and Informatics investigation into Temu's compliance with registration requirements", "url": "https://www.kominfo.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/kominfo-blokir-aplikasi-temu-dirjen-ikp-negara-harus-hadir-melindungi-umkm", "description": "On 9 October 2024, the Minister of Communications and Informatics (MIC) issued an order requiring access blocking to the application Temu. The MIC specified that Temu failed to register as an electronic system operator and that its direct-from-factory sales model is hurting local small and medium-sized businesses. The MIC described the competition as \"unhealthy\" and emphasised the need to safeguard domestic enterprises.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "通信和信息学部长对 Temu 遵守注册要求的情况进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 9 日，通信和信息学部长 (MIC) 发布命令，要求阻止对应用程序 Temu 的访问。 MIC指出，Temu未能注册为电子系统运营商，其工厂直销模式正在损害当地中小企业的利益。 MIC称这种竞争是“不健康的”，并强调需要保护国内企业。" }, { "date": "16 October 2024", "title": "ASEAN Regional Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT)", "url": "https://www.csa.gov.sg/News-Events/Press-Releases/2024/singapore-and-asean-member-states-deepen-commitment-to-enhance-collective-cybersecurity-in-the-region", "description": "On 16 October 2024, during the 9th ASEAN Ministerial Conference on Cybersecurity (AMCC), the ASEAN Member States (AMS) announced the operational launch of the ASEAN Regional Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) facility. The CERT, co-located at the ASEAN-Singapore Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence (ASCCE), aims at enhancing collective cybersecurity efforts across the region. Funded by Singapore, with a commitment of USD 10'100'000 over 10 years, the CERT will enhance information sharing o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "东盟区域计算机应急响应小组 (CERT)", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 16 日，在第九届东盟网络安全部长级会议 (AMCC) 期间，东盟成员国 (AMS) 宣布启动东盟区域计算机应急响应小组 (CERT) 设施。 CERT 位于东盟-新加坡网络安全卓越中心 (ASCCE)，旨在加强整个地区的集体网络安全工作。 CERT 由新加坡资助，承诺在 10 年内提供 10'100'000 美元，将加强信息共享..." }, { "date": "5 September 2025", "title": "Ministry of Communications and Digital investigation into Electronic System Provider Registration Certificate for Worldcoin and WorldID services", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/lindungi-data-warga-komdigi-periksa-pse-world-coin-dan-world-id", "description": "On 9 May 2025, the Indonesian Ministry of Communications and Digital (Komdigi) continued its review of Worldcoin and WorldID services, with a focus on the collection and storage of biometric data. Komdigi stated that Tools for Humanity (TFH), the operator of Worldcoin, had collected over 500’000 retinal scans from users in Indonesia. The Ministry is examining whether the data storage practices present risks of leakage or misuse, and may request the deletion of the data if such risks are ident...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信和数字部对 Worldcoin 和 WorldID 服务的电子系统提供商注册证书进行调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 9 日，印度尼西亚通信和数字部 (Komdigi) 继续审查 Worldcoin 和 WorldID 服务，重点是生物识别数据的收集和存储。 Komdigi 表示，Worldcoin 的运营商 Tools for Humanity (TFH) 已从印度尼西亚用户那里收集了超过 50 万份视网膜扫描数据。该部正在检查数据存储做法是否存在泄露或滥用的风险，如果发现此类风险，可能会要求删除数据..." }, { "date": "19 February 2026", "title": "Cross-border data transfer provisions in United States-Indonesia Agreement on reciprocal trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/Press/Releases/2026/02.19.26%20US-IDN%20ART%20Full%20Agreement%20-%20US%20Final%20for%20Website%20sanitized.pdf", "description": "On 19 February 2026, the United States and Indonesia signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Section 3 of the Agreement governs digital trade and technology. Pursuant to Article 3.2, Indonesia undertakes to facilitate digital trade with the United States by ensuring the transfer of data by electronic means across trusted borders, subject to appropriate protections for the conduct of business. As part of its specific commitments listed in an Annex to the Agreement, Indonesia commits to recogn...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国-印度尼西亚互惠贸易协定中的跨境数据传输条款", "description_zh": "2026年2月19日，美国和印度尼西亚签署了互惠贸易协定。该协议第 3 条管辖数字贸易和技术。根据第 3.2 条，印度尼西亚承诺通过确保通过电子方式跨越可信边界传输数据来促进与美国的数字贸易，并遵守对商业行为的适当保护。作为该协议附件中所列具体承诺的一部分，印度尼西亚承诺承认..." }, { "date": "14 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs investigation into Roblox over child protection compliance", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/menkomdigi-desak-roblox-perbaiki-sistem-demi-lindungi-anak-indonesia", "description": "On 14 August 2025, the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs (KOMDIGI) requested Roblox, a registered Electronic System Provider (PSE) since 2022, to enhance its platform’s systems to comply with Indonesian child protection regulations. The request follows growing concerns from parents and educators about children’s exposure to inappropriate content and interactions on the platform. KOMDIGI asked Roblox to implement measures such as limiting communication between child users, filterin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信和数字事务部就 Roblox 儿童保护合规问题展开调查", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 14 日，通信和数字事务部 (KOMDIGI) 要求自 2022 年起注册的电子系统提供商 (PSE) Roblox 增强其平台系统，以符合印度尼西亚儿童保护法规。这一要求是在家长和教育工作者越来越担心儿童在平台上接触不当内容和互动的担忧之后提出的。 KOMDIGI 要求 Roblox 采取措施，例如限制儿童用户之间的交流、过滤..." }, { "date": "22 August 2025", "title": "Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs' Guidelines on AI Ethics", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/konsultasi-publik-buku-putih-peta-jalan-kecerdasan-artifisial-nasional-dan-konsep-pedoman-etika-kecerdasan-artifisial", "description": "On 22 August 2025, Indonesia's Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs closes the consultation on the Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics guidelines. The guidelines apply to all AI developers, adopters, and users across sectors, introducing governance structures with role-specific responsibilities for policymakers, developers, and users. The guidelines establish safeguards against algorithmic bias and disinformation, mandatory self-assessment requirements, incident reporting mechanisms,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通信和数字事务部的人工智能道德准则", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 22 日，印度尼西亚通信和数字事务部结束了人工智能 (AI) 道德准则的磋商。该指南适用于跨部门的所有人工智能开发者、采用者和用户，为政策制定者、开发者和用户引入了具有特定角色职责的治理结构。该指南建立了针对算法偏差和虚假信息、强制性自我评估要求、事件报告机制等的保障措施……" }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "Lawsuit challenging constitutionality of cross-border data transfers without public consent or parliamentary approval (Case No. 137/PUU-XXIII/2025)", "url": "https://s.mkri.id/public/content/persidangan/putusan/putusan_mkri_13644_1768797987.pdf", "description": "On 19 January 2026, the Constitutional Court issued a ruling confirming the constitutionality of Article 56 of Personal Data Protection Law over alleged failure to recognise popular sovereignty. The Court rejected all four counts of the petition, holding that the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Law already requires consent for data processing, that the House of Representatives does not need to assess the adequacy of another country's data protection level, that the law already provides a remed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "质疑未经公众同意或议会批准的跨境数据传输合宪性的诉讼（案件编号：137/PUU-XXIII/2025）", "description_zh": "2026年1月19日，宪法法院以未承认人民主权为由，作出裁决，确认《个人信息保护法》第56条的合宪性。法院驳回了请愿书的所有四项指控，认为《个人数据保护（PDP）法》已经要求数据处理必须征得同意，众议院不需要评估另一个国家的数据保护水平是否充分，法律已经提供了补救措施……" }, { "date": "24 January 2026", "title": "Regulation No. 2 of 2024 concerning game classification", "url": "https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/890/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+2+tahun+2024", "description": "On 24 January 2026, Regulation No. 2 of 2024 on game classification (replacing Regulation No. 11 of 2016) enters into force. The regulation establishes a framework for classifying games based on content and user age, aiming to protect the public and align games with Indonesian culture and norms. It provides guidance for publishers in independent classification, for the Ministry in supervision, and for the public in submitting complaints regarding classification discrepancies. Publishers, incl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024年第2号规定关于游戏分级", "description_zh": "2026年1月24日，关于游戏分级的2024年第2号条例（取代2016年第11号条例）生效。该法规建立了一个根据内容和用户年龄对游戏进行分类的框架，旨在保护公众并使游戏符合印度尼西亚的文化和规范。它为出版商进行独立分类、为主管部门的监督以及为公众提交有关分类差异的投诉提供指导。出版商，包括..." }, { "date": "20 October 2025", "title": "Guidance on content removal authority under Electronic Information and Transactions Law", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/berita-komdigi/detail/satu-tahun-prabowo-gibran-komdigi-takedown-konten-negatif-secara-terukur-dan-sesuai-undang-undang", "description": "On 20 October 2025, the Ministry of Communication and Digital issued guidance reaffirming its authority under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law to remove online content. The Law includes obligations for platforms to cooperate in assessments and comply with takedown decisions concerning pornography, gambling, hoaxes, hate speech, bullying, and content threatening national unity. It was stated that the Ministry conducts joint reviews with platforms and law enforcement, with appeal...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "电子信息和交易法下的内容删除权限指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 20 日，通信和数字部发布指南，重申其根据《电子信息和交易法》有权删除在线内容。该法规定平台有义务配合评估并遵守有关色情、赌博、恶作剧、仇恨言论、欺凌和威胁国家统一内容的删除决定。据称，该部与平台和执法部门进行联合审查，并提出上诉..." }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Judicial review of consent standard in Law No. 27 on Personal Data Protection (Case No. 284/PUU-XXIII/2025)", "url": "https://tracking.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.TrackPerkara&id=284%2FPUU-XXIII%2F2025", "description": "On 2 March 2026, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia rejected the petition for judicial review of Article 20(2)(a) of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). The petition challenged the phrase \"explicit valid consent from the Personal Data Subject\" in the PDP Law, on the grounds that the article does not define valid consent, allowing broad interpretation, including the use of click boxes by persons other than the personal data subject. The petitioner had reques...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于个人数据保护的第27号法律同意标准的司法审查（案件编号：284/PUU-XXIII/2025）", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 2 日，印度尼西亚宪法法院驳回了有关个人数据保护的 2022 年第 27 号法律（PDP 法）第 20(2)(a) 条的司法审查请求。请愿书对 PDP 法中的“个人数据主体的明确有效同意”一词提出质疑，理由是该条款没有定义有效同意，允许广义解释，包括个人数据主体以外的人使用点击框。申请人提出要求..." }, { "date": "3 April 2026", "title": "Minister of Communication and Digital investigation of Meta over online gambling, disinformation, slander, and hate speech content on Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp", "url": "https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/siaran-pers/detail/sidak-kantor-meta-menkomdigi-ultimatum-raksasa-teknologi-atas-pembiaran-konten-disinformasi", "description": "On 4 March 2026, the Minister of Communication and Digital conducted an inspection of Meta's operational office in Jakarta over Meta's handling of online gambling, disinformation, slander, and hate speech (DFK) content on Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Government monitoring data recorded Meta's compliance rate in responding to findings of online gambling and DFK content in Indonesia at 28.47%. Meta's user base in Indonesia includes approximately 112 million Facebook users and approximatel...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "通讯和数字部长对 Meta 进行调查，调查 Facebook、Instagram 和 WhatsApp 上的在线赌博、虚假信息、诽谤和仇恨言论内容", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 4 日，通信和数字部长对 Meta 位于雅加达的运营办公室进行了检查，检查 Meta 对 Facebook、Instagram 和 WhatsApp 上在线赌博、虚假信息、诽谤和仇恨言论 (DFK) 内容的处理情况。政府监测数据显示，Meta 对印度尼西亚在线赌博和 DFK 内容调查结果的响应合规率为 28.47%。 Meta 在印度尼西亚的用户群包括约 1.12 亿 Facebook 用户和约..." }, { "title": "Indonesia - UU PDP Enforcement with DPIA for High-Risk AI", "url": "https://www.pertamapartners.com/insights/ai-regulatory-updates-2026", "description": "Indonesia leads enforcement in 2026 with strict UU PDP (Personal Data Protection) compliance requirements, mandating Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for high-risk AI deployments. Indonesia has no dedicated AI Act but uses data protection law to govern AI.", "categories": [ "Data Privacy & Protection", "DPIA", "High-Risk AI" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚 - 针对高风险人工智能，通过 DPIA 执行 UU PDP", "description_zh": "印度尼西亚将在 2026 年率先实施严格的 UU PDP（个人数据保护）合规要求，要求对高风险人工智能部署进行数据保护影响评估（DPIA）。印度尼西亚没有专门的人工智能法案，但使用数据保护法来管理人工智能。" }, { "title": "Indonesia - National AI Regulation Planned", "url": "https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MjI0NjY3NTMyNA", "description": "Indonesia is developing a planned national AI regulation as part of its broader digital economy governance, with the current framework relying on data protection and sector-specific rules.", "categories": [ "National AI Regulation", "Planned" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "印度尼西亚 - 计划制定国家人工智能法规", "description_zh": "印度尼西亚正在制定一项计划中的国家人工智能法规，作为其更广泛的数字经济治理的一部分，当前框架依赖于数据保护和特定部门的规则。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "Southeast Asia AI Dilemma - ASEAN AI Governance", "url": "https://thediplomat.com/2026/04/southeast-asias-ai-dilemma/", "description": "Southeast Asia, including Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia, faces an AI dilemma as the region increasingly grapples with AI as both an economic opportunity and governance challenge. ASEAN is developing regional AI governance guidance.", "categories": [ "ASEAN", "Regional Governance", "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "东南亚人工智能困境 - 东盟人工智能治理", "description_zh": "包括泰国、菲律宾和印度尼西亚在内的东南亚地区面临着人工智能困境，因为该地区越来越多地将人工智能视为经济机遇和治理挑战。东盟正在制定区域人工智能治理指南。" } ], "entry_count": 74, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "360" }, { "id": "INT", "title": "International", "entries": [ { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible AI", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2026/02/oecd-due-diligence-guidance-for", "description": "The OECD published its 2026 Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible AI, providing a practical Responsible AI (RBC) due diligence framework for organizations developing, deploying, or using AI systems. The guidance aligns with OECD AI Principles and provides operational guidance.", "categories": [ "OECD", "Due Diligence", "Responsible AI", "Guidance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "经合组织负责任人工智能尽职调查指南", "description_zh": "OECD 发布了 2026 年负责任人工智能尽职调查指南，为开发、部署或使用人工智能系统的组织提供了实用的负责任人工智能 (RBC) 尽职调查框架。该指南符合经合组织人工智能原则并提供操作指南。" }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "ISO/IEC 42001:2023 AI Management System Implementation Guide 2026", "url": "https://secureprivacy.ai/blog/iso-42001-implementation-guide-2026", "description": "ISO/IEC 42001:2023 defines an AI Management System (AIMS) to govern AI risks across the full lifecycle (design to retirement) using a Plan-Do-Check-Act framework aligned with ISO 27001 structure. Implementation guidance updated for 2026.", "categories": [ "ISO/IEC", "AI Management System", "AIMS", "Certification" ], "document_type": "standard", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ISO/IEC 42001:2023 人工智能管理系统实施指南 2026", "description_zh": "ISO/IEC 42001:2023 定义了一个人工智能管理系统 (AIMS)，使用与 ISO 27001 结构一致的计划-执行-检查-行动框架来管理整个生命周期（设计到退役）的人工智能风险。更新了 2026 年实施指南。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "WHO - Responsible AI for Mental Health and Well-Being", "url": "https://www.who.int/news/item/20-03-2026-towards-responsible-ai-for-mental-he", "description": "The WHO highlighted responsible AI for mental health and well-being, stressing safety, accountability, and human-centered design as AI tools (including generative AI) increasingly interact with mental health services.", "categories": [ "WHO", "Health AI", "Mental Health", "Human-Centered" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "世界卫生组织 - 负责任的人工智能促进心理健康和福祉", "description_zh": "随着人工智能工具（包括生成式人工智能）越来越多地与心理健康服务互动，世界卫生组织强调了负责任的人工智能对心理健康和福祉的影响，强调安全性、问责制和以人为本的设计。" }, { "date": "20 April 2025", "title": "ITU - AI Standards for Global Impact Report", "url": "https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/ai4g/T-AI4G-AI4GOOD-2025-4-PDF-E.pdf", "description": "The ITU report \"AI Standards for Global Impact: From Governance to Action\" captures insights from the AI for Good Global Summit 2025, outlining how AI standards can advance global development and governance.", "categories": [ "ITU", "Standard", "AI for Good", "Global Impact" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国际电联 - 全球影响力报告的人工智能标准", "description_zh": "国际电联的报告《人工智能标准的全球影响力：从治理到行动》汲取了 2025 年人工智能造福全球峰会的见解，概述了人工智能标准如何推动全球发展和治理。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "UN - Global Governance of AI Preparedness", "url": "", "description": "The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) conducted a YouTube briefing on global governance of AI and UN preparedness, examining how prepared the UN system is to coordinate global AI governance.", "categories": [ "UN", "IPU", "Global Governance" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "联合国 - 人工智能准备的全球治理", "description_zh": "各国议会联盟（IPU）就人工智能全球治理和联合国准备情况在 YouTube 上进行了简报，审查了联合国系统协调全球人工智能治理的准备情况。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "IPU - Parliamentary Actions on AI Policy (63 Countries)", "url": "https://www.ipu.org/impact/democracy-and-strong-parliaments/artificial-intell", "description": "The Inter-Parliamentary Union tracks parliamentary actions on AI policy across 63 countries, with updates since February 2025 and latest update on 25 February 2026, highlighting how parliaments are adopting AI-related legislation.", "categories": [ "IPU", "Parliamentary AI", "Legislative Tracking" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "IPU - 关于人工智能政策的议会行动（63 个国家）", "description_zh": "各国议会联盟跟踪 63 个国家的议会在人工智能政策方面的行动，自 2025 年 2 月起进行更新，最新更新于 2026 年 2 月 25 日进行，强调了议会如何通过人工智能相关立法。" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Deepfake Laws - Global Overview", "url": "https://ondato.com/blog/deepfake-laws/", "description": "A global overview of emerging deepfake regulations shows a shift from debate to concrete laws to curb AI-generated deception, with the EU AI Act's Article 50 transparency obligations as a key driver.", "categories": [ "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media", "Global", "Transparency" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "Deepfake 法律 - 全球概览", "description_zh": "对新兴深度造假法规的全球概览显示，遏制人工智能产生的欺骗行为的辩论已从辩论转向具体法律，其中欧盟人工智能法案第 50 条的透明度义务是关键驱动力。" }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "International AI Safety Report 2026", "url": "https://internationalaisafetyreport.org/publication/international-ai-safety-r", "description": "The International AI Safety Report 2026 is an interdisciplinary, international effort led by Yoshua Bengio and global experts, providing a comprehensive assessment of AI safety risks and governance approaches.", "categories": [ "AI Safety", "International Report", "Risk Assessment" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2026 年国际人工智能安全报告", "description_zh": "《2026 年国际人工智能安全报告》是由 Yoshua Bengio 和全球专家领导的跨学科国际工作，对人工智能安全风险和治理方法进行了全面评估。" } ], "entry_count": 8, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "KE", "title": "Kenya", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-05-05", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner investigation into Worldcoin regarding its operations in Kenya", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/5629/eng@2025-05-05", "description": "On 5 May 2025, the High Court in Nairobi ruled on an investigation by the Kenyan Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) into alleged data protection violations by Worldcoin. The Court found that Worldcoin had failed to comply with the mandatory legal requirements for processing sensitive personal data under the Data Protection Act, 2019, amounting to a breach of Kenyan citizens’ constitutional right to privacy. It further held that Worldcoin had collected personal data without obta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "US-Kenya Joint Statement on Cross-Border Data Flows", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/04/joint-statement-harnessing-artificial-intelligence-facilitating-data", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the United States Department of Commerce and the Kenyan Ministry of Information, Communication and the Digital Economy announced the Joint Statement on Cross-Border Data Flows. According to the Joint Statement, the parties announce their intention to cooperate in relation to cross-border data flows.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-24", "title": "US-Kenya cooperation agreement on Artificial Intelligence and Digital Upskilling", "url": "https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2024/04/joint-statement-harnessing-artificial-intelligence-facilitating-data", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the US Department of Commerce and Kenya's Ministry for Information, Communications, and the Digital Economy announced a declaration on AI and Digital Up-skilling. The parties agreed to cooperate in areas such as AI safety, knowledge exchange, and best practices. They aim to engage in AI research and standards development, with support from initiatives such as the US AI Safety Institute, and support the use of AI in key sectors, including agriculture, manufacturing, and heal...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-23", "title": "United States of America-Kenya Joint Leaders' Statement including measures regarding cooperation on digital technologies", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/05/23/united-states-kenya-joint-leaders-statement/", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the White House issued the United States of America-Kenya Joint Leader's Statement, which includes commitments on cooperation in digital technology. Both nations committed to strengthening cooperation on policies concerning technology sectors to support Kenya's digital economy and promote digital inclusion continent-wide. Additionally, the United States recognises Kenya as a crucial partner in strengthening semiconductor supply chains. In particular, the parties are committed...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-02-14", "title": "Data protection regulation in Data Protection (General) Regulations", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/THE-DATA-PROTECTION-GENERAL-REGULATIONS-2021-1.pdf", "description": "On 14 February 2022, the Data Protection (General) Regulations, 2021 entered into force. Provisions include data subjects' rights to access, rectify, erase, and port their personal information, as well as the obligation of data controllers and processors to ensure the security and confidentiality of the data. Specific measures include data minimisation, accuracy checks, and storage limitations. Organisations are required to notify authorities and affected individuals of personal data breaches...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-23", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner Personal Data Protection Handbook", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PERSONAL-DATA-PROTECTION-HANDBOOK.pdf", "description": "On 23 April 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the Personal Data Protection Handbook. The handbook serves as a guide for data controllers, data processors, and data subjects in Kenya to understand and comply with the Data Protection Act, of 2019. It outlines principles of personal data protection, including lawfulness, fairness, transparency, and data minimisation. The handbook defines personal and sensitive data, elaborates on the roles of data controllers an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-28", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner guidance on data protection impact assessment", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-Guidance-Note-on-Data-Protection-Impact-Assessment-1.pdf", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the \"Guidance Note on Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIAs).\" The guidance provides a framework for data controllers and data processors to conduct DPIAs in compliance with the Data Protection Act, 2019. DPIAs are required when processing activities may result in high risks to the rights and freedoms of data subjects. The guidance outlines the steps for carrying out DPIAs, including identifying and assessin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner guidance on consent under Data Protection Act", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-Guidance-Notes-on-Consent.pdf", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the \"Guidance Notes on Consent\" to clarify the requirements for obtaining consent under the Data Protection Act, 2019. The guidance outlines the conditions for valid consent, which must be freely given, informed, specific, and given through an unequivocal action by the data subject. It establishes that consent must be sought before processing personal data, and data controllers and processors are required to pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-01-21", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner alternative dispute resolution framework and guidelines", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ADR-FRAMEWORK-amp-GUIDELINE.pdf", "description": "On 21 January 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the \"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Framework and Guidelines.\" The guidelines aim to provide a structured approach for resolving data protection disputes through conciliation, mediation, and negotiation. The ADR process is voluntary, with disputes being referred to the ODPC at any stage before the issuance of an enforcement notice. The guidelines establish the roles of various stakeholders, including the c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-22", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner guidance on Data Protection Act for digital credit providers", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-Guidance-Note-for-Digital-Credit-Providers.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the \"Guidance Note for Digital Credit Providers\" to provide clarity on data protection obligations for digital lenders under the Data Protection Act, 2019. The guidance highlights the need for digital credit providers (DCPs) to comply with data protection principles, including transparency, fairness, and lawfulness in processing personal data. It emphasises that DCPs must obtain valid consent, ensure data minim...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-22", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner guidance note on the processing of health data", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-Guidance-Note-on-Processing-of-Health-Data.pdf", "description": "On 22 December 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the \"Guidance Note on the Processing of Health Data\" clarifying obligations under the Data Protection Act, 2019. The guidance outlines the principles for lawful processing, including the necessity for consent or legal obligations, and ensures that personal health data is processed transparently and for specified legitimate purposes. The guidance specifies the rights of data subjects, including the right to acc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-02-14", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Data Protection (General) Regulations", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/THE-DATA-PROTECTION-GENERAL-REGULATIONS-2021-1.pdf", "description": "On 14 February 2022, the Data Protection (General) Regulations, 2021 entered into force. According to the regulations, data controllers or processors handling personal data for strategic state interests must process the data through a server and data centre in Kenya or store a copy locally. These strategic interests include civil registration, elections, public finance administration, protected computer systems, education services, and primary or secondary healthcare. The Cabinet Secretary ma...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-15", "title": "Data Protection Commissioner investigation into Ceres Tech Limited over alleged violation of data protection rights", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/ANTONY-MWENDA-vs-CERES-TECH-LIMITED-TA-ROCKETPESA.pdf", "description": "On 15 January 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) issued a ruling against Ceres Tech Limited (RocketPesa) with a fine of KES 700,000 following a complaint from a data subject. The ruling found that the company unlawfully processed the complainant’s personal data by associating them with a loan they had not taken, violating their rights under the Data Protection Act, 2019. Despite being notified, RocketPesa failed to respond to ODPC’s inquiries. The determination concl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "Kenya-United Arab Emirates Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement", "url": "http://libraryir.parliament.go.ke/items/41a608e9-6581-4de1-976e-a5c4a9a7ccf5/full", "description": "On 14 January 2025, the Governments of the Republic of Kenya and the United Arab Emirates signed the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in Abu Dhabi. The CEPA includes provisions on trade in goods, rules of origin, customs procedures and trade facilitation, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, trade remedies, investment, digital trade, government procurement, intellectual property rights, small and medium-sized enterprises, economic cooperation, d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-05", "title": "Government access to data regulation in Finance Bill 2025", "url": "http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-05/THE%20FINANCE%20BILL%202025%20%28Compressed%20Copy%29.pdf", "description": "On 6 May 2025, the Financial Bill 2025 including government access to data regulation was introduced in the National Assembly. The Bill contains a clause which would enable the tax Commissioner of Kenya to require a person to share data relating to trade secrets and/or personal data held on behalf of customers. Clause 52 of the Bill proposes to amend Section 59A by deleting Section 59A(1B) of the Tax Procedures Act. Section 59A(1B) prevents the Commissioner from requiring a person to \"integra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "title": "Order on accession to African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection (Malabo Convention)", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/malabo-1.jpeg", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) of Kenya closes stakeholder consultations on the country’s accession to the African Union Convention on Cyber Security and Personal Data Protection, also referred to as the Malabo Convention. The consultation began on 18 September 2025, following Cabinet approval and involved ministries, departments, and agencies, county governments, the private sector, academia, civil society, professional bodies, the media, and major d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-11-07", "title": "National Communication Policy 2025", "url": "https://ict.go.ke/sites/default/files/2025-10/Draft%20-%20National%20Communication%20Policy%2011th%20Jul%202025.pdf", "description": "On 11 July 2025, the Ministry of Information, Communications, and the Digital Economy, through the State Department for Broadcasting and Telecommunications, released the Draft of the National Communication Policy, pending Cabinet approval. The draft establishes a national framework to harmonise and standardise public communication, promoting structured engagement between government institutions and private sector entities. It mandates the establishment of a National Communication Centre to ac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-06", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner investigation into sectoral compliance with the Data Protection Act, 2019", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/ODPC-Data-Bulletin-14th-Edition.pdf", "description": "On 3 June 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) opened an investigation into sectoral compliance with the Data Protection Act, 2019, focusing on the education, hospitality, and property management sectors. The ODPC initiated nationwide inspections to determine whether organisations have implemented appropriate technical and organisational measures to protect personal data and uphold data subjects’ rights. The investigation aims to assess compliance with statutory obligat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner investigation into Carlcare over alleged use of image without consent", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Miriam-Okwara-Mombo-vs-Carlcare-Services-Ltd-Determination.pdf", "description": "On 21 August 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) issued a determination in a complaint filed against Carlcare Services Limited by Miriam Okwara Mommbo. The complaint, lodged on 23 May 2025 through legal representatives, alleged that Carlcare Services Limited utilised the complainant's image on its social media platforms for commercial purposes without obtaining her knowledge or express consent. The complainant also highlighted that the images remained posted long after...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "National AI Strategy 2025-2030 Implementation Roadmap", "url": "https://ict.go.ke/node/897", "description": "On 31 December 2025, the Central Government announced the Kenya National AI Strategy 2025-2030 Implementation Roadmap to guide the national digital transformation agenda. The strategy outlines 5 strategic priorities aimed at establishing the country as a leading hub for artificial intelligence (AI) development in Africa by 2030. Key actions include building advanced digital infrastructure, such as intelligent data centres and 5G networks, and creating a secure national dataset and Large Langu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Copyright and Related Rights Bill, 2026", "url": "https://copyright.go.ke/sites/default/files/downloads/INVITATION%20FOR%20PUBLIC%20COMMENTS%20ON%20PROPOSED%20COPYRIGHT%20BILL_0.pdf", "description": "On 31 March 2026, the Kenya Copyright Board closes the consultation on the draft Copyright and Related Rights Bill, 2026. The draft bill would require online intermediaries, including internet service providers, social media platforms, online marketplaces, search engines, and video sharing platforms, to remove or disable access to infringing content within 48 hours of receiving a valid takedown notice and to notify the person responsible for the content within 24 hours. A counter-notice proce...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 November 2023", "title": "Registration and Licensing Requirements in Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society Bill", "url": "http://www.parliament.go.ke/sites/default/files/2023-12/Conveyance%20of%20Public%20Petition%20No.%2075%20of%202023%20-%20Enactment%20of%20the%20Kenya%20Robotics%20and%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Society%20Bill%2C%202023.pdf", "description": "On 29 November 2023, the Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society Bill was introduced to the Parliament of Kenya. The Bill establishes the Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society (RSK) aiming to regulate and foster the development of the robotics and AI industry. The RSK will formulate and enforce industry standards and codes of practice and will conduct surveillance and inspections to ensure compliance with standards and legislation on robotics and AI. More specifically,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会法案的注册和许可要求", "description_zh": "2023 年 11 月 29 日，《肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会法案》被提交给肯尼亚议会。该法案成立了肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会（RSK），旨在规范和促进机器人和人工智能行业的发展。 RSK 将制定和执行行业标准和行为准则，并将进行监督和检查，以确保遵守机器人和人工智能的标准和立法。更具体地说，..." }, { "date": "14 July 2022", "title": "Data Protection (Registration of Data Controllers and Data Processors) Regulations", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/THE-DATA-PROTECTION-REGISTRATION-OF-DATA-CONTROLLERS-AND-DATA-PROCESSORS-REGULATIONS-2021.pdf", "description": "On 14 July 2022, the Data Protection (Registration of Data Controllers and Data Processors) Regulations, 2021 entered into force. The regulations establish the procedure for registering data controllers and data processors in accordance with the Data Protection Act (No. 24 of 2019). The regulations detail the requirements for registration, the application submission process, and the issuance of registration certificates. The regulations classify data controllers and processors into categories...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护（数据控制者和数据处理者的注册）法规", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 14 日，2021 年数据保护（数据控制者和数据处理者注册）条例生效。该法规规定了根据《数据保护法》（2019 年第 24 号）注册数据控制者和数据处理者的程序。该条例详细规定了注册要求、申请提交流程和注册证书的颁发。该法规将数据控制者和处理者分为以下几类......" }, { "date": "14 February 2022", "title": "Data Protection (Complaints Handling and Enforcement Procedures) Regulations", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/THE-DATA-PROTECTION-COMPLAINTS-HANDLING-AND-ENFORCEMENT.pdf", "description": "On 14 February 2022, the Data Protection (Complaints Handling and Enforcement Procedures) Regulations, 2021 entered into force. The regulations establish the procedure for lodging, admission, and response to complaints filed under the Data Protection Act (No. 24 of 2019). They outline the process for the Data Commissioner to handle complaints, including registration, investigation, and resolution through alternative dispute resolution mechanisms such as negotiation and mediation. Additionally...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护（投诉处理和执行程序）条例", "description_zh": "2022 年 2 月 14 日，2021 年数据保护（投诉处理和执行程序）条例生效。该法规规定了根据《数据保护法》（2019 年第 24 号）提出的投诉的提交、入场和答复程序。他们概述了数据专员处理投诉的流程，包括登记、调查和通过谈判和调解等替代争议解决机制解决。此外..." }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "ODPC Data Protection (Conduct of Compliance Audit) Regulations, 2024", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/24-06-2024-The-Data-Protection-Compliance-audit-Regulations-2024_.pdf", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) closes its public consultation on the draft Data Protection (Conduct of Compliance Audit) Regulations. The draft regulations provide a framework for conducting data protection audits to assess compliance with the Data Protection Act, 2019. The draft regulations establish procedures for initiating audits, accreditation of data protection auditors, and the responsibilities of data controllers, data processors, and auditors...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ODPC 数据保护（合规审计行为）法规，2024 年", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 6 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 结束了关于数据保护（合规审计实施）条例草案的公众咨询。该法规草案提供了进行数据保护审计的框架，以评估 2019 年《数据保护法》的遵守情况。该法规草案规定了启动审计的程序、数据保护审计员的认证以及数据控制者、数据处理者和审计员的职责……" }, { "date": "1 June 2025", "title": "ODPC Data Sharing Code", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/24-06-2024-Guidance-Note-Data-Sharing-Code-Draft-8.pdf", "description": "On 6 January 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) closes its public consultation on the draft Data Sharing Code. The draft code provides a framework for responsible and ethical data-sharing practices within both the private and public sectors. It addresses principles such as lawfulness, fairness, transparency, and data minimisation while outlining the legal basis and scope for data sharing. The draft code details the responsibilities of entities involved in data transfe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "ODPC 数据共享代码", "description_zh": "2025 年 1 月 6 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 结束了关于数据共享准则草案的公众咨询。该准则草案为私营和公共部门内负责任和道德的数据共享实践提供了一个框架。它阐述了合法性、公平性、透明度和数据最小化等原则，同时概述了数据共享的法律依据和范围。该草案详细说明了参与数据传输的实体的职责..." }, { "date": "4 November 2023", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner investigation into Whitepath Company Limited for alleged breaches of data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ODPC-issues-penalty-notice-against-whitepath.pdf", "description": "On 11 April 2023, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) issued a penalty notice imposing a penalty of KES 5 million against Whitepath Company Limited for non-compliance with an enforcement notice served on 10 January 2023. With nearly 150 complaints received, Whitepath was found to have accessed users' mobile phone contacts and sent unsolicited text messages, as well as harassed complainants and their contacts. Whitepath is required to pay the penalty, as per Section 63 of the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护专员办公室对 Whitepath Company Limited 涉嫌违反数据保护法规的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 11 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 发布了一份处罚通知，对 Whitepath Company Limited 处以 500 万肯尼亚先令的罚款，原因是其未遵守 2023 年 1 月 10 日送达的执行通知。在收到近 150 起投诉后，Whitepath 被发现访问用户的手机联系人并发送未经请求的短信，并骚扰投诉人及其联系人。根据《刑法》第 63 条，Whitepath 需要支付罚款。" }, { "date": "14 July 2022", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner notice on registration commencement for data controllers and data processors", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/COMMENCEMENT-OF-REGISTRATION.pdf", "description": "On 14 July 2022, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) issued a Statement on Registration Commencement for Data Controllers and Data Processors. The Data Protection (Registration of Data Controllers and Data Processor) Regulations, 2021 were published in the Kenya Gazette on 14 January 2022 and are set to come into effect today 14 July 2022. The ODPC noted that following this date, there will be a statutory requirement for any data controller and data processor processing (inc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护专员办公室关于数据控制者和数据处理者开始注册的通知", "description_zh": "2022 年 7 月 14 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 发布了关于数据控制者和数据处理者开始注册的声明。 2021 年《数据保护（数据控制者和数据处理者注册）条例》于 2022 年 1 月 14 日在肯尼亚公报上发布，将于 2022 年 7 月 14 日生效。ODPC 指出，在此日期之后，将对任何数据控制者和数据处理者处理（包括..." }, { "date": "12 November 2024", "title": "Ministry of Information, Communications and Digital Economy's Cloud Policy", "url": "https://ict.go.ke/sites/default/files/2024-12/Kenya%20Cloud%20Policy%20-%202024.pdf", "description": "On 11 December 2024, the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy (MICDE) issued the Kenya Cloud Policy (2024). The policy emphasises transitioning from traditional on-premises data centres to cloud infrastructure, aiming to achieve cost savings, improved cybersecurity, scalability, and global reach. It addresses limited resources, security risks, and compliance issues while promoting data residency, sovereignty, and localisation. The policy provides guidelines for new ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "信息通信和数字经济部的云政策", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 11 日，信息、通信和数字经济部 (MICDE) 发布了肯尼亚云政策 (2024)。该政策强调从传统的本地数据中心向云基础设施转型，旨在节省成本、提高网络安全性、可扩展性和全球影响力。它解决了有限的资源、安全风险和合规性问题，同时促进数据驻留、主权和本地化。该政策为新..." }, { "date": "22 September 2020", "title": "KRA Policy Brief on Taxing the Digital Economy in Kenya", "url": "https://www.kra.go.ke/images/publications/Policy-Brief---Taxing-the-Digital-Economy-in-Kenya.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2020, the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) issued the Policy Brief on Taxing the Digital Economy in Kenya. It clarifies that the Digital Service Tax (DST) is set at 1.5% of the gross transaction value, and applies income from digital services derived from or accrued in Kenya through digital marketplaces. This tax applies to both resident and non-resident entities, with non-residents required to register if their services are consumed in Kenya. The DST is part of Kenya's efforts t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KRA 关于肯尼亚数字经济征税的政策简报", "description_zh": "2020 年 9 月 22 日，肯尼亚税务局 (KRA) 发布了关于肯尼亚数字经济征税的政策简报。它澄清了数字服务税 (DST) 的税率为总交易价值的 1.5%，适用于通过数字市场在肯尼亚产生或产生的数字服务收入。该税适用于居民和非居民实体，非居民如果在肯尼亚消费其服务，则需要进行登记。夏令时是肯尼亚努力的一部分..." }, { "date": "11 April 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act, 2025", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/act/2025/17/eng@2025-11-04", "description": "On 4 November 2025, the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Amendment) Act, 2025, enters into force. The amendment modifies Section 6 of the principal Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act, granting the National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Committee (NC4) explicit authority to issue directives requiring the blocking of websites or applications within Kenya. Specifically, the Act gives courts the power to order the removal of digital content and the closing of computer systems in connecti...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年《计算机滥用和网络犯罪（修正案）法》中的内容审核规定", "description_zh": "2025 年《计算机滥用和网络犯罪（修正案）法》于 2025 年 11 月 4 日生效。该修正案修改了主要《计算机滥用和网络犯罪法》第 6 条，明确授权国家计算机和网络犯罪协调委员会 (NC4) 发布要求封锁肯尼亚境内网站或应用程序的指令。具体来说，该法案赋予法院权力下令删除数字内容并关闭与之相关的计算机系统。" }, { "date": "20 January 2022", "title": "National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Committee order on Designation of Critical Infrastructure", "url": "https://nc4.go.ke/the-kenya-gazette/", "description": "On 20 January 2022, the National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Committee (NC4) adopted an order on the designation of critical infrastructure systems under the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes Act, 2018. The NC4 designated various systems across multiple sectors as critical infrastructure. These sectors include telecommunications, electoral, judicial, education, health, food, water, land, energy, transport, industry, banking, finance, defence, security, and public safety. Specific syst...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家计算机和网络犯罪协调委员会关于指定关键基础设施的命令", "description_zh": "2022 年 1 月 20 日，国家计算机和网络犯罪协调委员会 (NC4) 根据 2018 年《计算机滥用和网络犯罪法》通过了一项关于指定关键基础设施系统的命令。NC4 将跨多个部门的各种系统指定为关键基础设施。这些部门包括电信、选举、司法、教育、卫生、食品、水、土地、能源、运输、工业、银行、金融、国防、安全和公共安全。具体系统..." }, { "date": "7 December 2024", "title": "Protection of Critical Infrastructure Bill (Senate Bill No. 38 of 2024)", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/bill/senate/2024/38/eng@2024-07-12/source", "description": "On 12 July 2024, the Kenyan Senate introduced the Protection of Critical Infrastructure Bill, 2024 (Senate Bill No. 38 of 2024). The Bill establishes the Critical Infrastructure Protection Committee and the Critical Infrastructure Protection Secretariat to formulate policy guidelines, oversee security measures, and maintain a national database of critical infrastructure. It outlines procedures for designating and revoking critical infrastructure status, mandates service continuity plans, and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关键基础设施保护法案（2024 年第 38 号参议院法案）", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 12 日，肯尼亚参议院提出了《2024 年关键基础设施保护法案》（2024 年第 38 号参议院法案）。该法案设立了关键基础设施保护委员会和关键基础设施保护秘书处，负责制定政策指南、监督安全措施并维护国家关键基础设施数据库。它概述了指定和撤销关键基础设施状态的程序，规定了服务连续性计划，并......" }, { "date": "22 October 2024", "title": "Critical Infrastructure Protection Bill", "url": "https://interior.go.ke/node/543", "description": "On 22 October 2024, the Ministry of Interior and National Administration closed the public consultation period for the Draft Critical Infrastructure Protection Bill, 2024, which commenced on 27 September 2024. During the consultation, stakeholders and the public were invited to provide feedback on the Bill, which focuses on establishing the National Critical Infrastructure Protection Committee, creating a national database for critical infrastructure assets, and enhancing coordination among s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "关键基础设施保护法案", "description_zh": "2024年10月22日，内政部和国家行政部结束了2024年关键基础设施保护法案草案的公众咨询期，该法案于2024年9月27日开始。在咨询期间，利益相关者和公众被邀请对该法案提供反馈，该法案的重点是建立国家关键基础设施保护委员会、创建关键基础设施资产国家数据库以及加强各部门之间的协调。" }, { "date": "2 September 2024", "title": "Measures establishing Cybersecurity Operations Centres in Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Critical Information Infrastructure and Cybercrime Management) Regulations, 2024", "url": "https://nc4.go.ke/the-computer-misuse-and-cybercrime-criticalinformation-infrastructure-and-cybercrimemanagement-regulations-2024/", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Computer Misuse and Cybercrimes (Critical Information Infrastructure and Cybercrime Management) Regulations, 2024, entered into force to provide a framework for monitoring, detecting, and responding to cybersecurity threats in Kenya’s cyberspace. The regulations establish Cybersecurity Operations Centres, including the National Cybersecurity Operations Centre, Sector Cybersecurity Operations Centres, and Critical Information Infrastructure Cybersecurity Operations Cent...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "建立计算机滥用和网络犯罪网络安全运营中心的措施（关键信息基础设施和网络犯罪管理）条例，2024 年", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 9 日，《2024 年计算机滥用和网络犯罪（关键信息基础设施和网络犯罪管理）条例》生效，为监测、检测和响应肯尼亚网络空间的网络安全威胁提供了框架。 《条例》设立网络安全运行中心，包括国家网络安全运行中心、部门网络安全运行中心、关键信息基础设施网络安全运行中心……" }, { "date": "13 June 2024", "title": "Testing requirement in Bureau of Standards Code of Practice for AI Applications (DKS 3007:2024)", "url": "https://www.kebs.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Public-Review-Kenya-Standard-DKS-3007_AI-Code-of-Practice-1.pdf?form=MG0AV3&form=MG0AV3", "description": "On 13 June 2024, the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) closes the public consultation period for the Draft Kenya Standard titled “Information Technology — Artificial Intelligence (AI) — Code of Practice for AI Applications” (DKS 3007:2024). The draft, which was open for review from 8 April 2024, outlined a framework for the responsible development and deployment of AI systems. It addresses areas such as trustworthiness, risk management, and ethical considerations, referencing international sta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "标准局人工智能应用实践守则 (DKS 3007:2024) 中的测试要求", "description_zh": "2024 年 6 月 13 日，肯尼亚标准局 (KEBS) 结束了题为“信息技术 — 人工智能 (AI) — 人工智能应用实践守则”(DKS 3007:2024) 的肯尼亚标准草案的公众咨询期。该草案于 2024 年 4 月 8 日开放供审查，概述了负责任地开发和部署人工智能系统的框架。它涉及可信度、风险管理和道德考虑等领域，并参考了国际标准..." }, { "date": "4 March 2025", "title": "Ethiopian Researchers and Katiba Institute lawsuit against Meta for alleged incitement to violence and hate speech on platform", "url": "https://katibainstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/TEKLE-FISSEHA-MENGISTU-AND-KATIBA-INSTITUTE-AND-1-OTHERS-VS-GLOBAL.pdf", "description": "On 3 April 2025, the High Court of Kenya ruled that a constitutional petition brought against Meta by two Ethiopian nationals and the Katiba Institute could proceed, dismissing Meta’s application to strike out the case on jurisdictional grounds. The petition, originally filed on 14 December 2022, alleges that Meta’s Facebook platform contributed to the dissemination of harmful and inflammatory content during the conflict in Ethiopia, citing the role of the platform’s algorithm and the adequac...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "埃塞俄比亚研究人员和卡蒂巴研究所对 Meta 提起诉讼，指控其在平台上煽动暴力和仇恨言论", "description_zh": "2025 年 4 月 3 日，肯尼亚高等法院裁定两名埃塞俄比亚国民和卡蒂巴研究所针对 Meta 提起的宪法请愿书可以继续进行，并驳回 Meta 以管辖权为由驳回此案的申请。请愿书最初于 2022 年 12 月 14 日提交，指控 Meta 的 Facebook 平台在埃塞俄比亚冲突期间助长了有害和煽动性内容的传播，并援引了该平台算法的作用以及适当的措施。" }, { "date": "5 February 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in the Kenya Cloud Policy, 2025", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/officialGazette/2025-05-02/83/eng@2025-05-02/source", "description": "On 2 May 2025, the Kenya Cloud Policy, 2025 became effective following its publication in the Kenya Gazette. This policy, in line with the Kenya Information and Communication Act, includes provisions to ensure that all cloud deployments comply with the Data Protection Act (2019), the Children’s Act (2022), and related laws. It mandates the implementation of data security and privacy controls in line with international standards, including ISO 27017 and ISO 27018.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年肯尼亚云政策中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 2 日，《2025 年肯尼亚云政策》在《肯尼亚公报》上发布后生效。该政策符合《肯尼亚信息和通信法》，包括确保所有云部署符合《数据保护法》(2019 年)、《儿童法》(2022 年) 和相关法律的规定。它要求按照国际标准（包括 ISO 27017 和 ISO 27018）实施数据安全和隐私控制。" }, { "date": "25 June 2025", "title": "Insurance Regulatory Authority Guidance Note on Cybersecurity for the Insurance Industry (Circular No. IC & RE 11/2025)", "url": "https://www.ira.go.ke/resource/guidance-note-on-cybersecurity-for-the-insurance-industry/", "description": "On 25 June 2025, the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) issued Circular No. IC & RE 11/2025 (Ref: CFN/IRA/00/001/03), titled “Guidance Note on Cybersecurity for the Insurance Industry”, pursuant to sections 3A(a), (b), and (g) of the Insurance Act, CAP. 487 Laws of Kenya. The Guidance Note applies to all licensed insurance and reinsurance companies, with the objective of enhancing cyber resilience, information integrity, and data protection across the sector. It sets out minimum standards f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保险监管局关于保险业网络安全的指导说明（通告编号 IC & RE 11/2025）", "description_zh": "2025 年 6 月 25 日，保险监管局 (IRA) 根据《保险法》CAP 第 3A(a)、(b) 和 (g) 条发布了题为“保险业网络安全指导说明”的 IC & RE 11/2025 号通知（参考号：CFN/IRA/00/001/03）。 487 肯尼亚法律。该指导说明适用于所有持牌保险和再保险公司，旨在增强整个行业的网络弹性、信息完整性和数据保护。它规定了最低标准..." }, { "date": "7 April 2025", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner's Strategic Plan (2025-2029) focusing on strengthening data protection regulation", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ODPC-Strategic-Plan-2025-2029.pdf", "description": "On 4 July 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted the Strategic Plan 2025–2029 to guide institutional priorities and regulatory actions on personal data protection in Kenya. The Plan seeks to strengthen data protection regulation under the Data Protection Act 2019, aligning with national development frameworks, including Vision 2030 and the Bottom-up Economic Transformational Agenda. The Plan applies to all entities processing personal data across Kenya's public an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护专员办公室战略计划（2025-2029）重点加强数据保护监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 4 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 通过了《2025-2029 年战略计划》，以指导肯尼亚个人数据保护的机构优先事项和监管行动。该计划旨在根据《2019 年数据保护法》加强数据保护监管，与国家发展框架（包括 2030 年愿景和自下而上的经济转型议程）保持一致。该计划适用于肯尼亚公共和公共场所处理个人数据的所有实体。" }, { "date": "10 July 2025", "title": "Income Tax (Significant Economic Presence Tax) Regulations, 2025", "url": "https://www.kra.go.ke/news-center/public-notices/2299-draft-income-tax-significant-economic-presence-tax-regulations,-2025", "description": "On 7 October 2025, the Revenue Authority (KRA), on behalf of the Cabinet Secretary for the National Treasury and Economic Planning, closed the consultation on the Draft Income Tax (Significant Economic Presence Tax) Regulations, 2025. Developed under Section 12E(6) of the Income Tax Act (Cap. 470) and the Statutory Instruments Act (Cap. 2A), the draft Regulations outline a taxation regime for non-resident persons deriving income in Kenya through internet-based or digital marketplace services....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年所得税（重大经济存在税）条例", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 7 日，税务局 (KRA) 代表国家财政和经济规划内阁秘书结束了关于 2025 年所得税（重大经济存在税）条例草案的磋商。该条例草案根据《所得税法》（第 470 章）第 12E(6) 条和《法定文书法》（第 2A 章）制定，概述了非居民个人的税收制度通过基于互联网或数字市场服务在肯尼亚获得收入......" }, { "date": "11 June 2025", "title": "Guidance on processing of biometric data", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ODPC-%E2%80%93-Guidance-Note-on-Biometric-Data.pdf", "description": "On 6 November 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted a guidance note on the processing of biometric data. The guidance note, issued under the Data Protection Act, 2019, and the Data Protection (General) Regulations, 2021, sets out regulatory requirements and good practices for the lawful processing of biometric personal data across public and private sectors. It details the lawful bases for processing under Section 30 of the Act, including consent, contractual per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "生物识别数据处理指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 6 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 通过了关于生物识别数据处理的指导说明。该指导说明根据 2019 年《数据保护法》和 2021 年《数据保护（一般）条例》发布，规定了公共和私营部门合法处理个人生物识别数据的监管要求和良好实践。它详细说明了根据该法案第 30 条进行处理的合法依据，包括同意、合同条款……" }, { "date": "11 June 2025", "title": "Guidance on processing personal data by micro, small, and medium enterprises", "url": "https://www.odpc.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/ODPC-%E2%80%93-Guidance-Note-on-Processing-by-MSMEs.pdf", "description": "On 6 November 2025, the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) adopted a guidance note on processing personal data by micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The guidance note, prepared under the Data Protection Act, 2019, and its subsidiary regulations, aimed to simplify compliance obligations for MSMEs that often operate with limited financial and technical resources. It provided practical templates, checklists, and basic security recommendations to guide MSMEs in lawful da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中小微企业个人数据处理指南", "description_zh": "2025 年 11 月 6 日，数据保护专员办公室 (ODPC) 通过了关于微型、小型和中型企业 (MSME) 处理个人数据的指导说明。该指导说明根据 2019 年《数据保护法》及其附属法规制定，旨在简化财务和技术资源有限的中小微企业的合规义务。它提供了实用的模板、清单和基本安全建议，以指导中小微企业开展合法活动。" }, { "date": "26 May 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning unauthorised publication of personal data on digital platforms (Ndung'u and another v Wachira and another / Constitutional Petition E047 of 2025)", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/7265/eng%402025-05-26", "description": "On 26 May 2025, the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi delivered its ruling in Constitutional Petition E047 of 2025, upholding the Preliminary Objection dated 21 February 2025. The Court found that the petitioners had not exhausted statutory and administrative remedies before the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner or the Media Council of Kenya, and that the dispute was a private civil matter not meeting the constitutional threshold. Applying the doctrines of exhaustion and constitutional ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于在数字平台上未经授权发布个人数据的诉讼（Ndung'u 等人诉 Wachira 等人/2025 年宪法请愿书 E047）", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 26 日，肯尼亚内罗毕高等法院在 2025 年宪法请愿书 E047 中作出裁决，维持 2025 年 2 月 21 日的初步反对意见。法院认为，请愿人尚未在数据保护专员办公室或肯尼亚媒体委员会面前用尽法定和行政补救措施，且该争议是不符合宪法门槛的私人民事事项。应用用尽原则和宪法原则......" }, { "date": "18 July 2025", "title": "Lawsuit concerning mandatory disclosure of International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) data (Katiba Institute v Communications Authority of Kenya, Kenya Revenue Authority, and others / Petition E647 of 2024)", "url": "https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/10568/eng@2025-07-18/source", "description": "On 18 July 2025, the High Court of Kenya at Nairobi, Constitutional and Human Rights Division, delivered judgment in Katiba Institute v State Law Office and others (Petition E647 of 2024) concerning the lawfulness of mandatory IMEI registration. The Court held that an IMEI number, when associated with an identifiable subscriber or importer, qualifies as personal data under Section 2 of the Data Protection Act (2019). It found that the Communications Authority of Kenya and the Kenya Revenue Au...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于强制披露国际移动设备身份 (IMEI) 数据的诉讼（Katiba Institute v 肯尼亚通信管理局、肯尼亚税务局等/2024 年 E647 号请愿书）", "description_zh": "2025 年 7 月 18 日，肯尼亚内罗毕高等法院宪法和人权司就卡蒂巴研究所诉国家法律办公室等人案（2024 年 E647 号请愿书）做出了关于强制 IMEI 注册合法性的判决。法院认为，根据《数据保护法》（2019 年）第 2 条，IMEI 号码与可识别的订户或进口商相关联时，属于个人数据。调查发现，肯尼亚通信管理局和肯尼亚税务局..." }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Directive on use of digital certification services by critical information infrastructure (CII) providers", "url": "", "description": "On 1 January 2026, a Directive on the use of digital certification services by Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) providers enters into force. It requires designated CII systems in sectors such as telecommunications, banking, and healthcare to use digital certificates and Public Key Infrastructure services exclusively from licensed and accredited Electronic Certification Service Providers. The Directive follows a determination by the National Computer and Cybercrimes Coordination Commi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于关键信息基础设施 (CII) 提供商使用数字认证服务的指令", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，关于关键信息基础设施 (CII) 提供商使用数字认证服务的指令生效。它要求电信、银行和医疗保健等行业的指定 CII 系统只能使用来自获得许可和认可的电子认证服务提供商的数字证书和公钥基础设施服务。该指令是根据国家计算机和网络犯罪协调委员会的决定制定的……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Kenya - Proposed AI Law Following EU Risk Framework", "url": "https://kenyanwallstreet.com/kenya-proposed-ai-law", "description": "Kenya is developing an AI law that aligns with the European Union's risk-based framework, signaling a move toward stricter oversight of AI systems. The proposed Kenyan framework emphasizes high-risk AI classification, transparency, and accountability.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "EU Alignment", "Risk-Based" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "肯尼亚 - 根据欧盟风险框架提出人工智能法", "description_zh": "肯尼亚正在制定一项与欧盟基于风险的框架相一致的人工智能法，这标志着对人工智能系统进行更严格监管的举措。拟议的肯尼亚框架强调高风险人工智能分类、透明度和问责制。" }, { "title": "Guide on the Use of Social Media and the Internet for Media Practice in Kenya (Media Council of Kenya draft)", "url": "https://www.oic.go.ke/legislation/data-protection-act-2019/", "description": "AI law in Kenya: A draft guidance document prepared by the Media Council of Kenya to set ethical and professional standards for journalists, media houses and media practitioners when using social media, online platforms and internet‑enabled tools. The Guide addresses verification, attribution, privacy, data governance, AI and platform compliance and is out for public comment (January 2025)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "肯尼亚社交媒体和互联网媒体实践指南（肯尼亚媒体委员会草案）", "description_zh": "肯尼亚人工智能法：肯尼亚媒体委员会编写的指导文件草案，旨在为记者、媒体机构和媒体从业人员在使用社交媒体、在线平台和互联网工具时制定道德和专业标准。该指南涉及验证、归属、隐私、数据治理、人工智能和平台合规性，并已公开征求意见（2025 年 1 月）......" }, { "title": "Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society Bill 2023", "url": "https://www.parliament.go.ke/index.php/node/24795", "description": "AI law in Kenya: The Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society Bill 2023 proposes creation of a statutory Kenya Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Society to promote, standardise and regulate robotics and AI activity in Kenya. The Bill sets out governance structures, registration and licensing requirements, standards-setting powers, enforcement measures and sanctions; it has met strong opposition from industry stakeholders and has been paused pending further consultation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会法案", "description_zh": "肯尼亚的人工智能法：《2023 年肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会法案》提议成立一个法定的肯尼亚机器人和人工智能协会，以促进、标准化和规范肯尼亚的机器人和人工智能活动。该法案规定了治理结构、注册和许可要求、标准制定权力、执行措施和制裁；它遭到了行业利益相关者的强烈反对，并已暂停，等待进一步协商......" }, { "title": "Motion on the Formulation of a Regulatory Framework on Artificial Intelligence (National Assembly Motion)", "url": "https://www.parliament.go.ke/node/24088", "description": "AI law in Kenya: The National Assembly of Kenya adopted a motion directing the Government — through the Ministry of Information, Communications and the Digital Economy — to formulate a regulatory framework and ethical guidelines for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and to develop and execute a public awareness programme on AI. The motion was moved by Hon. Marianne Kitany, debated on 18 June 2025 and formally agreed to in late June 2025....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于制定人工智能监管框架的议案（国会动议）", "description_zh": "肯尼亚的人工智能法：肯尼亚国民议会通过了一项动议，指示政府通过信息、通信和数字经济部制定人工智能（AI）的监管框架和道德准则，并制定和执行人工智能的公众意识计划。这项议案是由议员动议的。 Marianne Kitany，于 2025 年 6 月 18 日进行辩论，并于 2025 年 6 月下旬正式同意......" } ], "entry_count": 50, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "404" }, { "id": "NG", "title": "Nigeria", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-01-01", "title": "Risk-Based Cybersecurity Framework and Guidelines for Other Financial Institutions", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2022/OFISD/Letter%20to%20all%20OFIs%20Issuance%20of%20Risk-Based%20Cybersecurity%20Framework%20and%20Guidelines%20for%20Other%20Financial%20Institutions.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2023, the Central Bank of Nigeria's Risk-Based Cybersecurity Framework and Guidelines for Other Financial Institutions, applicable to all entities defined as Other Financial Institutions (OFIs), have been implemented. The Guidelines set out the cybersecurity rules applicable to OFIs, defining the cybersecurity governance responsibilities of the various position-holders in an organisation, including the Board of Directors, Senior Management, and the Chief Information Security Offi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-06", "title": "Personal data protection regulation in Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37)", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/ngcert/resources/Nigeria_Data_Protection_Act_2023.pdf", "description": "On 12 June 2023, the Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37), which outlines data protection regulations, entered into force. The Act outlines data subjects' rights, including the rights to access, correction, deletion, objection, withdraw consent, data portability, and not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing of personal data. Furthermore, the Act outlines obligations for data controllers, such as processing personal data in a fair, lawful and transparent manner, c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-06", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37)", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/ngcert/resources/Nigeria_Data_Protection_Act_2023.pdf", "description": "On 12 June 2023, the Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37) entered into force. The Act establishes the Nigeria Data Protection Commission, which has the power to enforce the Act's obligations. The Act also lays out procedures for investigations and applicable penalties in the case of violations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-06", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37)", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/ngcert/resources/Nigeria_Data_Protection_Act_2023.pdf", "description": "On 12 June 2023, the Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37), which outlines cybersecurity obligations, entered into force. The Act requires data controllers and processors to implement cybersecurity measures proportionate to the amount and type of personal data being processed and the manner of processing. The Act requires data controllers and processors to notify the Nigeria Data Protection Commission and affected data subjects of relevant breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-21", "title": "NDPC investigation into Fidelity Bank for alleged data protection regulation breach", "url": "https://von.gov.ng/nigerian-government-fines-fidelity-bank-n555-8m-for-data-breach/", "description": "On 21 August 2024, the Nigerian Data Protection Commissioned (NDPC) issued a fine of NGN 555.8 million in its investigation into Fidelity Bank for breach of the Nigerian Data Protection Act. In particular, the NPDC found that Fidelity Bank processed personal data without data subject consent and used non-compliant third-party data processors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "Consumer protection requirements in National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill, 2024", "url": "https://fmcide.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/National%20Digital%20Economy%20and%20E-Governance%20Bill%2C%202024%20-%20Draft.pdf", "description": "On 4 July 2024, National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill, 2024 (SB 498) passed its first reading. The Bill requires service providers or vendors to provide clear and accessible information, including their name, address, email, and telephone number. Consumers are granted the right to cancel contracts before processing. It mandates compliance with data protection standards for personal information collected during transactions and requires the disclosure of detailed terms, conditions, an...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "Service provider regulation in National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill, 2024", "url": "https://fmcide.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/National%20Digital%20Economy%20and%20E-Governance%20Bill%2C%202024%20-%20Draft.pdf", "description": "On 4 July 2024, National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill, 2024 (SB 498) passed its first reading. The Bill requires service providers to meet specified standards for interoperability, scalability, and the use of approved government ICT resources in public procurement processes. It also includes provisions for the adoption of sandboxes to test emerging technologies.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-08-03", "title": "National Policy for the Promotion of Indigenous Content in the Nigerian Telecommunications Sector", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/National-Policy-for-the-Promotion-of-Indigenous-Content-2.pdf", "description": "On 8 March 2021, the Federal Ministry of Communications and Digital Economy issued the National Policy for the Promotion of Indigenous Content in the Nigerian Telecommunications Sector. The policy encourages indigenous sector involvement in the manufacturing of telecommunications equipment, such as SIM cards, smartphones and fibre optic cables, as well as the development of indigenous software and services. The policy aligns with the National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (NDEPS) and th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-17", "title": "Central Bank of Nigeria circular on withdrawing guidance on collection and remittance of the national cybersecurity levy", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/WITHDRAWAL%20CIRCULAR%20ON%20CYBERSECURITY%20LEVY%2017052024.pdf", "description": "On 17 May 2024, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) adopted circular Ref: PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/005, withdrawing the previous circular Ref: PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/004 on the National Cybersecurity Levy. The withdrawn circular required financial institutions to start deductions by 19 May 2024 and complete system reconfigurations within four to eight weeks, with a 0.5% levy on electronic transactions funding the National Cybersecurity Fund (NCF).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-25", "title": "Designation and Protection of Critical National Information Infrastructure Order, 2024", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/ngcert/resources/cnii-gazette.pdf", "description": "On 25 June 2024, the Designation and Protection of Critical National Information Infrastructure Order 2024 was published in the official gazette and subsequently implemented, establishing cybersecurity measures across 13 economic sectors. The Order designates specific computer systems, networks and communication infrastructure as Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII), placing them under enhanced protection and oversight by the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA). The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-10", "title": "National Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Sciences (Establishment) Bill (HB 601)", "url": "https://fmino.gov.ng/summary-of-plenary-proceedings-of-the-house-of-representatives-for-thursday-october-12-2023/", "description": "On 12 October 2023, the National Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Sciences (Establishment) Bill (HB 601) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill would establish a regulatory framework for the development and deployment of artificial intelligence and robotics, set standards for ethical AI use, and promote research and innovation in the sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-25", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Child Online Access Protection Bill, 2023 (HB 244)", "url": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/billdownload/11085.pdf", "description": "On 25 July 2023, Child Online Access Protection Bill, 2023 (HB 244) passed its first reading. The proposed Bill establishes a framework to address and prevent harms caused by serious online abuse, illegal content, and restricted material. It mandates Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to block access to content depicting violent conduct and regulate illegal or restricted material, irrespective of its hosting location. The Bill also requires the removal of intimate images and videos shared onli...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-06-07", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Multichoice over alleged data protection violations", "url": "", "description": "On 6 July 2025, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) fined Multichoice Nigeria NGN 766,242,500 for violating the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDP Act). The ruling applies to Multichoice Nigeria, an entertainment and broadcasting provider that processes personal data of subscribers and others. NDPC’s investigation, launched in the second quarter of 2024, found that Multichoice engaged in intrusive and disproportionate data processing and carried out illegal cross-border transfers of N...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "title": "Nigerian Communications Commission review of Internet Code of Practice 2019", "url": "https://www.ncc.gov.ng/media/2478/view", "description": "On 29 August 2025, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) closes the public consultation on the review of the Internet Code of Practice 2019. The review sets out seven areas for reform. These include the governance of offensive and misleading content such as deep fakes, misinformation and incitement, with stronger safeguards for child online protection. They also cover governance principles for online platforms and parameters for international cooperation, as well as measures to ensure ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into compliance with Data Protection Act of 2023", "url": "", "description": "On 25 August 2025, Nigeria's Data Protection Commission (NDPC) announced a sector-by-sector investigation into organisations' compliance with the Nigeria Data Protection Act of 2023. The investigation applies to insurance companies, pension firms, gaming companies, banks, and insurance brokers. The organisations are required to provide compliance evidence within 21 days, including 2024 audit returns, Data Protection Officer appointments, technical protection measures, and registration as Data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Content moderation regulation in Internet Code of Practice", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice 2026, including content moderation regulation, enters into force. The Code seeks to balance an open Internet with safeguards on privacy, child protection, harmful content, traffic management, and emerging technologies. The Code sets rights and obligations for Internet Access Service Providers and applies to all entities providing Internet services within Nigeria. The Code requires Internet access service providers to provide clear guidance to c...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Internet Code of Practice 2025", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice, including cybersecurity regulation, enters into force. The Code requires internet access service providers to implement the cybersecurity framework issued by the Commission as the operational baseline for the sector and comply with the Nigerian Data Protection Act 2023 and relevant consumer protection regulations. They must adopt appropriate safeguards to protect customer information from unauthorised access or disclosure, taking into account ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-10", "title": "Nigeria-Zambia Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Data Protection", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/nigeria-zambia-data-protection-authorities-to-sign-mou-deepen-collaboration/", "description": "On 8 October 2025, representatives of the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) met with the Office of the Data Protection Commissioner (ODPC) of Zambia in Lusaka on the sidelines of the Digital Government Africa (DGA) Summit 2025. Both authorities announced plans to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cooperation in data protection. The MoU will formalise collaboration between the NDPC and ODPC in areas including compliance, enforcement, policy development, and regulatory capacit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-15", "title": "United States-Nigeria Data Protection Privacy Project", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/ndpc-and-u-s-delegation-agree-on-implementation-roadmap-for-data-privacy-partnership/", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) announced the data protection privacy project with the United States (US). The NDPC agreed with a United States delegation on an implementation roadmap for the project. The project concerns cross-border data governance and is relevant to digital service providers engaged in Nigeria–US data flows. The NDPC highlighted structured cooperation and alignment of regulatory approaches, building on the NDPC’s Strategic Roadmap and Acti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "User rights in Internet Code of Practice 2025", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice, including user rights, enters into force. The Code guarantees consumers the right to access and share lawful content, use applications and services of their choice, and connect appropriate devices without blocking or discrimination by internet access service providers, subject only to transparent and justified traffic management. Where artificial intelligence or emerging technologies are deployed on networks, consumers who may be affected have...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Internet Code of Practice 2025", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice, including data protection regulation, enters into force. The Code provides that internet access service providers must not permit the harvesting or third-party access to transactional data on their networks without prior written approval from the Commission, which will conduct an impact assessment considering national interests, consumer protection, and personal data implications. Transactional data includes metadata and activity logs generate...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Endorsement of joint statement on AI generated imagery", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/joint-statement-on-ai-generated-imagery-and-the-protection-of-privacy-23-february-2026/", "description": "On 3 March 2026, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) issued a statement on joining 60 other data protection authorities in endorsing the joint statement on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated imagery and the protection of privacy. The endorsement is part of a broader national framework for responsible artificial intelligence (AI), which includes the National AI Strategy and the NDPC General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID). The statement aims to address privacy con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "Data Protection Commission investigation into Remita Payment Services and Sterling Bank over alleged data breach", "url": "", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the Data Protection Commission (NDPC) opened an investigation into an alleged data breach involving Remita Payment Services, Sterling Bank, and other entities. The investigation covers the types of personal data involved, the nature and scope of the alleged breach, the risk to data subjects, and the mitigation measures carried out where a breach is confirmed. The aim of the investigation is to ensure that data subjects are protected with appropriate technical and organisation...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2022", "title": "Suspension of Twitter in Nigeria", "url": "", "description": "The Federal Government of Nigeria announced the termination of the suspension of Twitter in Nigeria. The government explained that the decision was taken after Twitter agreed to a series of conditions, including opening a local office, developing a Code of Conduct, complying with Nigerian laws and respecting Nigeria's national culture and history.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "推特在尼日利亚被暂停", "description_zh": "尼日利亚联邦政府宣布终止Twitter在尼日利亚的暂停。政府解释说，这一决定是在 Twitter 同意一系列条件后做出的，包括开设当地办事处、制定行为准则、遵守尼日利亚法律以及尊重尼日利亚民族文化和历史。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2022", "title": "Content moderation requirements in Code of Practice for interactive computer service platforms/internet intermediaries", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/APPROVED-NITDA-CODE-OF-PRACTIVE-FOR-INTERACTIVE-COMPUTER-SERVICE-PLATFORMS-INTERNET-INTERMEDIARIES-2022-002.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2022, the National Information Technology Development Agency's (NITDA) Code of Practice for Interactive Computer Service Platforms/Internet Intermediaries, establishing a comprehensive digital policy framework to regulate the digital ecosystem, entered into force. The Code applies to all interactive computer service platforms and internet intermediaries operating in Nigeria, mandating compliance with Nigerian laws, prompt responses to legal notices, and the removal of harmful ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "互动计算机服务平台/互联网中介机构业务守则中的内容审核要求", "description_zh": "2022 年 9 月 26 日，国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 的《交互式计算机服务平台/互联网中介机构行为准则》生效，该准则建立了一个全面的数字政策框架来规范数字生态系统。该准则适用于在尼日利亚运营的所有交互式计算机服务平台和互联网中介机构，要求遵守尼日利亚法律，及时响应法律通知，并消除有害..." }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Registration obligation for data controllers and processors of major importance in Nigeria Data Protection Act, 2023 (Act No. 37)", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/ngcert/resources/Nigeria_Data_Protection_Act_2023.pdf", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the obligation for data controllers and processors of major importance to register with the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) under the Data Protection Act entered into force. The Act required controllers and processors meeting the criteria established by the NDPC to register by 12 December 2023 and provide information on the risks, safeguards, and security measures adopted to protect the data stored. The NDPC issued a guidance outlining criteria and obligations. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2023 年《尼日利亚数据保护法》（第 37 号法案）中重要数据控制者和处理者的注册义务", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 1 日，根据《数据保护法》，重要数据控制者和处理者有义务在尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 注册。该法案要求符合 NDPC 制定标准的控制者和处理者在 2023 年 12 月 12 日之前进行注册，并提供有关为保护所存储数据而采取的风险、保障措施和安全措施的信息。 NDPC 发布了一份指南，概述了标准和义务。那个..." }, { "date": "25 February 2023", "title": "NDPB Investigation into Alleged Data Breaches by Banks, Telecoms, and Other Firms", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/Home/NewsDetails/23", "description": "On 25 February 2023, the Nigeria Data Protection Bureau (NDPB) announced an investigation into alleged data breaches by four banks, a telecommunications firm, consulting firms, and a lending entity. The investigation is set to continue as the NDPB plans to determine compliance with data regulations of other sectors that process data, including sensitive personal data. The investigation is particularly focused on the activities of entities providing loans and organisations without formal busin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "NDPB 对银行、电信和其他公司涉嫌数据泄露的调查", "description_zh": "2023 年 2 月 25 日，尼日利亚数据保护局 (NDPB) 宣布对四家银行、一家电信公司、咨询公司和一家贷款实体涉嫌数据泄露展开调查。由于 NDPB 计划确定处理数据（包括敏感个人数据）的其他部门是否遵守数据法规，调查将继续进行。调查特别关注提供贷款的实体和没有正式业务的组织的活动。" }, { "date": "15 December 2023", "title": "Data Protection Commission Code of Conduct for Data Protection Compliance Organisations", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/Files/coc.pdf", "description": "On 15 December 2023, the Nigerian Data Protection Commission (NDPC) adopted the “Code of Conduct for Data Protection Compliance Organizations (DPCOs) 2023”. The Code aims to regulate competent firms licensed as Data Compliance Organisations (DPCs) in accordance with the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023. The Code sets out objectives such as promoting professionalism, ensuring uniformity in compliance processes, and ensuring trust in Nigeria's digital data governance processes. The Code also ou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会数据保护合规组织行为准则", "description_zh": "2023 年 12 月 15 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 通过了《2023 年数据保护合规组织 (DPCO) 行为准则》。该准则旨在根据《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》监管获得数据合规组织 (DPC) 许可的有能力的公司。该准则规定了诸如促进专业精神、确保合规流程的统一以及确保对尼日利亚数字数据治理流程的信任等目标。该守则还..." }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "US and Nigeria Bilateral Liaison Group for Illicit Finance and Cryptocurrencies", "url": "https://www.state.gov/u-s-nigeria-bilateral-liaison-group-on-illicit-finance-and-cryptocurrencies/", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the United States and Nigeria announced the launch of the US and Nigeria Bilateral Liaison Group on Illicit Finance and Cryptocurrencies. The collaboration aims to strengthen Nigeria's capacity in cybercrime investigation and prosecution, focusing specifically on illicit finance and cryptocurrency misuse. The partnership, facilitated by the US Department of Justice, seeks to enhance cooperation in tracking, investigating, and prosecuting financial crimes involving digital ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "美国和尼日利亚非法金融和加密货币双边联络小组", "description_zh": "2024 年 10 月 23 日，美国和尼日利亚宣布成立美国和尼日利亚非法金融和加密货币双边联络小组。此次合作旨在加强尼日利亚调查和起诉网络犯罪的能力，特别关注非法金融和加密货币滥用。该伙伴关系由美国司法部推动，旨在加强在追踪、调查和起诉涉及数字的金融犯罪方面的合作……" }, { "date": "28 February 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.ncc.gov.ng/docman-main/hidden/1191-cybercrime-prohibition-prevention-etc-act-2024/file", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the President signed the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) (Amendment) Bill 2024 into law. The amendments to the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) (Amendment) Act No. 17, 2015, clarify the criteria for cybercrimes and reduce the reporting timeframe for cybersecurity incidents to 72 hours, mandating reporting through sectoral Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) or Security Operation Centres (SOCs). The scope of the Act is expanded to include all p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2024 年网络犯罪（禁止、预防等）（修正案）法中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2024 年 2 月 28 日，总统签署《202​​4 年网络犯罪（禁止、预防等）（修正案）法案》成为法律。 2015 年第 17 号《网络犯罪（禁止、预防等）（修正案）法》的修正案明确了网络犯罪的标准，并将网络安全事件的报告时间缩短至 72 小时，并强制要求通过部门计算机应急响应小组 (CERT) 或安全运营中心 (SOC) 进行报告。该法案的范围扩大到包括所有..." }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "CBN Risk-Based Cybersecurity Framework and Guidelines for Deposit Money Banks and Payment Service Banks", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/BSD/CBN%20Risk-Based%20Cybersecurity%20Framework%20for%20DMBs%20and%20PSBs_2024.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the \"Risk-Based Cybersecurity Framework and Guidelines for Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) and Payment Service Banks (PSBs)\" was implemented. The framework was issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on 31 May 2024, requiring DMBs and PSBs to implement these measures by 1 July 2024. It sets out minimum cybersecurity requirements for financial institutions to strengthen their defences against cyber threats. It covers areas such as governance, risk identification, third-party ris...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "CBN 基于风险的存款货币银行和支付服务银行网络安全框架和指南", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 1 日，实施了“存款货币银行（DMB）和支付服务银行（PSB）基于风险的网络安全框架和指南”。该框架由尼日利亚中央银行（CBN）于2024年5月31日发布，要求DMB和PSB在2024年7月1日之前实施这些措施。它规定了金融机构的最低网络安全要求，以加强对网络威胁的防御。它涵盖治理、风险识别、第三方风险等领域..." }, { "date": "7 January 2024", "title": "Central Bank of Nigeria implementation guidance on collection and remittance of national cybersecurity levy (circular Ref: PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/004)", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2024/CCD/CIRCULAR%20REF%20PSMDIRPUBLAB017004%2006052024.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)'s circular Ref: PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/004 regarding the implementation guidance on the collection and remittance of the national cybersecurity levy has been fully implemented. The deadline for all other financial institutions to complete system reconfigurations had arrived. Banks and mobile money operators had until 2 June 2024, while all other financial institutions had until 30 June 2024 to ensure compliance. This levy, set at 0.5%, applies t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚中央银行关于国家网络安全税征收和缴纳的实施指南（通知编号：PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/004）", "description_zh": "2024年7月1日，尼日利亚中央银行（CBN）关于国家网络安全税征缴实施指南的通知（编号：PSM/DIR/PUB/LAB/017/004）已全面实施。所有其他金融机构完成系统重组的最后期限已经到来。银行和移动货币运营商必须在 2024 年 6 月 2 日之前确保合规，而所有其他金融机构必须在 2024 年 6 月 30 日之前确保合规。该税费定为 0.5%，适用于..." }, { "date": "18 July 2024", "title": "Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission investigation into Meta Platforms and WhatsApp over alleged violations of antitrust laws, data protection regulations, and consumer protection acts", "url": "https://fccpc.gov.ng/immpw/", "description": "On 18 July 2024, the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) issued a final order to Meta Platforms, Inc. and WhatsApp LLC, following a 38-month joint investigation with the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC). The order mandates changes to Meta's data handling in Nigeria, including requirements to reinstate users' control over their data, update privacy policies to comply with Nigerian law, cease sharing WhatsApp user information with Facebook companies without e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦竞争和消费者保护委员会对 Meta Platform 和 WhatsApp 涉嫌违反反垄断法、数据保护法规和消费者保护法的行为进行调查", "description_zh": "2024 年 7 月 18 日，联邦竞争和消费者保护委员会 (FCCPC) 在与尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 进行为期 38 个月的联合调查后，向 Meta Platforms, Inc. 和 WhatsApp LLC 发布了最终命令。该命令要求改变 Meta 在尼日利亚的数据处理方式，包括要求恢复用户对其数据的控制、更新隐私政策以符合尼日利亚法律、停止在未经许可的情况下与 Facebook 公司共享 WhatsApp 用户信息。" }, { "date": "4 December 2023", "title": "Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission assessment of Google's decision to block digital lending apps on its Play Store from accessing sensitive personal information", "url": "https://fccpc.gov.ng/googles-broad-and-responsible-policy-of-barring-digital-lending-applications-from-accessing-sensitive-user-data/", "description": "On 12 April 2023, the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC), alongside collaborators on the Joint Regulatory and Enforcement Taskforce (JRTF), announced its support towards Google’s decision to block digital lending apps on its Play Store from accessing sensitive personal information such as contacts, photos, and call logs. Google’s policy complements the FCCPC's Limited Interim Regulatory Framework for Digital Lending, which aims to address abusive practices and prov...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "联邦竞争和消费者保护委员会对谷歌阻止其 Play 商店上的数字借贷应用程序访问敏感个人信息的决定进行评估", "description_zh": "2023 年 4 月 12 日，联邦竞争和消费者保护委员会 (FCCPC) 与联合监管和执法工作组 (JRTF) 的合作者一起宣布支持 Google 阻止其 Play 商店中的数字借贷应用程序访问联系人、照片和通话记录等敏感个人信息的决定。 Google 的政策补充了 FCCPC 的数字借贷有限临时监管框架，该框架旨在解决滥用行为并提供..." }, { "date": "3 September 2020", "title": "Protection from Internet Falsehood and Manipulation and Other Related Matters Bill (SB 132)", "url": "", "description": "On 9 March 2020, the Senate convened a one-day consultation with stakeholders and the public to discuss the Protection from Internet Falsehood and Manipulation and Other Related Matters Bill, 2019 (SB 132). The Bill aims to address the dissemination of false information and manipulative content online in Nigeria. It includes provisions to regulate the use of bots and inauthentic accounts, with penalties such as fines up to NGN 300'000, imprisonment up to 3 years for individuals, and fines up ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "防止互联网虚假信息和操纵及其他相关事项法案 (SB 132)", "description_zh": "2020 年 3 月 9 日，参议院与利益相关者和公众召开了为期一天的磋商，讨论 2019 年《防止互联网虚假信息和操纵及其他相关事项法案》(SB 132)。该法案旨在解决尼日利亚网上虚假信息和操纵内容的传播问题。它包括监管机器人和虚假账户使用的规定，处罚包括最高 300'000 尼日利亚奈拉的罚款、个人最高 3 年的监禁以及最高...", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "6 August 2020", "title": "Central Bank's guidelines on operations of electronic payment channels", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/out/2020/ccd/reviewed%20and%20approved%20guidelines%20on%20operations%20of%20electronic%20payment%20channels%20in%20nigeria%202020.pdf", "description": "On 8 June 2020, the Central Bank's guidelines on operations of electronic payment channels entered into force. The guidelines mandate that all domestic transactions be routed through a local switch within Nigeria to enhance the security and efficiency of digital payment processes. These guidelines also revise specific timelines for resolving various transaction disputes to improve customer satisfaction.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "央行电子支付渠道运营指引", "description_zh": "2020年6月8日，央行《电子支付渠道运营指引》正式实施。该准则要求所有国内交易均通过尼日利亚境内的本地交换机进行，以提高数字支付流程的安全性和效率。这些指南还修改了解决各种交易纠纷的具体时间表，以提高客户满意度。" }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "Nigeria Data Protection Commission guidance notice on registration of data controllers and data processors of major importance (NDPC/HQ/GN/VOL.02/24)", "url": "https://www.ndpc.gov.ng/Files/registration.pdf", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission Guidance Notice on Registration of Data Controllers and Data Processors of Major Importance NDPC/HQ/GN/VOL.02/24 (Pursuant to Sections 5d, 6(c), 44, 45, and 65 of the Nigeria Data Protection Act) entered into force. The implementation was postponed from 30 June 2024 to 30 September 2024. This notice mandates the registration of data controllers and processors that handle personal data of over 200 data subjects within six months or o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚数据保护委员会关于重要数据控制者和数据处理者注册的指导通知 (NDPC/HQ/GN/VOL.02/24)", "description_zh": "2024 年 9 月 30 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会关于重要数据控制者和数据处理者注册的指导通知 NDPC/HQ/GN/VOL.02/24（根据尼日利亚数据保护法第 5d、6(c)、44、45 和 65 条）生效。该通知的实施日期从2024年6月30日推迟到2024年9月30日。该通知要求处理超过200名数据主体个人数据的数据控制者和处理者在六个月内或之后进行注册。" }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Data protection regulation in Data Protection Commission's General Application and Implementation Directive (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025)", "url": "", "description": "On 19 September 2025, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission’s (NDPC) General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) 2025 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025) under the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDP Act) 2023 enters into force, establishing rules for the processing of personal data. The directive outlines the rights of data subjects, including access, rectification, and erasure, and imposes obligations on data controllers and processors to ensure lawful, fair, and transparent processing. I...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会一般应用和实施指令中的数据保护规定 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025)", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 19 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 根据《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》(NDP Act) 制定的《2025 年通用应用和实施指令 (GAID)》(NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025) 生效，制定了个人数据处理规则。该指令概述了数据主体的权利，包括访问、更正和删除，并规定了数据控制者和处理者的义务，以确保合法、公平和透明的处理。我...", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "21 November 2024", "title": "Nigeria Data Protection Act (Amendment) Bill (SB 650)", "url": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/billdownload/11177.pdf", "description": "On 21 November 2024, Nigeria Data Protection Act (Amendment) Bill, 2024 (SB 650) was introduced to the Senate and passed its first reading. The Bill proposes changes to Sections 5 and 65 of the Data Protection Act 2023, requiring entities to maintain a fixed operational business location staffed to engage with regulators and fulfil legal obligations. Non-compliance for a continuous period of 30 days would result in a prohibition from operating within Nigeria. The amendment also introduces def...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尼日利亚数据保护法（修正案）法案 (SB 650)", "description_zh": "2024 年 11 月 21 日，《2024 年尼日利亚数据保护法（修正案）法案》（SB 650）被提交参议院并通过一读。该法案提议对 2023 年数据保护法第 5 条和第 65 条进行修改，要求实体维持固定的运营业务地点，并配备人员与监管机构合作并履行法律义务。连续 30 天不遵守规定将导致禁止在尼日利亚境内运营。该修正案还引入了定义..." }, { "date": "17 November 2020", "title": "National Information Technology Development Agency Nigeria Data Protection Regulation 2019 Implementation Framework", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/NDPR-Implementation-Framework.pdf", "description": "On 17 November 2020, the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) adopted the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (NDPR) 2019: Implementation Framework. The NDPR mandates that data controllers and processors implement measures to safeguard personal data, including conducting annual data protection audits, publishing privacy policies, and appointing a Data Protection Officer (DPO) in certain cases. The NDPR emphasises transparency, consent management, and the implementation of...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家信息技术发展局尼日利亚数据保护条例 2019 年实施框架", "description_zh": "2020 年 11 月 17 日，国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 通过了《2019 年尼日利亚数据保护条例 (NDPR)：实施框架》。 NDPR 要求数据控制者和处理者采取措施保护个人数据，包括进行年度数据保护审计、发布隐私政策以及在某些情况下任命数据保护官 (DPO)。 NDPR 强调透明度、同意管理以及……的实施" }, { "date": "12 December 2024", "title": "Online Harms Protection Bill", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Updated-OHP-WHITE-PAPER-copy-compressed.pdf", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) published a White Paper on the Framework for an Online Harms Protection Bill in Nigeria, developed in partnership with Advocacy for Policy and Innovation (API). The White Paper outlines a proposed regulatory framework aimed at addressing online harms such as cyberbullying, hate speech, misinformation, and child exploitation, while balancing the protection of digital rights and freedoms. It advocates for a co-r...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "在线危害保护法案", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 12 日，国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 发布了一份关于尼日利亚在线危害保护法案框架的白皮书，该白皮书是与政策与创新倡导组织 (API) 合作制定的。白皮书概述了拟议的监管框架，旨在解决网络欺凌、仇恨言论、错误信息和儿童剥削等网络危害，同时平衡对数字权利和自由的保护。它提倡共同..." }, { "date": "27 July 2023", "title": "Cyber Crimes (Repeal and Reenactment) Bill, 2023 (SB 64)", "url": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/billdownload/11101.pdf", "description": "On 27 July 2023, Cyber Crimes (Repeal and Reenactment) Bill, 2023 (SB 64) passed its first reading. The Bill aims to update and enhance the existing legislative framework governing cybercrime, ensuring it remains relevant and effective in addressing contemporary digital threats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023 年网络犯罪（废除和重制定）法案 (SB 64)", "description_zh": "2023 年 7 月 27 日，《2023 年网络犯罪（废除和重制定）法案》(SB 64) 通过一读。该法案旨在更新和加强现有的网络犯罪立法框架，确保其在应对当代数字威胁方面保持相关性和有效性。" }, { "date": "12 April 2024", "title": "National Information Technology Development Agency analysis of compliance with laws and misinformation management by social media platforms", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/NITDA24-COP-REPORT-JNT-compressed.pdf", "description": "On 4 December 2024, the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) released an analysis of compliance with laws and misinformation management by social media platforms. The Code of Practice for Interactive Computer Service Platforms and Internet Intermediaries requires platforms with over one million users to submit annual compliance reports in alignment with Part II, Section 10 of the Code. This regulation promotes transparency and adherence to regulatory standards, aiming to...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "国家信息技术发展局对社交媒体平台的法律合规性和错误信息管理的分析", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 4 日，国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 发布了社交媒体平台遵守法律和错误信息管理的分析。 《交互式计算机服务平台和互联网中介机构行为准则》要求拥有超过 100 万用户的平台根据《准则》第二部分第 10 节提交年度合规报告。该法规促进透明度和遵守监管标准，旨在..." }, { "date": "19 September 2025", "title": "Registration as a data controller or data processor of major importance requirement in Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 General Application and Implementation Directive 2025 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025)", "url": "", "description": "On 19 September 2025, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission’s (NDPC) General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) 2025 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025) under the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDP Act) 2023 enters into force, mandating registration for data controllers and processors of major importance. Articles 8–9 and Schedule 7 classify entities into Ultra-High, Extra-High, and Ordinary-High levels, requiring annual registration and compliance audit returns (CAR) filings with prescri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "注册为《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》2025 年一般应用和实施指令 (NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025) 中重要要求的数据控制者或数据处理者", "description_zh": "2025 年 9 月 19 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 根据《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》(NDP Act) 制定的《2025 年通用应用和实施指令 (GAID)》(NDPC/NDP ACT-GAID/01/2025) 生效，要求对重要的数据控制者和处理者进行注册。第 8-9 条和附表 7 将实体分为超高、特高和普通高级别，要求按规定提交年度注册和合规审计申报表 (CAR)。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Baseline standards for automated anti-money laundering solutions", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/CCD/CBN%20issues%20Baseline%20Standards%20for%20Automated%20Anti-Money%20Laundering%20Solution.pdf", "description": "On 10 March 2028, the baseline standards for automated anti-money laundering solutions for financial institutions enter into force. The standard applies to all CBN-regulated financial institutions, mobile money operators, and payment service providers. The standard requires institutions to deploy automated anti-money laundering (AML) solutions covering customer due diligence, transaction monitoring, fraud detection, regulatory reporting, and data protection. It also requires implementation to...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "自动化反洗钱解决方案的基准标准", "description_zh": "2028年3月10日，金融机构自动化反洗钱解决方案基准标准生效。该标准适用于所有受 CBN 监管的金融机构、移动货币运营商和支付服务提供商。该标准要求机构部署自动化反洗钱（AML）解决方案，涵盖客户尽职调查、交易监控、欺诈检测、监管报告和数据保护。它还需要实施..." }, { "title": "Data protection regulation in Digital, Electric, Online, or Non-Traditional Lending Regulations", "url": "https://fccpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/DIGITAL-LENDING-RULE-FCCPC-GOES-AFTER-VIOLATORS.pdf", "description": "On 5 January 2026, the Digital, Electric, Online, or Non-Traditional Lending Regulations enter into force. The Regulations apply to all lenders and providers (including their partners and collaborators) offering unsecured digital or electronic loans or advances to consumers in Nigeria, regardless of their physical location, if their business operations extend beyond a single state. Under the Regulations, lenders are required to fully adhere to the Nigeria Data Protection Act of 2023 and all o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字、电力、在线或非传统借贷法规中的数据保护法规", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 5 日，数字、电子、在线或非传统贷款法规生效。该条例适用于向尼日利亚消费者提供无担保数字或电子贷款或预付款的所有贷方和提供商（包括其合作伙伴和合作者），无论其实际位置如何，只要其业务运营超出单一州范围。根据该条例，贷方必须完全遵守 2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法以及所有..." }, { "title": "Quality of service requirement in Internet Code of Practice 2025", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice, including quality of service requirements, enters into force. The Code requires Internet access service providers to ensure transparency by disclosing service performance, commercial terms, and any traffic management practices, including their purpose and impact. Providers must not block or throttle lawful content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices, except for reasonable network management, and must submit monthly reports on Inter...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年互联网实践守则中的服务质量要求", "description_zh": "包括服务质量要求在内的互联网实践守则于 2026 年 8 月 13 日生效。该准则要求互联网接入服务提供商通过披露服务绩效、商业条款和任何流量管理实践（包括其目的和影响）来确保透明度。提供商不得阻止或限制合法内容、应用程序、服务或无害设备，合理的网络管理除外，并且必须提交有关互联网的月度报告..." }, { "title": "Rules regarding deployment of AI and emerging technologies in Internet Code of Practice 2025", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5104/view", "description": "On 13 August 2026, the Internet Code of Practice, including rules regarding the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and emerging technologies, enters into force. The Code requires Internet Access Service Providers to notify the Commission before deploying AI or other emerging technological tools affecting network management or customer engagement. The notification must specify the services impacted, any existing services to be replaced, planned upgrades or modifications, and the implem...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2025 年互联网实践守则中有关人工智能和新兴技术部署的规则", "description_zh": "互联网实践守则于 2026 年 8 月 13 日生效，其中包括有关人工智能 (AI) 和新兴技术部署的规则。该准则要求互联网接入服务提供商在部署人工智能或其他影响网络管理或客户参与的新兴技术工具之前通知委员会。通知必须指定受影响的服务、要替换的任何现有服务、计划的升级或修改以及实施..." }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Nigerian Communications (Enforcement Process, etc.) Regulations, 2025", "url": "https://www.ncc.gov.ng/media-center/public-notices/public-inquiries-draft-internet-code-practice-and-draft-regulations", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) closes the public consultation, open since 9 October 2025, on the Draft Nigerian Communications (Enforcement Process, etc.) Regulations, 2025. The draft mandates that all operators retain call data records securely and make them available to competent authorities for lawful investigation in accordance with the Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention, etc.) (Amendment) Act, 2024. It prohibits tampering, destruction or distortion of c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年尼日利亚通信（执行流程等）条例中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 10 月 31 日，尼日利亚通信委员会 (NCC) 结束了自 2025 年 10 月 9 日起就 2025 年尼日利亚通信（执行程序等）条例草案进行的公众咨询。该草案要求所有运营商安全保留通话数据记录，并根据 2024 年网络犯罪（禁止、预防等）（修正案）法将其提供给主管当局进行合法调查。篡改、破坏或扭曲数据..." }, { "date": "16 May 2025", "title": "Whitepaper on the National Blockchain Policy", "url": "https://fmcide.gov.ng/whitepaper-on-the-national-blockchain-policy/", "description": "On 16 May 2025, the Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy published the Whitepaper on the National Blockchain Policy to provide a structured plan for the use of blockchain in Nigeria. The Whitepaper states that blockchain can support financial inclusion by reducing transaction costs, improve supply-chain transparency in agriculture, and allow secure digital identity. It expands on the National Blockchain Strategy. It explains the need for cooperation between gover...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家区块链政策白皮书", "description_zh": "2025 年 5 月 16 日，联邦通信、创新和数字经济部发布了国家区块链政策白皮书，为尼日利亚使用区块链提供了结构化计划。白皮书指出，区块链可以通过降低交易成本、提高农业供应链透明度并实现安全的数字身份来支持金融普惠。它扩展了国家区块链战略。它解释了政府之间合作的必要性..." }, { "date": "30 August 2025", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Guidelines for Insurtech Operations", "url": "https://naicom.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Guidelines-for-Insurtech-Operations-in-Nigeria.pdf", "description": "On 30 August 2025, the National Insurance Commission’s Guidelines for Insurtech Operations, including cybersecurity regulation, enter into force. The guidelines introduce requirements for logical access controls, periodic penetration testing, dual verification for website updates, and secure transmission of client data within three days. They also require operators to maintain their digital systems, conduct annual independent technology audits, encrypt transmitted data, and implement business...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "保险科技运营指南中的网络安全监管", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 30 日，国家保监会《保险科技运营指引》（包括网络安全监管）生效。该指南提出了逻辑访问控制、定期渗透测试、网站更新双重验证以及三天内安全传输客户端数据的要求。他们还要求运营商维护其数字系统，进行年度独立技术审计，加密传输数据，并实施业务……" }, { "date": "19 March 2025", "title": "Digital Health Services (Establishment) Bill, 2025 (HB 2198)", "url": "", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Digital Health Services (Establishment) Bill, 2025 (HB. 2198) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Bill provides a legal framework for the integration, regulation, and promotion of digital technologies in the delivery of healthcare services in Nigeria, aiming to improve access, quality, and efficiency across the health sector. It applies to all healthcare providers utilising digital technologies for patient care, including telemedicine, mobile health appli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年数字医疗服务（建立）法案 (HB 2198)", "description_zh": "2025 年 3 月 19 日，《2025 年数字医疗服务（建立）法案》（HB.2198）在众议院提出。该法案为尼日利亚提供医疗保健服务过程中数字技术的整合、监管和推广提供了法律框架，旨在提高整个卫生部门的可及性、质量和效率。它适用于所有利用数字技术进行患者护理的医疗保健提供者，包括远程医疗、移动医疗应用程序……", "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Nigerian Digital Sovereignty and Fair Data Compensation Bill, 2025 (SB. 722)", "url": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/billdownload/11197.pdf", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Nigerian Digital Sovereignty and Fair Data Compensation Bill, 2025 (SB. 722) was introduced in the Senate. The Bill would require that Nigerian user data be stored within the country’s borders rather than on foreign cloud servers. The Bill applies to foreign companies offering data services in Nigeria and sets conditions on how Nigerian user data is held to enhance national and data security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2025 年尼日利亚数字主权和公平数据补偿法案 (SB. 722) 中的数据本地化要求", "description_zh": "2025 年 2 月 20 日，参议院提出《2025 年尼日利亚数字主权和公平数据补偿法案》(SB. 722)。该法案将要求尼日利亚用户数据存储在该国境内，而不是存储在外国云服务器上。该法案适用于在尼日利亚提供数据服务的外国公司，并对如何持有尼日利亚用户数据设定了条件，以增强国家和数据安全。" }, { "date": "22 May 2024", "title": "Promoting local content obligation in Digital Marketing Regulation Bill 2024 (HB 1435)", "url": "https://legis360.org/app/bills/HB1435.pdf", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the Digital Marketing Regulation Bill, 2024 (HB. 1435) was introduced in the House of Representatives. The Bill would require designated gatekeepers to promote local content by allocating platform space to content creators established in Nigeria.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "促进《2024 年数字营销监管法案》(HB 1435) 中的本地内容义务", "description_zh": "2024 年 5 月 22 日，《2024 年数字营销监管法案》(HB.1435) 向众议院提出。该法案将要求指定的看门人通过向尼日利亚境内的内容创作者分配平台空间来推广本地内容。" }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Data Protection Commission's annual report on implementation of Data Protection Act and enforcement expansion", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/resources/#flipbook-df_6183/1/", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) adopted a report focusing on the implementation of the Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023, including strengthening enforcement mechanisms, expanding sector-wide compliance monitoring, and issuing the General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) 2025. The Directive mandates semi-annual reporting and credential assessments for Data Protection Officers, strengthens lawful basis and consent requirements, imposes privacy not...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会关于数据保护法实施和执法范围扩大的年度报告", "description_zh": "2026 年 1 月 1 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 通过了一份报告，重点关注《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》的实施情况，包括加强执行机制、扩大全行业合规性监控以及发布《2025 年通用应用和实施指令》(GAID)。该指令要求对数据保护官员进行半年度报告和资质评估，强化法律依据和同意要求，强制隐私不..." }, { "date": "8 April 2025", "title": "Nigeria's associate membership to global cross-border privacy rules forum", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Membership-Committee-Recommendation-for-Associate-Nigeria.pdf#:~:text=Based%20on%20the%20findings%20above%20and%20noting,hereby%20considered%20an%20Associate%20of%20the%20Forum.", "description": "On 4 August 2025, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) forum membership committee submitted a recommendation to the Global Forum Assembly (GFA) to admit Nigeria as an associate member. The committee evaluated Nigeria’s application under the Forum’s terms of Reference and determined that the criteria for Associate status were satisfied. Nigeria confirmed its support for the 2022 Global CBPR declaration and framework and indicated that Nigeria's Data Protection Act 2023 focuses on the p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "尼日利亚成为全球跨境隐私规则论坛准会员", "description_zh": "2025 年 8 月 4 日，全球跨境隐私规则 (CBPR) 论坛成员委员会向全球论坛大会 (GFA) 提交了接纳尼日利亚为准成员的建议。委员会根据论坛的职权范围评估了尼日利亚的申请，并确定满足准成员地位的标准。尼日利亚确认支持 2022 年全球 CBPR 宣言和框架，并表示尼日利亚 2023 年数据保护法重点关注..." }, { "title": "Data Protection Commission's memorandum of understanding with Communications Commission on protection of data and privacy in telecommunications sector", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/ndpc-and-ncc-ink-landmark-mou-to-fortify-telecom-data-privacy-and-national-sovereignty/", "description": "On 5 February 2026, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) and the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen data protection and privacy in the telecommunications sector. The MoU applies to mobile network operators and other entities under the NCC’s regulatory oversight. The MoU establishes a framework for inter-regulatory co-operation to enhance compliance with Nigeria's Data Protection Act, reinforce privacy standards, and promo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "资料保护委员会与通讯委员会就保护电讯业资料及私隐签署谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 5 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 和尼日利亚通信委员会 (NCC) 签署了一份谅解备忘录 (MoU)，以加强电信领域的数据保护和隐私。该谅解备忘录适用于移动网络运营商和 NCC 监管下的其他实体。该谅解备忘录建立了一个监管间合作框架，以加强对尼日利亚数据保护法的遵守，加强隐私标准，并促进……" }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Guidance notes for implementation and enforcement of Internet Code of Practice 2026", "url": "https://ncc.gov.ng/media/5105/view", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Nigerian Communications Commission issued guidance notes on implementing and enforcing the Internet Code of Practice 2026 under the Nigerian Communications Act 2003. The note clarifies regulatory oversight and governance expectations for licensees and digital platforms. The note sets expectations on open internet standards, traffic blocking and prioritisation, cyber security supervision, enforcement over non-personal transactional data, collaboration with the Nigeria ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "2026 年互联网实践守则的实施和执行指南", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 13 日，尼日利亚通信委员会发布了关于根据《2003 年尼日利亚通信法》实施和执行《2026 年互联网行为准则》的指导说明。该说明阐明了对被许可方和数字平台的监管监督和治理期望。该说明对开放互联网标准、流量阻塞和优先级、网络安全监管、非个人交易数据的执行、与尼日利亚的合作提出了期望……" }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Inquiry into innovation, inclusion and integrity in financial technology sector", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/CCD/CBN_FINTECH_REPORT_.pdf", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Central Bank of Nigeria adopted a report on innovation, inclusion, and integrity in the financial technology sector, including ethical and transparent Artificial Intelligence (AI) practices. The report encourages firms to adopt ethical and transparent AI practices, particularly in credit and risk decision-making, and proposes a dedicated \"Responsible AI in finance\" workstream to bring together regulators, industry, academia, and international peers to develop governanc...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "金融科技领域创新、包容、诚信探究", "description_zh": "2026 年 2 月 2 日，尼日利亚中央银行通过了一份关于金融技术领域创新、包容和诚信的报告，包括道德和透明的人工智能 (AI) 实践。该报告鼓励企业采用道德和透明的人工智能实践，特别是在信贷和风险决策方面，并提出了专门的“金融领域负责任的人工智能”工作流程，将监管机构、行业、学术界和国际同行聚集在一起，共同制定治理..." }, { "date": "4 January 2026", "title": "Data Protection Commission's assessment of compliance with compliance audit returns under Data Protection Act", "url": "", "description": "On 1 April 2026, the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) extended the filing deadline for the data protection compliance audit by 60 days. The extension applies to all data controllers and processors of major importance who are required to submit an annual compliance audit return under the Data Protection Act. It was stated that covered entities are now obligated to submit their returns by the new deadline of 30 May 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护委员会根据数据保护法对合规审计报告合规性的评估", "description_zh": "2026 年 4 月 1 日，尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 将数据保护合规审计的申报截止日期延长了 60 天。该延期适用于所有重要的数据控制者和处理者，他们需要根据数据保护法提交年度合规审计报告。据称，涵盖实体现在有义务在新的截止日期 2026 年 5 月 30 日之前提交申报表。", "url_missing_official": true }, { "title": "Regulations to strengthen protection of children on social media and other digital platforms", "url": "https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSexYxvB-r1-zXIBXlha5sN4C9JSwrH9xGh8pSbNlsot-9dyEg/viewform", "description": "On 10 March 2026, the Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy opened a public consultation on proposed regulations to strengthen the protection of children on social media and other digital platforms, aligned with Section 31 of the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) 2023. The proposals would apply to social media platforms and digital service providers operating in Nigeria, and consider measures including minimum age restrictions, stronger age verification systems,...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "加强社交媒体和其他数字平台上儿童保护的规定", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 10 日，联邦通信、创新和数字经济部就加强对社交媒体和其他数字平台上的儿童的保护的拟议法规进行了公众咨询，该法规与 2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法 (NDPA) 第 31 条保持一致。这些提案将适用于在尼日利亚运营的社交媒体平台和数字服务提供商，并考虑采取包括最低年龄限制、更强大的年龄验证系统等措施。" }, { "date": "30 March 2026", "title": "Directive on deployment of cybersecurity self-assessment tool", "url": "https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2026/CD/Letter%20to%20all%20Banks%20and%20Select%20OFIs%20on%20the%20deployment%20of%20the%20CSAT%20-%20final.pdf", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a directive announcing the deployment of a Cybersecurity Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT) for regulated financial institutions, including payment service providers. The measure requires institutions to complete and submit the CSAT through a dedicated portal, providing information on cybersecurity governance, risk management, third-party controls, incident response, and operational resilience, with supporting documentation based on data as of 31 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于部署网络安全自我评估工具的指令", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 30 日，尼日利亚中央银行发布指令，宣布为包括支付服务提供商在内的受监管金融机构部署网络安全自我评估工具 (CSAT)。该措施要求机构通过专用门户完成并提交 CSAT，提供有关网络安全治理、风险管理、第三方控制、事件响应和运营弹性的信息，并提供基于截至 31 日数据的支持文档。" }, { "date": "3 March 2026", "title": "Advisory on android systems compromised by multiple malware", "url": "https://cert.gov.ng/advisories/multiple-malware-variants-affecting-android-system", "description": "On 3 March 2026, Nigeria's Computer Emergency Response Team (ngCERT) issued a high-risk advisory warning that multiple Android malware families, including Triada, Hummer, Rootnik, Prizmes, Uupay, and Android Backdoor, are actively compromising devices through pre-installed firmware, repackaged applications, and third-party downloads. The malware exploits known vulnerabilities to gain root access, enabling data theft, financial fraud, botnet participation, and persistent backdoor control that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于受到多种恶意软件攻击的 Android 系统的建议", "description_zh": "2026 年 3 月 3 日，尼日利亚计算机紧急响应小组 (ngCERT) 发布高风险咨询警告，称 Triada、Hummer、Rootnik、Prizmes、Uupay 和 Android Backdoor 等多个 Android 恶意软件家族正在通过预装固件、重新打包的应用程序和第三方下载主动危害设备。该恶意软件利用已知漏洞获取 root 访问权限，从而实现数据盗窃、财务欺诈、僵尸网络参与和持续后门控制……" }, { "date": "20 January 2026", "title": "Nigeria - National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill (NITDA)", "url": "https://thelegalwire.ai/nigeria-set-to-pass-ai-law-by-end-of-march-2026/", "description": "Nigeria is on track to pass a comprehensive AI law by the end of March 2026 through the National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill, giving NITDA authority over algorithms, data governance, and AI systems. The proposed legislation aims to establish Nigeria as a leading AI governance hub in Africa, covering high-risk AI systems in finance, public administration, surveillance, and automated decision-making.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "High-Risk AI", "NITDA" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚 - 国家数字经济和电子政务法案 (NITDA)", "description_zh": "尼日利亚有望在 2026 年 3 月之前通过《国家数字经济和电子政务法案》通过一项全面的人工智能法，赋予 NITDA 对算法、数据治理和人工智能系统的权力。拟议的立法旨在将尼日利亚建成非洲领先的人工智能治理中心，涵盖金融、公共管理、监控和自动化决策等领域的高风险人工智能系统。" }, { "date": "20 April 2026", "title": "Africa AI Strategies Cannot Say No - AU Framework", "url": "https://www.justsecurity.org/136028/africas-ai-strategies-cannot-say-no/", "description": "African AI governance efforts (AU Continental AI Strategy, and national strategies in Ghana, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Kenya, Rwanda) are framed around \"development\" but reproduce existing global governance paradigms without necessarily addressing African-specific needs.", "categories": [ "AU Framework", "National Strategies", "Development" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "非洲人工智能战略不能说不 - AU Framework", "description_zh": "非洲人工智能治理工作（非盟大陆人工智能战略以及加纳、津巴布韦、尼日利亚、肯尼亚、卢旺达的国家战略）以“发展”为框架，但复制了现有的全球治理范式，不一定满足非洲的具体需求。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Nigeria - National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill Signed into Law", "url": "https://www.betar.africa/2026/04/06/nigeria-ai-law-licences-high-risk-systems", "description": "Nigeria signed into law the National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill in March 2026, establishing a risk-based AI regulatory regime with NITDA as the technical regulator. The framework introduces risk-based licensing requirements for high-risk AI systems, making Nigeria one of the first major African economies to mandate AI governance. A National AI Council is established, and providers of high-risk AI must register and comply with requirements.", "categories": [ "National AI Law", "Risk-Based Framework", "Licensing", "High-Risk AI" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚 - 国家数字经济和电子政务法案签署成为法律", "description_zh": "尼日利亚于2026年3月签署了《国家数字经济和电子政务法案》，建立了以NITDA作为技术监管机构的基于风险的人工智能监管制度。该框架引入了针对高风险人工智能系统的基于风险的许可要求，使尼日利亚成为首批强制执行人工智能治理的非洲主要经济体之一。国家人工智能委员会成立，高风险人工智能提供商必须注册并遵守要求。" }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Nigeria - National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS) Finalized", "url": "https://thesun.ng/nigeria-finalises-national-ai-strategy-awaits-legislative-a", "description": "Nigeria finalized its National Artificial Intelligence Strategy and accompanying policy framework in late March 2026, with the government seeking legislative approval from the National Assembly. The strategy establishes comprehensive policy direction for AI development and governance in Nigeria, complementing the National Digital Economy and E-Governance Bill.", "categories": [ "National AI Strategy", "AI Policy", "Digital Economy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚 - 国家人工智能战略（NAIS）最终确定", "description_zh": "尼日利亚于 2026 年 3 月下旬敲定了国家人工智能战略及配套政策框架，政府正在寻求国民议会的立法批准。该战略为尼日利亚的人工智能发展和治理确立了全面的政策方向，补充了国家数字经济和电子政务法案。" }, { "title": "Draft Code of Practice for Artificial Intelligence (NITDA)", "url": "https://ncair.nitda.gov.ng/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: The Draft Code of Practice for Artificial Intelligence is a NITDA-led regulatory instrument intended to provide sector-agnostic standards, risk-based obligations, and governance processes for the development, deployment and use of AI systems in Nigeria. The draft aligns Nigeria’s AI governance with national priorities (data protection, fundamental rights, cybersecurity) while proposing conformity, transparency and accountability measures to mitigate harms from AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "人工智能实践准则草案 (NITDA)", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：《人工智能实践守则草案》是由 NITDA 主导的监管工具，旨在为尼日利亚人工智能系统的开发、部署和使用提供与行业无关的标准、基于风险的义务和治理流程。该草案将尼日利亚的人工智能治理与国家优先事项（数据保护、基本权利、网络安全）结合起来，同时提出了一致性、透明度和问责措施，以减轻人工智能的危害……" }, { "title": "Draft Code of Practice for Interactive Computer Service Platforms / Internet Intermediaries (NITDA)", "url": "https://nitda.gov.ng/regulations/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: This Draft Code of Practice, published by the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) in June 2022, sets out expected obligations, operational conditions and compliance measures for Interactive Computer Service Platforms and Internet Intermediaries operating in Nigeria. The draft introduces obligations on content takedown, reporting, local presence for large platforms, liaison officers, and annual compliance reporting to strengthen online trust & safety....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "交互式计算机服务平台/互联网中介机构实践守则草案 (NITDA)", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 于 2022 年 6 月发布的《行为准则草案》规定了在尼日利亚运营的交互式计算机服务平台和互联网中介机构的预期义务、运营条件和合规措施。该草案引入了内容删除、报告、大型平台的本地存在、联络官和年度合规报告等义务，以加强在线信任和信息安全。安全...." }, { "title": "Control of Usage of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Nigeria Bill (HB 942)", "url": "https://fmino.gov.ng/summary-of-plenary-proceedings-of-the-house-of-representatives-for-wednesday-november-22nd-2023/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: HB 942, titled the Control of Usage of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Nigeria Bill, 2023, was introduced in the Federal House of Representatives on 22 November 2023 (Hon. Sada Soli). The Bill seeks to create a statutory framework for the registration, oversight, risk-classification, auditing and safe deployment of AI systems in Nigeria and to establish national governance structures for AI oversight while aligning with existing data protection and cybercrime laws....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能技术使用控制法案 (HB 942)", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：HB 942，题为《2023 年尼日利亚人工智能技术使用控制法案》，于 2023 年 11 月 22 日在联邦众议院提出（Sada Soli 阁下）。该法案旨在为尼日利亚人工智能系统的注册、监督、风险分类、审计和安全部署创建一个法定框架，并建立人工智能监督的国家治理结构，同时与现有的数据保护和网络犯罪法律保持一致。" }, { "title": "Bill on Establishment of the National Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Studies Regulation Commission", "url": "https://ir.nilds.gov.ng/handle/123456789/2078", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: This consolidated bill proposes the establishment of the National Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Studies Regulation Commission to oversee, regulate and promote safe AI and robotics development in Nigeria. It requires registration, risk assessments, transparency measures, data protection safeguards, and creates enforcement powers for conformity assessment, certification, and sanctions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "关于设立国家人工智能与机器人研究所监管委员会的法案", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：该综合法案提议成立国家人工智能和机器人研究监管委员会，以监督、规范和促进尼日利亚人工智能和机器人技术的安全发展。它要求注册、风险评估、透明度措施、数据保护保障，并为合格评定、认证和制裁创造执行权力……" }, { "title": "National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (NDEPS) 2020–2030", "url": "https://www.ncc.gov.ng/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: The National Digital Economy Policy and Strategy (NDEPS) 2020–2030 is Nigeria's national framework to harness digital technologies for economic diversification and social development. Launched in November 2019, it sets eight pillars (including developmental regulation, digital literacy, and solid infrastructure) and an implementation agenda to drive broadband expansion, digital services, local content, and digital governance through coordinated action by federal agencies, regulators and private sector partners....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数字经济政策和战略 (NDEPS) 2020–2030", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：2020-2030 年国家数字经济政策和战略 (NDEPS) 是尼日利亚利用数字技术实现经济多元化和社会发展的国家框架。它于 2019 年 11 月推出，设定了八个支柱（包括发展监管、数字素养和坚实的基础设施）和实施议程，通过联邦机构、监管机构和私营部门合作伙伴的协调行动推动宽带扩张、数字服务、本地内容和数字治理。" }, { "title": "Nigerian Bar Association Guidelines for the Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/download/nigeria-data-protection-act-2023", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: Issued by the Nigerian Bar Association Section on Legal Practice (NBA-SLP) in August 2024, these Guidelines provide practical, ethics-focused direction for Nigerian legal practitioners on responsible adoption of AI. They emphasize human oversight, data protection (NDPA 2023 compliance), vendor due diligence, transparency to clients, bias mitigation, cybersecurity, and training....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚律师协会关于在法律职业中使用人工智能的指南", "description_zh": "尼日利亚的人工智能法：这些指南由尼日利亚律师协会法律实践部 (NBA-SLP) 于 2024 年 8 月发布，为尼日利亚法律从业者负责任地采用人工智能提供了实用且注重道德的指导。他们强调人工监督、数据保护（NDPA 2023 合规性）、供应商尽职调查、对客户的透明度、减少偏见、网络安全和培训……" }, { "title": "Lagos State AI Guidelines", "url": "https://innovationbill.lagosstate.gov.ng/resources", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: Lagos State's 2025 AI Guidelines provide non-binding recommendations for ethical, transparent, and fair AI development, prioritizing user privacy and public good in Nigeria....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "拉各斯州人工智能指南", "description_zh": "尼日利亚的人工智能法：拉各斯州的 2025 年人工智能指南为道德、透明和公平的人工智能开发提供了不具约束力的建议，优先考虑尼日利亚的用户隐私和公共利益......" }, { "title": "General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) of the Nigeria Data Protection Act", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/NDP-ACT-GAID-2025-MARCH-20TH.pdf", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: The General Application and Implementation Directive (GAID) 2025 is an administrative directive issued by the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) to operationalise and interpret the Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA) 2023. Issued on 20 March 2025 and effective from 19 September 2025, the GAID sets out Articles and Schedules covering registration, compliance audits, Data Protection Officers, breach notification, DPIAs, cross-border transfers and categories of Data Controllers/Processors of Major Importance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "尼日利亚数据保护法通用应用和实施指令 (GAID)", "description_zh": "尼日利亚人工智能法：2025 年通用应用和实施指令 (GAID) 是尼日利亚数据保护委员会 (NDPC) 发布的一项行政指令，旨在实施和解释《2023 年尼日利亚数据保护法》(NDPA)。GAID 于 2025 年 3 月 20 日发布，自 2025 年 9 月 19 日起生效，规定了涵盖注册、合规审计、数据保护官员、违规通知、DPIA、跨境传输的条款和附表。以及最重要的数据控制器/处理器的类别......" }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy (NAIP)", "url": "https://ndpc.gov.ng/about-us/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: The National Artificial Intelligence Policy (NAIP) is a draft national-level policy developed to guide the responsible development, deployment and governance of AI across Nigeria. Prepared under the direction of the Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy and led by the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), the NAIP aims to maximise socio-economic benefits while managing risks to rights, security and public trust....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能政策（NAIP）", "description_zh": "尼日利亚的人工智能法：国家人工智能政策（NAIP）是一项国家级政策草案，旨在指导尼日利亚负责任的人工智能开发、部署和治理。 NAIP 在联邦通信、创新和数字经济部的指导下制定，并由国家信息技术发展局 (NITDA) 领导，旨在最大限度地提高社会经济效益，同时管理权利、安全和公众信任的风险......" }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS)", "url": "https://fmcide.gov.ng/ministrys-artificial-intelligence-strategy-workshop-to-attract-120-experts-from-across-the-world/", "description": "AI law in Nigeria: The National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (NAIS) is a draft national strategy published in August 2024 that sets out Nigeria’s vision, principles and five pillars to guide national AI development, adoption and governance. The draft proposes institutional arrangements, an implementation roadmap, targets for skills and infrastructure, and a risk-management and ethics-based governance approach aligned with national data protection and sectoral regulators....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家人工智能战略（NAIS）", "description_zh": "尼日利亚的人工智能法：国家人工智能战略 (NAIS) 是 2024 年 8 月发布的国家战略草案，制定了尼日利亚的愿景、原则和五个支柱，以指导国家人工智能的发展、采用和治理。该草案提出了制度安排、实施路线图、技能和基础设施目标，以及与国家数据保护和部门监管机构相一致的风险管理和基于道德的治理方法……" } ], "entry_count": 77, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "566" }, { "id": "PE", "title": "Peru", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-04-04", "title": "ANAP investigation into inDrive' compliance with Personal Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minjus/noticias/737965", "description": "On 4 April 2023, the Authority for the Protection of Personal Data (ANPD) issued a warning regarding the risks faced by users of the inDrive App, a taxi service provider in the country. ANPD noted that the company may not have a mechanism in place to prevent the registration of false or inaccurate information, posing a risk that could compromise the privacy and physical safety of the users of their services. The ANPD stated that inDrive fails to comply with the requirements of the Personal Da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-07", "title": "Law promoting the use of artificial intelligence for the economic and social development of Peru (Law no. 31814)", "url": "https://spijweb.minjus.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/L-31814.pdf", "description": "On 5 July 2023, Law no. 31814 promoting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in favour of the economic and social development of the country was published. The Law outlines the principles for the development and use of AI including risk-based security standards, multi-actor participation, internet governance, digital society, ethical development, and privacy of AI. The Law expressly provides that AI should be safe and not breach personal privacy. The Law also establishes a national authori...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-24", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in draft Regulation of the Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minjus/normas-legales/4574374-0270-2023-jus", "description": "On 24 September 2023, the Government of the Peruvian State has closed the public consultation on the draft Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law - an implementing regulation including cybersecurity regulation. The Regulation aims to define new legal categories and principles for data protection, including incident reporting and impact assessments. Specifically, the Regulation includes details on cybersecurity obligations for processors of personal data. It also requires processors to...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-24", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in draft Regulation of the Data Protection Law", "url": "https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minjus/normas-legales/4574374-0270-2023-jus", "description": "On 24 September 2023, the Government of the Peruvian State has closed the public consultation on the draft Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law - an implementing regulation including cross-border data transfer regulation. The Regulation aims to define new legal categories and principles for data protection, including incident reporting and impact assessments. Specifically, the Regulation includes details on the rules applicable to cross-border data transfers. The Regulation reiterat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 September 2020", "title": "National Digital Transformation System", "url": "https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-de-urgencia-que-crea-el-sistema-nacional-de-transfor-decreto-de-urgencia-n-006-2020-1844001-1/", "description": "On 1 September 2020, the President of Peru issued the National Digital Transformation System Emergency Decree (DU 006-2020). The Decree provides a general framework called the \"National Digital Transformation System\" (SNTD) for the development of policies and the guidance of public administration as concerns data storage, data transfers, cybersecurity and the digital economy. The body responsible for the coordination and governance of the SNTD is the Secretariat of Digital Government, which ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "国家数字化转型系统", "description_zh": "2020 年 9 月 1 日，秘鲁总统发布了国家数字化转型系统紧急法令 (DU 006-2020)。该法令提供了一个名为“国家数字化转型系统”（SNTD）的总体框架，用于制定数据存储、数据传输、网络安全和数字经济方面的政策和指导公共管理。负责 SNTD 协调和治理的机构是数字政府秘书处，该秘书处..." }, { "date": "1 September 2020", "title": "Digital Trust framework (DU 007-2020)", "url": "https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/normaslegales/decreto-de-urgencia-que-aprueba-el-marco-de-confianza-digita-decreto-de-urgencia-n-007-2020-1844001-2/", "description": "The President of Peru issued the Digital Trust Framework Emergency Decree (DU 007-2020). The Decree outlines the Digital Trust Framework, which is a group of principles, models, policies, standards and tools to ensure trust in the digital environment. The Decree gives the Presidency of the Council of Ministers the power, through the Digital Government Secretariat, to formulate the \"Digital Trust strategy\" at the national level and issue guidelines, standards and directives to pursue its fulfi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数字信任框架 (DU 007-2020)", "description_zh": "秘鲁总统发布了数字信任框架紧急法令 (DU 007-2020)。该法令概述了数字信任框架，它是一组确保数字环境信任的原则、模型、政策、标准和工具。该法令赋予部长会议主席权力，通过数字政府秘书处，在国家层面制定“数字信任战略”，并发布指导方针、标准和指令，以实现其目标。" }, { "date": "27 January 2024", "title": "ANPD recommendations to prevent WhatsApp account interception", "url": "https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minjus/noticias/898150-autoridad-nacional-de-proteccion-de-datos-personales-brinda-recomendaciones-para-evitar-interceptacion-de-cuentas-de-whatsapp", "description": "On 27 January 2024, the National Authority for Personal Data Protection (ANPD) of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights (MINJUSDH) in Peru adopted a set of recommendations to prevent WhatsApp account interception. The ANPD issued the guidelines in response to an increase in reports of such incidents, where cybercriminals trick account holders into opening their WhatsApp accounts on another device and impersonate them to request online loans or money. The ANPD's recommendations include acti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "ANPD 关于防止 WhatsApp 帐户被拦截的建议", "description_zh": "2024 年 1 月 27 日，秘鲁司法和人权部 (MINJUSDH) 国家个人数据保护局 (ANPD) 通过了一系列防止 WhatsApp 帐户被拦截的建议。 ANPD 发布该指南是为了应对此类事件报告的增加，网络犯罪分子会诱骗账户持有人在另一台设备上开设 WhatsApp 账户，并冒充他们请求在线贷款或资金。 ANPD 的建议包括采取行动..." }, { "date": "12 June 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in Regulation of Law no. 31814 promoting the use of AI for the economic and social development of the country", "url": "https://www.gob.pe/institucion/pcm/informes-publicaciones/6197119-nuevo-proyecto-de-reglamento-de-la-ley-de-inteligencia-artificial?utm_source=chatgpt.com", "description": "On 6 December 2024, the Secretariat of Government and Digital Transformation (SGTD) closes its consultation on the Regulation of Law no. 31814 promoting the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the economic and social development of the country including cybersecurity measures. The new draft includes a provision for visible labelling on text, images, videos and audio generated by AI systems to inform users of AI-generated content. The draft Regulation continues to classify AI systems based...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "第 1 号法律法规中的网络安全措施31814 推动人工智能应用于国家经济社会发展", "description_zh": "2024 年 12 月 6 日，政府和数字化转型秘书处 (SGTD) 结束对第 12 号法律法规的咨询。 31814号令促进人工智能（AI）在国家经济和社会发展中的应用，包括网络安全措施。新草案包括对人工智能系统生成的文本、图像、视频和音频进行可见标记的规定，以告知用户人工智能生成的内容。该条例草案继续根据……对人工智能系统进行分类。" }, { "title": "Peru AI Regulation Overview", "url": "https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ai-regulation-scanner/peru", "description": "Peru is the only country in the sampled Latin American region (Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia) with some form of AI-specific regulatory framework as of 2025, though comprehensive national AI legislation is still developing.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "秘鲁人工智能监管概述", "description_zh": "截至 2025 年，秘鲁是样本拉丁美洲地区（巴西、墨西哥、秘鲁、哥伦比亚）唯一拥有某种形式的人工智能监管框架的国家，尽管全面的国家人工智能立法仍在制定中。" } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "604" }, { "id": "PL", "title": "Poland", "entries": [ { "title": "Piaskownice regulacyjne w obszarze AI - Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji - Portal Gov.pl", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/piaskownice-regulacyjne-w-obszarze-ai", "description": "Projekt badawczy miał na celu zdiagnozowanie poziomu wiedzy, postaw oraz potrzeb przedsiębiorstw, w kontekście piaskownic regulacyjnych, rozwijanych w związku z wdrażaniem regulacji AI Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-09-29", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office addresses legal gap in GDPR compliance", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/2165", "description": "The Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) in Poland noticed a legal gap while adjusting the provisions of the GDPR to the activities of psychological and pedagogical counselling centers. Currently, the Polish Education Law and the implementing acts related to it only cover partial protection of personal data contained in the documentation kept by the counselling centers. Therefore, the UODO President sent a formal request to the Minister of Education and Science to consider a comprehensive l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office's Sectoral Inspections Plan 2024", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/2986", "description": "On 12 February 2024, the Personal Data Protection Office in Poland announced its plan for sectoral inspections for the year. Specifically, the Office will focus on entities processing data using Internet applications, among other sectors.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-07-10", "title": "Act on National Cybersecurity System", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/kluczowe-zmiany-dla-ochrony-polskiej-infrastruktury-przed-cyberatakami", "description": "On 7 October 2024, the Poland Ministry of Digital Affairs published an announcement on the Amendment to the Act on the National Cybersecurity System after conducting a public consultation from 24 April to 24 May 2024. The Act would emphasise the integration of the NIS 2 Directive and the implementation of the 5G Cybersecurity Toolbox to ensure compliance with EU standards and to enhance Poland's digital security resilience. The Ministry of Digital Affairs aims to improve supervision over crit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-06-21", "title": "UODO guidelines on personal data protection in the workplace", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3098", "description": "On 21 June 2024, the Polish Data Protection Authority (UODO) closed its consultation on guidelines for personal data protection in the workplace. The guideline explains how employers should handle the personal data of job candidates and employees in compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It covers data processing during recruitment and employment, including various employment arrangements. Further, it emphasises that employers should only collect data authorised by law...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-31", "title": "Ministry of Digital Affairs brochure on forbidden AI systems", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/ministerstwo-cyfryzacji-zaprasza-do-udzialu-w-pracach-nad-wdrozeniem-ai-act", "description": "On 31 December 2024, the Ministry of Digital Affairs in Poland closed the consultation process for the implementation of the Regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI Act), focusing on the prohibition of goods and services related to ML and AI development. This national-level action aims to align with the European Union's efforts to create a uniform regulatory framework for AI and educate the affected people and businesses about the regulation. The consultation seeks to gather input on prohib...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-31", "title": "Ministry of Digital Affairs order on designation of authorities for the enforcement of fundamental rights protections in the EU Artificial Intelligence Act", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/wykaz-organow-i-instytucji-publicznych-w-polsce-z-obszaru-ochrony-praw-podstawowych-w-rozumieniu-rozporzadzenia-20241689-akt-o-sztucznej-inteligencji", "description": "On 31 October 2024, the Ministry of Digital Affairs designated three public bodies to oversee and enforce protections of fundamental rights related to high-risk artificial intelligence (AI) systems, as defined under Article 6 of the EU AI Act. Article 77(1) of the AI Act grants certain public authorities in EU Member States the responsibility to protect fundamental rights, including the right to non-discrimination, in relation to AI systems. These authorities are permitted to access documenta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-11", "title": "PDPO investigation into ClickQuickNow's compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2019/polish-dpa-withdrawal-consent-shall-not-be-impeded_en", "description": "On November 12, 2024, Poland's Supreme Administrative Court upheld a fine of PLN 201,559.50 against ClickQuickNow, dismissing the company’s appeal and confirming the earlier decision by the President of the Personal Data Protection Office (PDPO) concerning violations of the GDPR, including making it unnecessarily difficult to withdraw consent for personal data processing and failing to comply with the “right to be forgotten.” The Court agreed that ClickQuickNow employed misleading and overly ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-07-05", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into election-related privacy breaches", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3689", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the Polish Office for Personal Data Protection (UODO) announced that it is investigating potential breaches of data protection law during the presidential election campaign. The announcement emphasises that political candidates and election committees are subject to data protection obligations and that public figures are not exempt. The Office is examining several incidents in which personal data, including names, addresses, and sensitive contextual information such as health s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office's investigation into Glovo over alleged unlawful data collection practices of identity documents", "url": "https://orzeczenia.uodo.gov.pl/document/urn:ndoc:gov:pl:uodo:2022:dkn_5112_33/content?query=", "description": "On 19 February 2026, Poland’s Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) announced a fine of PLN 5.898 million against Glovo over the unlawful data collection practices in its mobile application. The authority found that the company unlawfully required users to submit scans or photos of identity cards or passports for fraud verification, including suspected theft, counterfeit payments, or mismatched card details, relying incorrectly on legitimate interest under Article 6(1) of the General Data Pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 January 2021", "title": "Content moderation restriction in draft Polish \"free speech law\"", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/zachecamy-do-zapoznania-sie-z-projektem-ustawy-o-ochronie-wolnosci-uzytkownikow-serwisow-spolecznosciowych", "description": "The Draft of the law on the protection of freedom of speech on social networking websites is announced by the Polish Minister of Justice. According to the drafted law, the social networks would be forbidden to delete entries or block the accounts of Polish users if their content does not violate Polish law. Moreover, a five-person Freedom of Speech Council would be established to monitor the constitutional freedom of expression on social networking sites. The law also requests the social med...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "波兰“言论自由法”草案中的内容审核限制", "description_zh": "波兰司法部长公布了保护社交网站言论自由的法律草案。根据起草的法律，如果波兰用户的内容不违反波兰法律，社交网络将被禁止删除条目或屏蔽波兰用户的帐户。此外，还将成立一个由五人组成的言论自由委员会，以监督社交网站上的宪法言论自由。法律还要求社会医疗..." }, { "date": "13 December 2021", "title": "Poland Competition investigation on Apple new privacy policy rules", "url": "https://www.uokik.gov.pl/news.php?news_id=18092", "description": "The Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) announced an investigation into the Privacy Policy introduced by Apple, which increases the requirements that the apps on iOS devices need to fulfil to track user activity. In particular, the Authority investigates whether the new rules are designed to promote and self-preference Apple's personalised advertising service (Apple Search Ads), determining a case of exclusionary abuse of market power. Apple also reduced the amount of datafl...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 August 2022", "title": "Investigation into Sulkowice Cultural Centre for alleged personal data protection violations", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/decyzje/DKN.5131.29.2022", "description": "On 16 August 2022, the Polish President of the Personal Data Protection Office issued a ruling in its investigation into personal data protection violations by the Sułkowice Cultural Centre. The investigation revealed that the controller outsourced the management and processing of personal data without entering into an official contract with the processor. In addition, the Persident found that the controller did not take the necessary steps required to ensure that the processor complies with ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2022", "title": "Office of Competition and Consumer Protection Investigation into Allegro for Alleged Abuse of Dominance through Self-Preferencing", "url": "https://uokik.gov.pl/aktualnosci.php?news_id=19182", "description": "On 29 December 2022, the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) sanctioned the online shopping platform Allegro with a fine of PLN 206 million for abusing its dominant position through self-preferencing. Allegro is both an intermediary platform in e-commerce (allegro.pl), and also sells goods on its own online store, called Official Allegro Store (OSA). OSA was the largest seller on allegro.pl. UOKiK decided to sanction Allegro for using non-public information from the s...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 November 2023", "title": "UODO investigation into Link4 regarding failure to report a data breach", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/2916", "description": "On 23 November 2023, the Polish Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) announced it fined the insurance company Link4 for failure to report a data breach. The company sent a damage compensation message to an unauthorised recipient, containing various personal data. The company was informed by the unauthorised recipient about the event but did not take any action. Later, the company explained that the message was sent as a result of human error. The fine amounts to PLN 103'752.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2023", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office order approving additional requirements for entities certifying compliance of personal data processing with GDPR", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/2927", "description": "On 8 December 2023, the Personal Data Protection Office (PDPO) approved additional requirements for the accreditation of certifying entities. The order aims to verify the compliance of personal data processing operations carried out by controllers and processors. The certification, which is voluntary, is intended to increase transparency and improve compliance with personal data protection standards, taking into account the specificity of various sectors. Entities that receive a certificate w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Bill amending Act on Providing Services by Electronic Means and certain other acts implementing Digital Services Act in Poland", "url": "https://www.prezydent.pl/aktualnosci/wydarzenia/prezydent-podpisal-osiem-ustaw-trzy-zawetowal%2C112911", "description": "On 9 January 2026, the President of Poland vetoed the Bill amending the Act on Providing Services by Electronic Means and certain other acts implementing the Digital Services Act. As a result of the veto, the Bill did not enter into force and the national statutory framework for enforcing the Digital Services Act in Poland was not established through this legislation. The veto halted the legislative process unless overridden by the House of Representatives under constitutional procedures.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 February 2024", "title": "Public Lawsuit involving Mayor of Aleksandrow Kujawski regarding data protection contract with processor", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3013", "description": "On 28 February 2024, the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland upheld a decision of the Warsaw Administrative Court. The ruling confirmed a penalty of PLN 40’000 imposed on the Mayor of Aleksandrow Kujawski for violating Art.28 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The case revolved around the Mayor's failure to enter into a data processing agreement with the company hosting the Public Information Bulletin (BIP) resources of the Aleksandrow Kujawski Municipal Office, and the enti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority Statement Regarding Processing of Employee Health Data by Medical Entities", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3022", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Polish Data Protection Authority (UODO) issued a statement on the processing of health data by medical entities in a dual role as both employers and medical service providers. This was the case in the judgment of 21 December 2023 in the case of sygn. C-667/21 Krankenversicherung Nordrhein. According to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union, if a medical entity processes health data of one of its employees not as an employer, but as a medical service,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 April 2024", "title": "Bill on designation of market surveillance authority and notifying authority under EU AI Act", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/wdrozenie-aktu-o-ai---prekonsultacje", "description": "On 23 April 2024, the Ministry of Digitization in Poland closed the consultation on a Bill on the designation of market surveillance authority and notifying authority under the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). The Ministry gathered initial opinions from AI sector stakeholders on how best to integrate the Act into Poland's legal system. Stakeholders were invited to share information on whether a new market surveillance authority under Polish law should be established or new...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 April 2024", "title": "Implementation Legislation of the EU Data Act (Directive (EU) 2020/1828)", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/wdrozenie-data-act---prekonsultacje", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Ministry of Digital Affairs in Poland closed its public consultation on a Bill implementing the EU Data Act (Directive (EU) 2020/1828) into Polish national Law. The pre-consultation aimed to gather initial opinions all stakeholders on how best to integrate the Data Act into Poland's legal system. Stakeholders were invited to share information on whether one or more authorities should be entrusted with the application and enforcement of the Data Act and if a new market su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "UODO lawsuit over data leak from pandabuy website", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3404", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the District Court for Warsaw-Śródmieście mandated the District Prosecutor's Office for Warszawa Śródmieście-Północ to investigate the data leak impacting Polish customers of the pandabuy platform. On 29 April 2024, the Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) had notified the prosecutor's office of a suspected crime involving the unauthorised leak of personal data from pandabuy platform, which included names, email addresses, phone numbers, and other information belonging t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Office for the Protection of Personal Data updated guide on obligations of administrators related to personal data protection breaches", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3561", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) adopted the updated version of its guide on personal data breaches, which includes new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) interpretations, revised risk assessment criteria, and updated reporting procedures. The guide outlines a range of cybersecurity measures, such as ransomware protection, phishing detection, and encryption practices, and clarifies the 72-hour notification deadline and exceptions. A new section addresses...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 May 2024", "title": "Lawsuit against Polish National Data Protection Regulation over alleged violation of right to privacy", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press#{%22fulltext%22:[%2272038/17%22]}", "description": "On 28 May 2024, the European Court of Human Rights delivered a decision regarding the Polish legislation on secret surveillance and data retention. The case, brought forward by five Polish nationals, challenged the national laws authorising operational control and the retention of telecommunications, postal, and digital communications data for potential future use by national authorities. The Court found three violations of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, highlighting th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 July 2024", "title": "UODO National Inquiry on data access rights under GDPR as part of EDPB Coordinated Enforcement Framework", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3127", "description": "On 31 July 2024, the Office for Personal Data Protection closes its consultation on the national study focusing on the exercise of the right of access to personal data by controllers. This study invites administrators to participate in a survey developed within the European Data Protection Board's (EDPB) Coordinated Enforcement Framework (CEF). The survey aims to promote GDPR compliance and disseminate best practices among organisations. This initiative, part of a broader effort involving 31 ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 August 2024", "title": "UODO guidelines on protecting children's privacy and images on the internet", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3215", "description": "On 8 July 2024, the Office for Personal Data Protection (UODO) published a guide to support institutions, organisations, and adults in protecting children's privacy and images on the internet. The guide outlines the legal and ethical considerations of sharing children's images online. Furthermore, the guide lists potential risks such as hate speech, cyberbullying, and identity theft and emphasises raising awareness about children's privacy in digital environments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 October 2024", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office investigation into Meta over publishing advertisements using Omenaa Mensah's data in Poland", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3479", "description": "On 10 December 2024, the Provincial Administrative Court in Warsaw (WSA) denied the appeal filed by Meta Platforms Ireland Limited, which sought to suspend the enforcement of orders issued by the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection (PUODO) banning the dissemination of purportedly false advertisements. The legal dispute pertained to allegations of unauthorised use of personal data and images of journalist Omena Mensah and entrepreneur Rafał Brzoska in advertisements deemed to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 February 2024", "title": "Draft Act on Data Management", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/projekt-ustawy-o-zarzadzaniu-danymi--czekamy-na-wasze-opinie-do-2-pazdziernika-2024-r", "description": "On 2 October 2024, the Polish government closes its public consultation on the Draft Act on Data Management (UC67). This Draft Act would align national regulations with the EU Data Governance Act (DGA), facilitating the sharing of both personal and non-personal data across various sectors. This Draft Act would align national regulations with the EU Data Governance Act (DGA), facilitating the sharing of both personal and non-personal data across various sectors. The Act proposes the establishm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 September 2024", "title": "UODO investigation into Morele.net over allegedly violating GDPR provisions", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3362", "description": "On 16 September 2024, the Provincial Administrative Court (WSA) dismissed Morele.net's complaint against the Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) regarding its decision finding that Morele.net had violated several GDPR provisions and imposing a fine of over PLN 3.8 million. The case was reconsidered after the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) annulled a previous ruling from 2023, which had initially dismissed Morele.net's appeal against a smaller fine of 2.8 million PLN imposed in 2019. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 September 2024", "title": "UODO investigation into the President of the District Court of Zgierz over alleged Dara Protection Breach", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3368", "description": "On 30 September 2024, the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) dismissed the cassation appeal of the President of the District Court in Zgierz and upheld the decision of the Provincial Administrative Court (WSA) in Warsaw. It confirms the Polish Data Protection Authority's (UODO) decision to impose a financial penalty for inadequate data protection measures. The investigation was started based on a personal data breach involving the loss of an unencrypted pen drive containing the data of 400 in...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Poland-United States of America Memorandum of Understanding concerning Cybersecurity and Emerging Technology Cooperation", "url": "https://www.dhs.gov/news/2024/10/03/dhs-polish-ministry-digital-affairs-sign-memorandum-understanding-promoting", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) of the United States of America and the Polish Ministry of Digital Affairs (MDA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to enhance their collaboration in the fields of cybersecurity and emerging technology. The objective of this agreement is to establish a structured framework for future policy and operational cooperation across a range of domains, including cyber policy and strategy, Secure by Design principles, information sha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 January 2025", "title": "Ministry of Digital Affairs guidelines on implementation procedure for content moderation under European Union's Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/prace-nad-ochrona-uzytkownikow-internetu--implementacja-unijnego-aktu-o-uslugach-cyfrowych-dsa", "description": "On 13 January 2025, the Ministry of Digital Affairs adopted guidelines on the implementation procedure for content moderation under European Union's Digital Services Act (DSA) in Poland. It was highlighted that DSA aims to hold digital companies accountable for platform content, focusing on combating illegal content and enhancing transparency. Currently, platforms including Facebook manage illegal content independently, but the DSA introduces state involvement through administrative procedure...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 August 2025", "title": "Office for Personal Data Protection lawsuit against Bank Millennium over data processing practices", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3510", "description": "On 8 January 2025, the Supreme Administrative Court in Warsaw (NSA) issued a ruling against Bank Millennium, thereby affirming the stance previously adopted by the President of the Office for Personal Data Protection (UODO). The court dismissed the bank's cassation appeal, thereby upholding the decision that the bank could not process the personal data of former customers under Article 6(1)(f) of the General Data Protection Regulation (RODO) to defend against potential future claims. The UODO...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 June 2025", "title": "Office of the Data Protection Commissioner guidance including recommendations against use of DeepSeek due to data protection concerns", "url": "https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3550", "description": "On 6 February 2025, the Office of Data Protection Commissioner (UODO) adopted an outline cautioning against the use of DeepSeek over data protection concerns. It was highlighted that the chatbot, developed by Chinese companies Hangzhou DeepSeek AI and Beijing DeepSeek AI, has been downloaded 3.6 million times in two weeks. UODO warned that user data may be stored on servers in China, which lacks an adequacy decision from the European Union (EU). It was also highlighted that Chinese authoriti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Office's proposal to introduce law to address dissemination of harmful deepfake content", "url": "https://uodo.gov.pl/pl/138/3886", "description": "On 18 September 2025, the President of the Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) presented a proposal to introduce a law protecting individuals from harmful deepfakes. The proposal focuses on technology companies and social media platforms hosting manipulated images, audio, or video of identifiable persons. It proposes legal accountability for creating and sharing deepfakes, stronger personal data protection, mandatory platform detection and labelling systems, rapid removal of illegal conten...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Lawsuit relating to classification of internet protocol addresses and cookie identifiers as personal data under General Data Protection Regulation", "url": "https://orzeczenia.nsa.gov.pl/doc/E1D0CC5377", "description": "On 16 October 2025, Poland's Supreme Administrative Court issued a ruling in the lawsuit relating to the classification of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and cookie identifiers as personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation. The Court upheld the Administrative Court's finding that the authority failed to properly justify whether dynamic IP addresses and cookie identities constituted personal data. The ruling clarifies that online identifiers are not automatically personal dat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 March 2026", "title": "Poland Establishes Single National AI Regulator (Central Authority)", "url": "https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/blog/ai-acts-enforcement-gap-what-polands-new-regulator", "description": "Poland established a single, new national regulator for AI enforcement: the Central Authority for AI Supervision. This contrasts with other member states using distributed models. The Oxfors BSG analysis notes this reveals an \"enforcement gap\" across member states as the August 2026 deadline approaches, with most countries not having national laws ready.", "categories": [ "National Implementation", "Regulatory Authority" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland from 2020 (Polityka dla rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji w Polsce od roku 2020) – Polityka rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji w Polsce na lata 2019–2027", "url": "https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20210000023", "description": "AI law in Poland: The Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland from 2020 (Polityka AI 2019–2027) is a national strategy adopted by the Council of Ministers that sets short-, medium- and long-term objectives to build Poland’s AI ecosystem, align with EU/OECD ethical standards, support business and research, and promote public-sector use of AI while protecting human dignity and fundamental rights. It defines six strategic pillars (AI and society; AI and innovative firms; AI and science; AI and education; international cooperation; AI and the public sector) together with tools such as data sharing, GovCloud, digital sandboxes and governance structures to coordinate implementation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Act on Artificial Intelligence Systems (Projekt ustawy o systemach sztucznej inteligencji)", "url": "https://legislacja.rcl.gov.pl/projekt/12390551/katalog/13087895#13087895", "description": "AI law in Poland: The Draft Act on Artificial Intelligence Systems is a Polish government bill designed to implement and complement the EU AI Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) at the national level. It creates a national supervisory architecture (including a proposed Commission for AI Development and Safety), sets conformity, registration and market surveillance rules for AI systems, and aligns enforcement and sanctions with the EU framework while adding national procedural and institutional detail....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Assumptions to AI Strategy in Poland (Proposition for an AI Strategy; Plan of activities of the Ministry of Digital Affairs)", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/documents/31305/436699/Za%C5%82o%C5%BCenia_do_strategii_AI_w_Polsce_-_raport.pdf/a03eb166-0ce5-e53c-52a4-3bfb903edf0a", "description": "AI law in Poland: In November 2018 the Polish Ministry of Digital Affairs (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji) published 'Założenia do strategii AI w Polsce. Plan działań Ministerstwa Cyfryzacji' — a non-binding national proposition that sets assumptions, objectives and a first two-year action plan for developing the national AI ecosystem. The document outlines governance, priorities (data economy, R&D funding, education, ethics and law), pilot projects, and coordination with EU initiatives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Act on Data Management (Projekt ustawy o zarządzaniu danymi)", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/projekt-ustawy-o-zarzadzaniu-danymi", "description": "AI law in Poland: The Draft Act on Data Management (Projekt ustawy o zarządzaniu danymi) implements the EU Data Governance Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/868) into Polish law. It establishes rules for re-use of certain protected public-sector data, creates a registration and supervision regime for data intermediation service providers, and sets up governance roles for the President of the Personal Data Protection Office (UODO) and the President of Statistics Poland (GUS)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Act on Open Data and Re-use of Public Sector Information (Ustawa o otwartych danych i ponownym wykorzystywaniu informacji sektora publicznego)", "url": "https://dziennikustaw.gov.pl/DU/2021/1641/D2021000164101.pdf", "description": "AI law in Poland: The Act establishes rules for publishing, sharing and re-use of public sector information in Poland, transposing and implementing EU Directive 2019/1024 on open data. It defines obligations for public entities to publish machine-readable, open-format datasets (including high-value and dynamic datasets), sets metadata and portal requirements, and creates a national data portal managed by the minister responsible for informatization....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Memorandum for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/ai/droga-polski-do-ai2", "description": "AI law in Poland: A high‑level inter‑ministerial memorandum signed in February 2019 establishing a coordinated, strategic approach to develop an AI ecosystem in Poland and to prepare a national AI policy (Polityka Rozwoju Sztucznej Inteligencji 2019–2027). It commits participating ministries to cooperate on research, education, data access, public‑private partnerships and alignment with EU and OECD guidance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategy for the Digitization of Poland to 2035 (Strategia Cyfryzacji Polski do 2035)", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/strategia-cyfryzacji-polski-do-2035-roku", "description": "AI law in Poland: The Strategy for the Digitization of Poland to 2035 is a comprehensive governmental draft strategy setting national digital transformation goals across public administration, the economy, and society; it was presented for public consultation in October 2024 and sets measurable targets to 2035 such as widespread digital identity, AI-assisted healthcare, and ICT workforce growth. (gov.pl)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 44, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "616" }, { "id": "RO", "title": "Romania", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-10-05", "title": "Romanian public consultation for implementation of EU DSM directive", "url": "http://www.cultura.ro/proiect-de-lege-12", "description": "The period for comments on the draft law to implement the EU DSM directive ends.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-09-27", "title": "Establishment of National Cyber Security Directorate", "url": "https://www.cert.ro/vezi/document/dnsc-romanian-national-cyber-security-directorate-approved-by-government", "description": "The Romania National Cyber Security Directorate (DNSC) is established, replacing the Romanian National Cyber Security Incident Response Team (CERT-RO). The DNSC will support the implementation of the new National Cyber Security Strategy and the implementation of the EU Cybersecurity Strategy, the NIS Directive and NIS 2.0. Moreover, it aims to contribute to the state budget, contribute to cyber crisis management and bring together key actors from state institutions, the private sector and aca...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-04-18", "title": "Law No. 50/2024 implementing Digital Services Act and designating Romanian competent authorities and digital services coordinator", "url": "https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/280106", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Bill to implement the Digital Services Act (Law No. 50/2024) came into effect. The Act aims to harmonise Romanian legislation with the requirements for digital services under the DSA. Key provisions include the designation of the National Authority for Communications Administration and Regulation (ANCOM) as the competent authority to supervise and ensure compliance with the DSA. ANCOM is designated as the single point of contact regarding the application of the DSA and t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-20", "title": "ANSPDCP investigation into Vodafone Romania regarding GDPR compliance in telecom services", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=Comunicat_Presa_20_01_2025&lang=en", "description": "On 20 January 2025, the Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP) issued a ruling against Vodafone Romania for breaching Articles 32(4) and 32(1)(b) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Vodafone was fined RON 74’526 (EUR 15’000) for failing to ensure the confidentiality of customer data, including names, personal identification numbers, and addresses. The Investigation revealed unauthorised data disclosures via invoice photos shared with third...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 December 2020", "title": "Competition Council of Romania Investigation into Dante International for abuse of dominance on e-Commerce platform", "url": "https://www.consiliulconcurentei.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/amenda-Emag-dec-2020.pdf", "description": "On 29 December 2020, the Romanian Competition Council (RCC) sanctioned e-commerce provider Dante International for abusing its dominance on its e-commerce platform eMAG with a fine of RON 32.28 million (EUR 6.7 million). Dante International used algorithms to disadvantage other vendors using its eMag platform while displaying its own products in a preferential matter. Dante International acknowledged its wrongdoings, and the fine was reduced by the RCC.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2024", "title": "ANSPDCP investigation into Vodafone's GDPR compliance", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ro/?page=Comunicat_Presa_28_10_2024&lang=ro", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the National Supervisory Authority for the Processing of Personal Data in Romania (ANSPDCP) concluded an investigation into Vodafone Romania SA, identifying a breach of Article 32 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The investigation, initiated from a complaint about the improper disclosure of email addresses in communications regarding account manager changes, revealed that Vodafone Romania SA failed to implement adequate technical and organisational measure...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2024", "title": "NAC and ANCOM investigation into TikTok for alleged failure to address disinformation and electoral manipulation amplification", "url": "https://www.cna.ro/article13567,13567.html?var_recherche=TikTok", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the National Audiovisual Council (NAC) submitted a complaint to the European Commission regarding possible violations of the Digital Services Act (DSA) by TikTok in the context of the Romanian presidential elections. The NAC and the National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications (ANCOM) noted that TikTok allegedly failed to prevent the spread of disinformation and the amplification of electoral manipulation. The NAC and ANCOM requested the European Com...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "28 November 2024", "title": "Supreme Council of National Defence investigation into TikTok over alleged electoral legislation violations", "url": "https://csat.presidency.ro/ro/comuni/sedinta-consiliului-suprem-de-aparare-a-tarii1732806302?fbclid=IwY2xjawG1cLFleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHY3Z2B4HiMzkN1nsT7kHP0N-UsyNabWGZjvkaBt0tCF0oVnFtjk1MvHVsg_aem_nvxoB_nnnYWWQeZ2NKVsqQ", "description": "On 28 November 2024, the Supreme Council of National Defence (CSAT) announced an investigation into TikTok for allegedly providing preferential treatment to a candidate in the presidential elections. It was stated that TikTok did not designate the candidate’s account as political and did not label campaign materials with the unique identification code required by the Permanent Electoral Authority. This was identified as non-compliance with electoral legislation, which increased the visibility...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 April 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Bitdefender over alleged GDPR violations following email security breach", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ro/?lang=ro&page=Comunicat_Presa_30_04_2025", "description": "On 30 April 2025, the Romanian National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP) concluded an investigation into Bitdefender SRL and found violations of Article 32(1)(b) and (d), as well as Article 32(2) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). As a result, the company was fined RON 49’772. The investigation was initiated following a personal data breach notification submitted by Bitdefender SRL under Article 33 of the GDPR. The breach was caused by a programming ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 August 2025", "title": "National Cyber Security Directorate order on requirements regarding registration notification process and method of submitting information (Order No. 1/2025)", "url": "https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/301473", "description": "On 20 August 2025, the National Cyber Security Directorate (DNSC) Order No. 1/2025 for the approval of the requirements regarding the notification process for the registration of essential and important entities and the method of transmitting information entered into force. The order was adopted on the basis of Government Emergency Ordinance No. 155/2024 on establishing a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems in the national civil cyberspace, approved with amendm...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 August 2025", "title": "National Cyber Security Directorate order on criteria and thresholds for determining degree of service disruption and methodology for assessing the risk level of entities (Order No. 2/2025)", "url": "https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/301475", "description": "On 20 August 2025, the National Cyber Security Directorate (DNSC) Order No. 2/2025 for the approval of the Criteria and thresholds for determining the degree of service disruption and the methodology for assessing the risk level of entities enters into force. The order was issued pursuant to Government Emergency Ordinance No. 155/2024 on establishing a framework for the cybersecurity of networks and information systems in the national civil cyberspace, as amended by Law No. 124/2025, and Gove...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 July 2025", "title": "Local content requirement in National Audiovisual Council's Decision on audio-visual content regulatory code (Decision No. 573)", "url": "https://legislatie.just.ro/public/DetaliiDocument/299703", "description": "On 7 August 2025, the Decision No. 573 establishing an audio-visual content regulatory code, including local content requirements, entered into force. The code applies to all television and radio broadcasters, video-on-demand platforms, and video-sharing services under Romanian jurisdiction. The code mandates a minimum of 50% of broadcasting time for European works, excluding time devoted to information, sports events, games, advertising, teletext and teleshopping services. Additionally, they...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 June 2025", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Digital Age of Majority Law (L190/2025 / PLX356/2025)", "url": "https://www.senat.ro/legis/PDF/2025/25L190FG.PDF?nocache=true", "description": "On 6 October 2025, the Senate of Romania passed the Digital Age of Majority Law (L190/2025), containing content moderation regulation. The Law would establish requirements for online service providers regarding minors and aims to align with existing online minor protection provisions in the General Data Protection Regulation and the Digital Services Act. The Law would require online service providers with users who are minors to take proportionate measures to protect those users via online in...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 January 2026", "title": "National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing investigation into Continental Automotive Products SRL over alleged failure to protect employee data", "url": "https://www.dataprotection.ro/index.jsp?page=Comunicat_Presa_19_01_2026&lang=ro", "description": "On 19 January 2026, the National Supervisory Authority for Personal Data Processing (ANSPDCP) imposed fines totalling EUR 15'000 (RON 25'455 and RON 50'911) against Continental Automotive Products SRL for breaches of the General Data Protection Regulation. The ANSPDCP imposed a EUR 5'000 fine for infringements of Article 5(1)(c) and Article 5(2) on data minimisation and accountability, and a EUR 10'000 fine for infringements of Article 32(1)(b) and Article 32(2) on the security of processing....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Romania - EU AI Regulation Implementation", "url": "https://cms.law/en/int/expert-guides/ai-regulation-scanner/romania", "description": "Romania implements EU AI Act via national regulation, aligning with the EU-wide framework. Romania follows the EU classification system for risk-based AI regulation.", "categories": [ "National Implementation" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Government Memorandum No. 20D/31781/MN on Artificial Intelligence (establishing national AI initiatives and governance structures)", "url": "https://www.research.gov.ro/se-infiinteaza-comitetul-roman-pentru-inteligenta-artificiala-6299/", "description": "AI law in Romania: Government Memorandum No. 20D/31.781/MN (November 2022) establishes a national governance framework for artificial intelligence in Romania, creating the Romanian Committee for Artificial Intelligence and directing the development of national AI initiatives including a Scientific and Ethics Council, Education Council, and a national AI hub. It sets strategic priorities for coordination, monitoring, and the creation of an AI ecosystem aligned with ethical principles and EU-level developments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cadru Strategic Național în domeniul Inteligenței Artificiale (CSN-IA) — National Strategic Framework for Artificial Intelligence (document submitted to public consultation, October 2023)", "url": "https://www.research.gov.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Propunere-Cadru-Strategic-National-IA-.pdf", "description": "AI law in Romania: The CSN-IA is a draft national strategic framework (2023-2027) prepared by the Authority for Digitalisation of Romania (ADR) with partners, submitted to public consultation in October 2023. It sets high-level objectives, governance arrangements, priority programmes (education, infrastructure, RDI, adoption in public administration), and a roadmap to align Romania with European AI policy and responsible AI practices....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Government Memorandum (23 April 2024) — Memorandum on establishing a national coordination committee for data, digital services and artificial intelligence (Memorandum privind stabilirea unui comitet de coordonare la nivelul României în domeniul datelor, serviciilor digitale şi inteligenței artificiale)", "url": "https://www.adr.gov.ro/", "description": "AI law in Romania: On 23 April 2024 the Romanian Government approved a memorandum establishing a national Coordination Committee for Data, Digital Services and Artificial Intelligence to harmonise and coordinate national implementation of EU rules on data governance, digital services and AI. The Committee brings together relevant national authorities and agencies to exchange expertise, coordinate market interventions, produce guidance and represent Romania in EU-level working groups....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Government Memorandum (11 November 2022) — Memorandum on establishing the Romanian Committee for Artificial Intelligence (Memorandum privind înființarea Comitetului Român pentru Inteligență Artificială)", "url": "https://www.mcid.gov.ro/se-infiinteaza-comitetul-roman-pentru-inteligenta-artificiala-6299/", "description": "AI law in Romania: The Government Memorandum (November 2022) initiates the establishment of the Romanian Committee for Artificial Intelligence (CRIA / "AI Romania") as a national, consultative governance body under the Prime Minister with technical secretariat support from the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (MCID). It sets out objectives to coordinate national AI initiatives, advise on ethics and education, support a national AI strategy and to operate as a central contact point for AI-related stakeholders....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Romanian AI Legislative Proposal L255/2024 (Rejected)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj?eliuri=eli%3Areg%3A2024%3A1689%3Aoj&locale=ro&utm_source=openai", "description": "AI law in Romania: No published, consolidated Romanian "AI Act Implementation Law" was located. The closest primary national instrument is a parliamentary proposal titled "Propunere legislativă....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 20, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "642" }, { "id": "Quad", "title": "Quad", "entries": [ { "date": "20 April 2025", "title": "AI research activity: 78670 publications in Natural Language Processing", "url": "https://cat.eto.tech/?country=Quad", "description": "Quad published 78670 AI-related research articles in the field of Natural Language Processing according to ETO's Country Activity Tracker.", "categories": [ "Research & Development" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "UN", "title": "United Nations", "entries": [ { "title": "Artificial Intelligence and emerging technologies | UNESCO", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence", "description": "Internet Universality Indicators ... inclusive, future-ready digital governance. News · UNESCO and University of Oxford launch a free global course on AI and Rule of Law · 27 April 2026 ·...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "The 4th Global Forum on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/4th-global-forum-ethics-artificial-intelligence", "description": "It brings together global leaders, policymakers, experts, and stakeholders to strengthen dialogue and promote practical and sustainable approaches to the ethics and governance of artificial intelligence · This year’s Global Forum will be held alongside the Global AI Summit 2026, as part ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-21", "title": "UN General Assembly Resolution on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.un.org/en/ga/78/resolutions.shtml", "description": "First UN General Assembly resolution on AI, calling for safe, secure, and trustworthy AI systems", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "UN General Assembly Resolution on AI in the Context of Global Development", "url": "https://www.un.org/en/ga/79/resolutions.shtml", "description": "UN GA resolution on leveraging AI for sustainable development while managing risks", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "World Privacy Forum", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/civil-society-organizations/world-privacy-forum", "description": "At OECD, WPF researchers participate in the OECD.AI AI Expert Groups, and have participated in negotiating the original OECD Recommendation on AI and its update. WPF research on complex data ecosystems governance, ethics, and data protection has been presented at the National Academies of Science, the Royal Academies of Science and others, including the Mongolian Academy of Sciences.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Impact Alliance (AIIA)", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/civil-society-organizations/ai-impact-alliance-aiia", "description": "The Art, AI, Law and Society Resource Cluster is a platform aimed at seizing the opportunities of AI and generative AI in the arts and culture sector, while addressing its legal and economic implications. Adopting a gender-sensitive intersectional perspective, the Cluster aims to balance technological innovation and social justice, serving as a counterweight to the growing influence of tech giants on public policy and AI governance.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI and technologies in education | UNESCO", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/digital-education", "description": "UNESCO partners with countries and institutions on ideas, research, and evidence-informed digital learning policy and practice, especially in disadvantaged settings. Through our digital and AI competency frameworks, UNESCO prioritizes human agency, critical thinking, and ethics among students and teachers in an age of generative AI.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Launch of the Observatory on Artificial Intelligence in Education for", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/launch-observatory-artificial-intelligence-education-latin-america-and-caribbean-connecting", "description": "The event is also envisaged as a space for coordination among Ministries of Education, universities, research centres, the technology sector, civil society and multilateral organizations. Its purpose is to encourage ongoing exchange between practice, innovation and public policy, as well as to mobilise concrete commitments from strategic partners around a shared roadmap for the period 2026–2029.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Time to apply the brakes to runaway AI, says pioneer | UN News", "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167361", "description": "While the focus of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development is on global‑level digital policymaking, discussions at the AI For Social Development Conference underscored the need for transparent, accountable and rights‑based AI governance to address risks such as bias, opaque algorithms and having large volumes of data concentrated in the hands of just a privileged few massive corporations.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS | TechCul Dialogues: AI and the Future of Culture in East and Southeast Asia", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/call-submissions-techcul-dialogues-ai-and-future-culture-east-and-southeast-asia", "description": "The TechCul Dialogues is a new UNESCO regional initiative designed to foster dialogue, collaboration and policy innovation on artificial intelligence (AI) and culture in East and Southeast Asia.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Press Briefing: Global Dialogue on AI Governance | UN Web TV", "url": "https://webtv.un.org/en/asset/k1f/k1fmoodzox", "description": "The Co-Chairs of the Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance, Egriselda López, Permanent Representative of El Salvador to the UN and Rein Tammsaar, Permanent Representative of Estonia to the UN, together with Amandeep Gill, UN Under-Secretary-General and Special Envoy for Digital and Emerging Technologies, will brief the media in Geneva.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "UNESCO Puts Sustainable AI in the Spotlight at Adopt AI Summit in", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-puts-sustainable-ai-spotlight-adopt-ai-summit-paris", "description": "The booth highlighted UNESCO’s, initiatives on Green AI and sustainable digital transformation, the Data Governance Toolkit and its implementation, its Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, as well as AI-related use cases in the Natural Sciences.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "The AI Divide: From Warning to Action | UN Office for Partnerships", "url": "https://unpartnerships.un.org/events/ai-divide-warning-action", "description": "This Goals Lounge discussion will explore how governments, international organizations, and the private sector can work together to ensure AI becomes a force for inclusive and sustainable development.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "Global Digital Compact — AI Governance Provisions", "url": "https://www.un.org/en/summit-of-the-future/global-digital-compact", "description": "UN Global Digital Compact including provisions for international AI governance framework", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Putting humans at the centre: UN AI panel begins work on global impact study | UN News", "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/04/1167263", "description": "The Panel has been mandated to produce an annual report with evidence-based scientific assessments related to the opportunities, risks and impacts of artificial intelligence, which will be presented at the United Nations Global Dialogue on AI ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Responsible AI in practice: 2025 global insights from the AI Company Data Initiative", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/responsible-ai-practice-2025-global-insights-ai-company-data-initiative", "description": "Just as we expect openness and accountability from government, it is important that the private sector meets comparable transparency standards for AI that affects the public. ... UNESCO Learning Cities Webinar: ‘Empowering women through lifelong learning – The role of female leadership in learning cities' ... UNESCO Learning Cities webinar: ‘AI for lifelong learning in cities – Shaping inclusive local practice' ... 2026 global conference on the International Decade of Sciences for S...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "A pioneering report by the Thomson Reuters Foundation and UNESCO sheds", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/pioneering-report-thomson-reuters-foundation-and-unesco-sheds-light-way-3000-companies-approach-ai", "description": "Only 1 in 6/7 companies could identify the person within their organization responsible for the ethical risks that may emerge at different stages of the AI lifecycle. For ¾ of companies, the report found no evidence of policies related to checking ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Readiness Assessment Methodology | Global AI Ethics and Governance Observatory", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/ram", "description": "By providing detailed and comprehensive insights into different dimensions of AI readiness, it helps highlight any institutional and regulatory gaps and enables UNESCO to tailor support for governments to fill those gaps, in order to ensure ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Day 2026 at UNESCO: Youth and Digital Transformation | UNESCO", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ai-day-2026-unesco-youth-and-digital-transformation", "description": "On 27 March 2026, the Headquarters of UNESCO in Paris will host a Priority Africa conference: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to drive sustainable development, organized in partnership with CODEMAO", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 19, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "IEEE", "title": "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)", "entries": [ { "date": "9 January 2021", "title": "IEEE 7000-2021 — Standard for Ethical Design of AI Systems", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/7000/7465/", "description": "IEEE standard for incorporating ethical concerns into the design of AI systems", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "ITU", "title": "International Telecommunication Union (ITU)", "entries": [ { "date": "6 January 2022", "title": "ITU-T Y.4904 — AI for Sustainable Cities", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Y.4904", "description": "ITU recommendation on AI applications for sustainable smart cities", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "PK", "title": "Pakistan", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-05-07", "title": "Third blocking of TikTok", "url": "https://www.pta.gov.pk/assets/media/det_complaint_removal_unlawful_content_07072021.pdf", "description": "The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) has decided not to implement a full block of TikTok in the country on 5 July 2021, citing the company's actions in blocking banned content. The PTA also noted, however, that it reserves the right to initiate legal proceedings again as soon as the platform does not block objectionable content again.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-19", "title": "Data localisation measures in Pakistan Personal Data Protection Bill", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Final%20Draft%20Personal%20Data%20Protection%20Bill%20May%202023.pdf", "description": "On 19 May 2023, the Pakistan Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication (MITT) released a draft of the Pakistan Personal Data Protection Bill containing data localisation measures. In particular, the Bill requires that certain types of data, such as critical personal data, must be stored and processed within the territory of Pakistan.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-10-13", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content (Procedure, Oversight and Safeguards) Rules 2021", "url": "https://www.pta.gov.pk/assets/media/removal_blocking_unlawful_content_rules_2021_20102021.pdf", "description": "On 13 October 2021, the \"Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content (Procedure, Oversight and Safeguards) Rules 2021\", prescribed by the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority, were published in the official gazette of Pakistan, updating the 2021 version of the Rules. The rules contain a data localisation requirement for social media providers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-19", "title": "Registration requirements in Pakistan Personal Data Protection Bill", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Final%20Draft%20Personal%20Data%20Protection%20Bill%20May%202023.pdf", "description": "On 19 May 2023, the Pakistan Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication (MITT) released a draft of the Pakistan Personal Data Protection Bill (PDPB). In particular, the Act would require data controllers and processors to register with the National Commission for Personal Data Protection (NCPDP).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 January 2020", "title": "Restriction of dating services by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority", "url": "https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/media-center/single-media/pta-blocks-five-datinglive-streaming-applications-010920", "description": "Pakistan Telecommunication Authority blocks access to five dating/live streaming applications due to allegedly immoral content (Tinder, Tagged, Skout, Grindr and SayHi).", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2021", "title": "Second blocking of TikTok by PTA", "url": "https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/media-center/single-media/tiktok-app-unblocked-in-pakistan--020421", "description": "The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority lifts the second ban on TikTok.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 October 2020", "title": "Content monitoring requirement in Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content Rules 2020", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Social%20Media%20Rules.pdf", "description": "On 20 October 2020, the Pakistan Telecom Authority published the Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Online Content (Procedure, Oversight and Safeguards) Rules 2020, which include a requirement to take down illegal content within 24 hours. Unlawful content includes any content that offends the \"glory of Islam\", the integrity and security of Pakistan, the public order, decency and morality.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 January 2025", "title": "Digital Nation Pakistan Bill 2025 establishing the Digital Authority", "url": "https://www.senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1738226419_423.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2025, the Digital Nation Pakistan Act 2025, which establishes the Pakistan Digital Authority enters into force. The Act aims to facilitate the digital transformation of the economy, governance, and society by creating a comprehensive framework for digital governance. The Authority is responsible for implementing the National Digital Masterplan, overseeing digital transformation, and ensuring alignment with national goals across sectors. It will issue regulations, facilitates coo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/Download", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023 (PDPB 2023) is a draft federal law proposed by the Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication to regulate the processing, storage and transfer of personal data in Pakistan. It establishes data subject rights, obligations for data controllers and processors, breach notification duties, and creates a National Commission for Personal Data Protection (NCPDP) with oversight and enforcement powers....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy (National AI Policy) 2025", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SliderDetail/NWIyMzEwYzktYTIwYy00ZTk0LWI5ODUtYjg5NjZmYTYyMTg2", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2025 (National AI Policy) establishes a six‑pillar national roadmap to build an inclusive, secure and innovation-driven AI ecosystem in Pakistan. Approved by the Federal Cabinet on 30–31 July 2025, it creates institutional structures (AI Council, Master Plan), funding instruments (National AI Fund / NAIF), Centres of Excellence, regulatory sandboxes and sectoral roadmaps to drive skills, research, infrastructure and responsible deployment....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill, 2024", "url": "https://www.senate.gov.pk/en/billsummary.php?bid=1544", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Bill, 2024 (introduced in the Senate by Senator Dr. Afnan Ullah Khan) proposes a national regulatory framework for the development, deployment and oversight of AI in Pakistan. Key measures include creation of an Artificial Intelligence Commission, registration and oversight duties, obligations on transparency, data governance alignment with data-protection initiatives, incident reporting, and significant administrative penalties for non-compliance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Digital Pakistan Policy (2018)", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/DIGITAL%20PAKISTAN%20POLICY.pdf", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Digital Pakistan Policy (May 2018) is Pakistan's national roadmap to build a holistic digital ecosystem by promoting broadband access, digitisation of public services, incentives for the IT/ITeS industry, data protection frameworks, and capacity building. Approved by the federal cabinet in May 2018, it sets institutional responsibilities and an implementation agenda to accelerate digital transformation across sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Prevention of Electronic Crimes (Amendment) Act, 2025", "url": "https://www.senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1738226500_897.pdf", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Prevention of Electronic Crimes (Amendment) Act, 2025 amends the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act, 2016 to add new offences (including a specific provision criminalising dissemination of false or 'fake' information), create a Social Media Protection and Regulatory Authority and a National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency, and confer takedown, blocking and registration powers over online platforms. The Act came into force upon publication in the Official Gazette on 29 January 2025....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Cyber Security Policy 2021", "url": "https://www.pta.gov.pk", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The National Cyber Security Policy 2021 (NCSP 2021), issued by the Ministry of Information Technology & Telecommunication (MoITT), establishes a national framework to strengthen Pakistan’s cyber resilience, protect critical information infrastructure, and coordinate public-private cybersecurity governance. The policy sets out governance structures, risk-based approaches, standards, capacity-building, incident response arrangements and international cooperation measures to manage cyber threats across government, critical sectors and private industry....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Digital Nation Pakistan Act, 2025", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SliderDetail/YjY0ZGZiOTctNjY2Yy00YWQwLTg3ZmEtZDUyMGYxNjlkOTM0", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Digital Nation Pakistan Act, 2025 (Act No. I of 2025) establishes a national framework for Pakistan’s digital transformation by creating the Pakistan Digital Authority, the National Digital Commission, and related oversight bodies to implement a National Digital Masterplan. The Act provides institutional powers to coordinate digital public infrastructure, promote interoperable digital services, and govern data sharing while requiring reporting and oversight mechanisms to monitor implementation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Presidential Initiative for Artificial Intelligence & Computing (PIAIC)", "url": "https://president.gov.pk/president-dr-arif-alvi-visited-the-test-centre-of-the-presidential-initiative-for-artificial-intelligence-computing-piaic-entry-test-2022-in-karachi?utm_source=openai", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Presidential Initiative for Artificial Intelligence and Computing (PIAIC) is a nationwide, Presidential-led strategy to accelerate digital upskilling in Pakistan through large-scale training and education programs in Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Cloud Native Computing and Internet of Things. Launched under the auspices of the President’s office and implemented via public–private partnerships, PIAIC focuses on workforce development, inclusion (notably women’s participation), and university and industry collaboration to build an AI-ready talent pool for domestic and export markets. (piaic.org)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Pakistan Cloud First Policy", "url": "https://moitt.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Pakistan%20Cloud%20First%20Policy-Final-25-02-2022.pdf", "description": "AI law in Pakistan: The Pakistan Cloud First Policy (PCFP) — approved by the federal cabinet in February 2022 — requires public sector entities to prioritise cloud-based solutions for new ICT investments, establishes a Cloud Office and accreditation regime for Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), and defines data classification and security baselines to improve efficiency, reduce costs and strengthen information security. The policy also sets procurement and governance arrangements to accelerate digital transformation across federal public sector entities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 17, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "586" }, { "id": "MY", "title": "Malaysia", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "Data protection regulation in Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/personal-data-protection-amendment-act-2024-commencement-date-determination/", "description": "On 1 June 2025, sections 6 and 9 of the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727) entered into force, mandating the appointment of data protection officers for data controllers and processors and introducing the right to data portability, subject to technical feasibility and format compatibility.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-12-15", "title": "General Code of Practice of Personal Data Protection", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/jpdpv2/assets/2023/01/28.12.2022-FINAL-PRINTING-COP-BI.pdf", "description": "On 15 December 2022, the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Commissioner adopted the General Code of Practice (CoP) of Personal Data Protection, which established new legal requirements for data processors under the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA). The new requirements include notifying data subjects on whether any sensitive data will be processed and measures taken to ensure its safety, the need for a data processor to establish a system for data records, develop a compliance framew...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-26", "title": "Cybersecurity governance framework in Cyber Security Act 2024", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(B)%20334/2024", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Cyber Security Act 2024 entered into force. The Act outlines specific aspects and responsibilities related to cyber security in Malaysia and establishes the National Cyber Security Committee. The Committee will be responsible for formulating policies and strategies and overseeing their implementation to protect against cyber threats. The National Cyber Security Agency's (NACSA) Chief Executive is responsible for advising on, coordinating, and supervising the national cy...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-04", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/personal-data-protection-amendment-act-2024-commencement-date-determination/", "description": "On 1 April 2025, section 129 of the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727) entered into force, removing the previous white-list regime for cross-border data transfers. Under the amended provisions, data controllers may transfer personal data to jurisdictions providing comparable levels of protection, contingent upon conducting impact assessments to evaluate safeguards in recipient countries. This change was implemented alongside other amendments in sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 1...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-09", "title": "Data Portability under Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/jpdpv2/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Kenyataan_Media_Kertas_Konsultasi_Awam_V2.pdf", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the Malaysian Department of Personal Data Protection closed its public consultation on Paper No. 3/2024 in relation to amendments to the Personal Data Protection Act. In particular, the consultation focuses in the introduction of new rights for data subjects to request that their personal data be transferred from one data controller to another. The results of the consultation will be used to prepare the final draft of regulations and guidelines to implement the Amendment ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-05-02", "title": "MCMC investigation into online gambling websites", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/media/press-clippings/6-381-laman-sesawang-judi-dalam-talian-disekat-mcm", "description": "On 5 February 2023, the Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced that it had blocked 6'381 online gambling websites under the Common Gaming Houses Act 1953 between 2020 and 2022. MCMC confirmed the termination of 212'399 phone lines between 2020 and 2022 for promoting gambling and unlicensed loans via spam SMS. MCMC highlighted providing technical support to the Royal Malaysian Police and encouraged the public to report gambling-related ads received through SMS or so...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-26", "title": "Cyber Security (Period for Cyber Security Risk Assessment and Audit) Regulations 2024", "url": "https://www.zulrafique.com.my/ckfinder/userfiles/files/legislation%20update/CyberSecurity_PeriodforCyberSecurityRiskAssessmentandAudit_Regulations2024.pdf", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Cyber Security (Period for Cyber Security Risk Assessment and Audit) Regulations entered into force. The regulations mandate that entities owning or operating national critical information infrastructure conduct a cyber security risk assessment annually and an audit biennially or more frequently as directed by the Chief Executive of the National Cyber Security Agency Malaysia (NACSA).", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-26", "title": "Cyber Security (Compounding of Offences) Regulations 2024", "url": "https://www.nacsa.gov.my/doc/CYBER%20SECURITY%20(COMPOUNDING%20OF%20OFFENCES).pdf", "description": "On 15 August 2024, the Cyber Security (Compounding of Offences) Regulations 2024 were implemented. Section 60 of the CSA allows the Minister of Digital to establish regulations that prescribe certain offences under the CSA as compoundable and outline the method for compounding such offences. The Compounding Regulations identify six offences that can be compounded with the Public Prosecutor's written consent. These offences include an NCII Entity's failure to provide information about its NCII...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "Personal Data Protection Department guidelines on cross-border personal data transfers", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ujXHLtekUoJ1EswqIQy7s4B0OIXcddOS/view", "description": "On 29 April 2025, the Personal Data Protection Department (PDPD) published guidelines on cross-border personal data transfer, in line with Section 129 of the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709). The guideline details mechanisms for transferring data outside Malaysia, such as ensuring data is sent to countries with substantially similar laws or adequate protection levels, obtaining consent from data subjects, and using binding corporate rules, recognised certifications, or standard con...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-12", "title": "Cabinet order establishing National AI Office", "url": "https://www.mydigital.gov.my/initiatives/the-national-ai-office-naio/", "description": "On 12 December 2024, the National AI Office (NAIO) was launched as the central authority for the governance of artificial intelligence. The NAIO will set strategic directions, guide policymaking, drive research and development, and address regulatory concerns related to AI, with the goal of positioning Malaysia as a leading regional hub.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Online Safety Act 2025 (Act 866)", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(B)%20449/2025&status=PRINCIPAL", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Online Safety Act 2025, including content moderation authority governance, enters into force. The Act applies to licensed service providers, including Application Service Providers (ASPs), Content Application Service Providers (CASPs), and Network Service Providers (NSPs). The Act requires service providers to implement risk-based safety measures, child protection safeguards, and reporting mechanisms. The Act establishes an Online Safety Committee to oversee and regulat...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commissioner guidelines for appointment of data protection officers", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GARIS-PANDUAN-PERLINDUNGAN-DATA-PERIBADI_PELANTIKAN-PEGAWAI-PERLINDUNGAN-DATA.pdf", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Commissioner of Malaysia released Guidelines for the Appointment of Data Protection Officers (DPOs). The guidelines outline the requirements, roles, and responsibilities that data controllers and processors must adhere to, ensuring compliance with the Personal Data Protection Act 2010. The guidelines emphasise the legal requirement for data controllers and processors to appoint DPOs if their processing activities involve personal data exceedin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commissioner guidelines on personal data breach notification", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GARIS-PANDUAN-PERLINDUNGAN-DATA-PERIBADI_-PEMBERITAHUAN-PELANGGARAN-DATA-1.pdf", "description": "On 25 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Commissioner of Malaysia adopted guidelines on personal data breach notification. This document outlines the requirements and procedures for notifying the Commissioner and affected data subjects in the event of a personal data breach, as mandated by the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709). The guidelines emphasise the importance of recognising and reporting personal data breaches, which are defined as incidents that lead to unauthorise...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Personal Data Protection Department automated decision-making and profiling guideline", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/announcement-on-the-public-consultation-paper-pcp-on-personal-data-protection-2025/", "description": "On 19 May 2025, the Data Protection Authority closes its consultation on the automated decision-making and profiling guidelines under Malaysia’s Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709). The guidelines aim to provide clarity on the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and other automated processes in decisions that may affect individuals. It also seeks to align Malaysia’s data protection framework with global standards. It introduces proposed definitions for automated dec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into allegedly offensive representation of national flag in violation of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (AKM 1998)", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/ms/media/press-releases/ilustrasi-jalur-gemilang-tidak-lengkap-mcmc-jalan", "description": "On 15 May 2025, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced an investigation relating to a social media post featuring an incomplete depiction of the Jalur Gemilang (Malaysia's national flag), following several public complaints. The investigation is being conducted under Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, which prescribes penalties of up to MYR 500'000 in fines or two years imprisonment, or both, for offenses concerned with offensive content.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "Personal Data Protection Department appointment of Data Protection Officer guideline", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/garis-panduan-dan-pekeliling-perlindungan-data-peribadi-pelantikan-pegawai-perlindungan-data-dpo-dan-pemberitahuan-pelanggaran-data/", "description": "On 1 June 2025, the Personal Data Protection Department's circular on Data Protection Officer appointment (Circular No. 1/2025) enters into force. The circular implements the amended Personal Data Protection Act by requiring organisations that process large volumes of personal data to appoint qualified DPOs. The DPO appointments are required if an organisation processes personal data of over 20’000 individuals, handles sensitive data (such as financial information) for more than 10'000 indivi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-09", "title": "Data Protection Authority Regulation regulation amending Personal Data Protection Regulations (335/2013)", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/kertas-konsultasi-awam-bil-4-2025-cadangan-pindaan-ke-atas-peraturan-peraturanperlindungan-data-peribadi-2013-p-u-a-335-2013/", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the Malaysian Data Protection Authority closes the consultation on the regulation amending the Personal Data Protection Regulations 2013 (335/2013). First, the draft regulation changes all references in the original Regulation from “data user” to “data controller”. Second, the draft regulation obliges data controllers to display business contact information for appointed Data Protection Officers or other individuals responsible for handling matters relating to personal da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "Prohibition of digital services tax in United States-Malaysia Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2025/10/agreement-between-the-united-states-of-america-and-malaysia-on-recipricol-trade/", "description": "On 26 October 2025, the United States and Malaysia signed an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. The Agreement provides that Malaysia shall not impose digital services taxes discriminatory against US companies in law or in fact.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into illegal content displayed on social media platforms", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/0958hrs_MCMC-PERKUKUH-PERLINDUNGAN-KANAK-KANAK-DALAM-TALIAN-MENJELANG-PENGUATKUASAAN-AKTA-KESELAMATAN-DALAM-TALIAN.pdf", "description": "On 3 December 2025, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced that between 1 January 2024 and 30 November 2025, it had identified 957 cases of child-related obscene content and had secured the removal of 899 posts, corresponding to a compliance rate of 94% from the part of the social media platforms. Tumblr, TikTok, and Facebook were the platforms that most frequently responded. Enforcement activities were carried out through joint operations with the Royal Malay...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-23", "title": "Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into X over alleged misuse of artificial intelligence to generate harmful content", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/media/press-releases/akses-kepada-grok-dikembalikan-setelah-x-laksana", "description": "On 23 January 2026, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) lifted the temporary restriction on access to the Grok application on the X platform, after X implemented additional preventive and safety measures. The MCMC noted that a meeting was held on 21 January with the Ministry of Communications and X representatives to review compliance with Malaysian law and the implementation of safeguards. The MCMC will continue to monitor Grok to ensure ongoing compliance. Any futu...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Online Safety (Period) Regulations 2025 [P.U.(A) 465/2025]", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(A)%20465/2025&status=PRINCIPAL", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Online Safety (Period) Regulations, including content moderation rules under the Online Safety Act 2025, enter into force. The Regulations apply to licensed application service providers, licensed content application service providers, and the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (the Commission). They establish prescribed timeframes for content moderation and complaint procedures. Service providers must act promptly on user reports under the Online Safety...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Online Safety (Online Safety Appeal Tribunal) Regulations 2025 [P.U.(A) 478/2025]", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(A)%20478/2025&status=PRINCIPAL", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Online Safety (Online Safety Appeal Tribunal) Regulations under the Online Safety Act 2025 enter into force. The Regulations establish procedures for appeals against written instructions, determinations, directions, or decisions of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) on online safety matters. The Regulations provide that aggrieved individuals or entities must file a notice of appeal within 14 days with an RM 1'000 fee, after which the Tribunal ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into China Press over alleged publication of false online content", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/KENYATAAN-MEDIA_MCMC-TERIMA-ADUAN-KANDUNGAN-DALAM-TALIAN-CHINA-PRESS-SIASATAN-SEDANG-DIJALANKAN_20260120.pdf", "description": "On 20 January 2026, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) opened an investigation into China Press under Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 following public complaints about allegedly false online content. The investigation concerns online content published by China Press relating to a speech by the King of Malaysia at the Opening Ceremony of Parliament, which complainants allege constitutes an improper use of network or communications services w...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-09", "title": "MCMC DNS Redirection Suspension", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/en/public/news/26322-dns-redirection-no-timeline-set-for-mcmc-engagement-sessions-teo", "description": "On 8 September 2024, the Ministry of Communications ordered the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) to suspend the implementation of its Domain Name Service (DNS) redirection and internet access restriction. The Ministry also stated that no implementation timeline had been set for the policy going forward.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2021", "title": "Criminalization of \"fake news\" spread including take-down obligations", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZOWsLPsqNL-fuIcS3w7LRsmYnqeRWk__/view", "description": "On 12 March 2021, the Malaysian Parliament implemented the Emergency (Essential Powers) (No.2) Ordinance 2021. The ordinance criminalises the creation, publication or distribution of \"fake news\", defined as any information \"wholly or partly false relating to Covid-19 or the proclamation of emergency\". Any person that creates or disseminates any fake news can be fined up to one hundred thousand ringgit and/or imprisoned for up to three years. Moreover, the Ordinance requires any legal person h...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2021", "title": "RMCD Guide on Digital Services by Foreign Service Providers (FSP)", "url": "https://mystods.customs.gov.my/storage/app/media/pdf/guide/Guide%20on%20Digital%20Service_V2.1_01022021.pdf", "description": "On 1 February 2021, the Royal Malaysian Customs Department (RMCD) issued the Guide on Digital Services by Foreign Service Providers (FSP). The Guide specifies that any FSP must register as a foreign registered person (FRP) if the total value of digital services provided annually within Malaysia exceeds MYN 500’000 (ca. USD 100’000). Further, the Guide provides detailed information on what is considered a digital service or who can be an FSP. Beyond that, the Guide states that no digital servi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 October 2022", "title": "Penalties for copyright infringements in streaming technologies in 2022 amendment of Copyright Act", "url": "https://www.myipo.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Copyright-Amendment-Act-2022-Act-A1645.pdf", "description": "The Amendment to the Copyright Act 1987 (Copyright Act 2022) is implemented. The Amendment introduces penalties for copyright infringements through manufacturing, importing, providing, advertising, or distributing streaming technologies. According to the amendment, all business associates of the party that violates copyright have the burden to prove their innocence.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 January 2023", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Singapore-Malaysia Framework of Cooperation in Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2023/01/Factsheet-on-Frameworks-on-Cooperation-in-Digital-Economy-and-Green-Economy", "description": "On 30 January 2023, the Singapore Minister for Trade and Industry and the Minister of International Trade and Industry of Malaysia signed a Framework of Cooperation in Digital Economy. The Framework aims to increase cooperation between the parties on the digital economy and includes additional sectors for collaboration that are not outlined in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Under the signed Framewo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 March 2023", "title": "Republic of Korea-Malaysia cooperation in digital economy", "url": "https://www.miti.gov.my/miti/resources/Media%20Release/[FINAL-ENG]_2023-03-19_MITI_MITI_SECURES_RM24_BILLION_POTENTIAL_INVESTMENTS_AND_RM4.24_BILLION_POTENTIAL_EXPORTS_FROM_MISSION_TO_SOUTH_KOREA__.pdf", "description": "On 19 March 2023, the Malaysian Government announced the outcomes of its trade mission to South Korea from 14 to 17 March 2023, led by the Minister for International Trade and Industry. In particular, Malaysia and South Korea agreed to resume negotiations on a Free Trade Agreement and discussed potential cooperation in the digital economy under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework and Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership platform. Furthermore, the parties agreed to increase collaboratio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 June 2023", "title": "MCMC lawsuit against Meta over alleged non-compliance with harmful content removal orders", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/MS_MCMC_TO_TAKE_LEGAL_ACTION_AGAINST_META.pdf", "description": "On 23 June 2023, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced that it is filing a lawsuit against Meta over its non-cooperation to remove harmful content from its platform. The MCMC stated that it had notified Meta regarding posts containing harmful content on the Facebook platform, including related to race, nobility, religion, defamation, impersonation, online gambling, and deceptive advertising. According to MCMC, despite repeated requests, the parent company Met...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "30 May 2022", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Content Code 2022", "url": "https://contentforum.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Content-Code-2022.pdf", "description": "On 30 May 2022, the Communications and Multimedia Content Code 2022 entered into force including content moderation regulation. The Code applies to any content published in the content industry and to all content application service providers, but compliance is voluntary. The Code prescribes that any indecent, obscene, false, menacing or offensive content should be avoided. Specifically, the Code prohibits any discriminatory material or comments related to race, ethnicity, religion, sex or ot...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 August 2024", "title": "MCMC order requiring enhanced content moderation measures for TikTok and Meta", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/PressRelease/KM-TIKTOK-DAN-META-PERLU-PANTAU-KANDUNGAN-MEMUDARATKAN.pdf", "description": "On 8 April 2024, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) adopted an order requiring enhanced content moderation measures from TikTok and Meta. The MCMC requested that the platforms adopt a more proactive approach to monitoring and moderating content that may affect the sensitivities related to race, religion, and royalty (3R), as well as combat scams and illegal online gambling. The initiative responds to a significant increase in harmful content online. Platform provide...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 July 2024", "title": "Order establishing Special Committee on Cyber Bullying including stricter social media responsibilities", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/awam/berita/26008-kerajaan-tubuh-jawatankuasa-khas-tangani-buli-siber-fahmi", "description": "On 19 July 2024, the Ministry of Communications of Malaysia announced that a special committee to address cyberbullying in Malaysia had been established. The Ministry noted that the committee involves the participation of the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Digital Affairs, and the Legal Affairs Division, supported by the Communications and Multimedia Commission, Royal Malaysian Police, and the Attorney General's Department. The committee will focus o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 August 2024", "title": "MCMC investingation into compliance with Communications and Multimedia Act", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/PressRelease/KM_MCMC-FOKUS-LINDUNGI-RAKYAT-DARIPADA-KEMUDARATAN.pdf", "description": "On 8 August 2024, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced that it had blocked over 10,000 websites between January 2022 and August 2024 to protect the public, especially vulnerable groups, from online harm. In particular, the majority of these blocked sites were related to online gambling, pornography, copyright infringement, scams, and prostitution. The highest number of blocks occurred in 2021, with a declining trend since then. The MCMC enforces these blocks...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Competition Commission's market review to assess impact of digital economy", "url": "https://www.mycc.gov.my/media-release/mycc-launches-market-review-on-the-digital-economy-to-protect-consumers-and-market", "description": "On 10 February 2026, the Malaysia Competition Commission (MyCC) published the findings of its market review on the digital economy ecosystem under the Competition Act 2010. The review, which began in July 2024, assessed market structure and business practices in mobile operating systems and payment services, retail e-commerce platforms, digital advertising services, and online travel agencies. The report identified practices that may affect competition, including high commission structures, r...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 January 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Commissioner circular on personal data breach notification implementing Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/garis-panduan-dan-pekeliling-pemberitahuan-pelanggaran-data-dbn/", "description": "On 1 June 2025, the Personal Data Protection Commissioner’s circular on personal data breach notification (Circular No. 2/2025) enters into force. Under the circular, data controllers must notify the Commissioner as soon as practicable upon suspecting a breach and submit detailed information within 72 hours of the incident. If the breach is likely to cause significant harm, affected individuals must also be informed within seven days of the Commissioner being notified, using clear and accessi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 June 2024", "title": "MCMC DNS Redirection to ISP Local DNS FAQ", "url": "https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/09/09/supplied_malaysian_dns_order.pdf", "description": "On 6 September 2024, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) published a FAQ on Domain Name Service (DNS) Redirection to Internet Service Provider's local (ISP) DNS. The FAQ explains that the DNS redirection which it is carrying out is a process where internet requests are redirected to an ISP's local DNS server to block access to illegal or harmful websites, such as those related to online gambling, pornography, and scams, in compliance with Malaysian law. According to ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 July 2024", "title": "MCMC DNS Redirection Clarification", "url": "https://regmedia.co.uk/2024/09/09/supplied_malaysian_dns_announcement.pdf", "description": "On 7 September, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) issued an outline addressing misinformation on Domain Name Service (DNS) redirection and internet access restriction. MCMC clarified that DNS redirection, which reroutes traffic from third-party DNS servers back to local ISP servers, is implemented to enhance user protection by blocking harmful websites, including those related to online gambling, pornography, and scams. From 2018 to August 2024, MCMC blocked 24,277...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 May 2024", "title": "KKD monitoring and blocking the spread of any video on deviant teachings", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/en/public/news/24036-fahmi-kkd-to-monitor-block-videos-on-deviant-teachings-spread-on-social-media", "description": "On 27 May 2024, the Communications and Digital Ministry (KKD) issued a statement on monitoring and blocking videos promoting deviant teachings, including those from neighbouring countries, on social media. The statement confirmed that the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission will collaborate with the Malaysian Islamic Development Department and state religious councils to curb the spread of such content. The statement also confirmed that KKD will address scams, frauds, and the s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 August 2024", "title": "Cyber Security (Licensing of Cyber Security Service Provider) Regulations 2024", "url": "https://www.nacsa.gov.my/doc/CYBER%20SECURITY%20(LICENSING%20OF%20CYBER%20SECURITY%20SERVICE%20PROVIDER).pdf", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Cyber Security (Licensing of Cyber Security Service Provider) Regulations 2024 were implemented. Under Section 27 of the Cyber Security Act, any person offering or advertising cyber security services, except when provided to a related company, must be licensed. The CSSP Regulations outline the licensing procedures and fees for services such as managed security operation centre monitoring, which involves monitoring a computer system to detect cyber security threats and d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 August 2023", "title": "Amendment of Communications and Multimedia Commission Act", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/en/public/news/22666-cabinet-agrees-to-amend-two-communications-acts", "description": "On 27 August 2023, the Malaysian Cabinet agreed to amend the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 588) and the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission Act 1998 (Act 589). These amendments, proposed by the Communication and Multimedia Ministry, are to enhance legal provisions to combat cyber threats such as online fraud and hacking.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 February 2023", "title": "MCMC directive blocking SMS containing links including user protection measures against online scams", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/en/media/press-clippings/malaysian-users-are-blocked-from-sending-and-recei", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission confirmed directing all telecommunications operators, including Maxis, CelcomDigi, U Mobile, and Unifi Mobile, to block SMS containing links sent from mobile numbers to combat online scams. The directive applies to telecommunications companies and aims to enhance user protection by prohibiting SMS communications with links. The Order encouraged businesses to transition to app-based or instant messaging platforms for sharing...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "PDPD Personal Data Protection Standards under Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aWEcoAAZZiGy2ZC7CIfLNTJZThql7qOZ/view", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Personal Data Protection Department (PDPD) closes the public consultation on personal data protection standards (Paper no. 04/2024) in relation to amendments to the Personal Data Protection Act. In particular, the consultation focuses on changes, including transitioning to outcome-based standards that provide more flexibility for data controllers and processors to implement measures according to their risk levels instead of adhering to rigid, prescriptive rules. The pr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 January 2025", "title": "MCMC code of conduct for internet messaging and social media service providers", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/Resources/MCMC_Code-of-Conduct-Best-Practice-for-Service-Providers.pdf", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Code of Conduct (Best Practices) for Internet Messaging and Social Media Service Providers came into effect. The code of conduct aims to create a safe online environment for Malaysians, particularly children and vulnerable groups at high risk of exposure to harmful content. It outlines best practices to be adopted by service providers in addressing harmful online content and other conduct requirements. The Code aims to ensure that service providers prioritise online saf...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 November 2024", "title": "Outline on proactive management of unethical activities", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/awam/berita/26574-pengendali-platform-media-sosial-perlu-lebih-proaktif-bantu-sekat-aktiviti-tidak-bermoral", "description": "On 11 November 2024, the Malaysian government adopted an outline on proactive management of unethical activities for social media platform operators. The outline advocates more proactive measures by platform operators to block immoral and illegal activities on their platforms, including the use of modern artificial intelligence technology for automatic screening. According to the regulator, the move comes in response to concerns over the slow action by platforms such as Meta in taking down ha...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2024", "title": "Korea-Malaysia Information Security Cooperation memorandum of understanding", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2466&page=1", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) and the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) adopted a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on information and communications network protection. Under the MOU, the parties agree to exchange expertise for capacity building, share best practices and systems for protecting information infrastructure, and collaborate to address emerging technological threats.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2024", "title": "MCMC guidelines on information and network security for the communications and media industry", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/PressRelease/KM_MCMC-PERKENAL-GARIS-PANDUAN-KESELAMATAN-MAKLUMAT-DAN-RANGKAIAN.pdf", "description": "On 8 December 2024, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) issued guidelines on information and network security for the communications and multimedia industries. The framework provides best practices that strengthen the ability of service providers to manage cyber risks, prevent data breaches, and enhance network resilience to cyber risks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2025", "title": "Establishment of National Data Sharing Committee in Data Sharing Act of 2025", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-detail.php?act=864&lang=BI", "description": "On 20 February 2025, the Data Sharing Act of 2025 (Act 864) entered into force. The Act stipulates the sharing of data between public sector agencies, while outlining privacy and security requirements. It establishes the National Data Sharing Committee, responsible for formulating policies and strategies on data sharing, overseeing implementation and dealing with administrative matters. The Act stipulates the duties and powers of the Director General of the National Digital Department, includ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "19 May 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Department data protection impact assessment guideline", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/announcement-on-the-public-consultation-paper-pcp-on-personal-data-protection-2025/", "description": "On 19 May 2025, Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Department closes its consultation on the data protection impact assessment (DPIA) guidelines under Malaysia’s Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709). The guideline outlines minimum requirements and practical steps for organisations to identify, assess, and manage risks associated with personal data processing. The guideline proposes a two-tier quantitative and qualitative threshold to determine when DPIAs are required, a five-step meth...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 January 2025", "title": "Securities Commission and Communications and Multimedia Commission joint initiative to strengthen regulatory oversight against online scams", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/PressRelease/2025/1-March-Joint-Media-Release_SC-and-MCMC-To-Combat-Scams-Via-Enhanced-Regulatory-Oversight.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2025, the Securities Commission (SC) and Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced a joint initiative to strengthen regulatory oversight against online scams, applying to online service providers and financial sector entities. The initiative enhances enforcement, scam prevention, and regulatory cooperation, including closer collaboration with service providers for faster scam detection and content takedowns. It focuses on the use of artificial intelligence to identi...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 October 2025", "title": "Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into allegedly offensive content for potential violation of Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/ms/media/press-releases/kandungan-jelik-melampau-3r-premis-diperiksa-per", "description": "On 10 May 2025, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced an investigation into content uploaded to a personal Facebook account, suspected of containing elements deemed offensive under Section 233 of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA 1998). The content is alleged to involve extreme material related to religion, race, and the Royal Institution. Acting under Section 247 of the CMA 1998, MCMC obtained a search warrant from the Magistrate’s Court in Kua...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "24 December 2024", "title": "Ministry of Digital Order on Appointment of Date of Coming into Operation for Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727)", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/personal-data-protection-amendment-act-2024-commencement-date-determination/", "description": "On 24 December 2024, the Ministry of Digital gazetted the commencement dates for the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727) in the Federal Government Gazette, acting under subsection 1(2) of the Act. The notice stipulates that sections 7, 11, 13, and 14 of the Act come into force on 1 January 2025. Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, and 12 come into force on 1 April 2025, and sections 6 and 9 come into force on 1 June 2025.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "31 October 2025", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission lawsuit against Telegram channels over allegedly spreading harmful content", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/KENYATAAN-MEDIA_MCMC-BERJAYA-PEROLEH-INJUNKSI-HALANG-PENYIARAN-KANDUNGAN-MUDARAT-DI-PLATFORM-TELEGRAM-SERTA-SALURAN-EDISI-SIASAT-DAN-EDISI-KHAS.pdf", "description": "On 31 October 2025, the High Court in Kuala Lumpur issued an Erinford injunction in favour of the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) in proceedings against the Telegram platform as an application service provider class licensee under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. This ruling followed an interim injunction ruling issued on 19 June 2025 after Telegram reportedly did not respond to repeated notifications from MCMC concerning the channels “Edisi Siasat” and “E...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Department of Personal Data Protection guideline on data protection officer competency", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/data-protection-officer-dpo-competency-guideline/?fbclid=IwY2xjawL_yqJleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFCQWFENHJYRkNhOFd0a1NJAR63Nb22h9BE4_Ty01Ild0v5mk49sOnM2HgU4gKjw3LG3cnuMlbzUkxyFwowEQ_aem_wnOmQJjcc_cPSemIzL8V1w", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Department of Personal Data Protection released the data protection officer (DPO) competency guideline, which provides a structured framework for assessing and developing the functional competencies required of Data Protection Officers (DPOs) under the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709), as amended by the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024. The guideline sets out six core competency areas, namely advisory and support, risk management and assessment, c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 January 2025", "title": "Department of Personal Data Protection data protection officer professional development pathway and training roadmap", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/data-protection-officer-dpo-professional-development-pathway-training-roadmap/?fbclid=IwY2xjawL_yqZleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETFCQWFENHJYRkNhOFd0a1NJAR6YSSrAd9GEnI0I6ciyCOGyTJ40SO6Bjr5wmP0XHZRHfKuq0lkG4DXMGpehxg_aem_RySFfBwXRkdfpRWTDQFx-g", "description": "On 1 August 2025, the Department of Personal Data Protection released the data protection officer (DPO) professional development pathway and training roadmap, outlining a prospective framework to support the structured development of DPO capabilities aligned with the DPO competency guideline. The roadmap introduces a two-tier training structure, fundamental and advanced, designed according to the complexity and sensitivity of personal data processing activities. The fundamental tier focuses o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 July 2025", "title": "Department of Personal Data Protection's notification requiring registration of data users under the Personal Data Protection Act 2010", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/registration-notice-announcement/", "description": "On 28 July 2025, the Department of Personal Data Protection of Malaysia issued a notice urging companies and organisations that process personal data in commercial transactions to register as data users under the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 [Act 709]. The Act imposes a mandatory registration obligation, requiring entities to submit an application to the Personal Data Protection Commissioner via the Personal Data Protection System (SPDP) and pay a prescribed fee. It was highlighted that ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 March 2025", "title": "Ministry of Digital National Cloud Computing Policy", "url": "https://online.flippingbook.com/view/885684383/", "description": "On 3 August 2025, Malaysia’s Ministry of Digital adopted the National Cloud Computing Policy (NCCP) as a framework for cloud adoption across the country’s digital ecosystem. The policy is structured around five thematic areas covering public sector transformation, private sector development, data protection and privacy, digital inclusion, and environmental considerations. Implementation measures, referred to as Cloud Stacks, correspond to each area. The NCCP includes a multi-tier data classif...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 August 2025", "title": "Gig Workers Bill (Bill No. D.R. 27/2025)", "url": "https://www.parlimen.gov.my/files/billindex/pdf/2025/DR/D.R.272025%20RUU%20PEKERJA%20GIG%202025.pdf", "description": "On 28 August 2025, the Gig Workers Bill was passed by the House of Representatives. The Bill applies to the country's 1.2 million gig workers across platform-based services, including e-hailing and food delivery, and specified sectors, including acting, journalism, care services, and creative industries. The Bill introduces protections, including mandatory written service agreements, worker rights against unfair termination and discrimination and platform transparency requirements for automat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 January 2025", "title": "Broadcasting licensing clarification under Communications and Multimedia Act", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/TIADA-SYARAT-80-PERATUS-KANDUNGAN-TEMPATAN.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2025, the Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) issued a statement clarifying that broadcasting licences issued under the Communications and Multimedia Act do not include any requirement for 80% local content. The clarification addressed public claims suggesting that Malaysia was required, under a trade agreement with the United States, to abolish an alleged rule mandating such a quota. MCMC noted that these claims were inaccurate and did not reflect the current broad...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 July 2025", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into TikTok's internal monitoring and enforcement mechanisms against criminal misuse", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/KENYATAAN-MEDIA_MCMC-MINTA-PENJELASAN-TIKTOK-BERHUBUNG-KES-PENYELUDUPAN-DADAH_20251107.pdf", "description": "On 7 November 2025, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) requested an official explanation from TikTok following reports that the platform was used to recruit individuals for drug smuggling abroad. MCMC sought details on TikTok’s internal monitoring and enforcement mechanisms against criminal misuse, including fake job offers. The Commission reminded that using online platforms for criminal purposes violates Sections 233 and 263(1) of the Communications and Multimedia...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 January 2026", "title": "Online Safety (Fees) Regulations 2025 [P.U.(A) 466/2025]", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(A)%20466/2025&status=PRINCIPAL", "description": "On 1 January 2026, the Online Safety (Fees) Regulations under the Online Safety Act 2025, enter into force. The Act provides that the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission may issue directions to service providers and shall maintain a register of such directions. The Regulations apply to parties seeking access to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission’s register of directions. They set a fee of RM 100 for inspection of the register and RM 1 per page for copies or ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "12 August 2025", "title": "Order appointing implementation date for Online Safety Act 2025 (P.U. (B) 449/2025)", "url": "https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-view.php?type=pua&no=P.U.%20(B)%20449/2025&status=PRINCIPAL", "description": "On 8 December 2025, Malaysia’s Minister of Communications appointed 1 January 2026 as the date on which the Online Safety Act 2025 (Act 866) will enter into force, in accordance with subsection 1(2) of the Act. This subsection empowers the Minister to appoint the commencement date by notification in the Gazette. The Act regulates harmful online content and establishes the duties and obligations of application service providers, content application service providers, and network service provid...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2026", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission's online safety plan under Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/Public-Consultation-on-the-Online-Safety-Plan_1.pdf", "description": "On 13 March 2026, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission closes the consultation on the online safety plan under the Online Safety Act 2025. The consultation gathers information on the requirements under Section 20 of the Act, which obliges licensed application service providers and licensed content application service providers operating in Malaysia to develop, publish, and submit an Online Safety Plan to the Commission. The plan must explain how providers comply with statuto...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 February 2026", "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into alleged false narratives pertaining to race, religion, and royalty distributed on Facebook and TikTok", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/KENYATAAN-MEDIA_MCMC-SIASAT-PENYEBARAN-NARATIF-PALSU-DAN-BERUNSUR-3R_20260213.pdf", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced an investigation under Section 233(1)(a) of the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 into the spread of false narratives relating to race, religion, and royalty (3R) on social media platforms, including Facebook and TikTok. The investigation concerns viral content relating to an accident in Selangor, which the Royal Malaysia Police clarified arose from a personal land access dispute. MCMC identified...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission removal of content concerning religion, royalty, and race content under Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (Act 588)", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/awam/berita/28006-bernama-1-493-kandungan-3r-diturunkan-rakyat-diingatkan-jaga-adab-dan-keselamatan-fahmi", "description": "On 7 February 2026, the Minister of Communications announced that the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) coordinated the removal of 1’493 pieces of content related to religion, royalty, and race (3R) in cooperation with global platform operators. The removals followed 2’486 complaints submitted between 1 January 2025 and 31 January 2026 requesting the takedown of sensitive material. The Minister stated that, although freedom of expression is protected under Federal Cour...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2026", "title": "Report on compliance with social media content takedown requests under Communications and Multimedia Act and Online Safety Act", "url": "https://www.komunikasi.gov.my/awam/berita/28068-90-peratus-permohonan-turun-kandungan-media-sosial-dipatuhi-penyedia-platform-teo", "description": "On 2 March 2026, Malaysia’s Ministry of Communications reported that social media platforms complied with around 90% of 115,161 government requests to remove online content during January and February 2026. It was highlighted that 103,986 requests were submitted under the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, while additional cases were assessed under the Online Safety Act 2025, covering offences including financial fraud, obscene harassment, indecent content, threatening or insulting haras...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Communications and Multimedia Commission investigation into alleged religiously offensive content on Threads and Facebook", "url": "https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf2/KENYATAAN-MEDIA_LAGI-KES-PIJAK-AL-QURAN_MCMC-LAKSANAKAN-SIASATAN-SEGERA_20260311-docx.pdf", "description": "On 11 March 2026, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) announced an investigation into the dissemination of videos on social media platforms, including Threads and Facebook, that allegedly insult the religion of Islam. The investigation follows reports of content showing an individual stomping on the Quran, which the regulator stated threatens national harmony and incites religious tension. It was stated that the MCMC is collaborating with the Royal Malaysia Police (P...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "AI Technology Action Plan 2026–2030 (planned / NAIO deliverable)", "url": "https://mydigital.gov.my/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The AI Technology Action Plan 2026–2030 is a proposed five-year strategic roadmap being prepared by Malaysia's National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO) to accelerate AI adoption, investment and governance across priority sectors. It builds on the 2021–2025 AI Roadmap and the National Guidelines on AI Governance and Ethics (AIGE), proposing a risk-based regulatory and implementation framework to ensure safe, ethical and internationally aligned AI deployment....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Sandbox 2024 (National AI sandbox pilot programme)", "url": "https://sandbox.gov.my/events/the-launching-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-sandbox-programme-together-with-nvidia", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: AI Sandbox 2024 is a national pilot programme launched on 18 April 2024 under Malaysia's National Technology & Innovation Sandbox (NTIS) to support AI testing, capacity building and commercialization in collaboration with MRANTI, MOSTI, MOHE and industry partners such as NVIDIA. The pilot aims to accelerate AI startups, talent development and real-world testing while coordinating governance, safety testing and conformity pathways under a ministerial-led initiative....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint (MyDIGITAL)", "url": "https://www.mydigital.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Malaysia-Digital-Economy-Blueprint_ENG.pdf", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: MyDIGITAL (Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint) is the Government of Malaysia’s national strategy, launched 19 February 2021, to transform Malaysia into a digitally enabled, technology-driven high-income nation by 2030. The Blueprint sets six strategic thrusts, 22 strategies, 48 national initiatives and 28 sectoral initiatives implemented in three phases (2021–2022, 2023–2025, 2026–2030)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malaysia Cyber Security Strategy 2020–2024 (MCSS)", "url": "https://asset.mkn.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/MalaysiaCyberSecurityStrategy2020-2024.pdf", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Malaysia Cyber Security Strategy (MCSS) 2020–2024 is a national, medium-term strategic framework launched on 12 October 2020 to strengthen Malaysia’s cyber resilience across government, critical infrastructure and society, structured around five pillars and 12 implementation strategies. (cydes.my)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Talent Roadmap for Malaysia 2024–2030", "url": "https://mohe.gov.my/en/broadcast/media-statements/siaran-media-my-ai-nexus-2024-langkah-pertama-kpt-jayakan-gagasan-ai-negara", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The AI Talent Roadmap for Malaysia 2024–2030 is a national strategy launched on 10 May 2024 to coordinate workforce development, higher-education curricula, industry partnerships and public-sector capacity to meet national AI skills needs. It sets objectives across short-, medium- and long-term horizons to produce, upskill and retain AI talent while aligning education providers, government agencies and industry partners....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO)", "url": "https://ai.gov.my/faq/about-naio/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The National Artificial Intelligence Office (NAIO) is Malaysia’s central coordinating body for AI strategy, governance, and adoption. Approved by Cabinet on 28 August 2024 and launched on 12 December 2024, NAIO is initially incubated under MyDIGITAL Corporation to develop an AI Technology Action Plan (2026–2030), ethical standards, and cross-sector deployment frameworks. (ai.gov.my)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Akta-A1727-bm.pdf", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act A1727) amends the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709) to modernise Malaysia’s data protection regime by introducing mandatory data breach notification, explicit obligations on data processors, mandatory appointment and notification of Data Protection Officers, enhanced penalties, data portability, expanded definitions (including biometric data and breach definitions), and revisions to cross-border transfer rules. The Act establishes staged commencement dates for different provisions....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (AIGE)", "url": "https://www.mosti.gov.my/dasar/#flipbook-df_74045/1/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics (AIGE) were published by Malaysia's Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI) on 20 September 2024 as a voluntary, national framework setting seven core principles for responsible AI. AIGE provides stakeholder-specific guidance for end users, policymakers and AI developers to promote trustworthy, inclusive and human-centred AI while aligning with international instruments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA)", "url": "https://www.pdp.gov.my/ppdpv1/en/akta/pdp-act-2010-en/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (Act 709) regulates the processing of personal data in commercial transactions in Malaysia. It establishes data-protection principles, registration and enforcement mechanisms, and provides rights for data subjects; significant amendments were enacted in 2024 and brought into force on a staged basis from 2025....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malaysia Artificial Intelligence Consortium (MAIC)", "url": "https://mohe.gov.my/hebahan/sorotan-aktiviti/my-ai-nexus-2024-langkah-pertama-kpt-jayakan-gagasan-ai-negara", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Malaysia Artificial Intelligence Consortium (MAIC) is a multi‑stakeholder initiative launched in May 2024 to coordinate collaboration between government, higher education institutions, industry and research organisations to accelerate AI research, talent development and responsible adoption. MAIC operates alongside the National AI Office (NAIO) and aligns with national AI roadmaps, ethics principles and capacity‑building objectives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyber Security Act 2024", "url": "https://www.penerangan.gov.my/akta-keselamatan-siber-2024-akta-854-mula-berkuat-kuasa-pada-26-ogos-2024-setelah-mendapat-perkenan-spb-yang-di-pertuan-agong-sultan-ibrahim/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Cyber Security Act 2024 (Act 854) establishes a regulatory framework for national cybersecurity in Malaysia, including designation and protection of National Critical Information Infrastructure (NCII), mandatory incident reporting, periodic risk assessments and audits, licensing of certain cybersecurity service providers, and enforcement powers for the National Cyber Security Agency (NACSA). The Act received Royal Assent on 18 June 2024, was gazetted on 26 June 2024 and brought into force on 26 August 2024 together with subsidiary regulations....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malaysia Artificial Intelligence Nexus (MY AI NEXUS) 2024", "url": "https://mohe.gov.my/hebahan/teks-ucapan/majlis-peluncuran-malaysia-artificial-intelligence-nexus-2024-my-ai-nexus-2024", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: MY AI NEXUS (Malaysia Artificial Intelligence Nexus) is a national AI strategy and convening initiative launched on 10 May 2024 to accelerate AI readiness across higher education, industry, government agencies and research institutions. It establishes a consortium-based governance approach, emphasises talent development and research collaboration, and aligns with Malaysia’s National AI Roadmap and broader digital economy objectives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Policy Document on Risk Management in Technology (RMiT)", "url": "https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/963973/PD_RMiT.pdf", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: Malaysia's 2023 BNM RMiT policy updated technology risk management for financial institutions, enhancing cybersecurity and operational resilience against evolving digital threats....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI untuk Rakyat (AI literacy / public self-learning programme)", "url": "https://rakyatdigital.gov.my/courses/ai-untuk-rakyat", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: AI untuk Rakyat is a government-hosted, free self-learning programme launched on 16 January 2024 to raise AI awareness and basic literacy among Malaysians. The two-module course (AI Aware; AI Appreciate) is multilingual, accessible, issues a digital badge on completion, and was promoted for broad public uptake including direction for civil servants to complete the training....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Bank Negara Malaysia — Policy Document on Risk Management in Technology (RMiT) (updated)", "url": "https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/0/RMiT_Policy_Document_June_2023.pdf", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The updated Bank Negara Malaysia Policy Document on Risk Management in Technology (RMiT) (issued 1 June 2023) requires financial institutions to strengthen governance, cybersecurity, and cloud risk management through a risk-based approach. It supersedes earlier RMiT guidance (2019/2020) and introduces updated expectations for cloud adoption, multi-factor authentication and minimum resilience standards, with certain cloud-related provisions phased in by 1 June 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malaysia National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (AI-RMAP)", "url": "https://www.mosti.gov.my/en/berita/malaysias-national-artificial-intelligence-ai-roadmap-2021-2025/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Malaysia National Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025 (AI-RMAP) is a national strategy document issued by the Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation (MOSTI) that sets out six strategic objectives to accelerate AI adoption, build capabilities and establish governance, standards and ecosystem support across priority sectors. It is a non-binding, cross-sectoral roadmap intended to be a living document guiding public and private sector activity on AI between 2021 and 2025 and to align Malaysia with international AI governance norms....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Selangor AI White Paper", "url": "https://dewan.selangor.gov.my/pembangunan-teknologi-ai-di-selangor/", "description": "AI law in Malaysia: The Selangor AI White Paper outlines a strategic framework for AI development and adoption in Selangor, Malaysia, aiming to position the state as a leading digital hub....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 84, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "458" }, { "id": "PH", "title": "Philippines", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-08-27", "title": "National Privacy Commission Guidelines on Administrative Fines", "url": "https://www.privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/NPC-CIRCULAR-NO.-2022-01-GUIDELINES-ON-ADMINISTRATIVE-FINES-dated-08-AUGUST-2022-w-SGD.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2022, the Philippines' National Privacy Commission (NPC) implemented the Guidelines on Administrative Fines setting out the administrative fines for which Personal Information Controllers and Personal Information Processors can be made liable for infractions under the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The Guidelines distinguish between Grave, Major, and Other Infractions and set the possible range of the fine for each infraction. The Guidelines also list a number of factors which are to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-27", "title": "National Privacy Commission Guidelines on Consent (Circular No. 2023-04)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NPC-Circular-No.-2023-04_Guidelines-on-Consent_07Nov2023.pdf", "description": "On 27 May 2024, the obligations under the National Privacy Commission (NPC)’s guidelines on consent (circular No. 2023-04) enter into force. The guidelines outline the rules personal information controllers (PICs) are required to follow when collecting and processing personal data based on an individual’s consent. The guideline specifies what constitutes valid consent and how it shall be obtained and managed in compliance with the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Data Privacy Act. In...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-04", "title": "Philippines-United Arab Emirates Memorandum of Understanding on personal data security and protection", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-and-difc-gains-stronger-foothold-through-mou-signing/", "description": "On 5 April 2024, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) and the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance their cooperation in data privacy and security. The MoU aims to strengthen the partnership between the two countries facing challenges and opportunities presented by digitalisation in both the public and private sectors. The MoU outlines commitments to assist in the enforcement of data protection laws, conducting joint inve...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-21", "title": "Philippines accession to Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/the-philippines-announces-their-participation-in-the-forum/", "description": "On 21 April 2022, the Philippine National Privacy Commission issued a statement announcing that the Philippines has joined the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum (CBPR), an initiative promoting the secure international flow of data by establishing certification for adherence to data privacy standards. The Global CBPR Forum expands upon the APEC CBPR and is open to non-APEC members as well.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "NPC advisory on model contractual clauses for cross-border transfers of personal data", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Published-NPC-Advisory-No.-2024-01-Contractual-Clauses-for-Cross-Border-Transfers_30May24.pdf", "description": "On 30 May 2024, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued an advisory on model contractual clauses (MCCs) for cross-border transfers of personal data. The advisory aligns with the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA), which protects privacy rights while ensuring the free flow of information to promote growth and innovation. The NPC is part of the Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) and its Global Frameworks and Standards Working Group (GFSWG), which published a comparative guide on MCCs fro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Deepfake Accountability and Transparency Act (Bill 10567)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB10567.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2024, the Deepfake Accountability and Transparency Act (Bill 10567) was introduced to the House of Representatives. The Bill aims to regulate the creation and distribution of deepfakes, defined as any form of media that falsely depicts a person's speech or conduct using artificial intelligence (AI) or generative AI systems. The Bill mandates clear disclosures for deepfake content, including verbal and written statements indicating the altered nature of the media. The Department of I...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-11", "title": "Protection of Labor Against Artificial Intelligence (AI) Automation Act (HB 9448)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB09448.pdf", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the Protection of Labor Against Artificial Intelligence (AI) Automation Act (HB9448) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives. The Act aims to protect the workforce by regulating the use of AI therein and preserving employment opportunities for the people. The Act would require employers to regulate the use of AI in their operational processes through an AI Governance Policy. The Act would specifically prohibit the sole use of AI in hiring decisions or t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-09-13", "title": "Act Criminalising the Creation and Dissemination of \"Fake News\", Amending the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (HB No. 9141)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB09141.pdf", "description": "On 13 September 2023, an Act Criminalising the Creation and Dissemination of \"Fake News\" (HB No. 9141) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Act would amend sections 3 and 4 of the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (Republic Act No.10175) and criminalise the creation and dissemination of “fake news”, defined as false information, facts, stories and news that are shared with the intention to mislead its audience. The Act specifically targets the spread of false...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-05-13", "title": "AI Regulation Act (HB 10385)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB10385.pdf", "description": "On 13 May 2024, the Al Regulation Act (HB 10385) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives. The Act would establish the Artificial Intelligence Bureau with the goal of ensuring technical development while ensuring workers’ rights and preventing job displacement through AI. The Bureau would be tasked with developing a national AI development and regulation strategy, ensuring research and development, introducing rules and regulations to prevent displacement in the job due to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-18", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 10944)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB10944.pdf", "description": "On 18 September 2024, the Artificial Intelligence Act (HB 10944) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives. The Act would create the Philippine Artificial Intelligence Board (PAIB) and task it with ensuring the development, research, application and use of AI systems, ensure compliance with the Act and, in case of non-compliance, impose and collect fines and penalties, conduct investigations. Furthermore, the Act would require the PAIB to maintain a central database of AI co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-05", "title": "User/subject rights in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Act (HB 7913)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB07913.pdf", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Act (HB 7913) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives, including user/subject rights. The Act would define guiding principles for the development, application and use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, including accountability, transparency, security and human-centred values. Furthermore, the Act would establish an AI bill of rights for Philippine citizens. These rights would include the protection from unsaf...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-02-05", "title": "AI authority governance in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Act (HB 7913)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB07913.pdf", "description": "On 2 May 2023, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Regulation Act (HB 7913) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives including AI authority governance. The Act would establish the Philippine Council on Artificial Intelligence (PCAI) and task it, in particular, with reviewing AI Policies, conducting evaluations of the impact of AI, developing governance frameworks and guidelines for AI, providing information to the public and establishing a code of ethics for AI developers. Fur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-01-07", "title": "Data protection regulation in Amendments to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (HB No. 898)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB00898.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2022, was introduced amendments to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (HB No. 898) into the Philippine Parliament. The amendments introduce new definitions, including those of biometric and genetic data. The amendments clarify key terms, including \"data subject,\" \"personal information,\" \"sensitive personal information,\" and \"personal information controller.\" The retention of data is permitted only to the extent that it is necessary, with exceptions permitted for archiving, historical, or ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-05-19", "title": "Digital Economy Taxation Act of 2020 (HB 6765)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_18/HB06765.pdf", "description": "On 19 May 2020, the Digital Economy Taxation Act of 2020 (HB 6765) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives. The Act would amend the National Internal Revenue Code in order to impose a 12% value-added tax (VAT) on digital transactions, either by residents or non-residents. Digital transactions include digital or electronic goods, services rendered electronically, digital advertising services, internet-based subscription services, and transactions made on electronic commerc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-05-04", "title": "National Privacy Commission investigation into Facebook's data breach", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-investigating-alleged-large-scale-facebook-breach/", "description": "On 5 April 2021, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines announced the initiation of an investigation into Facebook following reports that data from 879,699 Filipino accounts were compromised. This breach is part of a larger global issue affecting 533 million users, with leaked information including phone numbers, full names, locations, email addresses, and biographical details. The NPC has contacted Facebook’s Philippine Data Privacy Officer for further details and advises u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-09-24", "title": "National Privacy Commission investigation into Facebook's actions to address suspicious accounts", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/privacy-commission-wants-deeper-probe-of-facebook-tells-social-media-giant-to-do-more-to-protect-users/", "description": "On 24 September 2020, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) opened an investigation into Facebook's actions to address suspicious accounts which pose risks to Filipino users' data privacy. Facebook has removed networks for violating its coordinated inauthentic behaviour policy, including accounts linked to foreign interference. The Commission seeks further details and calls for Facebook's continued compliance with the Data Privacy Act to safeguard privacy rights and free speech.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-26", "title": "Philippines-Republic of Korea Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Data Protection", "url": "https://www.pipc.go.kr/np/cop/bbs/selectBoardArticle.do?bbsId=BS074&mCode=C020010000&nttId=10798", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Korean Personal Information Protection Commission and the National Privacy Commission of the Philippines signed a Memorandum of Understanding for collaboration on personal data protection. Key areas of collaboration include conducting joint investigations on personal data breaches, developing trusted data transfer mechanisms to support cross-border data flows, and improving interoperability between data protection systems.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-26", "title": "PIPC-NPC MoU on enhancing cooperation in personal data protection", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/south-korea-and-philippines-ink-mou-to-enhance-data-protection-collaboration/", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) of South Korea and the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in personal data protection. The MoU aims to support secure cross-border data flows, foster joint investigations, and promote the development of compatible data protection mechanisms. Additionally, the agreement focuses on knowledge sharing, training, and educational initiatives ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-19", "title": "NPC guidelines on AI Systems and Data Privacy Act of 2012", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Advisory-2024.12.19-Guidelines-on-Artificial-Intelligence-w-SGD.pdf", "description": "On 19 December 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued guidelines for applying the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA) to processing personal data in AI system development or deployment. The guidelines support compliance with the Act, covering privacy principles and ethical considerations. The guideline's provisions include supporting data subjects' rights, conducting Privacy Impact Assessments (PIA), adopting privacy-by-design principles, limiting biases in AI systems, data minimisatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-11-02", "title": "Turkey and Philippines Memorandum of Understanding to enhance data protection cooperation", "url": "https://www.kvkk.gov.tr/Icerik/8173/Kurumumuz-ve-Filipinler-Veri-Koruma-Otoritesi-Arasinda-Is-Birligi", "description": "On 11 February 2025, the Turkish Data Protection Authority (KVKK) and the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation in data protection and explore joint initiatives on personal data privacy. The MoU establishes a framework for collaboration and promoting the exchange of good practices between the respective institutions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-30", "title": "National Privacy Commission guidelines on biometric data", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/", "description": "On 30 May 2025, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) closes its consultation on the implementation of international data protection standards in the country. The initiative is part of the development of regulations under the Data Privacy Act of 2012, with a specific focus on the drafting of guidelines on biometric data. Stakeholders and the public are invited to provide information on use cases related to biometric data, including physical, physiological, or behavioural characteristics for u...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-08-09", "title": "Data protection regulation in Open Access in Data Transmission Act (Act No. 12234)", "url": "https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2025/08/24/republic-act-no-12234/", "description": "On 8 September 2025, the Open Access in Data Transmission Act, including data protection regulation, enters into force. The Act embeds data protection by requiring providers to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and security of transmitted information. It also mandates full compliance with the Data Privacy Act and related cybersecurity laws under the oversight of the National Privacy Commission. It guarantees end users' rights to privacy and non-discriminatory access, prohibits unlawfu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "title": "National Privacy Commission investigation into Tools for Humanity over alleged data privacy violations", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/FINAL-2025.09.23-Cease-and-Desist-Order-CID-CDO-25-001-Application-for-Issuance-of-Cease-and-Desist-Order-for-In-the-Matter-of-World-App-Processing-of-Personal-Information_SGD.pdf", "description": "On 23 September 2025, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued a cease-and-desist order (CDO) against Tools for Humanity (TFH), the entity operating the World App and Orb verification system. The order prohibits making the World App available, conducting Orb device verification, and transferring or sharing any previously collected personal data. TFH is also required to submit the total number of Filipino registrants and its operating locations. The NPC found that TFH's data processing pra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-07", "title": "Data protection regulation in Artificial Intelligence Regulation Act (AIRA/SBN-25)", "url": "https://web.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4649942502!.pdf", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Regulation Act (AIRA/SBN-25), which includes data protection regulation, was introduced to the Senate. AIRA creates a regulatory regime for the development and use of AI, including artificial general intelligence (AGI), artificial superintelligence (ASI), and AI foundation models, and applies to all AI developers and deployers in the Philippines. Under AIRA, one of the conditions for mandatory registration of AI systems under section 12 would be the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Department of Information and Communications Technology cybersecurity initiatives", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1269016", "description": "On 13 February 2026, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) launched 3 cybersecurity initiatives, the Bug Bounty Program, the DICT Trusted Assessment Provider (D-TAP) framework, and the Cybersecurity Posture Assessment Laboratory (CPAL). The initiatives address the protection of government digital systems and critical infrastructure. The Bug Bounty Program invites the reporting of vulnerabilities in government systems and online services. The D-TAP framework establ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 May 2021", "title": "NPC draft guidelines on administrative fines (e.g. for violations of the Data Privacy Act)", "url": "https://www.privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/DRAFT_-Guidelines-on-Admisnitartive-Fines.pdf", "description": "The National Privacy Commission closes the public consultation for its draft guidelines on administrative fines, which would apply a fine of up to 5% of annual gross income for certain breaches of the Data Privacy Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 June 2021", "title": "Data protection measure in the Guidelines for Adoption of Open Finance Framework", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Regulations/Issuances/2021/1122.pdf", "description": "The Open Finance Framework is adopted by the Central Bank of the Philippines. The framework aims to foster innovation, encourage competition, and advance financial inclusion while safeguarding the integrity and stability of the financial system. Open Finance refers to leveraging on and sharing customer-permitted data among banks, other financial institutions and third-party providers to develop innovative financial solutions. The Open Finance Framework intends to enhance the portability and i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 October 2023", "title": "Circular on Data Privacy Act Registration requirements", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/", "description": "On 10 July 2023, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines implemented the Circular No. 2022-04 regarding the registration requirements of the Data Privacy Act (DPA) after the lapse of the 180-day grace period for registration. The Circular sets out the conditions and process of the registration framework for Data Protection Officers (DPO) and Data Processing Systems (DPS), including the legal thresholds which, upon being met, require mandatory registration and the procedures a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 May 2023", "title": "NPC investigation regarding a potential breach of personal data involving compromised accounts on the mobile application GCash", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-concludes-investigation-on-unauthorized-gcash-transactions/", "description": "On 24 May 2023, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) concluded its investigation of a potential breach of personal data involving compromised accounts on the GCash mobile application. The NPC determined that the unauthorized GCash transactions stemmed from phishing attacks, particularly through gambling sites. GCash's operator, GXI, complied with NPC orders to enhance user education and security measures. The NPC affirmed its commitment to penalizing violations of the Data Privacy Act and p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 March 2024", "title": "National Privacy Commission guidelines on the issuance of identification (ID) cards to data subjects (NPC Circular No. 2023-03)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Published-NPC-Circular-No.-2023-03_Guidelines-on-Identification-Cards_07Nov2023.pdf", "description": "On 29 March 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC)'s guidelines on the issuance of identification (ID) cards to data subjects (NPC Circular No. 2023-03) entered into force. The guidelines apply to all personal information controllers (PICs) in the private sector issuing ID cards to their respective data subjects. The guidelines provide information on the processing of personal data when issuing ID cards, specifying that it should be compliant with the proportionality principle. In partic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 August 2022", "title": "Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and Anti-Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials (CSAEM) Act (Republican Act No. 11930)", "url": "https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2022/ra_11930_2022.html#:~:text=%E2%80%94%20This%20Act%20shall%20be%20known,Materials%20(CSAEM)%20Act.%22", "description": "On 14 August 2022, the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and Anti-Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials (CSAEM) Act (Republic Act No. 11930) came into effect. This law amends the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, aiming to protect children from various forms of online sexual abuse and exploitation, particularly those facilitated through information and communications technology (ICT). The Act targets the punishment of online sexual abuse or exploitation of ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 December 2020", "title": "Policy Guidelines on Data Localization of Data Stored in the Cloud", "url": "https://dict.gov.ph/dict-releases-amended-cloud-first-policy-for-govt-transition-to-new-normal/", "description": "On 12 June 2020, the Philippines Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) announced the amendment of the Draft Executive Order – Policy Guidelines on Data Localization of Data Stored in the Cloud. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the DICT has updated its Cloud First Policy, acknowledging the significance of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). The revised policy offers guidance on its scope, data categorisation, security measures, sovereignty, residency,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 September 2023", "title": "Philippines data residency", "url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/14nFO_hJGH-r7IK2xnEswOoHpN6NKwZsC/view?usp=sharing", "description": "On 20 September 2023, the draft executive order introducing a new data localisation regime for the Philippines was released. The order would mandate data localisation for cloud service providers and other intermediaries providing cloud computing services for the Philippine government, as well as to private entities processing confidential or sensitive personal information.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 July 2023", "title": "National Privacy Commission Advisory Guidelines on Deceptive Design Patterns (No. 2023-01)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/NPC-Advisory-No.-2023-01-Guidelines-on-Deceptive-Design-Patterns_7Nov23.pdf", "description": "On 7 November 2023, the National Privacy Commission adopted the Advisory Guidelines on Deceptive Design Patterns. The circular is addressed to data handlers processing personal data based on consent obtained from the data subject. The guidelines specify the techniques that would be classified as “deceptive design patterns” and would make the consent obtained invalid, as it would not be freely given, specific and informed. Furthermore, the guidelines outline the transparency, fairness and acco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 April 2024", "title": "NPC Guideline on legitimate interest (NPC Circular No. 2023 - 07)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NPC-Circular-No.-2023-07_Guidelines-on-Legitimate-Interest_13-December-2023.pdf", "description": "On 13 April 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) guidelines on legitimate interest entered into force. The guidelines apply to controllers and third parties that process or are involved in the processing of personal data on the lawful basis of the legitimate interest. Processing based on legitimate interest necessitates meeting specific criteria, such as establishing a genuine interest, ensuring the necessity and lawfulness of the chosen means, and ensuring legitimacy without violating...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2023", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Victorias Milling Company following a complaint alleging its data processing practices are unlawful", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPC-18-004-and-18-005-2023.11.13-CA-v-Westparc-Condominium-Decision.pdf", "description": "On 30 June 2023, the Data Protection Authority of the Philippines dismissed a complaint against the Victorias Milling Company for its personal data processing practices. The corporation had required employees to submit Disclosure Statements containing personal information, which were then processed to verify accuracy and detect discrepancies. The Authority ruled that the corporation had a legitimate interest in preventing and addressing conflicts of Interest, in line with regulatory requireme...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 February 2022", "title": "Act Criminalizing the Creation and Dissemination of \"Fake News\" (HB 2971)", "url": "https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/bills/house-bill-no-2971-19th-congress", "description": "On 2 August 2022, a bill criminalizing the creation and dissemination of \"Fake News\" (HB 2971) was introduced into the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The bill aims to make the creation and dissemination of false news a criminal offence. If passed, the Act would bring amendments to sections 3 and 4 of Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 October 2024", "title": "NPC Circular 2024-01 Containing Amendments to Rules of Procedure of the National Privacy Commission", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NPC-Circular-2024-01-Amendments-to-the-2021-Rules-of-Procedure-of-the-NPC-FOR-PUBLICATION.pdf", "description": "On 10 February 2024, the National Privacy Commission of the Philippines implemented its Amendments to the rules of procedure of the National Privacy Commission. Notably, the Amendments include changes to the Commission’s powers, including its conduct of sua sponte investigations where a data breach notification is not brought, and the conduct of various modes of compliance checks. The Amendments extend the list of definitions to include, among others, hearing officers, mediation officers, med...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 January 2024", "title": "NPC Statement on Misrepresentation and False Information in Data Processing System Registration", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Warning-to-PICs-and-PIPs-re-DPS-Registration-OED_FNL.pdf", "description": "On 27 January 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) released a public advisory cautioning against misrepresentation and the dissemination of false information during data processing system registration. The NPC emphasised Section 25(G) of NPC Circular No. 2022-04, which stipulates that the NPC holds the authority to revoke the registration of a Personal Information Controller (PIC) or Personal Information Processor (PIP) if they furnish inaccurate details or misrepresent crucial informa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2021", "title": "Philippines: APEC CBPR Accreditation Scheme", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/privacy-commission-launches-open-call-for-accountability-agent-applicants-for-apec-cross-border-privacy-rules-system/", "description": "On 15 October 2021, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines announced that it was accepting applications for accreditation as Accountability Agent under the APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) system. Under the APEC CBPR system, Accountability Agents certify that a company or organisation's practices and privacy policies are compliant with the requirements of the system. The system itself is voluntary and accountabiility-based.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 October 2024", "title": "VAT on digital services in Bill Amending and Adding New Sections of the National Internal Revenue Code (SB No. 2528)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-2528", "description": "On 18 October 2024, the Bill Amending and Adding New Sections of the National Internal Revenue Code, including 12% VAT on digital services (SB No. 2528), enters into force. The Bill mandates nonresident digital services providers (DSP) to register for and collect a 12% value-added tax (VAT) on digital services consumed in the country. The digital services include online search engines, marketplaces, cloud services, media and advertising, platforms, and digital goods. Under the Bill, certain s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "NPC Circular 2023-05 or the Prerequisites for the Philippine Privacy Mark Certification Program", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-issues-circulars-to-strengthen-personal-data-protection-in-ph/", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) Circular 2023-05 on prerequisites for obtaining the Philippine privacy mark certification for organisations and certification bodies entered into force. The circular is addressed to personal information controllers (PICs), personal information processors (PIPs), and the accreditation of Certification Bodies (CBs) under the PPM Certification Program. A PIC or PIP must be certified with ISO/IEC 27001 (Information Security Management System...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2024", "title": "National Privacy Commission (NPC) Circular 2023-06 on Security of Personal Data in the Government and Private Sector", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-issues-circulars-to-strengthen-personal-data-protection-in-ph/", "description": "On 30 March 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) Circular 2023-06 Security of Personal Data in the Government and Private Sector entered into force. The Circular provides updated requirements for the security of personal data processed by personal information controllers (PICs) or personal information processors (PIPs). The requirements include the designation and registration of a data protection officer, the registration of data processing systems, conducting privacy impact assessmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 May 2024", "title": "NPC notice to businesses processing personal data without registering", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-to-issue-show-cause-orders-to-unregistered-businesses-handling-personal-data/", "description": "On 5 June 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued a warning to businesses processing personal data without registering with the NPC. Non-compliance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA) and related NPC orders will result in show-cause orders. NPC Circular No. 2022-04 mandates the registration of data processing systems and data protection officers for businesses processing personal data of 250 or more employees, 1’000 or more customers, or data posing significant risks to data su...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 December 2024", "title": "BSP advisory against fraudulent social media content", "url": "https://www.bsp.gov.ph/SitePages/MediaAndResearch/MediaDisp.aspx?ItemId=7163", "description": "On 12 July 2024, the Central Bank of the Philippines (BSP) issued an advisory on the proliferation of scams utilising artificial intelligence to fabricate convincing fake videos and audio aimed at spreading misinformation about the BSP and its officials. The BSP clarified that it does not endorse any cryptocurrency projects, including the Tesler Code, and urged the public to exercise caution, avoid disclosing personal information to unverified sources, verify communications from BSP represent...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2024", "title": "NPC Advisory Opinion on Personal Data Processing under Section 13 (f) of the Data Privacy Act of 2012", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPC-Advisory-No.-2024-02-Personal-Data-Processing-Based-on-Section-13-f.pdf", "description": "On 12 August 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines adopted an advisory opinion on personal data processing based on Section 13 (f) of the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The advisory aims to clarify the lawful basis for processing personal data by personal information controllers (PICs), particularly in relation to the functions of public authorities. It establishes the conditions under which personal data processing is considered necessary, including for the protection of ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Act Prohibiting Online Publication and Promotion of Gambling Related Content Providing Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes (SB No. 2602)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4371839725!.pdf", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Act Prohibiting Online Publication and Promotion of Gambling-Related Content Providing Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes (SB No. 2602) was introduced in the Senate of the Philippines. The Act would prohibit natural and juridical persons from distributing or advertising gambling-related content online. In the event of a violation, the Department of Justice (DOJ) would be authorised to issue a disabling order to restrict or block access to such content. Additionall...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 July 2021", "title": "Immorality, Pornography and Obscenity Deterrence Act (SB No. 734)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3842634881!.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2022, Senate Bill No. 734, known as the Immorality, Pornography, and Obscenity Deterrence Act, was introduced to the Senate of the Philippines. The Act aims to enhance the protection of minors online by increasing penalties for obscene, pornographic, and immoral activities on the internet. To achieve this, the Act would amend the Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815) by further specifying prohibited content and detailing the methods of distribution or transfer that are also prohibited.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "5 December 2022", "title": "Act Criminalising the Creation and Dissemination of Fake News for the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation (SB No. 1590)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-1590", "description": "On 12 May 2022, the Act Criminalising the Creation and Dissemination of Fake News for the Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation (SB No. 1590) was introduced in the Senate of the Philippines. The Act would amend the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (RA 10175) by criminalising the creation and dissemination of fake news. To achieve this, the Act would expand the content-related offences under the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 to include the prohibition of fake news, defined as...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 January 2023", "title": "Act Prohibiting the Online Placing of Bets for all Lotto Games and all Instant Paper Games (SB 2374)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-2374", "description": "On 1 August 2023, an Act Prohibiting the Online Placing of Bets for all Lotto Games and all Instant Paper Games (SB 2374) was introduced in the Senate of the Philippines. The Act would prohibit the placing of bets for all Lottery Games, including digit games, Small Town Lottery (STL), and other Instant Paper Games, as defined by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) 2022 Revised Rules and Regulations, unless the bets are placed physically at authorised Lotto Outlets. The Act would ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "9 June 2022", "title": "Anti-Online Gambling Act (SB No. 1281)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-1281", "description": "On 6 September 2022, the Anti-Online Gambling Act (SB No. 1281) was introduced in the Senate of the Philippines. The Act would prohibit the placing, receiving or otherwise knowingly transmitting of a bet or wager by any means that involves the internet. The Act would punish misconduct with an imprisonment or a fine up to PHP 500'000.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "29 January 2021", "title": "NPC Advisory No. 2021 - 01 on Data Subject Rights", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/NPC-Advisory-2021-01-FINAL.pdf", "description": "On 29 January 2021, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) adopted the Advisory No. 2021 - 01 on Data Subject Rights. The Advisory defines general principles for the interpretation of the Advisory and the handling of personal data in general. The Advisory provides detailed information on each right of a data subject, namely the right to be informed, the right to object to data processing, the right to access one’s personal data, the right to rectify incorrect or inaccurate informati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 December 2024", "title": "Guidelines on personal data processing under Section 13(f) of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 clarifying the basis for processing personal data", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPC-Advisory-No.-2024-02-Personal-Data-Processing-Based-on-Section-13-f.pdf", "description": "On 12 August 2024, the National Privacy Commission of the Philippines adopted guidelines clarifying the application of Section 13(f) of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 as the basis for processing personal data. The section allows the processing of sensitive personal and privileged information when necessary for the protection of lawful rights and interests in court proceedings, or for the establishment, exercise, or defence of legal claims, or when provided to government or public authority. The...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 November 2023", "title": "IPOPHL Site Blocking Rules for Intellectual Property Infringements", "url": "https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/news/ipophl-rolls-out-new-site-blocking-rules-to-stamp-out-piracy-redirect-consumers-to-legit-markets/", "description": "On 20 November 2023, the Memorandum Circular 23-025 was implemented, establishing rules on voluntary administrative site blocking. This order allows blocking access to pirated sites, addressing the Philippines' high piracy rate in East and Southeast Asia. Circular 23-025 was developed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) in collaboration with the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) and various Internet service providers (ISPs) and establishes a framework fo...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 September 2024", "title": "Movie and Television Review and Classification Board Act (SB No. 2805)", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-2805", "description": "On 9 March 2024, the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board Act (SB No. 2805) was introduced to the Senate of the Philippines, substituting the Video and Online Games and Outdoor Media Regulation Act (SB No.1063). The Act would amend the purpose of presidential decree No. 1986, known as \"creating the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB)\". The Act would expand MTRCB's jurisdiction to include online curated content services, defined as streaming services, t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 March 2023", "title": "Anti-False Content on the Internet Act (HB 07579)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB07579.pdf", "description": "On 14 March 2023, the Anti-False Content on the Internet Act was introduced to the Philippine House of Representatives, penalising the publication and proliferation of false content on the Internet. The Act would target messaging service providers, online advertising providers, and platform intermediaries that host user-generated content. It would establish specific punishable actions, including knowingly creating and disseminating misleading content, the use of fictitious accounts for such p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 August 2022", "title": "Anti-Child Pornography and Online Sexual Exploitation Act (HB No. 4116)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB04116.pdf", "description": "On 26 August 2022, the Anti-Child Pornography and Online Sexual Exploitation Act (HB No. 4116) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Act would amend Republic Act No. 9775, known as the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009. The Act provides a number of definitions, including a definition of a child, defined as any person below 18 or those who are depicted or portrayed as children in sexual content, explicit sexual activity, defined as sexual acts, whether real or...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 July 2022", "title": "Anti-Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children Act of 2020 (HB No. 2066)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB02066.pdf", "description": "On 18 July 2022, the Anti-Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children Act of 2020 (HB No. 2066) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Act would amend Republic Act No. 9775, known as the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009. The Act defines sexual abuse or exploitation material as online or offline material of a child engaging or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities, and Information and Communications Technology Service Provider (ICTSP) as an en...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 May 2023", "title": "Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 11930", "url": "https://www.doj.gov.ph/news_article.html?newsid=Gy6FwM2iTYmMsHvGQTVzYzYHbg4gyEGBEunh1t98O30", "description": "On 18 May 2023, the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for Republic Act No. 11930, known as the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of Children (OSAEC) and Child Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials (CSAEM) Act, were adopted. The rules establish the National Coordination Centre against OSAEC and CSAEM under the Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking (IACAT) to develop programs addressing OSAEC and CSAEM.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 January 2023", "title": "Artificial Intelligence authority governance in Artificial Intelligence Development and Regulation Act of the Philippines (HB7396)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB07396.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2023, the Artificial Intelligence Development and Regulation Act of the Philippines (HB7396) was introduced into the Philippine House of Representatives including Artificial Intelligence authority governance. The Act aims at safely developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Philippines while ensuring alignment with ethical principles, human rights and public interest. The Act would establish the AI Development Authority (AIDA) with the tasks of overseeing the development and de...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 September 2023", "title": "NPC investigation into Populus Lending Corporation over multiple alleged breaches of DPA (NPC SS 21-008)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/NPC-SS-21-008-2023.09.26-O.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2023, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued a ruling in its investigation into Populus Lending Corporation (Pesopop) over multiple alleged breaches of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA). The NPC previously filed a temporary ban on the processing of personal data against Pesopop due to alleged violations of the DPA. The NPC found that Pesopop violated section 25 of the DPA by processing personal data, including sensitive data, without a lawful basis, since the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 August 2023", "title": "NPC investigation into BPI over alleged unauthorised access and disclosure (NPC 20-283)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPC-20-283-2023.08.17-MAG-v.-BPI-Decision-Final.pdf", "description": "On 17 August 2023, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) closed its investigation into the Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) over an alleged violation of the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (DPA). The investigation concerned a customer who was contacted by a fraudster pretending to be an employee of the BPI and wanting to gain personal information from her. The customer claimed that the BPI did not safely guard her personal data, which made it possible for the fraudster to contact and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 November 2023", "title": "Lawsuit concerning cyber libel (Causing v People)", "url": "https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/258524.pdf", "description": "On 11 October 2023, the Supreme Court of the Philippines issued a decision in the case of Causing v. People, affirming that the prescription period for Cyber Libel is one year, in line with the Revised Penal Code. The case arose from a complaint filed by Representative Ferdinand Ledesma Hernandez against Causing for allegedly defamatory Facebook posts made in 2019, accusing Hernandez of misappropriating funds intended for Marawi siege victims. The ruling clarified that Cyber Libel is consider...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2022", "title": "Act Penalising all Forms of Fake/False News, and for other Purposes (HB No. 862)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB00862.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2022, an Act Penalising all Forms of Fake/False News and for other Purposes (HB No. 862) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Act would penalise all forms of fake or false news and propose stringent penalties and sanctions for individuals and corporations found guilty of disseminating false information. Under the Act, offenders could face fines of a minimum of PHP 500,000.00 and imprisonment of a minimum of ten years. The Act would mandate the Phili...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Regulation Act (HB No. 10489)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB10489.pdf", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Regulation Act (HB No. 10489) was introduced in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. The Act would prohibit the operation of foreign adversary-controlled applications within the Philippines, targeting entities that distribute, maintain, or update such applications through app stores or internet hosting services. Companies fall under the Act if they permit users to create an account to share and view text, images and vid...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 July 2023", "title": "Basic Necessities and Prime Commodities Discount for Senior Citizens Act (HB No. 8789)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB08789.pdf", "description": "On 7 August 2023, the Basic Necessities and Prime Commodities Discount for Senior Citizens Act (HB No. 8789) was introduced to the House of Representatives of the Philippines, amending the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. The Act would criminalise the creation and dissemination of cyber fake news. The Act defines “fake news” as false information, facts, stories and news that are shared with the intention to mislead its audience. The Act would mandate the Cybercrime Investigation and Coordin...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 May 2022", "title": "Lawsuit concerning data privacy in broker dealer regulations (Philippine Stock Exchange and others v. Secretary of Finance)", "url": "https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/213860-the-philippine-stock-exchange-inc-bankers-association-of-the-philippines-philippine-association-of-securities-brokers-and-dealers-inc-fund-managers-association-of-the-philippines-trust/", "description": "On 5 July 2022, the Supreme Court of the Philippines ruled on the case Philippine Stock Exchange and others v Secretary of Finance, emphasising the importance of necessity in the collection and processing of personal data under the Data Privacy Act (DPA) (Republic Act No. 10173). The court found that the regulations requiring broker dealers to disclose personal information of their clients, such as Tax Identification Number (TIN), birthdate, and address, did not comply with the DPA. This ruli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 March 2024", "title": "DTI Center for AI Research", "url": "https://www.dti.gov.ph/archives/news-archives/dti-drives-ai-innovation-national-roadmap-2-0-cair-launch/", "description": "On 3 July 2024, the Philippine Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) adopted an order establishing the Center for AI Research (CAIR). CAIR aims to use the potential of AI to address societal and industrial changes, further economic growth, and promote inclusive development. Specifically, CAIR intends to create AI solutions for regional concerns specific to the Philippines, such as in the areas of healthcare and agriculture, thereby establishing the country as a leader in multiple AI applicat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 January 2022", "title": "Amendment to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (HB No. 892)", "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/basic_19/HB00892.pdf", "description": "On 1 July 2022, an amendment (HB No. 892) to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10173) was introduced into the Philippine Parliament. The amendment introduces increased penalties for the unauthorised processing, access, and disclosure of personal information, with fines ranging from PHP 1,000,000 to PHP 5,000,000 and imprisonment terms of three to six years, dependent on the nature of the violation. The Bill contains specific provisions pertaining to instances of negligence that r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 May 2022", "title": "Amendment to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (SB No. 1367) concerning public disclosure of personal information", "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-1367", "description": "On 5 October 2022, an amendment to the Data Privacy Act of 2012 (SB No. 1367) was introduced in the Philippine Senate. The amendment introduces exceptions, such as information necessary to comply with financial laws, and during a national health emergency or pandemic, where personal information may be processed to address the health crisis, subject to guidelines issued by the Department of Health.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "DICT memorandum on the principles and guidelines for the ethical and trustworthy use of AI in the government", "url": "https://dict.gov.ph/ictstatistics/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/DRAFT-COPY_JMC-on-the-Principles-for-an-Ethical-and-Trustworthy-Use-of-Artificial-Intelligence-AI-in-Government.pdf", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Department of Information And Communications Technology of the Philippines published a draft memorandum on the principles and guidelines for the ethical and trustworthy use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the government. The principles apply to the executive branch, government-owned and controlled corporations, and local government units and encourage other branches to adopt the principles to foster ethical AI usage in the Philippines. The principles aim to ensure the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 March 2022", "title": "National Privacy Commission investigation into Grab's compliance with Data Privacy Act", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/npc-suspends-grab-phs-selfie-verification-audio-video-recording-systems/", "description": "On 3 February 2022, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines issued a cease-and-desist order (CDO) to Grab following an investigation into the company's compliance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The investigation identified deficiencies in three personal data processing systems used by Grab PH: selfie verification, in-vehicle audio recording, and in-vehicle video recording. These deficiencies were found to potentially endanger the privacy rights of the riding public. The N...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 June 2022", "title": "NTC order blocking 26 websites linked to communist terrorist groups", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177276#:~:text=The%20memorandum%20came%20after%20National,its%20leader%2C%20Jose%20Maria%20Sison.", "description": "On 6 June 2022, the National Telecommunications Commission adopted an order blocking 26 websites allegedly linked to communist terrorist groups. The order requires internet service providers in the Philippines to block access to 26 websites associated with communist terrorist groups (CTGs), including the National Democratic Front of the Philippines, Communist Party of the Philippines, Bulatlat, Hiyaw, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, and Rural Missionaries of the Philippines. The order imposes obl...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 August 2022", "title": "DOJ investigation into Usapang Diskarte for alleged streaming of child sexual abuse material", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1182503", "description": "On 30 August 2022, the Department of Justice of the Philippines (DOJ) initiated an investigation into a local social media channel, “Usapang Diskarte,” which allegedly streams child sexual abuse material. The investigation requires Facebook and YouTube to disclose information related to online child exploitation through two warrants to disclose computer data.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 December 2023", "title": "CICC investigation into social media platforms for inaction regarding fake accounts and scams", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1215660", "description": "On 19 December 2023, the Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center (CICC) of the Philippines announced an investigation into social media platforms for inaction regarding fake accounts and scams. CICC highlighted its plans to penalise social media and e-commerce platforms for allowing accounts that promote fake products and scams, thereby endangering local consumers. CICC highlighted that the Internet Transactions Act of 2023 empowers CICC to seek action against these platforms, requir...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 October 2024", "title": "CICC outline for AI utilisation in social media platforms for combating scams", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1216713", "description": "On 10 January 2024, the Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center outlined its call for social media platforms and online service providers to utilise artificial intelligence (AI) in combating cybercrimes, particularly scams. This outline encourages social media and online service providers to take action to prevent the re-emergence of scams under new profiles with similar content. CICC highlighted that the Internet Transactions Act of 2023 empowers the CICC to seek penalties against p...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "COMELEC guidelines on the use of social media, artificial intelligence and internet technology for the 2025 elections and the BARMM parliamentary elections", "url": "https://comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2025NLE/Resolutions/com_res_11064.pdf", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Commission on Election's resolution No. 11064, establishing regulations for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and social media in digital campaigns for the 2025 national, local, and BARMM parliamentary elections, enters into force. The resolution mandates candidates and political parties to register all digital campaign platforms by 13 December 2024, ensuring compliance with transparency requirements, including disclosing AI usage in campaign materials. The res...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 April 2022", "title": "Campaign on removing online child pornography and illegal gambling content", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1171356", "description": "On 4 April 2022, Globe Telecom, in collaboration with the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) and other government agencies, announced the blocking of 11,320 websites and 502 domains hosting pornographic content, alongside 194 domains related to illegal gambling. This action is part of Globe's ongoing #MakeITSafePh initiative, launched in 2017, aimed at combating online child pornography and illegal gambling through content moderation regulation. The company has inv...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 June 2024", "title": "NPC guidelines on child-oriented transparency to protect children's personal data in accordance with the Data Privacy Act (DPA)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Advisory_Guidelines_on_Child_Oriented_Transparency_For_Public_Input.pdf", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the Philippine National Privacy Commission (NPC) closes the consultation on guidelines on child-oriented transparency to protect children's personal data in accordance with the Data Privacy Act (DPA) of 2012. The guidelines outline the responsibilities of Personal Information Controllers (PICs) when processing children's data, ensuring that appropriate security measures are in place to safeguard the best interests and evolving capacities of children. The scope of the guide...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "17 December 2024", "title": "NPC Guidelines on Child-Oriented Transparency (No. 2024 - 03)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Advisory-2024.12.17-Guidelines-on-Child-Oriented-Transparency-w-SGD.pdf", "description": "On 17 December 2024, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines adopted the Guidelines on Child-Oriented Transparency (No. 2024-03). These guidelines apply to all Personal Information Controllers (PICs) and Personal Information Processors (PIPs) engaged in the processing of children’s personal data across various sectors. The guidelines mandate the incorporation of Child Privacy Impact Assessments (CPIAs) into Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs), the implementation of age assuranc...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 July 2025", "title": "Department of Trade and Industry engagement with Meta's Consumer Policy Channel for e-commerce oversight", "url": "https://www.dti.gov.ph/news/dti-taps-meta-enhanced-e-commerce-oversight/", "description": "On 7 March 2025, the Philippine Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), through its Fair Trade Enforcement Bureau and E-Commerce Bureau, met with Meta to initiate the onboarding process to Meta's Consumer Policy Channel (CPC). The CPC is a system provided by Meta that enables regulatory agencies to track transactions on Facebook, submit reports of potential violations, and request content takedowns using a combination of user reports, automated detection, and human review. The CPC is applicab...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 March 2025", "title": "Competition Commission and National Privacy Commission inquiry into competition and data privacy approaches among platform intermediaries and search services", "url": "https://phcc.gov.ph/resource-details/dialogue-on-data-privacy-and-competition-policy-between-pcc-npc-held", "description": "On 19 March 2025, the Philippine Competition Commission (PCC) and the National Privacy Commission (NPC) announced an inquiry examining the intersection of data privacy and competition policy among social media and search platforms. The inquiry focuses on the market power of large technology firms, including Meta and Google. The inquiry highlighted concerns including consumer choice in data collection, the role of data portability and interoperability in fostering competition, and challenges p...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 June 2025", "title": "National Privacy Commission guidelines on accountability of influencers and content creators", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/", "description": "On 27 June 2025, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) closes its consultation on the guidelines on accountability of influencers and content creators. The consultation sought input from stakeholders on the processing of personal data by influencers and content creators, including the types of personal data processed, legal basis for processing, consent and transparency mechanisms, specific risks, challenges encountered, requests for deletion, existing safeguards, awareness of the Data Privac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "25 July 2022", "title": "Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (Bill No. 818)", "url": "https://web.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=19&q=SBN-818", "description": "On 25 July 2022, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (Bill No. 818) was introduced to the Senate of the Philippines. The Bill regulates how debt collectors may operate and outlines rules for acquiring borrowers’ location information and limits contact with third parties. Collectors must identify themselves truthfully, not disclose that a debt exists, and avoid repeated or misleading communications unless necessary. They are prohibited from indicating any link to debt collection in public f...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "Content moderation authority governance in Bill regulating the use of Social Media Platforms by Minors", "url": "https://senate.gov.ph/legacy/lis_bills/4651442518!.pdf", "description": "On 2 July 2025, Bill Regulating the Use of Social Media Platforms by Minors (Bill No. 40), content moderation authority governance, was introduced to the Senate. The Bill establishes age restrictions for social media use, prohibiting individuals under 18 from accessing such platforms. It requires providers to implement age verification measures, including options such as ID checks or facial recognition. The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) is tasked with overseei...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "7 February 2025", "title": "Authorisation of goods or services requirement in Artificial Intelligence Regulation Act (AIRA/SBN-25)", "url": "https://web.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/4649942502!.pdf", "description": "On 2 July 2025, the Artificial Intelligence Regulation Act (AIRA/SBN-25), which includes an authorisation requirement, was introduced to the Senate. AIRA creates a regulatory regime for the development and use of AI, including artificial general intelligence (AGI), artificial superintelligence (ASI), and AI foundation models, and applies to all AI developers and deployers in the Philippines. AIRA would give the National AI Commission (NAIC) the responsibility to certify and monitor AI-related...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "27 August 2025", "title": "National Privacy Commission Advisory on privacy engineering in systems life cycle processes (No. 2025-02)", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/FINAL_NPC_Advisory2025-02.pdf", "description": "On 27 August 2025, the Philippines' National Privacy Commission adopted an Advisory establishing guidelines on privacy engineering in systems life cycle processes. The Advisory applies to all personal information controllers and personal information processors engaged in processing personal data through data processing systems. The Advisory emphasises privacy-by-design and privacy-by-default implementation across five system development stages, including planning and requirements gathering, d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 October 2025", "title": "National Privacy Commission's statement on nature of registration and its jurisdiction under Data Privacy Act 2012", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/official-statement-of-the-national-privacy-commission-as-to-the-nature-of-registration-its-jurisdiction-and-official-position/", "description": "On 13 October 2025, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) issued a statement reaffirming its role as the Philippines’ independent data protection authority under the Data Privacy Act of 2012. The statement clarified that registration with the Commission does not imply approval or confirmation of lawful data processing. It stressed that organisations remain responsible for compliance and safeguarding personal data. The NPC also stressed its exclusive authority to determine the legality of data...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 January 2026", "title": "Department of Information and Communications Technology investigation into xAI over Grok image-generation capabilities", "url": "https://dict.gov.ph/news-and-updates/25522", "description": "On 21 January 2026, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) concluded the investigation opened on 16 January 2026 into xAI concerning the image-generation capabilities of its artificial intelligence chatbot, Grok, and lifted the access restriction imposed on that date. The action followed an order to ensure a safe digital space for Filipino users. An inter-agency technical assessment, led by the Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center (CICC) and the Nationa...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Inquiry into Meta over deepfake content and fake news on Facebook", "url": "https://eclips.senate.gov.ph/congress/tulfo-hits-meta-over-delay-in-removing-deepfake-vs-marcos", "description": "On 11 February 2026, the Senate Committee on Public Information and Mass Media held a hearing as part of its oversight inquiry into Meta Platforms, regarding the handling on Facebook of a deepfake post targeting the President, as well as other allegedly false content. The hearing referred to an alleged delay in removing the deepfake post, which it stated had been circulating since 2 February 2026. The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) indicated that Meta removed t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2 February 2026", "title": "Documentary requirements for accreditation and renewal of cybersecurity testing laboratories under Cybersecurity Posture Assessment Laboratory Framework (Circular No. HRA-003, Series of 2026)", "url": "https://cms-cdn.e.gov.ph/DICT/pdf/Department%20Circular%20No%20HRA-003%20s2026.pdf", "description": "On 2 February 2026, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) issued Department Circular No. HRA-003, Series of 2026. The circular prescribes the mandatory documentary requirements for the accreditation and renewal of cybersecurity testing laboratories under the Cybersecurity Posture Assessment Laboratory (CPAL) framework. It applies to public and private institutions seeking initial accreditation or renewal to conduct independent technical cybersecurity evaluations o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 February 2026", "title": "Competition Commission market study into intersection of competition and data privacy in social media and search platforms", "url": "https://www.phcc.gov.ph/storage/pdf-resources/1768987578_1768981498_PCC%20Market%20Study%20No.%2001,%20Series%20of%202025%20Competition%20Policy%20and%20Data%20Privacy%20in%20Social%20Media%20and%20Search%20Platforms-compressed.pdf", "description": "On 20 February 2026, the Philippine Competition Commission published a market study examining the intersection between competition policy and data privacy on social media and search platforms. The study found that both markets exhibit high levels of concentration, with major established platforms benefiting from extensive and consolidated datasets across integrated services. Examples of such platforms include Meta’s Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp, as well as Google’s Gmail, Maps, and YouTu...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Authority for Child Care assessment of Meta's measures to address accounts linked to child trafficking", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1270499", "description": "On 6 March 2026, the National Authority for Child Care (NACC) requested that Meta Philippines remove Facebook groups and accounts reported to be involved in online child trafficking, illegal adoption, and exploitation. The NACC encouraged social media intermediaries to restrict access to platforms reportedly used for online baby sales and other forms of child exploitation. Platforms may be held liable under the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2022 (RA 11862) if they knowingly or t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10173)", "url": "https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/08/15/republic-act-no-10173/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: The Data Privacy Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10173) is the Philippines' comprehensive data protection law that protects personal information in all its forms and regulates its collection, use, and disclosure. It establishes the National Privacy Commission as the primary regulatory authority and grants individuals rights over their personal data including access, correction, and erasure....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "COMELEC Resolution No. 11064 (Prohibition of AI-Generated Campaign Content)", "url": "https://comelec.gov.ph/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: COMELEC Resolution No. 11064, adopted on September 17, 2024, establishes comprehensive guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and social media in digital campaigns for the 2025 Philippine national, local, and parliamentary elections. The resolution prohibits deepfakes and manipulated AI-generated content, mandates clear labeling of all AI-generated materials, and requires registration of digital campaign platforms by December 13, 2024....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "DOST AI National Roadmap", "url": "https://dost.gov.ph/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) AI National Roadmap, launched in June 2021 as part of the 'AI for Better Normal' initiative, establishes a comprehensive framework for artificial intelligence research and development in the Philippines covering 2019-2029. The roadmap prioritizes development of national AI infrastructure including R&D centers, professional training programs, and mission-driven applications across health, education, agriculture, disaster risk reduction, and smart cities, backed by 480 million pesos in funding from 2017-2021....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "House Bill No. 7396 (Artificial Intelligence Development and Regulation Act)", "url": "https://www.congress.gov.ph/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: House Bill No. 7396, titled 'Artificial Intelligence Development Act of the Philippines,' was introduced on March 1, 2023, in the Philippine House of Representatives. The bill proposes establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Development Authority (AIDA) under the Office of the President to oversee AI development and deployment, develop national AI strategy, establish ethical AI standards, ensure compliance with data protection laws, and create licensing and certification requirements for AI systems. As of late 2024, the bill remains pending in Congress and has not been enacted into law....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "House Bill No. 7983 (National Center for AI Research Establishment Act)", "url": "https://dict.gov.ph/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: House Bill No. 7983, titled 'Artificial Intelligence Development Act,' proposes establishing a National Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (NCAIR) attached to the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) for policy and program coordination. The bill provides a national strategy for AI development, appropriates dedicated funding for AI research infrastructure, and aims to position the Philippines as a regional leader in artificial intelligence innovation through concentrated research capacity, talent development, and technology commercialization....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "House Bill No. 9448 (Protection of Labor Against Artificial Intelligence Automation Act)", "url": "https://www.dole.gov.ph/", "description": "AI law in Philippines: House Bill No. 9448, titled 'An Act Regulating the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Systems in the Labor Industry,' was filed by Quezon City Representative Juan Carlos 'Arjo' Atayde on November 7, 2023. The bill prohibits using AI and automation to replace human workers unless equivalent alternative employment is provided, bans sole AI-based hiring and termination decisions, grants employees rights to object to AI evaluations, and requires employers to adopt AI governance policies under Department of Labor and Employment oversight....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National AI Strategy Roadmap (NAISR 1.0)", "url": "https://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/86-2025-news/3989-dost-builds-on-", "description": "AI law in Philippines: The National AI Strategy Roadmap (NAISR 1.0) was launched by the Department of Trade and Industry in May 2021 as a whole-of-nation strategic guide to accelerate AI adoption across industry, government and research. It sets national priorities including infrastructure, workforce development, research & development, data governance and establishment of a national AI research center to position the Philippines as a regional AI hub....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "NPC Advisory No. 2024-04: Guidelines on the Application of the Data Privacy Act to AI Systems Processing Personal Data", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Advisory-2024.12.19-Guidelines-on-Artificial-Intelligence-w-SGD.pdf", "description": "AI law in Philippines: The National Privacy Commission's Advisory No. 2024-04, issued on December 19, 2024, provides comprehensive guidelines on applying the Data Privacy Act of 2012 to artificial intelligence systems that process personal data. The advisory covers all phases of AI development including training, testing, and deployment, emphasizing principles of transparency, accountability, fairness, and data subject rights protection....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 101, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "608" }, { "id": "LU", "title": "Luxembourg", "entries": [ { "title": "National Commission for Data Protection investigation into Amazon for violation of EU data protection law (GDPR)", "url": "https://justice.public.lu/fr/actualites/2026/03/arret-cour-administrative-amazon.html", "description": "On 12 March 2026, the Administrative Court issued a judgment annulling the National Data Protection Commission’s decision and sent the Amazon case back for reassessment. The ruling concerned an appeal against the Court’s previous judgment of 18 March 2025, which had upheld the CNPD decision of 15 July 2021. That decision had imposed a fine of EUR 746 million and coercive measures under penalty of a daily fine of EUR 746'000 on an online commerce operator for violations of Regulation (EU) 2016...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 January 2022", "title": "Luxembourg: Bill 7847 implementing the EU Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive (EU) 2019/790", "url": "https://www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/TravailALaChambre/Recherche/RoleDesAffaires?action=doDocpaDetails&backto=/wps/portal/public/Accueil/TravailALaChambre&id=7847", "description": "On 1 April 2022, Bill no. 7847 implementing EU Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright in the Digital Single Market was adopted by the Parliament of Luxembourg. In particular, the Bill amends the Luxembourg law of 18 April 2001 on copyright, the law of 3 December 2015 on orphan works use and the law of 25 April 2018 on the collective management of copyright and the multi-territorial licensing of musical copyright of musical works that are hosted online. The Bill introduces:\n-exceptions to author...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 February 2023", "title": "Bill 8168 on the identification of natural persons and e-walllets regulation", "url": "https://www.chd.lu/fr/dossier/8168", "description": "On 2 March 2023, Bill 8168, amending the amended law of 19 June 2013 relating to the identification of natural persons, was introduced into the Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies. In particular, the Bill establishes a framework to regulate personal digital wallets (\"e-wallets\") to allow citizens to authenticate themselves online through a government app and other electronic devices. It is intended to host digital certificates of identity cards, residence permits, travel documents, driver's licens...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "4 November 2025", "title": "Bill 8309 implementing Digital Services Act in Luxembourg", "url": "https://legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/loi/2025/04/04/a125/jo", "description": "On 11 April 2025, Luxembourg’s Law of 4 April 2025 implementing Digital Services Act entered into force. The law applies to providers of intermediary services falling within scope in Luxembourg and operationalises national supervision and enforcement of Digital Services Act obligations by empowering the Luxembourg Competition Authority as the Digital Services Coordinator and competent authority under the national framework. From that date, the national procedures and powers set out in the law...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "National Commission for Data Protection Code of Conduct for temporary employment sector under GDPR", "url": "https://cnpd.public.lu/en/actualites/national/2025/02/fsi-code-conduite-evenement-feb2025.html#:~:text=The%20CNPD%20has%20adopted%20the,provided%20for%20under%20the%20GDPR.", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD) adopted the Code of Conduct for the temporary employment sector under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The code is the first sectoral Code of Conduct in Luxembourg. The Code of Conduct serves as a voluntary compliance tool to clarify and concretise GDPR implementation within the temporary employment sector.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 March 2025", "title": "National Commission for Data Protection's investigation into video surveillance practices at state secondary school for alleged violations of the GDPR (Deliberation No. 2FR/2025)", "url": "https://cnpd.public.lu/fr/decisions-sanctions/2025/decision-02-fr-2025.html", "description": "On 26 March 2025, the National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD) of Luxembourg issued Deliberation No. 2FR/2025 concerning video surveillance at a state-run secondary school. The decision followed an investigation into the school's data processing practices, which had been attributed to the Ministry responsible for the Lycée. The CNPD found that the school acted as the data controller and had committed several violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), including failures...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Artificial Intelligence: A Strategic Vision for Luxembourg", "url": "https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/luxembourg/luxembourg-ai-strategy-report_en", "description": "AI law in Luxembourg: Published in May 2019 as part of the Digital Lëtzebuerg programme, "Artificial Intelligence: A Strategic Vision for Luxembourg" sets out a human-centric, applied approach to AI. It articulates seven pillars (living lab, data, ethics/privacy/security, investment & partnerships, public sector use, skills, international cooperation) and establishes an inter-ministerial governance approach to monitor and update AI policy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Data Strategy (aligned with the national AI and quantum strategies — 'Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030')", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/strategy-data", "description": "AI law in Luxembourg: The Luxembourg National Data Strategy, published as part of the 'Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030' initiative, establishes a centralized governance model, secure infrastructures and operational enablers to unlock public and private data value while preserving privacy and EU values. It aligns national action on data with parallel AI and quantum strategies to strengthen digital sovereignty, interoperability with European data spaces, and responsible innovation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Strategy (part of 'Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030')", "url": "https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/en/actions/national-initiatives/national-strategies/luxembourg-artificial-intelligence-strategy-2030", "description": "AI law in Luxembourg: Luxembourg’s National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, published as part of the “Accelerating Digital Sovereignty 2030” initiative, sets out a people-centred, EU-aligned roadmap to develop sovereign infrastructure, skills, governance, and sectoral AI adoption by 2030. It prioritises trustworthy AI, alignment with the European AI Act and GDPR, regulatory sandboxes, a national AI Factory and flagship projects across finance, health, public administration and other high-impact sectors....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "442" }, { "id": "MT", "title": "Malta", "entries": [ { "date": "20 August 2021", "title": "Guidance Note on Cookies Consent", "url": "https://idpc.org.mt/idpc-publications/guidance-note-on-cookies-consent-requirements/", "description": "On 20 August 2021 the Information and Data Protection Commissioner of Malta (IDPC) adopted the guidance note on cookies requirements. The guideline aims to assist operators which make use of cookies in online services, such as websites or mobile apps. With the guidance note the IDPC aims to point out a non-exhaustive list of practices deemed non-compliant with the data protection rules, such as cookie walls, pre-ticked boxes and notices that scrolling implies constent. Additionally, an exampl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 October 2021", "title": "Data protection measures in Malta Guidelines on the processing of personal data for political campaigning purposes", "url": "https://idpc.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Guidelines-on-Poltical-Campaigning.pdf", "description": "The Guidelines on the processing of personal data for political campaigning purposes are updated by the Malta Information and Data Protection Commissioner. In particular, the Guidelines provide a uniform interpretation of the applicability of the General Data Protection Regulation in the political domain, especially as regards the carrying of political campaigning by political parties and candidates. The Guidelines regulate Postal and Telephony communications, Door-to-door canvassing and Elec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Order amending the Malta Communications Authority Act designating competent authorities and coordinator under the Digital Service Act (Legal Notice 66 of 2024)", "url": "https://www.mca.org.mt/sites/default/files/pageattachments/Press%20Release%20-%20MCA%20designated%20as%20Malta%20DSC.pdf", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Digital Services (Designation and Enforcement) Order, 2024 was published as Legal Notice 66 of 2024 and thereby designated the Malta Communications Authority (MCA) as Malta’s Digital Services Coordinator for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act). The designation authorises the Malta Communications Authority to oversee the compliance of Malta-based intermediary service providers with the Digital Services Act and to facilitate cross-border cooper...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "AI Innovative Technology Arrangement (AI ITA) scheme / National AI certification programme (MDIA)", "url": "https://mdia.gov.mt", "description": "AI law in Malta: The Malta Digital Innovation Authority (MDIA) established a voluntary certification and assurance pathway for Innovative Technology Arrangements (ITAs), explicitly encompassing AI, to promote trustworthy adoption through certification, sandboxing and alignment with national AI strategy goals launched in 2019. The ITAS Certification Regulations (Subsidiary Legislation 591.01) (2024) and MDIA guidance tools (AI Control Objectives, MDIA-TAS) operationalise assessment, documentation, technical administration and registration requirements for certified ITAs....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "227 of 2025 - Artificial Intelligence (Designation of the Information and Data Protection Commissioner for the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) Regulations, 2025 (Legal Notice)", "url": "https://legislation.mt/eli/ln/2025/227/eng", "description": "AI law in Malta: Legal Notice 227 of 2025 designates the Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) as Malta’s Market Surveillance Authority (MSA) for specific high‑risk AI systems listed under Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU AI Act). The Notice sets notification and magistrate‑authorisation requirements for remote biometric identification systems and grants the Commissioner enforcement powers including administrative penalties for infringements....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Digital Education Strategy 2024–2030 (Ministry for Education, Youth, Sport, Research & Innovation)", "url": "https://www.gov.mt/en/publicconsultation/Pages/2024/NL-0008-2024.aspx", "description": "AI law in Malta: The Digital Education Strategy 2024–2030 sets a national roadmap for embedding digital competence across Malta’s education system. Developed by the Ministry for Education, Sport, Youth, Research & Innovation (MEYR) and the Directorate for Digital Literacy and Transversal Skills (DDLTS), it defines four pillars—Nurturing Digital Global Citizens, Empowering Educators, Community Engagement, and Enriching Digital Resources—and a set of measures and actions to be implemented across 2024–2030....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "226 of 2025 - Artificial Intelligence Regulations, 2025 (Legal Notice)", "url": "https://legislation.mt/eli/ln/2025/226/eng", "description": "AI law in Malta: Legal Notice 226 of 2025 establishes Malta's national implementing framework for the EU Artificial Intelligence Act, designating the Malta Digital Innovation Authority (MDIA) as the primary national market surveillance and competent authority for most AI systems while setting national enforcement powers, conformity assessment and sandbox arrangements. It complements Legal Notice 227 of 2025 which designates the Information and Data Protection Commissioner for specified high‑risk, data‑sensitive AI systems....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Malta Digital Strategy 2023–2027", "url": "https://mdia.gov.mt/", "description": "AI law in Malta: Malta Diġitali 2022–2027 is the national digital strategy setting Malta’s policy priorities, goals and enablers for digital transformation across society, government and the economy. It emphasises people‑centred digital public services, infrastructure, cybersecurity, data governance and skills while aligning with EU Digital Decade targets and national economic objectives....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National eSkills Strategy 2022–2025 (eSkills Malta Foundation)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/path-digital-decade", "description": "AI law in Malta: The National eSkills Strategy 2022–2025, coordinated by the eSkills Malta Foundation, sets Malta's priorities for digital skills across four pillars (Education, Society, Workforce, ICT professionals). It builds on the 2019–2021 strategy and aligns with the EU Path to the Digital Decade, focusing on inclusion, employability and multi‑stakeholder governance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malta — The Ultimate AI Launchpad: A Strategy and Vision for Artificial Intelligence in Malta 2030", "url": "https://mdia.gov.mt/national-strategies/malta-ai-strategy-and-vision/", "description": "AI law in Malta: Launched October 2019, Malta’s national AI strategy — 'The Ultimate AI Launchpad' — sets a vision for Malta to become an AI testbed and scale hub by 2030. The strategy establishes three pillars (investment/startups, public sector adoption, private sector adoption) and three enablers (education & workforce, legal & ethical framework, ecosystem infrastructure), together with a national AI certification programme and a 72-action short-term plan....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Malta Digital Innovation Authority (Amendment) Act, Act No. XIX of 2024", "url": "https://legislation.mt/eli/act/2024/19/eng", "description": "AI law in Malta: Act No. XIX of 2024 amends the Malta Digital Innovation Authority Act (Cap. 591) to broaden the powers, remit and institutional framework of the Malta Digital Innovation Authority (MDIA), update definitions and terminology, create an administrative review mechanism, strengthen enforcement and sanctions, and enable the Authority to perform expanded regulatory functions related to novel digital technologies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Malta — Towards Ethical and Trustworthy AI (Malta's Ethical AI Framework)", "url": "https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2019/October/3/pr192097.aspx", "description": "AI law in Malta: Malta’s Ethical AI Framework ("Towards Trustworthy AI") is a non‑binding national guidance published in October 2019 that sets out principles and practical control practices to promote ethical, transparent and human-centric deployment of AI. It establishes four core principles — human autonomy, prevention of harm, fairness and explicability — and underpins Malta’s voluntary national AI certification initiative managed by the Malta Digital Innovation Authority (MDIA)....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 12, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "470" }, { "id": "SE", "title": "Sweden", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-01-12", "title": "Cybersecurity measures in amendment to Security Protection Act", "url": "https://svenskforfattningssamling.se/doc/2021952.html", "description": "The proposal for an amendment to the Security Protection Act is implemented. The amendment to enhances the role of security protection managers, incentivises the use of security protection agreements and requires special security assessments in case of procedures that involve security agreements, including consultation with the regulatory authority. Finally, the amendment enhances the supervisory authorities' investigative and sanctioning powers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-26", "title": "IMY investigation into Bonnier for alleged misuse of personal data", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/fel-anvanda-kunders-personuppgifter-for-profilering-utan-samtycke/", "description": "On 26 June 2023, the Swedish Privacy Protection Agency (IMY) fined Bonnier, a Swedish media group, for purportedly misusing personal data to ad profile customers. The company has been sanctioned with an administrative fine of SEK 13 million for the acquisition and management of personal data with the intention of using it for marketing, without obtaining the consent of the individuals involved. The IMY asserts that the company gathered information from multiple sources, which was subsequently...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-24", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Avanza Bank's use of Meta-pixel analysis tool compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.imy.se/globalassets/dokument/beslut/2024/beslut-tillsyn-avanza.pdf", "description": "On 24 June 2024, the Data Protection Authority (IMY) announced its decision to impose an administrative sanction fee of SEK 15 million against Avanza Bank AB for violating articles 5.1(f) and 32.1 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) due to inadequate security measures while using the Meta-pixel analysis tool from 15 November 2019 to 2 June 2021. Article 5.1f of GDPR requires that personal data must be processed securely, employing appropriate technical and organisational measures...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "Swedish Data Protection Authority investigation into Apoteket and Apohem for transfer of personal data to Meta", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/sanktionsavgifter-mot-apoteket-och-apohem-for-overforing-av-personuppgifter-till-meta/", "description": "On 30 August 2024, the Swedish Data Protection Authority (IMY) issued a ruling in its investigation into local pharmacies Apoteket and Apohem for unlawful transfer of personal information to Meta. In particular, the IMY found that the companies breached Article 32(1) of the GDPR for failing to adopt adequate measures to ensure an appropriate level of security for the personal information of their customers when using the Meta pixel analysis tool on their websites. The tool was used by the com...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "IMY regulations on processing of personal data related to violations of the law including sanction list checks", "url": "https://www.imy.se/globalassets/dokument/ovrigt/imyfs-2024-1-foreskrifter-om-behandling-av-personuppgifter-som-ror-lagovertradelser.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the regulations on the processing of personal data related to violations of the law, including sanction list checks of the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY), enter into force. The regulations permit specific companies, particularly in the financial sector and the security and defence market, to process personal data related to legal violations when conducting checks against sanction lists. The regulations eliminate the previous requirement for companies to see...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-12", "title": "Law 2024:954 on supplementary national provisions to Digital Services Act in Sweden designating competent authorities and coordinator", "url": "https://data.riksdagen.se/fil/DB4214E8-0C63-4D06-9E3A-2354A1C2A9B9", "description": "On 1 December 2024, Law 2024:954 on supplementary provisions to the Digital Services Act (DSA) entered into force in Sweden. The Law supplements the DSA by setting out national rules on competent authorities, supervisory measures, judicial review, and sanctions. Within that framework, the Law designates the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority (PTS) as Sweden’s Digital Services Coordinator and assigns supervisory and enforcement responsibilities, alongside additional competent authorities for s...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Data Protection Authority inquiry into personal data processing for training artificial intelligence models in custody matters", "url": "https://www.imy.se/publikationer/vidarebehandling-av-personuppgifter-i-vardnadsarenden-for-att-trana-en-ai-modell/", "description": "On 9 December 2025, the Data Protection Authority (IMY) released a report on personal data processing for training artificial intelligence models in custody matters. The project, conducted with the law firm Familjens Jurist within the IMY regulatory sandbox, evaluated the use of custody case data to predict high-conflict scenarios. The inquiry focused on whether further processing for AI training complies with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) principles, specifically purpose limitati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 July 2021", "title": "Oversight mechanism architecture in the establishment of Sweden National Cyber Security Centre", "url": "https://pts.se/sv/nyheter/om-pts/2021/therese-naess-chef-for-nationellt-cybersakerhetscenter/", "description": "On 7 September 2021, the Swedish National Cyber Security Center is established by the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority. The aim of the center is to coordinate the collaboration on cybersecurity between a number of authorities, such as the Security Police, the Armed Forces, and the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 June 2022", "title": "PTS Cookie Guidance", "url": "https://pts.se/sv/bransch/internet/sakerhet-och-skydd-av-uppgifter/Regler-om-skydd-av-uppgifter-vid-tillhandahallande-av-tjanster/information-om-kakor/", "description": "On 17 June 2022, the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority (PTS), the sector authority in the fields of electronic communications and postal services, has published a set of Guidelines on the proper use of cookies to store user information on websites. Specifically, the Guidelines set out the requirements that have to be complied with to obtain valid user consent to cookie use.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 September 2022", "title": "Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection investigation into Klarna Bank AB identity verifications methods", "url": "https://www.imy.se/globalassets/dokument/ovrigt/tillsynsskrivelse-klarna-2022-09-13.pdf", "description": "On 13 September 2022, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (APP) announced that it had opened an investigation into Klarna Bank concerning the company's methods of verifying individuals' identities. In particular, the Data Protection Authority opened its investigation in response to individual complaints against Klarna Bank. According to the complaints, Klarna Bank has made unreasonable demands on how private individuals have had to identify themselves. Individuals also complained abo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "20 December 2022", "title": "IMY investigation of Google LLC concerning data processing and compliance with right to be forgotten", "url": "https://www.imy.se/tillsyner/google/", "description": "On 20 December 2022, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court decided not to grant an appeal in the Google v Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection's (IMY) case concerning Google's practices in complying with the right to be forgotten under the GDPR, giving effect to the judgment issued on 30 November 2021 by the Gothenburg Court of Appeal, which ordered Google to pay a fine of SEK 50 million. The Court of Appeal found that Google's practice of informing webmasters about the removal of a UR...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 March 2023", "title": "Investigation into WhatsApp for alleged violation of Electronic Communications Act", "url": "https://www.pts.se/sv/nyheter/internet/2023/pts-granskar-whatsapp-pa-grund-av-misstanke-om-bristande-incidentrapportering/", "description": "On 30 March 2023, the Swedish Post and Telecommunications Board (PTS) announced the launch of an investigation into messaging service WhatsApp to review its compliance with the obligation to report a security incident. According to the PTS, the investigation was sparked by a global outage WhatsApp’s service that occurred on 25 October 2022, which PTS has assessed to be a reportable security incident. The Electronic Communications Act places an obligation on companies to report significant sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "15 May 2023", "title": "IMY Supervisory Plan 2023", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/tillsynsplan-2023-ar-publicerad/", "description": "On 15 May 2023, the Swedish Privacy Protection Authority (IMY) published its annual Supervisory Plan. The plan sets forth the IMY's decisions regarding the reviews to be conducted throughout the year. This year, the planned inspections encompass the evaluation of camera surveillance in publicly accessible locations. Earlier this year, the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) launched a collaborative effort to investigate the role and position of data protection officers. As part of this init...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 March 2025", "title": "Authority for Privacy Protection investigation into Spotify's compliance with individuals' requests to access their personal data", "url": "https://www.domstol.se/nyheter/2025/06/spotify-ab-ska-betala-en-sanktionsavgift/", "description": "On 3 June 2025, the Administrative Court of Appeal upheld the SEK 58 million fine imposed on Spotify AB for noncompliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The penalty was originally issued by the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) in June 2023, following an investigation initiated by a complaint. According to the Court, Spotify did not provide users with sufficiently clear and accessible information on how their personal data is processed, including details on d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 March 2023", "title": "IMY investigation into Google Analytics usage by CDON, Coop, Dagens Industri and Tele2", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/bolag-maste-sluta-anvanda-google-analytics/", "description": "On 3 July 2023, the Swedish Privacy Authority (IMY) issued a ruling concluding its investigation into Google Analytics usage by CDON, Coop, Dagens Industri and Tele2. The IMY examined that the supplementary technical measures implemented by the four companies, in addition to EU standard contractual clauses, were not sufficient to guarantee the necessary level of protection for the data they transferred to the United States following the Schrems II judgement invalidating the Privacy Shield. Th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "30 August 2023", "title": "IMY investigation into Trygg-Hansa for alleged GDPR breach", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/sanktionsavgift-pa-35-miljoner-mot-trygg-hansa/", "description": "On 30 August 2023, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) imposed a fine of SEK 35 million on the insurance company Trygg-Hansa. The IMY, following its investigation, found vulnerabilities that resulted in the exposure of customer insurance data on the internet. The IMY's investigation determined that customer information for 650’000 individuals was accessible from October 2018 to February 2021. The IMY's findings indicated that Trygg-Hansa had failed to implement adequate technic...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 September 2023", "title": "IMY Regulations on the processing of personal data relating to criminal offences", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/nya-foreskrifter-ska-forenkla-for-vissa-bolag-att-hantera-uppgifter-om-lagovertradelser/", "description": "On 18 September 2023, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) published a draft of new regulations on the processing of personal data relating to criminal offences. The regulations set out the conditions under which persons other than the authorities can process personal data referred to in article 10 of EU regulation 2016/679 of 27 April 2016, and apply to companies under the supervision of the Financial Supervisory Authority offering financial services and being obliged to comply...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "19 October 2023", "title": "IMY investigation into H&M's direct marketing based on data subject requests", "url": "https://www.imy.se/en/news/hm-has-made-it-unnecessarily-difficult-to-avoid-marketing/", "description": "On 19 October 2023, the Swedish Agency for Privacy Protection (IMY) issued an administrative fine of SEK 350,000 in its investigation into H&M over its alleged failure to stop direct marketing based on data subject requests in violation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The IMY investigation found that the company has failed to handle requests from individuals who do not want to receive marketing from the company. H&M failed to stop the direct marketing based on personal data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2024", "title": "IMY Guideline on Processing of Personal Information by AI in Accordance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.imy.se/verksamhet/dataskydd/innovationsportalen/vagledning-om-gdpr-och-ai/gdpr-och-ai/", "description": "Official source record dated 27 February 2024 for Sweden concerning IMY Guideline on Processing of Personal Information by AI in Accordance with GDPR. See the linked imy.se source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 March 2024", "title": "Lawsuit concerning certificates of issue under Freedom Press Ordinance precedence over GDPR (Case 6027-23)", "url": "https://www.domstol.se/kammarratten-i-stockholm/nyheter/2024/03/gdpr-kan-bli-tillamplig-trots-frivilligt-utgivningsbevis/", "description": "On 13 March 2024, the Court of Appeal in Stockholm issued a ruling (Case 6027-23) on the applicability of the EU Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in relation to the Swedish constitutional protection under the Basic Law on Freedom of Expression over certificates of issue. The Court rejected a company's request for personal data from the Swedish Prosecution Authority for journalistic activities, emphasising that the Swedish exemption for journalistic activities under the GDPR does not apply un...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 March 2024", "title": "IMY investigation into its decisions in complaints against holders of voluntary issuance certificates following Court of Appeal ruling on GDPR precedence", "url": "https://www.imy.se/nyheter/imy-ser-over-sin-hantering-av-klagomal-mot-innehavare-av-utgivningsbevis/", "description": "On 15 March 2024, the Swedish Data Protection Authority (IMY) announced a review of its handling of complaints against holders of voluntary publication licenses under the EU Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This decision was made following the ruling in Case 6027-23 of the Administrative Court of Appeal. The Court ruled that constitutional protection of publication certificates does not always take precedence over the GDPR. IMY has received several complaints regarding holders of publicatio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "14 May 2024", "title": "IMY Legal position IMYRS 2024:1 on complaints against search services with publication certificates", "url": "https://www.imy.se/publikationer/klagomal-mot-soktjanster-med-utgivningsbevis/", "description": "On 14 May 2024, the Swedish Data Protection Authority (IMY) issued Legal position IMYRS 2024:1 on complaints against search services with publication certificates. The Legal position is issued to provide an operational position and guidance on an issue where there is no other guidance by courts or the European Data Protection Board. With the new Legal position, IMY changes its previous position regarding the investigation of data protection complaints with publication certificates under Swedi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 June 2024", "title": "Case involving applicability of Articles 13 and 14 of GDPR when personal data is collected via body-worn cameras", "url": "https://www.domstol.se/nyheter/2024/06/begaran-om-forhandsavgorande-fran-eu-domstolen-i-mal-om-tillsyn-enligt-eus-allmanna-dataskyddsforordning/", "description": "On 14 June 2024, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court announced that it requested a preliminary ruling from the EU Court of Justice to clarify which of Articles 13 and 14 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) applies when personal data is collected via body-worn cameras. The request arises from a case where the Privacy Protection Authority imposed a penalty on a company for allegedly failing to meet the information provision requirements under Article 13 of GDPR during ticke...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "31 March 2025", "title": "Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection's guidance on updated Camera Surveillance Act", "url": "https://www.imy.se/verksamhet/kamerabevakning/nya-kameraregler-fran-den-1-april/", "description": "On 31 March 2025, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) issued comprehensive guidance to support implementation of the amended Camera Surveillance Act (2018:1200), which enters into force on 1 April 2025. The guidance clarifies the legal responsibilities of organisations following the removal of the permit requirement for camera surveillance in publicly accessible spaces. IMY outlines how actors must now independently carry out a documented interest-balancing assessment under the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 September 2024", "title": "Privacy Authority regulatory sandbox on LiDAR use in public spaces under GDPR and surveillance law", "url": "https://www.imy.se/publikationer/trygghetsmatning-i-offentliga-miljoer-med-hjalp-av-iot-teknik/", "description": "On 9 February 2024, the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection (IMY) concluded its second regulatory sandbox pilot, focused on the use of LiDAR sensors to measure public safety conditions in urban environments. Conducted in partnership with the Stockholm City Transport Office, IoT Sweden, and Kista Science City, the project explored the legal implications of processing data from LiDAR-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems intended to estimate the demographic composition of crowds in public...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 October 2025", "title": "Government's designation of Post and Telecom Authority as competent authority under EU Data Act", "url": "https://pts.se/nyheter-och-pressmeddelanden/pts-far-ansvar-for-ny-forordning-om-data--dataforordningen/", "description": "On 10 October 2025, the Swedish Government appointed the Post and Telecom Authority (PTS) as the competent authority for the European Union's (EU) Data Regulation on fair access to and use of data. The Regulation aims to create a uniform EU framework for secure and fair data sharing. It gives individuals and companies stronger rights to move and use their data. It covers data generated by smart devices, machines, and services.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 January 2026", "title": "Cybersecurity Act (2025:1506) implementing NIS 2 Directive", "url": "https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/cybersakerhetslag-20251506_sfs-2025-1506/", "description": "On 15 January 2026, the Cybersecurity Act (2025:1506), transposing Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS 2 Directive), enters into force. The Act applies to public and private operators that fall within its scope under Chapters 1 and 2, including operators in sectors listed in Annexes I and II to the NIS 2 Directive and meeting the applicable size or designation criteria. Operators in scope are subject to binding obligations to register with the competent supervisory authority, implement appropriate ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National approach to artificial intelligence (Nationell inriktning för artificiell intelligens)", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/coordinated-plan-artificial-intelligence", "description": "AI law in Sweden: Published by the Swedish Government on 16 May 2018, the "National approach to artificial intelligence" (Nationell inriktning för artificiell intelligens) sets out Sweden's strategic direction for AI focusing on four pillars: education, research, innovation & use, and framework & infrastructure. The document identifies priorities such as skills development, public-sector uptake, data access, ethical principles and participation in international standard-setting to realise AI's economic and societal benefits while managing associated risks....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 28, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "752" }, { "id": "BD", "title": "Bangladesh", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-07-16", "title": "Cross-Border Data Transfer Regulation in Data Protection Act", "url": "https://ictd.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ictd.portal.gov.bd/page/6c9773a2_7556_4395_bbec_f132b9d819f0/Data%20Protection%20Bill%20en%20V13%20Unofficial%20Working%20Draft%2016.07.22.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2022, the Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) released the draft Data Protection Act 2022. The draft outlines requirements for the cross-border transfer of personal data. In particular, the draft specifies that entities that want to transfer data outside the country will have to obtain authorization from the government.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-16", "title": "Data Protection Authority Governane Regulation in Data Protection Act", "url": "https://ictd.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ictd.portal.gov.bd/page/6c9773a2_7556_4395_bbec_f132b9d819f0/Data%20Protection%20Bill%20en%20V13%20Unofficial%20Working%20Draft%2016.07.22.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2022, the Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) released a draft Data Protection Act (2022). In particular, the draft would allow for the creation of a Data Protection Office under the oversight of the Digital Security Agency. The Data Protection Office would have the power to implement the Act, open investigation into compliance with the data protection requirements and conduct audits.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-07-16", "title": "Data localisation requirement in Data Protection Act", "url": "https://ictd.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ictd.portal.gov.bd/page/6c9773a2_7556_4395_bbec_f132b9d819f0/Data%20Protection%20Bill%20en%20V13%20Unofficial%20Working%20Draft%2016.07.22.pdf", "description": "On 16 July 2022, the Bangladesh Department of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) released the draft Data Protection Act 2022. The draft specifies that sensitive personal data and data generated by users have to be stored in the country.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Data transfer measures in United States-Bangladesh Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/files/Press/Releases/2026/U.S.%20BGD%20Agreement%20on%20Reciprocal%20Trade%20Final%2009FEB2026%20LETTER.pdf", "description": "On 9 February 2026, the United States and Bangladesh signed the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Under the Agreement, Bangladesh commits to allowing the free transfer of data across trusted borders, removing barriers in the insurance market and digitalising its customs procedures. The Agreement also provides for cooperation on export controls and the exchange of information on inbound investment, and includes a commitment by Bangladesh to adopt and implement specified regulatory practices. Both...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-05-21", "title": "Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025 (Ordinance No. 25 of 2025)", "url": "http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-1538.html", "description": "On 21 May 2025, the Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025 (Ordinance No. 25 of 2025), which repealed the Cyber Security Act 2023, entered into force with its publication in the official Gazette. The aim of the policy is to ensure cyber security and the identification, prevention, and suppression of offences committed in cyberspace while protecting fundamental rights such as freedom of expression. The ordinance enshrines the National Cyber Security Agency and the National Cyber Security Council as re...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2022", "title": "Draft Regulation on Digital, Social Media, and OTT Platforms", "url": "http://www.btrc.gov.bd/notice-board/public-consultation-draft-regulation-digital-social-media-and-ott-platforms-2021", "description": "On 18 February 2022, the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) closed the consultation on its draft regulation for \"Digital, Social Media, and OTT Platforms\". The draft outlines duties of intermediaries, such as a maximum user data collection period of 180 days after cancellation or withdrawal. Additionally, intermediaries tasked with securing the data according to national security standards and regulations. Furthermore, the draft includes the obligation to introduce a co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 September 2023", "title": "Cyber Security Act 2023 (Act No. 39 of 2023)", "url": "http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-1457.html", "description": "On 18 September 2023, the Cyber Security Act 2023 (Act No. 39 of 2023), which repeals and replaces the Digital Security Act 2018, entered into force with its publication in the Official Gazette. The aim of the policy is to ensure cyber security and establish provisions for the identification, prevention, and suppression of crimes committed through digital or electronic media. The Act establishes a National Cyber Security Agency and a National Cyber Security Council to oversee the protection o...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 June 2025", "title": "Personal Data Protection Ordinance, 2025 (Ordinance No. 61 of 2025)", "url": "http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-1574.html", "description": "On 6 November 2025, the President of Bangladesh issued the Personal Data Protection Ordinance, 2025 (Ordinance No. 61 of 2025) to establish a legal framework for the ownership and protection of personal data. The Ordinance aims to safeguard fundamental rights, particularly data privacy and security, while encouraging responsible innovation and a digital economy through lawful processing practices. It establishes obligations for data fiduciaries and processors regarding accountability, transpa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cyber Security Act, 2023 (সাইবার নিরাপত্তা আইন, ২০২৩)", "url": "https://legislativediv.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/legislativediv.portal.gov.bd/page/74e04fe7_3a20_4636_8e6e_e8d52c3f5182/Cyber%20Secrity.pdf", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: The Cyber Security Act, 2023 (Act No. 46 of 2023) is a comprehensive national law enacted by the Jatiya Sangsad to replace and consolidate provisions of the Digital Security Act, 2018 and related ICT provisions. It establishes institutional governance for cyber security, defines offences relating to cybercrime and critical information infrastructure, and sets out reporting, prevention, enforcement and penalty regimes....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Digital Security Act, 2018", "url": "https://www.dpp.gov.bd/bgpress/index.php/document/extraordinary_gazettes_monthly/2018-10-14", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: The Digital Security Act, 2018 (DSA) is a Bangladesh national statute enacted in 2018 to address cybercrime, digital harms, protection of critical information infrastructure and online offences. The Act defines offences related to hacking, digital espionage, false information, defamation, hurting religious sentiments and gives authorities powers for investigation, blocking, removal and prosecution....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2024 (Draft)", "url": "https://ictd.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ictd.portal.gov.bd/page/6c9773a2_7556_4395_bbec_f132b9d819f0/Draft%20National_AI_Policy_2024.pdf", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: The National Artificial Intelligence Policy 2024 (Draft) sets out Bangladesh’s principles and approach for harnessing AI for public service delivery, economic growth and social development while addressing risks to rights, security and privacy. The draft proposes the establishment of a National AI Centre of Excellence, an advisory council, sectoral adoption pathways and a risk-based governance approach while recommending legislation to operationalize enforcement and liability mechanisms....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Agency to Innovate (a2i) Bill / Agency to Innovate Act 2023", "url": "https://a2i.gov.bd/site/page/74e7e5ae-2f91-47a9-b339-00c5c76a92aa/-", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: The Agency to Innovate (a2i) Act 2023 establishes a statutory national innovation agency (a2i) to promote technology-driven public service innovation, build a knowledge-based society, and transfer existing a2i programme activities to the new body. The Act sets out governance structures, powers to form companies and enter partnerships, funding and reporting obligations, and mechanisms for coordination with government ministries and international partners....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission Regulation for Digital, Social Media and OTT Platforms (draft)", "url": "https://btrc.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/btrc.portal.gov.bd/notices/0031100b_c62f_46eb_9ce8_317e53ac881b/2022-02-06-04-33-68c9c154e5319e6e9179af538b3e47cb.pdf", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: A 2021–2022 draft regulation prepared by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) to govern digital platforms, social media, and OTT services accessible in Bangladesh. The draft proposes obligations including registration, local compliance personnel, content takedown timelines, data retention, and traceability requirements — provisions that have drawn sustained criticism from rights groups and international observers for potential impacts on freedom of expression and privacy....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: Bangladesh (National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence Bangladesh)", "url": "https://ictd.portal.gov.bd", "description": "AI law in Bangladesh: The National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence – Bangladesh is a government-published strategic roadmap (March 2020) prepared by the Information and Communication Technology Division to guide responsible AI adoption across priority sectors. It sets six strategic pillars (R&D, skilling, data & infrastructure, ethics/privacy/security & regulation, funding/acceleration, industrialization) and sectoral action plans for public service delivery, manufacturing, agriculture, mobility, skills & education, finance & trade, and health....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 14, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "050" }, { "id": "IS", "title": "Iceland", "entries": [ { "date": "10 April 2022", "title": "List of countries with adequate data protection", "url": "https://www.stjornartidindi.is/Advert.aspx?RecordID=d636d4a3-907f-4304-8ad6-c8c6ce1ac138", "description": "On 4 October 2022, the Ministry of Justice of Iceland adopted an \"advertisement\" (No.1155/2022) listing countries that provide adequate protection of personal information, enabling cross-border data transfers to these countries in compliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The list is effective immediately. It lists countries with adequate data protection according to standards set by Article 45 of the General Data Protection Regulation as well as countries with protect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 December 2024", "title": "Media Law Amendment Act (38/2011)", "url": "https://www.althingi.is/altext/pdf/154/s/1244.pdf", "description": "On 12 March 2024, the Icelandic Parliament adopted the Media Law Amendment Act (38/2011). The Act specifies that personal data of children, whether collected or generated by media providers, may not be used for commercial activities such as direct marketing or the creation of personalised advertising. Additionally, the Act establishes that infringements related to the processing of personal data are subject to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Oversight and issuance of sanctions ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 July 2025", "title": "Lawsuit on scope of access to beneficial ownership information under anti-money laundering rules under European Economic Are agreement (Combined Cases E-1/24 and E-7/24)", "url": "https://eftacourt.int/download/1-24-7-24-judgment-2/?wpdmdl=10559", "description": "On 7 May 2025, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Court delivered an advisory opinion in joined Cases E-1/24 and E-7/24 concerning access to beneficial ownership information under anti-money laundering law in the context of the European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement. The cases arose from proceedings before the Administrative Court of Liechtenstein, following refusals to disclose information from the national register of beneficial owners. In Case E-7/24, the Court held that persons wh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Iceland AI Action Plan 2024-2026", "url": "https://www.government.is/ministries/ministry-of-higher-education-innovation-and-science/", "description": "AI law in Iceland: Iceland's comprehensive AI Action Plan for 2024-2026 establishes 25 targeted measures across five pillars to position Iceland as a leader in responsible AI use. The plan emphasizes AI adoption in public services, healthcare, education, and economic competitiveness while preserving Icelandic language and culture....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Iceland Policy on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.government.is/", "description": "AI law in Iceland: Iceland's foundational AI Policy from 2021 establishes three pillars for responsible AI development: AI for the benefit of all, a competitive working life, and education in line with the times. This policy laid the groundwork for Iceland's subsequent AI Action Plan....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "352" }, { "id": "HR", "title": "Croatia", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-04-05", "title": "AZOP Investigation into B2 Kapital regarding unauthorised data processing", "url": "https://azop.hr/an-administrative-fine-in-the-amount-of-2-26-million-eur-imposed-to-the-debt-collection-agency/", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Croatian Personal Data Protection Agency (AZOP) issued a ruling in its investigation into debt collection agency B2 Kapital d.o.o. The investigation was based on an anonymous complaint that the agency had illegally processed the personal information of natural persons with outstanding debts. AZOP found a number of violations, including the failure to notify data subjects of processing, failure to conclude a contract to conduct such processing, and failure to take adequate s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-12", "title": "MPUDT designation of competent authorities for the supervision and enforcement of the AI Act", "url": "https://azop.hr/uredba-umjetna-inteligencija/", "description": "On 5 December 2024, the Ministry of Justice, Public Administration and Digital Transformation (MPUDT) notified the European Commission of the designation of competent authorities under the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689). These authorities will supervise national compliance with harmonised European rules on AI, set to be applied from 2 August 2026. The authorities are responsible for supervising and enforcing obligations relating to the protection of fundamental r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "10 May 2023", "title": "AZOP investigation into EOS Matrix compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://azop.hr/agenciji-za-naplatu-potrazivanja-eos-matrix-d-o-o-izrecena-upravna-novcana-kazna-u-iznosu-od-547-milijuna-eura/", "description": "On 5 October 2023, the Croatian Person Data Protection Agency (AZOP) announced that it had issued its ruling in the investigation into a debt collection agency, EOS Matrix, compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The EOS Matrix was fined EUR 5.47 million for failing to implement sufficient technical measures in the processing systems to identify deviations in standard activity. Further, the AZOP found that the EOS Matrix stored data of individuals who were not debtors. ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "14 September 2023", "title": "Agency for the Protection of Personal Data investigation into gambling and betting platforms over alleged illegal processing of personal data through cookies", "url": "https://azop.hr/upravne-novcane-kazne-zbog-neovlastene-obrade-osobnih-podataka-putem-kolacica/", "description": "On 14 September 2023, the Agency for the Protection of Personal Data fined two gambling and betting companies EUR 20’000 and EUR 30’000, for violating data protection regulations by illegally processing personal data through cookies without a legal basis. The companies failed to obtain proper consent for cookie usage, breaching Article 6 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Additionally, they violated Article 7 by not allowing users to give or withdraw consent for each cookie typ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 February 2024", "title": "Government of the Republic of Croatia decision designating Regulatory Authority for Network Industries as digital services coordinator under Digital Services Act", "url": "https://www.hakom.hr/en/the-decision-on-the-appointment-of-hakom-as-the-coordinator-for-digital-services-of-the-republic-of-croatia/11630", "description": "On 15 February 2024, the Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted a decision appointing the Croatian Regulatory Authority for Network Industries (HAKOM) as Croatia’s Digital Services Coordinator under Article 49(2) of the Digital Services Act (DSA). The DSA became fully applicable across the European Union on 17 February 2024, and HAKOM’s role as coordinator covers national coordination and cooperation with other national competent authorities, the European Commission, and other Digital ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Nacionalni plan za razvoj umjetne inteligencije (plan and action plan for period up to 2032; action plan 2026–2028) (National Plan for the Development of Artificial Intelligence to 2032)", "url": "https://mpudt.gov.hr/pristup-informacijama-6341/savjetovanja-s-javnoscu/radne-skupine-za-izradu-nacrta-prijedloga-zakona-drugih-propisa-i-akata/30151", "description": "AI law in Croatia: A government-led draft strategy to coordinate Croatia's national AI policy to 2032 together with a three-year action plan for 2026–2028. The draft establishes a multi-ministerial working group, sets priorities across governance, investment, skills, data and security, and aligns national planning with the EU digital and AI policy framework. (mpudt.gov.hr)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Nacionalna razvojna strategija Republike Hrvatske do 2030. godine (National Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia to 2030)", "url": "https://razvoj.gov.hr/istaknute-teme/sustav-strateskog-planiranja-i-upravljanja-razvojem-republike-hrvatske-4570/nacionalna-razvojna-strategija-republike-hrvatske-do-2030-godine-4578/4578?impaired=1", "description": "AI law in Croatia: The National Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia to 2030 (NRS 2030) is Croatia’s highest-level long-term strategic planning document, adopted by the Croatian Parliament on 5 February 2021 and published on 11 February 2021. It sets a vision for Croatia in 2030, establishes 13 strategic goals across four development directions (including green and digital transition), and provides a framework for aligning national, regional and sectoral planning, EU funding and monitoring mechanisms to support sustainable, inclusive and resilient development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Nacionalni plan oporavka i otpornosti 2021–2026 (National Recovery and Resilience Plan)", "url": "https://planoporavka.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//dokumenti//Plan%20oporavka%20i%20otpornosti%2C%20srpanj%202021..pdf", "description": "AI law in Croatia: The National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NPOO) 2021–2026 sets out Croatia’s national programme to use EU Recovery and Resilience Facility grants and loans to support recovery from the COVID-19 crisis and accelerate green and digital transitions. It comprises a mix of reforms and investments across economy, public administration, education, labour market, health, and building renovation and is implemented under coordination of the Government of the Republic of Croatia in line with EU procedures....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategija digitalne Hrvatske za razdoblje do 2032. godine (Digital Croatia Strategy for the period to 2032)", "url": "https://rdd.gov.hr/", "description": "AI law in Croatia: The Digital Croatia Strategy 2032 is a national, cross-sectoral strategic plan adopted by the Croatian Parliament on 16 December 2022 and published in the official gazette on 4 January 2023. It sets a ten-year roadmap to accelerate digital transformation across government, economy and society through infrastructure, public service digitalisation, high-capacity networks and digital skills while aligning with EU digital targets and emphasising cybersecurity and data protection....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategija pametne specijalizacije (S3) – S3 2029 (Smart Specialisation Strategy, S3 2029 revision) — includes AI as a priority technology", "url": "https://mzom.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//dokumenti/EUfondovi/PKK-2021-2027//S3-do-2029-Tekst-VRH-2023-7-2-2025.pdf", "description": "AI law in Croatia: The Croatian Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) to 2029 sets seven thematic priority areas to target public R&D and innovation investments and serves as an enabling condition for EU funds 2021–2027. The strategy introduces 'Digital products and platforms' as a national vertical where advanced digital technologies — including artificial intelligence — are explicitly supported through investments, skills development, and international cooperation....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National transposition process / working group for the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (transposition of the EU AI Act)", "url": "https://mpudt.gov.hr/pristup-informacijama-6341/savjetovanja-s-javnoscu/radne-skupine-za-izradu-nacrta-prijedloga-zakona-drugih-propisa-i-akata/30044?impaired=0", "description": "AI law in Croatia: Croatia has established an inter-ministerial working group to draft national implementing legislation for Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the EU Artificial Intelligence Act). The working group is chaired by the Ministry of Justice, Administration and Digital Transformation and includes representatives from line ministries, the national data protection authority and civil society; the process aligns national implementation with EU deadlines and designated supervisory authorities. Ministry listing....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 11, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "191" }, { "id": "RS", "title": "Serbia", "entries": [ { "date": "14 August 2024", "title": "Commissioner for Personal Data Protection investigation into Meta over alleged unauthorised data processing for AI development", "url": "https://www.poverenik.rs/en/news/4244-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%83-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8-%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BE-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B8-x-corp.html", "description": "On 14 August 2024, the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection announced an investigation into Meta for unauthorised data processing for Artificial Intelligence (AI) development. The Commissioner highlighted that Meta’s new privacy policy, which has been effective since 26 June 2024, involves processing personal data for AI development without informing users in Serbia. The Commissioner seeks to address the issue by requiring the companies to ensure they...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Belgrade Ministerial Declaration on AI", "url": "https://www.srbija.gov.rs/vest/823336/belgrade-ministerial-declaration-on-artificial-intelligence-adopted.php", "description": "AI law in Serbia: The Belgrade Ministerial Declaration, adopted by 44 GPAI member states and the EU, establishes a framework for responsible, human-centric AI, emphasizing international cooperation and ethical development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Ethical Guidelines for the Development, Implementation and Use of Reliable and Responsible AI", "url": "https://www.ai.gov.rs/extfile/en/471/Ethical%20guidelines%20for%20development%20implementation%20and%20use%20of%20robust%20and%20accountable%20AI.pdf", "description": "AI law in Serbia: Serbia's official ethical framework for AI development and deployment, adopted in March 2023. Establishes seven core conditions and four fundamental principles for reliable and responsible AI, including guidelines for high-risk AI systems identification and a self-assessment questionnaire for developers and users....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Belgrade Ministerial Declaration on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.ai.gov.rs/vest/en/1419/belgrade-ministerial-declaration-on-artificial-intelligence-adopted.php", "description": "AI law in Serbia: Multilateral declaration adopted at the 2024 GPAI Summit in Belgrade by 44 countries, committing to safe, secure, and trustworthy AI development. The declaration builds on OECD AI Principles and establishes Serbia's leadership role in global AI governance as GPAI co-chair....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Republic of Serbia 2020-2025", "url": "https://www.srbija.gov.rs/tekst/en/149169/strategy-for-the-development-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-republic-of-serbia-for-the-period-2020-2025.php", "description": "AI law in Serbia: Serbia's comprehensive national AI strategy adopted in December 2019, outlining objectives and measures for developing and applying AI across the economy and public services from 2020 to 2025. The strategy aims to catalyze economic growth, enhance public services, strengthen the scientific community, and cultivate skills for future employment....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "688" }, { "id": "RW", "title": "Rwanda", "entries": [ { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "AI Playbook for Small States", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/news-and-events/media-room/media-releases/2024/09/ai-playbook-for-small-states/imda-ai-playbook-for-small-states.pdf", "description": "Official source record dated 22 September 2024 for Rwanda concerning AI Playbook for Small States. See the linked imda.gov.sg source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 January 2024", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Ministerial Order No. 001/MINICT/2024 on the protection of children online", "url": "https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=91546&token=d5eb7096a06042554606ab1c4fac9b87b9de3c2e", "description": "On 23 January 2024, Ministerial Order No. 001/MINICT/24 came into force. The order requires the implementation of content filtering tools and content labelling to limit minors' access to harmful content. The order defines harmful online content as any material that could negatively influence a child's development, such as child sexual abuse content, depictions of human sexual organs, or material exposing children to sexual acts or bestiality through images, videos, or audio. In particular, di...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 March 2024", "title": "Presidential Order on Accession to Budapest Convention on Cybercrime", "url": "https://www.minict.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=94671&token=4be72d3cbe61fafe3f64a9239e953ae9261ecfb4", "description": "On 21 March 2024, Presidential Order No 020/01 was published in the Official Gazette of Rwanda, approving the accession to the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, established on 21 November 2001, and its Additional Protocol on the criminalisation of acts of racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems from 28 January 2003. The Convention serves as a framework that enables hundreds of practitioners from member parties to exchange experiences and build partnerships on cybercri...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 October 2021", "title": "Data transfer regulation in Law No. 058/2021 relating to the protection of personal data and privacy", "url": "https://dpo.gov.rw/dpp-law/#:~:text=On%20October%2015%2C%202021%2C%20Law,privacy%20of%20individuals%20in%20Rwanda.", "description": "On 15 October 2021, Law No. 058/2021, relating to the protection of personal data and privacy, entered into force. Personal data may be transferred outside Rwanda if authorised by the supervisory authority with appropriate safeguards or if specific conditions are met, including consent from the data subject, contractual necessity, public interest, legal claims, vital interests, or legitimate interests. Transfers must comply with Rwanda's ratified international instruments. Contracts are requi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 June 2022", "title": "National Bank of Rwanda Regulation on Cyber Security in Regulated Institutions (No. 50/2022)", "url": "https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2022/rw-government-gazette-dated-2022-06-17-no-special.pdf", "description": "On 17 June 2022, the Regulation on Cyber Security in Regulated Institutions (No. 50/2022) enters into force. The regulation applies to financial institutions supervised by the National Bank and establishes mandatory requirements for cybersecurity governance, risk management, and data protection. It mandates the implementation of governance frameworks involving Boards of Directors and Senior Management to oversee cybersecurity strategies and ensures the regular assessment of risks. The regulat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 July 2024", "title": "NCSA Minimum Cybersecurity Standards for Essential Service Providers", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=410&token=83f75b828d0b04c0ed2a4047cfb5b5f6a73172a3", "description": "On 28 July 2024, the Minimum Cybersecurity Standards for Essential Service Providers (ESPs) entered into force. These standards define baseline cybersecurity requirements to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical infrastructure, ICT systems, and stakeholders’ data handled by ESPs in Rwanda. The regulation applies to ESPs operating within Rwanda and introduces a tiered approach, dividing requirements into three categories based on service criticality and user impac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 April 2023", "title": "Measures establishing a Presidential Council on AI in National AI Policy", "url": "https://www.minict.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=67550&token=6195a53203e197efa47592f40ff4aaf24579640e", "description": "On 20 April 2023, the National AI Policy has been approved. The policy includes recommendations to facilitate AI integration within the private sector. These encompass identifying high-potential AI use cases aligned with national goals, conducting AI meetups and demonstrations to raise awareness, and establishing a Presidential Council on AI to offer strategic advice to both government and private entities. To strengthen the emerging AI ecosystem, the policy introduces the “Rwanda AI Program”...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 January 2024", "title": "DPO Standard Contractual Clauses for Personal Data Transfer Outside Rwanda under the Law No. 058/2021 of 13/10/2021", "url": "https://dpo.gov.rw/assets/documents/Personal-Data-Transfer-Outside-Rwanda-Standard-Contractual-Clauses.pdf", "description": "On 1 February 2024, the Data Protection and Privacy Office (DPO) issued the Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) for Personal Data Transfer Outside Rwanda under the Law Nº 058/2021 of 13/10/2021. These clauses ensure compliance with Article 49 of the law, applying to both the Discloser and the Recipient of the data. Provisions include implementing technical and organisational measures for data protection, purpose limitation, transparency, accuracy, data minimisation, storage limitation and sec...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 September 2024", "title": "DPO guide on contractual provisions for processing of personal data", "url": "https://dpo.gov.rw/assets/documents/Guide-On-Contractual-Provisions-For-Processing-Of-Personal-Data.pdf", "description": "On 9 April 2024, the Data Protection and Privacy Office (DPO) in Rwanda issued the \"Guide on Contractual Provisions for Processing of Personal Data,\" outlining mandatory requirements for data processing agreements under Law N. 058/2021 of 13 October 2021 on personal data protection. The law mandates that Data Controllers and Data Processors formalise their processing activities through legally binding agreements, and the guide outlines provisions such as the scope of processing, data subject ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 April 2023", "title": "DPO guidance on personal data inventory and readiness checklist tools", "url": "https://dpo.gov.rw/assets/documents/guidance-on-personal-data-inventory-and-readness-assessment-checklist.pdf", "description": "On 4 May 2023, the Data Protection and Privacy Office (DPO) issued guidance on personal data inventory and readiness checklist tools under Law N. 058/2021 of 13 October 2021. The guidance provides tools to support organisations in meeting legal requirements for personal data protection, including mapping personal data categories, establishing lawful processing bases, setting retention periods, and ensuring compliance with data protection standards. It outlines obligations related to data subj...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 February 2024", "title": "Data Protection and Privacy Office Guide on Designation of a Representative", "url": "https://dpo.gov.rw/assets/documents/Representative-Designation-Guide.pdf", "description": "On 2 July 2024, the Data Protection and Privacy Office (DPO) released the \"Guide on Designation of a Representative,\" which outlines the requirements for Data Controllers and Data Processors based outside Rwanda to appoint a representative in Rwanda if they process personal data of individuals within the country. The representative must be a registered corporate body or legal entity in Rwanda, capable of understanding the designating party's operations, and handling data protection and privac...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 October 2022", "title": "Law No. 027/2022 establishing taxes on income expanding applicability to digital services", "url": "https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/OG_n___Special_of_28.10.2022_Imisoro_ku_musaruro_Taxes_on_income_01.pdf", "description": "On 28 October 2022, Law No. 027/2022 establishing taxes on income, which includes provisions for the taxation of digital services, entered into force after being published in the official gazette. The law defines digital services to encompass online activities, including online advertising, the supply of user data, online search engines, social media platforms, digital content services, online gaming, cloud computing services, and standardised online teaching services. By incorporating these ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "8 July 2021", "title": "Revenue Authority inquiry into taxing digital economy", "url": "https://www.rra.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/13._taxing_rwandas_digital_economy_a_reflection_paper.pdf", "description": "On 7 August 2021, the Rwanda Revenue Authority concluded its inquiry into the challenges of implementing a digital service tax for companies operating in Rwanda. The inquiry focused on the potential financial strain this tax could impose on businesses that do not achieve profitability, within the context of Rwanda's ongoing efforts towards digitisation. The report also highlighted the need to balance revenue collection with fostering an environment conducive to innovation and investment, as d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "29 May 2020", "title": "Regulation Governing Cybersecurity (Regulation No. 010/R/CRCSI/RURA/020)", "url": "https://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/Documents/ICT/Laws/Regulation_Governing_Cybersecurity.pdf", "description": "On 29 May 2020, the Cybersecurity Regulation for Infrastructure Providers (Regulation No. 010/R/CRCSI/RURA/020) entered into force. The regulation stipulates that infrastructure providers must implement security measures. It mandates the establishment of security controls to protect networks and systems, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. In particular, licensees are obligated to implement an Information Security Management System (ISMS) and conduct regular securit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "17 March 2022", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guide clarifying distinctions between data controller and data processor", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/determining-your-role-are-you-a-data-controller-or-data-processor-3/", "description": "On 17 March 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published a guide clarifying distinctions between data controller and data processor under Rwanda's personal data protection law No. 058/2021. Data controllers decide how and why personal data is processed, while data processors handle data on behalf of controllers. Organisations can determine their role by assessing who makes decisions about data collection and processing. Entities can be both controllers and processors if they p...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 October 2022", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance on right to access, object and restrict processing of personal data", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/powers-of-the-data-subject-right-to-access-object-and-restrict-processing-of-personal-data-1/", "description": "On 10 January 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on the right to access, object and restrict processing of personal data. The guidance states that Protection of Personal Data and Privacy Law No. 058/2021 empowers data subjects with significant rights, including the right to access personal data, the right to object to its processing, and the right to restrict processing. Right to access allows data subjects to request information about purposes of data proce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Plans to develop cybersecurity regulations on Secure Financial APIs in Financial Sector Development Strategy (2025 - 2030)", "url": "https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=146942&token=28b98a658ea52f5a7ecce676c0f16ed8ec049d9a", "description": "On 16 October 2025, Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning published information on a strategic initiative concerning Cybersecurity Regulation on Secure Financial APIs in the Financial Sector Development Strategy (2025 - 2030). This regulation aims to enhance data security by implementing token-based authentication and enforce TLS/SSL encryption for data transfers within the Fintech industry. The initiative involves establishing a national API governance framework, which will include regul...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Kigali Global AI Summit Outcomes (Africa Declaration on Artificial Intelligence)", "url": "https://www.minict.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=67550&token=6195a53203e197efa47592f40ff4aaf24579640e", "description": "AI law in Rwanda: Adopted at the Kigali Global AI Summit, the Africa Declaration on AI establishes a unified continental vision for ethical, inclusive, and sustainable AI development, emphasizing growth, innovation, and robust governance....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Law No. 058/2021 Relating to the Protection of Personal Data and Privacy", "url": "https://www.ncsa.gov.rw", "description": "AI law in Rwanda: Rwanda's comprehensive data protection legislation enacted in October 2021, establishing legal safeguards for personal data and privacy. The law designates the National Cyber Security Authority as the supervisory authority and applies to all data processing activities including those involving AI systems....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Artificial Intelligence Policy", "url": "https://www.minict.gov.rw/policies", "description": "AI law in Rwanda: Rwanda's National AI Policy, approved by Cabinet in April 2023, establishes the country as the first in Africa to adopt a comprehensive national AI policy. The policy aims to position Rwanda as a global center for AI research and innovation while promoting responsible and inclusive AI development....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 20, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "646" }, { "id": "SK", "title": "Slovakia", "entries": [ { "date": "28 June 2025", "title": "Amendment to Act No. 264/2022 on Media Services and on Amendments to Certain Acts (Media Services Act) designating Slovak competent authorities and coordinator under the Digital Service Act (DSA)", "url": "https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=zakony/cpt&ZakZborID=13&CisObdobia=9&ID=324", "description": "On 28 June 2025, amendments to Act No. 264/2022 Coll. on Media Services and on Amendments to Certain Acts (Media Services Act) will enter into force, aligning Slovakia’s national legislation with the Digital Services Act (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065). The amendments designate the Council for Media Services (RpMS) as the Digital Services Coordinator (DSC) and expand its mandate beyond audiovisual media to cover intermediary services, online platforms, and internet search engines. As DSC, the Cou...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 July 2024", "title": "Local content requirement in Law No. 264/2022 on Media Services", "url": "https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/264/20240724.html#error=login_required&state=3bc7945c-4a8a-4a83-b8d6-8a2df05daebf", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Law on Media Services (Law No. 264/2022 Coll.), which requires audiovisual media service providers, including streaming platforms, to reserve part of their catalogue and broadcasting time for European and independently produced works, enters into force. The Law mandates that at least 30% of on-demand catalogues consist of European content and that broadcasters allocate a minimum share of their airtime or programming budget to independent European productions. The Law is e...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Action Plan for the Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2019–2022", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/dokumenty/strategicke-dokumenty-2/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The Action Plan for the Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2019–2022 is a government-approved operational plan (approved by Government Resolution No. 337/2019 on 3 July 2019) implementing the national Digital Transformation Strategy 2030. It sets short-term measures across education, economy, public administration and AI capacity to be delivered between Q3 2019 and Q4 2022, with responsibilities assigned to ministries and public bodies and monitoring tied to national and EU funding cycles....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Act on the Management of Selected Categories of Public Sector Data (data governance bill supporting AI/data reuse)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/868/oj/eng", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: A proposed Slovak national law to establish rules, institutional roles and technical requirements for the management, controlled re-use and secure provision of selected categories of public sector data (including data protected under sectoral rules). The draft aims to implement EU data-governance objectives at national level, enable safe data reuse for research and AI while preserving data protection and intellectual property rights....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Act on the Organization of Public Administration in the Field of Artificial Intelligence (government bill submitted to interdepartmental comment procedure)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/aktuality/ministerstvo/slovensko-spusta-pripomienkove-konanie-k-zakonu-o-umelej-inteligencii-a-posilnuje-medzinarodnu-spolupracu/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: A national draft law submitted by the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization (MIRRI) to organise state administration and market surveillance for AI, implement key governance provisions of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689), designate national and sectoral supervisory bodies, and set obligations, compliance mechanisms and sanctions for operators of high‑risk AI systems. The draft began interdepartmental comments in July–August 2025 and proposes national entry‑into‑force measures from 1 January 2026....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023–2026", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/digitalna-transformacia/akcny-plan-digitalnej-transformacie-slovenska-na-roky-2023-2026/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The Action Plan for Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2023–2026 (approved by Government Resolution no. 800/2022 on 14 December 2022) sets the operational measures to implement Slovakia's digital transformation priorities over 2023–2026. It focuses on digital infrastructure (connectivity, HPC, quantum), SME digitalisation, AI adoption, digital skills, and resilient public services, and aligns national initiatives with EU digital targets and recovery plan commitments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Draft Act on the Organization of State Administration in the Field of Artificial Intelligence (national bill to establish oversight, notifying authority and regulatory sandbox)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/aktuality/digitalna-agenda/zodpovedna-digitalizacia-mirri-predstavilo-navrhy-zakonov-o-umelej-inteligencii-a-sprave-udajov/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The draft Slovak Act establishes a national institutional framework to implement the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) at the member-state level. It designates the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization (MIRRI) as the central oversight and notifying authority, sets up a national regulatory sandbox, notification/registration duties, conformity and market-surveillance processes, and aligns enforcement and penalties with the AIA while safeguarding data protection and fundamental rights....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Government Plenipotentiary for Artificial Intelligence (appointment and statute establishing the office/splnomocnenec vlády SR pre umelú inteligenciu)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/ministerstvo/splnomocnenec-vlady-sr-pre-umelu-inteligenciu/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: In July 2025 the Government of the Slovak Republic established the office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Artificial Intelligence by government resolution and accompanying statute. The statute (Štatút) defines the Plenipotentiary's advisory status to the government, responsibilities for coordinating national AI policy, cooperation with EU and international AI bodies, and the establishment of a ministry-hosted secretariat to support the office....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Institutional and Coordination Framework for the Digital Transformation of Slovakia (government resolution UV-46042/2024)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/digitalna-transformacia/institucionalny-a-koordinacny-ramec/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: A government coordination framework establishing institutional roles, governance mechanisms and an implementation roadmap to accelerate Slovakia's digital transformation, align national policy with recent EU digital legislation, and strengthen cross-ministry coordination. The framework assigns the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization (MIRRI) a central coordinating role and creates working groups, monitoring and reporting obligations for public bodies....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Cybersecurity Strategy 2021–2025", "url": "https://www.nbu.gov.sk/narodna-strategia-kybernetickej-bezpecnosti/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The National Cybersecurity Strategy 2021–2025 (Slovakia) sets the strategic framework for strengthening national resilience, governance and cooperation in the cyber domain. Adopted by the Slovak Government on 7 January 2021, the Strategy defines strategic objectives, priority activities and the requirement for an action plan to operationalize measures across public administration, critical infrastructure and the private sector....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Concept of Informatization of Public Administration (NKIVS) 2021 – 2026", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/aktuality/informatizacia/vicepremierka-remisova-urady-musia-poskytovat-obcanom-moderne-digitalne-sluzby-ktore-su-dostupne-pre-vsetkych/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The NKIVS 2021–2026 is the Slovak national strategy defining strategic priorities, architecture and implementation guidance for digitising public administration through 2026. It sets priorities including user-centred electronic services, data and cloud strategies, shared services, public procurement reform for IT, and strengthened cybersecurity, and is binding for state and public administration entities....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Standing Commission for Ethics and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence (CERAI)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/investicie/digitalne-inovacie/stala-komisia-pre-etiku-a-regulaciu-umelej-inteligencie/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: CERAI (Stála komisia pre etiku a reguláciu umelej inteligencie) is an independent expert advisory commission established within the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization of the Slovak Republic to assess ethical, social and legal issues arising from the research, development and deployment of AI. Established in November 2020 and operational from January 2021, CERAI provides recommendations, expert mappings and guidance to national policy-makers and stakeholders on responsible AI....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National Strategy for Digital Skills of the Slovak Republic and Action Plan 2023–2026 (Národná stratégia digitálnych zručností SR a Akčný plán 2023–2026)", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/digitalna-transformacia/narodna-strategia-digitalnych-zrucnosti-slovenskej-republiky/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The National Strategy for Digital Skills of the Slovak Republic and its Action Plan 2023–2026 (NSDZaAP) is a government-adopted strategic framework to strengthen digital competences across society, increase the number of ICT specialists, promote inclusion (including women and disadvantaged groups), and align Slovakia with EU digital objectives. The strategy was approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic on 14 December 2022 and sets an implementation period through 31 December 2026 with annual reporting obligations. (hsr.rokovania.sk)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategy of Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2030", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/digitalna-transformacia/strategia-digitalnej-transformacie-slovenska-2030/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: The Strategy of Digital Transformation of Slovakia 2030 is a cross‑sector national framework approved by the Government of the Slovak Republic by Resolution No. 206/2019 on 7 May 2019 that sets vision, priorities and a long‑term roadmap to drive Slovakia’s digital economy, public administration modernization, digital skills and infrastructure through 2030. The Strategy is implemented through successive action plans (2019–2022, 2023–2026) and coordinated by the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization (MIRRI) and the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for Investments and Informatization. (mirri.gov.sk)...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Research and Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation of the Slovak Republic 2021–2027 (SK RIS3 2021+)", "url": "https://vaia.gov.sk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Research-and-Innovation-Strategy-for-Smart-Specialisation-of-the-Slovak-Republic-2021-2027.pdf", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: SK RIS3 2021+ is Slovakia's national Research and Innovation Smart Specialisation Strategy for 2021–2027. It sets strategic priorities (domains), management arrangements, implementation instruments and monitoring to focus public and EU cohesion funding on areas with the highest transformation potential....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Strategy and Action Plan to Improve Slovakia's Position in the DESI Index to 2025", "url": "https://mirri.gov.sk/sekcie/informatizacia/digitalna-transformacia/strategia-a-akcny-plan-na-zlepsenie-postavenia-slovenska-v-indexe-desi-do-roku-2025/", "description": "AI law in Slovakia: A national strategy and attached action plan prepared by the Ministry of Investments, Regional Development and Informatization (MIRRI) and approved by the government in May 2021 to raise Slovakia’s ranking in the European Commission’s DESI (Digital Economy and Society Index) by 2025. The document sets five priority areas (connectivity, human capital, use of internet services, integration of digital technologies, digital public services) with specific measures, monitoring arrangements and links to EU funding instruments....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 16, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "703" }, { "id": "IQ", "title": "Iraq", "entries": [ { "title": "Iraqi National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (INSAIN)", "url": "https://mohesr.gov.iq/", "description": "AI law in Iraq: Iraq's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (INSAIN) is an emerging framework being developed under the leadership of Prime Minister Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani. The strategy was reviewed at the first meeting of the Supreme Committee for AI in August 2024 and aims to diversify Iraq's economy beyond oil while integrating AI across education and government services....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Electronic Signature and Transactions Law No. 78 of 2012", "url": "https://www.moc.gov.iq/", "description": "AI law in Iraq: Iraq's foundational law establishing the legal framework for electronic signatures, digital contracts, and electronic transactions. The law provides legal validity to electronic documents and signatures, establishes certification authority requirements, and defines the rights and obligations of parties in electronic commerce....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "368" }, { "id": "LB", "title": "Lebanon", "entries": [ { "title": "Beirut Ministry of Industry and Technology AI Initiative", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.lb/", "description": "AI law in Lebanon: Lebanon's Beirut Ministry of Industry and Technology AI Initiative, launched in November 2025, aims to modernize public institutions and foster innovation, positioning the country as a regional AI hub....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "422" }, { "id": "MV", "title": "Maldives", "entries": [ { "title": "Communications Authority of Maldives Act (Law No. 42/2015) and related ICT/Telecommunications regulations", "url": "https://presidency.gov.mv/Press/Article/16182", "description": "AI law in Maldives: Creates CAM (Law No. 42/2015) to regulate telecoms/ICT; enacted 2015 and operational 2016; no dedicated AI or comprehensive data-protection rules.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "National AI Masterplan 2025-2035", "url": "https://ncit.gov.mv/", "description": "AI law in Maldives: The Maldives National AI Masterplan 2025-2035 is a comprehensive strategic framework being developed to harness artificial intelligence for economic growth while managing associated risks. Announced in October 2024, the masterplan is led by the National Centre for Information Technology (NCIT) under the Ministry of Homeland Security and Technology....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Privacy and Personal Data Protection Bill", "url": "https://www.environment.gov.mv/v2/en/download/20154", "description": "AI law in Maldives: The Privacy and Personal Data Protection Bill is draft legislation released by the Maldives government in May 2023 to establish a comprehensive framework for personal data protection. The bill aims to balance individual privacy rights with organizational needs for legitimate data processing, addressing the evolving digital landscape....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "462" }, { "id": "TN", "title": "Tunisia", "entries": [ { "title": "Organic Act No. 2004-63 on the Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.mtc.gov.tn/fileadmin//texte_juridiques/L2004-0063.pdf", "description": "AI law in Tunisia: Tunisia's foundational data protection legislation enacted in 2004, the first of its kind in the Maghreb region. The law regulates the collection, use, storage, and transfer of personal data and established the INPDP as the supervisory authority....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "788" }, { "id": "UZ", "title": "Uzbekistan", "entries": [ { "title": "Draft Law on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://parliament.gov.uz/en/", "description": "AI law in Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan's first comprehensive AI legislation, passed in first reading on April 15, 2025 with 150 votes in favor. The law introduces mandatory AI content labeling, establishes liability for unlawful AI-based personal data processing, and prohibits AI systems that violate fundamental human rights....", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "860" }, { "id": "DK", "title": "Denmark", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-07-15", "title": "Guidance on third country transfers of personal data", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2021/jul/opdateret-vejledning-om-overfoersel-til-tredjelande-", "description": "The Datatilsynet updates its guidance on the transfer of personal data to third countries. The guidance includes additional measures, which are aligned to those adopted by the European Data Protection Board following the delivery of the Schrems II decision, particularly as concerns the requirement of adopting standard contractual clauses.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-03-26", "title": "Danish implementation of EU DSM directive", "url": "https://www.ft.dk/ripdf/samling/20201/lovforslag/l205/20201_l205_som_fremsat.pdf", "description": "The draft law to implement the EU DSM directive is published by the Danish Ministry of Culture.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-12-15", "title": "Denmark's National Strategy for cyber and information security 2022-2024", "url": "https://www.regeringen.dk/nyheder/2021/ny-national-strategi-skal-styrke-danmarks-digitale-sikkerhed/", "description": "On 15 December 2021, Denmark’s government published the national strategy for cyber and information security for 2022-2024. The strategy outlines 34 main initiatives to improve the security and resilience of Denmark’s digital infrastructure and IT systems. Furthermore, the strategy includes specific actions that Denmark’s government will take to be more involved in the international fight against cyber threats. The government allocated a total of DKK 270 million for the implementations of the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-04-20", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Boligportal compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/jun/alvorlig-kritik-og-paabud-til-boligportal-for-brug-af-facebook-business-tools", "description": "On 20 April 2023, the Danish Data Protection Authority issued its ruling in the case against the house rental platform Boligportal. After having received complaints about Boligportal's data processing with the help of Facebook Business tools, which collect information about any person visiting the website, the Authority started an investigation. The Authority stated that it was unable to decide whether personal data was transferred to the US in the context of Boligportal's use of Facebook Bus...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-01", "title": "Agency for Digitalisation's Guide on Responsible Use of Generative AI", "url": "https://digst.dk/media/29727/guide-til-offentlige-myndigheder-om-ansvarlig-anvendelse-af-generativ-kunstig-intelligens.pdf", "description": "On 8 January 2024, the Danish Agency for Digitalisation adopted a guide on the responsible use of generative artificial intelligence (AI). The guide, which addresses the rapid development of generative AI tools since the launch of ChatGPT in October 2022, aims to assist public and private entities in making informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of generative AI. It outlines a three-step approach, including deciding on the approach, creating guidelines, and establishing ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-07", "title": "Danish Data Protection Agency's investigation into Google Workspace Usage in Schools", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/jul/chromebook-sagen-kommunerne-efterlever-datatilsynets-seneste-paabud-", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Danish Data Protection Agency issued an assessment to municipalities regarding the use of Google Workspace in primary and lower secondary schools, confirming that municipalities are compliant with the Agency's January 2024 order and have ceased the unauthorised passing of personal data. KL, representing 52 municipalities, stated that from 1 August 2024, personal data would no longer be shared for Google's purposes, addressing the Agency's concerns. The Agency noted that c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "Denmark Digital Development Strategy", "url": "https://digmin.dk/digitalisering/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/feb/politisk-aftale-paa-plads-om-danmarks-nye-digitaliseringsstrategi-", "description": "On 8 February 2024, the Danish Government announced that a political agreement was reached concerning the \"Digital Development Strategy\", which includes a program to increase minors' online safety. In particular, the plan outlines the goal of including age verification requirements for digital platforms which would be achieved through a technical solution for age verification that does not allow a child to be identifiable.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "Government expert group inquiry into large technological companies' use and development of artificial intelligence", "url": "https://em.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/2024/feb/kunstig-intelligens-har-store-potentialer-men-kraever-ansvarlighed", "description": "On 29 February 2024, the Danish government's expert group on large technology companies presented a series of recommendations for the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI). The recommendations aim to use the potential of AI for economic growth, welfare, public services, and societal challenges while also addressing the risks associated with its misuse. The proposed framework focuses on four themes, large technology companies' responsibility for information credibility on their ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-17", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Berlingske's use of cookie walls over alleged non-compliance with data protection regulations", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2025/jan/berlingske-efterlever-datatilsynets-paabud-i-sag-om-cookie-wall-paa-berlingskedk", "description": "On 17 January 2025, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) issued a ruling on Berlingske’s compliance with its order regarding the use of a cookie wall on berlingske.dk.\nIn February 2024, the Authority had found Berlingske’s method of obtaining consent for personal data processing through a cookie wall to be non-compliant with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) consent requirements. It was highlighted that users were not offered a genuine choice to access content without g...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-05", "title": "Investigation into Rejsekort App by Danish Data Protection Authority", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/maj/datatilsynet-stiller-spoergsmaal-til-rejsekort-appen", "description": "On 2 May 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority announced it is considering whether to initiate a detailed investigation into the Rejsekort app, which provides tickets to Denmark's public transport system, following preliminary inquiries. The authority has requested information from Rejsekort & Rejseplan about the app's functionality and the nature of personal data processed, including location data of users. This step comes before deciding whether to initiate a formal supervisory case.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-29", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Telmore A/S and Meta Ireland's Data Sharing Practices", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/maj/kritik-af-telmore-as%E2%80%99-behandling-af-personoplysninger", "description": "On 29 April 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority (DPA) concluded its investigation into Telmore A/S for disclosing a citizen's email address to Meta Ireland for the purpose of targeted marketing. The investigation found that Telmore A/S and Meta Ireland were joint data controllers in this context, contrary to Telmore's assertion that Meta Ireland acted merely as a data processor. The DPA ruled that the data-sharing practice could not be justified under the balancing of interests rule an...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-22", "title": "Data Protection Authority 's Generic Impact Assessment Template", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/maj/nye-skabeloner-til-gennemfoerelse-af-konsekvensanalyser", "description": "Official source record dated 2024-05-22 for Denmark concerning Data Protection Authority 's Generic Impact Assessment Template. See the linked datatilsynet.dk source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-31", "title": "Competition and Consumer Authority investigation into Meta regarding the use of TV hosts in fake ads", "url": "https://www.kfst.dk/pressemeddelelser/kfst/2024/20240531-sag-om-brug-af-tv-vaerter-i-falske-annoncer-paa-facebook-og-instagram-oversendes-til-europa-kommissionen/", "description": "On 31 May 2024, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (KFST) forwarded a case involving fake ads using TV hosts on Facebook and Instagram to the European Commission and Irish Digital Services Coordinator and lead competent authority for the Digital Services Act, the Media Commission. The ads, which falsely use TV hosts to promote investments, may violate the Digital Services Act DSA, according to KFST. Meta, the company behind these platforms, is required to limit illegal content. The...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-06", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on security testing of software", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/jun/bliv-klogere-paa-sikkerhedstest-af-software", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority (DPA) adopted guidelines on security testing of software to identify vulnerabilities in newly developed software. The guidelines aim to provide practical guidance in implementing the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)'s requirement for an appropriate level of security. The guidelines provide information related to testing, including vulnerability and penetration testing, to establish technical minimum requirements that are compliant ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-06", "title": "KFST investigation into Temu over alleged violations of the EU's DSA regulation", "url": "https://www.kfst.dk/pressemeddelelser/kfst/2024/20240607-sag-om-temu-oversendes-til-europa-kommissionen/", "description": "On 7 June 2024, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (KFST) announced an investigation into Temu over alleged violations of the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA). In particular, the KFST announced that it had forwarded a case concerning the online platform Temu to the European Commission and the Irish DSA supervisory authority after initial investigations suggested potential violations of the DSA obligations. The investigation was opened following complaints from the Danish Consumer Co...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-04-07", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on handling personal data security breaches", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/jul/opdateret-vejledning-om-haandtering-af-brud", "description": "On 4 July 2024, the Danish data protection authority (Datatilsynet) adopted its updated and expanded guidelines on handling personal data security breaches, incorporating several examples based on current practices and providing detailed instructions for organisations. The guidelines define breaches as incidents leading to accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure, or access to personal data. Examples include stolen media, hacker access, and ransomware atta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-28", "title": "Data Protection Agency investigation into Booligal ApS data processing practices", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/okt/boliglagdk-faar-kritik-for-ulovlig-behandling-af-oplysninger-om-boligejere", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the Danish Data Protection Agency (DPA) concluded its investigation into Boliglag ApS, determining that the company had engaged in the illicit processing of homeowner data on its website. The investigation, which commenced in March 2024, was initiated in response to complaints regarding the website's functionality that permitted users to search for property information using a homeowner's name or address. This resulted in the exposure of personal details, including names, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-11", "title": "Competition and Consumer Authority investigation into Polaris Private Equity proposed acquisition of 7N A/S", "url": "https://kfst.dk/nyheder/kfst/nyheder/offentliggoerelser/2024/20241030-forenklet-anmeldelse-af-polaris-private-equity-v-ks-erhvervelse-af-enekontrol-med-7n-as/", "description": "On 8 November 2024, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (KFST) closed the public consultation regarding the proposed acquisition of sole control over 7N A/S by Polaris Private Equity V K/S. 7N A/S operates as a broker of IT consultants and provider of IT services across various sectors. The merger, according to the parties involved, falls under the merger control provisions of the Competition Act, necessitating approval before proceeding. The Authority will decide if the merger qual...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-11-26", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidance on enhanced security breach response", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/nov/datatilsynet-styrker-vejledningsindsatsen-yderligere-ved-brud-paa-persondatasikkerheden", "description": "On 26 November 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority announced an update in its guidance efforts for organisations affected by breaches of personal data security. This initiative, building on a year of targeted guidance, aims to provide quicker and more relevant assistance to prevent repeat incidents. The authority has refined its approach based on the analysis of 54,681 reviews, ensuring that organizations reporting breaches through the Danish Business Authority's online form receive ef...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-17", "title": "Act No. 1765 implementing the Digital Service Act into Danish Law designating competent authorities and digital services coordinator", "url": "https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/1765", "description": "On 17 February 2024, Act No. 1765 on enforcement of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act) entered into force in Denmark. The Act enforces and supplements Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of 19 October 2022, which establishes an internal market for digital services and amends Directive 2000/31/EC. The Act applies where Denmark holds supervisory and enforcement competence under the Digital Services Act (DSA). The Act also applies to the natural and le...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "Bill amending Copyright Act prohibiting unauthorised sharing of digitally generated imitations of personal characteristics", "url": "https://kum.dk/aktuelt/nyheder/bred-aftale-om-deepfakes-giver-alle-ret-til-egen-krop-og-egen-stemme", "description": "On 26 June 2025, the Danish Ministry of Culture announced a proposal to amend the Copyright Act prohibiting unauthorised sharing of realistic, digitally generated imitations of personal characteristics. The proposal applies to creators, distributors, and hosting platforms involved in sharing manipulated content that falsely depicts individuals or artists. It introduces two key protections, a general ban on sharing digital imitations of personal traits, including appearance and voice, without ...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Bill amending the Copyright Act (Introduction of performance protection and protection against digitally generated imitations, etc.) (2025/0654/DK)", "url": "https://technical-regulation-information-system.ec.europa.eu/en/notification/27420", "description": "On 3 February 2026, the European Commission issued an opinion under Article 5(2) of Directive (EU) 2015/1535 regarding Denmark’s notified draft Act amending the Copyright Act (Introduction of performance protection and protection against digitally generated imitations, etc.) (Notification 2025/0654/DK). The draft Act introduces two new forms of copyright protection. The first is a general right under Section 73a against the making available to the public of realistic digitally generated imita...", "categories": [ "Intellectual Property" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2020-06-15", "title": "Denmark: an independent council and a labelling scheme to promote the ethical use of data", "url": "", "description": "The Danish government expects to launch a new set of initiatives in the fall of 2020.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true }, { "date": "30 June 2021", "title": "National evaluation report of data protection rules", "url": "https://www.ft.dk/samling/20201/almdel/EUU/bilag/685/2425672.pdf", "description": "The national evaluation report of data protection rules by the Danish data protection authority ('Datatilsynet') and the Ministry of Justice was issued on June 30, 2021. The evaluation includes an experience gathering, in which a consultation of relevant stakeholders and a public consultation have been conducted. Stakeholders had the opportunity to highlight concrete situations where there is a lack of clarity when data protection rules are applied in practice. The data protection authority a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 June 2021", "title": "Danish Business Authority guidelines on data protection in electronic communications", "url": "https://erhvervsstyrelsen.dk/ny-vejledning-om-persondatasikkerhed-i-den-elektroniske-kommunikationssektor", "description": "On 24 June 2021, the Danish Business Authority (DBA), a unit of the Ministry of Business, has issued guidelines for providers of electronic communications services, including internet service providers, and email and messaging service providers. The guidelines are divided thematically and include general guidance, as well as guidelines on data breaches, risk management, traffic and location data, communication secrecy and call anonymity.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 December 2021", "title": "Denmark National Strategy for cyber and information security includes funds for new database on breaches of personal data security", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2021/dec/midler-til-ny-database-over-brud-paa-persondatasikkerheden-paa-vej", "description": "On 15 December 2021, the Danish Government published the Danish National Strategy for cyber and information security for 2022-2024. It includes additional funding for the Data Protection Agency (DPA) to create a new public database encompassing information concerning personal data security breaches that the DPA had been notified about. The Danish DPA noted that in 2020 it has reviewed around 9’000 cases of personal data breaches which were reported by companies and organizations pursuant to t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 September 2022", "title": "Guidance and expert group on data protection regarding cloud services", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2022/mar/ny-vejledning-og-ekspertgruppe-om-brug-af-cloud", "description": "The Danish Data Protection Agency has published a guide on the use of cloud services and announced the establishment of a dedicated expert group. The guide aims to help data controllers in the use and management of cloud services. Specifically, it provides instructions to assess the choices of data processors and deal with data transfers to third countries. The expert group will be set up to investigate legislative measures that enforce the legal use of cloud services. The expert group is req...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 September 2022", "title": "Datatilsynet guidance on Google Analytics data transfer", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/english/google-analytics/use-of-google-analytics-for-web-analytics?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=565382f3d8-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2022_09_22_11_29&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-565382f3d8-191017709", "description": "On September 21 2022, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) published its guidance on the use of Google Analytics in relation to cross-border data transfers. Following the 2020 Schrems II ruling by the CJEU that data transfers to the United States under the EU-US Privacy Shield were not in compliance with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Datatilsynet concludes that the Google Analytics tool cannot be used lawfully without further measures. One technical soluti...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 October 2022", "title": "Danish Data Protection Authority investigation on online data processing practices by JP/Politikens Hus media group", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/afgoerelser/afgoerelser/2022/okt/alvorlig-kritik-af-jppolitikens-samtykkeloesning-paa-wwwebdk", "description": "On 27 October 2022, the Danish Protection Authority (DPA) issued a decision expressing serious criticisms on how the media group JP/Politikens Hus (JP) processed the personal data of visitors through their website “www.eb.dk”. The investigation was initiated in 2021 when the DPA carried out written inspections of several websites. The DPA found that the “www.eb.dk” website offered three different consent solutions “Accept All”, “Only Necessary”, and “Customize Settings” and was processing per...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 January 2023", "title": "Guidelines on consent in the storage of personal data", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/jan/opbevaring-af-personoplysninger-med-henblik-paa-dokumentation", "description": "On 20 January 2023, the Danish Data Protection Authority issued guidelines on the storage of personal data. The guidelines were aimed at clarifying regulations for documentation requirements for data collectors in seeking data subjects’ consent for the storage of personal data under Article 7 of the Danish Data Protection Regulation. The guidelines state that the condition for consent, according to Article 8, applies only as long as data processing is ongoing for the purpose that the data sub...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "1 January 2023", "title": "Amendment of Executive Order on Data Deletion Requirements in Research", "url": "https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2022/1572", "description": "On 1 January 2023, an Amendment of the Executive Order no. 1509 of 18 December 2019 on the disclosure of personal data based on the Data Protection Act was implemented. The amendment updates the rules governing the management of data used for scientific or statistical purposes after the expiry of such purposes, including possible methods for deidentification or archiving.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet investigation into GulogGratis' use of cookie walls", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/mar/cookie-walls-statistik-var-ikke-en-noedvendig-del-af-alternativet-til-adgang-mod-betaling", "description": "On 25 March 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) rejected GulogGratis' request to reopen its case on the use of cookie walls, which required users to either pay or consent to cookie tracking.The DPA had found the usage to be lawful but required GulogGratis to demonstrate that its personal data processing for statistical purposes was lawful and in line with GDPR requirements on voluntary consent. The DPA's ruling found that GulogGratis had not demonstrated that the process...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 December 2023", "title": "Limits on the collection and processing of children's data in Bill regulating large digital platforms", "url": "https://em.dk/nyhedsarkiv/2023/juni/tech-giganterne-skal-begraenses-regeringen-vil-beskytte-boern-bedre/", "description": "On 12 June, the Danish Ministry of Business announced that it will introduce a Bill regulating large digital platforms, including limits on collecting and processing children's data, following the recommendations from the government's tech expert group. The Bill would apply to all information society services to ensure child protection in the context of the General Data Protection Regulation by limiting the ability to collect personal data. The expert group recommends raising the age limit fr...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "6 December 2023", "title": "Age verification requirements in Bill regulating large digital platforms", "url": "https://em.dk/nyhedsarkiv/2023/juni/tech-giganterne-skal-begraenses-regeringen-vil-beskytte-boern-bedre/", "description": "On 12 June, the Danish Ministry of Business announced that it will introduce a Bill regulating large digital platforms including age verification requirements, following the recommendations from the government's tech expert group. The Bill aims to safeguard minors from exposure to inappropriate content, including materials related to warfare or pornography. Specifically, the Bill would require digitally confirming adulthood in order to access websites or download applications containing unsui...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "6 December 2023", "title": "Data protection regulation in Ministry of Business expert group report on democratic control of large technology companies' business models", "url": "https://em.dk/nyhedsarkiv/2023/juni/tech-giganterne-skal-begraenses-regeringen-vil-beskytte-boern-bedre/", "description": "On 12 June 2023, the Ministry of Business of Denmark expert group published the Report on democratic control of large technology companies' business models including recommendations for data protection regulations. First, the expert group recommends establishing requirements that enable users to access and use the platform's services without providing data for profiling and tracking purposes. The requirement should apply regardless of whether access is through an app, browser, or any other me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "13 July 2023", "title": "Danish Data Protection Authority Guidance for the removal of information from search engines", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/jul/hvad-gaelder-naar-du-vil-have-slettet-dine-oplysninger-fra-en-soegemaskine", "description": "On 13 July 2023, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) published guidance for data subjects to request search engines such as Google and Bing to remove search results associated with their name. The guidance explains the exercise of the right to have information deleted under the data protection framework and how to contact the search engine to submit a request to delete information. Further, the guidance specifies that data subjects have the right to submit a complaint to Datat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 June 2023", "title": "Danish Digital Agency investigation into Google on the use of cookies", "url": "https://digst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/november/digitaliseringsstyrelsen-giver-paabud-til-meta-og-google/", "description": "On 6 November 2023, the Danish Digital Agency issued a ruling against Google concerning their use of cookies and similar technologies on their websites. Google is mandated to modify the consent solution, allowing users to separate their consent based on overall purposes. Additionally, Google must provide users with immediate access to revoke their consent for cookies and similar technologies, ensuring clarity in conveying this accessibility. The user's ability to withdraw consent and correspo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "28 November 2023", "title": "Datatilsynet Guidelines on Security Measures", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/nov/nyt-katalog-over-sikkerhedsforanstaltninger", "description": "On 28 November 2023, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) adopted guidelines in the form of a Catalogue of Security Measures, introducing tools intended to support companies and authorities in implementing appropriate security measures in various contexts. The catalogue includes a range of technical and organisational measures, with a focus on future guidelines for rights management. Furthermore, the catalogue is intended to provide a specific and applicable tool for meeting th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "23 May 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet Investigation into Netcompany's Alleged Failure to Implement Security Measures", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/maj/datatilsynet-lukker-netcompany-undersoegelse", "description": "On 23 May 2024, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) concluded its investigation into Netcompany's alleged failure to implement security measures. Datatilsynet had posed several inquiries to Netcompany at the end of February to determine if the situation fell under the scope of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other pertinent data protection regulations. After reviewing Netcompany's responses, Datatilsynet determined that there is currently no grounds for furthe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 July 2024", "title": "Danish Data Protection Agency position on language technology development", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/feb/to-nye-udtalelser-om-datasaet-til-udvikling-af-sprogteknologi", "description": "On 7 February 2024, the Danish Data Protection Agency published two opinions about the lawful sharing and publication of datasets used for the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and language models. Regarding the publication of a dataset used for the development of an AI model, the Agency stated that the data must be lawfully collected and processed. In particular, the principles of minimisation, accuracy, and legality must be complied with. Further, in the case of the data being pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 May 2024", "title": "Regulatory Sandbox for AI by Danish Data Protection Authority", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/mar/ny-regulatorisk-sandkasse-for-ai", "description": "On 5 March 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority, in collaboration with the Danish Agency for Digitalisation, announced the establishment of a regulatory sandbox for Artificial Intelligence (AI). The sandbox aims to provide companies and authorities with free access to relevant expertise and guidance on the applicable legal framework, with an initial focus on the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The sandbox process is expected to support innovation and the use of responsible AI...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "3 April 2024", "title": "Amendment to the Danish Data Protection Authority's Standard Data Processing Agreement", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/mar/aendring-i-datatilsynets-standarddatabehandleraftale", "description": "On 4 March 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority made two changes to its standard data processing agreement. The amendments pertain to the provision that includes the data controller as a beneficiary third party in the event of the data processor's bankruptcy. The new amended version clarifies that this provision is optional for the data controller and data processor to include in the data processor agreement. Additionally, the wording of the provision has been aligned with the correspon...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 October 2024", "title": "Order designating Danish Agency for Digitisation as AI Supervisory Authority under EU AI Act", "url": "https://digmin.dk/digitalisering/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/apr/digitaliseringsstyrelsen-udpeges-som-tilsynsmyndighed-for-kunstig-intelligens", "description": "On 10 April 2024, the Danish Agency for Digitisation was designated as the national supervisory authority for artificial intelligence (AI) in accordance with the European Union's regulation on artificial intelligence. This designation positions the Agency to oversee the application of artificial intelligence within Denmark, ensuring that AI technologies are used in a manner that is both beneficial and secure for society and businesses. The Agency's responsibilities will include coordinating w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "5 January 2024", "title": "Japan-Denmark Memorandum of Cooperation on Safe AI", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000176.html", "description": "On 1 May 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan and the Ministry of Digital Government and Gender Equality of the Kingdom of Denmark signed a Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC). The agreement aims to increase cooperation in the digital field, particularly in the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), in accordance with the domestic laws and regulations of both countries. The MOC outlines areas of collaboration, including the promotion of saf...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "7 October 2024", "title": "Guide on confidentiality in relation to access to party files, case information and publication under the Competition Act", "url": "https://kfst.dk/nyheder/kfst/nyheder/offentliggoerelser/2024/20240709-ny-vejledning-om-fortrolighed-ifm-partsaktindsigt-sagsoplysning-og-offentliggoerelse/", "description": "On 10 July 2024, the Danish Competition and Consumer Authority (KFST) published a guide on confidentiality in relation to access to party files, case information, and publication. This guide is aimed at companies involved in cases under the Competition Act and addresses typical confidentiality issues that arise in such contexts. KFST guide was issued to address concerns about data protection due to the presence of confidential information typically found in these cases concerning both the i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 June 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet Investigation into IDA Forsikring regarding use of AI to analyse recorded conversations", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/afgoerelser/afgoerelser/2024/jun/ida-forsikrings-brug-af-kunstig-intelligens-til-analyse-af-optagne-telefonsamtaler", "description": "On 27 June 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) issued a ruling in its investigation into insurance company IDA Forsikring regarding their use of artificial intelligence to analyse recordings of customer service telephone conversations. Datatilsynet found that the recording an analysis of such phone calls was permissible in principle, but that the current process for obtaining consent did not meet prerequisites set by data protection rules.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 October 2024", "title": "Guide on Controlled and Monitored Disclosure of Data", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/sep/ny-foranstaltning-om-styret-og-overvaaget-offentliggoerelse-af-data", "description": "On 10 September 2024, the Danish Data Protection Agency (Datatilsynet) adopted a new Guide aimed at preventing unintended disclosure of personal data during the public release of materials. In particular, the Guide provides preventive actions to help organisations avoid mistakenly sharing personal data, as well as corrective steps to identify already disclosed personal data and take corrective measures. Specifically, it emphasises the importance of removing unnecessary personal data before pu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet investigation into Dansk Retursystem's app \"Pant\" for alleged unauthorised processing of sensitive user financial information", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/afgoerelser/afgoerelser/2024/sep/alvorlig-kritik-paabud-og-advarsel-i-sag-om-pant-app", "description": "On 26 September 2024, the Danish Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) issued a decision in an investigation into Dansk Retursystem's mortgage app, 'Pant' for unauthorised processing of sensitive user financial information. The investigation focused on the concerns raised regarding the app's features, such as its ability to track user's locations, access extensive information on devices, and interact with user's banks. The decision mandates that Dansk Retursystem review its data processin...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 November 2024", "title": "Citizens' proposal to ban TikTok, Snapchat, and Instagram for minors", "url": "https://www.ft.dk/da/aktuelt/nyheder/2024/11/borgerforslag-om-forbud-mod-tiktok-snapchat-og-instagram-for-mindreaarige", "description": "On 26 November 2024, a citizens' proposal called “Ban TikTok, Snapchat, and Instagram for minors: Protect Danish children and youth from harmful, addictive digital stimuli” reached the required support of 50’000 citizens and was introduced to the Danish Parliament. The proposal would restrict access to certain social media platforms for minors. The resolution will undergo the standard parliamentary process, including initial and final debates, committee review, and potentially a vote.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 January 2025", "title": "Danish Data Protection Agency's guidelines on secure transmissions", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/regler-og-vejledning/behandlingssikkerhed/katalog-over-foranstaltninger/sikker-transmission-med-valideret-afsender-modtager-indhold", "description": "On 23 January 2025, the Danish Data Protection Authority (DPA) published guidance on secure transmission with validated sender, receiver, and content in line with Article 32 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The guidance outlines how this approach ensures both the protection and verification of data during transmission. Alongside encryption, the measures aim to prevent data from being sent to unintended recipients and to maintain the integrity of messages during transfer. The ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 50, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "208" }, { "id": "PA", "title": "Panama", "entries": [ { "date": "29 March 2021", "title": "Data protection law (n. 81) introducing data protection measures", "url": "https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/28743_A/GacetaNo_28743a_20190329.pdf", "description": "Law 81 concerning the protection of personal data enters into force, restricting data transfers out of Panama unless the recipient country or company has an adequated data protection level, that complies with the standards defined in the new bill. Moreover, the Law introduces the rights to delete, rectify and access personal data and the right to data portability. Finally, the law establishes the Council of Personal Data Protection as a consultation body.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "591" }, { "id": "EC", "title": "Ecuador", "entries": [ { "date": "26 May 2021", "title": "Additional rights for personal data including their extraterritorial application", "url": "https://www.asambleanacional.gob.ec/es/noticia/71805-pleno-aprueba-proyecto-de-ley-de-proteccion-de-datos", "description": "On 26 May 2021, the “Law on the Protection of Personal Data” of Ecuador entered into force. The law gives Ecuadorian residents the right to access, rectify, oppose and eliminate records of personal data, in addition to the right to data portability. Moreover, the law requires adequacy decisions to pursue cross-border personal data transfers and applies to extraterritorial applications to data handlers who supply services to Ecuadorian residents from abroad. In case of violation, the Data Prot...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "16 October 2025", "title": "Superintendency for the Protection of Personal Data's Regulation for the Application of Fine Calculation Methodology (Resolution No. SPDP-SPD-2025-0022-R)", "url": "https://spdp.gob.ec/resolucion22-2/", "description": "On 16 October 2025, the Regulation for the application of the methodology for calculating fines in the administrative sanctions regime enters into force. The Regulation applies to public officials and private entities, including public companies acting as controllers, processors, or third parties under the Organic Law on Personal Data Protection (LOPDP). The Regulation mandates a standard methodology to calculate fines for minor and serious offences, using proportionality criteria such as int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "218" }, { "id": "AL", "title": "Albania", "entries": [ { "date": "10 November 2023", "title": "OECD/G20 Two-Pillar-Approach regarding the Taxation of the Digital Economy", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/inclusive-framework-releases-new-multilateral-convention-to-address-tax-challenges-of-globalisation-and-digitalisation.htm", "description": "On 11 October 2023, the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework adopted the Multilateral Convention to Implement Amount A of Pillar One (MLC). The MLC reflects the existing consensus of the members of the Inclusive Framework, which is aimed at addressing tax challenges resulting from globalisation and digitalisation. Amount A provides a taxing right to market jurisdictions on the basis of profitability rather than physical location of the largest multinationals. The MLC contains key definitions and rule...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "16 February 2023", "title": "Second Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention)", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/-/argentina-becomes-35th-state-to-sign-the-second-additional-protocol-to-convention-on-cybercrime", "description": "On 17 February 2023, the Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime was signed by Argentina. The Protocol foresees enhanced cooperation between parties on cybercrime and electronic evidence. Following the implementation of the Treaty, competent authorities in a ratifying state will be able to request the information needed to identify the owner of domain names registered in the territory of another party state for a criminal investigation. Further, the competent authorities of a rati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 May 2022", "title": "Council of Europe Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 on combating hate speech", "url": "https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=0900001680a67955", "description": "On 20 May 2022, the Council of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted Recommendation CM/Rec(2022)16 on combating hate speech. The Committee of Ministers has urged member countries to establish comprehensive policies for preventing and combating hate speech, including the development of an effective legislative framework and the implementation of appropriately calibrated and proportional actions. National authorities are recommended to find a balance between the right to privacy, the right...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2023", "title": "International Counter Ransomware Initiative (CRI) 2023 Declaration", "url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/11/01/international-counter-ransomware-initiative-2023-joint-statement/", "description": "On 1 November 2023, the International Counter Ransomware Initiative (CRI) issued a joint statement following its third convening in 2023. The CRI consists of 50 members, including countries as well as international organisations such as INTERPOL. During the meeting, the CRI members reaffirmed their commitment to collectively combat ransomware by enhancing resilience, disrupting ransomware operations, countering the financial aspects of ransomware, collaborating with the private sector, and co...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "13 February 2024", "title": "Lawsuit on law requiring access to encrypted messages by authorities (Podchasov v Russia)", "url": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng/#{%22languageisocode%22:[%22ENG%22],%22appno%22:[%2233696/19%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-230854%22]}", "description": "On 13 February 2024, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) issued a ruling in the case of Podchasov v Russia (33696/19), which concerned a statutory requirement in Russia for internet communication organisers to store communication data for a limited amount of time, as well as making it available to law enforcement alongside the means to decrypt the data. The applicant was a user of the messaging app Telegram, which, in 2018, had been blocked for refusing to comply with a disclosure orde...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "11 January 2024", "title": "Global Privacy Assembly resolution on data free flow with trust and effective regulation of global data flows", "url": "https://globalprivacyassembly.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Resolution-Data-Free-Flow-with-Trust-and-an-effective-regulation-of-global-data-flows.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) announced that it passed a resolution in support of the concept of Data Free Flow with Trust (DFFT) to facilitate cross-border data flows while ensuring high standards of privacy and data protection. The resolution outlines principles to address challenges in regulating global transfers and calls for international collaboration to establish interoperable, robust frameworks for secure data flows. In providing support for DFFT, the resolutio...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 February 2024", "title": "Protocol to Agreement Establishing African Continental Free Trade Area on Digital Trade", "url": "https://au-afcfta.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/EN_-PROTOCOL-ON-DIGITAL-TRADE-clean.pdf", "description": "On 18 February 2024, the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union adopted the Protocol to the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area on Digital Trade. It aims to establish harmonised rules and common principles to facilitate digital trade among member states. It seeks to eliminate barriers, foster cooperation, and create a secure, predictable, and transparent environment for digital trade. The Protocol addresses areas such as cross-border data tra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 February 2026", "title": "HUDERIA Methodology and Model", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/huderia-methodology-and-model-adopted-provisional-version-2026/48802ac001", "description": "On 25 February 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe approved the HUDERIA Model. The HUDERIA Model complements the HUDERIA Methodology adopted in 2024 by providing supporting materials and resources for its implementation. These include flexible tools, illustrative resources and scalable recommendations linked to the Methodology’s elements, including the Context-Based Risk Analysis (COBRA), the Stakeholder Engagement Process, the Risk and Impact Assessment and the Mitigati...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Recommendation on online safety and empowerment of users and content creators", "url": "https://search.coe.int/cm?i=09125948802b41e8", "description": "On 8 April 2026, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a recommendation on online safety and the empowerment of users and content creators. The recommendation calls on Member States to adopt legal frameworks, based on available evidence, addressing content rules, intermediary liability, platform accountability, and user empowerment. It states that content restrictions should be prescribed by law and meet the requirements of necessity, proportionality, and foreseeability....", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "008" }, { "id": "NO", "title": "Norway", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-11-14", "title": "Norwegian Data Protection Authority advice on apps for 2022 World Cup", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2022/rad-til-deg-som-reiser-til-qatar-vm/", "description": "On 14 November 2022, Norwegian Data Protection Authority Datasilsnyet issued a warning that two compulsory apps that visitors to the 2022 Qatar World Cup must download can potentially be used to monitor visitors' digital activities. Datasilsnyet stated that it did not know what these apps did or what users' data would possibly be used for. Some advice issued included asking visitors to back-up their devices beforehand, avoiding connections to open or unsecure networks, or bringing a phone tha...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidance on rights management", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2023/dec/ny-vejledning-om-rettighedsstyring", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority adopted a guidance on access rights, emphasising the importance of effective rights management for ensuring information security within organisations. The guidance outlines measures to be followed to safeguard the personal data of employees, customers, and citizens. The concept of rights management encompasses not only controlling access to IT systems and premises but also specifying the actions individual users can perform with thei...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "Data Protection Authority strategy on the use of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/ccfdac22187b46af95873287bd3c8df6/datatilsynets-strategi-for-kunstig-intelligens.pdf", "description": "On 22 March 2024, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority published its Strategy for the Work with Artificial Intelligence (AI). The strategy aims to ensure responsible development and use of AI, taking into account individual rights and societal values. It focuses on coordinating AI-related activities, providing guidance, and building expertise within the organisation. The Strategy is built on two pillars, external and internal. Externally, the strategy aims to actively contribute to respons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Electronic Communications Act (Prop. 93 LS)", "url": "https://www.stortinget.no/no/Saker-og-publikasjoner/Saker/Sak/?p=98490#step-link-5", "description": "On 1 January 2025, the Electronic Communications Act, including cybersecurity regulations enters into force. The Act includes security measures for electronic communication networks and services, including the obligation for operators to conduct continuous risk assessments and update their security protocols accordingly. Additionally, the Act requires service providers to notify the Norwegian Data Protection Authority within 72 hours about significant security breaches and users within 24 hou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-07", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into the Rejsekort app regarding personal data collection", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.dk/presse-og-nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2024/jul/datatilsynet-indleder-undersoegelse-af-rejsekort-appen", "description": "On 2 July 2024, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) announced an investigation into the Rejsekort app's data collection practices. Previously, the DPA had asked Rejsekort general questions about their new app and its data collection. After reviewing the responses and considering the case, the DPA decided to proceed with a formal investigation and has requested further explanations from Rejsekort.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-28", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Disqus for alleged illegal processing of personal information", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/0ee209384bb14f1e8717feaf91bc75de/vedtak-om-irettesettelse---behandling-av-personopplysninger-uten-rettslig-grunnlag.pdf", "description": "On 28 October 2024, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued a reprimand to Disqus for processing personal data without legal grounds under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The reprimand addresses the company’s collection and sharing of personal data. It was highlighted that the browsing activity of Norwegian users was collected through the comment widget on websites between July 2018 and December 2019, without proper consent or legal justification. Despite Disqus’s ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-10-06", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into six websites over alleged illegal sharing of personal data", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2025/ulovlig-deling-av-personopplysninger-gjennom-sporingspiksler-hos-seks-nettsteder/", "description": "On 10 June 2025, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority concluded its investigations into six websites' use of tracking pixels. The investigation found that all six of the websites, offering various services, illegally shared personal data with third parties using tracking pixels. A violation fee of NOK 250'000 was imposed on 116111.no, a public service for vulnerable children, due to the illegal processing of children's data. Reprimands were issued to the other five websites, which included...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-12-06", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidelines on tracking tools on websites and in apps", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/personvern-pa-ulike-omrader/internett-og-apper/bruk-av-sporingsverktoy-pa-nettsteder-og-i-apper/", "description": "On 12 June 2025, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority published guidance on the use of tracking tools such as pixels and cookies on websites and in apps. The guidance advises organisations on complying with data protection regulations when employing these tools, particularly concerning the processing of personal data, including special categories. Organisations should identify the tracking tools used and consider inferences drawn about users, especially regarding sensitive information. For...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "title": "Act on Digital Services implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a single market for digital services in Norway", "url": "https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/3112328/id3112328/?expand=horingsnotater", "description": "On 1 October 2025, the Norwegian Ministry of Digitalisation and Public Administration closes the consultation on a proposed Digital Services Act (DSA) to implement EU Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 into Norwegian law. The Act applies to large digital platforms, including Google, Meta, TikTok, and Amazon, to enhance online safety and consumer protection, especially for children. The Act proposes bans on targeted advertising to minors and the use of sensitive personal data for ads, requires transpar...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-09-29", "title": "Act on Artificial Intelligence implementing EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU Regulation 2024/1684)", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/644cf4f37a4d43ceab090ee4fb421ba9/25_03064-horingsuttalelse--forslag-til-ny-lov-om-kunstig-intelligens-ki-loven.pdf", "description": "On 29 September 2025, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) submitted a consultation statement to the Ministry of Digitalisation and Public Governance on the draft Act on Artificial Intelligence, which implements the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2024/1684) into Norwegian law. The Authority urged full incorporation of the Regulation to ensure legal certainty and equal protection for individuals. It requested clarification of jurisdiction...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 June 2021", "title": "Inquiry into surveillance-based advertising", "url": "https://www.forbrukerradet.no/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/20210622-final-report-time-to-ban-surveillance-based-advertising.pdf", "description": "The Norwegian Consumer Council (NCC) released a report on surveillance-based advertisement, advocating for the ban of such advertising. According to the report, surveillance-based advertising includes behavioural, personalized, and tailored online marketing, whereby advertisemests are targeted to an individual or group based on certain characteristics. The NCC concludes that a ban of surveillance-based advertisement to reduce potential harmful effects on individuals and urges policymakers in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "9 March 2021", "title": "Guidance on Data Transfers under the GDPR", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/rettigheter-og-plikter/virksomhetenes-plikter/overforing-av-personopplysninger-ut-av-eos/tilleggskrav-til-overforingsgrunnlag-schrems-ii/", "description": "Datatilsynet, the Norwegian data protection authority, has updated its guidance on transfer of personal data outside the EEA in relation to the GDPR following the CJEU's 'Schrems II' decision, which, while not binding on Norway, still has important implications for the interpretation of the GDPR. According to the updated guidance, companies transfering personal data outside the EEA can be subject to additional requirements of due diligence to ensure that data protection in the third country i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "21 October 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Grindr for disclosure of sensitive user information to third parties", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/b0ac6d1efc194aa98a5c57b2f12ca21d/104-01-dom-av-21.-oktober-2025.pdf", "description": "On 21 October 2025, Norway's Borgarting Court of Appeal upheld a NOK 65 million fine against Grindr LLC for breaching Article 9 of the General Data Protection Regulation, which prohibits the processing of special categories of personal data. The court ruled that sharing an application identity (App ID) with advertisers, which identified users as Grindr dating app users, disclosed special category personal data about sexual orientation. It also stated that consent was invalid because it was bu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 April 2022", "title": "Datatilsynet alert on data transfer risks due to Ukraine conflict", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2022/overforing-av-data-til-russland-og-ukraina/", "description": "On 4 March 2022, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority Datatilsynet published an alert on data transfer risks due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In particular, the export of data to Russia or Ukraine may bring security risks, especially when it occurs in cooperation with data processors operating in Russia and Ukraine. Therefore, Datatilsynet urges all companies transfering personal data from Norway to recipients in Ukraine and Russia to reconsider the legal basis for the data transfer...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 September 2022", "title": "Datatilsyet report on the status of privacy in Norway", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2022/rapporten-fra-personvernkommisjonen-er-klar/", "description": "On 26 September 2022, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) published a report on the status of privacy in Norway, which was subsequently submitted to the Government. Investigating the state of privacy protection in the country, the report highlights the general tendency for digitalisation to come at the expense of privacy and the need for a holistic approach to data protection. Datatilsynet made a number of recommendations to this effect, including the establishment of a nat...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 August 2023", "title": "Investigation into Argon Medical Devices regarding Cybersecurity Incident and late Reporting", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/contentassets/c4d1b273cca24eaea43316c2043d9c92/vedtak-om-overtredelsesgebyr---argon-medical-devices-inc..pdf", "description": "On 8 March 2023, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) concluded its inquiry into Argon Medical Devices, Inc. (Argon) over a cybersecurity incident. On 24 September 2021, Argon notified Datatilsynet of a cybersecurity breach that occurred between 21 May 2021 and 14 June 2021. Datatilsynet found that Argon notified of the incident 62 calendar days after it occured, causing Argon to violate Article 33(1) of the GDPR, which requires incident reporting without undue delay. Theref...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "20 June 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet investigation into Meta platforms Instagram and Facebook behavioural advertising practices compliance with GDPR", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2024/personvernnemda-datatilsynet-kan-ikke-ilegge-tvangsmulkt-i-grenseoverskridende-saker/", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Privacy Board concluded that the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (DPA) lacks the authority to impose daily fines on Meta and other international companies for non-compliance with data protection regulations. The daily fines, amounting to NOK 1 million, were issued after Meta failed to adhere to the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (DPA)'s ban on behaviour-based marketing on Facebook and Instagram. Despite the ruling, the ban on behaviour-based advertising remains e...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "18 April 2024", "title": "Data Protection Authority Accreditation requirements for a GDPR code of conduct monitoring body", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2024/krav-til-akkreditering-av-kontrollorganer-er-klare/", "description": "On 18 April 2024, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority adopted accreditation requirements for control bodies responsible for monitoring compliance with codes of conduct under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). These requirements, designed to ensure that control bodies operate independently and possess in-depth knowledge of the relevant standards, are based on Article 41(2) GDPR and the European Data Protection Board's guidelines. The criteria cover independence, conflict of int...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "6 April 2024", "title": "Datatilsynet assessment of Meta's use of users' photos and posts for AI services training and development", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2024/meta-vil-bruke-brukernes-bilder-og-innlegg-til-a-utvikle-ki/", "description": "On 4 June 2024, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority (Datatilsynet) issued a note following Meta’s announcement that it will use users' photos and posts to train its artificial intelligence (AI) services. Meta, formerly Facebook, plans to use users' photos and posts from Facebook and Instagram to develop and improve its AI services starting 26 June 2024, excluding private messages. Asserting that its interests outweigh users' rights, Meta does not request users' consent for this usage. Wh...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "10 January 2024", "title": "Government review of Personal Data Act considering legal changes following the Meta case", "url": "https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/regjeringen-vil-vurdere-lovendring-etter-meta-saken/id3047724/", "description": "On 1 October 2024, the Norwegian Government closes its public consultation on the review of the Personal Data Act, considering legal changes following the Meta case. The objective is to ensure that the Data Protection Authority has the necessary tools and that the law is up-to-date. Justice and Public Security Minister emphasised the importance of updating the law to protect individual privacy rights. The Personal Data Act, which has been in effect since 20 July 2018, implements the EU's GDPR...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "23 October 2024", "title": "Bill amending Personal Data Act to raise age limit for data processing consent", "url": "https://www.regjeringen.no/no/aktuelt/regjeringa-vil-ha-aldersgrense-pa-15-ar-for-a-dele-personopplysningar/id3064231/", "description": "On 23 October 2024, the Norwegian government announced plans to raise the age limit for children’s consent to social media processing of their personal data from 13 to 15 years under the Personal Data Act. The proposal aims to protect children from harmful content, commercial exploitation, and the misuse of personal data. The government will present a consultation paper outlining amendments to the Personal Data Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "1 October 2025", "title": "DPA and FSA sandbox project on data sharing to combat financial crime", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2024/sandkasse-mot-okonomisk-kriminalitet/", "description": "On 10 January 2025, the Danish Data Protection Authority (DPA) and Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) closes consultation into the regulatory sandbox to explore the use of data sharing in combating financial crime. The consultation applies to banks and financial institutions engaged in data-sharing solutions to participate in a regulatory sandbox. The institutions will receive guidance on navigating regulations and exploring technical solutions for secure data sharing between private compa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority guidance on cross-border data transfer to United States of America clarifying the adequacy decision with European Union", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/aktuelt/aktuelle-nyheter-2025/informasjon-om-overforinger-til-usa/", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority published a guidance on cross-border data transfers to the United States of America (US). The guidance addresses the implementation of existing regulations under the cross-border data transfer framework, highlighting the implications of sending personal data to the US, in light of recent updates concerning the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board (PCLOB). The guidance highlighted that the framework remains in place, allowing ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 October 2025", "title": "Data Protection Authority investigation into Telenor over violations of General Data Protection Regulation on data protection officer appointment", "url": "https://www.datatilsynet.no/en/news/aktuelle-nyheter-2025/sanctions-imposed-on-telenor-asa-for-lack-in-the-organisation-of-the-data-protection-officer-and-lack-of-internal-control/", "description": "On 10 March 2025, the Norwegian Data Protection Authority issued a ruling against Telenor ASA, with an administrative fine of NOK 4,000,000 for violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The ruling highlighted that Telenor ASA failed to comply with Data Protection Officer (DPO) requirements under Articles 37–39 GDPR and organisational obligations under Article 24 GDPR. The ruling requires Telenor ASA to assess whether it is required to appoint a DPO, revise its record of pro...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 24, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "578" }, { "id": "EE", "title": "Estonia", "entries": [ { "date": "20 December 2021", "title": "Estonian implementation of EU DSM Copyright directive, including copyright exceptions", "url": "https://m.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/eelnou/d3d07943-9d1c-4ebe-94a4-8ae1ebdf7a68/Autori%C3%B5iguse%20seaduse%20muutmise%20seadus%20(autori%C3%B5iguse%20direktiivide%20%C3%BClev%C3%B5tmine)", "description": "The Copyright Act amending the law for the implementation of the EU DSM Directive was signed by the Estonian president on 20 december 2021. The reformed Directive includes several exceptions from copyright protection. Firstly, it provides for an exception to the requirement for rightholders' prior authorisation for content used for text and data mining (i.e. data analytics and artificial intelligence development), unless stated otherwise in an appropriate manner by the author. Furthermore, it...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "27 February 2022", "title": "Letter to tech companies by prime ministers of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/primeminister/letter-to-big-tech-by-prime-ministers-of-estonia-latvia-lithuania-and-poland", "description": "On 27 February 2022, the Prime Ministers of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland sent a letter to Twitter, Google, YouTube, and Meta, demanding the companies to implement new measures to address misinformation regarding Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The Prime Ministers asked the companies to suspend and demonetize the accounts of the Russian and Belarusian governments and to change their algorithm to provide users with “reliable information” regarding the war in Ukraine.", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "3 November 2022", "title": "Cyber risk assessment for Estonia in light of the conflict in Ukraine", "url": "https://www.ria.ee/sites/default/files/content-editors/kuberturve/2022_11_03_threat_assessment_ukraine_cyber_attacks1.pdf", "description": "On 11 March 2022, the Information System Authority of Estonia published a second risk assessment and recommendations on cybersecurity following Ukraine's military invasion by Russia. The assessment concludes that the threat for Estonia is limited but recommends to implement vigilant cyber security practices in view of geopolitical tensions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "4 November 2022", "title": "Ban of Yandex in Estonia", "url": "https://valitsus.ee/en/news/government-prohibits-yandex-offering-taxi-services-estonia", "description": "On 11 April 2022, the sanctions on Yandex issued by the Estonian Government on 31 March 2022 come into effect. The government issued the sanction in response to the Russian Government's order to companies to share personal data collected with the authorities. Prime Minister Kaja Kallas noted that individuals using the application Yandex must provide access to a considerable amount of personal data, which is processed by the company on the servers located in Russia. To prevent the collection a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 March 2022", "title": "Data protection regulation in Law amending the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Prevention Act and other laws", "url": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/112032022002", "description": "On 15 March 2022, the Law amending the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Prevention Act and other laws entered into force. The Law affects inter alia crypto transfer providers, crypto exchanges, and crypto wallets. The affected businesses are now subject to the Travel Rule, which requires that identifying data on the transaction needs to be collected and shared with the service provider of the individual or entity receiving the transaction. The data to be collected includes full name, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2023", "title": "Monitoring of Short-Term Rental Service Providers of Motor Vehicles", "url": "https://www.aki.ee/et/uudised/liiklusvahendite-luhiajalise-renditeenuse-osutajate-seire", "description": "On 22 September 2023, the Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate published the results of the Monitoring of Short-Term Rental Service Providers of Motor Vehicles. The inquiry aimed to evaluate how these providers handled personal data and identified several issues. Firstly, these providers often incorrectly cited reasons for processing personal data, such as contract performance or pre-contract measures, even when such justifications were unnecessary. This led to a lack of clarity regarding th...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 6, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "233" }, { "id": "MD", "title": "Moldova", "entries": [ { "date": "22 April 2022", "title": "Framework for Cross-Border Data Transfers", "url": "https://datepersonale.md/contractul-standard-pentru-transmiterea-transfrontaliera-a-datelor-cu-caracter-personal-catre-statele-care-nu-asigura-un-nivel-adecvat-de-protectie-a-datelor-cu-caracter-personal-a-fost-aprobat/", "description": "On 20 May 2022, the National Centre for Personal Data Protection (NCPDP) published order No. 33 on cross-border data transfers. The order is based on Article 32(5)(i) of Law No. 133 and introduces the Standard Contract setting the security standards around data transfers with countries that do not provide an adequate level of protection of personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "498" }, { "id": "BO", "title": "Bolivia", "entries": [ { "date": "14 July 2022", "title": "Andean Community Guidelines on the Protection of User Rights in Telecommunications", "url": "https://www.comunidadandina.org/notas-de-prensa/paises-de-la-comunidad-andina-aprueban-norma-para-la-proteccion-de-usuarios-en-materia-de-telecomunicaciones/", "description": "On 14 July 2022, the member states of the Andean Community (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru) adopted Decision 897 which establishes the guidelines on the protection of user rights in telecommunications. The Decision establishes a number of user rights regarding personal data, such as rights to access, use, alteration, deletion and limitation on circulation of personal data. Furthermore, the Decision contains provisions aimed at establishing net neutrality and protecting user choice of op...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "068" }, { "id": "AD", "title": "Andorra", "entries": [ { "date": "27 September 2022", "title": "Ibero-American Data Protection Network guidance on standard contractual clauses for cross-border data transfer", "url": "https://www.redipd.org/es/noticias/publicacion-guia-implementacion-clausulas-contractuales-modelo-para-tidp", "description": "On 27 September 2022, the Ibero-American Data Protection Network, including the Data Protection Authorities from Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, issued guidance on implementing standard contractual clauses for cross-border data transfers. The guide outlines the technical aspects that have to be met by entities transferring personal data to jurisdictions within the Ibero-American Data Protection Network. Furthermore, the guide lists the requirements that entities have to comply...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "25 March 2023", "title": "Data protection regulations in Ibero-American Charter of Principles and Rights in Digital Environments", "url": "https://www.segib.org/?document=carta-iberoamericana-de-principios-y-derechos-en-entornos-digitales", "description": "On 25 March 2023, the Ibero-American Charter of Principles and Rights in Digital Environments was adopted. The charter aims to promote common principles that states should consider when adopting or adjusting national laws and implementing public policies regarding protecting rights and fulfilling responsibilities in digital environments. It applies to businesses, civil society, and state bodies. The charter emphasises the importance of making significant efforts to safeguard people's privacy ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "24 January 2024", "title": "APDA Guidelines on Use of Cookies, Privacy Policy, and Legal Notice", "url": "https://www.apda.ad/noticia/actualitzacio-de-la-guia-us-de-cookies-politica-de-privadesa-i-avis-legal", "description": "On 24 January 2024, the Andorran Data Protection Agency (APDA) updated its guidelines titled \"Use of Cookies, Privacy Policy, and Legal Notice\" to incorporate the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) Guidelines on Deceptive Design Patterns in Social Media Platform Interfaces and Guidelines on the Technical Scope of Article 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive. The amendments emphasise the restriction of cookie storage time to a maximum of 25 months, provide conditions for obtaining consent from mi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "15 July 2024", "title": "Ibero-American General Secretariat and Ibero-American Data Protection Network memorandum of understanding on data protection cooperation", "url": "https://home.inai.org.mx/wp-content/documentos/SalaDePrensa/Comunicados/Comunicado%20INAI-181-24.pdf", "description": "On 15 July 2024, the Ibero-American Data Protection Network (RIPD), led by the National Institute for Transparency, Access to Information and Personal Data Protection (INAI), and the Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB) signed a memorandum of understanding on data protection cooperation across Ibero-America. The memorandum establishes a collaborative framework for information exchange, technical assistance, and the development of public policies and regulations concerning personal data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "020" }, { "id": "NA", "title": "Namibia", "entries": [ { "date": "30 November 2022", "title": "Establishment of Data Protection Supervisory Authority in Data Protection Act, 2021", "url": "https://mict.gov.na/documents/32978/1376285/Data+Protection+Draft+Bill++March+2022....pdf/7c91ff30-2ec4-4ed2-99de-e09ac46466d8", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Namibian Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) closed its public consultation on the draft Data Protection Bill. The Bill aims to establish a \"Data Protection Supervisory Authority\" and define its respective responsibilities and functions. Further, the Bill also regulates the Authority's power to issue sectoral codes of conduct. Finally, the Bill sets out the Authority's jurisdiction over enforcement of the Bill's other provisions.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "516" }, { "id": "AF", "title": "Afghanistan", "entries": [ { "date": "2 August 2023", "title": "UNESCO Guidelines for Regulating Digital Platforms", "url": "https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384531?posInSet=1&queryId=N-EXPLORE-bddced8a-7b2f-4aa4-b7e2-c1128d89b5c8", "description": "On 8 February 2023, UNESCO published the second draft of the “Guidelines for regulating digital platforms: A multistakeholder approach to safeguarding freedom of expression and access to information” to be reviewed in the UNESCO Internet for Trust Global Conference between 21-23 February 2023. The Guidelines are addressed to digital platforms that allow users to disseminate content to the wider public, including social media networks, messaging apps, search engines, app stores, and content-sh...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "18 October 2023", "title": "Initiative on International Trade and Economic Cooperation Framework for Digital Economy and Green Development", "url": "http://images.mofcom.gov.cn/gjs/202310/20231018162845261.pdf", "description": "On 18 October 2023, in the context of the Belt and Road Forum, China, together with 35 other countries, announced the Initiative on International Trade and Economic Cooperation Framework for Digital Economy and Green Development. The Initiative is built on seven pillars, divided into four parts: First, regarding digital trade and economic cooperation, it embraces a commitment to an open and safe environment, improving trade facilitation, overcoming the digital divide, and enhancing consumer t...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "8 September 2024", "title": "United Nations cybercrime convention", "url": "https://www.unodc.org/unodc/frontpage/2024/August/united-nations_-member-states-finalize-a-new-cybercrime-convention.html", "description": "On 9 August 2024, the United Nations (UN) Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) announced that the Member States had finalised the draft cybercrime convention, aiming to strengthen international cooperation in combating cybercrime. The convention will be the first global legally binding instrument on cybercrime and the first multilateral anti-crime treaty in over 20 years. The convention seeks to enhance global efforts in preventing, prosecuting, and providing technical assistance to address cybe...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "11 June 2023", "title": "UNESCO guidelines for the governance of digital platforms and safeguarding freedom of expression and access to information", "url": "https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387339", "description": "On 6 November 2023, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) published guidelines for the governance of social media platforms and safeguarding freedom of expression and access to information. The report emphasises the need for global collaboration and regulation of social media platforms to combat disinformation and hate speech. The guidelines list the fundamental principles that should be followed, noting that platforms must conduct human rights due dili...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "22 September 2024", "title": "Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact, and Declaration on Future Generations", "url": "https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sotf-pact_for_the_future_adopted.pdf", "description": "On 22 September 2024, the United Nations adopted the Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact, and Declaration on Future Generations. The Compact is an initiative which aims to foster enhanced digital cooperation across nations. The Compact focuses on a number of objectives, including improving connectivity and public digital infrastructure, commit to a internet governance and safety, and ensure responsible, equitable, and interoperable data governance. Regarding artificial intelligence (A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "26 August 2025", "title": "United Nations General Assembly resolution on Independent International Scientific Panel on AI and Global Dialogue on AI Governance", "url": "https://press.un.org/en/2025/ga12699.doc.htm", "description": "On 26 August 2025, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution on the terms of reference and modalities for the establishment and functioning of the Independent International Scientific Panel on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance (resolution A/79/l.118). The resolution specifies that the Panel will provide annual evidence-based assessments on AI opportunities, risks and impacts, while the Dialogue will act as a multi-stake...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2 April 2026", "title": "Statement on AI-generated sexualised images of children", "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2026/02/1166886", "description": "On 4 February 2026, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) issued a statement on AI-generated sexualised images of children. The statement notes the rapid rise in the volume of AI-generated sexualised images, including deepfakes produced through nudification, where artificial intelligence tools strip or alter clothing to create fabricated nude or sexualised images. It cites evidence from a study by UNICEF, End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual P...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 7, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "004" }, { "id": "CI", "title": "Côte d'Ivoire", "entries": [ { "date": "23 August 2023", "title": "Investigation into YANGO concerning unauthorised audio recording of communications", "url": "https://www.artci.ci/index.php/33-actualites/informations/629-probables-enregistrements-des-communications-ou-echanges-a-l-interieur-de-vehicules-utilisateurs-de-l-application-denommee-yango-sans-information-prealable-ou-consentement-des-personnes-concernees.html", "description": "On 23 August 2023, the Telecommunications/ICT Regulatory Authority of Côte d'Ivoire (ARTCI) issued a decision concerning its investigation into Yango LLC, a ride-hailing platform, and its data protection practices for the purpose of ensuring drivers’ safety. In particular, the ARTCI found that Yango had conducted unauthorised recordings of communications within vehicles using the application and has instructed the company to immediately disable the feature to record conversations. Furthermore...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "384" }, { "id": "LA", "title": "Laos", "entries": [ { "date": "23 April 2024", "title": "Korea-Lao Memorandum of Understanding to Strengthen Digital Spread and Cybersecurity Capabilities", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2390&page=1#fnPostAttachDownload", "description": "On 24 April 2024, the Korean Internet & Security Agency (KISA) and the Lao National Internet Center (LANIC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to Strengthen Digital Spread and Cybersecurity Capabilities. The MoU aims to promote cooperation between the two countries in the digital industry and safety-related fields, such as support for new technologies and cybersecurity capabilities strengthening Internet infrastructure. The MoU includes cooperation on the use of electronic signatures...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "418" }, { "id": "CR", "title": "Costa Rica", "entries": [ { "date": "8 August 2024", "title": "Japan-Costa Rica Memorandum of Cooperation in information and communications sector including on AI and digital infrastructure", "url": "https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000179.html", "description": "On 8 August 2024, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Telecommunications of Costa Rica adopted the Memorandum of Cooperation in the Information and Communications Sector (ICT). The Memorandum aims to enhance collaboration in the ICT field, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI). The parties committed to cooperating to promote governance frameworks, such as the Hiroshima AI Process, open and secure digital infrastructur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "日本-哥斯达黎加信息通信领域（含人工智能与数字基础设施）合作谅解备忘录", "description_zh": "2024年8月8日，日本总务省与哥斯达黎加科学技术通信部签署信息通信技术（ICT）领域合作谅解备忘录。该备忘录旨在加强ICT领域合作，特别是人工智能（AI）领域。双方承诺在推动治理框架方面开展合作，如广岛AI进程，以及开放安全的数字基础设施建设。" }, { "date": "11 December 2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Cooperation between South Korea and CABEI", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2461&page=1", "description": "On 12 November 2024, the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA), in collaboration with the Central American Economic Integration Bank (CABEI) and the Korean Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and Communications, adopted a business agreement in San Jose, Costa Rica. This agreement aims to enhance cybersecurity capabilities and digital infrastructure protection in Central America through the sharing of knowledge, operation of capacity-building programs, and the development of joint...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "韩国与中美洲经济一体化银行网络安全合作", "description_zh": "2024年11月12日，韩国互联网安全协会（KISA）与中美洲经济一体化银行（CABEI）及韩国科学技术信息通信部在哥斯达黎加圣何塞签署商业协议。该协议旨在通过知识共享、能力建设项目的运作以及联合研发，增强中美洲地区的网络安全能力和数字基础设施保护。" } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "188" }, { "id": "BM", "title": "Bermuda", "entries": [ { "date": "26 August 2024", "title": "Mauritius, Dubai International Financial Centre, and Bermuda Associate Membership of Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules Forum", "url": "https://www.globalcbpr.org/the-forum-welcomes-mauritius-the-dubai-international-financial-centre-and-bermuda-as-associates/", "description": "On 26 August 2024, the Global Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) Forum announced that Mauritius, the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), and Bermuda had joined as Associate Members. This decision followed the Global Forum Assembly's approval of the Membership Committee's recommendations, confirming that all three jurisdictions met the criteria for Associate recognition.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "毛里求斯、迪拜国际金融中心及百慕大成为全球跨境隐私规则论坛准成员", "description_zh": "2024年8月26日，全球跨境隐私规则（CBPR）论坛宣布毛里求斯、迪拜国际金融中心（DIFC）及百慕大正式加入为准成员。该决定经全球论坛大会批准会员委员会的建议后作出，确认三个司法管辖区均符合准成员资格标准。" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "060" }, { "id": "LK", "title": "Sri Lanka", "entries": [ { "date": "15 October 2024", "title": "Guidelines on Data Protection Management Program under the Personal Data Protection Act No. 9 of 2022", "url": "https://dpa.gov.lk/guid/DPA%20Press%20Release%20-%2014%20Sep%202024%20-%20English%20final%20in%20letterhead.pdf", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Data Protection Authority of Sri Lanka closes its public consultation on the draft guidelines for the Data Protection Management Program (DPMP), as mandated under section 12 (2) of the Personal Data Protection Act No. 9 of 2022. The guidelines aim to guide controllers across various sectors in developing internal policy frameworks, also known as DPMPs, to comply with the Personal Data Protection Act's accountability requirements by its enforcement date of 18 March 2025...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2022年第9号《个人数据保护法》项下数据保护管理计划指南", "description_zh": "2024年10月15日，斯里兰卡数据保护局结束对数据保护管理计划（DPMP）草案指南的公众咨询，该指南依据2022年第9号《个人数据保护法》第12条第2款制定。指南旨在指导各行业数据控制者制定内部政策框架（即DPMP），以遵守《个人数据保护法》规定的问责要求，于2025年3月18日执法日期前完成合规。" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "144" }, { "id": "AG", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda", "entries": [ { "date": "11 April 2024", "title": "KISA, MSIT-IDB business agreement strengthening digital safety and trust", "url": "https://www.kisa.or.kr/402/form?postSeq=2458&page=1", "description": "On 4 November 2024, the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) and the Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology (MSIT) renewed the business agreement with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to strengthen digital safety and trust in Central and South America. The agreement applies to initiatives to enhance cybersecurity and digital infrastructure for public safety and connectivity across the region. The agreement focuses on measures including joint research o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "KISA与MSIT-IDB强化数字安全与信任商业协议", "description_zh": "2024年11月4日，韩国互联网安全协会（KISA）与科学技术信息通信部（MSIT）更新了与美洲开发银行（IDB）的商业协议，以加强中美洲和南美洲的数字安全与信任。该协议适用于加强该地区公共安全和连接的网络安全及数字基础设施举措，重点措施包括联合研究等。" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "028" }, { "id": "LI", "title": "Liechtenstein", "entries": [ { "date": "13 February 2025", "title": "Data Protection Office guidance on the use of the DeepSeek AI platform", "url": "https://www.datenschutzstelle.li/aktuelles/wichtiger-hinweis-risiken-bei-der-nutzung-von-deepseek", "description": "Official source record dated 13 February 2025 for Liechtenstein concerning Data Protection Office guidance on the use of the DeepSeek AI platform. See the linked datenschutzstelle.li source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "数据保护办公室关于使用DeepSeek AI平台的指导意见", "description_zh": "2025年2月13日，列支敦士登数据保护办公室发布关于使用DeepSeek AI平台的指导意见。办公室指出，DeepSeek R1 AI并非专为欧洲用户设计，存在相当大的数据保护风险。特别指出，使用DeepSeek涉及未提供明确保护保证的数据收集和处理，允许用户输入的提示被记录、传输、存储或分析。" } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "438" }, { "id": "SV", "title": "El Salvador", "entries": [ { "date": "26 February 2025", "title": "Artificial intelligence authority governance in Law for the promotion of artificial intelligence and technologies (Decree No. 234)", "url": "https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/leyes-y-decretos/view/6137", "description": "On 26 February 2025, the Law for the promotion of artificial intelligence and technologies, including the establishment of the national artificial intelligence agency (ANIA), was adopted by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador. The ANIA will serve as the governing body responsible for promoting the development, research and application of AI and related technologies, operating with functional and technical autonomy under the Presidency of the Republic. It will oversee compliance with the l...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能与技术促进法》（第234号法令）人工智能权力机构治理", "description_zh": "2025年2月26日，萨尔瓦多立法大会通过《人工智能与技术促进法》，该法确立国家人工智能局（ANIA）。ANIA将作为负责促进AI及相关技术开发、研究和应用的管理机构，在共和国总统领导下行使职能和技术自主权。其将监督合规事宜。" }, { "date": "29 January 2026", "title": "Technology transfer requirements in El Salvador-United States Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/january/ambassador-greer-signs-us-el-salvador-agreement-reciprocal-trade", "description": "On 29 January 2026, El Salvador and the United States adopted the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Article 3.3 prohibits El Salvador from requiring US persons to transfer or provide access to technologies, production processes, source code, or proprietary knowledge as a condition for doing business. However, the Agreement leaves open the possibility for regulatory or judicial authorities in El Salvador to require the preservation or disclosure of software source code or algorithms for specific ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "萨尔瓦多-美国互惠贸易协定技术转让要求", "description_zh": "2026年1月29日，萨尔瓦多与美国签署互惠贸易协定。第3.3条规定，萨尔瓦多不得要求美国人员转让或提供技术、生产流程、源代码或专有知识作为开展业务的条件。然而，该协定保留萨尔瓦多监管或司法机关要求为特定目的保留或披露软件源代码或算法的可能性。" } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "222" }, { "id": "Private-sector companies", "title": "Private-sector companies", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-10-27", "title": "2023 UK AI Safety Summit Response (Google DeepMind)", "url": "https://deepmind.google/public-policy/ai-summit-policies/", "description": "Describes Google DeepMind's commitment to responsible AI development, emphasizing adherence to AI Principles to ensure technologies are socially beneficial, avoid bias, uphold safety standards, and respect privacy. \n\nEstablishes a Responsible AI Council and Responsible Development and Innovation team to assess ethics and safety risks in AI models, guiding model and product development. \n\nOutlines a comprehensive evaluation process, including red-teaming for risk assessment, to identify and mi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2018-09-04", "title": "OpenAI Charter", "url": "https://openai.com/charter", "description": "Outlines OpenAI's commits to using influence over AGI deployment to ensure it benefits all of humanity and avoids harm or power concentration.\n\nPledges to assist other safety-conscious AGI projects nearing completion, rather than compete, under specific conditions.\n\nStrive for technical leadership within OpenAI and cooperate with other research and policy institutions.\n\nCommit to multistakeholder cooperation and publish its research while acknowledging potential safety and security constraint...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-12-18", "title": "OpenAI Preparedness Framework (Beta)", "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/openai-preparedness-framework-beta.pdf", "description": "Commits to continually evaluating and forecasting key areas of risk along several Tracked Risk Categories and indicating current pre- and post-mitigation risk in a Scorecard.\n\nCommits to establishing safety baselines where only models with a post-mitigation score of \"medium\" or below can be deployed and only models with a post-mitigation score of \"high\" or below can be developed further.\n\nAnnounces creation of a Safety Advisory Group to assist OpenAI leadership and Board of Directors with mak...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "Anthropic Responsible Scaling Policy", "url": "https://assets.anthropic.com/m/24a47b00f10301cd/original/Anthropic-Responsible-Scaling-Policy-2024-10-15.pdf", "description": "Establishes AI Safety Level (ASL) Standards to guide safe deployment and security for current and future AI models, categorizing measures into Deployment and Security Standards.\n\nRequires all current models to meet ASL-2 standards, focusing on safe usage and protection from unauthorized access.\n\nIntroduces Capability Thresholds to determine when stronger safeguards (ASL-3 or higher) are needed, specifying Required Safeguards for particular risks including Chemical, Biological, Radiological, a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Google DeepMind Frontier Safety Framework Version 1.0", "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/deepmind-media/DeepMind.com/Blog/introducing-the-frontier-safety-framework/fsf-technical-report.pdf", "description": "Establishes protocols within the Frontier Safety Framework to address severe risks from future foundation models' capabilities.\n\nDefines \"Critical Capability Levels\" (CCLs) to identify when AI models pose heightened risks, focusing initially on Autonomy, Biosecurity, Cybersecurity, and Machine Learning R&D.\n\nImplements periodic evaluations to detect when models approach CCLs and articulates developing mitigation plans.\n\nProposes security mitigations to prevent model weight exfiltration and de...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2018-01-01", "title": "Google AI Principles", "url": "https://ai.google/static/documents/EN-AI-Principles.pdf", "description": "Commit to bold innovation by advancing AI research, accelerating scientific discovery, solving real-world problems, and ensuring benefits substantially outweigh risks.\n\nEnsure responsible development and deployment with human oversight, rigorous testing and monitoring, safeguards to mitigate harms, avoidance of unfair bias, and respect for privacy, security, and intellectual property.\n\nPromote collaborative progress by empowering others to innovate, fostering a vibrant AI ecosystem, and engag...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-02", "title": "Meta Frontier AI Framework (Version 1.1)", "url": "https://ai.meta.com/static-resource/meta-frontier-ai-framework", "description": "Establishes a Frontier AI Framework at Meta to manage risks of advanced AI, focusing on models exceeding current advanced capabilities.\n\nImplements processes to prevent catastrophic outcomes by identifying threat scenarios and developing threat models.\n\nDefines risk thresholds to categorize AI models; critical threshold results in ceasing development, while high and moderate thresholds dictate further risk mitigation measures.\n\nOutlines governance and transparency processes in AI development,...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-26", "title": "2023 UK AI Safety Summit Response (Microsoft)", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2023/10/26/microsofts-ai-safety-policies/", "description": "Establishes a joint Microsoft-OpenAI Deployment Safety Board (DSB) for pre-release frontier model capability review, and supports a globally coordinated licensing regime for frontier model oversight.\n\nImplements multi-layered responsible AI governance through the Responsible AI Council, Responsible AI Division Leads, and iterative risk mapping, measurement, and management across the product lifecycle.\n\nDescribes and implements red teaming practices at model and application levels, including A...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2023年英国AI安全峰会回应（微软）", "description_zh": "建立微软-OpenAI联合部署安全委员会（DSB），对发布前的前沿模型能力进行审查，并支持全球协调的前沿模型许可监管制度。\n\n通过负责任AI委员会、负责任AI部门负责人以及整个产品生命周期中的迭代风险映射、测量和管理，实施多层次负责任AI治理。\n\n描述并实施模型和应用层面的红队演练，包括对抗性测试等。" }, { "date": "2023-01-10", "title": "AI Safety Summit - Enhancing Frontier AI Safety (Amazon)", "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/uki/cloud-services/uk-gov-ai-safety-summit/", "description": "Facilitates AI development and deployment through Amazon Web Services (AWS), offering a comprehensive suite of AI and ML services, including Amazon Bedrock and Amazon Titan Foundation Models, which support generative AI applications.\n\nImplements risk management and safety protocols, including systematic model evaluation, red teaming, and ongoing security assessments, to mitigate potential AI risks.\n\nProtects AI models and data using robust logical and physical security measures, such as encry...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI安全峰会——增强前沿AI安全（亚马逊）", "description_zh": "通过亚马逊网络服务（AWS）促进AI开发和部署，提供全面的AI和ML服务组合，包括Amazon Bedrock和Amazon Titan基础模型，支持生成式AI应用。\n\n实施风险管理和安全协议，包括系统性模型评估、红队演练和持续安全评估，以减轻潜在AI风险。\n\n使用强大的��辑��物理安全措施保护AI模型和数据，如加密等。" }, { "date": "2023-10-30", "title": "Our Policy on Frontier Safety (Inflection)", "url": "https://inflection.ai/frontier-safety", "description": "Commits Inflection to a disciplined, phased approach to scaling AI models, emphasizing pre-deployment safety, post-launch monitoring, and global governance.\n\nRequires robust evaluations and third-party red-teaming before public launch to ensure models do not provide harmful information or engage in discriminatory conduct.\n\nImplements strict data input controls and audits, involving executive review and legal evaluations of training data for compliance with legal and ethical standards.\n\nEnsure...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "我们关于前沿安全的政策（Inflection）", "description_zh": "Inflection承诺采用严谨的阶段性方法来扩展AI模型，强调发布前安全、发布后监控和全球治理。\n\n要求在公开发布前进行严格评估和第三方红队演练，确保模型不提供有害信息或从事歧视性行为。\n\n实施严格的数据输入控制和审计，包括管理层审查和法律评估训练数据以符合法律和道德标准。" }, { "date": "2023-10-26", "title": "OpenAI's Approach to Frontier Risk (An Update for the UK AI Safety Summit)", "url": "https://openai.com/global-affairs/our-approach-to-frontier-risk/", "description": "States that OpenAI's is establishing a Preparedness Framework to manage risks from frontier AI models, focusing on a development process governance structure and preemption of catastrophic outcomes; this work will complement existing risk mitigation work and includes a joint Deployment Safety Board with Microsoft. \n\nStates that OpenAI is creating Superalignment and Preparedness teams within the company to align AI systems with human intent and track and prepare for frontier risks, including c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "OpenAI应对前沿风险的方法（英国AI安全峰会最新进展）", "description_zh": "指出OpenAI正在建立准备框架以管理前沿AI模型的风险，重点关注开发流程治理结构和灾难性结果的预防；该工作将与现有风险缓解工作相配合，并包括与微软的联合部署安全委员会。\n\n指出OpenAI正在公司内部创建超级对齐和准备团队，以使AI系统与人类意图保持一致，并追踪和准备应对前沿风险，包括灾难性风险等。" }, { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "Frontier AI Safety Commitments, AI Seoul Summit 2024", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024/frontier-ai-safety-commitments-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "description": "Announces on behalf of the UK and Republic of Korea governments companies, including Amazon, Google, and OpenAI, that have committed to the Frontier AI Safety Commitments. Mandates that companies publish a safety framework, requires transparency on evolving safety approaches, and implement various best practices.\n\nDefines outcome one as organizations identifying, assessing, and managing risks when developing and deploying frontier AI systems. Defines five sub-outcomes, including internal and ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "前沿AI安全承诺，2024年AI首尔峰会", "description_zh": "代表英国和韩国政府宣布，包括亚马逊、谷歌和OpenAI在内的公司已承诺遵守前沿AI安全承诺。要求公司发布安全框架，要求对不断发展的安全方法保持透明，并实施各种最佳实践。\n\n将第一项成果定义为组织在开发和部署前沿AI系统时识别、评估和管理风险。定义了五个子成果，包括内部和外部风险评估等。" }, { "date": "2024-01-06", "title": "Microsoft Responsible AI Standard, v2", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/sites/5/2022/06/Microsoft-Responsible-AI-Standard-v2-General-Requirements-3.pdf", "description": "Mandates Microsoft to conduct Impact Assessments for AI systems early in development to evaluate societal impacts, ensuring AI systems are fit for purpose, with annual updates and reviews for significant adverse impacts.\n\nDemands human oversight by identifying responsible stakeholders, providing necessary tools, and ensuring appropriate documentation for system control and intervention.\n\nRequires intelligibility for decision-making, enabling stakeholders to interpret system outputs and minimi...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "微软负责任AI标准（第2版）", "description_zh": "要求微软在开发初期对AI系统进行影响评估，以评估社会影响，确保AI系统适合目的，并对重大不利影响进行年度更新和审查。\n\n要求通过识别负责任的利益相关者、提供必要工具和确保适当的系统控制和干预文档来实现人类监督。\n\n要求决策的可理解性，使利益相关者能够解释系统输出并最小化不可预测性等。" }, { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "AI in America: OpenAI's Economic Blueprint", "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/global-affairs/ai-in-america-oai-economic-blueprint-20250113.pdf", "description": "Defines a US strategy emphasizing national competitiveness, model safeguards, and national security for AI, with the federal government leading and consulting with industry.\n\nPromotes export policies to securely share frontier AI models with allies while limiting exports to adversary nations.\n\nEncourages federal support for AI companies, including sharing national security insights and reducing bureaucratic obstacles for collaboration.\n\nAdvocates infrastructure development to support AI, emph...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "美国的AI：OpenAI经济蓝图", "description_zh": "制定美国战略，强调AI的国家竞争力、模型保障和国家安全，由联邦政府主导并与行业协商。\n\n促进出口政策，在限制向对手国家出口的同时与盟国安全共享前沿AI模型。\n\n鼓励联邦政府对AI公司的支持，包括分享国家安全见解和减少合作障碍。\n\n倡导发展支持AI的基础设施，重点关注计算等。" } ], "entry_count": 14, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Other authorities", "title": "Other authorities", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-01-10", "title": "Republic of Ghana National Artificial Intelligence Strategy: 2023-2033", "url": "https://www.africadataprotection.org/Ghana-AI-Strat.pdf", "description": "Develops Ghana's National AI Strategy through the Ministry of Communications and Digitalisation, supported by various international partners to drive inclusive growth and AI adoption.\n\nEstablishes a Responsible AI Office to implement the strategy, coordinate stakeholders, and ensure responsible AI deployment.\n\nIdentifies eight pillars focusing on AI education and training, youth empowerment, digital infrastructure, data access and governance, community coordination, sectoral AI adoption, appl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2021-07-21", "title": "White Paper on Artificial Intelligence Standardization 2021", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/artificial-intelligence-standardization-white-paper-2021-edition/", "description": "Improve the working mechanism to promote AI standardization through the National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee’s AI Technical Subcommittee.\n\nDevelop key AI standards based on principles such as “advantages first, maturity first,” focusing on performance benchmarks and hardware virtual interfaces.\n\nCarry out pilot demonstrations to strengthen AI standardization promotion by selecting national innovation zones for standard application demonstrations.\n\nCreate de fact...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-12", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Safety Commitments (China AI Industry Alliance)", "url": "https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/s-XFKQCWhu0uye4opgb3Ng", "description": "Calls for the establishment of safety teams and risk management mechanisms for AI safety and security.\n\nMandates safety and security testing for AI models, prioritizing evaluations in critical domains.\n\nImplements data security measures to protect training and operational data, ensuring privacy and accuracy.\n\nEnhances infrastructure security through regular penetration tests and incident response protocols.\n\nRequires transparency in AI model capabilities, limitations, and risk disclosures.\n\nA...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-09", "title": "Bipartisan Framework for U.S. AI Act", "url": "https://www.blumenthal.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/09072023bipartisanaiframework.pdf", "description": "Establishes a licensing regime requiring companies developing sophisticated A.I. models to register with an independent oversight body. \n\nRequires developers to maintain risk management, pre-deployment testing, and reporting programs as part of licensing conditions.\n\nGrants the oversight body authority to audit companies and cooperate with state Attorneys General.\n\nMandates Congress to ensure A.I. companies are legally accountable for harms caused by their models, including privacy breaches a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Security Standardization White Paper, Section 5 (\"Recommendations for AI security standardization work\")", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/artificial-intelligence-security-standardization-white-paper-2019-edition/", "description": "Launch AI security standardization work by coordinating a system of AI security standards, focusing on foundational and application-specific research.\n\nAccelerate development of AI security standards in key areas, driven by urgent needs and safety incidents, to address security risks and ethical issues.\n\nPromote the application of AI security standards through pilot mechanisms and collaboration between academia, industry, and research institutions.\n\nStrengthen training for AI security standar...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "《人工智能安全标准化白皮书》第5节（\"AI安全标准化工作建议\"）", "description_zh": "通过协调AI安全标准体系启动AI安全标准化工作，重点关注基础和应用特定研究。\n\n在关键领域加速AI安全标准开发，由紧迫需求和安全事件驱动，以解决安全风险和道德问题。\n\n通过试点机制和学术界、工业界与研究机构之间的合作促进AI安全标准的应用。\n\n加强AI安全标准培训等。" }, { "date": "2024-06-26", "title": "White Paper on Artificial Intelligence Regulation in Ukraine: Vision of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine 2024", "url": "https://storage.thedigital.gov.ua/files/c/fc/36c4cae89deedfbf3781ec6bceddffcc.pdf", "description": "Proposes the development of tools to help businesses and the state prepare for future regulation, including a methodology for assessing AI's impact on human rights and a regulatory sandbox.\n\nPromotes the voluntary labeling of AI systems to foster transparency, trust, and accountability.\n\nCalls for the creation of general and sectoral recommendations, voluntary codes of conduct, and a web portal for the Responsible AI center. \n\nExplains how the proposed soft tolls and training tools are expect...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "乌克兰人工智能监管白皮书：乌克兰数字转型部2024年愿景", "description_zh": "提出开发工具以帮助企业和国家为未来监管做好准备，包括评估AI对人权影响的方法论和监管沙盒。\n\n促进AI系统的自愿标识，以促进透明度、信任和问责。\n\n呼吁制定通用和行业建议、自愿行为准则以及负责AI中心的网络门户。\n\n解释拟议的软工具和培训工具的预期用途等。" }, { "date": "2021-09-30", "title": "Federal Senate Bill of Law No. 21, of 2020", "url": "https://www.derechosdigitales.org/wp-content/uploads/Brazil-Bill-Law-of-No-21-of-2020-EN.pdf#%5B%7B%22num%22%3A17%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22XYZ%22%7D%2C102%2C794%2C0%5D", "description": "Establishes foundations and principles for AI development and applications in Brazil and guidelines for the promotion and performance of public authorities. \n\nDefines AI systems as computational processes that, from goals defined by humans, can learn from data to perceive, interpret, and interact with the external environment, excluding automation solely guided by predefined parameters without learning capability.\n\nDeclares that AI implementation in Brazil is aimed at technological developmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "2020年第21号联邦参议院法律草案", "description_zh": "为巴西AI开发和应用确立基础和原则，并为公共部门的促进和绩效制定指导方针。\n\n将AI系统定义为 computational processes that, from goals defined by humans, can learn from data to perceive, interpret, and interact with the external environment, excluding automation solely guided by predefined parameters without learning capability.\n\n宣布在巴西实施AI旨在促进技术发展等。" }, { "date": "2024-03-16", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft for Suggestions from Scholars)", "url": "https://cset.georgetown.edu/publication/china-ai-law-draft/", "description": "Mandates the regulation of AI development and use activities within and outside China if they affect Chinese national interests.\n\nEstablishes principles of ethics, fairness, transparency, safety, and accountability in AI development and use.\n\nEstablishes aims and support measures for AI adoption, infrastructure development and supports data sharing, compute resources, and algorithmic innovation.\n\nProtects intellectual property laws, user privacy rights and encourages applications of energy ef...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "中华人民共和国人工智能法（学者建议草案）", "description_zh": "规定对影响中国国家利益的中国境外AI开发和使用活动进行监管。\n\n确立AI开发和使用中的伦理、公平、透明、安全和问责原则。\n\n确立AI采用、基础设施发展的目标和支持措施，并支持数据共享、计算资源和算法创新。\n\n保护知识产权法、用户隐私权并鼓励节能应用等。" } ], "entry_count": 8, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Idaho", "title": "Idaho", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-01-07", "title": "Idaho House Bill 575", "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2024/legislation/h0575/", "description": "Establishes the crime of disclosing or threatening to disclose explicit synthetic media without consent, intending to cause distress or obtain valuables, punishable as a misdemeanor or felony for repeat offenders.\n\nDefines \"explicit synthetic media\" as AI-altered images or videos depicting sexual conduct involving identifiable individuals without their engagement.\n\nExempts disclosures for lawful purposes, such as criminal investigations, public interest reporting, scientific research, or lega...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-25", "title": "Idaho House Bill 664 (Freedom From AI-Rigged Elections Act)", "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2024/legislation/h0664/", "description": "Enacts the \"Freedom From AI-Rigged (FAIR) Elections Act\" to regulate synthetic media in electioneering communications.\n\nDefines \"synthetic media\" as altered audio or video intended to mislead about real events or speech through advanced digital techniques.\n\nAllows candidates misrepresented by synthetic media to seek injunctive relief and damages against the creators or distributors.\n\nRequires disclosures on synthetic media: a visible text or audible notice stating the media is manipulated.\n\nP...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "爱达荷州众议院第664号法案（《免受AI操纵选举法》）", "description_zh": "颁布《免受AI操纵（FAIR）选举法》以规范选举宣传中的合成媒体。\n\n将\"合成媒体\"定义为意图通过先进数字技术歪曲 real events or speech 的更改音频或视频。\n\n允许被合成媒体歪曲的候选人寻求禁令救济和损害赔偿，向创作者或分发者追偿。\n\n要求披露合成媒体：注明媒体被操纵的可见文字或可听通知。" } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "St. Louis, MO", "title": "St. Louis, MO", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-02-23", "title": "Executive order No. 78 (St. Louis)", "url": "https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/mayor/documents/executive-orders/upload/EO-78-Surveillance-Transparency-1.pdf", "description": "Establishes transparency and accountability requirements for the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department’s (SLMPD) use of surveillance technology, including artificial intelligence (AI).\n\nProhibits using surveillance technology to monitor political, religious, or social groups unless tied to criminal activity or public safety threats.\n\nMandates public, written policies for SLMPD’s use of surveillance technology and AI.\n\nRequires annual transparency reports detailing the SLMPD’s surveillance ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "title": "City of St. Louis Information Technology Policy #2023-001 Guidance on Generative AI", "url": "https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/information-technology/documents/upload/Guidance-on-Generative-AI.pdf", "description": "Instructs City employees to adhere to the Information Technology Acceptable Use Policy when using generative AI tools.\n\nRequires ITSA to vet the purchase of AI-related technology and software.\n\nProhibits the use of City passwords for logging onto AI platforms and advises caution due to evolving malware threats.\n\nForbids the upload of sensitive or confidential information when using AI systems.\n\nAdvises a review and validation of AI-generated content due to potential bias or inaccuracies.\n\nCau...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "圣路易斯市信息技术政策第2023-001号生成式AI指导", "description_zh": "指示市员工在使用生成式AI工具时遵守信息技术可接受使用政策。\n\n要求ITSA审查AI相关技术和软件的购买。\n\n禁止使用市密码登录AI平台，并建议谨慎，因恶意软件威胁不断演变。\n\n禁止在使用AI系统时上传敏感或机密信息。\n\n建议审查和验证AI生成的内容，因可能存在偏见或不准确。" }, { "date": "2024-06-05", "title": "St Louis, MO Board Bill Number 185 2023-24", "url": "https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/city-laws/upload/legislative/BoardBills/support-documents/BB185CS%20Clean%20Copy.pdf", "description": "Requires a City Entity in St. Louis to obtain Board of Aldermen approval before accepting funds, acquiring, or using surveillance technology, including AI surveillance tools.\n\nDefines surveillance technology broadly to include AI-based systems.\n\nMandates public availability and Board approval of a Surveillance Use Plan (SUP) before technology use.\n\nProhibits unauthorized surveillance use that discriminates or infringes civil rights.\n\nObligates annual reporting on surveillance technology use, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "密苏里州圣路易斯市议会法案第185号2023-24", "description_zh": "要求圣路易斯市的市实体在接受资金、获取或使用监视技术（包括AI监视工具）之前获得市议会批准。\n\n广泛定义监视技术以包括基于AI的系统。\n\n要求在技术使用前公开发布并获得市议会批准的监视使用计划（SUP）。\n\n禁止歧视或侵犯公民权利的未经授权的监视使用。\n\n义务每年报告监视技术使用情况。" } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "US-DC", "title": "District of Columbia", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-08-02", "title": "DC Mayor's Orders 2024-028", "url": "https://mayor.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/mayormb/release_content/attachments/Mayor%27sOrder2024-028ArticulatingDCsArtificialIntelligenceValues.pdf", "description": "Establishes six core AI Values that District of Columbia agencies must assess before deploying AI tools, specifically focusing on benefits, safety, accountability, transparency, sustainability, and privacy.\n\nForms an AI Advisory Group and an AI Taskforce to align AI Values, conduct community engagement, support governance, and advise the Mayor on AI use.\n\nInstructs the Office of the Chief Technology Officer, Department of Human Resources, and other agencies to develop privacy, cybersecurity, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "华盛顿特区市长命令2024-028", "description_zh": "确立六个核心AI价值观，华盛顿特区各机构在部署AI工具前必须评估，重点关注益处、安全、问责、透明、可持续性和隐私。\n\n成立AI咨询小组和AI特别工作组以协调AI价值观、开展社区参与、支持治理，并向市长提供AI使用建议。\n\n指示首席技术官办公室、人力资源部和其他机构制定隐私、网络安全等政策。" }, { "date": "2023-10-02", "title": "A Bill in the District of Columbia to prohibit users of algorithmic decision-making from utilizing algorithmic eligibility determinations in a discriminatory manner, to require corresponding notices to individuals whose personal information is used, and to provide for appropriate means of civil enforcement.", "url": "https://lims.dccouncil.gov/downloads/LIMS/52282/Introduction/B25-0114-Introduction.pdf?Id=155626", "description": "Prohibits entities in Washington D.C. from determining eligibility for, or access to information about, \"important life opportunities\" (e.g., housing or employment) on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, familial status, source of income, or disability in a discriminatory manner.\n\nRequires entities to provide a public notice describing any algorithmic tools they use to determine eligibility for, or access to information ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "working_paper", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "华盛顿特区一项禁止算法决策使用者以歧视性方式使用算法资格确定的法案，要求对使用其个人信息的相关个人发出通知，并提供适当的民事执法手段", "description_zh": "禁止华盛顿特区的实体基于种族、肤色、宗教、国籍、性别、性别认同或表达、性取向、家庭状况、收入来源或残疾以歧视性方式决定\"重要生活机会\"（如住房或就业）的资格或信息获取。\n\n要求实体提供公开通知，描述其用于确定资格或信息获取的任何算法工具等。" } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "840" }, { "id": "Bulgaria", "title": "Bulgaria", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-09-12", "title": "Gender bias in AI: what the United States, Canada, and Western European nations can learn from other countries", "url": "", "description": "Gender (dis)parities between countries are expected, but the countries with the widest and narrowest gaps may surprise you.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI中的性别偏见：美国、加拿大和西欧国家可从其他国家学到什么", "description_zh": "各国之间的性别（差异）差距是预期的，但差距最大和最窄的国家可能会让您感到惊讶。", "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "EU", "title": "EU", "entries": [ { "title": "Timeline - Artificial intelligence - consilium.europa.eu", "url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/artificial-intelligence-act/timeline-artificial-intelligence/", "description": "The final text needs to be formally adopted by both Council and Parliament, as the EU's co-legislators. The AI act should apply from 2026.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Overview of all AI Act National Implementation Plans", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/national-implementation-plans/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=national-implementation-plans", "description": "This post gives an overview of the national authorities to be designated under the AI Act and what we know about the national implementation plans.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Commission urges Member States to rollout EU age verification app", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-urges-member-states-rollout-eu-age-verification-app", "description": "Commission urges Member States to rollout EU age verification app\nlegroju\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n

Today, the Commission adopted a recommendation urging Member States to accelerate the rollout of the EU age verification app and make it available by the end of the year.

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
\"Illustration
\n \n \n
\n \n
\n

The secure, safe, and privacy-preserving EU age verification app is a key step in protecting children from harmful and inappropriate online content.

\n

The Member States can roll-out the EU age verification as a standalone app or integrate it into a European Digital Identity Wallet. The recommendation also specifies the actions that Member States should take to ensure the swift availability and interoperability of the EU age verification solution.

\n

The Commission has developed a blueprint of the EU age verification app, which enables users to prove they meet a required age threshold without revealing their exact age, identity or any other personal details. It is now for the Member States to customise and produce the app for their citizens.

\n

Protecting children online is a priority for the Commission. Under the EU's Digital Services Act, online platforms must ensure a high level of privacy, security and safety for minors online.

\n

Henna Virkkunen, Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, said:

\n
\n

Effective and privacy-preserving age verification is the next piece of the puzzle that we are getting closer to completing, as we work towards an online space where our children are safe and empowered to use positively and responsibly without restricting the rights of adults.

\n
\n

More information

\n\n

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n

Related content

\n\n \n \n\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Commission sets out a common approach for EU-wide Age Verification technologies", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-sets-out-common-approach-eu-wide-age-verification-technologies", "description": "Commission sets out a common approach for EU-wide Age Verification technologies\nmarsrgi\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n

The Commission has adopted a recommendation that paves the way for everyone in the EU to have access to age verification tools based on anonymous proof-of-age technologies, ensuring the highest possible standards for privacy and data protection.

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
\"Illustration
\n \n \n
\n \n
\n

The protection and empowerment of children and teens online is a key priority of the Commission. Age verification is part of our strategy to protect minors online but it is only one piece of the puzzle. It goes hand in hand with work such as the Digital Services Act (DSA) enforcement, the Action Plan Against Cyberbullying, the Better Internet for Kids Strategy and more.

\n

The recommendation lays down the actions the Commission encourages Member States to take to make sure that all EU citizens have access to robust and privacy-preserving age verification by 31 December 2026.

\n

It also defines an EU-wide governance approach to enable further availability of such technologies.

\n

Member States are recommended to:

\n
    \n
  • Make use of the EU age verification blueprint, which can be customised to each Member State’s needs and be integrated with the European Digital Identity Wallets.
    • \n
  • Draw up implementation plans to ensure swift adoption of age verification solutions.
    • \n
  • Work together and engage with their Digital Services Coordinators, other Member States, the Commission, researchers and civil society in the roll out of their national solutions.
    • \n
  • Ensure compliance with all relevant cybersecurity standards through independent third-party scrutiny.
    • \n
\n

The Commission will also set up an EU Age Verification scheme, with requirements for providers of proof of age attestations and age verification solutions to meet, also outlining how trust in these providers can be checked by services needing to verify the age of individuals.

\n

Additionally, the Commission will make available a list of the age verification solutions that meet privacy and security standards equivalent to the EU age verification blueprint and other relevant legislation.

\n

Furthermore, a list of trusted providers of proof of age attestations will be set up. These providers can verify the age of the user for the age verification solution through one of the supported onboarding mechanisms, such as through eIDs, passports or ID cards.

\n

Guidelines on the protection of minors under the Digital Services Act

\n

Last July, the Commission adopted guidelines under the DSA that outline what online platforms should do to create a better and safer internet for young people.

\n

Among other things, the guidelines recommend the use of effective age assurance methods that are accurate, reliable, robust, non-intrusive and non-discriminatory. This includes using age verification methods to restrict access to adult content such as pornography and gambling, or when national rules set a minimum age to access certain services.

\n

For example, at present, 24% of 14 to 17-year-olds in 6 EU countries report seeing pornographic content at least once per week – which is being addressed in parallel through the DSA enforcement actions and needs to be underpinned by effective age verification.

\n

When age verification is recommended, it should rely on physical identifiers, such as ID-cards, passports or Bank-IDs, to restrict access to adult content online such as pornography, gambling, or purchasing alcohol.

\n

The EU’s Age Verification Solution

\n

To accelerate the implementation of age verification solutions across the EU, the Commission provided a blueprint with technical specifications that allows users to prove that they are over a certain age, for example 15, 18 or even 65, without disclosing their exact age or identity. The blueprint includes guidance for the technical implementation of these specifications, including on cybersecurity and privacy.

\n

For instance, the EU solution offers the highest privacy standards by using state-of-the-art technology to prevent tracking.

\n

Furthermore, the solution only confirms if the user is over a certain age. It does not reveal the precise age, or any other information about the user either to the trusted proof of the age attestation provider or the online platform the user is accessing.

\n

The solution guarantees full anonymity by protecting the user’s identity throughout the verification process. It is also fully aligned with the EU Digital Wallet framework.

\n

The European Digital Identity Wallet

\n

The European Digital Identity Regulation requires Member States to offer at least one free EU Digital Identity Wallet to its residents by the end of 2026. These wallets enable secure, user-controlled sharing of identity data and electronic attestations. including proofs of age, with public and private relying parties across the EU.

\n

More information

\n
\n\n \n

Downloads

\n
\n
\n
\n
Commission recommendation on establishing a common framework for EU wide Age Verification technologies
\n
\n \n Download \n \n
\n
\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n

Related content

\n\n \n \n\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Apply AI sectoral deep dive - electronic communications", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/events/apply-ai-sectoral-deep-dive-electronic-communications", "description": "Apply AI sectoral deep dive - electronic communications\nAnonymous (not verified)\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n
    \n
  • \n  \n 30 April 2026\n
    • \n \n
\n\n

This webinar will look at ways to boost the development and deployment of AI-driven solutions across the EU’s electronic communications sector.

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
\""Electronic
\n \n \n
\n \n
\n

The ability of citizens and economies to innovate, improve productivity, and create more opportunities for sustainable growth relies on high-performance networks. AI is driving the transformation of this essential digital infrastructure.

\n

Major telecommunications companies have already integrated AI-based solutions into their infrastructure, primarily to improve efficiency and reduce costs, but this is only the beginning. The adoption of AI opens a new wave of opportunities such as real-time networks optimisation, predictive maintenance, personalised customer service, intelligent infrastructure development, enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) management and network security. This is set to enable the development of intelligent, adaptive services that benefit both consumers and enterprises and redefine how we communicate, connect, and share information globally.

\n

This session is part of a series of Apply AI thematic webinars. It will focus on real world use cases of end-users and SMEs leveraging trutworthy technologies, while also addressing specialised AI models and dedicated data sets.

\n

Join the live stream on our YouTube channel to find out how industry and other stakeholders can shape priorities for Europe’s electronic communications sector. Engage in the conversation by submitting questions in advance or during the session via Slido.

\n

Agenda

\n

30 April, 10:30-11:30 (CET)

\n

Moderator

\n

Andrea Hak, Communications Expert, AI Office, DG Connect

\n

Speakers

\n
    \n
  • Veronika Kadlecová, AI Innovation and Policy Coordination, DG Connect
    • \n
  • Agustín Díaz-Pinés, Future Connectivity Systems, DG Connect
    • \n
  • Xurxo Remuiñán Suárez, Future Connectivity Systems, DG Connect
    • \n
\n

Background

\n

The European electronic communications sector is fundamental to the continent’s digital economy. By providing essential connectivity that supports advanced digital services - from healthcare and urban management to education and industry - it is driving technological innovation and reinforcing Europe's competitiveness.

\n

AI is emerging as a cornerstone for building smarter, resilient, and greener networks, enabling new services, and supporting applications with real-time requirements, such as robotics, autonomous systems and physical AI. Network operators are actively trialing AI-based solutions across network and customer service operations. Although AI holds strong potential for this sector, its impact is still limited because of the lack of open platforms and capacity in edge devices.

\n

The Apply AI Strategy has announced flagship initiatives to promote EU capacities in edge AI devices and create a European Telco AI platform for telecom operators, vendors and user industries to collaboratively build AI stack elements, including mediation layers, data engineering, cloud interfaces, and AI services, potentially based on open source.

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Targeted consultation on measuring energy consumption and emissions of AI models and systems", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/consultations/targeted-consultation-measuring-energy-consumption-and-emissions-ai-models-and-systems", "description": "Targeted consultation on measuring energy consumption and emissions of AI models and systems\nAnonymous (not verified)\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n
    \n
  • \n  \n Opening: 07 April 2026\n
    • \n
  • \n  \n Closing: 25 May 2026\n
    • \n \n
\n\n

Part of a broader study, this survey seeks stakeholder input about energy consumption and energy efficiency of AI models and AI systems.

\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n
\"People
\n \n \n
\n \n
\n

This targeted consultation is part of a study procured by the European commission with the title \"Development of a study to measure and foster energy efficient and low emission artificial intelligence (AI) in the EU\".

\n

Responses to this consultation will help refine the study and contribute to a measurement framework for the energy-related objectives of the AI Act and support the design of a potential AI energy and emission label.

\n

Target audience

\n

The survey targets companies (ranging from start-ups and SMEs to large enterprises) and other organisations that develop and deploy general-purpose AI (GPAI) models or AI systems, as well as their component and service suppliers.

\n

Background and objectives

\n

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence is placing increasing demands on energy resources, raising significant concerns about its environmental footprint. The AI Act, introduces provisions concerning energy consumption and transparency. Providers of GPAI models are required to document the known or estimated energy consumption of their models as part of their technical documentation obligations under Annex XI of the AI Act.

\n

Obtaining a comprehensive picture of the energy efficiency and carbon footprint of AI models and systems requires collecting data across multiple layers of the AI lifecycle, including regarding computational resources, electricity consumption, and hardware details.

\n

The consultation seeks input on the accessibility of data required to assess the energy consumption of AI models and systems during both the development (training) and operational (inference) stages, as well as on the suitability of different AI performance indicators. The ultimate goal is to develop a robust and practical industry-informed framework for measuring AI energy consumption and efficiency.

\n

How to participate

\n

Stakeholders can express interest in taking part in this targeted consultation until 25 May. Following validation, all registered participants will automatically receive an anonymous online questionnaire to complete until June 1. (These deadlines were extended from the original dates: May 10 and may 25 respectivelly.) For transparency, you can download the consultation questions below.

\n

To ensure a fair and transparent process, only responses received through the online questionnaire will be considered and reflected in the final summary report. The AI Office will publish a summary of the results of the consultation. Results will be based on aggregated data and respondents will not be directly quoted.

\n

For any question or issues related to this consultation contact CNECT-A3@ec.europa.eu.

\n\n \n

Downloads

\n
\n
\n
\n
Consultation questions - Measuring energy, emissions, and efficiency of AI (.pdf)
\n
\n \n Download \n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Privacy statement - target consulation energy consumption and emissions of AI (.pdf)
\n
\n \n Download \n \n
\n
\n\n \n
\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \n \n
\n
\n \n \n \n
\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n
\n
", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "policy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-14", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022R1925", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Act)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-28", "title": "Proposal for a Directive on adapting civil liability rules to AI (AI Liability Directive)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52023PC0376", "description": "EU legislation: Proposal for a Directive on adapting civil liability rules to AI (AI Liability Directive)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-28", "title": "Regulation establishing the European AI Office", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R0903", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation establishing the European AI Office", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-04-21", "title": "Proposal for a Directive on adapting civil liability to AI", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0207", "description": "EU legislation: Proposal for a Directive on adapting civil liability to AI", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-01", "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/111 on the European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0111", "description": "EU legislation: Regulation (EU) 2023/111 on the European Cybersecurity Certification Scheme", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-12-07", "title": "Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689R(01)", "description": "EU legislation: Corrigendum to Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act)", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Enforcement of Chapter V under the EU AI Act", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/enforcement-of-chapter-v-under-the-eu-ai-act/", "description": "This page aims to provide an overview of the EU AI Act’s enforcement provisions relating to Chapter V, namely the provisions that impose obligations on providers of general-purpose AI (GPAI) models. It also aims to explore the role that other actors can play in the enforcement of the AI Act. Summary", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-30", "title": "Overview of the Code of Practice", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/code-of-practice-overview/", "description": "The Code of Practice offers a clear framework to help developers of General Purpose AI (GPAI) models meet the requirements of the EU AI Act. While providers can choose to follow the Code, they are also free to demonstrate compliance through other appropriate methods. This post provides a concise ove", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-04-25", "title": "Providers of General-Purpose AI Models — What We Know About Who Will Qualify", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/providers-of-general-purpose-ai-models-what-we-know-about-who-will-qualify/", "description": "This content is outdated – Draft guidelines have now been published by the AI Office, which you can learn more about here. On 22 April 2025, the AI Office published preliminary guidelines clarifying the scope of the obligations for providers of GPAI models. These outline seven topics that are expect", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "The AI Act: Responsibilities of the EU Member States", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/responsibilities-of-member-states/", "description": "If you are unsure who is implementing and enforcing the EU AI Act and what the specific time frames are, you might find this post—and our post on the responsibilities of the European Commission (AI Office)—very helpful. The tables below provide you with a comprehensive list of all obligations and ta", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-07", "title": "An Introduction to the Code of Practice for General-Purpose AI", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/introduction-to-code-of-practice/", "description": "Last updated: 14 August 2025. As AI Act implementation gradually unfolds, it is important to understand the different mechanisms of enforcement included in the Regulation. One of the most important is the general-purpose AI Code of Practice, which was developed by the AI Office and a wide range of s", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "The AI Office is hiring", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/the-ai-office-is-hiring/", "description": "The European Commission is recruiting contract agents who are AI technology specialists to govern the most cutting-edge AI models.  Deadline to apply is 12:00 CET on 27 March (application form).  Role This is an opportunity to work in a team within the Directorate-General for Communications Networks", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-10-07", "title": "EU-US Data Privacy Framework", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_3730", "description": "EU-US adequacy decision enabling data transfers with AI processing implications", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "The European approach to artificial intelligence policymaking | Interoperable Europe Portal", "url": "https://interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu/collection/public-sector-tech-watch/document/european-approach-artificial-intelligence-policymaking", "description": "oday, the EU's approach has reached a consolidated status, characterised by a comprehensive governance framework and a set of concrete instruments covering regulation, capability-building and AI adoption. This brief traces the path that led here.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "The European approach to artificial intelligence policymaking", "url": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC146313", "description": "Today, the EU's approach has reached a consolidated status, characterised by a comprehensive governance framework and a set of concrete instruments covering regulation, capability-building and AI adoption.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Parliamentary question | Why is the European Union lagging behind other countries in assessing advanced AI models? | P-001672/2026 | European Parliament", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/P-10-2026-001672_EN.html", "description": "P-10-2026-001672_EN (DOC - 10 KB) European Parliament · 23.4.2026 · Priority question for written answer P-001672/2026 to the Commission Rule 144 Piotr Müller (ECR) The European Union presents itself as a global leader in AI regulation.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - Mythos-Class AI and the Governance Crisis: Toward a Machine-Enforceable Solution", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/mythos-class-ai-and-governance-crisis-toward-machine-enforceable-solution", "description": "About this paper -This paper does not argue for slowing down frontier AI, nor does it advocate restricting access through policy alone. Instead, it introduces a concrete…", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - Cognitive Governance Framework: A Unified Architecture for Non‑Clinical Cognitive Risk in AI Systems", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/cognitive-governance-framework-unified-architecture-non-clinical-cognitive-risk-ai-systems", "description": "The Apply AI Alliance is as a multi-stakeholder forum engaged in large discussion of all aspects of AI development and its impact on the economy and society · Related contributions:", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - From Paper Compliance to Runtime Enforcement: What Deploying AI in European Public Sector Operations Taught Us About the EU AI Act", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/el/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/paper-compliance-runtime-enforcement-what-deploying-ai-european-public-sector-operations-taught-us", "description": "Yet these are precisely the organisations that need the most guidance: they lack dedicated AI compliance teams, they operate under tight budgets, and the August 2026 deadline for high-risk systems applies to them just as much as to large enterprises.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - Realizing the European Commission’s €5 Billion Saving: The Technical Blueprint for AI Act Enforcement", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/realizing-european-commissions-eu5-billion-saving-technical-blueprint-ai-act-enforcement", "description": "As the European Union moves toward the main application date of the AI Act on 2 August 2026, the real implementation challenge is no longer whether AI can be governed on paper, but whether compliance can be enforced at the exact moment an output, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-28", "title": "AI Act Implementation: Timelines & Next steps", "url": "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ai-act-implementation-next-steps/", "description": "In this article we provide an outline of the key dates relevant to the implementation of the AI Act. We also list some secondary legislation that the Commission might add to supplement the AI Act, and some guidelines it may publish to support compliance efforts. Compliance deadlines This timeline wa", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false, "title_zh": "AI法案实施：时间表和下一步", "description_zh": "在本文中，我们提供了与AI法案实施相关的关键日期概述。我们还列出了委员会可能补充AI法案的一些次级立法，以及可能发布的支持合规工作的指南。合规截止日期本时间表为" }, { "title": "Standardisation of the AI Act | Shaping Europe’s digital future", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-act-standardisation", "description": "Seven Digital Europe Programme calls worth €63.2 million open today to support artificial intelligence (AI) in health, digital health, digital skills, and online safety. ... Today, the Commission has opened the call for proposals “DIGITAL-2026-BESTUSE-AWARENESS - Common Research Framework ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI法案标准化 | 塑造欧洲数字未来", "description_zh": "今天启动七项数字欧洲计划，价值6320万欧元，用于支持健康、数字健���、���字技能和在线安全领域的人工智能（AI）。... 今天，委员会启动了提案征集\"DIGITAL-2026-BESTUSE-AWARENESS - 情境感知信息完整性的通用研究框架\"。" }, { "title": "AI Board | Shaping Europe's digital future - European Union", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-board", "description": "The European Artificial Intelligence Board (the "AI Board") is a key advisory body that was created by the AI Act, which took effect on 1 August 2024.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI委员会 | 塑造欧洲数字未来 - 欧盟", "description_zh": "欧洲人工智能委员会（\"AI委员会\"）是AI法案创建的关键咨询机构，该法案于2024年8月1日生效。" }, { "title": "New EU reports mark one year of the AI Continent Action Plan | Interoperable Europe Portal", "url": "https://interoperable-europe.ec.europa.eu/interoperable-europe/news/new-eu-reports-mark-one-year-ai-continent-action-plan", "description": "The PAIR Pathway responds directly to these needs. It complements the AI toolbox by guiding administrations through the full adoption journey, while anchoring AI in European values and focusing efforts where it can deliver the most public value.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "新欧盟报告标志着AI大陆行动计划一周年 | 互联欧洲门户", "description_zh": "PAIR路径直接回应这些需求。它通过引导管理机构完成整个采用旅程来补充AI工具箱，同时将AI anchored 于欧洲价值观，并将工作重点放在能够带来最大公共价值的地方。" }, { "title": "Futurium | Apply AI Alliance - A Framework for Execution-Time AI Governance: The HTTPS of AI Governance", "url": "https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/apply-ai-alliance/community-content/framework-execution-time-ai-governance-https-ai-governance", "description": "Execution-Time AI Governance: The HTTPS of AI GovernanceBefore HTTPS, web security was a gentleman's agreement. Networks were trusted. Servers were taken at their word. Intermediaries were assumed…", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "Futurium | 应用AI联盟 - 执行时AI治理框架：AI治理的HTTPS", "description_zh": "执行时AI治理：AI治理的HTTPS。在HTTPS之前，网络安全是君子协议。网络被信任。服务器被信任其言辞。中间人被假设为可信赖的…" }, { "title": "Commission makes €63.2 million available to support AI innovation in health and online safety", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-makes-eu632-million-available-support-ai-innovation-health-and-online-safety", "description": "Today, the Commission has opened the call for proposals “DIGITAL-2026-BESTUSE-AWARENESS - Common Research Framework for Situational Awareness on Information Integrity” for applications.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "委员会提供6320万欧元支持健康和在线安全领域的AI创新", "description_zh": "今天，委员会启动了提案征集\"DIGITAL-2026-BESTUSE-AWARENESS - 情境感知信息完整性的通用研究框架\"。" }, { "title": "AI Continent Action Plan delivers major milestones | Shaping Europe’s digital future", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/ai-continent-action-plan-delivers-major-milestones", "description": "Building an AI continent continues. The Commission remains committed to supporting AI innovation while ensuring AI in Europe is trustworthy, secure and aligned with democratic values. The European AI Innovation month from 14 October to 17 November 2026 will showcase Europe's progress.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI大陆行动计划达成重要里程碑 | 塑造欧洲数字未来", "description_zh": "建设AI大陆继续进行。委员会仍然致力于支持AI创新，同时确保欧洲的AI值得信赖、安全并符合民主价值观。2026年10月14日至11月17日的欧洲AI创新月将展示欧洲的进展。" }, { "title": "Advancing AI adoption in EU public administrations: Future directions and opportunities under the Apply AI Strategy", "url": "https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC143539", "description": "This report examines future pathways for advancing the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administrations, building on the policy direction outlined in the European Commission’s Apply AI strategy (COM(2025) 723), adopted on ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "推进欧盟公共管理部门采用AI：应用AI战略下的未来方向和机遇", "description_zh": "本报告探讨了推进公共管理部门采用人工智能（AI）的未来路径，基于欧盟委员会应用AI战略（COM(2025) 723）中所述的政策方向，于…通过。" }, { "title": "AI and the euro area economy - European Central Bank", "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2026/html/ecb.sp260323_1~1e06784a89.en.html", "description": "The latest Survey on the Access ... over the next 12 months and that SMEs and large firms alike expect to allocate an average of 9 per cent of their total investment to AI in 2026.[41] Firms already using AI plan to increase ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "AI与欧元区经济 - 欧洲中央银行", "description_zh": "最新的调查显示…在未来12个月内中小企业和大公司都计划将其总投资的9%用于AI。[41] 已经使用AI的公司计划增加…" }, { "title": "Textos aprovados - Simplificação da aplicação das regras harmonizadas em matéria de inteligência artificial (pacote Omnibus Digital sobre IA) - Quinta-feira, 26 de Março de 2026", "url": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2026-0098_PT.html", "description": "We cannot provide a description for this page right now", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true, "title_zh": "批准文本 - 简化人工智能领域统一规则的应用（AI数字简化法案）- 2026年3月26日星期四", "description_zh": "目前无法提供此页面的描述" } ], "entry_count": 36, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "South Dakota", "title": "South Dakota", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-06-02", "title": "South Dakota 2024 Senate Bill 79", "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Session/Bill/24991", "description": "Defines \"computer-generated child pornography\" to include AI-generated depictions indistinguishable from actual minors engaged in prohibited sexual acts.\n\nCriminalizes possession, distribution, and manufacture of child pornography, including AI-generated content, with varying felony classes and mandatory minimum sentences for first and subsequent offenses.\n\nProhibits defenses based on consent or mistaken age, but allows an affirmative defense if the depiction is solely of the person charged.\n...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Delaware", "title": "Delaware", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "Delaware House Bill 333", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail/140866", "description": "Establishes the Delaware Artificial Intelligence (AI) Commission to make legislative and executive recommendations on AI.\n\nMandates the development of statewide AI processes, principles, and guidelines for government agencies.\n\nEncourages the use of AI in agencies to improve service delivery and ensures AI usage does not violate individual rights.\n\nRequires an inventory of Generative AI use within state agencies to identify high-risk areas.\n\nComprises a 19-member commission, with appointments...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2019-07-03", "title": "Delaware House Concurrent Resolution 7 (2019-2020)", "url": "https://legis.delaware.gov/json/BillDetail/GenerateHtmlDocument?legislationId=47166&legislationTypeId=3&docTypeId=2&legislationName=HCR7", "description": "Recognizes the potential impact of robotics, automation, and AI on the workforce and the importance of planning for their effects.\n\nRequires Delaware State Agencies and government branches to implement daily operational and long-term strategic planning to mitigate negative impacts of these technologies.\n\nEncourages consideration of legal and ethical implications in AI development without hindering innovation.\n\nEmphasizes the need for AI applications to prioritize security, ethics, dignity, au...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Wyoming", "title": "Wyoming", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-03-22", "title": "Wyoming House Bill 1", "url": "https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2024/HB0001", "description": "Appropriates $2.5 million for building artificial intelligence expertise at the University of Wyoming, requiring a matching ratio of 1:1 from non-public sources.\n\nSpecifies that the AI-related funding should not be included in the university's standard budget for the next fiscal biennium.\n\nConditions the use of AI funds upon securing matched contributions from individuals, partnerships, corporations, or other entities.\n\nProhibits the transfer or expenditure of AI appropriation for any purpose...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Boise, ID", "title": "Boise, ID", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Boise Regulations 4.30q City Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)", "url": "https://www.cityofboise.org/departments/human-resources/employee-policy-handbook/section-400-general-provisions/430q-city-use-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-regulation/", "description": "Mandates IT Department approval before accessing or acquiring AI products, with a maintained list of approved AI technologies.\n\nRequires fact-checking and reviewing AI-generated content, especially for public communications, to ensure accuracy, proper attribution, and absence of bias or harmful material.\n\nStipulates disclosure of AI usage in significant public communications to build trust and transparency.\n\nProhibits sharing sensitive or private information in AI prompts to prevent unintende...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Alaska", "title": "Alaska", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-03-29", "title": "Alaska Senate Bill No. 177", "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Text/33?Hsid=SB0177A", "description": "Require individuals who know or should know that a communication includes a deepfake depicting a candidate or political party, intended to deceive voters, to include a specific disclosure statement: \"This communication has been manipulated or generated by artificial intelligence.\"\n\nMandate that the statement be audible in audio communications and visible throughout the entirety of print, video, or digital communications.\n\nDefine \"deepfake\" as an image, audio, or video created or manipulated w...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "State governments", "title": "State governments", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-02-15", "title": "Massachusetts Executive Order 629", "url": "https://www.mass.gov/doc/executive-order-629/download", "description": "Establishes an AI Strategic Task Force within the Office of the Governor of Massachusetts to study AI and Generative AI (GenAI) technologies and their impacts on the state.\n\nCharges the Task Force with advising the Governor on making Massachusetts a leader in AI research and development.\n\nRequires the Task Force to identify collaboration opportunities in key industries such as life sciences, healthcare, and finance, and explore public investments in AI.\n\nAdvises on AI-related job creation, as...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Arkansas", "title": "Arkansas", "entries": [ { "date": "2019-04-17", "title": "Arkansas SB 656", "url": "https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?ddBienniumSession=2019%2F2019R&measureno=SB656", "description": "Creates the Data-Sharing and Data-Driven Decision-Making Task Force, comprised of twelve members appointed from the Senate and House of Representatives.\n\nMandates the task force to study and recommend the implementation of a statewide data-sharing system across state agencies.\n\nRequires the task force to evaluate current data management inefficiencies, and propose necessary legislation and funding mechanisms for system implementation. Empowers the task force to hire external consultants if ne...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "UNESCO", "title": "UNESCO", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-11-24", "title": "Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics", "description": "UNESCO's global standard on AI ethics, adopted by 193 member states, covering transparency, accountability, and human rights", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "INTL", "title": "INTL", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-05-21", "title": "Seoul Declaration on AI Safety", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/seoul-ai-safety-summit-leaders-declaration/seoul-declaration-for-safe-innovative-and-inclusive-ai-may-2024", "description": "Seoul AI Safety Summit declaration by 27 countries on safe, innovative, and inclusive AI", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "ISO", "title": "ISO", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-12-18", "title": "ISO/IEC 42001:2023 — Artificial Intelligence Management System", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/81230.html", "description": "International standard for AI management systems, providing a framework for governing AI", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-17", "title": "ISO/IEC 23894:2023 — Artificial Intelligence Risk Management", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/77304.html", "description": "International standard for AI risk management guidance", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "strategy", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "United Nations", "title": "United Nations", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "Compliance of products with embedded artificial intelligence (ECE/TRADE/486)", "url": "https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/2418005_E_ECE_TRADE_486_2WEB.pdf", "description": "Establishes a Common Regulatory Arrangement (CRA) for products with embedded AI to harmonize international standards and regulations, aiming to facilitate market access.\n\nEncourages adoption of the CRA at the national level to converge technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures across borders.\n\nRecommends regulatory objectives to assess risk levels and ensure human oversight in high-risk AI systems, such as medical devices.\n\nAddresses societal impacts by emphasizing the mitiga...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Ecuador", "title": "Ecuador", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-05-26", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Law on the Protection of Personal Data", "url": "https://www.gob.ec/regulaciones/ley-organica-proteccion-datos-personales", "description": "On 26 May 2021, the “Law on the Protection of Personal Data” of Ecuador entered into force. The law created the Data Protection Superintendence as an autonomous data protection authority. The Authority has the power to investigate data protection rights' violations and commit fines between 0,1% and 1% of data controllers' last annual revenue.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Malta", "title": "Malta", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-06-18", "title": "National Implementation of Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market", "url": "https://govcms.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Government%20Gazette/Government%20Notices/Pages/2021/06/GovNotices2206.aspx", "description": "The Minister for the Economy and Industry publishes the Decree that implements the provisions of the Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC (except articles 15 and 17).", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-17", "title": "Maltese Information and Data Protection Commissioner investigation into C-Planet regarding data breach", "url": "https://idpc.org.mt/idpc-publications/idpc-issues-decision-on-cplanet-data-breach/", "description": "On 17 January 2022, the Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) issued the ruling in the investigation into C-Planet. The IDPC stated that C-Planet illegally processed personal and special categories of data, that the company did not implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure data security and that the company failed to notify the IDPC of the breach. C-Planet is sanctioned to pay an administrative fine of EUR 65'000 and to erase illegally processed data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-10-25", "title": "Malta-Philippines Memorandum of Understanding on protection of personal data", "url": "https://idpc.org.mt/idpc-publications/idpc-and-phillipines-regulatory-authority-sign-memorandum-of-understanding/", "description": "On 25 October 2023, the Maltese Information and Data Protection Commissioner (IDPC) and the Philippine Privacy Commissioner signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The IPDC and the Privacy Commissioner aim to increase collaboration and cooperation between the two countries in the field of personal data protection. The IPDC and the Privacy Commissioner commit to a regular information exchange regarding their respective regulatory activity to ensure the rights and protection of the citizens...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-09", "title": "Data protection authority governance in amendments to the Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014 (PDP Act)", "url": "https://ovic.vic.gov.au/newsitem/new-changes-to-victorias-freedom-of-information-and-privacy-laws/", "description": "On 11 September 2024, amendments to the Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014 (PDP Act) under the Justice Legislation Amendment (Integrity, Defamation and Other Matters) Bill 2024 came into force. The Information Commissioner shall be empowered to resolve privacy complaints informally if it has first conducted a preliminary inquiry and consulted with the relevant parties, and has determined that it is reasonably possible to resolve the matter informally. In the event of a resolution, the outco...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-11-09", "title": "Data protection authority governance in amendments to the Freedom of Information Act 1982 (FOI Act)", "url": "https://ovic.vic.gov.au/newsitem/new-changes-to-victorias-freedom-of-information-and-privacy-laws/", "description": "On 11 September 2024, amendments to the Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014 (PDP Act) under the Justice Legislation Amendment (Integrity, Defamation and Other Matters) Bill 2024 came into force. The Act introduces amendments to the obligations of agencies, particularly in relation to the access of documents and the exemptions applicable when an agency is required to consult with a third party. The Information Commissioner shall be empowered to resolve privacy complaints informally, provided ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Albania", "title": "Albania", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-03-11", "title": "Council of Europe recommendations on the processing of personal data in the context of profiling", "url": "https://search.coe.int/cm/pages/result_details.aspx?objectid=0900001680a46147", "description": "The Recommendations on the protection of individuals with regard to automatic processing of personal data in the context of profiling are approved by the members of the Council of Europe. The recommendation defines \"profiling\" any form of automated processing of personal data consisting in the use of data to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to an individual. Particularly, the Council promotes a legally binding use of a “privacy by design” approach during the whole duration of the da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-14", "title": "Albania-Malta Cooperation agreement on cross-border data transfers", "url": "https://www.idp.al/2022/09/14/marreveshje-bashkepunimi-me-autoritein-homolog-te-maltes/", "description": "On 14 September 2022, the Albanian Office of the Information and Data Protection Commissioner announced the signing of a cooperation agreement with Malta's Information and Data Protection Commissioner. The agreement aims to increase cooperation to enable cross-border data transfers and improve the data protection framework in both countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-27", "title": "European Council Model Contractual Clauses for the Transfer of Personal Data under Convention 108", "url": "https://www.coe.int/en/web/data-protection/-/model-contractual-clauses-for-the-transfer-of-personal-data", "description": "On 27 June 2023, the Council of Europe announced it had adopted the Model Contractual Clauses for the Transfer of Personal Data from Controller to Controller under the Amending Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108). The Model Contractual Clauses aim to ensure compliance with the data protection requirements for transferring personal data to a non-party under Convention 108. In particular, the Clauses set ou...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-06-28", "title": "International Statement to Remove Online Child Sexual Abuse Materials", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/69-countries-call-to-remove-online-child-sexual-abuse-materials", "description": "On 28 June 2023, 71 governments signed a call to action statement to proactively remove and combat child sexual exploitation and abuse material online. In particular, governments highlighted the urgent need for action by governments, internet service providers and access providers, and other actors, to protect children from online sexual exploitation and abuse. Further, they stressed the need for common data sets among competent authorities of known child sexual abuse materials and the need t...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-12-21", "title": "UN Advisory Body on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.un.org/en/ai-advisory-body", "description": "On 21 December 2023, the UN Secretary-General's AI Advisory Body published the Interim Report Governing AI for Humanity. The report proposes a global governance framework for AI development, focusing on inclusivity, public interest, data governance, and alignment with international law and the Sustainable Development Goals. The report also outlines the functions of AI governance, including regular assessment of AI's trajectory, harmonising standards, promoting international collaboration, and...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-11-30", "title": "Guidelines on the responsible implementation of artificial intelligence systems in journalism", "url": "https://rm.coe.int/cdmsi-2023-014-guidelines-on-the-responsible-implementation-of-artific/1680adb4c6", "description": "On 30 November 2023, the Council of Europe Intergovernmental Steering Committee on Media and The Information Society (CDMSI) adopted the Guidelines on the responsible implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI)systems in journalism, outlining the responsibilities of AI technology providers in the news media sector. The guidelines emphasise the importance of editorial autonomy in the democratic functioning of news media and recognise the unique risks faced by news media, including legal con...", "categories": [ "Consumer Protection" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-10", "title": "International Counter Ransomware Initiative 2024 Joint Statement", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-safety-canada/news/2024/10/international-counter-ransomware-initiative-2024-joint-statement.html", "description": "On 3 October 2024, the 68 parties to the Fourth International Counter Ransomware Initiative (CRI) Gathering issued a joint declaration reaffirming their commitment to enhance collective resilience against ransomware. The declaration, a result of discussions held in Washington, D.C. from 30 September to 3 October 2024, reaffirms the members' aims of developing cybersecurity capabilities, supporting members during ransomware attacks, countering the misuse of virtual assets in ransomware activit...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Global Privacy Assembly resolution endorsing and encouraging the use of data protection certification mechanisms", "url": "https://globalprivacyassembly.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Resolution-on-Certification-Mechanisms.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) announced that it passed a resolution endorsing and encouraging the use of data protection certification mechanisms as tools to enhance privacy and data protection compliance tools globally. The resolution was passed at the 46th meeting held from 28 October 2024 to 1 November 2024. The GPA endorsed the use of approved certification mechanisms as a means for organisations to demonstrate compliance with privacy and data protection laws. Furt...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-11", "title": "Global Privacy Assembly resolution on principles regarding processing of personal information in neuroscience and neurotechnology", "url": "https://globalprivacyassembly.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Resolution-on-Neurotechnologies.pdf", "description": "On 1 November 2024, the Global Privacy Assembly (GPA) announced that it passed a resolution to address the ethical, legal, and data protection challenges posed by advances in neurosciences and neurotechnology. The resolution emphasised the importance of safeguarding personal data related to brain activity (neurodata) and ensuring that neurotechnology respects human rights, dignity, and privacy. It states that the processing of neurodata should respect privacy laws and only be allowed under sp...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "title": "New Delhi AI Impact Summit Declaration", "url": "https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/40809", "description": "On 20 February 2026, 87 countries, including Australia, the Philippines, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, the European Union, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development, endorsed the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Impact Summit Declaration, setting out a shared and voluntary international framework for advancing inclusive, trustworthy, and development-oriented AI. The Declaration applies across the AI ecosystem, including AI developers, deployers, and users in sectors including infra...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "title": "Joint statement on AI generated imagery", "url": "https://ico.org.uk/media2/fb1br3d4/20260223-iewg-joint-statement-on-ai-generated-imagery.pdf", "description": "On 23 February 2026, 61 Data Protection Authorities, including those from Australia, Spain, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, and the European Data Protection Board, adopted a joint statement raising concerns about Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that generate realistic images and videos of identifiable individuals without consent. The statement focuses on organisations that develop or use AI content-generation systems. It notes that such tools enable non-consensual ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 11, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Hong Kong", "title": "Hong Kong", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-11-18", "title": "PCPD guidance on Personal Information Protection Law of Mainland China", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/tc_chi/resources_centre/publications/books/files/pcpd_china_pipl_book2021.pdf", "description": "On 18 November 2021, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hong Kong's personal data protection body, has published its guidance on the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) in force in mainland China from 1 November 2021. Alongside an overview of the PIPL's provisions, the guidance contains a comparison between the PIPL and the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance that is in force in Hong Kong.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-07-13", "title": "Hong Kong-Singapore Memorandum of Understanding on personal data protection collaboration", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20220713.html", "description": "On 13 July 2022, the Hong Kong Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data and Singapore’s Personal Data Protection Commission announced the renewal of their Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on personal data protection collaboration. The first MoU was signed by both agencies on 31 May 2019. According to the renewed MoU, the agencies will share information on data protection regulations enforcement, collaborate in cross-border investigations and work on training programmes.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-30", "title": "PCPD Guidance on Data Security Measures for ICT", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/resources_centre/publications/files/guidance_datasecurity_e.pdf", "description": "On 30 August 2022, the Hong Kong Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) published the Guidance Note on Data Security Measures for information and communications technology (ICT). In particular, the guidance lists the security measures that should be implemented and taken into consideration in the risk assessment of new systems and includes guidance regarding technical and operational security measures, remedial actions in the event of data security incidents, monitoring, ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-05-22", "title": "Philippines and Hong Kong Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation on Data Protection Matters", "url": "https://privacy.gov.ph/ph-hk-sign-mou-on-personal-data-protection/", "description": "On 22 May 2023, the National Privacy Commission (NPC) of the Philippines and the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) of Hong Kong signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish cooperation in the field of data protection. Under this MoU, both authorities will extend mutual assistance in investigations concerning cross-border data incidents and breaches, while also facilitating the sharing of information between them. Additionally, the NPC and PCPD will collabo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-10", "title": "PCPD investigation into ZA Bank Limited concerning data protection", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/enforcement/commissioners_findings/files/r23_20950_e.pdf", "description": "On 9 October 2023, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) Hong Kong closed its investigation into ZA Bank Limited, Hong Kong's first virtual bank, concerning compliance with data protection laws. The PDPC's investigation found that ZA Bank complies with data protection principles for most parts, but it recommended several improvements, such as strengthening data processor management, enhancing data loss prevention system monitoring, limiting staff access to customer d...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-05-22", "title": "PCPD investigation into Worldcoin project", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20240522.html", "description": "On 22 May 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) in Hong Kong concluded its investigation into the Worldcoin project, finding multiple contraventions of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO). The PCPD's findings highlighted that Worldcoin's collection of face and iris images for creating digital passports and distributing cryptocurrency tokens violated data protection principles concerning necessity, fairness, transparency, retention, and individuals’ rig...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-21", "title": "PCPD Investigations into the Impact of the Development or Use of Artificial Intelligence on Personal Data Privacy", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20240221.html", "description": "On 21 February 2024, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) concluded investigations into 28 local organisations. The investigations, conducted from August 2023 to February 2024, aimed to identify the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development and use on personal data privacy. The investigations covered various sectors, including telecommunications, finance and insurance, retail, transportation, education, and government departments. The PCPD found that...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-08-19", "title": "HKMA Circular on consumer protection regarding use of Generative Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/doc/key-information/guidelines-and-circular/2024/20240819e1.pdf", "description": "On 19 August 2024 the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) issued a circular with guiding principles for consumer protection with respect to the use of generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in customer-facing applications. The circular builds on the “Consumer Protection in respect of Use of Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence by Authorized Institutions” of 5 November 2019 (2019 BDAI Guiding Principles) and sets out additional principles to ensure appropriate safeguards for cons...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "HKMA Guideline on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Monitoring of Suspicious Activities", "url": "https://www.hkma.gov.hk/media/eng/doc/key-information/guidelines-and-circular/2024/20240909e1.pdf", "description": "On 9 September 2024, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) issued a Guideline on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Monitoring of Suspicious Activities, encouraging authorised institutions in the financial sector to adopt artificial intelligence (AI) systems for monitoring suspicious activities related to money laundering and terrorist financing. The Guideline points out that monitoring systems using AI can take into account a broad range of contextual information and can be more effect...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-10-15", "title": "PCPD statement on LinkedIn's use of personal data for training generative AI models", "url": "https://www.pcpd.org.hk/english/news_events/media_statements/press_20241015.html", "description": "On 15 October 2024, the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD) welcomed LinkedIn's decision to pause the use of Hong Kong user's personal data for training generative AI models. This decision follows concerns raised by the PCPD regarding LinkedIn's default opt-in setting, in response to which LinkedIn confirmed it would suspend data usage while addressing the issues. PCPD highlighted that it will continue to monitor the situation to ensure the privacy of Hong Kong users is protected.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 10, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Lithuania", "title": "Lithuania", "entries": [ { "date": "2021-12-29", "title": "Standard contractual clauses for personal data processing agreements", "url": "https://vdai.lrv.lt/en/news/state-data-protection-inspectorate-has-approved-the-standard-contractual-clauses", "description": "The State Data Protection Inspectorate of the Republic of Lithuania has approved the standard contractual clauses of personal data processing agreements drafted in accordance with Article 28(8), Article 57(1)(j), and Article 58(3)(g) of the General Data Protection Regulation. These clauses are intended to assist data controllers and data processors in determining what requirements apply to personal data processing agreements entered into between them in accordance with Article 28(3) of the GD...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-09-16", "title": "Investigation into Revolut's data breach", "url": "https://vdai.lrv.lt/lt/naujienos/valstybine-duomenu-apsaugos-inspekcija-pradejo-tyrima-del-revolut-asmens-duomenu-saugumo-pazeidimo", "description": "On 16 September 2022, the State Data Protection Inspectorate (SDPI) announced its investigation into Revolut’s data breach. The investigation was opened after the company notified the authority about a data breach that took place on 11 September 2022. The attack, carried out with social engineering methods, caused the breach of the data of 50’150 customers around the world, including 20’687 in the European Economic Area, whose names, addresses, and e-mails may have been affected. The SDPI not...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-07", "title": "State Data Protection Inspectorate investigation into Vinted for allegedly violating General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)", "url": "https://vdai.lrv.lt/en/news/a-company-operating-an-online-second-hand-clothing-trading-and-exchange-platform-is-fined-under-the-general-data-protection-regulation/", "description": "On 3 July 2024, the Lithuanian State Data Protection Inspectorate (SDPI) issued a ruling concerning its investigation into Vinted over violating the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and imposed a fine of EUR 2'385'276. The fine followed complaints from French and Polish authorities regarding the company's handling of the right to erasure and right of access requests. The investigation found Vinted guilty of unlawful, unfair, and non-transparent data processing practices, including “s...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-07-17", "title": "Poland-Lithuania cooperation agreement on cybersecurity", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/wzmacniamy-wspolprace-z-litwa-w-dziedzinie-cyberbezpieczenstwa", "description": "On 17 July 2023, Poland and Lithuania announced the signing of a cooperation agreement to enhance cooperation in cybersecurity, focusing on the exchange of information and combating disinformation. The cooperation agreement aims to counter cyber threats, particularly those aimed at destabilising NATO and the EU and affecting infrastructure. The parties agreed to cooperate on digitalisation, modern technologies, and the development of broadband networks and 5G internet access.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Slovenia", "title": "Slovenia", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-07-27", "title": "Memorandum of Understanding to promote cooperation in Information and Communications Technology", "url": "https://www.gov.si/en/news/2022-07-28-memorandum-of-understanding-in-the-field-of-cyber-security-signed-between-slovenia-and-ukraine/", "description": "On 27 July 2022, Slovenia and Ukraine signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on cybersecurity. According to the MoU, the countries will strengthen collaboration in several cybersecurity areas, exchange information and share best practices for addressing cyber incidents. Furthermore, it was stated that the countries will work on legislative and judicial proposals relating to information and communications technology (ICT) and scientific projects.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-10", "title": "Data protection investigation regarding GPS tracking", "url": "https://edpb.europa.eu/news/national-news/2022/safety-property-can-be-legitimate-interest-gps-tracking-measure-must-be_en", "description": "On 4 October 2022, the Slovenian Supervisory Authority issued a decision on a case regarding the use of GPS tracking by a data controller in several company vehicles after a series of thefts. The data controller had stated that GPS tracking did not constitute data processing and that there had not been any access to the personal data of employees using the vehicles. The authority determined that maintaining the safety of property may constitute a legitimate interest of the data controller, bu...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-11", "title": "Slovenia: Electronic Communications Act", "url": "http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO8611#", "description": "On 10 November 2022, the Slovenian Electronic Communications Act (ZEKom-2) entered into force. The Act incorporates EU Directive 2018/1972 on the European Electronic Communications Code; Directive 2002/58/EC on privacy and electronic communications; Directive 2002/77/EC on competition in markets for electronic communication networks and services; and Directive 2014/61/EU on measures to reduce the costs of setting up high-speed electronic communications networks.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "title": "Act implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of European Parliament on laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence", "url": "https://e-uprava.gov.si/si/drzava-in-druzba/e-demokracija/predlogi-predpisov/predlog-predpisa.html?id=17671&lang=si", "description": "On 21 August 2025, the Government of the Republic of Slovenia adopted the Draft Act on the Implementation of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament on laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI). The Act applies to providers, deployers and other operators of high-risk AI systems. The Act designates ministries and agencies as notifying authorities, and tasks the Agency for Communications Networks and Services with maintaining a public register of high-risk AI sys...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 4, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Cuba", "title": "Cuba", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-02-21", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 149)", "url": "https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/sites/default/files/goc-2022-o90_0.pdf", "description": "On 21 February 2023, the Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 149) including provisions for cross-border data transfer comes into force 180 days after its publication in the Official Gazette. The Act outlines five specific reasons for data transfers outside the country. The cross-border data transfer is therefore only allowed in the case of international judicial cooperation, exchange of medical data when necessary for the treatment of the data subject, bank or stock exchange transfers about the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-02-21", "title": "Cybersecurity requirements in Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 149)", "url": "https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.cu/sites/default/files/goc-2022-o90_0.pdf", "description": "On 21 February 2023, the Personal Data Protection Law (Ley 149) comes into force 180 days after its publication in the Official Gazette. The Act states that entities collecting and storing personal data have to implement preventive and responsive security measures to ensure the protection of the data collected. Furthermore, the Act specifies that entities must implement technical measures to allow for processing personal data in electronic form and notify the authorities of data breaches.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Namibia", "title": "Namibia", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Data protection obligations in Data Protection Act, 2021", "url": "https://mict.gov.na/documents/32978/1376285/Data+Protection+Draft+Bill++March+2022....pdf/7c91ff30-2ec4-4ed2-99de-e09ac46466d8", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Namibian Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) closed its public consultation on the draft Data Protection Bill including data protection obligations. The Bill sets out data protection obligations of data controllers and processors concerning the personal data of both individuals and children. The Bill also defines data subject rights, including the right to be informed about data collection and the rights to access and correct personal data. Fur...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2022-11-30", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Data Protection Act, 2021", "url": "https://mict.gov.na/documents/32978/1376285/Data+Protection+Draft+Bill++March+2022....pdf/7c91ff30-2ec4-4ed2-99de-e09ac46466d8", "description": "On 30 November 2022, the Namibian Ministry of Information and Communication Technology (MICT) closed its public consultation on the draft Data Protection Bill including cybersecurity regulation. The Bill would oblige data controllers to take appropriate and reasonable measures to prevent the loss of or unauthorised access to personal data in its possession, including continual risk assessment and the implementation of safeguards. Furthermore, the Bill would require data controllers to ensure ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Chinese Taipei", "title": "Chinese Taipei", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-08-30", "title": "Administrative Measures for the Security Maintenance of Personal Data Files in the Dating Service Industry", "url": "https://gazette2.nat.gov.tw/EG_FileManager/eguploadpub/eg028164/ch02/type1/gov10/num2/Eg.htm", "description": "On 30 August 2022, the Taiwanese Ministry of Interior issued Administrative Measures for the Security Maintenance of Personal Data Files in the Dating Service Industry including dating websites or mobile applications. Companies affected are defined as business operators whose purpose is to provide services to match two parties for mutual acquaintance and communication, and to collect remuneration. The measures stipulate that the industry must have a personal data file security maintenance pl...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-20", "title": "Financial Supervisory Commission guidelines on use of AI in financial industry", "url": "https://www.fsc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=96&parentpath=0,2&mcustomize=news_view.jsp&dataserno=202406200001&dtable=News", "description": "On 20 June 2024, the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) adopted guidelines for the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial industry. The guidelines aim to encourage financial institutions to utilise technology effectively, prioritise responsible innovation, apply trustworthy AI, and develop financial services that address the needs of the public. The guideline provides for a clear division of responsibilities with third-party operators and details supervisory measures and exa...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2025-02-18", "title": "Bill amending Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/4b6fdd7e-c73e-4028-b293-64a3b2427556", "description": "On 18 February 2025, the Personal Data Protection Committee (PDPC) closes its consultation on draft amendments to the Personal Data Protection Act. The proposed changes aim to establish an independent supervision mechanism for personal data protection, as mandated by Constitutional Court Judgment No. 13 of 2011. Provisions include requiring public and designated private entities to appoint data protection officers, setting obligations for incident management and reporting, and clarifying over...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "Fair Trade Commission's inquiry on generative Artificial Intelligence and competition policy", "url": "https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/english/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=179&docid=18159", "description": "On 7 September 2025, Taiwan's Fair Trade Commission closes the public consultation paper on generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and competition policy. The consultation applies to Taiwan's AI industry, including hardware suppliers, model developers, and application deployers. The consultation seeks input on four competition law areas, including market dominance abuse, concerted actions, market concentration, and unfair competition practices in the AI sector.", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Personal Data File Security Maintenance Management Regulations", "url": "https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/5860d092-ac75-48ba-abd8-fdac12bd00df", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Preparatory Office of the Personal Data Protection Commission closes the public consultation on the Draft Personal Data File Security Maintenance Management Regulations, which had been open since 22 January 2026. The Draft Regulations establish a unified framework for the security maintenance and management of personal data files held by public agencies and non-public agencies. The Regulations set out general security management practices for all entities, including esta...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "title": "Amendments to Certain Provisions of the Enforcement Rules of the Personal Data Protection Act", "url": "https://join.gov.tw/policies/detail/7c247cf0-664d-4402-8a27-fd620119deea", "description": "On 23 March 2026, the Preparatory Office of the Personal Data Protection Commission closes the public consultation on the Draft Amendments to Certain Provisions of the Enforcement Rules of the Personal Data Protection Act, which had been open since 22 January 2026. The Draft proposes deleting provisions on appropriate security maintenance measures, appropriate methods of notifying data subjects, internal personal data security maintenance rules for public bodies, and designated personnel requ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false }, { "title": "Digital services tax regulation in United States-Chinese Taipei on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/february/ambassador-greer-oversees-signing-us-taiwan-agreement-reciprocal-trade", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the United States and Chinese Taipei signed the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on digital services taxes under the auspices of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) in the United States. Under Article 4.1, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) shall not impose digital services taxes, or similar taxes, that discriminate against American enterprises in law or in ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "title": "Cybersecurity cooperation in United States-Chinese Taipei Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/february/ambassador-greer-oversees-signing-us-taiwan-agreement-reciprocal-trade", "description": "On 12 February 2026, the United States and Chinese Taipei signed the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade including provisions on cybersecurity under the auspices of the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) and the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) in the United States. According to Article 4.2, the parties agree to collaborate to address cybersecurity challenges.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 8, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Iceland", "title": "Iceland", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-11-01", "title": "DPA investigation of Google on search engine results and the right to be forgotten", "url": "https://www.personuvernd.is/urlausnir/birting-leitarnidurstadna-i-leitarvel-google-2", "description": "On 11 January 2023, the Icelandic Data Protection Authority issued a ruling in an investigation (case no. 2021101963) concerning the right to be forgotten under the GDPR in relation to Google search results. In the case in question, the complainant requested the removal from Google's search results of an article detailing a non-criminal incident involving the complainant, while Google argued that it was in the public interest for the article to continue to appear in its search results. Accord...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2026-01-03", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in European Free Trade Association-Singapore Digital Economy Agreement", "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/166/bbfbdd0e-7032-442f-96ae-0f4e44f0853e/MTI%20press%20release%20on%20ESDEA%20entry%20into%20force%20for%20Singapore%20and%20Norway.pdf", "description": "On 1 March 2026, the Singapore-European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Digital Economy Agreement entered into force for Singapore and Norway. The Agreement applies to firms engaged in cross-border digital trade, including e-payments, cloud services, and digital platforms, with a focus on supporting small and medium enterprises. The agreement aims to facilitate open and secure data flows, prohibit customs duties on electronic transmissions, and promote paperless trade. It also seeks to ensure i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Antigua & Barbuda", "title": "Antigua & Barbuda", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-07-17", "title": "Cross-border data transfer regulation in EU-Latin America and Caribbean Digital Alliance", "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_23_3892", "description": "On 17 July 2023, the European Commission has published the EU-LAC Joint Declaration on a Digital Alliance. The European Union (EU) and a group of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have established the EU-LAC Digital Alliance to deepen their partnership in the digital domain. This informal framework aims to facilitate cooperation and dialogue between governments, agencies, and other stakeholders from both regions. The Alliance focuses on various digital areas, including policy dialo...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Georgia", "title": "Georgia", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-03-20", "title": "Georgia Data Privacy Act (HB 798)", "url": "https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/65484", "description": "On 20 March 2023, the Georgia Data Privacy Act (HB 798) was introduced to the Georgia House of Representatives. The Georgia Data Privacy Act proposes an amendment to Chapter 1 of Title 10 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated. It aims to prohibit manufacturers of consumer electronic devices from allowing consumers to opt out of certain data collection by third parties unless the consumer can opt out of the same data collection carried out by the manufacturer. Further, the Bill provides de...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-23", "title": "PDPS investigation into Yandex.Go App regarding possible unlawful personal data processing", "url": "https://pdps.ge/en/content/980/5337/Decision-Concerning-Illegal-International-Data-Transfer-by-Ltd-%22Raidtech-Georgia%22--Yandex-GO-Yandex-Pro-", "description": "On 23 September 2024, the Georgian Personal Data Protection Service (PDPS) issued a ruling fining Raidtech Georgia Ltd. (Yandex GO/Yandex Pro) GEL 4'000 for illegally transferring personal data of Georgian customers (drivers and passengers) to servers located in Russia. During the investigation, it was found that the app was connected to Russian servers, exposing the global network address (IP address) of users from Georgia. The company had previously requested permission to transfer data to ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-01-30", "title": "Data Protection Authority inquiry into protection of personal data of minors", "url": "https://personaldata.ge/ka/press/post/9629", "description": "On 30 January 2024, the Data Protection Authority adopted a report on the protection of minors' personal data to outline the international standards for the rights of minors in a digital environment that should be adopted in national legislation. It provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and foundations of data processing, the child's personal data protection rights, and the concept of \"best interest in the child\". The report also includes an audit of the school system, highlight...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Andorra", "title": "Andorra", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-08-05", "title": "Ibero-American Network investigation into ChatGPT data processing practices", "url": "https://www.redipd.org/es/noticias/autoridades-red-iberoamericana-de-proteccion-de-datos-personales-inician-accion-chatgpt", "description": "On 8 May 2023, the Ibero-American Network for the Protection of Personal Data (RIPD) adopted coordinated measures regarding the investigation into OpenAI's platform ChatGPT data processing practices. The RIPD alleges that the ChatGPT platform may pose risks to users' rights and freedoms. The data protection authorities that are part of RIPD will asses the ChatGPT legal basis for processing personal data, compliance with transparency requirements regarding the processing, potential transfers o...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Iraq", "title": "Iraq", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-12-08", "title": "Ministry of Communications investigation into Telegram", "url": "https://moc.gov.iq/?article=466", "description": "On 12 August 2023, Iraq's Ministry of Communications (MOC) announced that the suspension of the Telegram app in Iraq will be lifted on 13 August 2023 based on the Prime Minister's instructions and the company's response and cooperation. The suspension order was taken based on concerns over the protection of users' personal data and national security.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Slovakia", "title": "Slovakia", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-06-15", "title": "Slovak Republic Ratification of the Council of Europe Convention No. 108 on Data Protection (CETS 223 Protocol)", "url": "https://dataprotection.gov.sk/uoou/sk/content/ratifikacia-ulozenie-ratifikacnych-listin-protokolu-cets-223", "description": "On 15 June 2023, Slovakia ratified the amending protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to the Processing of Personal Data (CETS 223). Slovakia is the 25th country to ratify the updated version. The CETS 223 is a legally binding agreement aimed at harmonising and aligning regulations related to personal data processing. The Convention aims to ensure robust protection for individuals' privacy. To come into effect, 13 more countries need to ratify CETS 223.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-07-24", "title": "Content moderation regulation in Law No. 264/2022 on Media Services", "url": "https://www.slov-lex.sk/ezbierky/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2022/264/20240724.html#error=login_required&state=3bc7945c-4a8a-4a83-b8d6-8a2df05daebf", "description": "On 24 July 2024, the Law on Media Services (Law No. 264/2022 Coll.), which establishes binding obligations for video-sharing platforms to address harmful online content, enters into force. The Law applies to providers that are established in Slovakia or maintain a stable and effective economic presence in the country. Platforms must take appropriate measures to restrict or remove content that incites violence, promotes terrorism, encourages hatred, or endangers the physical, mental, or moral ...", "categories": [ "Content Moderation" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Jamaica", "title": "Jamaica", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-01-12", "title": "Business Registration Requirement in Data Protection Act 2020", "url": "https://oic.gov.jm/press-release/six-month-grace-period-data-controller-registration-under-data-protection-act", "description": "On 1 December 2023, the Jamaican Data Protection Act, 2020 entered into force. The Act requires data controllers to register with the Office of the Information Commissioner (OIC). The OIC has determined that all data controllers will have a six-month grace period to comply with the registration requirement under the Act.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Malawi", "title": "Malawi", "entries": [ { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "Data protection authority governance in Malawi Data Protection Bill 2023", "url": "https://parliament.gov.mw/uploads/doc_bills/doc_bills_87718172-12d2-4a15-a397-9ec52ec079b81701965503149.pdf", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Data Protection Bill 2023 was introduced in the Malawi Parliament. The Act establishes the Malawi Communication Regulatory Authority as the designated data protection authority. The Authority would be responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the Act’s obligations and determine the countries providing adequate data protection standards for cross-border data transfers.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2023-07-12", "title": "Cybersecurity regulation in Malawi Data Protection Bill 2023", "url": "https://parliament.gov.mw/uploads/doc_bills/doc_bills_87718172-12d2-4a15-a397-9ec52ec079b81701965503149.pdf", "description": "On 7 December 2023, the Data Protection Bill 2023 was introduced in the Malawi Parliament. The Bill requires data controllers and processors \"to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure the security of personal data\". The personal data must be pseudonymised, encrypted, and available and accessible in case of an incident. Data controllers are subject to a 72-hour notification period in case of a data breach. Further, periodic risk assessments of the data processing...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Luxembourg", "title": "Luxembourg", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-01-15", "title": "CNPD Public Consultation on AI-related Issues", "url": "https://cnpd.public.lu/en/actualites/national/2024/01/ia-appel-contributions-jan2024.html", "description": "On 15 January 2024, the National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD) of Luxembourg announced that, in order to help meet the challenges faced by entities in the country when developing or integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into their operations and products, it was looking to develop appropriate guidelines and tools to support stakeholders using AI to meet their personal data protection obligations. The CNPD has also issued an open call for contributions on the application, developmen...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "title": "Law implementing AI Act (Regulation 2024/1689)", "url": "https://www.chd.lu/fr/dossier/8476", "description": "On 23 December 2024, the law implementing provisions of the Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, which lays down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (AI), was introduced to the Chamber of Deputies. The objective of this regulation is to ensure the safe and ethical development and use of AI within the European Union. The law implementing the Act establishes various national authorities in Luxembourg with responsibilities for overseeing AI systems. Specifically, the law designates multiple author...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-03-02", "title": "National Commission for Data Protection guidelines on use of DeepSeek", "url": "https://cnpd.public.lu/fr/actualites/national/2025/02/deepseek.html", "description": "On 3 February 2025, the National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD) adopted guidelines on the use of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool DeepSeek R1. It raised concerns about data protection risks, including DeepSeek's lack of sufficient safeguards for personal data protection. It highlighted that the AI model, developed in China, does not comply with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and offers no clear framework for data rights or security. It highlighted that DeepSeek's da...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Somalia", "title": "Somalia", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-03-02", "title": "Somalia DPA Guidance on Data Protection Regulation Implementation", "url": "https://dpa.gov.so/assets/legal/regulations/DPA%20implementation.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2024, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) of Somalia published the Guidance on Data Protection Regulation Implementation. The Guidance provides concrete advice and practical steps which organisations can take to ensure compliance with Somalia's Data Protection Regulation. For example, the Guidance suggests raising awareness within the organisation, creating a data inventory, carrying out a risk evaluation, and developing a roadmap. The Guidance also explains key terms and obliga...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-03-02", "title": "Somalia DPA Guidance on Data Protection Act 2023", "url": "https://dpa.gov.so/assets/legal/guidlines/DPA%20Guidance.pdf", "description": "On 3 February 2024, the Data Protection Authority (DPA) of Somalia published the Guidance on the Data Protection Act 2023. The Guidance sets out the contents, scope, key definitions, and obligations under the Act. Further, the Guidance explains the various data subject rights under the Act and sets out the contents of impact assessments.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-02-24", "title": "Establishment of Data Protection Authority of Somalia", "url": "", "description": "On 24 February 2024, Somalia's Data Protection Authority (DPA) was officially inaugurated. The role of the DPA will be to oversee the implementation and enforcement of the Data Protection Act, which was passed in March 2023. Further, the DPA will be responsible for formulating national regulations related to data protection and privacy.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true, "url_missing_official": true } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Afghanistan", "title": "Afghanistan", "entries": [ { "date": "2026-03-30", "title": "Decision on WTO E-commerce Moratorium", "url": "https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/MIN24/W26R1.pdf&Open=True", "description": "On 30 March 2026, the Moratorium on Customs Duties on Electronic Transmissions was terminated following the conclusion of the World Trade Organisation’s Ministerial Conference, which ended without consensus to extend the measure. The moratorium had provided for a temporary commitment among WTO members not to impose customs duties on electronic transmissions, thereby maintaining a duty-free environment for cross-border digital deliveries. Its scope covered electronically transmitted products a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-03-21", "title": "UN Artificial Intelligence Resolution", "url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/03/1147831?_gl=1*12f8r6i*_ga*OTIxNDE1NDEuMTcxMTA5MDYxNw..*_ga_TK9BQL5X7Z*MTcxMTA5MDYxNi4xLjAuMTcxMTA5MDYxNi4wLjAuMA..", "description": "On 21 March 2024, the United Nations (UN) adopted a resolution concerning Artificial Intelligence (AI). The resolution aims to promote safe, secure, and trustworthy AI systems to accelerate progress towards the full realisation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The resolution emphasises the importance of respecting, protecting, and promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the life cycle of artificial intelligence systems while also encouraging the private secto...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "UNESCO Regulatory Approaches for AI", "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-launches-open-consultation-inform-ai-governance", "description": "On 19 September 2024, UNESCO closed its consultation on the “Consultation Paper on AI Regulation: Emerging Approaches Across the World”. In particular, the paper aims to contribute to the global discussion about whether and how to regulate the development and use of AI systems, to introduce key concepts of AI regulation, and to present a global landscape of AI regulation. Furthermore, the paper aims to inform on the nine emerging approaches to regulating the value chains of artificial intelli...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2024-09-22", "title": "OECD-UN enhanced collaboration on Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2024/09/oecd-and-un-announce-next-steps-in-collaboration-on-artificial-intelligence.html", "description": "On 22 September 2024, the OECD and UN have announced their enhanced collaboration on global Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance, as revealed during a meeting at the UN's Summit of the Future in New York. Ulrik Vestergaard Knudsen, OECD Deputy Secretary-General, and Amandeep Singh Gill, UN Under-Secretary-General and Technology Envoy, highlighted the need for cohesive, real-time policy responses to the rapid development and impact of AI. This partnership aims to combine the OECD's technica...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2024-06-11", "title": "UN resolution on implications of artificial intelligence in military domain", "url": "https://press.un.org/en/2024/gadis3757.doc.htm", "description": "On 6 November 2024, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly First Committee adopted a resolution on the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the military domain, proposed by the Netherlands and South Korea. The resolution addresses risks such as accountability for AI errors, trust in AI decision-making, and the prevention of an AI-driven arms race. Originating from the REAIM conferences in 2023 and 2024, the resolution outlines a framework for international standards governing AI ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 5, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "JO", "title": "Jordan", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-08-04", "title": "Personal Data Protection Law No. 24 of 2023", "url": "https://www.modee.gov.jo/AR/ListDetails/الاستشارات_العامة_والاستبيانات/15/1082", "description": "On 8 April 2024, the Ministry of Digital Economy and Leadership in Jordan closed its public consultation on the draft Personal Data Protection Law No. 24 of 2023. The draft establishes circumstances under which data processing can occur without obtaining explicit consent from the individuals concerned. This includes situations where processing is necessary for the legitimate interests of the data controller and when it's impractical or involves disproportionate effort to communicate with the...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": "400" }, { "id": "Vatican", "title": "Vatican", "entries": [ { "date": "2024-04-30", "title": "General Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data (Decree No. DCLVII)", "url": "https://www.vaticanstate.va/phocadownload/leggi-decreti/normativa-generale/N.%20DCLVII.pdf", "description": "On 30 April 2024, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State promulgated the General Regulation on the Protection of Personal Data (Decree No. DCLVII), which came into effect on the same day. The Regulation is based on the fundamental principles and essential requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It was promulgated as an \"ad experimentum\" for a three-year period. According to the Regulation, the processing of personal data requires a legitimate purpose and the c...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Latvia", "title": "Latvia", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-01-21", "title": "Law on the development of artificial intelligence (Bill No. 811/Lp14)", "url": "https://titania.saeima.lv/LIVS14/saeimalivs14.nsf/webSasaiste?OpenView&restricttocategory=811/Lp14", "description": "On 21 January 2025, the Law on the development of artificial intelligence (AI) was introduced at the Parliament of Latvia. It aims to create a legal framework for AI collaboration between the public, private, and academic sectors while ensuring ethical, responsible, and secure AI applications. Provision is the establishment of the Latvian National Artificial Intelligence Centre, which will coordinate AI development, and investment, and promote Latvian language integration in AI models. The Ce...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "law", "is_official": false }, { "date": "2025-02-25", "title": "Data State Inspectorate Guidance on Data Protection Impact Assessment (NIDA)", "url": "https://www.dvi.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/izstradatas-vadlinijas-nida-veiksanai?mkt_tok=MTM4LUVaTS0wNDIAAAGY54_aGgl-Knn0Dkyg2VkiRHLy5OhtyYt0HshbJtfw8OuVuHBwMEgWoBFDuUg9HVhbOm0yZGaqRSTsx-cSppnhRFGASDibXkdZkOwiMUPZsFm51g", "description": "On 25 February, the Latvian Data State Inspectorate published guidelines on conducting Data Protection Impact Assessments (NIDA). The guidelines delineate the process for identifying and managing risks associated with personal data processing, emphasising the importance of compliance with data protection principles and regulations. The document provides detailed instructions on assessing the legality and necessity of data processing activities, identifying potential risks, and implementing me...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 2, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Rwanda", "title": "Rwanda", "entries": [ { "date": "2022-03-10", "title": "Ministry of Information Communication Technology and Innovation inquiry into AI readiness", "url": "https://www.minict.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=85301&token=f82bac29a37d38769b37b356f37d137cb9eede03", "description": "On 3 October 2022, the Ministry of Information Communication Technology and Innovation (MINICT) released the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Readiness and Maturity Framework for Rwanda, a framework designed to monitor and advance the country's capabilities in artificial intelligence. This framework, developed in collaboration with the Center for the 4th Industrial Revolution (C4IR) and supported by GIZ's \"FAIR Forward - Artificial Intelligence for all\" initiative, aims to align Rwanda's AI devel...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-03-31", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority's Data Protection Office", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/ncsa-officially-launches-its-data-protection-office/", "description": "On 31 March 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) established its data protection office (DPO). The DPO is tasked with overseeing the implementation of Law No. 058/2021 relating to the protection of personal data and privacy. The NCSA's DPO will manage the registration of data controllers and processors, investigate complaints, conduct data compliance audits, and promote awareness of data protection laws.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-01-20", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority's guide on personal data protection and privacy", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/faq-personal-data-protection-and-privacy-law/", "description": "On 20 January 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published a guide on personal data protection and privacy. According to the guide, the law applies to entities within and outside Rwanda that process the personal data of individuals in Rwanda. It defines data processing, requires data controllers to register, and provides a compliance period until 15 October 2023. The law distinguishes between personal and sensitive personal data, emphasises privacy, and includes special provis...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2023-09-29", "title": "Rwanda-Singapore Memorandum of Understanding on mutual socio-economic development", "url": "https://www.rwandainsingapore.gov.rw/info/info-details/rwanda-singapore-sign-mou-on-mutual-socio-economic-development#:~:text=The%20five%2Dyear%20MoU%20will,Rwanda%20as%20it%20moves%20forward.%22", "description": "On 29 September 2023, Rwanda and Singapore signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Mutual Socio-Economic Development. This five-year MoU aims to enhance cooperation in areas such as cybersecurity and information technology. The MoU follows a previous collaboration that supported Rwanda's institutional development and digitisation, enabling further technological advancements between the two countries.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-04-28", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance on children's data processing", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/how-does-the-data-protection-and-privacy-law-protect-childrens-data-2/", "description": "On 28 April 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on children's data processing. The Data Protection and Privacy Law No. 058/2021 recognises that children may not fully understand the risks of sharing personal data and it includes additional safeguards. Article 9 specifies that processing a child's personal data under the age of 16 requires consent from a parent or guardian, and this consent must be in the child's best interest. However, consent is not needed i...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-10-08", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance on right to object", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/personal-data-protection-and-privacy-your-right-to-object-1/", "description": "On 10 August 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on the right to object. The guidance outlines the provisions of Article 19 of Rwanda’s law No. 058/2021, which grants data subjects the right to object to the processing of their personal data. This right enables individuals to stop data controllers or processors from using their data under certain conditions, such as when the processing causes distress or is for direct marketing purposes. However, if the data ...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2021-12-14", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance on consent, ownership and lawful data processing", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/consent-ownership-and-lawful-data-processing-1/", "description": "On 14 December 2021, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on consent, ownership, and lawful data processing. The guidance outlines that Protection of Personal Data and Privacy Law No. 058/2021 establishes a framework for local and international firms to securely process personal data. The law specifies that user consent is a necessary requirement for the lawful collection and processing of personal data.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-08-04", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance on data protection terms and their meanings", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/key-data-protection-terms-and-their-meanings/", "description": "On 8 April 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on data protection terms and their meanings. This guidance outlines terminology related to personal data protection and privacy, necessary for understanding and complying with Rwanda’s laws. Terms include personal data, sensitive personal data, privacy, data controller, data processor, data processing, data subject, and third party. In particular, the guidance defines sensitive data as any information revealing a...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true }, { "date": "2022-11-05", "title": "National Cyber Security Authority guidance right to portability, rectification and erasure", "url": "https://cyber.gov.rw/updates/article/further-powers-of-the-data-subject-right-to-portability-rectification-and-erasure-1/", "description": "On 11 May 2022, the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) published guidance on the right to portability, rectification, and erasure. The guidance defines and clarifies three rights, the right to data portability, which enables individuals to transfer personal data between services, the right to rectification, which allows correction of inaccurate data and the right to erasure, which permits deletion of personal data under specific conditions. Data controllers must facilitate portability r...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 9, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Uzbekistan", "title": "Uzbekistan", "entries": [ { "date": "2025-12-12", "title": "regulation.adliya.uz source on artificial intelligence governance (2025)", "url": "https://regulation.adliya.uz/project/7929/21297?contentLang=uz", "description": "Official source record dated 2025-12-12 for Uzbekistan concerning Rules and Principles of Ethics in the Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies. See the linked regulation.adliya.uz source for the authoritative text, procedural context, and implementation details.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "executive_order", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Liechtenstein", "title": "Liechtenstein", "entries": [ { "title": "Data Protection Authority's investigation into TikTok's international data transfers", "url": "https://www.datenschutzstelle.li/aktuelles/wichtiger-hinweis-weiterhin-uebermittlung-personenbezogener-daten-durch-tiktok-nach-china?", "description": "On 8 January 2026, the Liechtenstein Data Protection Authority (DSS), issued a notice informing users that TikTok continues to transfer personal data to China and other third countries, and making recommendations to both uses and organisations. DSS stated that TikTok was conducting the transfers despite a joint supervisory decision by European data protection authorities finding them unlawful under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). TikTok has appealed the decision before an Irish...", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "Burundi", "title": "Burundi", "entries": [ { "date": "2026-02-17", "title": "COMESA Competition and Consumer Commission investigation into Meta Platforms over alleged abuse of a dominant position", "url": "https://comesacompetition.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/NOTICE_OF_COMMENCEMENT_OF_INVESTIGATION_WEBSITE.pdf", "description": "On 17 February 2026, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Competition and Consumer Commission announced an investigation into Meta Platforms and opened a public consultation over alleged abuse of a dominant position under the COMESA Competition and Consumer Protection Regulations, until 16 March 2026. The investigation follows Meta's amendment of its WhatsApp business solution terms on 15 October 2025, which allegedly excludes providers of general-purpose artificial inte...", "categories": [ "Competition" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "El Salvador", "title": "El Salvador", "entries": [ { "date": "2026-01-29", "title": "Digital services tax provisions in El Salvador-United States Agreement on Reciprocal Trade", "url": "https://ustr.gov/about/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2026/january/ambassador-greer-signs-us-el-salvador-agreement-reciprocal-trade", "description": "On 29 January 2026, El Salvador and the United States signed the Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. Under Article 3.1, El Salvador is prohibited from imposing digital services taxes, or similar taxes, that discriminate against US companies in law or in fact. The Agreement further requires El Salvador to refrain from measures that discriminate against US digital services or products distributed digitally.", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "other", "is_official": true } ], "entry_count": 1, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null }, { "id": "OTHER", "title": "OTHER", "entries": [ { "title": "‘Safety first’ puts Anthropic ahead in game of AI spin", "url": "https://ainowinstitute.org/news/press/safety-first-puts-anthropic-ahead-in-game-of-ai-spin", "description": "

But Dr Heidy Khlaaf, chief AI scientist at the AI Now Institute and a former OpenAI safety engineer, is sceptical. She notes Anthropic provides no comparison with existing automated security tools, nor any false-positive rates. “It also serves their ‘safety first’ image, as they’re able to justify the lack of public release, even a limited one for independent evaluation, as a public service – when it simply obscures experts’ abilities to independently validate their

\n

The post ‘Safety first’ puts Anthropic ahead in game of AI spin appeared first on AI Now Institute.

", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false }, { "title": "AI Giants Go on Charm Offensive to Avert Public Backlash", "url": "https://ainowinstitute.org/news/press/ai-giants-go-on-charm-offensive-to-avert-public-backlash", "description": "

But broad skepticism and fear about the impact of AI have made opposing all regulation untenable for tech company CEOs, said Kak, who is co-executive director of the AI Now Institute, which has advocated for AI regulation.

\n

If they can’t oppose every policy, “What’s the next best move?” she asked. “It’s to place yourself in the driver’s seat, and that is what every single one of them is doing.”

\n

The post AI Giants Go on Charm Offensive to Avert Public Backlash appeared first on AI Now Institute.

", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false }, { "title": "The one question everyone should be asking after OpenAI’s deal with the Pentagon", "url": "https://ainowinstitute.org/news/12263", "description": "

“In terms of safety guardrails for ‘high-stake decisions’ or surveillance, the existing
\nguardrails for generative AI are deeply lacking, and it has been shown how easily
\ncompromised they are, intentionally or inadvertently,” Heidy Khlaaf, the chief AI
\nscientist at the nonprofit AI Now Institute, told me. “It’s highly doubtful that if they
\ncannot guard their systems against benign cases, they’d be able to do so for complex
\nmilitary and surveillance operations.”

\n

The post The one question everyone should be asking after OpenAI’s deal with the Pentagon appeared first on AI Now Institute.

", "categories": [ "National Strategy" ], "document_type": "news", "is_official": false } ], "entry_count": 3, "is_regional": false, "iso_numeric": null } ], "categories": [ "AI", "AI Act", "AI Agents", "AI Bill", "AI Chips", "AI Governance", "AI Governance Market", "AI Hallucination", "AI Leadership", "AI Litigation", "AI Management System", "AI Outputs", "AI Policy", "AI Regulation", "AI Safety", "AI Summit", "AI Training", "AI Training Data", "AI Value Chain", "AI for Good", "AI-Generated Content", "AI-Washing", "AIDA", "AIMS", "ASEAN", "AU Framework", "Accountability", "Advertising", "Agentic Ai", "Ai Safety", "Algorithm Registration", "Algorithmic Accountability", "Algorithmic Regulation", "Allies", "Antitrust", "Antitrust & Competition", "Applications: Agriculture and resource extraction", "Applications: Arts, sports, leisure, travel, and lifestyle", "Applications: Broadcasting and media production", "Applications: Business services and analytics", "Applications: Construction and field services", "Applications: Consumer goods", "Applications: Education", "Applications: Energy and utilities", "Applications: Finance and investment", "Applications: Government: benefits and welfare", "Applications: Government: judicial and law enforcement", "Applications: Government: military and public safety", "Applications: Government: other applications/unspecified", "Applications: Manufacturing and process automation", "Applications: Medicine, life sciences and public health", "Applications: Networking and telecommunications", "Applications: Sales, retail, and customer relations", "Applications: Security", "Applications: Transportation", "Audit", "Automated Decision-Making", "Autonomous Systems", "Autonomous Vehicles", "Bias Audits", "Big Tech", "Bill C-27", "Binding Frameworks", "CAC", "Cabinet Approval", "Certification", "Challenges", "China", "Chips & Data Centres", "Competition", "Compliance", "Comprehensive", "Comprehensive Framework", "Compute", "Consumer Protection", "Content Governance", "Content Labeling", "Content Labelling", "Content Moderation", "Content Provenance", "Copyright", "Copyright & Intellectual Property", "Copyright & Ip", "Court Case", "Court Case Database", "Court Sanctions", "Courts", "Creative Industries", "Cross-Border", "Culture", "Cybersecurity", "DPIA", "Data Act", "Data Charter", "Data Privacy & Protection", "Data governance", "Deepfakes", "Deepfakes & Synthetic Media", "Defense & Military", "Defense & National Security", "Defense & Security", "Development", "Digital Economy", "Distributed Regulation", "Distributed Regulatory Model", "Dual Compliance", "Due Diligence", "E", "EU Alignment", "EU Commission", "EU Institutions", "Education", "Education & Training", "Election AI", "Electoral Integrity", "Employment AI", "Energy & Environment", "Enforcement", "Enforcement Gap", "Ethics", "Evolving", "Executive Order", "Existing Laws", "Export Controls", "FTC", "Facial Recognition", "Fair Use", "Federal AI Capacity", "Federal Bill", "Federal Legislation", "Federal Policy", "Finance", "Financial Services", "First in Region", "Foreign Platforms", "Fundamental Rights", "GCC", "General Purpose AI", "Generative AI", "Global", "Global Declaration", "Global Governance", "Global Impact", "Governance", "Government AI Policy", "Government AI Use", "Government Report", "Government Use", "Guidance", "Harms: Detrimental content", "Harms: Discrimination", "Harms: Ecological harm", "Harms: Financial loss", "Harms: Hallucination in legal filings", "Harms: Harm to health/safety", "Harms: Harm to infrastructure", "Harms: Harm to property", "Harms: Violation of civil or human rights, including privacy", "Health & Life Sciences", "Health AI", "Healthcare", "High-Impact AI", "High-Risk AI", "House of Lords", "Human Oversight", "Human Rights", "Human Rights & Ethics", "Human-Centered", "IPU", "ISO/IEC", "IT Rules", "ITU", "Implementation Guidance", "Incentives: Access to business opportunities", "Incentives: Civil liability", "Incentives: Criminal liability", "Incentives: Fines", "Incentives: Imprisonment", "Incentives: Subsidies", "Industrial Development", "Industry Standards", "Infrastructure", "Infrastructure & Hardware", "Innovation", "Intellectual Property", "Interactive AI", "International Cooperation", "International Declaration", "International Report", "International Trade", "Interoperability", "Investment", "Judicial & Law Enforcement", "Judicial AI Use", "Labeling", "Labor & Workforce", "Labour Law", "Legal Ethics", "Legal Liability", "Legal Practice", "Legal Sanctions", "Legislative", "Legislative Tracking", "Liability & Accountability", "Licensing", "Licensing & Authorisation", "Logistics & Infrastructure", "MATCH Act", "Market Forecast", "Media", "Media & Entertainment", "Mental Health", "Model Framework", "Multi-Stakeholder", "NIST", "NITDA", "National AI Act", "National AI Authority", "National AI Bill", "National AI Law", "National AI Policy", "National AI Regulation", "National AI Strategy", "National Implementation", "National Security", "National Strategies", "National Strategy", "OECD", "Omnibus", "Online Safety & Child Protection", "Open Source", "Opt-Out", "Parliamentary AI", "Pending Legislation", "Planned", "Policy", "Policy Shift", "Political Content", "Political Initiative", "Practice Direction", "Preemption", "Principles", "Privacy Commissioner", "Procurement", "Prohibited AI", "Public Consultation", "Public Sector & Governance", "RFI", "RGPD", "Regional Framework", "Regional Governance", "Regional Leadership", "Regulatory Authority", "Regulatory Gap", "Regulatory Reform", "Regulatory Scrutiny", "Research", "Research & Development", "Responsible AI", "Risk Assessment", "Risk Framework", "Risk Management", "Risk factors: Bias", "Risk factors: Interpretability and explainability", "Risk factors: Privacy", "Risk factors: Reliability", "Risk factors: Reliability: Robustness", "Risk factors: Safety", "Risk factors: Security", "Risk factors: Security: Cybersecurity", "Risk factors: Security: Dissemination", "Risk factors: Transparency", "Risk-Based", "Risk-Based Framework", "Safe & Responsible Ai", "Safety", "Sanctions", "Sanctions Risk", "Sandbox", "Sector Guidelines", "Sector Regulators", "Sector-Specific", "Self-Regulation", "Semiconductors", "Social Media", "Soft Law", "Software Pricing", "Sovereign AI", "Stalled", "Standard", "Standards", "State AI Governance", "State AI Laws", "State Laws", "State Legislation", "State-Federal Dynamics", "State-Level Governance", "Strategies: Convening", "Strategies: Disclosure", "Strategies: Disclosure: About evaluation", "Strategies: Disclosure: About incidents", "Strategies: Disclosure: About inputs", "Strategies: Disclosure: Accuracy thereof", "Strategies: Disclosure: In deployment", "Strategies: Disclosure: In standard form", "Strategies: Evaluation", "Strategies: Evaluation: Adversarial testing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Conformity assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: External auditing", "Strategies: Evaluation: Impact assessment", "Strategies: Evaluation: Post-market monitoring", "Strategies: Governance development", "Strategies: Government study or report", "Strategies: Government support", "Strategies: Government support: AI workforce-related", "Strategies: Government support: For R&D", "Strategies: Input controls", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Compute use", "Strategies: Input controls: Data circulation", "Strategies: Input controls: Data use", "Strategies: Licensing, registration, and certification", "Strategies: New institution", "Strategies: Performance requirements", "Strategies: Pilots and testbeds", "Strategies: Tiering", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on domain of application", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on generality", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on impact", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on inputs", "Strategies: Tiering: Tiering based on planning ability", "Strategy", "Strategy & Policy", "Streamlining", "Study", "Supervisory Authority", "Telecommunications", "Trade & Investment", "Training & Workforce", "Training Data", "Transparency", "Transparency & Explainability", "Transport", "Transportation", "Trump Administration", "UN", "US-EU", "US-EU Data Conflict", "US-Israel AI", "WHO", "Workplace AI" ], "stats": { "total_profiles": 266, "country_profiles": 253, "regional_profiles": 13, "active_profiles": 237, "total_entries": 14717 } }